[ { "ID":0, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Absorption capacity", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The ability of a community, economy and\/or country to include ex-combatants as active full members of the society. Absorption capacity is often used in relation to the capacities of local communities, but can also refer to social and political reintegration opportunities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":0, "Sentence":"The ability of a community, economy and\/or country to include ex-combatants as active full members of the society.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary ability community economy and\/or country include excombatants active full member society ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Absorption capacity", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The ability of a community, economy and\/or country to include ex-combatants as active full members of the society. Absorption capacity is often used in relation to the capacities of local communities, but can also refer to social and political reintegration opportunities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":0, "Sentence":"Absorption capacity is often used in relation to the capacities of local communities, but can also refer to social and political reintegration opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary absorption capacity often used relation capacity local community also refer social political reintegration opportunity ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The advisory body that reviews the budgets of peacekeeping missions and makes recommendations to the Fifth (Administrative and Budgetary) committee of the General Assembly.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1, "Sentence":"The advisory body that reviews the budgets of peacekeeping missions and makes recommendations to the Fifth (Administrative and Budgetary) committee of the General Assembly.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary advisory body review budget peacekeeping mission make recommendation fifth administrative budgetary committee general assembly ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"AIDS", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threateningdiseases.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":2, "Sentence":"Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threateningdiseases.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary acquired immune deficiency syndrome stage hiv immune system depleted leaving body vulnerable one lifethreateningdiseases ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Ammunition", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"See \u2018munition\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":3, "Sentence":"See \u2018munition\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary see \u2018 munition \u2019 ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Anti-retrovirals (ARVs)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":4, "Sentence":"Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary broad term main type treatment hiv aid ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Anti-retrovirals (ARVs)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":4, "Sentence":"ARVs are not a cure.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary arvs cure ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Arms control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The imposition of restrictions on the production, exchange and spread of weapons by an authority vested with legitimate powers to enforce such restrictions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":5, "Sentence":"The imposition of restrictions on the production, exchange and spread of weapons by an authority vested with legitimate powers to enforce such restrictions.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary imposition restriction production exchange spread weapon authority vested legitimate power enforce restriction ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Arms exports ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The sending of weapons, guns and ammunition from one country to another, often closely monitored and controlled by governments.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":6, "Sentence":"The sending of weapons, guns and ammunition from one country to another, often closely monitored and controlled by governments.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary sending weapon gun ammunition one country another often closely monitored controlled government ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Armed forces", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The military organization of a State with a legal basis, and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.)", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":7, "Sentence":"The military organization of a State with a legal basis, and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary military organization state legal basis supporting institutional infrastructure salary benefit basic service etc ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Armed group", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"A group that has the potential to employ arms in the use of force to achieve political, ideological or economic objectives; is not within the formal military structures of a State, State-alliance or intergovernmental organization; and is not under the control of the State(s) in which it operates.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":8, "Sentence":"A group that has the potential to employ arms in the use of force to achieve political, ideological or economic objectives; is not within the formal military structures of a State, State-alliance or intergovernmental organization; and is not under the control of the State(s) in which it operates.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary group potential employ arm use force achieve political ideological economic objective within formal military structure state statealliance intergovernmental organization control state operates ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Asylum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The protection granted by a State on its territory to persons from another state who are fleeing serious danger or persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum includes a variety of elements, including non-refoulement (for definition, see \u2018non-refoulement\u2019), permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":9, "Sentence":"The protection granted by a State on its territory to persons from another state who are fleeing serious danger or persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary protection granted state territory person another state fleeing serious danger persecution based race religion nationality membership particular social group political opinion ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Asylum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The protection granted by a State on its territory to persons from another state who are fleeing serious danger or persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum includes a variety of elements, including non-refoulement (for definition, see \u2018non-refoulement\u2019), permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":9, "Sentence":"A person who is granted asylum is a refugee.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary person granted asylum refugee ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Asylum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The protection granted by a State on its territory to persons from another state who are fleeing serious danger or persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum includes a variety of elements, including non-refoulement (for definition, see \u2018non-refoulement\u2019), permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":9, "Sentence":"Asylum includes a variety of elements, including non-refoulement (for definition, see \u2018non-refoulement\u2019), permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary asylum includes variety element including nonrefoulement definition see \u2018 nonrefoulement \u2019 permission remain territory asylum country humane standard treatment ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Asylum seeker", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a prospective country of refuge.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":10, "Sentence":"A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a prospective country of refuge.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary person whose request application refugee status finally decided prospective country refuge ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Behaviour-change communication (BCC)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":11, "Sentence":"A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary participatory communitylevel process aimed developing positive behaviour promoting sustaining individual community societal behaviour change maintaining appropriate behaviour ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Beneficiary\/ies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Refers to both individuals and groups who receive indirect benefits through a UN-supported DDR operation or programme. This includes communities in which DDR programme participants resettle, businesses where ex-combatants work as part of the DDR programme, etc.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":12, "Sentence":"Refers to both individuals and groups who receive indirect benefits through a UN-supported DDR operation or programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary refers individual group receive indirect benefit unsupported ddr operation programme ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Beneficiary\/ies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Refers to both individuals and groups who receive indirect benefits through a UN-supported DDR operation or programme. This includes communities in which DDR programme participants resettle, businesses where ex-combatants work as part of the DDR programme, etc.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":12, "Sentence":"This includes communities in which DDR programme participants resettle, businesses where ex-combatants work as part of the DDR programme, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary includes community ddr programme participant resettle business excombatants work part ddr programme etc ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Border controls", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The existence of checks and regulations between countries that control access to and from the country of people, goods and services.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":13, "Sentence":"The existence of checks and regulations between countries that control access to and from the country of people, goods and services.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary existence check regulation country control access country people good service ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Broker", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The natural person or legal entity that carries out a brokering activity; anyone who directly performs an activity defined as a brokering activity in the exercise of their own commercial or legal relations. The acts of natural persons, especially employees, are to be ascribed to the legal entity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":14, "Sentence":"The natural person or legal entity that carries out a brokering activity; anyone who directly performs an activity defined as a brokering activity in the exercise of their own commercial or legal relations.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary natural person legal entity carry brokering activity anyone directly performs activity defined brokering activity exercise commercial legal relation ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Broker", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The natural person or legal entity that carries out a brokering activity; anyone who directly performs an activity defined as a brokering activity in the exercise of their own commercial or legal relations. The acts of natural persons, especially employees, are to be ascribed to the legal entity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":14, "Sentence":"The acts of natural persons, especially employees, are to be ascribed to the legal entity.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary act natural person especially employee ascribed legal entity ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Brokering", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Activities that serve to facilitate the transfer of arms between persons in different third countries, insofar as such transfer is furthered through the assistance of a so-called broker. Core brokering activities include:\\nacquisition of SALW located in one third country for the purpose of transfer to another third country;\\nmediation between sellers and buyers of SALW to facilitate the trans\u00adfer of these arms from one third country to another; \\nthe indication of an opportunity for such a transaction to the seller or buyer (in particular, the introduction of a seller or buyer in return for a fee or other consideration).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":15, "Sentence":"Activities that serve to facilitate the transfer of arms between persons in different third countries, insofar as such transfer is furthered through the assistance of a so-called broker.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary activity serve facilitate transfer arm person different third country insofar transfer furthered assistance socalled broker ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Brokering", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Activities that serve to facilitate the transfer of arms between persons in different third countries, insofar as such transfer is furthered through the assistance of a so-called broker. Core brokering activities include:\\nacquisition of SALW located in one third country for the purpose of transfer to another third country;\\nmediation between sellers and buyers of SALW to facilitate the trans\u00adfer of these arms from one third country to another; \\nthe indication of an opportunity for such a transaction to the seller or buyer (in particular, the introduction of a seller or buyer in return for a fee or other consideration).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":15, "Sentence":"Core brokering activities include:\\nacquisition of SALW located in one third country for the purpose of transfer to another third country;\\nmediation between sellers and buyers of SALW to facilitate the trans\u00adfer of these arms from one third country to another; \\nthe indication of an opportunity for such a transaction to the seller or buyer (in particular, the introduction of a seller or buyer in return for a fee or other consideration).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary core brokering activity includenacquisition salw located one third country purpose transfer another third countrynmediation seller buyer salw facilitate trans\u00adfer arm one third country another nthe indication opportunity transaction seller buyer particular introduction seller buyer return fee consideration ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Business development services (BDS)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"A set of \u2018business services\u2019 that include any services that improve the performance of a business and its access to and ability to compete in markets.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":16, "Sentence":"A set of \u2018business services\u2019 that include any services that improve the performance of a business and its access to and ability to compete in markets.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary set \u2018 business service \u2019 include service improve performance business access ability compete market ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Buy-back", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The direct link between the surrender of weapons, ammunition, mines and explosives in return for cash. There is a perception that such schemes reward irresponsible armed personnel who may have already harmed society and the innocent civilian population. They also provide the opportunity for an individual to conduct low-level trading in SALW. ", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":17, "Sentence":"The direct link between the surrender of weapons, ammunition, mines and explosives in return for cash.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary direct link surrender weapon ammunition mine explosive return cash ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Buy-back", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The direct link between the surrender of weapons, ammunition, mines and explosives in return for cash. There is a perception that such schemes reward irresponsible armed personnel who may have already harmed society and the innocent civilian population. They also provide the opportunity for an individual to conduct low-level trading in SALW. ", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":17, "Sentence":"There is a perception that such schemes reward irresponsible armed personnel who may have already harmed society and the innocent civilian population.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary perception scheme reward irresponsible armed personnel may already harmed society innocent civilian population ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Buy-back", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The direct link between the surrender of weapons, ammunition, mines and explosives in return for cash. There is a perception that such schemes reward irresponsible armed personnel who may have already harmed society and the innocent civilian population. They also provide the opportunity for an individual to conduct low-level trading in SALW. ", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":17, "Sentence":"They also provide the opportunity for an individual to conduct low-level trading in SALW.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary also provide opportunity individual conduct lowlevel trading salw ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Capacity", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The strength and ability, which could include knowledge, skill, personnel and resources, to achieve desired objectives.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":18, "Sentence":"The strength and ability, which could include knowledge, skill, personnel and resources, to achieve desired objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary strength ability could include knowledge skill personnel resource achieve desired objective ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Capacity-building", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Used as a noun, refers to processes and programmes that empower and enable the recipients\u2019 independent development. Can also be used as an adjective (e.g., capacity-building activity).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":19, "Sentence":"Used as a noun, refers to processes and programmes that empower and enable the recipients\u2019 independent development.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary used noun refers process programme empower enable recipient \u2019 independent development ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Capacity-building", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Used as a noun, refers to processes and programmes that empower and enable the recipients\u2019 independent development. Can also be used as an adjective (e.g., capacity-building activity).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":19, "Sentence":"Can also be used as an adjective (e.g., capacity-building activity).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary also used adjective e.g . capacitybuilding activity ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Ceasefire agreement", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"A binding, non-aggression pact to enable dialogue between conflicting parties.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":20, "Sentence":"A binding, non-aggression pact to enable dialogue between conflicting parties.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary binding nonaggression pact enable dialogue conflicting party ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Child", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Any human below the age of 18, unless under the law applicable to the child in a particular country, majority is attained earlier.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":21, "Sentence":"Any human below the age of 18, unless under the law applicable to the child in a particular country, majority is attained earlier.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary human age 18 unless law applicable child particular country majority attained earlier ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Child associated with fighting forces\/armed conflict\/armed groups\/armed forces", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The definition commonly applied to children associated with armed forces andGroups in prevention, demobilization and reintegration programmes derives from the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), in which the term \u2018child soldier\u2019 refers to: \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced marriage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried arms.\u201d\\nIn his February 2000 report to the UN Security Council, the SecretaryGeneral defined a child soldier \u201cas any person under the age 18 years of age who forms part of an armed force in any capacity and those accompanying such groups, other than purely as family members, as well as girls recruited for sexual purposes and forced marriage\u201d. The CRC specifies that a child is every human below the age of 18.\\nThe term \u2018children associated with armed forces and groups\u2019, although more cumbersome, is now used to avoid the perception that the only children of concern are combatant boys. It points out that children eligible for release and reintegration programmes are both those associated with armed forces and groups and those who fled armed forces and groups (often considered as deserters and therefore requiring support and protection), children who were abducted, those forcibly married and those in detention.\\nAccess to demobilization does not depend on a child\u2019s level of involvement in armed forces and groups. No distinction is made between combatants and non-combatants for fear of unfair treatment, oversight or exclusion (mainly of girls). Nevertheless, the child\u2019s personal history and activities in the armed conflict can help decide on the kind of support he\/she needs in the reintegration phase.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":22, "Sentence":"The definition commonly applied to children associated with armed forces andGroups in prevention, demobilization and reintegration programmes derives from the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), in which the term \u2018child soldier\u2019 refers to: \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary definition commonly applied child associated armed force andgroups prevention demobilization reintegration programme derives cape town principle best practice 1997 term \u2018 child soldier \u2019 refers \u201c person 18 year age part kind regular irregular armed force armed group capacity including limited cook porter messenger anyone accompanying group family member ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Child associated with fighting forces\/armed conflict\/armed groups\/armed forces", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The definition commonly applied to children associated with armed forces andGroups in prevention, demobilization and reintegration programmes derives from the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), in which the term \u2018child soldier\u2019 refers to: \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced marriage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried arms.\u201d\\nIn his February 2000 report to the UN Security Council, the SecretaryGeneral defined a child soldier \u201cas any person under the age 18 years of age who forms part of an armed force in any capacity and those accompanying such groups, other than purely as family members, as well as girls recruited for sexual purposes and forced marriage\u201d. The CRC specifies that a child is every human below the age of 18.\\nThe term \u2018children associated with armed forces and groups\u2019, although more cumbersome, is now used to avoid the perception that the only children of concern are combatant boys. It points out that children eligible for release and reintegration programmes are both those associated with armed forces and groups and those who fled armed forces and groups (often considered as deserters and therefore requiring support and protection), children who were abducted, those forcibly married and those in detention.\\nAccess to demobilization does not depend on a child\u2019s level of involvement in armed forces and groups. No distinction is made between combatants and non-combatants for fear of unfair treatment, oversight or exclusion (mainly of girls). Nevertheless, the child\u2019s personal history and activities in the armed conflict can help decide on the kind of support he\/she needs in the reintegration phase.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":22, "Sentence":"The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced marriage.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary definition includes girl recruited sexual purpose forced marriage ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Child associated with fighting forces\/armed conflict\/armed groups\/armed forces", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The definition commonly applied to children associated with armed forces andGroups in prevention, demobilization and reintegration programmes derives from the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), in which the term \u2018child soldier\u2019 refers to: \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced marriage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried arms.\u201d\\nIn his February 2000 report to the UN Security Council, the SecretaryGeneral defined a child soldier \u201cas any person under the age 18 years of age who forms part of an armed force in any capacity and those accompanying such groups, other than purely as family members, as well as girls recruited for sexual purposes and forced marriage\u201d. The CRC specifies that a child is every human below the age of 18.\\nThe term \u2018children associated with armed forces and groups\u2019, although more cumbersome, is now used to avoid the perception that the only children of concern are combatant boys. It points out that children eligible for release and reintegration programmes are both those associated with armed forces and groups and those who fled armed forces and groups (often considered as deserters and therefore requiring support and protection), children who were abducted, those forcibly married and those in detention.\\nAccess to demobilization does not depend on a child\u2019s level of involvement in armed forces and groups. No distinction is made between combatants and non-combatants for fear of unfair treatment, oversight or exclusion (mainly of girls). Nevertheless, the child\u2019s personal history and activities in the armed conflict can help decide on the kind of support he\/she needs in the reintegration phase.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":22, "Sentence":"It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried arms.\u201d\\nIn his February 2000 report to the UN Security Council, the SecretaryGeneral defined a child soldier \u201cas any person under the age 18 years of age who forms part of an armed force in any capacity and those accompanying such groups, other than purely as family members, as well as girls recruited for sexual purposes and forced marriage\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary therefore refer child carrying carried arms. \u201d nin february 2000 report un security council secretarygeneral defined child soldier \u201c person age 18 year age form part armed force capacity accompanying group purely family member well girl recruited sexual purpose forced marriage \u201d ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Child associated with fighting forces\/armed conflict\/armed groups\/armed forces", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The definition commonly applied to children associated with armed forces andGroups in prevention, demobilization and reintegration programmes derives from the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), in which the term \u2018child soldier\u2019 refers to: \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced marriage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried arms.\u201d\\nIn his February 2000 report to the UN Security Council, the SecretaryGeneral defined a child soldier \u201cas any person under the age 18 years of age who forms part of an armed force in any capacity and those accompanying such groups, other than purely as family members, as well as girls recruited for sexual purposes and forced marriage\u201d. The CRC specifies that a child is every human below the age of 18.\\nThe term \u2018children associated with armed forces and groups\u2019, although more cumbersome, is now used to avoid the perception that the only children of concern are combatant boys. It points out that children eligible for release and reintegration programmes are both those associated with armed forces and groups and those who fled armed forces and groups (often considered as deserters and therefore requiring support and protection), children who were abducted, those forcibly married and those in detention.\\nAccess to demobilization does not depend on a child\u2019s level of involvement in armed forces and groups. No distinction is made between combatants and non-combatants for fear of unfair treatment, oversight or exclusion (mainly of girls). Nevertheless, the child\u2019s personal history and activities in the armed conflict can help decide on the kind of support he\/she needs in the reintegration phase.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":22, "Sentence":"The CRC specifies that a child is every human below the age of 18.\\nThe term \u2018children associated with armed forces and groups\u2019, although more cumbersome, is now used to avoid the perception that the only children of concern are combatant boys.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary crc specifies child every human age 18.nthe term \u2018 child associated armed force group \u2019 although cumbersome used avoid perception child concern combatant boy ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Child associated with fighting forces\/armed conflict\/armed groups\/armed forces", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The definition commonly applied to children associated with armed forces andGroups in prevention, demobilization and reintegration programmes derives from the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), in which the term \u2018child soldier\u2019 refers to: \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced marriage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried arms.\u201d\\nIn his February 2000 report to the UN Security Council, the SecretaryGeneral defined a child soldier \u201cas any person under the age 18 years of age who forms part of an armed force in any capacity and those accompanying such groups, other than purely as family members, as well as girls recruited for sexual purposes and forced marriage\u201d. The CRC specifies that a child is every human below the age of 18.\\nThe term \u2018children associated with armed forces and groups\u2019, although more cumbersome, is now used to avoid the perception that the only children of concern are combatant boys. It points out that children eligible for release and reintegration programmes are both those associated with armed forces and groups and those who fled armed forces and groups (often considered as deserters and therefore requiring support and protection), children who were abducted, those forcibly married and those in detention.\\nAccess to demobilization does not depend on a child\u2019s level of involvement in armed forces and groups. No distinction is made between combatants and non-combatants for fear of unfair treatment, oversight or exclusion (mainly of girls). Nevertheless, the child\u2019s personal history and activities in the armed conflict can help decide on the kind of support he\/she needs in the reintegration phase.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":22, "Sentence":"It points out that children eligible for release and reintegration programmes are both those associated with armed forces and groups and those who fled armed forces and groups (often considered as deserters and therefore requiring support and protection), children who were abducted, those forcibly married and those in detention.\\nAccess to demobilization does not depend on a child\u2019s level of involvement in armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary point child eligible release reintegration programme associated armed force group fled armed force group often considered deserter therefore requiring support protection child abducted forcibly married detention.naccess demobilization depend child \u2019 level involvement armed force group ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Child associated with fighting forces\/armed conflict\/armed groups\/armed forces", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The definition commonly applied to children associated with armed forces andGroups in prevention, demobilization and reintegration programmes derives from the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), in which the term \u2018child soldier\u2019 refers to: \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced marriage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried arms.\u201d\\nIn his February 2000 report to the UN Security Council, the SecretaryGeneral defined a child soldier \u201cas any person under the age 18 years of age who forms part of an armed force in any capacity and those accompanying such groups, other than purely as family members, as well as girls recruited for sexual purposes and forced marriage\u201d. The CRC specifies that a child is every human below the age of 18.\\nThe term \u2018children associated with armed forces and groups\u2019, although more cumbersome, is now used to avoid the perception that the only children of concern are combatant boys. It points out that children eligible for release and reintegration programmes are both those associated with armed forces and groups and those who fled armed forces and groups (often considered as deserters and therefore requiring support and protection), children who were abducted, those forcibly married and those in detention.\\nAccess to demobilization does not depend on a child\u2019s level of involvement in armed forces and groups. No distinction is made between combatants and non-combatants for fear of unfair treatment, oversight or exclusion (mainly of girls). Nevertheless, the child\u2019s personal history and activities in the armed conflict can help decide on the kind of support he\/she needs in the reintegration phase.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":22, "Sentence":"No distinction is made between combatants and non-combatants for fear of unfair treatment, oversight or exclusion (mainly of girls).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary distinction made combatant noncombatant fear unfair treatment oversight exclusion mainly girl ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Child associated with fighting forces\/armed conflict\/armed groups\/armed forces", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The definition commonly applied to children associated with armed forces andGroups in prevention, demobilization and reintegration programmes derives from the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), in which the term \u2018child soldier\u2019 refers to: \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced marriage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried arms.\u201d\\nIn his February 2000 report to the UN Security Council, the SecretaryGeneral defined a child soldier \u201cas any person under the age 18 years of age who forms part of an armed force in any capacity and those accompanying such groups, other than purely as family members, as well as girls recruited for sexual purposes and forced marriage\u201d. The CRC specifies that a child is every human below the age of 18.\\nThe term \u2018children associated with armed forces and groups\u2019, although more cumbersome, is now used to avoid the perception that the only children of concern are combatant boys. It points out that children eligible for release and reintegration programmes are both those associated with armed forces and groups and those who fled armed forces and groups (often considered as deserters and therefore requiring support and protection), children who were abducted, those forcibly married and those in detention.\\nAccess to demobilization does not depend on a child\u2019s level of involvement in armed forces and groups. No distinction is made between combatants and non-combatants for fear of unfair treatment, oversight or exclusion (mainly of girls). Nevertheless, the child\u2019s personal history and activities in the armed conflict can help decide on the kind of support he\/she needs in the reintegration phase.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":22, "Sentence":"Nevertheless, the child\u2019s personal history and activities in the armed conflict can help decide on the kind of support he\/she needs in the reintegration phase.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary nevertheless child \u2019 personal history activity armed conflict help decide kind support he\/she need reintegration phase ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Child demobilization, release, exit from an armed force or Group", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The term \u2018demobilization\u2019 refers to ending a child\u2019s association with armed forces or groups. The terms \u2018release\u2019 or \u2018exit from an armed force or group\u2019 and \u2018children coming or exiting from armed forces and groups\u2019 rather than \u2018demobilized children\u2019 are preferred.\\nChild demobilization\/release is very brief and involves removing a child from a military or armed group as swiftly as possible. This action may require official documentation (e.g., issuing a demobilization card or official registration in a database for ex-combatants) to confirm that the child has no military status, although formal documentation must be used carefully so that it does not stigmatize an already-vulnerable child.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":23, "Sentence":"The term \u2018demobilization\u2019 refers to ending a child\u2019s association with armed forces or groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary term \u2018 demobilization \u2019 refers ending child \u2019 association armed force group ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Child demobilization, release, exit from an armed force or Group", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The term \u2018demobilization\u2019 refers to ending a child\u2019s association with armed forces or groups. The terms \u2018release\u2019 or \u2018exit from an armed force or group\u2019 and \u2018children coming or exiting from armed forces and groups\u2019 rather than \u2018demobilized children\u2019 are preferred.\\nChild demobilization\/release is very brief and involves removing a child from a military or armed group as swiftly as possible. This action may require official documentation (e.g., issuing a demobilization card or official registration in a database for ex-combatants) to confirm that the child has no military status, although formal documentation must be used carefully so that it does not stigmatize an already-vulnerable child.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":23, "Sentence":"The terms \u2018release\u2019 or \u2018exit from an armed force or group\u2019 and \u2018children coming or exiting from armed forces and groups\u2019 rather than \u2018demobilized children\u2019 are preferred.\\nChild demobilization\/release is very brief and involves removing a child from a military or armed group as swiftly as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary term \u2018 release \u2019 \u2018 exit armed force group \u2019 \u2018 child coming exiting armed force group \u2019 rather \u2018 demobilized child \u2019 preferred.nchild demobilization\/release brief involves removing child military armed group swiftly possible ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Child demobilization, release, exit from an armed force or Group", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The term \u2018demobilization\u2019 refers to ending a child\u2019s association with armed forces or groups. The terms \u2018release\u2019 or \u2018exit from an armed force or group\u2019 and \u2018children coming or exiting from armed forces and groups\u2019 rather than \u2018demobilized children\u2019 are preferred.\\nChild demobilization\/release is very brief and involves removing a child from a military or armed group as swiftly as possible. This action may require official documentation (e.g., issuing a demobilization card or official registration in a database for ex-combatants) to confirm that the child has no military status, although formal documentation must be used carefully so that it does not stigmatize an already-vulnerable child.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":23, "Sentence":"This action may require official documentation (e.g., issuing a demobilization card or official registration in a database for ex-combatants) to confirm that the child has no military status, although formal documentation must be used carefully so that it does not stigmatize an already-vulnerable child.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary action may require official documentation e.g . issuing demobilization card official registration database excombatants confirm child military status although formal documentation must used carefully stigmatize alreadyvulnerable child ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Child reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"According to article 39 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, \u201cStates parties shall take all appropriate measures to promote . . . social reintegration of a child victim of . . . armed conflicts\u201d.\\nReintegration includes family reunification, mobilizing and enabling the child\u2019s existing care system, medical screening and health care, schooling and\/or vocational training, psychosocial support, and social and community-based reintegration. Reintegration programmes need to be sustainable and to take into account children\u2019s aspirations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":24, "Sentence":"According to article 39 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, \u201cStates parties shall take all appropriate measures to promote .", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary according article 39 convention right child \u201c state party shall take appropriate measure promote ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Child reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"According to article 39 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, \u201cStates parties shall take all appropriate measures to promote . . . social reintegration of a child victim of . . . armed conflicts\u201d.\\nReintegration includes family reunification, mobilizing and enabling the child\u2019s existing care system, medical screening and health care, schooling and\/or vocational training, psychosocial support, and social and community-based reintegration. Reintegration programmes need to be sustainable and to take into account children\u2019s aspirations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":24, "Sentence":". . social reintegration of a child victim of .", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary . . social reintegration child victim ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Child reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"According to article 39 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, \u201cStates parties shall take all appropriate measures to promote . . . social reintegration of a child victim of . . . armed conflicts\u201d.\\nReintegration includes family reunification, mobilizing and enabling the child\u2019s existing care system, medical screening and health care, schooling and\/or vocational training, psychosocial support, and social and community-based reintegration. Reintegration programmes need to be sustainable and to take into account children\u2019s aspirations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":24, "Sentence":". . armed conflicts\u201d.\\nReintegration includes family reunification, mobilizing and enabling the child\u2019s existing care system, medical screening and health care, schooling and\/or vocational training, psychosocial support, and social and community-based reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary . . armed conflict \u201d .nreintegration includes family reunification mobilizing enabling child \u2019 existing care system medical screening health care schooling and\/or vocational training psychosocial support social communitybased reintegration ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Child reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"According to article 39 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, \u201cStates parties shall take all appropriate measures to promote . . . social reintegration of a child victim of . . . armed conflicts\u201d.\\nReintegration includes family reunification, mobilizing and enabling the child\u2019s existing care system, medical screening and health care, schooling and\/or vocational training, psychosocial support, and social and community-based reintegration. Reintegration programmes need to be sustainable and to take into account children\u2019s aspirations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":24, "Sentence":"Reintegration programmes need to be sustainable and to take into account children\u2019s aspirations.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary reintegration programme need sustainable take account child \u2019 aspiration ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Civil society", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The three-sector model, which looks at the State as consisting of the government, the market and the citizenry, is a useful starting point to define civil society. In this perspective, civil society constitutes the third sector, existing alongside and interacting with the State and profit-seeking firms. Civil society emerges as a voluntary sector made up of freely and formally associating individuals pursuing non-profit purposes in social movements, religious bodies, women and youth groups, indigenous peoples\u2019 organizations, professional associations, unions, etc", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":25, "Sentence":"The three-sector model, which looks at the State as consisting of the government, the market and the citizenry, is a useful starting point to define civil society.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary threesector model look state consisting government market citizenry useful starting point define civil society ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Civil society", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The three-sector model, which looks at the State as consisting of the government, the market and the citizenry, is a useful starting point to define civil society. In this perspective, civil society constitutes the third sector, existing alongside and interacting with the State and profit-seeking firms. Civil society emerges as a voluntary sector made up of freely and formally associating individuals pursuing non-profit purposes in social movements, religious bodies, women and youth groups, indigenous peoples\u2019 organizations, professional associations, unions, etc", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":25, "Sentence":"In this perspective, civil society constitutes the third sector, existing alongside and interacting with the State and profit-seeking firms.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary perspective civil society constitutes third sector existing alongside interacting state profitseeking firm ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Civil society", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The three-sector model, which looks at the State as consisting of the government, the market and the citizenry, is a useful starting point to define civil society. In this perspective, civil society constitutes the third sector, existing alongside and interacting with the State and profit-seeking firms. Civil society emerges as a voluntary sector made up of freely and formally associating individuals pursuing non-profit purposes in social movements, religious bodies, women and youth groups, indigenous peoples\u2019 organizations, professional associations, unions, etc", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":25, "Sentence":"Civil society emerges as a voluntary sector made up of freely and formally associating individuals pursuing non-profit purposes in social movements, religious bodies, women and youth groups, indigenous peoples\u2019 organizations, professional associations, unions, etc", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary civil society emerges voluntary sector made freely formally associating individual pursuing nonprofit purpose social movement religious body woman youth group indigenous people \u2019 organization professional association union etc" }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Civil society organization (CSO)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Non-State organization composed of voluntary participants.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":26, "Sentence":"Non-State organization composed of voluntary participants.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary nonstate organization composed voluntary participant ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Combatant", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Convention of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who:\\nis a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or \\nis actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or\\nis involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\nholds a command or decision-making position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\narrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\nhaving arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":27, "Sentence":"Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Convention of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who:\\nis a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or \\nis actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or\\nis involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\nholds a command or decision-making position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\narrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\nhaving arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary based analogy definition set third geneva convention 1949 relative treatment prisoner war relation person engaged international armed conflict combatant person whonis member national army irregular military organization ni actively participating military activity hostility ornis involved recruiting training military personnel nholds command decisionmaking position within national army armed organization narrived host country carrying arm military uniform part military structure nhaving arrived host country ordinary civilian thereafter assumes show determination assume attribute ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Community-based policing (CBP) ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"CBP involves the police participating in the community and responding to the needs of that community, and the community participating in its own policing and supporting the police. It can further be explained as the police working in partnership with the community; the community thereby participating in its own policing; and the two working together, mobilizing resources to solve problems affecting public safety over the longer term rather than the police, alone, reacting short term to incidents as they occur.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":28, "Sentence":"CBP involves the police participating in the community and responding to the needs of that community, and the community participating in its own policing and supporting the police.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary cbp involves police participating community responding need community community participating policing supporting police ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Community-based policing (CBP) ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"CBP involves the police participating in the community and responding to the needs of that community, and the community participating in its own policing and supporting the police. It can further be explained as the police working in partnership with the community; the community thereby participating in its own policing; and the two working together, mobilizing resources to solve problems affecting public safety over the longer term rather than the police, alone, reacting short term to incidents as they occur.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":28, "Sentence":"It can further be explained as the police working in partnership with the community; the community thereby participating in its own policing; and the two working together, mobilizing resources to solve problems affecting public safety over the longer term rather than the police, alone, reacting short term to incidents as they occur.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary explained police working partnership community community thereby participating policing two working together mobilizing resource solve problem affecting public safety longer term rather police alone reacting short term incident occur ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Community disarmament\/Small arms limitation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In the context of peace-building, community disarmament\/small arms limitation advocates a change of public attitude toward the possession and use of weapons, as well as the benefits of weapons control measures within the community.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":29, "Sentence":"In the context of peace-building, community disarmament\/small arms limitation advocates a change of public attitude toward the possession and use of weapons, as well as the benefits of weapons control measures within the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary context peacebuilding community disarmament\/small arm limitation advocate change public attitude toward possession use weapon well benefit weapon control measure within community ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Community involvement", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In the context of SALW, the term refers to a process designed to place the needs and priorities of affected communities at the centre of the planning, implementation and monitoring of SALW control and other sectors.\\nCommunity involvement is based on an exchange of information and involves communities in the decision-making process in order to establish priorities for SALW control. In this way, SALW control aims to be inclusive, community focused and ensure the maximum involvement of all sections of the community. This involvement includes joint planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of projects.\\nCommunity involvement also works with communities to develop specific interim safety strategies that encourage individual and community behavioural change. This is designed to reduce the impact of SALW on individuals and communities until such time as the threat is removed.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":30, "Sentence":"In the context of SALW, the term refers to a process designed to place the needs and priorities of affected communities at the centre of the planning, implementation and monitoring of SALW control and other sectors.\\nCommunity involvement is based on an exchange of information and involves communities in the decision-making process in order to establish priorities for SALW control.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary context salw term refers process designed place need priority affected community centre planning implementation monitoring salw control sectors.ncommunity involvement based exchange information involves community decisionmaking process order establish priority salw control ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Community involvement", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In the context of SALW, the term refers to a process designed to place the needs and priorities of affected communities at the centre of the planning, implementation and monitoring of SALW control and other sectors.\\nCommunity involvement is based on an exchange of information and involves communities in the decision-making process in order to establish priorities for SALW control. In this way, SALW control aims to be inclusive, community focused and ensure the maximum involvement of all sections of the community. This involvement includes joint planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of projects.\\nCommunity involvement also works with communities to develop specific interim safety strategies that encourage individual and community behavioural change. This is designed to reduce the impact of SALW on individuals and communities until such time as the threat is removed.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":30, "Sentence":"In this way, SALW control aims to be inclusive, community focused and ensure the maximum involvement of all sections of the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary way salw control aim inclusive community focused ensure maximum involvement section community ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Community involvement", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In the context of SALW, the term refers to a process designed to place the needs and priorities of affected communities at the centre of the planning, implementation and monitoring of SALW control and other sectors.\\nCommunity involvement is based on an exchange of information and involves communities in the decision-making process in order to establish priorities for SALW control. In this way, SALW control aims to be inclusive, community focused and ensure the maximum involvement of all sections of the community. This involvement includes joint planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of projects.\\nCommunity involvement also works with communities to develop specific interim safety strategies that encourage individual and community behavioural change. This is designed to reduce the impact of SALW on individuals and communities until such time as the threat is removed.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":30, "Sentence":"This involvement includes joint planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of projects.\\nCommunity involvement also works with communities to develop specific interim safety strategies that encourage individual and community behavioural change.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary involvement includes joint planning implementation monitoring evaluation projects.ncommunity involvement also work community develop specific interim safety strategy encourage individual community behavioural change ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Community involvement", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In the context of SALW, the term refers to a process designed to place the needs and priorities of affected communities at the centre of the planning, implementation and monitoring of SALW control and other sectors.\\nCommunity involvement is based on an exchange of information and involves communities in the decision-making process in order to establish priorities for SALW control. In this way, SALW control aims to be inclusive, community focused and ensure the maximum involvement of all sections of the community. This involvement includes joint planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of projects.\\nCommunity involvement also works with communities to develop specific interim safety strategies that encourage individual and community behavioural change. This is designed to reduce the impact of SALW on individuals and communities until such time as the threat is removed.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":30, "Sentence":"This is designed to reduce the impact of SALW on individuals and communities until such time as the threat is removed.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary designed reduce impact salw individual community time threat removed ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Community sensitization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Sensitizing a community before, during and after the DDR process is essentiallythe process of making community members (whether they are ex-combatantor not) aware of the effects and changes DDR creates within the community. for example, it will be important for the community to know that reintegrationcan be a long-term, challenging process before it leads to stability; that excombatants might not readily take on their new livelihoods; that local capacity building will be an important emphasis for community building, etc. Such messages to the community can be dispersed with media tools, such as television; radio, print and poster campaigns; community town halls, etc., ensuring that a community\u2019s specific needs are addressed throughout the DDR process. See also \u2018sensitization\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":31, "Sentence":"Sensitizing a community before, during and after the DDR process is essentiallythe process of making community members (whether they are ex-combatantor not) aware of the effects and changes DDR creates within the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary sensitizing community ddr process essentiallythe process making community member whether excombatantor aware effect change ddr creates within community ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Community sensitization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Sensitizing a community before, during and after the DDR process is essentiallythe process of making community members (whether they are ex-combatantor not) aware of the effects and changes DDR creates within the community. for example, it will be important for the community to know that reintegrationcan be a long-term, challenging process before it leads to stability; that excombatants might not readily take on their new livelihoods; that local capacity building will be an important emphasis for community building, etc. Such messages to the community can be dispersed with media tools, such as television; radio, print and poster campaigns; community town halls, etc., ensuring that a community\u2019s specific needs are addressed throughout the DDR process. See also \u2018sensitization\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":31, "Sentence":"for example, it will be important for the community to know that reintegrationcan be a long-term, challenging process before it leads to stability; that excombatants might not readily take on their new livelihoods; that local capacity building will be an important emphasis for community building, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary example important community know reintegrationcan longterm challenging process lead stability excombatants might readily take new livelihood local capacity building important emphasis community building etc ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Community sensitization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Sensitizing a community before, during and after the DDR process is essentiallythe process of making community members (whether they are ex-combatantor not) aware of the effects and changes DDR creates within the community. for example, it will be important for the community to know that reintegrationcan be a long-term, challenging process before it leads to stability; that excombatants might not readily take on their new livelihoods; that local capacity building will be an important emphasis for community building, etc. Such messages to the community can be dispersed with media tools, such as television; radio, print and poster campaigns; community town halls, etc., ensuring that a community\u2019s specific needs are addressed throughout the DDR process. See also \u2018sensitization\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":31, "Sentence":"Such messages to the community can be dispersed with media tools, such as television; radio, print and poster campaigns; community town halls, etc., ensuring that a community\u2019s specific needs are addressed throughout the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary message community dispersed medium tool television radio print poster campaign community town hall etc . ensuring community \u2019 specific need addressed throughout ddr process ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Community sensitization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Sensitizing a community before, during and after the DDR process is essentiallythe process of making community members (whether they are ex-combatantor not) aware of the effects and changes DDR creates within the community. for example, it will be important for the community to know that reintegrationcan be a long-term, challenging process before it leads to stability; that excombatants might not readily take on their new livelihoods; that local capacity building will be an important emphasis for community building, etc. Such messages to the community can be dispersed with media tools, such as television; radio, print and poster campaigns; community town halls, etc., ensuring that a community\u2019s specific needs are addressed throughout the DDR process. See also \u2018sensitization\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":31, "Sentence":"See also \u2018sensitization\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary see also \u2018 sensitization \u2019 ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Conflict prevention", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Taking measures to try and prevent violent confrontation.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":32, "Sentence":"Taking measures to try and prevent violent confrontation.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary taking measure try prevent violent confrontation ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Conflict reduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Process employed by States with the aim of diffusing tensions and building sustainable peace.\\nConflict reduction strategies may include programmes designed to build national and local capacity to settle disputes; encouraging the establishment of coordinated conflict prevention policies among international actors, and assisting countries in reducing the spread of arms.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":33, "Sentence":"Process employed by States with the aim of diffusing tensions and building sustainable peace.\\nConflict reduction strategies may include programmes designed to build national and local capacity to settle disputes; encouraging the establishment of coordinated conflict prevention policies among international actors, and assisting countries in reducing the spread of arms.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary process employed state aim diffusing tension building sustainable peace.nconflict reduction strategy may include programme designed build national local capacity settle dispute encouraging establishment coordinated conflict prevention policy among international actor assisting country reducing spread arm ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Conflict resolution", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Efforts designed to increase cooperation among the parties to a conflict and strengthen their relationships by building or deepening the institutions and processes through which the parties interact.conflict resolution is used to reduce the possibility of violence, or to consolidate the cessation of a violent conflict in an attempt to prevent its re-escalation.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":34, "Sentence":"Efforts designed to increase cooperation among the parties to a conflict and strengthen their relationships by building or deepening the institutions and processes through which the parties interact.conflict resolution is used to reduce the possibility of violence, or to consolidate the cessation of a violent conflict in an attempt to prevent its re-escalation.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary effort designed increase cooperation among party conflict strengthen relationship building deepening institution process party interact.conflict resolution used reduce possibility violence consolidate cessation violent conflict attempt prevent reescalation ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Cooperation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The process of combining separate actors (States\/members\/armies) to work together as a cohesive unit in attaining pre-defined goals.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":35, "Sentence":"The process of combining separate actors (States\/members\/armies) to work together as a cohesive unit in attaining pre-defined goals.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary process combining separate actor states\/members\/armies work together cohesive unit attaining predefined goal ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Coping mechanisms\/strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make Greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food, or (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, if they reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long term capacity to survive, and if they harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":36, "Sentence":"The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary method member household try deal crisis ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Coping mechanisms\/strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make Greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food, or (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, if they reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long term capacity to survive, and if they harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":36, "Sentence":"For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make Greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food, or (6) migrate.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary example time severe food insecurity household member may 1 make greater use normal wild food 2 plant crop 3 seek source income 4 rely gift remittance 5 sell asset buy food 6 migrate ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Coping mechanisms\/strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make Greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food, or (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, if they reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long term capacity to survive, and if they harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":36, "Sentence":"Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, if they reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long term capacity to survive, and if they harm the environment.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary coping mechanism discouraged lead disinvestment reduce household \u2019 capacity recover long term capacity survive harm environment ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Coping mechanisms\/strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make Greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food, or (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, if they reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long term capacity to survive, and if they harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":36, "Sentence":"Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary positive coping mechanism encouraged strengthened ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Counselling (HIV)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Support generally offered before and after a test in order to help individuals Understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or main\u00adtain an HIV-negative status. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support; and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and minimize the risk of transmission to others.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":37, "Sentence":"Support generally offered before and after a test in order to help individuals Understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or main\u00adtain an HIV-negative status.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary support generally offered test order help individual understand risk behaviour cope hivpositive result main\u00adtain hivnegative status ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Counselling (HIV)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Support generally offered before and after a test in order to help individuals Understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or main\u00adtain an HIV-negative status. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support; and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and minimize the risk of transmission to others.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":37, "Sentence":"The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support; and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and minimize the risk of transmission to others.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary counselling service also link individual option treatment care support provides information stay healthy possible minimize risk transmission others ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Crisis management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Actions undertaken by governments and non-governmental agencies in an attempt to respond to security problems, identify their root causes and buildinternational capacity to prevent conflicts from recurring.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":38, "Sentence":"Actions undertaken by governments and non-governmental agencies in an attempt to respond to security problems, identify their root causes and buildinternational capacity to prevent conflicts from recurring.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary action undertaken government nongovernmental agency attempt respond security problem identify root cause buildinternational capacity prevent conflict recurring ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Demilitarization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explo\u00adsives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre-processing operations that are equally as essential to achieving the final result.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":39, "Sentence":"The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explo\u00adsives unfit for their originally intended purpose.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary complete range process render weapon ammunition explo\u00adsives unfit originally intended purpose ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Demilitarization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explo\u00adsives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre-processing operations that are equally as essential to achieving the final result.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":39, "Sentence":"Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre-processing operations that are equally as essential to achieving the final result.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary demilitarization involves final destruction process also includes transport storage accounting preprocessing operation equally essential achieving final result ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Demobilization (see also \u2018Child demobilization\u2019)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"\u201cDemobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may extend from the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). the second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion\u201d (Secretary-General, note to the General Assembly, A\/C.5\/59\/31, May 2005).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":40, "Sentence":"\u201cDemobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary \u201c demobilization formal controlled discharge active combatant armed force armed group ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Demobilization (see also \u2018Child demobilization\u2019)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"\u201cDemobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may extend from the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). the second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion\u201d (Secretary-General, note to the General Assembly, A\/C.5\/59\/31, May 2005).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":40, "Sentence":"The first stage of demobilization may extend from the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary first stage demobilization may extend processing individual combatant temporary centre massing troop camp designated purpose cantonment site encampment assembly area barrack ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Demobilization (see also \u2018Child demobilization\u2019)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"\u201cDemobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may extend from the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). the second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion\u201d (Secretary-General, note to the General Assembly, A\/C.5\/59\/31, May 2005).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":40, "Sentence":"the second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion\u201d (Secretary-General, note to the General Assembly, A\/C.5\/59\/31, May 2005).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary second stage demobilization encompasses support package provided demobilized called reinsertion \u201d secretarygeneral note general assembly a\/c.5\/59\/31 may 2005 ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Dependant", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A civilian who depends upon a combatant for his\/her livelihood. This can include friends and relatives of the combatant, such as aged men and women, non-mobilized children, and women and girls. Some dependants may also be active members of a fighting force. For the purposes of DDR programming, such persons shall be considered combatants, not dependants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":41, "Sentence":"A civilian who depends upon a combatant for his\/her livelihood.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary civilian depends upon combatant his\/her livelihood ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Dependant", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A civilian who depends upon a combatant for his\/her livelihood. This can include friends and relatives of the combatant, such as aged men and women, non-mobilized children, and women and girls. Some dependants may also be active members of a fighting force. For the purposes of DDR programming, such persons shall be considered combatants, not dependants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":41, "Sentence":"This can include friends and relatives of the combatant, such as aged men and women, non-mobilized children, and women and girls.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary include friend relative combatant aged men woman nonmobilized child woman girl ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Dependant", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A civilian who depends upon a combatant for his\/her livelihood. This can include friends and relatives of the combatant, such as aged men and women, non-mobilized children, and women and girls. Some dependants may also be active members of a fighting force. For the purposes of DDR programming, such persons shall be considered combatants, not dependants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":41, "Sentence":"Some dependants may also be active members of a fighting force.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary dependant may also active member fighting force ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Dependant", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A civilian who depends upon a combatant for his\/her livelihood. This can include friends and relatives of the combatant, such as aged men and women, non-mobilized children, and women and girls. Some dependants may also be active members of a fighting force. For the purposes of DDR programming, such persons shall be considered combatants, not dependants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":41, "Sentence":"For the purposes of DDR programming, such persons shall be considered combatants, not dependants.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary purpose ddr programming person shall considered combatant dependant ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Destruction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The process of final conversion of weapons, ammunition and explosives into an inert state so that they can no longer function as designed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":42, "Sentence":"The process of final conversion of weapons, ammunition and explosives into an inert state so that they can no longer function as designed.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary process final conversion weapon ammunition explosive inert state longer function designed ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A detailed field assessment is essential to identify the nature of the problem a DDR programme is to deal with, as well as to provide key indicators for the development of a detailed DDR strategy and its associated components. detailed field assessments shall be undertaken to ensure that DDR strategies, programmes and implementation plans reflect realities, are well targeted and sustainable, and to assist with their monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":43, "Sentence":"A detailed field assessment is essential to identify the nature of the problem a DDR programme is to deal with, as well as to provide key indicators for the development of a detailed DDR strategy and its associated components.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary detailed field assessment essential identify nature problem ddr programme deal well provide key indicator development detailed ddr strategy associated component ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A detailed field assessment is essential to identify the nature of the problem a DDR programme is to deal with, as well as to provide key indicators for the development of a detailed DDR strategy and its associated components. detailed field assessments shall be undertaken to ensure that DDR strategies, programmes and implementation plans reflect realities, are well targeted and sustainable, and to assist with their monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":43, "Sentence":"detailed field assessments shall be undertaken to ensure that DDR strategies, programmes and implementation plans reflect realities, are well targeted and sustainable, and to assist with their monitoring and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary detailed field assessment shall undertaken ensure ddr strategy programme implementation plan reflect reality well targeted sustainable assist monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Disarmament", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"\u201cDisarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes\u201d (Secretary-General, note to the General Assembly, A\/C.5\/59\/31, May 2005). ", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":44, "Sentence":"\u201cDisarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary \u201c disarmament collection documentation control disposal small arm ammunition explosive light heavy weapon combatant often also civilian population ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Disarmament", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"\u201cDisarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes\u201d (Secretary-General, note to the General Assembly, A\/C.5\/59\/31, May 2005). ", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":44, "Sentence":"Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes\u201d (Secretary-General, note to the General Assembly, A\/C.5\/59\/31, May 2005).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary disarmament also includes development responsible arm management programme \u201d secretarygeneral note general assembly a\/c.5\/59\/31 may 2005 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A process that contributes to security and stability in a post-conflict recovery context by removing weapons from the hands of combatants, taking the combatants out of military structures and helping them to integrate socially and economically into society by finding civilian livelihoods. also see separate entries for \u2018disarmament\u2019, \u2018demobilization\u2019 and \u2018reintegration\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":45, "Sentence":"A process that contributes to security and stability in a post-conflict recovery context by removing weapons from the hands of combatants, taking the combatants out of military structures and helping them to integrate socially and economically into society by finding civilian livelihoods.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary process contributes security stability postconflict recovery context removing weapon hand combatant taking combatant military structure helping integrate socially economically society finding civilian livelihood ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A process that contributes to security and stability in a post-conflict recovery context by removing weapons from the hands of combatants, taking the combatants out of military structures and helping them to integrate socially and economically into society by finding civilian livelihoods. also see separate entries for \u2018disarmament\u2019, \u2018demobilization\u2019 and \u2018reintegration\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":45, "Sentence":"also see separate entries for \u2018disarmament\u2019, \u2018demobilization\u2019 and \u2018reintegration\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary also see separate entry \u2018 disarmament \u2019 \u2018 demobilization \u2019 \u2018 reintegration \u2019 ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Disposal", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The removal of ammunition and explosives from a stockpile using a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Logistic disposal may or may not require the use of render safe procedures.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":46, "Sentence":"The removal of ammunition and explosives from a stockpile using a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary removal ammunition explosive stockpile using variety method may necessarily involve destruction ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Disposal", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The removal of ammunition and explosives from a stockpile using a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Logistic disposal may or may not require the use of render safe procedures.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":46, "Sentence":"Logistic disposal may or may not require the use of render safe procedures.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary logistic disposal may may require use render safe procedure ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Diurnal cycling", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The exposure of ammunition and explosives to the temperature changes caused by day, night and change of season.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":47, "Sentence":"The exposure of ammunition and explosives to the temperature changes caused by day, night and change of season.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary exposure ammunition explosive temperature change caused day night change season ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"\u2018Do no harm\u2019 ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"An approach that tries to avoid unintended negative impacts of development and other interventions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":48, "Sentence":"An approach that tries to avoid unintended negative impacts of development and other interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary approach try avoid unintended negative impact development intervention ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Eligibility criteria ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Criteria that establish who will benefit from DDR assistance and who will not. there are five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in DDR programmes: (1) male and female adult combatants; (2) children associated with armed forces and groups; (3) those working in non-combat roles (including women); (4) ex-combatants with disabilities and chronic illnesses; and (5) dependants. \\nWhen deciding on who will benefit from DDR assistance, planners should be guided by three principles, which include: (1) focusing on improving security. DDR assistance should target groups that pose the greatest risk to peace, while paying careful attentions to laying the foundation for recovery and development; (2) balancing equity with security. Targeted assistance should be balanced against rewarding violence. Fairness should guide eligibility; and (3) achieving flexibility. \\nThe eligibility criteria are decided at the beginning of a DDR planning process and determine the cost, scope and duration of the DDR programme in question.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":49, "Sentence":"Criteria that establish who will benefit from DDR assistance and who will not.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary criterion establish benefit ddr assistance ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Eligibility criteria ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Criteria that establish who will benefit from DDR assistance and who will not. there are five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in DDR programmes: (1) male and female adult combatants; (2) children associated with armed forces and groups; (3) those working in non-combat roles (including women); (4) ex-combatants with disabilities and chronic illnesses; and (5) dependants. \\nWhen deciding on who will benefit from DDR assistance, planners should be guided by three principles, which include: (1) focusing on improving security. DDR assistance should target groups that pose the greatest risk to peace, while paying careful attentions to laying the foundation for recovery and development; (2) balancing equity with security. Targeted assistance should be balanced against rewarding violence. Fairness should guide eligibility; and (3) achieving flexibility. \\nThe eligibility criteria are decided at the beginning of a DDR planning process and determine the cost, scope and duration of the DDR programme in question.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":49, "Sentence":"there are five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in DDR programmes: (1) male and female adult combatants; (2) children associated with armed forces and groups; (3) those working in non-combat roles (including women); (4) ex-combatants with disabilities and chronic illnesses; and (5) dependants.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary five category people taken consideration ddr programme 1 male female adult combatant 2 child associated armed force group 3 working noncombat role including woman 4 excombatants disability chronic illness 5 dependant ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Eligibility criteria ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Criteria that establish who will benefit from DDR assistance and who will not. there are five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in DDR programmes: (1) male and female adult combatants; (2) children associated with armed forces and groups; (3) those working in non-combat roles (including women); (4) ex-combatants with disabilities and chronic illnesses; and (5) dependants. \\nWhen deciding on who will benefit from DDR assistance, planners should be guided by three principles, which include: (1) focusing on improving security. DDR assistance should target groups that pose the greatest risk to peace, while paying careful attentions to laying the foundation for recovery and development; (2) balancing equity with security. Targeted assistance should be balanced against rewarding violence. Fairness should guide eligibility; and (3) achieving flexibility. \\nThe eligibility criteria are decided at the beginning of a DDR planning process and determine the cost, scope and duration of the DDR programme in question.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":49, "Sentence":"\\nWhen deciding on who will benefit from DDR assistance, planners should be guided by three principles, which include: (1) focusing on improving security.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary nwhen deciding benefit ddr assistance planner guided three principle include 1 focusing improving security ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Eligibility criteria ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Criteria that establish who will benefit from DDR assistance and who will not. there are five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in DDR programmes: (1) male and female adult combatants; (2) children associated with armed forces and groups; (3) those working in non-combat roles (including women); (4) ex-combatants with disabilities and chronic illnesses; and (5) dependants. \\nWhen deciding on who will benefit from DDR assistance, planners should be guided by three principles, which include: (1) focusing on improving security. DDR assistance should target groups that pose the greatest risk to peace, while paying careful attentions to laying the foundation for recovery and development; (2) balancing equity with security. Targeted assistance should be balanced against rewarding violence. Fairness should guide eligibility; and (3) achieving flexibility. \\nThe eligibility criteria are decided at the beginning of a DDR planning process and determine the cost, scope and duration of the DDR programme in question.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":49, "Sentence":"DDR assistance should target groups that pose the greatest risk to peace, while paying careful attentions to laying the foundation for recovery and development; (2) balancing equity with security.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary ddr assistance target group pose greatest risk peace paying careful attention laying foundation recovery development 2 balancing equity security ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Eligibility criteria ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Criteria that establish who will benefit from DDR assistance and who will not. there are five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in DDR programmes: (1) male and female adult combatants; (2) children associated with armed forces and groups; (3) those working in non-combat roles (including women); (4) ex-combatants with disabilities and chronic illnesses; and (5) dependants. \\nWhen deciding on who will benefit from DDR assistance, planners should be guided by three principles, which include: (1) focusing on improving security. DDR assistance should target groups that pose the greatest risk to peace, while paying careful attentions to laying the foundation for recovery and development; (2) balancing equity with security. Targeted assistance should be balanced against rewarding violence. Fairness should guide eligibility; and (3) achieving flexibility. \\nThe eligibility criteria are decided at the beginning of a DDR planning process and determine the cost, scope and duration of the DDR programme in question.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":49, "Sentence":"Targeted assistance should be balanced against rewarding violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary targeted assistance balanced rewarding violence ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Eligibility criteria ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Criteria that establish who will benefit from DDR assistance and who will not. there are five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in DDR programmes: (1) male and female adult combatants; (2) children associated with armed forces and groups; (3) those working in non-combat roles (including women); (4) ex-combatants with disabilities and chronic illnesses; and (5) dependants. \\nWhen deciding on who will benefit from DDR assistance, planners should be guided by three principles, which include: (1) focusing on improving security. DDR assistance should target groups that pose the greatest risk to peace, while paying careful attentions to laying the foundation for recovery and development; (2) balancing equity with security. Targeted assistance should be balanced against rewarding violence. Fairness should guide eligibility; and (3) achieving flexibility. \\nThe eligibility criteria are decided at the beginning of a DDR planning process and determine the cost, scope and duration of the DDR programme in question.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":49, "Sentence":"Fairness should guide eligibility; and (3) achieving flexibility.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary fairness guide eligibility 3 achieving flexibility ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Eligibility criteria ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Criteria that establish who will benefit from DDR assistance and who will not. there are five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in DDR programmes: (1) male and female adult combatants; (2) children associated with armed forces and groups; (3) those working in non-combat roles (including women); (4) ex-combatants with disabilities and chronic illnesses; and (5) dependants. \\nWhen deciding on who will benefit from DDR assistance, planners should be guided by three principles, which include: (1) focusing on improving security. DDR assistance should target groups that pose the greatest risk to peace, while paying careful attentions to laying the foundation for recovery and development; (2) balancing equity with security. Targeted assistance should be balanced against rewarding violence. Fairness should guide eligibility; and (3) achieving flexibility. \\nThe eligibility criteria are decided at the beginning of a DDR planning process and determine the cost, scope and duration of the DDR programme in question.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":49, "Sentence":"\\nThe eligibility criteria are decided at the beginning of a DDR planning process and determine the cost, scope and duration of the DDR programme in question.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary nthe eligibility criterion decided beginning ddr planning process determine cost scope duration ddr programme question ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Employability", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A combination of skills, knowledge and attitudes that improve a person\u2019s ability to secure and retain a job, progress at work and cope with change, secure alternative employment if he\/she so wishes or has been laid off, and enter more easily into the labour market at different periods of his\/her working life.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":50, "Sentence":"A combination of skills, knowledge and attitudes that improve a person\u2019s ability to secure and retain a job, progress at work and cope with change, secure alternative employment if he\/she so wishes or has been laid off, and enter more easily into the labour market at different periods of his\/her working life.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary combination skill knowledge attitude improve person \u2019 ability secure retain job progress work cope change secure alternative employment he\/she wish laid enter easily labour market different period his\/her working life ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Empowerment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self-reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However,institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups. Empowerment of recipients, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures must be taken to ensure no particular Group is disempowered or excluded through the DDR process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":51, "Sentence":"Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self-reliance.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary refers woman men taking control life setting agenda gaining skill building selfconfidence solving problem developing selfreliance ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Empowerment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self-reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However,institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups. Empowerment of recipients, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures must be taken to ensure no particular Group is disempowered or excluded through the DDR process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":51, "Sentence":"No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary one empower another individual empower make choice speak ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Empowerment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self-reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However,institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups. Empowerment of recipients, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures must be taken to ensure no particular Group is disempowered or excluded through the DDR process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":51, "Sentence":"However,institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary howeverinstitutions including international cooperation agency support process nurture selfempowerment individual group ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Empowerment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self-reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However,institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups. Empowerment of recipients, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures must be taken to ensure no particular Group is disempowered or excluded through the DDR process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":51, "Sentence":"Empowerment of recipients, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures must be taken to ensure no particular Group is disempowered or excluded through the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary empowerment recipient regardless gender central goal ddr intervention measure must taken ensure particular group disempowered excluded ddr process ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Evaluation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Evaluation is a management tool. It is a time-bound activity that systematically and objectively assesses the relevance, performance and success of ongoing and completed programmes and projects. Evaluation is carried out selectively, asking and answering specific questions to guide decision makers and\/or programme managers. Evaluation determines the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability of a programme or project.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":52, "Sentence":"Evaluation is a management tool.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary evaluation management tool ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Evaluation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Evaluation is a management tool. It is a time-bound activity that systematically and objectively assesses the relevance, performance and success of ongoing and completed programmes and projects. Evaluation is carried out selectively, asking and answering specific questions to guide decision makers and\/or programme managers. Evaluation determines the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability of a programme or project.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":52, "Sentence":"It is a time-bound activity that systematically and objectively assesses the relevance, performance and success of ongoing and completed programmes and projects.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary timebound activity systematically objectively ass relevance performance success ongoing completed programme project ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Evaluation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Evaluation is a management tool. It is a time-bound activity that systematically and objectively assesses the relevance, performance and success of ongoing and completed programmes and projects. Evaluation is carried out selectively, asking and answering specific questions to guide decision makers and\/or programme managers. Evaluation determines the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability of a programme or project.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":52, "Sentence":"Evaluation is carried out selectively, asking and answering specific questions to guide decision makers and\/or programme managers.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary evaluation carried selectively asking answering specific question guide decision maker and\/or programme manager ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Evaluation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Evaluation is a management tool. It is a time-bound activity that systematically and objectively assesses the relevance, performance and success of ongoing and completed programmes and projects. Evaluation is carried out selectively, asking and answering specific questions to guide decision makers and\/or programme managers. Evaluation determines the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability of a programme or project.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":52, "Sentence":"Evaluation determines the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability of a programme or project.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary evaluation determines relevance efficiency effectiveness impact sustainability programme project ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Exclusion from protection as a refugee", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would otherwise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non-political crime or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":53, "Sentence":"This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would otherwise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non-political crime or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary provided legal provision refugee law deny benefit international protection person would otherwise satisfy criterion refugee status including person respect serious reason considering committed crime peace war crime crime humanity serious nonpolitical crime act contrary purpose principle un ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Ex-combatan", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process. Former combatant status may be certified through a demobilisation process by a recognised authority. Spontaneously auto-demobilised individuals, such as deserters, may also be considered ex-combatants if proof of non-combatant status over a period of time can be given.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":54, "Sentence":"A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary person assumed responsibility carried activity mentioned definition \u2018 combatant \u2019 laid surrendered his\/her arm view entering ddr process ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Ex-combatan", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process. Former combatant status may be certified through a demobilisation process by a recognised authority. Spontaneously auto-demobilised individuals, such as deserters, may also be considered ex-combatants if proof of non-combatant status over a period of time can be given.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":54, "Sentence":"Former combatant status may be certified through a demobilisation process by a recognised authority.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary former combatant status may certified demobilisation process recognised authority ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Ex-combatan", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process. Former combatant status may be certified through a demobilisation process by a recognised authority. Spontaneously auto-demobilised individuals, such as deserters, may also be considered ex-combatants if proof of non-combatant status over a period of time can be given.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":54, "Sentence":"Spontaneously auto-demobilised individuals, such as deserters, may also be considered ex-combatants if proof of non-combatant status over a period of time can be given.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary spontaneously autodemobilised individual deserter may also considered excombatants proof noncombatant status period time given ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of such explosive ordnance, which has become hazardous by damage or deterioration, when the disposal of such explosive ordnance is beyond the capabilities of those personnel normally assigned the responsibility for routine disposal. The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations will inevitably require some degree of EOD response. The level of this response will depend on the condition of the ammunition, its level of deterioration and the way that the local community handles it", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":55, "Sentence":"It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of such explosive ordnance, which has become hazardous by damage or deterioration, when the disposal of such explosive ordnance is beyond the capabilities of those personnel normally assigned the responsibility for routine disposal.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary may also include rendering safe and\/or disposal explosive ordnance become hazardous damage deterioration disposal explosive ordnance beyond capability personnel normally assigned responsibility routine disposal ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of such explosive ordnance, which has become hazardous by damage or deterioration, when the disposal of such explosive ordnance is beyond the capabilities of those personnel normally assigned the responsibility for routine disposal. The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations will inevitably require some degree of EOD response. The level of this response will depend on the condition of the ammunition, its level of deterioration and the way that the local community handles it", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":55, "Sentence":"The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations will inevitably require some degree of EOD response.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary presence ammunition explosive disarmament operation inevitably require degree eod response ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of such explosive ordnance, which has become hazardous by damage or deterioration, when the disposal of such explosive ordnance is beyond the capabilities of those personnel normally assigned the responsibility for routine disposal. The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations will inevitably require some degree of EOD response. The level of this response will depend on the condition of the ammunition, its level of deterioration and the way that the local community handles it", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":55, "Sentence":"The level of this response will depend on the condition of the ammunition, its level of deterioration and the way that the local community handles it", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary level response depend condition ammunition level deterioration way local community handle" }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Explosives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Substances or mixtures of substances that, under external influences, are capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":56, "Sentence":"Substances or mixtures of substances that, under external influences, are capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary substance mixture substance external influence capable rapidly releasing energy form gas heat ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"False negative\/positive", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":57, "Sentence":"HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary hiv test result wrong either giving negative result person hivpositive positive result person hivnegative" }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Finance and Management Support Service (FMSS) ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The office in the Office of Mission Support (OMS) in DPKO mandated to provide financial management and support services to peacekeeping, peacemaking and preventive diplomacy operations, and trust funds related to peacekeeping and peacemaking activities from start-up through closure and liquidation", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":58, "Sentence":"The office in the Office of Mission Support (OMS) in DPKO mandated to provide financial management and support services to peacekeeping, peacemaking and preventive diplomacy operations, and trust funds related to peacekeeping and peacemaking activities from start-up through closure and liquidation", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary office office mission support oms dpko mandated provide financial management support service peacekeeping peacemaking preventive diplomacy operation trust fund related peacekeeping peacemaking activity startup closure liquidation" }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Food for training (FFT) ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Programme in which food is supplied on condition that the recipient attends a training programme", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":59, "Sentence":"Programme in which food is supplied on condition that the recipient attends a training programme", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary programme food supplied condition recipient attends training programme" }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Food for work (FFW)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"FFW projects and activities are those in which food is given as full or part payment for work performed in the context of a supervised work programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":60, "Sentence":"FFW projects and activities are those in which food is given as full or part payment for work performed in the context of a supervised work programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary ffw project activity food given full part payment work performed context supervised work programme ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Food insecurity", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A situation where people lack secure access to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food for normal growth and development, and an active and healthy life. Food insecurity may be caused by the unavailability of food, insufficient purchasing power, inappropriate distribution, or inadequate use of food at the household level", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":61, "Sentence":"A situation where people lack secure access to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food for normal growth and development, and an active and healthy life.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary situation people lack secure access sufficient amount safe nutritious food normal growth development active healthy life ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Food insecurity", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A situation where people lack secure access to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food for normal growth and development, and an active and healthy life. Food insecurity may be caused by the unavailability of food, insufficient purchasing power, inappropriate distribution, or inadequate use of food at the household level", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":61, "Sentence":"Food insecurity may be caused by the unavailability of food, insufficient purchasing power, inappropriate distribution, or inadequate use of food at the household level", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary food insecurity may caused unavailability food insufficient purchasing power inappropriate distribution inadequate use food household level" }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Food security", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Note: This definition includes the following three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food; adequate access to food; and appropriate utilization of food.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":62, "Sentence":"A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary situation people time physical social economic access sufficient safe nutritious food meet dietary need food preference active healthy life ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Food security", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Note: This definition includes the following three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food; adequate access to food; and appropriate utilization of food.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":62, "Sentence":"Note: This definition includes the following three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food; adequate access to food; and appropriate utilization of food.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary note definition includes following three key dimension food security sufficient availability food adequate access food appropriate utilization food ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Foreign former combatant", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A person who previously met the definition of a combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him-\/herself.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":63, "Sentence":"A person who previously met the definition of a combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him-\/herself.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary person previously met definition combatant since disarmed genuinely demobilized national country he\/she find him\/herself ." }, { "ID":64, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Formed police unit (FPU)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A self-contained police unit of 125 officers capable of providing a range of tactical options, including an effective public order function.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":64, "Sentence":"A self-contained police unit of 125 officers capable of providing a range of tactical options, including an effective public order function.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary selfcontained police unit 125 officer capable providing range tactical option including effective public order function ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Former combatant", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"See \u2018ex-combatant\u2019", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":65, "Sentence":"See \u2018ex-combatant\u2019", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary see \u2018 excombatant \u2019" }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially constructed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age. The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s subordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever. As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibilities within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender relations in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":66, "Sentence":"The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary social attribute opportunity associated male female relationship woman men girl boy well relation woman men ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially constructed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age. The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s subordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever. As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibilities within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender relations in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":66, "Sentence":"These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially constructed and are learned through socialization processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary attribute opportunity relationship socially constructed learned socialization process ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially constructed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age. The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s subordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever. As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibilities within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender relations in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":66, "Sentence":"They are context\/time-specific and changeable.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary context\/timespecific changeable ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially constructed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age. The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s subordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever. As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibilities within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender relations in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":66, "Sentence":"Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary gender part broader sociocultural context ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially constructed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age. The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s subordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever. As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibilities within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender relations in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":66, "Sentence":"Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary important criterion sociocultural analysis include class race poverty level ethnic group age ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially constructed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age. The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s subordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever. As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibilities within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender relations in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":66, "Sentence":"The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary concept gender also includes expectation held characteristic aptitude likely behaviour woman men femininity masculinity ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially constructed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age. The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s subordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever. As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibilities within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender relations in society. 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These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially constructed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age. The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s subordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever. As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibilities within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender relations in society. 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Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age. The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s subordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever. As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibilities within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender relations in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":66, "Sentence":"It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary biologically predetermined fixed forever ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially constructed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age. The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s subordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever. As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibilities within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender relations in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":66, "Sentence":"As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibilities within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender relations in society.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary group interaction among armed force group member \u2019 role responsibility within group interaction member armed forces\/groups policy decision maker heavily influenced prevailing gender role gender relation society ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially constructed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age. The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s subordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever. As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibilities within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender relations in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":66, "Sentence":"In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary fact gender role significantly affect behaviour individual even sexsegregated environment allmale cadre ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender analysis", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. 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Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions. In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":67, "Sentence":"Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary men woman perform different role society armed group force ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender analysis", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. 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In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":67, "Sentence":"In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary context ddr gender analysis used design policy intervention reflect different role capacity need woman men girl boy ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender balance", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":68, "Sentence":"The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary objective achieving representational number woman men among staff ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender balance", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. 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The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. 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Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the diversity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sustainable people-centred development.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":69, "Sentence":"The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and Girls and boys.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary equal right responsibility opportunity woman men girl boy ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender equality", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and Girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the diversity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sustainable people-centred development.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":69, "Sentence":"Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary equality mean woman men become woman \u2019 men \u2019 right responsibility opportunity depend whether born male female ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender equality", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and Girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the diversity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sustainable people-centred development.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":69, "Sentence":"Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the diversity of different groups of women and men.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary gender equality implies interest need priority woman men taken consideration recognizing diversity different group woman men ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender equality", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and Girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the diversity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sustainable people-centred development.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":69, "Sentence":"Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary gender equality woman \u2019 issue concern fully engage men well woman ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender equality", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and Girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the diversity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sustainable people-centred development.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":69, "Sentence":"Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sustainable people-centred development.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary equality woman men seen human right issue precondition indicator sustainable peoplecentred development ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender equity", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. equity is a means; equality is the result.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":70, "Sentence":"The process of being fair to men and women.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary process fair men woman ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender equity", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. equity is a means; equality is the result.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":70, "Sentence":"To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary ensure fairness measure must often put place compensate historical social disadvantage prevent woman men operating level playing field ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender equity", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. equity is a means; equality is the result.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":70, "Sentence":"equity is a means; equality is the result.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary equity mean equality result ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender mainstreaming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Defined by the 52nd Session of ECOSOC in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres, so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of gender mainstreaming is to achieve gender equality.\u201d Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gender equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, therefore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":71, "Sentence":"Defined by the 52nd Session of ECOSOC in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary defined 52nd session ecosoc 1997 \u201c process assessing implication woman men planned action including legislation policy programme area level ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender mainstreaming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Defined by the 52nd Session of ECOSOC in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres, so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of gender mainstreaming is to achieve gender equality.\u201d Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gender equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, therefore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":71, "Sentence":"It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres, so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary strategy making woman \u2019 well men \u2019 concern experience integral dimension design implementation monitoring evaluation policy programme political economic societal sphere woman men benefit equally inequality perpetrated ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender mainstreaming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Defined by the 52nd Session of ECOSOC in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres, so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of gender mainstreaming is to achieve gender equality.\u201d Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gender equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, therefore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":71, "Sentence":"The ultimate goal of gender mainstreaming is to achieve gender equality.\u201d Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gender equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary ultimate goal gender mainstreaming achieve gender equality. \u201d gender mainstreaming emerged major strategy achieving gender equality following fourth world conference woman held beijing 1995 ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender mainstreaming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Defined by the 52nd Session of ECOSOC in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres, so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of gender mainstreaming is to achieve gender equality.\u201d Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gender equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, therefore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":71, "Sentence":"In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, therefore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary context ddr gender mainstreaming necessary order ensure woman girl receive equitable access assistance programme package therefore essential component ddrrelated intervention ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender mainstreaming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Defined by the 52nd Session of ECOSOC in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres, so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of gender mainstreaming is to achieve gender equality.\u201d Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gender equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, therefore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":71, "Sentence":"In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary order maximize impact gender mainstreaming effort complemented activity directly tailored marginalized segment intended beneficiary group ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender relations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The social relationships among men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how it is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":72, "Sentence":"The social relationships among men, women, girls and boys.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary social relationship among men woman girl boy ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender relations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The social relationships among men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how it is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":72, "Sentence":"Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how it is translated into different positions in society.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary gender relation shape power distributed among woman men girl boy translated different position society ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender relations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The social relationships among men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how it is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":72, "Sentence":"Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary gender relation generally fluid vary depending social relation class race ethnicity etc ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender-aware policies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They further recognize that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\nGender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\nGender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\nGender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselve", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":73, "Sentence":"Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary policy utilize gender analysis formulation design recognize gender difference term need interest priority power role ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender-aware policies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They further recognize that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\nGender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\nGender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\nGender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselve", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":73, "Sentence":"They further recognize that both men and women are active development actors for their community.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary recognize men woman active development actor community ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender-aware policies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They further recognize that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\nGender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\nGender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\nGender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselve", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":73, "Sentence":"Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\nGender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary genderaware policy divided following three policy ngenderneutral policy use knowledge gender difference society reduce bias development work order enable woman men meet practical gender need ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender-aware policies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They further recognize that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\nGender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\nGender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\nGender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselve", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":73, "Sentence":"\\nGender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary ngenderspecific policy based understanding existing gendered division resource responsibility gender power relation ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender-aware policies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They further recognize that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\nGender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\nGender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\nGender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselve", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":73, "Sentence":"These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary policy use knowledge gender difference respond practical gender need woman men ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender-aware policies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They further recognize that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\nGender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\nGender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\nGender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselve", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":73, "Sentence":"\\nGender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary ngendertransformative policy consist intervention attempt transform existing distribution power resource create balanced relationship among woman men girl boy responding strategic gender need ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender-aware policies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They further recognize that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\nGender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\nGender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\nGender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselve", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":73, "Sentence":"These policies can target both sexes together, or separately.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary policy target sex together separately ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender-aware policies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They further recognize that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\nGender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\nGender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\nGender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselve", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":73, "Sentence":"Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselve", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary intervention may focus woman \u2019 and\/or men \u2019 practical gender need objective creating conducive environment woman men empower themselve" }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender-responsive DDR programmes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Programmes that are planned, implemented, monitored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":74, "Sentence":"Programmes that are planned, implemented, monitored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary programme planned implemented monitored evaluated genderresponsive manner meet different need female male excombatants supporter dependant ." }, { "ID":75, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gender-responsive objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Programme and project objectives that are non-discriminatory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":75, "Sentence":"Programme and project objectives that are non-discriminatory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary programme project objective nondiscriminatory equally benefit woman men aim correcting gender imbalance ." }, { "ID":76, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gendered division of labour", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"This is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender. Atten\u00adtion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration opportunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":76, "Sentence":"This is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary result society divide work men woman according considered suitable appropriate gender ." }, { "ID":76, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Gendered division of labour", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"This is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender. Atten\u00adtion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration opportunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":76, "Sentence":"Atten\u00adtion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration opportunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary atten\u00adtion gendered division labour essential determining reintegration opportunity male female excombatants including woman girl associated armed force group noncombat role dependant ." }, { "ID":77, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Harm", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":77, "Sentence":"Physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary physical injury damage health people damage property environment iso guide 51 1999e ." }, { "ID":78, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Harmful event", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Occurrence in which a hazardous situation results in harm (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":78, "Sentence":"Occurrence in which a hazardous situation results in harm (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary occurrence hazardous situation result harm iso guide 51 1999e ." }, { "ID":79, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Hazard", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Potential source of harm (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":79, "Sentence":"Potential source of harm (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary potential source harm iso guide 51 1999e ." }, { "ID":80, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Hazardous situation ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Circumstance in which people, property or the environment are exposed to one or more hazards (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":80, "Sentence":"Circumstance in which people, property or the environment are exposed to one or more hazards (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary circumstance people property environment exposed one hazard iso guide 51 1999e ." }, { "ID":81, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"HIV", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":81, "Sentence":"Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary human immunodeficiency virus virus cause aid ." }, { "ID":82, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"HIV confirmation tests", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV-test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further different rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":82, "Sentence":"According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV-test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further different rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary according who\/unaids recommendation positive hivtest result whether elisa enzymelinked immunabsorbent assay simple\/rapid test confirmed using second different test confirm accuracy two different rapid test laboratory facility available ." }, { "ID":83, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"HIV counselling", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a voluntary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post-test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":83, "Sentence":"Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary counselling generally offered hiv test order help individual understand risk behaviour cope hivpositive result stay hivnegative ." }, { "ID":83, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"HIV counselling", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a voluntary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post-test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":83, "Sentence":"The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary counselling service also link individual option treatment care support provides information stay healthy possible minimize risk transmission others ." }, { "ID":83, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"HIV counselling", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a voluntary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post-test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":83, "Sentence":"Test results shall be confidential.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary test result shall confidential ." }, { "ID":83, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"HIV counselling", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a voluntary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post-test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":83, "Sentence":"Usually a voluntary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post-test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary usually voluntary counselling testing service package ensures hiv test voluntary pre posttest counselling offered informed consent obtained agreement medical test procedure clear explanation risk benefit hiv test performed using approved hiv test kit following testing protocol ." }, { "ID":84, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"HIV-negative result", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":84, "Sentence":"The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary hiv test detect antibody blood ." }, { "ID":84, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"HIV-negative result", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":84, "Sentence":"This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary either mean person infected virus time test he\/she \u2018 window period \u2019 i.e . false negative see ." }, { "ID":84, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"HIV-negative result", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":84, "Sentence":"It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary mean he\/she immune virus ." }, { "ID":85, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"HIV-positive result ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/ her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":85, "Sentence":"A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/ her blood and is infected with HIV.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary positive hiv test result mean person hiv antibody his\/ blood infected hiv ." }, { "ID":85, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"HIV-positive result ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/ her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":85, "Sentence":"It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary mean he\/she aid ." }, { "ID":86, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"HIV test", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\nHIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\nSimple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":86, "Sentence":"Usually a test for the presence of antibodies.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary usually test presence antibody ." }, { "ID":86, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"HIV test", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\nHIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\nSimple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":86, "Sentence":"There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\nHIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\nSimple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary two main method hiv testing nhiv elisa enzymelinked immunoabsorbent assay test efficient test testing large number per day requires laboratory facility equipment maintenance staff reliable power supply nsimple\/rapid hiv test require special equipment highly trained staff accurate elisa ." }, { "ID":86, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"HIV test", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\nHIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\nSimple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":86, "Sentence":"Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary rapid test usually give result approximately 30 minute easy perform ." }, { "ID":86, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"HIV test", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\nHIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\nSimple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":86, "Sentence":"Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary suitable combination three simple\/rapid test recommended facility elisa elisa\/western blot testing available ." }, { "ID":87, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Host country", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":87, "Sentence":"A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary foreign country whose territory combatant cross ." }, { "ID":88, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Human capital", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The knowledge, skills, competencies and other attributes embodied in individuals that are relevant to economic activity. (Duration of schooling and levels of qualification are the standard measures.)", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":88, "Sentence":"The knowledge, skills, competencies and other attributes embodied in individuals that are relevant to economic activity.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary knowledge skill competency attribute embodied individual relevant economic activity ." }, { "ID":88, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Human capital", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The knowledge, skills, competencies and other attributes embodied in individuals that are relevant to economic activity. (Duration of schooling and levels of qualification are the standard measures.)", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":88, "Sentence":"(Duration of schooling and levels of qualification are the standard measures.)", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary duration schooling level qualification standard measure ." }, { "ID":89, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Human security", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Constitutes (1) safety from chronic threats, such as hunger, disease and repression, and (2) protection from sudden and hurtful disruptions in the patterns of daily life. Although the scope of human security is vast, it can be divided into seven areas: economic security (freedom from poverty), food security (access to food), health security (access to health care and protection from diseases), environmental security (protection from the danger of environmental pollution), personal security (physical protection against torture, war, criminal attacks, domestic violence, etc.), community security (survival of traditional cultures and ethnic groups) and political security (civil and political rights, freedom from political oppression).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":89, "Sentence":"Constitutes (1) safety from chronic threats, such as hunger, disease and repression, and (2) protection from sudden and hurtful disruptions in the patterns of daily life.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary constitutes 1 safety chronic threat hunger disease repression 2 protection sudden hurtful disruption pattern daily life ." }, { "ID":89, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Human security", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Constitutes (1) safety from chronic threats, such as hunger, disease and repression, and (2) protection from sudden and hurtful disruptions in the patterns of daily life. Although the scope of human security is vast, it can be divided into seven areas: economic security (freedom from poverty), food security (access to food), health security (access to health care and protection from diseases), environmental security (protection from the danger of environmental pollution), personal security (physical protection against torture, war, criminal attacks, domestic violence, etc.), community security (survival of traditional cultures and ethnic groups) and political security (civil and political rights, freedom from political oppression).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":89, "Sentence":"Although the scope of human security is vast, it can be divided into seven areas: economic security (freedom from poverty), food security (access to food), health security (access to health care and protection from diseases), environmental security (protection from the danger of environmental pollution), personal security (physical protection against torture, war, criminal attacks, domestic violence, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary although scope human security vast divided seven area economic security freedom poverty food security access food health security access health care protection disease environmental security protection danger environmental pollution personal security physical protection torture war criminal attack domestic violence etc ." }, { "ID":89, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Human security", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Constitutes (1) safety from chronic threats, such as hunger, disease and repression, and (2) protection from sudden and hurtful disruptions in the patterns of daily life. Although the scope of human security is vast, it can be divided into seven areas: economic security (freedom from poverty), food security (access to food), health security (access to health care and protection from diseases), environmental security (protection from the danger of environmental pollution), personal security (physical protection against torture, war, criminal attacks, domestic violence, etc.), community security (survival of traditional cultures and ethnic groups) and political security (civil and political rights, freedom from political oppression).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":89, "Sentence":"), community security (survival of traditional cultures and ethnic groups) and political security (civil and political rights, freedom from political oppression).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary community security survival traditional culture ethnic group political security civil political right freedom political oppression ." }, { "ID":90, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Implementation plan", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Also known as an operations or action plan, an implementation plan describes the detailed steps necessary to implement programme activities, together with a division of labour and overall time-frame.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":90, "Sentence":"Also known as an operations or action plan, an implementation plan describes the detailed steps necessary to implement programme activities, together with a division of labour and overall time-frame.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary also known operation action plan implementation plan describes detailed step necessary implement programme activity together division labour overall timeframe ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Implementing partner", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Organizations and agencies that execute programmes and services within UN-supported DDR operations. The presence and capacity of implementing partners varies significantly in different countries and may include national authorities, UN missions and agencies, national and international NGOs, community-based organizations and local businesses.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":91, "Sentence":"Organizations and agencies that execute programmes and services within UN-supported DDR operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary organization agency execute programme service within unsupported ddr operation ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Implementing partner", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Organizations and agencies that execute programmes and services within UN-supported DDR operations. The presence and capacity of implementing partners varies significantly in different countries and may include national authorities, UN missions and agencies, national and international NGOs, community-based organizations and local businesses.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":91, "Sentence":"The presence and capacity of implementing partners varies significantly in different countries and may include national authorities, UN missions and agencies, national and international NGOs, community-based organizations and local businesses.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary presence capacity implementing partner varies significantly different country may include national authority un mission agency national international ngo communitybased organization local business ." }, { "ID":92, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Incentives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Acts or conditions that encourage the achievement of a goal.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":92, "Sentence":"Acts or conditions that encourage the achievement of a goal.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary act condition encourage achievement goal ." }, { "ID":93, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Inconclusive (indeterminate) test", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclusive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":93, "Sentence":"A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclusive.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary small percentage hiv test result inconclusive ." }, { "ID":93, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Inconclusive (indeterminate) test", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclusive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":93, "Sentence":"This means that the result is neither positive nor negative.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary mean result neither positive negative ." }, { "ID":93, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Inconclusive (indeterminate) test", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclusive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":93, "Sentence":"This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary may due number factor related hiv infection person early stage infection insufficient hiv antibody present give positive result ." }, { "ID":93, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Inconclusive (indeterminate) test", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclusive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":93, "Sentence":"If this happens the test must be repeated.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary happens test must repeated ." }, { "ID":94, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Incubation period", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Time period between first infection by the disease agent and the appearance of disease symptoms. With HIV, this can vary from months to many years.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":94, "Sentence":"Time period between first infection by the disease agent and the appearance of disease symptoms.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary time period first infection disease agent appearance disease symptom ." }, { "ID":94, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Incubation period", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Time period between first infection by the disease agent and the appearance of disease symptoms. With HIV, this can vary from months to many years.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":94, "Sentence":"With HIV, this can vary from months to many years.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary hiv vary month many year ." }, { "ID":95, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Indicator", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Quantitative or qualitative factor or variable that provides a simple and reliable means to measure achievement, to reflect changes connected to an intervention, or to help assess the performance of a given development or aid factor.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":95, "Sentence":"Quantitative or qualitative factor or variable that provides a simple and reliable means to measure achievement, to reflect changes connected to an intervention, or to help assess the performance of a given development or aid factor.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary quantitative qualitative factor variable provides simple reliable mean measure achievement reflect change connected intervention help ass performance given development aid factor ." }, { "ID":96, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"nformation, education and communication (IEC)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":96, "Sentence":"The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary development communication strategy support material based formative research designed impact level knowledge influence behaviour among specific group ." }, { "ID":97, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The co-operative implementation of policies, structures and processes that support effective disarmament, demobilization and reintegration operations within a peacekeeping environment.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":97, "Sentence":"The co-operative implementation of policies, structures and processes that support effective disarmament, demobilization and reintegration operations within a peacekeeping environment.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary cooperative implementation policy structure process support effective disarmament demobilization reintegration operation within peacekeeping environment ." }, { "ID":98, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Integration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The implementation of policies and processes, in pursuit of a common strategic aim, that provide mechanisms for mutually beneficial cooperation.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":98, "Sentence":"The implementation of policies and processes, in pursuit of a common strategic aim, that provide mechanisms for mutually beneficial cooperation.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary implementation policy process pursuit common strategic aim provide mechanism mutually beneficial cooperation ." }, { "ID":99, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Internally displaced persons (IDPs)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement)", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":99, "Sentence":"Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement)", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary person obliged flee home \u201c particular result order avoid effect armed conflict situation generalized violence violation human right natural humanmade disaster crossed internationally recognized state border \u201d according definition un guiding principle internal displacement" }, { "ID":100, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"International guarantor", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"State, international or regional body or organization that plays the role of facilitation and arbitration in negotiations and the implementation of a peace accord.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":100, "Sentence":"State, international or regional body or organization that plays the role of facilitation and arbitration in negotiations and the implementation of a peace accord.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary state international regional body organization play role facilitation arbitration negotiation implementation peace accord ." }, { "ID":101, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Internee", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"A person who falls within the definition of a combatant (see above), who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":101, "Sentence":"A person who falls within the definition of a combatant (see above), who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary person fall within definition combatant see crossed international border state experiencing armed conflict interned neutral state whose territory he\/she entered ." }, { "ID":102, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Internment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"An obligation of a neutral State when foreign former combatants cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is applicable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the internees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":102, "Sentence":"An obligation of a neutral State when foreign former combatants cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on land.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary obligation neutral state foreign former combatant cross territory provided 1907 hague convention respecting right duty neutral power person case war land ." }, { "ID":102, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Internment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"An obligation of a neutral State when foreign former combatants cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is applicable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the internees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":102, "Sentence":"This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary rule considered attained customary international law status binding state whether party hague convention ." }, { "ID":102, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Internment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"An obligation of a neutral State when foreign former combatants cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is applicable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the internees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":102, "Sentence":"It is applicable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary applicable analogy also internal armed conflict combatant government armed force opposition armed group enter territory neutral state ." }, { "ID":102, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Internment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"An obligation of a neutral State when foreign former combatants cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is applicable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the internees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":102, "Sentence":"Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary internment involves confining foreign combatant separated civilian safe location away combat zone providing basic relief humane treatment ." }, { "ID":102, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Internment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"An obligation of a neutral State when foreign former combatants cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is applicable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the internees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":102, "Sentence":"Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the internees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary varying degree freedom movement provided subject interning state ensuring internee use territory participation hostility ." }, { "ID":103, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Intervention", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"A process in which an actor enters into the area of another, with or without the consent of the other.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":103, "Sentence":"A process in which an actor enters into the area of another, with or without the consent of the other.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary process actor enters area another without consent ." }, { "ID":104, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Irregular force", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"For the purposes of the IDDRS, defined as armed group.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":104, "Sentence":"For the purposes of the IDDRS, defined as armed group.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary purpose iddrs defined armed group ." }, { "ID":105, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Justice", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"For the UN, an ideal of accountability and fairness in the protection and vindication of rights and the prevention and punishment of wrongs. Justice implies regard for the rights of the accused, for the interests of victims and for the well-being of society at large. It is a concept rooted in all national cultures and traditions, and while its administration usually implies formal judicial mechanisms, traditional dispute resolution mechanisms are equally relevant. the international community has worked to articulate collectively the substantive and procedural requirements for the administration of justice for more than half a century", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":105, "Sentence":"For the UN, an ideal of accountability and fairness in the protection and vindication of rights and the prevention and punishment of wrongs.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary un ideal accountability fairness protection vindication right prevention punishment wrong ." }, { "ID":105, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Justice", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"For the UN, an ideal of accountability and fairness in the protection and vindication of rights and the prevention and punishment of wrongs. Justice implies regard for the rights of the accused, for the interests of victims and for the well-being of society at large. It is a concept rooted in all national cultures and traditions, and while its administration usually implies formal judicial mechanisms, traditional dispute resolution mechanisms are equally relevant. the international community has worked to articulate collectively the substantive and procedural requirements for the administration of justice for more than half a century", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":105, "Sentence":"Justice implies regard for the rights of the accused, for the interests of victims and for the well-being of society at large.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary justice implies regard right accused interest victim wellbeing society large ." }, { "ID":105, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Justice", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"For the UN, an ideal of accountability and fairness in the protection and vindication of rights and the prevention and punishment of wrongs. Justice implies regard for the rights of the accused, for the interests of victims and for the well-being of society at large. It is a concept rooted in all national cultures and traditions, and while its administration usually implies formal judicial mechanisms, traditional dispute resolution mechanisms are equally relevant. the international community has worked to articulate collectively the substantive and procedural requirements for the administration of justice for more than half a century", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":105, "Sentence":"It is a concept rooted in all national cultures and traditions, and while its administration usually implies formal judicial mechanisms, traditional dispute resolution mechanisms are equally relevant.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary concept rooted national culture tradition administration usually implies formal judicial mechanism traditional dispute resolution mechanism equally relevant ." }, { "ID":105, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Justice", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"For the UN, an ideal of accountability and fairness in the protection and vindication of rights and the prevention and punishment of wrongs. Justice implies regard for the rights of the accused, for the interests of victims and for the well-being of society at large. It is a concept rooted in all national cultures and traditions, and while its administration usually implies formal judicial mechanisms, traditional dispute resolution mechanisms are equally relevant. the international community has worked to articulate collectively the substantive and procedural requirements for the administration of justice for more than half a century", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":105, "Sentence":"the international community has worked to articulate collectively the substantive and procedural requirements for the administration of justice for more than half a century", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary international community worked articulate collectively substantive procedural requirement administration justice half century" }, { "ID":106, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Legislative disarmament\/small arms contro", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The national legal regimes that regulate the possession, use and circulation of small arms and light weapons. These may be enforced by the State\u2019s security forces. ", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":106, "Sentence":"The national legal regimes that regulate the possession, use and circulation of small arms and light weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary national legal regime regulate possession use circulation small arm light weapon ." }, { "ID":106, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Legislative disarmament\/small arms contro", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The national legal regimes that regulate the possession, use and circulation of small arms and light weapons. These may be enforced by the State\u2019s security forces. ", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":106, "Sentence":"These may be enforced by the State\u2019s security forces.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary may enforced state \u2019 security force ." }, { "ID":107, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Livelihood", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The capabilities, assets (including both material and social assets) and activities required for a means of living. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stress and shocks, and maintain or improve its capabilities and assets, while not undermining the natural resource base.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":107, "Sentence":"The capabilities, assets (including both material and social assets) and activities required for a means of living.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary capability asset including material social asset activity required mean living ." }, { "ID":107, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Livelihood", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The capabilities, assets (including both material and social assets) and activities required for a means of living. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stress and shocks, and maintain or improve its capabilities and assets, while not undermining the natural resource base.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":107, "Sentence":"A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stress and shocks, and maintain or improve its capabilities and assets, while not undermining the natural resource base.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary livelihood sustainable cope recover stress shock maintain improve capability asset undermining natural resource base ." }, { "ID":108, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Mandatory testing", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as categories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":108, "Sentence":"Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary testing screening required federal state local law compel individual submit hiv testing without informed consent ." }, { "ID":108, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Mandatory testing", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as categories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":108, "Sentence":"Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as categories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary within country conduct mandatory testing usually limited specific \u2018 population \u2019 category health care provider member military prisoner people highrisk situation ." }, { "ID":109, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Mercenary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"\u201cA mercenary is any person who:\\n(a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict;\\n(b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and functions in the armed forces of that party;\\n(c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict;\\n(d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n(e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces.\\n\\nA mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation:\\n(a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at:\\n(i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or\\n(ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State;\\n(b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compen\u00adsation;\\n(c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed;\\n(d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and\\n(e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken\u201d (International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, financing and Training of Mercenaries, 1989)", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":109, "Sentence":"\u201cA mercenary is any person who:\\n(a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict;\\n(b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and functions in the armed forces of that party;\\n(c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict;\\n(d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n(e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces.\\n\\nA mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation:\\n(a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at:\\n(i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or\\n(ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State;\\n(b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compen\u00adsation;\\n(c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed;\\n(d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and\\n(e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken\u201d (International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, financing and Training of Mercenaries, 1989)", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary \u201c mercenary person whona specially recruited locally abroad order fight armed conflictnb motivated take part hostility essentially desire private gain fact promised behalf party conflict material compensation substantially excess promised paid combatant similar rank function armed force partync neither national party conflict resident territory controlled party conflictnd member armed force party conflict ne sent state party conflict official duty member armed forces.nna mercenary also person situationna specially recruited locally abroad purpose participating concerted act violence aimed atni overthrowing government otherwise undermining constitutional order state ornii undermining territorial integrity statenb motivated take part therein essentially desire significant private gain prompted promise payment material compen\u00adsationnc neither national resident state act directednd sent state official duty andne member armed force state whose territory act undertaken \u201d international convention recruitment use financing training mercenary 1989" }, { "ID":110, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Militia", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"A military group that is raised from the civil population to supplement a regular army in an emergency or a rebel group acting in opposition to a regular army. Also see \u2018irregular force\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":110, "Sentence":"A military group that is raised from the civil population to supplement a regular army in an emergency or a rebel group acting in opposition to a regular army.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary military group raised civil population supplement regular army emergency rebel group acting opposition regular army ." }, { "ID":110, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Militia", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"A military group that is raised from the civil population to supplement a regular army in an emergency or a rebel group acting in opposition to a regular army. Also see \u2018irregular force\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":110, "Sentence":"Also see \u2018irregular force\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary also see \u2018 irregular force \u2019 ." }, { "ID":111, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Millennium Development Goals", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Millennium Development Goals summarize the development goals agreedon at international conferences and world summits during the 1990s. At the end of the decade, world leaders distilled the key goals and targets in the millennium Declaration (September 2000).the Millennium Development Goals, to be achieved between 1990 and 2015, include:\\nhalving extreme poverty and hunger;\\nachieving universal primary education;\\npromoting gender equality; \\nreducing under-five mortality by two-thirds;\\nreducing maternal mortality by three-quarters;\\nreversing the spread of HIV\/AIDS, malaria and TB; \\nensuring environmental sustainability; \\ndeveloping a global partnership for development, with targets for aid, \\ntrade and debt relief.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":111, "Sentence":"The Millennium Development Goals summarize the development goals agreedon at international conferences and world summits during the 1990s.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary millennium development goal summarize development goal agreedon international conference world summit 1990s ." }, { "ID":111, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Millennium Development Goals", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Millennium Development Goals summarize the development goals agreedon at international conferences and world summits during the 1990s. At the end of the decade, world leaders distilled the key goals and targets in the millennium Declaration (September 2000).the Millennium Development Goals, to be achieved between 1990 and 2015, include:\\nhalving extreme poverty and hunger;\\nachieving universal primary education;\\npromoting gender equality; \\nreducing under-five mortality by two-thirds;\\nreducing maternal mortality by three-quarters;\\nreversing the spread of HIV\/AIDS, malaria and TB; \\nensuring environmental sustainability; \\ndeveloping a global partnership for development, with targets for aid, \\ntrade and debt relief.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":111, "Sentence":"At the end of the decade, world leaders distilled the key goals and targets in the millennium Declaration (September 2000).the Millennium Development Goals, to be achieved between 1990 and 2015, include:\\nhalving extreme poverty and hunger;\\nachieving universal primary education;\\npromoting gender equality; \\nreducing under-five mortality by two-thirds;\\nreducing maternal mortality by three-quarters;\\nreversing the spread of HIV\/AIDS, malaria and TB; \\nensuring environmental sustainability; \\ndeveloping a global partnership for development, with targets for aid, \\ntrade and debt relief.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary end decade world leader distilled key goal target millennium declaration september 2000.the millennium development goal achieved 1990 2015 includenhalving extreme poverty hungernachieving universal primary educationnpromoting gender equality nreducing underfive mortality twothirdsnreducing maternal mortality threequartersnreversing spread hiv\/aids malaria tb nensuring environmental sustainability ndeveloping global partnership development target aid ntrade debt relief ." }, { "ID":112, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Monitoring", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Monitoring is a management tool. It is the systematic oversight of the implementation of an activity that establishes whether input deliveries, work schedules, other required actions and targeted outputs have proceeded according to plan, so that timely action can be taken to correct deficiencies.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":112, "Sentence":"Monitoring is a management tool.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary monitoring management tool ." }, { "ID":112, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Monitoring", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Monitoring is a management tool. It is the systematic oversight of the implementation of an activity that establishes whether input deliveries, work schedules, other required actions and targeted outputs have proceeded according to plan, so that timely action can be taken to correct deficiencies.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":112, "Sentence":"It is the systematic oversight of the implementation of an activity that establishes whether input deliveries, work schedules, other required actions and targeted outputs have proceeded according to plan, so that timely action can be taken to correct deficiencies.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary systematic oversight implementation activity establishes whether input delivery work schedule required action targeted output proceeded according plan timely action taken correct deficiency ." }, { "ID":113, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"National authority", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The government department(s), organization(s) or institution(s) in a country responsible for the regulation, management and coordination of DDR activities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":113, "Sentence":"The government department(s), organization(s) or institution(s) in a country responsible for the regulation, management and coordination of DDR activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary government department organization institution country responsible regulation management coordination ddr activity ." }, { "ID":114, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"National plan", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive, short, medium or long-term strategy to bring about the development of a specific issue in a country.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":114, "Sentence":"A comprehensive, short, medium or long-term strategy to bring about the development of a specific issue in a country.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary comprehensive short medium longterm strategy bring development specific issue country ." }, { "ID":115, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Needs-based approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"An approach that focuses on what people need or are short of and, therefore, on what they should be provided with.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":115, "Sentence":"An approach that focuses on what people need or are short of and, therefore, on what they should be provided with.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary approach focus people need short therefore provided ." }, { "ID":116, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Non-refoulement", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law, is a rule of customary international law, and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":116, "Sentence":"A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary core principle international law prohibits state returning person manner whatsoever country territory life freedom may threatened ." }, { "ID":116, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Non-refoulement", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law, is a rule of customary international law, and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":116, "Sentence":"It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law, is a rule of customary international law, and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary find expression refugee law human right law international humanitarian law rule customary international law therefore binding state whether party specific instrument 1951 convention relating status refugee ." }, { "ID":117, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Nutritional requirements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":117, "Sentence":"AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary aid patient usually need food intake 30 percent higher standard recommended level ." }, { "ID":118, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Operational objective", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Specific target set by an organization to achieve a mission. Operational objectives should be precise, ideally quantifiable, and should be achievable with the resources that are likely to become available.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":118, "Sentence":"Specific target set by an organization to achieve a mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary specific target set organization achieve mission ." }, { "ID":118, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Operational objective", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Specific target set by an organization to achieve a mission. Operational objectives should be precise, ideally quantifiable, and should be achievable with the resources that are likely to become available.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":118, "Sentence":"Operational objectives should be precise, ideally quantifiable, and should be achievable with the resources that are likely to become available.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary operational objective precise ideally quantifiable achievable resource likely become available ." }, { "ID":119, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Opportunistic infection (OI)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly functioning immune system.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":119, "Sentence":"Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly functioning immune system.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary infection occurs immune system weakened might cause disease \u2014 serious \u2014 person properly functioning immune system ." }, { "ID":120, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Participants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"All persons who will receive direct assistance through the DDR process, inclu\u00adding ex-combatants, women and children associated with fighting forces, and others identified during negotiations of the political framework and planning for a UN-supported DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":120, "Sentence":"All persons who will receive direct assistance through the DDR process, inclu\u00adding ex-combatants, women and children associated with fighting forces, and others identified during negotiations of the political framework and planning for a UN-supported DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary person receive direct assistance ddr process inclu\u00adding excombatants woman child associated fighting force others identified negotiation political framework planning unsupported ddr process ." }, { "ID":121, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Participatory rural assessment (PRA)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Tool designed, in a World Food Programme (WFP) intervention, to assess rural people\u2019s perceptions, access to and control over resources, attitudes, benefits, decision-making positions, constraints and degree of involvement.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":121, "Sentence":"Tool designed, in a World Food Programme (WFP) intervention, to assess rural people\u2019s perceptions, access to and control over resources, attitudes, benefits, decision-making positions, constraints and degree of involvement.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary tool designed world food programme wfp intervention ass rural people \u2019 perception access control resource attitude benefit decisionmaking position constraint degree involvement ." }, { "ID":122, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Peace-building", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Process to prevent the resurgence of conflict and to create the conditions necessary for a sustainable peace in war-torn societies. It is a holistic pro\u00adcess involving broad-based inter-agency cooperation across a wide range of issues. it includes activities such as disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of armed forces and groups; rehabilitation of basic national infrastructure; human rights and elections monitoring; monitoring or retraining of civil administrators and police; training in customs and border control procedures; advice or training in fiscal or macroeconomic stabilization policy and support for landmine removal.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":122, "Sentence":"Process to prevent the resurgence of conflict and to create the conditions necessary for a sustainable peace in war-torn societies.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary process prevent resurgence conflict create condition necessary sustainable peace wartorn society ." }, { "ID":122, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Peace-building", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Process to prevent the resurgence of conflict and to create the conditions necessary for a sustainable peace in war-torn societies. It is a holistic pro\u00adcess involving broad-based inter-agency cooperation across a wide range of issues. it includes activities such as disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of armed forces and groups; rehabilitation of basic national infrastructure; human rights and elections monitoring; monitoring or retraining of civil administrators and police; training in customs and border control procedures; advice or training in fiscal or macroeconomic stabilization policy and support for landmine removal.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":122, "Sentence":"It is a holistic pro\u00adcess involving broad-based inter-agency cooperation across a wide range of issues.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary holistic pro\u00adcess involving broadbased interagency cooperation across wide range issue ." }, { "ID":122, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Peace-building", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Process to prevent the resurgence of conflict and to create the conditions necessary for a sustainable peace in war-torn societies. It is a holistic pro\u00adcess involving broad-based inter-agency cooperation across a wide range of issues. it includes activities such as disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of armed forces and groups; rehabilitation of basic national infrastructure; human rights and elections monitoring; monitoring or retraining of civil administrators and police; training in customs and border control procedures; advice or training in fiscal or macroeconomic stabilization policy and support for landmine removal.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":122, "Sentence":"it includes activities such as disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of armed forces and groups; rehabilitation of basic national infrastructure; human rights and elections monitoring; monitoring or retraining of civil administrators and police; training in customs and border control procedures; advice or training in fiscal or macroeconomic stabilization policy and support for landmine removal.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary includes activity disarmament demobilization reintegration armed force group rehabilitation basic national infrastructure human right election monitoring monitoring retraining civil administrator police training custom border control procedure advice training fiscal macroeconomic stabilization policy support landmine removal ." }, { "ID":123, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Peacekeeping assessed budget", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"he assessed contribution of Member States to the operations of the UN peacekeeping missions, based on a scale established by the General Assembly.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":123, "Sentence":"he assessed contribution of Member States to the operations of the UN peacekeeping missions, based on a scale established by the General Assembly.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary assessed contribution member state operation un peacekeeping mission based scale established general assembly ." }, { "ID":124, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Peer education", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa\u00adtion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. ", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":124, "Sentence":"A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary popular concept variously refers approach communication channel methodology and\/or intervention strategy ." }, { "ID":124, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Peer education", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa\u00adtion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. ", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":124, "Sentence":"Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary peer education usually involves training supporting member given group background experience value effect change among member group ." }, { "ID":124, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Peer education", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa\u00adtion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. ", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":124, "Sentence":"It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary often used influence knowledge attitude belief behaviour individual level ." }, { "ID":124, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Peer education", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa\u00adtion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. ", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":124, "Sentence":"However, peer educa\u00adtion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary however peer educa\u00adtion may also create change group societal level modifying norm stimulating collective action contributes change policy programme ." }, { "ID":124, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Peer education", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa\u00adtion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. ", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":124, "Sentence":"worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary worldwide peer education one widely used hiv\/aids awareness strategy ." }, { "ID":125, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Police statute", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A law, decree or edict enacted by the relevant authority governing the establishment, functions and organization of a law enforcement agency", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":125, "Sentence":"A law, decree or edict enacted by the relevant authority governing the establishment, functions and organization of a law enforcement agency", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary law decree edict enacted relevant authority governing establishment function organization law enforcement agency" }, { "ID":126, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Policy", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A set of statements that define the purpose and goals of an organization and the rules, standards and principles of action that govern the way in which the organization aims to achieve these goals. \\nPolicy evolves in response to strategic direction and field experience. in turn, it influences the way in which plans are developed, and how resources are mobilized and applied. Policy is prescriptive and compliance is assumed, or at least is encouraged.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":126, "Sentence":"A set of statements that define the purpose and goals of an organization and the rules, standards and principles of action that govern the way in which the organization aims to achieve these goals.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary set statement define purpose goal organization rule standard principle action govern way organization aim achieve goal ." }, { "ID":126, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Policy", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A set of statements that define the purpose and goals of an organization and the rules, standards and principles of action that govern the way in which the organization aims to achieve these goals. \\nPolicy evolves in response to strategic direction and field experience. in turn, it influences the way in which plans are developed, and how resources are mobilized and applied. Policy is prescriptive and compliance is assumed, or at least is encouraged.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":126, "Sentence":"\\nPolicy evolves in response to strategic direction and field experience.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary npolicy evolves response strategic direction field experience ." }, { "ID":126, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Policy", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A set of statements that define the purpose and goals of an organization and the rules, standards and principles of action that govern the way in which the organization aims to achieve these goals. \\nPolicy evolves in response to strategic direction and field experience. in turn, it influences the way in which plans are developed, and how resources are mobilized and applied. Policy is prescriptive and compliance is assumed, or at least is encouraged.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":126, "Sentence":"in turn, it influences the way in which plans are developed, and how resources are mobilized and applied.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary turn influence way plan developed resource mobilized applied ." }, { "ID":126, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Policy", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A set of statements that define the purpose and goals of an organization and the rules, standards and principles of action that govern the way in which the organization aims to achieve these goals. \\nPolicy evolves in response to strategic direction and field experience. in turn, it influences the way in which plans are developed, and how resources are mobilized and applied. Policy is prescriptive and compliance is assumed, or at least is encouraged.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":126, "Sentence":"Policy is prescriptive and compliance is assumed, or at least is encouraged.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary policy prescriptive compliance assumed least encouraged ." }, { "ID":127, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Policy development", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The process whereby many academic, international and non-governmental organizations provide assistance to governments in developing their strategies and managerial approaches to particular issues, problems or events.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":127, "Sentence":"The process whereby many academic, international and non-governmental organizations provide assistance to governments in developing their strategies and managerial approaches to particular issues, problems or events.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary process whereby many academic international nongovernmental organization provide assistance government developing strategy managerial approach particular issue problem event ." }, { "ID":128, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Political stability ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A situation where the political system and its actors, rules, cultures and institutions achieve balance and maintain a certain degree of order.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":128, "Sentence":"A situation where the political system and its actors, rules, cultures and institutions achieve balance and maintain a certain degree of order.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary situation political system actor rule culture institution achieve balance maintain certain degree order ." }, { "ID":129, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Post-conflict", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Can describe the time, period or events taking place in a given State or region that had experienced an outbreak of violence or conflict in its recent past.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":129, "Sentence":"Can describe the time, period or events taking place in a given State or region that had experienced an outbreak of violence or conflict in its recent past.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary describe time period event taking place given state region experienced outbreak violence conflict recent past ." }, { "ID":130, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Post-exposure prophylaxis\/Post-exposure prevention (PEP)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":130, "Sentence":"A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary shortterm antiretroviral treatment reduce likelihood hiv infection potential exposure infected body fluid needlestick injury result rape ." }, { "ID":130, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Post-exposure prophylaxis\/Post-exposure prevention (PEP)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":130, "Sentence":"The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary treatment administered qualified health care practitioner ." }, { "ID":130, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Post-exposure prophylaxis\/Post-exposure prevention (PEP)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":130, "Sentence":"It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary essentially consists taking high dos arvs 28 day ." }, { "ID":130, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Post-exposure prophylaxis\/Post-exposure prevention (PEP)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":130, "Sentence":"To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary effective treatment must start within 2 72 hour possible exposure earlier treatment started effective ." }, { "ID":130, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Post-exposure prophylaxis\/Post-exposure prevention (PEP)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":130, "Sentence":"Its success rate varies.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary success rate varies ." }, { "ID":131, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"PRSPs are prepared by governments in low-income countries through a participatory process involving domestic stakeholders and external development partners, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. a PRSP describes the macroeconomic, structural and social policies and programmes that a country will follow over several years to bring about broadbased growth and reduce poverty, as well as external financing needs and the associated sources of financing (IMF, Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: A Fact sheet, September 2005, http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/np\/exr\/facts\/prsp.htm).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":131, "Sentence":"PRSPs are prepared by governments in low-income countries through a participatory process involving domestic stakeholders and external development partners, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary prsps prepared government lowincome country participatory process involving domestic stakeholder external development partner including international monetary fund imf world bank ." }, { "ID":131, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"PRSPs are prepared by governments in low-income countries through a participatory process involving domestic stakeholders and external development partners, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. a PRSP describes the macroeconomic, structural and social policies and programmes that a country will follow over several years to bring about broadbased growth and reduce poverty, as well as external financing needs and the associated sources of financing (IMF, Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: A Fact sheet, September 2005, http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/np\/exr\/facts\/prsp.htm).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":131, "Sentence":"a PRSP describes the macroeconomic, structural and social policies and programmes that a country will follow over several years to bring about broadbased growth and reduce poverty, as well as external financing needs and the associated sources of financing (IMF, Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: A Fact sheet, September 2005, http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/np\/exr\/facts\/prsp.htm).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary prsp describes macroeconomic structural social policy programme country follow several year bring broadbased growth reduce poverty well external financing need associated source financing imf poverty reduction strategy paper fact sheet september 2005 http\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/np\/exr\/facts\/prsp.htm ." }, { "ID":132, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Practical gender needs", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security. Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":132, "Sentence":"What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary woman men perceive immediate necessity water shelter food security ." }, { "ID":132, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Practical gender needs", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security. Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":132, "Sentence":"Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary practical need vary according gendered difference division agricultural labour reproductive work etc . social context ." }, { "ID":133, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Pre-discharge orientation (PDO)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Programmes provided at the point of demobilization to former combatants and their families to better equip them for reinsertion to civil society. This process also provides a valuable opportunity to monitor and manage expectations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":133, "Sentence":"Programmes provided at the point of demobilization to former combatants and their families to better equip them for reinsertion to civil society.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary programme provided point demobilization former combatant family better equip reinsertion civil society ." }, { "ID":133, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Pre-discharge orientation (PDO)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Programmes provided at the point of demobilization to former combatants and their families to better equip them for reinsertion to civil society. This process also provides a valuable opportunity to monitor and manage expectations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":133, "Sentence":"This process also provides a valuable opportunity to monitor and manage expectations.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary process also provides valuable opportunity monitor manage expectation ." }, { "ID":134, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Pre-mandate commitment authority (PMCA)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The sources of budgetary support available to the Secretary-General of the UN to establish or expand a peacekeeping operations or special political mission. Certain conditions govern the use of the PMCA, which may include (depending on circumstances) approval from the ACABQ or notification of the President of the Security Council.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":134, "Sentence":"The sources of budgetary support available to the Secretary-General of the UN to establish or expand a peacekeeping operations or special political mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary source budgetary support available secretarygeneral un establish expand peacekeeping operation special political mission ." }, { "ID":134, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Pre-mandate commitment authority (PMCA)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The sources of budgetary support available to the Secretary-General of the UN to establish or expand a peacekeeping operations or special political mission. Certain conditions govern the use of the PMCA, which may include (depending on circumstances) approval from the ACABQ or notification of the President of the Security Council.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":134, "Sentence":"Certain conditions govern the use of the PMCA, which may include (depending on circumstances) approval from the ACABQ or notification of the President of the Security Council.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary certain condition govern use pmca may include depending circumstance approval acabq notification president security council ." }, { "ID":135, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Prevention of recruitment, and demobilization and reintegration (PDR)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Child-focused agencies use the term \u2018prevention of recruitment, and demobilization and reintegration\u2019 rather than DDR when referring to child-centred processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":135, "Sentence":"Child-focused agencies use the term \u2018prevention of recruitment, and demobilization and reintegration\u2019 rather than DDR when referring to child-centred processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary childfocused agency use term \u2018 prevention recruitment demobilization reintegration \u2019 rather ddr referring childcentred process ." }, { "ID":136, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Prima facie", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obvious to be a refugee.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":136, "Sentence":"As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obvious to be a refugee.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary appearing first sight first impression relating refugee someone seems obvious refugee ." }, { "ID":137, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Programme", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"A generic (general) term for a set of activities designed to achieve a specific objective. In order to ensure that a programme\u2019s results, outputs and overall outcome are reached, activities are often framed by a strategy, key principles and identified targets. Together, these indicate how the activities will be structured and implemented. Programmes also include a description of all aspects necessary to implement the planned activities, including inputs and resources (staff, equipment, funding, etc.), management arrangements, legal frameworks, partnerships and other risk analysis.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":137, "Sentence":"A generic (general) term for a set of activities designed to achieve a specific objective.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary generic general term set activity designed achieve specific objective ." }, { "ID":137, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Programme", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"A generic (general) term for a set of activities designed to achieve a specific objective. In order to ensure that a programme\u2019s results, outputs and overall outcome are reached, activities are often framed by a strategy, key principles and identified targets. Together, these indicate how the activities will be structured and implemented. Programmes also include a description of all aspects necessary to implement the planned activities, including inputs and resources (staff, equipment, funding, etc.), management arrangements, legal frameworks, partnerships and other risk analysis.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":137, "Sentence":"In order to ensure that a programme\u2019s results, outputs and overall outcome are reached, activities are often framed by a strategy, key principles and identified targets.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary order ensure programme \u2019 result output overall outcome reached activity often framed strategy key principle identified target ." }, { "ID":137, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Programme", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"A generic (general) term for a set of activities designed to achieve a specific objective. In order to ensure that a programme\u2019s results, outputs and overall outcome are reached, activities are often framed by a strategy, key principles and identified targets. Together, these indicate how the activities will be structured and implemented. Programmes also include a description of all aspects necessary to implement the planned activities, including inputs and resources (staff, equipment, funding, etc.), management arrangements, legal frameworks, partnerships and other risk analysis.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":137, "Sentence":"Together, these indicate how the activities will be structured and implemented.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary together indicate activity structured implemented ." }, { "ID":137, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Programme", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"A generic (general) term for a set of activities designed to achieve a specific objective. In order to ensure that a programme\u2019s results, outputs and overall outcome are reached, activities are often framed by a strategy, key principles and identified targets. Together, these indicate how the activities will be structured and implemented. Programmes also include a description of all aspects necessary to implement the planned activities, including inputs and resources (staff, equipment, funding, etc.), management arrangements, legal frameworks, partnerships and other risk analysis.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":137, "Sentence":"Programmes also include a description of all aspects necessary to implement the planned activities, including inputs and resources (staff, equipment, funding, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary programme also include description aspect necessary implement planned activity including input resource staff equipment funding etc ." }, { "ID":137, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Programme", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"A generic (general) term for a set of activities designed to achieve a specific objective. In order to ensure that a programme\u2019s results, outputs and overall outcome are reached, activities are often framed by a strategy, key principles and identified targets. Together, these indicate how the activities will be structured and implemented. Programmes also include a description of all aspects necessary to implement the planned activities, including inputs and resources (staff, equipment, funding, etc.), management arrangements, legal frameworks, partnerships and other risk analysis.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":137, "Sentence":"), management arrangements, legal frameworks, partnerships and other risk analysis.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary management arrangement legal framework partnership risk analysis ." }, { "ID":138, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Project", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Within each programme there may be several projects, each of which is a separately identified undertaking. A project is an intervention that consists of a set of planned, interrelated activities aimed at achieving defined objectives over a fixed time. A project\u2019s activities and objectives are normally given in a project document. This legal agreement binds the signatories to carry out the defined activities and to provide specific resources over a fixed period of time in order to reach agreed objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":138, "Sentence":"Within each programme there may be several projects, each of which is a separately identified undertaking.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary within programme may several project separately identified undertaking ." }, { "ID":138, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Project", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Within each programme there may be several projects, each of which is a separately identified undertaking. A project is an intervention that consists of a set of planned, interrelated activities aimed at achieving defined objectives over a fixed time. A project\u2019s activities and objectives are normally given in a project document. This legal agreement binds the signatories to carry out the defined activities and to provide specific resources over a fixed period of time in order to reach agreed objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":138, "Sentence":"A project is an intervention that consists of a set of planned, interrelated activities aimed at achieving defined objectives over a fixed time.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary project intervention consists set planned interrelated activity aimed achieving defined objective fixed time ." }, { "ID":138, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Project", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Within each programme there may be several projects, each of which is a separately identified undertaking. A project is an intervention that consists of a set of planned, interrelated activities aimed at achieving defined objectives over a fixed time. A project\u2019s activities and objectives are normally given in a project document. This legal agreement binds the signatories to carry out the defined activities and to provide specific resources over a fixed period of time in order to reach agreed objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":138, "Sentence":"A project\u2019s activities and objectives are normally given in a project document.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary project \u2019 activity objective normally given project document ." }, { "ID":138, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Project", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Within each programme there may be several projects, each of which is a separately identified undertaking. A project is an intervention that consists of a set of planned, interrelated activities aimed at achieving defined objectives over a fixed time. A project\u2019s activities and objectives are normally given in a project document. This legal agreement binds the signatories to carry out the defined activities and to provide specific resources over a fixed period of time in order to reach agreed objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":138, "Sentence":"This legal agreement binds the signatories to carry out the defined activities and to provide specific resources over a fixed period of time in order to reach agreed objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary legal agreement bind signatory carry defined activity provide specific resource fixed period time order reach agreed objective ." }, { "ID":139, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Protection", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"All activities that are aimed at obtaining full respect for the rights of the individual, in accordance with the letter and spirit of international human rights law, international humanitarian law and refugee law.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":139, "Sentence":"All activities that are aimed at obtaining full respect for the rights of the individual, in accordance with the letter and spirit of international human rights law, international humanitarian law and refugee law.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary activity aimed obtaining full respect right individual accordance letter spirit international human right law international humanitarian law refugee law ." }, { "ID":140, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Public information", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Information that is released or published for the primary purpose of keeping the public fully informed, thereby gaining their understanding and support. The objective of public information within SALW control is to raise general awareness. It is a mass mobilization approach that delivers information on the SALW problem. In an emergency situation, due to lack of time and accurate data it is the most practical means of communicating safety information. In other situations, public information can support community liaison\/ involvement.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":140, "Sentence":"Information that is released or published for the primary purpose of keeping the public fully informed, thereby gaining their understanding and support.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary information released published primary purpose keeping public fully informed thereby gaining understanding support ." }, { "ID":140, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Public information", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Information that is released or published for the primary purpose of keeping the public fully informed, thereby gaining their understanding and support. The objective of public information within SALW control is to raise general awareness. It is a mass mobilization approach that delivers information on the SALW problem. In an emergency situation, due to lack of time and accurate data it is the most practical means of communicating safety information. In other situations, public information can support community liaison\/ involvement.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":140, "Sentence":"The objective of public information within SALW control is to raise general awareness.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary objective public information within salw control raise general awareness ." }, { "ID":140, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Public information", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Information that is released or published for the primary purpose of keeping the public fully informed, thereby gaining their understanding and support. The objective of public information within SALW control is to raise general awareness. It is a mass mobilization approach that delivers information on the SALW problem. In an emergency situation, due to lack of time and accurate data it is the most practical means of communicating safety information. In other situations, public information can support community liaison\/ involvement.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":140, "Sentence":"It is a mass mobilization approach that delivers information on the SALW problem.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary mass mobilization approach delivers information salw problem ." }, { "ID":140, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Public information", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Information that is released or published for the primary purpose of keeping the public fully informed, thereby gaining their understanding and support. The objective of public information within SALW control is to raise general awareness. It is a mass mobilization approach that delivers information on the SALW problem. In an emergency situation, due to lack of time and accurate data it is the most practical means of communicating safety information. In other situations, public information can support community liaison\/ involvement.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":140, "Sentence":"In an emergency situation, due to lack of time and accurate data it is the most practical means of communicating safety information.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary emergency situation due lack time accurate data practical mean communicating safety information ." }, { "ID":140, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Public information", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Information that is released or published for the primary purpose of keeping the public fully informed, thereby gaining their understanding and support. The objective of public information within SALW control is to raise general awareness. It is a mass mobilization approach that delivers information on the SALW problem. In an emergency situation, due to lack of time and accurate data it is the most practical means of communicating safety information. In other situations, public information can support community liaison\/ involvement.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":140, "Sentence":"In other situations, public information can support community liaison\/ involvement.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary situation public information support community liaison\/ involvement ." }, { "ID":141, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Quick-impact project (QIP)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Quick-impact projects are small, rapidly implemented projects intended to: \\nhelp create conditions for durable solutions for refugees and returnees through rapid interventions; \\nthrough community participation, provide for small-scale initial rehabilitation and enable communities to take advantage of development opportunities; \\nhelp strengthen the absorptive capacity of target areas, while meeting urgent community needs (UNHCR, Quick Impact Projects (QIPs): A Provisional Guide, Geneva, May 2004).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":141, "Sentence":"Quick-impact projects are small, rapidly implemented projects intended to: \\nhelp create conditions for durable solutions for refugees and returnees through rapid interventions; \\nthrough community participation, provide for small-scale initial rehabilitation and enable communities to take advantage of development opportunities; \\nhelp strengthen the absorptive capacity of target areas, while meeting urgent community needs (UNHCR, Quick Impact Projects (QIPs): A Provisional Guide, Geneva, May 2004).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary quickimpact project small rapidly implemented project intended nhelp create condition durable solution refugee returnees rapid intervention nthrough community participation provide smallscale initial rehabilitation enable community take advantage development opportunity nhelp strengthen absorptive capacity target area meeting urgent community need unhcr quick impact project qips provisional guide geneva may 2004 ." }, { "ID":142, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Rapid assessment (RA)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Assessment that uses a variety of survey techniques for quick and inexpensive assessment. Rapid assessments tend to be qualitative rather than quantitative, and they depend more on the ability and judgment of the person carrying out the survey than do other research methods that are more rigorous, but also slower and costlier.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":142, "Sentence":"Assessment that uses a variety of survey techniques for quick and inexpensive assessment.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary assessment us variety survey technique quick inexpensive assessment ." }, { "ID":142, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Rapid assessment (RA)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Assessment that uses a variety of survey techniques for quick and inexpensive assessment. Rapid assessments tend to be qualitative rather than quantitative, and they depend more on the ability and judgment of the person carrying out the survey than do other research methods that are more rigorous, but also slower and costlier.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":142, "Sentence":"Rapid assessments tend to be qualitative rather than quantitative, and they depend more on the ability and judgment of the person carrying out the survey than do other research methods that are more rigorous, but also slower and costlier.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary rapid assessment tend qualitative rather quantitative depend ability judgment person carrying survey research method rigorous also slower costlier ." }, { "ID":143, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Receiving communities", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The communities where the ex-combatants will go, live and work. Within this concept, the social network of a small community is referred to, and also the bordering local economy.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":143, "Sentence":"The communities where the ex-combatants will go, live and work.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary community excombatants go live work ." }, { "ID":143, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Receiving communities", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The communities where the ex-combatants will go, live and work. Within this concept, the social network of a small community is referred to, and also the bordering local economy.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":143, "Sentence":"Within this concept, the social network of a small community is referred to, and also the bordering local economy.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary within concept social network small community referred also bordering local economy ." }, { "ID":144, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Reconstruction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The process of rebuilding the institutions of State that have failed or are failing due to circumstances of war or to systematic destruction through poor governance.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":144, "Sentence":"The process of rebuilding the institutions of State that have failed or are failing due to circumstances of war or to systematic destruction through poor governance.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary process rebuilding institution state failed failing due circumstance war systematic destruction poor governance ." }, { "ID":145, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Recovery", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A restorative process in relation to the situation prior to the distress. It might entail \u2018healing\u2019, reparation, amelioration and even regeneration.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":145, "Sentence":"A restorative process in relation to the situation prior to the distress.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary restorative process relation situation prior distress ." }, { "ID":145, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Recovery", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A restorative process in relation to the situation prior to the distress. It might entail \u2018healing\u2019, reparation, amelioration and even regeneration.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":145, "Sentence":"It might entail \u2018healing\u2019, reparation, amelioration and even regeneration.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary might entail \u2018 healing \u2019 reparation amelioration even regeneration ." }, { "ID":146, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Recruitment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Includes compulsory, forced and voluntary recruitment into any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":146, "Sentence":"Includes compulsory, forced and voluntary recruitment into any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary includes compulsory forced voluntary recruitment kind regular irregular armed force armed group ." }, { "ID":147, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Refugee", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n\u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\nHas a well-founded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\nIs unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\nIn Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalised violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":147, "Sentence":"Defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n\u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\nHas a well-founded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\nIs unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\nIn Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary defined 1951 un convention relating status refugee person n \u201c outside country origin nhas wellfounded fear persecution race religion nationality membership particular social group political opinion ni unable unwilling avail protection country return fear persecution. \u201d nin africa latin america definition extended ." }, { "ID":147, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Refugee", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n\u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\nHas a well-founded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\nIs unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\nIn Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalised violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":147, "Sentence":"The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary 1969 oau convention governing specific aspect refugee problem africa also includes refugee person fleeing civil disturbance widespread violence war ." }, { "ID":147, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Refugee", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n\u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\nHas a well-founded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\nIs unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\nIn Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalised violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":147, "Sentence":"In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalised violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary latin america cartagena declaration 1984 although binding recommends definition also include person fled country \u201c life safety freedom threatened generalised violence foreign aggression internal conflict massive violation human right circumstance seriously disturbed public order \u201d ." }, { "ID":148, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Refugee status determination", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":148, "Sentence":"Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary legal administrative procedure undertaken unhcr and\/or state determine whether individual recognized refugee accordance national international law ." }, { "ID":149, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Regular forces ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Institutionalized armed cadre in organized, structured and trained professional armies, with a legal basis and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":149, "Sentence":"Institutionalized armed cadre in organized, structured and trained professional armies, with a legal basis and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary institutionalized armed cadre organized structured trained professional army legal basis supporting institutional infrastructure salary benefit basic service etc ." }, { "ID":149, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Regular forces ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Institutionalized armed cadre in organized, structured and trained professional armies, with a legal basis and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":149, "Sentence":").", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary ." }, { "ID":150, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Reinsertion", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"\u201cReinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is short-term material and\/or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to one year\u201d (Secretary-General, note to the General Assembly, A\/C.5\/59\/31, May 2005).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":150, "Sentence":"\u201cReinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary \u201c reinsertion assistance offered excombatants demobilization prior longerterm process reintegration ." }, { "ID":150, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Reinsertion", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"\u201cReinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is short-term material and\/or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to one year\u201d (Secretary-General, note to the General Assembly, A\/C.5\/59\/31, May 2005).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":150, "Sentence":"Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary reinsertion form transitional assistance help cover basic need excombatants family include transitional safety allowance food clothes shelter medical service shortterm education training employment tool ." }, { "ID":150, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Reinsertion", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"\u201cReinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is short-term material and\/or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to one year\u201d (Secretary-General, note to the General Assembly, A\/C.5\/59\/31, May 2005).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":150, "Sentence":"While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is short-term material and\/or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to one year\u201d (Secretary-General, note to the General Assembly, A\/C.5\/59\/31, May 2005).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary reintegration longterm continuous social economic process development reinsertion shortterm material and\/or financial assistance meet immediate need last one year \u201d secretarygeneral note general assembly a\/c.5\/59\/31 may 2005 ." }, { "ID":151, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"\u201cReintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility, and often necessitates long-term external assistance\u201d (Secretary-General, note to the General Assembly, A\/C.5\/59\/31, May 2005).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":151, "Sentence":"\u201cReintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary \u201c reintegration process excombatants acquire civilian status gain sustainable employment income ." }, { "ID":151, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"\u201cReintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility, and often necessitates long-term external assistance\u201d (Secretary-General, note to the General Assembly, A\/C.5\/59\/31, May 2005).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":151, "Sentence":"Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary reintegration essentially social economic process open timeframe primarily taking place community local level ." }, { "ID":151, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"\u201cReintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility, and often necessitates long-term external assistance\u201d (Secretary-General, note to the General Assembly, A\/C.5\/59\/31, May 2005).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":151, "Sentence":"It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility, and often necessitates long-term external assistance\u201d (Secretary-General, note to the General Assembly, A\/C.5\/59\/31, May 2005).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary part general development country national responsibility often necessitates longterm external assistance \u201d secretarygeneral note general assembly a\/c.5\/59\/31 may 2005 ." }, { "ID":152, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Reintegration of children", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The provision of reintegration support is a right enshrined in article 39 of the CRC: \u201cState Parties shall take all appropriate measures to promote . . . social reintegration of a child victim of . . . armed conflicts\u201d. Child-centred reintegration is multi-layered and focuses on family reunification; mobilizing and enabling care systems in the community; medical screening and health care, including reproductive health services; schooling and\/or vocational training; psychosocial support; and social, cultural and economic support. Socio-economic reintegration is often underestimated in DDR programmes, but should be included in all stages of programming and budgeting, and partner organizations should be involved at the start of the reintegration process to establish strong collaboration structures.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":152, "Sentence":"The provision of reintegration support is a right enshrined in article 39 of the CRC: \u201cState Parties shall take all appropriate measures to promote .", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary provision reintegration support right enshrined article 39 crc \u201c state party shall take appropriate measure promote ." }, { "ID":152, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Reintegration of children", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The provision of reintegration support is a right enshrined in article 39 of the CRC: \u201cState Parties shall take all appropriate measures to promote . . . social reintegration of a child victim of . . . armed conflicts\u201d. Child-centred reintegration is multi-layered and focuses on family reunification; mobilizing and enabling care systems in the community; medical screening and health care, including reproductive health services; schooling and\/or vocational training; psychosocial support; and social, cultural and economic support. Socio-economic reintegration is often underestimated in DDR programmes, but should be included in all stages of programming and budgeting, and partner organizations should be involved at the start of the reintegration process to establish strong collaboration structures.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":152, "Sentence":". . social reintegration of a child victim of .", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary . . social reintegration child victim ." }, { "ID":152, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Reintegration of children", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The provision of reintegration support is a right enshrined in article 39 of the CRC: \u201cState Parties shall take all appropriate measures to promote . . . social reintegration of a child victim of . . . armed conflicts\u201d. Child-centred reintegration is multi-layered and focuses on family reunification; mobilizing and enabling care systems in the community; medical screening and health care, including reproductive health services; schooling and\/or vocational training; psychosocial support; and social, cultural and economic support. Socio-economic reintegration is often underestimated in DDR programmes, but should be included in all stages of programming and budgeting, and partner organizations should be involved at the start of the reintegration process to establish strong collaboration structures.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":152, "Sentence":". . armed conflicts\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary . . armed conflict \u201d ." }, { "ID":152, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Reintegration of children", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The provision of reintegration support is a right enshrined in article 39 of the CRC: \u201cState Parties shall take all appropriate measures to promote . . . social reintegration of a child victim of . . . armed conflicts\u201d. Child-centred reintegration is multi-layered and focuses on family reunification; mobilizing and enabling care systems in the community; medical screening and health care, including reproductive health services; schooling and\/or vocational training; psychosocial support; and social, cultural and economic support. Socio-economic reintegration is often underestimated in DDR programmes, but should be included in all stages of programming and budgeting, and partner organizations should be involved at the start of the reintegration process to establish strong collaboration structures.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":152, "Sentence":"Child-centred reintegration is multi-layered and focuses on family reunification; mobilizing and enabling care systems in the community; medical screening and health care, including reproductive health services; schooling and\/or vocational training; psychosocial support; and social, cultural and economic support.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary childcentred reintegration multilayered focus family reunification mobilizing enabling care system community medical screening health care including reproductive health service schooling and\/or vocational training psychosocial support social cultural economic support ." }, { "ID":152, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Reintegration of children", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The provision of reintegration support is a right enshrined in article 39 of the CRC: \u201cState Parties shall take all appropriate measures to promote . . . social reintegration of a child victim of . . . armed conflicts\u201d. Child-centred reintegration is multi-layered and focuses on family reunification; mobilizing and enabling care systems in the community; medical screening and health care, including reproductive health services; schooling and\/or vocational training; psychosocial support; and social, cultural and economic support. Socio-economic reintegration is often underestimated in DDR programmes, but should be included in all stages of programming and budgeting, and partner organizations should be involved at the start of the reintegration process to establish strong collaboration structures.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":152, "Sentence":"Socio-economic reintegration is often underestimated in DDR programmes, but should be included in all stages of programming and budgeting, and partner organizations should be involved at the start of the reintegration process to establish strong collaboration structures.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary socioeconomic reintegration often underestimated ddr programme included stage programming budgeting partner organization involved start reintegration process establish strong collaboration structure ." }, { "ID":153, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Render safe procedure (RSP)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":153, "Sentence":"The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary application special explosive ordnance disposal method tool provide interruption function separation essential component prevent unacceptable detonation ." }, { "ID":154, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Repatriation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The return of an individual to his\/her country of citizenship. ", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":154, "Sentence":"The return of an individual to his\/her country of citizenship.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary return individual his\/her country citizenship ." }, { "ID":155, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Resettlement", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The relocation of a refugee to a third country, which is neither the country of citizenship nor the country into which the refugee has fled. Resettlement to a third country is granted by accord of the country of resettlement, and is based on a number of criteria, including legal and physical protection needs, lack of local integration opportunities, medical needs, family reunification needs, protecting survivors of violence and torture, etc.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":155, "Sentence":"The relocation of a refugee to a third country, which is neither the country of citizenship nor the country into which the refugee has fled.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary relocation refugee third country neither country citizenship country refugee fled ." }, { "ID":155, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Resettlement", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The relocation of a refugee to a third country, which is neither the country of citizenship nor the country into which the refugee has fled. Resettlement to a third country is granted by accord of the country of resettlement, and is based on a number of criteria, including legal and physical protection needs, lack of local integration opportunities, medical needs, family reunification needs, protecting survivors of violence and torture, etc.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":155, "Sentence":"Resettlement to a third country is granted by accord of the country of resettlement, and is based on a number of criteria, including legal and physical protection needs, lack of local integration opportunities, medical needs, family reunification needs, protecting survivors of violence and torture, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary resettlement third country granted accord country resettlement based number criterion including legal physical protection need lack local integration opportunity medical need family reunification need protecting survivor violence torture etc ." }, { "ID":156, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Residual risk", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In the context of disarmament, the term refers to the risk remaining following the application of all reasonable efforts to remove the risks inherent in all collection and destruction activities (adapted from ISO Guide 51:1999).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":156, "Sentence":"In the context of disarmament, the term refers to the risk remaining following the application of all reasonable efforts to remove the risks inherent in all collection and destruction activities (adapted from ISO Guide 51:1999).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary context disarmament term refers risk remaining following application reasonable effort remove risk inherent collection destruction activity adapted iso guide 511999 ." }, { "ID":157, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Results-based budgeting (RBB) ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A strategic planning framework that focuses on concrete objectives, expected accomplishments and indicators of achievement for the allocation of resources. As such, the RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (indicators of achievements).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":157, "Sentence":"A strategic planning framework that focuses on concrete objectives, expected accomplishments and indicators of achievement for the allocation of resources.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary strategic planning framework focus concrete objective expected accomplishment indicator achievement allocation resource ." }, { "ID":157, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Results-based budgeting (RBB) ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A strategic planning framework that focuses on concrete objectives, expected accomplishments and indicators of achievement for the allocation of resources. As such, the RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (indicators of achievements).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":157, "Sentence":"As such, the RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (indicators of achievements).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary rbb aim shift focus output accounting i.e . activity resultsbased accountability indicator achievement ." }, { "ID":158, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Returnee", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex-combatant) returning to a community\/town\/village after conflict has ended.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":158, "Sentence":"A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary refugee voluntarily repatriated country asylum his\/her country origin country origin confirmed environment stable secure prone persecution person ." }, { "ID":158, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Returnee", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex-combatant) returning to a community\/town\/village after conflict has ended.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":158, "Sentence":"Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex-combatant) returning to a community\/town\/village after conflict has ended.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary also refers person could internally displaced person idp excombatant returning community\/town\/village conflict ended ." }, { "ID":159, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Risk", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":159, "Sentence":"Combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary combination probability occurrence harm severity harm iso guide 51 1999e ." }, { "ID":160, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Risk analysis", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Systematic use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate the risk (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":160, "Sentence":"Systematic use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate the risk (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary systematic use available information identify hazard estimate risk iso guide 51 1999e ." }, { "ID":161, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Risk assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Overall process comprising a risk analysis and a risk evaluation (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":161, "Sentence":"Overall process comprising a risk analysis and a risk evaluation (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary overall process comprising risk analysis risk evaluation iso guide 51 1999e ." }, { "ID":162, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Risk evaluation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Process based on risk analysis to determine whether the tolerable risk has been achieved (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":162, "Sentence":"Process based on risk analysis to determine whether the tolerable risk has been achieved (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary process based risk analysis determine whether tolerable risk achieved iso guide 51 1999e ." }, { "ID":163, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Risk reduction ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Actions taken to lessen the probability, negative consequences or both, associated with a particular event or series of events.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":163, "Sentence":"Actions taken to lessen the probability, negative consequences or both, associated with a particular event or series of events.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary action taken lessen probability negative consequence associated particular event series event ." }, { "ID":164, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Routine opt-in testing", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The individual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":164, "Sentence":"Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary approach testing whereby individual offered hiv test standard part treatment\/health check he\/she receive ." }, { "ID":164, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Routine opt-in testing", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The individual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":164, "Sentence":"The individual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary individual informed he\/she right decide whether undergo test ." }, { "ID":165, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Rule of law", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A principle of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities, public and private, including the State itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international human rights norms and standards. It requires, as well, measures to ensure adherence to the principles of supremacy of law, equality before the law, accountability to the law, fairness in the application of the law, separation of powers, participation in decision-making, legal certainty, avoidance of arbitrariness, and procedural and legal transparency.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":165, "Sentence":"A principle of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities, public and private, including the State itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international human rights norms and standards.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary principle governance person institution entity public private including state accountable law publicly promulgated equally enforced independently adjudicated consistent international human right norm standard ." }, { "ID":165, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Rule of law", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A principle of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities, public and private, including the State itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international human rights norms and standards. It requires, as well, measures to ensure adherence to the principles of supremacy of law, equality before the law, accountability to the law, fairness in the application of the law, separation of powers, participation in decision-making, legal certainty, avoidance of arbitrariness, and procedural and legal transparency.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":165, "Sentence":"It requires, as well, measures to ensure adherence to the principles of supremacy of law, equality before the law, accountability to the law, fairness in the application of the law, separation of powers, participation in decision-making, legal certainty, avoidance of arbitrariness, and procedural and legal transparency.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary requires well measure ensure adherence principle supremacy law equality law accountability law fairness application law separation power participation decisionmaking legal certainty avoidance arbitrariness procedural legal transparency ." }, { "ID":166, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"\u2018Safe to move\u2019", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, then they must be destroyed on site (i.e., at the place where it is found), or as close as is practically possible, by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":166, "Sentence":"A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary technical assessment appropriately qualified technician technical officer physical condition stability ammunition explosive prior proposed move ." }, { "ID":166, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"\u2018Safe to move\u2019", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, then they must be destroyed on site (i.e., at the place where it is found), or as close as is practically possible, by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":166, "Sentence":"Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, then they must be destroyed on site (i.e., at the place where it is found), or as close as is practically possible, by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary ammunition explosive fail \u2018 safe move \u2019 inspection must destroyed site i.e . place found close practically possible qualified eod team acting advice control qualified technician technical officer conducted initial \u2018 safe move \u2019 inspection ." }, { "ID":167, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Safety", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The degree of freedom from unacceptable risk (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":167, "Sentence":"The degree of freedom from unacceptable risk (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary degree freedom unacceptable risk iso guide 51 1999e ." }, { "ID":168, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW awareness programme", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A programme of activities carried out with the overall goal of minimizing, and where possible eliminating, the negative consequences of inadequate SALW control by carrying out an appropriate combination of SALW advocacy,SALW risk education and media operations\/public information campaigns, which together work to change behaviours and introduce appropriate alternative ways attitudes over the long term. Wherever it exists, the operational objectives of a national SALW control initiative will dictate the appropriate type of SALW awareness activities. SALW awareness is a mass mobilization approach that delivers information on the SALW threat. It may take the form of formal or non-formal education and may use mass media techniques. In an emergency situation, due to lack of time and available data, it is the most practical way of communicating safety information. In other situations it can support community liaison.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":168, "Sentence":"A programme of activities carried out with the overall goal of minimizing, and where possible eliminating, the negative consequences of inadequate SALW control by carrying out an appropriate combination of SALW advocacy,SALW risk education and media operations\/public information campaigns, which together work to change behaviours and introduce appropriate alternative ways attitudes over the long term.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary programme activity carried overall goal minimizing possible eliminating negative consequence inadequate salw control carrying appropriate combination salw advocacysalw risk education medium operations\/public information campaign together work change behaviour introduce appropriate alternative way attitude long term ." }, { "ID":168, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW awareness programme", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A programme of activities carried out with the overall goal of minimizing, and where possible eliminating, the negative consequences of inadequate SALW control by carrying out an appropriate combination of SALW advocacy,SALW risk education and media operations\/public information campaigns, which together work to change behaviours and introduce appropriate alternative ways attitudes over the long term. Wherever it exists, the operational objectives of a national SALW control initiative will dictate the appropriate type of SALW awareness activities. SALW awareness is a mass mobilization approach that delivers information on the SALW threat. It may take the form of formal or non-formal education and may use mass media techniques. In an emergency situation, due to lack of time and available data, it is the most practical way of communicating safety information. In other situations it can support community liaison.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":168, "Sentence":"Wherever it exists, the operational objectives of a national SALW control initiative will dictate the appropriate type of SALW awareness activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary wherever exists operational objective national salw control initiative dictate appropriate type salw awareness activity ." }, { "ID":168, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW awareness programme", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A programme of activities carried out with the overall goal of minimizing, and where possible eliminating, the negative consequences of inadequate SALW control by carrying out an appropriate combination of SALW advocacy,SALW risk education and media operations\/public information campaigns, which together work to change behaviours and introduce appropriate alternative ways attitudes over the long term. Wherever it exists, the operational objectives of a national SALW control initiative will dictate the appropriate type of SALW awareness activities. SALW awareness is a mass mobilization approach that delivers information on the SALW threat. It may take the form of formal or non-formal education and may use mass media techniques. In an emergency situation, due to lack of time and available data, it is the most practical way of communicating safety information. In other situations it can support community liaison.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":168, "Sentence":"SALW awareness is a mass mobilization approach that delivers information on the SALW threat.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary salw awareness mass mobilization approach delivers information salw threat ." }, { "ID":168, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW awareness programme", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A programme of activities carried out with the overall goal of minimizing, and where possible eliminating, the negative consequences of inadequate SALW control by carrying out an appropriate combination of SALW advocacy,SALW risk education and media operations\/public information campaigns, which together work to change behaviours and introduce appropriate alternative ways attitudes over the long term. Wherever it exists, the operational objectives of a national SALW control initiative will dictate the appropriate type of SALW awareness activities. SALW awareness is a mass mobilization approach that delivers information on the SALW threat. It may take the form of formal or non-formal education and may use mass media techniques. In an emergency situation, due to lack of time and available data, it is the most practical way of communicating safety information. In other situations it can support community liaison.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":168, "Sentence":"It may take the form of formal or non-formal education and may use mass media techniques.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary may take form formal nonformal education may use mass medium technique ." }, { "ID":168, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW awareness programme", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A programme of activities carried out with the overall goal of minimizing, and where possible eliminating, the negative consequences of inadequate SALW control by carrying out an appropriate combination of SALW advocacy,SALW risk education and media operations\/public information campaigns, which together work to change behaviours and introduce appropriate alternative ways attitudes over the long term. Wherever it exists, the operational objectives of a national SALW control initiative will dictate the appropriate type of SALW awareness activities. SALW awareness is a mass mobilization approach that delivers information on the SALW threat. It may take the form of formal or non-formal education and may use mass media techniques. In an emergency situation, due to lack of time and available data, it is the most practical way of communicating safety information. In other situations it can support community liaison.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":168, "Sentence":"In an emergency situation, due to lack of time and available data, it is the most practical way of communicating safety information.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary emergency situation due lack time available data practical way communicating safety information ." }, { "ID":168, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW awareness programme", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A programme of activities carried out with the overall goal of minimizing, and where possible eliminating, the negative consequences of inadequate SALW control by carrying out an appropriate combination of SALW advocacy,SALW risk education and media operations\/public information campaigns, which together work to change behaviours and introduce appropriate alternative ways attitudes over the long term. Wherever it exists, the operational objectives of a national SALW control initiative will dictate the appropriate type of SALW awareness activities. SALW awareness is a mass mobilization approach that delivers information on the SALW threat. It may take the form of formal or non-formal education and may use mass media techniques. In an emergency situation, due to lack of time and available data, it is the most practical way of communicating safety information. In other situations it can support community liaison.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":168, "Sentence":"In other situations it can support community liaison.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary situation support community liaison ." }, { "ID":169, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW advocacy", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A programme of activities that aim to raise SALW problems and issues with the general public, the authorities, the media, governments and their institutions to achieve changes at both institutional and\/or individual levels. These types of activities also include campaigns highlighting the SALW problems and issues with the aim of encouraging people to surrender weapons. This is generally carried out to support weapons collection programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":169, "Sentence":"A programme of activities that aim to raise SALW problems and issues with the general public, the authorities, the media, governments and their institutions to achieve changes at both institutional and\/or individual levels.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary programme activity aim raise salw problem issue general public authority medium government institution achieve change institutional and\/or individual level ." }, { "ID":169, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW advocacy", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A programme of activities that aim to raise SALW problems and issues with the general public, the authorities, the media, governments and their institutions to achieve changes at both institutional and\/or individual levels. These types of activities also include campaigns highlighting the SALW problems and issues with the aim of encouraging people to surrender weapons. This is generally carried out to support weapons collection programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":169, "Sentence":"These types of activities also include campaigns highlighting the SALW problems and issues with the aim of encouraging people to surrender weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary type activity also include campaign highlighting salw problem issue aim encouraging people surrender weapon ." }, { "ID":169, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW advocacy", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A programme of activities that aim to raise SALW problems and issues with the general public, the authorities, the media, governments and their institutions to achieve changes at both institutional and\/or individual levels. These types of activities also include campaigns highlighting the SALW problems and issues with the aim of encouraging people to surrender weapons. This is generally carried out to support weapons collection programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":169, "Sentence":"This is generally carried out to support weapons collection programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary generally carried support weapon collection programme ." }, { "ID":170, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Activities that, together, aim to reduce the social, economic and environmental impact of uncontrolled SALW spread and possession. These activities include cross-border control issues, legislative and regulatory measures, SALW awareness and communications strategies, SALW collection and destruction operations, SALW survey and the management of information and SALW stockpile management.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":170, "Sentence":"Activities that, together, aim to reduce the social, economic and environmental impact of uncontrolled SALW spread and possession.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary activity together aim reduce social economic environmental impact uncontrolled salw spread possession ." }, { "ID":170, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Activities that, together, aim to reduce the social, economic and environmental impact of uncontrolled SALW spread and possession. These activities include cross-border control issues, legislative and regulatory measures, SALW awareness and communications strategies, SALW collection and destruction operations, SALW survey and the management of information and SALW stockpile management.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":170, "Sentence":"These activities include cross-border control issues, legislative and regulatory measures, SALW awareness and communications strategies, SALW collection and destruction operations, SALW survey and the management of information and SALW stockpile management.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary activity include crossborder control issue legislative regulatory measure salw awareness communication strategy salw collection destruction operation salw survey management information salw stockpile management ." }, { "ID":171, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW risk education", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A process that encourages the adoption of safer behaviours by at-risk groups and by SALW holders, and which provides the links among affected communities, other SALW components and other sectors. SALW risk education can be implemented as a stand-alone activity, in contexts where no weapons collection is taking place. If an amnesty is to be set up at a later stage, risk education activities will permit an information campaign to take place efficiently, using the networks, systems and methods in place as part of the risk education programme and adapting the content accordingly. \\nSALW risk education is an essential component of SALW control. There are two related and mutually reinforcing components: (1) community involvement; and (2) public education. \\nGenerally, SALW risk education programmes can use both approaches, as they reinforce each other. They are not, however, alternatives to each other, nor are they alternatives to eradicating the SALW threat by weapons collection and destruction. The use of those approaches will also depend on whether a weapons collection programme is taking place or not.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":171, "Sentence":"A process that encourages the adoption of safer behaviours by at-risk groups and by SALW holders, and which provides the links among affected communities, other SALW components and other sectors.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary process encourages adoption safer behaviour atrisk group salw holder provides link among affected community salw component sector ." }, { "ID":171, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW risk education", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A process that encourages the adoption of safer behaviours by at-risk groups and by SALW holders, and which provides the links among affected communities, other SALW components and other sectors. SALW risk education can be implemented as a stand-alone activity, in contexts where no weapons collection is taking place. If an amnesty is to be set up at a later stage, risk education activities will permit an information campaign to take place efficiently, using the networks, systems and methods in place as part of the risk education programme and adapting the content accordingly. \\nSALW risk education is an essential component of SALW control. There are two related and mutually reinforcing components: (1) community involvement; and (2) public education. \\nGenerally, SALW risk education programmes can use both approaches, as they reinforce each other. They are not, however, alternatives to each other, nor are they alternatives to eradicating the SALW threat by weapons collection and destruction. The use of those approaches will also depend on whether a weapons collection programme is taking place or not.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":171, "Sentence":"SALW risk education can be implemented as a stand-alone activity, in contexts where no weapons collection is taking place.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary salw risk education implemented standalone activity context weapon collection taking place ." }, { "ID":171, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW risk education", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A process that encourages the adoption of safer behaviours by at-risk groups and by SALW holders, and which provides the links among affected communities, other SALW components and other sectors. SALW risk education can be implemented as a stand-alone activity, in contexts where no weapons collection is taking place. If an amnesty is to be set up at a later stage, risk education activities will permit an information campaign to take place efficiently, using the networks, systems and methods in place as part of the risk education programme and adapting the content accordingly. \\nSALW risk education is an essential component of SALW control. There are two related and mutually reinforcing components: (1) community involvement; and (2) public education. \\nGenerally, SALW risk education programmes can use both approaches, as they reinforce each other. They are not, however, alternatives to each other, nor are they alternatives to eradicating the SALW threat by weapons collection and destruction. The use of those approaches will also depend on whether a weapons collection programme is taking place or not.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":171, "Sentence":"If an amnesty is to be set up at a later stage, risk education activities will permit an information campaign to take place efficiently, using the networks, systems and methods in place as part of the risk education programme and adapting the content accordingly.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary amnesty set later stage risk education activity permit information campaign take place efficiently using network system method place part risk education programme adapting content accordingly ." }, { "ID":171, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW risk education", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A process that encourages the adoption of safer behaviours by at-risk groups and by SALW holders, and which provides the links among affected communities, other SALW components and other sectors. SALW risk education can be implemented as a stand-alone activity, in contexts where no weapons collection is taking place. If an amnesty is to be set up at a later stage, risk education activities will permit an information campaign to take place efficiently, using the networks, systems and methods in place as part of the risk education programme and adapting the content accordingly. \\nSALW risk education is an essential component of SALW control. There are two related and mutually reinforcing components: (1) community involvement; and (2) public education. \\nGenerally, SALW risk education programmes can use both approaches, as they reinforce each other. They are not, however, alternatives to each other, nor are they alternatives to eradicating the SALW threat by weapons collection and destruction. The use of those approaches will also depend on whether a weapons collection programme is taking place or not.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":171, "Sentence":"\\nSALW risk education is an essential component of SALW control.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary nsalw risk education essential component salw control ." }, { "ID":171, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW risk education", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A process that encourages the adoption of safer behaviours by at-risk groups and by SALW holders, and which provides the links among affected communities, other SALW components and other sectors. SALW risk education can be implemented as a stand-alone activity, in contexts where no weapons collection is taking place. If an amnesty is to be set up at a later stage, risk education activities will permit an information campaign to take place efficiently, using the networks, systems and methods in place as part of the risk education programme and adapting the content accordingly. \\nSALW risk education is an essential component of SALW control. There are two related and mutually reinforcing components: (1) community involvement; and (2) public education. \\nGenerally, SALW risk education programmes can use both approaches, as they reinforce each other. They are not, however, alternatives to each other, nor are they alternatives to eradicating the SALW threat by weapons collection and destruction. The use of those approaches will also depend on whether a weapons collection programme is taking place or not.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":171, "Sentence":"There are two related and mutually reinforcing components: (1) community involvement; and (2) public education.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary two related mutually reinforcing component 1 community involvement 2 public education ." }, { "ID":171, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW risk education", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A process that encourages the adoption of safer behaviours by at-risk groups and by SALW holders, and which provides the links among affected communities, other SALW components and other sectors. SALW risk education can be implemented as a stand-alone activity, in contexts where no weapons collection is taking place. If an amnesty is to be set up at a later stage, risk education activities will permit an information campaign to take place efficiently, using the networks, systems and methods in place as part of the risk education programme and adapting the content accordingly. \\nSALW risk education is an essential component of SALW control. There are two related and mutually reinforcing components: (1) community involvement; and (2) public education. \\nGenerally, SALW risk education programmes can use both approaches, as they reinforce each other. They are not, however, alternatives to each other, nor are they alternatives to eradicating the SALW threat by weapons collection and destruction. The use of those approaches will also depend on whether a weapons collection programme is taking place or not.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":171, "Sentence":"\\nGenerally, SALW risk education programmes can use both approaches, as they reinforce each other.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary ngenerally salw risk education programme use approach reinforce ." }, { "ID":171, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW risk education", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A process that encourages the adoption of safer behaviours by at-risk groups and by SALW holders, and which provides the links among affected communities, other SALW components and other sectors. SALW risk education can be implemented as a stand-alone activity, in contexts where no weapons collection is taking place. If an amnesty is to be set up at a later stage, risk education activities will permit an information campaign to take place efficiently, using the networks, systems and methods in place as part of the risk education programme and adapting the content accordingly. \\nSALW risk education is an essential component of SALW control. There are two related and mutually reinforcing components: (1) community involvement; and (2) public education. \\nGenerally, SALW risk education programmes can use both approaches, as they reinforce each other. They are not, however, alternatives to each other, nor are they alternatives to eradicating the SALW threat by weapons collection and destruction. The use of those approaches will also depend on whether a weapons collection programme is taking place or not.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":171, "Sentence":"They are not, however, alternatives to each other, nor are they alternatives to eradicating the SALW threat by weapons collection and destruction.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary however alternative alternative eradicating salw threat weapon collection destruction ." }, { "ID":171, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW risk education", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A process that encourages the adoption of safer behaviours by at-risk groups and by SALW holders, and which provides the links among affected communities, other SALW components and other sectors. SALW risk education can be implemented as a stand-alone activity, in contexts where no weapons collection is taking place. If an amnesty is to be set up at a later stage, risk education activities will permit an information campaign to take place efficiently, using the networks, systems and methods in place as part of the risk education programme and adapting the content accordingly. \\nSALW risk education is an essential component of SALW control. There are two related and mutually reinforcing components: (1) community involvement; and (2) public education. \\nGenerally, SALW risk education programmes can use both approaches, as they reinforce each other. They are not, however, alternatives to each other, nor are they alternatives to eradicating the SALW threat by weapons collection and destruction. The use of those approaches will also depend on whether a weapons collection programme is taking place or not.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":171, "Sentence":"The use of those approaches will also depend on whether a weapons collection programme is taking place or not.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary use approach also depend whether weapon collection programme taking place ." }, { "ID":172, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW survey", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A systematic and logical process to determine the nature and extent of SALW spread and impact within a region, nation or community in order to provide accurate data and information for a safe, effective and efficient intervention by an appropriate organisation. The following terms have been used in the past, though the preferred one is as indicated above: \u2018national assessment\u2019, \u2018base-line assessment\u2019 and \u2018mapping\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":172, "Sentence":"A systematic and logical process to determine the nature and extent of SALW spread and impact within a region, nation or community in order to provide accurate data and information for a safe, effective and efficient intervention by an appropriate organisation.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary systematic logical process determine nature extent salw spread impact within region nation community order provide accurate data information safe effective efficient intervention appropriate organisation ." }, { "ID":172, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"SALW survey", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A systematic and logical process to determine the nature and extent of SALW spread and impact within a region, nation or community in order to provide accurate data and information for a safe, effective and efficient intervention by an appropriate organisation. The following terms have been used in the past, though the preferred one is as indicated above: \u2018national assessment\u2019, \u2018base-line assessment\u2019 and \u2018mapping\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":172, "Sentence":"The following terms have been used in the past, though the preferred one is as indicated above: \u2018national assessment\u2019, \u2018base-line assessment\u2019 and \u2018mapping\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary following term used past though preferred one indicated \u2018 national assessment \u2019 \u2018 baseline assessment \u2019 \u2018 mapping \u2019 ." }, { "ID":173, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Security", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"An individual\u2019s or State\u2019s feeling of safety or well-being, protected from attack or violent conflict. OR The control of threat, integrated with an appropriate response capability.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":173, "Sentence":"An individual\u2019s or State\u2019s feeling of safety or well-being, protected from attack or violent conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary individual \u2019 state \u2019 feeling safety wellbeing protected attack violent conflict ." }, { "ID":173, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Security", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"An individual\u2019s or State\u2019s feeling of safety or well-being, protected from attack or violent conflict. OR The control of threat, integrated with an appropriate response capability.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":173, "Sentence":"OR The control of threat, integrated with an appropriate response capability.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary control threat integrated appropriate response capability ." }, { "ID":174, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Security sector reform (SSR)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"A dynamic concept involving the design and implementation of strategy for the management of security functions in a democratically accountable, efficient and effective manner to initiate and support reform of the national security infrastructure. The national security infrastructure includes appropriate national ministries, civil authorities, judicial systems, the armed forces, paramilitary forces, police, intelligence services, private\u2013military companies (PMCs), correctional services and civil society \u2018watch-dogs\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":174, "Sentence":"A dynamic concept involving the design and implementation of strategy for the management of security functions in a democratically accountable, efficient and effective manner to initiate and support reform of the national security infrastructure.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary dynamic concept involving design implementation strategy management security function democratically accountable efficient effective manner initiate support reform national security infrastructure ." }, { "ID":174, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Security sector reform (SSR)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"A dynamic concept involving the design and implementation of strategy for the management of security functions in a democratically accountable, efficient and effective manner to initiate and support reform of the national security infrastructure. The national security infrastructure includes appropriate national ministries, civil authorities, judicial systems, the armed forces, paramilitary forces, police, intelligence services, private\u2013military companies (PMCs), correctional services and civil society \u2018watch-dogs\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":174, "Sentence":"The national security infrastructure includes appropriate national ministries, civil authorities, judicial systems, the armed forces, paramilitary forces, police, intelligence services, private\u2013military companies (PMCs), correctional services and civil society \u2018watch-dogs\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary national security infrastructure includes appropriate national ministry civil authority judicial system armed force paramilitary force police intelligence service private\u2013military company pmcs correctional service civil society \u2018 watchdog \u2019 ." }, { "ID":175, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Sensitization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Sensitization within the DDR context refers to creating awareness, positive understanding and behavioural change towards: (1) specific components that are important to DDR planning, implementation and follow-up; and (2) transitional changes for ex-combatants, their dependants and surrounding communities, both during and post-DDR processes. For those who are planning and implementing DDR, sensitization can entail making sure that specific needs of women and children are included within DDR programme planning. It can consist of taking cultural traditions and values into consideration, depending on where the DDR process is taking place. For ex-combatants, their dependants and surrounding communities who are being sensitized, it means being prepared for and made aware of what will happen to them and their communities after being disarmed and demobilized, e.g., taking on new livelihoods, which will change both their lifestyle and environment. Such sensitization processes can occur with a number of tools: training and issue-specific workshops; media tools such as television, radio, print and poster campaigns; peer counselling, etc.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":175, "Sentence":"Sensitization within the DDR context refers to creating awareness, positive understanding and behavioural change towards: (1) specific components that are important to DDR planning, implementation and follow-up; and (2) transitional changes for ex-combatants, their dependants and surrounding communities, both during and post-DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary sensitization within ddr context refers creating awareness positive understanding behavioural change towards 1 specific component important ddr planning implementation followup 2 transitional change excombatants dependant surrounding community postddr process ." }, { "ID":175, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Sensitization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Sensitization within the DDR context refers to creating awareness, positive understanding and behavioural change towards: (1) specific components that are important to DDR planning, implementation and follow-up; and (2) transitional changes for ex-combatants, their dependants and surrounding communities, both during and post-DDR processes. For those who are planning and implementing DDR, sensitization can entail making sure that specific needs of women and children are included within DDR programme planning. It can consist of taking cultural traditions and values into consideration, depending on where the DDR process is taking place. For ex-combatants, their dependants and surrounding communities who are being sensitized, it means being prepared for and made aware of what will happen to them and their communities after being disarmed and demobilized, e.g., taking on new livelihoods, which will change both their lifestyle and environment. Such sensitization processes can occur with a number of tools: training and issue-specific workshops; media tools such as television, radio, print and poster campaigns; peer counselling, etc.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":175, "Sentence":"For those who are planning and implementing DDR, sensitization can entail making sure that specific needs of women and children are included within DDR programme planning.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary planning implementing ddr sensitization entail making sure specific need woman child included within ddr programme planning ." }, { "ID":175, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Sensitization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Sensitization within the DDR context refers to creating awareness, positive understanding and behavioural change towards: (1) specific components that are important to DDR planning, implementation and follow-up; and (2) transitional changes for ex-combatants, their dependants and surrounding communities, both during and post-DDR processes. For those who are planning and implementing DDR, sensitization can entail making sure that specific needs of women and children are included within DDR programme planning. It can consist of taking cultural traditions and values into consideration, depending on where the DDR process is taking place. For ex-combatants, their dependants and surrounding communities who are being sensitized, it means being prepared for and made aware of what will happen to them and their communities after being disarmed and demobilized, e.g., taking on new livelihoods, which will change both their lifestyle and environment. Such sensitization processes can occur with a number of tools: training and issue-specific workshops; media tools such as television, radio, print and poster campaigns; peer counselling, etc.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":175, "Sentence":"It can consist of taking cultural traditions and values into consideration, depending on where the DDR process is taking place.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary consist taking cultural tradition value consideration depending ddr process taking place ." }, { "ID":175, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Sensitization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Sensitization within the DDR context refers to creating awareness, positive understanding and behavioural change towards: (1) specific components that are important to DDR planning, implementation and follow-up; and (2) transitional changes for ex-combatants, their dependants and surrounding communities, both during and post-DDR processes. For those who are planning and implementing DDR, sensitization can entail making sure that specific needs of women and children are included within DDR programme planning. It can consist of taking cultural traditions and values into consideration, depending on where the DDR process is taking place. For ex-combatants, their dependants and surrounding communities who are being sensitized, it means being prepared for and made aware of what will happen to them and their communities after being disarmed and demobilized, e.g., taking on new livelihoods, which will change both their lifestyle and environment. Such sensitization processes can occur with a number of tools: training and issue-specific workshops; media tools such as television, radio, print and poster campaigns; peer counselling, etc.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":175, "Sentence":"For ex-combatants, their dependants and surrounding communities who are being sensitized, it means being prepared for and made aware of what will happen to them and their communities after being disarmed and demobilized, e.g., taking on new livelihoods, which will change both their lifestyle and environment.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary excombatants dependant surrounding community sensitized mean prepared made aware happen community disarmed demobilized e.g . taking new livelihood change lifestyle environment ." }, { "ID":175, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Sensitization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Sensitization within the DDR context refers to creating awareness, positive understanding and behavioural change towards: (1) specific components that are important to DDR planning, implementation and follow-up; and (2) transitional changes for ex-combatants, their dependants and surrounding communities, both during and post-DDR processes. For those who are planning and implementing DDR, sensitization can entail making sure that specific needs of women and children are included within DDR programme planning. It can consist of taking cultural traditions and values into consideration, depending on where the DDR process is taking place. For ex-combatants, their dependants and surrounding communities who are being sensitized, it means being prepared for and made aware of what will happen to them and their communities after being disarmed and demobilized, e.g., taking on new livelihoods, which will change both their lifestyle and environment. Such sensitization processes can occur with a number of tools: training and issue-specific workshops; media tools such as television, radio, print and poster campaigns; peer counselling, etc.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":175, "Sentence":"Such sensitization processes can occur with a number of tools: training and issue-specific workshops; media tools such as television, radio, print and poster campaigns; peer counselling, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary sensitization process occur number tool training issuespecific workshop medium tool television radio print poster campaign peer counselling etc ." }, { "ID":176, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Sentinel surveillance", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to represent the relevant experience of particular groups.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":176, "Sentence":"Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to represent the relevant experience of particular groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary surveillance based selected population sample chosen represent relevant experience particular group ." }, { "ID":177, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Sero-conversion ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":177, "Sentence":"The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary period blood start producing detectable antibody response hiv infection ." }, { "ID":178, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Sero-positive", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":178, "Sentence":"Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary hiv antibody hivpositive ." }, { "ID":179, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Sex", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and determined at birth.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":179, "Sentence":"The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and determined at birth.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary biological difference men woman universal determined birth ." }, { "ID":180, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Sex-disaggregated data", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women. The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":180, "Sentence":"Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary data collected presented separately men woman ." }, { "ID":180, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Sex-disaggregated data", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women. The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":180, "Sentence":"The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary availability sexdisaggregated data would describe proportion woman men girl boy associated armed force group essential precondition building genderresponsive policy intervention" }, { "ID":181, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Sexually transmitted infection (STI)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":181, "Sentence":"Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary disease commonly transmitted vaginal oral anal sex ." }, { "ID":181, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Sexually transmitted infection (STI)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":181, "Sentence":"The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary presence sti indicative risk behaviour also increase actual risk contracting hiv ." }, { "ID":182, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Small arms and light weapons (SALW)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"All lethal conventional weapons and ammunition that can be carried by an individual combatant or a light vehicle, that also do not require a substantial logistic and maintenance capability. There are a variety of definitions for SALW circulating and international consensus on a \u2018correct\u2019 definition has yet to be agreed. Based on common practice, weapons and ammunition up to 100 mm in calibre are usually considered as SALW. For the purposes of the IDDRS series, the above definition will be used.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":182, "Sentence":"All lethal conventional weapons and ammunition that can be carried by an individual combatant or a light vehicle, that also do not require a substantial logistic and maintenance capability.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary lethal conventional weapon ammunition carried individual combatant light vehicle also require substantial logistic maintenance capability ." }, { "ID":182, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Small arms and light weapons (SALW)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"All lethal conventional weapons and ammunition that can be carried by an individual combatant or a light vehicle, that also do not require a substantial logistic and maintenance capability. There are a variety of definitions for SALW circulating and international consensus on a \u2018correct\u2019 definition has yet to be agreed. Based on common practice, weapons and ammunition up to 100 mm in calibre are usually considered as SALW. For the purposes of the IDDRS series, the above definition will be used.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":182, "Sentence":"There are a variety of definitions for SALW circulating and international consensus on a \u2018correct\u2019 definition has yet to be agreed.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary variety definition salw circulating international consensus \u2018 correct \u2019 definition yet agreed ." }, { "ID":182, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Small arms and light weapons (SALW)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"All lethal conventional weapons and ammunition that can be carried by an individual combatant or a light vehicle, that also do not require a substantial logistic and maintenance capability. There are a variety of definitions for SALW circulating and international consensus on a \u2018correct\u2019 definition has yet to be agreed. Based on common practice, weapons and ammunition up to 100 mm in calibre are usually considered as SALW. For the purposes of the IDDRS series, the above definition will be used.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":182, "Sentence":"Based on common practice, weapons and ammunition up to 100 mm in calibre are usually considered as SALW.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary based common practice weapon ammunition 100 mm calibre usually considered salw ." }, { "ID":182, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Small arms and light weapons (SALW)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"All lethal conventional weapons and ammunition that can be carried by an individual combatant or a light vehicle, that also do not require a substantial logistic and maintenance capability. There are a variety of definitions for SALW circulating and international consensus on a \u2018correct\u2019 definition has yet to be agreed. Based on common practice, weapons and ammunition up to 100 mm in calibre are usually considered as SALW. For the purposes of the IDDRS series, the above definition will be used.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":182, "Sentence":"For the purposes of the IDDRS series, the above definition will be used.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary purpose iddrs series definition used ." }, { "ID":183, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Small arms capacity assessment (SACA)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The component of SALW survey that collects data on the local resources available to respond to the SALW problem.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":183, "Sentence":"The component of SALW survey that collects data on the local resources available to respond to the SALW problem.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary component salw survey collect data local resource available respond salw problem ." }, { "ID":184, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Small arms distribution assessment (SADA)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The component of SALW survey that collects data on the type, quantity, ownership, distribution and movement of SALW within the country or region.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":184, "Sentence":"The component of SALW survey that collects data on the type, quantity, ownership, distribution and movement of SALW within the country or region.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary component salw survey collect data type quantity ownership distribution movement salw within country region ." }, { "ID":185, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Small arms impact survey (SAIS) ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The component of SALW survey that collects data on the impact of SALW on the community and social and economic development.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":185, "Sentence":"The component of SALW survey that collects data on the impact of SALW on the community and social and economic development.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary component salw survey collect data impact salw community social economic development ." }, { "ID":186, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Small arms limitation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"See \u2018community disarmament\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":186, "Sentence":"See \u2018community disarmament\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary see \u2018 community disarmament \u2019 ." }, { "ID":187, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Small arms perception survey (SAPS)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The component of SALW survey that collects qualitative and quantitative information, using focus groups, interviews and household surveys, on the attitudes of the local community to SALW and possible interventions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":187, "Sentence":"The component of SALW survey that collects qualitative and quantitative information, using focus groups, interviews and household surveys, on the attitudes of the local community to SALW and possible interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary component salw survey collect qualitative quantitative information using focus group interview household survey attitude local community salw possible intervention ." }, { "ID":188, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Social capital ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The existence of a certain set of informal values or norms shared among members of a group that permit cooperation among them. The sharing of values and norms does not in itself produce social capital, because the values may be the wrong ones: the norms that produce social capital must substantively include virtues like truth-telling, the meeting of obligations and reciprocity. Note: There are multiple and nuanced definitions of social capital.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":188, "Sentence":"The existence of a certain set of informal values or norms shared among members of a group that permit cooperation among them.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary existence certain set informal value norm shared among member group permit cooperation among ." }, { "ID":188, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Social capital ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The existence of a certain set of informal values or norms shared among members of a group that permit cooperation among them. The sharing of values and norms does not in itself produce social capital, because the values may be the wrong ones: the norms that produce social capital must substantively include virtues like truth-telling, the meeting of obligations and reciprocity. Note: There are multiple and nuanced definitions of social capital.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":188, "Sentence":"The sharing of values and norms does not in itself produce social capital, because the values may be the wrong ones: the norms that produce social capital must substantively include virtues like truth-telling, the meeting of obligations and reciprocity.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary sharing value norm produce social capital value may wrong one norm produce social capital must substantively include virtue like truthtelling meeting obligation reciprocity ." }, { "ID":188, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Social capital ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The existence of a certain set of informal values or norms shared among members of a group that permit cooperation among them. The sharing of values and norms does not in itself produce social capital, because the values may be the wrong ones: the norms that produce social capital must substantively include virtues like truth-telling, the meeting of obligations and reciprocity. Note: There are multiple and nuanced definitions of social capital.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":188, "Sentence":"Note: There are multiple and nuanced definitions of social capital.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary note multiple nuanced definition social capital ." }, { "ID":189, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Stakeholders", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"A broad term used to denote all local, national and international actors who have an interest in the outcome of any particular DDR process. This includes participants and beneficiaries, parties to peace accords\/political frameworks, national authorities, all UN and partner implementing agencies, bilateral and multilateral donors, and regional actors and international political guarantors of the peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":189, "Sentence":"A broad term used to denote all local, national and international actors who have an interest in the outcome of any particular DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary broad term used denote local national international actor interest outcome particular ddr process ." }, { "ID":189, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Stakeholders", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"A broad term used to denote all local, national and international actors who have an interest in the outcome of any particular DDR process. This includes participants and beneficiaries, parties to peace accords\/political frameworks, national authorities, all UN and partner implementing agencies, bilateral and multilateral donors, and regional actors and international political guarantors of the peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":189, "Sentence":"This includes participants and beneficiaries, parties to peace accords\/political frameworks, national authorities, all UN and partner implementing agencies, bilateral and multilateral donors, and regional actors and international political guarantors of the peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary includes participant beneficiary party peace accords\/political framework national authority un partner implementing agency bilateral multilateral donor regional actor international political guarantor peace process ." }, { "ID":190, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Standard", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"A documented agreement containing technical specifications or other precise criteria to be used consistently as rules, guidelines or definitions of characteristics to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their purpose. IDDRS aim to improve safety and efficiency in DDR operations by encouraging the use of the preferred procedures and practices at both Headquarters and field level. To be effective, the standards should be definable, measurable, achievable and verifiable.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":190, "Sentence":"A documented agreement containing technical specifications or other precise criteria to be used consistently as rules, guidelines or definitions of characteristics to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their purpose.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary documented agreement containing technical specification precise criterion used consistently rule guideline definition characteristic ensure material product process service fit purpose ." }, { "ID":190, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Standard", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"A documented agreement containing technical specifications or other precise criteria to be used consistently as rules, guidelines or definitions of characteristics to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their purpose. IDDRS aim to improve safety and efficiency in DDR operations by encouraging the use of the preferred procedures and practices at both Headquarters and field level. To be effective, the standards should be definable, measurable, achievable and verifiable.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":190, "Sentence":"IDDRS aim to improve safety and efficiency in DDR operations by encouraging the use of the preferred procedures and practices at both Headquarters and field level.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary iddrs aim improve safety efficiency ddr operation encouraging use preferred procedure practice headquarters field level ." }, { "ID":190, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Standard", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"A documented agreement containing technical specifications or other precise criteria to be used consistently as rules, guidelines or definitions of characteristics to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their purpose. IDDRS aim to improve safety and efficiency in DDR operations by encouraging the use of the preferred procedures and practices at both Headquarters and field level. To be effective, the standards should be definable, measurable, achievable and verifiable.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":190, "Sentence":"To be effective, the standards should be definable, measurable, achievable and verifiable.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary effective standard definable measurable achievable verifiable ." }, { "ID":191, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"STI syndromic management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diagnose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":191, "Sentence":"A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diagnose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary costeffective approach allows health worker diagnose sexually transmitted infection basis patient \u2019 history symptom without need laboratory analysis ." }, { "ID":191, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"STI syndromic management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diagnose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":191, "Sentence":"Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary treatment normally includes use broadspectrum antibiotic ." }, { "ID":192, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Stockpile", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":192, "Sentence":"In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary context ddr term refers large accumulated stock weapon explosive ordnance ." }, { "ID":193, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Stockpile destruction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The physical activities and destructive procedures towards a continual reduction of the national stockpile.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":193, "Sentence":"The physical activities and destructive procedures towards a continual reduction of the national stockpile.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary physical activity destructive procedure towards continual reduction national stockpile ." }, { "ID":194, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Strategic gender needs", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to structural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making.The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with strategic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":194, "Sentence":"Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to structural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary longterm need usually material often related structural change society regarding woman \u2019 status equity ." }, { "ID":194, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Strategic gender needs", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to structural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making.The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with strategic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":194, "Sentence":"They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making.The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary include legislation equal right reproductive choice increased participation decisionmaking.the notion \u2018 strategic gender need \u2019 first coined 1985 maxine molyneux helped develop gender planning policy development tool moser framework currently used development institution around world ." }, { "ID":194, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Strategic gender needs", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to structural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making.The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with strategic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":194, "Sentence":"Interventions dealing with strategic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary intervention dealing strategic gender interest focus fundamental issue related woman \u2019 le often men \u2019 subordination gender inequity ." }, { "ID":195, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Sustainable livelihoods approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabilities and assets now and in the future.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":195, "Sentence":"Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabilities and assets now and in the future.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary approach try ensure household cope recover stress shock maintain improve capability asset future ." }, { "ID":196, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Tolerable risk", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Risk that is accepted in a given context on the basis of the current values of society (ISO Guide 51: 1999 [E]).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":196, "Sentence":"Risk that is accepted in a given context on the basis of the current values of society (ISO Guide 51: 1999 [E]).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary risk accepted given context basis current value society iso guide 51 1999 e ." }, { "ID":197, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Transition", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"The period in a crisis when external assistance is most crucial in supporting or underpinning still fragile ceasefires or peace processes by helping to create the conditions for political stability, security, justice and social equity. Thus, peace-building is the area where UN activities in a transition context intersect. Consolidating peace remains the overarching aim of transition.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":197, "Sentence":"The period in a crisis when external assistance is most crucial in supporting or underpinning still fragile ceasefires or peace processes by helping to create the conditions for political stability, security, justice and social equity.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary period crisis external assistance crucial supporting underpinning still fragile ceasefires peace process helping create condition political stability security justice social equity ." }, { "ID":197, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Transition", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"The period in a crisis when external assistance is most crucial in supporting or underpinning still fragile ceasefires or peace processes by helping to create the conditions for political stability, security, justice and social equity. Thus, peace-building is the area where UN activities in a transition context intersect. Consolidating peace remains the overarching aim of transition.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":197, "Sentence":"Thus, peace-building is the area where UN activities in a transition context intersect.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary thus peacebuilding area un activity transition context intersect ." }, { "ID":197, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Transition", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"The period in a crisis when external assistance is most crucial in supporting or underpinning still fragile ceasefires or peace processes by helping to create the conditions for political stability, security, justice and social equity. Thus, peace-building is the area where UN activities in a transition context intersect. Consolidating peace remains the overarching aim of transition.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":197, "Sentence":"Consolidating peace remains the overarching aim of transition.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary consolidating peace remains overarching aim transition ." }, { "ID":198, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Transitional justice", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Transitional justice comprises the full range of processes and mechanisms associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. These may include both judicial and non-judicial mechanisms, with differing levels of international involvement (or none at all) and individual prosecutions, reparations, truth-seeking, institutional reform, vetting and dismissals, or a combination thereof.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":198, "Sentence":"Transitional justice comprises the full range of processes and mechanisms associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary transitional justice comprises full range process mechanism associated society \u2019 attempt come term legacy largescale past abuse order ensure accountability serve justice achieve reconciliation ." }, { "ID":198, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Transitional justice", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Transitional justice comprises the full range of processes and mechanisms associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. These may include both judicial and non-judicial mechanisms, with differing levels of international involvement (or none at all) and individual prosecutions, reparations, truth-seeking, institutional reform, vetting and dismissals, or a combination thereof.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":198, "Sentence":"These may include both judicial and non-judicial mechanisms, with differing levels of international involvement (or none at all) and individual prosecutions, reparations, truth-seeking, institutional reform, vetting and dismissals, or a combination thereof.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary may include judicial nonjudicial mechanism differing level international involvement none individual prosecution reparation truthseeking institutional reform vetting dismissal combination thereof ." }, { "ID":199, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Transparency", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Free and open access to information that enables civil society to perform its regulatory function. Transparency is sometimes used as a synonym for accountability in governance.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":199, "Sentence":"Free and open access to information that enables civil society to perform its regulatory function.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary free open access information enables civil society perform regulatory function ." }, { "ID":199, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Transparency", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Free and open access to information that enables civil society to perform its regulatory function. Transparency is sometimes used as a synonym for accountability in governance.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":199, "Sentence":"Transparency is sometimes used as a synonym for accountability in governance.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary transparency sometimes used synonym accountability governance ." }, { "ID":200, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"UN development assistance framework (UNDAF)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"UNDAF is the common strategic framework for the operational activities of the UN system at the country level. It provides a collective, coherent and integrated UN system response to national priorities and needs, including PRSPs and equivalent national strategies, within the framework of the Millennium Development Goals and the commitments, goals and targets of the Millennium Declaration and international conferences, summits, conventions and human rights instruments of the UN system (UN, Common Country Assessment and United Nations Development Assistance Framework: Guidelines for UN Country Teams, 2004).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":200, "Sentence":"UNDAF is the common strategic framework for the operational activities of the UN system at the country level.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary undaf common strategic framework operational activity un system country level ." }, { "ID":200, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"UN development assistance framework (UNDAF)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"UNDAF is the common strategic framework for the operational activities of the UN system at the country level. It provides a collective, coherent and integrated UN system response to national priorities and needs, including PRSPs and equivalent national strategies, within the framework of the Millennium Development Goals and the commitments, goals and targets of the Millennium Declaration and international conferences, summits, conventions and human rights instruments of the UN system (UN, Common Country Assessment and United Nations Development Assistance Framework: Guidelines for UN Country Teams, 2004).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":200, "Sentence":"It provides a collective, coherent and integrated UN system response to national priorities and needs, including PRSPs and equivalent national strategies, within the framework of the Millennium Development Goals and the commitments, goals and targets of the Millennium Declaration and international conferences, summits, conventions and human rights instruments of the UN system (UN, Common Country Assessment and United Nations Development Assistance Framework: Guidelines for UN Country Teams, 2004).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary provides collective coherent integrated un system response national priority need including prsps equivalent national strategy within framework millennium development goal commitment goal target millennium declaration international conference summit convention human right instrument un system un common country assessment united nation development assistance framework guideline un country team 2004 ." }, { "ID":201, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Unexploded ordnance (UXO) ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Explosive ordnance that has been primed, fuzed, armed or otherwise prepared for action, and which has been dropped, fired, launched, projected or placed in such a manner as to be a hazard to operations, installations, personnel or material, and remains unexploded either by malfunction or design or for any other cause.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":201, "Sentence":"Explosive ordnance that has been primed, fuzed, armed or otherwise prepared for action, and which has been dropped, fired, launched, projected or placed in such a manner as to be a hazard to operations, installations, personnel or material, and remains unexploded either by malfunction or design or for any other cause.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary explosive ordnance primed fuzed armed otherwise prepared action dropped fired launched projected placed manner hazard operation installation personnel material remains unexploded either malfunction design cause ." }, { "ID":202, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Universal precautions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\nUse of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recommended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equipment is not available. \\nDiscard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\nDocument the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percutaneous procedures. \\nWash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\nDisinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\nHandle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as possible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":202, "Sentence":"Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary simple infection control measure reduce risk transmission blood borne pathogen exposure blood body fluid among patient health care worker ." }, { "ID":202, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Universal precautions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\nUse of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recommended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equipment is not available. \\nDiscard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\nDocument the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percutaneous procedures. \\nWash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\nDisinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\nHandle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as possible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":202, "Sentence":"Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary \u2018 universal precaution \u2019 principle blood body fluid person considered infected hiv regardless known supposed status person ." }, { "ID":202, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Universal precautions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\nUse of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recommended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equipment is not available. \\nDiscard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\nDocument the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percutaneous procedures. \\nWash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\nDisinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\nHandle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as possible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":202, "Sentence":"\\nUse of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recommended.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary nuse new singleuse disposable injection equipment injection highly recommended ." }, { "ID":202, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Universal precautions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\nUse of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recommended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equipment is not available. \\nDiscard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\nDocument the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percutaneous procedures. \\nWash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\nDisinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\nHandle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as possible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":202, "Sentence":"Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equipment is not available.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary sterilising injection equipment considered singleuse equipment available ." }, { "ID":202, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Universal precautions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\nUse of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recommended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equipment is not available. \\nDiscard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\nDocument the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percutaneous procedures. \\nWash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\nDisinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\nHandle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as possible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":202, "Sentence":"\\nDiscard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary ndiscard contaminated sharp immediately without recapping puncture liquidproof container closed sealed destroyed completely full ." }, { "ID":202, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Universal precautions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\nUse of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recommended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equipment is not available. \\nDiscard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\nDocument the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percutaneous procedures. \\nWash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\nDisinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\nHandle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as possible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":202, "Sentence":"\\nDocument the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percutaneous procedures.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary ndocument quality sterilization medical equipment used percutaneous procedure ." }, { "ID":202, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Universal precautions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\nUse of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recommended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equipment is not available. \\nDiscard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\nDocument the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percutaneous procedures. \\nWash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\nDisinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\nHandle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as possible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":202, "Sentence":"\\nWash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary nwash hand soap water procedure use protective barrier glove gown apron mask goggles direct contact blood body fluid ." }, { "ID":202, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Universal precautions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\nUse of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recommended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equipment is not available. \\nDiscard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\nDocument the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percutaneous procedures. \\nWash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\nDisinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\nHandle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as possible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":202, "Sentence":"\\nDisinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary ndisinfect instrument contaminated equipment ." }, { "ID":202, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Universal precautions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\nUse of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recommended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equipment is not available. \\nDiscard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\nDocument the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percutaneous procedures. \\nWash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\nDisinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\nHandle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as possible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":202, "Sentence":"\\nHandle properly soiled linen with care.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary nhandle properly soiled linen care ." }, { "ID":202, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Universal precautions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\nUse of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recommended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equipment is not available. \\nDiscard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\nDocument the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percutaneous procedures. \\nWash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\nDisinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\nHandle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as possible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":202, "Sentence":"Soiled linen should be handled as little as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary soiled linen handled little possible ." }, { "ID":202, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Universal precautions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\nUse of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recommended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equipment is not available. \\nDiscard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\nDocument the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percutaneous procedures. \\nWash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\nDisinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\nHandle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as possible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":202, "Sentence":"Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary glove leakproof bag used necessary ." }, { "ID":202, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Universal precautions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\nUse of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recommended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equipment is not available. \\nDiscard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\nDocument the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percutaneous procedures. \\nWash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\nDisinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\nHandle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as possible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":202, "Sentence":"Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary cleaning occur outside patient area using detergent hot water ." }, { "ID":203, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Verification", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that specified requirements have been fulfilled (ISO 9000:2000).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":203, "Sentence":"Confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that specified requirements have been fulfilled (ISO 9000:2000).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary confirmation provision objective evidence specified requirement fulfilled iso 90002000 ." }, { "ID":204, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Violence", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or a group or community that either results in, or has a high likelihood of resulting in, injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":204, "Sentence":"The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or a group or community that either results in, or has a high likelihood of resulting in, injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary intentional use physical force power threatened actual oneself another person group community either result high likelihood resulting injury death psychological harm maldevelopment deprivation ." }, { "ID":205, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Violence against women\/Gender-based violence", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Defined as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: (a) Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including battering, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non-spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; (b) Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educational institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; (c) Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs\u201d (UN General Assembly Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women, 1993).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":205, "Sentence":"Defined as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary defined \u201c act genderbased violence result likely result physical sexual psychological harm suffering woman including threat act coercion arbitrary deprivation liberty whether occurring public private ." }, { "ID":205, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Violence against women\/Gender-based violence", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Defined as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: (a) Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including battering, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non-spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; (b) Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educational institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; (c) Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs\u201d (UN General Assembly Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women, 1993).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":205, "Sentence":"Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: (a) Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including battering, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non-spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; (b) Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educational institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; (c) Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs\u201d (UN General Assembly Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women, 1993).", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary violence woman shall understood encompass limited following physical sexual psychological violence occurring family including battering sexual abuse female child household dowryrelated violence marital rape female genital mutilation traditional practice harmful woman nonspousal violence violence related exploitation b physical sexual psychological violence occurring within general community including rape sexual abuse sexual harassment intimidation work educational institution elsewhere trafficking woman forced prostitution c physical sexual psychological violence perpetrated condoned state wherever occurs \u201d un general assembly declaration elimination violence woman 1993 ." }, { "ID":206, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Voluntary contributions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Financial support that Member States pledge (often in a donors\u2019 conference) and commit on a case-by-case basis to support programme implementation. Contributions can be made to UN or non-UN trust funds. At times, donors implement their contributions through their own bilateral aid agency or directly through non-government organizations.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":206, "Sentence":"Financial support that Member States pledge (often in a donors\u2019 conference) and commit on a case-by-case basis to support programme implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary financial support member state pledge often donor \u2019 conference commit casebycase basis support programme implementation ." }, { "ID":206, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Voluntary contributions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Financial support that Member States pledge (often in a donors\u2019 conference) and commit on a case-by-case basis to support programme implementation. Contributions can be made to UN or non-UN trust funds. At times, donors implement their contributions through their own bilateral aid agency or directly through non-government organizations.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":206, "Sentence":"Contributions can be made to UN or non-UN trust funds.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary contribution made un nonun trust fund ." }, { "ID":206, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Voluntary contributions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Financial support that Member States pledge (often in a donors\u2019 conference) and commit on a case-by-case basis to support programme implementation. Contributions can be made to UN or non-UN trust funds. At times, donors implement their contributions through their own bilateral aid agency or directly through non-government organizations.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":206, "Sentence":"At times, donors implement their contributions through their own bilateral aid agency or directly through non-government organizations.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary time donor implement contribution bilateral aid agency directly nongovernment organization ." }, { "ID":207, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Voluntary HIV testing", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":207, "Sentence":"A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary clientinitiated hiv test whereby individual chooses go testing facility\/provider find his\/her hiv status ." }, { "ID":208, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Voluntary surrender", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The physical return on their own accord by an individual(s) or community of SALW to the legal government or an international organization with no further penalty.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":208, "Sentence":"The physical return on their own accord by an individual(s) or community of SALW to the legal government or an international organization with no further penalty.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary physical return accord individual community salw legal government international organization penalty ." }, { "ID":209, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Vulnerability", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The high probability of exposure to risks and reduced capacity to overcome their negative results. Vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes, which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":209, "Sentence":"The high probability of exposure to risks and reduced capacity to overcome their negative results.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary high probability exposure risk reduced capacity overcome negative result ." }, { "ID":209, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Vulnerability", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The high probability of exposure to risks and reduced capacity to overcome their negative results. Vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes, which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":209, "Sentence":"Vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes, which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary vulnerability result exposure risk factor underlying socioeconomic process reduce capacity population cope risk ." }, { "ID":210, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Weapon", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Anything used, designed or used or intended for use: \\n(1) in causing death or injury to any person; or \\n(2) for the purposes of threatening or intimidating any person and, without restricting the generality of the foregoing, includes a firearm.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":210, "Sentence":"Anything used, designed or used or intended for use: \\n(1) in causing death or injury to any person; or \\n(2) for the purposes of threatening or intimidating any person and, without restricting the generality of the foregoing, includes a firearm.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary anything used designed used intended use n1 causing death injury person n2 purpose threatening intimidating person without restricting generality foregoing includes firearm ." }, { "ID":211, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Weapons collection point (WCP)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"A temporary, or semi-permanent, location laid out in accordance with the principles of explosive and weapons safety, which is designed to act as a focal point for the surrender of SALW by the civil community.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":211, "Sentence":"A temporary, or semi-permanent, location laid out in accordance with the principles of explosive and weapons safety, which is designed to act as a focal point for the surrender of SALW by the civil community.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary temporary semipermanent location laid accordance principle explosive weapon safety designed act focal point surrender salw civil community ." }, { "ID":212, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Weapons in competition for development (WCD)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The direct linkage between the voluntary surrender of small arms and light weapons by competing communities in exchange for an agreed proportion of small-scale infrastructure development by the legal government, an international organization or NGO", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":212, "Sentence":"The direct linkage between the voluntary surrender of small arms and light weapons by competing communities in exchange for an agreed proportion of small-scale infrastructure development by the legal government, an international organization or NGO", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary direct linkage voluntary surrender small arm light weapon competing community exchange agreed proportion smallscale infrastructure development legal government international organization ngo" }, { "ID":213, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Weapons control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Regulation of the possession and use of firearms and other lethal weapons by citizens through legal issuances (e.g., laws, regulations, decrees, etc.).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":213, "Sentence":"Regulation of the possession and use of firearms and other lethal weapons by citizens through legal issuances (e.g., laws, regulations, decrees, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary regulation possession use firearm lethal weapon citizen legal issuance e.g . law regulation decree etc ." }, { "ID":213, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Weapons control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Regulation of the possession and use of firearms and other lethal weapons by citizens through legal issuances (e.g., laws, regulations, decrees, etc.).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":213, "Sentence":").", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary ." }, { "ID":214, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Weapons in exchange for development (WED; WfD)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The indirect linkage between the voluntary surrender of small arms and light weapons by the community as a whole in exchange for the provision of sustainable infrastructure development by the legal government, an international organization or NGO.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":214, "Sentence":"The indirect linkage between the voluntary surrender of small arms and light weapons by the community as a whole in exchange for the provision of sustainable infrastructure development by the legal government, an international organization or NGO.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary indirect linkage voluntary surrender small arm light weapon community whole exchange provision sustainable infrastructure development legal government international organization ngo ." }, { "ID":215, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Weapons in exchange for incentives (WEI)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The direct linkage between the voluntary surrender of small arms and light weapons by individuals in exchange for the provision of appropriate materials by the legal government, an international organization or an NGO.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":215, "Sentence":"The direct linkage between the voluntary surrender of small arms and light weapons by individuals in exchange for the provision of appropriate materials by the legal government, an international organization or an NGO.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary direct linkage voluntary surrender small arm light weapon individual exchange provision appropriate material legal government international organization ngo ." }, { "ID":216, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Weapons linked to development (WLD)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The direct linkage between the voluntary surrender of small arms and light weapons by the community as a whole in return for an increase in ongoing development assistance by the legal government, an international organization or an NGO.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":216, "Sentence":"The direct linkage between the voluntary surrender of small arms and light weapons by the community as a whole in return for an increase in ongoing development assistance by the legal government, an international organization or an NGO.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary direct linkage voluntary surrender small arm light weapon community whole return increase ongoing development assistance legal government international organization ngo ." }, { "ID":217, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Weapons management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Within the DDR context, weapons management refers to the handling, administration and oversight of surrendered weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance (UXO) whether received, disposed of, destroyed or kept in long-term storage. An integral part of managing weapons during the DDR process is their registration, which should preferably be managed by international and government agencies, and local police, and monitored by international forces. A good inventory list of weapons\u2019 serial numbers allows for the effective tracing and tracking of weapons\u2019 future usage. During voluntary weapons collections, food or money-related incentives are given in order to encourage registration. \\nAlternately, weapons management refers to a national government\u2019s administration of its own legal weapons stock. Such administration includes registration, according to national legislation, of the type, number, location and condition of weapons. In addition, a national government\u2019s implementation of its transfer controls of weapons, to decrease illicit weapons\u2019 flow, and regulations for weapons\u2019 export and import authorizations (within existing State responsibilities), also fall under this definition.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":217, "Sentence":"Within the DDR context, weapons management refers to the handling, administration and oversight of surrendered weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance (UXO) whether received, disposed of, destroyed or kept in long-term storage.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary within ddr context weapon management refers handling administration oversight surrendered weapon ammunition unexploded ordnance uxo whether received disposed destroyed kept longterm storage ." }, { "ID":217, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Weapons management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Within the DDR context, weapons management refers to the handling, administration and oversight of surrendered weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance (UXO) whether received, disposed of, destroyed or kept in long-term storage. An integral part of managing weapons during the DDR process is their registration, which should preferably be managed by international and government agencies, and local police, and monitored by international forces. A good inventory list of weapons\u2019 serial numbers allows for the effective tracing and tracking of weapons\u2019 future usage. During voluntary weapons collections, food or money-related incentives are given in order to encourage registration. \\nAlternately, weapons management refers to a national government\u2019s administration of its own legal weapons stock. Such administration includes registration, according to national legislation, of the type, number, location and condition of weapons. In addition, a national government\u2019s implementation of its transfer controls of weapons, to decrease illicit weapons\u2019 flow, and regulations for weapons\u2019 export and import authorizations (within existing State responsibilities), also fall under this definition.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":217, "Sentence":"An integral part of managing weapons during the DDR process is their registration, which should preferably be managed by international and government agencies, and local police, and monitored by international forces.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary integral part managing weapon ddr process registration preferably managed international government agency local police monitored international force ." }, { "ID":217, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Weapons management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Within the DDR context, weapons management refers to the handling, administration and oversight of surrendered weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance (UXO) whether received, disposed of, destroyed or kept in long-term storage. An integral part of managing weapons during the DDR process is their registration, which should preferably be managed by international and government agencies, and local police, and monitored by international forces. A good inventory list of weapons\u2019 serial numbers allows for the effective tracing and tracking of weapons\u2019 future usage. During voluntary weapons collections, food or money-related incentives are given in order to encourage registration. \\nAlternately, weapons management refers to a national government\u2019s administration of its own legal weapons stock. Such administration includes registration, according to national legislation, of the type, number, location and condition of weapons. In addition, a national government\u2019s implementation of its transfer controls of weapons, to decrease illicit weapons\u2019 flow, and regulations for weapons\u2019 export and import authorizations (within existing State responsibilities), also fall under this definition.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":217, "Sentence":"A good inventory list of weapons\u2019 serial numbers allows for the effective tracing and tracking of weapons\u2019 future usage.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary good inventory list weapon \u2019 serial number allows effective tracing tracking weapon \u2019 future usage ." }, { "ID":217, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Weapons management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Within the DDR context, weapons management refers to the handling, administration and oversight of surrendered weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance (UXO) whether received, disposed of, destroyed or kept in long-term storage. An integral part of managing weapons during the DDR process is their registration, which should preferably be managed by international and government agencies, and local police, and monitored by international forces. A good inventory list of weapons\u2019 serial numbers allows for the effective tracing and tracking of weapons\u2019 future usage. During voluntary weapons collections, food or money-related incentives are given in order to encourage registration. \\nAlternately, weapons management refers to a national government\u2019s administration of its own legal weapons stock. Such administration includes registration, according to national legislation, of the type, number, location and condition of weapons. In addition, a national government\u2019s implementation of its transfer controls of weapons, to decrease illicit weapons\u2019 flow, and regulations for weapons\u2019 export and import authorizations (within existing State responsibilities), also fall under this definition.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":217, "Sentence":"During voluntary weapons collections, food or money-related incentives are given in order to encourage registration.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary voluntary weapon collection food moneyrelated incentive given order encourage registration ." }, { "ID":217, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Weapons management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Within the DDR context, weapons management refers to the handling, administration and oversight of surrendered weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance (UXO) whether received, disposed of, destroyed or kept in long-term storage. An integral part of managing weapons during the DDR process is their registration, which should preferably be managed by international and government agencies, and local police, and monitored by international forces. A good inventory list of weapons\u2019 serial numbers allows for the effective tracing and tracking of weapons\u2019 future usage. During voluntary weapons collections, food or money-related incentives are given in order to encourage registration. \\nAlternately, weapons management refers to a national government\u2019s administration of its own legal weapons stock. Such administration includes registration, according to national legislation, of the type, number, location and condition of weapons. In addition, a national government\u2019s implementation of its transfer controls of weapons, to decrease illicit weapons\u2019 flow, and regulations for weapons\u2019 export and import authorizations (within existing State responsibilities), also fall under this definition.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":217, "Sentence":"\\nAlternately, weapons management refers to a national government\u2019s administration of its own legal weapons stock.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary nalternately weapon management refers national government \u2019 administration legal weapon stock ." }, { "ID":217, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Weapons management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Within the DDR context, weapons management refers to the handling, administration and oversight of surrendered weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance (UXO) whether received, disposed of, destroyed or kept in long-term storage. An integral part of managing weapons during the DDR process is their registration, which should preferably be managed by international and government agencies, and local police, and monitored by international forces. A good inventory list of weapons\u2019 serial numbers allows for the effective tracing and tracking of weapons\u2019 future usage. During voluntary weapons collections, food or money-related incentives are given in order to encourage registration. \\nAlternately, weapons management refers to a national government\u2019s administration of its own legal weapons stock. Such administration includes registration, according to national legislation, of the type, number, location and condition of weapons. In addition, a national government\u2019s implementation of its transfer controls of weapons, to decrease illicit weapons\u2019 flow, and regulations for weapons\u2019 export and import authorizations (within existing State responsibilities), also fall under this definition.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":217, "Sentence":"Such administration includes registration, according to national legislation, of the type, number, location and condition of weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary administration includes registration according national legislation type number location condition weapon ." }, { "ID":217, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Weapons management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Within the DDR context, weapons management refers to the handling, administration and oversight of surrendered weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance (UXO) whether received, disposed of, destroyed or kept in long-term storage. An integral part of managing weapons during the DDR process is their registration, which should preferably be managed by international and government agencies, and local police, and monitored by international forces. A good inventory list of weapons\u2019 serial numbers allows for the effective tracing and tracking of weapons\u2019 future usage. During voluntary weapons collections, food or money-related incentives are given in order to encourage registration. \\nAlternately, weapons management refers to a national government\u2019s administration of its own legal weapons stock. Such administration includes registration, according to national legislation, of the type, number, location and condition of weapons. In addition, a national government\u2019s implementation of its transfer controls of weapons, to decrease illicit weapons\u2019 flow, and regulations for weapons\u2019 export and import authorizations (within existing State responsibilities), also fall under this definition.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":217, "Sentence":"In addition, a national government\u2019s implementation of its transfer controls of weapons, to decrease illicit weapons\u2019 flow, and regulations for weapons\u2019 export and import authorizations (within existing State responsibilities), also fall under this definition.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary addition national government \u2019 implementation transfer control weapon decrease illicit weapon \u2019 flow regulation weapon \u2019 export import authorization within existing state responsibility also fall definition ." }, { "ID":218, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Window period", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s production of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":218, "Sentence":"The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s production of antibodies, which can be up to three months.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary time period initial infection hiv body \u2019 production antibody three month ." }, { "ID":218, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Window period", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s production of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":218, "Sentence":"During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary time hiv test antibody may negative even though person virus infect others ." }, { "ID":219, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Working age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"The Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) contains provisions aimed at protecting young persons against hazardous or exploitative activities or conditions of work. It requires the setting not only of a general minimum age for admission to work \u2014 which cannot be less than age 15 and, according to its accompanying Recommendation No. 146, should be progressively raised to age 16 \u2014 but also of a higher minimum age of 18 for admission to work likely to jeopardize the health, safety or morals of young persons.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":219, "Sentence":"The Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary minimum age convention 1973 ." }, { "ID":219, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Working age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"The Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) contains provisions aimed at protecting young persons against hazardous or exploitative activities or conditions of work. It requires the setting not only of a general minimum age for admission to work \u2014 which cannot be less than age 15 and, according to its accompanying Recommendation No. 146, should be progressively raised to age 16 \u2014 but also of a higher minimum age of 18 for admission to work likely to jeopardize the health, safety or morals of young persons.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":219, "Sentence":"138) contains provisions aimed at protecting young persons against hazardous or exploitative activities or conditions of work.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary 138 contains provision aimed protecting young person hazardous exploitative activity condition work ." }, { "ID":219, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Working age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"The Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) contains provisions aimed at protecting young persons against hazardous or exploitative activities or conditions of work. It requires the setting not only of a general minimum age for admission to work \u2014 which cannot be less than age 15 and, according to its accompanying Recommendation No. 146, should be progressively raised to age 16 \u2014 but also of a higher minimum age of 18 for admission to work likely to jeopardize the health, safety or morals of young persons.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":219, "Sentence":"It requires the setting not only of a general minimum age for admission to work \u2014 which cannot be less than age 15 and, according to its accompanying Recommendation No.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary requires setting general minimum age admission work \u2014 le age 15 according accompanying recommendation ." }, { "ID":219, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Working age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"The Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) contains provisions aimed at protecting young persons against hazardous or exploitative activities or conditions of work. It requires the setting not only of a general minimum age for admission to work \u2014 which cannot be less than age 15 and, according to its accompanying Recommendation No. 146, should be progressively raised to age 16 \u2014 but also of a higher minimum age of 18 for admission to work likely to jeopardize the health, safety or morals of young persons.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":219, "Sentence":"146, should be progressively raised to age 16 \u2014 but also of a higher minimum age of 18 for admission to work likely to jeopardize the health, safety or morals of young persons.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary 146 progressively raised age 16 \u2014 also higher minimum age 18 admission work likely jeopardize health safety moral young person ." }, { "ID":220, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Worst forms of child labour", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"The Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) aims at putting an end to the involvement of all persons under age 18 in the harmful activities it lists. Forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict is listed as one of the worst forms of child labour.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":220, "Sentence":"The Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary worst form child labour convention 1999 ." }, { "ID":220, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Worst forms of child labour", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"The Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) aims at putting an end to the involvement of all persons under age 18 in the harmful activities it lists. Forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict is listed as one of the worst forms of child labour.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":220, "Sentence":"182) aims at putting an end to the involvement of all persons under age 18 in the harmful activities it lists.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary 182 aim putting end involvement person age 18 harmful activity list ." }, { "ID":220, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Worst forms of child labour", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"The Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) aims at putting an end to the involvement of all persons under age 18 in the harmful activities it lists. Forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict is listed as one of the worst forms of child labour.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":220, "Sentence":"Forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict is listed as one of the worst forms of child labour.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary forced compulsory recruitment child use armed conflict listed one worst form child labour ." }, { "ID":221, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Within the UN system, young people are identified as those between 15 and 24 years of age. However, this can vary considerably between one context and another. Social, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults. Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters. Cultural expectations of girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, circumcision practices and motherhood. Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":221, "Sentence":"Within the UN system, young people are identified as those between 15 and 24 years of age.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary within un system young people identified 15 24 year age ." }, { "ID":221, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Within the UN system, young people are identified as those between 15 and 24 years of age. However, this can vary considerably between one context and another. Social, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults. Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters. Cultural expectations of girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, circumcision practices and motherhood. Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":221, "Sentence":"However, this can vary considerably between one context and another.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary however vary considerably one context another ." }, { "ID":221, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Within the UN system, young people are identified as those between 15 and 24 years of age. However, this can vary considerably between one context and another. Social, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults. Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters. Cultural expectations of girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, circumcision practices and motherhood. Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":221, "Sentence":"Social, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary social economic cultural system define age limit specific role responsibility child youth adult ." }, { "ID":221, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Within the UN system, young people are identified as those between 15 and 24 years of age. However, this can vary considerably between one context and another. Social, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults. Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters. Cultural expectations of girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, circumcision practices and motherhood. Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":221, "Sentence":"Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary conflict violence often force youth assume adult role parent breadwinner caregiver fighter ." }, { "ID":221, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Within the UN system, young people are identified as those between 15 and 24 years of age. However, this can vary considerably between one context and another. Social, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults. Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters. Cultural expectations of girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, circumcision practices and motherhood. Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":221, "Sentence":"Cultural expectations of girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, circumcision practices and motherhood.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary cultural expectation girl boy also affect perception adult age marriage circumcision practice motherhood ." }, { "ID":221, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.20-Glossary", "Heading1":"Youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Glossary", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Within the UN system, young people are identified as those between 15 and 24 years of age. However, this can vary considerably between one context and another. Social, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults. Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters. Cultural expectations of girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, circumcision practices and motherhood. Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":221, "Sentence":"Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Glossary expectation disturbed conflict ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Since the late 1980s, the United Nations (UN) has increasingly been called upon to support the implementation of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programmes in countries emerging from conflict. In a peacekeeping context, this trend has been part of a move towards complex operations that seek to deal with a wide variety of issues ranging from security to human rights, rule of law, elections and economic governance, rather than traditional peacekeeping where two warring parties were separated by a ceasefire line patrolled by blue-helmeted soldiers.The changed nature of peacekeeping and post-conflict recovery strategies requires close coordination among UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes. In the past five years alone, DDR has been included in the mandates for multidimensional peacekeeping operations in Burundi, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Liberia and Sudan. Simultaneously, the UN has increased its DDR engagement in non-peacekeeping contexts, namely in Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, the Congo, Indonesia (Aceh), Niger, Somalia, Solomon Islands and Uganda.While the UN has acquired significant experience in the planning and management of DDR programmes, it has yet to establish a collective approach to DDR, or clear and usable policies and guidelines to facilitate coordination and cooperation among UN agencies, departments and programmes. This has resulted in poor coordination and planning and gaps in the implementation of DDR programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":222, "Sentence":"Since the late 1980s, the United Nations (UN) has increasingly been called upon to support the implementation of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programmes in countries emerging from conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS since late 1980s united nation un increasingly called upon support implementation disarmament demobilization reintegration ddr programme country emerging conflict ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Since the late 1980s, the United Nations (UN) has increasingly been called upon to support the implementation of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programmes in countries emerging from conflict. In a peacekeeping context, this trend has been part of a move towards complex operations that seek to deal with a wide variety of issues ranging from security to human rights, rule of law, elections and economic governance, rather than traditional peacekeeping where two warring parties were separated by a ceasefire line patrolled by blue-helmeted soldiers.The changed nature of peacekeeping and post-conflict recovery strategies requires close coordination among UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes. In the past five years alone, DDR has been included in the mandates for multidimensional peacekeeping operations in Burundi, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Liberia and Sudan. Simultaneously, the UN has increased its DDR engagement in non-peacekeeping contexts, namely in Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, the Congo, Indonesia (Aceh), Niger, Somalia, Solomon Islands and Uganda.While the UN has acquired significant experience in the planning and management of DDR programmes, it has yet to establish a collective approach to DDR, or clear and usable policies and guidelines to facilitate coordination and cooperation among UN agencies, departments and programmes. This has resulted in poor coordination and planning and gaps in the implementation of DDR programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":222, "Sentence":"In a peacekeeping context, this trend has been part of a move towards complex operations that seek to deal with a wide variety of issues ranging from security to human rights, rule of law, elections and economic governance, rather than traditional peacekeeping where two warring parties were separated by a ceasefire line patrolled by blue-helmeted soldiers.The changed nature of peacekeeping and post-conflict recovery strategies requires close coordination among UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS peacekeeping context trend part move towards complex operation seek deal wide variety issue ranging security human right rule law election economic governance rather traditional peacekeeping two warring party separated ceasefire line patrolled bluehelmeted soldiers.the changed nature peacekeeping postconflict recovery strategy requires close coordination among un department agency fund programme ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Since the late 1980s, the United Nations (UN) has increasingly been called upon to support the implementation of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programmes in countries emerging from conflict. In a peacekeeping context, this trend has been part of a move towards complex operations that seek to deal with a wide variety of issues ranging from security to human rights, rule of law, elections and economic governance, rather than traditional peacekeeping where two warring parties were separated by a ceasefire line patrolled by blue-helmeted soldiers.The changed nature of peacekeeping and post-conflict recovery strategies requires close coordination among UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes. In the past five years alone, DDR has been included in the mandates for multidimensional peacekeeping operations in Burundi, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Liberia and Sudan. Simultaneously, the UN has increased its DDR engagement in non-peacekeeping contexts, namely in Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, the Congo, Indonesia (Aceh), Niger, Somalia, Solomon Islands and Uganda.While the UN has acquired significant experience in the planning and management of DDR programmes, it has yet to establish a collective approach to DDR, or clear and usable policies and guidelines to facilitate coordination and cooperation among UN agencies, departments and programmes. This has resulted in poor coordination and planning and gaps in the implementation of DDR programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":222, "Sentence":"In the past five years alone, DDR has been included in the mandates for multidimensional peacekeeping operations in Burundi, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Liberia and Sudan.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS past five year alone ddr included mandate multidimensional peacekeeping operation burundi c\u00f4te \u2019 ivoire democratic republic congo haiti liberia sudan ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Since the late 1980s, the United Nations (UN) has increasingly been called upon to support the implementation of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programmes in countries emerging from conflict. In a peacekeeping context, this trend has been part of a move towards complex operations that seek to deal with a wide variety of issues ranging from security to human rights, rule of law, elections and economic governance, rather than traditional peacekeeping where two warring parties were separated by a ceasefire line patrolled by blue-helmeted soldiers.The changed nature of peacekeeping and post-conflict recovery strategies requires close coordination among UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes. In the past five years alone, DDR has been included in the mandates for multidimensional peacekeeping operations in Burundi, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Liberia and Sudan. Simultaneously, the UN has increased its DDR engagement in non-peacekeeping contexts, namely in Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, the Congo, Indonesia (Aceh), Niger, Somalia, Solomon Islands and Uganda.While the UN has acquired significant experience in the planning and management of DDR programmes, it has yet to establish a collective approach to DDR, or clear and usable policies and guidelines to facilitate coordination and cooperation among UN agencies, departments and programmes. This has resulted in poor coordination and planning and gaps in the implementation of DDR programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":222, "Sentence":"Simultaneously, the UN has increased its DDR engagement in non-peacekeeping contexts, namely in Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, the Congo, Indonesia (Aceh), Niger, Somalia, Solomon Islands and Uganda.While the UN has acquired significant experience in the planning and management of DDR programmes, it has yet to establish a collective approach to DDR, or clear and usable policies and guidelines to facilitate coordination and cooperation among UN agencies, departments and programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS simultaneously un increased ddr engagement nonpeacekeeping context namely afghanistan central african republic congo indonesia aceh niger somalia solomon island uganda.while un acquired significant experience planning management ddr programme yet establish collective approach ddr clear usable policy guideline facilitate coordination cooperation among un agency department programme ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Since the late 1980s, the United Nations (UN) has increasingly been called upon to support the implementation of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programmes in countries emerging from conflict. In a peacekeeping context, this trend has been part of a move towards complex operations that seek to deal with a wide variety of issues ranging from security to human rights, rule of law, elections and economic governance, rather than traditional peacekeeping where two warring parties were separated by a ceasefire line patrolled by blue-helmeted soldiers.The changed nature of peacekeeping and post-conflict recovery strategies requires close coordination among UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes. In the past five years alone, DDR has been included in the mandates for multidimensional peacekeeping operations in Burundi, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Liberia and Sudan. Simultaneously, the UN has increased its DDR engagement in non-peacekeeping contexts, namely in Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, the Congo, Indonesia (Aceh), Niger, Somalia, Solomon Islands and Uganda.While the UN has acquired significant experience in the planning and management of DDR programmes, it has yet to establish a collective approach to DDR, or clear and usable policies and guidelines to facilitate coordination and cooperation among UN agencies, departments and programmes. This has resulted in poor coordination and planning and gaps in the implementation of DDR programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":222, "Sentence":"This has resulted in poor coordination and planning and gaps in the implementation of DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS resulted poor coordination planning gap implementation ddr programme ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"1. Towards a common UN approach to DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"In response to this fragmented approach, six UN agencies, departments, funds and programmes came together in 2004 to draft a series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS), i.e., a set of policies, guidelines and procedures for UN-supported DDR programmes in a peacekeeping context. Following workshop discussions and extensive consultations with country-level practitioners from the UN, member states, regional organizations, non-governmental organizations and the World Bank, the IDDRS were further developed and a second draft was tested in 2005.The Inter-Agency Working Group on DDR, which was formally established by the Executive Committee on Peace and Security in March 2005 with a mandate to improve the UN performance in DDR, now counts 15 UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes as its members.1 This first edition of the IDDRS has been jointly developed and approved by all 15 Working Group members.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":223, "Sentence":"In response to this fragmented approach, six UN agencies, departments, funds and programmes came together in 2004 to draft a series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS), i.e., a set of policies, guidelines and procedures for UN-supported DDR programmes in a peacekeeping context.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS response fragmented approach six un agency department fund programme came together 2004 draft series integrated ddr standard iddrs i.e . set policy guideline procedure unsupported ddr programme peacekeeping context ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"1. Towards a common UN approach to DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"In response to this fragmented approach, six UN agencies, departments, funds and programmes came together in 2004 to draft a series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS), i.e., a set of policies, guidelines and procedures for UN-supported DDR programmes in a peacekeeping context. Following workshop discussions and extensive consultations with country-level practitioners from the UN, member states, regional organizations, non-governmental organizations and the World Bank, the IDDRS were further developed and a second draft was tested in 2005.The Inter-Agency Working Group on DDR, which was formally established by the Executive Committee on Peace and Security in March 2005 with a mandate to improve the UN performance in DDR, now counts 15 UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes as its members.1 This first edition of the IDDRS has been jointly developed and approved by all 15 Working Group members.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":223, "Sentence":"Following workshop discussions and extensive consultations with country-level practitioners from the UN, member states, regional organizations, non-governmental organizations and the World Bank, the IDDRS were further developed and a second draft was tested in 2005.The Inter-Agency Working Group on DDR, which was formally established by the Executive Committee on Peace and Security in March 2005 with a mandate to improve the UN performance in DDR, now counts 15 UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes as its members.1 This first edition of the IDDRS has been jointly developed and approved by all 15 Working Group members.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS following workshop discussion extensive consultation countrylevel practitioner un member state regional organization nongovernmental organization world bank iddrs developed second draft tested 2005.the interagency working group ddr formally established executive committee peace security march 2005 mandate improve un performance ddr count 15 un department agency fund programme members.1 first edition iddrs jointly developed approved 15 working group member ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"2. What is DDR?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The objective of the DDR process is to contribute to security and stability in post-conflict environments so that recovery and development can begin. The DDR of ex-combatants is a complex process, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. It aims to deal with the post-conflict security problem that arises when ex-combatants are left without livelihoods or support networks, other than their former comrades, during the vital transition period from conflict to peace and development. Through a process of removing weapons from the hands of combatants, taking the combatants out of military structures and helping them to integrate socially and economically into society, DDR seeks to support ex-combatants so that they can become active participants in the peace process.In this regard, DDR lays the groundwork for safeguarding and sustaining the communities in which these individuals can live as law-abiding citizens, while building national capacity for long-term peace, security and development. It is important to note that DDR alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence; it can, however, help establish a secure environment so that other elements of a recovery and peace-building strategy can proceed.The official UN definition of each of the stages of DDR is as follows:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":224, "Sentence":"The objective of the DDR process is to contribute to security and stability in post-conflict environments so that recovery and development can begin.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS objective ddr process contribute security stability postconflict environment recovery development begin ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"2. What is DDR?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The objective of the DDR process is to contribute to security and stability in post-conflict environments so that recovery and development can begin. The DDR of ex-combatants is a complex process, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. It aims to deal with the post-conflict security problem that arises when ex-combatants are left without livelihoods or support networks, other than their former comrades, during the vital transition period from conflict to peace and development. Through a process of removing weapons from the hands of combatants, taking the combatants out of military structures and helping them to integrate socially and economically into society, DDR seeks to support ex-combatants so that they can become active participants in the peace process.In this regard, DDR lays the groundwork for safeguarding and sustaining the communities in which these individuals can live as law-abiding citizens, while building national capacity for long-term peace, security and development. It is important to note that DDR alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence; it can, however, help establish a secure environment so that other elements of a recovery and peace-building strategy can proceed.The official UN definition of each of the stages of DDR is as follows:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":224, "Sentence":"The DDR of ex-combatants is a complex process, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS ddr excombatants complex process political military security humanitarian socioeconomic dimension ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"2. What is DDR?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The objective of the DDR process is to contribute to security and stability in post-conflict environments so that recovery and development can begin. The DDR of ex-combatants is a complex process, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. It aims to deal with the post-conflict security problem that arises when ex-combatants are left without livelihoods or support networks, other than their former comrades, during the vital transition period from conflict to peace and development. Through a process of removing weapons from the hands of combatants, taking the combatants out of military structures and helping them to integrate socially and economically into society, DDR seeks to support ex-combatants so that they can become active participants in the peace process.In this regard, DDR lays the groundwork for safeguarding and sustaining the communities in which these individuals can live as law-abiding citizens, while building national capacity for long-term peace, security and development. It is important to note that DDR alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence; it can, however, help establish a secure environment so that other elements of a recovery and peace-building strategy can proceed.The official UN definition of each of the stages of DDR is as follows:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":224, "Sentence":"It aims to deal with the post-conflict security problem that arises when ex-combatants are left without livelihoods or support networks, other than their former comrades, during the vital transition period from conflict to peace and development.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS aim deal postconflict security problem arises excombatants left without livelihood support network former comrade vital transition period conflict peace development ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"2. What is DDR?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The objective of the DDR process is to contribute to security and stability in post-conflict environments so that recovery and development can begin. The DDR of ex-combatants is a complex process, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. It aims to deal with the post-conflict security problem that arises when ex-combatants are left without livelihoods or support networks, other than their former comrades, during the vital transition period from conflict to peace and development. Through a process of removing weapons from the hands of combatants, taking the combatants out of military structures and helping them to integrate socially and economically into society, DDR seeks to support ex-combatants so that they can become active participants in the peace process.In this regard, DDR lays the groundwork for safeguarding and sustaining the communities in which these individuals can live as law-abiding citizens, while building national capacity for long-term peace, security and development. It is important to note that DDR alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence; it can, however, help establish a secure environment so that other elements of a recovery and peace-building strategy can proceed.The official UN definition of each of the stages of DDR is as follows:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":224, "Sentence":"Through a process of removing weapons from the hands of combatants, taking the combatants out of military structures and helping them to integrate socially and economically into society, DDR seeks to support ex-combatants so that they can become active participants in the peace process.In this regard, DDR lays the groundwork for safeguarding and sustaining the communities in which these individuals can live as law-abiding citizens, while building national capacity for long-term peace, security and development.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS process removing weapon hand combatant taking combatant military structure helping integrate socially economically society ddr seek support excombatants become active participant peace process.in regard ddr lay groundwork safeguarding sustaining community individual live lawabiding citizen building national capacity longterm peace security development ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"2. What is DDR?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The objective of the DDR process is to contribute to security and stability in post-conflict environments so that recovery and development can begin. The DDR of ex-combatants is a complex process, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. It aims to deal with the post-conflict security problem that arises when ex-combatants are left without livelihoods or support networks, other than their former comrades, during the vital transition period from conflict to peace and development. Through a process of removing weapons from the hands of combatants, taking the combatants out of military structures and helping them to integrate socially and economically into society, DDR seeks to support ex-combatants so that they can become active participants in the peace process.In this regard, DDR lays the groundwork for safeguarding and sustaining the communities in which these individuals can live as law-abiding citizens, while building national capacity for long-term peace, security and development. It is important to note that DDR alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence; it can, however, help establish a secure environment so that other elements of a recovery and peace-building strategy can proceed.The official UN definition of each of the stages of DDR is as follows:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":224, "Sentence":"It is important to note that DDR alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence; it can, however, help establish a secure environment so that other elements of a recovery and peace-building strategy can proceed.The official UN definition of each of the stages of DDR is as follows:", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS important note ddr alone resolve conflict prevent violence however help establish secure environment element recovery peacebuilding strategy proceed.the official un definition stage ddr follows" }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"2. What is DDR?", "Heading2":"DISARMAMENT", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms ----management programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":225, "Sentence":"Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS disarmament collection documentation control disposal small arm ammunition explosive light heavy weapon combatant often also civilian population ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"2. What is DDR?", "Heading2":"DISARMAMENT", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms ----management programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":225, "Sentence":"Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms ----management programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS disarmament also includes development responsible arm management programme ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"2. What is DDR?", "Heading2":"DEMOBILIZATION", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may extend from the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":226, "Sentence":"Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS demobilization formal controlled discharge active combatant armed force armed group ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"2. What is DDR?", "Heading2":"DEMOBILIZATION", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may extend from the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":226, "Sentence":"The first stage of demobilization may extend from the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks).", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS first stage demobilization may extend processing individual combatant temporary centre massing troop camp designated purpose cantonment site encampment assembly area barrack ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"2. What is DDR?", "Heading2":"DEMOBILIZATION", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may extend from the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":226, "Sentence":"The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS second stage demobilization encompasses support package provided demobilized called reinsertion ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"2. What is DDR?", "Heading2":"REINSERTION", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is a short-term material and\/or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to one year.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":227, "Sentence":"Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS reinsertion assistance offered excombatants demobilization prior longerterm process reintegration ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"2. What is DDR?", "Heading2":"REINSERTION", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is a short-term material and\/or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to one year.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":227, "Sentence":"Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS reinsertion form transitional assistance help cover basic need excombatants family include transitional safety allowance food clothes shelter medical service shortterm education training employment tool ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"2. What is DDR?", "Heading2":"REINSERTION", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is a short-term material and\/or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to one year.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":227, "Sentence":"While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is a short-term material and\/or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to one year.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS reintegration longterm continuous social economic process development reinsertion shortterm material and\/or financial assistance meet immediate need last one year ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"2. What is DDR?", "Heading2":"REINTEGRATION", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility, and often necessitates long-term external assistance. ", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":228, "Sentence":"Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS reintegration process excombatants acquire civilian status gain sustainable employment income ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"2. What is DDR?", "Heading2":"REINTEGRATION", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility, and often necessitates long-term external assistance. ", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":228, "Sentence":"Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS reintegration essentially social economic process open timeframe primarily taking place community local level ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"2. What is DDR?", "Heading2":"REINTEGRATION", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility, and often necessitates long-term external assistance. ", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":228, "Sentence":"It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility, and often necessitates long-term external assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS part general development country national responsibility often necessitates longterm external assistance ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"3. The integrated DDR standards", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS have been drafted on the basis of lessons and best practices drawn from the experience of all the departments, agencies, funds and programmes involved to provide the UN system with a set of policies, guidelines and procedures for the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR programmes in a peacekeeping context. While the IDDRS were designed with peacekeeping contexts in mind, much of the guidance contained within these standards will also be applicable for non-peacekeeping contexts.The three main aims of the IDDRS are:\\nto give DDR practitioners the opportunity to make informed decisions based on a clear, flexible and in-depth body of guidance across the range of DDR activities;\\nto serve as a common foundation for the commencement of integrated operational planning in Headquarters and at the country level; \\nto function as a resource for the training of DDR specialists.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":229, "Sentence":"The IDDRS have been drafted on the basis of lessons and best practices drawn from the experience of all the departments, agencies, funds and programmes involved to provide the UN system with a set of policies, guidelines and procedures for the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR programmes in a peacekeeping context.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS iddrs drafted basis lesson best practice drawn experience department agency fund programme involved provide un system set policy guideline procedure planning implementation monitoring ddr programme peacekeeping context ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"3. The integrated DDR standards", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS have been drafted on the basis of lessons and best practices drawn from the experience of all the departments, agencies, funds and programmes involved to provide the UN system with a set of policies, guidelines and procedures for the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR programmes in a peacekeeping context. While the IDDRS were designed with peacekeeping contexts in mind, much of the guidance contained within these standards will also be applicable for non-peacekeeping contexts.The three main aims of the IDDRS are:\\nto give DDR practitioners the opportunity to make informed decisions based on a clear, flexible and in-depth body of guidance across the range of DDR activities;\\nto serve as a common foundation for the commencement of integrated operational planning in Headquarters and at the country level; \\nto function as a resource for the training of DDR specialists.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":229, "Sentence":"While the IDDRS were designed with peacekeeping contexts in mind, much of the guidance contained within these standards will also be applicable for non-peacekeeping contexts.The three main aims of the IDDRS are:\\nto give DDR practitioners the opportunity to make informed decisions based on a clear, flexible and in-depth body of guidance across the range of DDR activities;\\nto serve as a common foundation for the commencement of integrated operational planning in Headquarters and at the country level; \\nto function as a resource for the training of DDR specialists.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS iddrs designed peacekeeping context mind much guidance contained within standard also applicable nonpeacekeeping contexts.the three main aim iddrs arento give ddr practitioner opportunity make informed decision based clear flexible indepth body guidance across range ddr activitiesnto serve common foundation commencement integrated operational planning headquarters country level nto function resource training ddr specialist ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"3. The integrated DDR standards", "Heading2":"3.1. IDDRS levels and modules", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The standards consist of 23 modules and three submodules divided into five levels:\\nLevel one consists of the introduction and a glossary to the full IDDRS; \\nLevel two sets out the strategic concepts of an integrated approach to DDR in a peacekeeping context; \\nLevel three elaborates on the structures and processes for planning and implementation of DDR at Headquarters and in the field; \\nLevel four provides considerations, options and tools for carrying out DDR operations;\\nLevel five covers the UN approach to essential cross-cutting issues, such as gender, youth and children associated with the armed forces and groups, cross-border movements, food assistance, HIV\/AIDS and health.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":230, "Sentence":"The standards consist of 23 modules and three submodules divided into five levels:\\nLevel one consists of the introduction and a glossary to the full IDDRS; \\nLevel two sets out the strategic concepts of an integrated approach to DDR in a peacekeeping context; \\nLevel three elaborates on the structures and processes for planning and implementation of DDR at Headquarters and in the field; \\nLevel four provides considerations, options and tools for carrying out DDR operations;\\nLevel five covers the UN approach to essential cross-cutting issues, such as gender, youth and children associated with the armed forces and groups, cross-border movements, food assistance, HIV\/AIDS and health.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS standard consist 23 module three submodules divided five levelsnlevel one consists introduction glossary full iddrs nlevel two set strategic concept integrated approach ddr peacekeeping context nlevel three elaborates structure process planning implementation ddr headquarters field nlevel four provides consideration option tool carrying ddr operationsnlevel five cover un approach essential crosscutting issue gender youth child associated armed force group crossborder movement food assistance hiv\/aids health ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"3. The integrated DDR standards", "Heading2":"3.2. Technical language", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The UN uses the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as an all-inclusive term that includes related activities, such as repatriation, rehabilitation and reconciliation, that aim to achieve sustainable reintegration.Following a summary, a table of contents and a description of the scope and objectives, each IDDRS module also contains a section on terms, definitions and abbreviations. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines:\\n\u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard;\\nb) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; and\\nc) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dA complete list of terms and definitions used in the IDDRS is provided in IDDRS 1.20.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":231, "Sentence":"The UN uses the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as an all-inclusive term that includes related activities, such as repatriation, rehabilitation and reconciliation, that aim to achieve sustainable reintegration.Following a summary, a table of contents and a description of the scope and objectives, each IDDRS module also contains a section on terms, definitions and abbreviations.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS un us concept abbreviation \u2018 ddr \u2019 allinclusive term includes related activity repatriation rehabilitation reconciliation aim achieve sustainable reintegration.following summary table content description scope objective iddrs module also contains section term definition abbreviation ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"3. The integrated DDR standards", "Heading2":"3.2. Technical language", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The UN uses the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as an all-inclusive term that includes related activities, such as repatriation, rehabilitation and reconciliation, that aim to achieve sustainable reintegration.Following a summary, a table of contents and a description of the scope and objectives, each IDDRS module also contains a section on terms, definitions and abbreviations. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines:\\n\u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard;\\nb) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; and\\nc) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dA complete list of terms and definitions used in the IDDRS is provided in IDDRS 1.20.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":231, "Sentence":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"3. The integrated DDR standards", "Heading2":"3.2. Technical language", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The UN uses the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as an all-inclusive term that includes related activities, such as repatriation, rehabilitation and reconciliation, that aim to achieve sustainable reintegration.Following a summary, a table of contents and a description of the scope and objectives, each IDDRS module also contains a section on terms, definitions and abbreviations. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines:\\n\u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard;\\nb) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; and\\nc) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dA complete list of terms and definitions used in the IDDRS is provided in IDDRS 1.20.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":231, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines:\\n\u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard;\\nb) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; and\\nc) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dA complete list of terms and definitions used in the IDDRS is provided in IDDRS 1.20.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS use consistent language used international organization standardization standard guidelinesn \u201c \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standardnb \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification andnc \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action. \u201d complete list term definition used iddrs provided iddrs 1.20 ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"3. The integrated DDR standards", "Heading2":"3.3. How to use the IDDRS", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Each IDDRS module is intended to serve both as part of the overall IDDRS framework and as a freestanding document. In the published version of the IDDRS, all modules are therefore collected in a ring-binder so that they can easily be taken out and used separately.Since the topics covered in the different modules are interlinked, cross-references are provided throughout the IDDRS where more information on a particular issue can be found in another IDDRS module. Cross-references are clearly marked in the margins of the text.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":232, "Sentence":"Each IDDRS module is intended to serve both as part of the overall IDDRS framework and as a freestanding document.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS iddrs module intended serve part overall iddrs framework freestanding document ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"3. The integrated DDR standards", "Heading2":"3.3. How to use the IDDRS", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Each IDDRS module is intended to serve both as part of the overall IDDRS framework and as a freestanding document. In the published version of the IDDRS, all modules are therefore collected in a ring-binder so that they can easily be taken out and used separately.Since the topics covered in the different modules are interlinked, cross-references are provided throughout the IDDRS where more information on a particular issue can be found in another IDDRS module. Cross-references are clearly marked in the margins of the text.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":232, "Sentence":"In the published version of the IDDRS, all modules are therefore collected in a ring-binder so that they can easily be taken out and used separately.Since the topics covered in the different modules are interlinked, cross-references are provided throughout the IDDRS where more information on a particular issue can be found in another IDDRS module.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS published version iddrs module therefore collected ringbinder easily taken used separately.since topic covered different module interlinked crossreferences provided throughout iddrs information particular issue found another iddrs module ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"3. The integrated DDR standards", "Heading2":"3.3. How to use the IDDRS", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Each IDDRS module is intended to serve both as part of the overall IDDRS framework and as a freestanding document. In the published version of the IDDRS, all modules are therefore collected in a ring-binder so that they can easily be taken out and used separately.Since the topics covered in the different modules are interlinked, cross-references are provided throughout the IDDRS where more information on a particular issue can be found in another IDDRS module. Cross-references are clearly marked in the margins of the text.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":232, "Sentence":"Cross-references are clearly marked in the margins of the text.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS crossreferences clearly marked margin text ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"3. The integrated DDR standards", "Heading2":"3.4. Supplementary publications and resources", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The Inter-Agency Working Group on DDR has published two supplementary publications to the IDDRS: the Operational Guide to the IDDRS and the DDR Briefing Note for Senior Managers. The Operational Guide is intended to help users navigate the IDDRS by briefly outlining the key guidance in each module. The Briefing Note for Senior Managers is intended to facilitate managerial decisions and includes key strategic considerations and their policy implications. Both these publications are available at the UN DDR Resource Centre (http:\/\/www.unddr.org), which serves as an online platform on DDR and includes regular updates of both the IDDRS and the Operational Guide, a document database, training tools, a photo library and video clips.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":233, "Sentence":"The Inter-Agency Working Group on DDR has published two supplementary publications to the IDDRS: the Operational Guide to the IDDRS and the DDR Briefing Note for Senior Managers.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS interagency working group ddr published two supplementary publication iddrs operational guide iddrs ddr briefing note senior manager ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"3. The integrated DDR standards", "Heading2":"3.4. Supplementary publications and resources", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The Inter-Agency Working Group on DDR has published two supplementary publications to the IDDRS: the Operational Guide to the IDDRS and the DDR Briefing Note for Senior Managers. The Operational Guide is intended to help users navigate the IDDRS by briefly outlining the key guidance in each module. The Briefing Note for Senior Managers is intended to facilitate managerial decisions and includes key strategic considerations and their policy implications. Both these publications are available at the UN DDR Resource Centre (http:\/\/www.unddr.org), which serves as an online platform on DDR and includes regular updates of both the IDDRS and the Operational Guide, a document database, training tools, a photo library and video clips.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":233, "Sentence":"The Operational Guide is intended to help users navigate the IDDRS by briefly outlining the key guidance in each module.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS operational guide intended help user navigate iddrs briefly outlining key guidance module ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"3. The integrated DDR standards", "Heading2":"3.4. Supplementary publications and resources", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The Inter-Agency Working Group on DDR has published two supplementary publications to the IDDRS: the Operational Guide to the IDDRS and the DDR Briefing Note for Senior Managers. The Operational Guide is intended to help users navigate the IDDRS by briefly outlining the key guidance in each module. The Briefing Note for Senior Managers is intended to facilitate managerial decisions and includes key strategic considerations and their policy implications. Both these publications are available at the UN DDR Resource Centre (http:\/\/www.unddr.org), which serves as an online platform on DDR and includes regular updates of both the IDDRS and the Operational Guide, a document database, training tools, a photo library and video clips.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":233, "Sentence":"The Briefing Note for Senior Managers is intended to facilitate managerial decisions and includes key strategic considerations and their policy implications.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS briefing note senior manager intended facilitate managerial decision includes key strategic consideration policy implication ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"3. The integrated DDR standards", "Heading2":"3.4. Supplementary publications and resources", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The Inter-Agency Working Group on DDR has published two supplementary publications to the IDDRS: the Operational Guide to the IDDRS and the DDR Briefing Note for Senior Managers. The Operational Guide is intended to help users navigate the IDDRS by briefly outlining the key guidance in each module. The Briefing Note for Senior Managers is intended to facilitate managerial decisions and includes key strategic considerations and their policy implications. Both these publications are available at the UN DDR Resource Centre (http:\/\/www.unddr.org), which serves as an online platform on DDR and includes regular updates of both the IDDRS and the Operational Guide, a document database, training tools, a photo library and video clips.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":233, "Sentence":"Both these publications are available at the UN DDR Resource Centre (http:\/\/www.unddr.org), which serves as an online platform on DDR and includes regular updates of both the IDDRS and the Operational Guide, a document database, training tools, a photo library and video clips.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS publication available un ddr resource centre http\/\/www.unddr.org serf online platform ddr includes regular update iddrs operational guide document database training tool photo library video clip ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"3. The integrated DDR standards", "Heading2":"3.5. Updates and feedback", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Each IDDRS module is current with effect from the date shown on the cover page. As the IDDRS are periodically reviewed, users should consult the UN DDR Resource Centre web site for updates: http:\/\/www.unddr.org.\\nFeedback and comments on the IDDRS are actively encouraged and should be sent to the Secretariat of the Inter-Agency Working Group via the DDR Resource Centre web site.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":234, "Sentence":"Each IDDRS module is current with effect from the date shown on the cover page.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS iddrs module current effect date shown cover page ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"3. The integrated DDR standards", "Heading2":"3.5. Updates and feedback", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Each IDDRS module is current with effect from the date shown on the cover page. As the IDDRS are periodically reviewed, users should consult the UN DDR Resource Centre web site for updates: http:\/\/www.unddr.org.\\nFeedback and comments on the IDDRS are actively encouraged and should be sent to the Secretariat of the Inter-Agency Working Group via the DDR Resource Centre web site.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":234, "Sentence":"As the IDDRS are periodically reviewed, users should consult the UN DDR Resource Centre web site for updates: http:\/\/www.unddr.org.\\nFeedback and comments on the IDDRS are actively encouraged and should be sent to the Secretariat of the Inter-Agency Working Group via the DDR Resource Centre web site.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS iddrs periodically reviewed user consult un ddr resource centre web site update http\/\/www.unddr.org.nfeedback comment iddrs actively encouraged sent secretariat interagency working group via ddr resource centre web site ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"1. Department of Disarmament Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Department of Political Affairs, Department of Public Information, International Labour Organization, International Organization for Migration, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Development Fund for Women, United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, United Nations Population Fund, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, World Food Programme, World Health Organization.\\n2. Note of the Secretary-General to the General Assembly on the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations, A\/C.5\/59\/31, 24 May 2005.\\n3. A worldwide federation of national bodies from over 130 countries. Its work results in international agreements, which are published as ISO standards and guides. ISO is a non-governmental organization and the standards it develops are voluntary, although some (mainly those concerned with health, safety and environmental aspects) have been adopted by many countries as part of their regulatory framework. A list of ISO standards and guides is given in the ISO Catalogue, at http:\/\/www.iso.ch\/infoe\/catinfo\/html.\\nThe IDDRS have been developed to be compatible with ISO standards and guides. Adopting the ISO format and language provides some important advantages, including consistency of layout, use of internationally recognized terminology, and a greater acceptance by international, national and regional organizations who are accustomed to the ISO series of standards and guides.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":235, "Sentence":"1.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS 1 ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"1. Department of Disarmament Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Department of Political Affairs, Department of Public Information, International Labour Organization, International Organization for Migration, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Development Fund for Women, United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, United Nations Population Fund, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, World Food Programme, World Health Organization.\\n2. Note of the Secretary-General to the General Assembly on the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations, A\/C.5\/59\/31, 24 May 2005.\\n3. A worldwide federation of national bodies from over 130 countries. Its work results in international agreements, which are published as ISO standards and guides. ISO is a non-governmental organization and the standards it develops are voluntary, although some (mainly those concerned with health, safety and environmental aspects) have been adopted by many countries as part of their regulatory framework. A list of ISO standards and guides is given in the ISO Catalogue, at http:\/\/www.iso.ch\/infoe\/catinfo\/html.\\nThe IDDRS have been developed to be compatible with ISO standards and guides. Adopting the ISO format and language provides some important advantages, including consistency of layout, use of internationally recognized terminology, and a greater acceptance by international, national and regional organizations who are accustomed to the ISO series of standards and guides.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":235, "Sentence":"Department of Disarmament Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Department of Political Affairs, Department of Public Information, International Labour Organization, International Organization for Migration, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Development Fund for Women, United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, United Nations Population Fund, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, World Food Programme, World Health Organization.\\n2.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS department disarmament affair department peacekeeping operation department political affair department public information international labour organization international organization migration joint united nation programme hiv\/aids united nation child \u2019 fund united nation development programme united nation development fund woman united nation institute disarmament research united nation population fund united nation high commissioner refugee world food programme world health organization.n2 ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"1. Department of Disarmament Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Department of Political Affairs, Department of Public Information, International Labour Organization, International Organization for Migration, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Development Fund for Women, United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, United Nations Population Fund, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, World Food Programme, World Health Organization.\\n2. Note of the Secretary-General to the General Assembly on the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations, A\/C.5\/59\/31, 24 May 2005.\\n3. A worldwide federation of national bodies from over 130 countries. Its work results in international agreements, which are published as ISO standards and guides. ISO is a non-governmental organization and the standards it develops are voluntary, although some (mainly those concerned with health, safety and environmental aspects) have been adopted by many countries as part of their regulatory framework. A list of ISO standards and guides is given in the ISO Catalogue, at http:\/\/www.iso.ch\/infoe\/catinfo\/html.\\nThe IDDRS have been developed to be compatible with ISO standards and guides. Adopting the ISO format and language provides some important advantages, including consistency of layout, use of internationally recognized terminology, and a greater acceptance by international, national and regional organizations who are accustomed to the ISO series of standards and guides.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":235, "Sentence":"Note of the Secretary-General to the General Assembly on the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations, A\/C.5\/59\/31, 24 May 2005.\\n3.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS note secretarygeneral general assembly administrative budgetary aspect financing united nation peacekeeping operation a\/c.5\/59\/31 24 may 2005.n3 ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"1. Department of Disarmament Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Department of Political Affairs, Department of Public Information, International Labour Organization, International Organization for Migration, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Development Fund for Women, United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, United Nations Population Fund, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, World Food Programme, World Health Organization.\\n2. Note of the Secretary-General to the General Assembly on the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations, A\/C.5\/59\/31, 24 May 2005.\\n3. A worldwide federation of national bodies from over 130 countries. Its work results in international agreements, which are published as ISO standards and guides. ISO is a non-governmental organization and the standards it develops are voluntary, although some (mainly those concerned with health, safety and environmental aspects) have been adopted by many countries as part of their regulatory framework. A list of ISO standards and guides is given in the ISO Catalogue, at http:\/\/www.iso.ch\/infoe\/catinfo\/html.\\nThe IDDRS have been developed to be compatible with ISO standards and guides. Adopting the ISO format and language provides some important advantages, including consistency of layout, use of internationally recognized terminology, and a greater acceptance by international, national and regional organizations who are accustomed to the ISO series of standards and guides.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":235, "Sentence":"A worldwide federation of national bodies from over 130 countries.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS worldwide federation national body 130 country ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"1. Department of Disarmament Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Department of Political Affairs, Department of Public Information, International Labour Organization, International Organization for Migration, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Development Fund for Women, United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, United Nations Population Fund, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, World Food Programme, World Health Organization.\\n2. Note of the Secretary-General to the General Assembly on the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations, A\/C.5\/59\/31, 24 May 2005.\\n3. A worldwide federation of national bodies from over 130 countries. Its work results in international agreements, which are published as ISO standards and guides. ISO is a non-governmental organization and the standards it develops are voluntary, although some (mainly those concerned with health, safety and environmental aspects) have been adopted by many countries as part of their regulatory framework. A list of ISO standards and guides is given in the ISO Catalogue, at http:\/\/www.iso.ch\/infoe\/catinfo\/html.\\nThe IDDRS have been developed to be compatible with ISO standards and guides. Adopting the ISO format and language provides some important advantages, including consistency of layout, use of internationally recognized terminology, and a greater acceptance by international, national and regional organizations who are accustomed to the ISO series of standards and guides.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":235, "Sentence":"Its work results in international agreements, which are published as ISO standards and guides.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS work result international agreement published iso standard guide ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"1. Department of Disarmament Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Department of Political Affairs, Department of Public Information, International Labour Organization, International Organization for Migration, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Development Fund for Women, United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, United Nations Population Fund, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, World Food Programme, World Health Organization.\\n2. Note of the Secretary-General to the General Assembly on the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations, A\/C.5\/59\/31, 24 May 2005.\\n3. A worldwide federation of national bodies from over 130 countries. Its work results in international agreements, which are published as ISO standards and guides. ISO is a non-governmental organization and the standards it develops are voluntary, although some (mainly those concerned with health, safety and environmental aspects) have been adopted by many countries as part of their regulatory framework. A list of ISO standards and guides is given in the ISO Catalogue, at http:\/\/www.iso.ch\/infoe\/catinfo\/html.\\nThe IDDRS have been developed to be compatible with ISO standards and guides. Adopting the ISO format and language provides some important advantages, including consistency of layout, use of internationally recognized terminology, and a greater acceptance by international, national and regional organizations who are accustomed to the ISO series of standards and guides.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":235, "Sentence":"ISO is a non-governmental organization and the standards it develops are voluntary, although some (mainly those concerned with health, safety and environmental aspects) have been adopted by many countries as part of their regulatory framework.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS iso nongovernmental organization standard develops voluntary although mainly concerned health safety environmental aspect adopted many country part regulatory framework ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"1. Department of Disarmament Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Department of Political Affairs, Department of Public Information, International Labour Organization, International Organization for Migration, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Development Fund for Women, United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, United Nations Population Fund, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, World Food Programme, World Health Organization.\\n2. Note of the Secretary-General to the General Assembly on the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations, A\/C.5\/59\/31, 24 May 2005.\\n3. A worldwide federation of national bodies from over 130 countries. Its work results in international agreements, which are published as ISO standards and guides. ISO is a non-governmental organization and the standards it develops are voluntary, although some (mainly those concerned with health, safety and environmental aspects) have been adopted by many countries as part of their regulatory framework. A list of ISO standards and guides is given in the ISO Catalogue, at http:\/\/www.iso.ch\/infoe\/catinfo\/html.\\nThe IDDRS have been developed to be compatible with ISO standards and guides. Adopting the ISO format and language provides some important advantages, including consistency of layout, use of internationally recognized terminology, and a greater acceptance by international, national and regional organizations who are accustomed to the ISO series of standards and guides.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":235, "Sentence":"A list of ISO standards and guides is given in the ISO Catalogue, at http:\/\/www.iso.ch\/infoe\/catinfo\/html.\\nThe IDDRS have been developed to be compatible with ISO standards and guides.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS list iso standard guide given iso catalogue http\/\/www.iso.ch\/infoe\/catinfo\/html.nthe iddrs developed compatible iso standard guide ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"1", "Title":"IDDRS-1.10-Introduction-To-The-IDDRS", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Introduction To The IDDRS", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"1. Department of Disarmament Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Department of Political Affairs, Department of Public Information, International Labour Organization, International Organization for Migration, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Development Fund for Women, United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, United Nations Population Fund, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, World Food Programme, World Health Organization.\\n2. Note of the Secretary-General to the General Assembly on the administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations, A\/C.5\/59\/31, 24 May 2005.\\n3. A worldwide federation of national bodies from over 130 countries. Its work results in international agreements, which are published as ISO standards and guides. ISO is a non-governmental organization and the standards it develops are voluntary, although some (mainly those concerned with health, safety and environmental aspects) have been adopted by many countries as part of their regulatory framework. A list of ISO standards and guides is given in the ISO Catalogue, at http:\/\/www.iso.ch\/infoe\/catinfo\/html.\\nThe IDDRS have been developed to be compatible with ISO standards and guides. Adopting the ISO format and language provides some important advantages, including consistency of layout, use of internationally recognized terminology, and a greater acceptance by international, national and regional organizations who are accustomed to the ISO series of standards and guides.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":235, "Sentence":"Adopting the ISO format and language provides some important advantages, including consistency of layout, use of internationally recognized terminology, and a greater acceptance by international, national and regional organizations who are accustomed to the ISO series of standards and guides.", "ProcessedSent":"Introduction To The IDDRS adopting iso format language provides important advantage including consistency layout use internationally recognized terminology greater acceptance international national regional organization accustomed iso series standard guide ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":236, "Sentence":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction disarmament demobilization reintegration ddr technical undertaking ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":236, "Sentence":"Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction many aspect ddr process influence influenced political dynamic ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":236, "Sentence":"Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction understanding political dynamic influence ddr process e requires knowledge historical political context actor stakehold er armed unarmed conflict driver including local national gional aspect may interact feed armed conflict.armed group often mobilize political reason and\/or response range security socioeconomic grievance ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":236, "Sentence":"Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction peace negotiation process provide warring party way end violence address grievance peaceful mean ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":236, "Sentence":"Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction armed force may also need factored peace agreement proportion ality armed force group \u2013 term ddr support \u2013 taken account.ddr practitioner may provide support mediation peace agreement subsequent oversight implementation relevant part agree ments ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":236, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction ddr practitioner also advise mediator facilitator ensure peace agreement incorporate realistic ddrrelated clause party common understanding outcome ddr process im plemented ddr process undertaken isolation integrated aspect peace process since success mutually reinforcing ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":236, "Sentence":"All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction peace agreement contain security provision address control man agement violence various form including rightsizing ddr and\/or form security coordination control ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":236, "Sentence":"When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction given peace agreement demand ddr process national political framework particular ddr process often provided comprehensive peace agreement cpa seek address political security issue ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":236, "Sentence":"Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction without agreement warring party unlikely agree measure reduce ability use military force reach goal ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":236, "Sentence":"In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cpa common ddr programme tied ceasefire provision \u2018 final security arrangement \u2019 ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":236, "Sentence":"If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction armed group political aspiration chance successful implementation cpa improved ddr process sensitively designed support transformation group political entities.ddr process may also follow locallevel agreement ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":236, "Sentence":"Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction local politics important driving armed conflict grievance state ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":236, "Sentence":"By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction focusing latter nationallevel peace agreement may address resolve local conflict ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":236, "Sentence":"Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction therefore conflict may continue even nationallevel peace agreement signed implemented ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":236, "Sentence":"Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction locallevel peace agreement may take number different form cluding limited local nonaggression pact armed group deal garding access specific area community violence reduction cvr agreement ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":236, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction ddr practitioner ass whether local ddr process remain local level wheth er local nationallevel dynamic linked common multilevel approach.finally ddr process also undertaken absence peace agreement ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":236, "Sentence":"In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction instance ddr intervention may designed contribute stabilization make return stability tangible create conducive environment peace agreement see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":236, "Sentence":"These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction interven tions reactive ad hoc carefully planned advance accordance predefined strategy ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module sets out the basic conceptual and strategic parameters of CVR and its place within integrated DDR processes. It also outlines the principles and programmatic con- siderations that should guide the design, planning and implementation of CVR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":237, "Sentence":"This module sets out the basic conceptual and strategic parameters of CVR and its place within integrated DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction module set basic conceptual strategic parameter cvr place within integrated ddr process ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module sets out the basic conceptual and strategic parameters of CVR and its place within integrated DDR processes. It also outlines the principles and programmatic con- siderations that should guide the design, planning and implementation of CVR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":237, "Sentence":"It also outlines the principles and programmatic con- siderations that should guide the design, planning and implementation of CVR.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction also outline principle programmatic con siderations guide design planning implementation cvr ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardiza- tion (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.CVR programmes may include different types of coordination mechanisms to guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two common coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsible for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC. (See below.) All project selec- tion should comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects benefitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the overall strategic direction for CVR, vets and approves projects selected by PSCs, and helps to raise finances. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC should ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":238, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction annex contains list abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardiza- tion (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.CVR programmes may include different types of coordination mechanisms to guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two common coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsible for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC. (See below.) All project selec- tion should comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects benefitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the overall strategic direction for CVR, vets and approves projects selected by PSCs, and helps to raise finances. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC should ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":238, "Sentence":"A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction complete glossary term definition abbreviation used iddrs series given iddrs 1.20.in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardiza- tion (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.CVR programmes may include different types of coordination mechanisms to guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two common coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsible for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC. (See below.) All project selec- tion should comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects benefitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the overall strategic direction for CVR, vets and approves projects selected by PSCs, and helps to raise finances. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC should ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":238, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardiza- tion (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.CVR programmes may include different types of coordination mechanisms to guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction use consistent language used international organization standardiza tion iso standard guideline n \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action n \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability n \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation.cvr programme may include different type coordination mechanism guide cvr project selection implementation monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardiza- tion (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.CVR programmes may include different types of coordination mechanisms to guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two common coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsible for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC. (See below.) All project selec- tion should comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects benefitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the overall strategic direction for CVR, vets and approves projects selected by PSCs, and helps to raise finances. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC should ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":238, "Sentence":"Two common coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsible for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction two common coordination mechanism n project selection committee pscs communitybased pscs established selected area include representative sample stakeholder responsible selecting project vetted pac\/prc ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardiza- tion (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.CVR programmes may include different types of coordination mechanisms to guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two common coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsible for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC. (See below.) All project selec- tion should comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects benefitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the overall strategic direction for CVR, vets and approves projects selected by PSCs, and helps to raise finances. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC should ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":238, "Sentence":"(See below.)", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction see ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardiza- tion (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.CVR programmes may include different types of coordination mechanisms to guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two common coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsible for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC. (See below.) All project selec- tion should comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects benefitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the overall strategic direction for CVR, vets and approves projects selected by PSCs, and helps to raise finances. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC should ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":238, "Sentence":"All project selec- tion should comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects benefitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction project selec tion comply gender quota minimum 30 project benefitting woman woman \u2019 involvement 30 leadership management position ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardiza- tion (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.CVR programmes may include different types of coordination mechanisms to guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two common coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsible for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC. (See below.) All project selec- tion should comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects benefitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the overall strategic direction for CVR, vets and approves projects selected by PSCs, and helps to raise finances. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC should ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":238, "Sentence":"\\n Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the overall strategic direction for CVR, vets and approves projects selected by PSCs, and helps to raise finances.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction n project approval\/review committee pac\/prc pac\/prc set overall strategic direction cvr vet approves project selected pscs help raise finance ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardiza- tion (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.CVR programmes may include different types of coordination mechanisms to guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two common coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsible for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC. (See below.) All project selec- tion should comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects benefitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the overall strategic direction for CVR, vets and approves projects selected by PSCs, and helps to raise finances. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC should ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":238, "Sentence":"The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction pac\/prc exhibit high degree clarity role function ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardiza- tion (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.CVR programmes may include different types of coordination mechanisms to guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two common coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsible for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC. (See below.) All project selec- tion should comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects benefitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the overall strategic direction for CVR, vets and approves projects selected by PSCs, and helps to raise finances. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC should ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":238, "Sentence":"Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction entity meet semiregular basis usually certain number cvr project presented minimum week advance pac\/prc member consideration ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardiza- tion (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.CVR programmes may include different types of coordination mechanisms to guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two common coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsible for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC. (See below.) All project selec- tion should comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects benefitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the overall strategic direction for CVR, vets and approves projects selected by PSCs, and helps to raise finances. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC should ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":238, "Sentence":"The PAC\/PRC should ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction pac\/prc ensure proposal comply gender quota ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"CVR is a DDR-related tool that directly responds to the presence of active and\/or for- mer members of armed groups in a community and is designed to promote security and stability in both mission and non-mission contexts (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.CVR programmes have a variety of uses.In situations where the preconditions for a DDR programme exist \u2013 including a ceasefire or peace agreement, trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to engage in DDR and minimum guarantees of security \u2013 CVR may be pursued before, during and after a DDR programme, as a complementary measure. Specific provisions for CVR may also be included in local-level peace agreements, sometimes instead of DDR programmes (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).When the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent, CVR may be used to contribute to security and stabilization, to help make the returns of stability more tangible, and to create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. More specifically, CVR programmes can be used as a means to: \\n De-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and build confidence before the signature of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the launch of a DDR programme; \\n Prevent at-risk individuals, particularly at-risk youth, from joining armed groups; \\n Stop former members of armed groups from rejoining these groups and from en- gaging in violent crime and destructive social unrest; \\n Provide stop-gap reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months), par- ticularly if demobilization is complete and reintegration support is still at the planning and\/or resource mobilization stage; \\n Encourage members of armed groups that have not signed on to peace agreements to move away from armed violence; \\n Reorient members of armed groups away from waging war and towards construc- tive activities; \\n Reduce violence in communities and neighbourhoods that are vulnerable to high rates of armed violence, organized crime and\/or sexual or gender-based violence; and \\n Increase the capacity of communities and neighbourhoods to absorb newly rein- serted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR programmes are typically short to medium term and include, but are not limited to, a combination of: \\n Weapons and ammunition management; \\n Labour-intensive short-term employment; \\n Vocational\/skills training and job employment; \\n Infrastructure improvement; \\n Community security and police rapprochement; \\n Educational outreach and social mobilization; \\n Mental health and psychosocial support, in both collective and individual formats; \\n Civic education; and \\n Gender transformative projects including education and awareness-raising pro- grammes with community members on gender, women\u2019s empowerment, and con- flict-related sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention and response.Whether introduced in mission or non-mission settings, CVR priorities and projects should, without exception, be crafted at the local level, with representative participation, and where possible, consultation of community stakeholders, including women, boys, girls and youth.All CVR programmes should be underpinned by a clear theory of change that defines the problem to be solved, surfaces the core assumptions underlying the theory of change, explains the core targets and metrics to be addressed, and describes how the proposed intervention activities will address these issues.Specific theories of change for CVR programmes should be adapted to particular con- texts. However, very often an underlying ex- pectation of CVR is that specific programme activities will provide former combatants and other at-risk individuals with alternatives that are more attractive than joining armed groups or resorting to armed violence and\/or provide the mental tools and interpersonal coping strat- egies to resist incitements to violence. Another common underlying expectation is that CVR projects will contribute to social cohesion. In socially cohesive communities, com- munity members feel that they belong to the community, that there is trust between community members, and that community members can work together. Members of socially cohesive communities are more likely to be aware of, and more likely to inter- vene when they see, behaviour that may lead to violence. Therefore, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives, communities become active participants in the reduction of armed violence.By promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, CVR has the potential to directly contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, and particularly SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. CVR can also reinforce other SDG targets, including 4.1 and 4.7, on education and promoting cultures of peace, respectively; 5.2 and 5.5, on preventing violence against women and girls and promoting women\u00b4s leadership and participation; and 8.7 and 8.8, related to child soldiers and improving workplace safety. CVR may also contribute to SDG 10.2, on political, social and economic inclusion; 11.1, 11.2 and 11.7, on housing, transport and safe public spaces; and 16.1, 16.2 and 16.4, related to reducing violence, especially against children, and the availability of arms.CVR programmes aim to sustain peace by preventing the (re-)recruitment of former combatants and other individuals at risk of recruitment (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). More specifically, CVR programmes should actively strengthen the protective factors that increase the resilience of young people, women and communities to involvement in, or harms associated with, violence.CVR shall not lead, but could help to facilitate, a political process (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Although CVR is essentially a technical intervention, the pro- cess of planning, formulating, negotiating and executing activities may be intensely political. CVR should involve routine engagement and negotiation with government officials, active and\/or former members of armed groups, individuals at risk of recruit- ment, business and civic leaders, and communities as a whole; it necessitates a deep understanding of the local context and the common definition\/understanding of an overarching CVR strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":239, "Sentence":"CVR is a DDR-related tool that directly responds to the presence of active and\/or for- mer members of armed groups in a community and is designed to promote security and stability in both mission and non-mission contexts (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr ddrrelated tool directly responds presence active and\/or mer member armed group community designed promote security stability mission nonmission context see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"CVR is a DDR-related tool that directly responds to the presence of active and\/or for- mer members of armed groups in a community and is designed to promote security and stability in both mission and non-mission contexts (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.CVR programmes have a variety of uses.In situations where the preconditions for a DDR programme exist \u2013 including a ceasefire or peace agreement, trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to engage in DDR and minimum guarantees of security \u2013 CVR may be pursued before, during and after a DDR programme, as a complementary measure. Specific provisions for CVR may also be included in local-level peace agreements, sometimes instead of DDR programmes (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).When the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent, CVR may be used to contribute to security and stabilization, to help make the returns of stability more tangible, and to create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. More specifically, CVR programmes can be used as a means to: \\n De-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and build confidence before the signature of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the launch of a DDR programme; \\n Prevent at-risk individuals, particularly at-risk youth, from joining armed groups; \\n Stop former members of armed groups from rejoining these groups and from en- gaging in violent crime and destructive social unrest; \\n Provide stop-gap reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months), par- ticularly if demobilization is complete and reintegration support is still at the planning and\/or resource mobilization stage; \\n Encourage members of armed groups that have not signed on to peace agreements to move away from armed violence; \\n Reorient members of armed groups away from waging war and towards construc- tive activities; \\n Reduce violence in communities and neighbourhoods that are vulnerable to high rates of armed violence, organized crime and\/or sexual or gender-based violence; and \\n Increase the capacity of communities and neighbourhoods to absorb newly rein- serted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR programmes are typically short to medium term and include, but are not limited to, a combination of: \\n Weapons and ammunition management; \\n Labour-intensive short-term employment; \\n Vocational\/skills training and job employment; \\n Infrastructure improvement; \\n Community security and police rapprochement; \\n Educational outreach and social mobilization; \\n Mental health and psychosocial support, in both collective and individual formats; \\n Civic education; and \\n Gender transformative projects including education and awareness-raising pro- grammes with community members on gender, women\u2019s empowerment, and con- flict-related sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention and response.Whether introduced in mission or non-mission settings, CVR priorities and projects should, without exception, be crafted at the local level, with representative participation, and where possible, consultation of community stakeholders, including women, boys, girls and youth.All CVR programmes should be underpinned by a clear theory of change that defines the problem to be solved, surfaces the core assumptions underlying the theory of change, explains the core targets and metrics to be addressed, and describes how the proposed intervention activities will address these issues.Specific theories of change for CVR programmes should be adapted to particular con- texts. However, very often an underlying ex- pectation of CVR is that specific programme activities will provide former combatants and other at-risk individuals with alternatives that are more attractive than joining armed groups or resorting to armed violence and\/or provide the mental tools and interpersonal coping strat- egies to resist incitements to violence. Another common underlying expectation is that CVR projects will contribute to social cohesion. In socially cohesive communities, com- munity members feel that they belong to the community, that there is trust between community members, and that community members can work together. Members of socially cohesive communities are more likely to be aware of, and more likely to inter- vene when they see, behaviour that may lead to violence. Therefore, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives, communities become active participants in the reduction of armed violence.By promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, CVR has the potential to directly contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, and particularly SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. CVR can also reinforce other SDG targets, including 4.1 and 4.7, on education and promoting cultures of peace, respectively; 5.2 and 5.5, on preventing violence against women and girls and promoting women\u00b4s leadership and participation; and 8.7 and 8.8, related to child soldiers and improving workplace safety. CVR may also contribute to SDG 10.2, on political, social and economic inclusion; 11.1, 11.2 and 11.7, on housing, transport and safe public spaces; and 16.1, 16.2 and 16.4, related to reducing violence, especially against children, and the availability of arms.CVR programmes aim to sustain peace by preventing the (re-)recruitment of former combatants and other individuals at risk of recruitment (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). More specifically, CVR programmes should actively strengthen the protective factors that increase the resilience of young people, women and communities to involvement in, or harms associated with, violence.CVR shall not lead, but could help to facilitate, a political process (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Although CVR is essentially a technical intervention, the pro- cess of planning, formulating, negotiating and executing activities may be intensely political. CVR should involve routine engagement and negotiation with government officials, active and\/or former members of armed groups, individuals at risk of recruit- ment, business and civic leaders, and communities as a whole; it necessitates a deep understanding of the local context and the common definition\/understanding of an overarching CVR strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":239, "Sentence":"CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.CVR programmes have a variety of uses.In situations where the preconditions for a DDR programme exist \u2013 including a ceasefire or peace agreement, trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to engage in DDR and minimum guarantees of security \u2013 CVR may be pursued before, during and after a DDR programme, as a complementary measure.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr shall used provide material financial assistance active member armed groups.cvr programme variety uses.in situation precondition ddr programme exist \u2013 including ceasefire peace agreement trust peace process willingness party engage ddr minimum guarantee security \u2013 cvr may pursued ddr programme complementary measure ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"CVR is a DDR-related tool that directly responds to the presence of active and\/or for- mer members of armed groups in a community and is designed to promote security and stability in both mission and non-mission contexts (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.CVR programmes have a variety of uses.In situations where the preconditions for a DDR programme exist \u2013 including a ceasefire or peace agreement, trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to engage in DDR and minimum guarantees of security \u2013 CVR may be pursued before, during and after a DDR programme, as a complementary measure. Specific provisions for CVR may also be included in local-level peace agreements, sometimes instead of DDR programmes (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).When the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent, CVR may be used to contribute to security and stabilization, to help make the returns of stability more tangible, and to create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. More specifically, CVR programmes can be used as a means to: \\n De-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and build confidence before the signature of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the launch of a DDR programme; \\n Prevent at-risk individuals, particularly at-risk youth, from joining armed groups; \\n Stop former members of armed groups from rejoining these groups and from en- gaging in violent crime and destructive social unrest; \\n Provide stop-gap reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months), par- ticularly if demobilization is complete and reintegration support is still at the planning and\/or resource mobilization stage; \\n Encourage members of armed groups that have not signed on to peace agreements to move away from armed violence; \\n Reorient members of armed groups away from waging war and towards construc- tive activities; \\n Reduce violence in communities and neighbourhoods that are vulnerable to high rates of armed violence, organized crime and\/or sexual or gender-based violence; and \\n Increase the capacity of communities and neighbourhoods to absorb newly rein- serted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR programmes are typically short to medium term and include, but are not limited to, a combination of: \\n Weapons and ammunition management; \\n Labour-intensive short-term employment; \\n Vocational\/skills training and job employment; \\n Infrastructure improvement; \\n Community security and police rapprochement; \\n Educational outreach and social mobilization; \\n Mental health and psychosocial support, in both collective and individual formats; \\n Civic education; and \\n Gender transformative projects including education and awareness-raising pro- grammes with community members on gender, women\u2019s empowerment, and con- flict-related sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention and response.Whether introduced in mission or non-mission settings, CVR priorities and projects should, without exception, be crafted at the local level, with representative participation, and where possible, consultation of community stakeholders, including women, boys, girls and youth.All CVR programmes should be underpinned by a clear theory of change that defines the problem to be solved, surfaces the core assumptions underlying the theory of change, explains the core targets and metrics to be addressed, and describes how the proposed intervention activities will address these issues.Specific theories of change for CVR programmes should be adapted to particular con- texts. However, very often an underlying ex- pectation of CVR is that specific programme activities will provide former combatants and other at-risk individuals with alternatives that are more attractive than joining armed groups or resorting to armed violence and\/or provide the mental tools and interpersonal coping strat- egies to resist incitements to violence. Another common underlying expectation is that CVR projects will contribute to social cohesion. In socially cohesive communities, com- munity members feel that they belong to the community, that there is trust between community members, and that community members can work together. Members of socially cohesive communities are more likely to be aware of, and more likely to inter- vene when they see, behaviour that may lead to violence. Therefore, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives, communities become active participants in the reduction of armed violence.By promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, CVR has the potential to directly contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, and particularly SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. CVR can also reinforce other SDG targets, including 4.1 and 4.7, on education and promoting cultures of peace, respectively; 5.2 and 5.5, on preventing violence against women and girls and promoting women\u00b4s leadership and participation; and 8.7 and 8.8, related to child soldiers and improving workplace safety. CVR may also contribute to SDG 10.2, on political, social and economic inclusion; 11.1, 11.2 and 11.7, on housing, transport and safe public spaces; and 16.1, 16.2 and 16.4, related to reducing violence, especially against children, and the availability of arms.CVR programmes aim to sustain peace by preventing the (re-)recruitment of former combatants and other individuals at risk of recruitment (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). More specifically, CVR programmes should actively strengthen the protective factors that increase the resilience of young people, women and communities to involvement in, or harms associated with, violence.CVR shall not lead, but could help to facilitate, a political process (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Although CVR is essentially a technical intervention, the pro- cess of planning, formulating, negotiating and executing activities may be intensely political. CVR should involve routine engagement and negotiation with government officials, active and\/or former members of armed groups, individuals at risk of recruit- ment, business and civic leaders, and communities as a whole; it necessitates a deep understanding of the local context and the common definition\/understanding of an overarching CVR strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":239, "Sentence":"Specific provisions for CVR may also be included in local-level peace agreements, sometimes instead of DDR programmes (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).When the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent, CVR may be used to contribute to security and stabilization, to help make the returns of stability more tangible, and to create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction specific provision cvr may also included locallevel peace agreement sometimes instead ddr programme see iddrs 2.20 politics ddr.when precondition ddr programme absent cvr may used contribute security stabilization help make return stability tangible create conducive environment national local peace process ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"CVR is a DDR-related tool that directly responds to the presence of active and\/or for- mer members of armed groups in a community and is designed to promote security and stability in both mission and non-mission contexts (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.CVR programmes have a variety of uses.In situations where the preconditions for a DDR programme exist \u2013 including a ceasefire or peace agreement, trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to engage in DDR and minimum guarantees of security \u2013 CVR may be pursued before, during and after a DDR programme, as a complementary measure. Specific provisions for CVR may also be included in local-level peace agreements, sometimes instead of DDR programmes (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).When the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent, CVR may be used to contribute to security and stabilization, to help make the returns of stability more tangible, and to create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. More specifically, CVR programmes can be used as a means to: \\n De-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and build confidence before the signature of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the launch of a DDR programme; \\n Prevent at-risk individuals, particularly at-risk youth, from joining armed groups; \\n Stop former members of armed groups from rejoining these groups and from en- gaging in violent crime and destructive social unrest; \\n Provide stop-gap reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months), par- ticularly if demobilization is complete and reintegration support is still at the planning and\/or resource mobilization stage; \\n Encourage members of armed groups that have not signed on to peace agreements to move away from armed violence; \\n Reorient members of armed groups away from waging war and towards construc- tive activities; \\n Reduce violence in communities and neighbourhoods that are vulnerable to high rates of armed violence, organized crime and\/or sexual or gender-based violence; and \\n Increase the capacity of communities and neighbourhoods to absorb newly rein- serted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR programmes are typically short to medium term and include, but are not limited to, a combination of: \\n Weapons and ammunition management; \\n Labour-intensive short-term employment; \\n Vocational\/skills training and job employment; \\n Infrastructure improvement; \\n Community security and police rapprochement; \\n Educational outreach and social mobilization; \\n Mental health and psychosocial support, in both collective and individual formats; \\n Civic education; and \\n Gender transformative projects including education and awareness-raising pro- grammes with community members on gender, women\u2019s empowerment, and con- flict-related sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention and response.Whether introduced in mission or non-mission settings, CVR priorities and projects should, without exception, be crafted at the local level, with representative participation, and where possible, consultation of community stakeholders, including women, boys, girls and youth.All CVR programmes should be underpinned by a clear theory of change that defines the problem to be solved, surfaces the core assumptions underlying the theory of change, explains the core targets and metrics to be addressed, and describes how the proposed intervention activities will address these issues.Specific theories of change for CVR programmes should be adapted to particular con- texts. However, very often an underlying ex- pectation of CVR is that specific programme activities will provide former combatants and other at-risk individuals with alternatives that are more attractive than joining armed groups or resorting to armed violence and\/or provide the mental tools and interpersonal coping strat- egies to resist incitements to violence. Another common underlying expectation is that CVR projects will contribute to social cohesion. In socially cohesive communities, com- munity members feel that they belong to the community, that there is trust between community members, and that community members can work together. Members of socially cohesive communities are more likely to be aware of, and more likely to inter- vene when they see, behaviour that may lead to violence. Therefore, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives, communities become active participants in the reduction of armed violence.By promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, CVR has the potential to directly contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, and particularly SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. CVR can also reinforce other SDG targets, including 4.1 and 4.7, on education and promoting cultures of peace, respectively; 5.2 and 5.5, on preventing violence against women and girls and promoting women\u00b4s leadership and participation; and 8.7 and 8.8, related to child soldiers and improving workplace safety. CVR may also contribute to SDG 10.2, on political, social and economic inclusion; 11.1, 11.2 and 11.7, on housing, transport and safe public spaces; and 16.1, 16.2 and 16.4, related to reducing violence, especially against children, and the availability of arms.CVR programmes aim to sustain peace by preventing the (re-)recruitment of former combatants and other individuals at risk of recruitment (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). More specifically, CVR programmes should actively strengthen the protective factors that increase the resilience of young people, women and communities to involvement in, or harms associated with, violence.CVR shall not lead, but could help to facilitate, a political process (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Although CVR is essentially a technical intervention, the pro- cess of planning, formulating, negotiating and executing activities may be intensely political. CVR should involve routine engagement and negotiation with government officials, active and\/or former members of armed groups, individuals at risk of recruit- ment, business and civic leaders, and communities as a whole; it necessitates a deep understanding of the local context and the common definition\/understanding of an overarching CVR strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":239, "Sentence":"More specifically, CVR programmes can be used as a means to: \\n De-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and build confidence before the signature of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the launch of a DDR programme; \\n Prevent at-risk individuals, particularly at-risk youth, from joining armed groups; \\n Stop former members of armed groups from rejoining these groups and from en- gaging in violent crime and destructive social unrest; \\n Provide stop-gap reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months), par- ticularly if demobilization is complete and reintegration support is still at the planning and\/or resource mobilization stage; \\n Encourage members of armed groups that have not signed on to peace agreements to move away from armed violence; \\n Reorient members of armed groups away from waging war and towards construc- tive activities; \\n Reduce violence in communities and neighbourhoods that are vulnerable to high rates of armed violence, organized crime and\/or sexual or gender-based violence; and \\n Increase the capacity of communities and neighbourhoods to absorb newly rein- serted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR programmes are typically short to medium term and include, but are not limited to, a combination of: \\n Weapons and ammunition management; \\n Labour-intensive short-term employment; \\n Vocational\/skills training and job employment; \\n Infrastructure improvement; \\n Community security and police rapprochement; \\n Educational outreach and social mobilization; \\n Mental health and psychosocial support, in both collective and individual formats; \\n Civic education; and \\n Gender transformative projects including education and awareness-raising pro- grammes with community members on gender, women\u2019s empowerment, and con- flict-related sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention and response.Whether introduced in mission or non-mission settings, CVR priorities and projects should, without exception, be crafted at the local level, with representative participation, and where possible, consultation of community stakeholders, including women, boys, girls and youth.All CVR programmes should be underpinned by a clear theory of change that defines the problem to be solved, surfaces the core assumptions underlying the theory of change, explains the core targets and metrics to be addressed, and describes how the proposed intervention activities will address these issues.Specific theories of change for CVR programmes should be adapted to particular con- texts.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction specifically cvr programme used mean n deescalate violence preliminary ceasefire build confidence signature comprehensive peace agreement cpa launch ddr programme n prevent atrisk individual particularly atrisk youth joining armed group n stop former member armed group rejoining group en gaging violent crime destructive social unrest n provide stopgap reinsertion assistance defined period 6\u201318 month par ticularly demobilization complete reintegration support still planning and\/or resource mobilization stage n encourage member armed group signed peace agreement move away armed violence n reorient member armed group away waging war towards construc tive activity n reduce violence community neighbourhood vulnerable high rate armed violence organized crime and\/or sexual genderbased violence n increase capacity community neighbourhood absorb newly rein serted reintegrated former combatants.cvr programme typically short medium term include limited combination n weapon ammunition management n labourintensive shortterm employment n vocational\/skills training job employment n infrastructure improvement n community security police rapprochement n educational outreach social mobilization n mental health psychosocial support collective individual format n civic education n gender transformative project including education awarenessraising pro gramme community member gender woman \u2019 empowerment con flictrelated sexual genderbased violence sgbv prevention response.whether introduced mission nonmission setting cvr priority project without exception crafted local level representative participation possible consultation community stakeholder including woman boy girl youth.all cvr programme underpinned clear theory change defines problem solved surface core assumption underlying theory change explains core target metric addressed describes proposed intervention activity address issues.specific theory change cvr programme adapted particular con text ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"CVR is a DDR-related tool that directly responds to the presence of active and\/or for- mer members of armed groups in a community and is designed to promote security and stability in both mission and non-mission contexts (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.CVR programmes have a variety of uses.In situations where the preconditions for a DDR programme exist \u2013 including a ceasefire or peace agreement, trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to engage in DDR and minimum guarantees of security \u2013 CVR may be pursued before, during and after a DDR programme, as a complementary measure. Specific provisions for CVR may also be included in local-level peace agreements, sometimes instead of DDR programmes (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).When the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent, CVR may be used to contribute to security and stabilization, to help make the returns of stability more tangible, and to create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. More specifically, CVR programmes can be used as a means to: \\n De-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and build confidence before the signature of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the launch of a DDR programme; \\n Prevent at-risk individuals, particularly at-risk youth, from joining armed groups; \\n Stop former members of armed groups from rejoining these groups and from en- gaging in violent crime and destructive social unrest; \\n Provide stop-gap reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months), par- ticularly if demobilization is complete and reintegration support is still at the planning and\/or resource mobilization stage; \\n Encourage members of armed groups that have not signed on to peace agreements to move away from armed violence; \\n Reorient members of armed groups away from waging war and towards construc- tive activities; \\n Reduce violence in communities and neighbourhoods that are vulnerable to high rates of armed violence, organized crime and\/or sexual or gender-based violence; and \\n Increase the capacity of communities and neighbourhoods to absorb newly rein- serted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR programmes are typically short to medium term and include, but are not limited to, a combination of: \\n Weapons and ammunition management; \\n Labour-intensive short-term employment; \\n Vocational\/skills training and job employment; \\n Infrastructure improvement; \\n Community security and police rapprochement; \\n Educational outreach and social mobilization; \\n Mental health and psychosocial support, in both collective and individual formats; \\n Civic education; and \\n Gender transformative projects including education and awareness-raising pro- grammes with community members on gender, women\u2019s empowerment, and con- flict-related sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention and response.Whether introduced in mission or non-mission settings, CVR priorities and projects should, without exception, be crafted at the local level, with representative participation, and where possible, consultation of community stakeholders, including women, boys, girls and youth.All CVR programmes should be underpinned by a clear theory of change that defines the problem to be solved, surfaces the core assumptions underlying the theory of change, explains the core targets and metrics to be addressed, and describes how the proposed intervention activities will address these issues.Specific theories of change for CVR programmes should be adapted to particular con- texts. However, very often an underlying ex- pectation of CVR is that specific programme activities will provide former combatants and other at-risk individuals with alternatives that are more attractive than joining armed groups or resorting to armed violence and\/or provide the mental tools and interpersonal coping strat- egies to resist incitements to violence. Another common underlying expectation is that CVR projects will contribute to social cohesion. In socially cohesive communities, com- munity members feel that they belong to the community, that there is trust between community members, and that community members can work together. Members of socially cohesive communities are more likely to be aware of, and more likely to inter- vene when they see, behaviour that may lead to violence. Therefore, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives, communities become active participants in the reduction of armed violence.By promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, CVR has the potential to directly contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, and particularly SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. CVR can also reinforce other SDG targets, including 4.1 and 4.7, on education and promoting cultures of peace, respectively; 5.2 and 5.5, on preventing violence against women and girls and promoting women\u00b4s leadership and participation; and 8.7 and 8.8, related to child soldiers and improving workplace safety. CVR may also contribute to SDG 10.2, on political, social and economic inclusion; 11.1, 11.2 and 11.7, on housing, transport and safe public spaces; and 16.1, 16.2 and 16.4, related to reducing violence, especially against children, and the availability of arms.CVR programmes aim to sustain peace by preventing the (re-)recruitment of former combatants and other individuals at risk of recruitment (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). More specifically, CVR programmes should actively strengthen the protective factors that increase the resilience of young people, women and communities to involvement in, or harms associated with, violence.CVR shall not lead, but could help to facilitate, a political process (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Although CVR is essentially a technical intervention, the pro- cess of planning, formulating, negotiating and executing activities may be intensely political. CVR should involve routine engagement and negotiation with government officials, active and\/or former members of armed groups, individuals at risk of recruit- ment, business and civic leaders, and communities as a whole; it necessitates a deep understanding of the local context and the common definition\/understanding of an overarching CVR strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":239, "Sentence":"However, very often an underlying ex- pectation of CVR is that specific programme activities will provide former combatants and other at-risk individuals with alternatives that are more attractive than joining armed groups or resorting to armed violence and\/or provide the mental tools and interpersonal coping strat- egies to resist incitements to violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction however often underlying ex pectation cvr specific programme activity provide former combatant atrisk individual alternative attractive joining armed group resorting armed violence and\/or provide mental tool interpersonal coping strat egies resist incitement violence ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"CVR is a DDR-related tool that directly responds to the presence of active and\/or for- mer members of armed groups in a community and is designed to promote security and stability in both mission and non-mission contexts (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.CVR programmes have a variety of uses.In situations where the preconditions for a DDR programme exist \u2013 including a ceasefire or peace agreement, trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to engage in DDR and minimum guarantees of security \u2013 CVR may be pursued before, during and after a DDR programme, as a complementary measure. Specific provisions for CVR may also be included in local-level peace agreements, sometimes instead of DDR programmes (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).When the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent, CVR may be used to contribute to security and stabilization, to help make the returns of stability more tangible, and to create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. More specifically, CVR programmes can be used as a means to: \\n De-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and build confidence before the signature of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the launch of a DDR programme; \\n Prevent at-risk individuals, particularly at-risk youth, from joining armed groups; \\n Stop former members of armed groups from rejoining these groups and from en- gaging in violent crime and destructive social unrest; \\n Provide stop-gap reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months), par- ticularly if demobilization is complete and reintegration support is still at the planning and\/or resource mobilization stage; \\n Encourage members of armed groups that have not signed on to peace agreements to move away from armed violence; \\n Reorient members of armed groups away from waging war and towards construc- tive activities; \\n Reduce violence in communities and neighbourhoods that are vulnerable to high rates of armed violence, organized crime and\/or sexual or gender-based violence; and \\n Increase the capacity of communities and neighbourhoods to absorb newly rein- serted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR programmes are typically short to medium term and include, but are not limited to, a combination of: \\n Weapons and ammunition management; \\n Labour-intensive short-term employment; \\n Vocational\/skills training and job employment; \\n Infrastructure improvement; \\n Community security and police rapprochement; \\n Educational outreach and social mobilization; \\n Mental health and psychosocial support, in both collective and individual formats; \\n Civic education; and \\n Gender transformative projects including education and awareness-raising pro- grammes with community members on gender, women\u2019s empowerment, and con- flict-related sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention and response.Whether introduced in mission or non-mission settings, CVR priorities and projects should, without exception, be crafted at the local level, with representative participation, and where possible, consultation of community stakeholders, including women, boys, girls and youth.All CVR programmes should be underpinned by a clear theory of change that defines the problem to be solved, surfaces the core assumptions underlying the theory of change, explains the core targets and metrics to be addressed, and describes how the proposed intervention activities will address these issues.Specific theories of change for CVR programmes should be adapted to particular con- texts. However, very often an underlying ex- pectation of CVR is that specific programme activities will provide former combatants and other at-risk individuals with alternatives that are more attractive than joining armed groups or resorting to armed violence and\/or provide the mental tools and interpersonal coping strat- egies to resist incitements to violence. Another common underlying expectation is that CVR projects will contribute to social cohesion. In socially cohesive communities, com- munity members feel that they belong to the community, that there is trust between community members, and that community members can work together. Members of socially cohesive communities are more likely to be aware of, and more likely to inter- vene when they see, behaviour that may lead to violence. Therefore, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives, communities become active participants in the reduction of armed violence.By promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, CVR has the potential to directly contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, and particularly SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. CVR can also reinforce other SDG targets, including 4.1 and 4.7, on education and promoting cultures of peace, respectively; 5.2 and 5.5, on preventing violence against women and girls and promoting women\u00b4s leadership and participation; and 8.7 and 8.8, related to child soldiers and improving workplace safety. CVR may also contribute to SDG 10.2, on political, social and economic inclusion; 11.1, 11.2 and 11.7, on housing, transport and safe public spaces; and 16.1, 16.2 and 16.4, related to reducing violence, especially against children, and the availability of arms.CVR programmes aim to sustain peace by preventing the (re-)recruitment of former combatants and other individuals at risk of recruitment (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). More specifically, CVR programmes should actively strengthen the protective factors that increase the resilience of young people, women and communities to involvement in, or harms associated with, violence.CVR shall not lead, but could help to facilitate, a political process (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Although CVR is essentially a technical intervention, the pro- cess of planning, formulating, negotiating and executing activities may be intensely political. CVR should involve routine engagement and negotiation with government officials, active and\/or former members of armed groups, individuals at risk of recruit- ment, business and civic leaders, and communities as a whole; it necessitates a deep understanding of the local context and the common definition\/understanding of an overarching CVR strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":239, "Sentence":"Another common underlying expectation is that CVR projects will contribute to social cohesion.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction another common underlying expectation cvr project contribute social cohesion ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"CVR is a DDR-related tool that directly responds to the presence of active and\/or for- mer members of armed groups in a community and is designed to promote security and stability in both mission and non-mission contexts (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.CVR programmes have a variety of uses.In situations where the preconditions for a DDR programme exist \u2013 including a ceasefire or peace agreement, trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to engage in DDR and minimum guarantees of security \u2013 CVR may be pursued before, during and after a DDR programme, as a complementary measure. Specific provisions for CVR may also be included in local-level peace agreements, sometimes instead of DDR programmes (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).When the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent, CVR may be used to contribute to security and stabilization, to help make the returns of stability more tangible, and to create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. More specifically, CVR programmes can be used as a means to: \\n De-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and build confidence before the signature of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the launch of a DDR programme; \\n Prevent at-risk individuals, particularly at-risk youth, from joining armed groups; \\n Stop former members of armed groups from rejoining these groups and from en- gaging in violent crime and destructive social unrest; \\n Provide stop-gap reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months), par- ticularly if demobilization is complete and reintegration support is still at the planning and\/or resource mobilization stage; \\n Encourage members of armed groups that have not signed on to peace agreements to move away from armed violence; \\n Reorient members of armed groups away from waging war and towards construc- tive activities; \\n Reduce violence in communities and neighbourhoods that are vulnerable to high rates of armed violence, organized crime and\/or sexual or gender-based violence; and \\n Increase the capacity of communities and neighbourhoods to absorb newly rein- serted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR programmes are typically short to medium term and include, but are not limited to, a combination of: \\n Weapons and ammunition management; \\n Labour-intensive short-term employment; \\n Vocational\/skills training and job employment; \\n Infrastructure improvement; \\n Community security and police rapprochement; \\n Educational outreach and social mobilization; \\n Mental health and psychosocial support, in both collective and individual formats; \\n Civic education; and \\n Gender transformative projects including education and awareness-raising pro- grammes with community members on gender, women\u2019s empowerment, and con- flict-related sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention and response.Whether introduced in mission or non-mission settings, CVR priorities and projects should, without exception, be crafted at the local level, with representative participation, and where possible, consultation of community stakeholders, including women, boys, girls and youth.All CVR programmes should be underpinned by a clear theory of change that defines the problem to be solved, surfaces the core assumptions underlying the theory of change, explains the core targets and metrics to be addressed, and describes how the proposed intervention activities will address these issues.Specific theories of change for CVR programmes should be adapted to particular con- texts. However, very often an underlying ex- pectation of CVR is that specific programme activities will provide former combatants and other at-risk individuals with alternatives that are more attractive than joining armed groups or resorting to armed violence and\/or provide the mental tools and interpersonal coping strat- egies to resist incitements to violence. Another common underlying expectation is that CVR projects will contribute to social cohesion. In socially cohesive communities, com- munity members feel that they belong to the community, that there is trust between community members, and that community members can work together. Members of socially cohesive communities are more likely to be aware of, and more likely to inter- vene when they see, behaviour that may lead to violence. Therefore, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives, communities become active participants in the reduction of armed violence.By promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, CVR has the potential to directly contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, and particularly SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. CVR can also reinforce other SDG targets, including 4.1 and 4.7, on education and promoting cultures of peace, respectively; 5.2 and 5.5, on preventing violence against women and girls and promoting women\u00b4s leadership and participation; and 8.7 and 8.8, related to child soldiers and improving workplace safety. CVR may also contribute to SDG 10.2, on political, social and economic inclusion; 11.1, 11.2 and 11.7, on housing, transport and safe public spaces; and 16.1, 16.2 and 16.4, related to reducing violence, especially against children, and the availability of arms.CVR programmes aim to sustain peace by preventing the (re-)recruitment of former combatants and other individuals at risk of recruitment (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). More specifically, CVR programmes should actively strengthen the protective factors that increase the resilience of young people, women and communities to involvement in, or harms associated with, violence.CVR shall not lead, but could help to facilitate, a political process (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Although CVR is essentially a technical intervention, the pro- cess of planning, formulating, negotiating and executing activities may be intensely political. CVR should involve routine engagement and negotiation with government officials, active and\/or former members of armed groups, individuals at risk of recruit- ment, business and civic leaders, and communities as a whole; it necessitates a deep understanding of the local context and the common definition\/understanding of an overarching CVR strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":239, "Sentence":"In socially cohesive communities, com- munity members feel that they belong to the community, that there is trust between community members, and that community members can work together.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction socially cohesive community com munity member feel belong community trust community member community member work together ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"CVR is a DDR-related tool that directly responds to the presence of active and\/or for- mer members of armed groups in a community and is designed to promote security and stability in both mission and non-mission contexts (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.CVR programmes have a variety of uses.In situations where the preconditions for a DDR programme exist \u2013 including a ceasefire or peace agreement, trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to engage in DDR and minimum guarantees of security \u2013 CVR may be pursued before, during and after a DDR programme, as a complementary measure. Specific provisions for CVR may also be included in local-level peace agreements, sometimes instead of DDR programmes (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).When the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent, CVR may be used to contribute to security and stabilization, to help make the returns of stability more tangible, and to create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. More specifically, CVR programmes can be used as a means to: \\n De-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and build confidence before the signature of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the launch of a DDR programme; \\n Prevent at-risk individuals, particularly at-risk youth, from joining armed groups; \\n Stop former members of armed groups from rejoining these groups and from en- gaging in violent crime and destructive social unrest; \\n Provide stop-gap reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months), par- ticularly if demobilization is complete and reintegration support is still at the planning and\/or resource mobilization stage; \\n Encourage members of armed groups that have not signed on to peace agreements to move away from armed violence; \\n Reorient members of armed groups away from waging war and towards construc- tive activities; \\n Reduce violence in communities and neighbourhoods that are vulnerable to high rates of armed violence, organized crime and\/or sexual or gender-based violence; and \\n Increase the capacity of communities and neighbourhoods to absorb newly rein- serted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR programmes are typically short to medium term and include, but are not limited to, a combination of: \\n Weapons and ammunition management; \\n Labour-intensive short-term employment; \\n Vocational\/skills training and job employment; \\n Infrastructure improvement; \\n Community security and police rapprochement; \\n Educational outreach and social mobilization; \\n Mental health and psychosocial support, in both collective and individual formats; \\n Civic education; and \\n Gender transformative projects including education and awareness-raising pro- grammes with community members on gender, women\u2019s empowerment, and con- flict-related sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention and response.Whether introduced in mission or non-mission settings, CVR priorities and projects should, without exception, be crafted at the local level, with representative participation, and where possible, consultation of community stakeholders, including women, boys, girls and youth.All CVR programmes should be underpinned by a clear theory of change that defines the problem to be solved, surfaces the core assumptions underlying the theory of change, explains the core targets and metrics to be addressed, and describes how the proposed intervention activities will address these issues.Specific theories of change for CVR programmes should be adapted to particular con- texts. However, very often an underlying ex- pectation of CVR is that specific programme activities will provide former combatants and other at-risk individuals with alternatives that are more attractive than joining armed groups or resorting to armed violence and\/or provide the mental tools and interpersonal coping strat- egies to resist incitements to violence. Another common underlying expectation is that CVR projects will contribute to social cohesion. In socially cohesive communities, com- munity members feel that they belong to the community, that there is trust between community members, and that community members can work together. Members of socially cohesive communities are more likely to be aware of, and more likely to inter- vene when they see, behaviour that may lead to violence. Therefore, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives, communities become active participants in the reduction of armed violence.By promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, CVR has the potential to directly contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, and particularly SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. CVR can also reinforce other SDG targets, including 4.1 and 4.7, on education and promoting cultures of peace, respectively; 5.2 and 5.5, on preventing violence against women and girls and promoting women\u00b4s leadership and participation; and 8.7 and 8.8, related to child soldiers and improving workplace safety. CVR may also contribute to SDG 10.2, on political, social and economic inclusion; 11.1, 11.2 and 11.7, on housing, transport and safe public spaces; and 16.1, 16.2 and 16.4, related to reducing violence, especially against children, and the availability of arms.CVR programmes aim to sustain peace by preventing the (re-)recruitment of former combatants and other individuals at risk of recruitment (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). More specifically, CVR programmes should actively strengthen the protective factors that increase the resilience of young people, women and communities to involvement in, or harms associated with, violence.CVR shall not lead, but could help to facilitate, a political process (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Although CVR is essentially a technical intervention, the pro- cess of planning, formulating, negotiating and executing activities may be intensely political. CVR should involve routine engagement and negotiation with government officials, active and\/or former members of armed groups, individuals at risk of recruit- ment, business and civic leaders, and communities as a whole; it necessitates a deep understanding of the local context and the common definition\/understanding of an overarching CVR strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":239, "Sentence":"Members of socially cohesive communities are more likely to be aware of, and more likely to inter- vene when they see, behaviour that may lead to violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction member socially cohesive community likely aware likely inter vene see behaviour may lead violence ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"CVR is a DDR-related tool that directly responds to the presence of active and\/or for- mer members of armed groups in a community and is designed to promote security and stability in both mission and non-mission contexts (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.CVR programmes have a variety of uses.In situations where the preconditions for a DDR programme exist \u2013 including a ceasefire or peace agreement, trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to engage in DDR and minimum guarantees of security \u2013 CVR may be pursued before, during and after a DDR programme, as a complementary measure. Specific provisions for CVR may also be included in local-level peace agreements, sometimes instead of DDR programmes (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).When the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent, CVR may be used to contribute to security and stabilization, to help make the returns of stability more tangible, and to create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. More specifically, CVR programmes can be used as a means to: \\n De-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and build confidence before the signature of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the launch of a DDR programme; \\n Prevent at-risk individuals, particularly at-risk youth, from joining armed groups; \\n Stop former members of armed groups from rejoining these groups and from en- gaging in violent crime and destructive social unrest; \\n Provide stop-gap reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months), par- ticularly if demobilization is complete and reintegration support is still at the planning and\/or resource mobilization stage; \\n Encourage members of armed groups that have not signed on to peace agreements to move away from armed violence; \\n Reorient members of armed groups away from waging war and towards construc- tive activities; \\n Reduce violence in communities and neighbourhoods that are vulnerable to high rates of armed violence, organized crime and\/or sexual or gender-based violence; and \\n Increase the capacity of communities and neighbourhoods to absorb newly rein- serted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR programmes are typically short to medium term and include, but are not limited to, a combination of: \\n Weapons and ammunition management; \\n Labour-intensive short-term employment; \\n Vocational\/skills training and job employment; \\n Infrastructure improvement; \\n Community security and police rapprochement; \\n Educational outreach and social mobilization; \\n Mental health and psychosocial support, in both collective and individual formats; \\n Civic education; and \\n Gender transformative projects including education and awareness-raising pro- grammes with community members on gender, women\u2019s empowerment, and con- flict-related sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention and response.Whether introduced in mission or non-mission settings, CVR priorities and projects should, without exception, be crafted at the local level, with representative participation, and where possible, consultation of community stakeholders, including women, boys, girls and youth.All CVR programmes should be underpinned by a clear theory of change that defines the problem to be solved, surfaces the core assumptions underlying the theory of change, explains the core targets and metrics to be addressed, and describes how the proposed intervention activities will address these issues.Specific theories of change for CVR programmes should be adapted to particular con- texts. However, very often an underlying ex- pectation of CVR is that specific programme activities will provide former combatants and other at-risk individuals with alternatives that are more attractive than joining armed groups or resorting to armed violence and\/or provide the mental tools and interpersonal coping strat- egies to resist incitements to violence. Another common underlying expectation is that CVR projects will contribute to social cohesion. In socially cohesive communities, com- munity members feel that they belong to the community, that there is trust between community members, and that community members can work together. Members of socially cohesive communities are more likely to be aware of, and more likely to inter- vene when they see, behaviour that may lead to violence. Therefore, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives, communities become active participants in the reduction of armed violence.By promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, CVR has the potential to directly contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, and particularly SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. CVR can also reinforce other SDG targets, including 4.1 and 4.7, on education and promoting cultures of peace, respectively; 5.2 and 5.5, on preventing violence against women and girls and promoting women\u00b4s leadership and participation; and 8.7 and 8.8, related to child soldiers and improving workplace safety. CVR may also contribute to SDG 10.2, on political, social and economic inclusion; 11.1, 11.2 and 11.7, on housing, transport and safe public spaces; and 16.1, 16.2 and 16.4, related to reducing violence, especially against children, and the availability of arms.CVR programmes aim to sustain peace by preventing the (re-)recruitment of former combatants and other individuals at risk of recruitment (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). More specifically, CVR programmes should actively strengthen the protective factors that increase the resilience of young people, women and communities to involvement in, or harms associated with, violence.CVR shall not lead, but could help to facilitate, a political process (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Although CVR is essentially a technical intervention, the pro- cess of planning, formulating, negotiating and executing activities may be intensely political. CVR should involve routine engagement and negotiation with government officials, active and\/or former members of armed groups, individuals at risk of recruit- ment, business and civic leaders, and communities as a whole; it necessitates a deep understanding of the local context and the common definition\/understanding of an overarching CVR strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":239, "Sentence":"Therefore, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives, communities become active participants in the reduction of armed violence.By promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, CVR has the potential to directly contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, and particularly SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction therefore fostering social cohesion providing alternative community become active participant reduction armed violence.by promoting peaceful inclusive society cvr potential directly contribute sustainable development goal particularly sdg 16 peace justice strong institution ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"CVR is a DDR-related tool that directly responds to the presence of active and\/or for- mer members of armed groups in a community and is designed to promote security and stability in both mission and non-mission contexts (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.CVR programmes have a variety of uses.In situations where the preconditions for a DDR programme exist \u2013 including a ceasefire or peace agreement, trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to engage in DDR and minimum guarantees of security \u2013 CVR may be pursued before, during and after a DDR programme, as a complementary measure. Specific provisions for CVR may also be included in local-level peace agreements, sometimes instead of DDR programmes (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).When the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent, CVR may be used to contribute to security and stabilization, to help make the returns of stability more tangible, and to create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. More specifically, CVR programmes can be used as a means to: \\n De-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and build confidence before the signature of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the launch of a DDR programme; \\n Prevent at-risk individuals, particularly at-risk youth, from joining armed groups; \\n Stop former members of armed groups from rejoining these groups and from en- gaging in violent crime and destructive social unrest; \\n Provide stop-gap reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months), par- ticularly if demobilization is complete and reintegration support is still at the planning and\/or resource mobilization stage; \\n Encourage members of armed groups that have not signed on to peace agreements to move away from armed violence; \\n Reorient members of armed groups away from waging war and towards construc- tive activities; \\n Reduce violence in communities and neighbourhoods that are vulnerable to high rates of armed violence, organized crime and\/or sexual or gender-based violence; and \\n Increase the capacity of communities and neighbourhoods to absorb newly rein- serted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR programmes are typically short to medium term and include, but are not limited to, a combination of: \\n Weapons and ammunition management; \\n Labour-intensive short-term employment; \\n Vocational\/skills training and job employment; \\n Infrastructure improvement; \\n Community security and police rapprochement; \\n Educational outreach and social mobilization; \\n Mental health and psychosocial support, in both collective and individual formats; \\n Civic education; and \\n Gender transformative projects including education and awareness-raising pro- grammes with community members on gender, women\u2019s empowerment, and con- flict-related sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention and response.Whether introduced in mission or non-mission settings, CVR priorities and projects should, without exception, be crafted at the local level, with representative participation, and where possible, consultation of community stakeholders, including women, boys, girls and youth.All CVR programmes should be underpinned by a clear theory of change that defines the problem to be solved, surfaces the core assumptions underlying the theory of change, explains the core targets and metrics to be addressed, and describes how the proposed intervention activities will address these issues.Specific theories of change for CVR programmes should be adapted to particular con- texts. However, very often an underlying ex- pectation of CVR is that specific programme activities will provide former combatants and other at-risk individuals with alternatives that are more attractive than joining armed groups or resorting to armed violence and\/or provide the mental tools and interpersonal coping strat- egies to resist incitements to violence. Another common underlying expectation is that CVR projects will contribute to social cohesion. In socially cohesive communities, com- munity members feel that they belong to the community, that there is trust between community members, and that community members can work together. Members of socially cohesive communities are more likely to be aware of, and more likely to inter- vene when they see, behaviour that may lead to violence. Therefore, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives, communities become active participants in the reduction of armed violence.By promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, CVR has the potential to directly contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, and particularly SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. CVR can also reinforce other SDG targets, including 4.1 and 4.7, on education and promoting cultures of peace, respectively; 5.2 and 5.5, on preventing violence against women and girls and promoting women\u00b4s leadership and participation; and 8.7 and 8.8, related to child soldiers and improving workplace safety. CVR may also contribute to SDG 10.2, on political, social and economic inclusion; 11.1, 11.2 and 11.7, on housing, transport and safe public spaces; and 16.1, 16.2 and 16.4, related to reducing violence, especially against children, and the availability of arms.CVR programmes aim to sustain peace by preventing the (re-)recruitment of former combatants and other individuals at risk of recruitment (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). More specifically, CVR programmes should actively strengthen the protective factors that increase the resilience of young people, women and communities to involvement in, or harms associated with, violence.CVR shall not lead, but could help to facilitate, a political process (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Although CVR is essentially a technical intervention, the pro- cess of planning, formulating, negotiating and executing activities may be intensely political. CVR should involve routine engagement and negotiation with government officials, active and\/or former members of armed groups, individuals at risk of recruit- ment, business and civic leaders, and communities as a whole; it necessitates a deep understanding of the local context and the common definition\/understanding of an overarching CVR strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":239, "Sentence":"CVR can also reinforce other SDG targets, including 4.1 and 4.7, on education and promoting cultures of peace, respectively; 5.2 and 5.5, on preventing violence against women and girls and promoting women\u00b4s leadership and participation; and 8.7 and 8.8, related to child soldiers and improving workplace safety.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr also reinforce sdg target including 4.1 4.7 education promoting culture peace respectively 5.2 5.5 preventing violence woman girl promoting women\u00b4s leadership participation 8.7 8.8 related child soldier improving workplace safety ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"CVR is a DDR-related tool that directly responds to the presence of active and\/or for- mer members of armed groups in a community and is designed to promote security and stability in both mission and non-mission contexts (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.CVR programmes have a variety of uses.In situations where the preconditions for a DDR programme exist \u2013 including a ceasefire or peace agreement, trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to engage in DDR and minimum guarantees of security \u2013 CVR may be pursued before, during and after a DDR programme, as a complementary measure. Specific provisions for CVR may also be included in local-level peace agreements, sometimes instead of DDR programmes (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).When the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent, CVR may be used to contribute to security and stabilization, to help make the returns of stability more tangible, and to create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. More specifically, CVR programmes can be used as a means to: \\n De-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and build confidence before the signature of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the launch of a DDR programme; \\n Prevent at-risk individuals, particularly at-risk youth, from joining armed groups; \\n Stop former members of armed groups from rejoining these groups and from en- gaging in violent crime and destructive social unrest; \\n Provide stop-gap reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months), par- ticularly if demobilization is complete and reintegration support is still at the planning and\/or resource mobilization stage; \\n Encourage members of armed groups that have not signed on to peace agreements to move away from armed violence; \\n Reorient members of armed groups away from waging war and towards construc- tive activities; \\n Reduce violence in communities and neighbourhoods that are vulnerable to high rates of armed violence, organized crime and\/or sexual or gender-based violence; and \\n Increase the capacity of communities and neighbourhoods to absorb newly rein- serted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR programmes are typically short to medium term and include, but are not limited to, a combination of: \\n Weapons and ammunition management; \\n Labour-intensive short-term employment; \\n Vocational\/skills training and job employment; \\n Infrastructure improvement; \\n Community security and police rapprochement; \\n Educational outreach and social mobilization; \\n Mental health and psychosocial support, in both collective and individual formats; \\n Civic education; and \\n Gender transformative projects including education and awareness-raising pro- grammes with community members on gender, women\u2019s empowerment, and con- flict-related sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention and response.Whether introduced in mission or non-mission settings, CVR priorities and projects should, without exception, be crafted at the local level, with representative participation, and where possible, consultation of community stakeholders, including women, boys, girls and youth.All CVR programmes should be underpinned by a clear theory of change that defines the problem to be solved, surfaces the core assumptions underlying the theory of change, explains the core targets and metrics to be addressed, and describes how the proposed intervention activities will address these issues.Specific theories of change for CVR programmes should be adapted to particular con- texts. However, very often an underlying ex- pectation of CVR is that specific programme activities will provide former combatants and other at-risk individuals with alternatives that are more attractive than joining armed groups or resorting to armed violence and\/or provide the mental tools and interpersonal coping strat- egies to resist incitements to violence. Another common underlying expectation is that CVR projects will contribute to social cohesion. In socially cohesive communities, com- munity members feel that they belong to the community, that there is trust between community members, and that community members can work together. Members of socially cohesive communities are more likely to be aware of, and more likely to inter- vene when they see, behaviour that may lead to violence. Therefore, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives, communities become active participants in the reduction of armed violence.By promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, CVR has the potential to directly contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, and particularly SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. CVR can also reinforce other SDG targets, including 4.1 and 4.7, on education and promoting cultures of peace, respectively; 5.2 and 5.5, on preventing violence against women and girls and promoting women\u00b4s leadership and participation; and 8.7 and 8.8, related to child soldiers and improving workplace safety. CVR may also contribute to SDG 10.2, on political, social and economic inclusion; 11.1, 11.2 and 11.7, on housing, transport and safe public spaces; and 16.1, 16.2 and 16.4, related to reducing violence, especially against children, and the availability of arms.CVR programmes aim to sustain peace by preventing the (re-)recruitment of former combatants and other individuals at risk of recruitment (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). More specifically, CVR programmes should actively strengthen the protective factors that increase the resilience of young people, women and communities to involvement in, or harms associated with, violence.CVR shall not lead, but could help to facilitate, a political process (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Although CVR is essentially a technical intervention, the pro- cess of planning, formulating, negotiating and executing activities may be intensely political. CVR should involve routine engagement and negotiation with government officials, active and\/or former members of armed groups, individuals at risk of recruit- ment, business and civic leaders, and communities as a whole; it necessitates a deep understanding of the local context and the common definition\/understanding of an overarching CVR strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":239, "Sentence":"CVR may also contribute to SDG 10.2, on political, social and economic inclusion; 11.1, 11.2 and 11.7, on housing, transport and safe public spaces; and 16.1, 16.2 and 16.4, related to reducing violence, especially against children, and the availability of arms.CVR programmes aim to sustain peace by preventing the (re-)recruitment of former combatants and other individuals at risk of recruitment (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr may also contribute sdg 10.2 political social economic inclusion 11.1 11.2 11.7 housing transport safe public space 16.1 16.2 16.4 related reducing violence especially child availability arms.cvr programme aim sustain peace preventing rerecruitment former combatant individual risk recruitment see iddrs 2.40 reintegration part sustaining peace ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"CVR is a DDR-related tool that directly responds to the presence of active and\/or for- mer members of armed groups in a community and is designed to promote security and stability in both mission and non-mission contexts (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.CVR programmes have a variety of uses.In situations where the preconditions for a DDR programme exist \u2013 including a ceasefire or peace agreement, trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to engage in DDR and minimum guarantees of security \u2013 CVR may be pursued before, during and after a DDR programme, as a complementary measure. Specific provisions for CVR may also be included in local-level peace agreements, sometimes instead of DDR programmes (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).When the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent, CVR may be used to contribute to security and stabilization, to help make the returns of stability more tangible, and to create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. More specifically, CVR programmes can be used as a means to: \\n De-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and build confidence before the signature of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the launch of a DDR programme; \\n Prevent at-risk individuals, particularly at-risk youth, from joining armed groups; \\n Stop former members of armed groups from rejoining these groups and from en- gaging in violent crime and destructive social unrest; \\n Provide stop-gap reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months), par- ticularly if demobilization is complete and reintegration support is still at the planning and\/or resource mobilization stage; \\n Encourage members of armed groups that have not signed on to peace agreements to move away from armed violence; \\n Reorient members of armed groups away from waging war and towards construc- tive activities; \\n Reduce violence in communities and neighbourhoods that are vulnerable to high rates of armed violence, organized crime and\/or sexual or gender-based violence; and \\n Increase the capacity of communities and neighbourhoods to absorb newly rein- serted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR programmes are typically short to medium term and include, but are not limited to, a combination of: \\n Weapons and ammunition management; \\n Labour-intensive short-term employment; \\n Vocational\/skills training and job employment; \\n Infrastructure improvement; \\n Community security and police rapprochement; \\n Educational outreach and social mobilization; \\n Mental health and psychosocial support, in both collective and individual formats; \\n Civic education; and \\n Gender transformative projects including education and awareness-raising pro- grammes with community members on gender, women\u2019s empowerment, and con- flict-related sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention and response.Whether introduced in mission or non-mission settings, CVR priorities and projects should, without exception, be crafted at the local level, with representative participation, and where possible, consultation of community stakeholders, including women, boys, girls and youth.All CVR programmes should be underpinned by a clear theory of change that defines the problem to be solved, surfaces the core assumptions underlying the theory of change, explains the core targets and metrics to be addressed, and describes how the proposed intervention activities will address these issues.Specific theories of change for CVR programmes should be adapted to particular con- texts. However, very often an underlying ex- pectation of CVR is that specific programme activities will provide former combatants and other at-risk individuals with alternatives that are more attractive than joining armed groups or resorting to armed violence and\/or provide the mental tools and interpersonal coping strat- egies to resist incitements to violence. Another common underlying expectation is that CVR projects will contribute to social cohesion. In socially cohesive communities, com- munity members feel that they belong to the community, that there is trust between community members, and that community members can work together. Members of socially cohesive communities are more likely to be aware of, and more likely to inter- vene when they see, behaviour that may lead to violence. Therefore, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives, communities become active participants in the reduction of armed violence.By promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, CVR has the potential to directly contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, and particularly SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. CVR can also reinforce other SDG targets, including 4.1 and 4.7, on education and promoting cultures of peace, respectively; 5.2 and 5.5, on preventing violence against women and girls and promoting women\u00b4s leadership and participation; and 8.7 and 8.8, related to child soldiers and improving workplace safety. CVR may also contribute to SDG 10.2, on political, social and economic inclusion; 11.1, 11.2 and 11.7, on housing, transport and safe public spaces; and 16.1, 16.2 and 16.4, related to reducing violence, especially against children, and the availability of arms.CVR programmes aim to sustain peace by preventing the (re-)recruitment of former combatants and other individuals at risk of recruitment (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). More specifically, CVR programmes should actively strengthen the protective factors that increase the resilience of young people, women and communities to involvement in, or harms associated with, violence.CVR shall not lead, but could help to facilitate, a political process (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Although CVR is essentially a technical intervention, the pro- cess of planning, formulating, negotiating and executing activities may be intensely political. CVR should involve routine engagement and negotiation with government officials, active and\/or former members of armed groups, individuals at risk of recruit- ment, business and civic leaders, and communities as a whole; it necessitates a deep understanding of the local context and the common definition\/understanding of an overarching CVR strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":239, "Sentence":"More specifically, CVR programmes should actively strengthen the protective factors that increase the resilience of young people, women and communities to involvement in, or harms associated with, violence.CVR shall not lead, but could help to facilitate, a political process (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction specifically cvr programme actively strengthen protective factor increase resilience young people woman community involvement harm associated violence.cvr shall lead could help facilitate political process see iddrs 2.20 politics ddr ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"CVR is a DDR-related tool that directly responds to the presence of active and\/or for- mer members of armed groups in a community and is designed to promote security and stability in both mission and non-mission contexts (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.CVR programmes have a variety of uses.In situations where the preconditions for a DDR programme exist \u2013 including a ceasefire or peace agreement, trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to engage in DDR and minimum guarantees of security \u2013 CVR may be pursued before, during and after a DDR programme, as a complementary measure. Specific provisions for CVR may also be included in local-level peace agreements, sometimes instead of DDR programmes (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).When the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent, CVR may be used to contribute to security and stabilization, to help make the returns of stability more tangible, and to create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. More specifically, CVR programmes can be used as a means to: \\n De-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and build confidence before the signature of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the launch of a DDR programme; \\n Prevent at-risk individuals, particularly at-risk youth, from joining armed groups; \\n Stop former members of armed groups from rejoining these groups and from en- gaging in violent crime and destructive social unrest; \\n Provide stop-gap reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months), par- ticularly if demobilization is complete and reintegration support is still at the planning and\/or resource mobilization stage; \\n Encourage members of armed groups that have not signed on to peace agreements to move away from armed violence; \\n Reorient members of armed groups away from waging war and towards construc- tive activities; \\n Reduce violence in communities and neighbourhoods that are vulnerable to high rates of armed violence, organized crime and\/or sexual or gender-based violence; and \\n Increase the capacity of communities and neighbourhoods to absorb newly rein- serted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR programmes are typically short to medium term and include, but are not limited to, a combination of: \\n Weapons and ammunition management; \\n Labour-intensive short-term employment; \\n Vocational\/skills training and job employment; \\n Infrastructure improvement; \\n Community security and police rapprochement; \\n Educational outreach and social mobilization; \\n Mental health and psychosocial support, in both collective and individual formats; \\n Civic education; and \\n Gender transformative projects including education and awareness-raising pro- grammes with community members on gender, women\u2019s empowerment, and con- flict-related sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention and response.Whether introduced in mission or non-mission settings, CVR priorities and projects should, without exception, be crafted at the local level, with representative participation, and where possible, consultation of community stakeholders, including women, boys, girls and youth.All CVR programmes should be underpinned by a clear theory of change that defines the problem to be solved, surfaces the core assumptions underlying the theory of change, explains the core targets and metrics to be addressed, and describes how the proposed intervention activities will address these issues.Specific theories of change for CVR programmes should be adapted to particular con- texts. However, very often an underlying ex- pectation of CVR is that specific programme activities will provide former combatants and other at-risk individuals with alternatives that are more attractive than joining armed groups or resorting to armed violence and\/or provide the mental tools and interpersonal coping strat- egies to resist incitements to violence. Another common underlying expectation is that CVR projects will contribute to social cohesion. In socially cohesive communities, com- munity members feel that they belong to the community, that there is trust between community members, and that community members can work together. Members of socially cohesive communities are more likely to be aware of, and more likely to inter- vene when they see, behaviour that may lead to violence. Therefore, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives, communities become active participants in the reduction of armed violence.By promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, CVR has the potential to directly contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, and particularly SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. CVR can also reinforce other SDG targets, including 4.1 and 4.7, on education and promoting cultures of peace, respectively; 5.2 and 5.5, on preventing violence against women and girls and promoting women\u00b4s leadership and participation; and 8.7 and 8.8, related to child soldiers and improving workplace safety. CVR may also contribute to SDG 10.2, on political, social and economic inclusion; 11.1, 11.2 and 11.7, on housing, transport and safe public spaces; and 16.1, 16.2 and 16.4, related to reducing violence, especially against children, and the availability of arms.CVR programmes aim to sustain peace by preventing the (re-)recruitment of former combatants and other individuals at risk of recruitment (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). More specifically, CVR programmes should actively strengthen the protective factors that increase the resilience of young people, women and communities to involvement in, or harms associated with, violence.CVR shall not lead, but could help to facilitate, a political process (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Although CVR is essentially a technical intervention, the pro- cess of planning, formulating, negotiating and executing activities may be intensely political. CVR should involve routine engagement and negotiation with government officials, active and\/or former members of armed groups, individuals at risk of recruit- ment, business and civic leaders, and communities as a whole; it necessitates a deep understanding of the local context and the common definition\/understanding of an overarching CVR strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":239, "Sentence":"Although CVR is essentially a technical intervention, the pro- cess of planning, formulating, negotiating and executing activities may be intensely political.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction although cvr essentially technical intervention pro ce planning formulating negotiating executing activity may intensely political ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"CVR is a DDR-related tool that directly responds to the presence of active and\/or for- mer members of armed groups in a community and is designed to promote security and stability in both mission and non-mission contexts (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.CVR programmes have a variety of uses.In situations where the preconditions for a DDR programme exist \u2013 including a ceasefire or peace agreement, trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to engage in DDR and minimum guarantees of security \u2013 CVR may be pursued before, during and after a DDR programme, as a complementary measure. Specific provisions for CVR may also be included in local-level peace agreements, sometimes instead of DDR programmes (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).When the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent, CVR may be used to contribute to security and stabilization, to help make the returns of stability more tangible, and to create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. More specifically, CVR programmes can be used as a means to: \\n De-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and build confidence before the signature of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the launch of a DDR programme; \\n Prevent at-risk individuals, particularly at-risk youth, from joining armed groups; \\n Stop former members of armed groups from rejoining these groups and from en- gaging in violent crime and destructive social unrest; \\n Provide stop-gap reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months), par- ticularly if demobilization is complete and reintegration support is still at the planning and\/or resource mobilization stage; \\n Encourage members of armed groups that have not signed on to peace agreements to move away from armed violence; \\n Reorient members of armed groups away from waging war and towards construc- tive activities; \\n Reduce violence in communities and neighbourhoods that are vulnerable to high rates of armed violence, organized crime and\/or sexual or gender-based violence; and \\n Increase the capacity of communities and neighbourhoods to absorb newly rein- serted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR programmes are typically short to medium term and include, but are not limited to, a combination of: \\n Weapons and ammunition management; \\n Labour-intensive short-term employment; \\n Vocational\/skills training and job employment; \\n Infrastructure improvement; \\n Community security and police rapprochement; \\n Educational outreach and social mobilization; \\n Mental health and psychosocial support, in both collective and individual formats; \\n Civic education; and \\n Gender transformative projects including education and awareness-raising pro- grammes with community members on gender, women\u2019s empowerment, and con- flict-related sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention and response.Whether introduced in mission or non-mission settings, CVR priorities and projects should, without exception, be crafted at the local level, with representative participation, and where possible, consultation of community stakeholders, including women, boys, girls and youth.All CVR programmes should be underpinned by a clear theory of change that defines the problem to be solved, surfaces the core assumptions underlying the theory of change, explains the core targets and metrics to be addressed, and describes how the proposed intervention activities will address these issues.Specific theories of change for CVR programmes should be adapted to particular con- texts. However, very often an underlying ex- pectation of CVR is that specific programme activities will provide former combatants and other at-risk individuals with alternatives that are more attractive than joining armed groups or resorting to armed violence and\/or provide the mental tools and interpersonal coping strat- egies to resist incitements to violence. Another common underlying expectation is that CVR projects will contribute to social cohesion. In socially cohesive communities, com- munity members feel that they belong to the community, that there is trust between community members, and that community members can work together. Members of socially cohesive communities are more likely to be aware of, and more likely to inter- vene when they see, behaviour that may lead to violence. Therefore, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives, communities become active participants in the reduction of armed violence.By promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, CVR has the potential to directly contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, and particularly SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. CVR can also reinforce other SDG targets, including 4.1 and 4.7, on education and promoting cultures of peace, respectively; 5.2 and 5.5, on preventing violence against women and girls and promoting women\u00b4s leadership and participation; and 8.7 and 8.8, related to child soldiers and improving workplace safety. CVR may also contribute to SDG 10.2, on political, social and economic inclusion; 11.1, 11.2 and 11.7, on housing, transport and safe public spaces; and 16.1, 16.2 and 16.4, related to reducing violence, especially against children, and the availability of arms.CVR programmes aim to sustain peace by preventing the (re-)recruitment of former combatants and other individuals at risk of recruitment (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). More specifically, CVR programmes should actively strengthen the protective factors that increase the resilience of young people, women and communities to involvement in, or harms associated with, violence.CVR shall not lead, but could help to facilitate, a political process (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Although CVR is essentially a technical intervention, the pro- cess of planning, formulating, negotiating and executing activities may be intensely political. CVR should involve routine engagement and negotiation with government officials, active and\/or former members of armed groups, individuals at risk of recruit- ment, business and civic leaders, and communities as a whole; it necessitates a deep understanding of the local context and the common definition\/understanding of an overarching CVR strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":239, "Sentence":"CVR should involve routine engagement and negotiation with government officials, active and\/or former members of armed groups, individuals at risk of recruit- ment, business and civic leaders, and communities as a whole; it necessitates a deep understanding of the local context and the common definition\/understanding of an overarching CVR strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr involve routine engagement negotiation government official active and\/or former member armed group individual risk recruit ment business civic leader community whole necessitates deep understanding local context common definition\/understanding overarching cvr strategy ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to CVR:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":240, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to CVR:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":240, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to CVR:", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction section outline principle apply cvr" }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Participation in CVR as part of a DDR process shall be voluntary.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":241, "Sentence":"Participation in CVR as part of a DDR process shall be voluntary.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction participation cvr part ddr process shall voluntary ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The eligibility criteria for CVR should be developed in consultation with target com- munities and, if in existence, a Project Selection Committee (PSC) or equivalent body. Eligibility criteria shall be developed and communicated in the most transparent man- ner possible. This is because eligibility and ineligibility can become a source of com- munity tension and conflict. Eligibility for CVR does not mean that those who partic- ipate will necessarily be ineligible to participate in other programmes that form part of the broader DDR process \u2013 this will depend on the particular framework in place. Some frameworks may require the surrender of a weapon as a precondition for partic- ipation in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammuni- tion Management). Furthermore, when members of armed groups that are not signa- tory to a peace agreement are being considered for inclusion in CVR programmes, the status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified in order to mitigate any risks. If the individuals being considered for inclusion in a CVR pro- gramme have voluntarily left an armed group designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations Security Council, DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria to identify suspected terrorists (for further infor- mation on specific requirements for children refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":242, "Sentence":"The eligibility criteria for CVR should be developed in consultation with target com- munities and, if in existence, a Project Selection Committee (PSC) or equivalent body.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction eligibility criterion cvr developed consultation target com munities existence project selection committee psc equivalent body ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The eligibility criteria for CVR should be developed in consultation with target com- munities and, if in existence, a Project Selection Committee (PSC) or equivalent body. Eligibility criteria shall be developed and communicated in the most transparent man- ner possible. This is because eligibility and ineligibility can become a source of com- munity tension and conflict. Eligibility for CVR does not mean that those who partic- ipate will necessarily be ineligible to participate in other programmes that form part of the broader DDR process \u2013 this will depend on the particular framework in place. Some frameworks may require the surrender of a weapon as a precondition for partic- ipation in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammuni- tion Management). Furthermore, when members of armed groups that are not signa- tory to a peace agreement are being considered for inclusion in CVR programmes, the status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified in order to mitigate any risks. If the individuals being considered for inclusion in a CVR pro- gramme have voluntarily left an armed group designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations Security Council, DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria to identify suspected terrorists (for further infor- mation on specific requirements for children refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":242, "Sentence":"Eligibility criteria shall be developed and communicated in the most transparent man- ner possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction eligibility criterion shall developed communicated transparent man ner possible ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The eligibility criteria for CVR should be developed in consultation with target com- munities and, if in existence, a Project Selection Committee (PSC) or equivalent body. Eligibility criteria shall be developed and communicated in the most transparent man- ner possible. This is because eligibility and ineligibility can become a source of com- munity tension and conflict. Eligibility for CVR does not mean that those who partic- ipate will necessarily be ineligible to participate in other programmes that form part of the broader DDR process \u2013 this will depend on the particular framework in place. Some frameworks may require the surrender of a weapon as a precondition for partic- ipation in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammuni- tion Management). Furthermore, when members of armed groups that are not signa- tory to a peace agreement are being considered for inclusion in CVR programmes, the status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified in order to mitigate any risks. If the individuals being considered for inclusion in a CVR pro- gramme have voluntarily left an armed group designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations Security Council, DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria to identify suspected terrorists (for further infor- mation on specific requirements for children refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":242, "Sentence":"This is because eligibility and ineligibility can become a source of com- munity tension and conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction eligibility ineligibility become source com munity tension conflict ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The eligibility criteria for CVR should be developed in consultation with target com- munities and, if in existence, a Project Selection Committee (PSC) or equivalent body. Eligibility criteria shall be developed and communicated in the most transparent man- ner possible. This is because eligibility and ineligibility can become a source of com- munity tension and conflict. Eligibility for CVR does not mean that those who partic- ipate will necessarily be ineligible to participate in other programmes that form part of the broader DDR process \u2013 this will depend on the particular framework in place. Some frameworks may require the surrender of a weapon as a precondition for partic- ipation in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammuni- tion Management). Furthermore, when members of armed groups that are not signa- tory to a peace agreement are being considered for inclusion in CVR programmes, the status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified in order to mitigate any risks. If the individuals being considered for inclusion in a CVR pro- gramme have voluntarily left an armed group designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations Security Council, DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria to identify suspected terrorists (for further infor- mation on specific requirements for children refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":242, "Sentence":"Eligibility for CVR does not mean that those who partic- ipate will necessarily be ineligible to participate in other programmes that form part of the broader DDR process \u2013 this will depend on the particular framework in place.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction eligibility cvr mean partic ipate necessarily ineligible participate programme form part broader ddr process \u2013 depend particular framework place ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The eligibility criteria for CVR should be developed in consultation with target com- munities and, if in existence, a Project Selection Committee (PSC) or equivalent body. Eligibility criteria shall be developed and communicated in the most transparent man- ner possible. This is because eligibility and ineligibility can become a source of com- munity tension and conflict. Eligibility for CVR does not mean that those who partic- ipate will necessarily be ineligible to participate in other programmes that form part of the broader DDR process \u2013 this will depend on the particular framework in place. Some frameworks may require the surrender of a weapon as a precondition for partic- ipation in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammuni- tion Management). Furthermore, when members of armed groups that are not signa- tory to a peace agreement are being considered for inclusion in CVR programmes, the status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified in order to mitigate any risks. If the individuals being considered for inclusion in a CVR pro- gramme have voluntarily left an armed group designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations Security Council, DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria to identify suspected terrorists (for further infor- mation on specific requirements for children refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":242, "Sentence":"Some frameworks may require the surrender of a weapon as a precondition for partic- ipation in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammuni- tion Management).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction framework may require surrender weapon precondition partic ipation cvr programme see iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammuni tion management ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The eligibility criteria for CVR should be developed in consultation with target com- munities and, if in existence, a Project Selection Committee (PSC) or equivalent body. Eligibility criteria shall be developed and communicated in the most transparent man- ner possible. This is because eligibility and ineligibility can become a source of com- munity tension and conflict. Eligibility for CVR does not mean that those who partic- ipate will necessarily be ineligible to participate in other programmes that form part of the broader DDR process \u2013 this will depend on the particular framework in place. Some frameworks may require the surrender of a weapon as a precondition for partic- ipation in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammuni- tion Management). Furthermore, when members of armed groups that are not signa- tory to a peace agreement are being considered for inclusion in CVR programmes, the status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified in order to mitigate any risks. If the individuals being considered for inclusion in a CVR pro- gramme have voluntarily left an armed group designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations Security Council, DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria to identify suspected terrorists (for further infor- mation on specific requirements for children refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":242, "Sentence":"Furthermore, when members of armed groups that are not signa- tory to a peace agreement are being considered for inclusion in CVR programmes, the status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified in order to mitigate any risks.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction furthermore member armed group signa tory peace agreement considered inclusion cvr programme status individual armed group must analysed specified order mitigate risk ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The eligibility criteria for CVR should be developed in consultation with target com- munities and, if in existence, a Project Selection Committee (PSC) or equivalent body. Eligibility criteria shall be developed and communicated in the most transparent man- ner possible. This is because eligibility and ineligibility can become a source of com- munity tension and conflict. Eligibility for CVR does not mean that those who partic- ipate will necessarily be ineligible to participate in other programmes that form part of the broader DDR process \u2013 this will depend on the particular framework in place. Some frameworks may require the surrender of a weapon as a precondition for partic- ipation in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammuni- tion Management). Furthermore, when members of armed groups that are not signa- tory to a peace agreement are being considered for inclusion in CVR programmes, the status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified in order to mitigate any risks. If the individuals being considered for inclusion in a CVR pro- gramme have voluntarily left an armed group designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations Security Council, DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria to identify suspected terrorists (for further infor- mation on specific requirements for children refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":242, "Sentence":"If the individuals being considered for inclusion in a CVR pro- gramme have voluntarily left an armed group designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations Security Council, DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria to identify suspected terrorists (for further infor- mation on specific requirements for children refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction individual considered inclusion cvr pro gramme voluntarily left armed group designated terrorist organization united nation security council ddr practitioner shall incorporate proper screening mechanism criterion identify suspected terrorist infor mation specific requirement child refer iddrs 5.20 child ddr iddrs 5.30 youth ddr ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The eligibility criteria for CVR should be developed in consultation with target com- munities and, if in existence, a Project Selection Committee (PSC) or equivalent body. Eligibility criteria shall be developed and communicated in the most transparent man- ner possible. This is because eligibility and ineligibility can become a source of com- munity tension and conflict. Eligibility for CVR does not mean that those who partic- ipate will necessarily be ineligible to participate in other programmes that form part of the broader DDR process \u2013 this will depend on the particular framework in place. Some frameworks may require the surrender of a weapon as a precondition for partic- ipation in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammuni- tion Management). Furthermore, when members of armed groups that are not signa- tory to a peace agreement are being considered for inclusion in CVR programmes, the status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified in order to mitigate any risks. If the individuals being considered for inclusion in a CVR pro- gramme have voluntarily left an armed group designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations Security Council, DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria to identify suspected terrorists (for further infor- mation on specific requirements for children refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":242, "Sentence":"Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction depending circumstance terrorist organization associated terrorist offence committed may appropriate suspected terrorist participate cvr programme see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Specific provisions shall be developed to ensure the protection, care and support of young people (15\u201324) who participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Where appropriate, children (under 18) may be included in CVR activi- ties, but with relevant legal safeguards to ensure their rights and needs are carefully accounted for. Mental health and psychosocial support services as well as social services should be established, as appropriate, in consultation with relevant child protection units and agencies (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":243, "Sentence":"Specific provisions shall be developed to ensure the protection, care and support of young people (15\u201324) who participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction specific provision shall developed ensure protection care support young people 15\u201324 participate cvr programme see iddrs 5.30 youth ddr ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Specific provisions shall be developed to ensure the protection, care and support of young people (15\u201324) who participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Where appropriate, children (under 18) may be included in CVR activi- ties, but with relevant legal safeguards to ensure their rights and needs are carefully accounted for. Mental health and psychosocial support services as well as social services should be established, as appropriate, in consultation with relevant child protection units and agencies (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":243, "Sentence":"Where appropriate, children (under 18) may be included in CVR activi- ties, but with relevant legal safeguards to ensure their rights and needs are carefully accounted for.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction appropriate child 18 may included cvr activi tie relevant legal safeguard ensure right need carefully accounted ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Specific provisions shall be developed to ensure the protection, care and support of young people (15\u201324) who participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Where appropriate, children (under 18) may be included in CVR activi- ties, but with relevant legal safeguards to ensure their rights and needs are carefully accounted for. Mental health and psychosocial support services as well as social services should be established, as appropriate, in consultation with relevant child protection units and agencies (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":243, "Sentence":"Mental health and psychosocial support services as well as social services should be established, as appropriate, in consultation with relevant child protection units and agencies (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction mental health psychosocial support service well social service established appropriate consultation relevant child protection unit agency see iddrs 5.20 child ddr ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"CVR does not reward those who have engaged in violent behaviours for their past activi- ties, but rather invests in individuals and communities that actively renounce past violent behaviour and that are looking for a productive and peaceful future. CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":244, "Sentence":"CVR does not reward those who have engaged in violent behaviours for their past activi- ties, but rather invests in individuals and communities that actively renounce past violent behaviour and that are looking for a productive and peaceful future.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr reward engaged violent behaviour past activi tie rather invests individual community actively renounce past violent behaviour looking productive peaceful future ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"CVR does not reward those who have engaged in violent behaviours for their past activi- ties, but rather invests in individuals and communities that actively renounce past violent behaviour and that are looking for a productive and peaceful future. CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":244, "Sentence":"CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr shall used provide material financial assistance active member armed group ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"CVR shall actively ensure a gender-responsive approach that accounts for the specific needs of men and women, boys and girls. This may include more proportional gender representation within DDR\/CVR sections, among CVR project implementing partners, within PSCs (or equivalent bodies), and among individual and community beneficiaries. The inclusion of women across all aspects of CVR strengthens the overall legitimacy and credibility of the enterprise. Moreover, developing the agency of women, girls and youth will enhance their political and social influence in civic associations and their authority in relation to economic productivity, thereby reducing violence. CVR can also incorpo- rate measures to challenge harmful notions of masculinity and engage with men and boys to promote behaviours and attitudes that value gender equality and non-violence.In some settings, there may be strong sociocultural and economic constraints to expanding women\u2019s representation in PSCs or among project beneficiaries. To mitigate these challenges, DDR practitioners1 have introduced quota systems requiring a min- imum level of female participation (30%) in PSCs and among selected projects (30% of projects must directly support women\u2019s specific needs). These quota systems shall be discussed with national counterparts at the outset of UN engagement in CVR and ex- plained to all personnel and partners working on CVR programmes at the subnational and local levels. All CVR projects should report on the gender and age dimensions of PSCs as well as on CVR projects themselves. Introducing gender- and age-specific quotas in CVR project tenders should also mitigate discriminatory practices. Likewise, DDR practitioners shall ensure that any public works projects selected for support are designed in a way that respects the rights and specific needs of every person.CVR shall be inclusive to the extent that it focuses not only on former combatants, but also on at-risk children and youth (male and female) as well as a wide range of community members living in volatile areas and in need of assistance. CVR shall be aligned with a \u2018rights-based\u2019 approach, in that processes adhere to international hu- man rights law and standards. For example, all community members in selected areas should benefit from interventions without discrimination.CVR shall also be tailored to address distinct ethnic, religious and other groups to the extent possible. Specifically, training, education and outreach initiatives that pro- mote civic education, life and parenting skills, and psychosocial support, education and counselling should reach across specific needs groups. By advocating for a plural caseload, CVR should help to promote more responsible civic engagement, a key fea- ture of social cohesion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":245, "Sentence":"CVR shall actively ensure a gender-responsive approach that accounts for the specific needs of men and women, boys and girls.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr shall actively ensure genderresponsive approach account specific need men woman boy girl ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"CVR shall actively ensure a gender-responsive approach that accounts for the specific needs of men and women, boys and girls. This may include more proportional gender representation within DDR\/CVR sections, among CVR project implementing partners, within PSCs (or equivalent bodies), and among individual and community beneficiaries. The inclusion of women across all aspects of CVR strengthens the overall legitimacy and credibility of the enterprise. Moreover, developing the agency of women, girls and youth will enhance their political and social influence in civic associations and their authority in relation to economic productivity, thereby reducing violence. CVR can also incorpo- rate measures to challenge harmful notions of masculinity and engage with men and boys to promote behaviours and attitudes that value gender equality and non-violence.In some settings, there may be strong sociocultural and economic constraints to expanding women\u2019s representation in PSCs or among project beneficiaries. To mitigate these challenges, DDR practitioners1 have introduced quota systems requiring a min- imum level of female participation (30%) in PSCs and among selected projects (30% of projects must directly support women\u2019s specific needs). These quota systems shall be discussed with national counterparts at the outset of UN engagement in CVR and ex- plained to all personnel and partners working on CVR programmes at the subnational and local levels. All CVR projects should report on the gender and age dimensions of PSCs as well as on CVR projects themselves. Introducing gender- and age-specific quotas in CVR project tenders should also mitigate discriminatory practices. Likewise, DDR practitioners shall ensure that any public works projects selected for support are designed in a way that respects the rights and specific needs of every person.CVR shall be inclusive to the extent that it focuses not only on former combatants, but also on at-risk children and youth (male and female) as well as a wide range of community members living in volatile areas and in need of assistance. CVR shall be aligned with a \u2018rights-based\u2019 approach, in that processes adhere to international hu- man rights law and standards. For example, all community members in selected areas should benefit from interventions without discrimination.CVR shall also be tailored to address distinct ethnic, religious and other groups to the extent possible. Specifically, training, education and outreach initiatives that pro- mote civic education, life and parenting skills, and psychosocial support, education and counselling should reach across specific needs groups. By advocating for a plural caseload, CVR should help to promote more responsible civic engagement, a key fea- ture of social cohesion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":245, "Sentence":"This may include more proportional gender representation within DDR\/CVR sections, among CVR project implementing partners, within PSCs (or equivalent bodies), and among individual and community beneficiaries.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction may include proportional gender representation within ddr\/cvr section among cvr project implementing partner within pscs equivalent body among individual community beneficiary ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"CVR shall actively ensure a gender-responsive approach that accounts for the specific needs of men and women, boys and girls. This may include more proportional gender representation within DDR\/CVR sections, among CVR project implementing partners, within PSCs (or equivalent bodies), and among individual and community beneficiaries. The inclusion of women across all aspects of CVR strengthens the overall legitimacy and credibility of the enterprise. Moreover, developing the agency of women, girls and youth will enhance their political and social influence in civic associations and their authority in relation to economic productivity, thereby reducing violence. CVR can also incorpo- rate measures to challenge harmful notions of masculinity and engage with men and boys to promote behaviours and attitudes that value gender equality and non-violence.In some settings, there may be strong sociocultural and economic constraints to expanding women\u2019s representation in PSCs or among project beneficiaries. To mitigate these challenges, DDR practitioners1 have introduced quota systems requiring a min- imum level of female participation (30%) in PSCs and among selected projects (30% of projects must directly support women\u2019s specific needs). These quota systems shall be discussed with national counterparts at the outset of UN engagement in CVR and ex- plained to all personnel and partners working on CVR programmes at the subnational and local levels. All CVR projects should report on the gender and age dimensions of PSCs as well as on CVR projects themselves. Introducing gender- and age-specific quotas in CVR project tenders should also mitigate discriminatory practices. Likewise, DDR practitioners shall ensure that any public works projects selected for support are designed in a way that respects the rights and specific needs of every person.CVR shall be inclusive to the extent that it focuses not only on former combatants, but also on at-risk children and youth (male and female) as well as a wide range of community members living in volatile areas and in need of assistance. CVR shall be aligned with a \u2018rights-based\u2019 approach, in that processes adhere to international hu- man rights law and standards. For example, all community members in selected areas should benefit from interventions without discrimination.CVR shall also be tailored to address distinct ethnic, religious and other groups to the extent possible. Specifically, training, education and outreach initiatives that pro- mote civic education, life and parenting skills, and psychosocial support, education and counselling should reach across specific needs groups. By advocating for a plural caseload, CVR should help to promote more responsible civic engagement, a key fea- ture of social cohesion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":245, "Sentence":"The inclusion of women across all aspects of CVR strengthens the overall legitimacy and credibility of the enterprise.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction inclusion woman across aspect cvr strengthens overall legitimacy credibility enterprise ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"CVR shall actively ensure a gender-responsive approach that accounts for the specific needs of men and women, boys and girls. This may include more proportional gender representation within DDR\/CVR sections, among CVR project implementing partners, within PSCs (or equivalent bodies), and among individual and community beneficiaries. The inclusion of women across all aspects of CVR strengthens the overall legitimacy and credibility of the enterprise. Moreover, developing the agency of women, girls and youth will enhance their political and social influence in civic associations and their authority in relation to economic productivity, thereby reducing violence. CVR can also incorpo- rate measures to challenge harmful notions of masculinity and engage with men and boys to promote behaviours and attitudes that value gender equality and non-violence.In some settings, there may be strong sociocultural and economic constraints to expanding women\u2019s representation in PSCs or among project beneficiaries. To mitigate these challenges, DDR practitioners1 have introduced quota systems requiring a min- imum level of female participation (30%) in PSCs and among selected projects (30% of projects must directly support women\u2019s specific needs). These quota systems shall be discussed with national counterparts at the outset of UN engagement in CVR and ex- plained to all personnel and partners working on CVR programmes at the subnational and local levels. All CVR projects should report on the gender and age dimensions of PSCs as well as on CVR projects themselves. Introducing gender- and age-specific quotas in CVR project tenders should also mitigate discriminatory practices. Likewise, DDR practitioners shall ensure that any public works projects selected for support are designed in a way that respects the rights and specific needs of every person.CVR shall be inclusive to the extent that it focuses not only on former combatants, but also on at-risk children and youth (male and female) as well as a wide range of community members living in volatile areas and in need of assistance. CVR shall be aligned with a \u2018rights-based\u2019 approach, in that processes adhere to international hu- man rights law and standards. For example, all community members in selected areas should benefit from interventions without discrimination.CVR shall also be tailored to address distinct ethnic, religious and other groups to the extent possible. Specifically, training, education and outreach initiatives that pro- mote civic education, life and parenting skills, and psychosocial support, education and counselling should reach across specific needs groups. By advocating for a plural caseload, CVR should help to promote more responsible civic engagement, a key fea- ture of social cohesion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":245, "Sentence":"Moreover, developing the agency of women, girls and youth will enhance their political and social influence in civic associations and their authority in relation to economic productivity, thereby reducing violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction moreover developing agency woman girl youth enhance political social influence civic association authority relation economic productivity thereby reducing violence ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"CVR shall actively ensure a gender-responsive approach that accounts for the specific needs of men and women, boys and girls. This may include more proportional gender representation within DDR\/CVR sections, among CVR project implementing partners, within PSCs (or equivalent bodies), and among individual and community beneficiaries. The inclusion of women across all aspects of CVR strengthens the overall legitimacy and credibility of the enterprise. Moreover, developing the agency of women, girls and youth will enhance their political and social influence in civic associations and their authority in relation to economic productivity, thereby reducing violence. CVR can also incorpo- rate measures to challenge harmful notions of masculinity and engage with men and boys to promote behaviours and attitudes that value gender equality and non-violence.In some settings, there may be strong sociocultural and economic constraints to expanding women\u2019s representation in PSCs or among project beneficiaries. To mitigate these challenges, DDR practitioners1 have introduced quota systems requiring a min- imum level of female participation (30%) in PSCs and among selected projects (30% of projects must directly support women\u2019s specific needs). These quota systems shall be discussed with national counterparts at the outset of UN engagement in CVR and ex- plained to all personnel and partners working on CVR programmes at the subnational and local levels. All CVR projects should report on the gender and age dimensions of PSCs as well as on CVR projects themselves. Introducing gender- and age-specific quotas in CVR project tenders should also mitigate discriminatory practices. Likewise, DDR practitioners shall ensure that any public works projects selected for support are designed in a way that respects the rights and specific needs of every person.CVR shall be inclusive to the extent that it focuses not only on former combatants, but also on at-risk children and youth (male and female) as well as a wide range of community members living in volatile areas and in need of assistance. CVR shall be aligned with a \u2018rights-based\u2019 approach, in that processes adhere to international hu- man rights law and standards. For example, all community members in selected areas should benefit from interventions without discrimination.CVR shall also be tailored to address distinct ethnic, religious and other groups to the extent possible. Specifically, training, education and outreach initiatives that pro- mote civic education, life and parenting skills, and psychosocial support, education and counselling should reach across specific needs groups. By advocating for a plural caseload, CVR should help to promote more responsible civic engagement, a key fea- ture of social cohesion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":245, "Sentence":"CVR can also incorpo- rate measures to challenge harmful notions of masculinity and engage with men and boys to promote behaviours and attitudes that value gender equality and non-violence.In some settings, there may be strong sociocultural and economic constraints to expanding women\u2019s representation in PSCs or among project beneficiaries.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr also incorpo rate measure challenge harmful notion masculinity engage men boy promote behaviour attitude value gender equality nonviolence.in setting may strong sociocultural economic constraint expanding woman \u2019 representation pscs among project beneficiary ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"CVR shall actively ensure a gender-responsive approach that accounts for the specific needs of men and women, boys and girls. This may include more proportional gender representation within DDR\/CVR sections, among CVR project implementing partners, within PSCs (or equivalent bodies), and among individual and community beneficiaries. The inclusion of women across all aspects of CVR strengthens the overall legitimacy and credibility of the enterprise. Moreover, developing the agency of women, girls and youth will enhance their political and social influence in civic associations and their authority in relation to economic productivity, thereby reducing violence. CVR can also incorpo- rate measures to challenge harmful notions of masculinity and engage with men and boys to promote behaviours and attitudes that value gender equality and non-violence.In some settings, there may be strong sociocultural and economic constraints to expanding women\u2019s representation in PSCs or among project beneficiaries. To mitigate these challenges, DDR practitioners1 have introduced quota systems requiring a min- imum level of female participation (30%) in PSCs and among selected projects (30% of projects must directly support women\u2019s specific needs). These quota systems shall be discussed with national counterparts at the outset of UN engagement in CVR and ex- plained to all personnel and partners working on CVR programmes at the subnational and local levels. All CVR projects should report on the gender and age dimensions of PSCs as well as on CVR projects themselves. Introducing gender- and age-specific quotas in CVR project tenders should also mitigate discriminatory practices. Likewise, DDR practitioners shall ensure that any public works projects selected for support are designed in a way that respects the rights and specific needs of every person.CVR shall be inclusive to the extent that it focuses not only on former combatants, but also on at-risk children and youth (male and female) as well as a wide range of community members living in volatile areas and in need of assistance. CVR shall be aligned with a \u2018rights-based\u2019 approach, in that processes adhere to international hu- man rights law and standards. For example, all community members in selected areas should benefit from interventions without discrimination.CVR shall also be tailored to address distinct ethnic, religious and other groups to the extent possible. Specifically, training, education and outreach initiatives that pro- mote civic education, life and parenting skills, and psychosocial support, education and counselling should reach across specific needs groups. By advocating for a plural caseload, CVR should help to promote more responsible civic engagement, a key fea- ture of social cohesion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":245, "Sentence":"To mitigate these challenges, DDR practitioners1 have introduced quota systems requiring a min- imum level of female participation (30%) in PSCs and among selected projects (30% of projects must directly support women\u2019s specific needs).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction mitigate challenge ddr practitioners1 introduced quota system requiring min imum level female participation 30 pscs among selected project 30 project must directly support woman \u2019 specific need ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"CVR shall actively ensure a gender-responsive approach that accounts for the specific needs of men and women, boys and girls. This may include more proportional gender representation within DDR\/CVR sections, among CVR project implementing partners, within PSCs (or equivalent bodies), and among individual and community beneficiaries. The inclusion of women across all aspects of CVR strengthens the overall legitimacy and credibility of the enterprise. Moreover, developing the agency of women, girls and youth will enhance their political and social influence in civic associations and their authority in relation to economic productivity, thereby reducing violence. CVR can also incorpo- rate measures to challenge harmful notions of masculinity and engage with men and boys to promote behaviours and attitudes that value gender equality and non-violence.In some settings, there may be strong sociocultural and economic constraints to expanding women\u2019s representation in PSCs or among project beneficiaries. To mitigate these challenges, DDR practitioners1 have introduced quota systems requiring a min- imum level of female participation (30%) in PSCs and among selected projects (30% of projects must directly support women\u2019s specific needs). These quota systems shall be discussed with national counterparts at the outset of UN engagement in CVR and ex- plained to all personnel and partners working on CVR programmes at the subnational and local levels. All CVR projects should report on the gender and age dimensions of PSCs as well as on CVR projects themselves. Introducing gender- and age-specific quotas in CVR project tenders should also mitigate discriminatory practices. Likewise, DDR practitioners shall ensure that any public works projects selected for support are designed in a way that respects the rights and specific needs of every person.CVR shall be inclusive to the extent that it focuses not only on former combatants, but also on at-risk children and youth (male and female) as well as a wide range of community members living in volatile areas and in need of assistance. CVR shall be aligned with a \u2018rights-based\u2019 approach, in that processes adhere to international hu- man rights law and standards. For example, all community members in selected areas should benefit from interventions without discrimination.CVR shall also be tailored to address distinct ethnic, religious and other groups to the extent possible. Specifically, training, education and outreach initiatives that pro- mote civic education, life and parenting skills, and psychosocial support, education and counselling should reach across specific needs groups. By advocating for a plural caseload, CVR should help to promote more responsible civic engagement, a key fea- ture of social cohesion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":245, "Sentence":"These quota systems shall be discussed with national counterparts at the outset of UN engagement in CVR and ex- plained to all personnel and partners working on CVR programmes at the subnational and local levels.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction quota system shall discussed national counterpart outset un engagement cvr ex plained personnel partner working cvr programme subnational local level ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"CVR shall actively ensure a gender-responsive approach that accounts for the specific needs of men and women, boys and girls. This may include more proportional gender representation within DDR\/CVR sections, among CVR project implementing partners, within PSCs (or equivalent bodies), and among individual and community beneficiaries. The inclusion of women across all aspects of CVR strengthens the overall legitimacy and credibility of the enterprise. Moreover, developing the agency of women, girls and youth will enhance their political and social influence in civic associations and their authority in relation to economic productivity, thereby reducing violence. CVR can also incorpo- rate measures to challenge harmful notions of masculinity and engage with men and boys to promote behaviours and attitudes that value gender equality and non-violence.In some settings, there may be strong sociocultural and economic constraints to expanding women\u2019s representation in PSCs or among project beneficiaries. To mitigate these challenges, DDR practitioners1 have introduced quota systems requiring a min- imum level of female participation (30%) in PSCs and among selected projects (30% of projects must directly support women\u2019s specific needs). These quota systems shall be discussed with national counterparts at the outset of UN engagement in CVR and ex- plained to all personnel and partners working on CVR programmes at the subnational and local levels. All CVR projects should report on the gender and age dimensions of PSCs as well as on CVR projects themselves. Introducing gender- and age-specific quotas in CVR project tenders should also mitigate discriminatory practices. Likewise, DDR practitioners shall ensure that any public works projects selected for support are designed in a way that respects the rights and specific needs of every person.CVR shall be inclusive to the extent that it focuses not only on former combatants, but also on at-risk children and youth (male and female) as well as a wide range of community members living in volatile areas and in need of assistance. CVR shall be aligned with a \u2018rights-based\u2019 approach, in that processes adhere to international hu- man rights law and standards. For example, all community members in selected areas should benefit from interventions without discrimination.CVR shall also be tailored to address distinct ethnic, religious and other groups to the extent possible. Specifically, training, education and outreach initiatives that pro- mote civic education, life and parenting skills, and psychosocial support, education and counselling should reach across specific needs groups. By advocating for a plural caseload, CVR should help to promote more responsible civic engagement, a key fea- ture of social cohesion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":245, "Sentence":"All CVR projects should report on the gender and age dimensions of PSCs as well as on CVR projects themselves.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr project report gender age dimension pscs well cvr project ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"CVR shall actively ensure a gender-responsive approach that accounts for the specific needs of men and women, boys and girls. This may include more proportional gender representation within DDR\/CVR sections, among CVR project implementing partners, within PSCs (or equivalent bodies), and among individual and community beneficiaries. The inclusion of women across all aspects of CVR strengthens the overall legitimacy and credibility of the enterprise. Moreover, developing the agency of women, girls and youth will enhance their political and social influence in civic associations and their authority in relation to economic productivity, thereby reducing violence. CVR can also incorpo- rate measures to challenge harmful notions of masculinity and engage with men and boys to promote behaviours and attitudes that value gender equality and non-violence.In some settings, there may be strong sociocultural and economic constraints to expanding women\u2019s representation in PSCs or among project beneficiaries. To mitigate these challenges, DDR practitioners1 have introduced quota systems requiring a min- imum level of female participation (30%) in PSCs and among selected projects (30% of projects must directly support women\u2019s specific needs). These quota systems shall be discussed with national counterparts at the outset of UN engagement in CVR and ex- plained to all personnel and partners working on CVR programmes at the subnational and local levels. All CVR projects should report on the gender and age dimensions of PSCs as well as on CVR projects themselves. Introducing gender- and age-specific quotas in CVR project tenders should also mitigate discriminatory practices. Likewise, DDR practitioners shall ensure that any public works projects selected for support are designed in a way that respects the rights and specific needs of every person.CVR shall be inclusive to the extent that it focuses not only on former combatants, but also on at-risk children and youth (male and female) as well as a wide range of community members living in volatile areas and in need of assistance. CVR shall be aligned with a \u2018rights-based\u2019 approach, in that processes adhere to international hu- man rights law and standards. For example, all community members in selected areas should benefit from interventions without discrimination.CVR shall also be tailored to address distinct ethnic, religious and other groups to the extent possible. Specifically, training, education and outreach initiatives that pro- mote civic education, life and parenting skills, and psychosocial support, education and counselling should reach across specific needs groups. By advocating for a plural caseload, CVR should help to promote more responsible civic engagement, a key fea- ture of social cohesion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":245, "Sentence":"Introducing gender- and age-specific quotas in CVR project tenders should also mitigate discriminatory practices.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction introducing gender agespecific quota cvr project tender also mitigate discriminatory practice ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"CVR shall actively ensure a gender-responsive approach that accounts for the specific needs of men and women, boys and girls. This may include more proportional gender representation within DDR\/CVR sections, among CVR project implementing partners, within PSCs (or equivalent bodies), and among individual and community beneficiaries. The inclusion of women across all aspects of CVR strengthens the overall legitimacy and credibility of the enterprise. Moreover, developing the agency of women, girls and youth will enhance their political and social influence in civic associations and their authority in relation to economic productivity, thereby reducing violence. CVR can also incorpo- rate measures to challenge harmful notions of masculinity and engage with men and boys to promote behaviours and attitudes that value gender equality and non-violence.In some settings, there may be strong sociocultural and economic constraints to expanding women\u2019s representation in PSCs or among project beneficiaries. To mitigate these challenges, DDR practitioners1 have introduced quota systems requiring a min- imum level of female participation (30%) in PSCs and among selected projects (30% of projects must directly support women\u2019s specific needs). These quota systems shall be discussed with national counterparts at the outset of UN engagement in CVR and ex- plained to all personnel and partners working on CVR programmes at the subnational and local levels. All CVR projects should report on the gender and age dimensions of PSCs as well as on CVR projects themselves. Introducing gender- and age-specific quotas in CVR project tenders should also mitigate discriminatory practices. Likewise, DDR practitioners shall ensure that any public works projects selected for support are designed in a way that respects the rights and specific needs of every person.CVR shall be inclusive to the extent that it focuses not only on former combatants, but also on at-risk children and youth (male and female) as well as a wide range of community members living in volatile areas and in need of assistance. CVR shall be aligned with a \u2018rights-based\u2019 approach, in that processes adhere to international hu- man rights law and standards. For example, all community members in selected areas should benefit from interventions without discrimination.CVR shall also be tailored to address distinct ethnic, religious and other groups to the extent possible. Specifically, training, education and outreach initiatives that pro- mote civic education, life and parenting skills, and psychosocial support, education and counselling should reach across specific needs groups. By advocating for a plural caseload, CVR should help to promote more responsible civic engagement, a key fea- ture of social cohesion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":245, "Sentence":"Likewise, DDR practitioners shall ensure that any public works projects selected for support are designed in a way that respects the rights and specific needs of every person.CVR shall be inclusive to the extent that it focuses not only on former combatants, but also on at-risk children and youth (male and female) as well as a wide range of community members living in volatile areas and in need of assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction likewise ddr practitioner shall ensure public work project selected support designed way respect right specific need every person.cvr shall inclusive extent focus former combatant also atrisk child youth male female well wide range community member living volatile area need assistance ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"CVR shall actively ensure a gender-responsive approach that accounts for the specific needs of men and women, boys and girls. This may include more proportional gender representation within DDR\/CVR sections, among CVR project implementing partners, within PSCs (or equivalent bodies), and among individual and community beneficiaries. The inclusion of women across all aspects of CVR strengthens the overall legitimacy and credibility of the enterprise. Moreover, developing the agency of women, girls and youth will enhance their political and social influence in civic associations and their authority in relation to economic productivity, thereby reducing violence. CVR can also incorpo- rate measures to challenge harmful notions of masculinity and engage with men and boys to promote behaviours and attitudes that value gender equality and non-violence.In some settings, there may be strong sociocultural and economic constraints to expanding women\u2019s representation in PSCs or among project beneficiaries. To mitigate these challenges, DDR practitioners1 have introduced quota systems requiring a min- imum level of female participation (30%) in PSCs and among selected projects (30% of projects must directly support women\u2019s specific needs). These quota systems shall be discussed with national counterparts at the outset of UN engagement in CVR and ex- plained to all personnel and partners working on CVR programmes at the subnational and local levels. All CVR projects should report on the gender and age dimensions of PSCs as well as on CVR projects themselves. Introducing gender- and age-specific quotas in CVR project tenders should also mitigate discriminatory practices. Likewise, DDR practitioners shall ensure that any public works projects selected for support are designed in a way that respects the rights and specific needs of every person.CVR shall be inclusive to the extent that it focuses not only on former combatants, but also on at-risk children and youth (male and female) as well as a wide range of community members living in volatile areas and in need of assistance. CVR shall be aligned with a \u2018rights-based\u2019 approach, in that processes adhere to international hu- man rights law and standards. For example, all community members in selected areas should benefit from interventions without discrimination.CVR shall also be tailored to address distinct ethnic, religious and other groups to the extent possible. Specifically, training, education and outreach initiatives that pro- mote civic education, life and parenting skills, and psychosocial support, education and counselling should reach across specific needs groups. By advocating for a plural caseload, CVR should help to promote more responsible civic engagement, a key fea- ture of social cohesion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":245, "Sentence":"CVR shall be aligned with a \u2018rights-based\u2019 approach, in that processes adhere to international hu- man rights law and standards.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr shall aligned \u2018 rightsbased \u2019 approach process adhere international hu man right law standard ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"CVR shall actively ensure a gender-responsive approach that accounts for the specific needs of men and women, boys and girls. This may include more proportional gender representation within DDR\/CVR sections, among CVR project implementing partners, within PSCs (or equivalent bodies), and among individual and community beneficiaries. The inclusion of women across all aspects of CVR strengthens the overall legitimacy and credibility of the enterprise. Moreover, developing the agency of women, girls and youth will enhance their political and social influence in civic associations and their authority in relation to economic productivity, thereby reducing violence. CVR can also incorpo- rate measures to challenge harmful notions of masculinity and engage with men and boys to promote behaviours and attitudes that value gender equality and non-violence.In some settings, there may be strong sociocultural and economic constraints to expanding women\u2019s representation in PSCs or among project beneficiaries. To mitigate these challenges, DDR practitioners1 have introduced quota systems requiring a min- imum level of female participation (30%) in PSCs and among selected projects (30% of projects must directly support women\u2019s specific needs). These quota systems shall be discussed with national counterparts at the outset of UN engagement in CVR and ex- plained to all personnel and partners working on CVR programmes at the subnational and local levels. All CVR projects should report on the gender and age dimensions of PSCs as well as on CVR projects themselves. Introducing gender- and age-specific quotas in CVR project tenders should also mitigate discriminatory practices. Likewise, DDR practitioners shall ensure that any public works projects selected for support are designed in a way that respects the rights and specific needs of every person.CVR shall be inclusive to the extent that it focuses not only on former combatants, but also on at-risk children and youth (male and female) as well as a wide range of community members living in volatile areas and in need of assistance. CVR shall be aligned with a \u2018rights-based\u2019 approach, in that processes adhere to international hu- man rights law and standards. For example, all community members in selected areas should benefit from interventions without discrimination.CVR shall also be tailored to address distinct ethnic, religious and other groups to the extent possible. Specifically, training, education and outreach initiatives that pro- mote civic education, life and parenting skills, and psychosocial support, education and counselling should reach across specific needs groups. By advocating for a plural caseload, CVR should help to promote more responsible civic engagement, a key fea- ture of social cohesion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":245, "Sentence":"For example, all community members in selected areas should benefit from interventions without discrimination.CVR shall also be tailored to address distinct ethnic, religious and other groups to the extent possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction example community member selected area benefit intervention without discrimination.cvr shall also tailored address distinct ethnic religious group extent possible ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"CVR shall actively ensure a gender-responsive approach that accounts for the specific needs of men and women, boys and girls. This may include more proportional gender representation within DDR\/CVR sections, among CVR project implementing partners, within PSCs (or equivalent bodies), and among individual and community beneficiaries. The inclusion of women across all aspects of CVR strengthens the overall legitimacy and credibility of the enterprise. Moreover, developing the agency of women, girls and youth will enhance their political and social influence in civic associations and their authority in relation to economic productivity, thereby reducing violence. CVR can also incorpo- rate measures to challenge harmful notions of masculinity and engage with men and boys to promote behaviours and attitudes that value gender equality and non-violence.In some settings, there may be strong sociocultural and economic constraints to expanding women\u2019s representation in PSCs or among project beneficiaries. To mitigate these challenges, DDR practitioners1 have introduced quota systems requiring a min- imum level of female participation (30%) in PSCs and among selected projects (30% of projects must directly support women\u2019s specific needs). These quota systems shall be discussed with national counterparts at the outset of UN engagement in CVR and ex- plained to all personnel and partners working on CVR programmes at the subnational and local levels. All CVR projects should report on the gender and age dimensions of PSCs as well as on CVR projects themselves. Introducing gender- and age-specific quotas in CVR project tenders should also mitigate discriminatory practices. Likewise, DDR practitioners shall ensure that any public works projects selected for support are designed in a way that respects the rights and specific needs of every person.CVR shall be inclusive to the extent that it focuses not only on former combatants, but also on at-risk children and youth (male and female) as well as a wide range of community members living in volatile areas and in need of assistance. CVR shall be aligned with a \u2018rights-based\u2019 approach, in that processes adhere to international hu- man rights law and standards. For example, all community members in selected areas should benefit from interventions without discrimination.CVR shall also be tailored to address distinct ethnic, religious and other groups to the extent possible. Specifically, training, education and outreach initiatives that pro- mote civic education, life and parenting skills, and psychosocial support, education and counselling should reach across specific needs groups. By advocating for a plural caseload, CVR should help to promote more responsible civic engagement, a key fea- ture of social cohesion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":245, "Sentence":"Specifically, training, education and outreach initiatives that pro- mote civic education, life and parenting skills, and psychosocial support, education and counselling should reach across specific needs groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction specifically training education outreach initiative pro mote civic education life parenting skill psychosocial support education counselling reach across specific need group ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"CVR shall actively ensure a gender-responsive approach that accounts for the specific needs of men and women, boys and girls. This may include more proportional gender representation within DDR\/CVR sections, among CVR project implementing partners, within PSCs (or equivalent bodies), and among individual and community beneficiaries. The inclusion of women across all aspects of CVR strengthens the overall legitimacy and credibility of the enterprise. Moreover, developing the agency of women, girls and youth will enhance their political and social influence in civic associations and their authority in relation to economic productivity, thereby reducing violence. CVR can also incorpo- rate measures to challenge harmful notions of masculinity and engage with men and boys to promote behaviours and attitudes that value gender equality and non-violence.In some settings, there may be strong sociocultural and economic constraints to expanding women\u2019s representation in PSCs or among project beneficiaries. To mitigate these challenges, DDR practitioners1 have introduced quota systems requiring a min- imum level of female participation (30%) in PSCs and among selected projects (30% of projects must directly support women\u2019s specific needs). These quota systems shall be discussed with national counterparts at the outset of UN engagement in CVR and ex- plained to all personnel and partners working on CVR programmes at the subnational and local levels. All CVR projects should report on the gender and age dimensions of PSCs as well as on CVR projects themselves. Introducing gender- and age-specific quotas in CVR project tenders should also mitigate discriminatory practices. Likewise, DDR practitioners shall ensure that any public works projects selected for support are designed in a way that respects the rights and specific needs of every person.CVR shall be inclusive to the extent that it focuses not only on former combatants, but also on at-risk children and youth (male and female) as well as a wide range of community members living in volatile areas and in need of assistance. CVR shall be aligned with a \u2018rights-based\u2019 approach, in that processes adhere to international hu- man rights law and standards. For example, all community members in selected areas should benefit from interventions without discrimination.CVR shall also be tailored to address distinct ethnic, religious and other groups to the extent possible. Specifically, training, education and outreach initiatives that pro- mote civic education, life and parenting skills, and psychosocial support, education and counselling should reach across specific needs groups. By advocating for a plural caseload, CVR should help to promote more responsible civic engagement, a key fea- ture of social cohesion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":245, "Sentence":"By advocating for a plural caseload, CVR should help to promote more responsible civic engagement, a key fea- ture of social cohesion.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction advocating plural caseload cvr help promote responsible civic engagement key fea ture social cohesion ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In all cases, CVR shall do no harm. When projects and implementing partners are not adequately monitored and evaluated, CVR support can be channeled to one group at the expense of others. Moreover, communities in resource scarce and inaccessible areas that are not included in CVR may resent being left out. Some population groups may feel legitimately abandoned and resort to crime and banditry. In some cases, this may result in increases in interpersonal violence in the home, including domestic and child abuse, or increases in sexual or gender-based violence. Communities that are included in CVR programmes may also have unrealistic expectations and cre- ate problems if they feel they are not ade- quately benefiting from them. CVR should have a whole of community and equity focus, as the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes. Negative perceptions of exclusion and potential additional grievances should be anticipated and accounted for in DDR practitioners\u2019 conflict assessments.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":246, "Sentence":"In all cases, CVR shall do no harm.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction case cvr shall harm ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In all cases, CVR shall do no harm. When projects and implementing partners are not adequately monitored and evaluated, CVR support can be channeled to one group at the expense of others. Moreover, communities in resource scarce and inaccessible areas that are not included in CVR may resent being left out. Some population groups may feel legitimately abandoned and resort to crime and banditry. In some cases, this may result in increases in interpersonal violence in the home, including domestic and child abuse, or increases in sexual or gender-based violence. Communities that are included in CVR programmes may also have unrealistic expectations and cre- ate problems if they feel they are not ade- quately benefiting from them. CVR should have a whole of community and equity focus, as the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes. Negative perceptions of exclusion and potential additional grievances should be anticipated and accounted for in DDR practitioners\u2019 conflict assessments.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":246, "Sentence":"When projects and implementing partners are not adequately monitored and evaluated, CVR support can be channeled to one group at the expense of others.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction project implementing partner adequately monitored evaluated cvr support channeled one group expense others ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In all cases, CVR shall do no harm. When projects and implementing partners are not adequately monitored and evaluated, CVR support can be channeled to one group at the expense of others. Moreover, communities in resource scarce and inaccessible areas that are not included in CVR may resent being left out. Some population groups may feel legitimately abandoned and resort to crime and banditry. In some cases, this may result in increases in interpersonal violence in the home, including domestic and child abuse, or increases in sexual or gender-based violence. Communities that are included in CVR programmes may also have unrealistic expectations and cre- ate problems if they feel they are not ade- quately benefiting from them. CVR should have a whole of community and equity focus, as the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes. Negative perceptions of exclusion and potential additional grievances should be anticipated and accounted for in DDR practitioners\u2019 conflict assessments.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":246, "Sentence":"Moreover, communities in resource scarce and inaccessible areas that are not included in CVR may resent being left out.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction moreover community resource scarce inaccessible area included cvr may resent left ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In all cases, CVR shall do no harm. When projects and implementing partners are not adequately monitored and evaluated, CVR support can be channeled to one group at the expense of others. Moreover, communities in resource scarce and inaccessible areas that are not included in CVR may resent being left out. Some population groups may feel legitimately abandoned and resort to crime and banditry. In some cases, this may result in increases in interpersonal violence in the home, including domestic and child abuse, or increases in sexual or gender-based violence. Communities that are included in CVR programmes may also have unrealistic expectations and cre- ate problems if they feel they are not ade- quately benefiting from them. CVR should have a whole of community and equity focus, as the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes. Negative perceptions of exclusion and potential additional grievances should be anticipated and accounted for in DDR practitioners\u2019 conflict assessments.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":246, "Sentence":"Some population groups may feel legitimately abandoned and resort to crime and banditry.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction population group may feel legitimately abandoned resort crime banditry ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In all cases, CVR shall do no harm. When projects and implementing partners are not adequately monitored and evaluated, CVR support can be channeled to one group at the expense of others. Moreover, communities in resource scarce and inaccessible areas that are not included in CVR may resent being left out. Some population groups may feel legitimately abandoned and resort to crime and banditry. In some cases, this may result in increases in interpersonal violence in the home, including domestic and child abuse, or increases in sexual or gender-based violence. Communities that are included in CVR programmes may also have unrealistic expectations and cre- ate problems if they feel they are not ade- quately benefiting from them. CVR should have a whole of community and equity focus, as the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes. Negative perceptions of exclusion and potential additional grievances should be anticipated and accounted for in DDR practitioners\u2019 conflict assessments.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":246, "Sentence":"In some cases, this may result in increases in interpersonal violence in the home, including domestic and child abuse, or increases in sexual or gender-based violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction case may result increase interpersonal violence home including domestic child abuse increase sexual genderbased violence ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In all cases, CVR shall do no harm. When projects and implementing partners are not adequately monitored and evaluated, CVR support can be channeled to one group at the expense of others. Moreover, communities in resource scarce and inaccessible areas that are not included in CVR may resent being left out. Some population groups may feel legitimately abandoned and resort to crime and banditry. In some cases, this may result in increases in interpersonal violence in the home, including domestic and child abuse, or increases in sexual or gender-based violence. Communities that are included in CVR programmes may also have unrealistic expectations and cre- ate problems if they feel they are not ade- quately benefiting from them. CVR should have a whole of community and equity focus, as the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes. Negative perceptions of exclusion and potential additional grievances should be anticipated and accounted for in DDR practitioners\u2019 conflict assessments.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":246, "Sentence":"Communities that are included in CVR programmes may also have unrealistic expectations and cre- ate problems if they feel they are not ade- quately benefiting from them.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction community included cvr programme may also unrealistic expectation cre ate problem feel ade quately benefiting ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In all cases, CVR shall do no harm. When projects and implementing partners are not adequately monitored and evaluated, CVR support can be channeled to one group at the expense of others. Moreover, communities in resource scarce and inaccessible areas that are not included in CVR may resent being left out. Some population groups may feel legitimately abandoned and resort to crime and banditry. In some cases, this may result in increases in interpersonal violence in the home, including domestic and child abuse, or increases in sexual or gender-based violence. Communities that are included in CVR programmes may also have unrealistic expectations and cre- ate problems if they feel they are not ade- quately benefiting from them. CVR should have a whole of community and equity focus, as the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes. Negative perceptions of exclusion and potential additional grievances should be anticipated and accounted for in DDR practitioners\u2019 conflict assessments.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":246, "Sentence":"CVR should have a whole of community and equity focus, as the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr whole community equity focus privileging geographic area cvr others may result dispute ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In all cases, CVR shall do no harm. When projects and implementing partners are not adequately monitored and evaluated, CVR support can be channeled to one group at the expense of others. Moreover, communities in resource scarce and inaccessible areas that are not included in CVR may resent being left out. Some population groups may feel legitimately abandoned and resort to crime and banditry. In some cases, this may result in increases in interpersonal violence in the home, including domestic and child abuse, or increases in sexual or gender-based violence. Communities that are included in CVR programmes may also have unrealistic expectations and cre- ate problems if they feel they are not ade- quately benefiting from them. CVR should have a whole of community and equity focus, as the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes. Negative perceptions of exclusion and potential additional grievances should be anticipated and accounted for in DDR practitioners\u2019 conflict assessments.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":246, "Sentence":"Negative perceptions of exclusion and potential additional grievances should be anticipated and accounted for in DDR practitioners\u2019 conflict assessments.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction negative perception exclusion potential additional grievance anticipated accounted ddr practitioner \u2019 conflict assessment ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"There is no single template for CVR, and the vast diversity of CVR programmes is by design: form follows function. As a practice area, CVR is continuing to evolve in both mission and non-mission settings. Whether implemented through the UN or through national and community-based non-governmental organizations, CVR can adapt and change over time, even in a single context.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":247, "Sentence":"There is no single template for CVR, and the vast diversity of CVR programmes is by design: form follows function.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction single template cvr vast diversity cvr programme design form follows function ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"There is no single template for CVR, and the vast diversity of CVR programmes is by design: form follows function. As a practice area, CVR is continuing to evolve in both mission and non-mission settings. Whether implemented through the UN or through national and community-based non-governmental organizations, CVR can adapt and change over time, even in a single context.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":247, "Sentence":"As a practice area, CVR is continuing to evolve in both mission and non-mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction practice area cvr continuing evolve mission nonmission setting ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"There is no single template for CVR, and the vast diversity of CVR programmes is by design: form follows function. As a practice area, CVR is continuing to evolve in both mission and non-mission settings. Whether implemented through the UN or through national and community-based non-governmental organizations, CVR can adapt and change over time, even in a single context.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":247, "Sentence":"Whether implemented through the UN or through national and community-based non-governmental organizations, CVR can adapt and change over time, even in a single context.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction whether implemented un national communitybased nongovernmental organization cvr adapt change time even single context ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil soci- ety capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities.Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular com- munity should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected commu- nities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, pri- vate and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private- sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers.CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitor- ing and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, pri- vate-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institu- tions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local eco- nomic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":248, "Sentence":"CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr programme ultimately responsibility local national subnational government nongovernment partner ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil soci- ety capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities.Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular com- munity should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected commu- nities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, pri- vate and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private- sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers.CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitor- ing and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, pri- vate-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institu- tions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local eco- nomic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":248, "Sentence":"Yet in many settings, public and civil soci- ety capacities may be exceedingly weak.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction yet many setting public civil soci ety capacity may exceedingly weak ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil soci- ety capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities.Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular com- munity should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected commu- nities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, pri- vate and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private- sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers.CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitor- ing and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, pri- vate-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institu- tions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local eco- nomic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":248, "Sentence":"Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction possible appropriate cvr aim reinforce legitimacy credibility capacity state nongovernmental partner ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil soci- ety capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities.Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular com- munity should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected commu- nities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, pri- vate and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private- sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers.CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitor- ing and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, pri- vate-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institu- tions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local eco- nomic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":248, "Sentence":"While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction guided violence reduction imperative implementing partner project also selected basis promoting local national ownership ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil soci- ety capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities.Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular com- munity should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected commu- nities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, pri- vate and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private- sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers.CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitor- ing and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, pri- vate-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institu- tions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local eco- nomic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":248, "Sentence":"Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction leadership required government entity including appropriate national ddr commission one exists equivalent entity ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil soci- ety capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities.Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular com- munity should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected commu- nities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, pri- vate and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private- sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers.CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitor- ing and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, pri- vate-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institu- tions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local eco- nomic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":248, "Sentence":"In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction case government delivery cvr feasible ddr practitioner seek foster institutional capacity representation ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil soci- ety capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities.Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular com- munity should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected commu- nities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, pri- vate and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private- sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers.CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitor- ing and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, pri- vate-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institu- tions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local eco- nomic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":248, "Sentence":"The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities.Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction goal case must strengthen replace state nonstate capacities.although typically short medium term cvr programme shall strongly aligned national community security priority based need assessment tailored local capacity ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil soci- ety capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities.Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular com- munity should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected commu- nities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, pri- vate and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private- sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers.CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitor- ing and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, pri- vate-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institu- tions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local eco- nomic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":248, "Sentence":"Defining what security means for a particular com- munity should be part of the initial first steps.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction defining security mean particular com munity part initial first step ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil soci- ety capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities.Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular com- munity should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected commu- nities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, pri- vate and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private- sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers.CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitor- ing and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, pri- vate-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institu- tions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local eco- nomic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":248, "Sentence":"CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr allow direct dialogue technical engagement implementation outreach wide array stakeholder national community level ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil soci- ety capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities.Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular com- munity should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected commu- nities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, pri- vate and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private- sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers.CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitor- ing and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, pri- vate-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institu- tions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local eco- nomic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":248, "Sentence":"By working directly with affected commu- nities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction working directly affected commu nities local government cvr help lay foundation stabilization allow recovery reconstruction ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil soci- ety capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities.Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular com- munity should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected commu- nities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, pri- vate and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private- sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers.CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitor- ing and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, pri- vate-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institu- tions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local eco- nomic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":248, "Sentence":"The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, pri- vate and non-governmental authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction sustainability cvr project launched requires formation strong partnership public pri vate nongovernmental authority ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil soci- ety capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities.Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular com- munity should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected commu- nities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, pri- vate and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private- sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers.CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitor- ing and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, pri- vate-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institu- tions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local eco- nomic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":248, "Sentence":"Strategies to embed state partners and private- sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers.CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction strategy embed state partner private sector civil society group cvr project design planning implementation monitoring pathway facilitate handovers.cvr bottomup orientation devolve decisionmaking project design implementation monitoring evaluation local level ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil soci- ety capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities.Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular com- munity should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected commu- nities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, pri- vate and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private- sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers.CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitor- ing and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, pri- vate-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institu- tions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local eco- nomic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":248, "Sentence":"While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitor- ing and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction strategic direction cvr programme set government personnel support un decision related project selection execution monitor ing evaluation delegated pscs local project implementers ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil soci- ety capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities.Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular com- munity should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected commu- nities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, pri- vate and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private- sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers.CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitor- ing and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, pri- vate-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institu- tions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local eco- nomic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":248, "Sentence":"PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction pscs typically composed local community member leader ensure representation minority group woman youth ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil soci- ety capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities.Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular com- munity should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected commu- nities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, pri- vate and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private- sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers.CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitor- ing and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, pri- vate-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institu- tions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local eco- nomic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":248, "Sentence":"Subnational government, pri- vate-sector and civil society representatives may also be included.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction subnational government pri vatesector civil society representative may also included ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil soci- ety capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities.Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular com- munity should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected commu- nities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, pri- vate and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private- sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers.CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitor- ing and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, pri- vate-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institu- tions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local eco- nomic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":248, "Sentence":"If alternate institu- tions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction alternate institu tions already exist local peace development committee harnessed subject usual due diligence step taken ensure representative broader society.ddr practitioner ensure selected cvr project mediated extent possible local counterpart \u2013 communal county municipal neighbourhood level ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil soci- ety capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities.Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular com- munity should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected commu- nities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, pri- vate and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private- sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers.CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitor- ing and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, pri- vate-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institu- tions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local eco- nomic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":248, "Sentence":"CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local eco- nomic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr may build trust confidence \u2013 stimulate local eco nomic activity \u2013 recruiting implementing partner engineering support locally ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil soci- ety capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities.Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular com- munity should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected commu- nities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, pri- vate and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private- sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers.CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitor- ing and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, pri- vate-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institu- tions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local eco- nomic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":248, "Sentence":"When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction drawing local pool talent expertise important explore way cvr project continue funding end ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"CVR should strengthen a coordinated and integrated UN approach to addressing security threats in mission and non-mission settings. CVR can and should involve, where realistically possible, a range of UN agencies and international and national partners in the design, implementation and evaluation of specific activities. Because CVR exists at the intersection of a wide range of agendas and sectors, clear and predict- able direction is essential.CVR shall contribute to the UN \u201cdelivering as one\u201d. At a minimum, CVR pro- grammes should not compete with or duplicate other initiatives carried out by UN agencies, funds and programmes as well as those fielded by national and international partners. CVR programmes may often be implemented in contexts where development, humanitarian and peace actors and interventions co-exist. To maximize complemen- tarity and coordination, CVR strategies shall be guided by a clear set of objectives and targets, as well as a theory of change. Where feasible and appropriate, partnerships should be pursued.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":249, "Sentence":"CVR should strengthen a coordinated and integrated UN approach to addressing security threats in mission and non-mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr strengthen coordinated integrated un approach addressing security threat mission nonmission setting ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"CVR should strengthen a coordinated and integrated UN approach to addressing security threats in mission and non-mission settings. CVR can and should involve, where realistically possible, a range of UN agencies and international and national partners in the design, implementation and evaluation of specific activities. Because CVR exists at the intersection of a wide range of agendas and sectors, clear and predict- able direction is essential.CVR shall contribute to the UN \u201cdelivering as one\u201d. At a minimum, CVR pro- grammes should not compete with or duplicate other initiatives carried out by UN agencies, funds and programmes as well as those fielded by national and international partners. CVR programmes may often be implemented in contexts where development, humanitarian and peace actors and interventions co-exist. To maximize complemen- tarity and coordination, CVR strategies shall be guided by a clear set of objectives and targets, as well as a theory of change. Where feasible and appropriate, partnerships should be pursued.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":249, "Sentence":"CVR can and should involve, where realistically possible, a range of UN agencies and international and national partners in the design, implementation and evaluation of specific activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr involve realistically possible range un agency international national partner design implementation evaluation specific activity ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"CVR should strengthen a coordinated and integrated UN approach to addressing security threats in mission and non-mission settings. CVR can and should involve, where realistically possible, a range of UN agencies and international and national partners in the design, implementation and evaluation of specific activities. Because CVR exists at the intersection of a wide range of agendas and sectors, clear and predict- able direction is essential.CVR shall contribute to the UN \u201cdelivering as one\u201d. At a minimum, CVR pro- grammes should not compete with or duplicate other initiatives carried out by UN agencies, funds and programmes as well as those fielded by national and international partners. CVR programmes may often be implemented in contexts where development, humanitarian and peace actors and interventions co-exist. To maximize complemen- tarity and coordination, CVR strategies shall be guided by a clear set of objectives and targets, as well as a theory of change. Where feasible and appropriate, partnerships should be pursued.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":249, "Sentence":"Because CVR exists at the intersection of a wide range of agendas and sectors, clear and predict- able direction is essential.CVR shall contribute to the UN \u201cdelivering as one\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr exists intersection wide range agenda sector clear predict able direction essential.cvr shall contribute un \u201c delivering one \u201d ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"CVR should strengthen a coordinated and integrated UN approach to addressing security threats in mission and non-mission settings. CVR can and should involve, where realistically possible, a range of UN agencies and international and national partners in the design, implementation and evaluation of specific activities. Because CVR exists at the intersection of a wide range of agendas and sectors, clear and predict- able direction is essential.CVR shall contribute to the UN \u201cdelivering as one\u201d. At a minimum, CVR pro- grammes should not compete with or duplicate other initiatives carried out by UN agencies, funds and programmes as well as those fielded by national and international partners. CVR programmes may often be implemented in contexts where development, humanitarian and peace actors and interventions co-exist. To maximize complemen- tarity and coordination, CVR strategies shall be guided by a clear set of objectives and targets, as well as a theory of change. Where feasible and appropriate, partnerships should be pursued.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":249, "Sentence":"At a minimum, CVR pro- grammes should not compete with or duplicate other initiatives carried out by UN agencies, funds and programmes as well as those fielded by national and international partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction minimum cvr pro gramme compete duplicate initiative carried un agency fund programme well fielded national international partner ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"CVR should strengthen a coordinated and integrated UN approach to addressing security threats in mission and non-mission settings. CVR can and should involve, where realistically possible, a range of UN agencies and international and national partners in the design, implementation and evaluation of specific activities. Because CVR exists at the intersection of a wide range of agendas and sectors, clear and predict- able direction is essential.CVR shall contribute to the UN \u201cdelivering as one\u201d. At a minimum, CVR pro- grammes should not compete with or duplicate other initiatives carried out by UN agencies, funds and programmes as well as those fielded by national and international partners. CVR programmes may often be implemented in contexts where development, humanitarian and peace actors and interventions co-exist. To maximize complemen- tarity and coordination, CVR strategies shall be guided by a clear set of objectives and targets, as well as a theory of change. Where feasible and appropriate, partnerships should be pursued.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":249, "Sentence":"CVR programmes may often be implemented in contexts where development, humanitarian and peace actors and interventions co-exist.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr programme may often implemented context development humanitarian peace actor intervention coexist ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"CVR should strengthen a coordinated and integrated UN approach to addressing security threats in mission and non-mission settings. CVR can and should involve, where realistically possible, a range of UN agencies and international and national partners in the design, implementation and evaluation of specific activities. Because CVR exists at the intersection of a wide range of agendas and sectors, clear and predict- able direction is essential.CVR shall contribute to the UN \u201cdelivering as one\u201d. At a minimum, CVR pro- grammes should not compete with or duplicate other initiatives carried out by UN agencies, funds and programmes as well as those fielded by national and international partners. CVR programmes may often be implemented in contexts where development, humanitarian and peace actors and interventions co-exist. To maximize complemen- tarity and coordination, CVR strategies shall be guided by a clear set of objectives and targets, as well as a theory of change. Where feasible and appropriate, partnerships should be pursued.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":249, "Sentence":"To maximize complemen- tarity and coordination, CVR strategies shall be guided by a clear set of objectives and targets, as well as a theory of change.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction maximize complemen tarity coordination cvr strategy shall guided clear set objective target well theory change ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"CVR should strengthen a coordinated and integrated UN approach to addressing security threats in mission and non-mission settings. CVR can and should involve, where realistically possible, a range of UN agencies and international and national partners in the design, implementation and evaluation of specific activities. Because CVR exists at the intersection of a wide range of agendas and sectors, clear and predict- able direction is essential.CVR shall contribute to the UN \u201cdelivering as one\u201d. At a minimum, CVR pro- grammes should not compete with or duplicate other initiatives carried out by UN agencies, funds and programmes as well as those fielded by national and international partners. CVR programmes may often be implemented in contexts where development, humanitarian and peace actors and interventions co-exist. To maximize complemen- tarity and coordination, CVR strategies shall be guided by a clear set of objectives and targets, as well as a theory of change. Where feasible and appropriate, partnerships should be pursued.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":249, "Sentence":"Where feasible and appropriate, partnerships should be pursued.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction feasible appropriate partnership pursued ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes shall aim to be data-driven and evidence-based. Monitoring and evaluation measures shall be prepared before CVR programmes are started and ap- plied throughout the entire life cycle of the intervention (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Relevant baseline assessments, the collection of gender and sex-dis- aggregated data on project participants, and mid- and end-term evaluations shall be anticipated and budgeted for by DDR practitioners well in advance. Data collection and retention policies for implementing partners and DDR practitioners shall also include privacy provisions, including procedures on data retention, sharing and disposal. The progress of CVR programmes shall be regularly analysed and communicated to rele- vant partners to ensure that core objectives are achieved, and that mitigation strategies are prepared when they are not.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":250, "Sentence":"CVR programmes shall aim to be data-driven and evidence-based.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr programme shall aim datadriven evidencebased ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes shall aim to be data-driven and evidence-based. Monitoring and evaluation measures shall be prepared before CVR programmes are started and ap- plied throughout the entire life cycle of the intervention (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Relevant baseline assessments, the collection of gender and sex-dis- aggregated data on project participants, and mid- and end-term evaluations shall be anticipated and budgeted for by DDR practitioners well in advance. Data collection and retention policies for implementing partners and DDR practitioners shall also include privacy provisions, including procedures on data retention, sharing and disposal. The progress of CVR programmes shall be regularly analysed and communicated to rele- vant partners to ensure that core objectives are achieved, and that mitigation strategies are prepared when they are not.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":250, "Sentence":"Monitoring and evaluation measures shall be prepared before CVR programmes are started and ap- plied throughout the entire life cycle of the intervention (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction monitoring evaluation measure shall prepared cvr programme started ap plied throughout entire life cycle intervention see iddrs 3.50 monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes shall aim to be data-driven and evidence-based. Monitoring and evaluation measures shall be prepared before CVR programmes are started and ap- plied throughout the entire life cycle of the intervention (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Relevant baseline assessments, the collection of gender and sex-dis- aggregated data on project participants, and mid- and end-term evaluations shall be anticipated and budgeted for by DDR practitioners well in advance. Data collection and retention policies for implementing partners and DDR practitioners shall also include privacy provisions, including procedures on data retention, sharing and disposal. The progress of CVR programmes shall be regularly analysed and communicated to rele- vant partners to ensure that core objectives are achieved, and that mitigation strategies are prepared when they are not.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":250, "Sentence":"Relevant baseline assessments, the collection of gender and sex-dis- aggregated data on project participants, and mid- and end-term evaluations shall be anticipated and budgeted for by DDR practitioners well in advance.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction relevant baseline assessment collection gender sexdis aggregated data project participant mid endterm evaluation shall anticipated budgeted ddr practitioner well advance ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes shall aim to be data-driven and evidence-based. Monitoring and evaluation measures shall be prepared before CVR programmes are started and ap- plied throughout the entire life cycle of the intervention (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Relevant baseline assessments, the collection of gender and sex-dis- aggregated data on project participants, and mid- and end-term evaluations shall be anticipated and budgeted for by DDR practitioners well in advance. Data collection and retention policies for implementing partners and DDR practitioners shall also include privacy provisions, including procedures on data retention, sharing and disposal. The progress of CVR programmes shall be regularly analysed and communicated to rele- vant partners to ensure that core objectives are achieved, and that mitigation strategies are prepared when they are not.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":250, "Sentence":"Data collection and retention policies for implementing partners and DDR practitioners shall also include privacy provisions, including procedures on data retention, sharing and disposal.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction data collection retention policy implementing partner ddr practitioner shall also include privacy provision including procedure data retention sharing disposal ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes shall aim to be data-driven and evidence-based. Monitoring and evaluation measures shall be prepared before CVR programmes are started and ap- plied throughout the entire life cycle of the intervention (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Relevant baseline assessments, the collection of gender and sex-dis- aggregated data on project participants, and mid- and end-term evaluations shall be anticipated and budgeted for by DDR practitioners well in advance. Data collection and retention policies for implementing partners and DDR practitioners shall also include privacy provisions, including procedures on data retention, sharing and disposal. The progress of CVR programmes shall be regularly analysed and communicated to rele- vant partners to ensure that core objectives are achieved, and that mitigation strategies are prepared when they are not.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":250, "Sentence":"The progress of CVR programmes shall be regularly analysed and communicated to rele- vant partners to ensure that core objectives are achieved, and that mitigation strategies are prepared when they are not.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction progress cvr programme shall regularly analysed communicated rele vant partner ensure core objective achieved mitigation strategy prepared ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common un- derstanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible rela- tionship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical.The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: \\n Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associat- ed with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). \\n Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. \\n Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of re- cruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). \\n Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and\/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sex- ual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":251, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common un- derstanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible rela- tionship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction ddr practitioner outset cvr programme agree common un derstanding role cvr within ddr process including possible rela tionship ddr programme ddrrelated tool transitional wam reintegration support see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common un- derstanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible rela- tionship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical.The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: \\n Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associat- ed with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). \\n Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. \\n Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of re- cruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). \\n Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and\/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sex- ual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":251, "Sentence":"Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical.The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction achieving shared clarity purpose national local stakeholder un entity responsible coordinating cvr critical.the target group cvr programme may vary according context ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common un- derstanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible rela- tionship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical.The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: \\n Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associat- ed with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). \\n Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. \\n Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of re- cruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). \\n Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and\/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sex- ual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":251, "Sentence":"(See section 6.4.)", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction see section 6.4 ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common un- derstanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible rela- tionship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical.The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: \\n Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associat- ed with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). \\n Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. \\n Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of re- cruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). \\n Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and\/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sex- ual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":251, "Sentence":"However, four categories stand out: \\n Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction however four category stand n former combatant part existing unsupported national ddr programme ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common un- derstanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible rela- tionship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical.The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: \\n Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associat- ed with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). \\n Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. \\n Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of re- cruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). \\n Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and\/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sex- ual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":251, "Sentence":"These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associat- ed with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction typically include excombatants person formerly associat ed armed group waiting support could perceived threat broader security stability ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common un- derstanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible rela- tionship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical.The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: \\n Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associat- ed with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). \\n Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. \\n Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of re- cruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). \\n Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and\/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sex- ual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":251, "Sentence":"If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction reintegration support delayed cvr serve stopgap measure providing temporary reinsertion assistance defined period 6\u201318 month also see iddrs 4.20 demobilization ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common un- derstanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible rela- tionship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical.The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: \\n Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associat- ed with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). \\n Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. \\n Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of re- cruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). \\n Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and\/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sex- ual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":251, "Sentence":"\\n Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction n member armed group formally eligible ddr programme group signatory peace agreement ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common un- derstanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible rela- tionship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical.The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: \\n Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associat- ed with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). \\n Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. \\n Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of re- cruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). \\n Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and\/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sex- ual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":251, "Sentence":"These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction group may include rebel faction paramilitary militia group member armed gang entity part peace agreement ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common un- derstanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible rela- tionship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical.The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: \\n Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associat- ed with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). \\n Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. \\n Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of re- cruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). \\n Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and\/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sex- ual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":251, "Sentence":"This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction category may include individual voluntarily leave active armed group including designated terrorist organization united nation security council see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common un- derstanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible rela- tionship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical.The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: \\n Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associat- ed with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). \\n Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. \\n Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of re- cruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). \\n Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and\/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sex- ual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":251, "Sentence":"The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction status individual armed group must analysed specified mitigate risk associated inclusion cvr programme ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common un- derstanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible rela- tionship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical.The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: \\n Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associat- ed with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). \\n Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. \\n Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of re- cruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). \\n Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and\/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sex- ual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":251, "Sentence":"\\n Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of re- cruitment by such groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction n individual member armed group risk cruitment group ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common un- derstanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible rela- tionship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical.The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: \\n Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associat- ed with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). \\n Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. \\n Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of re- cruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). \\n Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and\/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sex- ual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":251, "Sentence":"These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction individual part established armed group therefore ineligible participate ddr programme ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common un- derstanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible rela- tionship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical.The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: \\n Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associat- ed with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). \\n Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. \\n Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of re- cruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). \\n Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and\/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sex- ual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":251, "Sentence":"They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction however exhibit potential build peace contribute prevention recruitment community ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common un- derstanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible rela- tionship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical.The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: \\n Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associat- ed with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). \\n Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. \\n Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of re- cruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). \\n Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and\/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sex- ual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":251, "Sentence":"This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction wide category beneficiary include male female child youth see iddrs 5.20 child ddr 5.30 youth ddr ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common un- derstanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible rela- tionship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical.The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: \\n Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associat- ed with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). \\n Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. \\n Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of re- cruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). \\n Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and\/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sex- ual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":251, "Sentence":"\\n Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction n designated community susceptible outbreak violence close cantonment site likely receive former combatant ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common un- derstanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible rela- tionship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical.The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: \\n Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associat- ed with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). \\n Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. \\n Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of re- cruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). \\n Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and\/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sex- ual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":251, "Sentence":"In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and\/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sex- ual or gender-based violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction case cvr may target community neighbourhood situated close cantonment site and\/or vulnerable high rate political violence organized crime sex ual genderbased violence ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common un- derstanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible rela- tionship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical.The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: \\n Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associat- ed with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). \\n Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. \\n Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of re- cruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). \\n Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and\/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sex- ual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":251, "Sentence":"CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr also focused sample productive member community enhance potential absorb newly reinserted reintegrated former combatants.cvr may pursued ddr programme mission nonmission setting ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common un- derstanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible rela- tionship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical.The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: \\n Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associat- ed with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). \\n Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. \\n Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of re- cruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). \\n Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and\/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sex- ual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":251, "Sentence":"(See Table 1 below.)", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction see table 1 ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":252, "Sentence":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr may undertaken prior ddr programme ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":252, "Sentence":"Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction past experience shown military commander sometimes try recruit additional group member negotiation process order strengthen troop number conse quent influence negotiating table ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":252, "Sentence":"Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction similarly previous experience shown imminent access ddr programme may perverse incentive encouraging recruitment ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":252, "Sentence":"CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr counter possibility fostering social cohesion providing alternative joining armed groups.cvr may also undertaken parallel ddr programme ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":252, "Sentence":"For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction example cvr programme implemented near cantonment site number reason ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":252, "Sentence":"Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction firstly may community resistance nearby cantoning armed force group ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":252, "Sentence":"CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr respond also showing community member excombatants one benefit ddr process ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":252, "Sentence":"CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr also help mitigate insecurity around cantonment site particularly cantonment go longer anticipated.even community close cantonment site cvr undertaken parallel ddr programme order strengthen capacity community absorb former combatant reduce tension may caused arrival excombatants associated group ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":252, "Sentence":"More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction specifically short medium term cvr equip community dispute mechanism well community dialogue mechanism manage grievance stimulate local economic activity benefit wider population.cvr also used mean addressing armed group signed peace agreement ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":252, "Sentence":"The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction aim cvr context would minimize potentially disruptive effect nonsignatory group ongoing ddr programme.parallel ddr programme cvr also play critical role strengthen ing reinsertion effort bridging socalled \u2018 reintegration gap \u2019 ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":252, "Sentence":"In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction mission set ting cvr funded allocation assessed contribution ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":252, "Sentence":"Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction therefore ddr programme unable mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance cvr may smooth transition provision tailored reinsertion assistance excombatants associated group community return ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":252, "Sentence":"For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction reason cvr sometimes described stopgap measure ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":252, "Sentence":"In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction nonmission setting funding cvr reintegration support depend allocation national budget and\/or voluntary contribution donor ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":252, "Sentence":"Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction therefore instance cvr support communi tybased reintegration envisaged nonmission setting outset planned implemented single continuous programme ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":252, "Sentence":"The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction distinction cvr reinsertion part ddr programme outlined table 2 below.cvr may also appropriate formal ddr programme ended ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":252, "Sentence":"For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction ex ample cvr may administered ddr programme combination transi tional weapon ammunition management wam order bolster resilience rerecruitment mop safely register store remaining civilianheld weapon see iddrs 4.11 transitional wam section 5.3 ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":252, "Sentence":"CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr may also provide constructive transitional function particularly reintegration support ended prematurely ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and conse- quent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups.CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated.Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population.CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme.Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthen- ing reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission set- tings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and\/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to communi- ty-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below.CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For ex- ample, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transi- tional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":252, "Sentence":"Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction plan maintain cvr activity ddr programme agreed relevant stakeholder ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.2 CVR in the absence of DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"CVR may also be used in the absence of a DDR programme. (See Table 3 below.) CVR can be used to build confidence between warring parties and to show the possible dividends of future peace. In turn, this may help to foster an environment that is con- ducive to the signing of a peace agreement.It is possible that DDR processes will not include DDR programmes, either because the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present or because alternative meas- ures are more appropriate. For example, a local-level peace agreement may include provisions for CVR rather than a DDR programme. These local-level agreements can take many different forms, including (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Political Dimensions of DDR).Alternatively, in certain cases armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council may refuse to sign peace agreements. Individ- uals who voluntarily decide to leave these armed groups may participate in CVR pro- grammes. However, they must first be screened in order to assess whether they have committed certain crimes, including terrorist acts that would disqualify them from participation in a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":253, "Sentence":"CVR may also be used in the absence of a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr may also used absence ddr programme ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.2 CVR in the absence of DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"CVR may also be used in the absence of a DDR programme. (See Table 3 below.) CVR can be used to build confidence between warring parties and to show the possible dividends of future peace. In turn, this may help to foster an environment that is con- ducive to the signing of a peace agreement.It is possible that DDR processes will not include DDR programmes, either because the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present or because alternative meas- ures are more appropriate. For example, a local-level peace agreement may include provisions for CVR rather than a DDR programme. These local-level agreements can take many different forms, including (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Political Dimensions of DDR).Alternatively, in certain cases armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council may refuse to sign peace agreements. Individ- uals who voluntarily decide to leave these armed groups may participate in CVR pro- grammes. However, they must first be screened in order to assess whether they have committed certain crimes, including terrorist acts that would disqualify them from participation in a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":253, "Sentence":"(See Table 3 below.)", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction see table 3 ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.2 CVR in the absence of DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"CVR may also be used in the absence of a DDR programme. (See Table 3 below.) CVR can be used to build confidence between warring parties and to show the possible dividends of future peace. In turn, this may help to foster an environment that is con- ducive to the signing of a peace agreement.It is possible that DDR processes will not include DDR programmes, either because the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present or because alternative meas- ures are more appropriate. For example, a local-level peace agreement may include provisions for CVR rather than a DDR programme. These local-level agreements can take many different forms, including (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Political Dimensions of DDR).Alternatively, in certain cases armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council may refuse to sign peace agreements. Individ- uals who voluntarily decide to leave these armed groups may participate in CVR pro- grammes. However, they must first be screened in order to assess whether they have committed certain crimes, including terrorist acts that would disqualify them from participation in a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":253, "Sentence":"CVR can be used to build confidence between warring parties and to show the possible dividends of future peace.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr used build confidence warring party show possible dividend future peace ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.2 CVR in the absence of DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"CVR may also be used in the absence of a DDR programme. (See Table 3 below.) CVR can be used to build confidence between warring parties and to show the possible dividends of future peace. In turn, this may help to foster an environment that is con- ducive to the signing of a peace agreement.It is possible that DDR processes will not include DDR programmes, either because the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present or because alternative meas- ures are more appropriate. For example, a local-level peace agreement may include provisions for CVR rather than a DDR programme. These local-level agreements can take many different forms, including (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Political Dimensions of DDR).Alternatively, in certain cases armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council may refuse to sign peace agreements. Individ- uals who voluntarily decide to leave these armed groups may participate in CVR pro- grammes. However, they must first be screened in order to assess whether they have committed certain crimes, including terrorist acts that would disqualify them from participation in a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":253, "Sentence":"In turn, this may help to foster an environment that is con- ducive to the signing of a peace agreement.It is possible that DDR processes will not include DDR programmes, either because the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present or because alternative meas- ures are more appropriate.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction turn may help foster environment con ducive signing peace agreement.it possible ddr process include ddr programme either precondition ddr programme present alternative meas ures appropriate ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.2 CVR in the absence of DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"CVR may also be used in the absence of a DDR programme. (See Table 3 below.) CVR can be used to build confidence between warring parties and to show the possible dividends of future peace. In turn, this may help to foster an environment that is con- ducive to the signing of a peace agreement.It is possible that DDR processes will not include DDR programmes, either because the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present or because alternative meas- ures are more appropriate. For example, a local-level peace agreement may include provisions for CVR rather than a DDR programme. These local-level agreements can take many different forms, including (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Political Dimensions of DDR).Alternatively, in certain cases armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council may refuse to sign peace agreements. Individ- uals who voluntarily decide to leave these armed groups may participate in CVR pro- grammes. However, they must first be screened in order to assess whether they have committed certain crimes, including terrorist acts that would disqualify them from participation in a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":253, "Sentence":"For example, a local-level peace agreement may include provisions for CVR rather than a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction example locallevel peace agreement may include provision cvr rather ddr programme ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.2 CVR in the absence of DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"CVR may also be used in the absence of a DDR programme. (See Table 3 below.) CVR can be used to build confidence between warring parties and to show the possible dividends of future peace. In turn, this may help to foster an environment that is con- ducive to the signing of a peace agreement.It is possible that DDR processes will not include DDR programmes, either because the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present or because alternative meas- ures are more appropriate. For example, a local-level peace agreement may include provisions for CVR rather than a DDR programme. These local-level agreements can take many different forms, including (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Political Dimensions of DDR).Alternatively, in certain cases armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council may refuse to sign peace agreements. Individ- uals who voluntarily decide to leave these armed groups may participate in CVR pro- grammes. However, they must first be screened in order to assess whether they have committed certain crimes, including terrorist acts that would disqualify them from participation in a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":253, "Sentence":"These local-level agreements can take many different forms, including (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Political Dimensions of DDR).Alternatively, in certain cases armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council may refuse to sign peace agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction locallevel agreement take many different form including limited local nonaggression pact armed group deal regarding access specific area cvr agreement see iddrs 2.20 political dimension ddr.alternatively certain case armed group designated terrorist organization united nation security council may refuse sign peace agreement ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.2 CVR in the absence of DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"CVR may also be used in the absence of a DDR programme. (See Table 3 below.) CVR can be used to build confidence between warring parties and to show the possible dividends of future peace. In turn, this may help to foster an environment that is con- ducive to the signing of a peace agreement.It is possible that DDR processes will not include DDR programmes, either because the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present or because alternative meas- ures are more appropriate. For example, a local-level peace agreement may include provisions for CVR rather than a DDR programme. These local-level agreements can take many different forms, including (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Political Dimensions of DDR).Alternatively, in certain cases armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council may refuse to sign peace agreements. Individ- uals who voluntarily decide to leave these armed groups may participate in CVR pro- grammes. However, they must first be screened in order to assess whether they have committed certain crimes, including terrorist acts that would disqualify them from participation in a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":253, "Sentence":"Individ- uals who voluntarily decide to leave these armed groups may participate in CVR pro- grammes.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction individ uals voluntarily decide leave armed group may participate cvr pro gramme ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.2 CVR in the absence of DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"CVR may also be used in the absence of a DDR programme. (See Table 3 below.) CVR can be used to build confidence between warring parties and to show the possible dividends of future peace. In turn, this may help to foster an environment that is con- ducive to the signing of a peace agreement.It is possible that DDR processes will not include DDR programmes, either because the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present or because alternative meas- ures are more appropriate. For example, a local-level peace agreement may include provisions for CVR rather than a DDR programme. These local-level agreements can take many different forms, including (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Political Dimensions of DDR).Alternatively, in certain cases armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council may refuse to sign peace agreements. Individ- uals who voluntarily decide to leave these armed groups may participate in CVR pro- grammes. However, they must first be screened in order to assess whether they have committed certain crimes, including terrorist acts that would disqualify them from participation in a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":253, "Sentence":"However, they must first be screened in order to assess whether they have committed certain crimes, including terrorist acts that would disqualify them from participation in a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction however must first screened order ass whether committed certain crime including terrorist act would disqualify participation ddr process see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.3 Relationship between CVR and weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"CVR may involve activities related to collecting, managing and\/or destroying weapons and ammunition. Arms control initiatives and potential CVR arms-related eligibility criteria should be in line with the disarmament component of the DDR programme (if there is one), as well as other arms control initiatives running in the country (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).While not a disarmament program per se, CVR may include measures to pro- mote community or locally led weapons collection and management initiatives, to sup- port national weapons amnesties, and to collect, store and destroy small arms, light weapons, other conventional arms, ammunition and explosives. The collection and destruction of weapons may play an important symbolic and catalytic role in war-torn communities. Although the return of a weapon is not typically a condition of partic- ipation in CVR, voluntary returns may demonstrate the willingness of beneficiaries to engage. Moreover, the removal and\/or safe storage of weapons from individuals\u2019 or armed groups\u2019 inventories may help reduce open carrying and home possession of weaponry \u2013 factors that can contribute to violent exchanges and unintentional injuries. Even when weapons are not handed over as part of a CVR programme, it is beneficial to collect information on the weapons still in possession of those participating in CVR. This is because weapons in circulation will continue to represent a risk factor and have the potential to facilitate violence. Expectations should be kept realistic: in settings marked by high levels of insecurity, it is unlikely that voluntary surrenders or amnesties of weapons will meaningfully reduce overall accessibility.DDR practitioners may, in consultation with relevant partners, propose conditions for the submission of weapons as part of a CVR programme. In some instances, modern and artisanal weapons and ammunition have been collected as part of CVR programmes and have later been destroyed in public ceremonies. Weapons and ammunition col- lected as part of CVR programmes should be destroyed, but if the authorities decide to integrate the material into their national stockpiles, this should be done in compliance with the State\u2019s obligations under relevant international instruments and with technical guidelines.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":254, "Sentence":"CVR may involve activities related to collecting, managing and\/or destroying weapons and ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr may involve activity related collecting managing and\/or destroying weapon ammunition ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.3 Relationship between CVR and weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"CVR may involve activities related to collecting, managing and\/or destroying weapons and ammunition. Arms control initiatives and potential CVR arms-related eligibility criteria should be in line with the disarmament component of the DDR programme (if there is one), as well as other arms control initiatives running in the country (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).While not a disarmament program per se, CVR may include measures to pro- mote community or locally led weapons collection and management initiatives, to sup- port national weapons amnesties, and to collect, store and destroy small arms, light weapons, other conventional arms, ammunition and explosives. The collection and destruction of weapons may play an important symbolic and catalytic role in war-torn communities. Although the return of a weapon is not typically a condition of partic- ipation in CVR, voluntary returns may demonstrate the willingness of beneficiaries to engage. Moreover, the removal and\/or safe storage of weapons from individuals\u2019 or armed groups\u2019 inventories may help reduce open carrying and home possession of weaponry \u2013 factors that can contribute to violent exchanges and unintentional injuries. Even when weapons are not handed over as part of a CVR programme, it is beneficial to collect information on the weapons still in possession of those participating in CVR. This is because weapons in circulation will continue to represent a risk factor and have the potential to facilitate violence. Expectations should be kept realistic: in settings marked by high levels of insecurity, it is unlikely that voluntary surrenders or amnesties of weapons will meaningfully reduce overall accessibility.DDR practitioners may, in consultation with relevant partners, propose conditions for the submission of weapons as part of a CVR programme. In some instances, modern and artisanal weapons and ammunition have been collected as part of CVR programmes and have later been destroyed in public ceremonies. Weapons and ammunition col- lected as part of CVR programmes should be destroyed, but if the authorities decide to integrate the material into their national stockpiles, this should be done in compliance with the State\u2019s obligations under relevant international instruments and with technical guidelines.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":254, "Sentence":"Arms control initiatives and potential CVR arms-related eligibility criteria should be in line with the disarmament component of the DDR programme (if there is one), as well as other arms control initiatives running in the country (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).While not a disarmament program per se, CVR may include measures to pro- mote community or locally led weapons collection and management initiatives, to sup- port national weapons amnesties, and to collect, store and destroy small arms, light weapons, other conventional arms, ammunition and explosives.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction arm control initiative potential cvr armsrelated eligibility criterion line disarmament component ddr programme one well arm control initiative running country see iddrs 4.10 disarmament 4.11 transitional weapon ammunition management.while disarmament program per se cvr may include measure pro mote community locally led weapon collection management initiative sup port national weapon amnesty collect store destroy small arm light weapon conventional arm ammunition explosive ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.3 Relationship between CVR and weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"CVR may involve activities related to collecting, managing and\/or destroying weapons and ammunition. Arms control initiatives and potential CVR arms-related eligibility criteria should be in line with the disarmament component of the DDR programme (if there is one), as well as other arms control initiatives running in the country (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).While not a disarmament program per se, CVR may include measures to pro- mote community or locally led weapons collection and management initiatives, to sup- port national weapons amnesties, and to collect, store and destroy small arms, light weapons, other conventional arms, ammunition and explosives. The collection and destruction of weapons may play an important symbolic and catalytic role in war-torn communities. Although the return of a weapon is not typically a condition of partic- ipation in CVR, voluntary returns may demonstrate the willingness of beneficiaries to engage. Moreover, the removal and\/or safe storage of weapons from individuals\u2019 or armed groups\u2019 inventories may help reduce open carrying and home possession of weaponry \u2013 factors that can contribute to violent exchanges and unintentional injuries. Even when weapons are not handed over as part of a CVR programme, it is beneficial to collect information on the weapons still in possession of those participating in CVR. This is because weapons in circulation will continue to represent a risk factor and have the potential to facilitate violence. Expectations should be kept realistic: in settings marked by high levels of insecurity, it is unlikely that voluntary surrenders or amnesties of weapons will meaningfully reduce overall accessibility.DDR practitioners may, in consultation with relevant partners, propose conditions for the submission of weapons as part of a CVR programme. In some instances, modern and artisanal weapons and ammunition have been collected as part of CVR programmes and have later been destroyed in public ceremonies. Weapons and ammunition col- lected as part of CVR programmes should be destroyed, but if the authorities decide to integrate the material into their national stockpiles, this should be done in compliance with the State\u2019s obligations under relevant international instruments and with technical guidelines.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":254, "Sentence":"The collection and destruction of weapons may play an important symbolic and catalytic role in war-torn communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction collection destruction weapon may play important symbolic catalytic role wartorn community ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.3 Relationship between CVR and weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"CVR may involve activities related to collecting, managing and\/or destroying weapons and ammunition. Arms control initiatives and potential CVR arms-related eligibility criteria should be in line with the disarmament component of the DDR programme (if there is one), as well as other arms control initiatives running in the country (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).While not a disarmament program per se, CVR may include measures to pro- mote community or locally led weapons collection and management initiatives, to sup- port national weapons amnesties, and to collect, store and destroy small arms, light weapons, other conventional arms, ammunition and explosives. The collection and destruction of weapons may play an important symbolic and catalytic role in war-torn communities. Although the return of a weapon is not typically a condition of partic- ipation in CVR, voluntary returns may demonstrate the willingness of beneficiaries to engage. Moreover, the removal and\/or safe storage of weapons from individuals\u2019 or armed groups\u2019 inventories may help reduce open carrying and home possession of weaponry \u2013 factors that can contribute to violent exchanges and unintentional injuries. Even when weapons are not handed over as part of a CVR programme, it is beneficial to collect information on the weapons still in possession of those participating in CVR. This is because weapons in circulation will continue to represent a risk factor and have the potential to facilitate violence. Expectations should be kept realistic: in settings marked by high levels of insecurity, it is unlikely that voluntary surrenders or amnesties of weapons will meaningfully reduce overall accessibility.DDR practitioners may, in consultation with relevant partners, propose conditions for the submission of weapons as part of a CVR programme. In some instances, modern and artisanal weapons and ammunition have been collected as part of CVR programmes and have later been destroyed in public ceremonies. Weapons and ammunition col- lected as part of CVR programmes should be destroyed, but if the authorities decide to integrate the material into their national stockpiles, this should be done in compliance with the State\u2019s obligations under relevant international instruments and with technical guidelines.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":254, "Sentence":"Although the return of a weapon is not typically a condition of partic- ipation in CVR, voluntary returns may demonstrate the willingness of beneficiaries to engage.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction although return weapon typically condition partic ipation cvr voluntary return may demonstrate willingness beneficiary engage ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.3 Relationship between CVR and weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"CVR may involve activities related to collecting, managing and\/or destroying weapons and ammunition. Arms control initiatives and potential CVR arms-related eligibility criteria should be in line with the disarmament component of the DDR programme (if there is one), as well as other arms control initiatives running in the country (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).While not a disarmament program per se, CVR may include measures to pro- mote community or locally led weapons collection and management initiatives, to sup- port national weapons amnesties, and to collect, store and destroy small arms, light weapons, other conventional arms, ammunition and explosives. The collection and destruction of weapons may play an important symbolic and catalytic role in war-torn communities. Although the return of a weapon is not typically a condition of partic- ipation in CVR, voluntary returns may demonstrate the willingness of beneficiaries to engage. Moreover, the removal and\/or safe storage of weapons from individuals\u2019 or armed groups\u2019 inventories may help reduce open carrying and home possession of weaponry \u2013 factors that can contribute to violent exchanges and unintentional injuries. Even when weapons are not handed over as part of a CVR programme, it is beneficial to collect information on the weapons still in possession of those participating in CVR. This is because weapons in circulation will continue to represent a risk factor and have the potential to facilitate violence. Expectations should be kept realistic: in settings marked by high levels of insecurity, it is unlikely that voluntary surrenders or amnesties of weapons will meaningfully reduce overall accessibility.DDR practitioners may, in consultation with relevant partners, propose conditions for the submission of weapons as part of a CVR programme. In some instances, modern and artisanal weapons and ammunition have been collected as part of CVR programmes and have later been destroyed in public ceremonies. Weapons and ammunition col- lected as part of CVR programmes should be destroyed, but if the authorities decide to integrate the material into their national stockpiles, this should be done in compliance with the State\u2019s obligations under relevant international instruments and with technical guidelines.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":254, "Sentence":"Moreover, the removal and\/or safe storage of weapons from individuals\u2019 or armed groups\u2019 inventories may help reduce open carrying and home possession of weaponry \u2013 factors that can contribute to violent exchanges and unintentional injuries.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction moreover removal and\/or safe storage weapon individual \u2019 armed group \u2019 inventory may help reduce open carrying home possession weaponry \u2013 factor contribute violent exchange unintentional injury ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.3 Relationship between CVR and weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"CVR may involve activities related to collecting, managing and\/or destroying weapons and ammunition. Arms control initiatives and potential CVR arms-related eligibility criteria should be in line with the disarmament component of the DDR programme (if there is one), as well as other arms control initiatives running in the country (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).While not a disarmament program per se, CVR may include measures to pro- mote community or locally led weapons collection and management initiatives, to sup- port national weapons amnesties, and to collect, store and destroy small arms, light weapons, other conventional arms, ammunition and explosives. The collection and destruction of weapons may play an important symbolic and catalytic role in war-torn communities. Although the return of a weapon is not typically a condition of partic- ipation in CVR, voluntary returns may demonstrate the willingness of beneficiaries to engage. Moreover, the removal and\/or safe storage of weapons from individuals\u2019 or armed groups\u2019 inventories may help reduce open carrying and home possession of weaponry \u2013 factors that can contribute to violent exchanges and unintentional injuries. Even when weapons are not handed over as part of a CVR programme, it is beneficial to collect information on the weapons still in possession of those participating in CVR. This is because weapons in circulation will continue to represent a risk factor and have the potential to facilitate violence. Expectations should be kept realistic: in settings marked by high levels of insecurity, it is unlikely that voluntary surrenders or amnesties of weapons will meaningfully reduce overall accessibility.DDR practitioners may, in consultation with relevant partners, propose conditions for the submission of weapons as part of a CVR programme. In some instances, modern and artisanal weapons and ammunition have been collected as part of CVR programmes and have later been destroyed in public ceremonies. Weapons and ammunition col- lected as part of CVR programmes should be destroyed, but if the authorities decide to integrate the material into their national stockpiles, this should be done in compliance with the State\u2019s obligations under relevant international instruments and with technical guidelines.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":254, "Sentence":"Even when weapons are not handed over as part of a CVR programme, it is beneficial to collect information on the weapons still in possession of those participating in CVR.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction even weapon handed part cvr programme beneficial collect information weapon still possession participating cvr ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.3 Relationship between CVR and weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"CVR may involve activities related to collecting, managing and\/or destroying weapons and ammunition. Arms control initiatives and potential CVR arms-related eligibility criteria should be in line with the disarmament component of the DDR programme (if there is one), as well as other arms control initiatives running in the country (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).While not a disarmament program per se, CVR may include measures to pro- mote community or locally led weapons collection and management initiatives, to sup- port national weapons amnesties, and to collect, store and destroy small arms, light weapons, other conventional arms, ammunition and explosives. The collection and destruction of weapons may play an important symbolic and catalytic role in war-torn communities. Although the return of a weapon is not typically a condition of partic- ipation in CVR, voluntary returns may demonstrate the willingness of beneficiaries to engage. Moreover, the removal and\/or safe storage of weapons from individuals\u2019 or armed groups\u2019 inventories may help reduce open carrying and home possession of weaponry \u2013 factors that can contribute to violent exchanges and unintentional injuries. Even when weapons are not handed over as part of a CVR programme, it is beneficial to collect information on the weapons still in possession of those participating in CVR. This is because weapons in circulation will continue to represent a risk factor and have the potential to facilitate violence. Expectations should be kept realistic: in settings marked by high levels of insecurity, it is unlikely that voluntary surrenders or amnesties of weapons will meaningfully reduce overall accessibility.DDR practitioners may, in consultation with relevant partners, propose conditions for the submission of weapons as part of a CVR programme. In some instances, modern and artisanal weapons and ammunition have been collected as part of CVR programmes and have later been destroyed in public ceremonies. Weapons and ammunition col- lected as part of CVR programmes should be destroyed, but if the authorities decide to integrate the material into their national stockpiles, this should be done in compliance with the State\u2019s obligations under relevant international instruments and with technical guidelines.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":254, "Sentence":"This is because weapons in circulation will continue to represent a risk factor and have the potential to facilitate violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction weapon circulation continue represent risk factor potential facilitate violence ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.3 Relationship between CVR and weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"CVR may involve activities related to collecting, managing and\/or destroying weapons and ammunition. Arms control initiatives and potential CVR arms-related eligibility criteria should be in line with the disarmament component of the DDR programme (if there is one), as well as other arms control initiatives running in the country (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).While not a disarmament program per se, CVR may include measures to pro- mote community or locally led weapons collection and management initiatives, to sup- port national weapons amnesties, and to collect, store and destroy small arms, light weapons, other conventional arms, ammunition and explosives. The collection and destruction of weapons may play an important symbolic and catalytic role in war-torn communities. Although the return of a weapon is not typically a condition of partic- ipation in CVR, voluntary returns may demonstrate the willingness of beneficiaries to engage. Moreover, the removal and\/or safe storage of weapons from individuals\u2019 or armed groups\u2019 inventories may help reduce open carrying and home possession of weaponry \u2013 factors that can contribute to violent exchanges and unintentional injuries. Even when weapons are not handed over as part of a CVR programme, it is beneficial to collect information on the weapons still in possession of those participating in CVR. This is because weapons in circulation will continue to represent a risk factor and have the potential to facilitate violence. Expectations should be kept realistic: in settings marked by high levels of insecurity, it is unlikely that voluntary surrenders or amnesties of weapons will meaningfully reduce overall accessibility.DDR practitioners may, in consultation with relevant partners, propose conditions for the submission of weapons as part of a CVR programme. In some instances, modern and artisanal weapons and ammunition have been collected as part of CVR programmes and have later been destroyed in public ceremonies. Weapons and ammunition col- lected as part of CVR programmes should be destroyed, but if the authorities decide to integrate the material into their national stockpiles, this should be done in compliance with the State\u2019s obligations under relevant international instruments and with technical guidelines.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":254, "Sentence":"Expectations should be kept realistic: in settings marked by high levels of insecurity, it is unlikely that voluntary surrenders or amnesties of weapons will meaningfully reduce overall accessibility.DDR practitioners may, in consultation with relevant partners, propose conditions for the submission of weapons as part of a CVR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction expectation kept realistic setting marked high level insecurity unlikely voluntary surrender amnesty weapon meaningfully reduce overall accessibility.ddr practitioner may consultation relevant partner propose condition submission weapon part cvr programme ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.3 Relationship between CVR and weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"CVR may involve activities related to collecting, managing and\/or destroying weapons and ammunition. Arms control initiatives and potential CVR arms-related eligibility criteria should be in line with the disarmament component of the DDR programme (if there is one), as well as other arms control initiatives running in the country (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).While not a disarmament program per se, CVR may include measures to pro- mote community or locally led weapons collection and management initiatives, to sup- port national weapons amnesties, and to collect, store and destroy small arms, light weapons, other conventional arms, ammunition and explosives. The collection and destruction of weapons may play an important symbolic and catalytic role in war-torn communities. Although the return of a weapon is not typically a condition of partic- ipation in CVR, voluntary returns may demonstrate the willingness of beneficiaries to engage. Moreover, the removal and\/or safe storage of weapons from individuals\u2019 or armed groups\u2019 inventories may help reduce open carrying and home possession of weaponry \u2013 factors that can contribute to violent exchanges and unintentional injuries. Even when weapons are not handed over as part of a CVR programme, it is beneficial to collect information on the weapons still in possession of those participating in CVR. This is because weapons in circulation will continue to represent a risk factor and have the potential to facilitate violence. Expectations should be kept realistic: in settings marked by high levels of insecurity, it is unlikely that voluntary surrenders or amnesties of weapons will meaningfully reduce overall accessibility.DDR practitioners may, in consultation with relevant partners, propose conditions for the submission of weapons as part of a CVR programme. In some instances, modern and artisanal weapons and ammunition have been collected as part of CVR programmes and have later been destroyed in public ceremonies. Weapons and ammunition col- lected as part of CVR programmes should be destroyed, but if the authorities decide to integrate the material into their national stockpiles, this should be done in compliance with the State\u2019s obligations under relevant international instruments and with technical guidelines.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":254, "Sentence":"In some instances, modern and artisanal weapons and ammunition have been collected as part of CVR programmes and have later been destroyed in public ceremonies.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction instance modern artisanal weapon ammunition collected part cvr programme later destroyed public ceremony ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"5. The role of CVR within a DDR process", "Heading2":"5.3 Relationship between CVR and weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"CVR may involve activities related to collecting, managing and\/or destroying weapons and ammunition. Arms control initiatives and potential CVR arms-related eligibility criteria should be in line with the disarmament component of the DDR programme (if there is one), as well as other arms control initiatives running in the country (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).While not a disarmament program per se, CVR may include measures to pro- mote community or locally led weapons collection and management initiatives, to sup- port national weapons amnesties, and to collect, store and destroy small arms, light weapons, other conventional arms, ammunition and explosives. The collection and destruction of weapons may play an important symbolic and catalytic role in war-torn communities. Although the return of a weapon is not typically a condition of partic- ipation in CVR, voluntary returns may demonstrate the willingness of beneficiaries to engage. Moreover, the removal and\/or safe storage of weapons from individuals\u2019 or armed groups\u2019 inventories may help reduce open carrying and home possession of weaponry \u2013 factors that can contribute to violent exchanges and unintentional injuries. Even when weapons are not handed over as part of a CVR programme, it is beneficial to collect information on the weapons still in possession of those participating in CVR. This is because weapons in circulation will continue to represent a risk factor and have the potential to facilitate violence. Expectations should be kept realistic: in settings marked by high levels of insecurity, it is unlikely that voluntary surrenders or amnesties of weapons will meaningfully reduce overall accessibility.DDR practitioners may, in consultation with relevant partners, propose conditions for the submission of weapons as part of a CVR programme. In some instances, modern and artisanal weapons and ammunition have been collected as part of CVR programmes and have later been destroyed in public ceremonies. Weapons and ammunition col- lected as part of CVR programmes should be destroyed, but if the authorities decide to integrate the material into their national stockpiles, this should be done in compliance with the State\u2019s obligations under relevant international instruments and with technical guidelines.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":254, "Sentence":"Weapons and ammunition col- lected as part of CVR programmes should be destroyed, but if the authorities decide to integrate the material into their national stockpiles, this should be done in compliance with the State\u2019s obligations under relevant international instruments and with technical guidelines.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction weapon ammunition col lected part cvr programme destroyed authority decide integrate material national stockpile done compliance state \u2019 obligation relevant international instrument technical guideline ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The legitimacy and effectiveness of CVR begins and ends with community engage- ment. CVR programmes should not be limited to a small number of partners, but rather include a wide-ranging and representative sample of community stakeholders. Selected partners should be included at all stages of the programming cycle \u2013 project submission, design, development, implementation, communications, and monitoring and evaluation \u2013 in order to help build local capacities and achieve maximum impact. Where counterpart government capacities are weak or compromised, community-level partnerships should be pursued to promote buy-in, to reach difficult-to-access areas, and to help CVR interventions thrive after funding cycles come to an end.At a minimum, CVR strategy and programming shall be aligned with wider na- tional, regional and international stabilization objectives. While the overall strategic direction is determined from above, DDR practitioners should work closely with local intermediaries to ensure that community-driven priorities are front and centre in project selection. This is because community buy-in and local norms and sanctions are critical to limiting the prevalence of violence and helping regulate violence once it has broken out. Local ownership is not an incidental by-product \u2013 it is absolutely essential to CVR effectiveness. CVR programmes are less beholden to a predetermined design than many other stability measures, and they should take advantage of this by incorporating com- munity demands while also ensuring a comprehensive strategy for community security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":255, "Sentence":"The legitimacy and effectiveness of CVR begins and ends with community engage- ment.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction legitimacy effectiveness cvr begin end community engage ment ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The legitimacy and effectiveness of CVR begins and ends with community engage- ment. CVR programmes should not be limited to a small number of partners, but rather include a wide-ranging and representative sample of community stakeholders. Selected partners should be included at all stages of the programming cycle \u2013 project submission, design, development, implementation, communications, and monitoring and evaluation \u2013 in order to help build local capacities and achieve maximum impact. Where counterpart government capacities are weak or compromised, community-level partnerships should be pursued to promote buy-in, to reach difficult-to-access areas, and to help CVR interventions thrive after funding cycles come to an end.At a minimum, CVR strategy and programming shall be aligned with wider na- tional, regional and international stabilization objectives. While the overall strategic direction is determined from above, DDR practitioners should work closely with local intermediaries to ensure that community-driven priorities are front and centre in project selection. This is because community buy-in and local norms and sanctions are critical to limiting the prevalence of violence and helping regulate violence once it has broken out. Local ownership is not an incidental by-product \u2013 it is absolutely essential to CVR effectiveness. CVR programmes are less beholden to a predetermined design than many other stability measures, and they should take advantage of this by incorporating com- munity demands while also ensuring a comprehensive strategy for community security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":255, "Sentence":"CVR programmes should not be limited to a small number of partners, but rather include a wide-ranging and representative sample of community stakeholders.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr programme limited small number partner rather include wideranging representative sample community stakeholder ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The legitimacy and effectiveness of CVR begins and ends with community engage- ment. CVR programmes should not be limited to a small number of partners, but rather include a wide-ranging and representative sample of community stakeholders. Selected partners should be included at all stages of the programming cycle \u2013 project submission, design, development, implementation, communications, and monitoring and evaluation \u2013 in order to help build local capacities and achieve maximum impact. Where counterpart government capacities are weak or compromised, community-level partnerships should be pursued to promote buy-in, to reach difficult-to-access areas, and to help CVR interventions thrive after funding cycles come to an end.At a minimum, CVR strategy and programming shall be aligned with wider na- tional, regional and international stabilization objectives. While the overall strategic direction is determined from above, DDR practitioners should work closely with local intermediaries to ensure that community-driven priorities are front and centre in project selection. This is because community buy-in and local norms and sanctions are critical to limiting the prevalence of violence and helping regulate violence once it has broken out. Local ownership is not an incidental by-product \u2013 it is absolutely essential to CVR effectiveness. CVR programmes are less beholden to a predetermined design than many other stability measures, and they should take advantage of this by incorporating com- munity demands while also ensuring a comprehensive strategy for community security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":255, "Sentence":"Selected partners should be included at all stages of the programming cycle \u2013 project submission, design, development, implementation, communications, and monitoring and evaluation \u2013 in order to help build local capacities and achieve maximum impact.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction selected partner included stage programming cycle \u2013 project submission design development implementation communication monitoring evaluation \u2013 order help build local capacity achieve maximum impact ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The legitimacy and effectiveness of CVR begins and ends with community engage- ment. CVR programmes should not be limited to a small number of partners, but rather include a wide-ranging and representative sample of community stakeholders. Selected partners should be included at all stages of the programming cycle \u2013 project submission, design, development, implementation, communications, and monitoring and evaluation \u2013 in order to help build local capacities and achieve maximum impact. Where counterpart government capacities are weak or compromised, community-level partnerships should be pursued to promote buy-in, to reach difficult-to-access areas, and to help CVR interventions thrive after funding cycles come to an end.At a minimum, CVR strategy and programming shall be aligned with wider na- tional, regional and international stabilization objectives. While the overall strategic direction is determined from above, DDR practitioners should work closely with local intermediaries to ensure that community-driven priorities are front and centre in project selection. This is because community buy-in and local norms and sanctions are critical to limiting the prevalence of violence and helping regulate violence once it has broken out. Local ownership is not an incidental by-product \u2013 it is absolutely essential to CVR effectiveness. CVR programmes are less beholden to a predetermined design than many other stability measures, and they should take advantage of this by incorporating com- munity demands while also ensuring a comprehensive strategy for community security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":255, "Sentence":"Where counterpart government capacities are weak or compromised, community-level partnerships should be pursued to promote buy-in, to reach difficult-to-access areas, and to help CVR interventions thrive after funding cycles come to an end.At a minimum, CVR strategy and programming shall be aligned with wider na- tional, regional and international stabilization objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction counterpart government capacity weak compromised communitylevel partnership pursued promote buyin reach difficulttoaccess area help cvr intervention thrive funding cycle come end.at minimum cvr strategy programming shall aligned wider na tional regional international stabilization objective ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The legitimacy and effectiveness of CVR begins and ends with community engage- ment. CVR programmes should not be limited to a small number of partners, but rather include a wide-ranging and representative sample of community stakeholders. Selected partners should be included at all stages of the programming cycle \u2013 project submission, design, development, implementation, communications, and monitoring and evaluation \u2013 in order to help build local capacities and achieve maximum impact. Where counterpart government capacities are weak or compromised, community-level partnerships should be pursued to promote buy-in, to reach difficult-to-access areas, and to help CVR interventions thrive after funding cycles come to an end.At a minimum, CVR strategy and programming shall be aligned with wider na- tional, regional and international stabilization objectives. While the overall strategic direction is determined from above, DDR practitioners should work closely with local intermediaries to ensure that community-driven priorities are front and centre in project selection. This is because community buy-in and local norms and sanctions are critical to limiting the prevalence of violence and helping regulate violence once it has broken out. Local ownership is not an incidental by-product \u2013 it is absolutely essential to CVR effectiveness. CVR programmes are less beholden to a predetermined design than many other stability measures, and they should take advantage of this by incorporating com- munity demands while also ensuring a comprehensive strategy for community security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":255, "Sentence":"While the overall strategic direction is determined from above, DDR practitioners should work closely with local intermediaries to ensure that community-driven priorities are front and centre in project selection.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction overall strategic direction determined ddr practitioner work closely local intermediary ensure communitydriven priority front centre project selection ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The legitimacy and effectiveness of CVR begins and ends with community engage- ment. CVR programmes should not be limited to a small number of partners, but rather include a wide-ranging and representative sample of community stakeholders. Selected partners should be included at all stages of the programming cycle \u2013 project submission, design, development, implementation, communications, and monitoring and evaluation \u2013 in order to help build local capacities and achieve maximum impact. Where counterpart government capacities are weak or compromised, community-level partnerships should be pursued to promote buy-in, to reach difficult-to-access areas, and to help CVR interventions thrive after funding cycles come to an end.At a minimum, CVR strategy and programming shall be aligned with wider na- tional, regional and international stabilization objectives. While the overall strategic direction is determined from above, DDR practitioners should work closely with local intermediaries to ensure that community-driven priorities are front and centre in project selection. This is because community buy-in and local norms and sanctions are critical to limiting the prevalence of violence and helping regulate violence once it has broken out. Local ownership is not an incidental by-product \u2013 it is absolutely essential to CVR effectiveness. CVR programmes are less beholden to a predetermined design than many other stability measures, and they should take advantage of this by incorporating com- munity demands while also ensuring a comprehensive strategy for community security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":255, "Sentence":"This is because community buy-in and local norms and sanctions are critical to limiting the prevalence of violence and helping regulate violence once it has broken out.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction community buyin local norm sanction critical limiting prevalence violence helping regulate violence broken ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The legitimacy and effectiveness of CVR begins and ends with community engage- ment. CVR programmes should not be limited to a small number of partners, but rather include a wide-ranging and representative sample of community stakeholders. Selected partners should be included at all stages of the programming cycle \u2013 project submission, design, development, implementation, communications, and monitoring and evaluation \u2013 in order to help build local capacities and achieve maximum impact. Where counterpart government capacities are weak or compromised, community-level partnerships should be pursued to promote buy-in, to reach difficult-to-access areas, and to help CVR interventions thrive after funding cycles come to an end.At a minimum, CVR strategy and programming shall be aligned with wider na- tional, regional and international stabilization objectives. While the overall strategic direction is determined from above, DDR practitioners should work closely with local intermediaries to ensure that community-driven priorities are front and centre in project selection. This is because community buy-in and local norms and sanctions are critical to limiting the prevalence of violence and helping regulate violence once it has broken out. Local ownership is not an incidental by-product \u2013 it is absolutely essential to CVR effectiveness. CVR programmes are less beholden to a predetermined design than many other stability measures, and they should take advantage of this by incorporating com- munity demands while also ensuring a comprehensive strategy for community security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":255, "Sentence":"Local ownership is not an incidental by-product \u2013 it is absolutely essential to CVR effectiveness.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction local ownership incidental byproduct \u2013 absolutely essential cvr effectiveness ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The legitimacy and effectiveness of CVR begins and ends with community engage- ment. CVR programmes should not be limited to a small number of partners, but rather include a wide-ranging and representative sample of community stakeholders. Selected partners should be included at all stages of the programming cycle \u2013 project submission, design, development, implementation, communications, and monitoring and evaluation \u2013 in order to help build local capacities and achieve maximum impact. Where counterpart government capacities are weak or compromised, community-level partnerships should be pursued to promote buy-in, to reach difficult-to-access areas, and to help CVR interventions thrive after funding cycles come to an end.At a minimum, CVR strategy and programming shall be aligned with wider na- tional, regional and international stabilization objectives. While the overall strategic direction is determined from above, DDR practitioners should work closely with local intermediaries to ensure that community-driven priorities are front and centre in project selection. This is because community buy-in and local norms and sanctions are critical to limiting the prevalence of violence and helping regulate violence once it has broken out. Local ownership is not an incidental by-product \u2013 it is absolutely essential to CVR effectiveness. CVR programmes are less beholden to a predetermined design than many other stability measures, and they should take advantage of this by incorporating com- munity demands while also ensuring a comprehensive strategy for community security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":255, "Sentence":"CVR programmes are less beholden to a predetermined design than many other stability measures, and they should take advantage of this by incorporating com- munity demands while also ensuring a comprehensive strategy for community security.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr programme le beholden predetermined design many stability measure take advantage incorporating com munity demand also ensuring comprehensive strategy community security ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction mission nonmission setting cvr programme based clear predictable agile cvr strategy ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction strategy shall clearly specify core goal target indicator theory change overall rationale cvr ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction strate gic plan spell division labour rule responsibility partner performance targets.cvr programme static political security dynamic change shall regularly adjusted reflect new set circumstance ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction update informed comprehensive conflict security analysis consultation national international counterpart internal mission united nation country team unct priority ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction change cvr programme also ensure revised tar get meet basic resultsbased practice aligned within budgetary constraint informed highquality data collection monitoring systems.while cvr shall shorttomediumterm measure longerrange planning essential ensure linkage broader security rightsrelated gender develop ment priority ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction futurelooking priority \u2013 together potential actual bridge relevant un nonun agency \u2013 clearly articulated cvr strategy ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr programme project document highlight partnership facilitate sus tainability ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction longerterm potential cvr also noted mandate national ddr commission one exists equivalent body well relevant ternational national development framework ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction preparing end cvr early \u2013 including national government international donor representative planning process \u2013 essential smooth sustainable exit strategy.strategically embedding cvr national subnational development frame work may also generate positive effect ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr development activity tegrating cvr un sustainable development cooperation framework unsdcf and\/or national development strategy provide stronger impetus coordinated ad equately resourced activity ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction ddr practitioner therefore exposed national regional municipal development strategy pri orities ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction subnational level selected cvr project strongly aligned state municipal neighbourhood development pri orities possible ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction representation line ministry secretary department relevant planning coordination body strongly encouraged.a number different coordination mechanism may guide cvr project selection implementation monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction two possible mechanism high lighted ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction however alternate representative institution already exist village development committee could harnessed subject usual due diligence step taken ensure representative broader society.two commonly utilized cvr coordination mechanism n project selection committee pscs communitybased pscs established selected area include representative sample stakeholder responsi ble selecting project vetted pac\/prc see ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction project selection shall comply gender quota minimum 30 project bene fitting woman woman \u2019 involvement 30 leadership management position ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"\\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction n project approval\/review committee pac\/prc pac\/prc set strategic direction cvr vet approves project selected pscs ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction pac\/prc exhibit high degree clarity role function ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction entity meet semiregular basis usually certain number cvr project presented minimum week advance pac\/prc member consideration ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction pac\/prc may request change project proposal ask additional information provided ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction pac\/prc shall ensure proposal comply gender quotas.when two aforementioned coordination mechanism exist individual cvr project typically developed psc reviewed pac\/prc sent back psc revision signoff ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction pscs also proactively ensure alignment project activity actual planned regional municipal plan priority ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction shorttomediumterm focus paramount cvr project directly indirectly stimulate development dividend alongside violence reduc tion favourably considered.pscs equivalent body may conduct number different task identifying prospective partner developing project communicating tender process vetting project submission monitoring beneficiary performance quality control troubleshooting problem arise ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction pscs typically composed local community member local leader ensure representation minority group woman youth ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction subnational government privatesector civil society representative may also included may representative armed group ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction pscs meet regular prescribed basis serve primary interlocutor un mission mission setting unct nonmission setting relevant refugee setting humanitarian country team hct ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction representative ddr\/cvr section mission setting unct nonmission setting practical appropriate participate psc.pac\/prcs equivalent body often responsible reviewing approv ing cvr project submission asking changes\/further information psc necessary ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction pac\/prcs may composed senior representative dsrsg mission setting senior representative unct nonmission set ting alongside government official representative relevant un en tities.these two aforementioned coordination entity intended properly vet pro ject partner ensure high degree quality control project execution ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction case standard operating procedure sop shall developed help clarify overall goal structure approach cvr particularly nature pac\/prcs pscs target group criterion project ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.1 CVR strategy and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strate- gic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets.CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised tar- gets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems.While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and develop- ment priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sus- tainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant in- ternational and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy.Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frame- works may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, in- tegrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and\/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and ad- equately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and pri- orities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development pri- orities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged.A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are high- lighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society.Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: \\n Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsi- ble for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC\/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects bene- fitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. \\n A Project Approval\/Review Committee (PAC\/PRC): A PAC\/PRC sets the over- all strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC\/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC\/PRC members for consideration. The PAC\/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC\/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC\/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduc- tion) should be favourably considered.PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR\/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC.PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approv- ing CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes\/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC\/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission set- tings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN en- tities.These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet pro- ject partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC\/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":256, "Sentence":"These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and up- dated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction sop shall regularly adapted dated line reality ground priority mission unct nonmission setting ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If the priority is for rapid delivery or if local government and non-government capaci- ties are weak, then agreed-upon CVR responses should be administered directly by the UN. However, the UN may also work indirectly, by supporting local partners.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":257, "Sentence":"If the priority is for rapid delivery or if local government and non-government capaci- ties are weak, then agreed-upon CVR responses should be administered directly by the UN.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction priority rapid delivery local government nongovernment capaci tie weak agreedupon cvr response administered directly un ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If the priority is for rapid delivery or if local government and non-government capaci- ties are weak, then agreed-upon CVR responses should be administered directly by the UN. However, the UN may also work indirectly, by supporting local partners.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":257, "Sentence":"However, the UN may also work indirectly, by supporting local partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction however un may also work indirectly supporting local partner ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC. In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":258, "Sentence":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction mission setting cvr may explicitly mandated un security council and\/ general assembly resolution ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC. In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":258, "Sentence":"CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr therefore funded allocation assessed contributions.the unsc unga directive cvr often general specific pro gramming detail worked relevant un entity partnership host government ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC. In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":258, "Sentence":"In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction mission setting ddr\/cvr section align cvr stra tegic goal activity mandate national ddr commission one exists equivalent governmentdesignated body ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC. In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":258, "Sentence":"The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction national ddr commission typically includes representative executive armed force police relevant line ministry department solicited provide direct input cvr planning programming ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC. In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":258, "Sentence":"In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction case government capacity volition exist national ddr commission may manage resource cvr setting target managing tendering local partner administering financial oversight donor partner ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC. In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":258, "Sentence":"In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction case un mission shall play supportive role.where cvr administered directly un context peace support operation political mission ddr\/cvr section shall responsible design development coordination oversight cvr conjunction senior represent atives mission ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC. In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":258, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction ddr practitioner shall regular contact representative unct well international national partner ensure alignment pro gramming goal leverage strength capacity relevant un agency avoid duplication ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC. In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":258, "Sentence":"Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction community outreach engagement shall pursued nurtured national regional municipal neighbourhood scale.the ddr\/cvr section typically include senior midlevel ddr officer ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC. In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":258, "Sentence":"Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction depending budget allocated cvr personnel may range director deputy director level field staff volunteer officer ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC. In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":258, "Sentence":"A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction dedicated ddr\/cvr team include selection international national staff forming unit headquarters hq well small implementation team forward operating base fob level ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC. In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":258, "Sentence":"It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction important ddr practitioner directly involved ddr strategy development decisionmaking hq ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC. In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":258, "Sentence":"Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction likewise regular com munication ddr field personnel crucial share experience identify best practice understand wider political economic dynamic ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC. In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":258, "Sentence":"The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction un dsrsg shall establish ddr\/cvr working group equivalent body ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC. In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":258, "Sentence":"The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction working group cochaired lead agency due consideration gender equality youth child protection support person disabilities.the ddr\/cvr section particularly field office could create psc pac\/prc ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC. In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":258, "Sentence":"In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction event pac\/prc equivalent body liaise unct partner align stability priority wider development concern ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC. In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":258, "Sentence":"It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction may appro priate add additional support mechanism oversee support project partner ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC. In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":258, "Sentence":"This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction additional support mechanism could made member ddr\/cvr section could conduct variety task including limited support development project proposal support finalization project submission identification possible implementing partner able work hotspot sites.whichever approach adopted ddr\/cvr section ensure transparent predictable coordination national institution within mission unct ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC. In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":258, "Sentence":"Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction appropriate ddr\/cvr section may provide supplementary training implementing partner selected programming area ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and\/ or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions.The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific pro- gramming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR\/CVR section should align CVR stra- tegic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role.Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR\/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior represent- atives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of pro- gramming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale.The DDR\/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR\/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular com- munication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.The DDR\/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC\/PRC. In this event, the PAC\/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appro- priate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR\/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites.Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR\/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR\/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":258, "Sentence":"The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction success failure cvr depends large part quality partner partnership critical properly vetted ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.2 Non-mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In non-mission settings, the UNCT will generally undertake joint assessments in response to an official request from the host government, regional bodies and\/or the UN Resident Coordinator (RC). These official requests will typically ask for assistance to address particular issues. If the issue concerns armed groups and their active and former members, CVR as a DDR-related tool may be an appropriate response. However, it is important to note that in non-mission settings, there may already be instances where community-based programming at local levels is used, but not as a DDR-related tool. These latter types of responses are anchored under Agenda 2030 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), and have links to much broader issues of rule of law, community security, crime reduction, armed vio- lence reduction and small arms control. If there is no link to active or former members of armed groups, then these types of activities typically fall outside the scope of a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).In non-mission settings where there has been agreement that CVR as a DDR- related tool is the most appropriate response to the presence of armed groups, the UN RC shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.In non-mission settings there may not always be a National DDR Commission to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. However, alternative interlocutors should be sought \u2013 including relevant line ministries and departments \u2013 in order to ensure that the broad strategic direction of the CVR programme is aligned with relevant national and regional stabilization objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":259, "Sentence":"In non-mission settings, the UNCT will generally undertake joint assessments in response to an official request from the host government, regional bodies and\/or the UN Resident Coordinator (RC).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction nonmission setting unct generally undertake joint assessment response official request host government regional body and\/or un resident coordinator rc ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.2 Non-mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In non-mission settings, the UNCT will generally undertake joint assessments in response to an official request from the host government, regional bodies and\/or the UN Resident Coordinator (RC). These official requests will typically ask for assistance to address particular issues. If the issue concerns armed groups and their active and former members, CVR as a DDR-related tool may be an appropriate response. However, it is important to note that in non-mission settings, there may already be instances where community-based programming at local levels is used, but not as a DDR-related tool. These latter types of responses are anchored under Agenda 2030 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), and have links to much broader issues of rule of law, community security, crime reduction, armed vio- lence reduction and small arms control. If there is no link to active or former members of armed groups, then these types of activities typically fall outside the scope of a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).In non-mission settings where there has been agreement that CVR as a DDR- related tool is the most appropriate response to the presence of armed groups, the UN RC shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.In non-mission settings there may not always be a National DDR Commission to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. However, alternative interlocutors should be sought \u2013 including relevant line ministries and departments \u2013 in order to ensure that the broad strategic direction of the CVR programme is aligned with relevant national and regional stabilization objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":259, "Sentence":"These official requests will typically ask for assistance to address particular issues.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction official request typically ask assistance address particular issue ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.2 Non-mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In non-mission settings, the UNCT will generally undertake joint assessments in response to an official request from the host government, regional bodies and\/or the UN Resident Coordinator (RC). These official requests will typically ask for assistance to address particular issues. If the issue concerns armed groups and their active and former members, CVR as a DDR-related tool may be an appropriate response. However, it is important to note that in non-mission settings, there may already be instances where community-based programming at local levels is used, but not as a DDR-related tool. These latter types of responses are anchored under Agenda 2030 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), and have links to much broader issues of rule of law, community security, crime reduction, armed vio- lence reduction and small arms control. If there is no link to active or former members of armed groups, then these types of activities typically fall outside the scope of a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).In non-mission settings where there has been agreement that CVR as a DDR- related tool is the most appropriate response to the presence of armed groups, the UN RC shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.In non-mission settings there may not always be a National DDR Commission to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. However, alternative interlocutors should be sought \u2013 including relevant line ministries and departments \u2013 in order to ensure that the broad strategic direction of the CVR programme is aligned with relevant national and regional stabilization objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":259, "Sentence":"If the issue concerns armed groups and their active and former members, CVR as a DDR-related tool may be an appropriate response.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction issue concern armed group active former member cvr ddrrelated tool may appropriate response ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.2 Non-mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In non-mission settings, the UNCT will generally undertake joint assessments in response to an official request from the host government, regional bodies and\/or the UN Resident Coordinator (RC). These official requests will typically ask for assistance to address particular issues. If the issue concerns armed groups and their active and former members, CVR as a DDR-related tool may be an appropriate response. However, it is important to note that in non-mission settings, there may already be instances where community-based programming at local levels is used, but not as a DDR-related tool. These latter types of responses are anchored under Agenda 2030 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), and have links to much broader issues of rule of law, community security, crime reduction, armed vio- lence reduction and small arms control. If there is no link to active or former members of armed groups, then these types of activities typically fall outside the scope of a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).In non-mission settings where there has been agreement that CVR as a DDR- related tool is the most appropriate response to the presence of armed groups, the UN RC shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.In non-mission settings there may not always be a National DDR Commission to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. However, alternative interlocutors should be sought \u2013 including relevant line ministries and departments \u2013 in order to ensure that the broad strategic direction of the CVR programme is aligned with relevant national and regional stabilization objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":259, "Sentence":"However, it is important to note that in non-mission settings, there may already be instances where community-based programming at local levels is used, but not as a DDR-related tool.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction however important note nonmission setting may already instance communitybased programming local level used ddrrelated tool ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.2 Non-mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In non-mission settings, the UNCT will generally undertake joint assessments in response to an official request from the host government, regional bodies and\/or the UN Resident Coordinator (RC). These official requests will typically ask for assistance to address particular issues. If the issue concerns armed groups and their active and former members, CVR as a DDR-related tool may be an appropriate response. However, it is important to note that in non-mission settings, there may already be instances where community-based programming at local levels is used, but not as a DDR-related tool. These latter types of responses are anchored under Agenda 2030 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), and have links to much broader issues of rule of law, community security, crime reduction, armed vio- lence reduction and small arms control. If there is no link to active or former members of armed groups, then these types of activities typically fall outside the scope of a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).In non-mission settings where there has been agreement that CVR as a DDR- related tool is the most appropriate response to the presence of armed groups, the UN RC shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.In non-mission settings there may not always be a National DDR Commission to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. However, alternative interlocutors should be sought \u2013 including relevant line ministries and departments \u2013 in order to ensure that the broad strategic direction of the CVR programme is aligned with relevant national and regional stabilization objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":259, "Sentence":"These latter types of responses are anchored under Agenda 2030 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), and have links to much broader issues of rule of law, community security, crime reduction, armed vio- lence reduction and small arms control.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction latter type response anchored agenda 2030 united nation sustainable development cooperation framework unsdcf link much broader issue rule law community security crime reduction armed vio lence reduction small arm control ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.2 Non-mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In non-mission settings, the UNCT will generally undertake joint assessments in response to an official request from the host government, regional bodies and\/or the UN Resident Coordinator (RC). These official requests will typically ask for assistance to address particular issues. If the issue concerns armed groups and their active and former members, CVR as a DDR-related tool may be an appropriate response. However, it is important to note that in non-mission settings, there may already be instances where community-based programming at local levels is used, but not as a DDR-related tool. These latter types of responses are anchored under Agenda 2030 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), and have links to much broader issues of rule of law, community security, crime reduction, armed vio- lence reduction and small arms control. If there is no link to active or former members of armed groups, then these types of activities typically fall outside the scope of a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).In non-mission settings where there has been agreement that CVR as a DDR- related tool is the most appropriate response to the presence of armed groups, the UN RC shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.In non-mission settings there may not always be a National DDR Commission to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. However, alternative interlocutors should be sought \u2013 including relevant line ministries and departments \u2013 in order to ensure that the broad strategic direction of the CVR programme is aligned with relevant national and regional stabilization objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":259, "Sentence":"If there is no link to active or former members of armed groups, then these types of activities typically fall outside the scope of a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).In non-mission settings where there has been agreement that CVR as a DDR- related tool is the most appropriate response to the presence of armed groups, the UN RC shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction link active former member armed group type activity typically fall outside scope ddr process see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr.in nonmission setting agreement cvr ddr related tool appropriate response presence armed group un rc shall establish ddr\/cvr working group equivalent body ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.2 Non-mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In non-mission settings, the UNCT will generally undertake joint assessments in response to an official request from the host government, regional bodies and\/or the UN Resident Coordinator (RC). These official requests will typically ask for assistance to address particular issues. If the issue concerns armed groups and their active and former members, CVR as a DDR-related tool may be an appropriate response. However, it is important to note that in non-mission settings, there may already be instances where community-based programming at local levels is used, but not as a DDR-related tool. These latter types of responses are anchored under Agenda 2030 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), and have links to much broader issues of rule of law, community security, crime reduction, armed vio- lence reduction and small arms control. If there is no link to active or former members of armed groups, then these types of activities typically fall outside the scope of a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).In non-mission settings where there has been agreement that CVR as a DDR- related tool is the most appropriate response to the presence of armed groups, the UN RC shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.In non-mission settings there may not always be a National DDR Commission to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. However, alternative interlocutors should be sought \u2013 including relevant line ministries and departments \u2013 in order to ensure that the broad strategic direction of the CVR programme is aligned with relevant national and regional stabilization objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":259, "Sentence":"The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.In non-mission settings there may not always be a National DDR Commission to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction working group cochaired lead agency due consideration gender equality youth child protection support person disabilities.in nonmission setting may always national ddr commission provide direct input cvr planning programming ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.2 CVR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading3":"6.2.2 Non-mission settings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In non-mission settings, the UNCT will generally undertake joint assessments in response to an official request from the host government, regional bodies and\/or the UN Resident Coordinator (RC). These official requests will typically ask for assistance to address particular issues. If the issue concerns armed groups and their active and former members, CVR as a DDR-related tool may be an appropriate response. However, it is important to note that in non-mission settings, there may already be instances where community-based programming at local levels is used, but not as a DDR-related tool. These latter types of responses are anchored under Agenda 2030 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), and have links to much broader issues of rule of law, community security, crime reduction, armed vio- lence reduction and small arms control. If there is no link to active or former members of armed groups, then these types of activities typically fall outside the scope of a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).In non-mission settings where there has been agreement that CVR as a DDR- related tool is the most appropriate response to the presence of armed groups, the UN RC shall establish a DDR\/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.In non-mission settings there may not always be a National DDR Commission to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. However, alternative interlocutors should be sought \u2013 including relevant line ministries and departments \u2013 in order to ensure that the broad strategic direction of the CVR programme is aligned with relevant national and regional stabilization objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":259, "Sentence":"However, alternative interlocutors should be sought \u2013 including relevant line ministries and departments \u2013 in order to ensure that the broad strategic direction of the CVR programme is aligned with relevant national and regional stabilization objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction however alternative interlocutor sought \u2013 including relevant line ministry department \u2013 order ensure broad strategic direction cvr programme aligned relevant national regional stabilization objective ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.3 Assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission contexts, CVR programmes shall be preceded by regularly updated assessments, including but not limited to: \\n A security and consequence assessment accounting for the costs and benefits of conducting selected activities (and the risks of not conducting them). \\n A comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics. This assessment should take note of factors that may contribute to violence (e.g., harmful use of alcohol and drugs) as well as the impact that vio- lence can have on mental health and well-being (e.g., acute stress, grief, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). It should also explicitly unpack the threats to security for men, women, boys and girls, and analyse the root causes of violence and insecurity, including their gender dimensions. \\n Conflict context analysis. \\n A detailed stakeholder mapping and a diagnostic of the capacities, interests and cohesiveness of communities and national institutions. \\n An assessment of local market conditions. \\n The dynamics of eligible and non-eligible armed groups \u2013 their leadership, internal dynamics, command and control, linkages with elites and external support.Importantly, the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes that should be anticipated and accounted for in conflict assessments. While information supplied by security and intelligence units is essential, there is no substitute for grounded diagnostics and mapping by UN field offices, implementing partners and third-party researchers. Assessments can be cross-sectional or ongoing, and should be conducted by national or international experts in partnership with UNCT. Assessments should identify prospective beneficiary groups; assess govern- ment, private and civil society capacities; and review the causes and consequences of organized and interpersonal violence. These assessments are critical for the design of project proposals, setting appropriate benchmarks, and monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":260, "Sentence":"In both mission and non-mission contexts, CVR programmes shall be preceded by regularly updated assessments, including but not limited to: \\n A security and consequence assessment accounting for the costs and benefits of conducting selected activities (and the risks of not conducting them).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction mission nonmission context cvr programme shall preceded regularly updated assessment including limited n security consequence assessment accounting cost benefit conducting selected activity risk conducting ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.3 Assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission contexts, CVR programmes shall be preceded by regularly updated assessments, including but not limited to: \\n A security and consequence assessment accounting for the costs and benefits of conducting selected activities (and the risks of not conducting them). \\n A comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics. This assessment should take note of factors that may contribute to violence (e.g., harmful use of alcohol and drugs) as well as the impact that vio- lence can have on mental health and well-being (e.g., acute stress, grief, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). It should also explicitly unpack the threats to security for men, women, boys and girls, and analyse the root causes of violence and insecurity, including their gender dimensions. \\n Conflict context analysis. \\n A detailed stakeholder mapping and a diagnostic of the capacities, interests and cohesiveness of communities and national institutions. \\n An assessment of local market conditions. \\n The dynamics of eligible and non-eligible armed groups \u2013 their leadership, internal dynamics, command and control, linkages with elites and external support.Importantly, the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes that should be anticipated and accounted for in conflict assessments. While information supplied by security and intelligence units is essential, there is no substitute for grounded diagnostics and mapping by UN field offices, implementing partners and third-party researchers. Assessments can be cross-sectional or ongoing, and should be conducted by national or international experts in partnership with UNCT. Assessments should identify prospective beneficiary groups; assess govern- ment, private and civil society capacities; and review the causes and consequences of organized and interpersonal violence. These assessments are critical for the design of project proposals, setting appropriate benchmarks, and monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":260, "Sentence":"\\n A comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction n comprehensive genderresponsive baseline assessment local violence dynamic ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.3 Assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission contexts, CVR programmes shall be preceded by regularly updated assessments, including but not limited to: \\n A security and consequence assessment accounting for the costs and benefits of conducting selected activities (and the risks of not conducting them). \\n A comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics. This assessment should take note of factors that may contribute to violence (e.g., harmful use of alcohol and drugs) as well as the impact that vio- lence can have on mental health and well-being (e.g., acute stress, grief, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). It should also explicitly unpack the threats to security for men, women, boys and girls, and analyse the root causes of violence and insecurity, including their gender dimensions. \\n Conflict context analysis. \\n A detailed stakeholder mapping and a diagnostic of the capacities, interests and cohesiveness of communities and national institutions. \\n An assessment of local market conditions. \\n The dynamics of eligible and non-eligible armed groups \u2013 their leadership, internal dynamics, command and control, linkages with elites and external support.Importantly, the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes that should be anticipated and accounted for in conflict assessments. While information supplied by security and intelligence units is essential, there is no substitute for grounded diagnostics and mapping by UN field offices, implementing partners and third-party researchers. Assessments can be cross-sectional or ongoing, and should be conducted by national or international experts in partnership with UNCT. Assessments should identify prospective beneficiary groups; assess govern- ment, private and civil society capacities; and review the causes and consequences of organized and interpersonal violence. These assessments are critical for the design of project proposals, setting appropriate benchmarks, and monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":260, "Sentence":"This assessment should take note of factors that may contribute to violence (e.g., harmful use of alcohol and drugs) as well as the impact that vio- lence can have on mental health and well-being (e.g., acute stress, grief, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction assessment take note factor may contribute violence e.g . harmful use alcohol drug well impact vio lence mental health wellbeing e.g . acute stress grief depression post traumatic stress disorder ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.3 Assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission contexts, CVR programmes shall be preceded by regularly updated assessments, including but not limited to: \\n A security and consequence assessment accounting for the costs and benefits of conducting selected activities (and the risks of not conducting them). \\n A comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics. This assessment should take note of factors that may contribute to violence (e.g., harmful use of alcohol and drugs) as well as the impact that vio- lence can have on mental health and well-being (e.g., acute stress, grief, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). It should also explicitly unpack the threats to security for men, women, boys and girls, and analyse the root causes of violence and insecurity, including their gender dimensions. \\n Conflict context analysis. \\n A detailed stakeholder mapping and a diagnostic of the capacities, interests and cohesiveness of communities and national institutions. \\n An assessment of local market conditions. \\n The dynamics of eligible and non-eligible armed groups \u2013 their leadership, internal dynamics, command and control, linkages with elites and external support.Importantly, the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes that should be anticipated and accounted for in conflict assessments. While information supplied by security and intelligence units is essential, there is no substitute for grounded diagnostics and mapping by UN field offices, implementing partners and third-party researchers. Assessments can be cross-sectional or ongoing, and should be conducted by national or international experts in partnership with UNCT. Assessments should identify prospective beneficiary groups; assess govern- ment, private and civil society capacities; and review the causes and consequences of organized and interpersonal violence. These assessments are critical for the design of project proposals, setting appropriate benchmarks, and monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":260, "Sentence":"It should also explicitly unpack the threats to security for men, women, boys and girls, and analyse the root causes of violence and insecurity, including their gender dimensions.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction also explicitly unpack threat security men woman boy girl analyse root cause violence insecurity including gender dimension ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.3 Assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission contexts, CVR programmes shall be preceded by regularly updated assessments, including but not limited to: \\n A security and consequence assessment accounting for the costs and benefits of conducting selected activities (and the risks of not conducting them). \\n A comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics. This assessment should take note of factors that may contribute to violence (e.g., harmful use of alcohol and drugs) as well as the impact that vio- lence can have on mental health and well-being (e.g., acute stress, grief, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). It should also explicitly unpack the threats to security for men, women, boys and girls, and analyse the root causes of violence and insecurity, including their gender dimensions. \\n Conflict context analysis. \\n A detailed stakeholder mapping and a diagnostic of the capacities, interests and cohesiveness of communities and national institutions. \\n An assessment of local market conditions. \\n The dynamics of eligible and non-eligible armed groups \u2013 their leadership, internal dynamics, command and control, linkages with elites and external support.Importantly, the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes that should be anticipated and accounted for in conflict assessments. While information supplied by security and intelligence units is essential, there is no substitute for grounded diagnostics and mapping by UN field offices, implementing partners and third-party researchers. Assessments can be cross-sectional or ongoing, and should be conducted by national or international experts in partnership with UNCT. Assessments should identify prospective beneficiary groups; assess govern- ment, private and civil society capacities; and review the causes and consequences of organized and interpersonal violence. These assessments are critical for the design of project proposals, setting appropriate benchmarks, and monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":260, "Sentence":"\\n Conflict context analysis.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction n conflict context analysis ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.3 Assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission contexts, CVR programmes shall be preceded by regularly updated assessments, including but not limited to: \\n A security and consequence assessment accounting for the costs and benefits of conducting selected activities (and the risks of not conducting them). \\n A comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics. This assessment should take note of factors that may contribute to violence (e.g., harmful use of alcohol and drugs) as well as the impact that vio- lence can have on mental health and well-being (e.g., acute stress, grief, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). It should also explicitly unpack the threats to security for men, women, boys and girls, and analyse the root causes of violence and insecurity, including their gender dimensions. \\n Conflict context analysis. \\n A detailed stakeholder mapping and a diagnostic of the capacities, interests and cohesiveness of communities and national institutions. \\n An assessment of local market conditions. \\n The dynamics of eligible and non-eligible armed groups \u2013 their leadership, internal dynamics, command and control, linkages with elites and external support.Importantly, the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes that should be anticipated and accounted for in conflict assessments. While information supplied by security and intelligence units is essential, there is no substitute for grounded diagnostics and mapping by UN field offices, implementing partners and third-party researchers. Assessments can be cross-sectional or ongoing, and should be conducted by national or international experts in partnership with UNCT. Assessments should identify prospective beneficiary groups; assess govern- ment, private and civil society capacities; and review the causes and consequences of organized and interpersonal violence. These assessments are critical for the design of project proposals, setting appropriate benchmarks, and monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":260, "Sentence":"\\n A detailed stakeholder mapping and a diagnostic of the capacities, interests and cohesiveness of communities and national institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction n detailed stakeholder mapping diagnostic capacity interest cohesiveness community national institution ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.3 Assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission contexts, CVR programmes shall be preceded by regularly updated assessments, including but not limited to: \\n A security and consequence assessment accounting for the costs and benefits of conducting selected activities (and the risks of not conducting them). \\n A comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics. This assessment should take note of factors that may contribute to violence (e.g., harmful use of alcohol and drugs) as well as the impact that vio- lence can have on mental health and well-being (e.g., acute stress, grief, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). It should also explicitly unpack the threats to security for men, women, boys and girls, and analyse the root causes of violence and insecurity, including their gender dimensions. \\n Conflict context analysis. \\n A detailed stakeholder mapping and a diagnostic of the capacities, interests and cohesiveness of communities and national institutions. \\n An assessment of local market conditions. \\n The dynamics of eligible and non-eligible armed groups \u2013 their leadership, internal dynamics, command and control, linkages with elites and external support.Importantly, the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes that should be anticipated and accounted for in conflict assessments. While information supplied by security and intelligence units is essential, there is no substitute for grounded diagnostics and mapping by UN field offices, implementing partners and third-party researchers. Assessments can be cross-sectional or ongoing, and should be conducted by national or international experts in partnership with UNCT. Assessments should identify prospective beneficiary groups; assess govern- ment, private and civil society capacities; and review the causes and consequences of organized and interpersonal violence. These assessments are critical for the design of project proposals, setting appropriate benchmarks, and monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":260, "Sentence":"\\n An assessment of local market conditions.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction n assessment local market condition ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.3 Assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission contexts, CVR programmes shall be preceded by regularly updated assessments, including but not limited to: \\n A security and consequence assessment accounting for the costs and benefits of conducting selected activities (and the risks of not conducting them). \\n A comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics. This assessment should take note of factors that may contribute to violence (e.g., harmful use of alcohol and drugs) as well as the impact that vio- lence can have on mental health and well-being (e.g., acute stress, grief, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). It should also explicitly unpack the threats to security for men, women, boys and girls, and analyse the root causes of violence and insecurity, including their gender dimensions. \\n Conflict context analysis. \\n A detailed stakeholder mapping and a diagnostic of the capacities, interests and cohesiveness of communities and national institutions. \\n An assessment of local market conditions. \\n The dynamics of eligible and non-eligible armed groups \u2013 their leadership, internal dynamics, command and control, linkages with elites and external support.Importantly, the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes that should be anticipated and accounted for in conflict assessments. While information supplied by security and intelligence units is essential, there is no substitute for grounded diagnostics and mapping by UN field offices, implementing partners and third-party researchers. Assessments can be cross-sectional or ongoing, and should be conducted by national or international experts in partnership with UNCT. Assessments should identify prospective beneficiary groups; assess govern- ment, private and civil society capacities; and review the causes and consequences of organized and interpersonal violence. These assessments are critical for the design of project proposals, setting appropriate benchmarks, and monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":260, "Sentence":"\\n The dynamics of eligible and non-eligible armed groups \u2013 their leadership, internal dynamics, command and control, linkages with elites and external support.Importantly, the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes that should be anticipated and accounted for in conflict assessments.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction n dynamic eligible noneligible armed group \u2013 leadership internal dynamic command control linkage elite external support.importantly privileging geographic area cvr others may result dispute anticipated accounted conflict assessment ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.3 Assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission contexts, CVR programmes shall be preceded by regularly updated assessments, including but not limited to: \\n A security and consequence assessment accounting for the costs and benefits of conducting selected activities (and the risks of not conducting them). \\n A comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics. This assessment should take note of factors that may contribute to violence (e.g., harmful use of alcohol and drugs) as well as the impact that vio- lence can have on mental health and well-being (e.g., acute stress, grief, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). It should also explicitly unpack the threats to security for men, women, boys and girls, and analyse the root causes of violence and insecurity, including their gender dimensions. \\n Conflict context analysis. \\n A detailed stakeholder mapping and a diagnostic of the capacities, interests and cohesiveness of communities and national institutions. \\n An assessment of local market conditions. \\n The dynamics of eligible and non-eligible armed groups \u2013 their leadership, internal dynamics, command and control, linkages with elites and external support.Importantly, the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes that should be anticipated and accounted for in conflict assessments. While information supplied by security and intelligence units is essential, there is no substitute for grounded diagnostics and mapping by UN field offices, implementing partners and third-party researchers. Assessments can be cross-sectional or ongoing, and should be conducted by national or international experts in partnership with UNCT. Assessments should identify prospective beneficiary groups; assess govern- ment, private and civil society capacities; and review the causes and consequences of organized and interpersonal violence. These assessments are critical for the design of project proposals, setting appropriate benchmarks, and monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":260, "Sentence":"While information supplied by security and intelligence units is essential, there is no substitute for grounded diagnostics and mapping by UN field offices, implementing partners and third-party researchers.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction information supplied security intelligence unit essential substitute grounded diagnostics mapping un field office implementing partner thirdparty researcher ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.3 Assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission contexts, CVR programmes shall be preceded by regularly updated assessments, including but not limited to: \\n A security and consequence assessment accounting for the costs and benefits of conducting selected activities (and the risks of not conducting them). \\n A comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics. This assessment should take note of factors that may contribute to violence (e.g., harmful use of alcohol and drugs) as well as the impact that vio- lence can have on mental health and well-being (e.g., acute stress, grief, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). It should also explicitly unpack the threats to security for men, women, boys and girls, and analyse the root causes of violence and insecurity, including their gender dimensions. \\n Conflict context analysis. \\n A detailed stakeholder mapping and a diagnostic of the capacities, interests and cohesiveness of communities and national institutions. \\n An assessment of local market conditions. \\n The dynamics of eligible and non-eligible armed groups \u2013 their leadership, internal dynamics, command and control, linkages with elites and external support.Importantly, the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes that should be anticipated and accounted for in conflict assessments. While information supplied by security and intelligence units is essential, there is no substitute for grounded diagnostics and mapping by UN field offices, implementing partners and third-party researchers. Assessments can be cross-sectional or ongoing, and should be conducted by national or international experts in partnership with UNCT. Assessments should identify prospective beneficiary groups; assess govern- ment, private and civil society capacities; and review the causes and consequences of organized and interpersonal violence. These assessments are critical for the design of project proposals, setting appropriate benchmarks, and monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":260, "Sentence":"Assessments can be cross-sectional or ongoing, and should be conducted by national or international experts in partnership with UNCT.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction assessment crosssectional ongoing conducted national international expert partnership unct ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.3 Assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission contexts, CVR programmes shall be preceded by regularly updated assessments, including but not limited to: \\n A security and consequence assessment accounting for the costs and benefits of conducting selected activities (and the risks of not conducting them). \\n A comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics. This assessment should take note of factors that may contribute to violence (e.g., harmful use of alcohol and drugs) as well as the impact that vio- lence can have on mental health and well-being (e.g., acute stress, grief, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). It should also explicitly unpack the threats to security for men, women, boys and girls, and analyse the root causes of violence and insecurity, including their gender dimensions. \\n Conflict context analysis. \\n A detailed stakeholder mapping and a diagnostic of the capacities, interests and cohesiveness of communities and national institutions. \\n An assessment of local market conditions. \\n The dynamics of eligible and non-eligible armed groups \u2013 their leadership, internal dynamics, command and control, linkages with elites and external support.Importantly, the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes that should be anticipated and accounted for in conflict assessments. While information supplied by security and intelligence units is essential, there is no substitute for grounded diagnostics and mapping by UN field offices, implementing partners and third-party researchers. Assessments can be cross-sectional or ongoing, and should be conducted by national or international experts in partnership with UNCT. Assessments should identify prospective beneficiary groups; assess govern- ment, private and civil society capacities; and review the causes and consequences of organized and interpersonal violence. These assessments are critical for the design of project proposals, setting appropriate benchmarks, and monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":260, "Sentence":"Assessments should identify prospective beneficiary groups; assess govern- ment, private and civil society capacities; and review the causes and consequences of organized and interpersonal violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction assessment identify prospective beneficiary group ass govern ment private civil society capacity review cause consequence organized interpersonal violence ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.3 Assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission contexts, CVR programmes shall be preceded by regularly updated assessments, including but not limited to: \\n A security and consequence assessment accounting for the costs and benefits of conducting selected activities (and the risks of not conducting them). \\n A comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics. This assessment should take note of factors that may contribute to violence (e.g., harmful use of alcohol and drugs) as well as the impact that vio- lence can have on mental health and well-being (e.g., acute stress, grief, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). It should also explicitly unpack the threats to security for men, women, boys and girls, and analyse the root causes of violence and insecurity, including their gender dimensions. \\n Conflict context analysis. \\n A detailed stakeholder mapping and a diagnostic of the capacities, interests and cohesiveness of communities and national institutions. \\n An assessment of local market conditions. \\n The dynamics of eligible and non-eligible armed groups \u2013 their leadership, internal dynamics, command and control, linkages with elites and external support.Importantly, the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes that should be anticipated and accounted for in conflict assessments. While information supplied by security and intelligence units is essential, there is no substitute for grounded diagnostics and mapping by UN field offices, implementing partners and third-party researchers. Assessments can be cross-sectional or ongoing, and should be conducted by national or international experts in partnership with UNCT. Assessments should identify prospective beneficiary groups; assess govern- ment, private and civil society capacities; and review the causes and consequences of organized and interpersonal violence. These assessments are critical for the design of project proposals, setting appropriate benchmarks, and monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":260, "Sentence":"These assessments are critical for the design of project proposals, setting appropriate benchmarks, and monitoring and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction assessment critical design project proposal setting appropriate benchmark monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.4 Target groups and locations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The selection of CVR target groups and intervention sites is a political decision that should be taken on the basis of assessments (see section 6.3), and in consultation with national and\/or local government authorities. The identification of target groups and locations for CVR should also be informed through: \\n The priorities of the host government and, if in a mission context, the mandate of the mission; and \\n Consultations with UN senior management.DDR practitioners can, where appropriate, adopt broad categories for target groups that can be applied nationally. In some cases, the selection of target groups is made pragmatically based on a list prepared by a PSC (or equivalent body) and\/ or implementing partners. Prospective participants should be vetted locally according to pre-set eligibility criteria. For example, these eligibility criteria may require former affiliation to specific armed groups and\/or possession of modern or artisanal weapons (see section 4.2).Clear criteria for who is included and excluded from CVR programmes should be carefully communicated in order to avoid unnecessarily inflating expectations and generating tension. One means of doing this is to prepare a glossary with specific selection criteria that can be shared with implementing partners and PSCs. In all cases, DDR practitioners shall ensure that women and girls are adequately represented in the iden- tification of priorities and implementation strategies, by making sure that: \\n Assessments include separate focus group discussions for women, led by female facilitators. \\n Women\u2019s groups are engaged in the consultative process and as implementing partners. \\n The PAC\/PRC (or equivalent entity) is 30% female. \\n A minimum of 30% of CVR projects within the broader CVR programme directly benefit women\u2019s safety and security issues. \\n The entire CVR programme integrates and leverages opportunities for women\u2019s leadership and gender equality. \\n Staffing of CVR projects includes female employees.Additional target groups, assessed as having the potential to either amplify or undermine broader security and stability efforts in general, or DDR in particular, may be identified on a case-by-case basis. For example, CVR may be expanded to include newly displaced populations \u2013 refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) \u2013 that are at risk of mobilization into armed groups or that may unintentionally generate flashpoints for community violence. There may also be possibilities to extend CVR programmes to particular geographic areas and population groups susceptible to out- breaks of violence and\/or experiencing concentrated disadvantage. The flexibility to adapt CVR to target groups that may disrupt and impede the DDR process is critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":261, "Sentence":"The selection of CVR target groups and intervention sites is a political decision that should be taken on the basis of assessments (see section 6.3), and in consultation with national and\/or local government authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction selection cvr target group intervention site political decision taken basis assessment see section 6.3 consultation national and\/or local government authority ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.4 Target groups and locations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The selection of CVR target groups and intervention sites is a political decision that should be taken on the basis of assessments (see section 6.3), and in consultation with national and\/or local government authorities. The identification of target groups and locations for CVR should also be informed through: \\n The priorities of the host government and, if in a mission context, the mandate of the mission; and \\n Consultations with UN senior management.DDR practitioners can, where appropriate, adopt broad categories for target groups that can be applied nationally. In some cases, the selection of target groups is made pragmatically based on a list prepared by a PSC (or equivalent body) and\/ or implementing partners. Prospective participants should be vetted locally according to pre-set eligibility criteria. For example, these eligibility criteria may require former affiliation to specific armed groups and\/or possession of modern or artisanal weapons (see section 4.2).Clear criteria for who is included and excluded from CVR programmes should be carefully communicated in order to avoid unnecessarily inflating expectations and generating tension. One means of doing this is to prepare a glossary with specific selection criteria that can be shared with implementing partners and PSCs. In all cases, DDR practitioners shall ensure that women and girls are adequately represented in the iden- tification of priorities and implementation strategies, by making sure that: \\n Assessments include separate focus group discussions for women, led by female facilitators. \\n Women\u2019s groups are engaged in the consultative process and as implementing partners. \\n The PAC\/PRC (or equivalent entity) is 30% female. \\n A minimum of 30% of CVR projects within the broader CVR programme directly benefit women\u2019s safety and security issues. \\n The entire CVR programme integrates and leverages opportunities for women\u2019s leadership and gender equality. \\n Staffing of CVR projects includes female employees.Additional target groups, assessed as having the potential to either amplify or undermine broader security and stability efforts in general, or DDR in particular, may be identified on a case-by-case basis. For example, CVR may be expanded to include newly displaced populations \u2013 refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) \u2013 that are at risk of mobilization into armed groups or that may unintentionally generate flashpoints for community violence. There may also be possibilities to extend CVR programmes to particular geographic areas and population groups susceptible to out- breaks of violence and\/or experiencing concentrated disadvantage. The flexibility to adapt CVR to target groups that may disrupt and impede the DDR process is critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":261, "Sentence":"The identification of target groups and locations for CVR should also be informed through: \\n The priorities of the host government and, if in a mission context, the mandate of the mission; and \\n Consultations with UN senior management.DDR practitioners can, where appropriate, adopt broad categories for target groups that can be applied nationally.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction identification target group location cvr also informed n priority host government mission context mandate mission n consultation un senior management.ddr practitioner appropriate adopt broad category target group applied nationally ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.4 Target groups and locations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The selection of CVR target groups and intervention sites is a political decision that should be taken on the basis of assessments (see section 6.3), and in consultation with national and\/or local government authorities. The identification of target groups and locations for CVR should also be informed through: \\n The priorities of the host government and, if in a mission context, the mandate of the mission; and \\n Consultations with UN senior management.DDR practitioners can, where appropriate, adopt broad categories for target groups that can be applied nationally. In some cases, the selection of target groups is made pragmatically based on a list prepared by a PSC (or equivalent body) and\/ or implementing partners. Prospective participants should be vetted locally according to pre-set eligibility criteria. For example, these eligibility criteria may require former affiliation to specific armed groups and\/or possession of modern or artisanal weapons (see section 4.2).Clear criteria for who is included and excluded from CVR programmes should be carefully communicated in order to avoid unnecessarily inflating expectations and generating tension. One means of doing this is to prepare a glossary with specific selection criteria that can be shared with implementing partners and PSCs. In all cases, DDR practitioners shall ensure that women and girls are adequately represented in the iden- tification of priorities and implementation strategies, by making sure that: \\n Assessments include separate focus group discussions for women, led by female facilitators. \\n Women\u2019s groups are engaged in the consultative process and as implementing partners. \\n The PAC\/PRC (or equivalent entity) is 30% female. \\n A minimum of 30% of CVR projects within the broader CVR programme directly benefit women\u2019s safety and security issues. \\n The entire CVR programme integrates and leverages opportunities for women\u2019s leadership and gender equality. \\n Staffing of CVR projects includes female employees.Additional target groups, assessed as having the potential to either amplify or undermine broader security and stability efforts in general, or DDR in particular, may be identified on a case-by-case basis. For example, CVR may be expanded to include newly displaced populations \u2013 refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) \u2013 that are at risk of mobilization into armed groups or that may unintentionally generate flashpoints for community violence. There may also be possibilities to extend CVR programmes to particular geographic areas and population groups susceptible to out- breaks of violence and\/or experiencing concentrated disadvantage. The flexibility to adapt CVR to target groups that may disrupt and impede the DDR process is critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":261, "Sentence":"In some cases, the selection of target groups is made pragmatically based on a list prepared by a PSC (or equivalent body) and\/ or implementing partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction case selection target group made pragmatically based list prepared psc equivalent body and\/ implementing partner ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.4 Target groups and locations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The selection of CVR target groups and intervention sites is a political decision that should be taken on the basis of assessments (see section 6.3), and in consultation with national and\/or local government authorities. The identification of target groups and locations for CVR should also be informed through: \\n The priorities of the host government and, if in a mission context, the mandate of the mission; and \\n Consultations with UN senior management.DDR practitioners can, where appropriate, adopt broad categories for target groups that can be applied nationally. In some cases, the selection of target groups is made pragmatically based on a list prepared by a PSC (or equivalent body) and\/ or implementing partners. Prospective participants should be vetted locally according to pre-set eligibility criteria. For example, these eligibility criteria may require former affiliation to specific armed groups and\/or possession of modern or artisanal weapons (see section 4.2).Clear criteria for who is included and excluded from CVR programmes should be carefully communicated in order to avoid unnecessarily inflating expectations and generating tension. One means of doing this is to prepare a glossary with specific selection criteria that can be shared with implementing partners and PSCs. In all cases, DDR practitioners shall ensure that women and girls are adequately represented in the iden- tification of priorities and implementation strategies, by making sure that: \\n Assessments include separate focus group discussions for women, led by female facilitators. \\n Women\u2019s groups are engaged in the consultative process and as implementing partners. \\n The PAC\/PRC (or equivalent entity) is 30% female. \\n A minimum of 30% of CVR projects within the broader CVR programme directly benefit women\u2019s safety and security issues. \\n The entire CVR programme integrates and leverages opportunities for women\u2019s leadership and gender equality. \\n Staffing of CVR projects includes female employees.Additional target groups, assessed as having the potential to either amplify or undermine broader security and stability efforts in general, or DDR in particular, may be identified on a case-by-case basis. For example, CVR may be expanded to include newly displaced populations \u2013 refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) \u2013 that are at risk of mobilization into armed groups or that may unintentionally generate flashpoints for community violence. There may also be possibilities to extend CVR programmes to particular geographic areas and population groups susceptible to out- breaks of violence and\/or experiencing concentrated disadvantage. The flexibility to adapt CVR to target groups that may disrupt and impede the DDR process is critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":261, "Sentence":"Prospective participants should be vetted locally according to pre-set eligibility criteria.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction prospective participant vetted locally according preset eligibility criterion ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.4 Target groups and locations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The selection of CVR target groups and intervention sites is a political decision that should be taken on the basis of assessments (see section 6.3), and in consultation with national and\/or local government authorities. The identification of target groups and locations for CVR should also be informed through: \\n The priorities of the host government and, if in a mission context, the mandate of the mission; and \\n Consultations with UN senior management.DDR practitioners can, where appropriate, adopt broad categories for target groups that can be applied nationally. In some cases, the selection of target groups is made pragmatically based on a list prepared by a PSC (or equivalent body) and\/ or implementing partners. Prospective participants should be vetted locally according to pre-set eligibility criteria. For example, these eligibility criteria may require former affiliation to specific armed groups and\/or possession of modern or artisanal weapons (see section 4.2).Clear criteria for who is included and excluded from CVR programmes should be carefully communicated in order to avoid unnecessarily inflating expectations and generating tension. One means of doing this is to prepare a glossary with specific selection criteria that can be shared with implementing partners and PSCs. In all cases, DDR practitioners shall ensure that women and girls are adequately represented in the iden- tification of priorities and implementation strategies, by making sure that: \\n Assessments include separate focus group discussions for women, led by female facilitators. \\n Women\u2019s groups are engaged in the consultative process and as implementing partners. \\n The PAC\/PRC (or equivalent entity) is 30% female. \\n A minimum of 30% of CVR projects within the broader CVR programme directly benefit women\u2019s safety and security issues. \\n The entire CVR programme integrates and leverages opportunities for women\u2019s leadership and gender equality. \\n Staffing of CVR projects includes female employees.Additional target groups, assessed as having the potential to either amplify or undermine broader security and stability efforts in general, or DDR in particular, may be identified on a case-by-case basis. For example, CVR may be expanded to include newly displaced populations \u2013 refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) \u2013 that are at risk of mobilization into armed groups or that may unintentionally generate flashpoints for community violence. There may also be possibilities to extend CVR programmes to particular geographic areas and population groups susceptible to out- breaks of violence and\/or experiencing concentrated disadvantage. The flexibility to adapt CVR to target groups that may disrupt and impede the DDR process is critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":261, "Sentence":"For example, these eligibility criteria may require former affiliation to specific armed groups and\/or possession of modern or artisanal weapons (see section 4.2).Clear criteria for who is included and excluded from CVR programmes should be carefully communicated in order to avoid unnecessarily inflating expectations and generating tension.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction example eligibility criterion may require former affiliation specific armed group and\/or possession modern artisanal weapon see section 4.2.clear criterion included excluded cvr programme carefully communicated order avoid unnecessarily inflating expectation generating tension ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.4 Target groups and locations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The selection of CVR target groups and intervention sites is a political decision that should be taken on the basis of assessments (see section 6.3), and in consultation with national and\/or local government authorities. The identification of target groups and locations for CVR should also be informed through: \\n The priorities of the host government and, if in a mission context, the mandate of the mission; and \\n Consultations with UN senior management.DDR practitioners can, where appropriate, adopt broad categories for target groups that can be applied nationally. In some cases, the selection of target groups is made pragmatically based on a list prepared by a PSC (or equivalent body) and\/ or implementing partners. Prospective participants should be vetted locally according to pre-set eligibility criteria. For example, these eligibility criteria may require former affiliation to specific armed groups and\/or possession of modern or artisanal weapons (see section 4.2).Clear criteria for who is included and excluded from CVR programmes should be carefully communicated in order to avoid unnecessarily inflating expectations and generating tension. One means of doing this is to prepare a glossary with specific selection criteria that can be shared with implementing partners and PSCs. In all cases, DDR practitioners shall ensure that women and girls are adequately represented in the iden- tification of priorities and implementation strategies, by making sure that: \\n Assessments include separate focus group discussions for women, led by female facilitators. \\n Women\u2019s groups are engaged in the consultative process and as implementing partners. \\n The PAC\/PRC (or equivalent entity) is 30% female. \\n A minimum of 30% of CVR projects within the broader CVR programme directly benefit women\u2019s safety and security issues. \\n The entire CVR programme integrates and leverages opportunities for women\u2019s leadership and gender equality. \\n Staffing of CVR projects includes female employees.Additional target groups, assessed as having the potential to either amplify or undermine broader security and stability efforts in general, or DDR in particular, may be identified on a case-by-case basis. For example, CVR may be expanded to include newly displaced populations \u2013 refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) \u2013 that are at risk of mobilization into armed groups or that may unintentionally generate flashpoints for community violence. There may also be possibilities to extend CVR programmes to particular geographic areas and population groups susceptible to out- breaks of violence and\/or experiencing concentrated disadvantage. The flexibility to adapt CVR to target groups that may disrupt and impede the DDR process is critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":261, "Sentence":"One means of doing this is to prepare a glossary with specific selection criteria that can be shared with implementing partners and PSCs.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction one mean prepare glossary specific selection criterion shared implementing partner pscs ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.4 Target groups and locations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The selection of CVR target groups and intervention sites is a political decision that should be taken on the basis of assessments (see section 6.3), and in consultation with national and\/or local government authorities. The identification of target groups and locations for CVR should also be informed through: \\n The priorities of the host government and, if in a mission context, the mandate of the mission; and \\n Consultations with UN senior management.DDR practitioners can, where appropriate, adopt broad categories for target groups that can be applied nationally. In some cases, the selection of target groups is made pragmatically based on a list prepared by a PSC (or equivalent body) and\/ or implementing partners. Prospective participants should be vetted locally according to pre-set eligibility criteria. For example, these eligibility criteria may require former affiliation to specific armed groups and\/or possession of modern or artisanal weapons (see section 4.2).Clear criteria for who is included and excluded from CVR programmes should be carefully communicated in order to avoid unnecessarily inflating expectations and generating tension. One means of doing this is to prepare a glossary with specific selection criteria that can be shared with implementing partners and PSCs. In all cases, DDR practitioners shall ensure that women and girls are adequately represented in the iden- tification of priorities and implementation strategies, by making sure that: \\n Assessments include separate focus group discussions for women, led by female facilitators. \\n Women\u2019s groups are engaged in the consultative process and as implementing partners. \\n The PAC\/PRC (or equivalent entity) is 30% female. \\n A minimum of 30% of CVR projects within the broader CVR programme directly benefit women\u2019s safety and security issues. \\n The entire CVR programme integrates and leverages opportunities for women\u2019s leadership and gender equality. \\n Staffing of CVR projects includes female employees.Additional target groups, assessed as having the potential to either amplify or undermine broader security and stability efforts in general, or DDR in particular, may be identified on a case-by-case basis. For example, CVR may be expanded to include newly displaced populations \u2013 refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) \u2013 that are at risk of mobilization into armed groups or that may unintentionally generate flashpoints for community violence. There may also be possibilities to extend CVR programmes to particular geographic areas and population groups susceptible to out- breaks of violence and\/or experiencing concentrated disadvantage. The flexibility to adapt CVR to target groups that may disrupt and impede the DDR process is critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":261, "Sentence":"In all cases, DDR practitioners shall ensure that women and girls are adequately represented in the iden- tification of priorities and implementation strategies, by making sure that: \\n Assessments include separate focus group discussions for women, led by female facilitators.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction case ddr practitioner shall ensure woman girl adequately represented iden tification priority implementation strategy making sure n assessment include separate focus group discussion woman led female facilitator ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.4 Target groups and locations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The selection of CVR target groups and intervention sites is a political decision that should be taken on the basis of assessments (see section 6.3), and in consultation with national and\/or local government authorities. The identification of target groups and locations for CVR should also be informed through: \\n The priorities of the host government and, if in a mission context, the mandate of the mission; and \\n Consultations with UN senior management.DDR practitioners can, where appropriate, adopt broad categories for target groups that can be applied nationally. In some cases, the selection of target groups is made pragmatically based on a list prepared by a PSC (or equivalent body) and\/ or implementing partners. Prospective participants should be vetted locally according to pre-set eligibility criteria. For example, these eligibility criteria may require former affiliation to specific armed groups and\/or possession of modern or artisanal weapons (see section 4.2).Clear criteria for who is included and excluded from CVR programmes should be carefully communicated in order to avoid unnecessarily inflating expectations and generating tension. One means of doing this is to prepare a glossary with specific selection criteria that can be shared with implementing partners and PSCs. In all cases, DDR practitioners shall ensure that women and girls are adequately represented in the iden- tification of priorities and implementation strategies, by making sure that: \\n Assessments include separate focus group discussions for women, led by female facilitators. \\n Women\u2019s groups are engaged in the consultative process and as implementing partners. \\n The PAC\/PRC (or equivalent entity) is 30% female. \\n A minimum of 30% of CVR projects within the broader CVR programme directly benefit women\u2019s safety and security issues. \\n The entire CVR programme integrates and leverages opportunities for women\u2019s leadership and gender equality. \\n Staffing of CVR projects includes female employees.Additional target groups, assessed as having the potential to either amplify or undermine broader security and stability efforts in general, or DDR in particular, may be identified on a case-by-case basis. For example, CVR may be expanded to include newly displaced populations \u2013 refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) \u2013 that are at risk of mobilization into armed groups or that may unintentionally generate flashpoints for community violence. There may also be possibilities to extend CVR programmes to particular geographic areas and population groups susceptible to out- breaks of violence and\/or experiencing concentrated disadvantage. The flexibility to adapt CVR to target groups that may disrupt and impede the DDR process is critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":261, "Sentence":"\\n Women\u2019s groups are engaged in the consultative process and as implementing partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction n woman \u2019 group engaged consultative process implementing partner ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.4 Target groups and locations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The selection of CVR target groups and intervention sites is a political decision that should be taken on the basis of assessments (see section 6.3), and in consultation with national and\/or local government authorities. The identification of target groups and locations for CVR should also be informed through: \\n The priorities of the host government and, if in a mission context, the mandate of the mission; and \\n Consultations with UN senior management.DDR practitioners can, where appropriate, adopt broad categories for target groups that can be applied nationally. In some cases, the selection of target groups is made pragmatically based on a list prepared by a PSC (or equivalent body) and\/ or implementing partners. Prospective participants should be vetted locally according to pre-set eligibility criteria. For example, these eligibility criteria may require former affiliation to specific armed groups and\/or possession of modern or artisanal weapons (see section 4.2).Clear criteria for who is included and excluded from CVR programmes should be carefully communicated in order to avoid unnecessarily inflating expectations and generating tension. One means of doing this is to prepare a glossary with specific selection criteria that can be shared with implementing partners and PSCs. In all cases, DDR practitioners shall ensure that women and girls are adequately represented in the iden- tification of priorities and implementation strategies, by making sure that: \\n Assessments include separate focus group discussions for women, led by female facilitators. \\n Women\u2019s groups are engaged in the consultative process and as implementing partners. \\n The PAC\/PRC (or equivalent entity) is 30% female. \\n A minimum of 30% of CVR projects within the broader CVR programme directly benefit women\u2019s safety and security issues. \\n The entire CVR programme integrates and leverages opportunities for women\u2019s leadership and gender equality. \\n Staffing of CVR projects includes female employees.Additional target groups, assessed as having the potential to either amplify or undermine broader security and stability efforts in general, or DDR in particular, may be identified on a case-by-case basis. For example, CVR may be expanded to include newly displaced populations \u2013 refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) \u2013 that are at risk of mobilization into armed groups or that may unintentionally generate flashpoints for community violence. There may also be possibilities to extend CVR programmes to particular geographic areas and population groups susceptible to out- breaks of violence and\/or experiencing concentrated disadvantage. The flexibility to adapt CVR to target groups that may disrupt and impede the DDR process is critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":261, "Sentence":"\\n The PAC\/PRC (or equivalent entity) is 30% female.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction n pac\/prc equivalent entity 30 female ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.4 Target groups and locations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The selection of CVR target groups and intervention sites is a political decision that should be taken on the basis of assessments (see section 6.3), and in consultation with national and\/or local government authorities. The identification of target groups and locations for CVR should also be informed through: \\n The priorities of the host government and, if in a mission context, the mandate of the mission; and \\n Consultations with UN senior management.DDR practitioners can, where appropriate, adopt broad categories for target groups that can be applied nationally. In some cases, the selection of target groups is made pragmatically based on a list prepared by a PSC (or equivalent body) and\/ or implementing partners. Prospective participants should be vetted locally according to pre-set eligibility criteria. For example, these eligibility criteria may require former affiliation to specific armed groups and\/or possession of modern or artisanal weapons (see section 4.2).Clear criteria for who is included and excluded from CVR programmes should be carefully communicated in order to avoid unnecessarily inflating expectations and generating tension. One means of doing this is to prepare a glossary with specific selection criteria that can be shared with implementing partners and PSCs. In all cases, DDR practitioners shall ensure that women and girls are adequately represented in the iden- tification of priorities and implementation strategies, by making sure that: \\n Assessments include separate focus group discussions for women, led by female facilitators. \\n Women\u2019s groups are engaged in the consultative process and as implementing partners. \\n The PAC\/PRC (or equivalent entity) is 30% female. \\n A minimum of 30% of CVR projects within the broader CVR programme directly benefit women\u2019s safety and security issues. \\n The entire CVR programme integrates and leverages opportunities for women\u2019s leadership and gender equality. \\n Staffing of CVR projects includes female employees.Additional target groups, assessed as having the potential to either amplify or undermine broader security and stability efforts in general, or DDR in particular, may be identified on a case-by-case basis. For example, CVR may be expanded to include newly displaced populations \u2013 refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) \u2013 that are at risk of mobilization into armed groups or that may unintentionally generate flashpoints for community violence. There may also be possibilities to extend CVR programmes to particular geographic areas and population groups susceptible to out- breaks of violence and\/or experiencing concentrated disadvantage. The flexibility to adapt CVR to target groups that may disrupt and impede the DDR process is critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":261, "Sentence":"\\n A minimum of 30% of CVR projects within the broader CVR programme directly benefit women\u2019s safety and security issues.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction n minimum 30 cvr project within broader cvr programme directly benefit woman \u2019 safety security issue ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.4 Target groups and locations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The selection of CVR target groups and intervention sites is a political decision that should be taken on the basis of assessments (see section 6.3), and in consultation with national and\/or local government authorities. The identification of target groups and locations for CVR should also be informed through: \\n The priorities of the host government and, if in a mission context, the mandate of the mission; and \\n Consultations with UN senior management.DDR practitioners can, where appropriate, adopt broad categories for target groups that can be applied nationally. In some cases, the selection of target groups is made pragmatically based on a list prepared by a PSC (or equivalent body) and\/ or implementing partners. Prospective participants should be vetted locally according to pre-set eligibility criteria. For example, these eligibility criteria may require former affiliation to specific armed groups and\/or possession of modern or artisanal weapons (see section 4.2).Clear criteria for who is included and excluded from CVR programmes should be carefully communicated in order to avoid unnecessarily inflating expectations and generating tension. One means of doing this is to prepare a glossary with specific selection criteria that can be shared with implementing partners and PSCs. In all cases, DDR practitioners shall ensure that women and girls are adequately represented in the iden- tification of priorities and implementation strategies, by making sure that: \\n Assessments include separate focus group discussions for women, led by female facilitators. \\n Women\u2019s groups are engaged in the consultative process and as implementing partners. \\n The PAC\/PRC (or equivalent entity) is 30% female. \\n A minimum of 30% of CVR projects within the broader CVR programme directly benefit women\u2019s safety and security issues. \\n The entire CVR programme integrates and leverages opportunities for women\u2019s leadership and gender equality. \\n Staffing of CVR projects includes female employees.Additional target groups, assessed as having the potential to either amplify or undermine broader security and stability efforts in general, or DDR in particular, may be identified on a case-by-case basis. For example, CVR may be expanded to include newly displaced populations \u2013 refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) \u2013 that are at risk of mobilization into armed groups or that may unintentionally generate flashpoints for community violence. There may also be possibilities to extend CVR programmes to particular geographic areas and population groups susceptible to out- breaks of violence and\/or experiencing concentrated disadvantage. The flexibility to adapt CVR to target groups that may disrupt and impede the DDR process is critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":261, "Sentence":"\\n The entire CVR programme integrates and leverages opportunities for women\u2019s leadership and gender equality.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction n entire cvr programme integrates leverage opportunity woman \u2019 leadership gender equality ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.4 Target groups and locations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The selection of CVR target groups and intervention sites is a political decision that should be taken on the basis of assessments (see section 6.3), and in consultation with national and\/or local government authorities. The identification of target groups and locations for CVR should also be informed through: \\n The priorities of the host government and, if in a mission context, the mandate of the mission; and \\n Consultations with UN senior management.DDR practitioners can, where appropriate, adopt broad categories for target groups that can be applied nationally. In some cases, the selection of target groups is made pragmatically based on a list prepared by a PSC (or equivalent body) and\/ or implementing partners. Prospective participants should be vetted locally according to pre-set eligibility criteria. For example, these eligibility criteria may require former affiliation to specific armed groups and\/or possession of modern or artisanal weapons (see section 4.2).Clear criteria for who is included and excluded from CVR programmes should be carefully communicated in order to avoid unnecessarily inflating expectations and generating tension. One means of doing this is to prepare a glossary with specific selection criteria that can be shared with implementing partners and PSCs. In all cases, DDR practitioners shall ensure that women and girls are adequately represented in the iden- tification of priorities and implementation strategies, by making sure that: \\n Assessments include separate focus group discussions for women, led by female facilitators. \\n Women\u2019s groups are engaged in the consultative process and as implementing partners. \\n The PAC\/PRC (or equivalent entity) is 30% female. \\n A minimum of 30% of CVR projects within the broader CVR programme directly benefit women\u2019s safety and security issues. \\n The entire CVR programme integrates and leverages opportunities for women\u2019s leadership and gender equality. \\n Staffing of CVR projects includes female employees.Additional target groups, assessed as having the potential to either amplify or undermine broader security and stability efforts in general, or DDR in particular, may be identified on a case-by-case basis. For example, CVR may be expanded to include newly displaced populations \u2013 refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) \u2013 that are at risk of mobilization into armed groups or that may unintentionally generate flashpoints for community violence. There may also be possibilities to extend CVR programmes to particular geographic areas and population groups susceptible to out- breaks of violence and\/or experiencing concentrated disadvantage. The flexibility to adapt CVR to target groups that may disrupt and impede the DDR process is critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":261, "Sentence":"\\n Staffing of CVR projects includes female employees.Additional target groups, assessed as having the potential to either amplify or undermine broader security and stability efforts in general, or DDR in particular, may be identified on a case-by-case basis.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction n staffing cvr project includes female employees.additional target group assessed potential either amplify undermine broader security stability effort general ddr particular may identified casebycase basis ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.4 Target groups and locations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The selection of CVR target groups and intervention sites is a political decision that should be taken on the basis of assessments (see section 6.3), and in consultation with national and\/or local government authorities. The identification of target groups and locations for CVR should also be informed through: \\n The priorities of the host government and, if in a mission context, the mandate of the mission; and \\n Consultations with UN senior management.DDR practitioners can, where appropriate, adopt broad categories for target groups that can be applied nationally. In some cases, the selection of target groups is made pragmatically based on a list prepared by a PSC (or equivalent body) and\/ or implementing partners. Prospective participants should be vetted locally according to pre-set eligibility criteria. For example, these eligibility criteria may require former affiliation to specific armed groups and\/or possession of modern or artisanal weapons (see section 4.2).Clear criteria for who is included and excluded from CVR programmes should be carefully communicated in order to avoid unnecessarily inflating expectations and generating tension. One means of doing this is to prepare a glossary with specific selection criteria that can be shared with implementing partners and PSCs. In all cases, DDR practitioners shall ensure that women and girls are adequately represented in the iden- tification of priorities and implementation strategies, by making sure that: \\n Assessments include separate focus group discussions for women, led by female facilitators. \\n Women\u2019s groups are engaged in the consultative process and as implementing partners. \\n The PAC\/PRC (or equivalent entity) is 30% female. \\n A minimum of 30% of CVR projects within the broader CVR programme directly benefit women\u2019s safety and security issues. \\n The entire CVR programme integrates and leverages opportunities for women\u2019s leadership and gender equality. \\n Staffing of CVR projects includes female employees.Additional target groups, assessed as having the potential to either amplify or undermine broader security and stability efforts in general, or DDR in particular, may be identified on a case-by-case basis. For example, CVR may be expanded to include newly displaced populations \u2013 refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) \u2013 that are at risk of mobilization into armed groups or that may unintentionally generate flashpoints for community violence. There may also be possibilities to extend CVR programmes to particular geographic areas and population groups susceptible to out- breaks of violence and\/or experiencing concentrated disadvantage. The flexibility to adapt CVR to target groups that may disrupt and impede the DDR process is critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":261, "Sentence":"For example, CVR may be expanded to include newly displaced populations \u2013 refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) \u2013 that are at risk of mobilization into armed groups or that may unintentionally generate flashpoints for community violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction example cvr may expanded include newly displaced population \u2013 refugee internally displaced people idp \u2013 risk mobilization armed group may unintentionally generate flashpoint community violence ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.4 Target groups and locations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The selection of CVR target groups and intervention sites is a political decision that should be taken on the basis of assessments (see section 6.3), and in consultation with national and\/or local government authorities. The identification of target groups and locations for CVR should also be informed through: \\n The priorities of the host government and, if in a mission context, the mandate of the mission; and \\n Consultations with UN senior management.DDR practitioners can, where appropriate, adopt broad categories for target groups that can be applied nationally. In some cases, the selection of target groups is made pragmatically based on a list prepared by a PSC (or equivalent body) and\/ or implementing partners. Prospective participants should be vetted locally according to pre-set eligibility criteria. For example, these eligibility criteria may require former affiliation to specific armed groups and\/or possession of modern or artisanal weapons (see section 4.2).Clear criteria for who is included and excluded from CVR programmes should be carefully communicated in order to avoid unnecessarily inflating expectations and generating tension. One means of doing this is to prepare a glossary with specific selection criteria that can be shared with implementing partners and PSCs. In all cases, DDR practitioners shall ensure that women and girls are adequately represented in the iden- tification of priorities and implementation strategies, by making sure that: \\n Assessments include separate focus group discussions for women, led by female facilitators. \\n Women\u2019s groups are engaged in the consultative process and as implementing partners. \\n The PAC\/PRC (or equivalent entity) is 30% female. \\n A minimum of 30% of CVR projects within the broader CVR programme directly benefit women\u2019s safety and security issues. \\n The entire CVR programme integrates and leverages opportunities for women\u2019s leadership and gender equality. \\n Staffing of CVR projects includes female employees.Additional target groups, assessed as having the potential to either amplify or undermine broader security and stability efforts in general, or DDR in particular, may be identified on a case-by-case basis. For example, CVR may be expanded to include newly displaced populations \u2013 refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) \u2013 that are at risk of mobilization into armed groups or that may unintentionally generate flashpoints for community violence. There may also be possibilities to extend CVR programmes to particular geographic areas and population groups susceptible to out- breaks of violence and\/or experiencing concentrated disadvantage. The flexibility to adapt CVR to target groups that may disrupt and impede the DDR process is critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":261, "Sentence":"There may also be possibilities to extend CVR programmes to particular geographic areas and population groups susceptible to out- breaks of violence and\/or experiencing concentrated disadvantage.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction may also possibility extend cvr programme particular geographic area population group susceptible break violence and\/or experiencing concentrated disadvantage ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.4 Target groups and locations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The selection of CVR target groups and intervention sites is a political decision that should be taken on the basis of assessments (see section 6.3), and in consultation with national and\/or local government authorities. The identification of target groups and locations for CVR should also be informed through: \\n The priorities of the host government and, if in a mission context, the mandate of the mission; and \\n Consultations with UN senior management.DDR practitioners can, where appropriate, adopt broad categories for target groups that can be applied nationally. In some cases, the selection of target groups is made pragmatically based on a list prepared by a PSC (or equivalent body) and\/ or implementing partners. Prospective participants should be vetted locally according to pre-set eligibility criteria. For example, these eligibility criteria may require former affiliation to specific armed groups and\/or possession of modern or artisanal weapons (see section 4.2).Clear criteria for who is included and excluded from CVR programmes should be carefully communicated in order to avoid unnecessarily inflating expectations and generating tension. One means of doing this is to prepare a glossary with specific selection criteria that can be shared with implementing partners and PSCs. In all cases, DDR practitioners shall ensure that women and girls are adequately represented in the iden- tification of priorities and implementation strategies, by making sure that: \\n Assessments include separate focus group discussions for women, led by female facilitators. \\n Women\u2019s groups are engaged in the consultative process and as implementing partners. \\n The PAC\/PRC (or equivalent entity) is 30% female. \\n A minimum of 30% of CVR projects within the broader CVR programme directly benefit women\u2019s safety and security issues. \\n The entire CVR programme integrates and leverages opportunities for women\u2019s leadership and gender equality. \\n Staffing of CVR projects includes female employees.Additional target groups, assessed as having the potential to either amplify or undermine broader security and stability efforts in general, or DDR in particular, may be identified on a case-by-case basis. For example, CVR may be expanded to include newly displaced populations \u2013 refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) \u2013 that are at risk of mobilization into armed groups or that may unintentionally generate flashpoints for community violence. There may also be possibilities to extend CVR programmes to particular geographic areas and population groups susceptible to out- breaks of violence and\/or experiencing concentrated disadvantage. The flexibility to adapt CVR to target groups that may disrupt and impede the DDR process is critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":261, "Sentence":"The flexibility to adapt CVR to target groups that may disrupt and impede the DDR process is critical.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction flexibility adapt cvr target group may disrupt impede ddr process critical ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.5 Types of projects", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and\/ or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR\/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective im- plementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays.A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agri- cultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconcilia- tion), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-com- batants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, manage- ment and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects.The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demograph- ic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace pro- cess (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geo- graphic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific reli- gious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing part- ners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly.Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also in- clude a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provi- sions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capac- ities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":262, "Sentence":"There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction tremendous heterogeneity type cvr project implemented part cvr programme within country ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.5 Types of projects", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and\/ or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR\/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective im- plementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays.A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agri- cultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconcilia- tion), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-com- batants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, manage- ment and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects.The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demograph- ic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace pro- cess (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geo- graphic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific reli- gious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing part- ners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly.Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also in- clude a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provi- sions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capac- ities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":262, "Sentence":"However, there are also commonalities.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction however also commonality ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.5 Types of projects", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and\/ or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR\/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective im- plementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays.A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agri- cultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconcilia- tion), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-com- batants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, manage- ment and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects.The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demograph- ic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace pro- cess (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geo- graphic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific reli- gious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing part- ners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly.Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also in- clude a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provi- sions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capac- ities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":262, "Sentence":"All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and\/ or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr programme generate interaction state authority and\/ stimulate inter intracommunity dialogue ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.5 Types of projects", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and\/ or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR\/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective im- plementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays.A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agri- cultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconcilia- tion), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-com- batants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, manage- ment and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects.The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demograph- ic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace pro- cess (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geo- graphic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific reli- gious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing part- ners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly.Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also in- clude a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provi- sions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capac- ities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":262, "Sentence":"These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction communication exchange help ensure better identification type cvr project support also contribute effective design implementation monitoring evaluation cvr ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.5 Types of projects", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and\/ or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR\/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective im- plementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays.A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agri- cultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconcilia- tion), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-com- batants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, manage- ment and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects.The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demograph- ic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace pro- cess (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geo- graphic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific reli- gious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing part- ners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly.Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also in- clude a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provi- sions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capac- ities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":262, "Sentence":"DDR\/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective im- plementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction ddr\/cvr partner aware prospective im plementing partner shall require support preparing project proposal ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.5 Types of projects", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and\/ or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR\/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective im- plementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays.A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agri- cultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconcilia- tion), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-com- batants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, manage- ment and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects.The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demograph- ic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace pro- cess (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geo- graphic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific reli- gious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing part- ners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly.Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also in- clude a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provi- sions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capac- ities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":262, "Sentence":"Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays.A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction appropriate support mechanism introduced advance offer support relation proposal writing reporting process avoid major delays.a wide array technical sector included cvr intervention ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.5 Types of projects", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and\/ or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR\/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective im- plementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays.A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agri- cultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconcilia- tion), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-com- batants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, manage- ment and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects.The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demograph- ic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace pro- cess (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geo- graphic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific reli- gious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing part- ners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly.Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also in- clude a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provi- sions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capac- ities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":262, "Sentence":"These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agri- cultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction include commercialbased project e.g . grocery retail bakery tailor mechanic salon agri cultural production livestock animal husbandry activity social project e.g ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.5 Types of projects", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and\/ or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR\/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective im- plementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays.A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agri- cultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconcilia- tion), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-com- batants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, manage- ment and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects.The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demograph- ic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace pro- cess (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geo- graphic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific reli- gious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing part- ners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly.Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also in- clude a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provi- sions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capac- ities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":262, "Sentence":"the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconcilia- tion), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-com- batants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, manage- ment and destruction).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction construction maintenance youth centre civic education community reconcilia tion infrastructure initiative e.g . construction road bridge clinic school labourbased activity involving training apprenticeship paid work excom batants atrisk group security correction measure e.g . communityoriented policing lighting system prevention genderbased violence corporal punishment weapon ammunition management activity e.g . collection storage manage ment destruction ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.5 Types of projects", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and\/ or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR\/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective im- plementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays.A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agri- cultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconcilia- tion), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-com- batants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, manage- ment and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects.The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demograph- ic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace pro- cess (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geo- graphic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific reli- gious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing part- ners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly.Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also in- clude a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provi- sions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capac- ities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":262, "Sentence":"Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects.The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demograph- ic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction table 5 provides summary possible cvr projects.the selection cvr project shall informed political climatic demograph ic factor well merit individual project proposal ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.5 Types of projects", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and\/ or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR\/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective im- plementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays.A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agri- cultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconcilia- tion), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-com- batants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, manage- ment and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects.The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demograph- ic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace pro- cess (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geo- graphic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific reli- gious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing part- ners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly.Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also in- clude a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provi- sions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capac- ities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":262, "Sentence":"PSCs and PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace pro- cess (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geo- graphic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific reli- gious or ethnic groups).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction pscs pac\/prcs equivalent entity may prioritize cvr project according stage peace pro ce e.g . contingent shortterm emergency mediumterm recovery need geo graphic location e.g . water well animal husbandry dry climate information communication technology ict training business apprenticeship urban setting social identityrelated dynamic e.g . project tailored specific reli gious ethnic group ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.5 Types of projects", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and\/ or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR\/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective im- plementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays.A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agri- cultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconcilia- tion), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-com- batants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, manage- ment and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects.The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demograph- ic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace pro- cess (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geo- graphic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific reli- gious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing part- ners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly.Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also in- clude a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provi- sions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capac- ities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":262, "Sentence":"The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction sequencing timing financial support cvr project arbitrary account specific type project approved ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.5 Types of projects", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and\/ or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR\/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective im- plementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays.A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agri- cultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconcilia- tion), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-com- batants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, manage- ment and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects.The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demograph- ic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace pro- cess (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geo- graphic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific reli- gious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing part- ners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly.Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also in- clude a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provi- sions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capac- ities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":262, "Sentence":"For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction example financing agricultural project may require rapid disbursement line seasonal imperative initiative ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.5 Types of projects", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and\/ or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR\/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective im- plementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays.A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agri- cultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconcilia- tion), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-com- batants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, manage- ment and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects.The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demograph- ic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace pro- cess (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geo- graphic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific reli- gious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing part- ners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly.Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also in- clude a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provi- sions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capac- ities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":262, "Sentence":"It is also critical that implementing part- ners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction also critical implementing part ners equipped appropriate technical capacity meet project timeline \u2013 lack engineering support example generate delay hinder maintenance ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.5 Types of projects", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and\/ or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR\/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective im- plementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays.A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agri- cultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconcilia- tion), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-com- batants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, manage- ment and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects.The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demograph- ic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace pro- cess (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geo- graphic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific reli- gious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing part- ners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly.Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also in- clude a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provi- sions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capac- ities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":262, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly.Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also in- clude a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation).", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction ddr practitioner prioritize project development financing accordingly.precisely cvr shorttomediumterm selected project also clude basic sustainability plan including realistic commitment monitoring evaluation detail cvr activity handed full national government see iddrs 3.50 monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.5 Types of projects", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and\/ or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR\/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective im- plementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays.A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agri- cultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconcilia- tion), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-com- batants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, manage- ment and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects.The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demograph- ic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace pro- cess (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geo- graphic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific reli- gious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing part- ners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly.Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also in- clude a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provi- sions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capac- ities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":262, "Sentence":"Clear provi- sions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction clear provi sion activity included resource appropriately allocated final contract ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.5 Types of projects", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and\/ or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR\/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective im- plementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays.A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agri- cultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconcilia- tion), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-com- batants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, manage- ment and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects.The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demograph- ic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace pro- cess (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geo- graphic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific reli- gious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing part- ners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly.Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also in- clude a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provi- sions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capac- ities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":262, "Sentence":"Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction implementing partner contract include clause specify maintenance management specific asset together direction initiative sustained funding come end ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.5 Types of projects", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and\/ or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR\/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective im- plementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays.A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agri- cultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconcilia- tion), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-com- batants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, manage- ment and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects.The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demograph- ic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace pro- cess (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geo- graphic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific reli- gious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing part- ners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly.Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also in- clude a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provi- sions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capac- ities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":262, "Sentence":"Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction likewise contract specify requirement collect minimum qualitative quantitative information cvr project outcome impact ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.5 Types of projects", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and\/ or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR\/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective im- plementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays.A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agri- cultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconcilia- tion), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-com- batants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, manage- ment and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects.The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demograph- ic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC\/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace pro- cess (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geo- graphic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific reli- gious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing part- ners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly.Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also in- clude a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provi- sions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capac- ities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":262, "Sentence":"Where implementing partners lack such capac- ities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction implementing partner lack capac ities supplementary training may sufficient ddr practitioner explore opportunity facilitate activity third party ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.6 Partnerships and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes should adopt a graduated approach to implementation. In many cases, it is advisable to start CVR initiatives with an experimental pilot phase of 6\u20138 months. Pilot projects are useful to assess local capacities, identify prospective part- ners and test out community receptivity. An incremental approach may help DDR practitioners sharpen their overall objectives and theories of change, while gradually building up strategic partnerships across government, host communities and interna- tional agencies that are essential for longer-term success. There are potentially strong demonstration effects from successful projects, and these should be advertised where possible.Delays in CVR implementation \u2013 particularly in relation to project selection and project disbursements \u2013 may undermine the credibility of the intervention and gen- erate risks for personnel. Bottlenecks are routine, yet in many cases avoidable. DDR practitioners, implementing partners and PSCs (or equivalent entities) shall set real- istic timelines, manage expectations and ensure regular communication with project beneficiaries. DDR practitioners may also elect to introduce administrative procedures to speed up decision-making on project selection, reduce the number of tranches for projects and prioritize initiatives that are subject to seasonal effects (e.g., planting, har- vest, transhumance, insect-born disease), climatic factors (e.g., rainfall, flooding and droughts), and calendar years (e.g., schooling and holidays).CVR projects should ensure a high degree of oversight and support to benefi- ciaries. Effective CVR is often a function of the quality of field personnel \u2013 including implementing partners \u2013 and their ability to apply a high degree of emotional intelli- gence. Experienced DDR practitioners should have a demonstrated ability to engage with complex social and cultural norms and their intersecting gender dynamics in order to build trust with beneficiaries and affected communities. This engagement frequently requires a minimum competence in the local language(s) together with a developed capacity to empathize and communicate. DDR field practitioners should have the discretion and autonomy to craft inter-agency partnerships, rapidly solve problems in volatile settings, and innovate in moments of crisis.CVR shall involve an array implementing partners and a variety of coordinat- ing mechanisms. The nature of these partnerships and coordination mechanisms shall depend on the national and local context, the extent of capacities on the ground and the resources available. CVR coordination and partnerships should be devolved as much as possible to the local level, and bureaucratic and administrative procedures should be kept to an acceptable minimum. Decisions on the particular form and content of part- nerships and coordination will be informed by the CVR mandate; the peace agreement (if one has been signed); government, donor, and mission and UNCT capacities; and local dynamics on the ground. Partners and coordinating mechanisms may change over time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":263, "Sentence":"CVR programmes should adopt a graduated approach to implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr programme adopt graduated approach implementation ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.6 Partnerships and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes should adopt a graduated approach to implementation. In many cases, it is advisable to start CVR initiatives with an experimental pilot phase of 6\u20138 months. Pilot projects are useful to assess local capacities, identify prospective part- ners and test out community receptivity. An incremental approach may help DDR practitioners sharpen their overall objectives and theories of change, while gradually building up strategic partnerships across government, host communities and interna- tional agencies that are essential for longer-term success. There are potentially strong demonstration effects from successful projects, and these should be advertised where possible.Delays in CVR implementation \u2013 particularly in relation to project selection and project disbursements \u2013 may undermine the credibility of the intervention and gen- erate risks for personnel. Bottlenecks are routine, yet in many cases avoidable. DDR practitioners, implementing partners and PSCs (or equivalent entities) shall set real- istic timelines, manage expectations and ensure regular communication with project beneficiaries. DDR practitioners may also elect to introduce administrative procedures to speed up decision-making on project selection, reduce the number of tranches for projects and prioritize initiatives that are subject to seasonal effects (e.g., planting, har- vest, transhumance, insect-born disease), climatic factors (e.g., rainfall, flooding and droughts), and calendar years (e.g., schooling and holidays).CVR projects should ensure a high degree of oversight and support to benefi- ciaries. Effective CVR is often a function of the quality of field personnel \u2013 including implementing partners \u2013 and their ability to apply a high degree of emotional intelli- gence. Experienced DDR practitioners should have a demonstrated ability to engage with complex social and cultural norms and their intersecting gender dynamics in order to build trust with beneficiaries and affected communities. This engagement frequently requires a minimum competence in the local language(s) together with a developed capacity to empathize and communicate. DDR field practitioners should have the discretion and autonomy to craft inter-agency partnerships, rapidly solve problems in volatile settings, and innovate in moments of crisis.CVR shall involve an array implementing partners and a variety of coordinat- ing mechanisms. The nature of these partnerships and coordination mechanisms shall depend on the national and local context, the extent of capacities on the ground and the resources available. CVR coordination and partnerships should be devolved as much as possible to the local level, and bureaucratic and administrative procedures should be kept to an acceptable minimum. Decisions on the particular form and content of part- nerships and coordination will be informed by the CVR mandate; the peace agreement (if one has been signed); government, donor, and mission and UNCT capacities; and local dynamics on the ground. Partners and coordinating mechanisms may change over time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":263, "Sentence":"In many cases, it is advisable to start CVR initiatives with an experimental pilot phase of 6\u20138 months.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction many case advisable start cvr initiative experimental pilot phase 6\u20138 month ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.6 Partnerships and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes should adopt a graduated approach to implementation. In many cases, it is advisable to start CVR initiatives with an experimental pilot phase of 6\u20138 months. Pilot projects are useful to assess local capacities, identify prospective part- ners and test out community receptivity. An incremental approach may help DDR practitioners sharpen their overall objectives and theories of change, while gradually building up strategic partnerships across government, host communities and interna- tional agencies that are essential for longer-term success. There are potentially strong demonstration effects from successful projects, and these should be advertised where possible.Delays in CVR implementation \u2013 particularly in relation to project selection and project disbursements \u2013 may undermine the credibility of the intervention and gen- erate risks for personnel. Bottlenecks are routine, yet in many cases avoidable. DDR practitioners, implementing partners and PSCs (or equivalent entities) shall set real- istic timelines, manage expectations and ensure regular communication with project beneficiaries. DDR practitioners may also elect to introduce administrative procedures to speed up decision-making on project selection, reduce the number of tranches for projects and prioritize initiatives that are subject to seasonal effects (e.g., planting, har- vest, transhumance, insect-born disease), climatic factors (e.g., rainfall, flooding and droughts), and calendar years (e.g., schooling and holidays).CVR projects should ensure a high degree of oversight and support to benefi- ciaries. Effective CVR is often a function of the quality of field personnel \u2013 including implementing partners \u2013 and their ability to apply a high degree of emotional intelli- gence. Experienced DDR practitioners should have a demonstrated ability to engage with complex social and cultural norms and their intersecting gender dynamics in order to build trust with beneficiaries and affected communities. This engagement frequently requires a minimum competence in the local language(s) together with a developed capacity to empathize and communicate. DDR field practitioners should have the discretion and autonomy to craft inter-agency partnerships, rapidly solve problems in volatile settings, and innovate in moments of crisis.CVR shall involve an array implementing partners and a variety of coordinat- ing mechanisms. The nature of these partnerships and coordination mechanisms shall depend on the national and local context, the extent of capacities on the ground and the resources available. CVR coordination and partnerships should be devolved as much as possible to the local level, and bureaucratic and administrative procedures should be kept to an acceptable minimum. Decisions on the particular form and content of part- nerships and coordination will be informed by the CVR mandate; the peace agreement (if one has been signed); government, donor, and mission and UNCT capacities; and local dynamics on the ground. Partners and coordinating mechanisms may change over time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":263, "Sentence":"Pilot projects are useful to assess local capacities, identify prospective part- ners and test out community receptivity.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction pilot project useful ass local capacity identify prospective part ners test community receptivity ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.6 Partnerships and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes should adopt a graduated approach to implementation. In many cases, it is advisable to start CVR initiatives with an experimental pilot phase of 6\u20138 months. Pilot projects are useful to assess local capacities, identify prospective part- ners and test out community receptivity. An incremental approach may help DDR practitioners sharpen their overall objectives and theories of change, while gradually building up strategic partnerships across government, host communities and interna- tional agencies that are essential for longer-term success. There are potentially strong demonstration effects from successful projects, and these should be advertised where possible.Delays in CVR implementation \u2013 particularly in relation to project selection and project disbursements \u2013 may undermine the credibility of the intervention and gen- erate risks for personnel. Bottlenecks are routine, yet in many cases avoidable. DDR practitioners, implementing partners and PSCs (or equivalent entities) shall set real- istic timelines, manage expectations and ensure regular communication with project beneficiaries. DDR practitioners may also elect to introduce administrative procedures to speed up decision-making on project selection, reduce the number of tranches for projects and prioritize initiatives that are subject to seasonal effects (e.g., planting, har- vest, transhumance, insect-born disease), climatic factors (e.g., rainfall, flooding and droughts), and calendar years (e.g., schooling and holidays).CVR projects should ensure a high degree of oversight and support to benefi- ciaries. Effective CVR is often a function of the quality of field personnel \u2013 including implementing partners \u2013 and their ability to apply a high degree of emotional intelli- gence. Experienced DDR practitioners should have a demonstrated ability to engage with complex social and cultural norms and their intersecting gender dynamics in order to build trust with beneficiaries and affected communities. This engagement frequently requires a minimum competence in the local language(s) together with a developed capacity to empathize and communicate. DDR field practitioners should have the discretion and autonomy to craft inter-agency partnerships, rapidly solve problems in volatile settings, and innovate in moments of crisis.CVR shall involve an array implementing partners and a variety of coordinat- ing mechanisms. The nature of these partnerships and coordination mechanisms shall depend on the national and local context, the extent of capacities on the ground and the resources available. CVR coordination and partnerships should be devolved as much as possible to the local level, and bureaucratic and administrative procedures should be kept to an acceptable minimum. Decisions on the particular form and content of part- nerships and coordination will be informed by the CVR mandate; the peace agreement (if one has been signed); government, donor, and mission and UNCT capacities; and local dynamics on the ground. Partners and coordinating mechanisms may change over time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":263, "Sentence":"An incremental approach may help DDR practitioners sharpen their overall objectives and theories of change, while gradually building up strategic partnerships across government, host communities and interna- tional agencies that are essential for longer-term success.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction incremental approach may help ddr practitioner sharpen overall objective theory change gradually building strategic partnership across government host community interna tional agency essential longerterm success ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.6 Partnerships and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes should adopt a graduated approach to implementation. In many cases, it is advisable to start CVR initiatives with an experimental pilot phase of 6\u20138 months. Pilot projects are useful to assess local capacities, identify prospective part- ners and test out community receptivity. An incremental approach may help DDR practitioners sharpen their overall objectives and theories of change, while gradually building up strategic partnerships across government, host communities and interna- tional agencies that are essential for longer-term success. There are potentially strong demonstration effects from successful projects, and these should be advertised where possible.Delays in CVR implementation \u2013 particularly in relation to project selection and project disbursements \u2013 may undermine the credibility of the intervention and gen- erate risks for personnel. Bottlenecks are routine, yet in many cases avoidable. DDR practitioners, implementing partners and PSCs (or equivalent entities) shall set real- istic timelines, manage expectations and ensure regular communication with project beneficiaries. DDR practitioners may also elect to introduce administrative procedures to speed up decision-making on project selection, reduce the number of tranches for projects and prioritize initiatives that are subject to seasonal effects (e.g., planting, har- vest, transhumance, insect-born disease), climatic factors (e.g., rainfall, flooding and droughts), and calendar years (e.g., schooling and holidays).CVR projects should ensure a high degree of oversight and support to benefi- ciaries. Effective CVR is often a function of the quality of field personnel \u2013 including implementing partners \u2013 and their ability to apply a high degree of emotional intelli- gence. Experienced DDR practitioners should have a demonstrated ability to engage with complex social and cultural norms and their intersecting gender dynamics in order to build trust with beneficiaries and affected communities. This engagement frequently requires a minimum competence in the local language(s) together with a developed capacity to empathize and communicate. DDR field practitioners should have the discretion and autonomy to craft inter-agency partnerships, rapidly solve problems in volatile settings, and innovate in moments of crisis.CVR shall involve an array implementing partners and a variety of coordinat- ing mechanisms. The nature of these partnerships and coordination mechanisms shall depend on the national and local context, the extent of capacities on the ground and the resources available. CVR coordination and partnerships should be devolved as much as possible to the local level, and bureaucratic and administrative procedures should be kept to an acceptable minimum. Decisions on the particular form and content of part- nerships and coordination will be informed by the CVR mandate; the peace agreement (if one has been signed); government, donor, and mission and UNCT capacities; and local dynamics on the ground. Partners and coordinating mechanisms may change over time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":263, "Sentence":"There are potentially strong demonstration effects from successful projects, and these should be advertised where possible.Delays in CVR implementation \u2013 particularly in relation to project selection and project disbursements \u2013 may undermine the credibility of the intervention and gen- erate risks for personnel.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction potentially strong demonstration effect successful project advertised possible.delays cvr implementation \u2013 particularly relation project selection project disbursement \u2013 may undermine credibility intervention gen erate risk personnel ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.6 Partnerships and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes should adopt a graduated approach to implementation. In many cases, it is advisable to start CVR initiatives with an experimental pilot phase of 6\u20138 months. Pilot projects are useful to assess local capacities, identify prospective part- ners and test out community receptivity. An incremental approach may help DDR practitioners sharpen their overall objectives and theories of change, while gradually building up strategic partnerships across government, host communities and interna- tional agencies that are essential for longer-term success. There are potentially strong demonstration effects from successful projects, and these should be advertised where possible.Delays in CVR implementation \u2013 particularly in relation to project selection and project disbursements \u2013 may undermine the credibility of the intervention and gen- erate risks for personnel. Bottlenecks are routine, yet in many cases avoidable. DDR practitioners, implementing partners and PSCs (or equivalent entities) shall set real- istic timelines, manage expectations and ensure regular communication with project beneficiaries. DDR practitioners may also elect to introduce administrative procedures to speed up decision-making on project selection, reduce the number of tranches for projects and prioritize initiatives that are subject to seasonal effects (e.g., planting, har- vest, transhumance, insect-born disease), climatic factors (e.g., rainfall, flooding and droughts), and calendar years (e.g., schooling and holidays).CVR projects should ensure a high degree of oversight and support to benefi- ciaries. Effective CVR is often a function of the quality of field personnel \u2013 including implementing partners \u2013 and their ability to apply a high degree of emotional intelli- gence. Experienced DDR practitioners should have a demonstrated ability to engage with complex social and cultural norms and their intersecting gender dynamics in order to build trust with beneficiaries and affected communities. This engagement frequently requires a minimum competence in the local language(s) together with a developed capacity to empathize and communicate. DDR field practitioners should have the discretion and autonomy to craft inter-agency partnerships, rapidly solve problems in volatile settings, and innovate in moments of crisis.CVR shall involve an array implementing partners and a variety of coordinat- ing mechanisms. The nature of these partnerships and coordination mechanisms shall depend on the national and local context, the extent of capacities on the ground and the resources available. CVR coordination and partnerships should be devolved as much as possible to the local level, and bureaucratic and administrative procedures should be kept to an acceptable minimum. Decisions on the particular form and content of part- nerships and coordination will be informed by the CVR mandate; the peace agreement (if one has been signed); government, donor, and mission and UNCT capacities; and local dynamics on the ground. Partners and coordinating mechanisms may change over time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":263, "Sentence":"Bottlenecks are routine, yet in many cases avoidable.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction bottleneck routine yet many case avoidable ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.6 Partnerships and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes should adopt a graduated approach to implementation. In many cases, it is advisable to start CVR initiatives with an experimental pilot phase of 6\u20138 months. Pilot projects are useful to assess local capacities, identify prospective part- ners and test out community receptivity. An incremental approach may help DDR practitioners sharpen their overall objectives and theories of change, while gradually building up strategic partnerships across government, host communities and interna- tional agencies that are essential for longer-term success. There are potentially strong demonstration effects from successful projects, and these should be advertised where possible.Delays in CVR implementation \u2013 particularly in relation to project selection and project disbursements \u2013 may undermine the credibility of the intervention and gen- erate risks for personnel. Bottlenecks are routine, yet in many cases avoidable. DDR practitioners, implementing partners and PSCs (or equivalent entities) shall set real- istic timelines, manage expectations and ensure regular communication with project beneficiaries. DDR practitioners may also elect to introduce administrative procedures to speed up decision-making on project selection, reduce the number of tranches for projects and prioritize initiatives that are subject to seasonal effects (e.g., planting, har- vest, transhumance, insect-born disease), climatic factors (e.g., rainfall, flooding and droughts), and calendar years (e.g., schooling and holidays).CVR projects should ensure a high degree of oversight and support to benefi- ciaries. Effective CVR is often a function of the quality of field personnel \u2013 including implementing partners \u2013 and their ability to apply a high degree of emotional intelli- gence. Experienced DDR practitioners should have a demonstrated ability to engage with complex social and cultural norms and their intersecting gender dynamics in order to build trust with beneficiaries and affected communities. This engagement frequently requires a minimum competence in the local language(s) together with a developed capacity to empathize and communicate. DDR field practitioners should have the discretion and autonomy to craft inter-agency partnerships, rapidly solve problems in volatile settings, and innovate in moments of crisis.CVR shall involve an array implementing partners and a variety of coordinat- ing mechanisms. The nature of these partnerships and coordination mechanisms shall depend on the national and local context, the extent of capacities on the ground and the resources available. CVR coordination and partnerships should be devolved as much as possible to the local level, and bureaucratic and administrative procedures should be kept to an acceptable minimum. Decisions on the particular form and content of part- nerships and coordination will be informed by the CVR mandate; the peace agreement (if one has been signed); government, donor, and mission and UNCT capacities; and local dynamics on the ground. Partners and coordinating mechanisms may change over time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":263, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners, implementing partners and PSCs (or equivalent entities) shall set real- istic timelines, manage expectations and ensure regular communication with project beneficiaries.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction ddr practitioner implementing partner pscs equivalent entity shall set real istic timeline manage expectation ensure regular communication project beneficiary ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.6 Partnerships and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes should adopt a graduated approach to implementation. In many cases, it is advisable to start CVR initiatives with an experimental pilot phase of 6\u20138 months. Pilot projects are useful to assess local capacities, identify prospective part- ners and test out community receptivity. An incremental approach may help DDR practitioners sharpen their overall objectives and theories of change, while gradually building up strategic partnerships across government, host communities and interna- tional agencies that are essential for longer-term success. There are potentially strong demonstration effects from successful projects, and these should be advertised where possible.Delays in CVR implementation \u2013 particularly in relation to project selection and project disbursements \u2013 may undermine the credibility of the intervention and gen- erate risks for personnel. Bottlenecks are routine, yet in many cases avoidable. DDR practitioners, implementing partners and PSCs (or equivalent entities) shall set real- istic timelines, manage expectations and ensure regular communication with project beneficiaries. DDR practitioners may also elect to introduce administrative procedures to speed up decision-making on project selection, reduce the number of tranches for projects and prioritize initiatives that are subject to seasonal effects (e.g., planting, har- vest, transhumance, insect-born disease), climatic factors (e.g., rainfall, flooding and droughts), and calendar years (e.g., schooling and holidays).CVR projects should ensure a high degree of oversight and support to benefi- ciaries. Effective CVR is often a function of the quality of field personnel \u2013 including implementing partners \u2013 and their ability to apply a high degree of emotional intelli- gence. Experienced DDR practitioners should have a demonstrated ability to engage with complex social and cultural norms and their intersecting gender dynamics in order to build trust with beneficiaries and affected communities. This engagement frequently requires a minimum competence in the local language(s) together with a developed capacity to empathize and communicate. DDR field practitioners should have the discretion and autonomy to craft inter-agency partnerships, rapidly solve problems in volatile settings, and innovate in moments of crisis.CVR shall involve an array implementing partners and a variety of coordinat- ing mechanisms. The nature of these partnerships and coordination mechanisms shall depend on the national and local context, the extent of capacities on the ground and the resources available. CVR coordination and partnerships should be devolved as much as possible to the local level, and bureaucratic and administrative procedures should be kept to an acceptable minimum. Decisions on the particular form and content of part- nerships and coordination will be informed by the CVR mandate; the peace agreement (if one has been signed); government, donor, and mission and UNCT capacities; and local dynamics on the ground. Partners and coordinating mechanisms may change over time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":263, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners may also elect to introduce administrative procedures to speed up decision-making on project selection, reduce the number of tranches for projects and prioritize initiatives that are subject to seasonal effects (e.g., planting, har- vest, transhumance, insect-born disease), climatic factors (e.g., rainfall, flooding and droughts), and calendar years (e.g., schooling and holidays).CVR projects should ensure a high degree of oversight and support to benefi- ciaries.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction ddr practitioner may also elect introduce administrative procedure speed decisionmaking project selection reduce number tranche project prioritize initiative subject seasonal effect e.g . planting har vest transhumance insectborn disease climatic factor e.g . rainfall flooding drought calendar year e.g . schooling holidays.cvr project ensure high degree oversight support benefi ciaries ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.6 Partnerships and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes should adopt a graduated approach to implementation. In many cases, it is advisable to start CVR initiatives with an experimental pilot phase of 6\u20138 months. Pilot projects are useful to assess local capacities, identify prospective part- ners and test out community receptivity. An incremental approach may help DDR practitioners sharpen their overall objectives and theories of change, while gradually building up strategic partnerships across government, host communities and interna- tional agencies that are essential for longer-term success. There are potentially strong demonstration effects from successful projects, and these should be advertised where possible.Delays in CVR implementation \u2013 particularly in relation to project selection and project disbursements \u2013 may undermine the credibility of the intervention and gen- erate risks for personnel. Bottlenecks are routine, yet in many cases avoidable. DDR practitioners, implementing partners and PSCs (or equivalent entities) shall set real- istic timelines, manage expectations and ensure regular communication with project beneficiaries. DDR practitioners may also elect to introduce administrative procedures to speed up decision-making on project selection, reduce the number of tranches for projects and prioritize initiatives that are subject to seasonal effects (e.g., planting, har- vest, transhumance, insect-born disease), climatic factors (e.g., rainfall, flooding and droughts), and calendar years (e.g., schooling and holidays).CVR projects should ensure a high degree of oversight and support to benefi- ciaries. Effective CVR is often a function of the quality of field personnel \u2013 including implementing partners \u2013 and their ability to apply a high degree of emotional intelli- gence. Experienced DDR practitioners should have a demonstrated ability to engage with complex social and cultural norms and their intersecting gender dynamics in order to build trust with beneficiaries and affected communities. This engagement frequently requires a minimum competence in the local language(s) together with a developed capacity to empathize and communicate. DDR field practitioners should have the discretion and autonomy to craft inter-agency partnerships, rapidly solve problems in volatile settings, and innovate in moments of crisis.CVR shall involve an array implementing partners and a variety of coordinat- ing mechanisms. The nature of these partnerships and coordination mechanisms shall depend on the national and local context, the extent of capacities on the ground and the resources available. CVR coordination and partnerships should be devolved as much as possible to the local level, and bureaucratic and administrative procedures should be kept to an acceptable minimum. Decisions on the particular form and content of part- nerships and coordination will be informed by the CVR mandate; the peace agreement (if one has been signed); government, donor, and mission and UNCT capacities; and local dynamics on the ground. Partners and coordinating mechanisms may change over time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":263, "Sentence":"Effective CVR is often a function of the quality of field personnel \u2013 including implementing partners \u2013 and their ability to apply a high degree of emotional intelli- gence.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction effective cvr often function quality field personnel \u2013 including implementing partner \u2013 ability apply high degree emotional intelli gence ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.6 Partnerships and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes should adopt a graduated approach to implementation. In many cases, it is advisable to start CVR initiatives with an experimental pilot phase of 6\u20138 months. Pilot projects are useful to assess local capacities, identify prospective part- ners and test out community receptivity. An incremental approach may help DDR practitioners sharpen their overall objectives and theories of change, while gradually building up strategic partnerships across government, host communities and interna- tional agencies that are essential for longer-term success. There are potentially strong demonstration effects from successful projects, and these should be advertised where possible.Delays in CVR implementation \u2013 particularly in relation to project selection and project disbursements \u2013 may undermine the credibility of the intervention and gen- erate risks for personnel. Bottlenecks are routine, yet in many cases avoidable. DDR practitioners, implementing partners and PSCs (or equivalent entities) shall set real- istic timelines, manage expectations and ensure regular communication with project beneficiaries. DDR practitioners may also elect to introduce administrative procedures to speed up decision-making on project selection, reduce the number of tranches for projects and prioritize initiatives that are subject to seasonal effects (e.g., planting, har- vest, transhumance, insect-born disease), climatic factors (e.g., rainfall, flooding and droughts), and calendar years (e.g., schooling and holidays).CVR projects should ensure a high degree of oversight and support to benefi- ciaries. Effective CVR is often a function of the quality of field personnel \u2013 including implementing partners \u2013 and their ability to apply a high degree of emotional intelli- gence. Experienced DDR practitioners should have a demonstrated ability to engage with complex social and cultural norms and their intersecting gender dynamics in order to build trust with beneficiaries and affected communities. This engagement frequently requires a minimum competence in the local language(s) together with a developed capacity to empathize and communicate. DDR field practitioners should have the discretion and autonomy to craft inter-agency partnerships, rapidly solve problems in volatile settings, and innovate in moments of crisis.CVR shall involve an array implementing partners and a variety of coordinat- ing mechanisms. The nature of these partnerships and coordination mechanisms shall depend on the national and local context, the extent of capacities on the ground and the resources available. CVR coordination and partnerships should be devolved as much as possible to the local level, and bureaucratic and administrative procedures should be kept to an acceptable minimum. Decisions on the particular form and content of part- nerships and coordination will be informed by the CVR mandate; the peace agreement (if one has been signed); government, donor, and mission and UNCT capacities; and local dynamics on the ground. Partners and coordinating mechanisms may change over time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":263, "Sentence":"Experienced DDR practitioners should have a demonstrated ability to engage with complex social and cultural norms and their intersecting gender dynamics in order to build trust with beneficiaries and affected communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction experienced ddr practitioner demonstrated ability engage complex social cultural norm intersecting gender dynamic order build trust beneficiary affected community ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.6 Partnerships and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes should adopt a graduated approach to implementation. In many cases, it is advisable to start CVR initiatives with an experimental pilot phase of 6\u20138 months. Pilot projects are useful to assess local capacities, identify prospective part- ners and test out community receptivity. An incremental approach may help DDR practitioners sharpen their overall objectives and theories of change, while gradually building up strategic partnerships across government, host communities and interna- tional agencies that are essential for longer-term success. There are potentially strong demonstration effects from successful projects, and these should be advertised where possible.Delays in CVR implementation \u2013 particularly in relation to project selection and project disbursements \u2013 may undermine the credibility of the intervention and gen- erate risks for personnel. Bottlenecks are routine, yet in many cases avoidable. DDR practitioners, implementing partners and PSCs (or equivalent entities) shall set real- istic timelines, manage expectations and ensure regular communication with project beneficiaries. DDR practitioners may also elect to introduce administrative procedures to speed up decision-making on project selection, reduce the number of tranches for projects and prioritize initiatives that are subject to seasonal effects (e.g., planting, har- vest, transhumance, insect-born disease), climatic factors (e.g., rainfall, flooding and droughts), and calendar years (e.g., schooling and holidays).CVR projects should ensure a high degree of oversight and support to benefi- ciaries. Effective CVR is often a function of the quality of field personnel \u2013 including implementing partners \u2013 and their ability to apply a high degree of emotional intelli- gence. Experienced DDR practitioners should have a demonstrated ability to engage with complex social and cultural norms and their intersecting gender dynamics in order to build trust with beneficiaries and affected communities. This engagement frequently requires a minimum competence in the local language(s) together with a developed capacity to empathize and communicate. DDR field practitioners should have the discretion and autonomy to craft inter-agency partnerships, rapidly solve problems in volatile settings, and innovate in moments of crisis.CVR shall involve an array implementing partners and a variety of coordinat- ing mechanisms. The nature of these partnerships and coordination mechanisms shall depend on the national and local context, the extent of capacities on the ground and the resources available. CVR coordination and partnerships should be devolved as much as possible to the local level, and bureaucratic and administrative procedures should be kept to an acceptable minimum. Decisions on the particular form and content of part- nerships and coordination will be informed by the CVR mandate; the peace agreement (if one has been signed); government, donor, and mission and UNCT capacities; and local dynamics on the ground. Partners and coordinating mechanisms may change over time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":263, "Sentence":"This engagement frequently requires a minimum competence in the local language(s) together with a developed capacity to empathize and communicate.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction engagement frequently requires minimum competence local language together developed capacity empathize communicate ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.6 Partnerships and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes should adopt a graduated approach to implementation. In many cases, it is advisable to start CVR initiatives with an experimental pilot phase of 6\u20138 months. Pilot projects are useful to assess local capacities, identify prospective part- ners and test out community receptivity. An incremental approach may help DDR practitioners sharpen their overall objectives and theories of change, while gradually building up strategic partnerships across government, host communities and interna- tional agencies that are essential for longer-term success. There are potentially strong demonstration effects from successful projects, and these should be advertised where possible.Delays in CVR implementation \u2013 particularly in relation to project selection and project disbursements \u2013 may undermine the credibility of the intervention and gen- erate risks for personnel. Bottlenecks are routine, yet in many cases avoidable. DDR practitioners, implementing partners and PSCs (or equivalent entities) shall set real- istic timelines, manage expectations and ensure regular communication with project beneficiaries. DDR practitioners may also elect to introduce administrative procedures to speed up decision-making on project selection, reduce the number of tranches for projects and prioritize initiatives that are subject to seasonal effects (e.g., planting, har- vest, transhumance, insect-born disease), climatic factors (e.g., rainfall, flooding and droughts), and calendar years (e.g., schooling and holidays).CVR projects should ensure a high degree of oversight and support to benefi- ciaries. Effective CVR is often a function of the quality of field personnel \u2013 including implementing partners \u2013 and their ability to apply a high degree of emotional intelli- gence. Experienced DDR practitioners should have a demonstrated ability to engage with complex social and cultural norms and their intersecting gender dynamics in order to build trust with beneficiaries and affected communities. This engagement frequently requires a minimum competence in the local language(s) together with a developed capacity to empathize and communicate. DDR field practitioners should have the discretion and autonomy to craft inter-agency partnerships, rapidly solve problems in volatile settings, and innovate in moments of crisis.CVR shall involve an array implementing partners and a variety of coordinat- ing mechanisms. The nature of these partnerships and coordination mechanisms shall depend on the national and local context, the extent of capacities on the ground and the resources available. CVR coordination and partnerships should be devolved as much as possible to the local level, and bureaucratic and administrative procedures should be kept to an acceptable minimum. Decisions on the particular form and content of part- nerships and coordination will be informed by the CVR mandate; the peace agreement (if one has been signed); government, donor, and mission and UNCT capacities; and local dynamics on the ground. Partners and coordinating mechanisms may change over time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":263, "Sentence":"DDR field practitioners should have the discretion and autonomy to craft inter-agency partnerships, rapidly solve problems in volatile settings, and innovate in moments of crisis.CVR shall involve an array implementing partners and a variety of coordinat- ing mechanisms.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction ddr field practitioner discretion autonomy craft interagency partnership rapidly solve problem volatile setting innovate moment crisis.cvr shall involve array implementing partner variety coordinat ing mechanism ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.6 Partnerships and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes should adopt a graduated approach to implementation. In many cases, it is advisable to start CVR initiatives with an experimental pilot phase of 6\u20138 months. Pilot projects are useful to assess local capacities, identify prospective part- ners and test out community receptivity. An incremental approach may help DDR practitioners sharpen their overall objectives and theories of change, while gradually building up strategic partnerships across government, host communities and interna- tional agencies that are essential for longer-term success. There are potentially strong demonstration effects from successful projects, and these should be advertised where possible.Delays in CVR implementation \u2013 particularly in relation to project selection and project disbursements \u2013 may undermine the credibility of the intervention and gen- erate risks for personnel. Bottlenecks are routine, yet in many cases avoidable. DDR practitioners, implementing partners and PSCs (or equivalent entities) shall set real- istic timelines, manage expectations and ensure regular communication with project beneficiaries. DDR practitioners may also elect to introduce administrative procedures to speed up decision-making on project selection, reduce the number of tranches for projects and prioritize initiatives that are subject to seasonal effects (e.g., planting, har- vest, transhumance, insect-born disease), climatic factors (e.g., rainfall, flooding and droughts), and calendar years (e.g., schooling and holidays).CVR projects should ensure a high degree of oversight and support to benefi- ciaries. Effective CVR is often a function of the quality of field personnel \u2013 including implementing partners \u2013 and their ability to apply a high degree of emotional intelli- gence. Experienced DDR practitioners should have a demonstrated ability to engage with complex social and cultural norms and their intersecting gender dynamics in order to build trust with beneficiaries and affected communities. This engagement frequently requires a minimum competence in the local language(s) together with a developed capacity to empathize and communicate. DDR field practitioners should have the discretion and autonomy to craft inter-agency partnerships, rapidly solve problems in volatile settings, and innovate in moments of crisis.CVR shall involve an array implementing partners and a variety of coordinat- ing mechanisms. The nature of these partnerships and coordination mechanisms shall depend on the national and local context, the extent of capacities on the ground and the resources available. CVR coordination and partnerships should be devolved as much as possible to the local level, and bureaucratic and administrative procedures should be kept to an acceptable minimum. Decisions on the particular form and content of part- nerships and coordination will be informed by the CVR mandate; the peace agreement (if one has been signed); government, donor, and mission and UNCT capacities; and local dynamics on the ground. Partners and coordinating mechanisms may change over time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":263, "Sentence":"The nature of these partnerships and coordination mechanisms shall depend on the national and local context, the extent of capacities on the ground and the resources available.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction nature partnership coordination mechanism shall depend national local context extent capacity ground resource available ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.6 Partnerships and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes should adopt a graduated approach to implementation. In many cases, it is advisable to start CVR initiatives with an experimental pilot phase of 6\u20138 months. Pilot projects are useful to assess local capacities, identify prospective part- ners and test out community receptivity. An incremental approach may help DDR practitioners sharpen their overall objectives and theories of change, while gradually building up strategic partnerships across government, host communities and interna- tional agencies that are essential for longer-term success. There are potentially strong demonstration effects from successful projects, and these should be advertised where possible.Delays in CVR implementation \u2013 particularly in relation to project selection and project disbursements \u2013 may undermine the credibility of the intervention and gen- erate risks for personnel. Bottlenecks are routine, yet in many cases avoidable. DDR practitioners, implementing partners and PSCs (or equivalent entities) shall set real- istic timelines, manage expectations and ensure regular communication with project beneficiaries. DDR practitioners may also elect to introduce administrative procedures to speed up decision-making on project selection, reduce the number of tranches for projects and prioritize initiatives that are subject to seasonal effects (e.g., planting, har- vest, transhumance, insect-born disease), climatic factors (e.g., rainfall, flooding and droughts), and calendar years (e.g., schooling and holidays).CVR projects should ensure a high degree of oversight and support to benefi- ciaries. Effective CVR is often a function of the quality of field personnel \u2013 including implementing partners \u2013 and their ability to apply a high degree of emotional intelli- gence. Experienced DDR practitioners should have a demonstrated ability to engage with complex social and cultural norms and their intersecting gender dynamics in order to build trust with beneficiaries and affected communities. This engagement frequently requires a minimum competence in the local language(s) together with a developed capacity to empathize and communicate. DDR field practitioners should have the discretion and autonomy to craft inter-agency partnerships, rapidly solve problems in volatile settings, and innovate in moments of crisis.CVR shall involve an array implementing partners and a variety of coordinat- ing mechanisms. The nature of these partnerships and coordination mechanisms shall depend on the national and local context, the extent of capacities on the ground and the resources available. CVR coordination and partnerships should be devolved as much as possible to the local level, and bureaucratic and administrative procedures should be kept to an acceptable minimum. Decisions on the particular form and content of part- nerships and coordination will be informed by the CVR mandate; the peace agreement (if one has been signed); government, donor, and mission and UNCT capacities; and local dynamics on the ground. Partners and coordinating mechanisms may change over time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":263, "Sentence":"CVR coordination and partnerships should be devolved as much as possible to the local level, and bureaucratic and administrative procedures should be kept to an acceptable minimum.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr coordination partnership devolved much possible local level bureaucratic administrative procedure kept acceptable minimum ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.6 Partnerships and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes should adopt a graduated approach to implementation. In many cases, it is advisable to start CVR initiatives with an experimental pilot phase of 6\u20138 months. Pilot projects are useful to assess local capacities, identify prospective part- ners and test out community receptivity. An incremental approach may help DDR practitioners sharpen their overall objectives and theories of change, while gradually building up strategic partnerships across government, host communities and interna- tional agencies that are essential for longer-term success. There are potentially strong demonstration effects from successful projects, and these should be advertised where possible.Delays in CVR implementation \u2013 particularly in relation to project selection and project disbursements \u2013 may undermine the credibility of the intervention and gen- erate risks for personnel. Bottlenecks are routine, yet in many cases avoidable. DDR practitioners, implementing partners and PSCs (or equivalent entities) shall set real- istic timelines, manage expectations and ensure regular communication with project beneficiaries. DDR practitioners may also elect to introduce administrative procedures to speed up decision-making on project selection, reduce the number of tranches for projects and prioritize initiatives that are subject to seasonal effects (e.g., planting, har- vest, transhumance, insect-born disease), climatic factors (e.g., rainfall, flooding and droughts), and calendar years (e.g., schooling and holidays).CVR projects should ensure a high degree of oversight and support to benefi- ciaries. Effective CVR is often a function of the quality of field personnel \u2013 including implementing partners \u2013 and their ability to apply a high degree of emotional intelli- gence. Experienced DDR practitioners should have a demonstrated ability to engage with complex social and cultural norms and their intersecting gender dynamics in order to build trust with beneficiaries and affected communities. This engagement frequently requires a minimum competence in the local language(s) together with a developed capacity to empathize and communicate. DDR field practitioners should have the discretion and autonomy to craft inter-agency partnerships, rapidly solve problems in volatile settings, and innovate in moments of crisis.CVR shall involve an array implementing partners and a variety of coordinat- ing mechanisms. The nature of these partnerships and coordination mechanisms shall depend on the national and local context, the extent of capacities on the ground and the resources available. CVR coordination and partnerships should be devolved as much as possible to the local level, and bureaucratic and administrative procedures should be kept to an acceptable minimum. Decisions on the particular form and content of part- nerships and coordination will be informed by the CVR mandate; the peace agreement (if one has been signed); government, donor, and mission and UNCT capacities; and local dynamics on the ground. Partners and coordinating mechanisms may change over time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":263, "Sentence":"Decisions on the particular form and content of part- nerships and coordination will be informed by the CVR mandate; the peace agreement (if one has been signed); government, donor, and mission and UNCT capacities; and local dynamics on the ground.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction decision particular form content part nerships coordination informed cvr mandate peace agreement one signed government donor mission unct capacity local dynamic ground ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.6 Partnerships and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes should adopt a graduated approach to implementation. In many cases, it is advisable to start CVR initiatives with an experimental pilot phase of 6\u20138 months. Pilot projects are useful to assess local capacities, identify prospective part- ners and test out community receptivity. An incremental approach may help DDR practitioners sharpen their overall objectives and theories of change, while gradually building up strategic partnerships across government, host communities and interna- tional agencies that are essential for longer-term success. There are potentially strong demonstration effects from successful projects, and these should be advertised where possible.Delays in CVR implementation \u2013 particularly in relation to project selection and project disbursements \u2013 may undermine the credibility of the intervention and gen- erate risks for personnel. Bottlenecks are routine, yet in many cases avoidable. DDR practitioners, implementing partners and PSCs (or equivalent entities) shall set real- istic timelines, manage expectations and ensure regular communication with project beneficiaries. DDR practitioners may also elect to introduce administrative procedures to speed up decision-making on project selection, reduce the number of tranches for projects and prioritize initiatives that are subject to seasonal effects (e.g., planting, har- vest, transhumance, insect-born disease), climatic factors (e.g., rainfall, flooding and droughts), and calendar years (e.g., schooling and holidays).CVR projects should ensure a high degree of oversight and support to benefi- ciaries. Effective CVR is often a function of the quality of field personnel \u2013 including implementing partners \u2013 and their ability to apply a high degree of emotional intelli- gence. Experienced DDR practitioners should have a demonstrated ability to engage with complex social and cultural norms and their intersecting gender dynamics in order to build trust with beneficiaries and affected communities. This engagement frequently requires a minimum competence in the local language(s) together with a developed capacity to empathize and communicate. DDR field practitioners should have the discretion and autonomy to craft inter-agency partnerships, rapidly solve problems in volatile settings, and innovate in moments of crisis.CVR shall involve an array implementing partners and a variety of coordinat- ing mechanisms. The nature of these partnerships and coordination mechanisms shall depend on the national and local context, the extent of capacities on the ground and the resources available. CVR coordination and partnerships should be devolved as much as possible to the local level, and bureaucratic and administrative procedures should be kept to an acceptable minimum. Decisions on the particular form and content of part- nerships and coordination will be informed by the CVR mandate; the peace agreement (if one has been signed); government, donor, and mission and UNCT capacities; and local dynamics on the ground. Partners and coordinating mechanisms may change over time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":263, "Sentence":"Partners and coordinating mechanisms may change over time.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction partner coordinating mechanism may change time ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.7 Timeframes and budgeting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"There is no fixed or standard timeframe for CVR. The length of CVR projects varies according to the nature of the context, including the funding source \u2013 whether an assessed budget, a dedicated trust fund, a voluntary contribution or some combination of these options. Specific CVR projects in mission contexts will be no more than one year, whereas this timeframe may be longer in non-mission contexts, particularly when it forms a single programme with reintegration support. Setting a temporal threshold is important to set expectations and to avoid an indefinite continuation of CVR projects. DDR practitioners should also set aside adequate time to undertake due diligence of partners, organize partnership modalities, transfer grants, monitor and evaluate inter- ventions, and communicate results.There are economies of scale that are associated with CVR. Specifically, there are advantages in investing in larger CVR projects with wider caseloads from capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) perspectives. Specifically, the initial CAPEX in CVR \u2013 in personnel, transportation, logistics and large project outlays \u2013 can be high. This is because many CVR interventions are frequently pursued in challenging environments: large public works projects often require complex engi- neering support. The marginal OPEX implications of adding additional beneficiaries is comparatively low. CVR may at times be more cost-effective as the size of the caseload grows. There are risks, of course, in that CVR programmes may introduce biases by favouring projects and locations with larger prospective caseloads. In some cases, it may be preferable to explore mobile CVR teams for modest-sized target groups in hard-to-reach areas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":264, "Sentence":"There is no fixed or standard timeframe for CVR.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction fixed standard timeframe cvr ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.7 Timeframes and budgeting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"There is no fixed or standard timeframe for CVR. The length of CVR projects varies according to the nature of the context, including the funding source \u2013 whether an assessed budget, a dedicated trust fund, a voluntary contribution or some combination of these options. Specific CVR projects in mission contexts will be no more than one year, whereas this timeframe may be longer in non-mission contexts, particularly when it forms a single programme with reintegration support. Setting a temporal threshold is important to set expectations and to avoid an indefinite continuation of CVR projects. DDR practitioners should also set aside adequate time to undertake due diligence of partners, organize partnership modalities, transfer grants, monitor and evaluate inter- ventions, and communicate results.There are economies of scale that are associated with CVR. Specifically, there are advantages in investing in larger CVR projects with wider caseloads from capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) perspectives. Specifically, the initial CAPEX in CVR \u2013 in personnel, transportation, logistics and large project outlays \u2013 can be high. This is because many CVR interventions are frequently pursued in challenging environments: large public works projects often require complex engi- neering support. The marginal OPEX implications of adding additional beneficiaries is comparatively low. CVR may at times be more cost-effective as the size of the caseload grows. There are risks, of course, in that CVR programmes may introduce biases by favouring projects and locations with larger prospective caseloads. In some cases, it may be preferable to explore mobile CVR teams for modest-sized target groups in hard-to-reach areas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":264, "Sentence":"The length of CVR projects varies according to the nature of the context, including the funding source \u2013 whether an assessed budget, a dedicated trust fund, a voluntary contribution or some combination of these options.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction length cvr project varies according nature context including funding source \u2013 whether assessed budget dedicated trust fund voluntary contribution combination option ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.7 Timeframes and budgeting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"There is no fixed or standard timeframe for CVR. The length of CVR projects varies according to the nature of the context, including the funding source \u2013 whether an assessed budget, a dedicated trust fund, a voluntary contribution or some combination of these options. Specific CVR projects in mission contexts will be no more than one year, whereas this timeframe may be longer in non-mission contexts, particularly when it forms a single programme with reintegration support. Setting a temporal threshold is important to set expectations and to avoid an indefinite continuation of CVR projects. DDR practitioners should also set aside adequate time to undertake due diligence of partners, organize partnership modalities, transfer grants, monitor and evaluate inter- ventions, and communicate results.There are economies of scale that are associated with CVR. Specifically, there are advantages in investing in larger CVR projects with wider caseloads from capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) perspectives. Specifically, the initial CAPEX in CVR \u2013 in personnel, transportation, logistics and large project outlays \u2013 can be high. This is because many CVR interventions are frequently pursued in challenging environments: large public works projects often require complex engi- neering support. The marginal OPEX implications of adding additional beneficiaries is comparatively low. CVR may at times be more cost-effective as the size of the caseload grows. There are risks, of course, in that CVR programmes may introduce biases by favouring projects and locations with larger prospective caseloads. In some cases, it may be preferable to explore mobile CVR teams for modest-sized target groups in hard-to-reach areas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":264, "Sentence":"Specific CVR projects in mission contexts will be no more than one year, whereas this timeframe may be longer in non-mission contexts, particularly when it forms a single programme with reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction specific cvr project mission context one year whereas timeframe may longer nonmission context particularly form single programme reintegration support ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.7 Timeframes and budgeting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"There is no fixed or standard timeframe for CVR. The length of CVR projects varies according to the nature of the context, including the funding source \u2013 whether an assessed budget, a dedicated trust fund, a voluntary contribution or some combination of these options. Specific CVR projects in mission contexts will be no more than one year, whereas this timeframe may be longer in non-mission contexts, particularly when it forms a single programme with reintegration support. Setting a temporal threshold is important to set expectations and to avoid an indefinite continuation of CVR projects. DDR practitioners should also set aside adequate time to undertake due diligence of partners, organize partnership modalities, transfer grants, monitor and evaluate inter- ventions, and communicate results.There are economies of scale that are associated with CVR. Specifically, there are advantages in investing in larger CVR projects with wider caseloads from capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) perspectives. Specifically, the initial CAPEX in CVR \u2013 in personnel, transportation, logistics and large project outlays \u2013 can be high. This is because many CVR interventions are frequently pursued in challenging environments: large public works projects often require complex engi- neering support. The marginal OPEX implications of adding additional beneficiaries is comparatively low. CVR may at times be more cost-effective as the size of the caseload grows. There are risks, of course, in that CVR programmes may introduce biases by favouring projects and locations with larger prospective caseloads. In some cases, it may be preferable to explore mobile CVR teams for modest-sized target groups in hard-to-reach areas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":264, "Sentence":"Setting a temporal threshold is important to set expectations and to avoid an indefinite continuation of CVR projects.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction setting temporal threshold important set expectation avoid indefinite continuation cvr project ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.7 Timeframes and budgeting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"There is no fixed or standard timeframe for CVR. The length of CVR projects varies according to the nature of the context, including the funding source \u2013 whether an assessed budget, a dedicated trust fund, a voluntary contribution or some combination of these options. Specific CVR projects in mission contexts will be no more than one year, whereas this timeframe may be longer in non-mission contexts, particularly when it forms a single programme with reintegration support. Setting a temporal threshold is important to set expectations and to avoid an indefinite continuation of CVR projects. DDR practitioners should also set aside adequate time to undertake due diligence of partners, organize partnership modalities, transfer grants, monitor and evaluate inter- ventions, and communicate results.There are economies of scale that are associated with CVR. Specifically, there are advantages in investing in larger CVR projects with wider caseloads from capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) perspectives. Specifically, the initial CAPEX in CVR \u2013 in personnel, transportation, logistics and large project outlays \u2013 can be high. This is because many CVR interventions are frequently pursued in challenging environments: large public works projects often require complex engi- neering support. The marginal OPEX implications of adding additional beneficiaries is comparatively low. CVR may at times be more cost-effective as the size of the caseload grows. There are risks, of course, in that CVR programmes may introduce biases by favouring projects and locations with larger prospective caseloads. In some cases, it may be preferable to explore mobile CVR teams for modest-sized target groups in hard-to-reach areas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":264, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should also set aside adequate time to undertake due diligence of partners, organize partnership modalities, transfer grants, monitor and evaluate inter- ventions, and communicate results.There are economies of scale that are associated with CVR.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction ddr practitioner also set aside adequate time undertake due diligence partner organize partnership modality transfer grant monitor evaluate inter ventions communicate results.there economy scale associated cvr ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.7 Timeframes and budgeting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"There is no fixed or standard timeframe for CVR. The length of CVR projects varies according to the nature of the context, including the funding source \u2013 whether an assessed budget, a dedicated trust fund, a voluntary contribution or some combination of these options. Specific CVR projects in mission contexts will be no more than one year, whereas this timeframe may be longer in non-mission contexts, particularly when it forms a single programme with reintegration support. Setting a temporal threshold is important to set expectations and to avoid an indefinite continuation of CVR projects. DDR practitioners should also set aside adequate time to undertake due diligence of partners, organize partnership modalities, transfer grants, monitor and evaluate inter- ventions, and communicate results.There are economies of scale that are associated with CVR. Specifically, there are advantages in investing in larger CVR projects with wider caseloads from capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) perspectives. Specifically, the initial CAPEX in CVR \u2013 in personnel, transportation, logistics and large project outlays \u2013 can be high. This is because many CVR interventions are frequently pursued in challenging environments: large public works projects often require complex engi- neering support. The marginal OPEX implications of adding additional beneficiaries is comparatively low. CVR may at times be more cost-effective as the size of the caseload grows. There are risks, of course, in that CVR programmes may introduce biases by favouring projects and locations with larger prospective caseloads. In some cases, it may be preferable to explore mobile CVR teams for modest-sized target groups in hard-to-reach areas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":264, "Sentence":"Specifically, there are advantages in investing in larger CVR projects with wider caseloads from capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) perspectives.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction specifically advantage investing larger cvr project wider caseloads capital expenditure capex operational expenditure opex perspective ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.7 Timeframes and budgeting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"There is no fixed or standard timeframe for CVR. The length of CVR projects varies according to the nature of the context, including the funding source \u2013 whether an assessed budget, a dedicated trust fund, a voluntary contribution or some combination of these options. Specific CVR projects in mission contexts will be no more than one year, whereas this timeframe may be longer in non-mission contexts, particularly when it forms a single programme with reintegration support. Setting a temporal threshold is important to set expectations and to avoid an indefinite continuation of CVR projects. DDR practitioners should also set aside adequate time to undertake due diligence of partners, organize partnership modalities, transfer grants, monitor and evaluate inter- ventions, and communicate results.There are economies of scale that are associated with CVR. Specifically, there are advantages in investing in larger CVR projects with wider caseloads from capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) perspectives. Specifically, the initial CAPEX in CVR \u2013 in personnel, transportation, logistics and large project outlays \u2013 can be high. This is because many CVR interventions are frequently pursued in challenging environments: large public works projects often require complex engi- neering support. The marginal OPEX implications of adding additional beneficiaries is comparatively low. CVR may at times be more cost-effective as the size of the caseload grows. There are risks, of course, in that CVR programmes may introduce biases by favouring projects and locations with larger prospective caseloads. In some cases, it may be preferable to explore mobile CVR teams for modest-sized target groups in hard-to-reach areas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":264, "Sentence":"Specifically, the initial CAPEX in CVR \u2013 in personnel, transportation, logistics and large project outlays \u2013 can be high.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction specifically initial capex cvr \u2013 personnel transportation logistics large project outlay \u2013 high ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.7 Timeframes and budgeting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"There is no fixed or standard timeframe for CVR. The length of CVR projects varies according to the nature of the context, including the funding source \u2013 whether an assessed budget, a dedicated trust fund, a voluntary contribution or some combination of these options. Specific CVR projects in mission contexts will be no more than one year, whereas this timeframe may be longer in non-mission contexts, particularly when it forms a single programme with reintegration support. Setting a temporal threshold is important to set expectations and to avoid an indefinite continuation of CVR projects. DDR practitioners should also set aside adequate time to undertake due diligence of partners, organize partnership modalities, transfer grants, monitor and evaluate inter- ventions, and communicate results.There are economies of scale that are associated with CVR. Specifically, there are advantages in investing in larger CVR projects with wider caseloads from capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) perspectives. Specifically, the initial CAPEX in CVR \u2013 in personnel, transportation, logistics and large project outlays \u2013 can be high. This is because many CVR interventions are frequently pursued in challenging environments: large public works projects often require complex engi- neering support. The marginal OPEX implications of adding additional beneficiaries is comparatively low. CVR may at times be more cost-effective as the size of the caseload grows. There are risks, of course, in that CVR programmes may introduce biases by favouring projects and locations with larger prospective caseloads. In some cases, it may be preferable to explore mobile CVR teams for modest-sized target groups in hard-to-reach areas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":264, "Sentence":"This is because many CVR interventions are frequently pursued in challenging environments: large public works projects often require complex engi- neering support.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction many cvr intervention frequently pursued challenging environment large public work project often require complex engi neering support ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.7 Timeframes and budgeting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"There is no fixed or standard timeframe for CVR. The length of CVR projects varies according to the nature of the context, including the funding source \u2013 whether an assessed budget, a dedicated trust fund, a voluntary contribution or some combination of these options. Specific CVR projects in mission contexts will be no more than one year, whereas this timeframe may be longer in non-mission contexts, particularly when it forms a single programme with reintegration support. Setting a temporal threshold is important to set expectations and to avoid an indefinite continuation of CVR projects. DDR practitioners should also set aside adequate time to undertake due diligence of partners, organize partnership modalities, transfer grants, monitor and evaluate inter- ventions, and communicate results.There are economies of scale that are associated with CVR. Specifically, there are advantages in investing in larger CVR projects with wider caseloads from capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) perspectives. Specifically, the initial CAPEX in CVR \u2013 in personnel, transportation, logistics and large project outlays \u2013 can be high. This is because many CVR interventions are frequently pursued in challenging environments: large public works projects often require complex engi- neering support. The marginal OPEX implications of adding additional beneficiaries is comparatively low. CVR may at times be more cost-effective as the size of the caseload grows. There are risks, of course, in that CVR programmes may introduce biases by favouring projects and locations with larger prospective caseloads. In some cases, it may be preferable to explore mobile CVR teams for modest-sized target groups in hard-to-reach areas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":264, "Sentence":"The marginal OPEX implications of adding additional beneficiaries is comparatively low.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction marginal opex implication adding additional beneficiary comparatively low ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.7 Timeframes and budgeting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"There is no fixed or standard timeframe for CVR. The length of CVR projects varies according to the nature of the context, including the funding source \u2013 whether an assessed budget, a dedicated trust fund, a voluntary contribution or some combination of these options. Specific CVR projects in mission contexts will be no more than one year, whereas this timeframe may be longer in non-mission contexts, particularly when it forms a single programme with reintegration support. Setting a temporal threshold is important to set expectations and to avoid an indefinite continuation of CVR projects. DDR practitioners should also set aside adequate time to undertake due diligence of partners, organize partnership modalities, transfer grants, monitor and evaluate inter- ventions, and communicate results.There are economies of scale that are associated with CVR. Specifically, there are advantages in investing in larger CVR projects with wider caseloads from capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) perspectives. Specifically, the initial CAPEX in CVR \u2013 in personnel, transportation, logistics and large project outlays \u2013 can be high. This is because many CVR interventions are frequently pursued in challenging environments: large public works projects often require complex engi- neering support. The marginal OPEX implications of adding additional beneficiaries is comparatively low. CVR may at times be more cost-effective as the size of the caseload grows. There are risks, of course, in that CVR programmes may introduce biases by favouring projects and locations with larger prospective caseloads. In some cases, it may be preferable to explore mobile CVR teams for modest-sized target groups in hard-to-reach areas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":264, "Sentence":"CVR may at times be more cost-effective as the size of the caseload grows.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr may time costeffective size caseload grows ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.7 Timeframes and budgeting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"There is no fixed or standard timeframe for CVR. The length of CVR projects varies according to the nature of the context, including the funding source \u2013 whether an assessed budget, a dedicated trust fund, a voluntary contribution or some combination of these options. Specific CVR projects in mission contexts will be no more than one year, whereas this timeframe may be longer in non-mission contexts, particularly when it forms a single programme with reintegration support. Setting a temporal threshold is important to set expectations and to avoid an indefinite continuation of CVR projects. DDR practitioners should also set aside adequate time to undertake due diligence of partners, organize partnership modalities, transfer grants, monitor and evaluate inter- ventions, and communicate results.There are economies of scale that are associated with CVR. Specifically, there are advantages in investing in larger CVR projects with wider caseloads from capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) perspectives. Specifically, the initial CAPEX in CVR \u2013 in personnel, transportation, logistics and large project outlays \u2013 can be high. This is because many CVR interventions are frequently pursued in challenging environments: large public works projects often require complex engi- neering support. The marginal OPEX implications of adding additional beneficiaries is comparatively low. CVR may at times be more cost-effective as the size of the caseload grows. There are risks, of course, in that CVR programmes may introduce biases by favouring projects and locations with larger prospective caseloads. In some cases, it may be preferable to explore mobile CVR teams for modest-sized target groups in hard-to-reach areas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":264, "Sentence":"There are risks, of course, in that CVR programmes may introduce biases by favouring projects and locations with larger prospective caseloads.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction risk course cvr programme may introduce bias favouring project location larger prospective caseloads ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.7 Timeframes and budgeting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"There is no fixed or standard timeframe for CVR. The length of CVR projects varies according to the nature of the context, including the funding source \u2013 whether an assessed budget, a dedicated trust fund, a voluntary contribution or some combination of these options. Specific CVR projects in mission contexts will be no more than one year, whereas this timeframe may be longer in non-mission contexts, particularly when it forms a single programme with reintegration support. Setting a temporal threshold is important to set expectations and to avoid an indefinite continuation of CVR projects. DDR practitioners should also set aside adequate time to undertake due diligence of partners, organize partnership modalities, transfer grants, monitor and evaluate inter- ventions, and communicate results.There are economies of scale that are associated with CVR. Specifically, there are advantages in investing in larger CVR projects with wider caseloads from capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) perspectives. Specifically, the initial CAPEX in CVR \u2013 in personnel, transportation, logistics and large project outlays \u2013 can be high. This is because many CVR interventions are frequently pursued in challenging environments: large public works projects often require complex engi- neering support. The marginal OPEX implications of adding additional beneficiaries is comparatively low. CVR may at times be more cost-effective as the size of the caseload grows. There are risks, of course, in that CVR programmes may introduce biases by favouring projects and locations with larger prospective caseloads. In some cases, it may be preferable to explore mobile CVR teams for modest-sized target groups in hard-to-reach areas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":264, "Sentence":"In some cases, it may be preferable to explore mobile CVR teams for modest-sized target groups in hard-to-reach areas.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction case may preferable explore mobile cvr team modestsized target group hardtoreach area ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.8 Communication", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should design a robust communications and sensitization plan to reach prospective and actual beneficiaries. The plan should be informed by the baseline assessment (see section 6.3) and by an assessment of how people take up information and what outlets and means are considered most legitimate. These assessments should be adjusted as conditions change on the ground. Outreach can be facilitated by UN rep- resentatives, implementing partners, PSCs (or equivalent entities) and project benefi- ciaries themselves. Public information and sensitization campaigns shall explain CVR objectives, project selection criteria and the timelines involved. The goal is to strengthen the self-selection of prospective participants while also shaping the expectations of in- dividuals and communities. All communications, education and outreach campaigns and activities should be gender-responsive so as to reach women and girls and men and boys. Communications should also be gender-transformative and inclusive. This entails having a balance of voices and visual representations of men, women, boys, girls, minorities and other vulnerable groups, and their active involvement in leader- ship and implementation of outreach and education activities.The communications plan for a CVR programme should have clearly identified objectives, core stakeholder groups and expected results. Such plans can be delivered through television, radio, print outlets, social media, direct SMS outreach and other platforms. Ensuring a minimum level of transparency in CVR measures is critical in order to manage stakeholder expectations, be they government counterparts, international and national partners, or beneficiaries. CVR communications activities in mission and non-mission settings should be aligned to wider UN security, stability and devel- opment priorities.The communications plan can be administered in mission and country office settings through, where appropriate, a public sensitization and outreach (PSO) unit or equivalent body. All plans shall be clear about the intended primary and intermediate audiences, the languages being used, the underlying behavioural shifts that are expected (theory of change), the particular approaches to addressing the needs of women and girls as well as the protection of children, the most appropriate methods and modes for delivering sensitization material, the training measures for staff and communicators, and the expected indicators to track outputs and outcomes. Communications strate- gies should support positive gender norms and the positive roles played by men and women.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":265, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should design a robust communications and sensitization plan to reach prospective and actual beneficiaries.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction ddr practitioner design robust communication sensitization plan reach prospective actual beneficiary ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.8 Communication", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should design a robust communications and sensitization plan to reach prospective and actual beneficiaries. The plan should be informed by the baseline assessment (see section 6.3) and by an assessment of how people take up information and what outlets and means are considered most legitimate. These assessments should be adjusted as conditions change on the ground. Outreach can be facilitated by UN rep- resentatives, implementing partners, PSCs (or equivalent entities) and project benefi- ciaries themselves. Public information and sensitization campaigns shall explain CVR objectives, project selection criteria and the timelines involved. The goal is to strengthen the self-selection of prospective participants while also shaping the expectations of in- dividuals and communities. All communications, education and outreach campaigns and activities should be gender-responsive so as to reach women and girls and men and boys. Communications should also be gender-transformative and inclusive. This entails having a balance of voices and visual representations of men, women, boys, girls, minorities and other vulnerable groups, and their active involvement in leader- ship and implementation of outreach and education activities.The communications plan for a CVR programme should have clearly identified objectives, core stakeholder groups and expected results. Such plans can be delivered through television, radio, print outlets, social media, direct SMS outreach and other platforms. Ensuring a minimum level of transparency in CVR measures is critical in order to manage stakeholder expectations, be they government counterparts, international and national partners, or beneficiaries. CVR communications activities in mission and non-mission settings should be aligned to wider UN security, stability and devel- opment priorities.The communications plan can be administered in mission and country office settings through, where appropriate, a public sensitization and outreach (PSO) unit or equivalent body. All plans shall be clear about the intended primary and intermediate audiences, the languages being used, the underlying behavioural shifts that are expected (theory of change), the particular approaches to addressing the needs of women and girls as well as the protection of children, the most appropriate methods and modes for delivering sensitization material, the training measures for staff and communicators, and the expected indicators to track outputs and outcomes. Communications strate- gies should support positive gender norms and the positive roles played by men and women.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":265, "Sentence":"The plan should be informed by the baseline assessment (see section 6.3) and by an assessment of how people take up information and what outlets and means are considered most legitimate.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction plan informed baseline assessment see section 6.3 assessment people take information outlet mean considered legitimate ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.8 Communication", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should design a robust communications and sensitization plan to reach prospective and actual beneficiaries. The plan should be informed by the baseline assessment (see section 6.3) and by an assessment of how people take up information and what outlets and means are considered most legitimate. These assessments should be adjusted as conditions change on the ground. Outreach can be facilitated by UN rep- resentatives, implementing partners, PSCs (or equivalent entities) and project benefi- ciaries themselves. Public information and sensitization campaigns shall explain CVR objectives, project selection criteria and the timelines involved. The goal is to strengthen the self-selection of prospective participants while also shaping the expectations of in- dividuals and communities. All communications, education and outreach campaigns and activities should be gender-responsive so as to reach women and girls and men and boys. Communications should also be gender-transformative and inclusive. This entails having a balance of voices and visual representations of men, women, boys, girls, minorities and other vulnerable groups, and their active involvement in leader- ship and implementation of outreach and education activities.The communications plan for a CVR programme should have clearly identified objectives, core stakeholder groups and expected results. Such plans can be delivered through television, radio, print outlets, social media, direct SMS outreach and other platforms. Ensuring a minimum level of transparency in CVR measures is critical in order to manage stakeholder expectations, be they government counterparts, international and national partners, or beneficiaries. CVR communications activities in mission and non-mission settings should be aligned to wider UN security, stability and devel- opment priorities.The communications plan can be administered in mission and country office settings through, where appropriate, a public sensitization and outreach (PSO) unit or equivalent body. All plans shall be clear about the intended primary and intermediate audiences, the languages being used, the underlying behavioural shifts that are expected (theory of change), the particular approaches to addressing the needs of women and girls as well as the protection of children, the most appropriate methods and modes for delivering sensitization material, the training measures for staff and communicators, and the expected indicators to track outputs and outcomes. Communications strate- gies should support positive gender norms and the positive roles played by men and women.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":265, "Sentence":"These assessments should be adjusted as conditions change on the ground.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction assessment adjusted condition change ground ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.8 Communication", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should design a robust communications and sensitization plan to reach prospective and actual beneficiaries. The plan should be informed by the baseline assessment (see section 6.3) and by an assessment of how people take up information and what outlets and means are considered most legitimate. These assessments should be adjusted as conditions change on the ground. Outreach can be facilitated by UN rep- resentatives, implementing partners, PSCs (or equivalent entities) and project benefi- ciaries themselves. Public information and sensitization campaigns shall explain CVR objectives, project selection criteria and the timelines involved. The goal is to strengthen the self-selection of prospective participants while also shaping the expectations of in- dividuals and communities. All communications, education and outreach campaigns and activities should be gender-responsive so as to reach women and girls and men and boys. Communications should also be gender-transformative and inclusive. This entails having a balance of voices and visual representations of men, women, boys, girls, minorities and other vulnerable groups, and their active involvement in leader- ship and implementation of outreach and education activities.The communications plan for a CVR programme should have clearly identified objectives, core stakeholder groups and expected results. Such plans can be delivered through television, radio, print outlets, social media, direct SMS outreach and other platforms. Ensuring a minimum level of transparency in CVR measures is critical in order to manage stakeholder expectations, be they government counterparts, international and national partners, or beneficiaries. CVR communications activities in mission and non-mission settings should be aligned to wider UN security, stability and devel- opment priorities.The communications plan can be administered in mission and country office settings through, where appropriate, a public sensitization and outreach (PSO) unit or equivalent body. All plans shall be clear about the intended primary and intermediate audiences, the languages being used, the underlying behavioural shifts that are expected (theory of change), the particular approaches to addressing the needs of women and girls as well as the protection of children, the most appropriate methods and modes for delivering sensitization material, the training measures for staff and communicators, and the expected indicators to track outputs and outcomes. Communications strate- gies should support positive gender norms and the positive roles played by men and women.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":265, "Sentence":"Outreach can be facilitated by UN rep- resentatives, implementing partners, PSCs (or equivalent entities) and project benefi- ciaries themselves.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction outreach facilitated un rep resentatives implementing partner pscs equivalent entity project benefi ciaries ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.8 Communication", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should design a robust communications and sensitization plan to reach prospective and actual beneficiaries. The plan should be informed by the baseline assessment (see section 6.3) and by an assessment of how people take up information and what outlets and means are considered most legitimate. These assessments should be adjusted as conditions change on the ground. Outreach can be facilitated by UN rep- resentatives, implementing partners, PSCs (or equivalent entities) and project benefi- ciaries themselves. Public information and sensitization campaigns shall explain CVR objectives, project selection criteria and the timelines involved. The goal is to strengthen the self-selection of prospective participants while also shaping the expectations of in- dividuals and communities. All communications, education and outreach campaigns and activities should be gender-responsive so as to reach women and girls and men and boys. Communications should also be gender-transformative and inclusive. This entails having a balance of voices and visual representations of men, women, boys, girls, minorities and other vulnerable groups, and their active involvement in leader- ship and implementation of outreach and education activities.The communications plan for a CVR programme should have clearly identified objectives, core stakeholder groups and expected results. Such plans can be delivered through television, radio, print outlets, social media, direct SMS outreach and other platforms. Ensuring a minimum level of transparency in CVR measures is critical in order to manage stakeholder expectations, be they government counterparts, international and national partners, or beneficiaries. CVR communications activities in mission and non-mission settings should be aligned to wider UN security, stability and devel- opment priorities.The communications plan can be administered in mission and country office settings through, where appropriate, a public sensitization and outreach (PSO) unit or equivalent body. All plans shall be clear about the intended primary and intermediate audiences, the languages being used, the underlying behavioural shifts that are expected (theory of change), the particular approaches to addressing the needs of women and girls as well as the protection of children, the most appropriate methods and modes for delivering sensitization material, the training measures for staff and communicators, and the expected indicators to track outputs and outcomes. Communications strate- gies should support positive gender norms and the positive roles played by men and women.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":265, "Sentence":"Public information and sensitization campaigns shall explain CVR objectives, project selection criteria and the timelines involved.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction public information sensitization campaign shall explain cvr objective project selection criterion timeline involved ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.8 Communication", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should design a robust communications and sensitization plan to reach prospective and actual beneficiaries. The plan should be informed by the baseline assessment (see section 6.3) and by an assessment of how people take up information and what outlets and means are considered most legitimate. These assessments should be adjusted as conditions change on the ground. Outreach can be facilitated by UN rep- resentatives, implementing partners, PSCs (or equivalent entities) and project benefi- ciaries themselves. Public information and sensitization campaigns shall explain CVR objectives, project selection criteria and the timelines involved. The goal is to strengthen the self-selection of prospective participants while also shaping the expectations of in- dividuals and communities. All communications, education and outreach campaigns and activities should be gender-responsive so as to reach women and girls and men and boys. Communications should also be gender-transformative and inclusive. This entails having a balance of voices and visual representations of men, women, boys, girls, minorities and other vulnerable groups, and their active involvement in leader- ship and implementation of outreach and education activities.The communications plan for a CVR programme should have clearly identified objectives, core stakeholder groups and expected results. Such plans can be delivered through television, radio, print outlets, social media, direct SMS outreach and other platforms. Ensuring a minimum level of transparency in CVR measures is critical in order to manage stakeholder expectations, be they government counterparts, international and national partners, or beneficiaries. CVR communications activities in mission and non-mission settings should be aligned to wider UN security, stability and devel- opment priorities.The communications plan can be administered in mission and country office settings through, where appropriate, a public sensitization and outreach (PSO) unit or equivalent body. All plans shall be clear about the intended primary and intermediate audiences, the languages being used, the underlying behavioural shifts that are expected (theory of change), the particular approaches to addressing the needs of women and girls as well as the protection of children, the most appropriate methods and modes for delivering sensitization material, the training measures for staff and communicators, and the expected indicators to track outputs and outcomes. Communications strate- gies should support positive gender norms and the positive roles played by men and women.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":265, "Sentence":"The goal is to strengthen the self-selection of prospective participants while also shaping the expectations of in- dividuals and communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction goal strengthen selfselection prospective participant also shaping expectation dividuals community ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.8 Communication", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should design a robust communications and sensitization plan to reach prospective and actual beneficiaries. The plan should be informed by the baseline assessment (see section 6.3) and by an assessment of how people take up information and what outlets and means are considered most legitimate. These assessments should be adjusted as conditions change on the ground. Outreach can be facilitated by UN rep- resentatives, implementing partners, PSCs (or equivalent entities) and project benefi- ciaries themselves. Public information and sensitization campaigns shall explain CVR objectives, project selection criteria and the timelines involved. The goal is to strengthen the self-selection of prospective participants while also shaping the expectations of in- dividuals and communities. All communications, education and outreach campaigns and activities should be gender-responsive so as to reach women and girls and men and boys. Communications should also be gender-transformative and inclusive. This entails having a balance of voices and visual representations of men, women, boys, girls, minorities and other vulnerable groups, and their active involvement in leader- ship and implementation of outreach and education activities.The communications plan for a CVR programme should have clearly identified objectives, core stakeholder groups and expected results. Such plans can be delivered through television, radio, print outlets, social media, direct SMS outreach and other platforms. Ensuring a minimum level of transparency in CVR measures is critical in order to manage stakeholder expectations, be they government counterparts, international and national partners, or beneficiaries. CVR communications activities in mission and non-mission settings should be aligned to wider UN security, stability and devel- opment priorities.The communications plan can be administered in mission and country office settings through, where appropriate, a public sensitization and outreach (PSO) unit or equivalent body. All plans shall be clear about the intended primary and intermediate audiences, the languages being used, the underlying behavioural shifts that are expected (theory of change), the particular approaches to addressing the needs of women and girls as well as the protection of children, the most appropriate methods and modes for delivering sensitization material, the training measures for staff and communicators, and the expected indicators to track outputs and outcomes. Communications strate- gies should support positive gender norms and the positive roles played by men and women.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":265, "Sentence":"All communications, education and outreach campaigns and activities should be gender-responsive so as to reach women and girls and men and boys.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction communication education outreach campaign activity genderresponsive reach woman girl men boy ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.8 Communication", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should design a robust communications and sensitization plan to reach prospective and actual beneficiaries. The plan should be informed by the baseline assessment (see section 6.3) and by an assessment of how people take up information and what outlets and means are considered most legitimate. These assessments should be adjusted as conditions change on the ground. Outreach can be facilitated by UN rep- resentatives, implementing partners, PSCs (or equivalent entities) and project benefi- ciaries themselves. Public information and sensitization campaigns shall explain CVR objectives, project selection criteria and the timelines involved. The goal is to strengthen the self-selection of prospective participants while also shaping the expectations of in- dividuals and communities. All communications, education and outreach campaigns and activities should be gender-responsive so as to reach women and girls and men and boys. Communications should also be gender-transformative and inclusive. This entails having a balance of voices and visual representations of men, women, boys, girls, minorities and other vulnerable groups, and their active involvement in leader- ship and implementation of outreach and education activities.The communications plan for a CVR programme should have clearly identified objectives, core stakeholder groups and expected results. Such plans can be delivered through television, radio, print outlets, social media, direct SMS outreach and other platforms. Ensuring a minimum level of transparency in CVR measures is critical in order to manage stakeholder expectations, be they government counterparts, international and national partners, or beneficiaries. CVR communications activities in mission and non-mission settings should be aligned to wider UN security, stability and devel- opment priorities.The communications plan can be administered in mission and country office settings through, where appropriate, a public sensitization and outreach (PSO) unit or equivalent body. All plans shall be clear about the intended primary and intermediate audiences, the languages being used, the underlying behavioural shifts that are expected (theory of change), the particular approaches to addressing the needs of women and girls as well as the protection of children, the most appropriate methods and modes for delivering sensitization material, the training measures for staff and communicators, and the expected indicators to track outputs and outcomes. Communications strate- gies should support positive gender norms and the positive roles played by men and women.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":265, "Sentence":"Communications should also be gender-transformative and inclusive.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction communication also gendertransformative inclusive ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.8 Communication", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should design a robust communications and sensitization plan to reach prospective and actual beneficiaries. The plan should be informed by the baseline assessment (see section 6.3) and by an assessment of how people take up information and what outlets and means are considered most legitimate. These assessments should be adjusted as conditions change on the ground. Outreach can be facilitated by UN rep- resentatives, implementing partners, PSCs (or equivalent entities) and project benefi- ciaries themselves. Public information and sensitization campaigns shall explain CVR objectives, project selection criteria and the timelines involved. The goal is to strengthen the self-selection of prospective participants while also shaping the expectations of in- dividuals and communities. All communications, education and outreach campaigns and activities should be gender-responsive so as to reach women and girls and men and boys. Communications should also be gender-transformative and inclusive. This entails having a balance of voices and visual representations of men, women, boys, girls, minorities and other vulnerable groups, and their active involvement in leader- ship and implementation of outreach and education activities.The communications plan for a CVR programme should have clearly identified objectives, core stakeholder groups and expected results. Such plans can be delivered through television, radio, print outlets, social media, direct SMS outreach and other platforms. Ensuring a minimum level of transparency in CVR measures is critical in order to manage stakeholder expectations, be they government counterparts, international and national partners, or beneficiaries. CVR communications activities in mission and non-mission settings should be aligned to wider UN security, stability and devel- opment priorities.The communications plan can be administered in mission and country office settings through, where appropriate, a public sensitization and outreach (PSO) unit or equivalent body. All plans shall be clear about the intended primary and intermediate audiences, the languages being used, the underlying behavioural shifts that are expected (theory of change), the particular approaches to addressing the needs of women and girls as well as the protection of children, the most appropriate methods and modes for delivering sensitization material, the training measures for staff and communicators, and the expected indicators to track outputs and outcomes. Communications strate- gies should support positive gender norms and the positive roles played by men and women.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":265, "Sentence":"This entails having a balance of voices and visual representations of men, women, boys, girls, minorities and other vulnerable groups, and their active involvement in leader- ship and implementation of outreach and education activities.The communications plan for a CVR programme should have clearly identified objectives, core stakeholder groups and expected results.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction entail balance voice visual representation men woman boy girl minority vulnerable group active involvement leader ship implementation outreach education activities.the communication plan cvr programme clearly identified objective core stakeholder group expected result ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.8 Communication", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should design a robust communications and sensitization plan to reach prospective and actual beneficiaries. The plan should be informed by the baseline assessment (see section 6.3) and by an assessment of how people take up information and what outlets and means are considered most legitimate. These assessments should be adjusted as conditions change on the ground. Outreach can be facilitated by UN rep- resentatives, implementing partners, PSCs (or equivalent entities) and project benefi- ciaries themselves. Public information and sensitization campaigns shall explain CVR objectives, project selection criteria and the timelines involved. The goal is to strengthen the self-selection of prospective participants while also shaping the expectations of in- dividuals and communities. All communications, education and outreach campaigns and activities should be gender-responsive so as to reach women and girls and men and boys. Communications should also be gender-transformative and inclusive. This entails having a balance of voices and visual representations of men, women, boys, girls, minorities and other vulnerable groups, and their active involvement in leader- ship and implementation of outreach and education activities.The communications plan for a CVR programme should have clearly identified objectives, core stakeholder groups and expected results. Such plans can be delivered through television, radio, print outlets, social media, direct SMS outreach and other platforms. Ensuring a minimum level of transparency in CVR measures is critical in order to manage stakeholder expectations, be they government counterparts, international and national partners, or beneficiaries. CVR communications activities in mission and non-mission settings should be aligned to wider UN security, stability and devel- opment priorities.The communications plan can be administered in mission and country office settings through, where appropriate, a public sensitization and outreach (PSO) unit or equivalent body. All plans shall be clear about the intended primary and intermediate audiences, the languages being used, the underlying behavioural shifts that are expected (theory of change), the particular approaches to addressing the needs of women and girls as well as the protection of children, the most appropriate methods and modes for delivering sensitization material, the training measures for staff and communicators, and the expected indicators to track outputs and outcomes. Communications strate- gies should support positive gender norms and the positive roles played by men and women.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":265, "Sentence":"Such plans can be delivered through television, radio, print outlets, social media, direct SMS outreach and other platforms.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction plan delivered television radio print outlet social medium direct sm outreach platform ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.8 Communication", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should design a robust communications and sensitization plan to reach prospective and actual beneficiaries. The plan should be informed by the baseline assessment (see section 6.3) and by an assessment of how people take up information and what outlets and means are considered most legitimate. These assessments should be adjusted as conditions change on the ground. Outreach can be facilitated by UN rep- resentatives, implementing partners, PSCs (or equivalent entities) and project benefi- ciaries themselves. Public information and sensitization campaigns shall explain CVR objectives, project selection criteria and the timelines involved. The goal is to strengthen the self-selection of prospective participants while also shaping the expectations of in- dividuals and communities. All communications, education and outreach campaigns and activities should be gender-responsive so as to reach women and girls and men and boys. Communications should also be gender-transformative and inclusive. This entails having a balance of voices and visual representations of men, women, boys, girls, minorities and other vulnerable groups, and their active involvement in leader- ship and implementation of outreach and education activities.The communications plan for a CVR programme should have clearly identified objectives, core stakeholder groups and expected results. Such plans can be delivered through television, radio, print outlets, social media, direct SMS outreach and other platforms. Ensuring a minimum level of transparency in CVR measures is critical in order to manage stakeholder expectations, be they government counterparts, international and national partners, or beneficiaries. CVR communications activities in mission and non-mission settings should be aligned to wider UN security, stability and devel- opment priorities.The communications plan can be administered in mission and country office settings through, where appropriate, a public sensitization and outreach (PSO) unit or equivalent body. All plans shall be clear about the intended primary and intermediate audiences, the languages being used, the underlying behavioural shifts that are expected (theory of change), the particular approaches to addressing the needs of women and girls as well as the protection of children, the most appropriate methods and modes for delivering sensitization material, the training measures for staff and communicators, and the expected indicators to track outputs and outcomes. Communications strate- gies should support positive gender norms and the positive roles played by men and women.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":265, "Sentence":"Ensuring a minimum level of transparency in CVR measures is critical in order to manage stakeholder expectations, be they government counterparts, international and national partners, or beneficiaries.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction ensuring minimum level transparency cvr measure critical order manage stakeholder expectation government counterpart international national partner beneficiary ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.8 Communication", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should design a robust communications and sensitization plan to reach prospective and actual beneficiaries. The plan should be informed by the baseline assessment (see section 6.3) and by an assessment of how people take up information and what outlets and means are considered most legitimate. These assessments should be adjusted as conditions change on the ground. Outreach can be facilitated by UN rep- resentatives, implementing partners, PSCs (or equivalent entities) and project benefi- ciaries themselves. Public information and sensitization campaigns shall explain CVR objectives, project selection criteria and the timelines involved. The goal is to strengthen the self-selection of prospective participants while also shaping the expectations of in- dividuals and communities. All communications, education and outreach campaigns and activities should be gender-responsive so as to reach women and girls and men and boys. Communications should also be gender-transformative and inclusive. This entails having a balance of voices and visual representations of men, women, boys, girls, minorities and other vulnerable groups, and their active involvement in leader- ship and implementation of outreach and education activities.The communications plan for a CVR programme should have clearly identified objectives, core stakeholder groups and expected results. Such plans can be delivered through television, radio, print outlets, social media, direct SMS outreach and other platforms. Ensuring a minimum level of transparency in CVR measures is critical in order to manage stakeholder expectations, be they government counterparts, international and national partners, or beneficiaries. CVR communications activities in mission and non-mission settings should be aligned to wider UN security, stability and devel- opment priorities.The communications plan can be administered in mission and country office settings through, where appropriate, a public sensitization and outreach (PSO) unit or equivalent body. All plans shall be clear about the intended primary and intermediate audiences, the languages being used, the underlying behavioural shifts that are expected (theory of change), the particular approaches to addressing the needs of women and girls as well as the protection of children, the most appropriate methods and modes for delivering sensitization material, the training measures for staff and communicators, and the expected indicators to track outputs and outcomes. Communications strate- gies should support positive gender norms and the positive roles played by men and women.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":265, "Sentence":"CVR communications activities in mission and non-mission settings should be aligned to wider UN security, stability and devel- opment priorities.The communications plan can be administered in mission and country office settings through, where appropriate, a public sensitization and outreach (PSO) unit or equivalent body.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction cvr communication activity mission nonmission setting aligned wider un security stability devel opment priorities.the communication plan administered mission country office setting appropriate public sensitization outreach pso unit equivalent body ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.8 Communication", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should design a robust communications and sensitization plan to reach prospective and actual beneficiaries. The plan should be informed by the baseline assessment (see section 6.3) and by an assessment of how people take up information and what outlets and means are considered most legitimate. These assessments should be adjusted as conditions change on the ground. Outreach can be facilitated by UN rep- resentatives, implementing partners, PSCs (or equivalent entities) and project benefi- ciaries themselves. Public information and sensitization campaigns shall explain CVR objectives, project selection criteria and the timelines involved. The goal is to strengthen the self-selection of prospective participants while also shaping the expectations of in- dividuals and communities. All communications, education and outreach campaigns and activities should be gender-responsive so as to reach women and girls and men and boys. Communications should also be gender-transformative and inclusive. This entails having a balance of voices and visual representations of men, women, boys, girls, minorities and other vulnerable groups, and their active involvement in leader- ship and implementation of outreach and education activities.The communications plan for a CVR programme should have clearly identified objectives, core stakeholder groups and expected results. Such plans can be delivered through television, radio, print outlets, social media, direct SMS outreach and other platforms. Ensuring a minimum level of transparency in CVR measures is critical in order to manage stakeholder expectations, be they government counterparts, international and national partners, or beneficiaries. CVR communications activities in mission and non-mission settings should be aligned to wider UN security, stability and devel- opment priorities.The communications plan can be administered in mission and country office settings through, where appropriate, a public sensitization and outreach (PSO) unit or equivalent body. All plans shall be clear about the intended primary and intermediate audiences, the languages being used, the underlying behavioural shifts that are expected (theory of change), the particular approaches to addressing the needs of women and girls as well as the protection of children, the most appropriate methods and modes for delivering sensitization material, the training measures for staff and communicators, and the expected indicators to track outputs and outcomes. Communications strate- gies should support positive gender norms and the positive roles played by men and women.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":265, "Sentence":"All plans shall be clear about the intended primary and intermediate audiences, the languages being used, the underlying behavioural shifts that are expected (theory of change), the particular approaches to addressing the needs of women and girls as well as the protection of children, the most appropriate methods and modes for delivering sensitization material, the training measures for staff and communicators, and the expected indicators to track outputs and outcomes.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction plan shall clear intended primary intermediate audience language used underlying behavioural shift expected theory change particular approach addressing need woman girl well protection child appropriate method mode delivering sensitization material training measure staff communicator expected indicator track output outcome ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.30-Community-Violence-Reduction", "Heading1":"6. CVR programming", "Heading2":"6.8 Communication", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Community Violence Reduction", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners should design a robust communications and sensitization plan to reach prospective and actual beneficiaries. The plan should be informed by the baseline assessment (see section 6.3) and by an assessment of how people take up information and what outlets and means are considered most legitimate. These assessments should be adjusted as conditions change on the ground. Outreach can be facilitated by UN rep- resentatives, implementing partners, PSCs (or equivalent entities) and project benefi- ciaries themselves. Public information and sensitization campaigns shall explain CVR objectives, project selection criteria and the timelines involved. The goal is to strengthen the self-selection of prospective participants while also shaping the expectations of in- dividuals and communities. All communications, education and outreach campaigns and activities should be gender-responsive so as to reach women and girls and men and boys. Communications should also be gender-transformative and inclusive. This entails having a balance of voices and visual representations of men, women, boys, girls, minorities and other vulnerable groups, and their active involvement in leader- ship and implementation of outreach and education activities.The communications plan for a CVR programme should have clearly identified objectives, core stakeholder groups and expected results. Such plans can be delivered through television, radio, print outlets, social media, direct SMS outreach and other platforms. Ensuring a minimum level of transparency in CVR measures is critical in order to manage stakeholder expectations, be they government counterparts, international and national partners, or beneficiaries. CVR communications activities in mission and non-mission settings should be aligned to wider UN security, stability and devel- opment priorities.The communications plan can be administered in mission and country office settings through, where appropriate, a public sensitization and outreach (PSO) unit or equivalent body. All plans shall be clear about the intended primary and intermediate audiences, the languages being used, the underlying behavioural shifts that are expected (theory of change), the particular approaches to addressing the needs of women and girls as well as the protection of children, the most appropriate methods and modes for delivering sensitization material, the training measures for staff and communicators, and the expected indicators to track outputs and outcomes. Communications strate- gies should support positive gender norms and the positive roles played by men and women.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":265, "Sentence":"Communications strate- gies should support positive gender norms and the positive roles played by men and women.", "ProcessedSent":"Community Violence Reduction communication strate gy support positive gender norm positive role played men woman ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"A variety of actors in the UN system support DDR processes within national contexts. In carrying out DDR, these actors are governed by their respective constituent instruments, by the specific mandates provided by their respective governing bodies, and by applicable internal rules, policies and procedures.DDR is also undertaken within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that may be of relevance for the implementation of DDR tasks. This framework includes international humanitarian law, international human rights law, international criminal law, and international refugee law, as well as the international counter-terrorism and arms control frameworks. UN system-supported DDR processes should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under the international legal framework are respected.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":266, "Sentence":"A variety of actors in the UN system support DDR processes within national contexts.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR variety actor un system support ddr process within national context ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"A variety of actors in the UN system support DDR processes within national contexts. In carrying out DDR, these actors are governed by their respective constituent instruments, by the specific mandates provided by their respective governing bodies, and by applicable internal rules, policies and procedures.DDR is also undertaken within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that may be of relevance for the implementation of DDR tasks. This framework includes international humanitarian law, international human rights law, international criminal law, and international refugee law, as well as the international counter-terrorism and arms control frameworks. UN system-supported DDR processes should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under the international legal framework are respected.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":266, "Sentence":"In carrying out DDR, these actors are governed by their respective constituent instruments, by the specific mandates provided by their respective governing bodies, and by applicable internal rules, policies and procedures.DDR is also undertaken within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that may be of relevance for the implementation of DDR tasks.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR carrying ddr actor governed respective constituent instrument specific mandate provided respective governing body applicable internal rule policy procedures.ddr also undertaken within context broader international legal framework contains right obligation may relevance implementation ddr task ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"A variety of actors in the UN system support DDR processes within national contexts. In carrying out DDR, these actors are governed by their respective constituent instruments, by the specific mandates provided by their respective governing bodies, and by applicable internal rules, policies and procedures.DDR is also undertaken within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that may be of relevance for the implementation of DDR tasks. This framework includes international humanitarian law, international human rights law, international criminal law, and international refugee law, as well as the international counter-terrorism and arms control frameworks. UN system-supported DDR processes should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under the international legal framework are respected.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":266, "Sentence":"This framework includes international humanitarian law, international human rights law, international criminal law, and international refugee law, as well as the international counter-terrorism and arms control frameworks.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR framework includes international humanitarian law international human right law international criminal law international refugee law well international counterterrorism arm control framework ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"A variety of actors in the UN system support DDR processes within national contexts. In carrying out DDR, these actors are governed by their respective constituent instruments, by the specific mandates provided by their respective governing bodies, and by applicable internal rules, policies and procedures.DDR is also undertaken within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that may be of relevance for the implementation of DDR tasks. This framework includes international humanitarian law, international human rights law, international criminal law, and international refugee law, as well as the international counter-terrorism and arms control frameworks. UN system-supported DDR processes should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under the international legal framework are respected.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":266, "Sentence":"UN system-supported DDR processes should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under the international legal framework are respected.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR un systemsupported ddr process implemented manner ensures relevant right obligation international legal framework respected ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide an overview of the international legal framework that may be relevant to UN system-supported DDR processes. Unless otherwise stated, in this module, the term \u201cDDR practitioners\u201d refers only to DDR practitioners within the UN system, namely the United Nations (UN), its subsidiary organs, country offices and field missions, as well as UN specialized agencies and related organizations.This module is intended to sensitize DDR practitioners within the UN system to the legal issues that should be considered, and that may arise, when developing or implementing a DDR process. This sensitization is done so that DDR practitioners will be conscious of when to reach out to an appropriate, competent legal office to seek legal advice. Each section thus contains guiding principles and some red lines, where they exist, to highlight issues that DDR practitioners should be aware of. Guiding principles seek to provide direction, while red lines indicate boundaries that DDR practitioners should not cross. If it is possible that a red line might be crossed, or if a red line has been crossed inadvertently, legal advice should be sought immediately.This module should not be relied upon to the exclusion of legal advice in a specific case or context. In situations of doubt with regard to potential legal issues, or to the application or interpretation of a particular legal rule, advice should always be sought from the competent legal office of the relevant entity, who may, when and as appropriate, refer it to their relevant legal office at headquarters.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":267, "Sentence":"This module aims to provide an overview of the international legal framework that may be relevant to UN system-supported DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR module aim provide overview international legal framework may relevant un systemsupported ddr process ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide an overview of the international legal framework that may be relevant to UN system-supported DDR processes. Unless otherwise stated, in this module, the term \u201cDDR practitioners\u201d refers only to DDR practitioners within the UN system, namely the United Nations (UN), its subsidiary organs, country offices and field missions, as well as UN specialized agencies and related organizations.This module is intended to sensitize DDR practitioners within the UN system to the legal issues that should be considered, and that may arise, when developing or implementing a DDR process. This sensitization is done so that DDR practitioners will be conscious of when to reach out to an appropriate, competent legal office to seek legal advice. Each section thus contains guiding principles and some red lines, where they exist, to highlight issues that DDR practitioners should be aware of. Guiding principles seek to provide direction, while red lines indicate boundaries that DDR practitioners should not cross. If it is possible that a red line might be crossed, or if a red line has been crossed inadvertently, legal advice should be sought immediately.This module should not be relied upon to the exclusion of legal advice in a specific case or context. In situations of doubt with regard to potential legal issues, or to the application or interpretation of a particular legal rule, advice should always be sought from the competent legal office of the relevant entity, who may, when and as appropriate, refer it to their relevant legal office at headquarters.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":267, "Sentence":"Unless otherwise stated, in this module, the term \u201cDDR practitioners\u201d refers only to DDR practitioners within the UN system, namely the United Nations (UN), its subsidiary organs, country offices and field missions, as well as UN specialized agencies and related organizations.This module is intended to sensitize DDR practitioners within the UN system to the legal issues that should be considered, and that may arise, when developing or implementing a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR unless otherwise stated module term \u201c ddr practitioner \u201d refers ddr practitioner within un system namely united nation un subsidiary organ country office field mission well un specialized agency related organizations.this module intended sensitize ddr practitioner within un system legal issue considered may arise developing implementing ddr process ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide an overview of the international legal framework that may be relevant to UN system-supported DDR processes. Unless otherwise stated, in this module, the term \u201cDDR practitioners\u201d refers only to DDR practitioners within the UN system, namely the United Nations (UN), its subsidiary organs, country offices and field missions, as well as UN specialized agencies and related organizations.This module is intended to sensitize DDR practitioners within the UN system to the legal issues that should be considered, and that may arise, when developing or implementing a DDR process. This sensitization is done so that DDR practitioners will be conscious of when to reach out to an appropriate, competent legal office to seek legal advice. Each section thus contains guiding principles and some red lines, where they exist, to highlight issues that DDR practitioners should be aware of. Guiding principles seek to provide direction, while red lines indicate boundaries that DDR practitioners should not cross. If it is possible that a red line might be crossed, or if a red line has been crossed inadvertently, legal advice should be sought immediately.This module should not be relied upon to the exclusion of legal advice in a specific case or context. In situations of doubt with regard to potential legal issues, or to the application or interpretation of a particular legal rule, advice should always be sought from the competent legal office of the relevant entity, who may, when and as appropriate, refer it to their relevant legal office at headquarters.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":267, "Sentence":"This sensitization is done so that DDR practitioners will be conscious of when to reach out to an appropriate, competent legal office to seek legal advice.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR sensitization done ddr practitioner conscious reach appropriate competent legal office seek legal advice ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide an overview of the international legal framework that may be relevant to UN system-supported DDR processes. Unless otherwise stated, in this module, the term \u201cDDR practitioners\u201d refers only to DDR practitioners within the UN system, namely the United Nations (UN), its subsidiary organs, country offices and field missions, as well as UN specialized agencies and related organizations.This module is intended to sensitize DDR practitioners within the UN system to the legal issues that should be considered, and that may arise, when developing or implementing a DDR process. This sensitization is done so that DDR practitioners will be conscious of when to reach out to an appropriate, competent legal office to seek legal advice. Each section thus contains guiding principles and some red lines, where they exist, to highlight issues that DDR practitioners should be aware of. Guiding principles seek to provide direction, while red lines indicate boundaries that DDR practitioners should not cross. If it is possible that a red line might be crossed, or if a red line has been crossed inadvertently, legal advice should be sought immediately.This module should not be relied upon to the exclusion of legal advice in a specific case or context. In situations of doubt with regard to potential legal issues, or to the application or interpretation of a particular legal rule, advice should always be sought from the competent legal office of the relevant entity, who may, when and as appropriate, refer it to their relevant legal office at headquarters.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":267, "Sentence":"Each section thus contains guiding principles and some red lines, where they exist, to highlight issues that DDR practitioners should be aware of.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR section thus contains guiding principle red line exist highlight issue ddr practitioner aware ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide an overview of the international legal framework that may be relevant to UN system-supported DDR processes. Unless otherwise stated, in this module, the term \u201cDDR practitioners\u201d refers only to DDR practitioners within the UN system, namely the United Nations (UN), its subsidiary organs, country offices and field missions, as well as UN specialized agencies and related organizations.This module is intended to sensitize DDR practitioners within the UN system to the legal issues that should be considered, and that may arise, when developing or implementing a DDR process. This sensitization is done so that DDR practitioners will be conscious of when to reach out to an appropriate, competent legal office to seek legal advice. Each section thus contains guiding principles and some red lines, where they exist, to highlight issues that DDR practitioners should be aware of. Guiding principles seek to provide direction, while red lines indicate boundaries that DDR practitioners should not cross. If it is possible that a red line might be crossed, or if a red line has been crossed inadvertently, legal advice should be sought immediately.This module should not be relied upon to the exclusion of legal advice in a specific case or context. In situations of doubt with regard to potential legal issues, or to the application or interpretation of a particular legal rule, advice should always be sought from the competent legal office of the relevant entity, who may, when and as appropriate, refer it to their relevant legal office at headquarters.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":267, "Sentence":"Guiding principles seek to provide direction, while red lines indicate boundaries that DDR practitioners should not cross.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR guiding principle seek provide direction red line indicate boundary ddr practitioner cross ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide an overview of the international legal framework that may be relevant to UN system-supported DDR processes. Unless otherwise stated, in this module, the term \u201cDDR practitioners\u201d refers only to DDR practitioners within the UN system, namely the United Nations (UN), its subsidiary organs, country offices and field missions, as well as UN specialized agencies and related organizations.This module is intended to sensitize DDR practitioners within the UN system to the legal issues that should be considered, and that may arise, when developing or implementing a DDR process. This sensitization is done so that DDR practitioners will be conscious of when to reach out to an appropriate, competent legal office to seek legal advice. Each section thus contains guiding principles and some red lines, where they exist, to highlight issues that DDR practitioners should be aware of. Guiding principles seek to provide direction, while red lines indicate boundaries that DDR practitioners should not cross. If it is possible that a red line might be crossed, or if a red line has been crossed inadvertently, legal advice should be sought immediately.This module should not be relied upon to the exclusion of legal advice in a specific case or context. In situations of doubt with regard to potential legal issues, or to the application or interpretation of a particular legal rule, advice should always be sought from the competent legal office of the relevant entity, who may, when and as appropriate, refer it to their relevant legal office at headquarters.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":267, "Sentence":"If it is possible that a red line might be crossed, or if a red line has been crossed inadvertently, legal advice should be sought immediately.This module should not be relied upon to the exclusion of legal advice in a specific case or context.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR possible red line might crossed red line crossed inadvertently legal advice sought immediately.this module relied upon exclusion legal advice specific case context ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide an overview of the international legal framework that may be relevant to UN system-supported DDR processes. Unless otherwise stated, in this module, the term \u201cDDR practitioners\u201d refers only to DDR practitioners within the UN system, namely the United Nations (UN), its subsidiary organs, country offices and field missions, as well as UN specialized agencies and related organizations.This module is intended to sensitize DDR practitioners within the UN system to the legal issues that should be considered, and that may arise, when developing or implementing a DDR process. This sensitization is done so that DDR practitioners will be conscious of when to reach out to an appropriate, competent legal office to seek legal advice. Each section thus contains guiding principles and some red lines, where they exist, to highlight issues that DDR practitioners should be aware of. Guiding principles seek to provide direction, while red lines indicate boundaries that DDR practitioners should not cross. If it is possible that a red line might be crossed, or if a red line has been crossed inadvertently, legal advice should be sought immediately.This module should not be relied upon to the exclusion of legal advice in a specific case or context. In situations of doubt with regard to potential legal issues, or to the application or interpretation of a particular legal rule, advice should always be sought from the competent legal office of the relevant entity, who may, when and as appropriate, refer it to their relevant legal office at headquarters.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":267, "Sentence":"In situations of doubt with regard to potential legal issues, or to the application or interpretation of a particular legal rule, advice should always be sought from the competent legal office of the relevant entity, who may, when and as appropriate, refer it to their relevant legal office at headquarters.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR situation doubt regard potential legal issue application interpretation particular legal rule advice always sought competent legal office relevant entity may appropriate refer relevant legal office headquarters ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\na) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\nb) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\nc) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\nd) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\ne) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.This Module does not adopt the terminology of \u2018must\u2019. For the purposes of this Module, the word \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate an obligation, arising from a variety of sources1 , which has to be complied with by the DDR practitioner.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":268, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR annex contains list abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\na) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\nb) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\nc) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\nd) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\ne) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.This Module does not adopt the terminology of \u2018must\u2019. For the purposes of this Module, the word \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate an obligation, arising from a variety of sources1 , which has to be complied with by the DDR practitioner.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":268, "Sentence":"A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR complete glossary term definition abbreviation used iddrs series given iddrs 1.20in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\na) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\nb) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\nc) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\nd) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\ne) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.This Module does not adopt the terminology of \u2018must\u2019. For the purposes of this Module, the word \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate an obligation, arising from a variety of sources1 , which has to be complied with by the DDR practitioner.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":268, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\na) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\nb) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\nc) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\nd) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\ne) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.This Module does not adopt the terminology of \u2018must\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR use consistent language used international organization standardization iso standard guideline na \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard nb \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification nc \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action nd \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability ne \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation.this module adopt terminology \u2018 must \u2019 ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\na) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\nb) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\nc) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\nd) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\ne) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.This Module does not adopt the terminology of \u2018must\u2019. For the purposes of this Module, the word \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate an obligation, arising from a variety of sources1 , which has to be complied with by the DDR practitioner.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":268, "Sentence":"For the purposes of this Module, the word \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate an obligation, arising from a variety of sources1 , which has to be complied with by the DDR practitioner.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR purpose module word \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate obligation arising variety sources1 complied ddr practitioner ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In carrying out DDR processes, UN system actors are governed by their constituent instruments and by the specific mandates given to them by their respective governing bodies. In general, a mandate authorizes and tasks an actor to carry out specific functions. Mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes that will determine the scope of activities that can be undertaken.In the case of the UN and its subsidiary organs, including its funds and programmes, the primary source of all mandates is the Charter of the United Nations (the \u2018Charter\u2019). Specific mandates are further established through the adoption of decisions by the Organization\u2019s principal organs in accordance with their authority under the Charter. Both the General Assembly and the Security Council have the competency to provide DDR mandates as measures related to the maintenance of international peace and security. For the funds and programmes, mandates are further provided by the decisions of their executive boards. Specialized agencies and related organizations of the UN system similarly operate in host States in accordance with the terms of their constituent instruments and the decisions of their deliberative bodies or other competent organs.In addition to mandates, UN system actors are governed by their internal rules, policies and procedures.DDR processes are also undertaken in the context of a broader international legal framework and should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under that broader legal framework are respected. Peace agreements, where they exist, are also crucial in informing the implementation of DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates by providing a framework for the DDR process. Peace agreements can take a variety of forms, ranging from local-level agreements to national-level ceasefires and Comprehensive Peace Agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Following the conclusion of an agreement, a DDR policy document may also be developed by the Government and the signatory armed groups, often with UN support. Where the UN DDR mandate consists of providing support to national DDR efforts and makes reference to the peace agreement, DDR practitioners will typically work within the framework of the peace agreement and the DDR policy document.DDR processes can also be implemented in contexts where there are no peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Therefore, if there is no such framework in place, UN system DDR practitioners will have to rely solely on their own entity\u2019s mandate in order to determine their role and responsibilities, as well as the applicable basic principles.Finally, to facilitate DDR processes, UN system actors conclude project and technical agreements with the States in which they operate, which also provide a framework. They also enter into agreements with the host State to regulate their status, privileges and immunities and those of their personnel.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":269, "Sentence":"In carrying out DDR processes, UN system actors are governed by their constituent instruments and by the specific mandates given to them by their respective governing bodies.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR carrying ddr process un system actor governed constituent instrument specific mandate given respective governing body ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In carrying out DDR processes, UN system actors are governed by their constituent instruments and by the specific mandates given to them by their respective governing bodies. In general, a mandate authorizes and tasks an actor to carry out specific functions. Mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes that will determine the scope of activities that can be undertaken.In the case of the UN and its subsidiary organs, including its funds and programmes, the primary source of all mandates is the Charter of the United Nations (the \u2018Charter\u2019). Specific mandates are further established through the adoption of decisions by the Organization\u2019s principal organs in accordance with their authority under the Charter. Both the General Assembly and the Security Council have the competency to provide DDR mandates as measures related to the maintenance of international peace and security. For the funds and programmes, mandates are further provided by the decisions of their executive boards. Specialized agencies and related organizations of the UN system similarly operate in host States in accordance with the terms of their constituent instruments and the decisions of their deliberative bodies or other competent organs.In addition to mandates, UN system actors are governed by their internal rules, policies and procedures.DDR processes are also undertaken in the context of a broader international legal framework and should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under that broader legal framework are respected. Peace agreements, where they exist, are also crucial in informing the implementation of DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates by providing a framework for the DDR process. Peace agreements can take a variety of forms, ranging from local-level agreements to national-level ceasefires and Comprehensive Peace Agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Following the conclusion of an agreement, a DDR policy document may also be developed by the Government and the signatory armed groups, often with UN support. Where the UN DDR mandate consists of providing support to national DDR efforts and makes reference to the peace agreement, DDR practitioners will typically work within the framework of the peace agreement and the DDR policy document.DDR processes can also be implemented in contexts where there are no peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Therefore, if there is no such framework in place, UN system DDR practitioners will have to rely solely on their own entity\u2019s mandate in order to determine their role and responsibilities, as well as the applicable basic principles.Finally, to facilitate DDR processes, UN system actors conclude project and technical agreements with the States in which they operate, which also provide a framework. They also enter into agreements with the host State to regulate their status, privileges and immunities and those of their personnel.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":269, "Sentence":"In general, a mandate authorizes and tasks an actor to carry out specific functions.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR general mandate authorizes task actor carry specific function ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In carrying out DDR processes, UN system actors are governed by their constituent instruments and by the specific mandates given to them by their respective governing bodies. In general, a mandate authorizes and tasks an actor to carry out specific functions. Mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes that will determine the scope of activities that can be undertaken.In the case of the UN and its subsidiary organs, including its funds and programmes, the primary source of all mandates is the Charter of the United Nations (the \u2018Charter\u2019). Specific mandates are further established through the adoption of decisions by the Organization\u2019s principal organs in accordance with their authority under the Charter. Both the General Assembly and the Security Council have the competency to provide DDR mandates as measures related to the maintenance of international peace and security. For the funds and programmes, mandates are further provided by the decisions of their executive boards. Specialized agencies and related organizations of the UN system similarly operate in host States in accordance with the terms of their constituent instruments and the decisions of their deliberative bodies or other competent organs.In addition to mandates, UN system actors are governed by their internal rules, policies and procedures.DDR processes are also undertaken in the context of a broader international legal framework and should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under that broader legal framework are respected. Peace agreements, where they exist, are also crucial in informing the implementation of DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates by providing a framework for the DDR process. Peace agreements can take a variety of forms, ranging from local-level agreements to national-level ceasefires and Comprehensive Peace Agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Following the conclusion of an agreement, a DDR policy document may also be developed by the Government and the signatory armed groups, often with UN support. Where the UN DDR mandate consists of providing support to national DDR efforts and makes reference to the peace agreement, DDR practitioners will typically work within the framework of the peace agreement and the DDR policy document.DDR processes can also be implemented in contexts where there are no peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Therefore, if there is no such framework in place, UN system DDR practitioners will have to rely solely on their own entity\u2019s mandate in order to determine their role and responsibilities, as well as the applicable basic principles.Finally, to facilitate DDR processes, UN system actors conclude project and technical agreements with the States in which they operate, which also provide a framework. They also enter into agreements with the host State to regulate their status, privileges and immunities and those of their personnel.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":269, "Sentence":"Mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes that will determine the scope of activities that can be undertaken.In the case of the UN and its subsidiary organs, including its funds and programmes, the primary source of all mandates is the Charter of the United Nations (the \u2018Charter\u2019).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR mandate main point reference unsupported ddr process determine scope activity undertaken.in case un subsidiary organ including fund programme primary source mandate charter united nation \u2018 charter \u2019 ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In carrying out DDR processes, UN system actors are governed by their constituent instruments and by the specific mandates given to them by their respective governing bodies. In general, a mandate authorizes and tasks an actor to carry out specific functions. Mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes that will determine the scope of activities that can be undertaken.In the case of the UN and its subsidiary organs, including its funds and programmes, the primary source of all mandates is the Charter of the United Nations (the \u2018Charter\u2019). Specific mandates are further established through the adoption of decisions by the Organization\u2019s principal organs in accordance with their authority under the Charter. Both the General Assembly and the Security Council have the competency to provide DDR mandates as measures related to the maintenance of international peace and security. For the funds and programmes, mandates are further provided by the decisions of their executive boards. Specialized agencies and related organizations of the UN system similarly operate in host States in accordance with the terms of their constituent instruments and the decisions of their deliberative bodies or other competent organs.In addition to mandates, UN system actors are governed by their internal rules, policies and procedures.DDR processes are also undertaken in the context of a broader international legal framework and should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under that broader legal framework are respected. Peace agreements, where they exist, are also crucial in informing the implementation of DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates by providing a framework for the DDR process. Peace agreements can take a variety of forms, ranging from local-level agreements to national-level ceasefires and Comprehensive Peace Agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Following the conclusion of an agreement, a DDR policy document may also be developed by the Government and the signatory armed groups, often with UN support. Where the UN DDR mandate consists of providing support to national DDR efforts and makes reference to the peace agreement, DDR practitioners will typically work within the framework of the peace agreement and the DDR policy document.DDR processes can also be implemented in contexts where there are no peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Therefore, if there is no such framework in place, UN system DDR practitioners will have to rely solely on their own entity\u2019s mandate in order to determine their role and responsibilities, as well as the applicable basic principles.Finally, to facilitate DDR processes, UN system actors conclude project and technical agreements with the States in which they operate, which also provide a framework. They also enter into agreements with the host State to regulate their status, privileges and immunities and those of their personnel.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":269, "Sentence":"Specific mandates are further established through the adoption of decisions by the Organization\u2019s principal organs in accordance with their authority under the Charter.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR specific mandate established adoption decision organization \u2019 principal organ accordance authority charter ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In carrying out DDR processes, UN system actors are governed by their constituent instruments and by the specific mandates given to them by their respective governing bodies. In general, a mandate authorizes and tasks an actor to carry out specific functions. Mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes that will determine the scope of activities that can be undertaken.In the case of the UN and its subsidiary organs, including its funds and programmes, the primary source of all mandates is the Charter of the United Nations (the \u2018Charter\u2019). Specific mandates are further established through the adoption of decisions by the Organization\u2019s principal organs in accordance with their authority under the Charter. Both the General Assembly and the Security Council have the competency to provide DDR mandates as measures related to the maintenance of international peace and security. For the funds and programmes, mandates are further provided by the decisions of their executive boards. Specialized agencies and related organizations of the UN system similarly operate in host States in accordance with the terms of their constituent instruments and the decisions of their deliberative bodies or other competent organs.In addition to mandates, UN system actors are governed by their internal rules, policies and procedures.DDR processes are also undertaken in the context of a broader international legal framework and should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under that broader legal framework are respected. Peace agreements, where they exist, are also crucial in informing the implementation of DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates by providing a framework for the DDR process. Peace agreements can take a variety of forms, ranging from local-level agreements to national-level ceasefires and Comprehensive Peace Agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Following the conclusion of an agreement, a DDR policy document may also be developed by the Government and the signatory armed groups, often with UN support. Where the UN DDR mandate consists of providing support to national DDR efforts and makes reference to the peace agreement, DDR practitioners will typically work within the framework of the peace agreement and the DDR policy document.DDR processes can also be implemented in contexts where there are no peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Therefore, if there is no such framework in place, UN system DDR practitioners will have to rely solely on their own entity\u2019s mandate in order to determine their role and responsibilities, as well as the applicable basic principles.Finally, to facilitate DDR processes, UN system actors conclude project and technical agreements with the States in which they operate, which also provide a framework. They also enter into agreements with the host State to regulate their status, privileges and immunities and those of their personnel.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":269, "Sentence":"Both the General Assembly and the Security Council have the competency to provide DDR mandates as measures related to the maintenance of international peace and security.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR general assembly security council competency provide ddr mandate measure related maintenance international peace security ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In carrying out DDR processes, UN system actors are governed by their constituent instruments and by the specific mandates given to them by their respective governing bodies. In general, a mandate authorizes and tasks an actor to carry out specific functions. Mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes that will determine the scope of activities that can be undertaken.In the case of the UN and its subsidiary organs, including its funds and programmes, the primary source of all mandates is the Charter of the United Nations (the \u2018Charter\u2019). Specific mandates are further established through the adoption of decisions by the Organization\u2019s principal organs in accordance with their authority under the Charter. Both the General Assembly and the Security Council have the competency to provide DDR mandates as measures related to the maintenance of international peace and security. For the funds and programmes, mandates are further provided by the decisions of their executive boards. Specialized agencies and related organizations of the UN system similarly operate in host States in accordance with the terms of their constituent instruments and the decisions of their deliberative bodies or other competent organs.In addition to mandates, UN system actors are governed by their internal rules, policies and procedures.DDR processes are also undertaken in the context of a broader international legal framework and should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under that broader legal framework are respected. Peace agreements, where they exist, are also crucial in informing the implementation of DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates by providing a framework for the DDR process. Peace agreements can take a variety of forms, ranging from local-level agreements to national-level ceasefires and Comprehensive Peace Agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Following the conclusion of an agreement, a DDR policy document may also be developed by the Government and the signatory armed groups, often with UN support. Where the UN DDR mandate consists of providing support to national DDR efforts and makes reference to the peace agreement, DDR practitioners will typically work within the framework of the peace agreement and the DDR policy document.DDR processes can also be implemented in contexts where there are no peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Therefore, if there is no such framework in place, UN system DDR practitioners will have to rely solely on their own entity\u2019s mandate in order to determine their role and responsibilities, as well as the applicable basic principles.Finally, to facilitate DDR processes, UN system actors conclude project and technical agreements with the States in which they operate, which also provide a framework. They also enter into agreements with the host State to regulate their status, privileges and immunities and those of their personnel.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":269, "Sentence":"For the funds and programmes, mandates are further provided by the decisions of their executive boards.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR fund programme mandate provided decision executive board ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In carrying out DDR processes, UN system actors are governed by their constituent instruments and by the specific mandates given to them by their respective governing bodies. In general, a mandate authorizes and tasks an actor to carry out specific functions. Mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes that will determine the scope of activities that can be undertaken.In the case of the UN and its subsidiary organs, including its funds and programmes, the primary source of all mandates is the Charter of the United Nations (the \u2018Charter\u2019). Specific mandates are further established through the adoption of decisions by the Organization\u2019s principal organs in accordance with their authority under the Charter. Both the General Assembly and the Security Council have the competency to provide DDR mandates as measures related to the maintenance of international peace and security. For the funds and programmes, mandates are further provided by the decisions of their executive boards. Specialized agencies and related organizations of the UN system similarly operate in host States in accordance with the terms of their constituent instruments and the decisions of their deliberative bodies or other competent organs.In addition to mandates, UN system actors are governed by their internal rules, policies and procedures.DDR processes are also undertaken in the context of a broader international legal framework and should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under that broader legal framework are respected. Peace agreements, where they exist, are also crucial in informing the implementation of DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates by providing a framework for the DDR process. Peace agreements can take a variety of forms, ranging from local-level agreements to national-level ceasefires and Comprehensive Peace Agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Following the conclusion of an agreement, a DDR policy document may also be developed by the Government and the signatory armed groups, often with UN support. Where the UN DDR mandate consists of providing support to national DDR efforts and makes reference to the peace agreement, DDR practitioners will typically work within the framework of the peace agreement and the DDR policy document.DDR processes can also be implemented in contexts where there are no peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Therefore, if there is no such framework in place, UN system DDR practitioners will have to rely solely on their own entity\u2019s mandate in order to determine their role and responsibilities, as well as the applicable basic principles.Finally, to facilitate DDR processes, UN system actors conclude project and technical agreements with the States in which they operate, which also provide a framework. They also enter into agreements with the host State to regulate their status, privileges and immunities and those of their personnel.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":269, "Sentence":"Specialized agencies and related organizations of the UN system similarly operate in host States in accordance with the terms of their constituent instruments and the decisions of their deliberative bodies or other competent organs.In addition to mandates, UN system actors are governed by their internal rules, policies and procedures.DDR processes are also undertaken in the context of a broader international legal framework and should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under that broader legal framework are respected.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR specialized agency related organization un system similarly operate host state accordance term constituent instrument decision deliberative body competent organs.in addition mandate un system actor governed internal rule policy procedures.ddr process also undertaken context broader international legal framework implemented manner ensures relevant right obligation broader legal framework respected ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In carrying out DDR processes, UN system actors are governed by their constituent instruments and by the specific mandates given to them by their respective governing bodies. In general, a mandate authorizes and tasks an actor to carry out specific functions. Mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes that will determine the scope of activities that can be undertaken.In the case of the UN and its subsidiary organs, including its funds and programmes, the primary source of all mandates is the Charter of the United Nations (the \u2018Charter\u2019). Specific mandates are further established through the adoption of decisions by the Organization\u2019s principal organs in accordance with their authority under the Charter. Both the General Assembly and the Security Council have the competency to provide DDR mandates as measures related to the maintenance of international peace and security. For the funds and programmes, mandates are further provided by the decisions of their executive boards. Specialized agencies and related organizations of the UN system similarly operate in host States in accordance with the terms of their constituent instruments and the decisions of their deliberative bodies or other competent organs.In addition to mandates, UN system actors are governed by their internal rules, policies and procedures.DDR processes are also undertaken in the context of a broader international legal framework and should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under that broader legal framework are respected. Peace agreements, where they exist, are also crucial in informing the implementation of DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates by providing a framework for the DDR process. Peace agreements can take a variety of forms, ranging from local-level agreements to national-level ceasefires and Comprehensive Peace Agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Following the conclusion of an agreement, a DDR policy document may also be developed by the Government and the signatory armed groups, often with UN support. Where the UN DDR mandate consists of providing support to national DDR efforts and makes reference to the peace agreement, DDR practitioners will typically work within the framework of the peace agreement and the DDR policy document.DDR processes can also be implemented in contexts where there are no peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Therefore, if there is no such framework in place, UN system DDR practitioners will have to rely solely on their own entity\u2019s mandate in order to determine their role and responsibilities, as well as the applicable basic principles.Finally, to facilitate DDR processes, UN system actors conclude project and technical agreements with the States in which they operate, which also provide a framework. They also enter into agreements with the host State to regulate their status, privileges and immunities and those of their personnel.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":269, "Sentence":"Peace agreements, where they exist, are also crucial in informing the implementation of DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates by providing a framework for the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR peace agreement exist also crucial informing implementation ddr practitioner \u2019 mandate providing framework ddr process ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In carrying out DDR processes, UN system actors are governed by their constituent instruments and by the specific mandates given to them by their respective governing bodies. In general, a mandate authorizes and tasks an actor to carry out specific functions. Mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes that will determine the scope of activities that can be undertaken.In the case of the UN and its subsidiary organs, including its funds and programmes, the primary source of all mandates is the Charter of the United Nations (the \u2018Charter\u2019). Specific mandates are further established through the adoption of decisions by the Organization\u2019s principal organs in accordance with their authority under the Charter. Both the General Assembly and the Security Council have the competency to provide DDR mandates as measures related to the maintenance of international peace and security. For the funds and programmes, mandates are further provided by the decisions of their executive boards. Specialized agencies and related organizations of the UN system similarly operate in host States in accordance with the terms of their constituent instruments and the decisions of their deliberative bodies or other competent organs.In addition to mandates, UN system actors are governed by their internal rules, policies and procedures.DDR processes are also undertaken in the context of a broader international legal framework and should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under that broader legal framework are respected. Peace agreements, where they exist, are also crucial in informing the implementation of DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates by providing a framework for the DDR process. Peace agreements can take a variety of forms, ranging from local-level agreements to national-level ceasefires and Comprehensive Peace Agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Following the conclusion of an agreement, a DDR policy document may also be developed by the Government and the signatory armed groups, often with UN support. Where the UN DDR mandate consists of providing support to national DDR efforts and makes reference to the peace agreement, DDR practitioners will typically work within the framework of the peace agreement and the DDR policy document.DDR processes can also be implemented in contexts where there are no peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Therefore, if there is no such framework in place, UN system DDR practitioners will have to rely solely on their own entity\u2019s mandate in order to determine their role and responsibilities, as well as the applicable basic principles.Finally, to facilitate DDR processes, UN system actors conclude project and technical agreements with the States in which they operate, which also provide a framework. They also enter into agreements with the host State to regulate their status, privileges and immunities and those of their personnel.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":269, "Sentence":"Peace agreements can take a variety of forms, ranging from local-level agreements to national-level ceasefires and Comprehensive Peace Agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR peace agreement take variety form ranging locallevel agreement nationallevel ceasefires comprehensive peace agreement see iddrs 2.20 politics ddr ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In carrying out DDR processes, UN system actors are governed by their constituent instruments and by the specific mandates given to them by their respective governing bodies. In general, a mandate authorizes and tasks an actor to carry out specific functions. Mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes that will determine the scope of activities that can be undertaken.In the case of the UN and its subsidiary organs, including its funds and programmes, the primary source of all mandates is the Charter of the United Nations (the \u2018Charter\u2019). Specific mandates are further established through the adoption of decisions by the Organization\u2019s principal organs in accordance with their authority under the Charter. Both the General Assembly and the Security Council have the competency to provide DDR mandates as measures related to the maintenance of international peace and security. For the funds and programmes, mandates are further provided by the decisions of their executive boards. Specialized agencies and related organizations of the UN system similarly operate in host States in accordance with the terms of their constituent instruments and the decisions of their deliberative bodies or other competent organs.In addition to mandates, UN system actors are governed by their internal rules, policies and procedures.DDR processes are also undertaken in the context of a broader international legal framework and should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under that broader legal framework are respected. Peace agreements, where they exist, are also crucial in informing the implementation of DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates by providing a framework for the DDR process. Peace agreements can take a variety of forms, ranging from local-level agreements to national-level ceasefires and Comprehensive Peace Agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Following the conclusion of an agreement, a DDR policy document may also be developed by the Government and the signatory armed groups, often with UN support. Where the UN DDR mandate consists of providing support to national DDR efforts and makes reference to the peace agreement, DDR practitioners will typically work within the framework of the peace agreement and the DDR policy document.DDR processes can also be implemented in contexts where there are no peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Therefore, if there is no such framework in place, UN system DDR practitioners will have to rely solely on their own entity\u2019s mandate in order to determine their role and responsibilities, as well as the applicable basic principles.Finally, to facilitate DDR processes, UN system actors conclude project and technical agreements with the States in which they operate, which also provide a framework. They also enter into agreements with the host State to regulate their status, privileges and immunities and those of their personnel.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":269, "Sentence":"Following the conclusion of an agreement, a DDR policy document may also be developed by the Government and the signatory armed groups, often with UN support.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR following conclusion agreement ddr policy document may also developed government signatory armed group often un support ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In carrying out DDR processes, UN system actors are governed by their constituent instruments and by the specific mandates given to them by their respective governing bodies. In general, a mandate authorizes and tasks an actor to carry out specific functions. Mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes that will determine the scope of activities that can be undertaken.In the case of the UN and its subsidiary organs, including its funds and programmes, the primary source of all mandates is the Charter of the United Nations (the \u2018Charter\u2019). Specific mandates are further established through the adoption of decisions by the Organization\u2019s principal organs in accordance with their authority under the Charter. Both the General Assembly and the Security Council have the competency to provide DDR mandates as measures related to the maintenance of international peace and security. For the funds and programmes, mandates are further provided by the decisions of their executive boards. Specialized agencies and related organizations of the UN system similarly operate in host States in accordance with the terms of their constituent instruments and the decisions of their deliberative bodies or other competent organs.In addition to mandates, UN system actors are governed by their internal rules, policies and procedures.DDR processes are also undertaken in the context of a broader international legal framework and should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under that broader legal framework are respected. Peace agreements, where they exist, are also crucial in informing the implementation of DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates by providing a framework for the DDR process. Peace agreements can take a variety of forms, ranging from local-level agreements to national-level ceasefires and Comprehensive Peace Agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Following the conclusion of an agreement, a DDR policy document may also be developed by the Government and the signatory armed groups, often with UN support. Where the UN DDR mandate consists of providing support to national DDR efforts and makes reference to the peace agreement, DDR practitioners will typically work within the framework of the peace agreement and the DDR policy document.DDR processes can also be implemented in contexts where there are no peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Therefore, if there is no such framework in place, UN system DDR practitioners will have to rely solely on their own entity\u2019s mandate in order to determine their role and responsibilities, as well as the applicable basic principles.Finally, to facilitate DDR processes, UN system actors conclude project and technical agreements with the States in which they operate, which also provide a framework. They also enter into agreements with the host State to regulate their status, privileges and immunities and those of their personnel.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":269, "Sentence":"Where the UN DDR mandate consists of providing support to national DDR efforts and makes reference to the peace agreement, DDR practitioners will typically work within the framework of the peace agreement and the DDR policy document.DDR processes can also be implemented in contexts where there are no peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR un ddr mandate consists providing support national ddr effort make reference peace agreement ddr practitioner typically work within framework peace agreement ddr policy document.ddr process also implemented context peace agreement see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In carrying out DDR processes, UN system actors are governed by their constituent instruments and by the specific mandates given to them by their respective governing bodies. In general, a mandate authorizes and tasks an actor to carry out specific functions. Mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes that will determine the scope of activities that can be undertaken.In the case of the UN and its subsidiary organs, including its funds and programmes, the primary source of all mandates is the Charter of the United Nations (the \u2018Charter\u2019). Specific mandates are further established through the adoption of decisions by the Organization\u2019s principal organs in accordance with their authority under the Charter. Both the General Assembly and the Security Council have the competency to provide DDR mandates as measures related to the maintenance of international peace and security. For the funds and programmes, mandates are further provided by the decisions of their executive boards. Specialized agencies and related organizations of the UN system similarly operate in host States in accordance with the terms of their constituent instruments and the decisions of their deliberative bodies or other competent organs.In addition to mandates, UN system actors are governed by their internal rules, policies and procedures.DDR processes are also undertaken in the context of a broader international legal framework and should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under that broader legal framework are respected. Peace agreements, where they exist, are also crucial in informing the implementation of DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates by providing a framework for the DDR process. Peace agreements can take a variety of forms, ranging from local-level agreements to national-level ceasefires and Comprehensive Peace Agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Following the conclusion of an agreement, a DDR policy document may also be developed by the Government and the signatory armed groups, often with UN support. Where the UN DDR mandate consists of providing support to national DDR efforts and makes reference to the peace agreement, DDR practitioners will typically work within the framework of the peace agreement and the DDR policy document.DDR processes can also be implemented in contexts where there are no peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Therefore, if there is no such framework in place, UN system DDR practitioners will have to rely solely on their own entity\u2019s mandate in order to determine their role and responsibilities, as well as the applicable basic principles.Finally, to facilitate DDR processes, UN system actors conclude project and technical agreements with the States in which they operate, which also provide a framework. They also enter into agreements with the host State to regulate their status, privileges and immunities and those of their personnel.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":269, "Sentence":"Therefore, if there is no such framework in place, UN system DDR practitioners will have to rely solely on their own entity\u2019s mandate in order to determine their role and responsibilities, as well as the applicable basic principles.Finally, to facilitate DDR processes, UN system actors conclude project and technical agreements with the States in which they operate, which also provide a framework.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR therefore framework place un system ddr practitioner rely solely entity \u2019 mandate order determine role responsibility well applicable basic principles.finally facilitate ddr process un system actor conclude project technical agreement state operate also provide framework ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In carrying out DDR processes, UN system actors are governed by their constituent instruments and by the specific mandates given to them by their respective governing bodies. In general, a mandate authorizes and tasks an actor to carry out specific functions. Mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes that will determine the scope of activities that can be undertaken.In the case of the UN and its subsidiary organs, including its funds and programmes, the primary source of all mandates is the Charter of the United Nations (the \u2018Charter\u2019). Specific mandates are further established through the adoption of decisions by the Organization\u2019s principal organs in accordance with their authority under the Charter. Both the General Assembly and the Security Council have the competency to provide DDR mandates as measures related to the maintenance of international peace and security. For the funds and programmes, mandates are further provided by the decisions of their executive boards. Specialized agencies and related organizations of the UN system similarly operate in host States in accordance with the terms of their constituent instruments and the decisions of their deliberative bodies or other competent organs.In addition to mandates, UN system actors are governed by their internal rules, policies and procedures.DDR processes are also undertaken in the context of a broader international legal framework and should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under that broader legal framework are respected. Peace agreements, where they exist, are also crucial in informing the implementation of DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates by providing a framework for the DDR process. Peace agreements can take a variety of forms, ranging from local-level agreements to national-level ceasefires and Comprehensive Peace Agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Following the conclusion of an agreement, a DDR policy document may also be developed by the Government and the signatory armed groups, often with UN support. Where the UN DDR mandate consists of providing support to national DDR efforts and makes reference to the peace agreement, DDR practitioners will typically work within the framework of the peace agreement and the DDR policy document.DDR processes can also be implemented in contexts where there are no peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Therefore, if there is no such framework in place, UN system DDR practitioners will have to rely solely on their own entity\u2019s mandate in order to determine their role and responsibilities, as well as the applicable basic principles.Finally, to facilitate DDR processes, UN system actors conclude project and technical agreements with the States in which they operate, which also provide a framework. They also enter into agreements with the host State to regulate their status, privileges and immunities and those of their personnel.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":269, "Sentence":"They also enter into agreements with the host State to regulate their status, privileges and immunities and those of their personnel.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR also enter agreement host state regulate status privilege immunity personnel ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect un supported ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR addition principle following general guiding principle related specifically legal framework apply carrying ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"\\n Abide by the applicable legal framework.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n abide applicable legal framework ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR applicable legal framework core consideration stage drafting designing executing evaluating ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR failure abide applicable legal framework may result consequence un entity involved un generally including possible liability ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR may also lead personal accountability ddr practitioner involved ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"\\n Know your mandate.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n know mandate ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR ddr practitioner familiar source scope mandate ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR extent involvement ddr process requires coordination and\/or cooperation un system actor also know respective role responsibility actor ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR peace agreement exists one first document ddr practitioner consult understand framework carry ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"\\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n develop concept operation conops ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR ddr practitioner common agreed approach order ensure coherence amongst un systemsupported ddr process coordination among various un system actor conducting ddr particular context ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR achieved written conops developed consultation necessary relevant headquarters ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR conops also adjusted include legal obligation un system actor ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"\\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n develop operationspecific standard operating procedure sop guideline ddr ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR consistent conops ddr practitioner consider developing operationspecific sop guideline ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR may address instance standard cooperation criminal justice accountability process measure controlling access ddr encampment installation measure safe handling destruction weapon ammunition relevant issue ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR may also include reference explanation applicable legal standard ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"\\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n include legal consideration relevant project document ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR general legal consideration integrated addressed appropriate relevant written project document including agreed host state ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"\\n Seek legal advice.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n seek legal advice ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR general matter ddr practitioner seek legal advice doubt whether situation raise legal concern ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR particular ddr practitioner seek advice foresee new element significant change ddr process e.g . new type activity new partner involved ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR important know advice may requested obtained ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. \\n Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. \\n Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and\/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. \\n Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. \\n Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. \\n Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. \\n Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":270, "Sentence":"Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR familiarity legal office incountry clear channel communication seeking expeditious advice headquarters critical ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Mandate ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. \\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":271, "Sentence":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR noted mandate main point reference unsupported ddr process ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Mandate ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. \\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":271, "Sentence":"The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR mandate determine ddr process supported implemented ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Mandate ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. \\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":271, "Sentence":"There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR various source un actor \u2019 mandate assist ddr process ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Mandate ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. \\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":271, "Sentence":"For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR un peace operation subsidiary organ security council mandate found applicable security council resolution.certain un fund programme also explicit mandate addressing ddr ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Mandate ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. \\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":271, "Sentence":"In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR absence explicit specific ddrrelated provision within mandate un fund programme conduct activity related ddr process accordance principle objective general mandates.in addition number specialized agency related organization mandated conduct activity related ddr process ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Mandate ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. \\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":271, "Sentence":"These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR entity often cooperate un peace operation fund programme within respective mandate order ensure common approach coherency activities.where peace agreement exists may address role responsibility ddr practitioner domestic international basic principle applicable ddr process strategic approach institutional mechanism timeframes eligibility criterion ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Mandate ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. \\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":271, "Sentence":"The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR peace agreement would thus provide guidance ddr practitioner implementation ddr mandate tasked providing support national ddr effort undertaken pursuant peace agreement ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Mandate ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. \\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":271, "Sentence":"It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR important remember however peace agreement may provide framework guide implementation ddr process provide actual mandate undertake activity un system actor ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Mandate ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. \\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":271, "Sentence":"It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR reference peace agreement practitioner \u2019 ddr mandate make peace agreement accompanying ddr policy document relevant ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Mandate ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. \\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":271, "Sentence":"As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR mentioned authority carry ddr process established un system actor \u2019 constitutive instrument and\/or decision actor \u2019 governing organ.in country peace agreement exists may overarching framework ddr process could result lack clarity regarding objective activity coordination strategy ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Mandate ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. \\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":271, "Sentence":"In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR case fallback ddr practitioner would rely solely mandate entity applicable relevant state determine role ddr process coordinate actor activity may undertake.if particular mandate includes assistance national authority development implementation ddr process un system actor concerned may accordance mandate enter technical agreement host state logistical operational coordination cooperation ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Mandate ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. \\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":271, "Sentence":"The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR technical agreement may necessary integrate element peace agreement one exists.ddr mandate may also include provision tie development implementation ddr process ongoing conflict postconflict initiative including one concerning transitional justice tj.many un system entity operating postconflict situation simultaneous ddr tj mandate ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Mandate ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. \\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":271, "Sentence":"The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR overlap tj measure ddr process create tension may also contribute towards achieving longterm shared objective reconciliation peace ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Mandate ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. \\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":271, "Sentence":"It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR thus crucial unsupported ddr process clear coherent relationship tj measure ongoing within country see iddrs 6.20 ddr transitional justice.specific guiding principle n ddr practitioner familiar recent document establishing mandate conduct ddr process specifically source scope mandate ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Mandate ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. \\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":271, "Sentence":"\\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n starting new form activity related ddr process ddr practitioner seek legal advice doubt whether new form activity authorized mandate particular entity ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Mandate ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. \\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":271, "Sentence":"\\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n starting new form activity related ddr process ddr practitioner ensure coordination relevant initiative ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Mandate ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. \\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":271, "Sentence":"\\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n peace agreement provide un entity mandate support ddr ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Mandate ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. \\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":271, "Sentence":"It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR reference peace agreement mandate ddr practitioner \u2019 particular entity make peace agreement accompanying ddr policy document relevant ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Mandate ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution.Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates.In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities.Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and\/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ.In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake.If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists.DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ).Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. \\n When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. \\n Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":271, "Sentence":"This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR mandate may set boundary regarding ddr practitioner go job ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are also undertaken within the context of a broader international legal framework of rights and obligations that may be relevant to their implementation. This includes, in particular, international humanitarian law, international human rights law, international criminal law, international refugee law, and the international counter-terrorism and arms control frameworks. For the purpose of this module, this international legal framework is referred to as the \u2018normative legal framework\u2019. UN-supported DDR processes should be implemented so as to ensure that the relevant rights and obligations under that normative legal framework are respected.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":272, "Sentence":"DDR processes are also undertaken within the context of a broader international legal framework of rights and obligations that may be relevant to their implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR ddr process also undertaken within context broader international legal framework right obligation may relevant implementation ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are also undertaken within the context of a broader international legal framework of rights and obligations that may be relevant to their implementation. This includes, in particular, international humanitarian law, international human rights law, international criminal law, international refugee law, and the international counter-terrorism and arms control frameworks. For the purpose of this module, this international legal framework is referred to as the \u2018normative legal framework\u2019. UN-supported DDR processes should be implemented so as to ensure that the relevant rights and obligations under that normative legal framework are respected.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":272, "Sentence":"This includes, in particular, international humanitarian law, international human rights law, international criminal law, international refugee law, and the international counter-terrorism and arms control frameworks.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR includes particular international humanitarian law international human right law international criminal law international refugee law international counterterrorism arm control framework ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are also undertaken within the context of a broader international legal framework of rights and obligations that may be relevant to their implementation. This includes, in particular, international humanitarian law, international human rights law, international criminal law, international refugee law, and the international counter-terrorism and arms control frameworks. For the purpose of this module, this international legal framework is referred to as the \u2018normative legal framework\u2019. UN-supported DDR processes should be implemented so as to ensure that the relevant rights and obligations under that normative legal framework are respected.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":272, "Sentence":"For the purpose of this module, this international legal framework is referred to as the \u2018normative legal framework\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR purpose module international legal framework referred \u2018 normative legal framework \u2019 ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are also undertaken within the context of a broader international legal framework of rights and obligations that may be relevant to their implementation. This includes, in particular, international humanitarian law, international human rights law, international criminal law, international refugee law, and the international counter-terrorism and arms control frameworks. For the purpose of this module, this international legal framework is referred to as the \u2018normative legal framework\u2019. UN-supported DDR processes should be implemented so as to ensure that the relevant rights and obligations under that normative legal framework are respected.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":272, "Sentence":"UN-supported DDR processes should be implemented so as to ensure that the relevant rights and obligations under that normative legal framework are respected.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR unsupported ddr process implemented ensure relevant right obligation normative legal framework respected ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR international humanitarian law ihl applies situation armed conflict regulates conduct armed force nonstate armed group situation ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR seek limit effect armed conflict mainly protecting person longer participating hostility regulating mean method warfare ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR among thing ihl set obligation party armed conflict protect civilian injured sick person person deprived liberty reason related armed conflicts.the main source ihl geneva convention 1949 two additional protocol 1977.there two type armed conflict ihl 1 international armed conflict armed conflict state 2 noninternational armed conflict armed conflict state \u2019 armed force organized armed group organized armed group ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR type armed conflict governed distinct set rule though difference two regime diminished law governing noninternational armed conflict developedarticle 3 contained four geneva convention often referred \u2018 common article 3 \u2019 applies noninternational armed conflict establishes fundamental rule derogation permitted i.e . state suspend performance obligation common article 3 ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR requires among thing humane treatment person enemy hand without adverse distinction ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR also specifically prohibits murder mutilation torture cruel humiliating degrading treatment taking hostage unfair trial.serious violation ihl e.g . murder rape torture arbitrary deprivation liberty unlawful confinement international noninternational armed conflict situation may constitute war crime ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR issue relating possible commission crime together crime humanity genocide prosecution criminal particular concern assisting member state development eligibility criterion ddr process see section 4.2.4 well iddrs 6.20 ddr transitional justice.the un party international legal instrument comprising ihl ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR however secretarygeneral confirmed certain fundamental principle rule ihl applicable un force situation armed conflict actively engaged combatant extent duration engagement st\/sgb\/1999\/13 sect ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 1.1in context ddr process assisted un peacekeeping operation ihl rule regarding deprivation liberty normally applicable activity undertaken within ddr process ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR based fact participation ddr voluntary \u2014 word person enrol ddr process accord stay ddr process voluntarily see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR deprived liberty ihl rule concerning detention internment apply ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR event doubt whether person fact enrolled ddr voluntarily issue immediately brought attention competent legal office advice sought ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR separately legal advice also sought ddr practitioner view detention fact taking place.ihl may nevertheless apply wider context within ddr process situated ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR example national authority whatever purpose wish take custody person enrolled ddr process un peacekeeping operation un system actor concerned take measure ensure national authority treat person concerned accordance obligation ihl international human right refugee law applicable ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"\\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR nnspecific guiding principle n ddr practitioner conscious condition ddr facility particularly respect voluntariness presence involvement ddr participant beneficiary see iddrs 3.10 participant beneficiary partner ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"\\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n ddr practitioner conscious fact ihl may apply wider context within ddr process situated ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR safeguard put place ensure compliance ihl international human right refugee law host state authority ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR nn red line nparticipation ddr process shall voluntary time ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR ddr participant beneficiary detained interned otherwise deprived liberty ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.1 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts.The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977).There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developedArticle 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial.Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST\/SGB\/1999\/13, sect. 1.1)In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2014 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place.IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. \\n\\nSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). \\n DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. \\n\\n Red lines \\nParticipation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":273, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR ddr practitioner seek legal advice concern voluntariness involvement ddr process" }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR article 55 un charter call organization promote universal respect observance human right fundamental freedom based recognition dignity worth equal right ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR work un personnel responsibility ensure human right promoted respected protected advanced.accordingly un ddr practitioner duty carrying work promote respect human right ddr participant beneficiary ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR main source international human right law n universal declaration human right 1948 udhr proclaimed un general assembly paris 10 december 1948 common standard achievement people nation ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR set first time fundamental human right universally protected ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"\\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n international covenant civil political right 1966 iccpr establishes range civil political right including right due process equality law freedom movement association freedom religion political opinion right liberty security person ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"\\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n international covenant economic social cultural right 1966 icescr establishes right individual duty state provide basic need person including access employment education health care ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"\\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n convention torture cruel inhuman degrading treatment punishment 1984 cat establishes torture prohibited circumstance including time war internal political instability public emergency regardless order superior public authority ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"\\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n convention right child 1989 crc optional protocol crc involvement child armed conflict 2000 recognize special status child reconfirm right well state \u2019 duty protect child number specific setting including armed conflict ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR optional protocol particularly relevant ddr context concern right child involved armed conflict ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"\\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n convention elimination form discrimination woman 1979 cedaw defines constitutes discrimination woman set agenda national action end ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR cedaw provides basis realizing equality woman men ensuring woman \u2019 equal access equal opportunity political public life \u2013 including right vote stand election \u2013 well education health employment ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR state party agree take appropriate measure including legislation temporary special measure woman enjoy human right fundamental freedom ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"General recommendation No.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR general recommendation ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 30 woman conflict prevention conflict postconflict situation issued cedaw committee 2013 specifically recommends state party among others ensure woman \u2019 participation stage ddr process b ddr process specifically target female combatant woman girl associated armed group barrier equitable participation addressed c mental health psychosocial support well support service provided ddr process specifically address woman \u2019 distinct need order provide age genderspecific ddr support ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"\\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n convention right person disability 2006 crpd clarifies qualifies category right apply person disability identifies area adaptation made person disability effectively exercise right protection right must reinforced ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR also relevant people psychosocial intellectual cognitive disability key legislative framework addressing human right including right quality service right community integration ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"\\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n international convention protection person enforced disappearance 2006 icpped establishes enforced disappearance prohibited circumstance including time war threat war internal political instability public emergency.the following right enshrined instrument particularly relevant often arise within ddr context especially regard treatment person located ddr facility including limited encampment n right life article 3 udhr article 6 iccpr article 6 crc article 10 crpd n right freedom torture cruel inhuman degrading treatment punishment article 5 udhr article 7 iccpr article 2 cat article 37a crc article 15 crpd n right liberty security person includes prohibition arbitrary arrest detention article 9 udhr article 91 iccpr article 37 crc n right fair trial article 10 udhr article 9 iccpr article 402iii crc n right free discrimination article 2 udhr article 2 24 iccpr article 2 crc article 2 cedaw article 5 crpd n right child including considering best interest child article 3 crc article 72 crpd protection form physical mental violence injury abuse neglect negligent treatment maltreatment exploitation article 19 crc.while un party instrument provide relevant standard guide operation ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR accordingly right taken consideration developing unsupported ddr process supporting host state ddr process national authority whatever purpose wish take custody person enrolled ddr process order ensure right ddr participant beneficiary promoted respected times.the application interpretation international human right law must also viewed light voluntary nature ddr process ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR participant beneficiary ddr process shall held subjected deprivation liberty security person ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR shall treated time accordance international human right law norm standards.special protection may also apply respect member particularly vulnerable group including woman child person disability ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR specifically regard woman participating ddr process security council resolution 1325 2000 woman peace security call actor involved negotiating implementing peace agreement adopt gender perspective including special need woman girl repatriation resettlement rehabilitation reintegration postconflict reconstruction para ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 8a encourages involved planning ddr consider different need female male excombatants take account need dependent ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR ddr process genderresponsive equal access participation woman stage see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr.specific guiding principle n ddr practitioner aware international human right instrument guide un supporting ddr process ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"\\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n ddr practitioner aware relevant domestic legislation provides right freedom ddr participant beneficiary within member state ddr process undertaken ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"\\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n ddr practitioner shall take necessary precaution special measure action protect ensure human right ddr participant beneficiary ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.2 International humanitarian law", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced.Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: \\n The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. \\n The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. \\n The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. \\n The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. \\n The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. \\n The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. \\n The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. \\n The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency.The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): \\n Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); \\n Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); \\n Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); \\n Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); \\n Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and \\n Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC).While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times.The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards.Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. \\n DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. \\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":274, "Sentence":"\\n DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n ddr practitioner shall report seek legal advice event witness violation human right national authority within unsupported ddr facility.red line n ddr practitioner shall facilitate violation human right national authority within unsupported ddr facility ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"i. International refugee law", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).A refugee is a person who is outside his or her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.However, articles 1C to 1F of the 1951 Convention provide for circumstances in which it shall not apply to a person who would otherwise fall within the general definition of a refugee. In the context of situations involving DDR processes, article 1F is of particular relevance, in that it stipulates that the provisions of the 1951 Convention shall not apply to any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that he or she has: \\n committed a crime against peace, a war crime or a crime against humanity, as defined in relevant international instruments; \\n committed a serious non-political crime outside the country of refuge prior to the person\u2019s admission to that country as a refugee; or \\n been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Asylum means the granting by a State of protection on its territory to individuals fleeing another country owing to persecution, armed conflict or violence. Military activity is incompatible with the concept of asylum. Persons who pursue military activities in a country of asylum cannot be asylum seekers or refugees. It is thus important to ensure that refugee camps\/settlements are protected from militarization and the presence of fighters or combatants.During emergency situations, particularly when people are fleeing armed conflict, refugee flows may occur simultaneously or mixed with combatants or fighters. It is thus important that combatants or fighters are identified and separated. Once separated from the refugee population, combatants and fighters may enter into a DDR process, if available.Former combatants or fighters who have been verified to have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities may seek asylum. Participation in a DDR programme provides a verifiable process through which the former combatant or fighter genuinely and permanently renounces military activities. Other types of DDR processes may also provide this verification, as long as there is a formal process through which a combatant becomes an ex-combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).DDR practitioners should also take into consideration that civilian family members of participants in DDR processes may be refugees or asylum seekers, and efforts must be in place to consider family unity during, for example, repatriation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":275, "Sentence":"International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR international refugee law serf another part normative international legal framework may relevance unsupported ddr process ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"i. International refugee law", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).A refugee is a person who is outside his or her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.However, articles 1C to 1F of the 1951 Convention provide for circumstances in which it shall not apply to a person who would otherwise fall within the general definition of a refugee. In the context of situations involving DDR processes, article 1F is of particular relevance, in that it stipulates that the provisions of the 1951 Convention shall not apply to any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that he or she has: \\n committed a crime against peace, a war crime or a crime against humanity, as defined in relevant international instruments; \\n committed a serious non-political crime outside the country of refuge prior to the person\u2019s admission to that country as a refugee; or \\n been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Asylum means the granting by a State of protection on its territory to individuals fleeing another country owing to persecution, armed conflict or violence. Military activity is incompatible with the concept of asylum. Persons who pursue military activities in a country of asylum cannot be asylum seekers or refugees. It is thus important to ensure that refugee camps\/settlements are protected from militarization and the presence of fighters or combatants.During emergency situations, particularly when people are fleeing armed conflict, refugee flows may occur simultaneously or mixed with combatants or fighters. It is thus important that combatants or fighters are identified and separated. Once separated from the refugee population, combatants and fighters may enter into a DDR process, if available.Former combatants or fighters who have been verified to have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities may seek asylum. Participation in a DDR programme provides a verifiable process through which the former combatant or fighter genuinely and permanently renounces military activities. Other types of DDR processes may also provide this verification, as long as there is a formal process through which a combatant becomes an ex-combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).DDR practitioners should also take into consideration that civilian family members of participants in DDR processes may be refugees or asylum seekers, and efforts must be in place to consider family unity during, for example, repatriation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":275, "Sentence":"This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR area law may particularly relevant ddr process include repatriation component open foreign national see iddrs 5.40 crossborder population movements.international refugee law serf another part normative international legal framework may relevance unsupported ddr process ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"i. International refugee law", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).A refugee is a person who is outside his or her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.However, articles 1C to 1F of the 1951 Convention provide for circumstances in which it shall not apply to a person who would otherwise fall within the general definition of a refugee. In the context of situations involving DDR processes, article 1F is of particular relevance, in that it stipulates that the provisions of the 1951 Convention shall not apply to any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that he or she has: \\n committed a crime against peace, a war crime or a crime against humanity, as defined in relevant international instruments; \\n committed a serious non-political crime outside the country of refuge prior to the person\u2019s admission to that country as a refugee; or \\n been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Asylum means the granting by a State of protection on its territory to individuals fleeing another country owing to persecution, armed conflict or violence. Military activity is incompatible with the concept of asylum. Persons who pursue military activities in a country of asylum cannot be asylum seekers or refugees. It is thus important to ensure that refugee camps\/settlements are protected from militarization and the presence of fighters or combatants.During emergency situations, particularly when people are fleeing armed conflict, refugee flows may occur simultaneously or mixed with combatants or fighters. It is thus important that combatants or fighters are identified and separated. Once separated from the refugee population, combatants and fighters may enter into a DDR process, if available.Former combatants or fighters who have been verified to have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities may seek asylum. Participation in a DDR programme provides a verifiable process through which the former combatant or fighter genuinely and permanently renounces military activities. Other types of DDR processes may also provide this verification, as long as there is a formal process through which a combatant becomes an ex-combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).DDR practitioners should also take into consideration that civilian family members of participants in DDR processes may be refugees or asylum seekers, and efforts must be in place to consider family unity during, for example, repatriation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":275, "Sentence":"This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).A refugee is a person who is outside his or her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.However, articles 1C to 1F of the 1951 Convention provide for circumstances in which it shall not apply to a person who would otherwise fall within the general definition of a refugee.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR area law may particularly relevant ddr process include repatriation component open foreign national see iddrs 5.40 crossborder population movements.a refugee person outside country nationality habitual residence wellfounded fear persecuted race religion nationality membership particular social group political opinion unable unwilling avail protection country return fear persecution.however article 1c 1f 1951 convention provide circumstance shall apply person would otherwise fall within general definition refugee ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"i. International refugee law", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).A refugee is a person who is outside his or her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.However, articles 1C to 1F of the 1951 Convention provide for circumstances in which it shall not apply to a person who would otherwise fall within the general definition of a refugee. In the context of situations involving DDR processes, article 1F is of particular relevance, in that it stipulates that the provisions of the 1951 Convention shall not apply to any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that he or she has: \\n committed a crime against peace, a war crime or a crime against humanity, as defined in relevant international instruments; \\n committed a serious non-political crime outside the country of refuge prior to the person\u2019s admission to that country as a refugee; or \\n been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Asylum means the granting by a State of protection on its territory to individuals fleeing another country owing to persecution, armed conflict or violence. Military activity is incompatible with the concept of asylum. Persons who pursue military activities in a country of asylum cannot be asylum seekers or refugees. It is thus important to ensure that refugee camps\/settlements are protected from militarization and the presence of fighters or combatants.During emergency situations, particularly when people are fleeing armed conflict, refugee flows may occur simultaneously or mixed with combatants or fighters. It is thus important that combatants or fighters are identified and separated. Once separated from the refugee population, combatants and fighters may enter into a DDR process, if available.Former combatants or fighters who have been verified to have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities may seek asylum. Participation in a DDR programme provides a verifiable process through which the former combatant or fighter genuinely and permanently renounces military activities. Other types of DDR processes may also provide this verification, as long as there is a formal process through which a combatant becomes an ex-combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).DDR practitioners should also take into consideration that civilian family members of participants in DDR processes may be refugees or asylum seekers, and efforts must be in place to consider family unity during, for example, repatriation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":275, "Sentence":"In the context of situations involving DDR processes, article 1F is of particular relevance, in that it stipulates that the provisions of the 1951 Convention shall not apply to any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that he or she has: \\n committed a crime against peace, a war crime or a crime against humanity, as defined in relevant international instruments; \\n committed a serious non-political crime outside the country of refuge prior to the person\u2019s admission to that country as a refugee; or \\n been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Asylum means the granting by a State of protection on its territory to individuals fleeing another country owing to persecution, armed conflict or violence.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR context situation involving ddr process article 1f particular relevance stipulates provision 1951 convention shall apply person respect serious reason considering n committed crime peace war crime crime humanity defined relevant international instrument n committed serious nonpolitical crime outside country refuge prior person \u2019 admission country refugee n guilty act contrary purpose principle un.asylum mean granting state protection territory individual fleeing another country owing persecution armed conflict violence ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"i. International refugee law", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).A refugee is a person who is outside his or her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.However, articles 1C to 1F of the 1951 Convention provide for circumstances in which it shall not apply to a person who would otherwise fall within the general definition of a refugee. In the context of situations involving DDR processes, article 1F is of particular relevance, in that it stipulates that the provisions of the 1951 Convention shall not apply to any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that he or she has: \\n committed a crime against peace, a war crime or a crime against humanity, as defined in relevant international instruments; \\n committed a serious non-political crime outside the country of refuge prior to the person\u2019s admission to that country as a refugee; or \\n been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Asylum means the granting by a State of protection on its territory to individuals fleeing another country owing to persecution, armed conflict or violence. Military activity is incompatible with the concept of asylum. Persons who pursue military activities in a country of asylum cannot be asylum seekers or refugees. It is thus important to ensure that refugee camps\/settlements are protected from militarization and the presence of fighters or combatants.During emergency situations, particularly when people are fleeing armed conflict, refugee flows may occur simultaneously or mixed with combatants or fighters. It is thus important that combatants or fighters are identified and separated. Once separated from the refugee population, combatants and fighters may enter into a DDR process, if available.Former combatants or fighters who have been verified to have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities may seek asylum. Participation in a DDR programme provides a verifiable process through which the former combatant or fighter genuinely and permanently renounces military activities. Other types of DDR processes may also provide this verification, as long as there is a formal process through which a combatant becomes an ex-combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).DDR practitioners should also take into consideration that civilian family members of participants in DDR processes may be refugees or asylum seekers, and efforts must be in place to consider family unity during, for example, repatriation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":275, "Sentence":"Military activity is incompatible with the concept of asylum.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR military activity incompatible concept asylum ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"i. International refugee law", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).A refugee is a person who is outside his or her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.However, articles 1C to 1F of the 1951 Convention provide for circumstances in which it shall not apply to a person who would otherwise fall within the general definition of a refugee. In the context of situations involving DDR processes, article 1F is of particular relevance, in that it stipulates that the provisions of the 1951 Convention shall not apply to any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that he or she has: \\n committed a crime against peace, a war crime or a crime against humanity, as defined in relevant international instruments; \\n committed a serious non-political crime outside the country of refuge prior to the person\u2019s admission to that country as a refugee; or \\n been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Asylum means the granting by a State of protection on its territory to individuals fleeing another country owing to persecution, armed conflict or violence. Military activity is incompatible with the concept of asylum. Persons who pursue military activities in a country of asylum cannot be asylum seekers or refugees. It is thus important to ensure that refugee camps\/settlements are protected from militarization and the presence of fighters or combatants.During emergency situations, particularly when people are fleeing armed conflict, refugee flows may occur simultaneously or mixed with combatants or fighters. It is thus important that combatants or fighters are identified and separated. Once separated from the refugee population, combatants and fighters may enter into a DDR process, if available.Former combatants or fighters who have been verified to have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities may seek asylum. Participation in a DDR programme provides a verifiable process through which the former combatant or fighter genuinely and permanently renounces military activities. Other types of DDR processes may also provide this verification, as long as there is a formal process through which a combatant becomes an ex-combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).DDR practitioners should also take into consideration that civilian family members of participants in DDR processes may be refugees or asylum seekers, and efforts must be in place to consider family unity during, for example, repatriation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":275, "Sentence":"Persons who pursue military activities in a country of asylum cannot be asylum seekers or refugees.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR person pursue military activity country asylum asylum seeker refugee ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"i. International refugee law", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).A refugee is a person who is outside his or her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.However, articles 1C to 1F of the 1951 Convention provide for circumstances in which it shall not apply to a person who would otherwise fall within the general definition of a refugee. In the context of situations involving DDR processes, article 1F is of particular relevance, in that it stipulates that the provisions of the 1951 Convention shall not apply to any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that he or she has: \\n committed a crime against peace, a war crime or a crime against humanity, as defined in relevant international instruments; \\n committed a serious non-political crime outside the country of refuge prior to the person\u2019s admission to that country as a refugee; or \\n been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Asylum means the granting by a State of protection on its territory to individuals fleeing another country owing to persecution, armed conflict or violence. Military activity is incompatible with the concept of asylum. Persons who pursue military activities in a country of asylum cannot be asylum seekers or refugees. It is thus important to ensure that refugee camps\/settlements are protected from militarization and the presence of fighters or combatants.During emergency situations, particularly when people are fleeing armed conflict, refugee flows may occur simultaneously or mixed with combatants or fighters. It is thus important that combatants or fighters are identified and separated. Once separated from the refugee population, combatants and fighters may enter into a DDR process, if available.Former combatants or fighters who have been verified to have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities may seek asylum. Participation in a DDR programme provides a verifiable process through which the former combatant or fighter genuinely and permanently renounces military activities. Other types of DDR processes may also provide this verification, as long as there is a formal process through which a combatant becomes an ex-combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).DDR practitioners should also take into consideration that civilian family members of participants in DDR processes may be refugees or asylum seekers, and efforts must be in place to consider family unity during, for example, repatriation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":275, "Sentence":"It is thus important to ensure that refugee camps\/settlements are protected from militarization and the presence of fighters or combatants.During emergency situations, particularly when people are fleeing armed conflict, refugee flows may occur simultaneously or mixed with combatants or fighters.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR thus important ensure refugee camps\/settlements protected militarization presence fighter combatants.during emergency situation particularly people fleeing armed conflict refugee flow may occur simultaneously mixed combatant fighter ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"i. International refugee law", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).A refugee is a person who is outside his or her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.However, articles 1C to 1F of the 1951 Convention provide for circumstances in which it shall not apply to a person who would otherwise fall within the general definition of a refugee. In the context of situations involving DDR processes, article 1F is of particular relevance, in that it stipulates that the provisions of the 1951 Convention shall not apply to any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that he or she has: \\n committed a crime against peace, a war crime or a crime against humanity, as defined in relevant international instruments; \\n committed a serious non-political crime outside the country of refuge prior to the person\u2019s admission to that country as a refugee; or \\n been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Asylum means the granting by a State of protection on its territory to individuals fleeing another country owing to persecution, armed conflict or violence. Military activity is incompatible with the concept of asylum. Persons who pursue military activities in a country of asylum cannot be asylum seekers or refugees. It is thus important to ensure that refugee camps\/settlements are protected from militarization and the presence of fighters or combatants.During emergency situations, particularly when people are fleeing armed conflict, refugee flows may occur simultaneously or mixed with combatants or fighters. It is thus important that combatants or fighters are identified and separated. Once separated from the refugee population, combatants and fighters may enter into a DDR process, if available.Former combatants or fighters who have been verified to have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities may seek asylum. Participation in a DDR programme provides a verifiable process through which the former combatant or fighter genuinely and permanently renounces military activities. Other types of DDR processes may also provide this verification, as long as there is a formal process through which a combatant becomes an ex-combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).DDR practitioners should also take into consideration that civilian family members of participants in DDR processes may be refugees or asylum seekers, and efforts must be in place to consider family unity during, for example, repatriation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":275, "Sentence":"It is thus important that combatants or fighters are identified and separated.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR thus important combatant fighter identified separated ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"i. International refugee law", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).A refugee is a person who is outside his or her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.However, articles 1C to 1F of the 1951 Convention provide for circumstances in which it shall not apply to a person who would otherwise fall within the general definition of a refugee. In the context of situations involving DDR processes, article 1F is of particular relevance, in that it stipulates that the provisions of the 1951 Convention shall not apply to any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that he or she has: \\n committed a crime against peace, a war crime or a crime against humanity, as defined in relevant international instruments; \\n committed a serious non-political crime outside the country of refuge prior to the person\u2019s admission to that country as a refugee; or \\n been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Asylum means the granting by a State of protection on its territory to individuals fleeing another country owing to persecution, armed conflict or violence. Military activity is incompatible with the concept of asylum. Persons who pursue military activities in a country of asylum cannot be asylum seekers or refugees. It is thus important to ensure that refugee camps\/settlements are protected from militarization and the presence of fighters or combatants.During emergency situations, particularly when people are fleeing armed conflict, refugee flows may occur simultaneously or mixed with combatants or fighters. It is thus important that combatants or fighters are identified and separated. Once separated from the refugee population, combatants and fighters may enter into a DDR process, if available.Former combatants or fighters who have been verified to have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities may seek asylum. Participation in a DDR programme provides a verifiable process through which the former combatant or fighter genuinely and permanently renounces military activities. Other types of DDR processes may also provide this verification, as long as there is a formal process through which a combatant becomes an ex-combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).DDR practitioners should also take into consideration that civilian family members of participants in DDR processes may be refugees or asylum seekers, and efforts must be in place to consider family unity during, for example, repatriation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":275, "Sentence":"Once separated from the refugee population, combatants and fighters may enter into a DDR process, if available.Former combatants or fighters who have been verified to have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities may seek asylum.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR separated refugee population combatant fighter may enter ddr process available.former combatant fighter verified genuinely permanently renounced military activity may seek asylum ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"i. International refugee law", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).A refugee is a person who is outside his or her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.However, articles 1C to 1F of the 1951 Convention provide for circumstances in which it shall not apply to a person who would otherwise fall within the general definition of a refugee. In the context of situations involving DDR processes, article 1F is of particular relevance, in that it stipulates that the provisions of the 1951 Convention shall not apply to any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that he or she has: \\n committed a crime against peace, a war crime or a crime against humanity, as defined in relevant international instruments; \\n committed a serious non-political crime outside the country of refuge prior to the person\u2019s admission to that country as a refugee; or \\n been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Asylum means the granting by a State of protection on its territory to individuals fleeing another country owing to persecution, armed conflict or violence. Military activity is incompatible with the concept of asylum. Persons who pursue military activities in a country of asylum cannot be asylum seekers or refugees. It is thus important to ensure that refugee camps\/settlements are protected from militarization and the presence of fighters or combatants.During emergency situations, particularly when people are fleeing armed conflict, refugee flows may occur simultaneously or mixed with combatants or fighters. It is thus important that combatants or fighters are identified and separated. Once separated from the refugee population, combatants and fighters may enter into a DDR process, if available.Former combatants or fighters who have been verified to have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities may seek asylum. Participation in a DDR programme provides a verifiable process through which the former combatant or fighter genuinely and permanently renounces military activities. Other types of DDR processes may also provide this verification, as long as there is a formal process through which a combatant becomes an ex-combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).DDR practitioners should also take into consideration that civilian family members of participants in DDR processes may be refugees or asylum seekers, and efforts must be in place to consider family unity during, for example, repatriation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":275, "Sentence":"Participation in a DDR programme provides a verifiable process through which the former combatant or fighter genuinely and permanently renounces military activities.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR participation ddr programme provides verifiable process former combatant fighter genuinely permanently renounces military activity ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"i. International refugee law", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).A refugee is a person who is outside his or her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.However, articles 1C to 1F of the 1951 Convention provide for circumstances in which it shall not apply to a person who would otherwise fall within the general definition of a refugee. In the context of situations involving DDR processes, article 1F is of particular relevance, in that it stipulates that the provisions of the 1951 Convention shall not apply to any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that he or she has: \\n committed a crime against peace, a war crime or a crime against humanity, as defined in relevant international instruments; \\n committed a serious non-political crime outside the country of refuge prior to the person\u2019s admission to that country as a refugee; or \\n been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Asylum means the granting by a State of protection on its territory to individuals fleeing another country owing to persecution, armed conflict or violence. Military activity is incompatible with the concept of asylum. Persons who pursue military activities in a country of asylum cannot be asylum seekers or refugees. It is thus important to ensure that refugee camps\/settlements are protected from militarization and the presence of fighters or combatants.During emergency situations, particularly when people are fleeing armed conflict, refugee flows may occur simultaneously or mixed with combatants or fighters. It is thus important that combatants or fighters are identified and separated. Once separated from the refugee population, combatants and fighters may enter into a DDR process, if available.Former combatants or fighters who have been verified to have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities may seek asylum. Participation in a DDR programme provides a verifiable process through which the former combatant or fighter genuinely and permanently renounces military activities. Other types of DDR processes may also provide this verification, as long as there is a formal process through which a combatant becomes an ex-combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).DDR practitioners should also take into consideration that civilian family members of participants in DDR processes may be refugees or asylum seekers, and efforts must be in place to consider family unity during, for example, repatriation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":275, "Sentence":"Other types of DDR processes may also provide this verification, as long as there is a formal process through which a combatant becomes an ex-combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).DDR practitioners should also take into consideration that civilian family members of participants in DDR processes may be refugees or asylum seekers, and efforts must be in place to consider family unity during, for example, repatriation.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR type ddr process may also provide verification long formal process combatant becomes excombatant see iddrs 4.20 demobilization.ddr practitioner also take consideration civilian family member participant ddr process may refugee asylum seeker effort must place consider family unity example repatriation ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"ii. The principle of non-refoulement", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The principle of non-refoulement (article 33 of the 1951 Convention) is so fundamental that no reservations or derogations may be made to it. The principle also has the status of international customary law, which means that it is binding on all States, including those that are not party to the 1951 Convention. It provides that no State shall expel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee against his or her will, in any manner whatsoever, to a territory where he or she fears with good reason that his or her life or freedom would be threatened, or where he or she would be subject to persecution on account of his\/her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. The prohibition of refoulement under international refugee law is applicable to any form of forcible removal, including deportation, expulsion, extradition, informal transfer or \u2018renditions\u2019, and non-admission at the border, as per article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention, which refers to expulsion or return (refoulement) \u201cin any manner whatsoever\u201d. This has been interpreted to include not only a return to the country of origin or, in the case of a stateless person, the country of former habitual residence, but also to any other place where a person has reason to fear threats to his or her life or freedom related to one or more of the grounds set out in the 1951 Convention, or from where the person risks being sent to a territory where he or she faces such a risk.In the context of DDR, this means that a former fighter\/combatant who has renounced military activity and been admitted to the asylum procedure is protected from refoulement by virtue of Article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention and international customary law. This precludes the forced repatriation of this individual unless and until his or her asylum claim is finally rejected.Under Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention, an exception to the non-refoulement obligation in international refugee law exists where (1) there are reasonable grounds for regarding the refugee as a danger to the security of the country in which the refugee is located; or (2) the refugee, having been convicted of a particularly serious crime by final judgment, constitutes a danger to the community of the country where the refugee is located.While the principle of non-refoulement originates in international refugee law, it has also become an integral part of international human rights law. This principle is explicitly contained in Article 3 of the CAT, and has also been interpreted by the Human Rights Committee to be part of Articles 6 (right to life) and 7 (right to be free from tor-ture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment) of the ICCPR.6 In international human rights law, the principle applies without exception, and there is no provision similar to Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention (see above). Accordingly, States are bound not to transfer any individual to another State, if this would expose him or her to a real risk of being subjected to arbitrary deprivation of life, or torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or enforced disappearance.As such, the principle of non-refoulement under international human rights law also applies to active fighters\/combatants even though these individuals are not considered refugees.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":276, "Sentence":"The principle of non-refoulement (article 33 of the 1951 Convention) is so fundamental that no reservations or derogations may be made to it.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR principle nonrefoulement article 33 1951 convention fundamental reservation derogation may made ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"ii. The principle of non-refoulement", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The principle of non-refoulement (article 33 of the 1951 Convention) is so fundamental that no reservations or derogations may be made to it. The principle also has the status of international customary law, which means that it is binding on all States, including those that are not party to the 1951 Convention. It provides that no State shall expel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee against his or her will, in any manner whatsoever, to a territory where he or she fears with good reason that his or her life or freedom would be threatened, or where he or she would be subject to persecution on account of his\/her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. The prohibition of refoulement under international refugee law is applicable to any form of forcible removal, including deportation, expulsion, extradition, informal transfer or \u2018renditions\u2019, and non-admission at the border, as per article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention, which refers to expulsion or return (refoulement) \u201cin any manner whatsoever\u201d. This has been interpreted to include not only a return to the country of origin or, in the case of a stateless person, the country of former habitual residence, but also to any other place where a person has reason to fear threats to his or her life or freedom related to one or more of the grounds set out in the 1951 Convention, or from where the person risks being sent to a territory where he or she faces such a risk.In the context of DDR, this means that a former fighter\/combatant who has renounced military activity and been admitted to the asylum procedure is protected from refoulement by virtue of Article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention and international customary law. This precludes the forced repatriation of this individual unless and until his or her asylum claim is finally rejected.Under Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention, an exception to the non-refoulement obligation in international refugee law exists where (1) there are reasonable grounds for regarding the refugee as a danger to the security of the country in which the refugee is located; or (2) the refugee, having been convicted of a particularly serious crime by final judgment, constitutes a danger to the community of the country where the refugee is located.While the principle of non-refoulement originates in international refugee law, it has also become an integral part of international human rights law. This principle is explicitly contained in Article 3 of the CAT, and has also been interpreted by the Human Rights Committee to be part of Articles 6 (right to life) and 7 (right to be free from tor-ture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment) of the ICCPR.6 In international human rights law, the principle applies without exception, and there is no provision similar to Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention (see above). Accordingly, States are bound not to transfer any individual to another State, if this would expose him or her to a real risk of being subjected to arbitrary deprivation of life, or torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or enforced disappearance.As such, the principle of non-refoulement under international human rights law also applies to active fighters\/combatants even though these individuals are not considered refugees.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":276, "Sentence":"The principle also has the status of international customary law, which means that it is binding on all States, including those that are not party to the 1951 Convention.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR principle also status international customary law mean binding state including party 1951 convention ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"ii. The principle of non-refoulement", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The principle of non-refoulement (article 33 of the 1951 Convention) is so fundamental that no reservations or derogations may be made to it. The principle also has the status of international customary law, which means that it is binding on all States, including those that are not party to the 1951 Convention. It provides that no State shall expel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee against his or her will, in any manner whatsoever, to a territory where he or she fears with good reason that his or her life or freedom would be threatened, or where he or she would be subject to persecution on account of his\/her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. The prohibition of refoulement under international refugee law is applicable to any form of forcible removal, including deportation, expulsion, extradition, informal transfer or \u2018renditions\u2019, and non-admission at the border, as per article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention, which refers to expulsion or return (refoulement) \u201cin any manner whatsoever\u201d. This has been interpreted to include not only a return to the country of origin or, in the case of a stateless person, the country of former habitual residence, but also to any other place where a person has reason to fear threats to his or her life or freedom related to one or more of the grounds set out in the 1951 Convention, or from where the person risks being sent to a territory where he or she faces such a risk.In the context of DDR, this means that a former fighter\/combatant who has renounced military activity and been admitted to the asylum procedure is protected from refoulement by virtue of Article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention and international customary law. This precludes the forced repatriation of this individual unless and until his or her asylum claim is finally rejected.Under Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention, an exception to the non-refoulement obligation in international refugee law exists where (1) there are reasonable grounds for regarding the refugee as a danger to the security of the country in which the refugee is located; or (2) the refugee, having been convicted of a particularly serious crime by final judgment, constitutes a danger to the community of the country where the refugee is located.While the principle of non-refoulement originates in international refugee law, it has also become an integral part of international human rights law. This principle is explicitly contained in Article 3 of the CAT, and has also been interpreted by the Human Rights Committee to be part of Articles 6 (right to life) and 7 (right to be free from tor-ture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment) of the ICCPR.6 In international human rights law, the principle applies without exception, and there is no provision similar to Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention (see above). Accordingly, States are bound not to transfer any individual to another State, if this would expose him or her to a real risk of being subjected to arbitrary deprivation of life, or torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or enforced disappearance.As such, the principle of non-refoulement under international human rights law also applies to active fighters\/combatants even though these individuals are not considered refugees.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":276, "Sentence":"It provides that no State shall expel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee against his or her will, in any manner whatsoever, to a territory where he or she fears with good reason that his or her life or freedom would be threatened, or where he or she would be subject to persecution on account of his\/her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR provides state shall expel return \u2018 refouler \u2019 refugee manner whatsoever territory fear good reason life freedom would threatened would subject persecution account his\/her race religion nationality membership particular social group political opinion ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"ii. The principle of non-refoulement", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The principle of non-refoulement (article 33 of the 1951 Convention) is so fundamental that no reservations or derogations may be made to it. The principle also has the status of international customary law, which means that it is binding on all States, including those that are not party to the 1951 Convention. It provides that no State shall expel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee against his or her will, in any manner whatsoever, to a territory where he or she fears with good reason that his or her life or freedom would be threatened, or where he or she would be subject to persecution on account of his\/her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. The prohibition of refoulement under international refugee law is applicable to any form of forcible removal, including deportation, expulsion, extradition, informal transfer or \u2018renditions\u2019, and non-admission at the border, as per article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention, which refers to expulsion or return (refoulement) \u201cin any manner whatsoever\u201d. This has been interpreted to include not only a return to the country of origin or, in the case of a stateless person, the country of former habitual residence, but also to any other place where a person has reason to fear threats to his or her life or freedom related to one or more of the grounds set out in the 1951 Convention, or from where the person risks being sent to a territory where he or she faces such a risk.In the context of DDR, this means that a former fighter\/combatant who has renounced military activity and been admitted to the asylum procedure is protected from refoulement by virtue of Article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention and international customary law. This precludes the forced repatriation of this individual unless and until his or her asylum claim is finally rejected.Under Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention, an exception to the non-refoulement obligation in international refugee law exists where (1) there are reasonable grounds for regarding the refugee as a danger to the security of the country in which the refugee is located; or (2) the refugee, having been convicted of a particularly serious crime by final judgment, constitutes a danger to the community of the country where the refugee is located.While the principle of non-refoulement originates in international refugee law, it has also become an integral part of international human rights law. This principle is explicitly contained in Article 3 of the CAT, and has also been interpreted by the Human Rights Committee to be part of Articles 6 (right to life) and 7 (right to be free from tor-ture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment) of the ICCPR.6 In international human rights law, the principle applies without exception, and there is no provision similar to Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention (see above). Accordingly, States are bound not to transfer any individual to another State, if this would expose him or her to a real risk of being subjected to arbitrary deprivation of life, or torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or enforced disappearance.As such, the principle of non-refoulement under international human rights law also applies to active fighters\/combatants even though these individuals are not considered refugees.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":276, "Sentence":"The prohibition of refoulement under international refugee law is applicable to any form of forcible removal, including deportation, expulsion, extradition, informal transfer or \u2018renditions\u2019, and non-admission at the border, as per article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention, which refers to expulsion or return (refoulement) \u201cin any manner whatsoever\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR prohibition refoulement international refugee law applicable form forcible removal including deportation expulsion extradition informal transfer \u2018 rendition \u2019 nonadmission border per article 331 1951 convention refers expulsion return refoulement \u201c manner whatsoever \u201d ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"ii. The principle of non-refoulement", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The principle of non-refoulement (article 33 of the 1951 Convention) is so fundamental that no reservations or derogations may be made to it. The principle also has the status of international customary law, which means that it is binding on all States, including those that are not party to the 1951 Convention. It provides that no State shall expel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee against his or her will, in any manner whatsoever, to a territory where he or she fears with good reason that his or her life or freedom would be threatened, or where he or she would be subject to persecution on account of his\/her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. The prohibition of refoulement under international refugee law is applicable to any form of forcible removal, including deportation, expulsion, extradition, informal transfer or \u2018renditions\u2019, and non-admission at the border, as per article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention, which refers to expulsion or return (refoulement) \u201cin any manner whatsoever\u201d. This has been interpreted to include not only a return to the country of origin or, in the case of a stateless person, the country of former habitual residence, but also to any other place where a person has reason to fear threats to his or her life or freedom related to one or more of the grounds set out in the 1951 Convention, or from where the person risks being sent to a territory where he or she faces such a risk.In the context of DDR, this means that a former fighter\/combatant who has renounced military activity and been admitted to the asylum procedure is protected from refoulement by virtue of Article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention and international customary law. This precludes the forced repatriation of this individual unless and until his or her asylum claim is finally rejected.Under Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention, an exception to the non-refoulement obligation in international refugee law exists where (1) there are reasonable grounds for regarding the refugee as a danger to the security of the country in which the refugee is located; or (2) the refugee, having been convicted of a particularly serious crime by final judgment, constitutes a danger to the community of the country where the refugee is located.While the principle of non-refoulement originates in international refugee law, it has also become an integral part of international human rights law. This principle is explicitly contained in Article 3 of the CAT, and has also been interpreted by the Human Rights Committee to be part of Articles 6 (right to life) and 7 (right to be free from tor-ture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment) of the ICCPR.6 In international human rights law, the principle applies without exception, and there is no provision similar to Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention (see above). Accordingly, States are bound not to transfer any individual to another State, if this would expose him or her to a real risk of being subjected to arbitrary deprivation of life, or torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or enforced disappearance.As such, the principle of non-refoulement under international human rights law also applies to active fighters\/combatants even though these individuals are not considered refugees.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":276, "Sentence":"This has been interpreted to include not only a return to the country of origin or, in the case of a stateless person, the country of former habitual residence, but also to any other place where a person has reason to fear threats to his or her life or freedom related to one or more of the grounds set out in the 1951 Convention, or from where the person risks being sent to a territory where he or she faces such a risk.In the context of DDR, this means that a former fighter\/combatant who has renounced military activity and been admitted to the asylum procedure is protected from refoulement by virtue of Article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention and international customary law.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR interpreted include return country origin case stateless person country former habitual residence also place person reason fear threat life freedom related one ground set 1951 convention person risk sent territory face risk.in context ddr mean former fighter\/combatant renounced military activity admitted asylum procedure protected refoulement virtue article 331 1951 convention international customary law ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"ii. The principle of non-refoulement", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The principle of non-refoulement (article 33 of the 1951 Convention) is so fundamental that no reservations or derogations may be made to it. The principle also has the status of international customary law, which means that it is binding on all States, including those that are not party to the 1951 Convention. It provides that no State shall expel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee against his or her will, in any manner whatsoever, to a territory where he or she fears with good reason that his or her life or freedom would be threatened, or where he or she would be subject to persecution on account of his\/her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. The prohibition of refoulement under international refugee law is applicable to any form of forcible removal, including deportation, expulsion, extradition, informal transfer or \u2018renditions\u2019, and non-admission at the border, as per article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention, which refers to expulsion or return (refoulement) \u201cin any manner whatsoever\u201d. This has been interpreted to include not only a return to the country of origin or, in the case of a stateless person, the country of former habitual residence, but also to any other place where a person has reason to fear threats to his or her life or freedom related to one or more of the grounds set out in the 1951 Convention, or from where the person risks being sent to a territory where he or she faces such a risk.In the context of DDR, this means that a former fighter\/combatant who has renounced military activity and been admitted to the asylum procedure is protected from refoulement by virtue of Article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention and international customary law. This precludes the forced repatriation of this individual unless and until his or her asylum claim is finally rejected.Under Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention, an exception to the non-refoulement obligation in international refugee law exists where (1) there are reasonable grounds for regarding the refugee as a danger to the security of the country in which the refugee is located; or (2) the refugee, having been convicted of a particularly serious crime by final judgment, constitutes a danger to the community of the country where the refugee is located.While the principle of non-refoulement originates in international refugee law, it has also become an integral part of international human rights law. This principle is explicitly contained in Article 3 of the CAT, and has also been interpreted by the Human Rights Committee to be part of Articles 6 (right to life) and 7 (right to be free from tor-ture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment) of the ICCPR.6 In international human rights law, the principle applies without exception, and there is no provision similar to Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention (see above). Accordingly, States are bound not to transfer any individual to another State, if this would expose him or her to a real risk of being subjected to arbitrary deprivation of life, or torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or enforced disappearance.As such, the principle of non-refoulement under international human rights law also applies to active fighters\/combatants even though these individuals are not considered refugees.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":276, "Sentence":"This precludes the forced repatriation of this individual unless and until his or her asylum claim is finally rejected.Under Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention, an exception to the non-refoulement obligation in international refugee law exists where (1) there are reasonable grounds for regarding the refugee as a danger to the security of the country in which the refugee is located; or (2) the refugee, having been convicted of a particularly serious crime by final judgment, constitutes a danger to the community of the country where the refugee is located.While the principle of non-refoulement originates in international refugee law, it has also become an integral part of international human rights law.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR precludes forced repatriation individual unless asylum claim finally rejected.under article 332 1951 convention exception nonrefoulement obligation international refugee law exists 1 reasonable ground regarding refugee danger security country refugee located 2 refugee convicted particularly serious crime final judgment constitutes danger community country refugee located.while principle nonrefoulement originates international refugee law also become integral part international human right law ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"ii. The principle of non-refoulement", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The principle of non-refoulement (article 33 of the 1951 Convention) is so fundamental that no reservations or derogations may be made to it. The principle also has the status of international customary law, which means that it is binding on all States, including those that are not party to the 1951 Convention. It provides that no State shall expel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee against his or her will, in any manner whatsoever, to a territory where he or she fears with good reason that his or her life or freedom would be threatened, or where he or she would be subject to persecution on account of his\/her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. The prohibition of refoulement under international refugee law is applicable to any form of forcible removal, including deportation, expulsion, extradition, informal transfer or \u2018renditions\u2019, and non-admission at the border, as per article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention, which refers to expulsion or return (refoulement) \u201cin any manner whatsoever\u201d. This has been interpreted to include not only a return to the country of origin or, in the case of a stateless person, the country of former habitual residence, but also to any other place where a person has reason to fear threats to his or her life or freedom related to one or more of the grounds set out in the 1951 Convention, or from where the person risks being sent to a territory where he or she faces such a risk.In the context of DDR, this means that a former fighter\/combatant who has renounced military activity and been admitted to the asylum procedure is protected from refoulement by virtue of Article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention and international customary law. This precludes the forced repatriation of this individual unless and until his or her asylum claim is finally rejected.Under Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention, an exception to the non-refoulement obligation in international refugee law exists where (1) there are reasonable grounds for regarding the refugee as a danger to the security of the country in which the refugee is located; or (2) the refugee, having been convicted of a particularly serious crime by final judgment, constitutes a danger to the community of the country where the refugee is located.While the principle of non-refoulement originates in international refugee law, it has also become an integral part of international human rights law. This principle is explicitly contained in Article 3 of the CAT, and has also been interpreted by the Human Rights Committee to be part of Articles 6 (right to life) and 7 (right to be free from tor-ture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment) of the ICCPR.6 In international human rights law, the principle applies without exception, and there is no provision similar to Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention (see above). Accordingly, States are bound not to transfer any individual to another State, if this would expose him or her to a real risk of being subjected to arbitrary deprivation of life, or torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or enforced disappearance.As such, the principle of non-refoulement under international human rights law also applies to active fighters\/combatants even though these individuals are not considered refugees.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":276, "Sentence":"This principle is explicitly contained in Article 3 of the CAT, and has also been interpreted by the Human Rights Committee to be part of Articles 6 (right to life) and 7 (right to be free from tor-ture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment) of the ICCPR.6 In international human rights law, the principle applies without exception, and there is no provision similar to Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention (see above).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR principle explicitly contained article 3 cat also interpreted human right committee part article 6 right life 7 right free torture cruel inhuman degrading treatment punishment iccpr.6 international human right law principle applies without exception provision similar article 332 1951 convention see ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"ii. The principle of non-refoulement", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The principle of non-refoulement (article 33 of the 1951 Convention) is so fundamental that no reservations or derogations may be made to it. The principle also has the status of international customary law, which means that it is binding on all States, including those that are not party to the 1951 Convention. It provides that no State shall expel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee against his or her will, in any manner whatsoever, to a territory where he or she fears with good reason that his or her life or freedom would be threatened, or where he or she would be subject to persecution on account of his\/her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. The prohibition of refoulement under international refugee law is applicable to any form of forcible removal, including deportation, expulsion, extradition, informal transfer or \u2018renditions\u2019, and non-admission at the border, as per article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention, which refers to expulsion or return (refoulement) \u201cin any manner whatsoever\u201d. This has been interpreted to include not only a return to the country of origin or, in the case of a stateless person, the country of former habitual residence, but also to any other place where a person has reason to fear threats to his or her life or freedom related to one or more of the grounds set out in the 1951 Convention, or from where the person risks being sent to a territory where he or she faces such a risk.In the context of DDR, this means that a former fighter\/combatant who has renounced military activity and been admitted to the asylum procedure is protected from refoulement by virtue of Article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention and international customary law. This precludes the forced repatriation of this individual unless and until his or her asylum claim is finally rejected.Under Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention, an exception to the non-refoulement obligation in international refugee law exists where (1) there are reasonable grounds for regarding the refugee as a danger to the security of the country in which the refugee is located; or (2) the refugee, having been convicted of a particularly serious crime by final judgment, constitutes a danger to the community of the country where the refugee is located.While the principle of non-refoulement originates in international refugee law, it has also become an integral part of international human rights law. This principle is explicitly contained in Article 3 of the CAT, and has also been interpreted by the Human Rights Committee to be part of Articles 6 (right to life) and 7 (right to be free from tor-ture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment) of the ICCPR.6 In international human rights law, the principle applies without exception, and there is no provision similar to Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention (see above). Accordingly, States are bound not to transfer any individual to another State, if this would expose him or her to a real risk of being subjected to arbitrary deprivation of life, or torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or enforced disappearance.As such, the principle of non-refoulement under international human rights law also applies to active fighters\/combatants even though these individuals are not considered refugees.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":276, "Sentence":"Accordingly, States are bound not to transfer any individual to another State, if this would expose him or her to a real risk of being subjected to arbitrary deprivation of life, or torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or enforced disappearance.As such, the principle of non-refoulement under international human rights law also applies to active fighters\/combatants even though these individuals are not considered refugees.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR accordingly state bound transfer individual another state would expose real risk subjected arbitrary deprivation life torture cruel inhuman degrading treatment punishment enforced disappearance.as principle nonrefoulement international human right law also applies active fighters\/combatants even though individual considered refugee ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"iii. Internally displaced persons", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Relatedly, a body of rules has also been developed with respect to internally displaced persons (IDPs). In addition to relevant human rights law principles, the \u201cGuiding Principles on Internal Displacement\u201d (E\/CN.4\/1998\/53\/Add.2) provide a framework for the protection and assistance of IDPs. The Guiding Principles contain practical guidance to the UN in its protection of IDPs, as well as serve as an instrument for public policy education and awareness-raising. Substantively, the Guiding Principles address the specific needs of IDPs worldwide. They identify rights and guarantees relevant to the protection of persons from forced displacement and to their protection and assistance during displacement as well as during return or reintegration.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of international refugee law and how it relates to UN DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the principle of non-refoulement, which exists under both international human rights law and international refugee law, though with different conditions. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is carried out.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international refugee law by national authorities. In particular, they shall not facilitate any violations of the principle of non-refoulement including for DDR participants and beneficiaries who may not qualify as refugees.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":277, "Sentence":"Relatedly, a body of rules has also been developed with respect to internally displaced persons (IDPs).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR relatedly body rule also developed respect internally displaced person idp ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"iii. Internally displaced persons", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Relatedly, a body of rules has also been developed with respect to internally displaced persons (IDPs). In addition to relevant human rights law principles, the \u201cGuiding Principles on Internal Displacement\u201d (E\/CN.4\/1998\/53\/Add.2) provide a framework for the protection and assistance of IDPs. The Guiding Principles contain practical guidance to the UN in its protection of IDPs, as well as serve as an instrument for public policy education and awareness-raising. Substantively, the Guiding Principles address the specific needs of IDPs worldwide. They identify rights and guarantees relevant to the protection of persons from forced displacement and to their protection and assistance during displacement as well as during return or reintegration.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of international refugee law and how it relates to UN DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the principle of non-refoulement, which exists under both international human rights law and international refugee law, though with different conditions. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is carried out.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international refugee law by national authorities. In particular, they shall not facilitate any violations of the principle of non-refoulement including for DDR participants and beneficiaries who may not qualify as refugees.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":277, "Sentence":"In addition to relevant human rights law principles, the \u201cGuiding Principles on Internal Displacement\u201d (E\/CN.4\/1998\/53\/Add.2) provide a framework for the protection and assistance of IDPs.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR addition relevant human right law principle \u201c guiding principle internal displacement \u201d e\/cn.4\/1998\/53\/add.2 provide framework protection assistance idp ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"iii. Internally displaced persons", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Relatedly, a body of rules has also been developed with respect to internally displaced persons (IDPs). In addition to relevant human rights law principles, the \u201cGuiding Principles on Internal Displacement\u201d (E\/CN.4\/1998\/53\/Add.2) provide a framework for the protection and assistance of IDPs. The Guiding Principles contain practical guidance to the UN in its protection of IDPs, as well as serve as an instrument for public policy education and awareness-raising. Substantively, the Guiding Principles address the specific needs of IDPs worldwide. They identify rights and guarantees relevant to the protection of persons from forced displacement and to their protection and assistance during displacement as well as during return or reintegration.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of international refugee law and how it relates to UN DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the principle of non-refoulement, which exists under both international human rights law and international refugee law, though with different conditions. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is carried out.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international refugee law by national authorities. In particular, they shall not facilitate any violations of the principle of non-refoulement including for DDR participants and beneficiaries who may not qualify as refugees.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":277, "Sentence":"The Guiding Principles contain practical guidance to the UN in its protection of IDPs, as well as serve as an instrument for public policy education and awareness-raising.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR guiding principle contain practical guidance un protection idp well serve instrument public policy education awarenessraising ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"iii. Internally displaced persons", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Relatedly, a body of rules has also been developed with respect to internally displaced persons (IDPs). In addition to relevant human rights law principles, the \u201cGuiding Principles on Internal Displacement\u201d (E\/CN.4\/1998\/53\/Add.2) provide a framework for the protection and assistance of IDPs. The Guiding Principles contain practical guidance to the UN in its protection of IDPs, as well as serve as an instrument for public policy education and awareness-raising. Substantively, the Guiding Principles address the specific needs of IDPs worldwide. They identify rights and guarantees relevant to the protection of persons from forced displacement and to their protection and assistance during displacement as well as during return or reintegration.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of international refugee law and how it relates to UN DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the principle of non-refoulement, which exists under both international human rights law and international refugee law, though with different conditions. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is carried out.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international refugee law by national authorities. In particular, they shall not facilitate any violations of the principle of non-refoulement including for DDR participants and beneficiaries who may not qualify as refugees.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":277, "Sentence":"Substantively, the Guiding Principles address the specific needs of IDPs worldwide.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR substantively guiding principle address specific need idp worldwide ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"iii. Internally displaced persons", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Relatedly, a body of rules has also been developed with respect to internally displaced persons (IDPs). In addition to relevant human rights law principles, the \u201cGuiding Principles on Internal Displacement\u201d (E\/CN.4\/1998\/53\/Add.2) provide a framework for the protection and assistance of IDPs. The Guiding Principles contain practical guidance to the UN in its protection of IDPs, as well as serve as an instrument for public policy education and awareness-raising. Substantively, the Guiding Principles address the specific needs of IDPs worldwide. They identify rights and guarantees relevant to the protection of persons from forced displacement and to their protection and assistance during displacement as well as during return or reintegration.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of international refugee law and how it relates to UN DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the principle of non-refoulement, which exists under both international human rights law and international refugee law, though with different conditions. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is carried out.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international refugee law by national authorities. In particular, they shall not facilitate any violations of the principle of non-refoulement including for DDR participants and beneficiaries who may not qualify as refugees.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":277, "Sentence":"They identify rights and guarantees relevant to the protection of persons from forced displacement and to their protection and assistance during displacement as well as during return or reintegration.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of international refugee law and how it relates to UN DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR identify right guarantee relevant protection person forced displacement protection assistance displacement well return reintegration.specific guiding principle n ddr practitioner aware international refugee law relates un ddr process ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"iii. Internally displaced persons", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Relatedly, a body of rules has also been developed with respect to internally displaced persons (IDPs). In addition to relevant human rights law principles, the \u201cGuiding Principles on Internal Displacement\u201d (E\/CN.4\/1998\/53\/Add.2) provide a framework for the protection and assistance of IDPs. The Guiding Principles contain practical guidance to the UN in its protection of IDPs, as well as serve as an instrument for public policy education and awareness-raising. Substantively, the Guiding Principles address the specific needs of IDPs worldwide. They identify rights and guarantees relevant to the protection of persons from forced displacement and to their protection and assistance during displacement as well as during return or reintegration.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of international refugee law and how it relates to UN DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the principle of non-refoulement, which exists under both international human rights law and international refugee law, though with different conditions. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is carried out.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international refugee law by national authorities. In particular, they shall not facilitate any violations of the principle of non-refoulement including for DDR participants and beneficiaries who may not qualify as refugees.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":277, "Sentence":"\\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the principle of non-refoulement, which exists under both international human rights law and international refugee law, though with different conditions.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n ddr practitioner aware principle nonrefoulement exists international human right law international refugee law though different condition ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"iii. Internally displaced persons", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Relatedly, a body of rules has also been developed with respect to internally displaced persons (IDPs). In addition to relevant human rights law principles, the \u201cGuiding Principles on Internal Displacement\u201d (E\/CN.4\/1998\/53\/Add.2) provide a framework for the protection and assistance of IDPs. The Guiding Principles contain practical guidance to the UN in its protection of IDPs, as well as serve as an instrument for public policy education and awareness-raising. Substantively, the Guiding Principles address the specific needs of IDPs worldwide. They identify rights and guarantees relevant to the protection of persons from forced displacement and to their protection and assistance during displacement as well as during return or reintegration.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of international refugee law and how it relates to UN DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the principle of non-refoulement, which exists under both international human rights law and international refugee law, though with different conditions. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is carried out.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international refugee law by national authorities. In particular, they shall not facilitate any violations of the principle of non-refoulement including for DDR participants and beneficiaries who may not qualify as refugees.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":277, "Sentence":"\\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is carried out.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international refugee law by national authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n ddr practitioner aware relevant domestic legislation provides right freedom ddr participant beneficiary within member state ddr process carried out.red line n ddr practitioner shall facilitate violation international refugee law national authority ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons", "Heading4":"iii. Internally displaced persons", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Relatedly, a body of rules has also been developed with respect to internally displaced persons (IDPs). In addition to relevant human rights law principles, the \u201cGuiding Principles on Internal Displacement\u201d (E\/CN.4\/1998\/53\/Add.2) provide a framework for the protection and assistance of IDPs. The Guiding Principles contain practical guidance to the UN in its protection of IDPs, as well as serve as an instrument for public policy education and awareness-raising. Substantively, the Guiding Principles address the specific needs of IDPs worldwide. They identify rights and guarantees relevant to the protection of persons from forced displacement and to their protection and assistance during displacement as well as during return or reintegration.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of international refugee law and how it relates to UN DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the principle of non-refoulement, which exists under both international human rights law and international refugee law, though with different conditions. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is carried out.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international refugee law by national authorities. In particular, they shall not facilitate any violations of the principle of non-refoulement including for DDR participants and beneficiaries who may not qualify as refugees.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":277, "Sentence":"In particular, they shall not facilitate any violations of the principle of non-refoulement including for DDR participants and beneficiaries who may not qualify as refugees.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR particular shall facilitate violation principle nonrefoulement including ddr participant beneficiary may qualify refugee ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.4 Accountability mechanisms at the national and international levels", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In general, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes.DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability for international crimes. These include any judicial or non-judicial mechanisms that may be established with respect to international crimes committed in the host State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of local context.National courts usually have jurisdiction over all crimes committed within the State\u2019s territory, even when there are international criminal accountability mechanisms with complementary or concurrent jurisdiction over the same crimes.In terms of international criminal law, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) establishes individual and command responsibility under international law for (1) genocide;8 (2) crimes against humanity, which include, inter alia, murder, enslavement, deportation or forcible transfer of population, imprisonment, torture, rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or \u201cany other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity\u201d, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against the civilian population;9 (3) war crimes, which similarly include sexual violence;10 and (4) the crime of aggression.11 The law governing international crimes is also developed further by other sources of international law (e.g., treaties12 and customary international law13 ).Separately, there have been a number of international criminal tribunals14 and \u2018hybrid\u2019 international tribunals15 addressing crimes committed in specific situations. These tribunals have contributed to the extensive development of substantive and procedural international criminal law.Recently, there have also been a number of initiatives to provide degrees of international support to domestic courts or tribunals that are established in States to try international law crimes.16 Various other transitional justice initiatives may also apply, depending on the context.The UN opposes the application of the death penalty, including with respect to persons convicted of international crimes. The UN also discourages the extradition or deportation of a person where there is genuine risk that the death penalty may be imposed unless credible and reliable assurances are obtained that the death penalty will not be sought or imposed and, if imposed, will not be carried out but commuted. The UN\u2019s own criminal tribunals, UN-assisted criminal tribunals and the ICC are not empowered to impose capital punishment on any convicted person, regardless of the seriousness of the crime(s) of which he or she has been convicted. UN investigative mechanisms mandated to share information with national courts and tribunals should only do so with jurisdictions that respect international human rights law and standards, including the right to a fair trial, and shall only do so for use in criminal proceedings in which capital punishment will not be sought, imposed or carried out.Accountability mechanisms, together with DDR processes, form part of the toolkit for advancing peace processes. However, there is often tension, whether real or perceived, between peace, on the one hand, and justice and accountability, on the other. A prominent example is the issuance of amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution in exchange for participation in DDR processes, which could hinder the achievement of justice-related aims.It is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). With regard to the issue of terrorist offences, see section 4.2.6.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":278, "Sentence":"In general, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes.DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability for international crimes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR general duty every state exercise criminal jurisdiction responsible international crimes.ddr practitioner aware local international mechanism achieving justice accountability international crime ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.4 Accountability mechanisms at the national and international levels", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In general, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes.DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability for international crimes. These include any judicial or non-judicial mechanisms that may be established with respect to international crimes committed in the host State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of local context.National courts usually have jurisdiction over all crimes committed within the State\u2019s territory, even when there are international criminal accountability mechanisms with complementary or concurrent jurisdiction over the same crimes.In terms of international criminal law, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) establishes individual and command responsibility under international law for (1) genocide;8 (2) crimes against humanity, which include, inter alia, murder, enslavement, deportation or forcible transfer of population, imprisonment, torture, rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or \u201cany other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity\u201d, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against the civilian population;9 (3) war crimes, which similarly include sexual violence;10 and (4) the crime of aggression.11 The law governing international crimes is also developed further by other sources of international law (e.g., treaties12 and customary international law13 ).Separately, there have been a number of international criminal tribunals14 and \u2018hybrid\u2019 international tribunals15 addressing crimes committed in specific situations. These tribunals have contributed to the extensive development of substantive and procedural international criminal law.Recently, there have also been a number of initiatives to provide degrees of international support to domestic courts or tribunals that are established in States to try international law crimes.16 Various other transitional justice initiatives may also apply, depending on the context.The UN opposes the application of the death penalty, including with respect to persons convicted of international crimes. The UN also discourages the extradition or deportation of a person where there is genuine risk that the death penalty may be imposed unless credible and reliable assurances are obtained that the death penalty will not be sought or imposed and, if imposed, will not be carried out but commuted. The UN\u2019s own criminal tribunals, UN-assisted criminal tribunals and the ICC are not empowered to impose capital punishment on any convicted person, regardless of the seriousness of the crime(s) of which he or she has been convicted. UN investigative mechanisms mandated to share information with national courts and tribunals should only do so with jurisdictions that respect international human rights law and standards, including the right to a fair trial, and shall only do so for use in criminal proceedings in which capital punishment will not be sought, imposed or carried out.Accountability mechanisms, together with DDR processes, form part of the toolkit for advancing peace processes. However, there is often tension, whether real or perceived, between peace, on the one hand, and justice and accountability, on the other. A prominent example is the issuance of amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution in exchange for participation in DDR processes, which could hinder the achievement of justice-related aims.It is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). With regard to the issue of terrorist offences, see section 4.2.6.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":278, "Sentence":"These include any judicial or non-judicial mechanisms that may be established with respect to international crimes committed in the host State.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR include judicial nonjudicial mechanism may established respect international crime committed host state ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.4 Accountability mechanisms at the national and international levels", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In general, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes.DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability for international crimes. These include any judicial or non-judicial mechanisms that may be established with respect to international crimes committed in the host State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of local context.National courts usually have jurisdiction over all crimes committed within the State\u2019s territory, even when there are international criminal accountability mechanisms with complementary or concurrent jurisdiction over the same crimes.In terms of international criminal law, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) establishes individual and command responsibility under international law for (1) genocide;8 (2) crimes against humanity, which include, inter alia, murder, enslavement, deportation or forcible transfer of population, imprisonment, torture, rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or \u201cany other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity\u201d, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against the civilian population;9 (3) war crimes, which similarly include sexual violence;10 and (4) the crime of aggression.11 The law governing international crimes is also developed further by other sources of international law (e.g., treaties12 and customary international law13 ).Separately, there have been a number of international criminal tribunals14 and \u2018hybrid\u2019 international tribunals15 addressing crimes committed in specific situations. These tribunals have contributed to the extensive development of substantive and procedural international criminal law.Recently, there have also been a number of initiatives to provide degrees of international support to domestic courts or tribunals that are established in States to try international law crimes.16 Various other transitional justice initiatives may also apply, depending on the context.The UN opposes the application of the death penalty, including with respect to persons convicted of international crimes. The UN also discourages the extradition or deportation of a person where there is genuine risk that the death penalty may be imposed unless credible and reliable assurances are obtained that the death penalty will not be sought or imposed and, if imposed, will not be carried out but commuted. The UN\u2019s own criminal tribunals, UN-assisted criminal tribunals and the ICC are not empowered to impose capital punishment on any convicted person, regardless of the seriousness of the crime(s) of which he or she has been convicted. UN investigative mechanisms mandated to share information with national courts and tribunals should only do so with jurisdictions that respect international human rights law and standards, including the right to a fair trial, and shall only do so for use in criminal proceedings in which capital punishment will not be sought, imposed or carried out.Accountability mechanisms, together with DDR processes, form part of the toolkit for advancing peace processes. However, there is often tension, whether real or perceived, between peace, on the one hand, and justice and accountability, on the other. A prominent example is the issuance of amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution in exchange for participation in DDR processes, which could hinder the achievement of justice-related aims.It is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). With regard to the issue of terrorist offences, see section 4.2.6.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":278, "Sentence":"These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of local context.National courts usually have jurisdiction over all crimes committed within the State\u2019s territory, even when there are international criminal accountability mechanisms with complementary or concurrent jurisdiction over the same crimes.In terms of international criminal law, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) establishes individual and command responsibility under international law for (1) genocide;8 (2) crimes against humanity, which include, inter alia, murder, enslavement, deportation or forcible transfer of population, imprisonment, torture, rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or \u201cany other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity\u201d, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against the civilian population;9 (3) war crimes, which similarly include sexual violence;10 and (4) the crime of aggression.11 The law governing international crimes is also developed further by other sources of international law (e.g., treaties12 and customary international law13 ).Separately, there have been a number of international criminal tribunals14 and \u2018hybrid\u2019 international tribunals15 addressing crimes committed in specific situations.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR take various form depending specificity local context.national court usually jurisdiction crime committed within state \u2019 territory even international criminal accountability mechanism complementary concurrent jurisdiction crimes.in term international criminal law rome statute international criminal court icc establishes individual command responsibility international law 1 genocide8 2 crime humanity include inter alia murder enslavement deportation forcible transfer population imprisonment torture rape sexual slavery enforced prostitution forced pregnancy enforced sterilization \u201c form sexual violence comparable gravity \u201d committed part widespread systematic attack civilian population9 3 war crime similarly include sexual violence10 4 crime aggression.11 law governing international crime also developed source international law e.g . treaties12 customary international law13 .separately number international criminal tribunals14 \u2018 hybrid \u2019 international tribunals15 addressing crime committed specific situation ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.4 Accountability mechanisms at the national and international levels", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In general, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes.DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability for international crimes. These include any judicial or non-judicial mechanisms that may be established with respect to international crimes committed in the host State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of local context.National courts usually have jurisdiction over all crimes committed within the State\u2019s territory, even when there are international criminal accountability mechanisms with complementary or concurrent jurisdiction over the same crimes.In terms of international criminal law, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) establishes individual and command responsibility under international law for (1) genocide;8 (2) crimes against humanity, which include, inter alia, murder, enslavement, deportation or forcible transfer of population, imprisonment, torture, rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or \u201cany other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity\u201d, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against the civilian population;9 (3) war crimes, which similarly include sexual violence;10 and (4) the crime of aggression.11 The law governing international crimes is also developed further by other sources of international law (e.g., treaties12 and customary international law13 ).Separately, there have been a number of international criminal tribunals14 and \u2018hybrid\u2019 international tribunals15 addressing crimes committed in specific situations. These tribunals have contributed to the extensive development of substantive and procedural international criminal law.Recently, there have also been a number of initiatives to provide degrees of international support to domestic courts or tribunals that are established in States to try international law crimes.16 Various other transitional justice initiatives may also apply, depending on the context.The UN opposes the application of the death penalty, including with respect to persons convicted of international crimes. The UN also discourages the extradition or deportation of a person where there is genuine risk that the death penalty may be imposed unless credible and reliable assurances are obtained that the death penalty will not be sought or imposed and, if imposed, will not be carried out but commuted. The UN\u2019s own criminal tribunals, UN-assisted criminal tribunals and the ICC are not empowered to impose capital punishment on any convicted person, regardless of the seriousness of the crime(s) of which he or she has been convicted. UN investigative mechanisms mandated to share information with national courts and tribunals should only do so with jurisdictions that respect international human rights law and standards, including the right to a fair trial, and shall only do so for use in criminal proceedings in which capital punishment will not be sought, imposed or carried out.Accountability mechanisms, together with DDR processes, form part of the toolkit for advancing peace processes. However, there is often tension, whether real or perceived, between peace, on the one hand, and justice and accountability, on the other. A prominent example is the issuance of amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution in exchange for participation in DDR processes, which could hinder the achievement of justice-related aims.It is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). With regard to the issue of terrorist offences, see section 4.2.6.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":278, "Sentence":"These tribunals have contributed to the extensive development of substantive and procedural international criminal law.Recently, there have also been a number of initiatives to provide degrees of international support to domestic courts or tribunals that are established in States to try international law crimes.16 Various other transitional justice initiatives may also apply, depending on the context.The UN opposes the application of the death penalty, including with respect to persons convicted of international crimes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR tribunal contributed extensive development substantive procedural international criminal law.recently also number initiative provide degree international support domestic court tribunal established state try international law crimes.16 various transitional justice initiative may also apply depending context.the un opposes application death penalty including respect person convicted international crime ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.4 Accountability mechanisms at the national and international levels", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In general, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes.DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability for international crimes. These include any judicial or non-judicial mechanisms that may be established with respect to international crimes committed in the host State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of local context.National courts usually have jurisdiction over all crimes committed within the State\u2019s territory, even when there are international criminal accountability mechanisms with complementary or concurrent jurisdiction over the same crimes.In terms of international criminal law, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) establishes individual and command responsibility under international law for (1) genocide;8 (2) crimes against humanity, which include, inter alia, murder, enslavement, deportation or forcible transfer of population, imprisonment, torture, rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or \u201cany other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity\u201d, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against the civilian population;9 (3) war crimes, which similarly include sexual violence;10 and (4) the crime of aggression.11 The law governing international crimes is also developed further by other sources of international law (e.g., treaties12 and customary international law13 ).Separately, there have been a number of international criminal tribunals14 and \u2018hybrid\u2019 international tribunals15 addressing crimes committed in specific situations. These tribunals have contributed to the extensive development of substantive and procedural international criminal law.Recently, there have also been a number of initiatives to provide degrees of international support to domestic courts or tribunals that are established in States to try international law crimes.16 Various other transitional justice initiatives may also apply, depending on the context.The UN opposes the application of the death penalty, including with respect to persons convicted of international crimes. The UN also discourages the extradition or deportation of a person where there is genuine risk that the death penalty may be imposed unless credible and reliable assurances are obtained that the death penalty will not be sought or imposed and, if imposed, will not be carried out but commuted. The UN\u2019s own criminal tribunals, UN-assisted criminal tribunals and the ICC are not empowered to impose capital punishment on any convicted person, regardless of the seriousness of the crime(s) of which he or she has been convicted. UN investigative mechanisms mandated to share information with national courts and tribunals should only do so with jurisdictions that respect international human rights law and standards, including the right to a fair trial, and shall only do so for use in criminal proceedings in which capital punishment will not be sought, imposed or carried out.Accountability mechanisms, together with DDR processes, form part of the toolkit for advancing peace processes. However, there is often tension, whether real or perceived, between peace, on the one hand, and justice and accountability, on the other. A prominent example is the issuance of amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution in exchange for participation in DDR processes, which could hinder the achievement of justice-related aims.It is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). With regard to the issue of terrorist offences, see section 4.2.6.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":278, "Sentence":"The UN also discourages the extradition or deportation of a person where there is genuine risk that the death penalty may be imposed unless credible and reliable assurances are obtained that the death penalty will not be sought or imposed and, if imposed, will not be carried out but commuted.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR un also discourages extradition deportation person genuine risk death penalty may imposed unless credible reliable assurance obtained death penalty sought imposed imposed carried commuted ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.4 Accountability mechanisms at the national and international levels", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In general, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes.DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability for international crimes. These include any judicial or non-judicial mechanisms that may be established with respect to international crimes committed in the host State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of local context.National courts usually have jurisdiction over all crimes committed within the State\u2019s territory, even when there are international criminal accountability mechanisms with complementary or concurrent jurisdiction over the same crimes.In terms of international criminal law, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) establishes individual and command responsibility under international law for (1) genocide;8 (2) crimes against humanity, which include, inter alia, murder, enslavement, deportation or forcible transfer of population, imprisonment, torture, rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or \u201cany other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity\u201d, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against the civilian population;9 (3) war crimes, which similarly include sexual violence;10 and (4) the crime of aggression.11 The law governing international crimes is also developed further by other sources of international law (e.g., treaties12 and customary international law13 ).Separately, there have been a number of international criminal tribunals14 and \u2018hybrid\u2019 international tribunals15 addressing crimes committed in specific situations. These tribunals have contributed to the extensive development of substantive and procedural international criminal law.Recently, there have also been a number of initiatives to provide degrees of international support to domestic courts or tribunals that are established in States to try international law crimes.16 Various other transitional justice initiatives may also apply, depending on the context.The UN opposes the application of the death penalty, including with respect to persons convicted of international crimes. The UN also discourages the extradition or deportation of a person where there is genuine risk that the death penalty may be imposed unless credible and reliable assurances are obtained that the death penalty will not be sought or imposed and, if imposed, will not be carried out but commuted. The UN\u2019s own criminal tribunals, UN-assisted criminal tribunals and the ICC are not empowered to impose capital punishment on any convicted person, regardless of the seriousness of the crime(s) of which he or she has been convicted. UN investigative mechanisms mandated to share information with national courts and tribunals should only do so with jurisdictions that respect international human rights law and standards, including the right to a fair trial, and shall only do so for use in criminal proceedings in which capital punishment will not be sought, imposed or carried out.Accountability mechanisms, together with DDR processes, form part of the toolkit for advancing peace processes. However, there is often tension, whether real or perceived, between peace, on the one hand, and justice and accountability, on the other. A prominent example is the issuance of amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution in exchange for participation in DDR processes, which could hinder the achievement of justice-related aims.It is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). With regard to the issue of terrorist offences, see section 4.2.6.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":278, "Sentence":"The UN\u2019s own criminal tribunals, UN-assisted criminal tribunals and the ICC are not empowered to impose capital punishment on any convicted person, regardless of the seriousness of the crime(s) of which he or she has been convicted.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR un \u2019 criminal tribunal unassisted criminal tribunal icc empowered impose capital punishment convicted person regardless seriousness crime convicted ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.4 Accountability mechanisms at the national and international levels", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In general, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes.DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability for international crimes. These include any judicial or non-judicial mechanisms that may be established with respect to international crimes committed in the host State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of local context.National courts usually have jurisdiction over all crimes committed within the State\u2019s territory, even when there are international criminal accountability mechanisms with complementary or concurrent jurisdiction over the same crimes.In terms of international criminal law, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) establishes individual and command responsibility under international law for (1) genocide;8 (2) crimes against humanity, which include, inter alia, murder, enslavement, deportation or forcible transfer of population, imprisonment, torture, rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or \u201cany other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity\u201d, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against the civilian population;9 (3) war crimes, which similarly include sexual violence;10 and (4) the crime of aggression.11 The law governing international crimes is also developed further by other sources of international law (e.g., treaties12 and customary international law13 ).Separately, there have been a number of international criminal tribunals14 and \u2018hybrid\u2019 international tribunals15 addressing crimes committed in specific situations. These tribunals have contributed to the extensive development of substantive and procedural international criminal law.Recently, there have also been a number of initiatives to provide degrees of international support to domestic courts or tribunals that are established in States to try international law crimes.16 Various other transitional justice initiatives may also apply, depending on the context.The UN opposes the application of the death penalty, including with respect to persons convicted of international crimes. The UN also discourages the extradition or deportation of a person where there is genuine risk that the death penalty may be imposed unless credible and reliable assurances are obtained that the death penalty will not be sought or imposed and, if imposed, will not be carried out but commuted. The UN\u2019s own criminal tribunals, UN-assisted criminal tribunals and the ICC are not empowered to impose capital punishment on any convicted person, regardless of the seriousness of the crime(s) of which he or she has been convicted. UN investigative mechanisms mandated to share information with national courts and tribunals should only do so with jurisdictions that respect international human rights law and standards, including the right to a fair trial, and shall only do so for use in criminal proceedings in which capital punishment will not be sought, imposed or carried out.Accountability mechanisms, together with DDR processes, form part of the toolkit for advancing peace processes. However, there is often tension, whether real or perceived, between peace, on the one hand, and justice and accountability, on the other. A prominent example is the issuance of amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution in exchange for participation in DDR processes, which could hinder the achievement of justice-related aims.It is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). With regard to the issue of terrorist offences, see section 4.2.6.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":278, "Sentence":"UN investigative mechanisms mandated to share information with national courts and tribunals should only do so with jurisdictions that respect international human rights law and standards, including the right to a fair trial, and shall only do so for use in criminal proceedings in which capital punishment will not be sought, imposed or carried out.Accountability mechanisms, together with DDR processes, form part of the toolkit for advancing peace processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR un investigative mechanism mandated share information national court tribunal jurisdiction respect international human right law standard including right fair trial shall use criminal proceeding capital punishment sought imposed carried out.accountability mechanism together ddr process form part toolkit advancing peace process ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.4 Accountability mechanisms at the national and international levels", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In general, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes.DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability for international crimes. These include any judicial or non-judicial mechanisms that may be established with respect to international crimes committed in the host State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of local context.National courts usually have jurisdiction over all crimes committed within the State\u2019s territory, even when there are international criminal accountability mechanisms with complementary or concurrent jurisdiction over the same crimes.In terms of international criminal law, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) establishes individual and command responsibility under international law for (1) genocide;8 (2) crimes against humanity, which include, inter alia, murder, enslavement, deportation or forcible transfer of population, imprisonment, torture, rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or \u201cany other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity\u201d, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against the civilian population;9 (3) war crimes, which similarly include sexual violence;10 and (4) the crime of aggression.11 The law governing international crimes is also developed further by other sources of international law (e.g., treaties12 and customary international law13 ).Separately, there have been a number of international criminal tribunals14 and \u2018hybrid\u2019 international tribunals15 addressing crimes committed in specific situations. These tribunals have contributed to the extensive development of substantive and procedural international criminal law.Recently, there have also been a number of initiatives to provide degrees of international support to domestic courts or tribunals that are established in States to try international law crimes.16 Various other transitional justice initiatives may also apply, depending on the context.The UN opposes the application of the death penalty, including with respect to persons convicted of international crimes. The UN also discourages the extradition or deportation of a person where there is genuine risk that the death penalty may be imposed unless credible and reliable assurances are obtained that the death penalty will not be sought or imposed and, if imposed, will not be carried out but commuted. The UN\u2019s own criminal tribunals, UN-assisted criminal tribunals and the ICC are not empowered to impose capital punishment on any convicted person, regardless of the seriousness of the crime(s) of which he or she has been convicted. UN investigative mechanisms mandated to share information with national courts and tribunals should only do so with jurisdictions that respect international human rights law and standards, including the right to a fair trial, and shall only do so for use in criminal proceedings in which capital punishment will not be sought, imposed or carried out.Accountability mechanisms, together with DDR processes, form part of the toolkit for advancing peace processes. However, there is often tension, whether real or perceived, between peace, on the one hand, and justice and accountability, on the other. A prominent example is the issuance of amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution in exchange for participation in DDR processes, which could hinder the achievement of justice-related aims.It is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). With regard to the issue of terrorist offences, see section 4.2.6.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":278, "Sentence":"However, there is often tension, whether real or perceived, between peace, on the one hand, and justice and accountability, on the other.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR however often tension whether real perceived peace one hand justice accountability ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.4 Accountability mechanisms at the national and international levels", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In general, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes.DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability for international crimes. These include any judicial or non-judicial mechanisms that may be established with respect to international crimes committed in the host State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of local context.National courts usually have jurisdiction over all crimes committed within the State\u2019s territory, even when there are international criminal accountability mechanisms with complementary or concurrent jurisdiction over the same crimes.In terms of international criminal law, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) establishes individual and command responsibility under international law for (1) genocide;8 (2) crimes against humanity, which include, inter alia, murder, enslavement, deportation or forcible transfer of population, imprisonment, torture, rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or \u201cany other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity\u201d, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against the civilian population;9 (3) war crimes, which similarly include sexual violence;10 and (4) the crime of aggression.11 The law governing international crimes is also developed further by other sources of international law (e.g., treaties12 and customary international law13 ).Separately, there have been a number of international criminal tribunals14 and \u2018hybrid\u2019 international tribunals15 addressing crimes committed in specific situations. These tribunals have contributed to the extensive development of substantive and procedural international criminal law.Recently, there have also been a number of initiatives to provide degrees of international support to domestic courts or tribunals that are established in States to try international law crimes.16 Various other transitional justice initiatives may also apply, depending on the context.The UN opposes the application of the death penalty, including with respect to persons convicted of international crimes. The UN also discourages the extradition or deportation of a person where there is genuine risk that the death penalty may be imposed unless credible and reliable assurances are obtained that the death penalty will not be sought or imposed and, if imposed, will not be carried out but commuted. The UN\u2019s own criminal tribunals, UN-assisted criminal tribunals and the ICC are not empowered to impose capital punishment on any convicted person, regardless of the seriousness of the crime(s) of which he or she has been convicted. UN investigative mechanisms mandated to share information with national courts and tribunals should only do so with jurisdictions that respect international human rights law and standards, including the right to a fair trial, and shall only do so for use in criminal proceedings in which capital punishment will not be sought, imposed or carried out.Accountability mechanisms, together with DDR processes, form part of the toolkit for advancing peace processes. However, there is often tension, whether real or perceived, between peace, on the one hand, and justice and accountability, on the other. A prominent example is the issuance of amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution in exchange for participation in DDR processes, which could hinder the achievement of justice-related aims.It is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). With regard to the issue of terrorist offences, see section 4.2.6.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":278, "Sentence":"A prominent example is the issuance of amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution in exchange for participation in DDR processes, which could hinder the achievement of justice-related aims.It is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR prominent example issuance amnesty assurance nonprosecution exchange participation ddr process could hinder achievement justicerelated aims.it longestablished policy un endorse provision transitional justice process include amnesty genocide war crime crime humanity gross violation human right see iddrs 6.20 ddr transitional justice ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.4 Accountability mechanisms at the national and international levels", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In general, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes.DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability for international crimes. These include any judicial or non-judicial mechanisms that may be established with respect to international crimes committed in the host State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of local context.National courts usually have jurisdiction over all crimes committed within the State\u2019s territory, even when there are international criminal accountability mechanisms with complementary or concurrent jurisdiction over the same crimes.In terms of international criminal law, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) establishes individual and command responsibility under international law for (1) genocide;8 (2) crimes against humanity, which include, inter alia, murder, enslavement, deportation or forcible transfer of population, imprisonment, torture, rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or \u201cany other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity\u201d, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against the civilian population;9 (3) war crimes, which similarly include sexual violence;10 and (4) the crime of aggression.11 The law governing international crimes is also developed further by other sources of international law (e.g., treaties12 and customary international law13 ).Separately, there have been a number of international criminal tribunals14 and \u2018hybrid\u2019 international tribunals15 addressing crimes committed in specific situations. These tribunals have contributed to the extensive development of substantive and procedural international criminal law.Recently, there have also been a number of initiatives to provide degrees of international support to domestic courts or tribunals that are established in States to try international law crimes.16 Various other transitional justice initiatives may also apply, depending on the context.The UN opposes the application of the death penalty, including with respect to persons convicted of international crimes. The UN also discourages the extradition or deportation of a person where there is genuine risk that the death penalty may be imposed unless credible and reliable assurances are obtained that the death penalty will not be sought or imposed and, if imposed, will not be carried out but commuted. The UN\u2019s own criminal tribunals, UN-assisted criminal tribunals and the ICC are not empowered to impose capital punishment on any convicted person, regardless of the seriousness of the crime(s) of which he or she has been convicted. UN investigative mechanisms mandated to share information with national courts and tribunals should only do so with jurisdictions that respect international human rights law and standards, including the right to a fair trial, and shall only do so for use in criminal proceedings in which capital punishment will not be sought, imposed or carried out.Accountability mechanisms, together with DDR processes, form part of the toolkit for advancing peace processes. However, there is often tension, whether real or perceived, between peace, on the one hand, and justice and accountability, on the other. A prominent example is the issuance of amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution in exchange for participation in DDR processes, which could hinder the achievement of justice-related aims.It is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). With regard to the issue of terrorist offences, see section 4.2.6.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":278, "Sentence":"With regard to the issue of terrorist offences, see section 4.2.6.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR regard issue terrorist offence see section 4.2.6 ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.5 UN Security Council sanctions regimes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Security Council, in establishing a DDR mandate, may address the tension between transitional justice and DDR, by excluding combatants suspected of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or abuses of human rights from participation in DDR processes.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that it is the primary duty of States to prosecute those responsible for international crimes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of a parallel UN or national mandate, if any, for transitional justice in the State. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of ongoing international and\/or national accountability and\/or transitional justice mechanisms or processes. \\n When planning for and conducting DDR processes, DDR practitioners should consult with UN human rights, accountability and\/or transitional justice advisers to ensure coordination, where such mechanisms or processes exist. \\n DDR practitioners should incorporate screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes for adults to identify suspected perpetrators of international crimes and exclude them from DDR processes. Suspected perpetrators should be reported to the competent national authorities. Legal advice should be sought, if possible, beforehand. \\n If the potential DDR participant is under 18 years old, DDR practitioners should refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR for additional guidance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":279, "Sentence":"The Security Council, in establishing a DDR mandate, may address the tension between transitional justice and DDR, by excluding combatants suspected of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or abuses of human rights from participation in DDR processes.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that it is the primary duty of States to prosecute those responsible for international crimes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR security council establishing ddr mandate may address tension transitional justice ddr excluding combatant suspected genocide war crime crime humanity abuse human right participation ddr processes.specific guiding principle n ddr practitioner aware primary duty state prosecute responsible international crime ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.5 UN Security Council sanctions regimes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Security Council, in establishing a DDR mandate, may address the tension between transitional justice and DDR, by excluding combatants suspected of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or abuses of human rights from participation in DDR processes.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that it is the primary duty of States to prosecute those responsible for international crimes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of a parallel UN or national mandate, if any, for transitional justice in the State. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of ongoing international and\/or national accountability and\/or transitional justice mechanisms or processes. \\n When planning for and conducting DDR processes, DDR practitioners should consult with UN human rights, accountability and\/or transitional justice advisers to ensure coordination, where such mechanisms or processes exist. \\n DDR practitioners should incorporate screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes for adults to identify suspected perpetrators of international crimes and exclude them from DDR processes. Suspected perpetrators should be reported to the competent national authorities. Legal advice should be sought, if possible, beforehand. \\n If the potential DDR participant is under 18 years old, DDR practitioners should refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR for additional guidance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":279, "Sentence":"\\n DDR practitioners should be aware of a parallel UN or national mandate, if any, for transitional justice in the State.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n ddr practitioner aware parallel un national mandate transitional justice state ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.5 UN Security Council sanctions regimes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Security Council, in establishing a DDR mandate, may address the tension between transitional justice and DDR, by excluding combatants suspected of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or abuses of human rights from participation in DDR processes.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that it is the primary duty of States to prosecute those responsible for international crimes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of a parallel UN or national mandate, if any, for transitional justice in the State. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of ongoing international and\/or national accountability and\/or transitional justice mechanisms or processes. \\n When planning for and conducting DDR processes, DDR practitioners should consult with UN human rights, accountability and\/or transitional justice advisers to ensure coordination, where such mechanisms or processes exist. \\n DDR practitioners should incorporate screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes for adults to identify suspected perpetrators of international crimes and exclude them from DDR processes. Suspected perpetrators should be reported to the competent national authorities. Legal advice should be sought, if possible, beforehand. \\n If the potential DDR participant is under 18 years old, DDR practitioners should refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR for additional guidance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":279, "Sentence":"\\n DDR practitioners should be aware of ongoing international and\/or national accountability and\/or transitional justice mechanisms or processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n ddr practitioner aware ongoing international and\/or national accountability and\/or transitional justice mechanism process ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.5 UN Security Council sanctions regimes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Security Council, in establishing a DDR mandate, may address the tension between transitional justice and DDR, by excluding combatants suspected of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or abuses of human rights from participation in DDR processes.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that it is the primary duty of States to prosecute those responsible for international crimes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of a parallel UN or national mandate, if any, for transitional justice in the State. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of ongoing international and\/or national accountability and\/or transitional justice mechanisms or processes. \\n When planning for and conducting DDR processes, DDR practitioners should consult with UN human rights, accountability and\/or transitional justice advisers to ensure coordination, where such mechanisms or processes exist. \\n DDR practitioners should incorporate screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes for adults to identify suspected perpetrators of international crimes and exclude them from DDR processes. Suspected perpetrators should be reported to the competent national authorities. Legal advice should be sought, if possible, beforehand. \\n If the potential DDR participant is under 18 years old, DDR practitioners should refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR for additional guidance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":279, "Sentence":"\\n When planning for and conducting DDR processes, DDR practitioners should consult with UN human rights, accountability and\/or transitional justice advisers to ensure coordination, where such mechanisms or processes exist.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n planning conducting ddr process ddr practitioner consult un human right accountability and\/or transitional justice adviser ensure coordination mechanism process exist ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.5 UN Security Council sanctions regimes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Security Council, in establishing a DDR mandate, may address the tension between transitional justice and DDR, by excluding combatants suspected of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or abuses of human rights from participation in DDR processes.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that it is the primary duty of States to prosecute those responsible for international crimes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of a parallel UN or national mandate, if any, for transitional justice in the State. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of ongoing international and\/or national accountability and\/or transitional justice mechanisms or processes. \\n When planning for and conducting DDR processes, DDR practitioners should consult with UN human rights, accountability and\/or transitional justice advisers to ensure coordination, where such mechanisms or processes exist. \\n DDR practitioners should incorporate screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes for adults to identify suspected perpetrators of international crimes and exclude them from DDR processes. Suspected perpetrators should be reported to the competent national authorities. Legal advice should be sought, if possible, beforehand. \\n If the potential DDR participant is under 18 years old, DDR practitioners should refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR for additional guidance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":279, "Sentence":"\\n DDR practitioners should incorporate screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes for adults to identify suspected perpetrators of international crimes and exclude them from DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n ddr practitioner incorporate screening mechanism criterion ddr process adult identify suspected perpetrator international crime exclude ddr process ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.5 UN Security Council sanctions regimes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Security Council, in establishing a DDR mandate, may address the tension between transitional justice and DDR, by excluding combatants suspected of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or abuses of human rights from participation in DDR processes.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that it is the primary duty of States to prosecute those responsible for international crimes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of a parallel UN or national mandate, if any, for transitional justice in the State. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of ongoing international and\/or national accountability and\/or transitional justice mechanisms or processes. \\n When planning for and conducting DDR processes, DDR practitioners should consult with UN human rights, accountability and\/or transitional justice advisers to ensure coordination, where such mechanisms or processes exist. \\n DDR practitioners should incorporate screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes for adults to identify suspected perpetrators of international crimes and exclude them from DDR processes. Suspected perpetrators should be reported to the competent national authorities. Legal advice should be sought, if possible, beforehand. \\n If the potential DDR participant is under 18 years old, DDR practitioners should refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR for additional guidance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":279, "Sentence":"Suspected perpetrators should be reported to the competent national authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR suspected perpetrator reported competent national authority ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.5 UN Security Council sanctions regimes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Security Council, in establishing a DDR mandate, may address the tension between transitional justice and DDR, by excluding combatants suspected of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or abuses of human rights from participation in DDR processes.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that it is the primary duty of States to prosecute those responsible for international crimes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of a parallel UN or national mandate, if any, for transitional justice in the State. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of ongoing international and\/or national accountability and\/or transitional justice mechanisms or processes. \\n When planning for and conducting DDR processes, DDR practitioners should consult with UN human rights, accountability and\/or transitional justice advisers to ensure coordination, where such mechanisms or processes exist. \\n DDR practitioners should incorporate screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes for adults to identify suspected perpetrators of international crimes and exclude them from DDR processes. Suspected perpetrators should be reported to the competent national authorities. Legal advice should be sought, if possible, beforehand. \\n If the potential DDR participant is under 18 years old, DDR practitioners should refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR for additional guidance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":279, "Sentence":"Legal advice should be sought, if possible, beforehand.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR legal advice sought possible beforehand ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.5 UN Security Council sanctions regimes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Security Council, in establishing a DDR mandate, may address the tension between transitional justice and DDR, by excluding combatants suspected of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or abuses of human rights from participation in DDR processes.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that it is the primary duty of States to prosecute those responsible for international crimes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of a parallel UN or national mandate, if any, for transitional justice in the State. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of ongoing international and\/or national accountability and\/or transitional justice mechanisms or processes. \\n When planning for and conducting DDR processes, DDR practitioners should consult with UN human rights, accountability and\/or transitional justice advisers to ensure coordination, where such mechanisms or processes exist. \\n DDR practitioners should incorporate screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes for adults to identify suspected perpetrators of international crimes and exclude them from DDR processes. Suspected perpetrators should be reported to the competent national authorities. Legal advice should be sought, if possible, beforehand. \\n If the potential DDR participant is under 18 years old, DDR practitioners should refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR for additional guidance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":279, "Sentence":"\\n If the potential DDR participant is under 18 years old, DDR practitioners should refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR for additional guidance.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n potential ddr participant 18 year old ddr practitioner refer iddrs 5.20 child ddr iddrs 5.30 youth ddr additional guidance ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"i. The requirement \u2018to bring terrorists to justice\u2019", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The international counter-terrorism framework is comprised of relevant Security Council resolutions, as well as 19 international counter-terrorism instruments,18 which have been widely ratified by UN Member States. That framework must be implemented in compliance with other relevant international standards, particularly international humanitarian law, international refugee law and international human rights laUnder the Security Council resolutions, Member States are required, among other things, to: \\n Ensure that any person who participates in the preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice; \\n Ensure that such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts,19 including with respect to: \\n Financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or support of these acts and \\n Offences related to the travel of foreign terrorist fighters.20Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are also exhorted to establish criminal responsibility for: \\n Terrorist acts intended to destroy critical infrastructure21 and \\n Trafficking in persons by terrorist organizations and individuals.22While there is no universally agreed definition of terrorism, several of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments define certain terrorist acts and\/or offences with clarity and precision, including offences related to the financing of terrorism, the taking of hostages and terrorist bombing.23The Member State\u2019s obligation to \u2018bring terrorists to justice\u2019 is triggered and it shall consider whether a prosecution is warranted when there are reasonable grounds to believe that a group or individual has committed a terrorist offence set out in: \\n 1. A Security Council resolution or \\n 2. One of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments to which a Member State is a partyDDR practitioners should be aware of the fact that their host State has an international legal obligation to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism (that is, those that the Security Council has adopted in binding terms) and the international counter-terrorism instruments to which it is a party.Of particular relevance to the DDR practitioner is the fact that under Security Council resolutions, with respect to suspected terrorists (as defined above), Member States are further called upon to: \\n Develop and implement comprehensive and tailored prosecution, rehabilitation, and reintegration strategies and protocols, in line with their obligations under international law, including with respect to returning and relocating foreign terrorist fighters and their spouses and children who accompany them, and to address their suitability for rehabilitation.24There are two main scenarios where DDR processes and the international counter-terrorism legal framework may intersect: \\n 1. In addition to the traditional concerns with regard to screening out for prosecution persons suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide, the DDR practitioner, in advising and assisting a Member State, should also be aware of the Member State\u2019s obligations under the international counter-terrorism legal framework, and remind them of those obligations, if need be. Specific criteria, as appropriate and applicable to the context and Member States, should be incorporated into screening for DDR processes to identify and disqualify persons who have committed or are reasonably believed to have committed a terrorist act, or who are identified as clearly associated with a Security Council-designated terrorist organization. \\n 2. Although DDR programmes are not appropriate for persons associated with such organizations (see section below), lessons learned and programming experience from DDR programmes may be very relevant to the design, implementation and support to programmes to prosecute, rehabilitate and reintegrate these persons.As general guidance, for terrorist groups designated by the Security Council, Member States are required to develop prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration strategies. Terrorist suspects, including foreign terrorist fighters and their family members, and victims should be the subject of such strategies, which should be both tailored to specific categories and comprehensive.25 The initial step is to establish a clear and coherent screening process to determine the main profile of a person who is in the custody of authorities or under the responsibility of authorities, in order to recommend particular treatment, including further investigation or prosecution, or immediate entry into and participation in a rehabilitation and\/or reintegration programme. The criteria to be applied during the screening process shall comply with international human rights norms and standards and conform to other applicable regimes, such as international humanitarian law and the international counter-terrorism framework.Not all persons will be prosecuted as a result of this screening, but the screening process shall address the question of whether or not a person should be prosecuted. In this respect, the term \u2018screening\u2019 should be distinguished from usage in the context of a DDR programme, where screening refers to the process of ensuring that a person who met previously agreed eligibility criteria will be registered in the programme.Additional UN guidance with regard to the prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters can be found, inter alia, in the Madrid Guiding Principles and their December 2018 Addendum (S\/2018\/1177). The Madrid Guiding Principles were adopted by the Security Council (S\/2015\/939) in December 2015 with the aim of becoming a practical tool for use by Member States in their efforts to combat terrorism and to stem the flow of foreign terrorist fighters in accordance with resolution 2178 (2014)Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that the host State has legal obligations under Security Council resolutions and\/or international counter-terrorism instruments to ensure that terrorists are brought to justice. \\n DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes to identify suspected terrorists. \\n Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in DDR processes. Children associated with such groups should be treated in accordance with the standards set out in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":280, "Sentence":"The international counter-terrorism framework is comprised of relevant Security Council resolutions, as well as 19 international counter-terrorism instruments,18 which have been widely ratified by UN Member States.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR international counterterrorism framework comprised relevant security council resolution well 19 international counterterrorism instruments18 widely ratified un member state ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"i. The requirement \u2018to bring terrorists to justice\u2019", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The international counter-terrorism framework is comprised of relevant Security Council resolutions, as well as 19 international counter-terrorism instruments,18 which have been widely ratified by UN Member States. That framework must be implemented in compliance with other relevant international standards, particularly international humanitarian law, international refugee law and international human rights laUnder the Security Council resolutions, Member States are required, among other things, to: \\n Ensure that any person who participates in the preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice; \\n Ensure that such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts,19 including with respect to: \\n Financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or support of these acts and \\n Offences related to the travel of foreign terrorist fighters.20Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are also exhorted to establish criminal responsibility for: \\n Terrorist acts intended to destroy critical infrastructure21 and \\n Trafficking in persons by terrorist organizations and individuals.22While there is no universally agreed definition of terrorism, several of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments define certain terrorist acts and\/or offences with clarity and precision, including offences related to the financing of terrorism, the taking of hostages and terrorist bombing.23The Member State\u2019s obligation to \u2018bring terrorists to justice\u2019 is triggered and it shall consider whether a prosecution is warranted when there are reasonable grounds to believe that a group or individual has committed a terrorist offence set out in: \\n 1. A Security Council resolution or \\n 2. One of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments to which a Member State is a partyDDR practitioners should be aware of the fact that their host State has an international legal obligation to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism (that is, those that the Security Council has adopted in binding terms) and the international counter-terrorism instruments to which it is a party.Of particular relevance to the DDR practitioner is the fact that under Security Council resolutions, with respect to suspected terrorists (as defined above), Member States are further called upon to: \\n Develop and implement comprehensive and tailored prosecution, rehabilitation, and reintegration strategies and protocols, in line with their obligations under international law, including with respect to returning and relocating foreign terrorist fighters and their spouses and children who accompany them, and to address their suitability for rehabilitation.24There are two main scenarios where DDR processes and the international counter-terrorism legal framework may intersect: \\n 1. In addition to the traditional concerns with regard to screening out for prosecution persons suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide, the DDR practitioner, in advising and assisting a Member State, should also be aware of the Member State\u2019s obligations under the international counter-terrorism legal framework, and remind them of those obligations, if need be. Specific criteria, as appropriate and applicable to the context and Member States, should be incorporated into screening for DDR processes to identify and disqualify persons who have committed or are reasonably believed to have committed a terrorist act, or who are identified as clearly associated with a Security Council-designated terrorist organization. \\n 2. Although DDR programmes are not appropriate for persons associated with such organizations (see section below), lessons learned and programming experience from DDR programmes may be very relevant to the design, implementation and support to programmes to prosecute, rehabilitate and reintegrate these persons.As general guidance, for terrorist groups designated by the Security Council, Member States are required to develop prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration strategies. Terrorist suspects, including foreign terrorist fighters and their family members, and victims should be the subject of such strategies, which should be both tailored to specific categories and comprehensive.25 The initial step is to establish a clear and coherent screening process to determine the main profile of a person who is in the custody of authorities or under the responsibility of authorities, in order to recommend particular treatment, including further investigation or prosecution, or immediate entry into and participation in a rehabilitation and\/or reintegration programme. The criteria to be applied during the screening process shall comply with international human rights norms and standards and conform to other applicable regimes, such as international humanitarian law and the international counter-terrorism framework.Not all persons will be prosecuted as a result of this screening, but the screening process shall address the question of whether or not a person should be prosecuted. In this respect, the term \u2018screening\u2019 should be distinguished from usage in the context of a DDR programme, where screening refers to the process of ensuring that a person who met previously agreed eligibility criteria will be registered in the programme.Additional UN guidance with regard to the prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters can be found, inter alia, in the Madrid Guiding Principles and their December 2018 Addendum (S\/2018\/1177). The Madrid Guiding Principles were adopted by the Security Council (S\/2015\/939) in December 2015 with the aim of becoming a practical tool for use by Member States in their efforts to combat terrorism and to stem the flow of foreign terrorist fighters in accordance with resolution 2178 (2014)Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that the host State has legal obligations under Security Council resolutions and\/or international counter-terrorism instruments to ensure that terrorists are brought to justice. \\n DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes to identify suspected terrorists. \\n Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in DDR processes. Children associated with such groups should be treated in accordance with the standards set out in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":280, "Sentence":"That framework must be implemented in compliance with other relevant international standards, particularly international humanitarian law, international refugee law and international human rights laUnder the Security Council resolutions, Member States are required, among other things, to: \\n Ensure that any person who participates in the preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice; \\n Ensure that such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts,19 including with respect to: \\n Financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or support of these acts and \\n Offences related to the travel of foreign terrorist fighters.20Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are also exhorted to establish criminal responsibility for: \\n Terrorist acts intended to destroy critical infrastructure21 and \\n Trafficking in persons by terrorist organizations and individuals.22While there is no universally agreed definition of terrorism, several of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments define certain terrorist acts and\/or offences with clarity and precision, including offences related to the financing of terrorism, the taking of hostages and terrorist bombing.23The Member State\u2019s obligation to \u2018bring terrorists to justice\u2019 is triggered and it shall consider whether a prosecution is warranted when there are reasonable grounds to believe that a group or individual has committed a terrorist offence set out in: \\n 1.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR framework must implemented compliance relevant international standard particularly international humanitarian law international refugee law international human right launder security council resolution member state required among thing n ensure person participates preparation perpetration terrorist act supporting terrorist act brought justice n ensure terrorist act established serious criminal offence domestic law regulation punishment duly reflects seriousness terrorist acts19 including respect n financing planning preparation perpetration terrorist act support act n offence related travel foreign terrorist fighters.20under security council resolution member state also exhorted establish criminal responsibility n terrorist act intended destroy critical infrastructure21 n trafficking person terrorist organization individuals.22while universally agreed definition terrorism several 19 international counterterrorism instrument define certain terrorist act and\/or offence clarity precision including offence related financing terrorism taking hostage terrorist bombing.23the member state \u2019 obligation \u2018 bring terrorist justice \u2019 triggered shall consider whether prosecution warranted reasonable ground believe group individual committed terrorist offence set n 1 ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"i. The requirement \u2018to bring terrorists to justice\u2019", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The international counter-terrorism framework is comprised of relevant Security Council resolutions, as well as 19 international counter-terrorism instruments,18 which have been widely ratified by UN Member States. That framework must be implemented in compliance with other relevant international standards, particularly international humanitarian law, international refugee law and international human rights laUnder the Security Council resolutions, Member States are required, among other things, to: \\n Ensure that any person who participates in the preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice; \\n Ensure that such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts,19 including with respect to: \\n Financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or support of these acts and \\n Offences related to the travel of foreign terrorist fighters.20Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are also exhorted to establish criminal responsibility for: \\n Terrorist acts intended to destroy critical infrastructure21 and \\n Trafficking in persons by terrorist organizations and individuals.22While there is no universally agreed definition of terrorism, several of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments define certain terrorist acts and\/or offences with clarity and precision, including offences related to the financing of terrorism, the taking of hostages and terrorist bombing.23The Member State\u2019s obligation to \u2018bring terrorists to justice\u2019 is triggered and it shall consider whether a prosecution is warranted when there are reasonable grounds to believe that a group or individual has committed a terrorist offence set out in: \\n 1. A Security Council resolution or \\n 2. One of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments to which a Member State is a partyDDR practitioners should be aware of the fact that their host State has an international legal obligation to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism (that is, those that the Security Council has adopted in binding terms) and the international counter-terrorism instruments to which it is a party.Of particular relevance to the DDR practitioner is the fact that under Security Council resolutions, with respect to suspected terrorists (as defined above), Member States are further called upon to: \\n Develop and implement comprehensive and tailored prosecution, rehabilitation, and reintegration strategies and protocols, in line with their obligations under international law, including with respect to returning and relocating foreign terrorist fighters and their spouses and children who accompany them, and to address their suitability for rehabilitation.24There are two main scenarios where DDR processes and the international counter-terrorism legal framework may intersect: \\n 1. In addition to the traditional concerns with regard to screening out for prosecution persons suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide, the DDR practitioner, in advising and assisting a Member State, should also be aware of the Member State\u2019s obligations under the international counter-terrorism legal framework, and remind them of those obligations, if need be. Specific criteria, as appropriate and applicable to the context and Member States, should be incorporated into screening for DDR processes to identify and disqualify persons who have committed or are reasonably believed to have committed a terrorist act, or who are identified as clearly associated with a Security Council-designated terrorist organization. \\n 2. Although DDR programmes are not appropriate for persons associated with such organizations (see section below), lessons learned and programming experience from DDR programmes may be very relevant to the design, implementation and support to programmes to prosecute, rehabilitate and reintegrate these persons.As general guidance, for terrorist groups designated by the Security Council, Member States are required to develop prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration strategies. Terrorist suspects, including foreign terrorist fighters and their family members, and victims should be the subject of such strategies, which should be both tailored to specific categories and comprehensive.25 The initial step is to establish a clear and coherent screening process to determine the main profile of a person who is in the custody of authorities or under the responsibility of authorities, in order to recommend particular treatment, including further investigation or prosecution, or immediate entry into and participation in a rehabilitation and\/or reintegration programme. The criteria to be applied during the screening process shall comply with international human rights norms and standards and conform to other applicable regimes, such as international humanitarian law and the international counter-terrorism framework.Not all persons will be prosecuted as a result of this screening, but the screening process shall address the question of whether or not a person should be prosecuted. In this respect, the term \u2018screening\u2019 should be distinguished from usage in the context of a DDR programme, where screening refers to the process of ensuring that a person who met previously agreed eligibility criteria will be registered in the programme.Additional UN guidance with regard to the prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters can be found, inter alia, in the Madrid Guiding Principles and their December 2018 Addendum (S\/2018\/1177). The Madrid Guiding Principles were adopted by the Security Council (S\/2015\/939) in December 2015 with the aim of becoming a practical tool for use by Member States in their efforts to combat terrorism and to stem the flow of foreign terrorist fighters in accordance with resolution 2178 (2014)Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that the host State has legal obligations under Security Council resolutions and\/or international counter-terrorism instruments to ensure that terrorists are brought to justice. \\n DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes to identify suspected terrorists. \\n Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in DDR processes. Children associated with such groups should be treated in accordance with the standards set out in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":280, "Sentence":"A Security Council resolution or \\n 2.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR security council resolution n 2 ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"i. The requirement \u2018to bring terrorists to justice\u2019", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The international counter-terrorism framework is comprised of relevant Security Council resolutions, as well as 19 international counter-terrorism instruments,18 which have been widely ratified by UN Member States. That framework must be implemented in compliance with other relevant international standards, particularly international humanitarian law, international refugee law and international human rights laUnder the Security Council resolutions, Member States are required, among other things, to: \\n Ensure that any person who participates in the preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice; \\n Ensure that such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts,19 including with respect to: \\n Financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or support of these acts and \\n Offences related to the travel of foreign terrorist fighters.20Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are also exhorted to establish criminal responsibility for: \\n Terrorist acts intended to destroy critical infrastructure21 and \\n Trafficking in persons by terrorist organizations and individuals.22While there is no universally agreed definition of terrorism, several of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments define certain terrorist acts and\/or offences with clarity and precision, including offences related to the financing of terrorism, the taking of hostages and terrorist bombing.23The Member State\u2019s obligation to \u2018bring terrorists to justice\u2019 is triggered and it shall consider whether a prosecution is warranted when there are reasonable grounds to believe that a group or individual has committed a terrorist offence set out in: \\n 1. A Security Council resolution or \\n 2. One of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments to which a Member State is a partyDDR practitioners should be aware of the fact that their host State has an international legal obligation to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism (that is, those that the Security Council has adopted in binding terms) and the international counter-terrorism instruments to which it is a party.Of particular relevance to the DDR practitioner is the fact that under Security Council resolutions, with respect to suspected terrorists (as defined above), Member States are further called upon to: \\n Develop and implement comprehensive and tailored prosecution, rehabilitation, and reintegration strategies and protocols, in line with their obligations under international law, including with respect to returning and relocating foreign terrorist fighters and their spouses and children who accompany them, and to address their suitability for rehabilitation.24There are two main scenarios where DDR processes and the international counter-terrorism legal framework may intersect: \\n 1. In addition to the traditional concerns with regard to screening out for prosecution persons suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide, the DDR practitioner, in advising and assisting a Member State, should also be aware of the Member State\u2019s obligations under the international counter-terrorism legal framework, and remind them of those obligations, if need be. Specific criteria, as appropriate and applicable to the context and Member States, should be incorporated into screening for DDR processes to identify and disqualify persons who have committed or are reasonably believed to have committed a terrorist act, or who are identified as clearly associated with a Security Council-designated terrorist organization. \\n 2. Although DDR programmes are not appropriate for persons associated with such organizations (see section below), lessons learned and programming experience from DDR programmes may be very relevant to the design, implementation and support to programmes to prosecute, rehabilitate and reintegrate these persons.As general guidance, for terrorist groups designated by the Security Council, Member States are required to develop prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration strategies. Terrorist suspects, including foreign terrorist fighters and their family members, and victims should be the subject of such strategies, which should be both tailored to specific categories and comprehensive.25 The initial step is to establish a clear and coherent screening process to determine the main profile of a person who is in the custody of authorities or under the responsibility of authorities, in order to recommend particular treatment, including further investigation or prosecution, or immediate entry into and participation in a rehabilitation and\/or reintegration programme. The criteria to be applied during the screening process shall comply with international human rights norms and standards and conform to other applicable regimes, such as international humanitarian law and the international counter-terrorism framework.Not all persons will be prosecuted as a result of this screening, but the screening process shall address the question of whether or not a person should be prosecuted. In this respect, the term \u2018screening\u2019 should be distinguished from usage in the context of a DDR programme, where screening refers to the process of ensuring that a person who met previously agreed eligibility criteria will be registered in the programme.Additional UN guidance with regard to the prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters can be found, inter alia, in the Madrid Guiding Principles and their December 2018 Addendum (S\/2018\/1177). The Madrid Guiding Principles were adopted by the Security Council (S\/2015\/939) in December 2015 with the aim of becoming a practical tool for use by Member States in their efforts to combat terrorism and to stem the flow of foreign terrorist fighters in accordance with resolution 2178 (2014)Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that the host State has legal obligations under Security Council resolutions and\/or international counter-terrorism instruments to ensure that terrorists are brought to justice. \\n DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes to identify suspected terrorists. \\n Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in DDR processes. Children associated with such groups should be treated in accordance with the standards set out in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":280, "Sentence":"One of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments to which a Member State is a partyDDR practitioners should be aware of the fact that their host State has an international legal obligation to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism (that is, those that the Security Council has adopted in binding terms) and the international counter-terrorism instruments to which it is a party.Of particular relevance to the DDR practitioner is the fact that under Security Council resolutions, with respect to suspected terrorists (as defined above), Member States are further called upon to: \\n Develop and implement comprehensive and tailored prosecution, rehabilitation, and reintegration strategies and protocols, in line with their obligations under international law, including with respect to returning and relocating foreign terrorist fighters and their spouses and children who accompany them, and to address their suitability for rehabilitation.24There are two main scenarios where DDR processes and the international counter-terrorism legal framework may intersect: \\n 1.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR one 19 international counterterrorism instrument member state partyddr practitioner aware fact host state international legal obligation comply relevant security council resolution counterterrorism security council adopted binding term international counterterrorism instrument party.of particular relevance ddr practitioner fact security council resolution respect suspected terrorist defined member state called upon n develop implement comprehensive tailored prosecution rehabilitation reintegration strategy protocol line obligation international law including respect returning relocating foreign terrorist fighter spouse child accompany address suitability rehabilitation.24there two main scenario ddr process international counterterrorism legal framework may intersect n 1 ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"i. The requirement \u2018to bring terrorists to justice\u2019", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The international counter-terrorism framework is comprised of relevant Security Council resolutions, as well as 19 international counter-terrorism instruments,18 which have been widely ratified by UN Member States. That framework must be implemented in compliance with other relevant international standards, particularly international humanitarian law, international refugee law and international human rights laUnder the Security Council resolutions, Member States are required, among other things, to: \\n Ensure that any person who participates in the preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice; \\n Ensure that such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts,19 including with respect to: \\n Financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or support of these acts and \\n Offences related to the travel of foreign terrorist fighters.20Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are also exhorted to establish criminal responsibility for: \\n Terrorist acts intended to destroy critical infrastructure21 and \\n Trafficking in persons by terrorist organizations and individuals.22While there is no universally agreed definition of terrorism, several of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments define certain terrorist acts and\/or offences with clarity and precision, including offences related to the financing of terrorism, the taking of hostages and terrorist bombing.23The Member State\u2019s obligation to \u2018bring terrorists to justice\u2019 is triggered and it shall consider whether a prosecution is warranted when there are reasonable grounds to believe that a group or individual has committed a terrorist offence set out in: \\n 1. A Security Council resolution or \\n 2. One of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments to which a Member State is a partyDDR practitioners should be aware of the fact that their host State has an international legal obligation to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism (that is, those that the Security Council has adopted in binding terms) and the international counter-terrorism instruments to which it is a party.Of particular relevance to the DDR practitioner is the fact that under Security Council resolutions, with respect to suspected terrorists (as defined above), Member States are further called upon to: \\n Develop and implement comprehensive and tailored prosecution, rehabilitation, and reintegration strategies and protocols, in line with their obligations under international law, including with respect to returning and relocating foreign terrorist fighters and their spouses and children who accompany them, and to address their suitability for rehabilitation.24There are two main scenarios where DDR processes and the international counter-terrorism legal framework may intersect: \\n 1. In addition to the traditional concerns with regard to screening out for prosecution persons suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide, the DDR practitioner, in advising and assisting a Member State, should also be aware of the Member State\u2019s obligations under the international counter-terrorism legal framework, and remind them of those obligations, if need be. Specific criteria, as appropriate and applicable to the context and Member States, should be incorporated into screening for DDR processes to identify and disqualify persons who have committed or are reasonably believed to have committed a terrorist act, or who are identified as clearly associated with a Security Council-designated terrorist organization. \\n 2. Although DDR programmes are not appropriate for persons associated with such organizations (see section below), lessons learned and programming experience from DDR programmes may be very relevant to the design, implementation and support to programmes to prosecute, rehabilitate and reintegrate these persons.As general guidance, for terrorist groups designated by the Security Council, Member States are required to develop prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration strategies. Terrorist suspects, including foreign terrorist fighters and their family members, and victims should be the subject of such strategies, which should be both tailored to specific categories and comprehensive.25 The initial step is to establish a clear and coherent screening process to determine the main profile of a person who is in the custody of authorities or under the responsibility of authorities, in order to recommend particular treatment, including further investigation or prosecution, or immediate entry into and participation in a rehabilitation and\/or reintegration programme. The criteria to be applied during the screening process shall comply with international human rights norms and standards and conform to other applicable regimes, such as international humanitarian law and the international counter-terrorism framework.Not all persons will be prosecuted as a result of this screening, but the screening process shall address the question of whether or not a person should be prosecuted. In this respect, the term \u2018screening\u2019 should be distinguished from usage in the context of a DDR programme, where screening refers to the process of ensuring that a person who met previously agreed eligibility criteria will be registered in the programme.Additional UN guidance with regard to the prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters can be found, inter alia, in the Madrid Guiding Principles and their December 2018 Addendum (S\/2018\/1177). The Madrid Guiding Principles were adopted by the Security Council (S\/2015\/939) in December 2015 with the aim of becoming a practical tool for use by Member States in their efforts to combat terrorism and to stem the flow of foreign terrorist fighters in accordance with resolution 2178 (2014)Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that the host State has legal obligations under Security Council resolutions and\/or international counter-terrorism instruments to ensure that terrorists are brought to justice. \\n DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes to identify suspected terrorists. \\n Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in DDR processes. Children associated with such groups should be treated in accordance with the standards set out in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":280, "Sentence":"In addition to the traditional concerns with regard to screening out for prosecution persons suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide, the DDR practitioner, in advising and assisting a Member State, should also be aware of the Member State\u2019s obligations under the international counter-terrorism legal framework, and remind them of those obligations, if need be.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR addition traditional concern regard screening prosecution person suspected war crime crime humanity genocide ddr practitioner advising assisting member state also aware member state \u2019 obligation international counterterrorism legal framework remind obligation need ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"i. The requirement \u2018to bring terrorists to justice\u2019", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The international counter-terrorism framework is comprised of relevant Security Council resolutions, as well as 19 international counter-terrorism instruments,18 which have been widely ratified by UN Member States. That framework must be implemented in compliance with other relevant international standards, particularly international humanitarian law, international refugee law and international human rights laUnder the Security Council resolutions, Member States are required, among other things, to: \\n Ensure that any person who participates in the preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice; \\n Ensure that such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts,19 including with respect to: \\n Financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or support of these acts and \\n Offences related to the travel of foreign terrorist fighters.20Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are also exhorted to establish criminal responsibility for: \\n Terrorist acts intended to destroy critical infrastructure21 and \\n Trafficking in persons by terrorist organizations and individuals.22While there is no universally agreed definition of terrorism, several of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments define certain terrorist acts and\/or offences with clarity and precision, including offences related to the financing of terrorism, the taking of hostages and terrorist bombing.23The Member State\u2019s obligation to \u2018bring terrorists to justice\u2019 is triggered and it shall consider whether a prosecution is warranted when there are reasonable grounds to believe that a group or individual has committed a terrorist offence set out in: \\n 1. A Security Council resolution or \\n 2. One of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments to which a Member State is a partyDDR practitioners should be aware of the fact that their host State has an international legal obligation to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism (that is, those that the Security Council has adopted in binding terms) and the international counter-terrorism instruments to which it is a party.Of particular relevance to the DDR practitioner is the fact that under Security Council resolutions, with respect to suspected terrorists (as defined above), Member States are further called upon to: \\n Develop and implement comprehensive and tailored prosecution, rehabilitation, and reintegration strategies and protocols, in line with their obligations under international law, including with respect to returning and relocating foreign terrorist fighters and their spouses and children who accompany them, and to address their suitability for rehabilitation.24There are two main scenarios where DDR processes and the international counter-terrorism legal framework may intersect: \\n 1. In addition to the traditional concerns with regard to screening out for prosecution persons suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide, the DDR practitioner, in advising and assisting a Member State, should also be aware of the Member State\u2019s obligations under the international counter-terrorism legal framework, and remind them of those obligations, if need be. Specific criteria, as appropriate and applicable to the context and Member States, should be incorporated into screening for DDR processes to identify and disqualify persons who have committed or are reasonably believed to have committed a terrorist act, or who are identified as clearly associated with a Security Council-designated terrorist organization. \\n 2. Although DDR programmes are not appropriate for persons associated with such organizations (see section below), lessons learned and programming experience from DDR programmes may be very relevant to the design, implementation and support to programmes to prosecute, rehabilitate and reintegrate these persons.As general guidance, for terrorist groups designated by the Security Council, Member States are required to develop prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration strategies. Terrorist suspects, including foreign terrorist fighters and their family members, and victims should be the subject of such strategies, which should be both tailored to specific categories and comprehensive.25 The initial step is to establish a clear and coherent screening process to determine the main profile of a person who is in the custody of authorities or under the responsibility of authorities, in order to recommend particular treatment, including further investigation or prosecution, or immediate entry into and participation in a rehabilitation and\/or reintegration programme. The criteria to be applied during the screening process shall comply with international human rights norms and standards and conform to other applicable regimes, such as international humanitarian law and the international counter-terrorism framework.Not all persons will be prosecuted as a result of this screening, but the screening process shall address the question of whether or not a person should be prosecuted. In this respect, the term \u2018screening\u2019 should be distinguished from usage in the context of a DDR programme, where screening refers to the process of ensuring that a person who met previously agreed eligibility criteria will be registered in the programme.Additional UN guidance with regard to the prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters can be found, inter alia, in the Madrid Guiding Principles and their December 2018 Addendum (S\/2018\/1177). The Madrid Guiding Principles were adopted by the Security Council (S\/2015\/939) in December 2015 with the aim of becoming a practical tool for use by Member States in their efforts to combat terrorism and to stem the flow of foreign terrorist fighters in accordance with resolution 2178 (2014)Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that the host State has legal obligations under Security Council resolutions and\/or international counter-terrorism instruments to ensure that terrorists are brought to justice. \\n DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes to identify suspected terrorists. \\n Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in DDR processes. Children associated with such groups should be treated in accordance with the standards set out in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":280, "Sentence":"Specific criteria, as appropriate and applicable to the context and Member States, should be incorporated into screening for DDR processes to identify and disqualify persons who have committed or are reasonably believed to have committed a terrorist act, or who are identified as clearly associated with a Security Council-designated terrorist organization.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR specific criterion appropriate applicable context member state incorporated screening ddr process identify disqualify person committed reasonably believed committed terrorist act identified clearly associated security councildesignated terrorist organization ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"i. The requirement \u2018to bring terrorists to justice\u2019", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The international counter-terrorism framework is comprised of relevant Security Council resolutions, as well as 19 international counter-terrorism instruments,18 which have been widely ratified by UN Member States. That framework must be implemented in compliance with other relevant international standards, particularly international humanitarian law, international refugee law and international human rights laUnder the Security Council resolutions, Member States are required, among other things, to: \\n Ensure that any person who participates in the preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice; \\n Ensure that such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts,19 including with respect to: \\n Financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or support of these acts and \\n Offences related to the travel of foreign terrorist fighters.20Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are also exhorted to establish criminal responsibility for: \\n Terrorist acts intended to destroy critical infrastructure21 and \\n Trafficking in persons by terrorist organizations and individuals.22While there is no universally agreed definition of terrorism, several of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments define certain terrorist acts and\/or offences with clarity and precision, including offences related to the financing of terrorism, the taking of hostages and terrorist bombing.23The Member State\u2019s obligation to \u2018bring terrorists to justice\u2019 is triggered and it shall consider whether a prosecution is warranted when there are reasonable grounds to believe that a group or individual has committed a terrorist offence set out in: \\n 1. A Security Council resolution or \\n 2. One of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments to which a Member State is a partyDDR practitioners should be aware of the fact that their host State has an international legal obligation to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism (that is, those that the Security Council has adopted in binding terms) and the international counter-terrorism instruments to which it is a party.Of particular relevance to the DDR practitioner is the fact that under Security Council resolutions, with respect to suspected terrorists (as defined above), Member States are further called upon to: \\n Develop and implement comprehensive and tailored prosecution, rehabilitation, and reintegration strategies and protocols, in line with their obligations under international law, including with respect to returning and relocating foreign terrorist fighters and their spouses and children who accompany them, and to address their suitability for rehabilitation.24There are two main scenarios where DDR processes and the international counter-terrorism legal framework may intersect: \\n 1. In addition to the traditional concerns with regard to screening out for prosecution persons suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide, the DDR practitioner, in advising and assisting a Member State, should also be aware of the Member State\u2019s obligations under the international counter-terrorism legal framework, and remind them of those obligations, if need be. Specific criteria, as appropriate and applicable to the context and Member States, should be incorporated into screening for DDR processes to identify and disqualify persons who have committed or are reasonably believed to have committed a terrorist act, or who are identified as clearly associated with a Security Council-designated terrorist organization. \\n 2. Although DDR programmes are not appropriate for persons associated with such organizations (see section below), lessons learned and programming experience from DDR programmes may be very relevant to the design, implementation and support to programmes to prosecute, rehabilitate and reintegrate these persons.As general guidance, for terrorist groups designated by the Security Council, Member States are required to develop prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration strategies. Terrorist suspects, including foreign terrorist fighters and their family members, and victims should be the subject of such strategies, which should be both tailored to specific categories and comprehensive.25 The initial step is to establish a clear and coherent screening process to determine the main profile of a person who is in the custody of authorities or under the responsibility of authorities, in order to recommend particular treatment, including further investigation or prosecution, or immediate entry into and participation in a rehabilitation and\/or reintegration programme. The criteria to be applied during the screening process shall comply with international human rights norms and standards and conform to other applicable regimes, such as international humanitarian law and the international counter-terrorism framework.Not all persons will be prosecuted as a result of this screening, but the screening process shall address the question of whether or not a person should be prosecuted. In this respect, the term \u2018screening\u2019 should be distinguished from usage in the context of a DDR programme, where screening refers to the process of ensuring that a person who met previously agreed eligibility criteria will be registered in the programme.Additional UN guidance with regard to the prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters can be found, inter alia, in the Madrid Guiding Principles and their December 2018 Addendum (S\/2018\/1177). The Madrid Guiding Principles were adopted by the Security Council (S\/2015\/939) in December 2015 with the aim of becoming a practical tool for use by Member States in their efforts to combat terrorism and to stem the flow of foreign terrorist fighters in accordance with resolution 2178 (2014)Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that the host State has legal obligations under Security Council resolutions and\/or international counter-terrorism instruments to ensure that terrorists are brought to justice. \\n DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes to identify suspected terrorists. \\n Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in DDR processes. Children associated with such groups should be treated in accordance with the standards set out in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":280, "Sentence":"\\n 2.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n 2 ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"i. The requirement \u2018to bring terrorists to justice\u2019", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The international counter-terrorism framework is comprised of relevant Security Council resolutions, as well as 19 international counter-terrorism instruments,18 which have been widely ratified by UN Member States. That framework must be implemented in compliance with other relevant international standards, particularly international humanitarian law, international refugee law and international human rights laUnder the Security Council resolutions, Member States are required, among other things, to: \\n Ensure that any person who participates in the preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice; \\n Ensure that such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts,19 including with respect to: \\n Financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or support of these acts and \\n Offences related to the travel of foreign terrorist fighters.20Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are also exhorted to establish criminal responsibility for: \\n Terrorist acts intended to destroy critical infrastructure21 and \\n Trafficking in persons by terrorist organizations and individuals.22While there is no universally agreed definition of terrorism, several of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments define certain terrorist acts and\/or offences with clarity and precision, including offences related to the financing of terrorism, the taking of hostages and terrorist bombing.23The Member State\u2019s obligation to \u2018bring terrorists to justice\u2019 is triggered and it shall consider whether a prosecution is warranted when there are reasonable grounds to believe that a group or individual has committed a terrorist offence set out in: \\n 1. A Security Council resolution or \\n 2. One of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments to which a Member State is a partyDDR practitioners should be aware of the fact that their host State has an international legal obligation to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism (that is, those that the Security Council has adopted in binding terms) and the international counter-terrorism instruments to which it is a party.Of particular relevance to the DDR practitioner is the fact that under Security Council resolutions, with respect to suspected terrorists (as defined above), Member States are further called upon to: \\n Develop and implement comprehensive and tailored prosecution, rehabilitation, and reintegration strategies and protocols, in line with their obligations under international law, including with respect to returning and relocating foreign terrorist fighters and their spouses and children who accompany them, and to address their suitability for rehabilitation.24There are two main scenarios where DDR processes and the international counter-terrorism legal framework may intersect: \\n 1. In addition to the traditional concerns with regard to screening out for prosecution persons suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide, the DDR practitioner, in advising and assisting a Member State, should also be aware of the Member State\u2019s obligations under the international counter-terrorism legal framework, and remind them of those obligations, if need be. Specific criteria, as appropriate and applicable to the context and Member States, should be incorporated into screening for DDR processes to identify and disqualify persons who have committed or are reasonably believed to have committed a terrorist act, or who are identified as clearly associated with a Security Council-designated terrorist organization. \\n 2. Although DDR programmes are not appropriate for persons associated with such organizations (see section below), lessons learned and programming experience from DDR programmes may be very relevant to the design, implementation and support to programmes to prosecute, rehabilitate and reintegrate these persons.As general guidance, for terrorist groups designated by the Security Council, Member States are required to develop prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration strategies. Terrorist suspects, including foreign terrorist fighters and their family members, and victims should be the subject of such strategies, which should be both tailored to specific categories and comprehensive.25 The initial step is to establish a clear and coherent screening process to determine the main profile of a person who is in the custody of authorities or under the responsibility of authorities, in order to recommend particular treatment, including further investigation or prosecution, or immediate entry into and participation in a rehabilitation and\/or reintegration programme. The criteria to be applied during the screening process shall comply with international human rights norms and standards and conform to other applicable regimes, such as international humanitarian law and the international counter-terrorism framework.Not all persons will be prosecuted as a result of this screening, but the screening process shall address the question of whether or not a person should be prosecuted. In this respect, the term \u2018screening\u2019 should be distinguished from usage in the context of a DDR programme, where screening refers to the process of ensuring that a person who met previously agreed eligibility criteria will be registered in the programme.Additional UN guidance with regard to the prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters can be found, inter alia, in the Madrid Guiding Principles and their December 2018 Addendum (S\/2018\/1177). The Madrid Guiding Principles were adopted by the Security Council (S\/2015\/939) in December 2015 with the aim of becoming a practical tool for use by Member States in their efforts to combat terrorism and to stem the flow of foreign terrorist fighters in accordance with resolution 2178 (2014)Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that the host State has legal obligations under Security Council resolutions and\/or international counter-terrorism instruments to ensure that terrorists are brought to justice. \\n DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes to identify suspected terrorists. \\n Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in DDR processes. Children associated with such groups should be treated in accordance with the standards set out in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":280, "Sentence":"Although DDR programmes are not appropriate for persons associated with such organizations (see section below), lessons learned and programming experience from DDR programmes may be very relevant to the design, implementation and support to programmes to prosecute, rehabilitate and reintegrate these persons.As general guidance, for terrorist groups designated by the Security Council, Member States are required to develop prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration strategies.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR although ddr programme appropriate person associated organization see section lesson learned programming experience ddr programme may relevant design implementation support programme prosecute rehabilitate reintegrate persons.as general guidance terrorist group designated security council member state required develop prosecution rehabilitation reintegration strategy ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"i. The requirement \u2018to bring terrorists to justice\u2019", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The international counter-terrorism framework is comprised of relevant Security Council resolutions, as well as 19 international counter-terrorism instruments,18 which have been widely ratified by UN Member States. That framework must be implemented in compliance with other relevant international standards, particularly international humanitarian law, international refugee law and international human rights laUnder the Security Council resolutions, Member States are required, among other things, to: \\n Ensure that any person who participates in the preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice; \\n Ensure that such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts,19 including with respect to: \\n Financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or support of these acts and \\n Offences related to the travel of foreign terrorist fighters.20Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are also exhorted to establish criminal responsibility for: \\n Terrorist acts intended to destroy critical infrastructure21 and \\n Trafficking in persons by terrorist organizations and individuals.22While there is no universally agreed definition of terrorism, several of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments define certain terrorist acts and\/or offences with clarity and precision, including offences related to the financing of terrorism, the taking of hostages and terrorist bombing.23The Member State\u2019s obligation to \u2018bring terrorists to justice\u2019 is triggered and it shall consider whether a prosecution is warranted when there are reasonable grounds to believe that a group or individual has committed a terrorist offence set out in: \\n 1. A Security Council resolution or \\n 2. One of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments to which a Member State is a partyDDR practitioners should be aware of the fact that their host State has an international legal obligation to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism (that is, those that the Security Council has adopted in binding terms) and the international counter-terrorism instruments to which it is a party.Of particular relevance to the DDR practitioner is the fact that under Security Council resolutions, with respect to suspected terrorists (as defined above), Member States are further called upon to: \\n Develop and implement comprehensive and tailored prosecution, rehabilitation, and reintegration strategies and protocols, in line with their obligations under international law, including with respect to returning and relocating foreign terrorist fighters and their spouses and children who accompany them, and to address their suitability for rehabilitation.24There are two main scenarios where DDR processes and the international counter-terrorism legal framework may intersect: \\n 1. In addition to the traditional concerns with regard to screening out for prosecution persons suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide, the DDR practitioner, in advising and assisting a Member State, should also be aware of the Member State\u2019s obligations under the international counter-terrorism legal framework, and remind them of those obligations, if need be. Specific criteria, as appropriate and applicable to the context and Member States, should be incorporated into screening for DDR processes to identify and disqualify persons who have committed or are reasonably believed to have committed a terrorist act, or who are identified as clearly associated with a Security Council-designated terrorist organization. \\n 2. Although DDR programmes are not appropriate for persons associated with such organizations (see section below), lessons learned and programming experience from DDR programmes may be very relevant to the design, implementation and support to programmes to prosecute, rehabilitate and reintegrate these persons.As general guidance, for terrorist groups designated by the Security Council, Member States are required to develop prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration strategies. Terrorist suspects, including foreign terrorist fighters and their family members, and victims should be the subject of such strategies, which should be both tailored to specific categories and comprehensive.25 The initial step is to establish a clear and coherent screening process to determine the main profile of a person who is in the custody of authorities or under the responsibility of authorities, in order to recommend particular treatment, including further investigation or prosecution, or immediate entry into and participation in a rehabilitation and\/or reintegration programme. The criteria to be applied during the screening process shall comply with international human rights norms and standards and conform to other applicable regimes, such as international humanitarian law and the international counter-terrorism framework.Not all persons will be prosecuted as a result of this screening, but the screening process shall address the question of whether or not a person should be prosecuted. In this respect, the term \u2018screening\u2019 should be distinguished from usage in the context of a DDR programme, where screening refers to the process of ensuring that a person who met previously agreed eligibility criteria will be registered in the programme.Additional UN guidance with regard to the prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters can be found, inter alia, in the Madrid Guiding Principles and their December 2018 Addendum (S\/2018\/1177). The Madrid Guiding Principles were adopted by the Security Council (S\/2015\/939) in December 2015 with the aim of becoming a practical tool for use by Member States in their efforts to combat terrorism and to stem the flow of foreign terrorist fighters in accordance with resolution 2178 (2014)Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that the host State has legal obligations under Security Council resolutions and\/or international counter-terrorism instruments to ensure that terrorists are brought to justice. \\n DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes to identify suspected terrorists. \\n Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in DDR processes. Children associated with such groups should be treated in accordance with the standards set out in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":280, "Sentence":"Terrorist suspects, including foreign terrorist fighters and their family members, and victims should be the subject of such strategies, which should be both tailored to specific categories and comprehensive.25 The initial step is to establish a clear and coherent screening process to determine the main profile of a person who is in the custody of authorities or under the responsibility of authorities, in order to recommend particular treatment, including further investigation or prosecution, or immediate entry into and participation in a rehabilitation and\/or reintegration programme.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR terrorist suspect including foreign terrorist fighter family member victim subject strategy tailored specific category comprehensive.25 initial step establish clear coherent screening process determine main profile person custody authority responsibility authority order recommend particular treatment including investigation prosecution immediate entry participation rehabilitation and\/or reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"i. The requirement \u2018to bring terrorists to justice\u2019", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The international counter-terrorism framework is comprised of relevant Security Council resolutions, as well as 19 international counter-terrorism instruments,18 which have been widely ratified by UN Member States. That framework must be implemented in compliance with other relevant international standards, particularly international humanitarian law, international refugee law and international human rights laUnder the Security Council resolutions, Member States are required, among other things, to: \\n Ensure that any person who participates in the preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice; \\n Ensure that such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts,19 including with respect to: \\n Financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or support of these acts and \\n Offences related to the travel of foreign terrorist fighters.20Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are also exhorted to establish criminal responsibility for: \\n Terrorist acts intended to destroy critical infrastructure21 and \\n Trafficking in persons by terrorist organizations and individuals.22While there is no universally agreed definition of terrorism, several of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments define certain terrorist acts and\/or offences with clarity and precision, including offences related to the financing of terrorism, the taking of hostages and terrorist bombing.23The Member State\u2019s obligation to \u2018bring terrorists to justice\u2019 is triggered and it shall consider whether a prosecution is warranted when there are reasonable grounds to believe that a group or individual has committed a terrorist offence set out in: \\n 1. A Security Council resolution or \\n 2. One of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments to which a Member State is a partyDDR practitioners should be aware of the fact that their host State has an international legal obligation to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism (that is, those that the Security Council has adopted in binding terms) and the international counter-terrorism instruments to which it is a party.Of particular relevance to the DDR practitioner is the fact that under Security Council resolutions, with respect to suspected terrorists (as defined above), Member States are further called upon to: \\n Develop and implement comprehensive and tailored prosecution, rehabilitation, and reintegration strategies and protocols, in line with their obligations under international law, including with respect to returning and relocating foreign terrorist fighters and their spouses and children who accompany them, and to address their suitability for rehabilitation.24There are two main scenarios where DDR processes and the international counter-terrorism legal framework may intersect: \\n 1. In addition to the traditional concerns with regard to screening out for prosecution persons suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide, the DDR practitioner, in advising and assisting a Member State, should also be aware of the Member State\u2019s obligations under the international counter-terrorism legal framework, and remind them of those obligations, if need be. Specific criteria, as appropriate and applicable to the context and Member States, should be incorporated into screening for DDR processes to identify and disqualify persons who have committed or are reasonably believed to have committed a terrorist act, or who are identified as clearly associated with a Security Council-designated terrorist organization. \\n 2. Although DDR programmes are not appropriate for persons associated with such organizations (see section below), lessons learned and programming experience from DDR programmes may be very relevant to the design, implementation and support to programmes to prosecute, rehabilitate and reintegrate these persons.As general guidance, for terrorist groups designated by the Security Council, Member States are required to develop prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration strategies. Terrorist suspects, including foreign terrorist fighters and their family members, and victims should be the subject of such strategies, which should be both tailored to specific categories and comprehensive.25 The initial step is to establish a clear and coherent screening process to determine the main profile of a person who is in the custody of authorities or under the responsibility of authorities, in order to recommend particular treatment, including further investigation or prosecution, or immediate entry into and participation in a rehabilitation and\/or reintegration programme. The criteria to be applied during the screening process shall comply with international human rights norms and standards and conform to other applicable regimes, such as international humanitarian law and the international counter-terrorism framework.Not all persons will be prosecuted as a result of this screening, but the screening process shall address the question of whether or not a person should be prosecuted. In this respect, the term \u2018screening\u2019 should be distinguished from usage in the context of a DDR programme, where screening refers to the process of ensuring that a person who met previously agreed eligibility criteria will be registered in the programme.Additional UN guidance with regard to the prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters can be found, inter alia, in the Madrid Guiding Principles and their December 2018 Addendum (S\/2018\/1177). The Madrid Guiding Principles were adopted by the Security Council (S\/2015\/939) in December 2015 with the aim of becoming a practical tool for use by Member States in their efforts to combat terrorism and to stem the flow of foreign terrorist fighters in accordance with resolution 2178 (2014)Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that the host State has legal obligations under Security Council resolutions and\/or international counter-terrorism instruments to ensure that terrorists are brought to justice. \\n DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes to identify suspected terrorists. \\n Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in DDR processes. Children associated with such groups should be treated in accordance with the standards set out in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":280, "Sentence":"The criteria to be applied during the screening process shall comply with international human rights norms and standards and conform to other applicable regimes, such as international humanitarian law and the international counter-terrorism framework.Not all persons will be prosecuted as a result of this screening, but the screening process shall address the question of whether or not a person should be prosecuted.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR criterion applied screening process shall comply international human right norm standard conform applicable regime international humanitarian law international counterterrorism framework.not person prosecuted result screening screening process shall address question whether person prosecuted ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"i. The requirement \u2018to bring terrorists to justice\u2019", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The international counter-terrorism framework is comprised of relevant Security Council resolutions, as well as 19 international counter-terrorism instruments,18 which have been widely ratified by UN Member States. That framework must be implemented in compliance with other relevant international standards, particularly international humanitarian law, international refugee law and international human rights laUnder the Security Council resolutions, Member States are required, among other things, to: \\n Ensure that any person who participates in the preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice; \\n Ensure that such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts,19 including with respect to: \\n Financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or support of these acts and \\n Offences related to the travel of foreign terrorist fighters.20Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are also exhorted to establish criminal responsibility for: \\n Terrorist acts intended to destroy critical infrastructure21 and \\n Trafficking in persons by terrorist organizations and individuals.22While there is no universally agreed definition of terrorism, several of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments define certain terrorist acts and\/or offences with clarity and precision, including offences related to the financing of terrorism, the taking of hostages and terrorist bombing.23The Member State\u2019s obligation to \u2018bring terrorists to justice\u2019 is triggered and it shall consider whether a prosecution is warranted when there are reasonable grounds to believe that a group or individual has committed a terrorist offence set out in: \\n 1. A Security Council resolution or \\n 2. One of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments to which a Member State is a partyDDR practitioners should be aware of the fact that their host State has an international legal obligation to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism (that is, those that the Security Council has adopted in binding terms) and the international counter-terrorism instruments to which it is a party.Of particular relevance to the DDR practitioner is the fact that under Security Council resolutions, with respect to suspected terrorists (as defined above), Member States are further called upon to: \\n Develop and implement comprehensive and tailored prosecution, rehabilitation, and reintegration strategies and protocols, in line with their obligations under international law, including with respect to returning and relocating foreign terrorist fighters and their spouses and children who accompany them, and to address their suitability for rehabilitation.24There are two main scenarios where DDR processes and the international counter-terrorism legal framework may intersect: \\n 1. In addition to the traditional concerns with regard to screening out for prosecution persons suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide, the DDR practitioner, in advising and assisting a Member State, should also be aware of the Member State\u2019s obligations under the international counter-terrorism legal framework, and remind them of those obligations, if need be. Specific criteria, as appropriate and applicable to the context and Member States, should be incorporated into screening for DDR processes to identify and disqualify persons who have committed or are reasonably believed to have committed a terrorist act, or who are identified as clearly associated with a Security Council-designated terrorist organization. \\n 2. Although DDR programmes are not appropriate for persons associated with such organizations (see section below), lessons learned and programming experience from DDR programmes may be very relevant to the design, implementation and support to programmes to prosecute, rehabilitate and reintegrate these persons.As general guidance, for terrorist groups designated by the Security Council, Member States are required to develop prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration strategies. Terrorist suspects, including foreign terrorist fighters and their family members, and victims should be the subject of such strategies, which should be both tailored to specific categories and comprehensive.25 The initial step is to establish a clear and coherent screening process to determine the main profile of a person who is in the custody of authorities or under the responsibility of authorities, in order to recommend particular treatment, including further investigation or prosecution, or immediate entry into and participation in a rehabilitation and\/or reintegration programme. The criteria to be applied during the screening process shall comply with international human rights norms and standards and conform to other applicable regimes, such as international humanitarian law and the international counter-terrorism framework.Not all persons will be prosecuted as a result of this screening, but the screening process shall address the question of whether or not a person should be prosecuted. In this respect, the term \u2018screening\u2019 should be distinguished from usage in the context of a DDR programme, where screening refers to the process of ensuring that a person who met previously agreed eligibility criteria will be registered in the programme.Additional UN guidance with regard to the prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters can be found, inter alia, in the Madrid Guiding Principles and their December 2018 Addendum (S\/2018\/1177). The Madrid Guiding Principles were adopted by the Security Council (S\/2015\/939) in December 2015 with the aim of becoming a practical tool for use by Member States in their efforts to combat terrorism and to stem the flow of foreign terrorist fighters in accordance with resolution 2178 (2014)Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that the host State has legal obligations under Security Council resolutions and\/or international counter-terrorism instruments to ensure that terrorists are brought to justice. \\n DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes to identify suspected terrorists. \\n Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in DDR processes. Children associated with such groups should be treated in accordance with the standards set out in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":280, "Sentence":"In this respect, the term \u2018screening\u2019 should be distinguished from usage in the context of a DDR programme, where screening refers to the process of ensuring that a person who met previously agreed eligibility criteria will be registered in the programme.Additional UN guidance with regard to the prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters can be found, inter alia, in the Madrid Guiding Principles and their December 2018 Addendum (S\/2018\/1177).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR respect term \u2018 screening \u2019 distinguished usage context ddr programme screening refers process ensuring person met previously agreed eligibility criterion registered programme.additional un guidance regard prosecution rehabilitation reintegration foreign terrorist fighter found inter alia madrid guiding principle december 2018 addendum s\/2018\/1177 ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"i. The requirement \u2018to bring terrorists to justice\u2019", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The international counter-terrorism framework is comprised of relevant Security Council resolutions, as well as 19 international counter-terrorism instruments,18 which have been widely ratified by UN Member States. That framework must be implemented in compliance with other relevant international standards, particularly international humanitarian law, international refugee law and international human rights laUnder the Security Council resolutions, Member States are required, among other things, to: \\n Ensure that any person who participates in the preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice; \\n Ensure that such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts,19 including with respect to: \\n Financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or support of these acts and \\n Offences related to the travel of foreign terrorist fighters.20Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are also exhorted to establish criminal responsibility for: \\n Terrorist acts intended to destroy critical infrastructure21 and \\n Trafficking in persons by terrorist organizations and individuals.22While there is no universally agreed definition of terrorism, several of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments define certain terrorist acts and\/or offences with clarity and precision, including offences related to the financing of terrorism, the taking of hostages and terrorist bombing.23The Member State\u2019s obligation to \u2018bring terrorists to justice\u2019 is triggered and it shall consider whether a prosecution is warranted when there are reasonable grounds to believe that a group or individual has committed a terrorist offence set out in: \\n 1. A Security Council resolution or \\n 2. One of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments to which a Member State is a partyDDR practitioners should be aware of the fact that their host State has an international legal obligation to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism (that is, those that the Security Council has adopted in binding terms) and the international counter-terrorism instruments to which it is a party.Of particular relevance to the DDR practitioner is the fact that under Security Council resolutions, with respect to suspected terrorists (as defined above), Member States are further called upon to: \\n Develop and implement comprehensive and tailored prosecution, rehabilitation, and reintegration strategies and protocols, in line with their obligations under international law, including with respect to returning and relocating foreign terrorist fighters and their spouses and children who accompany them, and to address their suitability for rehabilitation.24There are two main scenarios where DDR processes and the international counter-terrorism legal framework may intersect: \\n 1. In addition to the traditional concerns with regard to screening out for prosecution persons suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide, the DDR practitioner, in advising and assisting a Member State, should also be aware of the Member State\u2019s obligations under the international counter-terrorism legal framework, and remind them of those obligations, if need be. Specific criteria, as appropriate and applicable to the context and Member States, should be incorporated into screening for DDR processes to identify and disqualify persons who have committed or are reasonably believed to have committed a terrorist act, or who are identified as clearly associated with a Security Council-designated terrorist organization. \\n 2. Although DDR programmes are not appropriate for persons associated with such organizations (see section below), lessons learned and programming experience from DDR programmes may be very relevant to the design, implementation and support to programmes to prosecute, rehabilitate and reintegrate these persons.As general guidance, for terrorist groups designated by the Security Council, Member States are required to develop prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration strategies. Terrorist suspects, including foreign terrorist fighters and their family members, and victims should be the subject of such strategies, which should be both tailored to specific categories and comprehensive.25 The initial step is to establish a clear and coherent screening process to determine the main profile of a person who is in the custody of authorities or under the responsibility of authorities, in order to recommend particular treatment, including further investigation or prosecution, or immediate entry into and participation in a rehabilitation and\/or reintegration programme. The criteria to be applied during the screening process shall comply with international human rights norms and standards and conform to other applicable regimes, such as international humanitarian law and the international counter-terrorism framework.Not all persons will be prosecuted as a result of this screening, but the screening process shall address the question of whether or not a person should be prosecuted. In this respect, the term \u2018screening\u2019 should be distinguished from usage in the context of a DDR programme, where screening refers to the process of ensuring that a person who met previously agreed eligibility criteria will be registered in the programme.Additional UN guidance with regard to the prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters can be found, inter alia, in the Madrid Guiding Principles and their December 2018 Addendum (S\/2018\/1177). The Madrid Guiding Principles were adopted by the Security Council (S\/2015\/939) in December 2015 with the aim of becoming a practical tool for use by Member States in their efforts to combat terrorism and to stem the flow of foreign terrorist fighters in accordance with resolution 2178 (2014)Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that the host State has legal obligations under Security Council resolutions and\/or international counter-terrorism instruments to ensure that terrorists are brought to justice. \\n DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes to identify suspected terrorists. \\n Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in DDR processes. Children associated with such groups should be treated in accordance with the standards set out in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":280, "Sentence":"The Madrid Guiding Principles were adopted by the Security Council (S\/2015\/939) in December 2015 with the aim of becoming a practical tool for use by Member States in their efforts to combat terrorism and to stem the flow of foreign terrorist fighters in accordance with resolution 2178 (2014)Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that the host State has legal obligations under Security Council resolutions and\/or international counter-terrorism instruments to ensure that terrorists are brought to justice.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR madrid guiding principle adopted security council s\/2015\/939 december 2015 aim becoming practical tool use member state effort combat terrorism stem flow foreign terrorist fighter accordance resolution 2178 2014specific guiding principle n ddr practitioner aware host state legal obligation security council resolution and\/or international counterterrorism instrument ensure terrorist brought justice ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"i. The requirement \u2018to bring terrorists to justice\u2019", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The international counter-terrorism framework is comprised of relevant Security Council resolutions, as well as 19 international counter-terrorism instruments,18 which have been widely ratified by UN Member States. That framework must be implemented in compliance with other relevant international standards, particularly international humanitarian law, international refugee law and international human rights laUnder the Security Council resolutions, Member States are required, among other things, to: \\n Ensure that any person who participates in the preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice; \\n Ensure that such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts,19 including with respect to: \\n Financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or support of these acts and \\n Offences related to the travel of foreign terrorist fighters.20Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are also exhorted to establish criminal responsibility for: \\n Terrorist acts intended to destroy critical infrastructure21 and \\n Trafficking in persons by terrorist organizations and individuals.22While there is no universally agreed definition of terrorism, several of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments define certain terrorist acts and\/or offences with clarity and precision, including offences related to the financing of terrorism, the taking of hostages and terrorist bombing.23The Member State\u2019s obligation to \u2018bring terrorists to justice\u2019 is triggered and it shall consider whether a prosecution is warranted when there are reasonable grounds to believe that a group or individual has committed a terrorist offence set out in: \\n 1. A Security Council resolution or \\n 2. One of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments to which a Member State is a partyDDR practitioners should be aware of the fact that their host State has an international legal obligation to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism (that is, those that the Security Council has adopted in binding terms) and the international counter-terrorism instruments to which it is a party.Of particular relevance to the DDR practitioner is the fact that under Security Council resolutions, with respect to suspected terrorists (as defined above), Member States are further called upon to: \\n Develop and implement comprehensive and tailored prosecution, rehabilitation, and reintegration strategies and protocols, in line with their obligations under international law, including with respect to returning and relocating foreign terrorist fighters and their spouses and children who accompany them, and to address their suitability for rehabilitation.24There are two main scenarios where DDR processes and the international counter-terrorism legal framework may intersect: \\n 1. In addition to the traditional concerns with regard to screening out for prosecution persons suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide, the DDR practitioner, in advising and assisting a Member State, should also be aware of the Member State\u2019s obligations under the international counter-terrorism legal framework, and remind them of those obligations, if need be. Specific criteria, as appropriate and applicable to the context and Member States, should be incorporated into screening for DDR processes to identify and disqualify persons who have committed or are reasonably believed to have committed a terrorist act, or who are identified as clearly associated with a Security Council-designated terrorist organization. \\n 2. Although DDR programmes are not appropriate for persons associated with such organizations (see section below), lessons learned and programming experience from DDR programmes may be very relevant to the design, implementation and support to programmes to prosecute, rehabilitate and reintegrate these persons.As general guidance, for terrorist groups designated by the Security Council, Member States are required to develop prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration strategies. Terrorist suspects, including foreign terrorist fighters and their family members, and victims should be the subject of such strategies, which should be both tailored to specific categories and comprehensive.25 The initial step is to establish a clear and coherent screening process to determine the main profile of a person who is in the custody of authorities or under the responsibility of authorities, in order to recommend particular treatment, including further investigation or prosecution, or immediate entry into and participation in a rehabilitation and\/or reintegration programme. The criteria to be applied during the screening process shall comply with international human rights norms and standards and conform to other applicable regimes, such as international humanitarian law and the international counter-terrorism framework.Not all persons will be prosecuted as a result of this screening, but the screening process shall address the question of whether or not a person should be prosecuted. In this respect, the term \u2018screening\u2019 should be distinguished from usage in the context of a DDR programme, where screening refers to the process of ensuring that a person who met previously agreed eligibility criteria will be registered in the programme.Additional UN guidance with regard to the prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters can be found, inter alia, in the Madrid Guiding Principles and their December 2018 Addendum (S\/2018\/1177). The Madrid Guiding Principles were adopted by the Security Council (S\/2015\/939) in December 2015 with the aim of becoming a practical tool for use by Member States in their efforts to combat terrorism and to stem the flow of foreign terrorist fighters in accordance with resolution 2178 (2014)Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that the host State has legal obligations under Security Council resolutions and\/or international counter-terrorism instruments to ensure that terrorists are brought to justice. \\n DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes to identify suspected terrorists. \\n Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in DDR processes. Children associated with such groups should be treated in accordance with the standards set out in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":280, "Sentence":"\\n DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes to identify suspected terrorists.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n ddr practitioner shall incorporate proper screening mechanism criterion ddr process identify suspected terrorist ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"i. The requirement \u2018to bring terrorists to justice\u2019", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The international counter-terrorism framework is comprised of relevant Security Council resolutions, as well as 19 international counter-terrorism instruments,18 which have been widely ratified by UN Member States. That framework must be implemented in compliance with other relevant international standards, particularly international humanitarian law, international refugee law and international human rights laUnder the Security Council resolutions, Member States are required, among other things, to: \\n Ensure that any person who participates in the preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice; \\n Ensure that such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts,19 including with respect to: \\n Financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or support of these acts and \\n Offences related to the travel of foreign terrorist fighters.20Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are also exhorted to establish criminal responsibility for: \\n Terrorist acts intended to destroy critical infrastructure21 and \\n Trafficking in persons by terrorist organizations and individuals.22While there is no universally agreed definition of terrorism, several of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments define certain terrorist acts and\/or offences with clarity and precision, including offences related to the financing of terrorism, the taking of hostages and terrorist bombing.23The Member State\u2019s obligation to \u2018bring terrorists to justice\u2019 is triggered and it shall consider whether a prosecution is warranted when there are reasonable grounds to believe that a group or individual has committed a terrorist offence set out in: \\n 1. A Security Council resolution or \\n 2. One of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments to which a Member State is a partyDDR practitioners should be aware of the fact that their host State has an international legal obligation to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism (that is, those that the Security Council has adopted in binding terms) and the international counter-terrorism instruments to which it is a party.Of particular relevance to the DDR practitioner is the fact that under Security Council resolutions, with respect to suspected terrorists (as defined above), Member States are further called upon to: \\n Develop and implement comprehensive and tailored prosecution, rehabilitation, and reintegration strategies and protocols, in line with their obligations under international law, including with respect to returning and relocating foreign terrorist fighters and their spouses and children who accompany them, and to address their suitability for rehabilitation.24There are two main scenarios where DDR processes and the international counter-terrorism legal framework may intersect: \\n 1. In addition to the traditional concerns with regard to screening out for prosecution persons suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide, the DDR practitioner, in advising and assisting a Member State, should also be aware of the Member State\u2019s obligations under the international counter-terrorism legal framework, and remind them of those obligations, if need be. Specific criteria, as appropriate and applicable to the context and Member States, should be incorporated into screening for DDR processes to identify and disqualify persons who have committed or are reasonably believed to have committed a terrorist act, or who are identified as clearly associated with a Security Council-designated terrorist organization. \\n 2. Although DDR programmes are not appropriate for persons associated with such organizations (see section below), lessons learned and programming experience from DDR programmes may be very relevant to the design, implementation and support to programmes to prosecute, rehabilitate and reintegrate these persons.As general guidance, for terrorist groups designated by the Security Council, Member States are required to develop prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration strategies. Terrorist suspects, including foreign terrorist fighters and their family members, and victims should be the subject of such strategies, which should be both tailored to specific categories and comprehensive.25 The initial step is to establish a clear and coherent screening process to determine the main profile of a person who is in the custody of authorities or under the responsibility of authorities, in order to recommend particular treatment, including further investigation or prosecution, or immediate entry into and participation in a rehabilitation and\/or reintegration programme. The criteria to be applied during the screening process shall comply with international human rights norms and standards and conform to other applicable regimes, such as international humanitarian law and the international counter-terrorism framework.Not all persons will be prosecuted as a result of this screening, but the screening process shall address the question of whether or not a person should be prosecuted. In this respect, the term \u2018screening\u2019 should be distinguished from usage in the context of a DDR programme, where screening refers to the process of ensuring that a person who met previously agreed eligibility criteria will be registered in the programme.Additional UN guidance with regard to the prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters can be found, inter alia, in the Madrid Guiding Principles and their December 2018 Addendum (S\/2018\/1177). The Madrid Guiding Principles were adopted by the Security Council (S\/2015\/939) in December 2015 with the aim of becoming a practical tool for use by Member States in their efforts to combat terrorism and to stem the flow of foreign terrorist fighters in accordance with resolution 2178 (2014)Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that the host State has legal obligations under Security Council resolutions and\/or international counter-terrorism instruments to ensure that terrorists are brought to justice. \\n DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes to identify suspected terrorists. \\n Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in DDR processes. Children associated with such groups should be treated in accordance with the standards set out in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":280, "Sentence":"\\n Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n depending circumstance terrorist organization associated terrorist offence committed may appropriate suspected terrorist participate ddr process ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"i. The requirement \u2018to bring terrorists to justice\u2019", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The international counter-terrorism framework is comprised of relevant Security Council resolutions, as well as 19 international counter-terrorism instruments,18 which have been widely ratified by UN Member States. That framework must be implemented in compliance with other relevant international standards, particularly international humanitarian law, international refugee law and international human rights laUnder the Security Council resolutions, Member States are required, among other things, to: \\n Ensure that any person who participates in the preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice; \\n Ensure that such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts,19 including with respect to: \\n Financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or support of these acts and \\n Offences related to the travel of foreign terrorist fighters.20Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are also exhorted to establish criminal responsibility for: \\n Terrorist acts intended to destroy critical infrastructure21 and \\n Trafficking in persons by terrorist organizations and individuals.22While there is no universally agreed definition of terrorism, several of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments define certain terrorist acts and\/or offences with clarity and precision, including offences related to the financing of terrorism, the taking of hostages and terrorist bombing.23The Member State\u2019s obligation to \u2018bring terrorists to justice\u2019 is triggered and it shall consider whether a prosecution is warranted when there are reasonable grounds to believe that a group or individual has committed a terrorist offence set out in: \\n 1. A Security Council resolution or \\n 2. One of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments to which a Member State is a partyDDR practitioners should be aware of the fact that their host State has an international legal obligation to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism (that is, those that the Security Council has adopted in binding terms) and the international counter-terrorism instruments to which it is a party.Of particular relevance to the DDR practitioner is the fact that under Security Council resolutions, with respect to suspected terrorists (as defined above), Member States are further called upon to: \\n Develop and implement comprehensive and tailored prosecution, rehabilitation, and reintegration strategies and protocols, in line with their obligations under international law, including with respect to returning and relocating foreign terrorist fighters and their spouses and children who accompany them, and to address their suitability for rehabilitation.24There are two main scenarios where DDR processes and the international counter-terrorism legal framework may intersect: \\n 1. In addition to the traditional concerns with regard to screening out for prosecution persons suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide, the DDR practitioner, in advising and assisting a Member State, should also be aware of the Member State\u2019s obligations under the international counter-terrorism legal framework, and remind them of those obligations, if need be. Specific criteria, as appropriate and applicable to the context and Member States, should be incorporated into screening for DDR processes to identify and disqualify persons who have committed or are reasonably believed to have committed a terrorist act, or who are identified as clearly associated with a Security Council-designated terrorist organization. \\n 2. Although DDR programmes are not appropriate for persons associated with such organizations (see section below), lessons learned and programming experience from DDR programmes may be very relevant to the design, implementation and support to programmes to prosecute, rehabilitate and reintegrate these persons.As general guidance, for terrorist groups designated by the Security Council, Member States are required to develop prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration strategies. Terrorist suspects, including foreign terrorist fighters and their family members, and victims should be the subject of such strategies, which should be both tailored to specific categories and comprehensive.25 The initial step is to establish a clear and coherent screening process to determine the main profile of a person who is in the custody of authorities or under the responsibility of authorities, in order to recommend particular treatment, including further investigation or prosecution, or immediate entry into and participation in a rehabilitation and\/or reintegration programme. The criteria to be applied during the screening process shall comply with international human rights norms and standards and conform to other applicable regimes, such as international humanitarian law and the international counter-terrorism framework.Not all persons will be prosecuted as a result of this screening, but the screening process shall address the question of whether or not a person should be prosecuted. In this respect, the term \u2018screening\u2019 should be distinguished from usage in the context of a DDR programme, where screening refers to the process of ensuring that a person who met previously agreed eligibility criteria will be registered in the programme.Additional UN guidance with regard to the prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters can be found, inter alia, in the Madrid Guiding Principles and their December 2018 Addendum (S\/2018\/1177). The Madrid Guiding Principles were adopted by the Security Council (S\/2015\/939) in December 2015 with the aim of becoming a practical tool for use by Member States in their efforts to combat terrorism and to stem the flow of foreign terrorist fighters in accordance with resolution 2178 (2014)Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware that the host State has legal obligations under Security Council resolutions and\/or international counter-terrorism instruments to ensure that terrorists are brought to justice. \\n DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes to identify suspected terrorists. \\n Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in DDR processes. Children associated with such groups should be treated in accordance with the standards set out in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":280, "Sentence":"Children associated with such groups should be treated in accordance with the standards set out in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR child associated group treated accordance standard set iddrs 5.20 child ddr iddrs 5.30 youth ddr ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"ii. Sanctions relating to terrorism, including from Security Council committees ", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities was established pursuant to Resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015). It is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. In addition, the Security Council may list individuals or groups for other reasons26 and impose sanctions on them. These individuals or groups may also be described as \u2018terrorist groups\u2019 in separate Council resolutions.27In this regard, a specific set of issues arises vis-\u00e0-vis engaging groups or individuals in a DDR process when the group(s) or individual(s) are (a) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by the Security Council (either via the Da\u2019esh-Al Qaida Committee or another relevant Committee); and\/or (b) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by a Member State for that Member State, by way of domestic legislation.DDR practitioners should be aware that donor states may also designate groups as terrorists through such \u2018national listings\u2019.Moreover, as a consequence of Security Council, regional or national listings, donor states in particular may have constraints placed upon them as a result of their national legislation that could impact what support (financial or otherwise) they can provide.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been listed by the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have for planning or implementation of DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been designated a terrorist organization or individual by a regional organization or Member State (including the host State or donor country) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have on the planning and implementation of DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser upon applicable host State national legislation targeting the provision of support to listed terrorist groups, including its possible criminalization.Red line \\n Groups or individuals listed by the Security Council, as well as perpetrators or suspected perpetrators of terrorist acts cannot be participants in DDR programmes. However, in compliance with relevant international standards and within the proper framework, support may be provided by DDR practitioners, using DDR-related tools, to persons associated to Security Council\u2013designated terrorist organizations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":281, "Sentence":"The Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities was established pursuant to Resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR security council committee concerning isil da \u2019 esh alqaida associated individual group undertaking entity established pursuant resolution 1267 1999 1989 2011 2253 2015 ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"ii. Sanctions relating to terrorism, including from Security Council committees ", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities was established pursuant to Resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015). It is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. In addition, the Security Council may list individuals or groups for other reasons26 and impose sanctions on them. These individuals or groups may also be described as \u2018terrorist groups\u2019 in separate Council resolutions.27In this regard, a specific set of issues arises vis-\u00e0-vis engaging groups or individuals in a DDR process when the group(s) or individual(s) are (a) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by the Security Council (either via the Da\u2019esh-Al Qaida Committee or another relevant Committee); and\/or (b) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by a Member State for that Member State, by way of domestic legislation.DDR practitioners should be aware that donor states may also designate groups as terrorists through such \u2018national listings\u2019.Moreover, as a consequence of Security Council, regional or national listings, donor states in particular may have constraints placed upon them as a result of their national legislation that could impact what support (financial or otherwise) they can provide.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been listed by the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have for planning or implementation of DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been designated a terrorist organization or individual by a regional organization or Member State (including the host State or donor country) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have on the planning and implementation of DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser upon applicable host State national legislation targeting the provision of support to listed terrorist groups, including its possible criminalization.Red line \\n Groups or individuals listed by the Security Council, as well as perpetrators or suspected perpetrators of terrorist acts cannot be participants in DDR programmes. However, in compliance with relevant international standards and within the proper framework, support may be provided by DDR practitioners, using DDR-related tools, to persons associated to Security Council\u2013designated terrorist organizations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":281, "Sentence":"It is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR sanction committee security council list individual group association terrorism ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"ii. Sanctions relating to terrorism, including from Security Council committees ", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities was established pursuant to Resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015). It is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. In addition, the Security Council may list individuals or groups for other reasons26 and impose sanctions on them. These individuals or groups may also be described as \u2018terrorist groups\u2019 in separate Council resolutions.27In this regard, a specific set of issues arises vis-\u00e0-vis engaging groups or individuals in a DDR process when the group(s) or individual(s) are (a) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by the Security Council (either via the Da\u2019esh-Al Qaida Committee or another relevant Committee); and\/or (b) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by a Member State for that Member State, by way of domestic legislation.DDR practitioners should be aware that donor states may also designate groups as terrorists through such \u2018national listings\u2019.Moreover, as a consequence of Security Council, regional or national listings, donor states in particular may have constraints placed upon them as a result of their national legislation that could impact what support (financial or otherwise) they can provide.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been listed by the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have for planning or implementation of DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been designated a terrorist organization or individual by a regional organization or Member State (including the host State or donor country) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have on the planning and implementation of DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser upon applicable host State national legislation targeting the provision of support to listed terrorist groups, including its possible criminalization.Red line \\n Groups or individuals listed by the Security Council, as well as perpetrators or suspected perpetrators of terrorist acts cannot be participants in DDR programmes. However, in compliance with relevant international standards and within the proper framework, support may be provided by DDR practitioners, using DDR-related tools, to persons associated to Security Council\u2013designated terrorist organizations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":281, "Sentence":"In addition, the Security Council may list individuals or groups for other reasons26 and impose sanctions on them.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR addition security council may list individual group reasons26 impose sanction ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"ii. Sanctions relating to terrorism, including from Security Council committees ", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities was established pursuant to Resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015). It is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. In addition, the Security Council may list individuals or groups for other reasons26 and impose sanctions on them. These individuals or groups may also be described as \u2018terrorist groups\u2019 in separate Council resolutions.27In this regard, a specific set of issues arises vis-\u00e0-vis engaging groups or individuals in a DDR process when the group(s) or individual(s) are (a) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by the Security Council (either via the Da\u2019esh-Al Qaida Committee or another relevant Committee); and\/or (b) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by a Member State for that Member State, by way of domestic legislation.DDR practitioners should be aware that donor states may also designate groups as terrorists through such \u2018national listings\u2019.Moreover, as a consequence of Security Council, regional or national listings, donor states in particular may have constraints placed upon them as a result of their national legislation that could impact what support (financial or otherwise) they can provide.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been listed by the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have for planning or implementation of DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been designated a terrorist organization or individual by a regional organization or Member State (including the host State or donor country) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have on the planning and implementation of DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser upon applicable host State national legislation targeting the provision of support to listed terrorist groups, including its possible criminalization.Red line \\n Groups or individuals listed by the Security Council, as well as perpetrators or suspected perpetrators of terrorist acts cannot be participants in DDR programmes. However, in compliance with relevant international standards and within the proper framework, support may be provided by DDR practitioners, using DDR-related tools, to persons associated to Security Council\u2013designated terrorist organizations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":281, "Sentence":"These individuals or groups may also be described as \u2018terrorist groups\u2019 in separate Council resolutions.27In this regard, a specific set of issues arises vis-\u00e0-vis engaging groups or individuals in a DDR process when the group(s) or individual(s) are (a) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by the Security Council (either via the Da\u2019esh-Al Qaida Committee or another relevant Committee); and\/or (b) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by a Member State for that Member State, by way of domestic legislation.DDR practitioners should be aware that donor states may also designate groups as terrorists through such \u2018national listings\u2019.Moreover, as a consequence of Security Council, regional or national listings, donor states in particular may have constraints placed upon them as a result of their national legislation that could impact what support (financial or otherwise) they can provide.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been listed by the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have for planning or implementation of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR individual group may also described \u2018 terrorist group \u2019 separate council resolutions.27in regard specific set issue arises vis\u00e0vis engaging group individual ddr process group individual listed terrorist group individual organization security council either via da \u2019 eshal qaida committee another relevant committee and\/or b listed terrorist group individual organization member state member state way domestic legislation.ddr practitioner aware donor state may also designate group terrorist \u2018 national listing \u2019 .moreover consequence security council regional national listing donor state particular may constraint placed upon result national legislation could impact support financial otherwise provide.specific guiding principle n ddr practitioner aware whether group entity individual listed security council committee pursuant resolution 1267 1999 1989 2011 2253 2015 consult legal adviser implication may planning implementation ddr process ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"ii. Sanctions relating to terrorism, including from Security Council committees ", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities was established pursuant to Resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015). It is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. In addition, the Security Council may list individuals or groups for other reasons26 and impose sanctions on them. These individuals or groups may also be described as \u2018terrorist groups\u2019 in separate Council resolutions.27In this regard, a specific set of issues arises vis-\u00e0-vis engaging groups or individuals in a DDR process when the group(s) or individual(s) are (a) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by the Security Council (either via the Da\u2019esh-Al Qaida Committee or another relevant Committee); and\/or (b) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by a Member State for that Member State, by way of domestic legislation.DDR practitioners should be aware that donor states may also designate groups as terrorists through such \u2018national listings\u2019.Moreover, as a consequence of Security Council, regional or national listings, donor states in particular may have constraints placed upon them as a result of their national legislation that could impact what support (financial or otherwise) they can provide.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been listed by the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have for planning or implementation of DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been designated a terrorist organization or individual by a regional organization or Member State (including the host State or donor country) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have on the planning and implementation of DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser upon applicable host State national legislation targeting the provision of support to listed terrorist groups, including its possible criminalization.Red line \\n Groups or individuals listed by the Security Council, as well as perpetrators or suspected perpetrators of terrorist acts cannot be participants in DDR programmes. However, in compliance with relevant international standards and within the proper framework, support may be provided by DDR practitioners, using DDR-related tools, to persons associated to Security Council\u2013designated terrorist organizations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":281, "Sentence":"\\n DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been designated a terrorist organization or individual by a regional organization or Member State (including the host State or donor country) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have on the planning and implementation of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n ddr practitioner aware whether group entity individual designated terrorist organization individual regional organization member state including host state donor country consult legal adviser implication may planning implementation ddr process ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"ii. Sanctions relating to terrorism, including from Security Council committees ", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities was established pursuant to Resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015). It is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. In addition, the Security Council may list individuals or groups for other reasons26 and impose sanctions on them. These individuals or groups may also be described as \u2018terrorist groups\u2019 in separate Council resolutions.27In this regard, a specific set of issues arises vis-\u00e0-vis engaging groups or individuals in a DDR process when the group(s) or individual(s) are (a) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by the Security Council (either via the Da\u2019esh-Al Qaida Committee or another relevant Committee); and\/or (b) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by a Member State for that Member State, by way of domestic legislation.DDR practitioners should be aware that donor states may also designate groups as terrorists through such \u2018national listings\u2019.Moreover, as a consequence of Security Council, regional or national listings, donor states in particular may have constraints placed upon them as a result of their national legislation that could impact what support (financial or otherwise) they can provide.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been listed by the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have for planning or implementation of DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been designated a terrorist organization or individual by a regional organization or Member State (including the host State or donor country) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have on the planning and implementation of DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser upon applicable host State national legislation targeting the provision of support to listed terrorist groups, including its possible criminalization.Red line \\n Groups or individuals listed by the Security Council, as well as perpetrators or suspected perpetrators of terrorist acts cannot be participants in DDR programmes. However, in compliance with relevant international standards and within the proper framework, support may be provided by DDR practitioners, using DDR-related tools, to persons associated to Security Council\u2013designated terrorist organizations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":281, "Sentence":"\\n DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser upon applicable host State national legislation targeting the provision of support to listed terrorist groups, including its possible criminalization.Red line \\n Groups or individuals listed by the Security Council, as well as perpetrators or suspected perpetrators of terrorist acts cannot be participants in DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n ddr practitioner consult legal adviser upon applicable host state national legislation targeting provision support listed terrorist group including possible criminalization.red line n group individual listed security council well perpetrator suspected perpetrator terrorist act participant ddr programme ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework", "Heading4":"ii. Sanctions relating to terrorism, including from Security Council committees ", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities was established pursuant to Resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015). It is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. In addition, the Security Council may list individuals or groups for other reasons26 and impose sanctions on them. These individuals or groups may also be described as \u2018terrorist groups\u2019 in separate Council resolutions.27In this regard, a specific set of issues arises vis-\u00e0-vis engaging groups or individuals in a DDR process when the group(s) or individual(s) are (a) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by the Security Council (either via the Da\u2019esh-Al Qaida Committee or another relevant Committee); and\/or (b) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by a Member State for that Member State, by way of domestic legislation.DDR practitioners should be aware that donor states may also designate groups as terrorists through such \u2018national listings\u2019.Moreover, as a consequence of Security Council, regional or national listings, donor states in particular may have constraints placed upon them as a result of their national legislation that could impact what support (financial or otherwise) they can provide.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been listed by the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have for planning or implementation of DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been designated a terrorist organization or individual by a regional organization or Member State (including the host State or donor country) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have on the planning and implementation of DDR processes. \\n DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser upon applicable host State national legislation targeting the provision of support to listed terrorist groups, including its possible criminalization.Red line \\n Groups or individuals listed by the Security Council, as well as perpetrators or suspected perpetrators of terrorist acts cannot be participants in DDR programmes. However, in compliance with relevant international standards and within the proper framework, support may be provided by DDR practitioners, using DDR-related tools, to persons associated to Security Council\u2013designated terrorist organizations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":281, "Sentence":"However, in compliance with relevant international standards and within the proper framework, support may be provided by DDR practitioners, using DDR-related tools, to persons associated to Security Council\u2013designated terrorist organizations.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR however compliance relevant international standard within proper framework support may provided ddr practitioner using ddrrelated tool person associated security council\u2013designated terrorist organization ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.7 International arms control framework ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The international arms control framework is made up of a number of international legal instruments that set out obligations for Member States with regard to a range of arms control issues relevant to DDR activities, including the management, storage, security, transfer and disposal of arms, ammunition and related material. These instruments include: \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, is the only legally binding instrument at the global level to counter the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. It provides a framework for States to control and regulate licit arms and arms flows, prevent their diversion into illegal circulation, and facilitate the investigation and prosecution of related offences without hampering legitimate transfers. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international trade in conventional arms, ranging from small arms to battle tanks, combat aircraft and warships. \\n The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects as amended on 21 December 2001 bans or restricts the use of specific types of weapons that are considered to cause unnecessary or unjustifiable suffering to combatants or to affect civilians indiscriminately. \\n The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction prohibits the development, production, stockpiling, transfer and use of anti-personnel mines. \\n The Convention on Cluster Munitions prohibits all use, production, transfer and stockpiling of cluster munitions. It also establishes a framework for cooperation and assistance to ensure adequate support to survivors and their communities, clearance of contaminated areas, risk reduction education and destruction of stockpiles.Specific guiding principles \\n In addition to relevant national legislation, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international and regional legal instruments that the State in which the DDR practitioner is operating has ratified, and how these may impact the design of disarmament and transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":282, "Sentence":"The international arms control framework is made up of a number of international legal instruments that set out obligations for Member States with regard to a range of arms control issues relevant to DDR activities, including the management, storage, security, transfer and disposal of arms, ammunition and related material.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR international arm control framework made number international legal instrument set obligation member state regard range arm control issue relevant ddr activity including management storage security transfer disposal arm ammunition related material ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.7 International arms control framework ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The international arms control framework is made up of a number of international legal instruments that set out obligations for Member States with regard to a range of arms control issues relevant to DDR activities, including the management, storage, security, transfer and disposal of arms, ammunition and related material. These instruments include: \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, is the only legally binding instrument at the global level to counter the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. It provides a framework for States to control and regulate licit arms and arms flows, prevent their diversion into illegal circulation, and facilitate the investigation and prosecution of related offences without hampering legitimate transfers. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international trade in conventional arms, ranging from small arms to battle tanks, combat aircraft and warships. \\n The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects as amended on 21 December 2001 bans or restricts the use of specific types of weapons that are considered to cause unnecessary or unjustifiable suffering to combatants or to affect civilians indiscriminately. \\n The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction prohibits the development, production, stockpiling, transfer and use of anti-personnel mines. \\n The Convention on Cluster Munitions prohibits all use, production, transfer and stockpiling of cluster munitions. It also establishes a framework for cooperation and assistance to ensure adequate support to survivors and their communities, clearance of contaminated areas, risk reduction education and destruction of stockpiles.Specific guiding principles \\n In addition to relevant national legislation, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international and regional legal instruments that the State in which the DDR practitioner is operating has ratified, and how these may impact the design of disarmament and transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":282, "Sentence":"These instruments include: \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, is the only legally binding instrument at the global level to counter the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR instrument include n protocol illicit manufacturing trafficking firearm part component ammunition supplementing un convention transnational organized crime legally binding instrument global level counter illicit manufacturing trafficking firearm part component ammunition ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.7 International arms control framework ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The international arms control framework is made up of a number of international legal instruments that set out obligations for Member States with regard to a range of arms control issues relevant to DDR activities, including the management, storage, security, transfer and disposal of arms, ammunition and related material. These instruments include: \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, is the only legally binding instrument at the global level to counter the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. It provides a framework for States to control and regulate licit arms and arms flows, prevent their diversion into illegal circulation, and facilitate the investigation and prosecution of related offences without hampering legitimate transfers. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international trade in conventional arms, ranging from small arms to battle tanks, combat aircraft and warships. \\n The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects as amended on 21 December 2001 bans or restricts the use of specific types of weapons that are considered to cause unnecessary or unjustifiable suffering to combatants or to affect civilians indiscriminately. \\n The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction prohibits the development, production, stockpiling, transfer and use of anti-personnel mines. \\n The Convention on Cluster Munitions prohibits all use, production, transfer and stockpiling of cluster munitions. It also establishes a framework for cooperation and assistance to ensure adequate support to survivors and their communities, clearance of contaminated areas, risk reduction education and destruction of stockpiles.Specific guiding principles \\n In addition to relevant national legislation, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international and regional legal instruments that the State in which the DDR practitioner is operating has ratified, and how these may impact the design of disarmament and transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":282, "Sentence":"It provides a framework for States to control and regulate licit arms and arms flows, prevent their diversion into illegal circulation, and facilitate the investigation and prosecution of related offences without hampering legitimate transfers.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR provides framework state control regulate licit arm arm flow prevent diversion illegal circulation facilitate investigation prosecution related offence without hampering legitimate transfer ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.7 International arms control framework ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The international arms control framework is made up of a number of international legal instruments that set out obligations for Member States with regard to a range of arms control issues relevant to DDR activities, including the management, storage, security, transfer and disposal of arms, ammunition and related material. These instruments include: \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, is the only legally binding instrument at the global level to counter the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. It provides a framework for States to control and regulate licit arms and arms flows, prevent their diversion into illegal circulation, and facilitate the investigation and prosecution of related offences without hampering legitimate transfers. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international trade in conventional arms, ranging from small arms to battle tanks, combat aircraft and warships. \\n The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects as amended on 21 December 2001 bans or restricts the use of specific types of weapons that are considered to cause unnecessary or unjustifiable suffering to combatants or to affect civilians indiscriminately. \\n The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction prohibits the development, production, stockpiling, transfer and use of anti-personnel mines. \\n The Convention on Cluster Munitions prohibits all use, production, transfer and stockpiling of cluster munitions. It also establishes a framework for cooperation and assistance to ensure adequate support to survivors and their communities, clearance of contaminated areas, risk reduction education and destruction of stockpiles.Specific guiding principles \\n In addition to relevant national legislation, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international and regional legal instruments that the State in which the DDR practitioner is operating has ratified, and how these may impact the design of disarmament and transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":282, "Sentence":"\\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international trade in conventional arms, ranging from small arms to battle tanks, combat aircraft and warships.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n arm trade treaty regulates international trade conventional arm ranging small arm battle tank combat aircraft warship ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.7 International arms control framework ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The international arms control framework is made up of a number of international legal instruments that set out obligations for Member States with regard to a range of arms control issues relevant to DDR activities, including the management, storage, security, transfer and disposal of arms, ammunition and related material. These instruments include: \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, is the only legally binding instrument at the global level to counter the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. It provides a framework for States to control and regulate licit arms and arms flows, prevent their diversion into illegal circulation, and facilitate the investigation and prosecution of related offences without hampering legitimate transfers. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international trade in conventional arms, ranging from small arms to battle tanks, combat aircraft and warships. \\n The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects as amended on 21 December 2001 bans or restricts the use of specific types of weapons that are considered to cause unnecessary or unjustifiable suffering to combatants or to affect civilians indiscriminately. \\n The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction prohibits the development, production, stockpiling, transfer and use of anti-personnel mines. \\n The Convention on Cluster Munitions prohibits all use, production, transfer and stockpiling of cluster munitions. It also establishes a framework for cooperation and assistance to ensure adequate support to survivors and their communities, clearance of contaminated areas, risk reduction education and destruction of stockpiles.Specific guiding principles \\n In addition to relevant national legislation, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international and regional legal instruments that the State in which the DDR practitioner is operating has ratified, and how these may impact the design of disarmament and transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":282, "Sentence":"\\n The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects as amended on 21 December 2001 bans or restricts the use of specific types of weapons that are considered to cause unnecessary or unjustifiable suffering to combatants or to affect civilians indiscriminately.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n convention certain conventional weapon may deemed excessively injurious indiscriminate effect amended 21 december 2001 ban restricts use specific type weapon considered cause unnecessary unjustifiable suffering combatant affect civilian indiscriminately ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.7 International arms control framework ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The international arms control framework is made up of a number of international legal instruments that set out obligations for Member States with regard to a range of arms control issues relevant to DDR activities, including the management, storage, security, transfer and disposal of arms, ammunition and related material. These instruments include: \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, is the only legally binding instrument at the global level to counter the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. It provides a framework for States to control and regulate licit arms and arms flows, prevent their diversion into illegal circulation, and facilitate the investigation and prosecution of related offences without hampering legitimate transfers. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international trade in conventional arms, ranging from small arms to battle tanks, combat aircraft and warships. \\n The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects as amended on 21 December 2001 bans or restricts the use of specific types of weapons that are considered to cause unnecessary or unjustifiable suffering to combatants or to affect civilians indiscriminately. \\n The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction prohibits the development, production, stockpiling, transfer and use of anti-personnel mines. \\n The Convention on Cluster Munitions prohibits all use, production, transfer and stockpiling of cluster munitions. It also establishes a framework for cooperation and assistance to ensure adequate support to survivors and their communities, clearance of contaminated areas, risk reduction education and destruction of stockpiles.Specific guiding principles \\n In addition to relevant national legislation, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international and regional legal instruments that the State in which the DDR practitioner is operating has ratified, and how these may impact the design of disarmament and transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":282, "Sentence":"\\n The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction prohibits the development, production, stockpiling, transfer and use of anti-personnel mines.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n convention prohibition use stockpiling production transfer antipersonnel mine destruction prohibits development production stockpiling transfer use antipersonnel mine ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.7 International arms control framework ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The international arms control framework is made up of a number of international legal instruments that set out obligations for Member States with regard to a range of arms control issues relevant to DDR activities, including the management, storage, security, transfer and disposal of arms, ammunition and related material. These instruments include: \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, is the only legally binding instrument at the global level to counter the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. It provides a framework for States to control and regulate licit arms and arms flows, prevent their diversion into illegal circulation, and facilitate the investigation and prosecution of related offences without hampering legitimate transfers. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international trade in conventional arms, ranging from small arms to battle tanks, combat aircraft and warships. \\n The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects as amended on 21 December 2001 bans or restricts the use of specific types of weapons that are considered to cause unnecessary or unjustifiable suffering to combatants or to affect civilians indiscriminately. \\n The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction prohibits the development, production, stockpiling, transfer and use of anti-personnel mines. \\n The Convention on Cluster Munitions prohibits all use, production, transfer and stockpiling of cluster munitions. It also establishes a framework for cooperation and assistance to ensure adequate support to survivors and their communities, clearance of contaminated areas, risk reduction education and destruction of stockpiles.Specific guiding principles \\n In addition to relevant national legislation, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international and regional legal instruments that the State in which the DDR practitioner is operating has ratified, and how these may impact the design of disarmament and transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":282, "Sentence":"\\n The Convention on Cluster Munitions prohibits all use, production, transfer and stockpiling of cluster munitions.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n convention cluster munition prohibits use production transfer stockpiling cluster munition ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Normative legal framework ", "Heading3":"4.2.7 International arms control framework ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The international arms control framework is made up of a number of international legal instruments that set out obligations for Member States with regard to a range of arms control issues relevant to DDR activities, including the management, storage, security, transfer and disposal of arms, ammunition and related material. These instruments include: \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, is the only legally binding instrument at the global level to counter the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. It provides a framework for States to control and regulate licit arms and arms flows, prevent their diversion into illegal circulation, and facilitate the investigation and prosecution of related offences without hampering legitimate transfers. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international trade in conventional arms, ranging from small arms to battle tanks, combat aircraft and warships. \\n The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects as amended on 21 December 2001 bans or restricts the use of specific types of weapons that are considered to cause unnecessary or unjustifiable suffering to combatants or to affect civilians indiscriminately. \\n The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction prohibits the development, production, stockpiling, transfer and use of anti-personnel mines. \\n The Convention on Cluster Munitions prohibits all use, production, transfer and stockpiling of cluster munitions. It also establishes a framework for cooperation and assistance to ensure adequate support to survivors and their communities, clearance of contaminated areas, risk reduction education and destruction of stockpiles.Specific guiding principles \\n In addition to relevant national legislation, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international and regional legal instruments that the State in which the DDR practitioner is operating has ratified, and how these may impact the design of disarmament and transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":282, "Sentence":"It also establishes a framework for cooperation and assistance to ensure adequate support to survivors and their communities, clearance of contaminated areas, risk reduction education and destruction of stockpiles.Specific guiding principles \\n In addition to relevant national legislation, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international and regional legal instruments that the State in which the DDR practitioner is operating has ratified, and how these may impact the design of disarmament and transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR also establishes framework cooperation assistance ensure adequate support survivor community clearance contaminated area risk reduction education destruction stockpiles.specific guiding principle n addition relevant national legislation ddr practitioner aware international regional legal instrument state ddr practitioner operating ratified may impact design disarmament transitional weapon ammunition management activity see iddrs 4.10 disarmament iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammunition management ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Member States\u2019 international obligations and domestic legal framework ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A Member State\u2019s international obligations are usually translated into domestic legislation. A Member State\u2019s domestic legislation has effect within the territory of that Member State.In order to determine a DDR participant\u2019s immediate rights and freedoms in the Member State, and\/or to find the domestic basis, within the State, to ensure the protection of the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries, the DDR practitioner will have to look towards the specific context of the Member State, i.e., the Member State\u2019s international obligations and its domestic legislation. This is despite the fact that the UN DDR practitioner is guided by the international law principles set out above in the conduct of the Organization\u2019s activities, or that the DDR practitioner may wish to engage with Member States to ensure that their treatment of DDR participants and beneficiaries is in line with their international obligations.For example, the following issues would usually be addressed in a Member State\u2019s domestic legislation, in particular its constitution and criminal procedure code: \\n Length of pretrial detention; \\n Due process rights; \\n Protections and procedure with regard to investigations and prosecutions of alleged crimes, and \\n Criminal penaltiesSimilarly, in order to understand how the Member State has decided to implement the above Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism, as well as relevant resolutions on organized crimes, DDR practitioners will have to look towards domestic legislation, in particular, to understand the acts that would constitute crimes in the Member State in which they work.For the purposes of DDR, it is thus important to have an understanding of the Member State that the UN DDR practitioner is operating in, in particular, 1) the Member State\u2019s international obligations, including the international conventions that the Member State has signed and ratified; and 2) the relevant protections provided for under the Member State\u2019s domestic legislation that the UN DDR practitioner can rely upon to help ensure the protection of DDR participants\u2019 rights and freedomsSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international conventions that the Member State, in which they operate, has signed and ratified. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of domestic legislation that may address the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as limit their participation in DDR processes, in particular the penal code, criminal procedure code and counter-terrorism legislation. \\n DDR practitioners may wish to rely on domestic legislation to secure the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State, as appropriate and necessaryRed line \\n DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State. If there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner should seek legal advice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":283, "Sentence":"A Member State\u2019s international obligations are usually translated into domestic legislation.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR member state \u2019 international obligation usually translated domestic legislation ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Member States\u2019 international obligations and domestic legal framework ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A Member State\u2019s international obligations are usually translated into domestic legislation. A Member State\u2019s domestic legislation has effect within the territory of that Member State.In order to determine a DDR participant\u2019s immediate rights and freedoms in the Member State, and\/or to find the domestic basis, within the State, to ensure the protection of the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries, the DDR practitioner will have to look towards the specific context of the Member State, i.e., the Member State\u2019s international obligations and its domestic legislation. This is despite the fact that the UN DDR practitioner is guided by the international law principles set out above in the conduct of the Organization\u2019s activities, or that the DDR practitioner may wish to engage with Member States to ensure that their treatment of DDR participants and beneficiaries is in line with their international obligations.For example, the following issues would usually be addressed in a Member State\u2019s domestic legislation, in particular its constitution and criminal procedure code: \\n Length of pretrial detention; \\n Due process rights; \\n Protections and procedure with regard to investigations and prosecutions of alleged crimes, and \\n Criminal penaltiesSimilarly, in order to understand how the Member State has decided to implement the above Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism, as well as relevant resolutions on organized crimes, DDR practitioners will have to look towards domestic legislation, in particular, to understand the acts that would constitute crimes in the Member State in which they work.For the purposes of DDR, it is thus important to have an understanding of the Member State that the UN DDR practitioner is operating in, in particular, 1) the Member State\u2019s international obligations, including the international conventions that the Member State has signed and ratified; and 2) the relevant protections provided for under the Member State\u2019s domestic legislation that the UN DDR practitioner can rely upon to help ensure the protection of DDR participants\u2019 rights and freedomsSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international conventions that the Member State, in which they operate, has signed and ratified. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of domestic legislation that may address the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as limit their participation in DDR processes, in particular the penal code, criminal procedure code and counter-terrorism legislation. \\n DDR practitioners may wish to rely on domestic legislation to secure the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State, as appropriate and necessaryRed line \\n DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State. If there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner should seek legal advice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":283, "Sentence":"A Member State\u2019s domestic legislation has effect within the territory of that Member State.In order to determine a DDR participant\u2019s immediate rights and freedoms in the Member State, and\/or to find the domestic basis, within the State, to ensure the protection of the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries, the DDR practitioner will have to look towards the specific context of the Member State, i.e., the Member State\u2019s international obligations and its domestic legislation.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR member state \u2019 domestic legislation effect within territory member state.in order determine ddr participant \u2019 immediate right freedom member state and\/or find domestic basis within state ensure protection right ddr participant beneficiary ddr practitioner look towards specific context member state i.e . member state \u2019 international obligation domestic legislation ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Member States\u2019 international obligations and domestic legal framework ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A Member State\u2019s international obligations are usually translated into domestic legislation. A Member State\u2019s domestic legislation has effect within the territory of that Member State.In order to determine a DDR participant\u2019s immediate rights and freedoms in the Member State, and\/or to find the domestic basis, within the State, to ensure the protection of the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries, the DDR practitioner will have to look towards the specific context of the Member State, i.e., the Member State\u2019s international obligations and its domestic legislation. This is despite the fact that the UN DDR practitioner is guided by the international law principles set out above in the conduct of the Organization\u2019s activities, or that the DDR practitioner may wish to engage with Member States to ensure that their treatment of DDR participants and beneficiaries is in line with their international obligations.For example, the following issues would usually be addressed in a Member State\u2019s domestic legislation, in particular its constitution and criminal procedure code: \\n Length of pretrial detention; \\n Due process rights; \\n Protections and procedure with regard to investigations and prosecutions of alleged crimes, and \\n Criminal penaltiesSimilarly, in order to understand how the Member State has decided to implement the above Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism, as well as relevant resolutions on organized crimes, DDR practitioners will have to look towards domestic legislation, in particular, to understand the acts that would constitute crimes in the Member State in which they work.For the purposes of DDR, it is thus important to have an understanding of the Member State that the UN DDR practitioner is operating in, in particular, 1) the Member State\u2019s international obligations, including the international conventions that the Member State has signed and ratified; and 2) the relevant protections provided for under the Member State\u2019s domestic legislation that the UN DDR practitioner can rely upon to help ensure the protection of DDR participants\u2019 rights and freedomsSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international conventions that the Member State, in which they operate, has signed and ratified. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of domestic legislation that may address the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as limit their participation in DDR processes, in particular the penal code, criminal procedure code and counter-terrorism legislation. \\n DDR practitioners may wish to rely on domestic legislation to secure the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State, as appropriate and necessaryRed line \\n DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State. If there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner should seek legal advice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":283, "Sentence":"This is despite the fact that the UN DDR practitioner is guided by the international law principles set out above in the conduct of the Organization\u2019s activities, or that the DDR practitioner may wish to engage with Member States to ensure that their treatment of DDR participants and beneficiaries is in line with their international obligations.For example, the following issues would usually be addressed in a Member State\u2019s domestic legislation, in particular its constitution and criminal procedure code: \\n Length of pretrial detention; \\n Due process rights; \\n Protections and procedure with regard to investigations and prosecutions of alleged crimes, and \\n Criminal penaltiesSimilarly, in order to understand how the Member State has decided to implement the above Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism, as well as relevant resolutions on organized crimes, DDR practitioners will have to look towards domestic legislation, in particular, to understand the acts that would constitute crimes in the Member State in which they work.For the purposes of DDR, it is thus important to have an understanding of the Member State that the UN DDR practitioner is operating in, in particular, 1) the Member State\u2019s international obligations, including the international conventions that the Member State has signed and ratified; and 2) the relevant protections provided for under the Member State\u2019s domestic legislation that the UN DDR practitioner can rely upon to help ensure the protection of DDR participants\u2019 rights and freedomsSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international conventions that the Member State, in which they operate, has signed and ratified.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR despite fact un ddr practitioner guided international law principle set conduct organization \u2019 activity ddr practitioner may wish engage member state ensure treatment ddr participant beneficiary line international obligations.for example following issue would usually addressed member state \u2019 domestic legislation particular constitution criminal procedure code n length pretrial detention n due process right n protection procedure regard investigation prosecution alleged crime n criminal penaltiessimilarly order understand member state decided implement security council resolution counterterrorism well relevant resolution organized crime ddr practitioner look towards domestic legislation particular understand act would constitute crime member state work.for purpose ddr thus important understanding member state un ddr practitioner operating particular 1 member state \u2019 international obligation including international convention member state signed ratified 2 relevant protection provided member state \u2019 domestic legislation un ddr practitioner rely upon help ensure protection ddr participant \u2019 right freedomsspecific guiding principle n ddr practitioner aware international convention member state operate signed ratified ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Member States\u2019 international obligations and domestic legal framework ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A Member State\u2019s international obligations are usually translated into domestic legislation. A Member State\u2019s domestic legislation has effect within the territory of that Member State.In order to determine a DDR participant\u2019s immediate rights and freedoms in the Member State, and\/or to find the domestic basis, within the State, to ensure the protection of the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries, the DDR practitioner will have to look towards the specific context of the Member State, i.e., the Member State\u2019s international obligations and its domestic legislation. This is despite the fact that the UN DDR practitioner is guided by the international law principles set out above in the conduct of the Organization\u2019s activities, or that the DDR practitioner may wish to engage with Member States to ensure that their treatment of DDR participants and beneficiaries is in line with their international obligations.For example, the following issues would usually be addressed in a Member State\u2019s domestic legislation, in particular its constitution and criminal procedure code: \\n Length of pretrial detention; \\n Due process rights; \\n Protections and procedure with regard to investigations and prosecutions of alleged crimes, and \\n Criminal penaltiesSimilarly, in order to understand how the Member State has decided to implement the above Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism, as well as relevant resolutions on organized crimes, DDR practitioners will have to look towards domestic legislation, in particular, to understand the acts that would constitute crimes in the Member State in which they work.For the purposes of DDR, it is thus important to have an understanding of the Member State that the UN DDR practitioner is operating in, in particular, 1) the Member State\u2019s international obligations, including the international conventions that the Member State has signed and ratified; and 2) the relevant protections provided for under the Member State\u2019s domestic legislation that the UN DDR practitioner can rely upon to help ensure the protection of DDR participants\u2019 rights and freedomsSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international conventions that the Member State, in which they operate, has signed and ratified. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of domestic legislation that may address the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as limit their participation in DDR processes, in particular the penal code, criminal procedure code and counter-terrorism legislation. \\n DDR practitioners may wish to rely on domestic legislation to secure the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State, as appropriate and necessaryRed line \\n DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State. If there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner should seek legal advice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":283, "Sentence":"\\n DDR practitioners should be aware of domestic legislation that may address the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as limit their participation in DDR processes, in particular the penal code, criminal procedure code and counter-terrorism legislation.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n ddr practitioner aware domestic legislation may address right freedom ddr participant beneficiary well limit participation ddr process particular penal code criminal procedure code counterterrorism legislation ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Member States\u2019 international obligations and domestic legal framework ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A Member State\u2019s international obligations are usually translated into domestic legislation. A Member State\u2019s domestic legislation has effect within the territory of that Member State.In order to determine a DDR participant\u2019s immediate rights and freedoms in the Member State, and\/or to find the domestic basis, within the State, to ensure the protection of the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries, the DDR practitioner will have to look towards the specific context of the Member State, i.e., the Member State\u2019s international obligations and its domestic legislation. This is despite the fact that the UN DDR practitioner is guided by the international law principles set out above in the conduct of the Organization\u2019s activities, or that the DDR practitioner may wish to engage with Member States to ensure that their treatment of DDR participants and beneficiaries is in line with their international obligations.For example, the following issues would usually be addressed in a Member State\u2019s domestic legislation, in particular its constitution and criminal procedure code: \\n Length of pretrial detention; \\n Due process rights; \\n Protections and procedure with regard to investigations and prosecutions of alleged crimes, and \\n Criminal penaltiesSimilarly, in order to understand how the Member State has decided to implement the above Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism, as well as relevant resolutions on organized crimes, DDR practitioners will have to look towards domestic legislation, in particular, to understand the acts that would constitute crimes in the Member State in which they work.For the purposes of DDR, it is thus important to have an understanding of the Member State that the UN DDR practitioner is operating in, in particular, 1) the Member State\u2019s international obligations, including the international conventions that the Member State has signed and ratified; and 2) the relevant protections provided for under the Member State\u2019s domestic legislation that the UN DDR practitioner can rely upon to help ensure the protection of DDR participants\u2019 rights and freedomsSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international conventions that the Member State, in which they operate, has signed and ratified. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of domestic legislation that may address the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as limit their participation in DDR processes, in particular the penal code, criminal procedure code and counter-terrorism legislation. \\n DDR practitioners may wish to rely on domestic legislation to secure the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State, as appropriate and necessaryRed line \\n DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State. If there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner should seek legal advice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":283, "Sentence":"\\n DDR practitioners may wish to rely on domestic legislation to secure the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State, as appropriate and necessaryRed line \\n DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n ddr practitioner may wish rely domestic legislation secure right freedom ddr participant beneficiary within member state appropriate necessaryred line n ddr practitioner shall respect national law host state ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Member States\u2019 international obligations and domestic legal framework ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A Member State\u2019s international obligations are usually translated into domestic legislation. A Member State\u2019s domestic legislation has effect within the territory of that Member State.In order to determine a DDR participant\u2019s immediate rights and freedoms in the Member State, and\/or to find the domestic basis, within the State, to ensure the protection of the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries, the DDR practitioner will have to look towards the specific context of the Member State, i.e., the Member State\u2019s international obligations and its domestic legislation. This is despite the fact that the UN DDR practitioner is guided by the international law principles set out above in the conduct of the Organization\u2019s activities, or that the DDR practitioner may wish to engage with Member States to ensure that their treatment of DDR participants and beneficiaries is in line with their international obligations.For example, the following issues would usually be addressed in a Member State\u2019s domestic legislation, in particular its constitution and criminal procedure code: \\n Length of pretrial detention; \\n Due process rights; \\n Protections and procedure with regard to investigations and prosecutions of alleged crimes, and \\n Criminal penaltiesSimilarly, in order to understand how the Member State has decided to implement the above Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism, as well as relevant resolutions on organized crimes, DDR practitioners will have to look towards domestic legislation, in particular, to understand the acts that would constitute crimes in the Member State in which they work.For the purposes of DDR, it is thus important to have an understanding of the Member State that the UN DDR practitioner is operating in, in particular, 1) the Member State\u2019s international obligations, including the international conventions that the Member State has signed and ratified; and 2) the relevant protections provided for under the Member State\u2019s domestic legislation that the UN DDR practitioner can rely upon to help ensure the protection of DDR participants\u2019 rights and freedomsSpecific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of the international conventions that the Member State, in which they operate, has signed and ratified. \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of domestic legislation that may address the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as limit their participation in DDR processes, in particular the penal code, criminal procedure code and counter-terrorism legislation. \\n DDR practitioners may wish to rely on domestic legislation to secure the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State, as appropriate and necessaryRed line \\n DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State. If there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner should seek legal advice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":283, "Sentence":"If there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner should seek legal advice.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR concern regarding obligation respect host state \u2019 law activity ddr practitioner ddr practitioner seek legal advice ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Internal rules, policies and procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The UN has adopted a number of internal rules, policies and procedures. Other actors in the broader UN system also have similar rules, policies and procedures.Such rules, policies and procedures are binding internally. They typically also serve to signal to external parties the UN system\u2019s expectations regarding the behaviour of those to whom it provides assistance.The general guide for UN-supported DDR processes is the UN IDDRS. Other internal documents that may be relevant to DDR processes include the following: \\n The UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP) (A\/67\/775-S\/2013\/110) governs the UN\u2019s provision of support to non-UN security forces, which could include the provision of support to national DDR processes if such processes or their programmes are being implemented by security forces, or if there is any repatriation of DDR participants and beneficiaries by security forces. The HRDDP requires UN entities that are contemplating providing support to non-UN security forces to take certain due diligence, compliance and monitoring measures with the aim of ensuring that receiving entities do not commit grave violations of international humanitarian law, international human rights law or refugee law. Where there are substantial grounds for believing that grave violations are occurring or have occurred, involving security forces to which support is being provided by the UN, the UN shall intercede with the competent authorities to bring such violations to an end and\/or seek accountability in respect of them. For further information, please refer to the Guidance Note for the implementation of the HRDDP.28 \\n The Secretary-General issued a bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (ST\/SGB\/2003\/13), which applies to the staff of all UN departments, programmes, funds and agencies, prohibiting them from committing acts of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. In line with the UN Staff Regulations and Rules, sexual exploitation and sexual abuse constitute acts of serious misconduct and are therefore grounds for disciplinary measures, including dismissal. Further, UN staff are obliged to create and maintain an environment that prevents sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Managers at all levels have a particular responsibility to support and develop systems that maintain this environment.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of and follow relevant internal rules, policies and procedures at all stages of the DDR process. \\n DDR practitioners in management positions shall ensure that team members are kept up to date on the most recent developments in the internal rules, policies and procedures, and that managers and team members complete all necessary training and coursesRed line \\n Violation of the UN internal rules, policies and procedures could lead to harm to the UN, and may lead to disciplinary measures for DDR practitioners.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":284, "Sentence":"The UN has adopted a number of internal rules, policies and procedures.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR un adopted number internal rule policy procedure ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Internal rules, policies and procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The UN has adopted a number of internal rules, policies and procedures. Other actors in the broader UN system also have similar rules, policies and procedures.Such rules, policies and procedures are binding internally. They typically also serve to signal to external parties the UN system\u2019s expectations regarding the behaviour of those to whom it provides assistance.The general guide for UN-supported DDR processes is the UN IDDRS. Other internal documents that may be relevant to DDR processes include the following: \\n The UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP) (A\/67\/775-S\/2013\/110) governs the UN\u2019s provision of support to non-UN security forces, which could include the provision of support to national DDR processes if such processes or their programmes are being implemented by security forces, or if there is any repatriation of DDR participants and beneficiaries by security forces. The HRDDP requires UN entities that are contemplating providing support to non-UN security forces to take certain due diligence, compliance and monitoring measures with the aim of ensuring that receiving entities do not commit grave violations of international humanitarian law, international human rights law or refugee law. Where there are substantial grounds for believing that grave violations are occurring or have occurred, involving security forces to which support is being provided by the UN, the UN shall intercede with the competent authorities to bring such violations to an end and\/or seek accountability in respect of them. For further information, please refer to the Guidance Note for the implementation of the HRDDP.28 \\n The Secretary-General issued a bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (ST\/SGB\/2003\/13), which applies to the staff of all UN departments, programmes, funds and agencies, prohibiting them from committing acts of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. In line with the UN Staff Regulations and Rules, sexual exploitation and sexual abuse constitute acts of serious misconduct and are therefore grounds for disciplinary measures, including dismissal. Further, UN staff are obliged to create and maintain an environment that prevents sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Managers at all levels have a particular responsibility to support and develop systems that maintain this environment.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of and follow relevant internal rules, policies and procedures at all stages of the DDR process. \\n DDR practitioners in management positions shall ensure that team members are kept up to date on the most recent developments in the internal rules, policies and procedures, and that managers and team members complete all necessary training and coursesRed line \\n Violation of the UN internal rules, policies and procedures could lead to harm to the UN, and may lead to disciplinary measures for DDR practitioners.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":284, "Sentence":"Other actors in the broader UN system also have similar rules, policies and procedures.Such rules, policies and procedures are binding internally.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR actor broader un system also similar rule policy procedures.such rule policy procedure binding internally ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Internal rules, policies and procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The UN has adopted a number of internal rules, policies and procedures. Other actors in the broader UN system also have similar rules, policies and procedures.Such rules, policies and procedures are binding internally. They typically also serve to signal to external parties the UN system\u2019s expectations regarding the behaviour of those to whom it provides assistance.The general guide for UN-supported DDR processes is the UN IDDRS. Other internal documents that may be relevant to DDR processes include the following: \\n The UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP) (A\/67\/775-S\/2013\/110) governs the UN\u2019s provision of support to non-UN security forces, which could include the provision of support to national DDR processes if such processes or their programmes are being implemented by security forces, or if there is any repatriation of DDR participants and beneficiaries by security forces. The HRDDP requires UN entities that are contemplating providing support to non-UN security forces to take certain due diligence, compliance and monitoring measures with the aim of ensuring that receiving entities do not commit grave violations of international humanitarian law, international human rights law or refugee law. Where there are substantial grounds for believing that grave violations are occurring or have occurred, involving security forces to which support is being provided by the UN, the UN shall intercede with the competent authorities to bring such violations to an end and\/or seek accountability in respect of them. For further information, please refer to the Guidance Note for the implementation of the HRDDP.28 \\n The Secretary-General issued a bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (ST\/SGB\/2003\/13), which applies to the staff of all UN departments, programmes, funds and agencies, prohibiting them from committing acts of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. In line with the UN Staff Regulations and Rules, sexual exploitation and sexual abuse constitute acts of serious misconduct and are therefore grounds for disciplinary measures, including dismissal. Further, UN staff are obliged to create and maintain an environment that prevents sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Managers at all levels have a particular responsibility to support and develop systems that maintain this environment.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of and follow relevant internal rules, policies and procedures at all stages of the DDR process. \\n DDR practitioners in management positions shall ensure that team members are kept up to date on the most recent developments in the internal rules, policies and procedures, and that managers and team members complete all necessary training and coursesRed line \\n Violation of the UN internal rules, policies and procedures could lead to harm to the UN, and may lead to disciplinary measures for DDR practitioners.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":284, "Sentence":"They typically also serve to signal to external parties the UN system\u2019s expectations regarding the behaviour of those to whom it provides assistance.The general guide for UN-supported DDR processes is the UN IDDRS.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR typically also serve signal external party un system \u2019 expectation regarding behaviour provides assistance.the general guide unsupported ddr process un iddrs ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Internal rules, policies and procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The UN has adopted a number of internal rules, policies and procedures. Other actors in the broader UN system also have similar rules, policies and procedures.Such rules, policies and procedures are binding internally. They typically also serve to signal to external parties the UN system\u2019s expectations regarding the behaviour of those to whom it provides assistance.The general guide for UN-supported DDR processes is the UN IDDRS. Other internal documents that may be relevant to DDR processes include the following: \\n The UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP) (A\/67\/775-S\/2013\/110) governs the UN\u2019s provision of support to non-UN security forces, which could include the provision of support to national DDR processes if such processes or their programmes are being implemented by security forces, or if there is any repatriation of DDR participants and beneficiaries by security forces. The HRDDP requires UN entities that are contemplating providing support to non-UN security forces to take certain due diligence, compliance and monitoring measures with the aim of ensuring that receiving entities do not commit grave violations of international humanitarian law, international human rights law or refugee law. Where there are substantial grounds for believing that grave violations are occurring or have occurred, involving security forces to which support is being provided by the UN, the UN shall intercede with the competent authorities to bring such violations to an end and\/or seek accountability in respect of them. For further information, please refer to the Guidance Note for the implementation of the HRDDP.28 \\n The Secretary-General issued a bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (ST\/SGB\/2003\/13), which applies to the staff of all UN departments, programmes, funds and agencies, prohibiting them from committing acts of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. In line with the UN Staff Regulations and Rules, sexual exploitation and sexual abuse constitute acts of serious misconduct and are therefore grounds for disciplinary measures, including dismissal. Further, UN staff are obliged to create and maintain an environment that prevents sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Managers at all levels have a particular responsibility to support and develop systems that maintain this environment.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of and follow relevant internal rules, policies and procedures at all stages of the DDR process. \\n DDR practitioners in management positions shall ensure that team members are kept up to date on the most recent developments in the internal rules, policies and procedures, and that managers and team members complete all necessary training and coursesRed line \\n Violation of the UN internal rules, policies and procedures could lead to harm to the UN, and may lead to disciplinary measures for DDR practitioners.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":284, "Sentence":"Other internal documents that may be relevant to DDR processes include the following: \\n The UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP) (A\/67\/775-S\/2013\/110) governs the UN\u2019s provision of support to non-UN security forces, which could include the provision of support to national DDR processes if such processes or their programmes are being implemented by security forces, or if there is any repatriation of DDR participants and beneficiaries by security forces.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR internal document may relevant ddr process include following n un human right due diligence policy hrddp a\/67\/775s\/2013\/110 governs un \u2019 provision support nonun security force could include provision support national ddr process process programme implemented security force repatriation ddr participant beneficiary security force ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Internal rules, policies and procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The UN has adopted a number of internal rules, policies and procedures. Other actors in the broader UN system also have similar rules, policies and procedures.Such rules, policies and procedures are binding internally. They typically also serve to signal to external parties the UN system\u2019s expectations regarding the behaviour of those to whom it provides assistance.The general guide for UN-supported DDR processes is the UN IDDRS. Other internal documents that may be relevant to DDR processes include the following: \\n The UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP) (A\/67\/775-S\/2013\/110) governs the UN\u2019s provision of support to non-UN security forces, which could include the provision of support to national DDR processes if such processes or their programmes are being implemented by security forces, or if there is any repatriation of DDR participants and beneficiaries by security forces. The HRDDP requires UN entities that are contemplating providing support to non-UN security forces to take certain due diligence, compliance and monitoring measures with the aim of ensuring that receiving entities do not commit grave violations of international humanitarian law, international human rights law or refugee law. Where there are substantial grounds for believing that grave violations are occurring or have occurred, involving security forces to which support is being provided by the UN, the UN shall intercede with the competent authorities to bring such violations to an end and\/or seek accountability in respect of them. For further information, please refer to the Guidance Note for the implementation of the HRDDP.28 \\n The Secretary-General issued a bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (ST\/SGB\/2003\/13), which applies to the staff of all UN departments, programmes, funds and agencies, prohibiting them from committing acts of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. In line with the UN Staff Regulations and Rules, sexual exploitation and sexual abuse constitute acts of serious misconduct and are therefore grounds for disciplinary measures, including dismissal. Further, UN staff are obliged to create and maintain an environment that prevents sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Managers at all levels have a particular responsibility to support and develop systems that maintain this environment.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of and follow relevant internal rules, policies and procedures at all stages of the DDR process. \\n DDR practitioners in management positions shall ensure that team members are kept up to date on the most recent developments in the internal rules, policies and procedures, and that managers and team members complete all necessary training and coursesRed line \\n Violation of the UN internal rules, policies and procedures could lead to harm to the UN, and may lead to disciplinary measures for DDR practitioners.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":284, "Sentence":"The HRDDP requires UN entities that are contemplating providing support to non-UN security forces to take certain due diligence, compliance and monitoring measures with the aim of ensuring that receiving entities do not commit grave violations of international humanitarian law, international human rights law or refugee law.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR hrddp requires un entity contemplating providing support nonun security force take certain due diligence compliance monitoring measure aim ensuring receiving entity commit grave violation international humanitarian law international human right law refugee law ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Internal rules, policies and procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The UN has adopted a number of internal rules, policies and procedures. Other actors in the broader UN system also have similar rules, policies and procedures.Such rules, policies and procedures are binding internally. They typically also serve to signal to external parties the UN system\u2019s expectations regarding the behaviour of those to whom it provides assistance.The general guide for UN-supported DDR processes is the UN IDDRS. Other internal documents that may be relevant to DDR processes include the following: \\n The UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP) (A\/67\/775-S\/2013\/110) governs the UN\u2019s provision of support to non-UN security forces, which could include the provision of support to national DDR processes if such processes or their programmes are being implemented by security forces, or if there is any repatriation of DDR participants and beneficiaries by security forces. The HRDDP requires UN entities that are contemplating providing support to non-UN security forces to take certain due diligence, compliance and monitoring measures with the aim of ensuring that receiving entities do not commit grave violations of international humanitarian law, international human rights law or refugee law. Where there are substantial grounds for believing that grave violations are occurring or have occurred, involving security forces to which support is being provided by the UN, the UN shall intercede with the competent authorities to bring such violations to an end and\/or seek accountability in respect of them. For further information, please refer to the Guidance Note for the implementation of the HRDDP.28 \\n The Secretary-General issued a bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (ST\/SGB\/2003\/13), which applies to the staff of all UN departments, programmes, funds and agencies, prohibiting them from committing acts of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. In line with the UN Staff Regulations and Rules, sexual exploitation and sexual abuse constitute acts of serious misconduct and are therefore grounds for disciplinary measures, including dismissal. Further, UN staff are obliged to create and maintain an environment that prevents sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Managers at all levels have a particular responsibility to support and develop systems that maintain this environment.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of and follow relevant internal rules, policies and procedures at all stages of the DDR process. \\n DDR practitioners in management positions shall ensure that team members are kept up to date on the most recent developments in the internal rules, policies and procedures, and that managers and team members complete all necessary training and coursesRed line \\n Violation of the UN internal rules, policies and procedures could lead to harm to the UN, and may lead to disciplinary measures for DDR practitioners.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":284, "Sentence":"Where there are substantial grounds for believing that grave violations are occurring or have occurred, involving security forces to which support is being provided by the UN, the UN shall intercede with the competent authorities to bring such violations to an end and\/or seek accountability in respect of them.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR substantial ground believing grave violation occurring occurred involving security force support provided un un shall intercede competent authority bring violation end and\/or seek accountability respect ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Internal rules, policies and procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The UN has adopted a number of internal rules, policies and procedures. Other actors in the broader UN system also have similar rules, policies and procedures.Such rules, policies and procedures are binding internally. They typically also serve to signal to external parties the UN system\u2019s expectations regarding the behaviour of those to whom it provides assistance.The general guide for UN-supported DDR processes is the UN IDDRS. Other internal documents that may be relevant to DDR processes include the following: \\n The UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP) (A\/67\/775-S\/2013\/110) governs the UN\u2019s provision of support to non-UN security forces, which could include the provision of support to national DDR processes if such processes or their programmes are being implemented by security forces, or if there is any repatriation of DDR participants and beneficiaries by security forces. The HRDDP requires UN entities that are contemplating providing support to non-UN security forces to take certain due diligence, compliance and monitoring measures with the aim of ensuring that receiving entities do not commit grave violations of international humanitarian law, international human rights law or refugee law. Where there are substantial grounds for believing that grave violations are occurring or have occurred, involving security forces to which support is being provided by the UN, the UN shall intercede with the competent authorities to bring such violations to an end and\/or seek accountability in respect of them. For further information, please refer to the Guidance Note for the implementation of the HRDDP.28 \\n The Secretary-General issued a bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (ST\/SGB\/2003\/13), which applies to the staff of all UN departments, programmes, funds and agencies, prohibiting them from committing acts of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. In line with the UN Staff Regulations and Rules, sexual exploitation and sexual abuse constitute acts of serious misconduct and are therefore grounds for disciplinary measures, including dismissal. Further, UN staff are obliged to create and maintain an environment that prevents sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Managers at all levels have a particular responsibility to support and develop systems that maintain this environment.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of and follow relevant internal rules, policies and procedures at all stages of the DDR process. \\n DDR practitioners in management positions shall ensure that team members are kept up to date on the most recent developments in the internal rules, policies and procedures, and that managers and team members complete all necessary training and coursesRed line \\n Violation of the UN internal rules, policies and procedures could lead to harm to the UN, and may lead to disciplinary measures for DDR practitioners.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":284, "Sentence":"For further information, please refer to the Guidance Note for the implementation of the HRDDP.28 \\n The Secretary-General issued a bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (ST\/SGB\/2003\/13), which applies to the staff of all UN departments, programmes, funds and agencies, prohibiting them from committing acts of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR information please refer guidance note implementation hrddp.28 n secretarygeneral issued bulletin special measure protection sexual exploitation sexual abuse st\/sgb\/2003\/13 applies staff un department programme fund agency prohibiting committing act sexual exploitation sexual abuse ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Internal rules, policies and procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The UN has adopted a number of internal rules, policies and procedures. Other actors in the broader UN system also have similar rules, policies and procedures.Such rules, policies and procedures are binding internally. They typically also serve to signal to external parties the UN system\u2019s expectations regarding the behaviour of those to whom it provides assistance.The general guide for UN-supported DDR processes is the UN IDDRS. Other internal documents that may be relevant to DDR processes include the following: \\n The UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP) (A\/67\/775-S\/2013\/110) governs the UN\u2019s provision of support to non-UN security forces, which could include the provision of support to national DDR processes if such processes or their programmes are being implemented by security forces, or if there is any repatriation of DDR participants and beneficiaries by security forces. The HRDDP requires UN entities that are contemplating providing support to non-UN security forces to take certain due diligence, compliance and monitoring measures with the aim of ensuring that receiving entities do not commit grave violations of international humanitarian law, international human rights law or refugee law. Where there are substantial grounds for believing that grave violations are occurring or have occurred, involving security forces to which support is being provided by the UN, the UN shall intercede with the competent authorities to bring such violations to an end and\/or seek accountability in respect of them. For further information, please refer to the Guidance Note for the implementation of the HRDDP.28 \\n The Secretary-General issued a bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (ST\/SGB\/2003\/13), which applies to the staff of all UN departments, programmes, funds and agencies, prohibiting them from committing acts of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. In line with the UN Staff Regulations and Rules, sexual exploitation and sexual abuse constitute acts of serious misconduct and are therefore grounds for disciplinary measures, including dismissal. Further, UN staff are obliged to create and maintain an environment that prevents sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Managers at all levels have a particular responsibility to support and develop systems that maintain this environment.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of and follow relevant internal rules, policies and procedures at all stages of the DDR process. \\n DDR practitioners in management positions shall ensure that team members are kept up to date on the most recent developments in the internal rules, policies and procedures, and that managers and team members complete all necessary training and coursesRed line \\n Violation of the UN internal rules, policies and procedures could lead to harm to the UN, and may lead to disciplinary measures for DDR practitioners.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":284, "Sentence":"In line with the UN Staff Regulations and Rules, sexual exploitation and sexual abuse constitute acts of serious misconduct and are therefore grounds for disciplinary measures, including dismissal.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR line un staff regulation rule sexual exploitation sexual abuse constitute act serious misconduct therefore ground disciplinary measure including dismissal ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Internal rules, policies and procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The UN has adopted a number of internal rules, policies and procedures. Other actors in the broader UN system also have similar rules, policies and procedures.Such rules, policies and procedures are binding internally. They typically also serve to signal to external parties the UN system\u2019s expectations regarding the behaviour of those to whom it provides assistance.The general guide for UN-supported DDR processes is the UN IDDRS. Other internal documents that may be relevant to DDR processes include the following: \\n The UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP) (A\/67\/775-S\/2013\/110) governs the UN\u2019s provision of support to non-UN security forces, which could include the provision of support to national DDR processes if such processes or their programmes are being implemented by security forces, or if there is any repatriation of DDR participants and beneficiaries by security forces. The HRDDP requires UN entities that are contemplating providing support to non-UN security forces to take certain due diligence, compliance and monitoring measures with the aim of ensuring that receiving entities do not commit grave violations of international humanitarian law, international human rights law or refugee law. Where there are substantial grounds for believing that grave violations are occurring or have occurred, involving security forces to which support is being provided by the UN, the UN shall intercede with the competent authorities to bring such violations to an end and\/or seek accountability in respect of them. For further information, please refer to the Guidance Note for the implementation of the HRDDP.28 \\n The Secretary-General issued a bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (ST\/SGB\/2003\/13), which applies to the staff of all UN departments, programmes, funds and agencies, prohibiting them from committing acts of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. In line with the UN Staff Regulations and Rules, sexual exploitation and sexual abuse constitute acts of serious misconduct and are therefore grounds for disciplinary measures, including dismissal. Further, UN staff are obliged to create and maintain an environment that prevents sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Managers at all levels have a particular responsibility to support and develop systems that maintain this environment.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of and follow relevant internal rules, policies and procedures at all stages of the DDR process. \\n DDR practitioners in management positions shall ensure that team members are kept up to date on the most recent developments in the internal rules, policies and procedures, and that managers and team members complete all necessary training and coursesRed line \\n Violation of the UN internal rules, policies and procedures could lead to harm to the UN, and may lead to disciplinary measures for DDR practitioners.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":284, "Sentence":"Further, UN staff are obliged to create and maintain an environment that prevents sexual exploitation and sexual abuse.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR un staff obliged create maintain environment prevents sexual exploitation sexual abuse ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Internal rules, policies and procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The UN has adopted a number of internal rules, policies and procedures. Other actors in the broader UN system also have similar rules, policies and procedures.Such rules, policies and procedures are binding internally. They typically also serve to signal to external parties the UN system\u2019s expectations regarding the behaviour of those to whom it provides assistance.The general guide for UN-supported DDR processes is the UN IDDRS. Other internal documents that may be relevant to DDR processes include the following: \\n The UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP) (A\/67\/775-S\/2013\/110) governs the UN\u2019s provision of support to non-UN security forces, which could include the provision of support to national DDR processes if such processes or their programmes are being implemented by security forces, or if there is any repatriation of DDR participants and beneficiaries by security forces. The HRDDP requires UN entities that are contemplating providing support to non-UN security forces to take certain due diligence, compliance and monitoring measures with the aim of ensuring that receiving entities do not commit grave violations of international humanitarian law, international human rights law or refugee law. Where there are substantial grounds for believing that grave violations are occurring or have occurred, involving security forces to which support is being provided by the UN, the UN shall intercede with the competent authorities to bring such violations to an end and\/or seek accountability in respect of them. For further information, please refer to the Guidance Note for the implementation of the HRDDP.28 \\n The Secretary-General issued a bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (ST\/SGB\/2003\/13), which applies to the staff of all UN departments, programmes, funds and agencies, prohibiting them from committing acts of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. In line with the UN Staff Regulations and Rules, sexual exploitation and sexual abuse constitute acts of serious misconduct and are therefore grounds for disciplinary measures, including dismissal. Further, UN staff are obliged to create and maintain an environment that prevents sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Managers at all levels have a particular responsibility to support and develop systems that maintain this environment.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of and follow relevant internal rules, policies and procedures at all stages of the DDR process. \\n DDR practitioners in management positions shall ensure that team members are kept up to date on the most recent developments in the internal rules, policies and procedures, and that managers and team members complete all necessary training and coursesRed line \\n Violation of the UN internal rules, policies and procedures could lead to harm to the UN, and may lead to disciplinary measures for DDR practitioners.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":284, "Sentence":"Managers at all levels have a particular responsibility to support and develop systems that maintain this environment.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of and follow relevant internal rules, policies and procedures at all stages of the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR manager level particular responsibility support develop system maintain environment.specific guiding principle n ddr practitioner aware follow relevant internal rule policy procedure stage ddr process ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Internal rules, policies and procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The UN has adopted a number of internal rules, policies and procedures. Other actors in the broader UN system also have similar rules, policies and procedures.Such rules, policies and procedures are binding internally. They typically also serve to signal to external parties the UN system\u2019s expectations regarding the behaviour of those to whom it provides assistance.The general guide for UN-supported DDR processes is the UN IDDRS. Other internal documents that may be relevant to DDR processes include the following: \\n The UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP) (A\/67\/775-S\/2013\/110) governs the UN\u2019s provision of support to non-UN security forces, which could include the provision of support to national DDR processes if such processes or their programmes are being implemented by security forces, or if there is any repatriation of DDR participants and beneficiaries by security forces. The HRDDP requires UN entities that are contemplating providing support to non-UN security forces to take certain due diligence, compliance and monitoring measures with the aim of ensuring that receiving entities do not commit grave violations of international humanitarian law, international human rights law or refugee law. Where there are substantial grounds for believing that grave violations are occurring or have occurred, involving security forces to which support is being provided by the UN, the UN shall intercede with the competent authorities to bring such violations to an end and\/or seek accountability in respect of them. For further information, please refer to the Guidance Note for the implementation of the HRDDP.28 \\n The Secretary-General issued a bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (ST\/SGB\/2003\/13), which applies to the staff of all UN departments, programmes, funds and agencies, prohibiting them from committing acts of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. In line with the UN Staff Regulations and Rules, sexual exploitation and sexual abuse constitute acts of serious misconduct and are therefore grounds for disciplinary measures, including dismissal. Further, UN staff are obliged to create and maintain an environment that prevents sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Managers at all levels have a particular responsibility to support and develop systems that maintain this environment.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should be aware of and follow relevant internal rules, policies and procedures at all stages of the DDR process. \\n DDR practitioners in management positions shall ensure that team members are kept up to date on the most recent developments in the internal rules, policies and procedures, and that managers and team members complete all necessary training and coursesRed line \\n Violation of the UN internal rules, policies and procedures could lead to harm to the UN, and may lead to disciplinary measures for DDR practitioners.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":284, "Sentence":"\\n DDR practitioners in management positions shall ensure that team members are kept up to date on the most recent developments in the internal rules, policies and procedures, and that managers and team members complete all necessary training and coursesRed line \\n Violation of the UN internal rules, policies and procedures could lead to harm to the UN, and may lead to disciplinary measures for DDR practitioners.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n ddr practitioner management position shall ensure team member kept date recent development internal rule policy procedure manager team member complete necessary training coursesred line n violation un internal rule policy procedure could lead harm un may lead disciplinary measure ddr practitioner ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Status, privileges and immunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d. Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d.29 These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019). The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019).Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities. It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel.As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peace-keeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction. Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country.Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations. Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country.Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference. The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel.With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019). This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity. They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts.Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned. The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN.30 Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds.31The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN. The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST\/SGB\/2007\/6). Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information. \u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: \\n Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; \\n Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; \\n Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; \\n Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; \\n Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; \\n Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; \\n Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; \\n Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or \\n Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential.Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed.In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities.32In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel. For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN. \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice. \\n DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":285, "Sentence":"Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR charter organization enjoys \u201c territory member privilege immunity necessary fulfilment purpose \u201d ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Status, privileges and immunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d. Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d.29 These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019). The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019).Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities. It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel.As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peace-keeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction. Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country.Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations. Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country.Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference. The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel.With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019). This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity. They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts.Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned. The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN.30 Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds.31The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN. The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST\/SGB\/2007\/6). Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information. \u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: \\n Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; \\n Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; \\n Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; \\n Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; \\n Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; \\n Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; \\n Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; \\n Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or \\n Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential.Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed.In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities.32In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel. For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN. \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice. \\n DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":285, "Sentence":"Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d.29 These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR similarly un official \u201c enjoy privilege necessary independent exercise function connexion organization \u201d .29 charter provision implemented detailed manner convention privilege immunity united nation \u2018 general convention \u2019 ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Status, privileges and immunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d. Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d.29 These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019). The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019).Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities. It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel.As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peace-keeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction. Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country.Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations. Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country.Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference. The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel.With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019). This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity. They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts.Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned. The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN.30 Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds.31The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN. The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST\/SGB\/2007\/6). Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information. \u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: \\n Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; \\n Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; \\n Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; \\n Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; \\n Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; \\n Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; \\n Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; \\n Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or \\n Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential.Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed.In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities.32In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel. For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN. \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice. \\n DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":285, "Sentence":"The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019).Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR privilege immunity specialized agency separately set convention privilege immunity specialized agency \u2018 specialized agency convention \u2019 .furthermore privilege immunity un personnel may incorporated missionspecific statusofforces agreement sofa statusofmission agreement soma standard basic assistance agreement sbaas host country agreement similar agreement concluded organization host state allow secure effective implementation mandated activity ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Status, privileges and immunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d. Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d.29 These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019). The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019).Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities. It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel.As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peace-keeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction. Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country.Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations. Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country.Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference. The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel.With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019). This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity. They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts.Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned. The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN.30 Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds.31The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN. The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST\/SGB\/2007\/6). Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information. \u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: \\n Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; \\n Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; \\n Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; \\n Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; \\n Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; \\n Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; \\n Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; \\n Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or \\n Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential.Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed.In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities.32In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel. For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN. \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice. \\n DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":285, "Sentence":"It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel.As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peace-keeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR thus essential ddr practitioner refer relevant agreement determine privilege immunity relevant un system actor well personnel.as regard military personnel national contingent assigned un peacekeeping operation \u2019 military component sofa address legal status obligation military component host country including respect privilege immunity criminal jurisdiction ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Status, privileges and immunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d. Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d.29 These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019). The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019).Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities. It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel.As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peace-keeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction. Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country.Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations. Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country.Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference. The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel.With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019). This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity. They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts.Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned. The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN.30 Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds.31The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN. The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST\/SGB\/2007\/6). Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information. \u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: \\n Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; \\n Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; \\n Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; \\n Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; \\n Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; \\n Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; \\n Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; \\n Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or \\n Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential.Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed.In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities.32In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel. For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN. \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice. \\n DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":285, "Sentence":"Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country.Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR unlike category un personnel military member military contingent subject exclusive jurisdiction sending state respect criminal offence may commit host country.under sofa soma un peacekeeping operation mission well member shall respect local law regulation ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Status, privileges and immunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d. Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d.29 These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019). The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019).Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities. It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel.As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peace-keeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction. Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country.Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations. Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country.Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference. The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel.With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019). This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity. They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts.Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned. The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN.30 Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds.31The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN. The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST\/SGB\/2007\/6). Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information. \u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: \\n Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; \\n Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; \\n Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; \\n Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; \\n Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; \\n Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; \\n Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; \\n Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or \\n Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential.Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed.In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities.32In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel. For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN. \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice. \\n DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":285, "Sentence":"Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country.Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR similarly model host country agreement establishment office duty person enjoying privilege immunity accorded agreement respect law regulation host country.specifically general convention provides certain privilege immunity un well official fulfilment organization \u2019 purpose allow personnel conduct official duty without interference ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Status, privileges and immunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d. Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d.29 These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019). The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019).Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities. It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel.As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peace-keeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction. Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country.Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations. Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country.Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference. The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel.With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019). This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity. They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts.Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned. The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN.30 Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds.31The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN. The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST\/SGB\/2007\/6). Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information. \u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: \\n Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; \\n Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; \\n Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; \\n Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; \\n Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; \\n Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; \\n Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; \\n Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or \\n Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential.Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed.In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities.32In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel. For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN. \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice. \\n DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":285, "Sentence":"The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel.With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR specialized agency convention similarly provides specialized agency personnel.with exception certain highranking official enjoy privilege immunity similar accorded diplomatic envoy international law un official expert mission well official specialized agency enjoy immunity legal process host state respect official function \u2018 functional immunity \u2019 ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Status, privileges and immunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d. Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d.29 These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019). The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019).Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities. It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel.As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peace-keeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction. Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country.Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations. Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country.Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference. The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel.With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019). This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity. They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts.Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned. The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN.30 Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds.31The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN. The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST\/SGB\/2007\/6). Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information. \u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: \\n Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; \\n Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; \\n Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; \\n Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; \\n Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; \\n Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; \\n Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; \\n Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or \\n Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential.Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed.In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities.32In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel. For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN. \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice. \\n DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":285, "Sentence":"This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR mean immune legal proceeding respect act done official capacity ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Status, privileges and immunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d. Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d.29 These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019). The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019).Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities. It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel.As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peace-keeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction. Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country.Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations. Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country.Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference. The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel.With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019). This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity. They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts.Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned. The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN.30 Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds.31The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN. The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST\/SGB\/2007\/6). Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information. \u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: \\n Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; \\n Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; \\n Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; \\n Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; \\n Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; \\n Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; \\n Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; \\n Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or \\n Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential.Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed.In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities.32In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel. For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN. \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice. \\n DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":285, "Sentence":"They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts.Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR enjoy immunity respect private acts.immunity granted un specialized agency personnel interest organization personal benefit individual concerned ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Status, privileges and immunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d. Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d.29 These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019). The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019).Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities. It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel.As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peace-keeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction. Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country.Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations. Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country.Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference. The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel.With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019). This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity. They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts.Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned. The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN.30 Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds.31The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN. The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST\/SGB\/2007\/6). Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information. \u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: \\n Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; \\n Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; \\n Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; \\n Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; \\n Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; \\n Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; \\n Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; \\n Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or \\n Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential.Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed.In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities.32In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel. For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN. \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice. \\n DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":285, "Sentence":"The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN.30 Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds.31The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR secretarygeneral right duty waive immunity un personnel opinion secretarygeneral immunity would impede course justice waived without prejudice interest un.30 specialized agency shall right duty waive immunity official grounds.31the general convention specialized agency convention also provide premise un specialized agency inviolable property asset archive un specialized agency wherever located whomsoever held shall immune search requisition confiscation expropriation form interference whether executive administrative judicial legislative action ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Status, privileges and immunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d. Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d.29 These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019). The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019).Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities. It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel.As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peace-keeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction. Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country.Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations. Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country.Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference. The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel.With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019). This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity. They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts.Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned. The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN.30 Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds.31The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN. The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST\/SGB\/2007\/6). Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information. \u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: \\n Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; \\n Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; \\n Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; \\n Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; \\n Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; \\n Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; \\n Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; \\n Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or \\n Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential.Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed.In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities.32In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel. For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN. \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice. \\n DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":285, "Sentence":"The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR archive un specialized agency general document belonging held shall inviolable wherever located.any request production disclosure un document public domain way official request member state government un ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Status, privileges and immunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d. Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d.29 These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019). The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019).Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities. It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel.As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peace-keeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction. Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country.Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations. Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country.Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference. The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel.With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019). This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity. They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts.Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned. The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN.30 Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds.31The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN. The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST\/SGB\/2007\/6). Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information. \u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: \\n Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; \\n Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; \\n Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; \\n Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; \\n Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; \\n Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; \\n Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; \\n Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or \\n Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential.Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed.In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities.32In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel. For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN. \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice. \\n DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":285, "Sentence":"The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST\/SGB\/2007\/6).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR sharing information regulated secretarygeneral \u2019 bulletin information sensitivity classification handling st\/sgb\/2007\/6 ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Status, privileges and immunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d. Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d.29 These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019). The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019).Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities. It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel.As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peace-keeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction. Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country.Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations. Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country.Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference. The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel.With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019). This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity. They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts.Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned. The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN.30 Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds.31The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN. The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST\/SGB\/2007\/6). Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information. \u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: \\n Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; \\n Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; \\n Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; \\n Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; \\n Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; \\n Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; \\n Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; \\n Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or \\n Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential.Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed.In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities.32In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel. For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN. \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice. \\n DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":285, "Sentence":"Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR pursuant bulletin document responsive request shall reviewed verify contain sensitive information ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Status, privileges and immunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d. Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d.29 These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019). The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019).Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities. It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel.As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peace-keeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction. Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country.Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations. Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country.Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference. The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel.With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019). This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity. They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts.Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned. The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN.30 Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds.31The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN. The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST\/SGB\/2007\/6). Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information. \u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: \\n Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; \\n Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; \\n Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; \\n Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; \\n Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; \\n Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; \\n Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; \\n Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or \\n Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential.Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed.In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities.32In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel. For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN. \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice. \\n DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":285, "Sentence":"\u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: \\n Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; \\n Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; \\n Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; \\n Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; \\n Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; \\n Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; \\n Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; \\n Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or \\n Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential.Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed.In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities.32In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR \u2018 sensitive \u2019 information mean n information received third party expectation confidentiality n information whose disclosure would endanger safety security individual n information whose disclosure would violate individual \u2019 right invade privacy n information whose disclosure likely endanger security member state n information whose disclosure would prejudice security proper conduct operation activity un n information covered legal privilege relating internal investigation n information whose disclosure would undermine organization \u2019 free independent decisionmaking process n commercial information whose disclosure would harm either financial interest un party involved n kind information content circumstance creation communication shall deemed confidential.documents contain sensitive information redacted prevent disclosure information practically possible disclosed.in accordance applicable legal framework un required cooperate time appropriate authority host state facilitate proper administration justice secure observance police regulation prevent occurrence abuse connection privilege immunity facilities.32in event uncertainty respect privilege immunity individual query directed relevant legal adviser mission field presence may refer matter legal counsel ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Status, privileges and immunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d. Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d.29 These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019). The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019).Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities. It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel.As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peace-keeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction. Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country.Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations. Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country.Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference. The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel.With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019). This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity. They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts.Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned. The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN.30 Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds.31The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN. The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST\/SGB\/2007\/6). Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information. \u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: \\n Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; \\n Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; \\n Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; \\n Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; \\n Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; \\n Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; \\n Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; \\n Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or \\n Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential.Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed.In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities.32In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel. For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN. \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice. \\n DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":285, "Sentence":"For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR specialized agency query directed legal adviser specialized agency.specific guiding principle n ddr practitioner seek legal advice relevant legal adviser mission field presence request production disclosure document information produced possession un ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Status, privileges and immunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d. Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d.29 These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019). The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019).Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities. It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel.As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peace-keeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction. Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country.Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations. Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country.Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference. The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel.With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019). This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity. They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts.Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned. The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN.30 Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds.31The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN. The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST\/SGB\/2007\/6). Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information. \u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: \\n Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; \\n Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; \\n Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; \\n Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; \\n Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; \\n Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; \\n Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; \\n Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or \\n Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential.Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed.In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities.32In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel. For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN. \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice. \\n DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":285, "Sentence":"\\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n ddr practitioner seek legal advice asked provide testimony participate interview interrogation national authorities.red line n ddr practitioner shall produce disclose document information produced possession un public domain without first seeking legal advice ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"4. General guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Status, privileges and immunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d. Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d.29 These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019). The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019).Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities. It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel.As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peace-keeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction. Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country.Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations. Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country.Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference. The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel.With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019). This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity. They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts.Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned. The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN.30 Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds.31The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located.Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN. The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST\/SGB\/2007\/6). Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information. \u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: \\n Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; \\n Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; \\n Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; \\n Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; \\n Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; \\n Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; \\n Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; \\n Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or \\n Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential.Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed.In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities.32In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel. For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency.Specific guiding principles \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN. \\n DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities.Red lines \\n DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice. \\n DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":285, "Sentence":"\\n DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n ddr practitioner shall provide testimony participate interview interrogation state authority without first seeking legal advice receiving authorization may require waiver immunity" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 1 source include among others international law source instrument well internal rule policy procedure ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n2 specifically first second geneva convention relate respectively improvement condition 1 wounded sick armed force field 2 condition wounded sick shipwrecked member armed force sea ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR third geneva convention relates treatment prisoner war fourth geneva convention relates protection civilian time war including occupied territory ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR additional protocol ii international treaty supplement geneva convention 1949 ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR significantly improve legal protection covering civilian wounded ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR additional protocol concern international armed conflict involving least two country ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR additional protocol ii first international treaty applies solely civil war armed conflict within state set restriction use force conflict ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n3 article 31 1951 convention ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n4 article 12a 1951 convention ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n5 unhcr advisory opinion extraterritorial application nonrefoulement obligation 1951 convention relating status refugee 1967 protocol 26 january 2007 para 7 ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n6 human right committee general comment ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 36 2018 article 6 international covenant civil political right right life 30 october 2018 para ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 30 31 human right committee general comment ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 20 1992 article 7 international covenant civil political right prohibition torture cruel inhuman degrading treatment punishment 10 march 1992 para ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 9 unhcr advisory opinion extraterritorial application nonrefoulement obligation 1951 convention relating status refugee 1967 protocol 26 january 2007 para ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"18 and 19.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 18 19 ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n7 preamble rome statute icc sixth recital ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n8 article 6 rome statute icc \u2013 genocide ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n9 article 7 rome statute icc \u2013 crime humanity ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n10 article 8 rome statute icc \u2013 war crime ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n11 article 8 bi rome statute icc \u2013 crime aggression ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n12 see convention prevention punishment crime genocide 9 december 1948 ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR article 1 genocide convention provides contracting party confirm genocide whether committed time peace time war crime international law undertake prevent punish ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n13 see international law commission \u2019 draft article crime humanity ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n14 example international criminal tribunal rwanda international tribunal former yugoslavia international residual mechanism criminal tribunal ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n15 example special court sierra leone residual special court sierra leone extraordinary chamber court cambodia ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n16 example special criminal court central african republic ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n17 consolidated sanction list includes individual entity subject sanction measure imposed security council ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"(https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR https\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/unscconsolidatedlist ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n18 https\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/internationallegalinstruments\/ http\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legalinstruments.shtml ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n19 security council resolution 1373 2001 operative para ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 2e security council resolution 2396 2017 operative para ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"17 and 19.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 17 19 ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n20 security council resolution 2178 2014 operative para ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 6 b c security council resolution 2396 2017 operative para ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"17.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 17 ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016).", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n21 see resolution 2341 2017 n22 see resolution 2331 2016 ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n23 http\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legalinstruments.shtml n24 security council resolution 2178 2014 operative para ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 4 security council resolution 2396 2017 operative para ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"18 and 30.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 18 30 ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n25 security council resolution 2349 2017 operative para ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 32 security council resolution 2396 2017 operative para ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 30 31 36 a\/res\/72\/282 para ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"39.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 39 ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n26 https\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n27 one example description un security council group listed un security council committee established pursuant resolution 751 1992 1907 2009 concerning somalia \u2018 terrorist group \u2019 mandate united nation assistance mission somalia ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n28 http\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wpcontent\/files\/interagencyhrddpguidancenote2015.pdf ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n29 Article 105, paras.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n29 article 105 para ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"1 and 2.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 1 2 ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n30 convention privilege immunity un sect ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"20 and 23.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 20 23 ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n31 convention privilege immunity specialized agency sect ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"22.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 22 ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"\\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR n32 convention privilege immunity un sect ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"21.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR 21 ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.11-The-Legal-Framework-For-UNDDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"1 These sources include, among others, international law sources and instruments, as well as internal rules, policies and procedures. \\n2 Specifically, the first and second Geneva Conventions relate respectively to the improvement of the conditions of (1) the wounded and sick of armed forces in the field and (2) the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea. The third Geneva Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners of war, and the fourth Geneva Convention relates to the protection of civilians in time of war, including in occupied territory. Additional Protocols I and II are international treaties that supplement the Geneva Conventions of 1949. They significantly improve the legal protections covering civilians and the wounded. Additional Protocol I concerns international armed conflicts, that is, those involving at least two countries. Additional Protocol II is the first international treaty that applies solely to civil wars and other armed conflicts within a State and sets restrictions on the use of force in those conflicts. \\n3 Article 31 of the 1951 Convention. \\n4 Article 1(2)A of the 1951 Convention. \\n5 UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), para 7. \\n6 Human Rights Committee general comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life (30 October 2018), paras. 30 and 31; Human Rights Committee general comment No. 20 (1992) on article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the prohibition of torture, or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (10 March 1992), para. 9; UNHCR Advisory Opinion on the Extraterritorial Application of Non-refoulement Obligations under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol (26 January 2007), paras. 18 and 19. \\n7 Preamble of the Rome Statute of the ICC, sixth recital. \\n8 Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Genocide. \\n9 Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crimes against humanity. \\n10 Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 War crimes. \\n11 Article 8 bis of the Rome Statute of the ICC \u2013 Crime of aggression. \\n12 See Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (9 December 1948). Article 1 of the Genocide Convention provides that Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. \\n13 See International Law Commission\u2019s draft articles on crimes against humanity. \\n14 For example, the International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. \\n15 For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. \\n16 For example, the Special Criminal Court in Central African Republic. \\n17 The Consolidated Sanctions List includes all individuals and entities subject to sanctions measures imposed by the Security Council. (https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/suborg\/en\/sanctions\/un-sc-consolidated-list#). \\n18 https:\/\/www.un.org\/sc\/ctc\/resources\/international-legal-instruments\/ and http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/ counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml. \\n19 Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), operative para. 2(e); and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 17 and 19. \\n20 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative paras. 6 (a), (b) and (c); Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative para. 17. \\n21 See resolution 2341 (2017) \\n22 See resolution 2331 (2016). \\n23 http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/counterterrorism\/legal-instruments.shtml \\n24 Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), operative para. 4, and Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 18 and 30. \\n25 Security Council resolution 2349 (2017), operative para. 32; Security Council resolution 2396 (2017), operative paras. 30, 31, 36, A\/RES\/72\/282, para. 39. \\n26 https:\/\/www.un.org\/securitycouncil\/sanctions\/information. \\n27 One example is the description, by the UN Security Council, of a group that is listed by the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 751 (1992) and 1907 (2009) concerning Somalia, as a \u2018terrorist group\u2019 in the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia. \\n28 http:\/\/hrbaportal.org\/wp-content\/files\/Inter-Agency-HRDDP-Guidance-Note-2015.pdf. \\n29 Article 105, paras. 1 and 2. \\n30 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 20 and 23. \\n31 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, sect. 22. \\n32 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the UN, sect. 21. This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":286, "Sentence":"This responsibility is generally reflected in UN host country agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"The Legal Framework For UNDDR responsibility generally reflected un host country agreement ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":287, "Sentence":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR disarmament demobilization reintegration ddr technical undertaking ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":287, "Sentence":"Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR many aspect ddr process influence influenced political dynamic ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":287, "Sentence":"Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR understanding political dynamic influence ddr process e requires knowledge historical political context actor stakehold er armed unarmed conflict driver including local national gional aspect may interact feed armed conflict.armed group often mobilize political reason and\/or response range security socioeconomic grievance ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":287, "Sentence":"Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR peace negotiation process provide warring party way end violence address grievance peaceful mean ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":287, "Sentence":"Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR armed force may also need factored peace agreement proportion ality armed force group \u2013 term ddr support \u2013 taken account.ddr practitioner may provide support mediation peace agreement subsequent oversight implementation relevant part agree ments ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":287, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddr practitioner also advise mediator facilitator ensure peace agreement incorporate realistic ddrrelated clause party common understanding outcome ddr process im plemented ddr process undertaken isolation integrated aspect peace process since success mutually reinforcing ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":287, "Sentence":"All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR peace agreement contain security provision address control man agement violence various form including rightsizing ddr and\/or form security coordination control ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":287, "Sentence":"When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR given peace agreement demand ddr process national political framework particular ddr process often provided comprehensive peace agreement cpa seek address political security issue ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":287, "Sentence":"Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR without agreement warring party unlikely agree measure reduce ability use military force reach goal ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":287, "Sentence":"In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR cpa common ddr programme tied ceasefire provision \u2018 final security arrangement \u2019 ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":287, "Sentence":"If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR armed group political aspiration chance successful implementation cpa improved ddr process sensitively designed support transformation group political entities.ddr process may also follow locallevel agreement ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":287, "Sentence":"Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR local politics important driving armed conflict grievance state ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":287, "Sentence":"By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR focusing latter nationallevel peace agreement may address resolve local conflict ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":287, "Sentence":"Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR therefore conflict may continue even nationallevel peace agreement signed implemented ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":287, "Sentence":"Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR locallevel peace agreement may take number different form cluding limited local nonaggression pact armed group deal garding access specific area community violence reduction cvr agreement ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":287, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddr practitioner ass whether local ddr process remain local level wheth er local nationallevel dynamic linked common multilevel approach.finally ddr process also undertaken absence peace agreement ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":287, "Sentence":"In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR instance ddr intervention may designed contribute stabilization make return stability tangible create conducive environment peace agreement see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR process- es requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakehold- ers (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and re- gional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict.Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and\/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportion- ality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account.DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agree- ments. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be im- plemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and man- agement of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and\/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities.DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, in- cluding (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals re- garding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or wheth- er local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach.Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":287, "Sentence":"These interven- tions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR interven tions reactive ad hoc carefully planned advance accordance predefined strategy ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module introduces the political dynamics of DDR and provides an overview of how to analyse and better understand them so as to develop politically sensitive DDR processes. It discusses the role of DDR practitioners in the negotiation of local and na- tional peace agreements, the role of transitional and final security arrangements, and how practitioners may work to generate political will for DDR among warring parties. Finally, this chapter discusses the transformation of armed groups into political parties and the political dynamics of DDR in active conflict settings.1", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":288, "Sentence":"This module introduces the political dynamics of DDR and provides an overview of how to analyse and better understand them so as to develop politically sensitive DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR module introduces political dynamic ddr provides overview analyse better understand develop politically sensitive ddr process ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module introduces the political dynamics of DDR and provides an overview of how to analyse and better understand them so as to develop politically sensitive DDR processes. It discusses the role of DDR practitioners in the negotiation of local and na- tional peace agreements, the role of transitional and final security arrangements, and how practitioners may work to generate political will for DDR among warring parties. Finally, this chapter discusses the transformation of armed groups into political parties and the political dynamics of DDR in active conflict settings.1", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":288, "Sentence":"It discusses the role of DDR practitioners in the negotiation of local and na- tional peace agreements, the role of transitional and final security arrangements, and how practitioners may work to generate political will for DDR among warring parties.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR discus role ddr practitioner negotiation local na tional peace agreement role transitional final security arrangement practitioner may work generate political ddr among warring party ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module introduces the political dynamics of DDR and provides an overview of how to analyse and better understand them so as to develop politically sensitive DDR processes. It discusses the role of DDR practitioners in the negotiation of local and na- tional peace agreements, the role of transitional and final security arrangements, and how practitioners may work to generate political will for DDR among warring parties. Finally, this chapter discusses the transformation of armed groups into political parties and the political dynamics of DDR in active conflict settings.1", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":288, "Sentence":"Finally, this chapter discusses the transformation of armed groups into political parties and the political dynamics of DDR in active conflict settings.1", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR finally chapter discus transformation armed group political party political dynamic ddr active conflict settings.1" }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":289, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR annex contains list abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":289, "Sentence":"A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR complete glossary term definition abbreviation used iddrs series given iddrs 1.20 ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":290, "Sentence":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":290, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR use consistent language used international organization standardization iso standard guideline n ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":290, "Sentence":"\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n b ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":290, "Sentence":"\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n c. \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action n d. \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability n e. \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties. Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands. Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power. Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land. There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels.In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements. Local- level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements. National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from cease- fire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system. In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being repre- sented in national dialogues. DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties.DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influ- ence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met. Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain. Furthermore, during a con- flict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers. Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment.The political limitations of DDR should also be considered. Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future. Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace. Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":291, "Sentence":"The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR impact ddr political landscape influenced context history conflict structure motivation warring party ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties. Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands. Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power. Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land. There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels.In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements. Local- level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements. National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from cease- fire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system. In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being repre- sented in national dialogues. DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties.DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influ- ence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met. Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain. Furthermore, during a con- flict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers. Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment.The political limitations of DDR should also be considered. Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future. Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace. Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":291, "Sentence":"Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR armed group may political motivation demand ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties. Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands. Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power. Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land. There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels.In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements. Local- level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements. National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from cease- fire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system. In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being repre- sented in national dialogues. DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties.DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influ- ence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met. Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain. Furthermore, during a con- flict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers. Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment.The political limitations of DDR should also be considered. Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future. Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace. Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":291, "Sentence":"Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR others however may fight state seeking political power ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties. Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands. Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power. Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land. There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels.In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements. Local- level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements. National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from cease- fire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system. In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being repre- sented in national dialogues. DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties.DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influ- ence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met. Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain. Furthermore, during a con- flict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers. Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment.The political limitations of DDR should also be considered. Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future. Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace. Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":291, "Sentence":"Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR armed conflict may also localized linked local politics issue access land ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties. Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands. Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power. Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land. There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels.In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements. Local- level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements. National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from cease- fire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system. In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being repre- sented in national dialogues. DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties.DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influ- ence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met. Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain. Furthermore, during a con- flict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers. Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment.The political limitations of DDR should also be considered. Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future. Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace. Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":291, "Sentence":"There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels.In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR may also complex interaction political dynamic conflict driver local national regional levels.in order support peaceful resolution armed conflict ddr practitioner support mediation oversight implementation peace agreement ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties. Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands. Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power. Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land. There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels.In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements. Local- level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements. National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from cease- fire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system. In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being repre- sented in national dialogues. DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties.DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influ- ence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met. Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain. Furthermore, during a con- flict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers. Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment.The political limitations of DDR should also be considered. Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future. Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace. Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":291, "Sentence":"Local- level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR local level peace agreement may take many form including limited local non aggression pact armed group deal regarding access specific area cvr agreement ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties. Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands. Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power. Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land. There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels.In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements. Local- level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements. National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from cease- fire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system. In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being repre- sented in national dialogues. DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties.DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influ- ence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met. Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain. Furthermore, during a con- flict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers. Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment.The political limitations of DDR should also be considered. Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future. Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace. Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":291, "Sentence":"National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from cease- fire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR nationallevel peace agreement may also vary ranging cease fire agreement comprehensive peace agreement cpa provision establishment political powersharing system ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties. Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands. Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power. Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land. There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels.In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements. Local- level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements. National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from cease- fire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system. In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being repre- sented in national dialogues. DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties.DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influ- ence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met. Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain. Furthermore, during a con- flict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers. Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment.The political limitations of DDR should also be considered. Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future. Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace. Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":291, "Sentence":"In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being repre- sented in national dialogues.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR context role former warring party interim political institution may include participation interim administration well political body movement repre sented national dialogue ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties. Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands. Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power. Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land. There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels.In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements. Local- level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements. National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from cease- fire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system. In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being repre- sented in national dialogues. DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties.DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influ- ence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met. Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain. Furthermore, during a con- flict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers. Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment.The political limitations of DDR should also be considered. Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future. Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace. Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":291, "Sentence":"DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties.DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influ- ence, and be influenced by, political dynamics.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddr support process including helping demilitarize politics supporting transformation armed group political parties.ddr technical endeavour \u2013 many aspect ddr process influ ence influenced political dynamic ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties. Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands. Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power. Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land. There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels.In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements. Local- level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements. National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from cease- fire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system. In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being repre- sented in national dialogues. DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties.DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influ- ence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met. Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain. Furthermore, during a con- flict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers. Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment.The political limitations of DDR should also be considered. Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future. Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace. Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":291, "Sentence":"For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR example armed group may refuse disarm demobilize sure political demand met ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties. Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands. Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power. Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land. There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels.In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements. Local- level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements. National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from cease- fire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system. In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being repre- sented in national dialogues. DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties.DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influ- ence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met. Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain. Furthermore, during a con- flict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers. Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment.The political limitations of DDR should also be considered. Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future. Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace. Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":291, "Sentence":"Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR control ddr process constitute powerful political position result group individual may attempt manipulate process political gain ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties. Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands. Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power. Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land. There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels.In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements. Local- level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements. National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from cease- fire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system. In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being repre- sented in national dialogues. DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties.DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influ- ence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met. Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain. Furthermore, during a con- flict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers. Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment.The political limitations of DDR should also be considered. Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future. Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace. Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":291, "Sentence":"Furthermore, during a con- flict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR furthermore con flict armed group may become politically empowered challenge established political system structure create ddr technical endeavour \u2013 many aspect ddr process influence influenced political dynamic ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties. Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands. Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power. Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land. There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels.In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements. Local- level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements. National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from cease- fire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system. In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being repre- sented in national dialogues. DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties.DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influ- ence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met. Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain. Furthermore, during a con- flict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers. Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment.The political limitations of DDR should also be considered. Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future. Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace. Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":291, "Sentence":"alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR alternative political arrangement take function usually reserved state including security provider ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties. Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands. Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power. Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land. There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels.In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements. Local- level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements. National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from cease- fire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system. In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being repre- sented in national dialogues. DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties.DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influ- ence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met. Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain. Furthermore, during a con- flict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers. Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment.The political limitations of DDR should also be considered. Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future. Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace. Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":291, "Sentence":"Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment.The political limitations of DDR should also be considered.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR measure disband armed group provide space restoration state place previously absent therefore strong impact upon security political environment.the political limitation ddr also considered ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties. Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands. Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power. Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land. There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels.In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements. Local- level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements. National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from cease- fire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system. In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being repre- sented in national dialogues. DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties.DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influ- ence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met. Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain. Furthermore, during a con- flict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers. Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment.The political limitations of DDR should also be considered. Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future. Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace. Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":291, "Sentence":"Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR integrated ddr process facilitate engagement armed group limited impact unless parallel effort undertaken address reason group felt necessary mobilize first place current prospective security concern expectation future ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties. Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands. Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power. Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land. There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels.In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements. Local- level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements. National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from cease- fire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system. In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being repre- sented in national dialogues. DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties.DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influ- ence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met. Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain. Furthermore, during a con- flict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers. Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment.The political limitations of DDR should also be considered. Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future. Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace. Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":291, "Sentence":"Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR overcoming political limitation requires recognition strong linkage ddr aspect peace process including broader political arrangement transitional justice reconciliation peacebuilding activity without sustainable peace ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties. Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands. Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power. Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land. There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels.In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements. Local- level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements. National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from cease- fire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system. In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being repre- sented in national dialogues. DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties.DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influ- ence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met. Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain. Furthermore, during a con- flict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers. Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment.The political limitations of DDR should also be considered. Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future. Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace. Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":291, "Sentence":"Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR importantly nationallevel peace agreement may appropriate resolve ongoing locallevel conflict regional conflict necessary ddr practitioner develop strategy select ddrrelated tool appropriate level ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to the political dynamics of DDR:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":292, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to the political dynamics of DDR:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":292, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to the political dynamics of DDR:", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR section outline principle apply political dynamic ddr" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles ", "Heading2":"4.1 People-centred", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A people-centred approach shall be followed. This approach must take into account the needs and positions of all stakeholders (Government, armed and unarmed opposition, the population and the international community) in a sensitive manner and seek to understand and accommodate them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":293, "Sentence":"A people-centred approach shall be followed.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR peoplecentred approach shall followed ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles ", "Heading2":"4.1 People-centred", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A people-centred approach shall be followed. This approach must take into account the needs and positions of all stakeholders (Government, armed and unarmed opposition, the population and the international community) in a sensitive manner and seek to understand and accommodate them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":293, "Sentence":"This approach must take into account the needs and positions of all stakeholders (Government, armed and unarmed opposition, the population and the international community) in a sensitive manner and seek to understand and accommodate them.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR approach must take account need position stakeholder government armed unarmed opposition population international community sensitive manner seek understand accommodate ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles ", "Heading2":"4.2 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall be gender-responsive and -inclusive, and at all stages take into account the gender dimensions of peace processes and conflict resolution. DDR practi- tioners shall advance substantive gender equality before, during and after conflict and ensure that women\u2019s diverse experiences are fully integrated into all peacebuilding, peacemaking and reconstruction processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":294, "Sentence":"DDR processes shall be gender-responsive and -inclusive, and at all stages take into account the gender dimensions of peace processes and conflict resolution.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddr process shall genderresponsive inclusive stage take account gender dimension peace process conflict resolution ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles ", "Heading2":"4.2 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall be gender-responsive and -inclusive, and at all stages take into account the gender dimensions of peace processes and conflict resolution. DDR practi- tioners shall advance substantive gender equality before, during and after conflict and ensure that women\u2019s diverse experiences are fully integrated into all peacebuilding, peacemaking and reconstruction processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":294, "Sentence":"DDR practi- tioners shall advance substantive gender equality before, during and after conflict and ensure that women\u2019s diverse experiences are fully integrated into all peacebuilding, peacemaking and reconstruction processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddr practi tioners shall advance substantive gender equality conflict ensure woman \u2019 diverse experience fully integrated peacebuilding peacemaking reconstruction process ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles ", "Heading2":"4.3 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Accountability, transparency and flexibility shall be maintained not only when holding stakeholders to their commitments, but also when ensuring that the process designed is appropriate for the context in which it is to be implemented.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":295, "Sentence":"Accountability, transparency and flexibility shall be maintained not only when holding stakeholders to their commitments, but also when ensuring that the process designed is appropriate for the context in which it is to be implemented.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR accountability transparency flexibility shall maintained holding stakeholder commitment also ensuring process designed appropriate context implemented ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles ", "Heading2":"4.4 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"It is essential to encourage unity of effort in the analysis, design and implementation of politically sensitive DDR processes. This emphasis must start with ensuring that those negotiating a peace agreement are properly advised so as to reach technically sound agreements and to integrate DDR processes with other relevant parts of the peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":296, "Sentence":"It is essential to encourage unity of effort in the analysis, design and implementation of politically sensitive DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR essential encourage unity effort analysis design implementation politically sensitive ddr process ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles ", "Heading2":"4.4 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"It is essential to encourage unity of effort in the analysis, design and implementation of politically sensitive DDR processes. This emphasis must start with ensuring that those negotiating a peace agreement are properly advised so as to reach technically sound agreements and to integrate DDR processes with other relevant parts of the peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":296, "Sentence":"This emphasis must start with ensuring that those negotiating a peace agreement are properly advised so as to reach technically sound agreements and to integrate DDR processes with other relevant parts of the peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR emphasis must start ensuring negotiating peace agreement properly advised reach technically sound agreement integrate ddr process relevant part peace process ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"To understand the political dynamics of DDR processes, a thorough contextual analysis is required. In mission settings, such analyses are undertaken by UN peace operations, special political missions or offices. In non-mission settings, contextual analysis forms an integral part of the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) process.In both mission and non-mission settings, the analysis of the political dynamics of a DDR process forms just one part of a broader situational analysis. It may therefore be linked to conflict and development analysis (CDA) or other analysis that is requested\/ mandatory in the UN system. The sections immediately below focus only on the contex- tual analysis of the political dynamics of DDR processes. This type of analysis should examine the following factors:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":297, "Sentence":"To understand the political dynamics of DDR processes, a thorough contextual analysis is required.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR understand political dynamic ddr process thorough contextual analysis required ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"To understand the political dynamics of DDR processes, a thorough contextual analysis is required. In mission settings, such analyses are undertaken by UN peace operations, special political missions or offices. In non-mission settings, contextual analysis forms an integral part of the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) process.In both mission and non-mission settings, the analysis of the political dynamics of a DDR process forms just one part of a broader situational analysis. It may therefore be linked to conflict and development analysis (CDA) or other analysis that is requested\/ mandatory in the UN system. The sections immediately below focus only on the contex- tual analysis of the political dynamics of DDR processes. This type of analysis should examine the following factors:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":297, "Sentence":"In mission settings, such analyses are undertaken by UN peace operations, special political missions or offices.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR mission setting analysis undertaken un peace operation special political mission office ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"To understand the political dynamics of DDR processes, a thorough contextual analysis is required. In mission settings, such analyses are undertaken by UN peace operations, special political missions or offices. In non-mission settings, contextual analysis forms an integral part of the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) process.In both mission and non-mission settings, the analysis of the political dynamics of a DDR process forms just one part of a broader situational analysis. It may therefore be linked to conflict and development analysis (CDA) or other analysis that is requested\/ mandatory in the UN system. The sections immediately below focus only on the contex- tual analysis of the political dynamics of DDR processes. This type of analysis should examine the following factors:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":297, "Sentence":"In non-mission settings, contextual analysis forms an integral part of the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) process.In both mission and non-mission settings, the analysis of the political dynamics of a DDR process forms just one part of a broader situational analysis.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR nonmission setting contextual analysis form integral part united nation sustainable development cooperation framework unsdcf process.in mission nonmission setting analysis political dynamic ddr process form one part broader situational analysis ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"To understand the political dynamics of DDR processes, a thorough contextual analysis is required. In mission settings, such analyses are undertaken by UN peace operations, special political missions or offices. In non-mission settings, contextual analysis forms an integral part of the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) process.In both mission and non-mission settings, the analysis of the political dynamics of a DDR process forms just one part of a broader situational analysis. It may therefore be linked to conflict and development analysis (CDA) or other analysis that is requested\/ mandatory in the UN system. The sections immediately below focus only on the contex- tual analysis of the political dynamics of DDR processes. This type of analysis should examine the following factors:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":297, "Sentence":"It may therefore be linked to conflict and development analysis (CDA) or other analysis that is requested\/ mandatory in the UN system.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR may therefore linked conflict development analysis cda analysis requested\/ mandatory un system ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"To understand the political dynamics of DDR processes, a thorough contextual analysis is required. In mission settings, such analyses are undertaken by UN peace operations, special political missions or offices. In non-mission settings, contextual analysis forms an integral part of the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) process.In both mission and non-mission settings, the analysis of the political dynamics of a DDR process forms just one part of a broader situational analysis. It may therefore be linked to conflict and development analysis (CDA) or other analysis that is requested\/ mandatory in the UN system. The sections immediately below focus only on the contex- tual analysis of the political dynamics of DDR processes. This type of analysis should examine the following factors:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":297, "Sentence":"The sections immediately below focus only on the contex- tual analysis of the political dynamics of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR section immediately focus contex tual analysis political dynamic ddr process ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"To understand the political dynamics of DDR processes, a thorough contextual analysis is required. In mission settings, such analyses are undertaken by UN peace operations, special political missions or offices. In non-mission settings, contextual analysis forms an integral part of the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) process.In both mission and non-mission settings, the analysis of the political dynamics of a DDR process forms just one part of a broader situational analysis. It may therefore be linked to conflict and development analysis (CDA) or other analysis that is requested\/ mandatory in the UN system. The sections immediately below focus only on the contex- tual analysis of the political dynamics of DDR processes. This type of analysis should examine the following factors:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":297, "Sentence":"This type of analysis should examine the following factors:", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR type analysis examine following factor" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.1. The political and historical context", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR processes requires knowl- edge of the historical and political context. A summary of relevant factors to consider can be found in Table 1 below.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":298, "Sentence":"Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR processes requires knowl- edge of the historical and political context.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR understanding political dynamic influence ddr process requires knowl edge historical political context ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.1. The political and historical context", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR processes requires knowl- edge of the historical and political context. A summary of relevant factors to consider can be found in Table 1 below.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":298, "Sentence":"A summary of relevant factors to consider can be found in Table 1 below.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR summary relevant factor consider found table 1 ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR structure motivation armed force group assessed ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"\\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR n kept mind however structure motivation may vary time individual collective level ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR example certain individual may motivated join armed group reason opportunism rather political goal ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR opportunist individual may become progressively politicized alternatively political motif may become opportunist ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR crafting effective ddr process requires understanding different changing motivation ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR furthermore stated motif warring party member may differ significantly actual motif international law principles.as explained detail annex b potential motif may include one several following npolitical \u2013 seeking impose protect political system ideology party ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"\\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR nsocial \u2013 seeking bring change social status role balance power discrimination marginalization ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"\\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR neconomic \u2013 seeking redistribution accumulation wealth often coupled joining escape poverty provide family ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"\\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR nsecurity driven \u2013 seeking protect community group real per ceived threat ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"\\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ncultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking protect impose value idea principle ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"\\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR nreligious \u2013 seeking advance religious value custom idea ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"\\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR nmaterial \u2013 seeking protect material resource ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"\\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR nopportunistic \u2013 seeking leverage situation achieve above.it important undertake thorough analysis armed force group better understand ddr target group design ddr process maximize political buyin ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR analysis armed force group include following n leadership including associated political leader structure see person may influence warring party ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR analysis take account external actor including possible foreign supporter also exiled leader others may control armed group ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR also consider much control leadership combatant extent leadership representative member ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"Both control and representativeness can change over time.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR control representativeness change time ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"\\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR n internal group dynamic including balance organization \u2019 po litical military wing interaction prominent member faction within armed force group influence behaviour ganization internal conflict pattern potential fragmentation presence female fighter woman associated armed force group waafg gender norm group existence pervasiveness sexual violence ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"\\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR n associated political leader structure including whether warring party separate political branch integrated politicomilitary movement shape agenda ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent?", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR woman involved political structure extent" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR armed group separate political structure history political engagement prior conflict sometimes successful transforming political party although potential may erode prolonged conflict ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"\\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups?", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR n associated religious leader religious leader personality associated armed group" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"What role could they play in peace negotiations?", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR role could play peace negotiation" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts?", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR influence warring party help shape outcome peace effort" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"\\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group?", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR n linkage base given armed group close political base popu lation linkage influence group" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group?", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR support weak ened use certain tactic action e.g . mass atrocity repression base influence armed group" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR effort demobilize combatant affect armed group \u2019 relation base otherwise push change tactic \u2013 instance eschewing violence mobilize political base would otherwise reject violence ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"\\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR n linkage local national regional elite including influential indi viduals group hold sway armed force group ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR could include business people community religious traditional leader insti tutions trade union cultural grouping ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR diaspora may also important actor providing political economic support community and\/or armed group ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"\\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests?", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR n external support regional and\/or broader international actor net work provide political financial support armed group including basis geopolitical interest" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.2. The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. \\n It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles.As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: \\nPolitical \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. \\nSocial \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. \\nEconomic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. \\nSecurity driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or per- ceived threat. \\nCultural\/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. \\nReligious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. \\nMaterial \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. \\nOpportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above.It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: \\n Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. \\n Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s po- litical and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the or- ganization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. \\n Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. \\n Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? \\n Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a popu- lation, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weak- ened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. \\n Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential indi- viduals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or insti- tutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and\/or armed groups. \\n External support: Are there regional and\/or broader international actors or net- works that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":299, "Sentence":"This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR might include state sponsor diaspora political exile transnational criminal network ideological affiliation \u2018 franchising \u2019 foreign often extremist armed group ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Conflict outcomes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The way a conflict ends can influence the political dynamics of DDR. The following scenarios should be considered: \\n A clear victor: This usually results in a \u2018victor\u2019s peace\u2019, where the winner can \u2018im- pose\u2019 demands on the party that lost the conflict. This may mean that the armed structures of the victor are preserved, while the losing party will be the one tar- geted for DDR. Less emphasis may be placed on the reintegration of the defeated combatants, and the stigma of being an ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (including children associated with armed forces and groups [CAAFG] and WAAFG) is compounded by that of having been a part of a defeated group, resulting in increased marginalization, exclusion and discrim- ination. The victorious group may seek to dominate the new security structures. \\n A negotiated process: At the national level, this is the most common form of con- flict resolution and often results in a comprehensive peace agreement (CPA) that addresses the political aspects of a conflict and might include provisions for DDR (this is considered a prerequisite for a DDR programme). Negotiated processes can also lead to local-level peace agreements, which can be followed by DDR- related tools such as CVR and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) or reintegration support. DDR processes that are the outcome of negotiations (whether local or national) are more likely to be acceptable to warring parties. However, unless expert advice is provided, the DDR-related clauses in such agree- ments can be unrealistic. \\n Partial peace: In some conflicts the multiplicity of armed groups may result in peace processes that are not fully inclusive, since some of the armed groups are excluded from or refuse to sign the agreement. This can be a disincentive for signatory armed groups to disarm and demobilize due to fear for their security and that of the population they represent, concerns over loss of territory to a non- signatory armed group or uncertainty about how their political position might be affected should other armed groups eventually join the peace process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":300, "Sentence":"The way a conflict ends can influence the political dynamics of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR way conflict end influence political dynamic ddr ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Conflict outcomes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The way a conflict ends can influence the political dynamics of DDR. The following scenarios should be considered: \\n A clear victor: This usually results in a \u2018victor\u2019s peace\u2019, where the winner can \u2018im- pose\u2019 demands on the party that lost the conflict. This may mean that the armed structures of the victor are preserved, while the losing party will be the one tar- geted for DDR. Less emphasis may be placed on the reintegration of the defeated combatants, and the stigma of being an ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (including children associated with armed forces and groups [CAAFG] and WAAFG) is compounded by that of having been a part of a defeated group, resulting in increased marginalization, exclusion and discrim- ination. The victorious group may seek to dominate the new security structures. \\n A negotiated process: At the national level, this is the most common form of con- flict resolution and often results in a comprehensive peace agreement (CPA) that addresses the political aspects of a conflict and might include provisions for DDR (this is considered a prerequisite for a DDR programme). Negotiated processes can also lead to local-level peace agreements, which can be followed by DDR- related tools such as CVR and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) or reintegration support. DDR processes that are the outcome of negotiations (whether local or national) are more likely to be acceptable to warring parties. However, unless expert advice is provided, the DDR-related clauses in such agree- ments can be unrealistic. \\n Partial peace: In some conflicts the multiplicity of armed groups may result in peace processes that are not fully inclusive, since some of the armed groups are excluded from or refuse to sign the agreement. This can be a disincentive for signatory armed groups to disarm and demobilize due to fear for their security and that of the population they represent, concerns over loss of territory to a non- signatory armed group or uncertainty about how their political position might be affected should other armed groups eventually join the peace process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":300, "Sentence":"The following scenarios should be considered: \\n A clear victor: This usually results in a \u2018victor\u2019s peace\u2019, where the winner can \u2018im- pose\u2019 demands on the party that lost the conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR following scenario considered n clear victor usually result \u2018 victor \u2019 peace \u2019 winner \u2018 im pose \u2019 demand party lost conflict ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Conflict outcomes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The way a conflict ends can influence the political dynamics of DDR. The following scenarios should be considered: \\n A clear victor: This usually results in a \u2018victor\u2019s peace\u2019, where the winner can \u2018im- pose\u2019 demands on the party that lost the conflict. This may mean that the armed structures of the victor are preserved, while the losing party will be the one tar- geted for DDR. Less emphasis may be placed on the reintegration of the defeated combatants, and the stigma of being an ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (including children associated with armed forces and groups [CAAFG] and WAAFG) is compounded by that of having been a part of a defeated group, resulting in increased marginalization, exclusion and discrim- ination. The victorious group may seek to dominate the new security structures. \\n A negotiated process: At the national level, this is the most common form of con- flict resolution and often results in a comprehensive peace agreement (CPA) that addresses the political aspects of a conflict and might include provisions for DDR (this is considered a prerequisite for a DDR programme). Negotiated processes can also lead to local-level peace agreements, which can be followed by DDR- related tools such as CVR and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) or reintegration support. DDR processes that are the outcome of negotiations (whether local or national) are more likely to be acceptable to warring parties. However, unless expert advice is provided, the DDR-related clauses in such agree- ments can be unrealistic. \\n Partial peace: In some conflicts the multiplicity of armed groups may result in peace processes that are not fully inclusive, since some of the armed groups are excluded from or refuse to sign the agreement. This can be a disincentive for signatory armed groups to disarm and demobilize due to fear for their security and that of the population they represent, concerns over loss of territory to a non- signatory armed group or uncertainty about how their political position might be affected should other armed groups eventually join the peace process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":300, "Sentence":"This may mean that the armed structures of the victor are preserved, while the losing party will be the one tar- geted for DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR may mean armed structure victor preserved losing party one tar geted ddr ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Conflict outcomes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The way a conflict ends can influence the political dynamics of DDR. The following scenarios should be considered: \\n A clear victor: This usually results in a \u2018victor\u2019s peace\u2019, where the winner can \u2018im- pose\u2019 demands on the party that lost the conflict. This may mean that the armed structures of the victor are preserved, while the losing party will be the one tar- geted for DDR. Less emphasis may be placed on the reintegration of the defeated combatants, and the stigma of being an ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (including children associated with armed forces and groups [CAAFG] and WAAFG) is compounded by that of having been a part of a defeated group, resulting in increased marginalization, exclusion and discrim- ination. The victorious group may seek to dominate the new security structures. \\n A negotiated process: At the national level, this is the most common form of con- flict resolution and often results in a comprehensive peace agreement (CPA) that addresses the political aspects of a conflict and might include provisions for DDR (this is considered a prerequisite for a DDR programme). Negotiated processes can also lead to local-level peace agreements, which can be followed by DDR- related tools such as CVR and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) or reintegration support. DDR processes that are the outcome of negotiations (whether local or national) are more likely to be acceptable to warring parties. However, unless expert advice is provided, the DDR-related clauses in such agree- ments can be unrealistic. \\n Partial peace: In some conflicts the multiplicity of armed groups may result in peace processes that are not fully inclusive, since some of the armed groups are excluded from or refuse to sign the agreement. This can be a disincentive for signatory armed groups to disarm and demobilize due to fear for their security and that of the population they represent, concerns over loss of territory to a non- signatory armed group or uncertainty about how their political position might be affected should other armed groups eventually join the peace process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":300, "Sentence":"Less emphasis may be placed on the reintegration of the defeated combatants, and the stigma of being an ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (including children associated with armed forces and groups [CAAFG] and WAAFG) is compounded by that of having been a part of a defeated group, resulting in increased marginalization, exclusion and discrim- ination.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR le emphasis may placed reintegration defeated combatant stigma excombatant person formerly associated armed force group including child associated armed force group caafg waafg compounded part defeated group resulting increased marginalization exclusion discrim ination ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Conflict outcomes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The way a conflict ends can influence the political dynamics of DDR. The following scenarios should be considered: \\n A clear victor: This usually results in a \u2018victor\u2019s peace\u2019, where the winner can \u2018im- pose\u2019 demands on the party that lost the conflict. This may mean that the armed structures of the victor are preserved, while the losing party will be the one tar- geted for DDR. Less emphasis may be placed on the reintegration of the defeated combatants, and the stigma of being an ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (including children associated with armed forces and groups [CAAFG] and WAAFG) is compounded by that of having been a part of a defeated group, resulting in increased marginalization, exclusion and discrim- ination. The victorious group may seek to dominate the new security structures. \\n A negotiated process: At the national level, this is the most common form of con- flict resolution and often results in a comprehensive peace agreement (CPA) that addresses the political aspects of a conflict and might include provisions for DDR (this is considered a prerequisite for a DDR programme). Negotiated processes can also lead to local-level peace agreements, which can be followed by DDR- related tools such as CVR and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) or reintegration support. DDR processes that are the outcome of negotiations (whether local or national) are more likely to be acceptable to warring parties. However, unless expert advice is provided, the DDR-related clauses in such agree- ments can be unrealistic. \\n Partial peace: In some conflicts the multiplicity of armed groups may result in peace processes that are not fully inclusive, since some of the armed groups are excluded from or refuse to sign the agreement. This can be a disincentive for signatory armed groups to disarm and demobilize due to fear for their security and that of the population they represent, concerns over loss of territory to a non- signatory armed group or uncertainty about how their political position might be affected should other armed groups eventually join the peace process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":300, "Sentence":"The victorious group may seek to dominate the new security structures.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR victorious group may seek dominate new security structure ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Conflict outcomes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The way a conflict ends can influence the political dynamics of DDR. The following scenarios should be considered: \\n A clear victor: This usually results in a \u2018victor\u2019s peace\u2019, where the winner can \u2018im- pose\u2019 demands on the party that lost the conflict. This may mean that the armed structures of the victor are preserved, while the losing party will be the one tar- geted for DDR. Less emphasis may be placed on the reintegration of the defeated combatants, and the stigma of being an ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (including children associated with armed forces and groups [CAAFG] and WAAFG) is compounded by that of having been a part of a defeated group, resulting in increased marginalization, exclusion and discrim- ination. The victorious group may seek to dominate the new security structures. \\n A negotiated process: At the national level, this is the most common form of con- flict resolution and often results in a comprehensive peace agreement (CPA) that addresses the political aspects of a conflict and might include provisions for DDR (this is considered a prerequisite for a DDR programme). Negotiated processes can also lead to local-level peace agreements, which can be followed by DDR- related tools such as CVR and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) or reintegration support. DDR processes that are the outcome of negotiations (whether local or national) are more likely to be acceptable to warring parties. However, unless expert advice is provided, the DDR-related clauses in such agree- ments can be unrealistic. \\n Partial peace: In some conflicts the multiplicity of armed groups may result in peace processes that are not fully inclusive, since some of the armed groups are excluded from or refuse to sign the agreement. This can be a disincentive for signatory armed groups to disarm and demobilize due to fear for their security and that of the population they represent, concerns over loss of territory to a non- signatory armed group or uncertainty about how their political position might be affected should other armed groups eventually join the peace process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":300, "Sentence":"\\n A negotiated process: At the national level, this is the most common form of con- flict resolution and often results in a comprehensive peace agreement (CPA) that addresses the political aspects of a conflict and might include provisions for DDR (this is considered a prerequisite for a DDR programme).", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR n negotiated process national level common form con flict resolution often result comprehensive peace agreement cpa address political aspect conflict might include provision ddr considered prerequisite ddr programme ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Conflict outcomes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The way a conflict ends can influence the political dynamics of DDR. The following scenarios should be considered: \\n A clear victor: This usually results in a \u2018victor\u2019s peace\u2019, where the winner can \u2018im- pose\u2019 demands on the party that lost the conflict. This may mean that the armed structures of the victor are preserved, while the losing party will be the one tar- geted for DDR. Less emphasis may be placed on the reintegration of the defeated combatants, and the stigma of being an ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (including children associated with armed forces and groups [CAAFG] and WAAFG) is compounded by that of having been a part of a defeated group, resulting in increased marginalization, exclusion and discrim- ination. The victorious group may seek to dominate the new security structures. \\n A negotiated process: At the national level, this is the most common form of con- flict resolution and often results in a comprehensive peace agreement (CPA) that addresses the political aspects of a conflict and might include provisions for DDR (this is considered a prerequisite for a DDR programme). Negotiated processes can also lead to local-level peace agreements, which can be followed by DDR- related tools such as CVR and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) or reintegration support. DDR processes that are the outcome of negotiations (whether local or national) are more likely to be acceptable to warring parties. However, unless expert advice is provided, the DDR-related clauses in such agree- ments can be unrealistic. \\n Partial peace: In some conflicts the multiplicity of armed groups may result in peace processes that are not fully inclusive, since some of the armed groups are excluded from or refuse to sign the agreement. This can be a disincentive for signatory armed groups to disarm and demobilize due to fear for their security and that of the population they represent, concerns over loss of territory to a non- signatory armed group or uncertainty about how their political position might be affected should other armed groups eventually join the peace process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":300, "Sentence":"Negotiated processes can also lead to local-level peace agreements, which can be followed by DDR- related tools such as CVR and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) or reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR negotiated process also lead locallevel peace agreement followed ddr related tool cvr transitional weapon ammunition management wam reintegration support ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Conflict outcomes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The way a conflict ends can influence the political dynamics of DDR. The following scenarios should be considered: \\n A clear victor: This usually results in a \u2018victor\u2019s peace\u2019, where the winner can \u2018im- pose\u2019 demands on the party that lost the conflict. This may mean that the armed structures of the victor are preserved, while the losing party will be the one tar- geted for DDR. Less emphasis may be placed on the reintegration of the defeated combatants, and the stigma of being an ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (including children associated with armed forces and groups [CAAFG] and WAAFG) is compounded by that of having been a part of a defeated group, resulting in increased marginalization, exclusion and discrim- ination. The victorious group may seek to dominate the new security structures. \\n A negotiated process: At the national level, this is the most common form of con- flict resolution and often results in a comprehensive peace agreement (CPA) that addresses the political aspects of a conflict and might include provisions for DDR (this is considered a prerequisite for a DDR programme). Negotiated processes can also lead to local-level peace agreements, which can be followed by DDR- related tools such as CVR and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) or reintegration support. DDR processes that are the outcome of negotiations (whether local or national) are more likely to be acceptable to warring parties. However, unless expert advice is provided, the DDR-related clauses in such agree- ments can be unrealistic. \\n Partial peace: In some conflicts the multiplicity of armed groups may result in peace processes that are not fully inclusive, since some of the armed groups are excluded from or refuse to sign the agreement. This can be a disincentive for signatory armed groups to disarm and demobilize due to fear for their security and that of the population they represent, concerns over loss of territory to a non- signatory armed group or uncertainty about how their political position might be affected should other armed groups eventually join the peace process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":300, "Sentence":"DDR processes that are the outcome of negotiations (whether local or national) are more likely to be acceptable to warring parties.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddr process outcome negotiation whether local national likely acceptable warring party ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Conflict outcomes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The way a conflict ends can influence the political dynamics of DDR. The following scenarios should be considered: \\n A clear victor: This usually results in a \u2018victor\u2019s peace\u2019, where the winner can \u2018im- pose\u2019 demands on the party that lost the conflict. This may mean that the armed structures of the victor are preserved, while the losing party will be the one tar- geted for DDR. Less emphasis may be placed on the reintegration of the defeated combatants, and the stigma of being an ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (including children associated with armed forces and groups [CAAFG] and WAAFG) is compounded by that of having been a part of a defeated group, resulting in increased marginalization, exclusion and discrim- ination. The victorious group may seek to dominate the new security structures. \\n A negotiated process: At the national level, this is the most common form of con- flict resolution and often results in a comprehensive peace agreement (CPA) that addresses the political aspects of a conflict and might include provisions for DDR (this is considered a prerequisite for a DDR programme). Negotiated processes can also lead to local-level peace agreements, which can be followed by DDR- related tools such as CVR and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) or reintegration support. DDR processes that are the outcome of negotiations (whether local or national) are more likely to be acceptable to warring parties. However, unless expert advice is provided, the DDR-related clauses in such agree- ments can be unrealistic. \\n Partial peace: In some conflicts the multiplicity of armed groups may result in peace processes that are not fully inclusive, since some of the armed groups are excluded from or refuse to sign the agreement. This can be a disincentive for signatory armed groups to disarm and demobilize due to fear for their security and that of the population they represent, concerns over loss of territory to a non- signatory armed group or uncertainty about how their political position might be affected should other armed groups eventually join the peace process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":300, "Sentence":"However, unless expert advice is provided, the DDR-related clauses in such agree- ments can be unrealistic.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR however unless expert advice provided ddrrelated clause agree ments unrealistic ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Conflict outcomes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The way a conflict ends can influence the political dynamics of DDR. The following scenarios should be considered: \\n A clear victor: This usually results in a \u2018victor\u2019s peace\u2019, where the winner can \u2018im- pose\u2019 demands on the party that lost the conflict. This may mean that the armed structures of the victor are preserved, while the losing party will be the one tar- geted for DDR. Less emphasis may be placed on the reintegration of the defeated combatants, and the stigma of being an ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (including children associated with armed forces and groups [CAAFG] and WAAFG) is compounded by that of having been a part of a defeated group, resulting in increased marginalization, exclusion and discrim- ination. The victorious group may seek to dominate the new security structures. \\n A negotiated process: At the national level, this is the most common form of con- flict resolution and often results in a comprehensive peace agreement (CPA) that addresses the political aspects of a conflict and might include provisions for DDR (this is considered a prerequisite for a DDR programme). Negotiated processes can also lead to local-level peace agreements, which can be followed by DDR- related tools such as CVR and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) or reintegration support. DDR processes that are the outcome of negotiations (whether local or national) are more likely to be acceptable to warring parties. However, unless expert advice is provided, the DDR-related clauses in such agree- ments can be unrealistic. \\n Partial peace: In some conflicts the multiplicity of armed groups may result in peace processes that are not fully inclusive, since some of the armed groups are excluded from or refuse to sign the agreement. This can be a disincentive for signatory armed groups to disarm and demobilize due to fear for their security and that of the population they represent, concerns over loss of territory to a non- signatory armed group or uncertainty about how their political position might be affected should other armed groups eventually join the peace process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":300, "Sentence":"\\n Partial peace: In some conflicts the multiplicity of armed groups may result in peace processes that are not fully inclusive, since some of the armed groups are excluded from or refuse to sign the agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR n partial peace conflict multiplicity armed group may result peace process fully inclusive since armed group excluded refuse sign agreement ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Conflict outcomes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The way a conflict ends can influence the political dynamics of DDR. The following scenarios should be considered: \\n A clear victor: This usually results in a \u2018victor\u2019s peace\u2019, where the winner can \u2018im- pose\u2019 demands on the party that lost the conflict. This may mean that the armed structures of the victor are preserved, while the losing party will be the one tar- geted for DDR. Less emphasis may be placed on the reintegration of the defeated combatants, and the stigma of being an ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (including children associated with armed forces and groups [CAAFG] and WAAFG) is compounded by that of having been a part of a defeated group, resulting in increased marginalization, exclusion and discrim- ination. The victorious group may seek to dominate the new security structures. \\n A negotiated process: At the national level, this is the most common form of con- flict resolution and often results in a comprehensive peace agreement (CPA) that addresses the political aspects of a conflict and might include provisions for DDR (this is considered a prerequisite for a DDR programme). Negotiated processes can also lead to local-level peace agreements, which can be followed by DDR- related tools such as CVR and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) or reintegration support. DDR processes that are the outcome of negotiations (whether local or national) are more likely to be acceptable to warring parties. However, unless expert advice is provided, the DDR-related clauses in such agree- ments can be unrealistic. \\n Partial peace: In some conflicts the multiplicity of armed groups may result in peace processes that are not fully inclusive, since some of the armed groups are excluded from or refuse to sign the agreement. This can be a disincentive for signatory armed groups to disarm and demobilize due to fear for their security and that of the population they represent, concerns over loss of territory to a non- signatory armed group or uncertainty about how their political position might be affected should other armed groups eventually join the peace process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":300, "Sentence":"This can be a disincentive for signatory armed groups to disarm and demobilize due to fear for their security and that of the population they represent, concerns over loss of territory to a non- signatory armed group or uncertainty about how their political position might be affected should other armed groups eventually join the peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR disincentive signatory armed group disarm demobilize due fear security population represent concern loss territory non signatory armed group uncertainty political position might affected armed group eventually join peace process ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Local, national, regional and international dynamics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"National-level peace agreements will not always put an end to local-level conflicts. Local agendas \u2013 at the level of the individual, family, clan, municipality, community, district or ethnic group \u2013 can at least partly drive the continuation of violence. Some incidents of localized violence, such as clashes between rivals over positions of tradi- tional authority between two clans, will require primarily local solutions. However, other types of localized armed conflict may be intrinsically linked to the national level, and more amenable to top-down intervention. An example would be competition over political roles at the subfederal or district level. Experience shows that international interventions often neglect local mediation and conflict resolution, focusing instead on national-level cleavages. However, in many instances a combination of local and national conflict or dispute resolution mechanisms, including traditional ones, may be required. For these reasons, local political dynamics should be assessed.In addition to these local- and national-level dynamics, DDR practitioners should also understand and address cross-border\/transnational conflict causes and dynamics, including their gender dimensions, as well as the interdependencies of armed groups with regional actors. In some cases, foreign armed groups may receive support from a third country, have bases across a border, or draw recruits and support from commu- nities that straddle a border. These contexts often require approaches to repatriate for- eign combatants and persons associated with foreign armed groups. Such programmes should be accompanied by reintegration support in the former combatant\u2019s country of origin (see also IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).Regional dimensions may also involve the presence of regional or international forces operating in the country. Their impact on DDR should be assessed, and the con- fluence of DDR efforts and ongoing military operations against non-signatory move- ments may need to be managed. DDR processes are voluntary and shall not be conflated with counter-insurgency operations or used to achieve counter-insurgency objectives.The conflict may also have international links beyond the immediate region. These may include proxy wars, economic interests, and political support to one or several groups, as well as links to organized crime networks. Those involved may have specific inter- ests to protect in the conflict and might favour one side over the other, or a specific out- come. DDR processes will not usually address these factors directly, but their success may be influenced by the need to engage politically or otherwise with these external actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":301, "Sentence":"National-level peace agreements will not always put an end to local-level conflicts.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR nationallevel peace agreement always put end locallevel conflict ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Local, national, regional and international dynamics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"National-level peace agreements will not always put an end to local-level conflicts. Local agendas \u2013 at the level of the individual, family, clan, municipality, community, district or ethnic group \u2013 can at least partly drive the continuation of violence. Some incidents of localized violence, such as clashes between rivals over positions of tradi- tional authority between two clans, will require primarily local solutions. However, other types of localized armed conflict may be intrinsically linked to the national level, and more amenable to top-down intervention. An example would be competition over political roles at the subfederal or district level. Experience shows that international interventions often neglect local mediation and conflict resolution, focusing instead on national-level cleavages. However, in many instances a combination of local and national conflict or dispute resolution mechanisms, including traditional ones, may be required. For these reasons, local political dynamics should be assessed.In addition to these local- and national-level dynamics, DDR practitioners should also understand and address cross-border\/transnational conflict causes and dynamics, including their gender dimensions, as well as the interdependencies of armed groups with regional actors. In some cases, foreign armed groups may receive support from a third country, have bases across a border, or draw recruits and support from commu- nities that straddle a border. These contexts often require approaches to repatriate for- eign combatants and persons associated with foreign armed groups. Such programmes should be accompanied by reintegration support in the former combatant\u2019s country of origin (see also IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).Regional dimensions may also involve the presence of regional or international forces operating in the country. Their impact on DDR should be assessed, and the con- fluence of DDR efforts and ongoing military operations against non-signatory move- ments may need to be managed. DDR processes are voluntary and shall not be conflated with counter-insurgency operations or used to achieve counter-insurgency objectives.The conflict may also have international links beyond the immediate region. These may include proxy wars, economic interests, and political support to one or several groups, as well as links to organized crime networks. Those involved may have specific inter- ests to protect in the conflict and might favour one side over the other, or a specific out- come. DDR processes will not usually address these factors directly, but their success may be influenced by the need to engage politically or otherwise with these external actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":301, "Sentence":"Local agendas \u2013 at the level of the individual, family, clan, municipality, community, district or ethnic group \u2013 can at least partly drive the continuation of violence.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR local agenda \u2013 level individual family clan municipality community district ethnic group \u2013 least partly drive continuation violence ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Local, national, regional and international dynamics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"National-level peace agreements will not always put an end to local-level conflicts. Local agendas \u2013 at the level of the individual, family, clan, municipality, community, district or ethnic group \u2013 can at least partly drive the continuation of violence. Some incidents of localized violence, such as clashes between rivals over positions of tradi- tional authority between two clans, will require primarily local solutions. However, other types of localized armed conflict may be intrinsically linked to the national level, and more amenable to top-down intervention. An example would be competition over political roles at the subfederal or district level. Experience shows that international interventions often neglect local mediation and conflict resolution, focusing instead on national-level cleavages. However, in many instances a combination of local and national conflict or dispute resolution mechanisms, including traditional ones, may be required. For these reasons, local political dynamics should be assessed.In addition to these local- and national-level dynamics, DDR practitioners should also understand and address cross-border\/transnational conflict causes and dynamics, including their gender dimensions, as well as the interdependencies of armed groups with regional actors. In some cases, foreign armed groups may receive support from a third country, have bases across a border, or draw recruits and support from commu- nities that straddle a border. These contexts often require approaches to repatriate for- eign combatants and persons associated with foreign armed groups. Such programmes should be accompanied by reintegration support in the former combatant\u2019s country of origin (see also IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).Regional dimensions may also involve the presence of regional or international forces operating in the country. Their impact on DDR should be assessed, and the con- fluence of DDR efforts and ongoing military operations against non-signatory move- ments may need to be managed. DDR processes are voluntary and shall not be conflated with counter-insurgency operations or used to achieve counter-insurgency objectives.The conflict may also have international links beyond the immediate region. These may include proxy wars, economic interests, and political support to one or several groups, as well as links to organized crime networks. Those involved may have specific inter- ests to protect in the conflict and might favour one side over the other, or a specific out- come. DDR processes will not usually address these factors directly, but their success may be influenced by the need to engage politically or otherwise with these external actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":301, "Sentence":"Some incidents of localized violence, such as clashes between rivals over positions of tradi- tional authority between two clans, will require primarily local solutions.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR incident localized violence clash rival position tradi tional authority two clan require primarily local solution ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Local, national, regional and international dynamics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"National-level peace agreements will not always put an end to local-level conflicts. Local agendas \u2013 at the level of the individual, family, clan, municipality, community, district or ethnic group \u2013 can at least partly drive the continuation of violence. Some incidents of localized violence, such as clashes between rivals over positions of tradi- tional authority between two clans, will require primarily local solutions. However, other types of localized armed conflict may be intrinsically linked to the national level, and more amenable to top-down intervention. An example would be competition over political roles at the subfederal or district level. Experience shows that international interventions often neglect local mediation and conflict resolution, focusing instead on national-level cleavages. However, in many instances a combination of local and national conflict or dispute resolution mechanisms, including traditional ones, may be required. For these reasons, local political dynamics should be assessed.In addition to these local- and national-level dynamics, DDR practitioners should also understand and address cross-border\/transnational conflict causes and dynamics, including their gender dimensions, as well as the interdependencies of armed groups with regional actors. In some cases, foreign armed groups may receive support from a third country, have bases across a border, or draw recruits and support from commu- nities that straddle a border. These contexts often require approaches to repatriate for- eign combatants and persons associated with foreign armed groups. Such programmes should be accompanied by reintegration support in the former combatant\u2019s country of origin (see also IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).Regional dimensions may also involve the presence of regional or international forces operating in the country. Their impact on DDR should be assessed, and the con- fluence of DDR efforts and ongoing military operations against non-signatory move- ments may need to be managed. DDR processes are voluntary and shall not be conflated with counter-insurgency operations or used to achieve counter-insurgency objectives.The conflict may also have international links beyond the immediate region. These may include proxy wars, economic interests, and political support to one or several groups, as well as links to organized crime networks. Those involved may have specific inter- ests to protect in the conflict and might favour one side over the other, or a specific out- come. DDR processes will not usually address these factors directly, but their success may be influenced by the need to engage politically or otherwise with these external actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":301, "Sentence":"However, other types of localized armed conflict may be intrinsically linked to the national level, and more amenable to top-down intervention.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR however type localized armed conflict may intrinsically linked national level amenable topdown intervention ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Local, national, regional and international dynamics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"National-level peace agreements will not always put an end to local-level conflicts. Local agendas \u2013 at the level of the individual, family, clan, municipality, community, district or ethnic group \u2013 can at least partly drive the continuation of violence. Some incidents of localized violence, such as clashes between rivals over positions of tradi- tional authority between two clans, will require primarily local solutions. However, other types of localized armed conflict may be intrinsically linked to the national level, and more amenable to top-down intervention. An example would be competition over political roles at the subfederal or district level. Experience shows that international interventions often neglect local mediation and conflict resolution, focusing instead on national-level cleavages. However, in many instances a combination of local and national conflict or dispute resolution mechanisms, including traditional ones, may be required. For these reasons, local political dynamics should be assessed.In addition to these local- and national-level dynamics, DDR practitioners should also understand and address cross-border\/transnational conflict causes and dynamics, including their gender dimensions, as well as the interdependencies of armed groups with regional actors. In some cases, foreign armed groups may receive support from a third country, have bases across a border, or draw recruits and support from commu- nities that straddle a border. These contexts often require approaches to repatriate for- eign combatants and persons associated with foreign armed groups. Such programmes should be accompanied by reintegration support in the former combatant\u2019s country of origin (see also IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).Regional dimensions may also involve the presence of regional or international forces operating in the country. Their impact on DDR should be assessed, and the con- fluence of DDR efforts and ongoing military operations against non-signatory move- ments may need to be managed. DDR processes are voluntary and shall not be conflated with counter-insurgency operations or used to achieve counter-insurgency objectives.The conflict may also have international links beyond the immediate region. These may include proxy wars, economic interests, and political support to one or several groups, as well as links to organized crime networks. Those involved may have specific inter- ests to protect in the conflict and might favour one side over the other, or a specific out- come. DDR processes will not usually address these factors directly, but their success may be influenced by the need to engage politically or otherwise with these external actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":301, "Sentence":"An example would be competition over political roles at the subfederal or district level.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR example would competition political role subfederal district level ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Local, national, regional and international dynamics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"National-level peace agreements will not always put an end to local-level conflicts. Local agendas \u2013 at the level of the individual, family, clan, municipality, community, district or ethnic group \u2013 can at least partly drive the continuation of violence. Some incidents of localized violence, such as clashes between rivals over positions of tradi- tional authority between two clans, will require primarily local solutions. However, other types of localized armed conflict may be intrinsically linked to the national level, and more amenable to top-down intervention. An example would be competition over political roles at the subfederal or district level. Experience shows that international interventions often neglect local mediation and conflict resolution, focusing instead on national-level cleavages. However, in many instances a combination of local and national conflict or dispute resolution mechanisms, including traditional ones, may be required. For these reasons, local political dynamics should be assessed.In addition to these local- and national-level dynamics, DDR practitioners should also understand and address cross-border\/transnational conflict causes and dynamics, including their gender dimensions, as well as the interdependencies of armed groups with regional actors. In some cases, foreign armed groups may receive support from a third country, have bases across a border, or draw recruits and support from commu- nities that straddle a border. These contexts often require approaches to repatriate for- eign combatants and persons associated with foreign armed groups. Such programmes should be accompanied by reintegration support in the former combatant\u2019s country of origin (see also IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).Regional dimensions may also involve the presence of regional or international forces operating in the country. Their impact on DDR should be assessed, and the con- fluence of DDR efforts and ongoing military operations against non-signatory move- ments may need to be managed. DDR processes are voluntary and shall not be conflated with counter-insurgency operations or used to achieve counter-insurgency objectives.The conflict may also have international links beyond the immediate region. These may include proxy wars, economic interests, and political support to one or several groups, as well as links to organized crime networks. Those involved may have specific inter- ests to protect in the conflict and might favour one side over the other, or a specific out- come. DDR processes will not usually address these factors directly, but their success may be influenced by the need to engage politically or otherwise with these external actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":301, "Sentence":"Experience shows that international interventions often neglect local mediation and conflict resolution, focusing instead on national-level cleavages.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR experience show international intervention often neglect local mediation conflict resolution focusing instead nationallevel cleavage ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Local, national, regional and international dynamics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"National-level peace agreements will not always put an end to local-level conflicts. Local agendas \u2013 at the level of the individual, family, clan, municipality, community, district or ethnic group \u2013 can at least partly drive the continuation of violence. Some incidents of localized violence, such as clashes between rivals over positions of tradi- tional authority between two clans, will require primarily local solutions. However, other types of localized armed conflict may be intrinsically linked to the national level, and more amenable to top-down intervention. An example would be competition over political roles at the subfederal or district level. Experience shows that international interventions often neglect local mediation and conflict resolution, focusing instead on national-level cleavages. However, in many instances a combination of local and national conflict or dispute resolution mechanisms, including traditional ones, may be required. For these reasons, local political dynamics should be assessed.In addition to these local- and national-level dynamics, DDR practitioners should also understand and address cross-border\/transnational conflict causes and dynamics, including their gender dimensions, as well as the interdependencies of armed groups with regional actors. In some cases, foreign armed groups may receive support from a third country, have bases across a border, or draw recruits and support from commu- nities that straddle a border. These contexts often require approaches to repatriate for- eign combatants and persons associated with foreign armed groups. Such programmes should be accompanied by reintegration support in the former combatant\u2019s country of origin (see also IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).Regional dimensions may also involve the presence of regional or international forces operating in the country. Their impact on DDR should be assessed, and the con- fluence of DDR efforts and ongoing military operations against non-signatory move- ments may need to be managed. DDR processes are voluntary and shall not be conflated with counter-insurgency operations or used to achieve counter-insurgency objectives.The conflict may also have international links beyond the immediate region. These may include proxy wars, economic interests, and political support to one or several groups, as well as links to organized crime networks. Those involved may have specific inter- ests to protect in the conflict and might favour one side over the other, or a specific out- come. DDR processes will not usually address these factors directly, but their success may be influenced by the need to engage politically or otherwise with these external actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":301, "Sentence":"However, in many instances a combination of local and national conflict or dispute resolution mechanisms, including traditional ones, may be required.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR however many instance combination local national conflict dispute resolution mechanism including traditional one may required ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Local, national, regional and international dynamics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"National-level peace agreements will not always put an end to local-level conflicts. Local agendas \u2013 at the level of the individual, family, clan, municipality, community, district or ethnic group \u2013 can at least partly drive the continuation of violence. Some incidents of localized violence, such as clashes between rivals over positions of tradi- tional authority between two clans, will require primarily local solutions. However, other types of localized armed conflict may be intrinsically linked to the national level, and more amenable to top-down intervention. An example would be competition over political roles at the subfederal or district level. Experience shows that international interventions often neglect local mediation and conflict resolution, focusing instead on national-level cleavages. However, in many instances a combination of local and national conflict or dispute resolution mechanisms, including traditional ones, may be required. For these reasons, local political dynamics should be assessed.In addition to these local- and national-level dynamics, DDR practitioners should also understand and address cross-border\/transnational conflict causes and dynamics, including their gender dimensions, as well as the interdependencies of armed groups with regional actors. In some cases, foreign armed groups may receive support from a third country, have bases across a border, or draw recruits and support from commu- nities that straddle a border. These contexts often require approaches to repatriate for- eign combatants and persons associated with foreign armed groups. Such programmes should be accompanied by reintegration support in the former combatant\u2019s country of origin (see also IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).Regional dimensions may also involve the presence of regional or international forces operating in the country. Their impact on DDR should be assessed, and the con- fluence of DDR efforts and ongoing military operations against non-signatory move- ments may need to be managed. DDR processes are voluntary and shall not be conflated with counter-insurgency operations or used to achieve counter-insurgency objectives.The conflict may also have international links beyond the immediate region. These may include proxy wars, economic interests, and political support to one or several groups, as well as links to organized crime networks. Those involved may have specific inter- ests to protect in the conflict and might favour one side over the other, or a specific out- come. DDR processes will not usually address these factors directly, but their success may be influenced by the need to engage politically or otherwise with these external actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":301, "Sentence":"For these reasons, local political dynamics should be assessed.In addition to these local- and national-level dynamics, DDR practitioners should also understand and address cross-border\/transnational conflict causes and dynamics, including their gender dimensions, as well as the interdependencies of armed groups with regional actors.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR reason local political dynamic assessed.in addition local nationallevel dynamic ddr practitioner also understand address crossborder\/transnational conflict cause dynamic including gender dimension well interdependency armed group regional actor ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Local, national, regional and international dynamics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"National-level peace agreements will not always put an end to local-level conflicts. Local agendas \u2013 at the level of the individual, family, clan, municipality, community, district or ethnic group \u2013 can at least partly drive the continuation of violence. Some incidents of localized violence, such as clashes between rivals over positions of tradi- tional authority between two clans, will require primarily local solutions. However, other types of localized armed conflict may be intrinsically linked to the national level, and more amenable to top-down intervention. An example would be competition over political roles at the subfederal or district level. Experience shows that international interventions often neglect local mediation and conflict resolution, focusing instead on national-level cleavages. However, in many instances a combination of local and national conflict or dispute resolution mechanisms, including traditional ones, may be required. For these reasons, local political dynamics should be assessed.In addition to these local- and national-level dynamics, DDR practitioners should also understand and address cross-border\/transnational conflict causes and dynamics, including their gender dimensions, as well as the interdependencies of armed groups with regional actors. In some cases, foreign armed groups may receive support from a third country, have bases across a border, or draw recruits and support from commu- nities that straddle a border. These contexts often require approaches to repatriate for- eign combatants and persons associated with foreign armed groups. Such programmes should be accompanied by reintegration support in the former combatant\u2019s country of origin (see also IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).Regional dimensions may also involve the presence of regional or international forces operating in the country. Their impact on DDR should be assessed, and the con- fluence of DDR efforts and ongoing military operations against non-signatory move- ments may need to be managed. DDR processes are voluntary and shall not be conflated with counter-insurgency operations or used to achieve counter-insurgency objectives.The conflict may also have international links beyond the immediate region. These may include proxy wars, economic interests, and political support to one or several groups, as well as links to organized crime networks. Those involved may have specific inter- ests to protect in the conflict and might favour one side over the other, or a specific out- come. DDR processes will not usually address these factors directly, but their success may be influenced by the need to engage politically or otherwise with these external actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":301, "Sentence":"In some cases, foreign armed groups may receive support from a third country, have bases across a border, or draw recruits and support from commu- nities that straddle a border.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR case foreign armed group may receive support third country base across border draw recruit support commu nities straddle border ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Local, national, regional and international dynamics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"National-level peace agreements will not always put an end to local-level conflicts. Local agendas \u2013 at the level of the individual, family, clan, municipality, community, district or ethnic group \u2013 can at least partly drive the continuation of violence. Some incidents of localized violence, such as clashes between rivals over positions of tradi- tional authority between two clans, will require primarily local solutions. However, other types of localized armed conflict may be intrinsically linked to the national level, and more amenable to top-down intervention. An example would be competition over political roles at the subfederal or district level. Experience shows that international interventions often neglect local mediation and conflict resolution, focusing instead on national-level cleavages. However, in many instances a combination of local and national conflict or dispute resolution mechanisms, including traditional ones, may be required. For these reasons, local political dynamics should be assessed.In addition to these local- and national-level dynamics, DDR practitioners should also understand and address cross-border\/transnational conflict causes and dynamics, including their gender dimensions, as well as the interdependencies of armed groups with regional actors. In some cases, foreign armed groups may receive support from a third country, have bases across a border, or draw recruits and support from commu- nities that straddle a border. These contexts often require approaches to repatriate for- eign combatants and persons associated with foreign armed groups. Such programmes should be accompanied by reintegration support in the former combatant\u2019s country of origin (see also IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).Regional dimensions may also involve the presence of regional or international forces operating in the country. Their impact on DDR should be assessed, and the con- fluence of DDR efforts and ongoing military operations against non-signatory move- ments may need to be managed. DDR processes are voluntary and shall not be conflated with counter-insurgency operations or used to achieve counter-insurgency objectives.The conflict may also have international links beyond the immediate region. These may include proxy wars, economic interests, and political support to one or several groups, as well as links to organized crime networks. Those involved may have specific inter- ests to protect in the conflict and might favour one side over the other, or a specific out- come. DDR processes will not usually address these factors directly, but their success may be influenced by the need to engage politically or otherwise with these external actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":301, "Sentence":"These contexts often require approaches to repatriate for- eign combatants and persons associated with foreign armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR context often require approach repatriate eign combatant person associated foreign armed group ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Local, national, regional and international dynamics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"National-level peace agreements will not always put an end to local-level conflicts. Local agendas \u2013 at the level of the individual, family, clan, municipality, community, district or ethnic group \u2013 can at least partly drive the continuation of violence. Some incidents of localized violence, such as clashes between rivals over positions of tradi- tional authority between two clans, will require primarily local solutions. However, other types of localized armed conflict may be intrinsically linked to the national level, and more amenable to top-down intervention. An example would be competition over political roles at the subfederal or district level. Experience shows that international interventions often neglect local mediation and conflict resolution, focusing instead on national-level cleavages. However, in many instances a combination of local and national conflict or dispute resolution mechanisms, including traditional ones, may be required. For these reasons, local political dynamics should be assessed.In addition to these local- and national-level dynamics, DDR practitioners should also understand and address cross-border\/transnational conflict causes and dynamics, including their gender dimensions, as well as the interdependencies of armed groups with regional actors. In some cases, foreign armed groups may receive support from a third country, have bases across a border, or draw recruits and support from commu- nities that straddle a border. These contexts often require approaches to repatriate for- eign combatants and persons associated with foreign armed groups. Such programmes should be accompanied by reintegration support in the former combatant\u2019s country of origin (see also IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).Regional dimensions may also involve the presence of regional or international forces operating in the country. Their impact on DDR should be assessed, and the con- fluence of DDR efforts and ongoing military operations against non-signatory move- ments may need to be managed. DDR processes are voluntary and shall not be conflated with counter-insurgency operations or used to achieve counter-insurgency objectives.The conflict may also have international links beyond the immediate region. These may include proxy wars, economic interests, and political support to one or several groups, as well as links to organized crime networks. Those involved may have specific inter- ests to protect in the conflict and might favour one side over the other, or a specific out- come. DDR processes will not usually address these factors directly, but their success may be influenced by the need to engage politically or otherwise with these external actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":301, "Sentence":"Such programmes should be accompanied by reintegration support in the former combatant\u2019s country of origin (see also IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).Regional dimensions may also involve the presence of regional or international forces operating in the country.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR programme accompanied reintegration support former combatant \u2019 country origin see also iddrs 5.40 crossborder population movements.regional dimension may also involve presence regional international force operating country ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Local, national, regional and international dynamics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"National-level peace agreements will not always put an end to local-level conflicts. Local agendas \u2013 at the level of the individual, family, clan, municipality, community, district or ethnic group \u2013 can at least partly drive the continuation of violence. Some incidents of localized violence, such as clashes between rivals over positions of tradi- tional authority between two clans, will require primarily local solutions. However, other types of localized armed conflict may be intrinsically linked to the national level, and more amenable to top-down intervention. An example would be competition over political roles at the subfederal or district level. Experience shows that international interventions often neglect local mediation and conflict resolution, focusing instead on national-level cleavages. However, in many instances a combination of local and national conflict or dispute resolution mechanisms, including traditional ones, may be required. For these reasons, local political dynamics should be assessed.In addition to these local- and national-level dynamics, DDR practitioners should also understand and address cross-border\/transnational conflict causes and dynamics, including their gender dimensions, as well as the interdependencies of armed groups with regional actors. In some cases, foreign armed groups may receive support from a third country, have bases across a border, or draw recruits and support from commu- nities that straddle a border. These contexts often require approaches to repatriate for- eign combatants and persons associated with foreign armed groups. Such programmes should be accompanied by reintegration support in the former combatant\u2019s country of origin (see also IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).Regional dimensions may also involve the presence of regional or international forces operating in the country. Their impact on DDR should be assessed, and the con- fluence of DDR efforts and ongoing military operations against non-signatory move- ments may need to be managed. DDR processes are voluntary and shall not be conflated with counter-insurgency operations or used to achieve counter-insurgency objectives.The conflict may also have international links beyond the immediate region. These may include proxy wars, economic interests, and political support to one or several groups, as well as links to organized crime networks. Those involved may have specific inter- ests to protect in the conflict and might favour one side over the other, or a specific out- come. DDR processes will not usually address these factors directly, but their success may be influenced by the need to engage politically or otherwise with these external actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":301, "Sentence":"Their impact on DDR should be assessed, and the con- fluence of DDR efforts and ongoing military operations against non-signatory move- ments may need to be managed.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR impact ddr assessed con fluence ddr effort ongoing military operation nonsignatory move ments may need managed ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Local, national, regional and international dynamics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"National-level peace agreements will not always put an end to local-level conflicts. Local agendas \u2013 at the level of the individual, family, clan, municipality, community, district or ethnic group \u2013 can at least partly drive the continuation of violence. Some incidents of localized violence, such as clashes between rivals over positions of tradi- tional authority between two clans, will require primarily local solutions. However, other types of localized armed conflict may be intrinsically linked to the national level, and more amenable to top-down intervention. An example would be competition over political roles at the subfederal or district level. Experience shows that international interventions often neglect local mediation and conflict resolution, focusing instead on national-level cleavages. However, in many instances a combination of local and national conflict or dispute resolution mechanisms, including traditional ones, may be required. For these reasons, local political dynamics should be assessed.In addition to these local- and national-level dynamics, DDR practitioners should also understand and address cross-border\/transnational conflict causes and dynamics, including their gender dimensions, as well as the interdependencies of armed groups with regional actors. In some cases, foreign armed groups may receive support from a third country, have bases across a border, or draw recruits and support from commu- nities that straddle a border. These contexts often require approaches to repatriate for- eign combatants and persons associated with foreign armed groups. Such programmes should be accompanied by reintegration support in the former combatant\u2019s country of origin (see also IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).Regional dimensions may also involve the presence of regional or international forces operating in the country. Their impact on DDR should be assessed, and the con- fluence of DDR efforts and ongoing military operations against non-signatory move- ments may need to be managed. DDR processes are voluntary and shall not be conflated with counter-insurgency operations or used to achieve counter-insurgency objectives.The conflict may also have international links beyond the immediate region. These may include proxy wars, economic interests, and political support to one or several groups, as well as links to organized crime networks. Those involved may have specific inter- ests to protect in the conflict and might favour one side over the other, or a specific out- come. DDR processes will not usually address these factors directly, but their success may be influenced by the need to engage politically or otherwise with these external actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":301, "Sentence":"DDR processes are voluntary and shall not be conflated with counter-insurgency operations or used to achieve counter-insurgency objectives.The conflict may also have international links beyond the immediate region.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddr process voluntary shall conflated counterinsurgency operation used achieve counterinsurgency objectives.the conflict may also international link beyond immediate region ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Local, national, regional and international dynamics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"National-level peace agreements will not always put an end to local-level conflicts. Local agendas \u2013 at the level of the individual, family, clan, municipality, community, district or ethnic group \u2013 can at least partly drive the continuation of violence. Some incidents of localized violence, such as clashes between rivals over positions of tradi- tional authority between two clans, will require primarily local solutions. However, other types of localized armed conflict may be intrinsically linked to the national level, and more amenable to top-down intervention. An example would be competition over political roles at the subfederal or district level. Experience shows that international interventions often neglect local mediation and conflict resolution, focusing instead on national-level cleavages. However, in many instances a combination of local and national conflict or dispute resolution mechanisms, including traditional ones, may be required. For these reasons, local political dynamics should be assessed.In addition to these local- and national-level dynamics, DDR practitioners should also understand and address cross-border\/transnational conflict causes and dynamics, including their gender dimensions, as well as the interdependencies of armed groups with regional actors. In some cases, foreign armed groups may receive support from a third country, have bases across a border, or draw recruits and support from commu- nities that straddle a border. These contexts often require approaches to repatriate for- eign combatants and persons associated with foreign armed groups. Such programmes should be accompanied by reintegration support in the former combatant\u2019s country of origin (see also IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).Regional dimensions may also involve the presence of regional or international forces operating in the country. Their impact on DDR should be assessed, and the con- fluence of DDR efforts and ongoing military operations against non-signatory move- ments may need to be managed. DDR processes are voluntary and shall not be conflated with counter-insurgency operations or used to achieve counter-insurgency objectives.The conflict may also have international links beyond the immediate region. These may include proxy wars, economic interests, and political support to one or several groups, as well as links to organized crime networks. Those involved may have specific inter- ests to protect in the conflict and might favour one side over the other, or a specific out- come. DDR processes will not usually address these factors directly, but their success may be influenced by the need to engage politically or otherwise with these external actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":301, "Sentence":"These may include proxy wars, economic interests, and political support to one or several groups, as well as links to organized crime networks.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR may include proxy war economic interest political support one several group well link organized crime network ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Local, national, regional and international dynamics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"National-level peace agreements will not always put an end to local-level conflicts. Local agendas \u2013 at the level of the individual, family, clan, municipality, community, district or ethnic group \u2013 can at least partly drive the continuation of violence. Some incidents of localized violence, such as clashes between rivals over positions of tradi- tional authority between two clans, will require primarily local solutions. However, other types of localized armed conflict may be intrinsically linked to the national level, and more amenable to top-down intervention. An example would be competition over political roles at the subfederal or district level. Experience shows that international interventions often neglect local mediation and conflict resolution, focusing instead on national-level cleavages. However, in many instances a combination of local and national conflict or dispute resolution mechanisms, including traditional ones, may be required. For these reasons, local political dynamics should be assessed.In addition to these local- and national-level dynamics, DDR practitioners should also understand and address cross-border\/transnational conflict causes and dynamics, including their gender dimensions, as well as the interdependencies of armed groups with regional actors. In some cases, foreign armed groups may receive support from a third country, have bases across a border, or draw recruits and support from commu- nities that straddle a border. These contexts often require approaches to repatriate for- eign combatants and persons associated with foreign armed groups. Such programmes should be accompanied by reintegration support in the former combatant\u2019s country of origin (see also IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).Regional dimensions may also involve the presence of regional or international forces operating in the country. Their impact on DDR should be assessed, and the con- fluence of DDR efforts and ongoing military operations against non-signatory move- ments may need to be managed. DDR processes are voluntary and shall not be conflated with counter-insurgency operations or used to achieve counter-insurgency objectives.The conflict may also have international links beyond the immediate region. These may include proxy wars, economic interests, and political support to one or several groups, as well as links to organized crime networks. Those involved may have specific inter- ests to protect in the conflict and might favour one side over the other, or a specific out- come. DDR processes will not usually address these factors directly, but their success may be influenced by the need to engage politically or otherwise with these external actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":301, "Sentence":"Those involved may have specific inter- ests to protect in the conflict and might favour one side over the other, or a specific out- come.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR involved may specific inter est protect conflict might favour one side specific come ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Local, national, regional and international dynamics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"National-level peace agreements will not always put an end to local-level conflicts. Local agendas \u2013 at the level of the individual, family, clan, municipality, community, district or ethnic group \u2013 can at least partly drive the continuation of violence. Some incidents of localized violence, such as clashes between rivals over positions of tradi- tional authority between two clans, will require primarily local solutions. However, other types of localized armed conflict may be intrinsically linked to the national level, and more amenable to top-down intervention. An example would be competition over political roles at the subfederal or district level. Experience shows that international interventions often neglect local mediation and conflict resolution, focusing instead on national-level cleavages. However, in many instances a combination of local and national conflict or dispute resolution mechanisms, including traditional ones, may be required. For these reasons, local political dynamics should be assessed.In addition to these local- and national-level dynamics, DDR practitioners should also understand and address cross-border\/transnational conflict causes and dynamics, including their gender dimensions, as well as the interdependencies of armed groups with regional actors. In some cases, foreign armed groups may receive support from a third country, have bases across a border, or draw recruits and support from commu- nities that straddle a border. These contexts often require approaches to repatriate for- eign combatants and persons associated with foreign armed groups. Such programmes should be accompanied by reintegration support in the former combatant\u2019s country of origin (see also IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).Regional dimensions may also involve the presence of regional or international forces operating in the country. Their impact on DDR should be assessed, and the con- fluence of DDR efforts and ongoing military operations against non-signatory move- ments may need to be managed. DDR processes are voluntary and shall not be conflated with counter-insurgency operations or used to achieve counter-insurgency objectives.The conflict may also have international links beyond the immediate region. These may include proxy wars, economic interests, and political support to one or several groups, as well as links to organized crime networks. Those involved may have specific inter- ests to protect in the conflict and might favour one side over the other, or a specific out- come. DDR processes will not usually address these factors directly, but their success may be influenced by the need to engage politically or otherwise with these external actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":301, "Sentence":"DDR processes will not usually address these factors directly, but their success may be influenced by the need to engage politically or otherwise with these external actors.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddr process usually address factor directly success may influenced need engage politically otherwise external actor ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.5 DDR in conflict contexts or in contexts with multiple armed groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, integrated DDR processes may be pursued even when conflict is ongoing. In these contexts, DDR practitioners will need to assess how their interventions may affect local, national, regional and international political dynamics. For example, will the implementation of CVR projects contribute to the restoration and reinvigoration of (dormant) local government (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction)? Will local-level interventions impact political dynamics only at the local level, or will they also have an impact on national-level dynamics?In conflict settings, DDR practitioners should also assess the political dynamics created by the presence of multiple armed groups. Complex contexts involving multiple armed groups can increase the pressure for a peace agreement to succeed (including through successful DDR and the transformation of armed groups into political parties) if this provides an example and an incentive for other armed groups to enter into a negotiated solution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":302, "Sentence":"As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, integrated DDR processes may be pursued even when conflict is ongoing.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR outlined iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr integrated ddr process may pursued even conflict ongoing ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.5 DDR in conflict contexts or in contexts with multiple armed groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, integrated DDR processes may be pursued even when conflict is ongoing. In these contexts, DDR practitioners will need to assess how their interventions may affect local, national, regional and international political dynamics. For example, will the implementation of CVR projects contribute to the restoration and reinvigoration of (dormant) local government (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction)? Will local-level interventions impact political dynamics only at the local level, or will they also have an impact on national-level dynamics?In conflict settings, DDR practitioners should also assess the political dynamics created by the presence of multiple armed groups. Complex contexts involving multiple armed groups can increase the pressure for a peace agreement to succeed (including through successful DDR and the transformation of armed groups into political parties) if this provides an example and an incentive for other armed groups to enter into a negotiated solution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":302, "Sentence":"In these contexts, DDR practitioners will need to assess how their interventions may affect local, national, regional and international political dynamics.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR context ddr practitioner need ass intervention may affect local national regional international political dynamic ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.5 DDR in conflict contexts or in contexts with multiple armed groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, integrated DDR processes may be pursued even when conflict is ongoing. In these contexts, DDR practitioners will need to assess how their interventions may affect local, national, regional and international political dynamics. For example, will the implementation of CVR projects contribute to the restoration and reinvigoration of (dormant) local government (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction)? Will local-level interventions impact political dynamics only at the local level, or will they also have an impact on national-level dynamics?In conflict settings, DDR practitioners should also assess the political dynamics created by the presence of multiple armed groups. Complex contexts involving multiple armed groups can increase the pressure for a peace agreement to succeed (including through successful DDR and the transformation of armed groups into political parties) if this provides an example and an incentive for other armed groups to enter into a negotiated solution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":302, "Sentence":"For example, will the implementation of CVR projects contribute to the restoration and reinvigoration of (dormant) local government (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction)?", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR example implementation cvr project contribute restoration reinvigoration dormant local government see iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction" }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.5 DDR in conflict contexts or in contexts with multiple armed groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, integrated DDR processes may be pursued even when conflict is ongoing. In these contexts, DDR practitioners will need to assess how their interventions may affect local, national, regional and international political dynamics. For example, will the implementation of CVR projects contribute to the restoration and reinvigoration of (dormant) local government (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction)? Will local-level interventions impact political dynamics only at the local level, or will they also have an impact on national-level dynamics?In conflict settings, DDR practitioners should also assess the political dynamics created by the presence of multiple armed groups. Complex contexts involving multiple armed groups can increase the pressure for a peace agreement to succeed (including through successful DDR and the transformation of armed groups into political parties) if this provides an example and an incentive for other armed groups to enter into a negotiated solution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":302, "Sentence":"Will local-level interventions impact political dynamics only at the local level, or will they also have an impact on national-level dynamics?In conflict settings, DDR practitioners should also assess the political dynamics created by the presence of multiple armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR locallevel intervention impact political dynamic local level also impact nationallevel dynamicsin conflict setting ddr practitioner also ass political dynamic created presence multiple armed group ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Understanding and analyzing the political dynamics of DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Contextual considerations ", "Heading3":"5.1.5 DDR in conflict contexts or in contexts with multiple armed groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, integrated DDR processes may be pursued even when conflict is ongoing. In these contexts, DDR practitioners will need to assess how their interventions may affect local, national, regional and international political dynamics. For example, will the implementation of CVR projects contribute to the restoration and reinvigoration of (dormant) local government (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction)? Will local-level interventions impact political dynamics only at the local level, or will they also have an impact on national-level dynamics?In conflict settings, DDR practitioners should also assess the political dynamics created by the presence of multiple armed groups. Complex contexts involving multiple armed groups can increase the pressure for a peace agreement to succeed (including through successful DDR and the transformation of armed groups into political parties) if this provides an example and an incentive for other armed groups to enter into a negotiated solution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":302, "Sentence":"Complex contexts involving multiple armed groups can increase the pressure for a peace agreement to succeed (including through successful DDR and the transformation of armed groups into political parties) if this provides an example and an incentive for other armed groups to enter into a negotiated solution.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR complex context involving multiple armed group increase pressure peace agreement succeed including successful ddr transformation armed group political party provides example incentive armed group enter negotiated solution ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governments and armed groups are key stakeholders in peace processes. Despite this, the commitment of these parties cannot be taken for granted and steps should be tak- en to build their support for the DDR process. It will be important to consider various options and approaches at each stage of the DDR process so as to ensure that next steps are politically acceptable and therefore more likely to be attractive to the parties. If there is insufficient political support for DDR, its efficacy may be undermined. In order to foster political will for DDR, the following factors should be taken into account:", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":303, "Sentence":"Governments and armed groups are key stakeholders in peace processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR government armed group key stakeholder peace process ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governments and armed groups are key stakeholders in peace processes. Despite this, the commitment of these parties cannot be taken for granted and steps should be tak- en to build their support for the DDR process. It will be important to consider various options and approaches at each stage of the DDR process so as to ensure that next steps are politically acceptable and therefore more likely to be attractive to the parties. If there is insufficient political support for DDR, its efficacy may be undermined. In order to foster political will for DDR, the following factors should be taken into account:", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":303, "Sentence":"Despite this, the commitment of these parties cannot be taken for granted and steps should be tak- en to build their support for the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR despite commitment party taken granted step tak en build support ddr process ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governments and armed groups are key stakeholders in peace processes. Despite this, the commitment of these parties cannot be taken for granted and steps should be tak- en to build their support for the DDR process. It will be important to consider various options and approaches at each stage of the DDR process so as to ensure that next steps are politically acceptable and therefore more likely to be attractive to the parties. If there is insufficient political support for DDR, its efficacy may be undermined. In order to foster political will for DDR, the following factors should be taken into account:", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":303, "Sentence":"It will be important to consider various options and approaches at each stage of the DDR process so as to ensure that next steps are politically acceptable and therefore more likely to be attractive to the parties.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR important consider various option approach stage ddr process ensure next step politically acceptable therefore likely attractive party ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governments and armed groups are key stakeholders in peace processes. Despite this, the commitment of these parties cannot be taken for granted and steps should be tak- en to build their support for the DDR process. It will be important to consider various options and approaches at each stage of the DDR process so as to ensure that next steps are politically acceptable and therefore more likely to be attractive to the parties. If there is insufficient political support for DDR, its efficacy may be undermined. In order to foster political will for DDR, the following factors should be taken into account:", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":303, "Sentence":"If there is insufficient political support for DDR, its efficacy may be undermined.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR insufficient political support ddr efficacy may undermined ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governments and armed groups are key stakeholders in peace processes. Despite this, the commitment of these parties cannot be taken for granted and steps should be tak- en to build their support for the DDR process. It will be important to consider various options and approaches at each stage of the DDR process so as to ensure that next steps are politically acceptable and therefore more likely to be attractive to the parties. If there is insufficient political support for DDR, its efficacy may be undermined. In order to foster political will for DDR, the following factors should be taken into account:", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":303, "Sentence":"In order to foster political will for DDR, the following factors should be taken into account:", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR order foster political ddr following factor taken account" }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.1 The political aspirations of armed groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Participation in peacetime politics may be a key demand of groups, and the opportu- nity to do so may be used as an incentive for them to enter into a peace agreement. If armed groups, armed forces or wartime Governments are to become part of the political process, they should transform themselves into entities able to operate in a transitional political administration or an electoral system.Leaders may be reluctant to give up their command and therefore lose their political base before they are able to make the shift to a political party that can re- ab- sorb this constituency. At the same time, they may be unwilling to give up their wartime structures until they are sure that the political provisions of an agreement will be implemented.DDR processes should consider the parties\u2019 political motivations. Doing so can reassure armed groups that they can retain the ability to pursue their political agen- das through peaceful means and that they can therefore safely disband their military structures.The post-conflict demilitarization of politics and institutions goes beyond DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates, yet DDR processes should not ignore the political aspirations of armed groups and their members. Such aspirations may include participating in political life by being able to vote, being a member of a political party that represents their ideas and aims, or running for office.For some armed groups, participation in politics may involve transformation into a political party, a merger or alignment with an existing party, or the candidacy of former members in elections.The transformation of an armed group into a political party may appear to be incompatible with the aim of disbanding military structures and breaking their chains of command and control because a political party may seek to build upon wartime com- mand structures. Practitioners and political leaders need to consider the effects of a DDR process that seeks to disband and break the structures of an armed group that aims to become a political party. Attention should be paid as to whether the planned DDR pro- cess could help or hinder this transformation and whether this could support or undermine the wider peace process. DDR processes may need to be adapted accordingly.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":304, "Sentence":"Participation in peacetime politics may be a key demand of groups, and the opportu- nity to do so may be used as an incentive for them to enter into a peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR participation peacetime politics may key demand group opportu nity may used incentive enter peace agreement ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.1 The political aspirations of armed groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Participation in peacetime politics may be a key demand of groups, and the opportu- nity to do so may be used as an incentive for them to enter into a peace agreement. If armed groups, armed forces or wartime Governments are to become part of the political process, they should transform themselves into entities able to operate in a transitional political administration or an electoral system.Leaders may be reluctant to give up their command and therefore lose their political base before they are able to make the shift to a political party that can re- ab- sorb this constituency. At the same time, they may be unwilling to give up their wartime structures until they are sure that the political provisions of an agreement will be implemented.DDR processes should consider the parties\u2019 political motivations. Doing so can reassure armed groups that they can retain the ability to pursue their political agen- das through peaceful means and that they can therefore safely disband their military structures.The post-conflict demilitarization of politics and institutions goes beyond DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates, yet DDR processes should not ignore the political aspirations of armed groups and their members. Such aspirations may include participating in political life by being able to vote, being a member of a political party that represents their ideas and aims, or running for office.For some armed groups, participation in politics may involve transformation into a political party, a merger or alignment with an existing party, or the candidacy of former members in elections.The transformation of an armed group into a political party may appear to be incompatible with the aim of disbanding military structures and breaking their chains of command and control because a political party may seek to build upon wartime com- mand structures. Practitioners and political leaders need to consider the effects of a DDR process that seeks to disband and break the structures of an armed group that aims to become a political party. Attention should be paid as to whether the planned DDR pro- cess could help or hinder this transformation and whether this could support or undermine the wider peace process. DDR processes may need to be adapted accordingly.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":304, "Sentence":"If armed groups, armed forces or wartime Governments are to become part of the political process, they should transform themselves into entities able to operate in a transitional political administration or an electoral system.Leaders may be reluctant to give up their command and therefore lose their political base before they are able to make the shift to a political party that can re- ab- sorb this constituency.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR armed group armed force wartime government become part political process transform entity able operate transitional political administration electoral system.leaders may reluctant give command therefore lose political base able make shift political party ab sorb constituency ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.1 The political aspirations of armed groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Participation in peacetime politics may be a key demand of groups, and the opportu- nity to do so may be used as an incentive for them to enter into a peace agreement. If armed groups, armed forces or wartime Governments are to become part of the political process, they should transform themselves into entities able to operate in a transitional political administration or an electoral system.Leaders may be reluctant to give up their command and therefore lose their political base before they are able to make the shift to a political party that can re- ab- sorb this constituency. At the same time, they may be unwilling to give up their wartime structures until they are sure that the political provisions of an agreement will be implemented.DDR processes should consider the parties\u2019 political motivations. Doing so can reassure armed groups that they can retain the ability to pursue their political agen- das through peaceful means and that they can therefore safely disband their military structures.The post-conflict demilitarization of politics and institutions goes beyond DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates, yet DDR processes should not ignore the political aspirations of armed groups and their members. Such aspirations may include participating in political life by being able to vote, being a member of a political party that represents their ideas and aims, or running for office.For some armed groups, participation in politics may involve transformation into a political party, a merger or alignment with an existing party, or the candidacy of former members in elections.The transformation of an armed group into a political party may appear to be incompatible with the aim of disbanding military structures and breaking their chains of command and control because a political party may seek to build upon wartime com- mand structures. Practitioners and political leaders need to consider the effects of a DDR process that seeks to disband and break the structures of an armed group that aims to become a political party. Attention should be paid as to whether the planned DDR pro- cess could help or hinder this transformation and whether this could support or undermine the wider peace process. DDR processes may need to be adapted accordingly.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":304, "Sentence":"At the same time, they may be unwilling to give up their wartime structures until they are sure that the political provisions of an agreement will be implemented.DDR processes should consider the parties\u2019 political motivations.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR time may unwilling give wartime structure sure political provision agreement implemented.ddr process consider party \u2019 political motivation ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.1 The political aspirations of armed groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Participation in peacetime politics may be a key demand of groups, and the opportu- nity to do so may be used as an incentive for them to enter into a peace agreement. If armed groups, armed forces or wartime Governments are to become part of the political process, they should transform themselves into entities able to operate in a transitional political administration or an electoral system.Leaders may be reluctant to give up their command and therefore lose their political base before they are able to make the shift to a political party that can re- ab- sorb this constituency. At the same time, they may be unwilling to give up their wartime structures until they are sure that the political provisions of an agreement will be implemented.DDR processes should consider the parties\u2019 political motivations. Doing so can reassure armed groups that they can retain the ability to pursue their political agen- das through peaceful means and that they can therefore safely disband their military structures.The post-conflict demilitarization of politics and institutions goes beyond DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates, yet DDR processes should not ignore the political aspirations of armed groups and their members. Such aspirations may include participating in political life by being able to vote, being a member of a political party that represents their ideas and aims, or running for office.For some armed groups, participation in politics may involve transformation into a political party, a merger or alignment with an existing party, or the candidacy of former members in elections.The transformation of an armed group into a political party may appear to be incompatible with the aim of disbanding military structures and breaking their chains of command and control because a political party may seek to build upon wartime com- mand structures. Practitioners and political leaders need to consider the effects of a DDR process that seeks to disband and break the structures of an armed group that aims to become a political party. Attention should be paid as to whether the planned DDR pro- cess could help or hinder this transformation and whether this could support or undermine the wider peace process. DDR processes may need to be adapted accordingly.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":304, "Sentence":"Doing so can reassure armed groups that they can retain the ability to pursue their political agen- das through peaceful means and that they can therefore safely disband their military structures.The post-conflict demilitarization of politics and institutions goes beyond DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates, yet DDR processes should not ignore the political aspirations of armed groups and their members.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR reassure armed group retain ability pursue political agen da peaceful mean therefore safely disband military structures.the postconflict demilitarization politics institution go beyond ddr practitioner \u2019 mandate yet ddr process ignore political aspiration armed group member ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.1 The political aspirations of armed groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Participation in peacetime politics may be a key demand of groups, and the opportu- nity to do so may be used as an incentive for them to enter into a peace agreement. If armed groups, armed forces or wartime Governments are to become part of the political process, they should transform themselves into entities able to operate in a transitional political administration or an electoral system.Leaders may be reluctant to give up their command and therefore lose their political base before they are able to make the shift to a political party that can re- ab- sorb this constituency. At the same time, they may be unwilling to give up their wartime structures until they are sure that the political provisions of an agreement will be implemented.DDR processes should consider the parties\u2019 political motivations. Doing so can reassure armed groups that they can retain the ability to pursue their political agen- das through peaceful means and that they can therefore safely disband their military structures.The post-conflict demilitarization of politics and institutions goes beyond DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates, yet DDR processes should not ignore the political aspirations of armed groups and their members. Such aspirations may include participating in political life by being able to vote, being a member of a political party that represents their ideas and aims, or running for office.For some armed groups, participation in politics may involve transformation into a political party, a merger or alignment with an existing party, or the candidacy of former members in elections.The transformation of an armed group into a political party may appear to be incompatible with the aim of disbanding military structures and breaking their chains of command and control because a political party may seek to build upon wartime com- mand structures. Practitioners and political leaders need to consider the effects of a DDR process that seeks to disband and break the structures of an armed group that aims to become a political party. Attention should be paid as to whether the planned DDR pro- cess could help or hinder this transformation and whether this could support or undermine the wider peace process. DDR processes may need to be adapted accordingly.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":304, "Sentence":"Such aspirations may include participating in political life by being able to vote, being a member of a political party that represents their ideas and aims, or running for office.For some armed groups, participation in politics may involve transformation into a political party, a merger or alignment with an existing party, or the candidacy of former members in elections.The transformation of an armed group into a political party may appear to be incompatible with the aim of disbanding military structures and breaking their chains of command and control because a political party may seek to build upon wartime com- mand structures.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR aspiration may include participating political life able vote member political party represents idea aim running office.for armed group participation politics may involve transformation political party merger alignment existing party candidacy former member elections.the transformation armed group political party may appear incompatible aim disbanding military structure breaking chain command control political party may seek build upon wartime com mand structure ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.1 The political aspirations of armed groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Participation in peacetime politics may be a key demand of groups, and the opportu- nity to do so may be used as an incentive for them to enter into a peace agreement. If armed groups, armed forces or wartime Governments are to become part of the political process, they should transform themselves into entities able to operate in a transitional political administration or an electoral system.Leaders may be reluctant to give up their command and therefore lose their political base before they are able to make the shift to a political party that can re- ab- sorb this constituency. At the same time, they may be unwilling to give up their wartime structures until they are sure that the political provisions of an agreement will be implemented.DDR processes should consider the parties\u2019 political motivations. Doing so can reassure armed groups that they can retain the ability to pursue their political agen- das through peaceful means and that they can therefore safely disband their military structures.The post-conflict demilitarization of politics and institutions goes beyond DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates, yet DDR processes should not ignore the political aspirations of armed groups and their members. Such aspirations may include participating in political life by being able to vote, being a member of a political party that represents their ideas and aims, or running for office.For some armed groups, participation in politics may involve transformation into a political party, a merger or alignment with an existing party, or the candidacy of former members in elections.The transformation of an armed group into a political party may appear to be incompatible with the aim of disbanding military structures and breaking their chains of command and control because a political party may seek to build upon wartime com- mand structures. Practitioners and political leaders need to consider the effects of a DDR process that seeks to disband and break the structures of an armed group that aims to become a political party. Attention should be paid as to whether the planned DDR pro- cess could help or hinder this transformation and whether this could support or undermine the wider peace process. DDR processes may need to be adapted accordingly.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":304, "Sentence":"Practitioners and political leaders need to consider the effects of a DDR process that seeks to disband and break the structures of an armed group that aims to become a political party.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR practitioner political leader need consider effect ddr process seek disband break structure armed group aim become political party ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.1 The political aspirations of armed groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Participation in peacetime politics may be a key demand of groups, and the opportu- nity to do so may be used as an incentive for them to enter into a peace agreement. If armed groups, armed forces or wartime Governments are to become part of the political process, they should transform themselves into entities able to operate in a transitional political administration or an electoral system.Leaders may be reluctant to give up their command and therefore lose their political base before they are able to make the shift to a political party that can re- ab- sorb this constituency. At the same time, they may be unwilling to give up their wartime structures until they are sure that the political provisions of an agreement will be implemented.DDR processes should consider the parties\u2019 political motivations. Doing so can reassure armed groups that they can retain the ability to pursue their political agen- das through peaceful means and that they can therefore safely disband their military structures.The post-conflict demilitarization of politics and institutions goes beyond DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates, yet DDR processes should not ignore the political aspirations of armed groups and their members. Such aspirations may include participating in political life by being able to vote, being a member of a political party that represents their ideas and aims, or running for office.For some armed groups, participation in politics may involve transformation into a political party, a merger or alignment with an existing party, or the candidacy of former members in elections.The transformation of an armed group into a political party may appear to be incompatible with the aim of disbanding military structures and breaking their chains of command and control because a political party may seek to build upon wartime com- mand structures. Practitioners and political leaders need to consider the effects of a DDR process that seeks to disband and break the structures of an armed group that aims to become a political party. Attention should be paid as to whether the planned DDR pro- cess could help or hinder this transformation and whether this could support or undermine the wider peace process. DDR processes may need to be adapted accordingly.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":304, "Sentence":"Attention should be paid as to whether the planned DDR pro- cess could help or hinder this transformation and whether this could support or undermine the wider peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR attention paid whether planned ddr pro ce could help hinder transformation whether could support undermine wider peace process ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.1 The political aspirations of armed groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Participation in peacetime politics may be a key demand of groups, and the opportu- nity to do so may be used as an incentive for them to enter into a peace agreement. If armed groups, armed forces or wartime Governments are to become part of the political process, they should transform themselves into entities able to operate in a transitional political administration or an electoral system.Leaders may be reluctant to give up their command and therefore lose their political base before they are able to make the shift to a political party that can re- ab- sorb this constituency. At the same time, they may be unwilling to give up their wartime structures until they are sure that the political provisions of an agreement will be implemented.DDR processes should consider the parties\u2019 political motivations. Doing so can reassure armed groups that they can retain the ability to pursue their political agen- das through peaceful means and that they can therefore safely disband their military structures.The post-conflict demilitarization of politics and institutions goes beyond DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates, yet DDR processes should not ignore the political aspirations of armed groups and their members. Such aspirations may include participating in political life by being able to vote, being a member of a political party that represents their ideas and aims, or running for office.For some armed groups, participation in politics may involve transformation into a political party, a merger or alignment with an existing party, or the candidacy of former members in elections.The transformation of an armed group into a political party may appear to be incompatible with the aim of disbanding military structures and breaking their chains of command and control because a political party may seek to build upon wartime com- mand structures. Practitioners and political leaders need to consider the effects of a DDR process that seeks to disband and break the structures of an armed group that aims to become a political party. Attention should be paid as to whether the planned DDR pro- cess could help or hinder this transformation and whether this could support or undermine the wider peace process. DDR processes may need to be adapted accordingly.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":304, "Sentence":"DDR processes may need to be adapted accordingly.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddr process may need adapted accordingly ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Ensuring adequate provisions for DDR in peace agreements ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The DDR-related clauses included within peace agreements should be realistic and appropriate for the setting. In CPAs, the norm is to include a commitment to under- take a DDR programme. The details, including provisions regarding female combat- ants, WAAFG and CAAFG, are usually developed later in a national DDR programme document. Local-level peace agreements will not necessarily include a DDR programme, but may include a range of DDR-related tools such as CVR and transi- tional WAM (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Provisions that legitimize entitlements for those who have been members of armed forces and groups should be avoided (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Regardless of the type of peace agreement, mediators and signatories should have a minimum understanding of DDR, including the preconditions and principles of gender- responsive and child-friendly DDR (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Where necessary they should call upon DDR experts to build capacity and knowledge among all of the actors involved and to advise them on the negotiation of relevant and realistic DDR provisions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":305, "Sentence":"The DDR-related clauses included within peace agreements should be realistic and appropriate for the setting.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddrrelated clause included within peace agreement realistic appropriate setting ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Ensuring adequate provisions for DDR in peace agreements ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The DDR-related clauses included within peace agreements should be realistic and appropriate for the setting. In CPAs, the norm is to include a commitment to under- take a DDR programme. The details, including provisions regarding female combat- ants, WAAFG and CAAFG, are usually developed later in a national DDR programme document. Local-level peace agreements will not necessarily include a DDR programme, but may include a range of DDR-related tools such as CVR and transi- tional WAM (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Provisions that legitimize entitlements for those who have been members of armed forces and groups should be avoided (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Regardless of the type of peace agreement, mediators and signatories should have a minimum understanding of DDR, including the preconditions and principles of gender- responsive and child-friendly DDR (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Where necessary they should call upon DDR experts to build capacity and knowledge among all of the actors involved and to advise them on the negotiation of relevant and realistic DDR provisions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":305, "Sentence":"In CPAs, the norm is to include a commitment to under- take a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR cpa norm include commitment take ddr programme ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Ensuring adequate provisions for DDR in peace agreements ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The DDR-related clauses included within peace agreements should be realistic and appropriate for the setting. In CPAs, the norm is to include a commitment to under- take a DDR programme. The details, including provisions regarding female combat- ants, WAAFG and CAAFG, are usually developed later in a national DDR programme document. Local-level peace agreements will not necessarily include a DDR programme, but may include a range of DDR-related tools such as CVR and transi- tional WAM (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Provisions that legitimize entitlements for those who have been members of armed forces and groups should be avoided (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Regardless of the type of peace agreement, mediators and signatories should have a minimum understanding of DDR, including the preconditions and principles of gender- responsive and child-friendly DDR (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Where necessary they should call upon DDR experts to build capacity and knowledge among all of the actors involved and to advise them on the negotiation of relevant and realistic DDR provisions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":305, "Sentence":"The details, including provisions regarding female combat- ants, WAAFG and CAAFG, are usually developed later in a national DDR programme document.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR detail including provision regarding female combat ant waafg caafg usually developed later national ddr programme document ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Ensuring adequate provisions for DDR in peace agreements ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The DDR-related clauses included within peace agreements should be realistic and appropriate for the setting. In CPAs, the norm is to include a commitment to under- take a DDR programme. The details, including provisions regarding female combat- ants, WAAFG and CAAFG, are usually developed later in a national DDR programme document. Local-level peace agreements will not necessarily include a DDR programme, but may include a range of DDR-related tools such as CVR and transi- tional WAM (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Provisions that legitimize entitlements for those who have been members of armed forces and groups should be avoided (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Regardless of the type of peace agreement, mediators and signatories should have a minimum understanding of DDR, including the preconditions and principles of gender- responsive and child-friendly DDR (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Where necessary they should call upon DDR experts to build capacity and knowledge among all of the actors involved and to advise them on the negotiation of relevant and realistic DDR provisions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":305, "Sentence":"Local-level peace agreements will not necessarily include a DDR programme, but may include a range of DDR-related tools such as CVR and transi- tional WAM (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR locallevel peace agreement necessarily include ddr programme may include range ddrrelated tool cvr transi tional wam see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Ensuring adequate provisions for DDR in peace agreements ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The DDR-related clauses included within peace agreements should be realistic and appropriate for the setting. In CPAs, the norm is to include a commitment to under- take a DDR programme. The details, including provisions regarding female combat- ants, WAAFG and CAAFG, are usually developed later in a national DDR programme document. Local-level peace agreements will not necessarily include a DDR programme, but may include a range of DDR-related tools such as CVR and transi- tional WAM (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Provisions that legitimize entitlements for those who have been members of armed forces and groups should be avoided (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Regardless of the type of peace agreement, mediators and signatories should have a minimum understanding of DDR, including the preconditions and principles of gender- responsive and child-friendly DDR (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Where necessary they should call upon DDR experts to build capacity and knowledge among all of the actors involved and to advise them on the negotiation of relevant and realistic DDR provisions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":305, "Sentence":"Provisions that legitimize entitlements for those who have been members of armed forces and groups should be avoided (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Regardless of the type of peace agreement, mediators and signatories should have a minimum understanding of DDR, including the preconditions and principles of gender- responsive and child-friendly DDR (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR provision legitimize entitlement member armed force group avoided see iddrs 2.40 reintegration part sustaining peace.regardless type peace agreement mediator signatory minimum understanding ddr including precondition principle gender responsive childfriendly ddr see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Ensuring adequate provisions for DDR in peace agreements ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The DDR-related clauses included within peace agreements should be realistic and appropriate for the setting. In CPAs, the norm is to include a commitment to under- take a DDR programme. The details, including provisions regarding female combat- ants, WAAFG and CAAFG, are usually developed later in a national DDR programme document. Local-level peace agreements will not necessarily include a DDR programme, but may include a range of DDR-related tools such as CVR and transi- tional WAM (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Provisions that legitimize entitlements for those who have been members of armed forces and groups should be avoided (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Regardless of the type of peace agreement, mediators and signatories should have a minimum understanding of DDR, including the preconditions and principles of gender- responsive and child-friendly DDR (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Where necessary they should call upon DDR experts to build capacity and knowledge among all of the actors involved and to advise them on the negotiation of relevant and realistic DDR provisions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":305, "Sentence":"Where necessary they should call upon DDR experts to build capacity and knowledge among all of the actors involved and to advise them on the negotiation of relevant and realistic DDR provisions.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR necessary call upon ddr expert build capacity knowledge among actor involved advise negotiation relevant realistic ddr provision ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Building and ensuring integrated DDR processes ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In some instances, integrated DDR processes should be closely linked to other parts of a peace process. For example, DDR programmes may be connected to security sector reform and transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on Transitional Justice and DDR). Unless these other activities are clear, the signatories cannot decide on their participation in DDR with full knowledge of the options available to them and may block the process. Donors and other partners may also find it difficult to support DDR processes when there are many unknowns. It is therefore important to ensure that stakeholders have a minimum level of under- standing and agreement on other related activities, as this will affect their decisions on whether or how to participate in a DDR process.Information on associated activities is usually included in a CPA; however, in the absence of such provisions, the push to disarm and demobilize forces combined with a lack of certainty on fundamental issues such as justice, security and integration can un- dermine confidence in the process. In such cases an assessment should be made of the opportunities and risks of starting or delaying a DDR process, and the consequences shall be made clear to UN senior leadership, who will take a decision on this. If the de- cision is to postpone a programme, donors and budgeting bodies shall be kept informed. There may also be a need to link local and national conflict resolution and media- tion so that one does not undermine the other.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":306, "Sentence":"In some instances, integrated DDR processes should be closely linked to other parts of a peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR instance integrated ddr process closely linked part peace process ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Building and ensuring integrated DDR processes ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In some instances, integrated DDR processes should be closely linked to other parts of a peace process. For example, DDR programmes may be connected to security sector reform and transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on Transitional Justice and DDR). Unless these other activities are clear, the signatories cannot decide on their participation in DDR with full knowledge of the options available to them and may block the process. Donors and other partners may also find it difficult to support DDR processes when there are many unknowns. It is therefore important to ensure that stakeholders have a minimum level of under- standing and agreement on other related activities, as this will affect their decisions on whether or how to participate in a DDR process.Information on associated activities is usually included in a CPA; however, in the absence of such provisions, the push to disarm and demobilize forces combined with a lack of certainty on fundamental issues such as justice, security and integration can un- dermine confidence in the process. In such cases an assessment should be made of the opportunities and risks of starting or delaying a DDR process, and the consequences shall be made clear to UN senior leadership, who will take a decision on this. If the de- cision is to postpone a programme, donors and budgeting bodies shall be kept informed. There may also be a need to link local and national conflict resolution and media- tion so that one does not undermine the other.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":306, "Sentence":"For example, DDR programmes may be connected to security sector reform and transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on Transitional Justice and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR example ddr programme may connected security sector reform transitional justice see iddrs 6.10 ddr security sector reform iddrs 6.20 transitional justice ddr ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Building and ensuring integrated DDR processes ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In some instances, integrated DDR processes should be closely linked to other parts of a peace process. For example, DDR programmes may be connected to security sector reform and transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on Transitional Justice and DDR). Unless these other activities are clear, the signatories cannot decide on their participation in DDR with full knowledge of the options available to them and may block the process. Donors and other partners may also find it difficult to support DDR processes when there are many unknowns. It is therefore important to ensure that stakeholders have a minimum level of under- standing and agreement on other related activities, as this will affect their decisions on whether or how to participate in a DDR process.Information on associated activities is usually included in a CPA; however, in the absence of such provisions, the push to disarm and demobilize forces combined with a lack of certainty on fundamental issues such as justice, security and integration can un- dermine confidence in the process. In such cases an assessment should be made of the opportunities and risks of starting or delaying a DDR process, and the consequences shall be made clear to UN senior leadership, who will take a decision on this. If the de- cision is to postpone a programme, donors and budgeting bodies shall be kept informed. There may also be a need to link local and national conflict resolution and media- tion so that one does not undermine the other.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":306, "Sentence":"Unless these other activities are clear, the signatories cannot decide on their participation in DDR with full knowledge of the options available to them and may block the process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR unless activity clear signatory decide participation ddr full knowledge option available may block process ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Building and ensuring integrated DDR processes ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In some instances, integrated DDR processes should be closely linked to other parts of a peace process. For example, DDR programmes may be connected to security sector reform and transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on Transitional Justice and DDR). Unless these other activities are clear, the signatories cannot decide on their participation in DDR with full knowledge of the options available to them and may block the process. Donors and other partners may also find it difficult to support DDR processes when there are many unknowns. It is therefore important to ensure that stakeholders have a minimum level of under- standing and agreement on other related activities, as this will affect their decisions on whether or how to participate in a DDR process.Information on associated activities is usually included in a CPA; however, in the absence of such provisions, the push to disarm and demobilize forces combined with a lack of certainty on fundamental issues such as justice, security and integration can un- dermine confidence in the process. In such cases an assessment should be made of the opportunities and risks of starting or delaying a DDR process, and the consequences shall be made clear to UN senior leadership, who will take a decision on this. If the de- cision is to postpone a programme, donors and budgeting bodies shall be kept informed. There may also be a need to link local and national conflict resolution and media- tion so that one does not undermine the other.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":306, "Sentence":"Donors and other partners may also find it difficult to support DDR processes when there are many unknowns.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR donor partner may also find difficult support ddr process many unknown ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Building and ensuring integrated DDR processes ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In some instances, integrated DDR processes should be closely linked to other parts of a peace process. For example, DDR programmes may be connected to security sector reform and transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on Transitional Justice and DDR). Unless these other activities are clear, the signatories cannot decide on their participation in DDR with full knowledge of the options available to them and may block the process. Donors and other partners may also find it difficult to support DDR processes when there are many unknowns. It is therefore important to ensure that stakeholders have a minimum level of under- standing and agreement on other related activities, as this will affect their decisions on whether or how to participate in a DDR process.Information on associated activities is usually included in a CPA; however, in the absence of such provisions, the push to disarm and demobilize forces combined with a lack of certainty on fundamental issues such as justice, security and integration can un- dermine confidence in the process. In such cases an assessment should be made of the opportunities and risks of starting or delaying a DDR process, and the consequences shall be made clear to UN senior leadership, who will take a decision on this. If the de- cision is to postpone a programme, donors and budgeting bodies shall be kept informed. There may also be a need to link local and national conflict resolution and media- tion so that one does not undermine the other.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":306, "Sentence":"It is therefore important to ensure that stakeholders have a minimum level of under- standing and agreement on other related activities, as this will affect their decisions on whether or how to participate in a DDR process.Information on associated activities is usually included in a CPA; however, in the absence of such provisions, the push to disarm and demobilize forces combined with a lack of certainty on fundamental issues such as justice, security and integration can un- dermine confidence in the process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR therefore important ensure stakeholder minimum level standing agreement related activity affect decision whether participate ddr process.information associated activity usually included cpa however absence provision push disarm demobilize force combined lack certainty fundamental issue justice security integration un dermine confidence process ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Building and ensuring integrated DDR processes ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In some instances, integrated DDR processes should be closely linked to other parts of a peace process. For example, DDR programmes may be connected to security sector reform and transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on Transitional Justice and DDR). Unless these other activities are clear, the signatories cannot decide on their participation in DDR with full knowledge of the options available to them and may block the process. Donors and other partners may also find it difficult to support DDR processes when there are many unknowns. It is therefore important to ensure that stakeholders have a minimum level of under- standing and agreement on other related activities, as this will affect their decisions on whether or how to participate in a DDR process.Information on associated activities is usually included in a CPA; however, in the absence of such provisions, the push to disarm and demobilize forces combined with a lack of certainty on fundamental issues such as justice, security and integration can un- dermine confidence in the process. In such cases an assessment should be made of the opportunities and risks of starting or delaying a DDR process, and the consequences shall be made clear to UN senior leadership, who will take a decision on this. If the de- cision is to postpone a programme, donors and budgeting bodies shall be kept informed. There may also be a need to link local and national conflict resolution and media- tion so that one does not undermine the other.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":306, "Sentence":"In such cases an assessment should be made of the opportunities and risks of starting or delaying a DDR process, and the consequences shall be made clear to UN senior leadership, who will take a decision on this.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR case assessment made opportunity risk starting delaying ddr process consequence shall made clear un senior leadership take decision ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Building and ensuring integrated DDR processes ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In some instances, integrated DDR processes should be closely linked to other parts of a peace process. For example, DDR programmes may be connected to security sector reform and transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on Transitional Justice and DDR). Unless these other activities are clear, the signatories cannot decide on their participation in DDR with full knowledge of the options available to them and may block the process. Donors and other partners may also find it difficult to support DDR processes when there are many unknowns. It is therefore important to ensure that stakeholders have a minimum level of under- standing and agreement on other related activities, as this will affect their decisions on whether or how to participate in a DDR process.Information on associated activities is usually included in a CPA; however, in the absence of such provisions, the push to disarm and demobilize forces combined with a lack of certainty on fundamental issues such as justice, security and integration can un- dermine confidence in the process. In such cases an assessment should be made of the opportunities and risks of starting or delaying a DDR process, and the consequences shall be made clear to UN senior leadership, who will take a decision on this. If the de- cision is to postpone a programme, donors and budgeting bodies shall be kept informed. There may also be a need to link local and national conflict resolution and media- tion so that one does not undermine the other.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":306, "Sentence":"If the de- cision is to postpone a programme, donors and budgeting bodies shall be kept informed.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR de cision postpone programme donor budgeting body shall kept informed ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Building and ensuring integrated DDR processes ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In some instances, integrated DDR processes should be closely linked to other parts of a peace process. For example, DDR programmes may be connected to security sector reform and transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on Transitional Justice and DDR). Unless these other activities are clear, the signatories cannot decide on their participation in DDR with full knowledge of the options available to them and may block the process. Donors and other partners may also find it difficult to support DDR processes when there are many unknowns. It is therefore important to ensure that stakeholders have a minimum level of under- standing and agreement on other related activities, as this will affect their decisions on whether or how to participate in a DDR process.Information on associated activities is usually included in a CPA; however, in the absence of such provisions, the push to disarm and demobilize forces combined with a lack of certainty on fundamental issues such as justice, security and integration can un- dermine confidence in the process. In such cases an assessment should be made of the opportunities and risks of starting or delaying a DDR process, and the consequences shall be made clear to UN senior leadership, who will take a decision on this. If the de- cision is to postpone a programme, donors and budgeting bodies shall be kept informed. There may also be a need to link local and national conflict resolution and media- tion so that one does not undermine the other.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":306, "Sentence":"There may also be a need to link local and national conflict resolution and media- tion so that one does not undermine the other.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR may also need link local national conflict resolution medium tion one undermine ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Ensuring a common understanding of DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Although the negotiating parties may not need to know the details of a DDR process when they sign a peace agreement, they should have a shared understanding of the principles and outcomes of the DDR process and how this will be implemented.The capacity-building and provision of expertise extends to the mediation teams and international supporters of the peace process (envoys, mediators, facilitators, spon- sors and donors) who must have access to experts who can guide them in designing appropriate DDR provisions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":307, "Sentence":"Although the negotiating parties may not need to know the details of a DDR process when they sign a peace agreement, they should have a shared understanding of the principles and outcomes of the DDR process and how this will be implemented.The capacity-building and provision of expertise extends to the mediation teams and international supporters of the peace process (envoys, mediators, facilitators, spon- sors and donors) who must have access to experts who can guide them in designing appropriate DDR provisions.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR although negotiating party may need know detail ddr process sign peace agreement shared understanding principle outcome ddr process implemented.the capacitybuilding provision expertise extends mediation team international supporter peace process envoy mediator facilitator spon sors donor must access expert guide designing appropriate ddr provision ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Ensuring a common understanding of DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"It is important for the parties to a peace agreement to have a common understanding of what DDR involves, including the gender dimensions and requirements and pro- tections for children. This may not always be the case, especially if the stakeholders have not all had the same opportunity to learn about DDR. This is particularly true for groups that may be difficult to access because of security or geography, or because they are considered \u2018off limits\u2019 due to their ideology. The ability to hold meaningful dis- cussions on DDR may therefore require capacity-building with the parties to balance the levels of knowledge and ensure a common understanding of the process. In con- texts where DDR has been implemented before, this history can affect perceptions of future DDR activities, and there may be a need to review and manage expectations and clarify differences between past and planned processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":308, "Sentence":"It is important for the parties to a peace agreement to have a common understanding of what DDR involves, including the gender dimensions and requirements and pro- tections for children.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR important party peace agreement common understanding ddr involves including gender dimension requirement pro tections child ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Ensuring a common understanding of DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"It is important for the parties to a peace agreement to have a common understanding of what DDR involves, including the gender dimensions and requirements and pro- tections for children. This may not always be the case, especially if the stakeholders have not all had the same opportunity to learn about DDR. This is particularly true for groups that may be difficult to access because of security or geography, or because they are considered \u2018off limits\u2019 due to their ideology. The ability to hold meaningful dis- cussions on DDR may therefore require capacity-building with the parties to balance the levels of knowledge and ensure a common understanding of the process. In con- texts where DDR has been implemented before, this history can affect perceptions of future DDR activities, and there may be a need to review and manage expectations and clarify differences between past and planned processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":308, "Sentence":"This may not always be the case, especially if the stakeholders have not all had the same opportunity to learn about DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR may always case especially stakeholder opportunity learn ddr ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Ensuring a common understanding of DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"It is important for the parties to a peace agreement to have a common understanding of what DDR involves, including the gender dimensions and requirements and pro- tections for children. This may not always be the case, especially if the stakeholders have not all had the same opportunity to learn about DDR. This is particularly true for groups that may be difficult to access because of security or geography, or because they are considered \u2018off limits\u2019 due to their ideology. The ability to hold meaningful dis- cussions on DDR may therefore require capacity-building with the parties to balance the levels of knowledge and ensure a common understanding of the process. In con- texts where DDR has been implemented before, this history can affect perceptions of future DDR activities, and there may be a need to review and manage expectations and clarify differences between past and planned processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":308, "Sentence":"This is particularly true for groups that may be difficult to access because of security or geography, or because they are considered \u2018off limits\u2019 due to their ideology.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR particularly true group may difficult access security geography considered \u2018 limit \u2019 due ideology ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Ensuring a common understanding of DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"It is important for the parties to a peace agreement to have a common understanding of what DDR involves, including the gender dimensions and requirements and pro- tections for children. This may not always be the case, especially if the stakeholders have not all had the same opportunity to learn about DDR. This is particularly true for groups that may be difficult to access because of security or geography, or because they are considered \u2018off limits\u2019 due to their ideology. The ability to hold meaningful dis- cussions on DDR may therefore require capacity-building with the parties to balance the levels of knowledge and ensure a common understanding of the process. In con- texts where DDR has been implemented before, this history can affect perceptions of future DDR activities, and there may be a need to review and manage expectations and clarify differences between past and planned processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":308, "Sentence":"The ability to hold meaningful dis- cussions on DDR may therefore require capacity-building with the parties to balance the levels of knowledge and ensure a common understanding of the process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ability hold meaningful dis cussions ddr may therefore require capacitybuilding party balance level knowledge ensure common understanding process ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Ensuring a common understanding of DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"It is important for the parties to a peace agreement to have a common understanding of what DDR involves, including the gender dimensions and requirements and pro- tections for children. This may not always be the case, especially if the stakeholders have not all had the same opportunity to learn about DDR. This is particularly true for groups that may be difficult to access because of security or geography, or because they are considered \u2018off limits\u2019 due to their ideology. The ability to hold meaningful dis- cussions on DDR may therefore require capacity-building with the parties to balance the levels of knowledge and ensure a common understanding of the process. In con- texts where DDR has been implemented before, this history can affect perceptions of future DDR activities, and there may be a need to review and manage expectations and clarify differences between past and planned processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":308, "Sentence":"In con- texts where DDR has been implemented before, this history can affect perceptions of future DDR activities, and there may be a need to review and manage expectations and clarify differences between past and planned processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR con text ddr implemented history affect perception future ddr activity may need review manage expectation clarify difference past planned process ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Ensuring international support for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"International actors, including the UN, Member States and other concerned stakehold- ers must understand the need to politically support DDR processes. They must also ensure that the agreements reached are responsive to the parties\u2019 demands, fair and implementable, and create a supportive environment for DDR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":309, "Sentence":"International actors, including the UN, Member States and other concerned stakehold- ers must understand the need to politically support DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR international actor including un member state concerned stakehold er must understand need politically support ddr process ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#F07F4E", "Level":1, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Ensuring international support for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"International actors, including the UN, Member States and other concerned stakehold- ers must understand the need to politically support DDR processes. They must also ensure that the agreements reached are responsive to the parties\u2019 demands, fair and implementable, and create a supportive environment for DDR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":309, "Sentence":"They must also ensure that the agreements reached are responsive to the parties\u2019 demands, fair and implementable, and create a supportive environment for DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR must also ensure agreement reached responsive party \u2019 demand fair implementable create supportive environment ddr ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Ensuring international support for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Donors and UN budgetary bodies should understand that DDR is a long and expen- sive undertaking. While DDR is a crucial process, it is but one part of a broader political and peacebuilding strategy. Hence, the objectives and expectations of DDR must be realistic. A partial commitment to such an undertaking is insufficient to allow for a sustainable DDR process and may cause harm. This support must extend to an understanding of the difficult circumstances in which DDR is implemented and the need to sometimes wait until the conditions are right to start and assure that funding and support is avail- able for a long-term process. However, there is often a push to spend allocated funding even when the conditions for a process are not in place. This financial pressure should be better understood, and budgetary rules and regulations should not precipitate the premature launch of a DDR process, as this will only undermine its success.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":310, "Sentence":"Donors and UN budgetary bodies should understand that DDR is a long and expen- sive undertaking.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR donor un budgetary body understand ddr long expen sive undertaking ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Ensuring international support for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Donors and UN budgetary bodies should understand that DDR is a long and expen- sive undertaking. While DDR is a crucial process, it is but one part of a broader political and peacebuilding strategy. Hence, the objectives and expectations of DDR must be realistic. A partial commitment to such an undertaking is insufficient to allow for a sustainable DDR process and may cause harm. This support must extend to an understanding of the difficult circumstances in which DDR is implemented and the need to sometimes wait until the conditions are right to start and assure that funding and support is avail- able for a long-term process. However, there is often a push to spend allocated funding even when the conditions for a process are not in place. This financial pressure should be better understood, and budgetary rules and regulations should not precipitate the premature launch of a DDR process, as this will only undermine its success.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":310, "Sentence":"While DDR is a crucial process, it is but one part of a broader political and peacebuilding strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddr crucial process one part broader political peacebuilding strategy ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Ensuring international support for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Donors and UN budgetary bodies should understand that DDR is a long and expen- sive undertaking. While DDR is a crucial process, it is but one part of a broader political and peacebuilding strategy. Hence, the objectives and expectations of DDR must be realistic. A partial commitment to such an undertaking is insufficient to allow for a sustainable DDR process and may cause harm. This support must extend to an understanding of the difficult circumstances in which DDR is implemented and the need to sometimes wait until the conditions are right to start and assure that funding and support is avail- able for a long-term process. However, there is often a push to spend allocated funding even when the conditions for a process are not in place. This financial pressure should be better understood, and budgetary rules and regulations should not precipitate the premature launch of a DDR process, as this will only undermine its success.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":310, "Sentence":"Hence, the objectives and expectations of DDR must be realistic.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR hence objective expectation ddr must realistic ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Ensuring international support for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Donors and UN budgetary bodies should understand that DDR is a long and expen- sive undertaking. While DDR is a crucial process, it is but one part of a broader political and peacebuilding strategy. Hence, the objectives and expectations of DDR must be realistic. A partial commitment to such an undertaking is insufficient to allow for a sustainable DDR process and may cause harm. This support must extend to an understanding of the difficult circumstances in which DDR is implemented and the need to sometimes wait until the conditions are right to start and assure that funding and support is avail- able for a long-term process. However, there is often a push to spend allocated funding even when the conditions for a process are not in place. This financial pressure should be better understood, and budgetary rules and regulations should not precipitate the premature launch of a DDR process, as this will only undermine its success.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":310, "Sentence":"A partial commitment to such an undertaking is insufficient to allow for a sustainable DDR process and may cause harm.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR partial commitment undertaking insufficient allow sustainable ddr process may cause harm ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Ensuring international support for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Donors and UN budgetary bodies should understand that DDR is a long and expen- sive undertaking. While DDR is a crucial process, it is but one part of a broader political and peacebuilding strategy. Hence, the objectives and expectations of DDR must be realistic. A partial commitment to such an undertaking is insufficient to allow for a sustainable DDR process and may cause harm. This support must extend to an understanding of the difficult circumstances in which DDR is implemented and the need to sometimes wait until the conditions are right to start and assure that funding and support is avail- able for a long-term process. However, there is often a push to spend allocated funding even when the conditions for a process are not in place. This financial pressure should be better understood, and budgetary rules and regulations should not precipitate the premature launch of a DDR process, as this will only undermine its success.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":310, "Sentence":"This support must extend to an understanding of the difficult circumstances in which DDR is implemented and the need to sometimes wait until the conditions are right to start and assure that funding and support is avail- able for a long-term process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR support must extend understanding difficult circumstance ddr implemented need sometimes wait condition right start assure funding support avail able longterm process ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Ensuring international support for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Donors and UN budgetary bodies should understand that DDR is a long and expen- sive undertaking. While DDR is a crucial process, it is but one part of a broader political and peacebuilding strategy. Hence, the objectives and expectations of DDR must be realistic. A partial commitment to such an undertaking is insufficient to allow for a sustainable DDR process and may cause harm. This support must extend to an understanding of the difficult circumstances in which DDR is implemented and the need to sometimes wait until the conditions are right to start and assure that funding and support is avail- able for a long-term process. However, there is often a push to spend allocated funding even when the conditions for a process are not in place. This financial pressure should be better understood, and budgetary rules and regulations should not precipitate the premature launch of a DDR process, as this will only undermine its success.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":310, "Sentence":"However, there is often a push to spend allocated funding even when the conditions for a process are not in place.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR however often push spend allocated funding even condition process place ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Fostering political support for DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Ensuring international support for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Donors and UN budgetary bodies should understand that DDR is a long and expen- sive undertaking. While DDR is a crucial process, it is but one part of a broader political and peacebuilding strategy. Hence, the objectives and expectations of DDR must be realistic. A partial commitment to such an undertaking is insufficient to allow for a sustainable DDR process and may cause harm. This support must extend to an understanding of the difficult circumstances in which DDR is implemented and the need to sometimes wait until the conditions are right to start and assure that funding and support is avail- able for a long-term process. However, there is often a push to spend allocated funding even when the conditions for a process are not in place. This financial pressure should be better understood, and budgetary rules and regulations should not precipitate the premature launch of a DDR process, as this will only undermine its success.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":310, "Sentence":"This financial pressure should be better understood, and budgetary rules and regulations should not precipitate the premature launch of a DDR process, as this will only undermine its success.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR financial pressure better understood budgetary rule regulation precipitate premature launch ddr process undermine success ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often preceded by a period of negotiation and the establishment of a peace agreement.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":311, "Sentence":"DDR processes are often preceded by a period of negotiation and the establishment of a peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddr process often preceded period negotiation establishment peace agreement ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 Local peace agreements ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Local peace agreements can take many different forms and may include local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas, CVR agreements and reintegration support for those who have left the armed groups. These local agreements may sometimes be one part of a broader peace strategy. A large range of actors can be involved in the negotiation of these agreements, including informal local mediation committees, Government-established local peace and reconciliation committees, religious actors, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the UN. Local capacities for peace should also be assessed and engaged in the peace and medi- ation processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":312, "Sentence":"Local peace agreements can take many different forms and may include local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas, CVR agreements and reintegration support for those who have left the armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR local peace agreement take many different form may include local non aggression pact armed group deal regarding access specific area cvr agreement reintegration support left armed group ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 Local peace agreements ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Local peace agreements can take many different forms and may include local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas, CVR agreements and reintegration support for those who have left the armed groups. These local agreements may sometimes be one part of a broader peace strategy. A large range of actors can be involved in the negotiation of these agreements, including informal local mediation committees, Government-established local peace and reconciliation committees, religious actors, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the UN. Local capacities for peace should also be assessed and engaged in the peace and medi- ation processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":312, "Sentence":"These local agreements may sometimes be one part of a broader peace strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR local agreement may sometimes one part broader peace strategy ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 Local peace agreements ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Local peace agreements can take many different forms and may include local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas, CVR agreements and reintegration support for those who have left the armed groups. These local agreements may sometimes be one part of a broader peace strategy. A large range of actors can be involved in the negotiation of these agreements, including informal local mediation committees, Government-established local peace and reconciliation committees, religious actors, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the UN. Local capacities for peace should also be assessed and engaged in the peace and medi- ation processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":312, "Sentence":"A large range of actors can be involved in the negotiation of these agreements, including informal local mediation committees, Government-established local peace and reconciliation committees, religious actors, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the UN.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR large range actor involved negotiation agreement including informal local mediation committee governmentestablished local peace reconciliation committee religious actor nongovernmental organization ngo un ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 Local peace agreements ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Local peace agreements can take many different forms and may include local non- aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas, CVR agreements and reintegration support for those who have left the armed groups. These local agreements may sometimes be one part of a broader peace strategy. A large range of actors can be involved in the negotiation of these agreements, including informal local mediation committees, Government-established local peace and reconciliation committees, religious actors, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the UN. Local capacities for peace should also be assessed and engaged in the peace and medi- ation processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":312, "Sentence":"Local capacities for peace should also be assessed and engaged in the peace and medi- ation processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR local capacity peace also assessed engaged peace medi ation process ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Preliminary ceasefires and comprehensive peace agreements ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"There are usually two types of agreements that are negotiated during a national-level peace process: preliminary ceasefires and CPAs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":313, "Sentence":"There are usually two types of agreements that are negotiated during a national-level peace process: preliminary ceasefires and CPAs.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR usually two type agreement negotiated nationallevel peace process preliminary ceasefires cpa ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Preliminary ceasefires and comprehensive peace agreements ", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Preliminary ceasefires", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"In some cases, preliminary ceasefires may be agreed to prior to a final agreement. These aim to create a more conducive environment for talks to take place. DDR provi- sions are not included in such agreements.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":314, "Sentence":"In some cases, preliminary ceasefires may be agreed to prior to a final agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR case preliminary ceasefires may agreed prior final agreement ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Preliminary ceasefires and comprehensive peace agreements ", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Preliminary ceasefires", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"In some cases, preliminary ceasefires may be agreed to prior to a final agreement. These aim to create a more conducive environment for talks to take place. DDR provi- sions are not included in such agreements.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":314, "Sentence":"These aim to create a more conducive environment for talks to take place.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR aim create conducive environment talk take place ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Preliminary ceasefires and comprehensive peace agreements ", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Preliminary ceasefires", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"In some cases, preliminary ceasefires may be agreed to prior to a final agreement. These aim to create a more conducive environment for talks to take place. DDR provi- sions are not included in such agreements.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":314, "Sentence":"DDR provi- sions are not included in such agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddr provi sion included agreement ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Preliminary ceasefires and comprehensive peace agreements ", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Comprehensive Peace Agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes are often the result of a CPA that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals.As illustrated in Diagram 1 below, CPAs usually include several chapters or annexes addressing different substantive issues. \\n The first three activities under \u201cCeasefire and Security Arrangements\u201d are typically part of the ceasefire process. The cantonment of forces, especially when cantonment sites are also used for DDR activities, is usually the nexus between the ceasefire and the \u201cfinal security arrangements\u201d that include DDR and SSR (see section 7.5).Ceasefires usually require the parties to provide a declaration of forces for moni- toring purposes, ideally disaggregated by sex and including information regarding the presence of WAAFG, CAAFG, abductees, etc. This declaration can provide important planning information for DDR practitioners and, in some cases, negotiated agreements may stipulate the declared number of people in each movement that are expected to participate in a DDR process. Likewise, the assembly or cantonment of forces may provide the opportunity to launch disarmament and demobilization activities in assembly areas, or, at a minimum, to provide information outreach and a preliminary registra- tion of personnel for planning purposes. Outreach should always include messages about the eligibility of female DDR participants and encourage their registration.Discussions on the disengagement and withdrawal of troops may provide infor- mation as to where the process is likely to take place as well as the number of persons involved and the types and quantities of weapons and ammunition present.In addition to security arrangements, the role of armed groups in interim political institutions is usually laid out in the political chapters of a CPA. If political power-sharing systems are set up straight after a conflict, these are the bodies whose membership will be negotiated during a peace agreement. Transitional governments must deal with critical issues and processes resulting from the conflict, including in many cases DDR. It is also these bodies that may be responsible for laying the foundations of longer-term political structures, often through activities such as the review of constitutions, the holding of national political dialogues and the organization of elections. Where there is also a security role for these actors, this may be established in either the political or security chapters of a CPA.Political roles may include participation in the interim administration at all levels (central Government and regional and local authorities) as well as in other political bodies or movements such as being represented in national dialogues. Security areas of consideration might include the need to provide security for political actors, in many cases by establishing protection units for politicians, often drawn from the ranks of their combatants. It may also include the establishment of interim security systems that will incorporate elements from armed forces and groups (see section 7.5.1)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":315, "Sentence":"DDR programmes are often the result of a CPA that seeks to address political and security issues.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddr programme often result cpa seek address political security issue ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Preliminary ceasefires and comprehensive peace agreements ", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Comprehensive Peace Agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes are often the result of a CPA that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals.As illustrated in Diagram 1 below, CPAs usually include several chapters or annexes addressing different substantive issues. \\n The first three activities under \u201cCeasefire and Security Arrangements\u201d are typically part of the ceasefire process. The cantonment of forces, especially when cantonment sites are also used for DDR activities, is usually the nexus between the ceasefire and the \u201cfinal security arrangements\u201d that include DDR and SSR (see section 7.5).Ceasefires usually require the parties to provide a declaration of forces for moni- toring purposes, ideally disaggregated by sex and including information regarding the presence of WAAFG, CAAFG, abductees, etc. This declaration can provide important planning information for DDR practitioners and, in some cases, negotiated agreements may stipulate the declared number of people in each movement that are expected to participate in a DDR process. Likewise, the assembly or cantonment of forces may provide the opportunity to launch disarmament and demobilization activities in assembly areas, or, at a minimum, to provide information outreach and a preliminary registra- tion of personnel for planning purposes. Outreach should always include messages about the eligibility of female DDR participants and encourage their registration.Discussions on the disengagement and withdrawal of troops may provide infor- mation as to where the process is likely to take place as well as the number of persons involved and the types and quantities of weapons and ammunition present.In addition to security arrangements, the role of armed groups in interim political institutions is usually laid out in the political chapters of a CPA. If political power-sharing systems are set up straight after a conflict, these are the bodies whose membership will be negotiated during a peace agreement. Transitional governments must deal with critical issues and processes resulting from the conflict, including in many cases DDR. It is also these bodies that may be responsible for laying the foundations of longer-term political structures, often through activities such as the review of constitutions, the holding of national political dialogues and the organization of elections. Where there is also a security role for these actors, this may be established in either the political or security chapters of a CPA.Political roles may include participation in the interim administration at all levels (central Government and regional and local authorities) as well as in other political bodies or movements such as being represented in national dialogues. Security areas of consideration might include the need to provide security for political actors, in many cases by establishing protection units for politicians, often drawn from the ranks of their combatants. It may also include the establishment of interim security systems that will incorporate elements from armed forces and groups (see section 7.5.1)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":315, "Sentence":"Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals.As illustrated in Diagram 1 below, CPAs usually include several chapters or annexes addressing different substantive issues.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR without agreement warring party unlikely agree measure reduce ability use military force reach goals.as illustrated diagram 1 cpa usually include several chapter annex addressing different substantive issue ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Preliminary ceasefires and comprehensive peace agreements ", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Comprehensive Peace Agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes are often the result of a CPA that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals.As illustrated in Diagram 1 below, CPAs usually include several chapters or annexes addressing different substantive issues. \\n The first three activities under \u201cCeasefire and Security Arrangements\u201d are typically part of the ceasefire process. The cantonment of forces, especially when cantonment sites are also used for DDR activities, is usually the nexus between the ceasefire and the \u201cfinal security arrangements\u201d that include DDR and SSR (see section 7.5).Ceasefires usually require the parties to provide a declaration of forces for moni- toring purposes, ideally disaggregated by sex and including information regarding the presence of WAAFG, CAAFG, abductees, etc. This declaration can provide important planning information for DDR practitioners and, in some cases, negotiated agreements may stipulate the declared number of people in each movement that are expected to participate in a DDR process. Likewise, the assembly or cantonment of forces may provide the opportunity to launch disarmament and demobilization activities in assembly areas, or, at a minimum, to provide information outreach and a preliminary registra- tion of personnel for planning purposes. Outreach should always include messages about the eligibility of female DDR participants and encourage their registration.Discussions on the disengagement and withdrawal of troops may provide infor- mation as to where the process is likely to take place as well as the number of persons involved and the types and quantities of weapons and ammunition present.In addition to security arrangements, the role of armed groups in interim political institutions is usually laid out in the political chapters of a CPA. If political power-sharing systems are set up straight after a conflict, these are the bodies whose membership will be negotiated during a peace agreement. Transitional governments must deal with critical issues and processes resulting from the conflict, including in many cases DDR. It is also these bodies that may be responsible for laying the foundations of longer-term political structures, often through activities such as the review of constitutions, the holding of national political dialogues and the organization of elections. Where there is also a security role for these actors, this may be established in either the political or security chapters of a CPA.Political roles may include participation in the interim administration at all levels (central Government and regional and local authorities) as well as in other political bodies or movements such as being represented in national dialogues. Security areas of consideration might include the need to provide security for political actors, in many cases by establishing protection units for politicians, often drawn from the ranks of their combatants. It may also include the establishment of interim security systems that will incorporate elements from armed forces and groups (see section 7.5.1)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":315, "Sentence":"\\n The first three activities under \u201cCeasefire and Security Arrangements\u201d are typically part of the ceasefire process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR n first three activity \u201c ceasefire security arrangement \u201d typically part ceasefire process ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Preliminary ceasefires and comprehensive peace agreements ", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Comprehensive Peace Agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes are often the result of a CPA that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals.As illustrated in Diagram 1 below, CPAs usually include several chapters or annexes addressing different substantive issues. \\n The first three activities under \u201cCeasefire and Security Arrangements\u201d are typically part of the ceasefire process. The cantonment of forces, especially when cantonment sites are also used for DDR activities, is usually the nexus between the ceasefire and the \u201cfinal security arrangements\u201d that include DDR and SSR (see section 7.5).Ceasefires usually require the parties to provide a declaration of forces for moni- toring purposes, ideally disaggregated by sex and including information regarding the presence of WAAFG, CAAFG, abductees, etc. This declaration can provide important planning information for DDR practitioners and, in some cases, negotiated agreements may stipulate the declared number of people in each movement that are expected to participate in a DDR process. Likewise, the assembly or cantonment of forces may provide the opportunity to launch disarmament and demobilization activities in assembly areas, or, at a minimum, to provide information outreach and a preliminary registra- tion of personnel for planning purposes. Outreach should always include messages about the eligibility of female DDR participants and encourage their registration.Discussions on the disengagement and withdrawal of troops may provide infor- mation as to where the process is likely to take place as well as the number of persons involved and the types and quantities of weapons and ammunition present.In addition to security arrangements, the role of armed groups in interim political institutions is usually laid out in the political chapters of a CPA. If political power-sharing systems are set up straight after a conflict, these are the bodies whose membership will be negotiated during a peace agreement. Transitional governments must deal with critical issues and processes resulting from the conflict, including in many cases DDR. It is also these bodies that may be responsible for laying the foundations of longer-term political structures, often through activities such as the review of constitutions, the holding of national political dialogues and the organization of elections. Where there is also a security role for these actors, this may be established in either the political or security chapters of a CPA.Political roles may include participation in the interim administration at all levels (central Government and regional and local authorities) as well as in other political bodies or movements such as being represented in national dialogues. Security areas of consideration might include the need to provide security for political actors, in many cases by establishing protection units for politicians, often drawn from the ranks of their combatants. It may also include the establishment of interim security systems that will incorporate elements from armed forces and groups (see section 7.5.1)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":315, "Sentence":"The cantonment of forces, especially when cantonment sites are also used for DDR activities, is usually the nexus between the ceasefire and the \u201cfinal security arrangements\u201d that include DDR and SSR (see section 7.5).Ceasefires usually require the parties to provide a declaration of forces for moni- toring purposes, ideally disaggregated by sex and including information regarding the presence of WAAFG, CAAFG, abductees, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR cantonment force especially cantonment site also used ddr activity usually nexus ceasefire \u201c final security arrangement \u201d include ddr ssr see section 7.5.ceasefires usually require party provide declaration force moni toring purpose ideally disaggregated sex including information regarding presence waafg caafg abductees etc ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Preliminary ceasefires and comprehensive peace agreements ", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Comprehensive Peace Agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes are often the result of a CPA that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals.As illustrated in Diagram 1 below, CPAs usually include several chapters or annexes addressing different substantive issues. \\n The first three activities under \u201cCeasefire and Security Arrangements\u201d are typically part of the ceasefire process. The cantonment of forces, especially when cantonment sites are also used for DDR activities, is usually the nexus between the ceasefire and the \u201cfinal security arrangements\u201d that include DDR and SSR (see section 7.5).Ceasefires usually require the parties to provide a declaration of forces for moni- toring purposes, ideally disaggregated by sex and including information regarding the presence of WAAFG, CAAFG, abductees, etc. This declaration can provide important planning information for DDR practitioners and, in some cases, negotiated agreements may stipulate the declared number of people in each movement that are expected to participate in a DDR process. Likewise, the assembly or cantonment of forces may provide the opportunity to launch disarmament and demobilization activities in assembly areas, or, at a minimum, to provide information outreach and a preliminary registra- tion of personnel for planning purposes. Outreach should always include messages about the eligibility of female DDR participants and encourage their registration.Discussions on the disengagement and withdrawal of troops may provide infor- mation as to where the process is likely to take place as well as the number of persons involved and the types and quantities of weapons and ammunition present.In addition to security arrangements, the role of armed groups in interim political institutions is usually laid out in the political chapters of a CPA. If political power-sharing systems are set up straight after a conflict, these are the bodies whose membership will be negotiated during a peace agreement. Transitional governments must deal with critical issues and processes resulting from the conflict, including in many cases DDR. It is also these bodies that may be responsible for laying the foundations of longer-term political structures, often through activities such as the review of constitutions, the holding of national political dialogues and the organization of elections. Where there is also a security role for these actors, this may be established in either the political or security chapters of a CPA.Political roles may include participation in the interim administration at all levels (central Government and regional and local authorities) as well as in other political bodies or movements such as being represented in national dialogues. Security areas of consideration might include the need to provide security for political actors, in many cases by establishing protection units for politicians, often drawn from the ranks of their combatants. It may also include the establishment of interim security systems that will incorporate elements from armed forces and groups (see section 7.5.1)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":315, "Sentence":"This declaration can provide important planning information for DDR practitioners and, in some cases, negotiated agreements may stipulate the declared number of people in each movement that are expected to participate in a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR declaration provide important planning information ddr practitioner case negotiated agreement may stipulate declared number people movement expected participate ddr process ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Preliminary ceasefires and comprehensive peace agreements ", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Comprehensive Peace Agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes are often the result of a CPA that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals.As illustrated in Diagram 1 below, CPAs usually include several chapters or annexes addressing different substantive issues. \\n The first three activities under \u201cCeasefire and Security Arrangements\u201d are typically part of the ceasefire process. The cantonment of forces, especially when cantonment sites are also used for DDR activities, is usually the nexus between the ceasefire and the \u201cfinal security arrangements\u201d that include DDR and SSR (see section 7.5).Ceasefires usually require the parties to provide a declaration of forces for moni- toring purposes, ideally disaggregated by sex and including information regarding the presence of WAAFG, CAAFG, abductees, etc. This declaration can provide important planning information for DDR practitioners and, in some cases, negotiated agreements may stipulate the declared number of people in each movement that are expected to participate in a DDR process. Likewise, the assembly or cantonment of forces may provide the opportunity to launch disarmament and demobilization activities in assembly areas, or, at a minimum, to provide information outreach and a preliminary registra- tion of personnel for planning purposes. Outreach should always include messages about the eligibility of female DDR participants and encourage their registration.Discussions on the disengagement and withdrawal of troops may provide infor- mation as to where the process is likely to take place as well as the number of persons involved and the types and quantities of weapons and ammunition present.In addition to security arrangements, the role of armed groups in interim political institutions is usually laid out in the political chapters of a CPA. If political power-sharing systems are set up straight after a conflict, these are the bodies whose membership will be negotiated during a peace agreement. Transitional governments must deal with critical issues and processes resulting from the conflict, including in many cases DDR. It is also these bodies that may be responsible for laying the foundations of longer-term political structures, often through activities such as the review of constitutions, the holding of national political dialogues and the organization of elections. Where there is also a security role for these actors, this may be established in either the political or security chapters of a CPA.Political roles may include participation in the interim administration at all levels (central Government and regional and local authorities) as well as in other political bodies or movements such as being represented in national dialogues. Security areas of consideration might include the need to provide security for political actors, in many cases by establishing protection units for politicians, often drawn from the ranks of their combatants. It may also include the establishment of interim security systems that will incorporate elements from armed forces and groups (see section 7.5.1)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":315, "Sentence":"Likewise, the assembly or cantonment of forces may provide the opportunity to launch disarmament and demobilization activities in assembly areas, or, at a minimum, to provide information outreach and a preliminary registra- tion of personnel for planning purposes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR likewise assembly cantonment force may provide opportunity launch disarmament demobilization activity assembly area minimum provide information outreach preliminary registra tion personnel planning purpose ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Preliminary ceasefires and comprehensive peace agreements ", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Comprehensive Peace Agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes are often the result of a CPA that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals.As illustrated in Diagram 1 below, CPAs usually include several chapters or annexes addressing different substantive issues. \\n The first three activities under \u201cCeasefire and Security Arrangements\u201d are typically part of the ceasefire process. The cantonment of forces, especially when cantonment sites are also used for DDR activities, is usually the nexus between the ceasefire and the \u201cfinal security arrangements\u201d that include DDR and SSR (see section 7.5).Ceasefires usually require the parties to provide a declaration of forces for moni- toring purposes, ideally disaggregated by sex and including information regarding the presence of WAAFG, CAAFG, abductees, etc. This declaration can provide important planning information for DDR practitioners and, in some cases, negotiated agreements may stipulate the declared number of people in each movement that are expected to participate in a DDR process. Likewise, the assembly or cantonment of forces may provide the opportunity to launch disarmament and demobilization activities in assembly areas, or, at a minimum, to provide information outreach and a preliminary registra- tion of personnel for planning purposes. Outreach should always include messages about the eligibility of female DDR participants and encourage their registration.Discussions on the disengagement and withdrawal of troops may provide infor- mation as to where the process is likely to take place as well as the number of persons involved and the types and quantities of weapons and ammunition present.In addition to security arrangements, the role of armed groups in interim political institutions is usually laid out in the political chapters of a CPA. If political power-sharing systems are set up straight after a conflict, these are the bodies whose membership will be negotiated during a peace agreement. Transitional governments must deal with critical issues and processes resulting from the conflict, including in many cases DDR. It is also these bodies that may be responsible for laying the foundations of longer-term political structures, often through activities such as the review of constitutions, the holding of national political dialogues and the organization of elections. Where there is also a security role for these actors, this may be established in either the political or security chapters of a CPA.Political roles may include participation in the interim administration at all levels (central Government and regional and local authorities) as well as in other political bodies or movements such as being represented in national dialogues. Security areas of consideration might include the need to provide security for political actors, in many cases by establishing protection units for politicians, often drawn from the ranks of their combatants. It may also include the establishment of interim security systems that will incorporate elements from armed forces and groups (see section 7.5.1)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":315, "Sentence":"Outreach should always include messages about the eligibility of female DDR participants and encourage their registration.Discussions on the disengagement and withdrawal of troops may provide infor- mation as to where the process is likely to take place as well as the number of persons involved and the types and quantities of weapons and ammunition present.In addition to security arrangements, the role of armed groups in interim political institutions is usually laid out in the political chapters of a CPA.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR outreach always include message eligibility female ddr participant encourage registration.discussions disengagement withdrawal troop may provide infor mation process likely take place well number person involved type quantity weapon ammunition present.in addition security arrangement role armed group interim political institution usually laid political chapter cpa ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Preliminary ceasefires and comprehensive peace agreements ", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Comprehensive Peace Agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes are often the result of a CPA that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals.As illustrated in Diagram 1 below, CPAs usually include several chapters or annexes addressing different substantive issues. \\n The first three activities under \u201cCeasefire and Security Arrangements\u201d are typically part of the ceasefire process. The cantonment of forces, especially when cantonment sites are also used for DDR activities, is usually the nexus between the ceasefire and the \u201cfinal security arrangements\u201d that include DDR and SSR (see section 7.5).Ceasefires usually require the parties to provide a declaration of forces for moni- toring purposes, ideally disaggregated by sex and including information regarding the presence of WAAFG, CAAFG, abductees, etc. This declaration can provide important planning information for DDR practitioners and, in some cases, negotiated agreements may stipulate the declared number of people in each movement that are expected to participate in a DDR process. Likewise, the assembly or cantonment of forces may provide the opportunity to launch disarmament and demobilization activities in assembly areas, or, at a minimum, to provide information outreach and a preliminary registra- tion of personnel for planning purposes. Outreach should always include messages about the eligibility of female DDR participants and encourage their registration.Discussions on the disengagement and withdrawal of troops may provide infor- mation as to where the process is likely to take place as well as the number of persons involved and the types and quantities of weapons and ammunition present.In addition to security arrangements, the role of armed groups in interim political institutions is usually laid out in the political chapters of a CPA. If political power-sharing systems are set up straight after a conflict, these are the bodies whose membership will be negotiated during a peace agreement. Transitional governments must deal with critical issues and processes resulting from the conflict, including in many cases DDR. It is also these bodies that may be responsible for laying the foundations of longer-term political structures, often through activities such as the review of constitutions, the holding of national political dialogues and the organization of elections. Where there is also a security role for these actors, this may be established in either the political or security chapters of a CPA.Political roles may include participation in the interim administration at all levels (central Government and regional and local authorities) as well as in other political bodies or movements such as being represented in national dialogues. Security areas of consideration might include the need to provide security for political actors, in many cases by establishing protection units for politicians, often drawn from the ranks of their combatants. It may also include the establishment of interim security systems that will incorporate elements from armed forces and groups (see section 7.5.1)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":315, "Sentence":"If political power-sharing systems are set up straight after a conflict, these are the bodies whose membership will be negotiated during a peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR political powersharing system set straight conflict body whose membership negotiated peace agreement ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Preliminary ceasefires and comprehensive peace agreements ", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Comprehensive Peace Agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes are often the result of a CPA that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals.As illustrated in Diagram 1 below, CPAs usually include several chapters or annexes addressing different substantive issues. \\n The first three activities under \u201cCeasefire and Security Arrangements\u201d are typically part of the ceasefire process. The cantonment of forces, especially when cantonment sites are also used for DDR activities, is usually the nexus between the ceasefire and the \u201cfinal security arrangements\u201d that include DDR and SSR (see section 7.5).Ceasefires usually require the parties to provide a declaration of forces for moni- toring purposes, ideally disaggregated by sex and including information regarding the presence of WAAFG, CAAFG, abductees, etc. This declaration can provide important planning information for DDR practitioners and, in some cases, negotiated agreements may stipulate the declared number of people in each movement that are expected to participate in a DDR process. Likewise, the assembly or cantonment of forces may provide the opportunity to launch disarmament and demobilization activities in assembly areas, or, at a minimum, to provide information outreach and a preliminary registra- tion of personnel for planning purposes. Outreach should always include messages about the eligibility of female DDR participants and encourage their registration.Discussions on the disengagement and withdrawal of troops may provide infor- mation as to where the process is likely to take place as well as the number of persons involved and the types and quantities of weapons and ammunition present.In addition to security arrangements, the role of armed groups in interim political institutions is usually laid out in the political chapters of a CPA. If political power-sharing systems are set up straight after a conflict, these are the bodies whose membership will be negotiated during a peace agreement. Transitional governments must deal with critical issues and processes resulting from the conflict, including in many cases DDR. It is also these bodies that may be responsible for laying the foundations of longer-term political structures, often through activities such as the review of constitutions, the holding of national political dialogues and the organization of elections. Where there is also a security role for these actors, this may be established in either the political or security chapters of a CPA.Political roles may include participation in the interim administration at all levels (central Government and regional and local authorities) as well as in other political bodies or movements such as being represented in national dialogues. Security areas of consideration might include the need to provide security for political actors, in many cases by establishing protection units for politicians, often drawn from the ranks of their combatants. It may also include the establishment of interim security systems that will incorporate elements from armed forces and groups (see section 7.5.1)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":315, "Sentence":"Transitional governments must deal with critical issues and processes resulting from the conflict, including in many cases DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR transitional government must deal critical issue process resulting conflict including many case ddr ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Preliminary ceasefires and comprehensive peace agreements ", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Comprehensive Peace Agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes are often the result of a CPA that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals.As illustrated in Diagram 1 below, CPAs usually include several chapters or annexes addressing different substantive issues. \\n The first three activities under \u201cCeasefire and Security Arrangements\u201d are typically part of the ceasefire process. The cantonment of forces, especially when cantonment sites are also used for DDR activities, is usually the nexus between the ceasefire and the \u201cfinal security arrangements\u201d that include DDR and SSR (see section 7.5).Ceasefires usually require the parties to provide a declaration of forces for moni- toring purposes, ideally disaggregated by sex and including information regarding the presence of WAAFG, CAAFG, abductees, etc. This declaration can provide important planning information for DDR practitioners and, in some cases, negotiated agreements may stipulate the declared number of people in each movement that are expected to participate in a DDR process. Likewise, the assembly or cantonment of forces may provide the opportunity to launch disarmament and demobilization activities in assembly areas, or, at a minimum, to provide information outreach and a preliminary registra- tion of personnel for planning purposes. Outreach should always include messages about the eligibility of female DDR participants and encourage their registration.Discussions on the disengagement and withdrawal of troops may provide infor- mation as to where the process is likely to take place as well as the number of persons involved and the types and quantities of weapons and ammunition present.In addition to security arrangements, the role of armed groups in interim political institutions is usually laid out in the political chapters of a CPA. If political power-sharing systems are set up straight after a conflict, these are the bodies whose membership will be negotiated during a peace agreement. Transitional governments must deal with critical issues and processes resulting from the conflict, including in many cases DDR. It is also these bodies that may be responsible for laying the foundations of longer-term political structures, often through activities such as the review of constitutions, the holding of national political dialogues and the organization of elections. Where there is also a security role for these actors, this may be established in either the political or security chapters of a CPA.Political roles may include participation in the interim administration at all levels (central Government and regional and local authorities) as well as in other political bodies or movements such as being represented in national dialogues. Security areas of consideration might include the need to provide security for political actors, in many cases by establishing protection units for politicians, often drawn from the ranks of their combatants. It may also include the establishment of interim security systems that will incorporate elements from armed forces and groups (see section 7.5.1)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":315, "Sentence":"It is also these bodies that may be responsible for laying the foundations of longer-term political structures, often through activities such as the review of constitutions, the holding of national political dialogues and the organization of elections.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR also body may responsible laying foundation longerterm political structure often activity review constitution holding national political dialogue organization election ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Preliminary ceasefires and comprehensive peace agreements ", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Comprehensive Peace Agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes are often the result of a CPA that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals.As illustrated in Diagram 1 below, CPAs usually include several chapters or annexes addressing different substantive issues. \\n The first three activities under \u201cCeasefire and Security Arrangements\u201d are typically part of the ceasefire process. The cantonment of forces, especially when cantonment sites are also used for DDR activities, is usually the nexus between the ceasefire and the \u201cfinal security arrangements\u201d that include DDR and SSR (see section 7.5).Ceasefires usually require the parties to provide a declaration of forces for moni- toring purposes, ideally disaggregated by sex and including information regarding the presence of WAAFG, CAAFG, abductees, etc. This declaration can provide important planning information for DDR practitioners and, in some cases, negotiated agreements may stipulate the declared number of people in each movement that are expected to participate in a DDR process. Likewise, the assembly or cantonment of forces may provide the opportunity to launch disarmament and demobilization activities in assembly areas, or, at a minimum, to provide information outreach and a preliminary registra- tion of personnel for planning purposes. Outreach should always include messages about the eligibility of female DDR participants and encourage their registration.Discussions on the disengagement and withdrawal of troops may provide infor- mation as to where the process is likely to take place as well as the number of persons involved and the types and quantities of weapons and ammunition present.In addition to security arrangements, the role of armed groups in interim political institutions is usually laid out in the political chapters of a CPA. If political power-sharing systems are set up straight after a conflict, these are the bodies whose membership will be negotiated during a peace agreement. Transitional governments must deal with critical issues and processes resulting from the conflict, including in many cases DDR. It is also these bodies that may be responsible for laying the foundations of longer-term political structures, often through activities such as the review of constitutions, the holding of national political dialogues and the organization of elections. Where there is also a security role for these actors, this may be established in either the political or security chapters of a CPA.Political roles may include participation in the interim administration at all levels (central Government and regional and local authorities) as well as in other political bodies or movements such as being represented in national dialogues. Security areas of consideration might include the need to provide security for political actors, in many cases by establishing protection units for politicians, often drawn from the ranks of their combatants. It may also include the establishment of interim security systems that will incorporate elements from armed forces and groups (see section 7.5.1)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":315, "Sentence":"Where there is also a security role for these actors, this may be established in either the political or security chapters of a CPA.Political roles may include participation in the interim administration at all levels (central Government and regional and local authorities) as well as in other political bodies or movements such as being represented in national dialogues.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR also security role actor may established either political security chapter cpa.political role may include participation interim administration level central government regional local authority well political body movement represented national dialogue ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Preliminary ceasefires and comprehensive peace agreements ", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Comprehensive Peace Agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes are often the result of a CPA that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals.As illustrated in Diagram 1 below, CPAs usually include several chapters or annexes addressing different substantive issues. \\n The first three activities under \u201cCeasefire and Security Arrangements\u201d are typically part of the ceasefire process. The cantonment of forces, especially when cantonment sites are also used for DDR activities, is usually the nexus between the ceasefire and the \u201cfinal security arrangements\u201d that include DDR and SSR (see section 7.5).Ceasefires usually require the parties to provide a declaration of forces for moni- toring purposes, ideally disaggregated by sex and including information regarding the presence of WAAFG, CAAFG, abductees, etc. This declaration can provide important planning information for DDR practitioners and, in some cases, negotiated agreements may stipulate the declared number of people in each movement that are expected to participate in a DDR process. Likewise, the assembly or cantonment of forces may provide the opportunity to launch disarmament and demobilization activities in assembly areas, or, at a minimum, to provide information outreach and a preliminary registra- tion of personnel for planning purposes. Outreach should always include messages about the eligibility of female DDR participants and encourage their registration.Discussions on the disengagement and withdrawal of troops may provide infor- mation as to where the process is likely to take place as well as the number of persons involved and the types and quantities of weapons and ammunition present.In addition to security arrangements, the role of armed groups in interim political institutions is usually laid out in the political chapters of a CPA. If political power-sharing systems are set up straight after a conflict, these are the bodies whose membership will be negotiated during a peace agreement. Transitional governments must deal with critical issues and processes resulting from the conflict, including in many cases DDR. It is also these bodies that may be responsible for laying the foundations of longer-term political structures, often through activities such as the review of constitutions, the holding of national political dialogues and the organization of elections. Where there is also a security role for these actors, this may be established in either the political or security chapters of a CPA.Political roles may include participation in the interim administration at all levels (central Government and regional and local authorities) as well as in other political bodies or movements such as being represented in national dialogues. Security areas of consideration might include the need to provide security for political actors, in many cases by establishing protection units for politicians, often drawn from the ranks of their combatants. It may also include the establishment of interim security systems that will incorporate elements from armed forces and groups (see section 7.5.1)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":315, "Sentence":"Security areas of consideration might include the need to provide security for political actors, in many cases by establishing protection units for politicians, often drawn from the ranks of their combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR security area consideration might include need provide security political actor many case establishing protection unit politician often drawn rank combatant ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Preliminary ceasefires and comprehensive peace agreements ", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Comprehensive Peace Agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes are often the result of a CPA that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals.As illustrated in Diagram 1 below, CPAs usually include several chapters or annexes addressing different substantive issues. \\n The first three activities under \u201cCeasefire and Security Arrangements\u201d are typically part of the ceasefire process. The cantonment of forces, especially when cantonment sites are also used for DDR activities, is usually the nexus between the ceasefire and the \u201cfinal security arrangements\u201d that include DDR and SSR (see section 7.5).Ceasefires usually require the parties to provide a declaration of forces for moni- toring purposes, ideally disaggregated by sex and including information regarding the presence of WAAFG, CAAFG, abductees, etc. This declaration can provide important planning information for DDR practitioners and, in some cases, negotiated agreements may stipulate the declared number of people in each movement that are expected to participate in a DDR process. Likewise, the assembly or cantonment of forces may provide the opportunity to launch disarmament and demobilization activities in assembly areas, or, at a minimum, to provide information outreach and a preliminary registra- tion of personnel for planning purposes. Outreach should always include messages about the eligibility of female DDR participants and encourage their registration.Discussions on the disengagement and withdrawal of troops may provide infor- mation as to where the process is likely to take place as well as the number of persons involved and the types and quantities of weapons and ammunition present.In addition to security arrangements, the role of armed groups in interim political institutions is usually laid out in the political chapters of a CPA. If political power-sharing systems are set up straight after a conflict, these are the bodies whose membership will be negotiated during a peace agreement. Transitional governments must deal with critical issues and processes resulting from the conflict, including in many cases DDR. It is also these bodies that may be responsible for laying the foundations of longer-term political structures, often through activities such as the review of constitutions, the holding of national political dialogues and the organization of elections. Where there is also a security role for these actors, this may be established in either the political or security chapters of a CPA.Political roles may include participation in the interim administration at all levels (central Government and regional and local authorities) as well as in other political bodies or movements such as being represented in national dialogues. Security areas of consideration might include the need to provide security for political actors, in many cases by establishing protection units for politicians, often drawn from the ranks of their combatants. It may also include the establishment of interim security systems that will incorporate elements from armed forces and groups (see section 7.5.1)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":315, "Sentence":"It may also include the establishment of interim security systems that will incorporate elements from armed forces and groups (see section 7.5.1)", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR may also include establishment interim security system incorporate element armed force group see section 7.5.1" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As members of mediation support teams or mission staff in an advisory role to the Special Representative to the Secretary-General (SRSG) or the Deputy Special Repre- sentative to the Secretary-General (DSRSG), DDR practitioners can provide advice on how to engage with armed forces and groups on DDR issues and contribute to the attainment of agreements. In non-mission settings, the UN peace and development advisors (PDAs) deployed to the office of the UN Resident Coordinator (RC) play a key role in advising the RC and the government on how to engage and address armed groups. DDR practitioners assigned to UN mediation support teams may also draft DDR provisions of ceasefires, local peace agreements and CPAs, and make proposals on the design and implementation of DDR processes.In addition to the various parties to the conflict, the UN should also support the participation of civil society in peace negotiations, in particular women, youth and others traditionally excluded from peace talks. Women\u2019s participation (in mediation and negotiations) can expand the range of domestic constituencies engaged in a peace process, strengthening its legitimacy and credibility. Women\u2019s perspectives also bring a different understanding of the causes and consequences of conflict, generating more comprehensive and potentially targeted proposals for its resolution.Mediators and DDR practitioners should recognize the sensitivities around lan- guage and be flexible and contextual with the terms that are used. The term \u2018reinte- gration\u2019 may be perceived as inappropriate, particularly if members of armed groups never left their communities. Terms such as \u2018rehabilitation\u2019 or \u2018reincorporation\u2019 may be considered instead. Similarly, the term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can include connotations of surrender or of having weapons taken away by a more powerful actor, and its use can prevent warring parties from moving forward with the negotiations (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). DDR practitioners and mediators can consider the use of more neutral terms, such as \u2018laying aside of weapons\u2019 or \u2018transitional weapons and ammu- nition management\u2019. The use of transitional WAM activities and terminology may also set the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in a peace agreement while guarantees around security, justice and integration into the security sector are lacking (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Medi- ators and other actors supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge or have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appro- priate and evidence-based DDR WAM provisions.Within a CPA, the detail of large parts of the final security arrangements, including strategy and programme documents and budgets, is often left until later. However, CPAs should typically establish the principle that DDR will take place and outline the structures responsible for implementation.If contextual analysis reveals that both local and national conflict dynamics are at play (see section 5.1.4) DDR practitioners can support a multilevel approach to mediation. This approach should not be reactive and ad hoc, but part of a well-articulated strategy explicitly connecting the local to the national.Problems may arise if those engaged in negotiations are not well informed about DDR and commit to an unsuitable or unrealistic process. This usually occurs when DDR expertise is not available in negotiations or the organizations that might support a DDR process are not consulted by the mediators or facilitators of a peace process. It is therefore important to ensure that DDR experts are available to advise on peace agree- ments that include provisions for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":316, "Sentence":"As members of mediation support teams or mission staff in an advisory role to the Special Representative to the Secretary-General (SRSG) or the Deputy Special Repre- sentative to the Secretary-General (DSRSG), DDR practitioners can provide advice on how to engage with armed forces and groups on DDR issues and contribute to the attainment of agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR member mediation support team mission staff advisory role special representative secretarygeneral srsg deputy special repre sentative secretarygeneral dsrsg ddr practitioner provide advice engage armed force group ddr issue contribute attainment agreement ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As members of mediation support teams or mission staff in an advisory role to the Special Representative to the Secretary-General (SRSG) or the Deputy Special Repre- sentative to the Secretary-General (DSRSG), DDR practitioners can provide advice on how to engage with armed forces and groups on DDR issues and contribute to the attainment of agreements. In non-mission settings, the UN peace and development advisors (PDAs) deployed to the office of the UN Resident Coordinator (RC) play a key role in advising the RC and the government on how to engage and address armed groups. DDR practitioners assigned to UN mediation support teams may also draft DDR provisions of ceasefires, local peace agreements and CPAs, and make proposals on the design and implementation of DDR processes.In addition to the various parties to the conflict, the UN should also support the participation of civil society in peace negotiations, in particular women, youth and others traditionally excluded from peace talks. Women\u2019s participation (in mediation and negotiations) can expand the range of domestic constituencies engaged in a peace process, strengthening its legitimacy and credibility. Women\u2019s perspectives also bring a different understanding of the causes and consequences of conflict, generating more comprehensive and potentially targeted proposals for its resolution.Mediators and DDR practitioners should recognize the sensitivities around lan- guage and be flexible and contextual with the terms that are used. The term \u2018reinte- gration\u2019 may be perceived as inappropriate, particularly if members of armed groups never left their communities. Terms such as \u2018rehabilitation\u2019 or \u2018reincorporation\u2019 may be considered instead. Similarly, the term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can include connotations of surrender or of having weapons taken away by a more powerful actor, and its use can prevent warring parties from moving forward with the negotiations (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). DDR practitioners and mediators can consider the use of more neutral terms, such as \u2018laying aside of weapons\u2019 or \u2018transitional weapons and ammu- nition management\u2019. The use of transitional WAM activities and terminology may also set the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in a peace agreement while guarantees around security, justice and integration into the security sector are lacking (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Medi- ators and other actors supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge or have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appro- priate and evidence-based DDR WAM provisions.Within a CPA, the detail of large parts of the final security arrangements, including strategy and programme documents and budgets, is often left until later. However, CPAs should typically establish the principle that DDR will take place and outline the structures responsible for implementation.If contextual analysis reveals that both local and national conflict dynamics are at play (see section 5.1.4) DDR practitioners can support a multilevel approach to mediation. This approach should not be reactive and ad hoc, but part of a well-articulated strategy explicitly connecting the local to the national.Problems may arise if those engaged in negotiations are not well informed about DDR and commit to an unsuitable or unrealistic process. This usually occurs when DDR expertise is not available in negotiations or the organizations that might support a DDR process are not consulted by the mediators or facilitators of a peace process. It is therefore important to ensure that DDR experts are available to advise on peace agree- ments that include provisions for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":316, "Sentence":"In non-mission settings, the UN peace and development advisors (PDAs) deployed to the office of the UN Resident Coordinator (RC) play a key role in advising the RC and the government on how to engage and address armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR nonmission setting un peace development advisor pda deployed office un resident coordinator rc play key role advising rc government engage address armed group ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As members of mediation support teams or mission staff in an advisory role to the Special Representative to the Secretary-General (SRSG) or the Deputy Special Repre- sentative to the Secretary-General (DSRSG), DDR practitioners can provide advice on how to engage with armed forces and groups on DDR issues and contribute to the attainment of agreements. In non-mission settings, the UN peace and development advisors (PDAs) deployed to the office of the UN Resident Coordinator (RC) play a key role in advising the RC and the government on how to engage and address armed groups. DDR practitioners assigned to UN mediation support teams may also draft DDR provisions of ceasefires, local peace agreements and CPAs, and make proposals on the design and implementation of DDR processes.In addition to the various parties to the conflict, the UN should also support the participation of civil society in peace negotiations, in particular women, youth and others traditionally excluded from peace talks. Women\u2019s participation (in mediation and negotiations) can expand the range of domestic constituencies engaged in a peace process, strengthening its legitimacy and credibility. Women\u2019s perspectives also bring a different understanding of the causes and consequences of conflict, generating more comprehensive and potentially targeted proposals for its resolution.Mediators and DDR practitioners should recognize the sensitivities around lan- guage and be flexible and contextual with the terms that are used. The term \u2018reinte- gration\u2019 may be perceived as inappropriate, particularly if members of armed groups never left their communities. Terms such as \u2018rehabilitation\u2019 or \u2018reincorporation\u2019 may be considered instead. Similarly, the term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can include connotations of surrender or of having weapons taken away by a more powerful actor, and its use can prevent warring parties from moving forward with the negotiations (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). DDR practitioners and mediators can consider the use of more neutral terms, such as \u2018laying aside of weapons\u2019 or \u2018transitional weapons and ammu- nition management\u2019. The use of transitional WAM activities and terminology may also set the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in a peace agreement while guarantees around security, justice and integration into the security sector are lacking (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Medi- ators and other actors supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge or have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appro- priate and evidence-based DDR WAM provisions.Within a CPA, the detail of large parts of the final security arrangements, including strategy and programme documents and budgets, is often left until later. However, CPAs should typically establish the principle that DDR will take place and outline the structures responsible for implementation.If contextual analysis reveals that both local and national conflict dynamics are at play (see section 5.1.4) DDR practitioners can support a multilevel approach to mediation. This approach should not be reactive and ad hoc, but part of a well-articulated strategy explicitly connecting the local to the national.Problems may arise if those engaged in negotiations are not well informed about DDR and commit to an unsuitable or unrealistic process. This usually occurs when DDR expertise is not available in negotiations or the organizations that might support a DDR process are not consulted by the mediators or facilitators of a peace process. It is therefore important to ensure that DDR experts are available to advise on peace agree- ments that include provisions for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":316, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners assigned to UN mediation support teams may also draft DDR provisions of ceasefires, local peace agreements and CPAs, and make proposals on the design and implementation of DDR processes.In addition to the various parties to the conflict, the UN should also support the participation of civil society in peace negotiations, in particular women, youth and others traditionally excluded from peace talks.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddr practitioner assigned un mediation support team may also draft ddr provision ceasefires local peace agreement cpa make proposal design implementation ddr processes.in addition various party conflict un also support participation civil society peace negotiation particular woman youth others traditionally excluded peace talk ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As members of mediation support teams or mission staff in an advisory role to the Special Representative to the Secretary-General (SRSG) or the Deputy Special Repre- sentative to the Secretary-General (DSRSG), DDR practitioners can provide advice on how to engage with armed forces and groups on DDR issues and contribute to the attainment of agreements. In non-mission settings, the UN peace and development advisors (PDAs) deployed to the office of the UN Resident Coordinator (RC) play a key role in advising the RC and the government on how to engage and address armed groups. DDR practitioners assigned to UN mediation support teams may also draft DDR provisions of ceasefires, local peace agreements and CPAs, and make proposals on the design and implementation of DDR processes.In addition to the various parties to the conflict, the UN should also support the participation of civil society in peace negotiations, in particular women, youth and others traditionally excluded from peace talks. Women\u2019s participation (in mediation and negotiations) can expand the range of domestic constituencies engaged in a peace process, strengthening its legitimacy and credibility. Women\u2019s perspectives also bring a different understanding of the causes and consequences of conflict, generating more comprehensive and potentially targeted proposals for its resolution.Mediators and DDR practitioners should recognize the sensitivities around lan- guage and be flexible and contextual with the terms that are used. The term \u2018reinte- gration\u2019 may be perceived as inappropriate, particularly if members of armed groups never left their communities. Terms such as \u2018rehabilitation\u2019 or \u2018reincorporation\u2019 may be considered instead. Similarly, the term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can include connotations of surrender or of having weapons taken away by a more powerful actor, and its use can prevent warring parties from moving forward with the negotiations (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). DDR practitioners and mediators can consider the use of more neutral terms, such as \u2018laying aside of weapons\u2019 or \u2018transitional weapons and ammu- nition management\u2019. The use of transitional WAM activities and terminology may also set the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in a peace agreement while guarantees around security, justice and integration into the security sector are lacking (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Medi- ators and other actors supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge or have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appro- priate and evidence-based DDR WAM provisions.Within a CPA, the detail of large parts of the final security arrangements, including strategy and programme documents and budgets, is often left until later. However, CPAs should typically establish the principle that DDR will take place and outline the structures responsible for implementation.If contextual analysis reveals that both local and national conflict dynamics are at play (see section 5.1.4) DDR practitioners can support a multilevel approach to mediation. This approach should not be reactive and ad hoc, but part of a well-articulated strategy explicitly connecting the local to the national.Problems may arise if those engaged in negotiations are not well informed about DDR and commit to an unsuitable or unrealistic process. This usually occurs when DDR expertise is not available in negotiations or the organizations that might support a DDR process are not consulted by the mediators or facilitators of a peace process. It is therefore important to ensure that DDR experts are available to advise on peace agree- ments that include provisions for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":316, "Sentence":"Women\u2019s participation (in mediation and negotiations) can expand the range of domestic constituencies engaged in a peace process, strengthening its legitimacy and credibility.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR woman \u2019 participation mediation negotiation expand range domestic constituency engaged peace process strengthening legitimacy credibility ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As members of mediation support teams or mission staff in an advisory role to the Special Representative to the Secretary-General (SRSG) or the Deputy Special Repre- sentative to the Secretary-General (DSRSG), DDR practitioners can provide advice on how to engage with armed forces and groups on DDR issues and contribute to the attainment of agreements. In non-mission settings, the UN peace and development advisors (PDAs) deployed to the office of the UN Resident Coordinator (RC) play a key role in advising the RC and the government on how to engage and address armed groups. DDR practitioners assigned to UN mediation support teams may also draft DDR provisions of ceasefires, local peace agreements and CPAs, and make proposals on the design and implementation of DDR processes.In addition to the various parties to the conflict, the UN should also support the participation of civil society in peace negotiations, in particular women, youth and others traditionally excluded from peace talks. Women\u2019s participation (in mediation and negotiations) can expand the range of domestic constituencies engaged in a peace process, strengthening its legitimacy and credibility. Women\u2019s perspectives also bring a different understanding of the causes and consequences of conflict, generating more comprehensive and potentially targeted proposals for its resolution.Mediators and DDR practitioners should recognize the sensitivities around lan- guage and be flexible and contextual with the terms that are used. The term \u2018reinte- gration\u2019 may be perceived as inappropriate, particularly if members of armed groups never left their communities. Terms such as \u2018rehabilitation\u2019 or \u2018reincorporation\u2019 may be considered instead. Similarly, the term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can include connotations of surrender or of having weapons taken away by a more powerful actor, and its use can prevent warring parties from moving forward with the negotiations (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). DDR practitioners and mediators can consider the use of more neutral terms, such as \u2018laying aside of weapons\u2019 or \u2018transitional weapons and ammu- nition management\u2019. The use of transitional WAM activities and terminology may also set the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in a peace agreement while guarantees around security, justice and integration into the security sector are lacking (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Medi- ators and other actors supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge or have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appro- priate and evidence-based DDR WAM provisions.Within a CPA, the detail of large parts of the final security arrangements, including strategy and programme documents and budgets, is often left until later. However, CPAs should typically establish the principle that DDR will take place and outline the structures responsible for implementation.If contextual analysis reveals that both local and national conflict dynamics are at play (see section 5.1.4) DDR practitioners can support a multilevel approach to mediation. This approach should not be reactive and ad hoc, but part of a well-articulated strategy explicitly connecting the local to the national.Problems may arise if those engaged in negotiations are not well informed about DDR and commit to an unsuitable or unrealistic process. This usually occurs when DDR expertise is not available in negotiations or the organizations that might support a DDR process are not consulted by the mediators or facilitators of a peace process. It is therefore important to ensure that DDR experts are available to advise on peace agree- ments that include provisions for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":316, "Sentence":"Women\u2019s perspectives also bring a different understanding of the causes and consequences of conflict, generating more comprehensive and potentially targeted proposals for its resolution.Mediators and DDR practitioners should recognize the sensitivities around lan- guage and be flexible and contextual with the terms that are used.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR woman \u2019 perspective also bring different understanding cause consequence conflict generating comprehensive potentially targeted proposal resolution.mediators ddr practitioner recognize sensitivity around lan guage flexible contextual term used ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As members of mediation support teams or mission staff in an advisory role to the Special Representative to the Secretary-General (SRSG) or the Deputy Special Repre- sentative to the Secretary-General (DSRSG), DDR practitioners can provide advice on how to engage with armed forces and groups on DDR issues and contribute to the attainment of agreements. In non-mission settings, the UN peace and development advisors (PDAs) deployed to the office of the UN Resident Coordinator (RC) play a key role in advising the RC and the government on how to engage and address armed groups. DDR practitioners assigned to UN mediation support teams may also draft DDR provisions of ceasefires, local peace agreements and CPAs, and make proposals on the design and implementation of DDR processes.In addition to the various parties to the conflict, the UN should also support the participation of civil society in peace negotiations, in particular women, youth and others traditionally excluded from peace talks. Women\u2019s participation (in mediation and negotiations) can expand the range of domestic constituencies engaged in a peace process, strengthening its legitimacy and credibility. Women\u2019s perspectives also bring a different understanding of the causes and consequences of conflict, generating more comprehensive and potentially targeted proposals for its resolution.Mediators and DDR practitioners should recognize the sensitivities around lan- guage and be flexible and contextual with the terms that are used. The term \u2018reinte- gration\u2019 may be perceived as inappropriate, particularly if members of armed groups never left their communities. Terms such as \u2018rehabilitation\u2019 or \u2018reincorporation\u2019 may be considered instead. Similarly, the term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can include connotations of surrender or of having weapons taken away by a more powerful actor, and its use can prevent warring parties from moving forward with the negotiations (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). DDR practitioners and mediators can consider the use of more neutral terms, such as \u2018laying aside of weapons\u2019 or \u2018transitional weapons and ammu- nition management\u2019. The use of transitional WAM activities and terminology may also set the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in a peace agreement while guarantees around security, justice and integration into the security sector are lacking (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Medi- ators and other actors supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge or have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appro- priate and evidence-based DDR WAM provisions.Within a CPA, the detail of large parts of the final security arrangements, including strategy and programme documents and budgets, is often left until later. However, CPAs should typically establish the principle that DDR will take place and outline the structures responsible for implementation.If contextual analysis reveals that both local and national conflict dynamics are at play (see section 5.1.4) DDR practitioners can support a multilevel approach to mediation. This approach should not be reactive and ad hoc, but part of a well-articulated strategy explicitly connecting the local to the national.Problems may arise if those engaged in negotiations are not well informed about DDR and commit to an unsuitable or unrealistic process. This usually occurs when DDR expertise is not available in negotiations or the organizations that might support a DDR process are not consulted by the mediators or facilitators of a peace process. It is therefore important to ensure that DDR experts are available to advise on peace agree- ments that include provisions for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":316, "Sentence":"The term \u2018reinte- gration\u2019 may be perceived as inappropriate, particularly if members of armed groups never left their communities.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR term \u2018 reinte gration \u2019 may perceived inappropriate particularly member armed group never left community ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As members of mediation support teams or mission staff in an advisory role to the Special Representative to the Secretary-General (SRSG) or the Deputy Special Repre- sentative to the Secretary-General (DSRSG), DDR practitioners can provide advice on how to engage with armed forces and groups on DDR issues and contribute to the attainment of agreements. In non-mission settings, the UN peace and development advisors (PDAs) deployed to the office of the UN Resident Coordinator (RC) play a key role in advising the RC and the government on how to engage and address armed groups. DDR practitioners assigned to UN mediation support teams may also draft DDR provisions of ceasefires, local peace agreements and CPAs, and make proposals on the design and implementation of DDR processes.In addition to the various parties to the conflict, the UN should also support the participation of civil society in peace negotiations, in particular women, youth and others traditionally excluded from peace talks. Women\u2019s participation (in mediation and negotiations) can expand the range of domestic constituencies engaged in a peace process, strengthening its legitimacy and credibility. Women\u2019s perspectives also bring a different understanding of the causes and consequences of conflict, generating more comprehensive and potentially targeted proposals for its resolution.Mediators and DDR practitioners should recognize the sensitivities around lan- guage and be flexible and contextual with the terms that are used. The term \u2018reinte- gration\u2019 may be perceived as inappropriate, particularly if members of armed groups never left their communities. Terms such as \u2018rehabilitation\u2019 or \u2018reincorporation\u2019 may be considered instead. Similarly, the term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can include connotations of surrender or of having weapons taken away by a more powerful actor, and its use can prevent warring parties from moving forward with the negotiations (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). DDR practitioners and mediators can consider the use of more neutral terms, such as \u2018laying aside of weapons\u2019 or \u2018transitional weapons and ammu- nition management\u2019. The use of transitional WAM activities and terminology may also set the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in a peace agreement while guarantees around security, justice and integration into the security sector are lacking (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Medi- ators and other actors supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge or have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appro- priate and evidence-based DDR WAM provisions.Within a CPA, the detail of large parts of the final security arrangements, including strategy and programme documents and budgets, is often left until later. However, CPAs should typically establish the principle that DDR will take place and outline the structures responsible for implementation.If contextual analysis reveals that both local and national conflict dynamics are at play (see section 5.1.4) DDR practitioners can support a multilevel approach to mediation. This approach should not be reactive and ad hoc, but part of a well-articulated strategy explicitly connecting the local to the national.Problems may arise if those engaged in negotiations are not well informed about DDR and commit to an unsuitable or unrealistic process. This usually occurs when DDR expertise is not available in negotiations or the organizations that might support a DDR process are not consulted by the mediators or facilitators of a peace process. It is therefore important to ensure that DDR experts are available to advise on peace agree- ments that include provisions for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":316, "Sentence":"Terms such as \u2018rehabilitation\u2019 or \u2018reincorporation\u2019 may be considered instead.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR term \u2018 rehabilitation \u2019 \u2018 reincorporation \u2019 may considered instead ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As members of mediation support teams or mission staff in an advisory role to the Special Representative to the Secretary-General (SRSG) or the Deputy Special Repre- sentative to the Secretary-General (DSRSG), DDR practitioners can provide advice on how to engage with armed forces and groups on DDR issues and contribute to the attainment of agreements. In non-mission settings, the UN peace and development advisors (PDAs) deployed to the office of the UN Resident Coordinator (RC) play a key role in advising the RC and the government on how to engage and address armed groups. DDR practitioners assigned to UN mediation support teams may also draft DDR provisions of ceasefires, local peace agreements and CPAs, and make proposals on the design and implementation of DDR processes.In addition to the various parties to the conflict, the UN should also support the participation of civil society in peace negotiations, in particular women, youth and others traditionally excluded from peace talks. Women\u2019s participation (in mediation and negotiations) can expand the range of domestic constituencies engaged in a peace process, strengthening its legitimacy and credibility. Women\u2019s perspectives also bring a different understanding of the causes and consequences of conflict, generating more comprehensive and potentially targeted proposals for its resolution.Mediators and DDR practitioners should recognize the sensitivities around lan- guage and be flexible and contextual with the terms that are used. The term \u2018reinte- gration\u2019 may be perceived as inappropriate, particularly if members of armed groups never left their communities. Terms such as \u2018rehabilitation\u2019 or \u2018reincorporation\u2019 may be considered instead. Similarly, the term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can include connotations of surrender or of having weapons taken away by a more powerful actor, and its use can prevent warring parties from moving forward with the negotiations (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). DDR practitioners and mediators can consider the use of more neutral terms, such as \u2018laying aside of weapons\u2019 or \u2018transitional weapons and ammu- nition management\u2019. The use of transitional WAM activities and terminology may also set the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in a peace agreement while guarantees around security, justice and integration into the security sector are lacking (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Medi- ators and other actors supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge or have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appro- priate and evidence-based DDR WAM provisions.Within a CPA, the detail of large parts of the final security arrangements, including strategy and programme documents and budgets, is often left until later. However, CPAs should typically establish the principle that DDR will take place and outline the structures responsible for implementation.If contextual analysis reveals that both local and national conflict dynamics are at play (see section 5.1.4) DDR practitioners can support a multilevel approach to mediation. This approach should not be reactive and ad hoc, but part of a well-articulated strategy explicitly connecting the local to the national.Problems may arise if those engaged in negotiations are not well informed about DDR and commit to an unsuitable or unrealistic process. This usually occurs when DDR expertise is not available in negotiations or the organizations that might support a DDR process are not consulted by the mediators or facilitators of a peace process. It is therefore important to ensure that DDR experts are available to advise on peace agree- ments that include provisions for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":316, "Sentence":"Similarly, the term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can include connotations of surrender or of having weapons taken away by a more powerful actor, and its use can prevent warring parties from moving forward with the negotiations (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR similarly term \u2018 disarmament \u2019 include connotation surrender weapon taken away powerful actor use prevent warring party moving forward negotiation see also iddrs 4.10 disarmament ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As members of mediation support teams or mission staff in an advisory role to the Special Representative to the Secretary-General (SRSG) or the Deputy Special Repre- sentative to the Secretary-General (DSRSG), DDR practitioners can provide advice on how to engage with armed forces and groups on DDR issues and contribute to the attainment of agreements. In non-mission settings, the UN peace and development advisors (PDAs) deployed to the office of the UN Resident Coordinator (RC) play a key role in advising the RC and the government on how to engage and address armed groups. DDR practitioners assigned to UN mediation support teams may also draft DDR provisions of ceasefires, local peace agreements and CPAs, and make proposals on the design and implementation of DDR processes.In addition to the various parties to the conflict, the UN should also support the participation of civil society in peace negotiations, in particular women, youth and others traditionally excluded from peace talks. Women\u2019s participation (in mediation and negotiations) can expand the range of domestic constituencies engaged in a peace process, strengthening its legitimacy and credibility. Women\u2019s perspectives also bring a different understanding of the causes and consequences of conflict, generating more comprehensive and potentially targeted proposals for its resolution.Mediators and DDR practitioners should recognize the sensitivities around lan- guage and be flexible and contextual with the terms that are used. The term \u2018reinte- gration\u2019 may be perceived as inappropriate, particularly if members of armed groups never left their communities. Terms such as \u2018rehabilitation\u2019 or \u2018reincorporation\u2019 may be considered instead. Similarly, the term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can include connotations of surrender or of having weapons taken away by a more powerful actor, and its use can prevent warring parties from moving forward with the negotiations (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). DDR practitioners and mediators can consider the use of more neutral terms, such as \u2018laying aside of weapons\u2019 or \u2018transitional weapons and ammu- nition management\u2019. The use of transitional WAM activities and terminology may also set the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in a peace agreement while guarantees around security, justice and integration into the security sector are lacking (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Medi- ators and other actors supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge or have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appro- priate and evidence-based DDR WAM provisions.Within a CPA, the detail of large parts of the final security arrangements, including strategy and programme documents and budgets, is often left until later. However, CPAs should typically establish the principle that DDR will take place and outline the structures responsible for implementation.If contextual analysis reveals that both local and national conflict dynamics are at play (see section 5.1.4) DDR practitioners can support a multilevel approach to mediation. This approach should not be reactive and ad hoc, but part of a well-articulated strategy explicitly connecting the local to the national.Problems may arise if those engaged in negotiations are not well informed about DDR and commit to an unsuitable or unrealistic process. This usually occurs when DDR expertise is not available in negotiations or the organizations that might support a DDR process are not consulted by the mediators or facilitators of a peace process. It is therefore important to ensure that DDR experts are available to advise on peace agree- ments that include provisions for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":316, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners and mediators can consider the use of more neutral terms, such as \u2018laying aside of weapons\u2019 or \u2018transitional weapons and ammu- nition management\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddr practitioner mediator consider use neutral term \u2018 laying aside weapon \u2019 \u2018 transitional weapon ammu nition management \u2019 ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As members of mediation support teams or mission staff in an advisory role to the Special Representative to the Secretary-General (SRSG) or the Deputy Special Repre- sentative to the Secretary-General (DSRSG), DDR practitioners can provide advice on how to engage with armed forces and groups on DDR issues and contribute to the attainment of agreements. In non-mission settings, the UN peace and development advisors (PDAs) deployed to the office of the UN Resident Coordinator (RC) play a key role in advising the RC and the government on how to engage and address armed groups. DDR practitioners assigned to UN mediation support teams may also draft DDR provisions of ceasefires, local peace agreements and CPAs, and make proposals on the design and implementation of DDR processes.In addition to the various parties to the conflict, the UN should also support the participation of civil society in peace negotiations, in particular women, youth and others traditionally excluded from peace talks. Women\u2019s participation (in mediation and negotiations) can expand the range of domestic constituencies engaged in a peace process, strengthening its legitimacy and credibility. Women\u2019s perspectives also bring a different understanding of the causes and consequences of conflict, generating more comprehensive and potentially targeted proposals for its resolution.Mediators and DDR practitioners should recognize the sensitivities around lan- guage and be flexible and contextual with the terms that are used. The term \u2018reinte- gration\u2019 may be perceived as inappropriate, particularly if members of armed groups never left their communities. Terms such as \u2018rehabilitation\u2019 or \u2018reincorporation\u2019 may be considered instead. Similarly, the term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can include connotations of surrender or of having weapons taken away by a more powerful actor, and its use can prevent warring parties from moving forward with the negotiations (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). DDR practitioners and mediators can consider the use of more neutral terms, such as \u2018laying aside of weapons\u2019 or \u2018transitional weapons and ammu- nition management\u2019. The use of transitional WAM activities and terminology may also set the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in a peace agreement while guarantees around security, justice and integration into the security sector are lacking (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Medi- ators and other actors supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge or have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appro- priate and evidence-based DDR WAM provisions.Within a CPA, the detail of large parts of the final security arrangements, including strategy and programme documents and budgets, is often left until later. However, CPAs should typically establish the principle that DDR will take place and outline the structures responsible for implementation.If contextual analysis reveals that both local and national conflict dynamics are at play (see section 5.1.4) DDR practitioners can support a multilevel approach to mediation. This approach should not be reactive and ad hoc, but part of a well-articulated strategy explicitly connecting the local to the national.Problems may arise if those engaged in negotiations are not well informed about DDR and commit to an unsuitable or unrealistic process. This usually occurs when DDR expertise is not available in negotiations or the organizations that might support a DDR process are not consulted by the mediators or facilitators of a peace process. It is therefore important to ensure that DDR experts are available to advise on peace agree- ments that include provisions for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":316, "Sentence":"The use of transitional WAM activities and terminology may also set the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in a peace agreement while guarantees around security, justice and integration into the security sector are lacking (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR use transitional wam activity terminology may also set ground realistic arm control provision peace agreement guarantee around security justice integration security sector lacking see also iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammunition management ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As members of mediation support teams or mission staff in an advisory role to the Special Representative to the Secretary-General (SRSG) or the Deputy Special Repre- sentative to the Secretary-General (DSRSG), DDR practitioners can provide advice on how to engage with armed forces and groups on DDR issues and contribute to the attainment of agreements. In non-mission settings, the UN peace and development advisors (PDAs) deployed to the office of the UN Resident Coordinator (RC) play a key role in advising the RC and the government on how to engage and address armed groups. DDR practitioners assigned to UN mediation support teams may also draft DDR provisions of ceasefires, local peace agreements and CPAs, and make proposals on the design and implementation of DDR processes.In addition to the various parties to the conflict, the UN should also support the participation of civil society in peace negotiations, in particular women, youth and others traditionally excluded from peace talks. Women\u2019s participation (in mediation and negotiations) can expand the range of domestic constituencies engaged in a peace process, strengthening its legitimacy and credibility. Women\u2019s perspectives also bring a different understanding of the causes and consequences of conflict, generating more comprehensive and potentially targeted proposals for its resolution.Mediators and DDR practitioners should recognize the sensitivities around lan- guage and be flexible and contextual with the terms that are used. The term \u2018reinte- gration\u2019 may be perceived as inappropriate, particularly if members of armed groups never left their communities. Terms such as \u2018rehabilitation\u2019 or \u2018reincorporation\u2019 may be considered instead. Similarly, the term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can include connotations of surrender or of having weapons taken away by a more powerful actor, and its use can prevent warring parties from moving forward with the negotiations (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). DDR practitioners and mediators can consider the use of more neutral terms, such as \u2018laying aside of weapons\u2019 or \u2018transitional weapons and ammu- nition management\u2019. The use of transitional WAM activities and terminology may also set the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in a peace agreement while guarantees around security, justice and integration into the security sector are lacking (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Medi- ators and other actors supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge or have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appro- priate and evidence-based DDR WAM provisions.Within a CPA, the detail of large parts of the final security arrangements, including strategy and programme documents and budgets, is often left until later. However, CPAs should typically establish the principle that DDR will take place and outline the structures responsible for implementation.If contextual analysis reveals that both local and national conflict dynamics are at play (see section 5.1.4) DDR practitioners can support a multilevel approach to mediation. This approach should not be reactive and ad hoc, but part of a well-articulated strategy explicitly connecting the local to the national.Problems may arise if those engaged in negotiations are not well informed about DDR and commit to an unsuitable or unrealistic process. This usually occurs when DDR expertise is not available in negotiations or the organizations that might support a DDR process are not consulted by the mediators or facilitators of a peace process. It is therefore important to ensure that DDR experts are available to advise on peace agree- ments that include provisions for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":316, "Sentence":"Medi- ators and other actors supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge or have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appro- priate and evidence-based DDR WAM provisions.Within a CPA, the detail of large parts of the final security arrangements, including strategy and programme documents and budgets, is often left until later.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR medi ators actor supporting mediation process strong ddr wam knowledge access expertise guide designing appro priate evidencebased ddr wam provisions.within cpa detail large part final security arrangement including strategy programme document budget often left later ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As members of mediation support teams or mission staff in an advisory role to the Special Representative to the Secretary-General (SRSG) or the Deputy Special Repre- sentative to the Secretary-General (DSRSG), DDR practitioners can provide advice on how to engage with armed forces and groups on DDR issues and contribute to the attainment of agreements. In non-mission settings, the UN peace and development advisors (PDAs) deployed to the office of the UN Resident Coordinator (RC) play a key role in advising the RC and the government on how to engage and address armed groups. DDR practitioners assigned to UN mediation support teams may also draft DDR provisions of ceasefires, local peace agreements and CPAs, and make proposals on the design and implementation of DDR processes.In addition to the various parties to the conflict, the UN should also support the participation of civil society in peace negotiations, in particular women, youth and others traditionally excluded from peace talks. Women\u2019s participation (in mediation and negotiations) can expand the range of domestic constituencies engaged in a peace process, strengthening its legitimacy and credibility. Women\u2019s perspectives also bring a different understanding of the causes and consequences of conflict, generating more comprehensive and potentially targeted proposals for its resolution.Mediators and DDR practitioners should recognize the sensitivities around lan- guage and be flexible and contextual with the terms that are used. The term \u2018reinte- gration\u2019 may be perceived as inappropriate, particularly if members of armed groups never left their communities. Terms such as \u2018rehabilitation\u2019 or \u2018reincorporation\u2019 may be considered instead. Similarly, the term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can include connotations of surrender or of having weapons taken away by a more powerful actor, and its use can prevent warring parties from moving forward with the negotiations (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). DDR practitioners and mediators can consider the use of more neutral terms, such as \u2018laying aside of weapons\u2019 or \u2018transitional weapons and ammu- nition management\u2019. The use of transitional WAM activities and terminology may also set the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in a peace agreement while guarantees around security, justice and integration into the security sector are lacking (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Medi- ators and other actors supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge or have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appro- priate and evidence-based DDR WAM provisions.Within a CPA, the detail of large parts of the final security arrangements, including strategy and programme documents and budgets, is often left until later. However, CPAs should typically establish the principle that DDR will take place and outline the structures responsible for implementation.If contextual analysis reveals that both local and national conflict dynamics are at play (see section 5.1.4) DDR practitioners can support a multilevel approach to mediation. This approach should not be reactive and ad hoc, but part of a well-articulated strategy explicitly connecting the local to the national.Problems may arise if those engaged in negotiations are not well informed about DDR and commit to an unsuitable or unrealistic process. This usually occurs when DDR expertise is not available in negotiations or the organizations that might support a DDR process are not consulted by the mediators or facilitators of a peace process. It is therefore important to ensure that DDR experts are available to advise on peace agree- ments that include provisions for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":316, "Sentence":"However, CPAs should typically establish the principle that DDR will take place and outline the structures responsible for implementation.If contextual analysis reveals that both local and national conflict dynamics are at play (see section 5.1.4) DDR practitioners can support a multilevel approach to mediation.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR however cpa typically establish principle ddr take place outline structure responsible implementation.if contextual analysis reveals local national conflict dynamic play see section 5.1.4 ddr practitioner support multilevel approach mediation ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As members of mediation support teams or mission staff in an advisory role to the Special Representative to the Secretary-General (SRSG) or the Deputy Special Repre- sentative to the Secretary-General (DSRSG), DDR practitioners can provide advice on how to engage with armed forces and groups on DDR issues and contribute to the attainment of agreements. In non-mission settings, the UN peace and development advisors (PDAs) deployed to the office of the UN Resident Coordinator (RC) play a key role in advising the RC and the government on how to engage and address armed groups. DDR practitioners assigned to UN mediation support teams may also draft DDR provisions of ceasefires, local peace agreements and CPAs, and make proposals on the design and implementation of DDR processes.In addition to the various parties to the conflict, the UN should also support the participation of civil society in peace negotiations, in particular women, youth and others traditionally excluded from peace talks. Women\u2019s participation (in mediation and negotiations) can expand the range of domestic constituencies engaged in a peace process, strengthening its legitimacy and credibility. Women\u2019s perspectives also bring a different understanding of the causes and consequences of conflict, generating more comprehensive and potentially targeted proposals for its resolution.Mediators and DDR practitioners should recognize the sensitivities around lan- guage and be flexible and contextual with the terms that are used. The term \u2018reinte- gration\u2019 may be perceived as inappropriate, particularly if members of armed groups never left their communities. Terms such as \u2018rehabilitation\u2019 or \u2018reincorporation\u2019 may be considered instead. Similarly, the term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can include connotations of surrender or of having weapons taken away by a more powerful actor, and its use can prevent warring parties from moving forward with the negotiations (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). DDR practitioners and mediators can consider the use of more neutral terms, such as \u2018laying aside of weapons\u2019 or \u2018transitional weapons and ammu- nition management\u2019. The use of transitional WAM activities and terminology may also set the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in a peace agreement while guarantees around security, justice and integration into the security sector are lacking (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Medi- ators and other actors supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge or have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appro- priate and evidence-based DDR WAM provisions.Within a CPA, the detail of large parts of the final security arrangements, including strategy and programme documents and budgets, is often left until later. However, CPAs should typically establish the principle that DDR will take place and outline the structures responsible for implementation.If contextual analysis reveals that both local and national conflict dynamics are at play (see section 5.1.4) DDR practitioners can support a multilevel approach to mediation. This approach should not be reactive and ad hoc, but part of a well-articulated strategy explicitly connecting the local to the national.Problems may arise if those engaged in negotiations are not well informed about DDR and commit to an unsuitable or unrealistic process. This usually occurs when DDR expertise is not available in negotiations or the organizations that might support a DDR process are not consulted by the mediators or facilitators of a peace process. It is therefore important to ensure that DDR experts are available to advise on peace agree- ments that include provisions for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":316, "Sentence":"This approach should not be reactive and ad hoc, but part of a well-articulated strategy explicitly connecting the local to the national.Problems may arise if those engaged in negotiations are not well informed about DDR and commit to an unsuitable or unrealistic process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR approach reactive ad hoc part wellarticulated strategy explicitly connecting local national.problems may arise engaged negotiation well informed ddr commit unsuitable unrealistic process ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As members of mediation support teams or mission staff in an advisory role to the Special Representative to the Secretary-General (SRSG) or the Deputy Special Repre- sentative to the Secretary-General (DSRSG), DDR practitioners can provide advice on how to engage with armed forces and groups on DDR issues and contribute to the attainment of agreements. In non-mission settings, the UN peace and development advisors (PDAs) deployed to the office of the UN Resident Coordinator (RC) play a key role in advising the RC and the government on how to engage and address armed groups. DDR practitioners assigned to UN mediation support teams may also draft DDR provisions of ceasefires, local peace agreements and CPAs, and make proposals on the design and implementation of DDR processes.In addition to the various parties to the conflict, the UN should also support the participation of civil society in peace negotiations, in particular women, youth and others traditionally excluded from peace talks. Women\u2019s participation (in mediation and negotiations) can expand the range of domestic constituencies engaged in a peace process, strengthening its legitimacy and credibility. Women\u2019s perspectives also bring a different understanding of the causes and consequences of conflict, generating more comprehensive and potentially targeted proposals for its resolution.Mediators and DDR practitioners should recognize the sensitivities around lan- guage and be flexible and contextual with the terms that are used. The term \u2018reinte- gration\u2019 may be perceived as inappropriate, particularly if members of armed groups never left their communities. Terms such as \u2018rehabilitation\u2019 or \u2018reincorporation\u2019 may be considered instead. Similarly, the term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can include connotations of surrender or of having weapons taken away by a more powerful actor, and its use can prevent warring parties from moving forward with the negotiations (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). DDR practitioners and mediators can consider the use of more neutral terms, such as \u2018laying aside of weapons\u2019 or \u2018transitional weapons and ammu- nition management\u2019. The use of transitional WAM activities and terminology may also set the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in a peace agreement while guarantees around security, justice and integration into the security sector are lacking (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Medi- ators and other actors supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge or have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appro- priate and evidence-based DDR WAM provisions.Within a CPA, the detail of large parts of the final security arrangements, including strategy and programme documents and budgets, is often left until later. However, CPAs should typically establish the principle that DDR will take place and outline the structures responsible for implementation.If contextual analysis reveals that both local and national conflict dynamics are at play (see section 5.1.4) DDR practitioners can support a multilevel approach to mediation. This approach should not be reactive and ad hoc, but part of a well-articulated strategy explicitly connecting the local to the national.Problems may arise if those engaged in negotiations are not well informed about DDR and commit to an unsuitable or unrealistic process. This usually occurs when DDR expertise is not available in negotiations or the organizations that might support a DDR process are not consulted by the mediators or facilitators of a peace process. It is therefore important to ensure that DDR experts are available to advise on peace agree- ments that include provisions for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":316, "Sentence":"This usually occurs when DDR expertise is not available in negotiations or the organizations that might support a DDR process are not consulted by the mediators or facilitators of a peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR usually occurs ddr expertise available negotiation organization might support ddr process consulted mediator facilitator peace process ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As members of mediation support teams or mission staff in an advisory role to the Special Representative to the Secretary-General (SRSG) or the Deputy Special Repre- sentative to the Secretary-General (DSRSG), DDR practitioners can provide advice on how to engage with armed forces and groups on DDR issues and contribute to the attainment of agreements. In non-mission settings, the UN peace and development advisors (PDAs) deployed to the office of the UN Resident Coordinator (RC) play a key role in advising the RC and the government on how to engage and address armed groups. DDR practitioners assigned to UN mediation support teams may also draft DDR provisions of ceasefires, local peace agreements and CPAs, and make proposals on the design and implementation of DDR processes.In addition to the various parties to the conflict, the UN should also support the participation of civil society in peace negotiations, in particular women, youth and others traditionally excluded from peace talks. Women\u2019s participation (in mediation and negotiations) can expand the range of domestic constituencies engaged in a peace process, strengthening its legitimacy and credibility. Women\u2019s perspectives also bring a different understanding of the causes and consequences of conflict, generating more comprehensive and potentially targeted proposals for its resolution.Mediators and DDR practitioners should recognize the sensitivities around lan- guage and be flexible and contextual with the terms that are used. The term \u2018reinte- gration\u2019 may be perceived as inappropriate, particularly if members of armed groups never left their communities. Terms such as \u2018rehabilitation\u2019 or \u2018reincorporation\u2019 may be considered instead. Similarly, the term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can include connotations of surrender or of having weapons taken away by a more powerful actor, and its use can prevent warring parties from moving forward with the negotiations (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). DDR practitioners and mediators can consider the use of more neutral terms, such as \u2018laying aside of weapons\u2019 or \u2018transitional weapons and ammu- nition management\u2019. The use of transitional WAM activities and terminology may also set the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in a peace agreement while guarantees around security, justice and integration into the security sector are lacking (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Medi- ators and other actors supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge or have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appro- priate and evidence-based DDR WAM provisions.Within a CPA, the detail of large parts of the final security arrangements, including strategy and programme documents and budgets, is often left until later. However, CPAs should typically establish the principle that DDR will take place and outline the structures responsible for implementation.If contextual analysis reveals that both local and national conflict dynamics are at play (see section 5.1.4) DDR practitioners can support a multilevel approach to mediation. This approach should not be reactive and ad hoc, but part of a well-articulated strategy explicitly connecting the local to the national.Problems may arise if those engaged in negotiations are not well informed about DDR and commit to an unsuitable or unrealistic process. This usually occurs when DDR expertise is not available in negotiations or the organizations that might support a DDR process are not consulted by the mediators or facilitators of a peace process. It is therefore important to ensure that DDR experts are available to advise on peace agree- ments that include provisions for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":316, "Sentence":"It is therefore important to ensure that DDR experts are available to advise on peace agree- ments that include provisions for DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR therefore important ensure ddr expert available advise peace agree ments include provision ddr ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Peace mediation and gender", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including, inter alia: \\na.The special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction; \\nb.Measures that support local women\u2019s peace initiatives and indigenous pro- cesses for conflict resolution, and that involve women in all of the implementa- tion mechanisms of the peace agreements; \\nc.Measures that ensure the protection of and respect for human rights of women and girls, particularly as they relate to the constitution, the electoral system, the police and the judiciary.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":317, "Sentence":"Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including, inter alia: \\na.The special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction; \\nb.Measures that support local women\u2019s peace initiatives and indigenous pro- cesses for conflict resolution, and that involve women in all of the implementa- tion mechanisms of the peace agreements; \\nc.Measures that ensure the protection of and respect for human rights of women and girls, particularly as they relate to the constitution, the electoral system, the police and the judiciary.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR security council resolution 1325 2000 call actor involved negotiating implementing peace agreement adopt gender perspective including inter alia na.the special need woman girl repatriation resettlement rehabilitation reintegration postconflict reconstruction nb.measures support local woman \u2019 peace initiative indigenous pro ce conflict resolution involve woman implementa tion mechanism peace agreement nc.measures ensure protection respect human right woman girl particularly relate constitution electoral system police judiciary ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.4 DDR support to confidence-building measures .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"DDR processes often contend with a lack of trust between the signatories to peace agreements. Previous experience with DDR programmes indicates two common delay tactics: the inflation of numbers of fighters to increase a party\u2019s importance and weight in the peace negotiations, and the withholding of combatants and arms until there is greater trust in the peace process. Some peace agreements have linked progress in DDR to progress in the political track so as to overcome fears that, once disarmed, the movement will lose influence and its political claims may not be fully met.Confidence-building measures (CBMs) are often used to reduce or eliminate the causes of mistrust and tensions during negotiations or to reinforce confidence where it already exists. Certain DDR activities and related tools can also be considered CBMs and could be instituted in support of peace negotiations. For example, CVR programmes can also be used as a means to de-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and to build confidence before the signature of a CPA and the launch of a DDR programme (see also IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Furthermore, pre-DDR may be used to try to reduce tensions on the ground while negotiations are ongoing.Pre-DDR and CVR can provide combatants with alternatives to waging war at a time when negotiating parties may be cut off or prohibited from accessing their usual funding sources (e.g., if a preliminary agreement forbids their participation in resource exploitation, taxation or other income-generating activities). However, in the absence of a CPA, prolonged CVR and pre-DDR can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations. Such processes should therefore be approached with caution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":318, "Sentence":"DDR processes often contend with a lack of trust between the signatories to peace agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddr process often contend lack trust signatory peace agreement ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.4 DDR support to confidence-building measures .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"DDR processes often contend with a lack of trust between the signatories to peace agreements. Previous experience with DDR programmes indicates two common delay tactics: the inflation of numbers of fighters to increase a party\u2019s importance and weight in the peace negotiations, and the withholding of combatants and arms until there is greater trust in the peace process. Some peace agreements have linked progress in DDR to progress in the political track so as to overcome fears that, once disarmed, the movement will lose influence and its political claims may not be fully met.Confidence-building measures (CBMs) are often used to reduce or eliminate the causes of mistrust and tensions during negotiations or to reinforce confidence where it already exists. Certain DDR activities and related tools can also be considered CBMs and could be instituted in support of peace negotiations. For example, CVR programmes can also be used as a means to de-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and to build confidence before the signature of a CPA and the launch of a DDR programme (see also IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Furthermore, pre-DDR may be used to try to reduce tensions on the ground while negotiations are ongoing.Pre-DDR and CVR can provide combatants with alternatives to waging war at a time when negotiating parties may be cut off or prohibited from accessing their usual funding sources (e.g., if a preliminary agreement forbids their participation in resource exploitation, taxation or other income-generating activities). However, in the absence of a CPA, prolonged CVR and pre-DDR can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations. Such processes should therefore be approached with caution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":318, "Sentence":"Previous experience with DDR programmes indicates two common delay tactics: the inflation of numbers of fighters to increase a party\u2019s importance and weight in the peace negotiations, and the withholding of combatants and arms until there is greater trust in the peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR previous experience ddr programme indicates two common delay tactic inflation number fighter increase party \u2019 importance weight peace negotiation withholding combatant arm greater trust peace process ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.4 DDR support to confidence-building measures .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"DDR processes often contend with a lack of trust between the signatories to peace agreements. Previous experience with DDR programmes indicates two common delay tactics: the inflation of numbers of fighters to increase a party\u2019s importance and weight in the peace negotiations, and the withholding of combatants and arms until there is greater trust in the peace process. Some peace agreements have linked progress in DDR to progress in the political track so as to overcome fears that, once disarmed, the movement will lose influence and its political claims may not be fully met.Confidence-building measures (CBMs) are often used to reduce or eliminate the causes of mistrust and tensions during negotiations or to reinforce confidence where it already exists. Certain DDR activities and related tools can also be considered CBMs and could be instituted in support of peace negotiations. For example, CVR programmes can also be used as a means to de-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and to build confidence before the signature of a CPA and the launch of a DDR programme (see also IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Furthermore, pre-DDR may be used to try to reduce tensions on the ground while negotiations are ongoing.Pre-DDR and CVR can provide combatants with alternatives to waging war at a time when negotiating parties may be cut off or prohibited from accessing their usual funding sources (e.g., if a preliminary agreement forbids their participation in resource exploitation, taxation or other income-generating activities). However, in the absence of a CPA, prolonged CVR and pre-DDR can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations. Such processes should therefore be approached with caution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":318, "Sentence":"Some peace agreements have linked progress in DDR to progress in the political track so as to overcome fears that, once disarmed, the movement will lose influence and its political claims may not be fully met.Confidence-building measures (CBMs) are often used to reduce or eliminate the causes of mistrust and tensions during negotiations or to reinforce confidence where it already exists.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR peace agreement linked progress ddr progress political track overcome fear disarmed movement lose influence political claim may fully met.confidencebuilding measure cbms often used reduce eliminate cause mistrust tension negotiation reinforce confidence already exists ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.4 DDR support to confidence-building measures .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"DDR processes often contend with a lack of trust between the signatories to peace agreements. Previous experience with DDR programmes indicates two common delay tactics: the inflation of numbers of fighters to increase a party\u2019s importance and weight in the peace negotiations, and the withholding of combatants and arms until there is greater trust in the peace process. Some peace agreements have linked progress in DDR to progress in the political track so as to overcome fears that, once disarmed, the movement will lose influence and its political claims may not be fully met.Confidence-building measures (CBMs) are often used to reduce or eliminate the causes of mistrust and tensions during negotiations or to reinforce confidence where it already exists. Certain DDR activities and related tools can also be considered CBMs and could be instituted in support of peace negotiations. For example, CVR programmes can also be used as a means to de-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and to build confidence before the signature of a CPA and the launch of a DDR programme (see also IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Furthermore, pre-DDR may be used to try to reduce tensions on the ground while negotiations are ongoing.Pre-DDR and CVR can provide combatants with alternatives to waging war at a time when negotiating parties may be cut off or prohibited from accessing their usual funding sources (e.g., if a preliminary agreement forbids their participation in resource exploitation, taxation or other income-generating activities). However, in the absence of a CPA, prolonged CVR and pre-DDR can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations. Such processes should therefore be approached with caution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":318, "Sentence":"Certain DDR activities and related tools can also be considered CBMs and could be instituted in support of peace negotiations.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR certain ddr activity related tool also considered cbms could instituted support peace negotiation ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.4 DDR support to confidence-building measures .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"DDR processes often contend with a lack of trust between the signatories to peace agreements. Previous experience with DDR programmes indicates two common delay tactics: the inflation of numbers of fighters to increase a party\u2019s importance and weight in the peace negotiations, and the withholding of combatants and arms until there is greater trust in the peace process. Some peace agreements have linked progress in DDR to progress in the political track so as to overcome fears that, once disarmed, the movement will lose influence and its political claims may not be fully met.Confidence-building measures (CBMs) are often used to reduce or eliminate the causes of mistrust and tensions during negotiations or to reinforce confidence where it already exists. Certain DDR activities and related tools can also be considered CBMs and could be instituted in support of peace negotiations. For example, CVR programmes can also be used as a means to de-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and to build confidence before the signature of a CPA and the launch of a DDR programme (see also IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Furthermore, pre-DDR may be used to try to reduce tensions on the ground while negotiations are ongoing.Pre-DDR and CVR can provide combatants with alternatives to waging war at a time when negotiating parties may be cut off or prohibited from accessing their usual funding sources (e.g., if a preliminary agreement forbids their participation in resource exploitation, taxation or other income-generating activities). However, in the absence of a CPA, prolonged CVR and pre-DDR can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations. Such processes should therefore be approached with caution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":318, "Sentence":"For example, CVR programmes can also be used as a means to de-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and to build confidence before the signature of a CPA and the launch of a DDR programme (see also IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR example cvr programme also used mean deescalate violence preliminary ceasefire build confidence signature cpa launch ddr programme see also iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.4 DDR support to confidence-building measures .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"DDR processes often contend with a lack of trust between the signatories to peace agreements. Previous experience with DDR programmes indicates two common delay tactics: the inflation of numbers of fighters to increase a party\u2019s importance and weight in the peace negotiations, and the withholding of combatants and arms until there is greater trust in the peace process. Some peace agreements have linked progress in DDR to progress in the political track so as to overcome fears that, once disarmed, the movement will lose influence and its political claims may not be fully met.Confidence-building measures (CBMs) are often used to reduce or eliminate the causes of mistrust and tensions during negotiations or to reinforce confidence where it already exists. Certain DDR activities and related tools can also be considered CBMs and could be instituted in support of peace negotiations. For example, CVR programmes can also be used as a means to de-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and to build confidence before the signature of a CPA and the launch of a DDR programme (see also IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Furthermore, pre-DDR may be used to try to reduce tensions on the ground while negotiations are ongoing.Pre-DDR and CVR can provide combatants with alternatives to waging war at a time when negotiating parties may be cut off or prohibited from accessing their usual funding sources (e.g., if a preliminary agreement forbids their participation in resource exploitation, taxation or other income-generating activities). However, in the absence of a CPA, prolonged CVR and pre-DDR can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations. Such processes should therefore be approached with caution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":318, "Sentence":"Furthermore, pre-DDR may be used to try to reduce tensions on the ground while negotiations are ongoing.Pre-DDR and CVR can provide combatants with alternatives to waging war at a time when negotiating parties may be cut off or prohibited from accessing their usual funding sources (e.g., if a preliminary agreement forbids their participation in resource exploitation, taxation or other income-generating activities).", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR furthermore preddr may used try reduce tension ground negotiation ongoing.preddr cvr provide combatant alternative waging war time negotiating party may cut prohibited accessing usual funding source e.g . preliminary agreement forbids participation resource exploitation taxation incomegenerating activity ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.4 DDR support to confidence-building measures .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"DDR processes often contend with a lack of trust between the signatories to peace agreements. Previous experience with DDR programmes indicates two common delay tactics: the inflation of numbers of fighters to increase a party\u2019s importance and weight in the peace negotiations, and the withholding of combatants and arms until there is greater trust in the peace process. Some peace agreements have linked progress in DDR to progress in the political track so as to overcome fears that, once disarmed, the movement will lose influence and its political claims may not be fully met.Confidence-building measures (CBMs) are often used to reduce or eliminate the causes of mistrust and tensions during negotiations or to reinforce confidence where it already exists. Certain DDR activities and related tools can also be considered CBMs and could be instituted in support of peace negotiations. For example, CVR programmes can also be used as a means to de-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and to build confidence before the signature of a CPA and the launch of a DDR programme (see also IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Furthermore, pre-DDR may be used to try to reduce tensions on the ground while negotiations are ongoing.Pre-DDR and CVR can provide combatants with alternatives to waging war at a time when negotiating parties may be cut off or prohibited from accessing their usual funding sources (e.g., if a preliminary agreement forbids their participation in resource exploitation, taxation or other income-generating activities). However, in the absence of a CPA, prolonged CVR and pre-DDR can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations. Such processes should therefore be approached with caution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":318, "Sentence":"However, in the absence of a CPA, prolonged CVR and pre-DDR can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR however absence cpa prolonged cvr preddr also become support mechanism armed group rather incentive finalize peace negotiation ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.4 DDR support to confidence-building measures .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"DDR processes often contend with a lack of trust between the signatories to peace agreements. Previous experience with DDR programmes indicates two common delay tactics: the inflation of numbers of fighters to increase a party\u2019s importance and weight in the peace negotiations, and the withholding of combatants and arms until there is greater trust in the peace process. Some peace agreements have linked progress in DDR to progress in the political track so as to overcome fears that, once disarmed, the movement will lose influence and its political claims may not be fully met.Confidence-building measures (CBMs) are often used to reduce or eliminate the causes of mistrust and tensions during negotiations or to reinforce confidence where it already exists. Certain DDR activities and related tools can also be considered CBMs and could be instituted in support of peace negotiations. For example, CVR programmes can also be used as a means to de-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and to build confidence before the signature of a CPA and the launch of a DDR programme (see also IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Furthermore, pre-DDR may be used to try to reduce tensions on the ground while negotiations are ongoing.Pre-DDR and CVR can provide combatants with alternatives to waging war at a time when negotiating parties may be cut off or prohibited from accessing their usual funding sources (e.g., if a preliminary agreement forbids their participation in resource exploitation, taxation or other income-generating activities). However, in the absence of a CPA, prolonged CVR and pre-DDR can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations. Such processes should therefore be approached with caution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":318, "Sentence":"Such processes should therefore be approached with caution.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR process therefore approached caution ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Most CPAs include provisions for transitional (or \u2018interim\u2019) and final security arrange- ments. Transitional security arrangements are typically put in place to support DDR programmes by establishing security structures, often jointly or with a third party such as a UN peace operation, that can provide security before the final post-conflict security structures are established. In situations where UN peace operations are un- likely to be established following the signature of a CPA, joint security mechanisms may be put in place as part of transitional and final security arrangements with or without different forms of international verification. Alternatively, a separate mech- anism driven either by regional economic communities or bilateral players agreed to by the warring parties may be deployed. DDR programmes are usually part of the final security arrangements that establish, among other things, what will happen to the fighting forces post-conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":319, "Sentence":"Most CPAs include provisions for transitional (or \u2018interim\u2019) and final security arrange- ments.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR cpa include provision transitional \u2018 interim \u2019 final security arrange ments ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Most CPAs include provisions for transitional (or \u2018interim\u2019) and final security arrange- ments. Transitional security arrangements are typically put in place to support DDR programmes by establishing security structures, often jointly or with a third party such as a UN peace operation, that can provide security before the final post-conflict security structures are established. In situations where UN peace operations are un- likely to be established following the signature of a CPA, joint security mechanisms may be put in place as part of transitional and final security arrangements with or without different forms of international verification. Alternatively, a separate mech- anism driven either by regional economic communities or bilateral players agreed to by the warring parties may be deployed. DDR programmes are usually part of the final security arrangements that establish, among other things, what will happen to the fighting forces post-conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":319, "Sentence":"Transitional security arrangements are typically put in place to support DDR programmes by establishing security structures, often jointly or with a third party such as a UN peace operation, that can provide security before the final post-conflict security structures are established.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR transitional security arrangement typically put place support ddr programme establishing security structure often jointly third party un peace operation provide security final postconflict security structure established ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Most CPAs include provisions for transitional (or \u2018interim\u2019) and final security arrange- ments. Transitional security arrangements are typically put in place to support DDR programmes by establishing security structures, often jointly or with a third party such as a UN peace operation, that can provide security before the final post-conflict security structures are established. In situations where UN peace operations are un- likely to be established following the signature of a CPA, joint security mechanisms may be put in place as part of transitional and final security arrangements with or without different forms of international verification. Alternatively, a separate mech- anism driven either by regional economic communities or bilateral players agreed to by the warring parties may be deployed. DDR programmes are usually part of the final security arrangements that establish, among other things, what will happen to the fighting forces post-conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":319, "Sentence":"In situations where UN peace operations are un- likely to be established following the signature of a CPA, joint security mechanisms may be put in place as part of transitional and final security arrangements with or without different forms of international verification.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR situation un peace operation un likely established following signature cpa joint security mechanism may put place part transitional final security arrangement without different form international verification ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Most CPAs include provisions for transitional (or \u2018interim\u2019) and final security arrange- ments. Transitional security arrangements are typically put in place to support DDR programmes by establishing security structures, often jointly or with a third party such as a UN peace operation, that can provide security before the final post-conflict security structures are established. In situations where UN peace operations are un- likely to be established following the signature of a CPA, joint security mechanisms may be put in place as part of transitional and final security arrangements with or without different forms of international verification. Alternatively, a separate mech- anism driven either by regional economic communities or bilateral players agreed to by the warring parties may be deployed. DDR programmes are usually part of the final security arrangements that establish, among other things, what will happen to the fighting forces post-conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":319, "Sentence":"Alternatively, a separate mech- anism driven either by regional economic communities or bilateral players agreed to by the warring parties may be deployed.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR alternatively separate mech anism driven either regional economic community bilateral player agreed warring party may deployed ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Most CPAs include provisions for transitional (or \u2018interim\u2019) and final security arrange- ments. Transitional security arrangements are typically put in place to support DDR programmes by establishing security structures, often jointly or with a third party such as a UN peace operation, that can provide security before the final post-conflict security structures are established. In situations where UN peace operations are un- likely to be established following the signature of a CPA, joint security mechanisms may be put in place as part of transitional and final security arrangements with or without different forms of international verification. Alternatively, a separate mech- anism driven either by regional economic communities or bilateral players agreed to by the warring parties may be deployed. DDR programmes are usually part of the final security arrangements that establish, among other things, what will happen to the fighting forces post-conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":319, "Sentence":"DDR programmes are usually part of the final security arrangements that establish, among other things, what will happen to the fighting forces post-conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddr programme usually part final security arrangement establish among thing happen fighting force postconflict ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"7.5.1 Transitional security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Transitional security arrangements vary in scope depending on the context, levels of trust and what might be acceptable to the parties. Options that might be considered include: \\n Acceptable third-party actor(s) who are able to secure the process. \\n Joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammu- nition Management). \\n Local security actors such as community police who are acceptable to the commu- nities and to the actors, as they are considered neutral and not a force brought in from outside. \\n Deployment of national police. Depending on the situation, this may have to occur with prior consent for any operations within a zone or be done alongside a third-party actor.Transitional security structures may require the parties to act as a security pro- vider during a period of political transition. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend them- selves. This transitional period also allows for progress in parallel political, economic or social tracks. There is, however, often a push to proceed as quickly as possible to the final security arrangements and a normalization of the security scene. Consequently, DDR may take place during the transition phase so that when this comes to an end the armed groups have been demobilized. This may mean that DDR proceeds in advance of other parts of the peace process, despite its success being tied to progress in these other areas.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":320, "Sentence":"Transitional security arrangements vary in scope depending on the context, levels of trust and what might be acceptable to the parties.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR transitional security arrangement vary scope depending context level trust might acceptable party ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"7.5.1 Transitional security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Transitional security arrangements vary in scope depending on the context, levels of trust and what might be acceptable to the parties. Options that might be considered include: \\n Acceptable third-party actor(s) who are able to secure the process. \\n Joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammu- nition Management). \\n Local security actors such as community police who are acceptable to the commu- nities and to the actors, as they are considered neutral and not a force brought in from outside. \\n Deployment of national police. Depending on the situation, this may have to occur with prior consent for any operations within a zone or be done alongside a third-party actor.Transitional security structures may require the parties to act as a security pro- vider during a period of political transition. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend them- selves. This transitional period also allows for progress in parallel political, economic or social tracks. There is, however, often a push to proceed as quickly as possible to the final security arrangements and a normalization of the security scene. Consequently, DDR may take place during the transition phase so that when this comes to an end the armed groups have been demobilized. This may mean that DDR proceeds in advance of other parts of the peace process, despite its success being tied to progress in these other areas.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":320, "Sentence":"Options that might be considered include: \\n Acceptable third-party actor(s) who are able to secure the process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR option might considered include n acceptable thirdparty actor able secure process ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"7.5.1 Transitional security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Transitional security arrangements vary in scope depending on the context, levels of trust and what might be acceptable to the parties. Options that might be considered include: \\n Acceptable third-party actor(s) who are able to secure the process. \\n Joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammu- nition Management). \\n Local security actors such as community police who are acceptable to the commu- nities and to the actors, as they are considered neutral and not a force brought in from outside. \\n Deployment of national police. Depending on the situation, this may have to occur with prior consent for any operations within a zone or be done alongside a third-party actor.Transitional security structures may require the parties to act as a security pro- vider during a period of political transition. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend them- selves. This transitional period also allows for progress in parallel political, economic or social tracks. There is, however, often a push to proceed as quickly as possible to the final security arrangements and a normalization of the security scene. Consequently, DDR may take place during the transition phase so that when this comes to an end the armed groups have been demobilized. This may mean that DDR proceeds in advance of other parts of the peace process, despite its success being tied to progress in these other areas.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":320, "Sentence":"\\n Joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammu- nition Management).", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR n joint unit patrol operation involving party conflict often alongside thirdparty presence see also iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammu nition management ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"7.5.1 Transitional security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Transitional security arrangements vary in scope depending on the context, levels of trust and what might be acceptable to the parties. Options that might be considered include: \\n Acceptable third-party actor(s) who are able to secure the process. \\n Joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammu- nition Management). \\n Local security actors such as community police who are acceptable to the commu- nities and to the actors, as they are considered neutral and not a force brought in from outside. \\n Deployment of national police. Depending on the situation, this may have to occur with prior consent for any operations within a zone or be done alongside a third-party actor.Transitional security structures may require the parties to act as a security pro- vider during a period of political transition. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend them- selves. This transitional period also allows for progress in parallel political, economic or social tracks. There is, however, often a push to proceed as quickly as possible to the final security arrangements and a normalization of the security scene. Consequently, DDR may take place during the transition phase so that when this comes to an end the armed groups have been demobilized. This may mean that DDR proceeds in advance of other parts of the peace process, despite its success being tied to progress in these other areas.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":320, "Sentence":"\\n Local security actors such as community police who are acceptable to the commu- nities and to the actors, as they are considered neutral and not a force brought in from outside.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR n local security actor community police acceptable commu nities actor considered neutral force brought outside ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"7.5.1 Transitional security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Transitional security arrangements vary in scope depending on the context, levels of trust and what might be acceptable to the parties. Options that might be considered include: \\n Acceptable third-party actor(s) who are able to secure the process. \\n Joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammu- nition Management). \\n Local security actors such as community police who are acceptable to the commu- nities and to the actors, as they are considered neutral and not a force brought in from outside. \\n Deployment of national police. Depending on the situation, this may have to occur with prior consent for any operations within a zone or be done alongside a third-party actor.Transitional security structures may require the parties to act as a security pro- vider during a period of political transition. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend them- selves. This transitional period also allows for progress in parallel political, economic or social tracks. There is, however, often a push to proceed as quickly as possible to the final security arrangements and a normalization of the security scene. Consequently, DDR may take place during the transition phase so that when this comes to an end the armed groups have been demobilized. This may mean that DDR proceeds in advance of other parts of the peace process, despite its success being tied to progress in these other areas.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":320, "Sentence":"\\n Deployment of national police.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR n deployment national police ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"7.5.1 Transitional security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Transitional security arrangements vary in scope depending on the context, levels of trust and what might be acceptable to the parties. Options that might be considered include: \\n Acceptable third-party actor(s) who are able to secure the process. \\n Joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammu- nition Management). \\n Local security actors such as community police who are acceptable to the commu- nities and to the actors, as they are considered neutral and not a force brought in from outside. \\n Deployment of national police. Depending on the situation, this may have to occur with prior consent for any operations within a zone or be done alongside a third-party actor.Transitional security structures may require the parties to act as a security pro- vider during a period of political transition. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend them- selves. This transitional period also allows for progress in parallel political, economic or social tracks. There is, however, often a push to proceed as quickly as possible to the final security arrangements and a normalization of the security scene. Consequently, DDR may take place during the transition phase so that when this comes to an end the armed groups have been demobilized. This may mean that DDR proceeds in advance of other parts of the peace process, despite its success being tied to progress in these other areas.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":320, "Sentence":"Depending on the situation, this may have to occur with prior consent for any operations within a zone or be done alongside a third-party actor.Transitional security structures may require the parties to act as a security pro- vider during a period of political transition.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR depending situation may occur prior consent operation within zone done alongside thirdparty actor.transitional security structure may require party act security pro vider period political transition ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"7.5.1 Transitional security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Transitional security arrangements vary in scope depending on the context, levels of trust and what might be acceptable to the parties. Options that might be considered include: \\n Acceptable third-party actor(s) who are able to secure the process. \\n Joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammu- nition Management). \\n Local security actors such as community police who are acceptable to the commu- nities and to the actors, as they are considered neutral and not a force brought in from outside. \\n Deployment of national police. Depending on the situation, this may have to occur with prior consent for any operations within a zone or be done alongside a third-party actor.Transitional security structures may require the parties to act as a security pro- vider during a period of political transition. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend them- selves. This transitional period also allows for progress in parallel political, economic or social tracks. There is, however, often a push to proceed as quickly as possible to the final security arrangements and a normalization of the security scene. Consequently, DDR may take place during the transition phase so that when this comes to an end the armed groups have been demobilized. This may mean that DDR proceeds in advance of other parts of the peace process, despite its success being tied to progress in these other areas.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":320, "Sentence":"This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR may happen prior alongside ddr programme ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"7.5.1 Transitional security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Transitional security arrangements vary in scope depending on the context, levels of trust and what might be acceptable to the parties. Options that might be considered include: \\n Acceptable third-party actor(s) who are able to secure the process. \\n Joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammu- nition Management). \\n Local security actors such as community police who are acceptable to the commu- nities and to the actors, as they are considered neutral and not a force brought in from outside. \\n Deployment of national police. Depending on the situation, this may have to occur with prior consent for any operations within a zone or be done alongside a third-party actor.Transitional security structures may require the parties to act as a security pro- vider during a period of political transition. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend them- selves. This transitional period also allows for progress in parallel political, economic or social tracks. There is, however, often a push to proceed as quickly as possible to the final security arrangements and a normalization of the security scene. Consequently, DDR may take place during the transition phase so that when this comes to an end the armed groups have been demobilized. This may mean that DDR proceeds in advance of other parts of the peace process, despite its success being tied to progress in these other areas.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":320, "Sentence":"This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend them- selves.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR transition phase vital building confidence time warring party may losing military capacity ability defend self ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"7.5.1 Transitional security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Transitional security arrangements vary in scope depending on the context, levels of trust and what might be acceptable to the parties. Options that might be considered include: \\n Acceptable third-party actor(s) who are able to secure the process. \\n Joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammu- nition Management). \\n Local security actors such as community police who are acceptable to the commu- nities and to the actors, as they are considered neutral and not a force brought in from outside. \\n Deployment of national police. Depending on the situation, this may have to occur with prior consent for any operations within a zone or be done alongside a third-party actor.Transitional security structures may require the parties to act as a security pro- vider during a period of political transition. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend them- selves. This transitional period also allows for progress in parallel political, economic or social tracks. There is, however, often a push to proceed as quickly as possible to the final security arrangements and a normalization of the security scene. Consequently, DDR may take place during the transition phase so that when this comes to an end the armed groups have been demobilized. This may mean that DDR proceeds in advance of other parts of the peace process, despite its success being tied to progress in these other areas.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":320, "Sentence":"This transitional period also allows for progress in parallel political, economic or social tracks.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR transitional period also allows progress parallel political economic social track ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"7.5.1 Transitional security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Transitional security arrangements vary in scope depending on the context, levels of trust and what might be acceptable to the parties. Options that might be considered include: \\n Acceptable third-party actor(s) who are able to secure the process. \\n Joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammu- nition Management). \\n Local security actors such as community police who are acceptable to the commu- nities and to the actors, as they are considered neutral and not a force brought in from outside. \\n Deployment of national police. Depending on the situation, this may have to occur with prior consent for any operations within a zone or be done alongside a third-party actor.Transitional security structures may require the parties to act as a security pro- vider during a period of political transition. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend them- selves. This transitional period also allows for progress in parallel political, economic or social tracks. There is, however, often a push to proceed as quickly as possible to the final security arrangements and a normalization of the security scene. Consequently, DDR may take place during the transition phase so that when this comes to an end the armed groups have been demobilized. This may mean that DDR proceeds in advance of other parts of the peace process, despite its success being tied to progress in these other areas.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":320, "Sentence":"There is, however, often a push to proceed as quickly as possible to the final security arrangements and a normalization of the security scene.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR however often push proceed quickly possible final security arrangement normalization security scene ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"7.5.1 Transitional security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Transitional security arrangements vary in scope depending on the context, levels of trust and what might be acceptable to the parties. Options that might be considered include: \\n Acceptable third-party actor(s) who are able to secure the process. \\n Joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammu- nition Management). \\n Local security actors such as community police who are acceptable to the commu- nities and to the actors, as they are considered neutral and not a force brought in from outside. \\n Deployment of national police. Depending on the situation, this may have to occur with prior consent for any operations within a zone or be done alongside a third-party actor.Transitional security structures may require the parties to act as a security pro- vider during a period of political transition. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend them- selves. This transitional period also allows for progress in parallel political, economic or social tracks. There is, however, often a push to proceed as quickly as possible to the final security arrangements and a normalization of the security scene. Consequently, DDR may take place during the transition phase so that when this comes to an end the armed groups have been demobilized. This may mean that DDR proceeds in advance of other parts of the peace process, despite its success being tied to progress in these other areas.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":320, "Sentence":"Consequently, DDR may take place during the transition phase so that when this comes to an end the armed groups have been demobilized.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR consequently ddr may take place transition phase come end armed group demobilized ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"7.5.1 Transitional security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Transitional security arrangements vary in scope depending on the context, levels of trust and what might be acceptable to the parties. Options that might be considered include: \\n Acceptable third-party actor(s) who are able to secure the process. \\n Joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammu- nition Management). \\n Local security actors such as community police who are acceptable to the commu- nities and to the actors, as they are considered neutral and not a force brought in from outside. \\n Deployment of national police. Depending on the situation, this may have to occur with prior consent for any operations within a zone or be done alongside a third-party actor.Transitional security structures may require the parties to act as a security pro- vider during a period of political transition. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend them- selves. This transitional period also allows for progress in parallel political, economic or social tracks. There is, however, often a push to proceed as quickly as possible to the final security arrangements and a normalization of the security scene. Consequently, DDR may take place during the transition phase so that when this comes to an end the armed groups have been demobilized. This may mean that DDR proceeds in advance of other parts of the peace process, despite its success being tied to progress in these other areas.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":320, "Sentence":"This may mean that DDR proceeds in advance of other parts of the peace process, despite its success being tied to progress in these other areas.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR may mean ddr proceeds advance part peace process despite success tied progress area ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"7.5.2 Final security arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes are usually considered to be part of the CPA\u2019s provisions on final security arrangements. These seek to address the final status of signatories to the CPA through DDR, SSR, restructuring of security governance institutions and other related reforms.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":321, "Sentence":"DDR programmes are usually considered to be part of the CPA\u2019s provisions on final security arrangements.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddr programme usually considered part cpa \u2019 provision final security arrangement ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"7.5.2 Final security arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes are usually considered to be part of the CPA\u2019s provisions on final security arrangements. These seek to address the final status of signatories to the CPA through DDR, SSR, restructuring of security governance institutions and other related reforms.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":321, "Sentence":"These seek to address the final status of signatories to the CPA through DDR, SSR, restructuring of security governance institutions and other related reforms.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR seek address final status signatory cpa ddr ssr restructuring security governance institution related reform ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"7.5.3 Verification", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Verification measures are used to ensure that the parties comply with an agreement. Veri- fication is usually carried out by inclusive, neutral or joint bodies. The latter often include the parties and an impartial actor (such as the UN or local parties acceptable to all sides) that can help resolve disagreements. Verification mechanisms for disarmament may be separate from the bodies established to implement DDR (usually a DDR commission) and may also verify other parts of a peace process in both mission and non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":322, "Sentence":"Verification measures are used to ensure that the parties comply with an agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR verification measure used ensure party comply agreement ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. 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Verification mechanisms for disarmament may be separate from the bodies established to implement DDR (usually a DDR commission) and may also verify other parts of a peace process in both mission and non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":322, "Sentence":"Veri- fication is usually carried out by inclusive, neutral or joint bodies.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR veri fication usually carried inclusive neutral joint body ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"7.5.3 Verification", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Verification measures are used to ensure that the parties comply with an agreement. Veri- fication is usually carried out by inclusive, neutral or joint bodies. The latter often include the parties and an impartial actor (such as the UN or local parties acceptable to all sides) that can help resolve disagreements. Verification mechanisms for disarmament may be separate from the bodies established to implement DDR (usually a DDR commission) and may also verify other parts of a peace process in both mission and non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":322, "Sentence":"The latter often include the parties and an impartial actor (such as the UN or local parties acceptable to all sides) that can help resolve disagreements.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR latter often include party impartial actor un local party acceptable side help resolve disagreement ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Peace mediation and DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements", "Heading3":"7.5.3 Verification", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Verification measures are used to ensure that the parties comply with an agreement. Veri- fication is usually carried out by inclusive, neutral or joint bodies. The latter often include the parties and an impartial actor (such as the UN or local parties acceptable to all sides) that can help resolve disagreements. Verification mechanisms for disarmament may be separate from the bodies established to implement DDR (usually a DDR commission) and may also verify other parts of a peace process in both mission and non-mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":322, "Sentence":"Verification mechanisms for disarmament may be separate from the bodies established to implement DDR (usually a DDR commission) and may also verify other parts of a peace process in both mission and non-mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR verification mechanism disarmament may separate body established implement ddr usually ddr commission may also verify part peace process mission nonmission setting ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.1 Recognizing the political dynamics of DDR ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"DDR should not be seen as a purely technical process, but one that requires active political support at all levels. In mission settings, this also means that DDR should not be viewed as the unique preserve of the DDR section. It should be given the attention and support it deserves by the senior mission leadership, who must be the political champions of such processes. In non-mission settings, DDR will fall under the respon- sibility of the UN RC system and the UNCT.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":323, "Sentence":"DDR should not be seen as a purely technical process, but one that requires active political support at all levels.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddr seen purely technical process one requires active political support level ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.1 Recognizing the political dynamics of DDR ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"DDR should not be seen as a purely technical process, but one that requires active political support at all levels. In mission settings, this also means that DDR should not be viewed as the unique preserve of the DDR section. It should be given the attention and support it deserves by the senior mission leadership, who must be the political champions of such processes. In non-mission settings, DDR will fall under the respon- sibility of the UN RC system and the UNCT.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":323, "Sentence":"In mission settings, this also means that DDR should not be viewed as the unique preserve of the DDR section.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR mission setting also mean ddr viewed unique preserve ddr section ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.1 Recognizing the political dynamics of DDR ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"DDR should not be seen as a purely technical process, but one that requires active political support at all levels. In mission settings, this also means that DDR should not be viewed as the unique preserve of the DDR section. It should be given the attention and support it deserves by the senior mission leadership, who must be the political champions of such processes. In non-mission settings, DDR will fall under the respon- sibility of the UN RC system and the UNCT.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":323, "Sentence":"It should be given the attention and support it deserves by the senior mission leadership, who must be the political champions of such processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR given attention support deserves senior mission leadership must political champion process ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.1 Recognizing the political dynamics of DDR ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"DDR should not be seen as a purely technical process, but one that requires active political support at all levels. In mission settings, this also means that DDR should not be viewed as the unique preserve of the DDR section. It should be given the attention and support it deserves by the senior mission leadership, who must be the political champions of such processes. In non-mission settings, DDR will fall under the respon- sibility of the UN RC system and the UNCT.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":323, "Sentence":"In non-mission settings, DDR will fall under the respon- sibility of the UN RC system and the UNCT.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR nonmission setting ddr fall respon sibility un rc system unct ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.2 DDR-related tools ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A peace agreement is a precondition for a DDR programme, but DDR programmes need not always follow peace agreements. Other DDR-related tools, such as CVR, may be more appropriate, particularly following a local-level peace agreement or even during active conflict (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).DDR practitioners must assess the political consequences, if any, of supporting DDR processes in active conflict contexts. In particular, the intended outcomes of such interventions should be clear. For example, is the aim to contribute to local-level sta- bilization or to make the rewards of stability more tangible, perhaps through a CVR project or by supporting the reintegration of those who leave active armed groups? Alternatively, is the purpose to provide impetus to a national-level peace process? If the latter, a clear theory of change, outlining how local interventions are intended to scale up, is required.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":324, "Sentence":"A peace agreement is a precondition for a DDR programme, but DDR programmes need not always follow peace agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR peace agreement precondition ddr programme ddr programme need always follow peace agreement ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.2 DDR-related tools ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A peace agreement is a precondition for a DDR programme, but DDR programmes need not always follow peace agreements. Other DDR-related tools, such as CVR, may be more appropriate, particularly following a local-level peace agreement or even during active conflict (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).DDR practitioners must assess the political consequences, if any, of supporting DDR processes in active conflict contexts. In particular, the intended outcomes of such interventions should be clear. For example, is the aim to contribute to local-level sta- bilization or to make the rewards of stability more tangible, perhaps through a CVR project or by supporting the reintegration of those who leave active armed groups? Alternatively, is the purpose to provide impetus to a national-level peace process? If the latter, a clear theory of change, outlining how local interventions are intended to scale up, is required.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":324, "Sentence":"Other DDR-related tools, such as CVR, may be more appropriate, particularly following a local-level peace agreement or even during active conflict (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).DDR practitioners must assess the political consequences, if any, of supporting DDR processes in active conflict contexts.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR ddrrelated tool cvr may appropriate particularly following locallevel peace agreement even active conflict see iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction.ddr practitioner must ass political consequence supporting ddr process active conflict context ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.2 DDR-related tools ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A peace agreement is a precondition for a DDR programme, but DDR programmes need not always follow peace agreements. Other DDR-related tools, such as CVR, may be more appropriate, particularly following a local-level peace agreement or even during active conflict (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).DDR practitioners must assess the political consequences, if any, of supporting DDR processes in active conflict contexts. In particular, the intended outcomes of such interventions should be clear. For example, is the aim to contribute to local-level sta- bilization or to make the rewards of stability more tangible, perhaps through a CVR project or by supporting the reintegration of those who leave active armed groups? Alternatively, is the purpose to provide impetus to a national-level peace process? If the latter, a clear theory of change, outlining how local interventions are intended to scale up, is required.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":324, "Sentence":"In particular, the intended outcomes of such interventions should be clear.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR particular intended outcome intervention clear ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.2 DDR-related tools ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A peace agreement is a precondition for a DDR programme, but DDR programmes need not always follow peace agreements. Other DDR-related tools, such as CVR, may be more appropriate, particularly following a local-level peace agreement or even during active conflict (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).DDR practitioners must assess the political consequences, if any, of supporting DDR processes in active conflict contexts. In particular, the intended outcomes of such interventions should be clear. For example, is the aim to contribute to local-level sta- bilization or to make the rewards of stability more tangible, perhaps through a CVR project or by supporting the reintegration of those who leave active armed groups? Alternatively, is the purpose to provide impetus to a national-level peace process? If the latter, a clear theory of change, outlining how local interventions are intended to scale up, is required.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":324, "Sentence":"For example, is the aim to contribute to local-level sta- bilization or to make the rewards of stability more tangible, perhaps through a CVR project or by supporting the reintegration of those who leave active armed groups?", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR example aim contribute locallevel sta bilization make reward stability tangible perhaps cvr project supporting reintegration leave active armed group" }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.2 DDR-related tools ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A peace agreement is a precondition for a DDR programme, but DDR programmes need not always follow peace agreements. Other DDR-related tools, such as CVR, may be more appropriate, particularly following a local-level peace agreement or even during active conflict (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).DDR practitioners must assess the political consequences, if any, of supporting DDR processes in active conflict contexts. In particular, the intended outcomes of such interventions should be clear. For example, is the aim to contribute to local-level sta- bilization or to make the rewards of stability more tangible, perhaps through a CVR project or by supporting the reintegration of those who leave active armed groups? Alternatively, is the purpose to provide impetus to a national-level peace process? If the latter, a clear theory of change, outlining how local interventions are intended to scale up, is required.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":324, "Sentence":"Alternatively, is the purpose to provide impetus to a national-level peace process?", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR alternatively purpose provide impetus nationallevel peace process" }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.2 DDR-related tools ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A peace agreement is a precondition for a DDR programme, but DDR programmes need not always follow peace agreements. Other DDR-related tools, such as CVR, may be more appropriate, particularly following a local-level peace agreement or even during active conflict (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).DDR practitioners must assess the political consequences, if any, of supporting DDR processes in active conflict contexts. In particular, the intended outcomes of such interventions should be clear. For example, is the aim to contribute to local-level sta- bilization or to make the rewards of stability more tangible, perhaps through a CVR project or by supporting the reintegration of those who leave active armed groups? Alternatively, is the purpose to provide impetus to a national-level peace process? If the latter, a clear theory of change, outlining how local interventions are intended to scale up, is required.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":324, "Sentence":"If the latter, a clear theory of change, outlining how local interventions are intended to scale up, is required.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR latter clear theory change outlining local intervention intended scale required ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"If designed properly, DDR programmes and pre-DDR can reduce parties\u2019 concerns about disbanding their fighting forces and losing political and military advantage. The following political sensitivities should be taken into account:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":325, "Sentence":"If designed properly, DDR programmes and pre-DDR can reduce parties\u2019 concerns about disbanding their fighting forces and losing political and military advantage.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR designed properly ddr programme preddr reduce party \u2019 concern disbanding fighting force losing political military advantage ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"If designed properly, DDR programmes and pre-DDR can reduce parties\u2019 concerns about disbanding their fighting forces and losing political and military advantage. The following political sensitivities should be taken into account:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":325, "Sentence":"The following political sensitivities should be taken into account:", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR following political sensitivity taken account" }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Political optics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The handover of weapons from one party to another (e.g., from an armed group to a Government) may be inappropriate, as it could be viewed as one side surrendering to the other (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). To address this issue, DDR practitioners can consider: \\n The handover of weapons to a neutral third party. \\n The design of disarmament sites, as well as who is present there. The design should seek to minimize negative perceptions linked to the handover of weapons. This may also mean that the sites are under the control of a neutral party.Demobilizing selected elements (e.g., war wounded, veterans, child soldiers) from an armed force or group can be a strong signal of the movement\u2019s willingness to move forward with peace while allowing the bulk of their forces to remain intact until political goals or benchmarks have been met. This can be a controversial approach, as in some cases it can allow warring parties to get rid of members who are less combat capable, thus leaving them with smaller but more effective forces.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":326, "Sentence":"The handover of weapons from one party to another (e.g., from an armed group to a Government) may be inappropriate, as it could be viewed as one side surrendering to the other (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR handover weapon one party another e.g . armed group government may inappropriate could viewed one side surrendering see also iddrs 4.10 disarmament ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Political optics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The handover of weapons from one party to another (e.g., from an armed group to a Government) may be inappropriate, as it could be viewed as one side surrendering to the other (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). To address this issue, DDR practitioners can consider: \\n The handover of weapons to a neutral third party. \\n The design of disarmament sites, as well as who is present there. The design should seek to minimize negative perceptions linked to the handover of weapons. This may also mean that the sites are under the control of a neutral party.Demobilizing selected elements (e.g., war wounded, veterans, child soldiers) from an armed force or group can be a strong signal of the movement\u2019s willingness to move forward with peace while allowing the bulk of their forces to remain intact until political goals or benchmarks have been met. This can be a controversial approach, as in some cases it can allow warring parties to get rid of members who are less combat capable, thus leaving them with smaller but more effective forces.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":326, "Sentence":"To address this issue, DDR practitioners can consider: \\n The handover of weapons to a neutral third party.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR address issue ddr practitioner consider n handover weapon neutral third party ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Political optics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The handover of weapons from one party to another (e.g., from an armed group to a Government) may be inappropriate, as it could be viewed as one side surrendering to the other (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). To address this issue, DDR practitioners can consider: \\n The handover of weapons to a neutral third party. \\n The design of disarmament sites, as well as who is present there. The design should seek to minimize negative perceptions linked to the handover of weapons. This may also mean that the sites are under the control of a neutral party.Demobilizing selected elements (e.g., war wounded, veterans, child soldiers) from an armed force or group can be a strong signal of the movement\u2019s willingness to move forward with peace while allowing the bulk of their forces to remain intact until political goals or benchmarks have been met. This can be a controversial approach, as in some cases it can allow warring parties to get rid of members who are less combat capable, thus leaving them with smaller but more effective forces.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":326, "Sentence":"\\n The design of disarmament sites, as well as who is present there.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR n design disarmament site well present ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Political optics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The handover of weapons from one party to another (e.g., from an armed group to a Government) may be inappropriate, as it could be viewed as one side surrendering to the other (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). To address this issue, DDR practitioners can consider: \\n The handover of weapons to a neutral third party. \\n The design of disarmament sites, as well as who is present there. The design should seek to minimize negative perceptions linked to the handover of weapons. This may also mean that the sites are under the control of a neutral party.Demobilizing selected elements (e.g., war wounded, veterans, child soldiers) from an armed force or group can be a strong signal of the movement\u2019s willingness to move forward with peace while allowing the bulk of their forces to remain intact until political goals or benchmarks have been met. This can be a controversial approach, as in some cases it can allow warring parties to get rid of members who are less combat capable, thus leaving them with smaller but more effective forces.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":326, "Sentence":"The design should seek to minimize negative perceptions linked to the handover of weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR design seek minimize negative perception linked handover weapon ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Political optics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The handover of weapons from one party to another (e.g., from an armed group to a Government) may be inappropriate, as it could be viewed as one side surrendering to the other (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). To address this issue, DDR practitioners can consider: \\n The handover of weapons to a neutral third party. \\n The design of disarmament sites, as well as who is present there. The design should seek to minimize negative perceptions linked to the handover of weapons. This may also mean that the sites are under the control of a neutral party.Demobilizing selected elements (e.g., war wounded, veterans, child soldiers) from an armed force or group can be a strong signal of the movement\u2019s willingness to move forward with peace while allowing the bulk of their forces to remain intact until political goals or benchmarks have been met. This can be a controversial approach, as in some cases it can allow warring parties to get rid of members who are less combat capable, thus leaving them with smaller but more effective forces.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":326, "Sentence":"This may also mean that the sites are under the control of a neutral party.Demobilizing selected elements (e.g., war wounded, veterans, child soldiers) from an armed force or group can be a strong signal of the movement\u2019s willingness to move forward with peace while allowing the bulk of their forces to remain intact until political goals or benchmarks have been met.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR may also mean site control neutral party.demobilizing selected element e.g . war wounded veteran child soldier armed force group strong signal movement \u2019 willingness move forward peace allowing bulk force remain intact political goal benchmark met ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Political optics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The handover of weapons from one party to another (e.g., from an armed group to a Government) may be inappropriate, as it could be viewed as one side surrendering to the other (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). To address this issue, DDR practitioners can consider: \\n The handover of weapons to a neutral third party. \\n The design of disarmament sites, as well as who is present there. The design should seek to minimize negative perceptions linked to the handover of weapons. This may also mean that the sites are under the control of a neutral party.Demobilizing selected elements (e.g., war wounded, veterans, child soldiers) from an armed force or group can be a strong signal of the movement\u2019s willingness to move forward with peace while allowing the bulk of their forces to remain intact until political goals or benchmarks have been met. This can be a controversial approach, as in some cases it can allow warring parties to get rid of members who are less combat capable, thus leaving them with smaller but more effective forces.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":326, "Sentence":"This can be a controversial approach, as in some cases it can allow warring parties to get rid of members who are less combat capable, thus leaving them with smaller but more effective forces.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR controversial approach case allow warring party get rid member le combat capable thus leaving smaller effective force ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.2 Parity in disarmament and demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Disarmament provisions are not always applied evenly to all parties and, most often, armed forces are not disarmed. This can create an imbalance in the process, with one side being asked to hand over more weapons than the other. Even the symbolic disar- mament or control (safe storage as a part of a supervised process) of a number of the armed forces\u2019 weapons can help to create a perception of parity in the process. This could involve the control of the same number of weapons from the armed forces as those handed in by armed groups.Similarly, because it is often argued that armed forces are required to protect the nation and uphold the rule of law, DDR processes may demobilize only the armed opposition. This can create security concerns for the disarmed and demobilized groups whose opponents retain the ability to use force, and perceptions of inequality in the way that armed forces and groups are treated, with one side retaining jobs and salaries while the other is demobilized. In order to create a more equitable process, mediators may allow for the cantonment or barracking of a number of Government troops equivalent to the number of fighters from armed groups that are cantoned, disarmed and demobilized. They may also push for the demobilization of some members of the armed forces so as to make room for the integration of members of opposition armed groups into the national army.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":327, "Sentence":"Disarmament provisions are not always applied evenly to all parties and, most often, armed forces are not disarmed.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR disarmament provision always applied evenly party often armed force disarmed ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.2 Parity in disarmament and demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Disarmament provisions are not always applied evenly to all parties and, most often, armed forces are not disarmed. This can create an imbalance in the process, with one side being asked to hand over more weapons than the other. Even the symbolic disar- mament or control (safe storage as a part of a supervised process) of a number of the armed forces\u2019 weapons can help to create a perception of parity in the process. This could involve the control of the same number of weapons from the armed forces as those handed in by armed groups.Similarly, because it is often argued that armed forces are required to protect the nation and uphold the rule of law, DDR processes may demobilize only the armed opposition. This can create security concerns for the disarmed and demobilized groups whose opponents retain the ability to use force, and perceptions of inequality in the way that armed forces and groups are treated, with one side retaining jobs and salaries while the other is demobilized. In order to create a more equitable process, mediators may allow for the cantonment or barracking of a number of Government troops equivalent to the number of fighters from armed groups that are cantoned, disarmed and demobilized. They may also push for the demobilization of some members of the armed forces so as to make room for the integration of members of opposition armed groups into the national army.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":327, "Sentence":"This can create an imbalance in the process, with one side being asked to hand over more weapons than the other.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR create imbalance process one side asked hand weapon ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.2 Parity in disarmament and demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Disarmament provisions are not always applied evenly to all parties and, most often, armed forces are not disarmed. This can create an imbalance in the process, with one side being asked to hand over more weapons than the other. Even the symbolic disar- mament or control (safe storage as a part of a supervised process) of a number of the armed forces\u2019 weapons can help to create a perception of parity in the process. This could involve the control of the same number of weapons from the armed forces as those handed in by armed groups.Similarly, because it is often argued that armed forces are required to protect the nation and uphold the rule of law, DDR processes may demobilize only the armed opposition. This can create security concerns for the disarmed and demobilized groups whose opponents retain the ability to use force, and perceptions of inequality in the way that armed forces and groups are treated, with one side retaining jobs and salaries while the other is demobilized. In order to create a more equitable process, mediators may allow for the cantonment or barracking of a number of Government troops equivalent to the number of fighters from armed groups that are cantoned, disarmed and demobilized. They may also push for the demobilization of some members of the armed forces so as to make room for the integration of members of opposition armed groups into the national army.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":327, "Sentence":"Even the symbolic disar- mament or control (safe storage as a part of a supervised process) of a number of the armed forces\u2019 weapons can help to create a perception of parity in the process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR even symbolic disar mament control safe storage part supervised process number armed force \u2019 weapon help create perception parity process ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.2 Parity in disarmament and demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Disarmament provisions are not always applied evenly to all parties and, most often, armed forces are not disarmed. This can create an imbalance in the process, with one side being asked to hand over more weapons than the other. Even the symbolic disar- mament or control (safe storage as a part of a supervised process) of a number of the armed forces\u2019 weapons can help to create a perception of parity in the process. This could involve the control of the same number of weapons from the armed forces as those handed in by armed groups.Similarly, because it is often argued that armed forces are required to protect the nation and uphold the rule of law, DDR processes may demobilize only the armed opposition. This can create security concerns for the disarmed and demobilized groups whose opponents retain the ability to use force, and perceptions of inequality in the way that armed forces and groups are treated, with one side retaining jobs and salaries while the other is demobilized. In order to create a more equitable process, mediators may allow for the cantonment or barracking of a number of Government troops equivalent to the number of fighters from armed groups that are cantoned, disarmed and demobilized. They may also push for the demobilization of some members of the armed forces so as to make room for the integration of members of opposition armed groups into the national army.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":327, "Sentence":"This could involve the control of the same number of weapons from the armed forces as those handed in by armed groups.Similarly, because it is often argued that armed forces are required to protect the nation and uphold the rule of law, DDR processes may demobilize only the armed opposition.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR could involve control number weapon armed force handed armed groups.similarly often argued armed force required protect nation uphold rule law ddr process may demobilize armed opposition ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.2 Parity in disarmament and demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Disarmament provisions are not always applied evenly to all parties and, most often, armed forces are not disarmed. This can create an imbalance in the process, with one side being asked to hand over more weapons than the other. Even the symbolic disar- mament or control (safe storage as a part of a supervised process) of a number of the armed forces\u2019 weapons can help to create a perception of parity in the process. This could involve the control of the same number of weapons from the armed forces as those handed in by armed groups.Similarly, because it is often argued that armed forces are required to protect the nation and uphold the rule of law, DDR processes may demobilize only the armed opposition. This can create security concerns for the disarmed and demobilized groups whose opponents retain the ability to use force, and perceptions of inequality in the way that armed forces and groups are treated, with one side retaining jobs and salaries while the other is demobilized. In order to create a more equitable process, mediators may allow for the cantonment or barracking of a number of Government troops equivalent to the number of fighters from armed groups that are cantoned, disarmed and demobilized. They may also push for the demobilization of some members of the armed forces so as to make room for the integration of members of opposition armed groups into the national army.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":327, "Sentence":"This can create security concerns for the disarmed and demobilized groups whose opponents retain the ability to use force, and perceptions of inequality in the way that armed forces and groups are treated, with one side retaining jobs and salaries while the other is demobilized.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR create security concern disarmed demobilized group whose opponent retain ability use force perception inequality way armed force group treated one side retaining job salary demobilized ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.2 Parity in disarmament and demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Disarmament provisions are not always applied evenly to all parties and, most often, armed forces are not disarmed. This can create an imbalance in the process, with one side being asked to hand over more weapons than the other. Even the symbolic disar- mament or control (safe storage as a part of a supervised process) of a number of the armed forces\u2019 weapons can help to create a perception of parity in the process. This could involve the control of the same number of weapons from the armed forces as those handed in by armed groups.Similarly, because it is often argued that armed forces are required to protect the nation and uphold the rule of law, DDR processes may demobilize only the armed opposition. This can create security concerns for the disarmed and demobilized groups whose opponents retain the ability to use force, and perceptions of inequality in the way that armed forces and groups are treated, with one side retaining jobs and salaries while the other is demobilized. In order to create a more equitable process, mediators may allow for the cantonment or barracking of a number of Government troops equivalent to the number of fighters from armed groups that are cantoned, disarmed and demobilized. They may also push for the demobilization of some members of the armed forces so as to make room for the integration of members of opposition armed groups into the national army.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":327, "Sentence":"In order to create a more equitable process, mediators may allow for the cantonment or barracking of a number of Government troops equivalent to the number of fighters from armed groups that are cantoned, disarmed and demobilized.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR order create equitable process mediator may allow cantonment barracking number government troop equivalent number fighter armed group cantoned disarmed demobilized ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.2 Parity in disarmament and demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Disarmament provisions are not always applied evenly to all parties and, most often, armed forces are not disarmed. This can create an imbalance in the process, with one side being asked to hand over more weapons than the other. Even the symbolic disar- mament or control (safe storage as a part of a supervised process) of a number of the armed forces\u2019 weapons can help to create a perception of parity in the process. This could involve the control of the same number of weapons from the armed forces as those handed in by armed groups.Similarly, because it is often argued that armed forces are required to protect the nation and uphold the rule of law, DDR processes may demobilize only the armed opposition. This can create security concerns for the disarmed and demobilized groups whose opponents retain the ability to use force, and perceptions of inequality in the way that armed forces and groups are treated, with one side retaining jobs and salaries while the other is demobilized. In order to create a more equitable process, mediators may allow for the cantonment or barracking of a number of Government troops equivalent to the number of fighters from armed groups that are cantoned, disarmed and demobilized. They may also push for the demobilization of some members of the armed forces so as to make room for the integration of members of opposition armed groups into the national army.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":327, "Sentence":"They may also push for the demobilization of some members of the armed forces so as to make room for the integration of members of opposition armed groups into the national army.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR may also push demobilization member armed force make room integration member opposition armed group national army ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.3 Linkages to other aspects of the peace process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Opposition armed groups may be reluctant to demobilize their troops and dismantle their command structures before receiving tangible indications that the political aspects of an agreement will be implemented. This can take time, and there may be a need to consider measures to keep troops under command and control, fed and paid in the interim. They could include: \\n Extended cantonment (this should not be open ended, and a reasonable end date should be set, even if it needs to be renegotiated later); \\n Linking demobilization to the successful completion of benchmarks in the political arena and in the transformation of armed groups into political parties; \\n Pre-DDR activities; \\n Providing other opportunities such as work brigades that keep the command and control of the groups but reorientate them towards more constructive activities.Such processes must be measured against the ability of the organization to control its troops and may be controversial as they retain command and control structures that can facilitate remobilization.Mid-level and senior commander\u2019s political aspirations should be considered when developing demobilization options. Support for political actors is a sensitive issue and can have important implications for the perceived neutrality of the UN, so decisions on this should be taken at the highest level. If agreed to, support in this field may require linking up with other organizations that can assist. Similarly, reintegration into civilian life could be broadened to include a political component for DDR programme participants. This could include civic education and efforts to build political platforms, including political parties. While these activities lie outside of the scope of DDR, DDR practitioners could develop partnerships with actors that are already engaged in this field. The latter could develop projects to assist armed group members who enter into politics in preparing for their new roles.Finally, when reintegration support is offered to former combatants, persons for- merly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members, there may be politically motivated attempts to influence whether these individuals opt to receive reintegration support or take up other, alternative options. Warring parties may push their members to choose an option that supports their former armed force or group as opposed to the individual\u2019s best chances at reintegration. They may push cadres to run for political office, encourage integration into the security services so as to build a power base within these forces, or opt for cash reintegration assistance, some of which is used to support political activities. The notion of individual choice should therefore be encouraged so as to counter attempts to co-opt reintegration to political ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":328, "Sentence":"Opposition armed groups may be reluctant to demobilize their troops and dismantle their command structures before receiving tangible indications that the political aspects of an agreement will be implemented.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR opposition armed group may reluctant demobilize troop dismantle command structure receiving tangible indication political aspect agreement implemented ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.3 Linkages to other aspects of the peace process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Opposition armed groups may be reluctant to demobilize their troops and dismantle their command structures before receiving tangible indications that the political aspects of an agreement will be implemented. This can take time, and there may be a need to consider measures to keep troops under command and control, fed and paid in the interim. They could include: \\n Extended cantonment (this should not be open ended, and a reasonable end date should be set, even if it needs to be renegotiated later); \\n Linking demobilization to the successful completion of benchmarks in the political arena and in the transformation of armed groups into political parties; \\n Pre-DDR activities; \\n Providing other opportunities such as work brigades that keep the command and control of the groups but reorientate them towards more constructive activities.Such processes must be measured against the ability of the organization to control its troops and may be controversial as they retain command and control structures that can facilitate remobilization.Mid-level and senior commander\u2019s political aspirations should be considered when developing demobilization options. Support for political actors is a sensitive issue and can have important implications for the perceived neutrality of the UN, so decisions on this should be taken at the highest level. If agreed to, support in this field may require linking up with other organizations that can assist. Similarly, reintegration into civilian life could be broadened to include a political component for DDR programme participants. This could include civic education and efforts to build political platforms, including political parties. While these activities lie outside of the scope of DDR, DDR practitioners could develop partnerships with actors that are already engaged in this field. The latter could develop projects to assist armed group members who enter into politics in preparing for their new roles.Finally, when reintegration support is offered to former combatants, persons for- merly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members, there may be politically motivated attempts to influence whether these individuals opt to receive reintegration support or take up other, alternative options. Warring parties may push their members to choose an option that supports their former armed force or group as opposed to the individual\u2019s best chances at reintegration. They may push cadres to run for political office, encourage integration into the security services so as to build a power base within these forces, or opt for cash reintegration assistance, some of which is used to support political activities. The notion of individual choice should therefore be encouraged so as to counter attempts to co-opt reintegration to political ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":328, "Sentence":"This can take time, and there may be a need to consider measures to keep troops under command and control, fed and paid in the interim.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR take time may need consider measure keep troop command control fed paid interim ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.3 Linkages to other aspects of the peace process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Opposition armed groups may be reluctant to demobilize their troops and dismantle their command structures before receiving tangible indications that the political aspects of an agreement will be implemented. This can take time, and there may be a need to consider measures to keep troops under command and control, fed and paid in the interim. They could include: \\n Extended cantonment (this should not be open ended, and a reasonable end date should be set, even if it needs to be renegotiated later); \\n Linking demobilization to the successful completion of benchmarks in the political arena and in the transformation of armed groups into political parties; \\n Pre-DDR activities; \\n Providing other opportunities such as work brigades that keep the command and control of the groups but reorientate them towards more constructive activities.Such processes must be measured against the ability of the organization to control its troops and may be controversial as they retain command and control structures that can facilitate remobilization.Mid-level and senior commander\u2019s political aspirations should be considered when developing demobilization options. Support for political actors is a sensitive issue and can have important implications for the perceived neutrality of the UN, so decisions on this should be taken at the highest level. If agreed to, support in this field may require linking up with other organizations that can assist. Similarly, reintegration into civilian life could be broadened to include a political component for DDR programme participants. This could include civic education and efforts to build political platforms, including political parties. While these activities lie outside of the scope of DDR, DDR practitioners could develop partnerships with actors that are already engaged in this field. The latter could develop projects to assist armed group members who enter into politics in preparing for their new roles.Finally, when reintegration support is offered to former combatants, persons for- merly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members, there may be politically motivated attempts to influence whether these individuals opt to receive reintegration support or take up other, alternative options. Warring parties may push their members to choose an option that supports their former armed force or group as opposed to the individual\u2019s best chances at reintegration. They may push cadres to run for political office, encourage integration into the security services so as to build a power base within these forces, or opt for cash reintegration assistance, some of which is used to support political activities. The notion of individual choice should therefore be encouraged so as to counter attempts to co-opt reintegration to political ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":328, "Sentence":"They could include: \\n Extended cantonment (this should not be open ended, and a reasonable end date should be set, even if it needs to be renegotiated later); \\n Linking demobilization to the successful completion of benchmarks in the political arena and in the transformation of armed groups into political parties; \\n Pre-DDR activities; \\n Providing other opportunities such as work brigades that keep the command and control of the groups but reorientate them towards more constructive activities.Such processes must be measured against the ability of the organization to control its troops and may be controversial as they retain command and control structures that can facilitate remobilization.Mid-level and senior commander\u2019s political aspirations should be considered when developing demobilization options.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR could include n extended cantonment open ended reasonable end date set even need renegotiated later n linking demobilization successful completion benchmark political arena transformation armed group political party n preddr activity n providing opportunity work brigade keep command control group reorientate towards constructive activities.such process must measured ability organization control troop may controversial retain command control structure facilitate remobilization.midlevel senior commander \u2019 political aspiration considered developing demobilization option ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.3 Linkages to other aspects of the peace process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Opposition armed groups may be reluctant to demobilize their troops and dismantle their command structures before receiving tangible indications that the political aspects of an agreement will be implemented. This can take time, and there may be a need to consider measures to keep troops under command and control, fed and paid in the interim. They could include: \\n Extended cantonment (this should not be open ended, and a reasonable end date should be set, even if it needs to be renegotiated later); \\n Linking demobilization to the successful completion of benchmarks in the political arena and in the transformation of armed groups into political parties; \\n Pre-DDR activities; \\n Providing other opportunities such as work brigades that keep the command and control of the groups but reorientate them towards more constructive activities.Such processes must be measured against the ability of the organization to control its troops and may be controversial as they retain command and control structures that can facilitate remobilization.Mid-level and senior commander\u2019s political aspirations should be considered when developing demobilization options. Support for political actors is a sensitive issue and can have important implications for the perceived neutrality of the UN, so decisions on this should be taken at the highest level. If agreed to, support in this field may require linking up with other organizations that can assist. Similarly, reintegration into civilian life could be broadened to include a political component for DDR programme participants. This could include civic education and efforts to build political platforms, including political parties. While these activities lie outside of the scope of DDR, DDR practitioners could develop partnerships with actors that are already engaged in this field. The latter could develop projects to assist armed group members who enter into politics in preparing for their new roles.Finally, when reintegration support is offered to former combatants, persons for- merly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members, there may be politically motivated attempts to influence whether these individuals opt to receive reintegration support or take up other, alternative options. Warring parties may push their members to choose an option that supports their former armed force or group as opposed to the individual\u2019s best chances at reintegration. They may push cadres to run for political office, encourage integration into the security services so as to build a power base within these forces, or opt for cash reintegration assistance, some of which is used to support political activities. The notion of individual choice should therefore be encouraged so as to counter attempts to co-opt reintegration to political ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":328, "Sentence":"Support for political actors is a sensitive issue and can have important implications for the perceived neutrality of the UN, so decisions on this should be taken at the highest level.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR support political actor sensitive issue important implication perceived neutrality un decision taken highest level ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.3 Linkages to other aspects of the peace process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Opposition armed groups may be reluctant to demobilize their troops and dismantle their command structures before receiving tangible indications that the political aspects of an agreement will be implemented. This can take time, and there may be a need to consider measures to keep troops under command and control, fed and paid in the interim. They could include: \\n Extended cantonment (this should not be open ended, and a reasonable end date should be set, even if it needs to be renegotiated later); \\n Linking demobilization to the successful completion of benchmarks in the political arena and in the transformation of armed groups into political parties; \\n Pre-DDR activities; \\n Providing other opportunities such as work brigades that keep the command and control of the groups but reorientate them towards more constructive activities.Such processes must be measured against the ability of the organization to control its troops and may be controversial as they retain command and control structures that can facilitate remobilization.Mid-level and senior commander\u2019s political aspirations should be considered when developing demobilization options. Support for political actors is a sensitive issue and can have important implications for the perceived neutrality of the UN, so decisions on this should be taken at the highest level. If agreed to, support in this field may require linking up with other organizations that can assist. Similarly, reintegration into civilian life could be broadened to include a political component for DDR programme participants. This could include civic education and efforts to build political platforms, including political parties. While these activities lie outside of the scope of DDR, DDR practitioners could develop partnerships with actors that are already engaged in this field. The latter could develop projects to assist armed group members who enter into politics in preparing for their new roles.Finally, when reintegration support is offered to former combatants, persons for- merly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members, there may be politically motivated attempts to influence whether these individuals opt to receive reintegration support or take up other, alternative options. Warring parties may push their members to choose an option that supports their former armed force or group as opposed to the individual\u2019s best chances at reintegration. They may push cadres to run for political office, encourage integration into the security services so as to build a power base within these forces, or opt for cash reintegration assistance, some of which is used to support political activities. The notion of individual choice should therefore be encouraged so as to counter attempts to co-opt reintegration to political ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":328, "Sentence":"If agreed to, support in this field may require linking up with other organizations that can assist.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR agreed support field may require linking organization assist ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.3 Linkages to other aspects of the peace process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Opposition armed groups may be reluctant to demobilize their troops and dismantle their command structures before receiving tangible indications that the political aspects of an agreement will be implemented. This can take time, and there may be a need to consider measures to keep troops under command and control, fed and paid in the interim. They could include: \\n Extended cantonment (this should not be open ended, and a reasonable end date should be set, even if it needs to be renegotiated later); \\n Linking demobilization to the successful completion of benchmarks in the political arena and in the transformation of armed groups into political parties; \\n Pre-DDR activities; \\n Providing other opportunities such as work brigades that keep the command and control of the groups but reorientate them towards more constructive activities.Such processes must be measured against the ability of the organization to control its troops and may be controversial as they retain command and control structures that can facilitate remobilization.Mid-level and senior commander\u2019s political aspirations should be considered when developing demobilization options. Support for political actors is a sensitive issue and can have important implications for the perceived neutrality of the UN, so decisions on this should be taken at the highest level. If agreed to, support in this field may require linking up with other organizations that can assist. Similarly, reintegration into civilian life could be broadened to include a political component for DDR programme participants. This could include civic education and efforts to build political platforms, including political parties. While these activities lie outside of the scope of DDR, DDR practitioners could develop partnerships with actors that are already engaged in this field. The latter could develop projects to assist armed group members who enter into politics in preparing for their new roles.Finally, when reintegration support is offered to former combatants, persons for- merly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members, there may be politically motivated attempts to influence whether these individuals opt to receive reintegration support or take up other, alternative options. Warring parties may push their members to choose an option that supports their former armed force or group as opposed to the individual\u2019s best chances at reintegration. They may push cadres to run for political office, encourage integration into the security services so as to build a power base within these forces, or opt for cash reintegration assistance, some of which is used to support political activities. The notion of individual choice should therefore be encouraged so as to counter attempts to co-opt reintegration to political ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":328, "Sentence":"Similarly, reintegration into civilian life could be broadened to include a political component for DDR programme participants.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR similarly reintegration civilian life could broadened include political component ddr programme participant ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.3 Linkages to other aspects of the peace process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Opposition armed groups may be reluctant to demobilize their troops and dismantle their command structures before receiving tangible indications that the political aspects of an agreement will be implemented. This can take time, and there may be a need to consider measures to keep troops under command and control, fed and paid in the interim. They could include: \\n Extended cantonment (this should not be open ended, and a reasonable end date should be set, even if it needs to be renegotiated later); \\n Linking demobilization to the successful completion of benchmarks in the political arena and in the transformation of armed groups into political parties; \\n Pre-DDR activities; \\n Providing other opportunities such as work brigades that keep the command and control of the groups but reorientate them towards more constructive activities.Such processes must be measured against the ability of the organization to control its troops and may be controversial as they retain command and control structures that can facilitate remobilization.Mid-level and senior commander\u2019s political aspirations should be considered when developing demobilization options. Support for political actors is a sensitive issue and can have important implications for the perceived neutrality of the UN, so decisions on this should be taken at the highest level. If agreed to, support in this field may require linking up with other organizations that can assist. Similarly, reintegration into civilian life could be broadened to include a political component for DDR programme participants. This could include civic education and efforts to build political platforms, including political parties. While these activities lie outside of the scope of DDR, DDR practitioners could develop partnerships with actors that are already engaged in this field. The latter could develop projects to assist armed group members who enter into politics in preparing for their new roles.Finally, when reintegration support is offered to former combatants, persons for- merly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members, there may be politically motivated attempts to influence whether these individuals opt to receive reintegration support or take up other, alternative options. Warring parties may push their members to choose an option that supports their former armed force or group as opposed to the individual\u2019s best chances at reintegration. They may push cadres to run for political office, encourage integration into the security services so as to build a power base within these forces, or opt for cash reintegration assistance, some of which is used to support political activities. The notion of individual choice should therefore be encouraged so as to counter attempts to co-opt reintegration to political ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":328, "Sentence":"This could include civic education and efforts to build political platforms, including political parties.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR could include civic education effort build political platform including political party ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.3 Linkages to other aspects of the peace process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Opposition armed groups may be reluctant to demobilize their troops and dismantle their command structures before receiving tangible indications that the political aspects of an agreement will be implemented. This can take time, and there may be a need to consider measures to keep troops under command and control, fed and paid in the interim. They could include: \\n Extended cantonment (this should not be open ended, and a reasonable end date should be set, even if it needs to be renegotiated later); \\n Linking demobilization to the successful completion of benchmarks in the political arena and in the transformation of armed groups into political parties; \\n Pre-DDR activities; \\n Providing other opportunities such as work brigades that keep the command and control of the groups but reorientate them towards more constructive activities.Such processes must be measured against the ability of the organization to control its troops and may be controversial as they retain command and control structures that can facilitate remobilization.Mid-level and senior commander\u2019s political aspirations should be considered when developing demobilization options. Support for political actors is a sensitive issue and can have important implications for the perceived neutrality of the UN, so decisions on this should be taken at the highest level. If agreed to, support in this field may require linking up with other organizations that can assist. Similarly, reintegration into civilian life could be broadened to include a political component for DDR programme participants. This could include civic education and efforts to build political platforms, including political parties. While these activities lie outside of the scope of DDR, DDR practitioners could develop partnerships with actors that are already engaged in this field. The latter could develop projects to assist armed group members who enter into politics in preparing for their new roles.Finally, when reintegration support is offered to former combatants, persons for- merly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members, there may be politically motivated attempts to influence whether these individuals opt to receive reintegration support or take up other, alternative options. Warring parties may push their members to choose an option that supports their former armed force or group as opposed to the individual\u2019s best chances at reintegration. They may push cadres to run for political office, encourage integration into the security services so as to build a power base within these forces, or opt for cash reintegration assistance, some of which is used to support political activities. The notion of individual choice should therefore be encouraged so as to counter attempts to co-opt reintegration to political ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":328, "Sentence":"While these activities lie outside of the scope of DDR, DDR practitioners could develop partnerships with actors that are already engaged in this field.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR activity lie outside scope ddr ddr practitioner could develop partnership actor already engaged field ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.3 Linkages to other aspects of the peace process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Opposition armed groups may be reluctant to demobilize their troops and dismantle their command structures before receiving tangible indications that the political aspects of an agreement will be implemented. This can take time, and there may be a need to consider measures to keep troops under command and control, fed and paid in the interim. They could include: \\n Extended cantonment (this should not be open ended, and a reasonable end date should be set, even if it needs to be renegotiated later); \\n Linking demobilization to the successful completion of benchmarks in the political arena and in the transformation of armed groups into political parties; \\n Pre-DDR activities; \\n Providing other opportunities such as work brigades that keep the command and control of the groups but reorientate them towards more constructive activities.Such processes must be measured against the ability of the organization to control its troops and may be controversial as they retain command and control structures that can facilitate remobilization.Mid-level and senior commander\u2019s political aspirations should be considered when developing demobilization options. Support for political actors is a sensitive issue and can have important implications for the perceived neutrality of the UN, so decisions on this should be taken at the highest level. If agreed to, support in this field may require linking up with other organizations that can assist. Similarly, reintegration into civilian life could be broadened to include a political component for DDR programme participants. This could include civic education and efforts to build political platforms, including political parties. While these activities lie outside of the scope of DDR, DDR practitioners could develop partnerships with actors that are already engaged in this field. The latter could develop projects to assist armed group members who enter into politics in preparing for their new roles.Finally, when reintegration support is offered to former combatants, persons for- merly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members, there may be politically motivated attempts to influence whether these individuals opt to receive reintegration support or take up other, alternative options. Warring parties may push their members to choose an option that supports their former armed force or group as opposed to the individual\u2019s best chances at reintegration. They may push cadres to run for political office, encourage integration into the security services so as to build a power base within these forces, or opt for cash reintegration assistance, some of which is used to support political activities. The notion of individual choice should therefore be encouraged so as to counter attempts to co-opt reintegration to political ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":328, "Sentence":"The latter could develop projects to assist armed group members who enter into politics in preparing for their new roles.Finally, when reintegration support is offered to former combatants, persons for- merly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members, there may be politically motivated attempts to influence whether these individuals opt to receive reintegration support or take up other, alternative options.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR latter could develop project assist armed group member enter politics preparing new roles.finally reintegration support offered former combatant person merly associated armed force group community member may politically motivated attempt influence whether individual opt receive reintegration support take alternative option ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.3 Linkages to other aspects of the peace process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Opposition armed groups may be reluctant to demobilize their troops and dismantle their command structures before receiving tangible indications that the political aspects of an agreement will be implemented. This can take time, and there may be a need to consider measures to keep troops under command and control, fed and paid in the interim. They could include: \\n Extended cantonment (this should not be open ended, and a reasonable end date should be set, even if it needs to be renegotiated later); \\n Linking demobilization to the successful completion of benchmarks in the political arena and in the transformation of armed groups into political parties; \\n Pre-DDR activities; \\n Providing other opportunities such as work brigades that keep the command and control of the groups but reorientate them towards more constructive activities.Such processes must be measured against the ability of the organization to control its troops and may be controversial as they retain command and control structures that can facilitate remobilization.Mid-level and senior commander\u2019s political aspirations should be considered when developing demobilization options. Support for political actors is a sensitive issue and can have important implications for the perceived neutrality of the UN, so decisions on this should be taken at the highest level. If agreed to, support in this field may require linking up with other organizations that can assist. Similarly, reintegration into civilian life could be broadened to include a political component for DDR programme participants. This could include civic education and efforts to build political platforms, including political parties. While these activities lie outside of the scope of DDR, DDR practitioners could develop partnerships with actors that are already engaged in this field. The latter could develop projects to assist armed group members who enter into politics in preparing for their new roles.Finally, when reintegration support is offered to former combatants, persons for- merly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members, there may be politically motivated attempts to influence whether these individuals opt to receive reintegration support or take up other, alternative options. Warring parties may push their members to choose an option that supports their former armed force or group as opposed to the individual\u2019s best chances at reintegration. They may push cadres to run for political office, encourage integration into the security services so as to build a power base within these forces, or opt for cash reintegration assistance, some of which is used to support political activities. The notion of individual choice should therefore be encouraged so as to counter attempts to co-opt reintegration to political ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":328, "Sentence":"Warring parties may push their members to choose an option that supports their former armed force or group as opposed to the individual\u2019s best chances at reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR warring party may push member choose option support former armed force group opposed individual \u2019 best chance reintegration ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.3 Linkages to other aspects of the peace process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Opposition armed groups may be reluctant to demobilize their troops and dismantle their command structures before receiving tangible indications that the political aspects of an agreement will be implemented. This can take time, and there may be a need to consider measures to keep troops under command and control, fed and paid in the interim. They could include: \\n Extended cantonment (this should not be open ended, and a reasonable end date should be set, even if it needs to be renegotiated later); \\n Linking demobilization to the successful completion of benchmarks in the political arena and in the transformation of armed groups into political parties; \\n Pre-DDR activities; \\n Providing other opportunities such as work brigades that keep the command and control of the groups but reorientate them towards more constructive activities.Such processes must be measured against the ability of the organization to control its troops and may be controversial as they retain command and control structures that can facilitate remobilization.Mid-level and senior commander\u2019s political aspirations should be considered when developing demobilization options. Support for political actors is a sensitive issue and can have important implications for the perceived neutrality of the UN, so decisions on this should be taken at the highest level. If agreed to, support in this field may require linking up with other organizations that can assist. Similarly, reintegration into civilian life could be broadened to include a political component for DDR programme participants. This could include civic education and efforts to build political platforms, including political parties. While these activities lie outside of the scope of DDR, DDR practitioners could develop partnerships with actors that are already engaged in this field. The latter could develop projects to assist armed group members who enter into politics in preparing for their new roles.Finally, when reintegration support is offered to former combatants, persons for- merly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members, there may be politically motivated attempts to influence whether these individuals opt to receive reintegration support or take up other, alternative options. Warring parties may push their members to choose an option that supports their former armed force or group as opposed to the individual\u2019s best chances at reintegration. They may push cadres to run for political office, encourage integration into the security services so as to build a power base within these forces, or opt for cash reintegration assistance, some of which is used to support political activities. The notion of individual choice should therefore be encouraged so as to counter attempts to co-opt reintegration to political ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":328, "Sentence":"They may push cadres to run for political office, encourage integration into the security services so as to build a power base within these forces, or opt for cash reintegration assistance, some of which is used to support political activities.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR may push cadre run political office encourage integration security service build power base within force opt cash reintegration assistance used support political activity ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.3 Linkages to other aspects of the peace process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Opposition armed groups may be reluctant to demobilize their troops and dismantle their command structures before receiving tangible indications that the political aspects of an agreement will be implemented. This can take time, and there may be a need to consider measures to keep troops under command and control, fed and paid in the interim. They could include: \\n Extended cantonment (this should not be open ended, and a reasonable end date should be set, even if it needs to be renegotiated later); \\n Linking demobilization to the successful completion of benchmarks in the political arena and in the transformation of armed groups into political parties; \\n Pre-DDR activities; \\n Providing other opportunities such as work brigades that keep the command and control of the groups but reorientate them towards more constructive activities.Such processes must be measured against the ability of the organization to control its troops and may be controversial as they retain command and control structures that can facilitate remobilization.Mid-level and senior commander\u2019s political aspirations should be considered when developing demobilization options. Support for political actors is a sensitive issue and can have important implications for the perceived neutrality of the UN, so decisions on this should be taken at the highest level. If agreed to, support in this field may require linking up with other organizations that can assist. Similarly, reintegration into civilian life could be broadened to include a political component for DDR programme participants. This could include civic education and efforts to build political platforms, including political parties. While these activities lie outside of the scope of DDR, DDR practitioners could develop partnerships with actors that are already engaged in this field. The latter could develop projects to assist armed group members who enter into politics in preparing for their new roles.Finally, when reintegration support is offered to former combatants, persons for- merly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members, there may be politically motivated attempts to influence whether these individuals opt to receive reintegration support or take up other, alternative options. Warring parties may push their members to choose an option that supports their former armed force or group as opposed to the individual\u2019s best chances at reintegration. They may push cadres to run for political office, encourage integration into the security services so as to build a power base within these forces, or opt for cash reintegration assistance, some of which is used to support political activities. The notion of individual choice should therefore be encouraged so as to counter attempts to co-opt reintegration to political ends.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":328, "Sentence":"The notion of individual choice should therefore be encouraged so as to counter attempts to co-opt reintegration to political ends.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR notion individual choice therefore encouraged counter attempt coopt reintegration political end ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.4 Elections and the transformation of armed groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Along with the signature of a peace agreement, elections are often seen as a symbol marking the end of the transition from war to peace. If they are to be truly representative and offer an alternative way of contesting power, politics must be demilitarized (\u201dtake the gun out of politics\u201d or go \u201cfrom bullet to ballot\u201d) and transform armed groups into viable political parties that compete in the political arena. It is also through political parties that citizens, including former combatants, can involve themselves in politics and policymaking, as parties provide them with a structure for political participation and a channel for making their voices heard. Not all armed groups can become viable political parties. In this case, alternatives can be sought, including the establishment of a civil society organization aimed at advancing the cause of the group. However, if the transformation of armed groups into political parties is part of the conflict resolution process, reflected in a peace agreement, then the UN should provide support towards this end.DDR may affect the holding of or influence the outcome of elections in several ways: \\n Armed forces and groups that wield power through weapons and the threat of violence can influence the way people vote, affecting the free and fair nature of the elections. \\n Hybrid political \u2019parties\u2019 that are armed and able to organize violence retain the ability to challenge electoral results through force. \\n Armed groups may not have had the time nor space to transform into political actors. They may feel cheated if they are not able to participate fully in the process and revert to violence, as this is their usual way of challenging institutions or articulating grievances. \\n Women in armed groups may be excluded or marginalized as leadership roles and places in the political ranks are carved out.There is often a push for DDR to happen before elections are held. This may be a part of the sequencing of a peace process (signature of an agreement \u2013 DDR programme \u2013 elections), and in some cases completing DDR may be a pre-condition for holding polls. Delays in DDR may affect the timing of elections, or elections that are planned too early can result in a rushed DDR process, all of which may compromise the credi- bility of the broader peace process. Conversely, postponing elections until DDR is com- pleted can be difficult, especially given the long timeframes for DDR, and when there are large caseloads of combatants still to be demobilized or non-signatory movements are still active and can become spoilers. For these reasons DDR practitioners should consider the sequencing of DDR and elections and acknowledge that the interplay between them will have knock-on effects.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":329, "Sentence":"Along with the signature of a peace agreement, elections are often seen as a symbol marking the end of the transition from war to peace.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR along signature peace agreement election often seen symbol marking end transition war peace ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.4 Elections and the transformation of armed groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Along with the signature of a peace agreement, elections are often seen as a symbol marking the end of the transition from war to peace. If they are to be truly representative and offer an alternative way of contesting power, politics must be demilitarized (\u201dtake the gun out of politics\u201d or go \u201cfrom bullet to ballot\u201d) and transform armed groups into viable political parties that compete in the political arena. It is also through political parties that citizens, including former combatants, can involve themselves in politics and policymaking, as parties provide them with a structure for political participation and a channel for making their voices heard. Not all armed groups can become viable political parties. In this case, alternatives can be sought, including the establishment of a civil society organization aimed at advancing the cause of the group. However, if the transformation of armed groups into political parties is part of the conflict resolution process, reflected in a peace agreement, then the UN should provide support towards this end.DDR may affect the holding of or influence the outcome of elections in several ways: \\n Armed forces and groups that wield power through weapons and the threat of violence can influence the way people vote, affecting the free and fair nature of the elections. \\n Hybrid political \u2019parties\u2019 that are armed and able to organize violence retain the ability to challenge electoral results through force. \\n Armed groups may not have had the time nor space to transform into political actors. They may feel cheated if they are not able to participate fully in the process and revert to violence, as this is their usual way of challenging institutions or articulating grievances. \\n Women in armed groups may be excluded or marginalized as leadership roles and places in the political ranks are carved out.There is often a push for DDR to happen before elections are held. This may be a part of the sequencing of a peace process (signature of an agreement \u2013 DDR programme \u2013 elections), and in some cases completing DDR may be a pre-condition for holding polls. Delays in DDR may affect the timing of elections, or elections that are planned too early can result in a rushed DDR process, all of which may compromise the credi- bility of the broader peace process. Conversely, postponing elections until DDR is com- pleted can be difficult, especially given the long timeframes for DDR, and when there are large caseloads of combatants still to be demobilized or non-signatory movements are still active and can become spoilers. For these reasons DDR practitioners should consider the sequencing of DDR and elections and acknowledge that the interplay between them will have knock-on effects.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":329, "Sentence":"If they are to be truly representative and offer an alternative way of contesting power, politics must be demilitarized (\u201dtake the gun out of politics\u201d or go \u201cfrom bullet to ballot\u201d) and transform armed groups into viable political parties that compete in the political arena.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR truly representative offer alternative way contesting power politics must demilitarized \u201d take gun politics \u201d go \u201c bullet ballot \u201d transform armed group viable political party compete political arena ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.4 Elections and the transformation of armed groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Along with the signature of a peace agreement, elections are often seen as a symbol marking the end of the transition from war to peace. If they are to be truly representative and offer an alternative way of contesting power, politics must be demilitarized (\u201dtake the gun out of politics\u201d or go \u201cfrom bullet to ballot\u201d) and transform armed groups into viable political parties that compete in the political arena. It is also through political parties that citizens, including former combatants, can involve themselves in politics and policymaking, as parties provide them with a structure for political participation and a channel for making their voices heard. Not all armed groups can become viable political parties. In this case, alternatives can be sought, including the establishment of a civil society organization aimed at advancing the cause of the group. However, if the transformation of armed groups into political parties is part of the conflict resolution process, reflected in a peace agreement, then the UN should provide support towards this end.DDR may affect the holding of or influence the outcome of elections in several ways: \\n Armed forces and groups that wield power through weapons and the threat of violence can influence the way people vote, affecting the free and fair nature of the elections. \\n Hybrid political \u2019parties\u2019 that are armed and able to organize violence retain the ability to challenge electoral results through force. \\n Armed groups may not have had the time nor space to transform into political actors. They may feel cheated if they are not able to participate fully in the process and revert to violence, as this is their usual way of challenging institutions or articulating grievances. \\n Women in armed groups may be excluded or marginalized as leadership roles and places in the political ranks are carved out.There is often a push for DDR to happen before elections are held. This may be a part of the sequencing of a peace process (signature of an agreement \u2013 DDR programme \u2013 elections), and in some cases completing DDR may be a pre-condition for holding polls. Delays in DDR may affect the timing of elections, or elections that are planned too early can result in a rushed DDR process, all of which may compromise the credi- bility of the broader peace process. Conversely, postponing elections until DDR is com- pleted can be difficult, especially given the long timeframes for DDR, and when there are large caseloads of combatants still to be demobilized or non-signatory movements are still active and can become spoilers. For these reasons DDR practitioners should consider the sequencing of DDR and elections and acknowledge that the interplay between them will have knock-on effects.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":329, "Sentence":"It is also through political parties that citizens, including former combatants, can involve themselves in politics and policymaking, as parties provide them with a structure for political participation and a channel for making their voices heard.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR also political party citizen including former combatant involve politics policymaking party provide structure political participation channel making voice heard ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.4 Elections and the transformation of armed groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Along with the signature of a peace agreement, elections are often seen as a symbol marking the end of the transition from war to peace. If they are to be truly representative and offer an alternative way of contesting power, politics must be demilitarized (\u201dtake the gun out of politics\u201d or go \u201cfrom bullet to ballot\u201d) and transform armed groups into viable political parties that compete in the political arena. It is also through political parties that citizens, including former combatants, can involve themselves in politics and policymaking, as parties provide them with a structure for political participation and a channel for making their voices heard. Not all armed groups can become viable political parties. In this case, alternatives can be sought, including the establishment of a civil society organization aimed at advancing the cause of the group. However, if the transformation of armed groups into political parties is part of the conflict resolution process, reflected in a peace agreement, then the UN should provide support towards this end.DDR may affect the holding of or influence the outcome of elections in several ways: \\n Armed forces and groups that wield power through weapons and the threat of violence can influence the way people vote, affecting the free and fair nature of the elections. \\n Hybrid political \u2019parties\u2019 that are armed and able to organize violence retain the ability to challenge electoral results through force. \\n Armed groups may not have had the time nor space to transform into political actors. They may feel cheated if they are not able to participate fully in the process and revert to violence, as this is their usual way of challenging institutions or articulating grievances. \\n Women in armed groups may be excluded or marginalized as leadership roles and places in the political ranks are carved out.There is often a push for DDR to happen before elections are held. This may be a part of the sequencing of a peace process (signature of an agreement \u2013 DDR programme \u2013 elections), and in some cases completing DDR may be a pre-condition for holding polls. Delays in DDR may affect the timing of elections, or elections that are planned too early can result in a rushed DDR process, all of which may compromise the credi- bility of the broader peace process. Conversely, postponing elections until DDR is com- pleted can be difficult, especially given the long timeframes for DDR, and when there are large caseloads of combatants still to be demobilized or non-signatory movements are still active and can become spoilers. For these reasons DDR practitioners should consider the sequencing of DDR and elections and acknowledge that the interplay between them will have knock-on effects.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":329, "Sentence":"Not all armed groups can become viable political parties.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR armed group become viable political party ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.4 Elections and the transformation of armed groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Along with the signature of a peace agreement, elections are often seen as a symbol marking the end of the transition from war to peace. If they are to be truly representative and offer an alternative way of contesting power, politics must be demilitarized (\u201dtake the gun out of politics\u201d or go \u201cfrom bullet to ballot\u201d) and transform armed groups into viable political parties that compete in the political arena. It is also through political parties that citizens, including former combatants, can involve themselves in politics and policymaking, as parties provide them with a structure for political participation and a channel for making their voices heard. Not all armed groups can become viable political parties. In this case, alternatives can be sought, including the establishment of a civil society organization aimed at advancing the cause of the group. However, if the transformation of armed groups into political parties is part of the conflict resolution process, reflected in a peace agreement, then the UN should provide support towards this end.DDR may affect the holding of or influence the outcome of elections in several ways: \\n Armed forces and groups that wield power through weapons and the threat of violence can influence the way people vote, affecting the free and fair nature of the elections. \\n Hybrid political \u2019parties\u2019 that are armed and able to organize violence retain the ability to challenge electoral results through force. \\n Armed groups may not have had the time nor space to transform into political actors. They may feel cheated if they are not able to participate fully in the process and revert to violence, as this is their usual way of challenging institutions or articulating grievances. \\n Women in armed groups may be excluded or marginalized as leadership roles and places in the political ranks are carved out.There is often a push for DDR to happen before elections are held. This may be a part of the sequencing of a peace process (signature of an agreement \u2013 DDR programme \u2013 elections), and in some cases completing DDR may be a pre-condition for holding polls. Delays in DDR may affect the timing of elections, or elections that are planned too early can result in a rushed DDR process, all of which may compromise the credi- bility of the broader peace process. Conversely, postponing elections until DDR is com- pleted can be difficult, especially given the long timeframes for DDR, and when there are large caseloads of combatants still to be demobilized or non-signatory movements are still active and can become spoilers. For these reasons DDR practitioners should consider the sequencing of DDR and elections and acknowledge that the interplay between them will have knock-on effects.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":329, "Sentence":"In this case, alternatives can be sought, including the establishment of a civil society organization aimed at advancing the cause of the group.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR case alternative sought including establishment civil society organization aimed advancing cause group ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.4 Elections and the transformation of armed groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Along with the signature of a peace agreement, elections are often seen as a symbol marking the end of the transition from war to peace. If they are to be truly representative and offer an alternative way of contesting power, politics must be demilitarized (\u201dtake the gun out of politics\u201d or go \u201cfrom bullet to ballot\u201d) and transform armed groups into viable political parties that compete in the political arena. It is also through political parties that citizens, including former combatants, can involve themselves in politics and policymaking, as parties provide them with a structure for political participation and a channel for making their voices heard. Not all armed groups can become viable political parties. In this case, alternatives can be sought, including the establishment of a civil society organization aimed at advancing the cause of the group. However, if the transformation of armed groups into political parties is part of the conflict resolution process, reflected in a peace agreement, then the UN should provide support towards this end.DDR may affect the holding of or influence the outcome of elections in several ways: \\n Armed forces and groups that wield power through weapons and the threat of violence can influence the way people vote, affecting the free and fair nature of the elections. \\n Hybrid political \u2019parties\u2019 that are armed and able to organize violence retain the ability to challenge electoral results through force. \\n Armed groups may not have had the time nor space to transform into political actors. They may feel cheated if they are not able to participate fully in the process and revert to violence, as this is their usual way of challenging institutions or articulating grievances. \\n Women in armed groups may be excluded or marginalized as leadership roles and places in the political ranks are carved out.There is often a push for DDR to happen before elections are held. This may be a part of the sequencing of a peace process (signature of an agreement \u2013 DDR programme \u2013 elections), and in some cases completing DDR may be a pre-condition for holding polls. Delays in DDR may affect the timing of elections, or elections that are planned too early can result in a rushed DDR process, all of which may compromise the credi- bility of the broader peace process. Conversely, postponing elections until DDR is com- pleted can be difficult, especially given the long timeframes for DDR, and when there are large caseloads of combatants still to be demobilized or non-signatory movements are still active and can become spoilers. For these reasons DDR practitioners should consider the sequencing of DDR and elections and acknowledge that the interplay between them will have knock-on effects.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":329, "Sentence":"However, if the transformation of armed groups into political parties is part of the conflict resolution process, reflected in a peace agreement, then the UN should provide support towards this end.DDR may affect the holding of or influence the outcome of elections in several ways: \\n Armed forces and groups that wield power through weapons and the threat of violence can influence the way people vote, affecting the free and fair nature of the elections.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR however transformation armed group political party part conflict resolution process reflected peace agreement un provide support towards end.ddr may affect holding influence outcome election several way n armed force group wield power weapon threat violence influence way people vote affecting free fair nature election ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.4 Elections and the transformation of armed groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Along with the signature of a peace agreement, elections are often seen as a symbol marking the end of the transition from war to peace. If they are to be truly representative and offer an alternative way of contesting power, politics must be demilitarized (\u201dtake the gun out of politics\u201d or go \u201cfrom bullet to ballot\u201d) and transform armed groups into viable political parties that compete in the political arena. It is also through political parties that citizens, including former combatants, can involve themselves in politics and policymaking, as parties provide them with a structure for political participation and a channel for making their voices heard. Not all armed groups can become viable political parties. In this case, alternatives can be sought, including the establishment of a civil society organization aimed at advancing the cause of the group. However, if the transformation of armed groups into political parties is part of the conflict resolution process, reflected in a peace agreement, then the UN should provide support towards this end.DDR may affect the holding of or influence the outcome of elections in several ways: \\n Armed forces and groups that wield power through weapons and the threat of violence can influence the way people vote, affecting the free and fair nature of the elections. \\n Hybrid political \u2019parties\u2019 that are armed and able to organize violence retain the ability to challenge electoral results through force. \\n Armed groups may not have had the time nor space to transform into political actors. They may feel cheated if they are not able to participate fully in the process and revert to violence, as this is their usual way of challenging institutions or articulating grievances. \\n Women in armed groups may be excluded or marginalized as leadership roles and places in the political ranks are carved out.There is often a push for DDR to happen before elections are held. This may be a part of the sequencing of a peace process (signature of an agreement \u2013 DDR programme \u2013 elections), and in some cases completing DDR may be a pre-condition for holding polls. Delays in DDR may affect the timing of elections, or elections that are planned too early can result in a rushed DDR process, all of which may compromise the credi- bility of the broader peace process. Conversely, postponing elections until DDR is com- pleted can be difficult, especially given the long timeframes for DDR, and when there are large caseloads of combatants still to be demobilized or non-signatory movements are still active and can become spoilers. For these reasons DDR practitioners should consider the sequencing of DDR and elections and acknowledge that the interplay between them will have knock-on effects.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":329, "Sentence":"\\n Hybrid political \u2019parties\u2019 that are armed and able to organize violence retain the ability to challenge electoral results through force.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR n hybrid political \u2019 party \u2019 armed able organize violence retain ability challenge electoral result force ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.4 Elections and the transformation of armed groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Along with the signature of a peace agreement, elections are often seen as a symbol marking the end of the transition from war to peace. If they are to be truly representative and offer an alternative way of contesting power, politics must be demilitarized (\u201dtake the gun out of politics\u201d or go \u201cfrom bullet to ballot\u201d) and transform armed groups into viable political parties that compete in the political arena. It is also through political parties that citizens, including former combatants, can involve themselves in politics and policymaking, as parties provide them with a structure for political participation and a channel for making their voices heard. Not all armed groups can become viable political parties. In this case, alternatives can be sought, including the establishment of a civil society organization aimed at advancing the cause of the group. However, if the transformation of armed groups into political parties is part of the conflict resolution process, reflected in a peace agreement, then the UN should provide support towards this end.DDR may affect the holding of or influence the outcome of elections in several ways: \\n Armed forces and groups that wield power through weapons and the threat of violence can influence the way people vote, affecting the free and fair nature of the elections. \\n Hybrid political \u2019parties\u2019 that are armed and able to organize violence retain the ability to challenge electoral results through force. \\n Armed groups may not have had the time nor space to transform into political actors. They may feel cheated if they are not able to participate fully in the process and revert to violence, as this is their usual way of challenging institutions or articulating grievances. \\n Women in armed groups may be excluded or marginalized as leadership roles and places in the political ranks are carved out.There is often a push for DDR to happen before elections are held. This may be a part of the sequencing of a peace process (signature of an agreement \u2013 DDR programme \u2013 elections), and in some cases completing DDR may be a pre-condition for holding polls. Delays in DDR may affect the timing of elections, or elections that are planned too early can result in a rushed DDR process, all of which may compromise the credi- bility of the broader peace process. Conversely, postponing elections until DDR is com- pleted can be difficult, especially given the long timeframes for DDR, and when there are large caseloads of combatants still to be demobilized or non-signatory movements are still active and can become spoilers. For these reasons DDR practitioners should consider the sequencing of DDR and elections and acknowledge that the interplay between them will have knock-on effects.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":329, "Sentence":"\\n Armed groups may not have had the time nor space to transform into political actors.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR n armed group may time space transform political actor ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.4 Elections and the transformation of armed groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Along with the signature of a peace agreement, elections are often seen as a symbol marking the end of the transition from war to peace. If they are to be truly representative and offer an alternative way of contesting power, politics must be demilitarized (\u201dtake the gun out of politics\u201d or go \u201cfrom bullet to ballot\u201d) and transform armed groups into viable political parties that compete in the political arena. It is also through political parties that citizens, including former combatants, can involve themselves in politics and policymaking, as parties provide them with a structure for political participation and a channel for making their voices heard. Not all armed groups can become viable political parties. In this case, alternatives can be sought, including the establishment of a civil society organization aimed at advancing the cause of the group. However, if the transformation of armed groups into political parties is part of the conflict resolution process, reflected in a peace agreement, then the UN should provide support towards this end.DDR may affect the holding of or influence the outcome of elections in several ways: \\n Armed forces and groups that wield power through weapons and the threat of violence can influence the way people vote, affecting the free and fair nature of the elections. \\n Hybrid political \u2019parties\u2019 that are armed and able to organize violence retain the ability to challenge electoral results through force. \\n Armed groups may not have had the time nor space to transform into political actors. They may feel cheated if they are not able to participate fully in the process and revert to violence, as this is their usual way of challenging institutions or articulating grievances. \\n Women in armed groups may be excluded or marginalized as leadership roles and places in the political ranks are carved out.There is often a push for DDR to happen before elections are held. This may be a part of the sequencing of a peace process (signature of an agreement \u2013 DDR programme \u2013 elections), and in some cases completing DDR may be a pre-condition for holding polls. Delays in DDR may affect the timing of elections, or elections that are planned too early can result in a rushed DDR process, all of which may compromise the credi- bility of the broader peace process. Conversely, postponing elections until DDR is com- pleted can be difficult, especially given the long timeframes for DDR, and when there are large caseloads of combatants still to be demobilized or non-signatory movements are still active and can become spoilers. For these reasons DDR practitioners should consider the sequencing of DDR and elections and acknowledge that the interplay between them will have knock-on effects.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":329, "Sentence":"They may feel cheated if they are not able to participate fully in the process and revert to violence, as this is their usual way of challenging institutions or articulating grievances.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR may feel cheated able participate fully process revert violence usual way challenging institution articulating grievance ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.4 Elections and the transformation of armed groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Along with the signature of a peace agreement, elections are often seen as a symbol marking the end of the transition from war to peace. If they are to be truly representative and offer an alternative way of contesting power, politics must be demilitarized (\u201dtake the gun out of politics\u201d or go \u201cfrom bullet to ballot\u201d) and transform armed groups into viable political parties that compete in the political arena. It is also through political parties that citizens, including former combatants, can involve themselves in politics and policymaking, as parties provide them with a structure for political participation and a channel for making their voices heard. Not all armed groups can become viable political parties. In this case, alternatives can be sought, including the establishment of a civil society organization aimed at advancing the cause of the group. However, if the transformation of armed groups into political parties is part of the conflict resolution process, reflected in a peace agreement, then the UN should provide support towards this end.DDR may affect the holding of or influence the outcome of elections in several ways: \\n Armed forces and groups that wield power through weapons and the threat of violence can influence the way people vote, affecting the free and fair nature of the elections. \\n Hybrid political \u2019parties\u2019 that are armed and able to organize violence retain the ability to challenge electoral results through force. \\n Armed groups may not have had the time nor space to transform into political actors. They may feel cheated if they are not able to participate fully in the process and revert to violence, as this is their usual way of challenging institutions or articulating grievances. \\n Women in armed groups may be excluded or marginalized as leadership roles and places in the political ranks are carved out.There is often a push for DDR to happen before elections are held. This may be a part of the sequencing of a peace process (signature of an agreement \u2013 DDR programme \u2013 elections), and in some cases completing DDR may be a pre-condition for holding polls. Delays in DDR may affect the timing of elections, or elections that are planned too early can result in a rushed DDR process, all of which may compromise the credi- bility of the broader peace process. Conversely, postponing elections until DDR is com- pleted can be difficult, especially given the long timeframes for DDR, and when there are large caseloads of combatants still to be demobilized or non-signatory movements are still active and can become spoilers. For these reasons DDR practitioners should consider the sequencing of DDR and elections and acknowledge that the interplay between them will have knock-on effects.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":329, "Sentence":"\\n Women in armed groups may be excluded or marginalized as leadership roles and places in the political ranks are carved out.There is often a push for DDR to happen before elections are held.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR n woman armed group may excluded marginalized leadership role place political rank carved out.there often push ddr happen election held ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.4 Elections and the transformation of armed groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Along with the signature of a peace agreement, elections are often seen as a symbol marking the end of the transition from war to peace. If they are to be truly representative and offer an alternative way of contesting power, politics must be demilitarized (\u201dtake the gun out of politics\u201d or go \u201cfrom bullet to ballot\u201d) and transform armed groups into viable political parties that compete in the political arena. It is also through political parties that citizens, including former combatants, can involve themselves in politics and policymaking, as parties provide them with a structure for political participation and a channel for making their voices heard. Not all armed groups can become viable political parties. In this case, alternatives can be sought, including the establishment of a civil society organization aimed at advancing the cause of the group. However, if the transformation of armed groups into political parties is part of the conflict resolution process, reflected in a peace agreement, then the UN should provide support towards this end.DDR may affect the holding of or influence the outcome of elections in several ways: \\n Armed forces and groups that wield power through weapons and the threat of violence can influence the way people vote, affecting the free and fair nature of the elections. \\n Hybrid political \u2019parties\u2019 that are armed and able to organize violence retain the ability to challenge electoral results through force. \\n Armed groups may not have had the time nor space to transform into political actors. They may feel cheated if they are not able to participate fully in the process and revert to violence, as this is their usual way of challenging institutions or articulating grievances. \\n Women in armed groups may be excluded or marginalized as leadership roles and places in the political ranks are carved out.There is often a push for DDR to happen before elections are held. This may be a part of the sequencing of a peace process (signature of an agreement \u2013 DDR programme \u2013 elections), and in some cases completing DDR may be a pre-condition for holding polls. Delays in DDR may affect the timing of elections, or elections that are planned too early can result in a rushed DDR process, all of which may compromise the credi- bility of the broader peace process. Conversely, postponing elections until DDR is com- pleted can be difficult, especially given the long timeframes for DDR, and when there are large caseloads of combatants still to be demobilized or non-signatory movements are still active and can become spoilers. For these reasons DDR practitioners should consider the sequencing of DDR and elections and acknowledge that the interplay between them will have knock-on effects.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":329, "Sentence":"This may be a part of the sequencing of a peace process (signature of an agreement \u2013 DDR programme \u2013 elections), and in some cases completing DDR may be a pre-condition for holding polls.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR may part sequencing peace process signature agreement \u2013 ddr programme \u2013 election case completing ddr may precondition holding poll ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.4 Elections and the transformation of armed groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Along with the signature of a peace agreement, elections are often seen as a symbol marking the end of the transition from war to peace. If they are to be truly representative and offer an alternative way of contesting power, politics must be demilitarized (\u201dtake the gun out of politics\u201d or go \u201cfrom bullet to ballot\u201d) and transform armed groups into viable political parties that compete in the political arena. It is also through political parties that citizens, including former combatants, can involve themselves in politics and policymaking, as parties provide them with a structure for political participation and a channel for making their voices heard. Not all armed groups can become viable political parties. In this case, alternatives can be sought, including the establishment of a civil society organization aimed at advancing the cause of the group. However, if the transformation of armed groups into political parties is part of the conflict resolution process, reflected in a peace agreement, then the UN should provide support towards this end.DDR may affect the holding of or influence the outcome of elections in several ways: \\n Armed forces and groups that wield power through weapons and the threat of violence can influence the way people vote, affecting the free and fair nature of the elections. \\n Hybrid political \u2019parties\u2019 that are armed and able to organize violence retain the ability to challenge electoral results through force. \\n Armed groups may not have had the time nor space to transform into political actors. They may feel cheated if they are not able to participate fully in the process and revert to violence, as this is their usual way of challenging institutions or articulating grievances. \\n Women in armed groups may be excluded or marginalized as leadership roles and places in the political ranks are carved out.There is often a push for DDR to happen before elections are held. This may be a part of the sequencing of a peace process (signature of an agreement \u2013 DDR programme \u2013 elections), and in some cases completing DDR may be a pre-condition for holding polls. Delays in DDR may affect the timing of elections, or elections that are planned too early can result in a rushed DDR process, all of which may compromise the credi- bility of the broader peace process. Conversely, postponing elections until DDR is com- pleted can be difficult, especially given the long timeframes for DDR, and when there are large caseloads of combatants still to be demobilized or non-signatory movements are still active and can become spoilers. For these reasons DDR practitioners should consider the sequencing of DDR and elections and acknowledge that the interplay between them will have knock-on effects.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":329, "Sentence":"Delays in DDR may affect the timing of elections, or elections that are planned too early can result in a rushed DDR process, all of which may compromise the credi- bility of the broader peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR delay ddr may affect timing election election planned early result rushed ddr process may compromise credi bility broader peace process ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.4 Elections and the transformation of armed groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Along with the signature of a peace agreement, elections are often seen as a symbol marking the end of the transition from war to peace. If they are to be truly representative and offer an alternative way of contesting power, politics must be demilitarized (\u201dtake the gun out of politics\u201d or go \u201cfrom bullet to ballot\u201d) and transform armed groups into viable political parties that compete in the political arena. It is also through political parties that citizens, including former combatants, can involve themselves in politics and policymaking, as parties provide them with a structure for political participation and a channel for making their voices heard. Not all armed groups can become viable political parties. In this case, alternatives can be sought, including the establishment of a civil society organization aimed at advancing the cause of the group. However, if the transformation of armed groups into political parties is part of the conflict resolution process, reflected in a peace agreement, then the UN should provide support towards this end.DDR may affect the holding of or influence the outcome of elections in several ways: \\n Armed forces and groups that wield power through weapons and the threat of violence can influence the way people vote, affecting the free and fair nature of the elections. \\n Hybrid political \u2019parties\u2019 that are armed and able to organize violence retain the ability to challenge electoral results through force. \\n Armed groups may not have had the time nor space to transform into political actors. They may feel cheated if they are not able to participate fully in the process and revert to violence, as this is their usual way of challenging institutions or articulating grievances. \\n Women in armed groups may be excluded or marginalized as leadership roles and places in the political ranks are carved out.There is often a push for DDR to happen before elections are held. This may be a part of the sequencing of a peace process (signature of an agreement \u2013 DDR programme \u2013 elections), and in some cases completing DDR may be a pre-condition for holding polls. Delays in DDR may affect the timing of elections, or elections that are planned too early can result in a rushed DDR process, all of which may compromise the credi- bility of the broader peace process. Conversely, postponing elections until DDR is com- pleted can be difficult, especially given the long timeframes for DDR, and when there are large caseloads of combatants still to be demobilized or non-signatory movements are still active and can become spoilers. For these reasons DDR practitioners should consider the sequencing of DDR and elections and acknowledge that the interplay between them will have knock-on effects.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":329, "Sentence":"Conversely, postponing elections until DDR is com- pleted can be difficult, especially given the long timeframes for DDR, and when there are large caseloads of combatants still to be demobilized or non-signatory movements are still active and can become spoilers.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR conversely postponing election ddr com pleted difficult especially given long timeframes ddr large caseloads combatant still demobilized nonsignatory movement still active become spoiler ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.20-The-Politics-of-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Designing politically sensitive DDR processes ", "Heading2":"8.3 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"8.3.4 Elections and the transformation of armed groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The Politics of DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Along with the signature of a peace agreement, elections are often seen as a symbol marking the end of the transition from war to peace. If they are to be truly representative and offer an alternative way of contesting power, politics must be demilitarized (\u201dtake the gun out of politics\u201d or go \u201cfrom bullet to ballot\u201d) and transform armed groups into viable political parties that compete in the political arena. It is also through political parties that citizens, including former combatants, can involve themselves in politics and policymaking, as parties provide them with a structure for political participation and a channel for making their voices heard. Not all armed groups can become viable political parties. In this case, alternatives can be sought, including the establishment of a civil society organization aimed at advancing the cause of the group. However, if the transformation of armed groups into political parties is part of the conflict resolution process, reflected in a peace agreement, then the UN should provide support towards this end.DDR may affect the holding of or influence the outcome of elections in several ways: \\n Armed forces and groups that wield power through weapons and the threat of violence can influence the way people vote, affecting the free and fair nature of the elections. \\n Hybrid political \u2019parties\u2019 that are armed and able to organize violence retain the ability to challenge electoral results through force. \\n Armed groups may not have had the time nor space to transform into political actors. They may feel cheated if they are not able to participate fully in the process and revert to violence, as this is their usual way of challenging institutions or articulating grievances. \\n Women in armed groups may be excluded or marginalized as leadership roles and places in the political ranks are carved out.There is often a push for DDR to happen before elections are held. This may be a part of the sequencing of a peace process (signature of an agreement \u2013 DDR programme \u2013 elections), and in some cases completing DDR may be a pre-condition for holding polls. Delays in DDR may affect the timing of elections, or elections that are planned too early can result in a rushed DDR process, all of which may compromise the credi- bility of the broader peace process. Conversely, postponing elections until DDR is com- pleted can be difficult, especially given the long timeframes for DDR, and when there are large caseloads of combatants still to be demobilized or non-signatory movements are still active and can become spoilers. For these reasons DDR practitioners should consider the sequencing of DDR and elections and acknowledge that the interplay between them will have knock-on effects.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":329, "Sentence":"For these reasons DDR practitioners should consider the sequencing of DDR and elections and acknowledge that the interplay between them will have knock-on effects.", "ProcessedSent":"The Politics of DDR reason ddr practitioner consider sequencing ddr election acknowledge interplay knockon effect ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR integrated disarmament demobilization reintegration ddr part united nation un system \u2019 multidimensional approach contributes entire peace continuum prevention conflict resolution peacekeeping peacebuilding development ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR integrated ddr process made various combination nddr programme nddrrelated tool nreintegration support including complementing ddrrelated tools.ddr practitioner select appropriate measure applied basis thorough analysis particular context ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR coordination key integrated ddr predicated mechanism guarantee synergy common purpose among un actors.the integrated ddr standard iddrs contained document compilation un \u2019 knowledge experience field ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR show integrated ddr process contribute preventing conflict escalation supporting political process building security protecting civilian promoting gender equality addressing root cause reconstructing social fabric developing human capacity ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR integrated ddr heart peacebuilding aim contribute longterm security stability.within un integrated ddr take place partnership member state mission nonmission setting including peace operation mandated cooperation agency fund programme ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR country region integrated ddr process implemented focus capacitybuilding regional national local level order encourage sustainable regional national and\/or local ownership peacebuilding measures.integrated ddr process work towards sustaining peace ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR whereas peacebuilding activity typically understood response conflict already broken sustaining peace approach recognizes need work along entire peace continuum towards prevention conflict occurs ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR way un support capacity institution attitude help community resolve conflict peacefully ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR implication working along peace continuum particularly important provision reintegration support ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR part sustaining peace approach individual leaving armed group supported postconflict situation also conflict escalation ongoing conflict.communitybased approach reintegration support particular wellpositioned operationalize sustaining peace approach ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR address need former combatant person formerly associated armed force group receiving community necessitating multidimensional\/sectoral expertise several un regional actor across humanitarianpeacedevelopment nexus see iddrs 2.40 reintegration part sustaining peace.integrated ddr also characterized flexibility including funding structure adapt quickly dynamic often volatile conflict postconflict environment ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support whichever combination implemented shall synchronized integrated coordination mechanism carefully monitored evaluated effectiveness sensitivity conflict dynamic potential unintended effects.five category people taken consideration integrated ddr process participant beneficiary depending context n1 ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR member armed force group served combat and\/or support role support role often referred associated armed force group n2 ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"abductees or victims; \\n3.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR abductees victim n3 ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"dependents\/families; \\n4.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR dependents\/families n4 ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR civilian returnees \u2018 selfdemobilized \u2019 n5 ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR community members.in five category consideration given addressing specific need capacity woman youth child person disability person chronic illness ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR particular unconditional immediate release child associated armed force group must priority ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR child must supported demobilize reintegrate family community time irrespective status peace negotiation and\/or development ddr programme ddrrelated tools.ddr programme consist set related measure particular aim falling operational category disarmament demobilization reintegration ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR disarmament ddrrelated weapon control activity aim reduce number illicit weapon ammunition explosive circulation important element responding addressing driver conflict ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR demobilization including provision tailored reinsertion package crucial discharging combatant support role structure armed force group ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR furthermore ddr programme emphasize developmental impact sustainable inclusive reintegration positive effect consolidation longlasting peace security.lessons experience shown following precondition required implementation viable ddr programme nthe signing negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement provides framework ddr ntrust peace process nwillingness party armed conflict engage ddr na minimum guarantee security.when precondition place ddr programme provides common result framework coordination management implementation ddr national government support un system regional local stakeholder ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ddr programme establishes outcome output activity input required organizes costing requirement budget set monitoring evaluation framework including identifying indicator target milestones.in addition ddr programme un developed set ddrrelated tool aiming provide immediate targeted response ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR include preddr transitional weapon ammunition management wam community violence reduction cvr initiative prevent individual joining armed group designated terrorist organization ddr support mediation ddr support transitional security arrangement ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR addition support programme leaving armed group labelled and\/or designated terrorist organization may also provided ddr practitioner compliance international standards.the specific aim ddrrelated tool vary according context contribute broader political peacebuilding effort line united nation security council general assembly mandate broader strategic framework united nation sustainable development cooperation framework unsdcf humanitarian response plan hrp and\/or integrated strategic framework ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR gender childsensitive approach applied planning implementation monitoring ddrrelated tools.ddrrelated tool may applied ddr programme complementary measure ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR however may also used precondition ddr programme place ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR occurs particularly important delimit boundary integrated ddr process ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR integrated ddr process without ddr programme include ongoing stabilization recovery measure ddrrelated tool cvr transitional wam forth reintegration effort directly respond presence active and\/or former member armed group ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR clear ddr mandate specific request ddr assistance also define parameter scope integrated ddr processes.the un approach integrated ddr recognizes need provide support reintegration precondition ddr programme present ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR context reintegration may take place alongside\/following ddrrelated tool ddrrelated tool use ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR aim support facilitate sustainable reintegration leaving armed force group ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR moreover part sustaining peace approach communitybased reintegration programme also aim contribute preventing recruitment sustaining peace supporting community return restoring social relation avoiding perception inequitable access resource ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR context exit armed group reintegration adult excombatants supported time even absence ddr programme.support sustainable reintegration address need affected group harness capacity either part ddr programme requires thorough understanding driver conflict specific need men woman child youth coping mechanism opportunity peace ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR reintegration assistance ensure transition individually focused community approach ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR resource applied benefit community balanced manner minimizing stigmatization former armed group member contributing reconciliation reconstruction social fabric ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR nonmission context funding mechanism linked peacekeeping assessed budget use ddrrelated tool even initial planning phase coordinated communitybased reintegration support order ensure sustainability.together ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support provide menu option ddr practitioner ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR aforementioned precondition place ddrrelated tool may used alongside ddr programme ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ddrrelated tool and\/or reintegration support may also applied absence precondition and\/or following determination ddr programme appropriate context ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary).", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR case ddrrelated tool may serve build trust among party contribute secure environment possibly even paving way ddr programme future still necessary ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peace-building and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: \\nDDR programmes; \\nDDR-related tools; \\nReintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors.The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability.Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and\/or local ownership and other peace-building measures.Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peace-building activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict.Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well-positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional\/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects.Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees or victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security.Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability.Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and\/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":330, "Sentence":"Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required.When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR notably ddrrelated tool applied explicit intent creating precondition ddr programme combination topdown bottomup measure e.g . cvr coupled ddr support mediation may required.when precondition ddr programme place ddrrelated tool support reintegration effort shall implemented line applicable legal framework key principle integrated ddr defined standard ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"This module outlines the reasons behind integrated DDR, defines the elements that makeup DDR programmes as agreed by the UN General Assembly, and establishes how the UN views integrated DDR processes. The module also defines the UN approach to integrated DDR for both mission and non-mission settings, which is: \\nvoluntary; \\npeople-centred; \\ngender-responsive and inclusive; \\nconflict-sensitive; \\ncontext-specific; \\nflexible, accountable and transparent; \\nnationally and locally owned; \\nregionally supported; \\nintegrated; and \\nwell planned.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":331, "Sentence":"This module outlines the reasons behind integrated DDR, defines the elements that makeup DDR programmes as agreed by the UN General Assembly, and establishes how the UN views integrated DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR module outline reason behind integrated ddr defines element makeup ddr programme agreed un general assembly establishes un view integrated ddr process ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"This module outlines the reasons behind integrated DDR, defines the elements that makeup DDR programmes as agreed by the UN General Assembly, and establishes how the UN views integrated DDR processes. The module also defines the UN approach to integrated DDR for both mission and non-mission settings, which is: \\nvoluntary; \\npeople-centred; \\ngender-responsive and inclusive; \\nconflict-sensitive; \\ncontext-specific; \\nflexible, accountable and transparent; \\nnationally and locally owned; \\nregionally supported; \\nintegrated; and \\nwell planned.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":331, "Sentence":"The module also defines the UN approach to integrated DDR for both mission and non-mission settings, which is: \\nvoluntary; \\npeople-centred; \\ngender-responsive and inclusive; \\nconflict-sensitive; \\ncontext-specific; \\nflexible, accountable and transparent; \\nnationally and locally owned; \\nregionally supported; \\nintegrated; and \\nwell planned.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR module also defines un approach integrated ddr mission nonmission setting nvoluntary npeoplecentred ngenderresponsive inclusive nconflictsensitive ncontextspecific nflexible accountable transparent nnationally locally owned nregionally supported nintegrated nwell planned ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A\/RES\/59\/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":332, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR annex contains list abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A\/RES\/59\/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":332, "Sentence":"A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR complete glossary term definition abbreviation used iddrs series given iddrs 1.20.in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A\/RES\/59\/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":332, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR use consistent language used international organization standardization iso standard guideline ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A\/RES\/59\/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":332, "Sentence":"\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard b ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A\/RES\/59\/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":332, "Sentence":"\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31).", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification c. \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action d. \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability e. \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation.a ddr programme contains element set secretarygeneral may 2005 note general assembly a\/c.5\/59\/31 ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A\/RES\/59\/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":332, "Sentence":"(See box below.)", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR see box ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A\/RES\/59\/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":332, "Sentence":"These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR definition also used drawing budget un member state agreed fund disarmament demobilization including reinsertion phase ddr programme peacekeeping assessed budget ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A\/RES\/59\/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":332, "Sentence":"These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A\/RES\/59\/296).", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR budgetary aspect also reflected general assembly resolution crosscutting issue including ddr a\/res\/59\/296 ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A\/RES\/59\/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":332, "Sentence":"Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR review united nation peacebuilding architecture woman peace security agenda refer full unencumbered participation woman phase ddr programme excombatants person formerly associated armed force groups.ddrrelated tool immediate targeted measure may used alongside ddr programme precondition ddrprogrammes place ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A\/RES\/59\/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":332, "Sentence":"These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR include preddr transitional weapon ammunition management wam community violence reduction cvr initiative prevent individual joining armed group designated terrorist organization ddr support mediation ddr support transitional security arrangement ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A\/RES\/59\/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":332, "Sentence":"In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR addition support programme leaving armed group labelled and\/or designated terrorist organization may provided ddr practitioner compliance international standards.reintegration support including complementing ddrrelated tool un provide support reintegration former member armed force group part ddr programme also absence programme conflict escalation conflict postconflict ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A\/RES\/59\/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":332, "Sentence":"In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR context reintegration may take place alongside\/following ddrrelated tool ddrrelated tool use ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A\/RES\/59\/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":332, "Sentence":"The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR aim support facilitate sustainable reintegration leaving armed force group ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A\/RES\/59\/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":332, "Sentence":"Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR moreover part sustaining peace approach communitybased reintegration programme also aim contribute dynamic aim prevent recruitment sustain peace supporting community return restoring social relation avoiding perception inequitable access resources.integrated ddr process made different combination ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support including complementing ddrrelated tool ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A\/RES\/59\/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":332, "Sentence":"These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR different measure applied integrated manner joint mechanism guarantee coordination synergy among un actor ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A\/RES\/59\/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":332, "Sentence":"The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR un shall use concept abbreviation \u2018 ddr \u2019 comprehensive term referring integrated ddr including ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A\/RES\/59\/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":332, "Sentence":"Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR importantly integrated ddr process without ddr programme include ongoing stabilization recovery measure ddrrelated tool cvr transitional wam forth reintegration effort directly respond presence active and\/or former member armed group ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A\/RES\/59\/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards.Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside\/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources.Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":332, "Sentence":"Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR clear ddr mandate specific request ddr assistance also define parameter scope integrated ddr process ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"DEFINITIONS OF DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION", "Heading3":"DISARMAMENT", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":333, "Sentence":"Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR disarmament collection documentation control disposal small arm ammunition explosive light heavy weapon combatant often also civilian population ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"DEFINITIONS OF DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION", "Heading3":"DISARMAMENT", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":333, "Sentence":"Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR disarmament also includes development responsible arm management programme ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"DEFINITIONS OF DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION", "Heading3":"DEMOBILIZATION", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may extend from the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":334, "Sentence":"Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR demobilization formal controlled discharge active combatant armed force armed group ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"DEFINITIONS OF DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION", "Heading3":"DEMOBILIZATION", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may extend from the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":334, "Sentence":"The first stage of demobilization may extend from the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks).", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR first stage demobilization may extend processing individual combatant temporary centre massing troop camp designated purpose cantonment site encampment assembly area barrack ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"DEFINITIONS OF DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION", "Heading3":"DEMOBILIZATION", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may extend from the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":334, "Sentence":"The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR second stage demobilization encompasses support package provided demobilized called reinsertion ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"DEFINITIONS OF DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION", "Heading3":"REINSERTION", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. Reinsertion is short-term material and\/or financial assistance to meet immediate needs and can last up to one year.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":335, "Sentence":"Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR reinsertion assistance offered excombatants demobilization prior longerterm process reintegration ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"DEFINITIONS OF DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION", "Heading3":"REINSERTION", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. Reinsertion is short-term material and\/or financial assistance to meet immediate needs and can last up to one year.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":335, "Sentence":"Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR reinsertion form transitional assistance help cover basic need excombatants family include transitional safety allowance food clothes shelter medical service shortterm education training employment tool ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"DEFINITIONS OF DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION", "Heading3":"REINSERTION", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. Reinsertion is short-term material and\/or financial assistance to meet immediate needs and can last up to one year.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":335, "Sentence":"Reinsertion is short-term material and\/or financial assistance to meet immediate needs and can last up to one year.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR reinsertion shortterm material and\/or financial assistance meet immediate need last one year ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"DEFINITIONS OF DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION", "Heading3":"REINTEGRATION", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance. \\n\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 Note, the Third Report of the Secretary-General on DDR (2011) includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration \u2026 is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including interventions, such as psychosocial support, mental health counseling and clinical treatment and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/ transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, it emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature \u2026 the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201d \\n\\nNote by the Secretary-General on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations, 24 May 2005 (A\/C.5\/59\/31); Third report of the Secretary-General on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":336, "Sentence":"Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR reintegration process excombatants acquire civilian status gain sustainable employment income ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"DEFINITIONS OF DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION", "Heading3":"REINTEGRATION", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance. \\n\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 Note, the Third Report of the Secretary-General on DDR (2011) includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration \u2026 is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including interventions, such as psychosocial support, mental health counseling and clinical treatment and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/ transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, it emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature \u2026 the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201d \\n\\nNote by the Secretary-General on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations, 24 May 2005 (A\/C.5\/59\/31); Third report of the Secretary-General on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":336, "Sentence":"Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR reintegration essentially social economic process open time frame primarily taking place community local level ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"DEFINITIONS OF DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION", "Heading3":"REINTEGRATION", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance. \\n\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 Note, the Third Report of the Secretary-General on DDR (2011) includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration \u2026 is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including interventions, such as psychosocial support, mental health counseling and clinical treatment and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/ transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, it emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature \u2026 the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201d \\n\\nNote by the Secretary-General on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations, 24 May 2005 (A\/C.5\/59\/31); Third report of the Secretary-General on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":336, "Sentence":"It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR part general development country national responsibility often necessitates longterm external assistance ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"DEFINITIONS OF DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION", "Heading3":"REINTEGRATION", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance. \\n\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 Note, the Third Report of the Secretary-General on DDR (2011) includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration \u2026 is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including interventions, such as psychosocial support, mental health counseling and clinical treatment and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/ transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, it emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature \u2026 the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201d \\n\\nNote by the Secretary-General on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations, 24 May 2005 (A\/C.5\/59\/31); Third report of the Secretary-General on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":336, "Sentence":"\\n\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 Note, the Third Report of the Secretary-General on DDR (2011) includes revised policy and guidance.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR nnrecognizing new development reintegration excombatants associated group since release 2005 note third report secretarygeneral ddr 2011 includes revised policy guidance ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"DEFINITIONS OF DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION", "Heading3":"REINTEGRATION", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance. \\n\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 Note, the Third Report of the Secretary-General on DDR (2011) includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration \u2026 is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including interventions, such as psychosocial support, mental health counseling and clinical treatment and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/ transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, it emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature \u2026 the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201d \\n\\nNote by the Secretary-General on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations, 24 May 2005 (A\/C.5\/59\/31); Third report of the Secretary-General on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":336, "Sentence":"It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR observes \u201c country economic aspect central sufficient sustainable reintegration excombatants ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"DEFINITIONS OF DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION", "Heading3":"REINTEGRATION", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance. \\n\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 Note, the Third Report of the Secretary-General on DDR (2011) includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration \u2026 is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including interventions, such as psychosocial support, mental health counseling and clinical treatment and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/ transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, it emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature \u2026 the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201d \\n\\nNote by the Secretary-General on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations, 24 May 2005 (A\/C.5\/59\/31); Third report of the Secretary-General on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":336, "Sentence":"Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration \u2026 is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including interventions, such as psychosocial support, mental health counseling and clinical treatment and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/ transitional justice and participation in political processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR serious consideration social political aspect reintegration \u2026 also crucial sustainability success reintegration programme \u201d including intervention psychosocial support mental health counseling clinical treatment medical health support well reconciliation access justice\/ transitional justice participation political process ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"DEFINITIONS OF DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION", "Heading3":"REINTEGRATION", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance. \\n\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 Note, the Third Report of the Secretary-General on DDR (2011) includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration \u2026 is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including interventions, such as psychosocial support, mental health counseling and clinical treatment and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/ transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, it emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature \u2026 the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201d \\n\\nNote by the Secretary-General on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations, 24 May 2005 (A\/C.5\/59\/31); Third report of the Secretary-General on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":336, "Sentence":"Additionally, it emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature \u2026 the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201d \\n\\nNote by the Secretary-General on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations, 24 May 2005 (A\/C.5\/59\/31); Third report of the Secretary-General on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR additionally emphasizes \u201c reintegration programme supported united nation timebound nature \u2026 reintegration excombatants associated group longterm process take place individual community national regional level dependent upon wider recovery development. \u201d nnnote secretarygeneral administrative budgetary aspect financing un peacekeeping operation 24 may 2005 a\/c.5\/59\/31 third report secretarygeneral disarmament demobilization reintegration 21 march 2011 a\/65\/741" }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ddr implemented partnership member state draw expertise wide range stakeholder integrated approach vital ensure actor working harmony towards end ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR past experience highlighted need involved planning implementing ddr monitoring impact work together complementary way avoids unnecessary duplication effort competition fund resource see iddrs 3.10 integrated ddr planning.the un \u2019 integrated approach ddr guided several policy agenda frame un \u2019 work peace security development echoing brahimi report a\/55\/305 s\/2000\/809 highlevel independent panel peace operation hippo june 2015 recommended common realistic understanding mandate including required capability standard improve design delivery peace operation ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR integrated ddr part effort based joint analysis comprehensive approach coordinated policy ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support.the sustaining peace approach \u2013 manifested general assembly security council twin resolution review united nation peacebuilding architecture general assembly resolution 70\/262 security council resolution 2282 2016 \u2013 underscore mutually reinforcing relationship prevention sustaining peace recognizing effective peacebuilding must involve entire un system ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR also emphasizes importance joint analysis effective strategic planning across un system longterm engagement conflictaffected country appropriate cooperation coordination regional subregional organization well international financial institution ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"\\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR nintegrated ddr also need understood concrete direct contribution implementation sustainable development goal sdgs ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR sdgs underpinned principle leaving one behind ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR 2030 agenda sustainable development explicitly link development peace security sdg 16 nsdg 16.1 significantly reduce form violence related death rate everywhere ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"\\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR nsdg 16.4 2030 significantly reduce illicit financial arm flow strengthen recovery return stolen asset combat form organized crime ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"\\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR nsdg 8.7 take immediate step \u2026secure prohibition elimination child labour including recruitment use child soldier 2015 end child labour form ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"\\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR nngenderresponsive ddr also contributes nsdg 5.1 end form discrimination woman ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"\\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR nsdg 5.2 eliminate form violence woman girl public private space including trafficking sexual type exploitation ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"\\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR nsdg 5.6 ensure universal access sexual reproductive health reproductive rights.the quadrennial comprehensive policy review a\/71\/243 21 december 2016 para ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR 14 state \u201c comprehensive wholeofsystem response including greater cooperation complementarity among development disaster risk reduction humanitarian action sustaining peace fundamental efficiently effectively addressing need attaining sustainable development goals. \u201d moreover integrated ddr often take place amid protracted humanitarian context since 2016 world humanitarian summit commitment action framed various initiative recognize need strengthen humanitarian development peace nexus ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR initiative \u2013 grand bargain new way working nwow global compact refugee \u2013 call humanitarian development peace stakeholder identify shared priority collective outcome serve common framework guide respective planning process ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR context un system implement approach integrated ddr process contribute achievement collective outcomes.in context \u2013 humanitarian development peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human right including gender equality pivotal unsupported integrated ddr ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR universal declaration human right udhr unga 217 1948 international covenant civil political right international covenant economic social cultural right form international bill human right ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR fundamental instrument combined various treaty convention including limited convention elimination discrimination woman cedaw international convention elimination form racial discrimination united nation convention right child united nation convention torture establish obligation government promote protect human right fundamental freedom individual group applicable throughout integrated ddr ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR work united nation context conducted auspex upholding body law promoting protecting right ddr participant community integrate assisting state carrying responsibilities.at time secretarygeneral \u2019 action peacekeeping a4p initiative launched march 2018 core agenda peacekeeping reform seek refocus peacekeeping realistic expectation make peacekeeping mission stronger safer mobilize greater support political solution wellstructured wellequipped welltrained force ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR relation need integrated ddr solution a4p declaration shared commitment shared secretarygeneral 16 august 2018 call inclusion engagement civil society segment local population peacekeeping mandate implementation ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR addition includes commitment related strengthening national ownership capacity ensuring integrated analysis planning seeking greater coherence among un system actor including joint platform global focal point police justice correction ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR relatedly secretarygeneral \u2019 agenda disarmament launched may 2018 also call \u201c disarmament save life \u201d including new effort rein use explosive weapon populated area \u2013 common standard collection data collateral harm sharing policy practice.the un general assembly security council called part un system promote gender equality empowerment woman within mandate ensuring commitment made translated progress ground gender policy iddrs ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR concretely unscr 1325 2000 encourages involved planning disarmament demobilization reintegration consider distinct need female male excombatants take account need dependent ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR global study 1325 reflected unscr 2242 2015 also recommends mission planning include genderresponsive ddr programmes.furthermore security council resolution 2282 2016 review united nation peacebuilding architecture review woman peace security highlevel panel peace operation hippo note importance woman \u2019 role sustaining peace ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR unscr 2282 highlight importance woman \u2019 leadership participation conflict prevention resolution peacebuilding recognizing continued need increase representation woman decisionmaking level including negotiation implementation ddr programme ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR un general assembly resolution 70\/304 call woman \u2019 participation negotiator peace process including incorporating ddr provision secretarygeneral \u2019 sevenpoint action plan genderresponsive peacebuilding call 15 funding support postconflict peacebuilding project earmarked womenen \u2019 empowerment genderequality programming ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A\/55\/305; S\/2000\/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. \\nIntegrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is \\nSDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. \\nSDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. \\nSDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. \\n\\nGender-responsive DDR also contributes to: \\nSDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. \\nSDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. \\nSDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights.The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A\/71\/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201dMoreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes.In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities.At the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice.The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes.Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70\/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven-Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for womenen\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":337, "Sentence":"Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR finally secretarygeneral \u2019 agenda disarmament call state incorporate gender perspective development national legislation policy disarmament arm control \u2013 particular gendered aspect ownership use misuse arm differentiated impact weapon woman men way gender role shape arm control disarmament policy practice ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR un \u2019 integrated approach ddr applicable mission nonmission context emphasizes role ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support including complementing ddrrelated tools.the unconditional immediate release child associated armed force group must priority ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR child must supported demobilize reintegrate family community time irrespective status peace negotiation and\/or development ddr programme ddrrelated tools.ddr programme consist range activity falling operational category disarmament demobilization reintegration ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"(See definitions above.)", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR see definition ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR programme typically topdown designed implement term peace agreement armed group government.the un view ddr programme integral part peacebuilding effort ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ddr programme focus postconflict security problem arises combatant left without livelihood support network vital period stretching conflict peace recovery development ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ddr programme also help build national capacity longterm reintegration human security recognize need contribute right reparation guarantee nonrepetition see iddrs 6.20 ddr transitional justice.ddr programme complex endeavour political military security humanitarian socioeconomic dimension ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR establishment ddr programme usually agreed defined within ceasefire ending hostility comprehensive peace agreement ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR provides political policy operational framework ddr programme ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR generally lesson experience shown following precondition required implementation viable ddr programmeddr programme complex endeavour political military security humanitarian socioeconomic dimension ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR establishment ddr programme usually agreed defined within ceasefire ending hostility comprehensive peace agreement ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR provides political policy operational framework ddr programme ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR generally lesson experience shown following precondition required implementation viable ddr programme nthe signing negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement provides framework nddr ntrust peace process nwillingness party armed conflict engage ddr na minimum guarantee security.ddr programme provide framework coordination management implementation national government support un system international financial institution regional stakeholder ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR establish expected outcome output activity required organize costing requirement budget set monitoring evaluation framework identifying indicator target milestones.the un \u2019 integrated approach ddr acknowledges planning ddr programme shall initiated early possible even ceasefire and\/or peace agreement signed sufficient trust built peace process minimum condition security reached enable party conflict engage willingly ddr see iddrs 3.10 integrated ddr planning.ddr programme alone resolve conflict prevent violence programme need firmly anchored overall political peacebuilding strategy ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR however ddr programme contribute security stability element political peacebuilding strategy election powersharing weapon ammunition management security sector reform ssr rule law reform proceed see iddrs 6.10 ddr ssr.ddr programme alone resolve conflict prevent violence programme need firmly anchored overall political peacebuilding strategy ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR however ddr programme contribute security stability element political peacebuilding strategy election powersharing weapon ammunition management security sector reform ssr rule law reform proceed see iddrs 6.10 ddr ssr.in recent year ddr practitioner increasingly deployed setting precondition ddr programme place ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR context peace agreement may signed armed group lost trust peace process reneged term deal ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR setting multiple armed group may sign peace agreement others ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR context violent extremism conducive terrorism peace agreement remote possibility.it solely lack ceasefire agreement peace process make integrated ddr challenging also proliferation diversification armed group including link transnational network organized crime ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR phenomenon violent extremism conducive terrorism creates legal operational challenge integrated ddr result requires specific guidance ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"(For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.)", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR legal guidance pertinent un approach ddr see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR support programme individual leaving armed group labelled and\/or designated terrorist organization among thing predicated comprehensive screening process based international standard including international human right obligation national justice framework ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR universally agreed upon definition \u2018 terrorism \u2019 associated term \u2018 violent extremism \u2019 ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR nevertheless 19 international instrument terrorism agree definition terrorist acts\/offenses binding member state party convention well security council resolution describe terrorist act ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR practitioner solid grounding evolving international counterterrorism framework established united nation global counterterrorism strategy relevant general assembly security council resolution mandate secretarygeneral \u2019 plan action prevent violent extremism.in response challenge ddr practitioner may contribute stabilization initiative use ddrrelated tool ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR specific aim ddrrelated tool vary according context contribute broader political peacebuilding effort line united nation security council general assembly mandate broader strategic framework united nation sustainable development cooperation framework unsdcf humanitarian response plan hrp and\/or integrated strategic framework ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR gender childsensitive approach applied planning implementation monitoring ddrrelated tools.ddrrelated tool may applied ddr programme complementary measure ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR however may also used precondition ddr programme place ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR occurs particularly important delimit boundary integrated ddr process ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR integrated ddr process without ddr programme include ongoing stabilization recovery measure ddrrelated tool cvr transitional wam forth reintegration effort directly respond presence active and\/or former member armed group ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR clear ddr mandate specific request ddr assistance also define parameter scope integrated ddr processes.the un \u2019 integrated approach ddr recognizes need provide support reintegration precondition ddr programme present ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR line sustaining peace approach mean un provide longterm support reintegration take place absence ddr programme conflict escalation ongoing conflict postconflict reconstruction see iddrs 2.40 reintegration part sustaining peace ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR first goal support facilitate sustainable reintegration leaving armed force group ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR however part sustaining peace approach communitybased reintegration programme also aim contribute dynamic aim prevent future recruitment sustain peace.in regard opportunity seized prevent relapse conflict form violence including tackling root cause understanding peace dynamic ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR appropriate linkage also established local national stabilization recovery development plan ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR reintegration support part sustaining peace integral part ddr programme also follows ssr armed force police rightsized complement ddrrelated tool cvr sustainable measure provided person formerly associated armed group labelled and\/or designated terrorist organizations.in sum country active armed conflict emerging armed conflict ddr programme related tool reintegration support contribute stabilization effort addressing gender inequality exacerbated conflict creating environment peace process political social reconciliation access livelihood sustainable decent work longterm development take root ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR precondition ddr programme place ddr combatant armed force group help establish climate confidence security necessity recovery activity begin directly yield tangible benefit population ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR precondition ddr programme place practitioner may choose set ddrrelated tool measure support reintegration contribute stabilization help make return stability tangible create conducive environment national local peace process ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"4. The UN DDR approach", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools.The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government.The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme:DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: \\nthe signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for \\nDDR; \\ntrust in the peace process; \\nwillingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\na minimum guarantee of security.DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and\/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power-sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility.It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts\/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism.In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace.In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and\/or designated as terrorist organizations.In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":338, "Sentence":"As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR integrated ddr process seen integral part effort consolidate peace promote stability merely set sequenced technical programme activity ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"5.2 DDR in non-mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Overall, integrated DDR has evolved beyond support to national, linear and sequenced DDR programmes, to become a process addressing the entire peace continuum in both mission and non-mission contexts, at regional, national and local levelsNon-mission settings are those situations in which there is no peace operation deployed to a country, either through peacekeeping, political missions or good offices engagements, by either the UN or regional organizations. In countries where there is no United Nations peace operation mandated by the Security Council, UN DDR support will be provided when either a national Government and\/or UN RC requests assistance.The disarmament and demobilization components of a DDR programme will be undertaken by national institutions with advice and technical support from relevant UN departments, agencies, programmes and funds, the UNCT, regional organizations and bilateral actors. The reintegration component will be supported and\/or implemented by the UNCT and relevant international financial institutions in an integrated manner. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the implementation of specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, and\/or reintegration support, may be considered. The alignment of CVR initiatives in non-mission contexts with reintegration assistance is essential.Decision-making and accountability for UN-supported DDR rest, in this context, with the UN RC, who will identify one or more UN lead agency(ies) in the UNCT based on in-country capacity and expertise. The UN RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group co-chaired by the lead agency(ies) at the country level to coordinate the contribution of the UNCT to integrated DDR, including on issues related to gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, where applicable, will require the allocation of national budgets and\/or the mobilization of voluntary contributions, including through the establishment of financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund or catalytic funding provided by the Peacebuilding Fund (PBF)", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":339, "Sentence":"Overall, integrated DDR has evolved beyond support to national, linear and sequenced DDR programmes, to become a process addressing the entire peace continuum in both mission and non-mission contexts, at regional, national and local levelsNon-mission settings are those situations in which there is no peace operation deployed to a country, either through peacekeeping, political missions or good offices engagements, by either the UN or regional organizations.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR overall integrated ddr evolved beyond support national linear sequenced ddr programme become process addressing entire peace continuum mission nonmission context regional national local levelsnonmission setting situation peace operation deployed country either peacekeeping political mission good office engagement either un regional organization ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"5.2 DDR in non-mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Overall, integrated DDR has evolved beyond support to national, linear and sequenced DDR programmes, to become a process addressing the entire peace continuum in both mission and non-mission contexts, at regional, national and local levelsNon-mission settings are those situations in which there is no peace operation deployed to a country, either through peacekeeping, political missions or good offices engagements, by either the UN or regional organizations. In countries where there is no United Nations peace operation mandated by the Security Council, UN DDR support will be provided when either a national Government and\/or UN RC requests assistance.The disarmament and demobilization components of a DDR programme will be undertaken by national institutions with advice and technical support from relevant UN departments, agencies, programmes and funds, the UNCT, regional organizations and bilateral actors. The reintegration component will be supported and\/or implemented by the UNCT and relevant international financial institutions in an integrated manner. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the implementation of specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, and\/or reintegration support, may be considered. The alignment of CVR initiatives in non-mission contexts with reintegration assistance is essential.Decision-making and accountability for UN-supported DDR rest, in this context, with the UN RC, who will identify one or more UN lead agency(ies) in the UNCT based on in-country capacity and expertise. The UN RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group co-chaired by the lead agency(ies) at the country level to coordinate the contribution of the UNCT to integrated DDR, including on issues related to gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, where applicable, will require the allocation of national budgets and\/or the mobilization of voluntary contributions, including through the establishment of financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund or catalytic funding provided by the Peacebuilding Fund (PBF)", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":339, "Sentence":"In countries where there is no United Nations peace operation mandated by the Security Council, UN DDR support will be provided when either a national Government and\/or UN RC requests assistance.The disarmament and demobilization components of a DDR programme will be undertaken by national institutions with advice and technical support from relevant UN departments, agencies, programmes and funds, the UNCT, regional organizations and bilateral actors.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR country united nation peace operation mandated security council un ddr support provided either national government and\/or un rc request assistance.the disarmament demobilization component ddr programme undertaken national institution advice technical support relevant un department agency programme fund unct regional organization bilateral actor ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"5.2 DDR in non-mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Overall, integrated DDR has evolved beyond support to national, linear and sequenced DDR programmes, to become a process addressing the entire peace continuum in both mission and non-mission contexts, at regional, national and local levelsNon-mission settings are those situations in which there is no peace operation deployed to a country, either through peacekeeping, political missions or good offices engagements, by either the UN or regional organizations. In countries where there is no United Nations peace operation mandated by the Security Council, UN DDR support will be provided when either a national Government and\/or UN RC requests assistance.The disarmament and demobilization components of a DDR programme will be undertaken by national institutions with advice and technical support from relevant UN departments, agencies, programmes and funds, the UNCT, regional organizations and bilateral actors. The reintegration component will be supported and\/or implemented by the UNCT and relevant international financial institutions in an integrated manner. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the implementation of specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, and\/or reintegration support, may be considered. The alignment of CVR initiatives in non-mission contexts with reintegration assistance is essential.Decision-making and accountability for UN-supported DDR rest, in this context, with the UN RC, who will identify one or more UN lead agency(ies) in the UNCT based on in-country capacity and expertise. The UN RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group co-chaired by the lead agency(ies) at the country level to coordinate the contribution of the UNCT to integrated DDR, including on issues related to gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, where applicable, will require the allocation of national budgets and\/or the mobilization of voluntary contributions, including through the establishment of financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund or catalytic funding provided by the Peacebuilding Fund (PBF)", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":339, "Sentence":"The reintegration component will be supported and\/or implemented by the UNCT and relevant international financial institutions in an integrated manner.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR reintegration component supported and\/or implemented unct relevant international financial institution integrated manner ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"5.2 DDR in non-mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Overall, integrated DDR has evolved beyond support to national, linear and sequenced DDR programmes, to become a process addressing the entire peace continuum in both mission and non-mission contexts, at regional, national and local levelsNon-mission settings are those situations in which there is no peace operation deployed to a country, either through peacekeeping, political missions or good offices engagements, by either the UN or regional organizations. In countries where there is no United Nations peace operation mandated by the Security Council, UN DDR support will be provided when either a national Government and\/or UN RC requests assistance.The disarmament and demobilization components of a DDR programme will be undertaken by national institutions with advice and technical support from relevant UN departments, agencies, programmes and funds, the UNCT, regional organizations and bilateral actors. The reintegration component will be supported and\/or implemented by the UNCT and relevant international financial institutions in an integrated manner. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the implementation of specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, and\/or reintegration support, may be considered. The alignment of CVR initiatives in non-mission contexts with reintegration assistance is essential.Decision-making and accountability for UN-supported DDR rest, in this context, with the UN RC, who will identify one or more UN lead agency(ies) in the UNCT based on in-country capacity and expertise. The UN RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group co-chaired by the lead agency(ies) at the country level to coordinate the contribution of the UNCT to integrated DDR, including on issues related to gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, where applicable, will require the allocation of national budgets and\/or the mobilization of voluntary contributions, including through the establishment of financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund or catalytic funding provided by the Peacebuilding Fund (PBF)", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":339, "Sentence":"When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the implementation of specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, and\/or reintegration support, may be considered.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR precondition ddr programme place implementation specific ddrrelated tool cvr and\/or reintegration support may considered ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"5.2 DDR in non-mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Overall, integrated DDR has evolved beyond support to national, linear and sequenced DDR programmes, to become a process addressing the entire peace continuum in both mission and non-mission contexts, at regional, national and local levelsNon-mission settings are those situations in which there is no peace operation deployed to a country, either through peacekeeping, political missions or good offices engagements, by either the UN or regional organizations. In countries where there is no United Nations peace operation mandated by the Security Council, UN DDR support will be provided when either a national Government and\/or UN RC requests assistance.The disarmament and demobilization components of a DDR programme will be undertaken by national institutions with advice and technical support from relevant UN departments, agencies, programmes and funds, the UNCT, regional organizations and bilateral actors. The reintegration component will be supported and\/or implemented by the UNCT and relevant international financial institutions in an integrated manner. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the implementation of specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, and\/or reintegration support, may be considered. The alignment of CVR initiatives in non-mission contexts with reintegration assistance is essential.Decision-making and accountability for UN-supported DDR rest, in this context, with the UN RC, who will identify one or more UN lead agency(ies) in the UNCT based on in-country capacity and expertise. The UN RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group co-chaired by the lead agency(ies) at the country level to coordinate the contribution of the UNCT to integrated DDR, including on issues related to gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, where applicable, will require the allocation of national budgets and\/or the mobilization of voluntary contributions, including through the establishment of financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund or catalytic funding provided by the Peacebuilding Fund (PBF)", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":339, "Sentence":"The alignment of CVR initiatives in non-mission contexts with reintegration assistance is essential.Decision-making and accountability for UN-supported DDR rest, in this context, with the UN RC, who will identify one or more UN lead agency(ies) in the UNCT based on in-country capacity and expertise.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR alignment cvr initiative nonmission context reintegration assistance essential.decisionmaking accountability unsupported ddr rest context un rc identify one un lead agencyies unct based incountry capacity expertise ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"5.2 DDR in non-mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Overall, integrated DDR has evolved beyond support to national, linear and sequenced DDR programmes, to become a process addressing the entire peace continuum in both mission and non-mission contexts, at regional, national and local levelsNon-mission settings are those situations in which there is no peace operation deployed to a country, either through peacekeeping, political missions or good offices engagements, by either the UN or regional organizations. In countries where there is no United Nations peace operation mandated by the Security Council, UN DDR support will be provided when either a national Government and\/or UN RC requests assistance.The disarmament and demobilization components of a DDR programme will be undertaken by national institutions with advice and technical support from relevant UN departments, agencies, programmes and funds, the UNCT, regional organizations and bilateral actors. The reintegration component will be supported and\/or implemented by the UNCT and relevant international financial institutions in an integrated manner. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the implementation of specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, and\/or reintegration support, may be considered. The alignment of CVR initiatives in non-mission contexts with reintegration assistance is essential.Decision-making and accountability for UN-supported DDR rest, in this context, with the UN RC, who will identify one or more UN lead agency(ies) in the UNCT based on in-country capacity and expertise. The UN RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group co-chaired by the lead agency(ies) at the country level to coordinate the contribution of the UNCT to integrated DDR, including on issues related to gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, where applicable, will require the allocation of national budgets and\/or the mobilization of voluntary contributions, including through the establishment of financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund or catalytic funding provided by the Peacebuilding Fund (PBF)", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":339, "Sentence":"The UN RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group co-chaired by the lead agency(ies) at the country level to coordinate the contribution of the UNCT to integrated DDR, including on issues related to gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities.DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, where applicable, will require the allocation of national budgets and\/or the mobilization of voluntary contributions, including through the establishment of financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund or catalytic funding provided by the Peacebuilding Fund (PBF)", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR un rc establish un ddr working group cochaired lead agencyies country level coordinate contribution unct integrated ddr including issue related gender equality woman \u2019 empowerment youth child protection support person disabilities.ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support applicable require allocation national budget and\/or mobilization voluntary contribution including establishment financial management structure dedicated multidonor trust fund catalytic funding provided peacebuilding fund pbf" }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The UN has been involved in integrated DDR across the peace continuum since the late 1980s. During the past 25 years, the UN has amassed considerable experience and knowledge of the coordination, design, implementation, financing, and monitoring and evaluation of DDR programmes. Over the past 10 years the UN has also gained similar experience in the use of DDR-related tools and reintegration support when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. Integrated DDR originates from various parts of the UN\u2019s core mandate, as set out in the Charter of the UN, particularly the areas of peace and security, economic and social development, human rights and humanitarian assistance.UN departments, agencies, programmes and funds are uniquely able to support integrated DDR processes both in mission settings, where peace operations are in place, and in non-mission settings, where there is no peace operation present, providing breadth of scope, neutrality, impartiality and capacity-building through the sharing of technical DDR skills.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":340, "Sentence":"The UN has been involved in integrated DDR across the peace continuum since the late 1980s.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR un involved integrated ddr across peace continuum since late 1980s ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The UN has been involved in integrated DDR across the peace continuum since the late 1980s. During the past 25 years, the UN has amassed considerable experience and knowledge of the coordination, design, implementation, financing, and monitoring and evaluation of DDR programmes. Over the past 10 years the UN has also gained similar experience in the use of DDR-related tools and reintegration support when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. Integrated DDR originates from various parts of the UN\u2019s core mandate, as set out in the Charter of the UN, particularly the areas of peace and security, economic and social development, human rights and humanitarian assistance.UN departments, agencies, programmes and funds are uniquely able to support integrated DDR processes both in mission settings, where peace operations are in place, and in non-mission settings, where there is no peace operation present, providing breadth of scope, neutrality, impartiality and capacity-building through the sharing of technical DDR skills.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":340, "Sentence":"During the past 25 years, the UN has amassed considerable experience and knowledge of the coordination, design, implementation, financing, and monitoring and evaluation of DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR past 25 year un amassed considerable experience knowledge coordination design implementation financing monitoring evaluation ddr programme ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The UN has been involved in integrated DDR across the peace continuum since the late 1980s. During the past 25 years, the UN has amassed considerable experience and knowledge of the coordination, design, implementation, financing, and monitoring and evaluation of DDR programmes. Over the past 10 years the UN has also gained similar experience in the use of DDR-related tools and reintegration support when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. Integrated DDR originates from various parts of the UN\u2019s core mandate, as set out in the Charter of the UN, particularly the areas of peace and security, economic and social development, human rights and humanitarian assistance.UN departments, agencies, programmes and funds are uniquely able to support integrated DDR processes both in mission settings, where peace operations are in place, and in non-mission settings, where there is no peace operation present, providing breadth of scope, neutrality, impartiality and capacity-building through the sharing of technical DDR skills.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":340, "Sentence":"Over the past 10 years the UN has also gained similar experience in the use of DDR-related tools and reintegration support when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR past 10 year un also gained similar experience use ddrrelated tool reintegration support precondition ddr programme present ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The UN has been involved in integrated DDR across the peace continuum since the late 1980s. During the past 25 years, the UN has amassed considerable experience and knowledge of the coordination, design, implementation, financing, and monitoring and evaluation of DDR programmes. Over the past 10 years the UN has also gained similar experience in the use of DDR-related tools and reintegration support when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. Integrated DDR originates from various parts of the UN\u2019s core mandate, as set out in the Charter of the UN, particularly the areas of peace and security, economic and social development, human rights and humanitarian assistance.UN departments, agencies, programmes and funds are uniquely able to support integrated DDR processes both in mission settings, where peace operations are in place, and in non-mission settings, where there is no peace operation present, providing breadth of scope, neutrality, impartiality and capacity-building through the sharing of technical DDR skills.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":340, "Sentence":"Integrated DDR originates from various parts of the UN\u2019s core mandate, as set out in the Charter of the UN, particularly the areas of peace and security, economic and social development, human rights and humanitarian assistance.UN departments, agencies, programmes and funds are uniquely able to support integrated DDR processes both in mission settings, where peace operations are in place, and in non-mission settings, where there is no peace operation present, providing breadth of scope, neutrality, impartiality and capacity-building through the sharing of technical DDR skills.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR integrated ddr originates various part un \u2019 core mandate set charter un particularly area peace security economic social development human right humanitarian assistance.un department agency programme fund uniquely able support integrated ddr process mission setting peace operation place nonmission setting peace operation present providing breadth scope neutrality impartiality capacitybuilding sharing technical ddr skill ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 DDR in mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Where peace operations are mandated to manage and re-solve an actual or potential conflict within States, DDR is generally mandated through a UN Security Council resolution, ideally within the framework of a ceasefire and\/or a comprehensive peace agreement with specific provisions on DDR. Decision-making and accountability rest with the Special Representative or Special Envoy of the Secretary-General.Missions with a DDR mandate usually include a dedicated DDR component to support the design and implementation of a nationally led DDR programme. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the Security Council may also mandate UN peace operations to implement specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, to support the creation of a conducive environment for a DDR programme. These types of DDR-related tools can also be designed and implemented to contribute to other mandated priorities such as the protection of civilians, stabilization and support to the overall peace process.Integrated disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and other DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support) fall under the responsibility of the UN peace operation\u2019s DDR component. The reintegration component will be supported and\/or undertaken in an integrated manner very often by relevant agencies, funds and programmes within the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), as well as international financial institutions, under the leadership of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG)\/Humanitarian Coordinator (HC)\/Resident Coordinator (RC), who will designate lead agency(ies). The DDR mission component shall therefore work in close coordination with the UNCT. The UN DSRSG\/HC\/RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group at the country level with co-chairs to be defined, as appropriate, to coordinate the contributions of the UNCT and international financial institutions to integrated DDR.While UN military and police contingents provide a minimum level of security, support from other mission components may include communications, gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, and youth and child protection. With regard to special political missions and good offices engagements, DDR implementation structures and partnerships may need to be adjusted to the mission\u2019s composition as the mandate evolves. This adjustment can take account of needs at the country level, most notably with regard to the size and capacities of the DDR component, uniformed personnel and other relevant technical expertise.In the case of peace operations, the Security Council mandate also forms the basis for assessed funding for all activities related to disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support). Fundraising for reintegration assistance and other activities needs to be conducted by Governments and\/or regional organizations with support from United Nations peace operations, agencies, funds and programmes, bilateral donors and relevant international financial institutions. Regarding special political missions and good offices engagements, support to integrated DDR planning and implementation may require extra-budgetary funding in the form of voluntary contributions and the establishment of alternative financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":341, "Sentence":"Mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR mission setting situation peace operation deployed peacekeeping operation political mission good office engagement un regional organization ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 DDR in mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Where peace operations are mandated to manage and re-solve an actual or potential conflict within States, DDR is generally mandated through a UN Security Council resolution, ideally within the framework of a ceasefire and\/or a comprehensive peace agreement with specific provisions on DDR. Decision-making and accountability rest with the Special Representative or Special Envoy of the Secretary-General.Missions with a DDR mandate usually include a dedicated DDR component to support the design and implementation of a nationally led DDR programme. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the Security Council may also mandate UN peace operations to implement specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, to support the creation of a conducive environment for a DDR programme. These types of DDR-related tools can also be designed and implemented to contribute to other mandated priorities such as the protection of civilians, stabilization and support to the overall peace process.Integrated disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and other DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support) fall under the responsibility of the UN peace operation\u2019s DDR component. The reintegration component will be supported and\/or undertaken in an integrated manner very often by relevant agencies, funds and programmes within the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), as well as international financial institutions, under the leadership of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG)\/Humanitarian Coordinator (HC)\/Resident Coordinator (RC), who will designate lead agency(ies). The DDR mission component shall therefore work in close coordination with the UNCT. The UN DSRSG\/HC\/RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group at the country level with co-chairs to be defined, as appropriate, to coordinate the contributions of the UNCT and international financial institutions to integrated DDR.While UN military and police contingents provide a minimum level of security, support from other mission components may include communications, gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, and youth and child protection. With regard to special political missions and good offices engagements, DDR implementation structures and partnerships may need to be adjusted to the mission\u2019s composition as the mandate evolves. This adjustment can take account of needs at the country level, most notably with regard to the size and capacities of the DDR component, uniformed personnel and other relevant technical expertise.In the case of peace operations, the Security Council mandate also forms the basis for assessed funding for all activities related to disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support). Fundraising for reintegration assistance and other activities needs to be conducted by Governments and\/or regional organizations with support from United Nations peace operations, agencies, funds and programmes, bilateral donors and relevant international financial institutions. Regarding special political missions and good offices engagements, support to integrated DDR planning and implementation may require extra-budgetary funding in the form of voluntary contributions and the establishment of alternative financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":341, "Sentence":"Where peace operations are mandated to manage and re-solve an actual or potential conflict within States, DDR is generally mandated through a UN Security Council resolution, ideally within the framework of a ceasefire and\/or a comprehensive peace agreement with specific provisions on DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR peace operation mandated manage resolve actual potential conflict within state ddr generally mandated un security council resolution ideally within framework ceasefire and\/or comprehensive peace agreement specific provision ddr ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 DDR in mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Where peace operations are mandated to manage and re-solve an actual or potential conflict within States, DDR is generally mandated through a UN Security Council resolution, ideally within the framework of a ceasefire and\/or a comprehensive peace agreement with specific provisions on DDR. Decision-making and accountability rest with the Special Representative or Special Envoy of the Secretary-General.Missions with a DDR mandate usually include a dedicated DDR component to support the design and implementation of a nationally led DDR programme. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the Security Council may also mandate UN peace operations to implement specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, to support the creation of a conducive environment for a DDR programme. These types of DDR-related tools can also be designed and implemented to contribute to other mandated priorities such as the protection of civilians, stabilization and support to the overall peace process.Integrated disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and other DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support) fall under the responsibility of the UN peace operation\u2019s DDR component. The reintegration component will be supported and\/or undertaken in an integrated manner very often by relevant agencies, funds and programmes within the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), as well as international financial institutions, under the leadership of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG)\/Humanitarian Coordinator (HC)\/Resident Coordinator (RC), who will designate lead agency(ies). The DDR mission component shall therefore work in close coordination with the UNCT. The UN DSRSG\/HC\/RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group at the country level with co-chairs to be defined, as appropriate, to coordinate the contributions of the UNCT and international financial institutions to integrated DDR.While UN military and police contingents provide a minimum level of security, support from other mission components may include communications, gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, and youth and child protection. With regard to special political missions and good offices engagements, DDR implementation structures and partnerships may need to be adjusted to the mission\u2019s composition as the mandate evolves. This adjustment can take account of needs at the country level, most notably with regard to the size and capacities of the DDR component, uniformed personnel and other relevant technical expertise.In the case of peace operations, the Security Council mandate also forms the basis for assessed funding for all activities related to disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support). Fundraising for reintegration assistance and other activities needs to be conducted by Governments and\/or regional organizations with support from United Nations peace operations, agencies, funds and programmes, bilateral donors and relevant international financial institutions. Regarding special political missions and good offices engagements, support to integrated DDR planning and implementation may require extra-budgetary funding in the form of voluntary contributions and the establishment of alternative financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":341, "Sentence":"Decision-making and accountability rest with the Special Representative or Special Envoy of the Secretary-General.Missions with a DDR mandate usually include a dedicated DDR component to support the design and implementation of a nationally led DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR decisionmaking accountability rest special representative special envoy secretarygeneral.missions ddr mandate usually include dedicated ddr component support design implementation nationally led ddr programme ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 DDR in mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Where peace operations are mandated to manage and re-solve an actual or potential conflict within States, DDR is generally mandated through a UN Security Council resolution, ideally within the framework of a ceasefire and\/or a comprehensive peace agreement with specific provisions on DDR. Decision-making and accountability rest with the Special Representative or Special Envoy of the Secretary-General.Missions with a DDR mandate usually include a dedicated DDR component to support the design and implementation of a nationally led DDR programme. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the Security Council may also mandate UN peace operations to implement specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, to support the creation of a conducive environment for a DDR programme. These types of DDR-related tools can also be designed and implemented to contribute to other mandated priorities such as the protection of civilians, stabilization and support to the overall peace process.Integrated disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and other DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support) fall under the responsibility of the UN peace operation\u2019s DDR component. The reintegration component will be supported and\/or undertaken in an integrated manner very often by relevant agencies, funds and programmes within the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), as well as international financial institutions, under the leadership of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG)\/Humanitarian Coordinator (HC)\/Resident Coordinator (RC), who will designate lead agency(ies). The DDR mission component shall therefore work in close coordination with the UNCT. The UN DSRSG\/HC\/RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group at the country level with co-chairs to be defined, as appropriate, to coordinate the contributions of the UNCT and international financial institutions to integrated DDR.While UN military and police contingents provide a minimum level of security, support from other mission components may include communications, gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, and youth and child protection. With regard to special political missions and good offices engagements, DDR implementation structures and partnerships may need to be adjusted to the mission\u2019s composition as the mandate evolves. This adjustment can take account of needs at the country level, most notably with regard to the size and capacities of the DDR component, uniformed personnel and other relevant technical expertise.In the case of peace operations, the Security Council mandate also forms the basis for assessed funding for all activities related to disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support). Fundraising for reintegration assistance and other activities needs to be conducted by Governments and\/or regional organizations with support from United Nations peace operations, agencies, funds and programmes, bilateral donors and relevant international financial institutions. Regarding special political missions and good offices engagements, support to integrated DDR planning and implementation may require extra-budgetary funding in the form of voluntary contributions and the establishment of alternative financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":341, "Sentence":"When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the Security Council may also mandate UN peace operations to implement specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, to support the creation of a conducive environment for a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR precondition ddr programme place security council may also mandate un peace operation implement specific ddrrelated tool cvr support creation conducive environment ddr programme ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 DDR in mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Where peace operations are mandated to manage and re-solve an actual or potential conflict within States, DDR is generally mandated through a UN Security Council resolution, ideally within the framework of a ceasefire and\/or a comprehensive peace agreement with specific provisions on DDR. Decision-making and accountability rest with the Special Representative or Special Envoy of the Secretary-General.Missions with a DDR mandate usually include a dedicated DDR component to support the design and implementation of a nationally led DDR programme. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the Security Council may also mandate UN peace operations to implement specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, to support the creation of a conducive environment for a DDR programme. These types of DDR-related tools can also be designed and implemented to contribute to other mandated priorities such as the protection of civilians, stabilization and support to the overall peace process.Integrated disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and other DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support) fall under the responsibility of the UN peace operation\u2019s DDR component. The reintegration component will be supported and\/or undertaken in an integrated manner very often by relevant agencies, funds and programmes within the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), as well as international financial institutions, under the leadership of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG)\/Humanitarian Coordinator (HC)\/Resident Coordinator (RC), who will designate lead agency(ies). The DDR mission component shall therefore work in close coordination with the UNCT. The UN DSRSG\/HC\/RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group at the country level with co-chairs to be defined, as appropriate, to coordinate the contributions of the UNCT and international financial institutions to integrated DDR.While UN military and police contingents provide a minimum level of security, support from other mission components may include communications, gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, and youth and child protection. With regard to special political missions and good offices engagements, DDR implementation structures and partnerships may need to be adjusted to the mission\u2019s composition as the mandate evolves. This adjustment can take account of needs at the country level, most notably with regard to the size and capacities of the DDR component, uniformed personnel and other relevant technical expertise.In the case of peace operations, the Security Council mandate also forms the basis for assessed funding for all activities related to disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support). Fundraising for reintegration assistance and other activities needs to be conducted by Governments and\/or regional organizations with support from United Nations peace operations, agencies, funds and programmes, bilateral donors and relevant international financial institutions. Regarding special political missions and good offices engagements, support to integrated DDR planning and implementation may require extra-budgetary funding in the form of voluntary contributions and the establishment of alternative financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":341, "Sentence":"These types of DDR-related tools can also be designed and implemented to contribute to other mandated priorities such as the protection of civilians, stabilization and support to the overall peace process.Integrated disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and other DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support) fall under the responsibility of the UN peace operation\u2019s DDR component.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR type ddrrelated tool also designed implemented contribute mandated priority protection civilian stabilization support overall peace process.integrated disarmament demobilization including reinsertion ddrrelated tool except covering reintegration support fall responsibility un peace operation \u2019 ddr component ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 DDR in mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Where peace operations are mandated to manage and re-solve an actual or potential conflict within States, DDR is generally mandated through a UN Security Council resolution, ideally within the framework of a ceasefire and\/or a comprehensive peace agreement with specific provisions on DDR. Decision-making and accountability rest with the Special Representative or Special Envoy of the Secretary-General.Missions with a DDR mandate usually include a dedicated DDR component to support the design and implementation of a nationally led DDR programme. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the Security Council may also mandate UN peace operations to implement specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, to support the creation of a conducive environment for a DDR programme. These types of DDR-related tools can also be designed and implemented to contribute to other mandated priorities such as the protection of civilians, stabilization and support to the overall peace process.Integrated disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and other DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support) fall under the responsibility of the UN peace operation\u2019s DDR component. The reintegration component will be supported and\/or undertaken in an integrated manner very often by relevant agencies, funds and programmes within the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), as well as international financial institutions, under the leadership of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG)\/Humanitarian Coordinator (HC)\/Resident Coordinator (RC), who will designate lead agency(ies). The DDR mission component shall therefore work in close coordination with the UNCT. The UN DSRSG\/HC\/RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group at the country level with co-chairs to be defined, as appropriate, to coordinate the contributions of the UNCT and international financial institutions to integrated DDR.While UN military and police contingents provide a minimum level of security, support from other mission components may include communications, gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, and youth and child protection. With regard to special political missions and good offices engagements, DDR implementation structures and partnerships may need to be adjusted to the mission\u2019s composition as the mandate evolves. This adjustment can take account of needs at the country level, most notably with regard to the size and capacities of the DDR component, uniformed personnel and other relevant technical expertise.In the case of peace operations, the Security Council mandate also forms the basis for assessed funding for all activities related to disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support). Fundraising for reintegration assistance and other activities needs to be conducted by Governments and\/or regional organizations with support from United Nations peace operations, agencies, funds and programmes, bilateral donors and relevant international financial institutions. Regarding special political missions and good offices engagements, support to integrated DDR planning and implementation may require extra-budgetary funding in the form of voluntary contributions and the establishment of alternative financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":341, "Sentence":"The reintegration component will be supported and\/or undertaken in an integrated manner very often by relevant agencies, funds and programmes within the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), as well as international financial institutions, under the leadership of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG)\/Humanitarian Coordinator (HC)\/Resident Coordinator (RC), who will designate lead agency(ies).", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR reintegration component supported and\/or undertaken integrated manner often relevant agency fund programme within united nation country team unct well international financial institution leadership deputy special representative secretarygeneral dsrsg\/humanitarian coordinator hc\/resident coordinator rc designate lead agencyies ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 DDR in mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Where peace operations are mandated to manage and re-solve an actual or potential conflict within States, DDR is generally mandated through a UN Security Council resolution, ideally within the framework of a ceasefire and\/or a comprehensive peace agreement with specific provisions on DDR. Decision-making and accountability rest with the Special Representative or Special Envoy of the Secretary-General.Missions with a DDR mandate usually include a dedicated DDR component to support the design and implementation of a nationally led DDR programme. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the Security Council may also mandate UN peace operations to implement specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, to support the creation of a conducive environment for a DDR programme. These types of DDR-related tools can also be designed and implemented to contribute to other mandated priorities such as the protection of civilians, stabilization and support to the overall peace process.Integrated disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and other DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support) fall under the responsibility of the UN peace operation\u2019s DDR component. The reintegration component will be supported and\/or undertaken in an integrated manner very often by relevant agencies, funds and programmes within the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), as well as international financial institutions, under the leadership of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG)\/Humanitarian Coordinator (HC)\/Resident Coordinator (RC), who will designate lead agency(ies). The DDR mission component shall therefore work in close coordination with the UNCT. The UN DSRSG\/HC\/RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group at the country level with co-chairs to be defined, as appropriate, to coordinate the contributions of the UNCT and international financial institutions to integrated DDR.While UN military and police contingents provide a minimum level of security, support from other mission components may include communications, gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, and youth and child protection. With regard to special political missions and good offices engagements, DDR implementation structures and partnerships may need to be adjusted to the mission\u2019s composition as the mandate evolves. This adjustment can take account of needs at the country level, most notably with regard to the size and capacities of the DDR component, uniformed personnel and other relevant technical expertise.In the case of peace operations, the Security Council mandate also forms the basis for assessed funding for all activities related to disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support). Fundraising for reintegration assistance and other activities needs to be conducted by Governments and\/or regional organizations with support from United Nations peace operations, agencies, funds and programmes, bilateral donors and relevant international financial institutions. Regarding special political missions and good offices engagements, support to integrated DDR planning and implementation may require extra-budgetary funding in the form of voluntary contributions and the establishment of alternative financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":341, "Sentence":"The DDR mission component shall therefore work in close coordination with the UNCT.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ddr mission component shall therefore work close coordination unct ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 DDR in mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Where peace operations are mandated to manage and re-solve an actual or potential conflict within States, DDR is generally mandated through a UN Security Council resolution, ideally within the framework of a ceasefire and\/or a comprehensive peace agreement with specific provisions on DDR. Decision-making and accountability rest with the Special Representative or Special Envoy of the Secretary-General.Missions with a DDR mandate usually include a dedicated DDR component to support the design and implementation of a nationally led DDR programme. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the Security Council may also mandate UN peace operations to implement specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, to support the creation of a conducive environment for a DDR programme. These types of DDR-related tools can also be designed and implemented to contribute to other mandated priorities such as the protection of civilians, stabilization and support to the overall peace process.Integrated disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and other DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support) fall under the responsibility of the UN peace operation\u2019s DDR component. The reintegration component will be supported and\/or undertaken in an integrated manner very often by relevant agencies, funds and programmes within the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), as well as international financial institutions, under the leadership of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG)\/Humanitarian Coordinator (HC)\/Resident Coordinator (RC), who will designate lead agency(ies). The DDR mission component shall therefore work in close coordination with the UNCT. The UN DSRSG\/HC\/RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group at the country level with co-chairs to be defined, as appropriate, to coordinate the contributions of the UNCT and international financial institutions to integrated DDR.While UN military and police contingents provide a minimum level of security, support from other mission components may include communications, gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, and youth and child protection. With regard to special political missions and good offices engagements, DDR implementation structures and partnerships may need to be adjusted to the mission\u2019s composition as the mandate evolves. This adjustment can take account of needs at the country level, most notably with regard to the size and capacities of the DDR component, uniformed personnel and other relevant technical expertise.In the case of peace operations, the Security Council mandate also forms the basis for assessed funding for all activities related to disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support). Fundraising for reintegration assistance and other activities needs to be conducted by Governments and\/or regional organizations with support from United Nations peace operations, agencies, funds and programmes, bilateral donors and relevant international financial institutions. Regarding special political missions and good offices engagements, support to integrated DDR planning and implementation may require extra-budgetary funding in the form of voluntary contributions and the establishment of alternative financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":341, "Sentence":"The UN DSRSG\/HC\/RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group at the country level with co-chairs to be defined, as appropriate, to coordinate the contributions of the UNCT and international financial institutions to integrated DDR.While UN military and police contingents provide a minimum level of security, support from other mission components may include communications, gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, and youth and child protection.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR un dsrsg\/hc\/rc establish un ddr working group country level cochairs defined appropriate coordinate contribution unct international financial institution integrated ddr.while un military police contingent provide minimum level security support mission component may include communication gender equality woman \u2019 empowerment youth child protection ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 DDR in mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Where peace operations are mandated to manage and re-solve an actual or potential conflict within States, DDR is generally mandated through a UN Security Council resolution, ideally within the framework of a ceasefire and\/or a comprehensive peace agreement with specific provisions on DDR. Decision-making and accountability rest with the Special Representative or Special Envoy of the Secretary-General.Missions with a DDR mandate usually include a dedicated DDR component to support the design and implementation of a nationally led DDR programme. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the Security Council may also mandate UN peace operations to implement specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, to support the creation of a conducive environment for a DDR programme. These types of DDR-related tools can also be designed and implemented to contribute to other mandated priorities such as the protection of civilians, stabilization and support to the overall peace process.Integrated disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and other DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support) fall under the responsibility of the UN peace operation\u2019s DDR component. The reintegration component will be supported and\/or undertaken in an integrated manner very often by relevant agencies, funds and programmes within the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), as well as international financial institutions, under the leadership of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG)\/Humanitarian Coordinator (HC)\/Resident Coordinator (RC), who will designate lead agency(ies). The DDR mission component shall therefore work in close coordination with the UNCT. The UN DSRSG\/HC\/RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group at the country level with co-chairs to be defined, as appropriate, to coordinate the contributions of the UNCT and international financial institutions to integrated DDR.While UN military and police contingents provide a minimum level of security, support from other mission components may include communications, gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, and youth and child protection. With regard to special political missions and good offices engagements, DDR implementation structures and partnerships may need to be adjusted to the mission\u2019s composition as the mandate evolves. This adjustment can take account of needs at the country level, most notably with regard to the size and capacities of the DDR component, uniformed personnel and other relevant technical expertise.In the case of peace operations, the Security Council mandate also forms the basis for assessed funding for all activities related to disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support). Fundraising for reintegration assistance and other activities needs to be conducted by Governments and\/or regional organizations with support from United Nations peace operations, agencies, funds and programmes, bilateral donors and relevant international financial institutions. Regarding special political missions and good offices engagements, support to integrated DDR planning and implementation may require extra-budgetary funding in the form of voluntary contributions and the establishment of alternative financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":341, "Sentence":"With regard to special political missions and good offices engagements, DDR implementation structures and partnerships may need to be adjusted to the mission\u2019s composition as the mandate evolves.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR regard special political mission good office engagement ddr implementation structure partnership may need adjusted mission \u2019 composition mandate evolves ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 DDR in mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Where peace operations are mandated to manage and re-solve an actual or potential conflict within States, DDR is generally mandated through a UN Security Council resolution, ideally within the framework of a ceasefire and\/or a comprehensive peace agreement with specific provisions on DDR. Decision-making and accountability rest with the Special Representative or Special Envoy of the Secretary-General.Missions with a DDR mandate usually include a dedicated DDR component to support the design and implementation of a nationally led DDR programme. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the Security Council may also mandate UN peace operations to implement specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, to support the creation of a conducive environment for a DDR programme. These types of DDR-related tools can also be designed and implemented to contribute to other mandated priorities such as the protection of civilians, stabilization and support to the overall peace process.Integrated disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and other DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support) fall under the responsibility of the UN peace operation\u2019s DDR component. The reintegration component will be supported and\/or undertaken in an integrated manner very often by relevant agencies, funds and programmes within the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), as well as international financial institutions, under the leadership of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG)\/Humanitarian Coordinator (HC)\/Resident Coordinator (RC), who will designate lead agency(ies). The DDR mission component shall therefore work in close coordination with the UNCT. The UN DSRSG\/HC\/RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group at the country level with co-chairs to be defined, as appropriate, to coordinate the contributions of the UNCT and international financial institutions to integrated DDR.While UN military and police contingents provide a minimum level of security, support from other mission components may include communications, gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, and youth and child protection. With regard to special political missions and good offices engagements, DDR implementation structures and partnerships may need to be adjusted to the mission\u2019s composition as the mandate evolves. This adjustment can take account of needs at the country level, most notably with regard to the size and capacities of the DDR component, uniformed personnel and other relevant technical expertise.In the case of peace operations, the Security Council mandate also forms the basis for assessed funding for all activities related to disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support). Fundraising for reintegration assistance and other activities needs to be conducted by Governments and\/or regional organizations with support from United Nations peace operations, agencies, funds and programmes, bilateral donors and relevant international financial institutions. Regarding special political missions and good offices engagements, support to integrated DDR planning and implementation may require extra-budgetary funding in the form of voluntary contributions and the establishment of alternative financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":341, "Sentence":"This adjustment can take account of needs at the country level, most notably with regard to the size and capacities of the DDR component, uniformed personnel and other relevant technical expertise.In the case of peace operations, the Security Council mandate also forms the basis for assessed funding for all activities related to disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support).", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR adjustment take account need country level notably regard size capacity ddr component uniformed personnel relevant technical expertise.in case peace operation security council mandate also form basis assessed funding activity related disarmament demobilization including reinsertion ddrrelated tool except covering reintegration support ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 DDR in mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Where peace operations are mandated to manage and re-solve an actual or potential conflict within States, DDR is generally mandated through a UN Security Council resolution, ideally within the framework of a ceasefire and\/or a comprehensive peace agreement with specific provisions on DDR. Decision-making and accountability rest with the Special Representative or Special Envoy of the Secretary-General.Missions with a DDR mandate usually include a dedicated DDR component to support the design and implementation of a nationally led DDR programme. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the Security Council may also mandate UN peace operations to implement specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, to support the creation of a conducive environment for a DDR programme. These types of DDR-related tools can also be designed and implemented to contribute to other mandated priorities such as the protection of civilians, stabilization and support to the overall peace process.Integrated disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and other DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support) fall under the responsibility of the UN peace operation\u2019s DDR component. The reintegration component will be supported and\/or undertaken in an integrated manner very often by relevant agencies, funds and programmes within the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), as well as international financial institutions, under the leadership of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG)\/Humanitarian Coordinator (HC)\/Resident Coordinator (RC), who will designate lead agency(ies). The DDR mission component shall therefore work in close coordination with the UNCT. The UN DSRSG\/HC\/RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group at the country level with co-chairs to be defined, as appropriate, to coordinate the contributions of the UNCT and international financial institutions to integrated DDR.While UN military and police contingents provide a minimum level of security, support from other mission components may include communications, gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, and youth and child protection. With regard to special political missions and good offices engagements, DDR implementation structures and partnerships may need to be adjusted to the mission\u2019s composition as the mandate evolves. This adjustment can take account of needs at the country level, most notably with regard to the size and capacities of the DDR component, uniformed personnel and other relevant technical expertise.In the case of peace operations, the Security Council mandate also forms the basis for assessed funding for all activities related to disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support). Fundraising for reintegration assistance and other activities needs to be conducted by Governments and\/or regional organizations with support from United Nations peace operations, agencies, funds and programmes, bilateral donors and relevant international financial institutions. Regarding special political missions and good offices engagements, support to integrated DDR planning and implementation may require extra-budgetary funding in the form of voluntary contributions and the establishment of alternative financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":341, "Sentence":"Fundraising for reintegration assistance and other activities needs to be conducted by Governments and\/or regional organizations with support from United Nations peace operations, agencies, funds and programmes, bilateral donors and relevant international financial institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR fundraising reintegration assistance activity need conducted government and\/or regional organization support united nation peace operation agency fund programme bilateral donor relevant international financial institution ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 DDR in mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Where peace operations are mandated to manage and re-solve an actual or potential conflict within States, DDR is generally mandated through a UN Security Council resolution, ideally within the framework of a ceasefire and\/or a comprehensive peace agreement with specific provisions on DDR. Decision-making and accountability rest with the Special Representative or Special Envoy of the Secretary-General.Missions with a DDR mandate usually include a dedicated DDR component to support the design and implementation of a nationally led DDR programme. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the Security Council may also mandate UN peace operations to implement specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, to support the creation of a conducive environment for a DDR programme. These types of DDR-related tools can also be designed and implemented to contribute to other mandated priorities such as the protection of civilians, stabilization and support to the overall peace process.Integrated disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and other DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support) fall under the responsibility of the UN peace operation\u2019s DDR component. The reintegration component will be supported and\/or undertaken in an integrated manner very often by relevant agencies, funds and programmes within the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), as well as international financial institutions, under the leadership of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG)\/Humanitarian Coordinator (HC)\/Resident Coordinator (RC), who will designate lead agency(ies). The DDR mission component shall therefore work in close coordination with the UNCT. The UN DSRSG\/HC\/RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group at the country level with co-chairs to be defined, as appropriate, to coordinate the contributions of the UNCT and international financial institutions to integrated DDR.While UN military and police contingents provide a minimum level of security, support from other mission components may include communications, gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, and youth and child protection. With regard to special political missions and good offices engagements, DDR implementation structures and partnerships may need to be adjusted to the mission\u2019s composition as the mandate evolves. This adjustment can take account of needs at the country level, most notably with regard to the size and capacities of the DDR component, uniformed personnel and other relevant technical expertise.In the case of peace operations, the Security Council mandate also forms the basis for assessed funding for all activities related to disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support). Fundraising for reintegration assistance and other activities needs to be conducted by Governments and\/or regional organizations with support from United Nations peace operations, agencies, funds and programmes, bilateral donors and relevant international financial institutions. Regarding special political missions and good offices engagements, support to integrated DDR planning and implementation may require extra-budgetary funding in the form of voluntary contributions and the establishment of alternative financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":341, "Sentence":"Regarding special political missions and good offices engagements, support to integrated DDR planning and implementation may require extra-budgetary funding in the form of voluntary contributions and the establishment of alternative financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR regarding special political mission good office engagement support integrated ddr planning implementation may require extrabudgetary funding form voluntary contribution establishment alternative financial management structure dedicated multidonor trust fund ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed. There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project. Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated. In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed. This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation. A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context. These may include: \\nThe disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups. The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme. Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups. Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place. \\nThe rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.). Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces. \\nThe repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation. DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border. Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":342, "Sentence":"Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR violent conflict always completely cease political settlement reached peace agreement signed ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed. There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project. Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated. In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed. This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation. A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context. These may include: \\nThe disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups. The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme. Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups. Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place. \\nThe rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.). Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces. \\nThe repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation. DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border. Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":342, "Sentence":"There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR remains real danger violence flare immediate postconflict period putting right political security social economic problem root cause war longterm project ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed. There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project. Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated. In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed. This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation. A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context. These may include: \\nThe disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups. The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme. Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups. Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place. \\nThe rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.). Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces. \\nThe repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation. DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border. Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":342, "Sentence":"Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR furthermore peace operation often mandated context agreement yet reached peace process yet initiated partially initiated ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed. There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project. Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated. In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed. This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation. A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context. These may include: \\nThe disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups. The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme. Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups. Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place. \\nThe rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.). Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces. \\nThe repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation. DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border. Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":342, "Sentence":"In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR nonmission context request government un support ddr made either ceasefires reached peace agreement comprehensive peace agreement signed ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed. There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project. Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated. In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed. This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation. A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context. These may include: \\nThe disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups. The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme. Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups. Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place. \\nThe rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.). Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces. \\nThe repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation. DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border. Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":342, "Sentence":"This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR practitioner decide whether ddr programme ddrrelated tool and\/or reintegration support constitute appropriate response particular situation ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed. There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project. Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated. In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed. This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation. A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context. These may include: \\nThe disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups. The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme. Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups. Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place. \\nThe rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.). Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces. \\nThe repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation. DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border. Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":342, "Sentence":"A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ddr programme appropriate precondition referred place.the un may employ support variety ddr programming element adapted suit context ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed. There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project. Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated. In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed. This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation. A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context. These may include: \\nThe disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups. The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme. Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups. Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place. \\nThe rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.). Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces. \\nThe repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation. DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border. Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":342, "Sentence":"These may include: \\nThe disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR may include nthe disbanding armed group government may request assistance disband armed group ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed. There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project. Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated. In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed. This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation. A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context. These may include: \\nThe disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups. The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme. Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups. Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place. \\nThe rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.). Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces. \\nThe repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation. DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border. Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":342, "Sentence":"The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR establishment ddr programme agreed defined within ceasefire ending hostility comprehensive peace agreement ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed. There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project. Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated. In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed. This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation. A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context. These may include: \\nThe disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups. The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme. Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups. Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place. \\nThe rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.). Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces. \\nThe repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation. DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border. Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":342, "Sentence":"Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR trust commitment party implementation agreement minimum condition security essential success ddr programme ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed. There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project. Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated. In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed. This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation. A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context. These may include: \\nThe disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups. The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme. Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups. Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place. \\nThe rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.). Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces. \\nThe repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation. DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border. Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":342, "Sentence":"Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR administratively little difference ddr programme armed force armed group ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed. There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project. Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated. In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed. This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation. A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context. These may include: \\nThe disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups. The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme. Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups. Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place. \\nThe rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.). Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces. \\nThe repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation. DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border. Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":342, "Sentence":"Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR may require full registration weapon personnel followed collection information referral counselling needed effective reintegration programme put place ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed. There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project. Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated. In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed. This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation. A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context. These may include: \\nThe disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups. The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme. Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups. Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place. \\nThe rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.). Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces. \\nThe repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation. DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border. Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":342, "Sentence":"\\nThe rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.).", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR nthe rightsizing armed force police government may request assistance downsize restructure army police supporting institutional infrastructure salary benefit basic service etc .." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed. There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project. Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated. In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed. This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation. A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context. These may include: \\nThe disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups. The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme. Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups. Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place. \\nThe rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.). Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces. \\nThe repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation. DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border. Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":342, "Sentence":"Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR process contribute security sector reform ssr see iddrs 6.10 ddr security sector reform ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed. There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project. Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated. In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed. This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation. A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context. These may include: \\nThe disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups. The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme. Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups. Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place. \\nThe rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.). Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces. \\nThe repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation. DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border. Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":342, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ddr practitioner work close collaboration ssr expert planning reintegration support former member armed force ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed. There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project. Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated. In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed. This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation. A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context. These may include: \\nThe disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups. The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme. Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups. Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place. \\nThe rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.). Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces. \\nThe repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation. DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border. Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":342, "Sentence":"\\nThe repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR nthe repatriation foreign combatant associated group considering regional dimension conflict government may agree assistance repatriation ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed. There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project. Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated. In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed. This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation. A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context. These may include: \\nThe disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups. The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme. Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups. Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place. \\nThe rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.). Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces. \\nThe repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation. DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border. Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":342, "Sentence":"DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ddr programme may need become involved repatriating national combatant civilian family member well child associated armed force group may crossed international border ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed. There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project. Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated. In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed. This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and\/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation. A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context. These may include: \\nThe disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups. The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme. Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups. Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place. \\nThe rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.). Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces. \\nThe repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation. DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border. Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":342, "Sentence":"Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR repatriation need accordance principle nonrefoulement set international humanitarian human right refugee law see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"6.1 When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the reintegration of former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may be supported in line with the sustaining peace approach, i.e., during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. Furthermore, practitioners may choose from a menu of DDR-related tools. (See table above.)Unlike DDR programmes, DDR-related tools are not designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement. Instead, when the preconditions for a DDR-programme are not in place, DDR-related tools may be used in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":343, "Sentence":"When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the reintegration of former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may be supported in line with the sustaining peace approach, i.e., during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR precondition ddr programme place reintegration former combatant person formerly associated armed force group may supported line sustaining peace approach i.e . conflict escalation conflict postconflict ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"6.1 When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the reintegration of former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may be supported in line with the sustaining peace approach, i.e., during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. Furthermore, practitioners may choose from a menu of DDR-related tools. (See table above.)Unlike DDR programmes, DDR-related tools are not designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement. Instead, when the preconditions for a DDR-programme are not in place, DDR-related tools may be used in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":343, "Sentence":"Furthermore, practitioners may choose from a menu of DDR-related tools.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR furthermore practitioner may choose menu ddrrelated tool ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"6.1 When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the reintegration of former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may be supported in line with the sustaining peace approach, i.e., during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. Furthermore, practitioners may choose from a menu of DDR-related tools. (See table above.)Unlike DDR programmes, DDR-related tools are not designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement. Instead, when the preconditions for a DDR-programme are not in place, DDR-related tools may be used in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":343, "Sentence":"(See table above.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR see table ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"6.1 When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the reintegration of former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may be supported in line with the sustaining peace approach, i.e., during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. Furthermore, practitioners may choose from a menu of DDR-related tools. (See table above.)Unlike DDR programmes, DDR-related tools are not designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement. Instead, when the preconditions for a DDR-programme are not in place, DDR-related tools may be used in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":343, "Sentence":")Unlike DDR programmes, DDR-related tools are not designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR unlike ddr programme ddrrelated tool designed implement term peace agreement ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"6.1 When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the reintegration of former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may be supported in line with the sustaining peace approach, i.e., during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. Furthermore, practitioners may choose from a menu of DDR-related tools. (See table above.)Unlike DDR programmes, DDR-related tools are not designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement. Instead, when the preconditions for a DDR-programme are not in place, DDR-related tools may be used in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":343, "Sentence":"Instead, when the preconditions for a DDR-programme are not in place, DDR-related tools may be used in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR instead precondition ddrprogramme place ddrrelated tool may used line united nation security council general assembly mandate broader strategic framework united nation sustainable development cooperation framework unsdcf humanitarian response plan hrp and\/or integrated strategic framework ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"6.1 When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the reintegration of former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may be supported in line with the sustaining peace approach, i.e., during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. Furthermore, practitioners may choose from a menu of DDR-related tools. (See table above.)Unlike DDR programmes, DDR-related tools are not designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement. Instead, when the preconditions for a DDR-programme are not in place, DDR-related tools may be used in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":343, "Sentence":"A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR gender childsensitive approach applied planning implementation monitoring ddrrelated tool" }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"6.2 When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When the preconditions are in place, the UN may support the establishment of DDR programmes. Other DDR-related tools can also be implemented before, after or along-side DDR programmes, as complementary measures (see table above).While DDR programmes are primarily used to address the security challenges posed by members of armed forces and groups, provisions should be made for the inclusion of other groups (including civilians and youth at risk), depending on resources and local circumstances. National institutions should be supported to determine the policy on direct benefits and reintegration assistance during a DDR programme.Civilians and civil society groups in communities to which members of the above-mentioned groups will return should be consulted during the planning and design phase of DDR programmes, as well as informed and supported in order to assist them to receive ex-combatants and their dependents\/families during the reintegration phase.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":344, "Sentence":"When the preconditions are in place, the UN may support the establishment of DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR precondition place un may support establishment ddr programme ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"6.2 When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When the preconditions are in place, the UN may support the establishment of DDR programmes. Other DDR-related tools can also be implemented before, after or along-side DDR programmes, as complementary measures (see table above).While DDR programmes are primarily used to address the security challenges posed by members of armed forces and groups, provisions should be made for the inclusion of other groups (including civilians and youth at risk), depending on resources and local circumstances. National institutions should be supported to determine the policy on direct benefits and reintegration assistance during a DDR programme.Civilians and civil society groups in communities to which members of the above-mentioned groups will return should be consulted during the planning and design phase of DDR programmes, as well as informed and supported in order to assist them to receive ex-combatants and their dependents\/families during the reintegration phase.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":344, "Sentence":"Other DDR-related tools can also be implemented before, after or along-side DDR programmes, as complementary measures (see table above).While DDR programmes are primarily used to address the security challenges posed by members of armed forces and groups, provisions should be made for the inclusion of other groups (including civilians and youth at risk), depending on resources and local circumstances.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ddrrelated tool also implemented alongside ddr programme complementary measure see table above.while ddr programme primarily used address security challenge posed member armed force group provision made inclusion group including civilian youth risk depending resource local circumstance ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"6. When is DDR appropriate?", "Heading2":"6.2 When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When the preconditions are in place, the UN may support the establishment of DDR programmes. Other DDR-related tools can also be implemented before, after or along-side DDR programmes, as complementary measures (see table above).While DDR programmes are primarily used to address the security challenges posed by members of armed forces and groups, provisions should be made for the inclusion of other groups (including civilians and youth at risk), depending on resources and local circumstances. National institutions should be supported to determine the policy on direct benefits and reintegration assistance during a DDR programme.Civilians and civil society groups in communities to which members of the above-mentioned groups will return should be consulted during the planning and design phase of DDR programmes, as well as informed and supported in order to assist them to receive ex-combatants and their dependents\/families during the reintegration phase.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":344, "Sentence":"National institutions should be supported to determine the policy on direct benefits and reintegration assistance during a DDR programme.Civilians and civil society groups in communities to which members of the above-mentioned groups will return should be consulted during the planning and design phase of DDR programmes, as well as informed and supported in order to assist them to receive ex-combatants and their dependents\/families during the reintegration phase.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR national institution supported determine policy direct benefit reintegration assistance ddr programme.civilians civil society group community member abovementioned group return consulted planning design phase ddr programme well informed supported order assist receive excombatants dependents\/families reintegration phase ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Who is DDR for?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Five categories of people should be taken into consideration, as participants and beneficiaries, in integrated DDR processes. This will depend on the context, and the particular combination of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support in use: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees\/victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees\/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.Consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses in each of these five categories.National actors, such as Governments, political parties, the military, signatory and non-signatory armed groups, non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations and the media are all stakeholders in integrated DDR processes along with international actors.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":345, "Sentence":"Five categories of people should be taken into consideration, as participants and beneficiaries, in integrated DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR five category people taken consideration participant beneficiary integrated ddr process ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Who is DDR for?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Five categories of people should be taken into consideration, as participants and beneficiaries, in integrated DDR processes. This will depend on the context, and the particular combination of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support in use: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees\/victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees\/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.Consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses in each of these five categories.National actors, such as Governments, political parties, the military, signatory and non-signatory armed groups, non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations and the media are all stakeholders in integrated DDR processes along with international actors.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":345, "Sentence":"This will depend on the context, and the particular combination of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support in use: \\n1.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR depend context particular combination ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support use n1 ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Who is DDR for?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Five categories of people should be taken into consideration, as participants and beneficiaries, in integrated DDR processes. This will depend on the context, and the particular combination of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support in use: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees\/victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees\/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.Consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses in each of these five categories.National actors, such as Governments, political parties, the military, signatory and non-signatory armed groups, non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations and the media are all stakeholders in integrated DDR processes along with international actors.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":345, "Sentence":"members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR member armed force group served combat and\/or support role support role often referred associated armed force group n2 ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Who is DDR for?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Five categories of people should be taken into consideration, as participants and beneficiaries, in integrated DDR processes. This will depend on the context, and the particular combination of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support in use: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees\/victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees\/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.Consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses in each of these five categories.National actors, such as Governments, political parties, the military, signatory and non-signatory armed groups, non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations and the media are all stakeholders in integrated DDR processes along with international actors.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":345, "Sentence":"abductees\/victims; \\n3.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR abductees\/victims n3 ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Who is DDR for?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Five categories of people should be taken into consideration, as participants and beneficiaries, in integrated DDR processes. This will depend on the context, and the particular combination of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support in use: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees\/victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees\/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.Consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses in each of these five categories.National actors, such as Governments, political parties, the military, signatory and non-signatory armed groups, non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations and the media are all stakeholders in integrated DDR processes along with international actors.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":345, "Sentence":"dependents\/families; \\n4.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR dependents\/families n4 ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Who is DDR for?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Five categories of people should be taken into consideration, as participants and beneficiaries, in integrated DDR processes. This will depend on the context, and the particular combination of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support in use: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees\/victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees\/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.Consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses in each of these five categories.National actors, such as Governments, political parties, the military, signatory and non-signatory armed groups, non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations and the media are all stakeholders in integrated DDR processes along with international actors.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":345, "Sentence":"civilian returnees\/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR civilian returnees\/ \u2019 selfdemobilized \u2019 n5 ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Who is DDR for?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Five categories of people should be taken into consideration, as participants and beneficiaries, in integrated DDR processes. This will depend on the context, and the particular combination of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support in use: \\n1. members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n2. abductees\/victims; \\n3. dependents\/families; \\n4. civilian returnees\/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; \\n5. community members.Consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses in each of these five categories.National actors, such as Governments, political parties, the military, signatory and non-signatory armed groups, non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations and the media are all stakeholders in integrated DDR processes along with international actors.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":345, "Sentence":"community members.Consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses in each of these five categories.National actors, such as Governments, political parties, the military, signatory and non-signatory armed groups, non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations and the media are all stakeholders in integrated DDR processes along with international actors.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR community members.consideration given addressing specific need woman youth child person disability person chronic illness five categories.national actor government political party military signatory nonsignatory armed group nongovernmental organization civil society organization medium stakeholder integrated ddr process along international actor ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"All UN DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support shall be voluntary, people-centred, gender-responsive and inclusive, conflict sensitive, context specific, flexible, accountable and transparent, nationally and locally owned, regionally supported, integrated and well planned.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":346, "Sentence":"All UN DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support shall be voluntary, people-centred, gender-responsive and inclusive, conflict sensitive, context specific, flexible, accountable and transparent, nationally and locally owned, regionally supported, integrated and well planned.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR un ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support shall voluntary peoplecentred genderresponsive inclusive conflict sensitive context specific flexible accountable transparent nationally locally owned regionally supported integrated well planned ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR shall be a voluntary process for both armed forces and groups, both as organizations and individual (ex)combatants. Groups and individuals shall not be coerced to participate. This principle has become even more important, but contested, in contemporary conflict environments where the participation of some combatants in nationally, locally, or privately supported efforts is arguably involuntary, for example as a result of their capture on the battlefield or their being forced into a DDR programme under duress.Integrated DDR should not be conflated with military operations or counter-insurgency strategies. Although the UN does not generally engage in detention operations and DDR has traditionally been a voluntary process, the nature of conflict environments and the growing potential for overlap with State-led efforts countering violent extremism and counter-terrorism has increased the likelihood that the UN and other actors engaging in DDR may be faced with detention-related dilemmas. DDR practitioners should therefore pay particular attention to such questions when operating in complex conflict environments and seek legal advice if confronted with surrendered or captured combatants in overt military operations, or if there are any concerns regarding the voluntariness of persons participating in DDR. They should also be aware of requirements contained in Chapter VII resolutions of the Security Council that, among other things, call for Member States to bring terrorists to justice and oblige national authorities to ensure the prosecution of suspected terrorists as appropriate (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":347, "Sentence":"Integrated DDR shall be a voluntary process for both armed forces and groups, both as organizations and individual (ex)combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR integrated ddr shall voluntary process armed force group organization individual excombatants ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR shall be a voluntary process for both armed forces and groups, both as organizations and individual (ex)combatants. Groups and individuals shall not be coerced to participate. This principle has become even more important, but contested, in contemporary conflict environments where the participation of some combatants in nationally, locally, or privately supported efforts is arguably involuntary, for example as a result of their capture on the battlefield or their being forced into a DDR programme under duress.Integrated DDR should not be conflated with military operations or counter-insurgency strategies. Although the UN does not generally engage in detention operations and DDR has traditionally been a voluntary process, the nature of conflict environments and the growing potential for overlap with State-led efforts countering violent extremism and counter-terrorism has increased the likelihood that the UN and other actors engaging in DDR may be faced with detention-related dilemmas. DDR practitioners should therefore pay particular attention to such questions when operating in complex conflict environments and seek legal advice if confronted with surrendered or captured combatants in overt military operations, or if there are any concerns regarding the voluntariness of persons participating in DDR. They should also be aware of requirements contained in Chapter VII resolutions of the Security Council that, among other things, call for Member States to bring terrorists to justice and oblige national authorities to ensure the prosecution of suspected terrorists as appropriate (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":347, "Sentence":"Groups and individuals shall not be coerced to participate.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR group individual shall coerced participate ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR shall be a voluntary process for both armed forces and groups, both as organizations and individual (ex)combatants. Groups and individuals shall not be coerced to participate. This principle has become even more important, but contested, in contemporary conflict environments where the participation of some combatants in nationally, locally, or privately supported efforts is arguably involuntary, for example as a result of their capture on the battlefield or their being forced into a DDR programme under duress.Integrated DDR should not be conflated with military operations or counter-insurgency strategies. Although the UN does not generally engage in detention operations and DDR has traditionally been a voluntary process, the nature of conflict environments and the growing potential for overlap with State-led efforts countering violent extremism and counter-terrorism has increased the likelihood that the UN and other actors engaging in DDR may be faced with detention-related dilemmas. DDR practitioners should therefore pay particular attention to such questions when operating in complex conflict environments and seek legal advice if confronted with surrendered or captured combatants in overt military operations, or if there are any concerns regarding the voluntariness of persons participating in DDR. They should also be aware of requirements contained in Chapter VII resolutions of the Security Council that, among other things, call for Member States to bring terrorists to justice and oblige national authorities to ensure the prosecution of suspected terrorists as appropriate (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":347, "Sentence":"This principle has become even more important, but contested, in contemporary conflict environments where the participation of some combatants in nationally, locally, or privately supported efforts is arguably involuntary, for example as a result of their capture on the battlefield or their being forced into a DDR programme under duress.Integrated DDR should not be conflated with military operations or counter-insurgency strategies.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR principle become even important contested contemporary conflict environment participation combatant nationally locally privately supported effort arguably involuntary example result capture battlefield forced ddr programme duress.integrated ddr conflated military operation counterinsurgency strategy ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR shall be a voluntary process for both armed forces and groups, both as organizations and individual (ex)combatants. Groups and individuals shall not be coerced to participate. This principle has become even more important, but contested, in contemporary conflict environments where the participation of some combatants in nationally, locally, or privately supported efforts is arguably involuntary, for example as a result of their capture on the battlefield or their being forced into a DDR programme under duress.Integrated DDR should not be conflated with military operations or counter-insurgency strategies. Although the UN does not generally engage in detention operations and DDR has traditionally been a voluntary process, the nature of conflict environments and the growing potential for overlap with State-led efforts countering violent extremism and counter-terrorism has increased the likelihood that the UN and other actors engaging in DDR may be faced with detention-related dilemmas. DDR practitioners should therefore pay particular attention to such questions when operating in complex conflict environments and seek legal advice if confronted with surrendered or captured combatants in overt military operations, or if there are any concerns regarding the voluntariness of persons participating in DDR. They should also be aware of requirements contained in Chapter VII resolutions of the Security Council that, among other things, call for Member States to bring terrorists to justice and oblige national authorities to ensure the prosecution of suspected terrorists as appropriate (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":347, "Sentence":"Although the UN does not generally engage in detention operations and DDR has traditionally been a voluntary process, the nature of conflict environments and the growing potential for overlap with State-led efforts countering violent extremism and counter-terrorism has increased the likelihood that the UN and other actors engaging in DDR may be faced with detention-related dilemmas.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR although un generally engage detention operation ddr traditionally voluntary process nature conflict environment growing potential overlap stateled effort countering violent extremism counterterrorism increased likelihood un actor engaging ddr may faced detentionrelated dilemma ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR shall be a voluntary process for both armed forces and groups, both as organizations and individual (ex)combatants. Groups and individuals shall not be coerced to participate. This principle has become even more important, but contested, in contemporary conflict environments where the participation of some combatants in nationally, locally, or privately supported efforts is arguably involuntary, for example as a result of their capture on the battlefield or their being forced into a DDR programme under duress.Integrated DDR should not be conflated with military operations or counter-insurgency strategies. Although the UN does not generally engage in detention operations and DDR has traditionally been a voluntary process, the nature of conflict environments and the growing potential for overlap with State-led efforts countering violent extremism and counter-terrorism has increased the likelihood that the UN and other actors engaging in DDR may be faced with detention-related dilemmas. DDR practitioners should therefore pay particular attention to such questions when operating in complex conflict environments and seek legal advice if confronted with surrendered or captured combatants in overt military operations, or if there are any concerns regarding the voluntariness of persons participating in DDR. They should also be aware of requirements contained in Chapter VII resolutions of the Security Council that, among other things, call for Member States to bring terrorists to justice and oblige national authorities to ensure the prosecution of suspected terrorists as appropriate (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":347, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should therefore pay particular attention to such questions when operating in complex conflict environments and seek legal advice if confronted with surrendered or captured combatants in overt military operations, or if there are any concerns regarding the voluntariness of persons participating in DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ddr practitioner therefore pay particular attention question operating complex conflict environment seek legal advice confronted surrendered captured combatant overt military operation concern regarding voluntariness person participating ddr ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR shall be a voluntary process for both armed forces and groups, both as organizations and individual (ex)combatants. Groups and individuals shall not be coerced to participate. This principle has become even more important, but contested, in contemporary conflict environments where the participation of some combatants in nationally, locally, or privately supported efforts is arguably involuntary, for example as a result of their capture on the battlefield or their being forced into a DDR programme under duress.Integrated DDR should not be conflated with military operations or counter-insurgency strategies. Although the UN does not generally engage in detention operations and DDR has traditionally been a voluntary process, the nature of conflict environments and the growing potential for overlap with State-led efforts countering violent extremism and counter-terrorism has increased the likelihood that the UN and other actors engaging in DDR may be faced with detention-related dilemmas. DDR practitioners should therefore pay particular attention to such questions when operating in complex conflict environments and seek legal advice if confronted with surrendered or captured combatants in overt military operations, or if there are any concerns regarding the voluntariness of persons participating in DDR. They should also be aware of requirements contained in Chapter VII resolutions of the Security Council that, among other things, call for Member States to bring terrorists to justice and oblige national authorities to ensure the prosecution of suspected terrorists as appropriate (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":347, "Sentence":"They should also be aware of requirements contained in Chapter VII resolutions of the Security Council that, among other things, call for Member States to bring terrorists to justice and oblige national authorities to ensure the prosecution of suspected terrorists as appropriate (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR also aware requirement contained chapter vii resolution security council among thing call member state bring terrorist justice oblige national authority ensure prosecution suspected terrorist appropriate see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.1. Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Determining the criteria that define which people are eligible to participate in integrated DDR, particularly in situations where mainly armed groups are involved, is vital if aims are to be achieved. In DDR programmes, eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and ready for use in the disarmament and demobilization stages. DDR programmes are aimed at combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. These groups may be composed of different categories of people who have participated in the conflict within armed forces and groups such as abductees\/victims or dependents\/families.In instances where the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, or where combatants are ineligible for DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, such as CVR, or support to reintegration may be provided. Determination of eligibility for these activities should be undertaken by relevant national and local authorities with support from UN missions, agencies, programmes and funds as appropriate. Armed groups in particular have a variety of structures \u2013 rebel groups, armed gangs, etc. In order to provide the best assistance, operational and implementation strategies that deal with their specific needs should be adopted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":348, "Sentence":"Determining the criteria that define which people are eligible to participate in integrated DDR, particularly in situations where mainly armed groups are involved, is vital if aims are to be achieved.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR determining criterion define people eligible participate integrated ddr particularly situation mainly armed group involved vital aim achieved ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.1. Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Determining the criteria that define which people are eligible to participate in integrated DDR, particularly in situations where mainly armed groups are involved, is vital if aims are to be achieved. In DDR programmes, eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and ready for use in the disarmament and demobilization stages. DDR programmes are aimed at combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. These groups may be composed of different categories of people who have participated in the conflict within armed forces and groups such as abductees\/victims or dependents\/families.In instances where the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, or where combatants are ineligible for DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, such as CVR, or support to reintegration may be provided. Determination of eligibility for these activities should be undertaken by relevant national and local authorities with support from UN missions, agencies, programmes and funds as appropriate. Armed groups in particular have a variety of structures \u2013 rebel groups, armed gangs, etc. In order to provide the best assistance, operational and implementation strategies that deal with their specific needs should be adopted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":348, "Sentence":"In DDR programmes, eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and ready for use in the disarmament and demobilization stages.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ddr programme eligibility criterion must carefully designed ready use disarmament demobilization stage ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.1. Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Determining the criteria that define which people are eligible to participate in integrated DDR, particularly in situations where mainly armed groups are involved, is vital if aims are to be achieved. In DDR programmes, eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and ready for use in the disarmament and demobilization stages. DDR programmes are aimed at combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. These groups may be composed of different categories of people who have participated in the conflict within armed forces and groups such as abductees\/victims or dependents\/families.In instances where the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, or where combatants are ineligible for DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, such as CVR, or support to reintegration may be provided. Determination of eligibility for these activities should be undertaken by relevant national and local authorities with support from UN missions, agencies, programmes and funds as appropriate. Armed groups in particular have a variety of structures \u2013 rebel groups, armed gangs, etc. In order to provide the best assistance, operational and implementation strategies that deal with their specific needs should be adopted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":348, "Sentence":"DDR programmes are aimed at combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ddr programme aimed combatant person associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.1. Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Determining the criteria that define which people are eligible to participate in integrated DDR, particularly in situations where mainly armed groups are involved, is vital if aims are to be achieved. In DDR programmes, eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and ready for use in the disarmament and demobilization stages. DDR programmes are aimed at combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. These groups may be composed of different categories of people who have participated in the conflict within armed forces and groups such as abductees\/victims or dependents\/families.In instances where the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, or where combatants are ineligible for DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, such as CVR, or support to reintegration may be provided. Determination of eligibility for these activities should be undertaken by relevant national and local authorities with support from UN missions, agencies, programmes and funds as appropriate. Armed groups in particular have a variety of structures \u2013 rebel groups, armed gangs, etc. In order to provide the best assistance, operational and implementation strategies that deal with their specific needs should be adopted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":348, "Sentence":"These groups may be composed of different categories of people who have participated in the conflict within armed forces and groups such as abductees\/victims or dependents\/families.In instances where the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, or where combatants are ineligible for DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, such as CVR, or support to reintegration may be provided.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR group may composed different category people participated conflict within armed force group abductees\/victims dependents\/families.in instance precondition ddr programme place combatant ineligible ddr programme ddrrelated tool cvr support reintegration may provided ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.1. Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Determining the criteria that define which people are eligible to participate in integrated DDR, particularly in situations where mainly armed groups are involved, is vital if aims are to be achieved. In DDR programmes, eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and ready for use in the disarmament and demobilization stages. DDR programmes are aimed at combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. These groups may be composed of different categories of people who have participated in the conflict within armed forces and groups such as abductees\/victims or dependents\/families.In instances where the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, or where combatants are ineligible for DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, such as CVR, or support to reintegration may be provided. Determination of eligibility for these activities should be undertaken by relevant national and local authorities with support from UN missions, agencies, programmes and funds as appropriate. Armed groups in particular have a variety of structures \u2013 rebel groups, armed gangs, etc. In order to provide the best assistance, operational and implementation strategies that deal with their specific needs should be adopted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":348, "Sentence":"Determination of eligibility for these activities should be undertaken by relevant national and local authorities with support from UN missions, agencies, programmes and funds as appropriate.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR determination eligibility activity undertaken relevant national local authority support un mission agency programme fund appropriate ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.1. Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Determining the criteria that define which people are eligible to participate in integrated DDR, particularly in situations where mainly armed groups are involved, is vital if aims are to be achieved. In DDR programmes, eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and ready for use in the disarmament and demobilization stages. DDR programmes are aimed at combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. These groups may be composed of different categories of people who have participated in the conflict within armed forces and groups such as abductees\/victims or dependents\/families.In instances where the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, or where combatants are ineligible for DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, such as CVR, or support to reintegration may be provided. Determination of eligibility for these activities should be undertaken by relevant national and local authorities with support from UN missions, agencies, programmes and funds as appropriate. Armed groups in particular have a variety of structures \u2013 rebel groups, armed gangs, etc. In order to provide the best assistance, operational and implementation strategies that deal with their specific needs should be adopted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":348, "Sentence":"Armed groups in particular have a variety of structures \u2013 rebel groups, armed gangs, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR armed group particular variety structure \u2013 rebel group armed gang etc ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.1. Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Determining the criteria that define which people are eligible to participate in integrated DDR, particularly in situations where mainly armed groups are involved, is vital if aims are to be achieved. In DDR programmes, eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and ready for use in the disarmament and demobilization stages. DDR programmes are aimed at combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. These groups may be composed of different categories of people who have participated in the conflict within armed forces and groups such as abductees\/victims or dependents\/families.In instances where the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, or where combatants are ineligible for DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, such as CVR, or support to reintegration may be provided. Determination of eligibility for these activities should be undertaken by relevant national and local authorities with support from UN missions, agencies, programmes and funds as appropriate. Armed groups in particular have a variety of structures \u2013 rebel groups, armed gangs, etc. In order to provide the best assistance, operational and implementation strategies that deal with their specific needs should be adopted.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":348, "Sentence":"In order to provide the best assistance, operational and implementation strategies that deal with their specific needs should be adopted.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR order provide best assistance operational implementation strategy deal specific need adopted ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.2. Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/ or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools. UN-supported DDR interventions shall not be allowed to encourage the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups in any way, especially by commanders trying to increase the number of combatants entering DDR programmes in order to profit from assistance provided to combatants. When DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are implemented, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection agencies. Children will then be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Only child protection practitioners should interview children associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":349, "Sentence":"The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/ or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR unconditional immediate release child associated armed force group must priority irrespective status peace negotiation and\/ development ddr programme ddrrelated tool ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.2. Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/ or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools. UN-supported DDR interventions shall not be allowed to encourage the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups in any way, especially by commanders trying to increase the number of combatants entering DDR programmes in order to profit from assistance provided to combatants. When DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are implemented, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection agencies. Children will then be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Only child protection practitioners should interview children associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":349, "Sentence":"UN-supported DDR interventions shall not be allowed to encourage the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups in any way, especially by commanders trying to increase the number of combatants entering DDR programmes in order to profit from assistance provided to combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR unsupported ddr intervention shall allowed encourage recruitment child armed force group way especially commander trying increase number combatant entering ddr programme order profit assistance provided combatant ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.2. Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/ or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools. UN-supported DDR interventions shall not be allowed to encourage the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups in any way, especially by commanders trying to increase the number of combatants entering DDR programmes in order to profit from assistance provided to combatants. When DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are implemented, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection agencies. Children will then be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Only child protection practitioners should interview children associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":349, "Sentence":"When DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are implemented, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection agencies.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support implemented child shall separated armed force group handed child protection agency ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.2. Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/ or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools. UN-supported DDR interventions shall not be allowed to encourage the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups in any way, especially by commanders trying to increase the number of combatants entering DDR programmes in order to profit from assistance provided to combatants. When DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are implemented, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection agencies. Children will then be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Only child protection practitioners should interview children associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":349, "Sentence":"Children will then be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR child supported demobilize reintegrate family community see iddrs 5.30 child ddr ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.2. Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/ or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools. UN-supported DDR interventions shall not be allowed to encourage the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups in any way, especially by commanders trying to increase the number of combatants entering DDR programmes in order to profit from assistance provided to combatants. When DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are implemented, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection agencies. Children will then be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Only child protection practitioners should interview children associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":349, "Sentence":"Only child protection practitioners should interview children associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR child protection practitioner interview child associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"UN-supported integrated DDR processes promote the human rights of participants and the communities into which they integrate, and are conducted in line with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law. The UN and its partners should be neutral, transparent and impartial, and should not take sides in any conflict or in political, racial, religious or ideological controversies, or give preferential treatment to different parties taking part in DDR.Neutrality within a rights-based approach should not, however, prevent UN personnel from protesting against or documenting human rights violations or taking some other action (e.g., advocacy, simple presence, political steps, local negotiations, etc.) to prevent them. Under the UN\u2019s Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP), providers of support have a responsibility to monitor the related human rights context, to suspend support under certain circumstances and to engage with national authorities towards addressing violations. Where one or more parties or individuals violate agreements and undertakings, the UN can take appropriate remedial action and\/or exclude individuals from DDR.Humanitarian aid must be delivered to all those who are suffering, according to their need, and human rights provide the framework on which an assessment of needs is based. However, mechanisms must also be designed to prevent those who have committed violations of human rights from going unpunished by ensuring that DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support do not operate as a reward system for the worst violators. In many post-conflict situations, there is often a tension between reconciliation and justice, but efforts must be made to ensure that serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law by ex-combatants and their supporters are dealt with through appropriate national and international legal and\/or transitional justice mechanisms.Children released from their association with armed forces and groups who have committed war crimes and mass violations of human rights may also be criminally responsible under national law, though any criminal responsibility must be in accordance with international juvenile justice standards and the International Criminal Court Policy on Children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).UN-supported DDR interventions should take into consideration local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability, as well as respect for the rule of law, including any accountability, justice and reconciliation mechanisms that may be established with respect to crimes committed in a particular Member State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of the local context.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":350, "Sentence":"UN-supported integrated DDR processes promote the human rights of participants and the communities into which they integrate, and are conducted in line with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR unsupported integrated ddr process promote human right participant community integrate conducted line international humanitarian human right refugee law ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"UN-supported integrated DDR processes promote the human rights of participants and the communities into which they integrate, and are conducted in line with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law. The UN and its partners should be neutral, transparent and impartial, and should not take sides in any conflict or in political, racial, religious or ideological controversies, or give preferential treatment to different parties taking part in DDR.Neutrality within a rights-based approach should not, however, prevent UN personnel from protesting against or documenting human rights violations or taking some other action (e.g., advocacy, simple presence, political steps, local negotiations, etc.) to prevent them. Under the UN\u2019s Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP), providers of support have a responsibility to monitor the related human rights context, to suspend support under certain circumstances and to engage with national authorities towards addressing violations. Where one or more parties or individuals violate agreements and undertakings, the UN can take appropriate remedial action and\/or exclude individuals from DDR.Humanitarian aid must be delivered to all those who are suffering, according to their need, and human rights provide the framework on which an assessment of needs is based. However, mechanisms must also be designed to prevent those who have committed violations of human rights from going unpunished by ensuring that DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support do not operate as a reward system for the worst violators. In many post-conflict situations, there is often a tension between reconciliation and justice, but efforts must be made to ensure that serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law by ex-combatants and their supporters are dealt with through appropriate national and international legal and\/or transitional justice mechanisms.Children released from their association with armed forces and groups who have committed war crimes and mass violations of human rights may also be criminally responsible under national law, though any criminal responsibility must be in accordance with international juvenile justice standards and the International Criminal Court Policy on Children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).UN-supported DDR interventions should take into consideration local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability, as well as respect for the rule of law, including any accountability, justice and reconciliation mechanisms that may be established with respect to crimes committed in a particular Member State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of the local context.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":350, "Sentence":"The UN and its partners should be neutral, transparent and impartial, and should not take sides in any conflict or in political, racial, religious or ideological controversies, or give preferential treatment to different parties taking part in DDR.Neutrality within a rights-based approach should not, however, prevent UN personnel from protesting against or documenting human rights violations or taking some other action (e.g., advocacy, simple presence, political steps, local negotiations, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR un partner neutral transparent impartial take side conflict political racial religious ideological controversy give preferential treatment different party taking part ddr.neutrality within rightsbased approach however prevent un personnel protesting documenting human right violation taking action e.g . advocacy simple presence political step local negotiation etc ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"UN-supported integrated DDR processes promote the human rights of participants and the communities into which they integrate, and are conducted in line with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law. The UN and its partners should be neutral, transparent and impartial, and should not take sides in any conflict or in political, racial, religious or ideological controversies, or give preferential treatment to different parties taking part in DDR.Neutrality within a rights-based approach should not, however, prevent UN personnel from protesting against or documenting human rights violations or taking some other action (e.g., advocacy, simple presence, political steps, local negotiations, etc.) to prevent them. Under the UN\u2019s Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP), providers of support have a responsibility to monitor the related human rights context, to suspend support under certain circumstances and to engage with national authorities towards addressing violations. Where one or more parties or individuals violate agreements and undertakings, the UN can take appropriate remedial action and\/or exclude individuals from DDR.Humanitarian aid must be delivered to all those who are suffering, according to their need, and human rights provide the framework on which an assessment of needs is based. However, mechanisms must also be designed to prevent those who have committed violations of human rights from going unpunished by ensuring that DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support do not operate as a reward system for the worst violators. In many post-conflict situations, there is often a tension between reconciliation and justice, but efforts must be made to ensure that serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law by ex-combatants and their supporters are dealt with through appropriate national and international legal and\/or transitional justice mechanisms.Children released from their association with armed forces and groups who have committed war crimes and mass violations of human rights may also be criminally responsible under national law, though any criminal responsibility must be in accordance with international juvenile justice standards and the International Criminal Court Policy on Children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).UN-supported DDR interventions should take into consideration local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability, as well as respect for the rule of law, including any accountability, justice and reconciliation mechanisms that may be established with respect to crimes committed in a particular Member State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of the local context.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":350, "Sentence":"to prevent them.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR prevent ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"UN-supported integrated DDR processes promote the human rights of participants and the communities into which they integrate, and are conducted in line with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law. The UN and its partners should be neutral, transparent and impartial, and should not take sides in any conflict or in political, racial, religious or ideological controversies, or give preferential treatment to different parties taking part in DDR.Neutrality within a rights-based approach should not, however, prevent UN personnel from protesting against or documenting human rights violations or taking some other action (e.g., advocacy, simple presence, political steps, local negotiations, etc.) to prevent them. Under the UN\u2019s Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP), providers of support have a responsibility to monitor the related human rights context, to suspend support under certain circumstances and to engage with national authorities towards addressing violations. Where one or more parties or individuals violate agreements and undertakings, the UN can take appropriate remedial action and\/or exclude individuals from DDR.Humanitarian aid must be delivered to all those who are suffering, according to their need, and human rights provide the framework on which an assessment of needs is based. However, mechanisms must also be designed to prevent those who have committed violations of human rights from going unpunished by ensuring that DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support do not operate as a reward system for the worst violators. In many post-conflict situations, there is often a tension between reconciliation and justice, but efforts must be made to ensure that serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law by ex-combatants and their supporters are dealt with through appropriate national and international legal and\/or transitional justice mechanisms.Children released from their association with armed forces and groups who have committed war crimes and mass violations of human rights may also be criminally responsible under national law, though any criminal responsibility must be in accordance with international juvenile justice standards and the International Criminal Court Policy on Children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).UN-supported DDR interventions should take into consideration local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability, as well as respect for the rule of law, including any accountability, justice and reconciliation mechanisms that may be established with respect to crimes committed in a particular Member State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of the local context.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":350, "Sentence":"Under the UN\u2019s Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP), providers of support have a responsibility to monitor the related human rights context, to suspend support under certain circumstances and to engage with national authorities towards addressing violations.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR un \u2019 human right due diligence policy hrddp provider support responsibility monitor related human right context suspend support certain circumstance engage national authority towards addressing violation ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"UN-supported integrated DDR processes promote the human rights of participants and the communities into which they integrate, and are conducted in line with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law. The UN and its partners should be neutral, transparent and impartial, and should not take sides in any conflict or in political, racial, religious or ideological controversies, or give preferential treatment to different parties taking part in DDR.Neutrality within a rights-based approach should not, however, prevent UN personnel from protesting against or documenting human rights violations or taking some other action (e.g., advocacy, simple presence, political steps, local negotiations, etc.) to prevent them. Under the UN\u2019s Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP), providers of support have a responsibility to monitor the related human rights context, to suspend support under certain circumstances and to engage with national authorities towards addressing violations. Where one or more parties or individuals violate agreements and undertakings, the UN can take appropriate remedial action and\/or exclude individuals from DDR.Humanitarian aid must be delivered to all those who are suffering, according to their need, and human rights provide the framework on which an assessment of needs is based. However, mechanisms must also be designed to prevent those who have committed violations of human rights from going unpunished by ensuring that DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support do not operate as a reward system for the worst violators. In many post-conflict situations, there is often a tension between reconciliation and justice, but efforts must be made to ensure that serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law by ex-combatants and their supporters are dealt with through appropriate national and international legal and\/or transitional justice mechanisms.Children released from their association with armed forces and groups who have committed war crimes and mass violations of human rights may also be criminally responsible under national law, though any criminal responsibility must be in accordance with international juvenile justice standards and the International Criminal Court Policy on Children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).UN-supported DDR interventions should take into consideration local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability, as well as respect for the rule of law, including any accountability, justice and reconciliation mechanisms that may be established with respect to crimes committed in a particular Member State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of the local context.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":350, "Sentence":"Where one or more parties or individuals violate agreements and undertakings, the UN can take appropriate remedial action and\/or exclude individuals from DDR.Humanitarian aid must be delivered to all those who are suffering, according to their need, and human rights provide the framework on which an assessment of needs is based.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR one party individual violate agreement undertaking un take appropriate remedial action and\/or exclude individual ddr.humanitarian aid must delivered suffering according need human right provide framework assessment need based ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"UN-supported integrated DDR processes promote the human rights of participants and the communities into which they integrate, and are conducted in line with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law. The UN and its partners should be neutral, transparent and impartial, and should not take sides in any conflict or in political, racial, religious or ideological controversies, or give preferential treatment to different parties taking part in DDR.Neutrality within a rights-based approach should not, however, prevent UN personnel from protesting against or documenting human rights violations or taking some other action (e.g., advocacy, simple presence, political steps, local negotiations, etc.) to prevent them. Under the UN\u2019s Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP), providers of support have a responsibility to monitor the related human rights context, to suspend support under certain circumstances and to engage with national authorities towards addressing violations. Where one or more parties or individuals violate agreements and undertakings, the UN can take appropriate remedial action and\/or exclude individuals from DDR.Humanitarian aid must be delivered to all those who are suffering, according to their need, and human rights provide the framework on which an assessment of needs is based. However, mechanisms must also be designed to prevent those who have committed violations of human rights from going unpunished by ensuring that DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support do not operate as a reward system for the worst violators. In many post-conflict situations, there is often a tension between reconciliation and justice, but efforts must be made to ensure that serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law by ex-combatants and their supporters are dealt with through appropriate national and international legal and\/or transitional justice mechanisms.Children released from their association with armed forces and groups who have committed war crimes and mass violations of human rights may also be criminally responsible under national law, though any criminal responsibility must be in accordance with international juvenile justice standards and the International Criminal Court Policy on Children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).UN-supported DDR interventions should take into consideration local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability, as well as respect for the rule of law, including any accountability, justice and reconciliation mechanisms that may be established with respect to crimes committed in a particular Member State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of the local context.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":350, "Sentence":"However, mechanisms must also be designed to prevent those who have committed violations of human rights from going unpunished by ensuring that DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support do not operate as a reward system for the worst violators.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR however mechanism must also designed prevent committed violation human right going unpunished ensuring ddr programme related tool reintegration support operate reward system worst violator ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"UN-supported integrated DDR processes promote the human rights of participants and the communities into which they integrate, and are conducted in line with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law. The UN and its partners should be neutral, transparent and impartial, and should not take sides in any conflict or in political, racial, religious or ideological controversies, or give preferential treatment to different parties taking part in DDR.Neutrality within a rights-based approach should not, however, prevent UN personnel from protesting against or documenting human rights violations or taking some other action (e.g., advocacy, simple presence, political steps, local negotiations, etc.) to prevent them. Under the UN\u2019s Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP), providers of support have a responsibility to monitor the related human rights context, to suspend support under certain circumstances and to engage with national authorities towards addressing violations. Where one or more parties or individuals violate agreements and undertakings, the UN can take appropriate remedial action and\/or exclude individuals from DDR.Humanitarian aid must be delivered to all those who are suffering, according to their need, and human rights provide the framework on which an assessment of needs is based. However, mechanisms must also be designed to prevent those who have committed violations of human rights from going unpunished by ensuring that DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support do not operate as a reward system for the worst violators. In many post-conflict situations, there is often a tension between reconciliation and justice, but efforts must be made to ensure that serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law by ex-combatants and their supporters are dealt with through appropriate national and international legal and\/or transitional justice mechanisms.Children released from their association with armed forces and groups who have committed war crimes and mass violations of human rights may also be criminally responsible under national law, though any criminal responsibility must be in accordance with international juvenile justice standards and the International Criminal Court Policy on Children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).UN-supported DDR interventions should take into consideration local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability, as well as respect for the rule of law, including any accountability, justice and reconciliation mechanisms that may be established with respect to crimes committed in a particular Member State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of the local context.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":350, "Sentence":"In many post-conflict situations, there is often a tension between reconciliation and justice, but efforts must be made to ensure that serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law by ex-combatants and their supporters are dealt with through appropriate national and international legal and\/or transitional justice mechanisms.Children released from their association with armed forces and groups who have committed war crimes and mass violations of human rights may also be criminally responsible under national law, though any criminal responsibility must be in accordance with international juvenile justice standards and the International Criminal Court Policy on Children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).UN-supported DDR interventions should take into consideration local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability, as well as respect for the rule of law, including any accountability, justice and reconciliation mechanisms that may be established with respect to crimes committed in a particular Member State.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR many postconflict situation often tension reconciliation justice effort must made ensure serious violation human right humanitarian law excombatants supporter dealt appropriate national international legal and\/or transitional justice mechanisms.children released association armed force group committed war crime mass violation human right may also criminally responsible national law though criminal responsibility must accordance international juvenile justice standard international criminal court policy child see iddrs 5.20 youth ddr iddrs 5.30 child ddr.unsupported ddr intervention take consideration local international mechanism achieving justice accountability well respect rule law including accountability justice reconciliation mechanism may established respect crime committed particular member state ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"8.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"UN-supported integrated DDR processes promote the human rights of participants and the communities into which they integrate, and are conducted in line with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law. The UN and its partners should be neutral, transparent and impartial, and should not take sides in any conflict or in political, racial, religious or ideological controversies, or give preferential treatment to different parties taking part in DDR.Neutrality within a rights-based approach should not, however, prevent UN personnel from protesting against or documenting human rights violations or taking some other action (e.g., advocacy, simple presence, political steps, local negotiations, etc.) to prevent them. Under the UN\u2019s Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP), providers of support have a responsibility to monitor the related human rights context, to suspend support under certain circumstances and to engage with national authorities towards addressing violations. Where one or more parties or individuals violate agreements and undertakings, the UN can take appropriate remedial action and\/or exclude individuals from DDR.Humanitarian aid must be delivered to all those who are suffering, according to their need, and human rights provide the framework on which an assessment of needs is based. However, mechanisms must also be designed to prevent those who have committed violations of human rights from going unpunished by ensuring that DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support do not operate as a reward system for the worst violators. In many post-conflict situations, there is often a tension between reconciliation and justice, but efforts must be made to ensure that serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law by ex-combatants and their supporters are dealt with through appropriate national and international legal and\/or transitional justice mechanisms.Children released from their association with armed forces and groups who have committed war crimes and mass violations of human rights may also be criminally responsible under national law, though any criminal responsibility must be in accordance with international juvenile justice standards and the International Criminal Court Policy on Children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).UN-supported DDR interventions should take into consideration local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability, as well as respect for the rule of law, including any accountability, justice and reconciliation mechanisms that may be established with respect to crimes committed in a particular Member State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of the local context.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":350, "Sentence":"These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of the local context.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR take various form depending specificity local context ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Like men and boys, women and girls are likely to have played many different roles in armed forces and groups, as fighters, supporters, wives or sex slaves, messengers and cooks. The design and implementation of integrated DDR processes should aim to address the specific needs of women and girls, as well as men and boys, taking into account these different experiences, roles, capacities and responsibilities acquired during and after conflicts. Specific measures should be put in place to ensure the equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of integrated DDR \u2013 from the negotiation of DDR provisions in peace agreements and the establishment of national institutions, to CVR and community-based reintegration support (see IDDRS 5.10 on Gender and DDR).Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles in both the design and implementation of integrated DDR processes. The eligibility criteria for DDR shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of sex, age, gender identity, race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, political opinion, or other personal characteristics or associations. Furthermore, the opportunities\/benefits that eligible ex-combatants have access to when participating in a particular DDR process shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of their former affiliation with a particular armed force or group.It is likely there will be a need to address potential \u2018spoilers\u2019, e.g., by negotiating \u2018special packages\u2019 for commanders in order to secure their buy-in and to ensure that they allow combatants to participate. This political compromise must be carefully negotiated on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, the inclusion of youth at risk and other non-combatants should also be seen as a measure helping to prevent future recruitment.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":351, "Sentence":"Like men and boys, women and girls are likely to have played many different roles in armed forces and groups, as fighters, supporters, wives or sex slaves, messengers and cooks.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR like men boy woman girl likely played many different role armed force group fighter supporter wife sex slave messenger cook ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Like men and boys, women and girls are likely to have played many different roles in armed forces and groups, as fighters, supporters, wives or sex slaves, messengers and cooks. The design and implementation of integrated DDR processes should aim to address the specific needs of women and girls, as well as men and boys, taking into account these different experiences, roles, capacities and responsibilities acquired during and after conflicts. Specific measures should be put in place to ensure the equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of integrated DDR \u2013 from the negotiation of DDR provisions in peace agreements and the establishment of national institutions, to CVR and community-based reintegration support (see IDDRS 5.10 on Gender and DDR).Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles in both the design and implementation of integrated DDR processes. The eligibility criteria for DDR shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of sex, age, gender identity, race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, political opinion, or other personal characteristics or associations. Furthermore, the opportunities\/benefits that eligible ex-combatants have access to when participating in a particular DDR process shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of their former affiliation with a particular armed force or group.It is likely there will be a need to address potential \u2018spoilers\u2019, e.g., by negotiating \u2018special packages\u2019 for commanders in order to secure their buy-in and to ensure that they allow combatants to participate. This political compromise must be carefully negotiated on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, the inclusion of youth at risk and other non-combatants should also be seen as a measure helping to prevent future recruitment.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":351, "Sentence":"The design and implementation of integrated DDR processes should aim to address the specific needs of women and girls, as well as men and boys, taking into account these different experiences, roles, capacities and responsibilities acquired during and after conflicts.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR design implementation integrated ddr process aim address specific need woman girl well men boy taking account different experience role capacity responsibility acquired conflict ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Like men and boys, women and girls are likely to have played many different roles in armed forces and groups, as fighters, supporters, wives or sex slaves, messengers and cooks. The design and implementation of integrated DDR processes should aim to address the specific needs of women and girls, as well as men and boys, taking into account these different experiences, roles, capacities and responsibilities acquired during and after conflicts. Specific measures should be put in place to ensure the equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of integrated DDR \u2013 from the negotiation of DDR provisions in peace agreements and the establishment of national institutions, to CVR and community-based reintegration support (see IDDRS 5.10 on Gender and DDR).Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles in both the design and implementation of integrated DDR processes. The eligibility criteria for DDR shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of sex, age, gender identity, race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, political opinion, or other personal characteristics or associations. Furthermore, the opportunities\/benefits that eligible ex-combatants have access to when participating in a particular DDR process shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of their former affiliation with a particular armed force or group.It is likely there will be a need to address potential \u2018spoilers\u2019, e.g., by negotiating \u2018special packages\u2019 for commanders in order to secure their buy-in and to ensure that they allow combatants to participate. This political compromise must be carefully negotiated on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, the inclusion of youth at risk and other non-combatants should also be seen as a measure helping to prevent future recruitment.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":351, "Sentence":"Specific measures should be put in place to ensure the equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of integrated DDR \u2013 from the negotiation of DDR provisions in peace agreements and the establishment of national institutions, to CVR and community-based reintegration support (see IDDRS 5.10 on Gender and DDR).Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles in both the design and implementation of integrated DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR specific measure put place ensure equal meaningful participation woman stage integrated ddr \u2013 negotiation ddr provision peace agreement establishment national institution cvr communitybased reintegration support see iddrs 5.10 gender ddr.nondiscrimination fair equitable treatment core principle design implementation integrated ddr process ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Like men and boys, women and girls are likely to have played many different roles in armed forces and groups, as fighters, supporters, wives or sex slaves, messengers and cooks. The design and implementation of integrated DDR processes should aim to address the specific needs of women and girls, as well as men and boys, taking into account these different experiences, roles, capacities and responsibilities acquired during and after conflicts. Specific measures should be put in place to ensure the equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of integrated DDR \u2013 from the negotiation of DDR provisions in peace agreements and the establishment of national institutions, to CVR and community-based reintegration support (see IDDRS 5.10 on Gender and DDR).Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles in both the design and implementation of integrated DDR processes. The eligibility criteria for DDR shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of sex, age, gender identity, race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, political opinion, or other personal characteristics or associations. Furthermore, the opportunities\/benefits that eligible ex-combatants have access to when participating in a particular DDR process shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of their former affiliation with a particular armed force or group.It is likely there will be a need to address potential \u2018spoilers\u2019, e.g., by negotiating \u2018special packages\u2019 for commanders in order to secure their buy-in and to ensure that they allow combatants to participate. This political compromise must be carefully negotiated on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, the inclusion of youth at risk and other non-combatants should also be seen as a measure helping to prevent future recruitment.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":351, "Sentence":"The eligibility criteria for DDR shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of sex, age, gender identity, race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, political opinion, or other personal characteristics or associations.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR eligibility criterion ddr shall discriminate individual basis sex age gender identity race religion nationality ethnic origin political opinion personal characteristic association ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Like men and boys, women and girls are likely to have played many different roles in armed forces and groups, as fighters, supporters, wives or sex slaves, messengers and cooks. The design and implementation of integrated DDR processes should aim to address the specific needs of women and girls, as well as men and boys, taking into account these different experiences, roles, capacities and responsibilities acquired during and after conflicts. Specific measures should be put in place to ensure the equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of integrated DDR \u2013 from the negotiation of DDR provisions in peace agreements and the establishment of national institutions, to CVR and community-based reintegration support (see IDDRS 5.10 on Gender and DDR).Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles in both the design and implementation of integrated DDR processes. The eligibility criteria for DDR shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of sex, age, gender identity, race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, political opinion, or other personal characteristics or associations. Furthermore, the opportunities\/benefits that eligible ex-combatants have access to when participating in a particular DDR process shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of their former affiliation with a particular armed force or group.It is likely there will be a need to address potential \u2018spoilers\u2019, e.g., by negotiating \u2018special packages\u2019 for commanders in order to secure their buy-in and to ensure that they allow combatants to participate. This political compromise must be carefully negotiated on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, the inclusion of youth at risk and other non-combatants should also be seen as a measure helping to prevent future recruitment.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":351, "Sentence":"Furthermore, the opportunities\/benefits that eligible ex-combatants have access to when participating in a particular DDR process shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of their former affiliation with a particular armed force or group.It is likely there will be a need to address potential \u2018spoilers\u2019, e.g., by negotiating \u2018special packages\u2019 for commanders in order to secure their buy-in and to ensure that they allow combatants to participate.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR furthermore opportunities\/benefits eligible excombatants access participating particular ddr process shall discriminate individual basis former affiliation particular armed force group.it likely need address potential \u2018 spoiler \u2019 e.g . negotiating \u2018 special package \u2019 commander order secure buyin ensure allow combatant participate ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Like men and boys, women and girls are likely to have played many different roles in armed forces and groups, as fighters, supporters, wives or sex slaves, messengers and cooks. The design and implementation of integrated DDR processes should aim to address the specific needs of women and girls, as well as men and boys, taking into account these different experiences, roles, capacities and responsibilities acquired during and after conflicts. Specific measures should be put in place to ensure the equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of integrated DDR \u2013 from the negotiation of DDR provisions in peace agreements and the establishment of national institutions, to CVR and community-based reintegration support (see IDDRS 5.10 on Gender and DDR).Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles in both the design and implementation of integrated DDR processes. The eligibility criteria for DDR shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of sex, age, gender identity, race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, political opinion, or other personal characteristics or associations. Furthermore, the opportunities\/benefits that eligible ex-combatants have access to when participating in a particular DDR process shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of their former affiliation with a particular armed force or group.It is likely there will be a need to address potential \u2018spoilers\u2019, e.g., by negotiating \u2018special packages\u2019 for commanders in order to secure their buy-in and to ensure that they allow combatants to participate. This political compromise must be carefully negotiated on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, the inclusion of youth at risk and other non-combatants should also be seen as a measure helping to prevent future recruitment.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":351, "Sentence":"This political compromise must be carefully negotiated on a case-by-case basis.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR political compromise must carefully negotiated casebycase basis ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Like men and boys, women and girls are likely to have played many different roles in armed forces and groups, as fighters, supporters, wives or sex slaves, messengers and cooks. The design and implementation of integrated DDR processes should aim to address the specific needs of women and girls, as well as men and boys, taking into account these different experiences, roles, capacities and responsibilities acquired during and after conflicts. Specific measures should be put in place to ensure the equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of integrated DDR \u2013 from the negotiation of DDR provisions in peace agreements and the establishment of national institutions, to CVR and community-based reintegration support (see IDDRS 5.10 on Gender and DDR).Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles in both the design and implementation of integrated DDR processes. The eligibility criteria for DDR shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of sex, age, gender identity, race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, political opinion, or other personal characteristics or associations. Furthermore, the opportunities\/benefits that eligible ex-combatants have access to when participating in a particular DDR process shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of their former affiliation with a particular armed force or group.It is likely there will be a need to address potential \u2018spoilers\u2019, e.g., by negotiating \u2018special packages\u2019 for commanders in order to secure their buy-in and to ensure that they allow combatants to participate. This political compromise must be carefully negotiated on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, the inclusion of youth at risk and other non-combatants should also be seen as a measure helping to prevent future recruitment.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":351, "Sentence":"Furthermore, the inclusion of youth at risk and other non-combatants should also be seen as a measure helping to prevent future recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR furthermore inclusion youth risk noncombatant also seen measure helping prevent future recruitment ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"\u2018Do no harm\u2019 is a standard principle against which all DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support shall be evaluated at all times. No false promises shall be made; and, ultimately, no individual or community should be made less secure by the return of ex-combatants or the presence of UN peacekeeping, police or civilian personnel. The establishment of UN-supported prevention, protection and monitoring mechanisms (including systems for ensuring access to justice and police protection, etc.) is essential to prevent and punish sexual and gender-based violence, harassment and intimidation, or any other violation of human rights. It is particularly important to consider \u2018do no harm\u2019 when assessing the reinsertion and reintegration options for female fighters or women and girls associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":352, "Sentence":"\u2018Do no harm\u2019 is a standard principle against which all DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support shall be evaluated at all times.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR \u2018 harm \u2019 standard principle ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support shall evaluated time ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"\u2018Do no harm\u2019 is a standard principle against which all DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support shall be evaluated at all times. No false promises shall be made; and, ultimately, no individual or community should be made less secure by the return of ex-combatants or the presence of UN peacekeeping, police or civilian personnel. The establishment of UN-supported prevention, protection and monitoring mechanisms (including systems for ensuring access to justice and police protection, etc.) is essential to prevent and punish sexual and gender-based violence, harassment and intimidation, or any other violation of human rights. It is particularly important to consider \u2018do no harm\u2019 when assessing the reinsertion and reintegration options for female fighters or women and girls associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":352, "Sentence":"No false promises shall be made; and, ultimately, no individual or community should be made less secure by the return of ex-combatants or the presence of UN peacekeeping, police or civilian personnel.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR false promise shall made ultimately individual community made le secure return excombatants presence un peacekeeping police civilian personnel ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"\u2018Do no harm\u2019 is a standard principle against which all DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support shall be evaluated at all times. No false promises shall be made; and, ultimately, no individual or community should be made less secure by the return of ex-combatants or the presence of UN peacekeeping, police or civilian personnel. The establishment of UN-supported prevention, protection and monitoring mechanisms (including systems for ensuring access to justice and police protection, etc.) is essential to prevent and punish sexual and gender-based violence, harassment and intimidation, or any other violation of human rights. It is particularly important to consider \u2018do no harm\u2019 when assessing the reinsertion and reintegration options for female fighters or women and girls associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":352, "Sentence":"The establishment of UN-supported prevention, protection and monitoring mechanisms (including systems for ensuring access to justice and police protection, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR establishment unsupported prevention protection monitoring mechanism including system ensuring access justice police protection etc ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"\u2018Do no harm\u2019 is a standard principle against which all DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support shall be evaluated at all times. No false promises shall be made; and, ultimately, no individual or community should be made less secure by the return of ex-combatants or the presence of UN peacekeeping, police or civilian personnel. The establishment of UN-supported prevention, protection and monitoring mechanisms (including systems for ensuring access to justice and police protection, etc.) is essential to prevent and punish sexual and gender-based violence, harassment and intimidation, or any other violation of human rights. It is particularly important to consider \u2018do no harm\u2019 when assessing the reinsertion and reintegration options for female fighters or women and girls associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":352, "Sentence":"is essential to prevent and punish sexual and gender-based violence, harassment and intimidation, or any other violation of human rights.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR essential prevent punish sexual genderbased violence harassment intimidation violation human right ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"\u2018Do no harm\u2019 is a standard principle against which all DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support shall be evaluated at all times. No false promises shall be made; and, ultimately, no individual or community should be made less secure by the return of ex-combatants or the presence of UN peacekeeping, police or civilian personnel. The establishment of UN-supported prevention, protection and monitoring mechanisms (including systems for ensuring access to justice and police protection, etc.) is essential to prevent and punish sexual and gender-based violence, harassment and intimidation, or any other violation of human rights. It is particularly important to consider \u2018do no harm\u2019 when assessing the reinsertion and reintegration options for female fighters or women and girls associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":352, "Sentence":"It is particularly important to consider \u2018do no harm\u2019 when assessing the reinsertion and reintegration options for female fighters or women and girls associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR particularly important consider \u2018 harm \u2019 assessing reinsertion reintegration option female fighter woman girl associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR needs to be flexible and context-specific in order to address national, regional, and global realities. DDR should consider the nature of armed groups, conflict drivers, peace opportunities, gender dynamics, and community dynamics. All UN or UN-supported DDR interventions shall be designed to take local conditions and needs into account. The IDDRS provide DDR practitioners with comprehensive guidance and analytical tools for the planning and design of DDR rather than a standard formula that is applicable to every situation.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":353, "Sentence":"Integrated DDR needs to be flexible and context-specific in order to address national, regional, and global realities.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR integrated ddr need flexible contextspecific order address national regional global reality ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR needs to be flexible and context-specific in order to address national, regional, and global realities. DDR should consider the nature of armed groups, conflict drivers, peace opportunities, gender dynamics, and community dynamics. All UN or UN-supported DDR interventions shall be designed to take local conditions and needs into account. The IDDRS provide DDR practitioners with comprehensive guidance and analytical tools for the planning and design of DDR rather than a standard formula that is applicable to every situation.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":353, "Sentence":"DDR should consider the nature of armed groups, conflict drivers, peace opportunities, gender dynamics, and community dynamics.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ddr consider nature armed group conflict driver peace opportunity gender dynamic community dynamic ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR needs to be flexible and context-specific in order to address national, regional, and global realities. DDR should consider the nature of armed groups, conflict drivers, peace opportunities, gender dynamics, and community dynamics. All UN or UN-supported DDR interventions shall be designed to take local conditions and needs into account. The IDDRS provide DDR practitioners with comprehensive guidance and analytical tools for the planning and design of DDR rather than a standard formula that is applicable to every situation.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":353, "Sentence":"All UN or UN-supported DDR interventions shall be designed to take local conditions and needs into account.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR un unsupported ddr intervention shall designed take local condition need account ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR needs to be flexible and context-specific in order to address national, regional, and global realities. DDR should consider the nature of armed groups, conflict drivers, peace opportunities, gender dynamics, and community dynamics. All UN or UN-supported DDR interventions shall be designed to take local conditions and needs into account. The IDDRS provide DDR practitioners with comprehensive guidance and analytical tools for the planning and design of DDR rather than a standard formula that is applicable to every situation.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":353, "Sentence":"The IDDRS provide DDR practitioners with comprehensive guidance and analytical tools for the planning and design of DDR rather than a standard formula that is applicable to every situation.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR iddrs provide ddr practitioner comprehensive guidance analytical tool planning design ddr rather standard formula applicable every situation ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"8.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Due to the complex and dynamic nature of integrated DDR processes, flexible and long-term funding arrangements are essential. The multidimensional nature of DDR requires an initial investment of staff and funds for planning and programming, as well as accessible and sustainable sources of funding throughout the different phases of implementation. Funding mechanisms, including trust funds, pooled funding, etc., and the criteria established for the use of funds shall be flexible. Past experience has shown that assigning funds exclusively for specific DDR components (e.g., disarmament and demobilization) or expenditures (e.g., logistics and equipment) sets up an artificial distinction between the different elements of a DDR programme and makes it difficult to implement the programme in an integrated, flexible and dynamic way. The importance of planning and initiating reinsertion and reintegration support activities at the start of a DDR programme has become increasingly evident, so adequate financing for reintegration needs to be secured in advance. This should help to prevent delays or gaps in implementation that could threaten or undermine the programme\u2019s credibility and viability (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":354, "Sentence":"Due to the complex and dynamic nature of integrated DDR processes, flexible and long-term funding arrangements are essential.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR due complex dynamic nature integrated ddr process flexible longterm funding arrangement essential ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"8.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Due to the complex and dynamic nature of integrated DDR processes, flexible and long-term funding arrangements are essential. The multidimensional nature of DDR requires an initial investment of staff and funds for planning and programming, as well as accessible and sustainable sources of funding throughout the different phases of implementation. Funding mechanisms, including trust funds, pooled funding, etc., and the criteria established for the use of funds shall be flexible. Past experience has shown that assigning funds exclusively for specific DDR components (e.g., disarmament and demobilization) or expenditures (e.g., logistics and equipment) sets up an artificial distinction between the different elements of a DDR programme and makes it difficult to implement the programme in an integrated, flexible and dynamic way. The importance of planning and initiating reinsertion and reintegration support activities at the start of a DDR programme has become increasingly evident, so adequate financing for reintegration needs to be secured in advance. This should help to prevent delays or gaps in implementation that could threaten or undermine the programme\u2019s credibility and viability (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":354, "Sentence":"The multidimensional nature of DDR requires an initial investment of staff and funds for planning and programming, as well as accessible and sustainable sources of funding throughout the different phases of implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR multidimensional nature ddr requires initial investment staff fund planning programming well accessible sustainable source funding throughout different phase implementation ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"8.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Due to the complex and dynamic nature of integrated DDR processes, flexible and long-term funding arrangements are essential. The multidimensional nature of DDR requires an initial investment of staff and funds for planning and programming, as well as accessible and sustainable sources of funding throughout the different phases of implementation. Funding mechanisms, including trust funds, pooled funding, etc., and the criteria established for the use of funds shall be flexible. Past experience has shown that assigning funds exclusively for specific DDR components (e.g., disarmament and demobilization) or expenditures (e.g., logistics and equipment) sets up an artificial distinction between the different elements of a DDR programme and makes it difficult to implement the programme in an integrated, flexible and dynamic way. The importance of planning and initiating reinsertion and reintegration support activities at the start of a DDR programme has become increasingly evident, so adequate financing for reintegration needs to be secured in advance. This should help to prevent delays or gaps in implementation that could threaten or undermine the programme\u2019s credibility and viability (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":354, "Sentence":"Funding mechanisms, including trust funds, pooled funding, etc., and the criteria established for the use of funds shall be flexible.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR funding mechanism including trust fund pooled funding etc . criterion established use fund shall flexible ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"8.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Due to the complex and dynamic nature of integrated DDR processes, flexible and long-term funding arrangements are essential. The multidimensional nature of DDR requires an initial investment of staff and funds for planning and programming, as well as accessible and sustainable sources of funding throughout the different phases of implementation. Funding mechanisms, including trust funds, pooled funding, etc., and the criteria established for the use of funds shall be flexible. Past experience has shown that assigning funds exclusively for specific DDR components (e.g., disarmament and demobilization) or expenditures (e.g., logistics and equipment) sets up an artificial distinction between the different elements of a DDR programme and makes it difficult to implement the programme in an integrated, flexible and dynamic way. The importance of planning and initiating reinsertion and reintegration support activities at the start of a DDR programme has become increasingly evident, so adequate financing for reintegration needs to be secured in advance. This should help to prevent delays or gaps in implementation that could threaten or undermine the programme\u2019s credibility and viability (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":354, "Sentence":"Past experience has shown that assigning funds exclusively for specific DDR components (e.g., disarmament and demobilization) or expenditures (e.g., logistics and equipment) sets up an artificial distinction between the different elements of a DDR programme and makes it difficult to implement the programme in an integrated, flexible and dynamic way.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR past experience shown assigning fund exclusively specific ddr component e.g . disarmament demobilization expenditure e.g . logistics equipment set artificial distinction different element ddr programme make difficult implement programme integrated flexible dynamic way ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"8.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Due to the complex and dynamic nature of integrated DDR processes, flexible and long-term funding arrangements are essential. The multidimensional nature of DDR requires an initial investment of staff and funds for planning and programming, as well as accessible and sustainable sources of funding throughout the different phases of implementation. Funding mechanisms, including trust funds, pooled funding, etc., and the criteria established for the use of funds shall be flexible. Past experience has shown that assigning funds exclusively for specific DDR components (e.g., disarmament and demobilization) or expenditures (e.g., logistics and equipment) sets up an artificial distinction between the different elements of a DDR programme and makes it difficult to implement the programme in an integrated, flexible and dynamic way. The importance of planning and initiating reinsertion and reintegration support activities at the start of a DDR programme has become increasingly evident, so adequate financing for reintegration needs to be secured in advance. This should help to prevent delays or gaps in implementation that could threaten or undermine the programme\u2019s credibility and viability (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":354, "Sentence":"The importance of planning and initiating reinsertion and reintegration support activities at the start of a DDR programme has become increasingly evident, so adequate financing for reintegration needs to be secured in advance.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR importance planning initiating reinsertion reintegration support activity start ddr programme become increasingly evident adequate financing reintegration need secured advance ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"8.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Due to the complex and dynamic nature of integrated DDR processes, flexible and long-term funding arrangements are essential. The multidimensional nature of DDR requires an initial investment of staff and funds for planning and programming, as well as accessible and sustainable sources of funding throughout the different phases of implementation. Funding mechanisms, including trust funds, pooled funding, etc., and the criteria established for the use of funds shall be flexible. Past experience has shown that assigning funds exclusively for specific DDR components (e.g., disarmament and demobilization) or expenditures (e.g., logistics and equipment) sets up an artificial distinction between the different elements of a DDR programme and makes it difficult to implement the programme in an integrated, flexible and dynamic way. The importance of planning and initiating reinsertion and reintegration support activities at the start of a DDR programme has become increasingly evident, so adequate financing for reintegration needs to be secured in advance. This should help to prevent delays or gaps in implementation that could threaten or undermine the programme\u2019s credibility and viability (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":354, "Sentence":"This should help to prevent delays or gaps in implementation that could threaten or undermine the programme\u2019s credibility and viability (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR help prevent delay gap implementation could threaten undermine programme \u2019 credibility viability see iddrs 3.41 finance budgeting ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"8.6.2 Accountability and transparency", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, and to justify financial and technical support by international actors, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are, from the very beginning, predicated on the principles of accountability and transparency. Post-conflict stabilization and the establishment of immediate security are the overall goals of DDR, but integrated DDR also takes place in a wider recovery and reconstruction framework. While both short-term and long-term strategies should be developed in the planning phase, due to the dynamic and volatile conflict and post-conflict context, interventions must be flexible and adaptable.The UN aims to establish transparent mechanisms for the independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation of integrated DDR and its financing mechanisms. It also attempts to create an environment in which all stakeholders understand and are accountable for achieving broad objectives and implementing the details of integrated DDR processes, even if circumstances change. Many types of accountability are needed to ensure transparency, including: \\n the commitment of the national authorities and the parties to a peace agreement or political framework to honour the agreements they have signed and implement DDR programmes in good faith; the accountability and transparency of all relevant actors in contexts where the preconditions for DDR are not in place and alternative DDR-related tools and reintegration support measures are implemented; \\n the accountability of national and international implementing agencies to the five categories of persons who can become participants in DDR for the professional and timely carrying out of activities and delivery of services; \\n the adherence of all parts of the UN system (missions, departments, agencies, programmes and funds) to IDDRS principles and guidance for designing and implementing DDR; \\n the commitment of Member States and bilateral partners to provide timely political and financial support to integrated DDR processesAlthough DDR practitioners should always aim to meet core commitments, setbacks and unforeseen events should be expected. Flexibility and contingency planning are therefore needed. It is essential to establish realistic goals and make reasonable promises to those involved, and to explain setbacks to stakeholders and participants in order to maintain their confidence and cooperation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":355, "Sentence":"In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, and to justify financial and technical support by international actors, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are, from the very beginning, predicated on the principles of accountability and transparency.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR order build confidence ensure legitimacy justify financial technical support international actor ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support beginning predicated principle accountability transparency ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"8.6.2 Accountability and transparency", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, and to justify financial and technical support by international actors, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are, from the very beginning, predicated on the principles of accountability and transparency. Post-conflict stabilization and the establishment of immediate security are the overall goals of DDR, but integrated DDR also takes place in a wider recovery and reconstruction framework. While both short-term and long-term strategies should be developed in the planning phase, due to the dynamic and volatile conflict and post-conflict context, interventions must be flexible and adaptable.The UN aims to establish transparent mechanisms for the independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation of integrated DDR and its financing mechanisms. It also attempts to create an environment in which all stakeholders understand and are accountable for achieving broad objectives and implementing the details of integrated DDR processes, even if circumstances change. Many types of accountability are needed to ensure transparency, including: \\n the commitment of the national authorities and the parties to a peace agreement or political framework to honour the agreements they have signed and implement DDR programmes in good faith; the accountability and transparency of all relevant actors in contexts where the preconditions for DDR are not in place and alternative DDR-related tools and reintegration support measures are implemented; \\n the accountability of national and international implementing agencies to the five categories of persons who can become participants in DDR for the professional and timely carrying out of activities and delivery of services; \\n the adherence of all parts of the UN system (missions, departments, agencies, programmes and funds) to IDDRS principles and guidance for designing and implementing DDR; \\n the commitment of Member States and bilateral partners to provide timely political and financial support to integrated DDR processesAlthough DDR practitioners should always aim to meet core commitments, setbacks and unforeseen events should be expected. Flexibility and contingency planning are therefore needed. It is essential to establish realistic goals and make reasonable promises to those involved, and to explain setbacks to stakeholders and participants in order to maintain their confidence and cooperation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":355, "Sentence":"Post-conflict stabilization and the establishment of immediate security are the overall goals of DDR, but integrated DDR also takes place in a wider recovery and reconstruction framework.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR postconflict stabilization establishment immediate security overall goal ddr integrated ddr also take place wider recovery reconstruction framework ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"8.6.2 Accountability and transparency", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, and to justify financial and technical support by international actors, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are, from the very beginning, predicated on the principles of accountability and transparency. Post-conflict stabilization and the establishment of immediate security are the overall goals of DDR, but integrated DDR also takes place in a wider recovery and reconstruction framework. While both short-term and long-term strategies should be developed in the planning phase, due to the dynamic and volatile conflict and post-conflict context, interventions must be flexible and adaptable.The UN aims to establish transparent mechanisms for the independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation of integrated DDR and its financing mechanisms. It also attempts to create an environment in which all stakeholders understand and are accountable for achieving broad objectives and implementing the details of integrated DDR processes, even if circumstances change. Many types of accountability are needed to ensure transparency, including: \\n the commitment of the national authorities and the parties to a peace agreement or political framework to honour the agreements they have signed and implement DDR programmes in good faith; the accountability and transparency of all relevant actors in contexts where the preconditions for DDR are not in place and alternative DDR-related tools and reintegration support measures are implemented; \\n the accountability of national and international implementing agencies to the five categories of persons who can become participants in DDR for the professional and timely carrying out of activities and delivery of services; \\n the adherence of all parts of the UN system (missions, departments, agencies, programmes and funds) to IDDRS principles and guidance for designing and implementing DDR; \\n the commitment of Member States and bilateral partners to provide timely political and financial support to integrated DDR processesAlthough DDR practitioners should always aim to meet core commitments, setbacks and unforeseen events should be expected. Flexibility and contingency planning are therefore needed. It is essential to establish realistic goals and make reasonable promises to those involved, and to explain setbacks to stakeholders and participants in order to maintain their confidence and cooperation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":355, "Sentence":"While both short-term and long-term strategies should be developed in the planning phase, due to the dynamic and volatile conflict and post-conflict context, interventions must be flexible and adaptable.The UN aims to establish transparent mechanisms for the independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation of integrated DDR and its financing mechanisms.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR shortterm longterm strategy developed planning phase due dynamic volatile conflict postconflict context intervention must flexible adaptable.the un aim establish transparent mechanism independent monitoring oversight evaluation integrated ddr financing mechanism ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"8.6.2 Accountability and transparency", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, and to justify financial and technical support by international actors, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are, from the very beginning, predicated on the principles of accountability and transparency. Post-conflict stabilization and the establishment of immediate security are the overall goals of DDR, but integrated DDR also takes place in a wider recovery and reconstruction framework. While both short-term and long-term strategies should be developed in the planning phase, due to the dynamic and volatile conflict and post-conflict context, interventions must be flexible and adaptable.The UN aims to establish transparent mechanisms for the independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation of integrated DDR and its financing mechanisms. It also attempts to create an environment in which all stakeholders understand and are accountable for achieving broad objectives and implementing the details of integrated DDR processes, even if circumstances change. Many types of accountability are needed to ensure transparency, including: \\n the commitment of the national authorities and the parties to a peace agreement or political framework to honour the agreements they have signed and implement DDR programmes in good faith; the accountability and transparency of all relevant actors in contexts where the preconditions for DDR are not in place and alternative DDR-related tools and reintegration support measures are implemented; \\n the accountability of national and international implementing agencies to the five categories of persons who can become participants in DDR for the professional and timely carrying out of activities and delivery of services; \\n the adherence of all parts of the UN system (missions, departments, agencies, programmes and funds) to IDDRS principles and guidance for designing and implementing DDR; \\n the commitment of Member States and bilateral partners to provide timely political and financial support to integrated DDR processesAlthough DDR practitioners should always aim to meet core commitments, setbacks and unforeseen events should be expected. Flexibility and contingency planning are therefore needed. It is essential to establish realistic goals and make reasonable promises to those involved, and to explain setbacks to stakeholders and participants in order to maintain their confidence and cooperation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":355, "Sentence":"It also attempts to create an environment in which all stakeholders understand and are accountable for achieving broad objectives and implementing the details of integrated DDR processes, even if circumstances change.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR also attempt create environment stakeholder understand accountable achieving broad objective implementing detail integrated ddr process even circumstance change ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"8.6.2 Accountability and transparency", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, and to justify financial and technical support by international actors, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are, from the very beginning, predicated on the principles of accountability and transparency. Post-conflict stabilization and the establishment of immediate security are the overall goals of DDR, but integrated DDR also takes place in a wider recovery and reconstruction framework. While both short-term and long-term strategies should be developed in the planning phase, due to the dynamic and volatile conflict and post-conflict context, interventions must be flexible and adaptable.The UN aims to establish transparent mechanisms for the independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation of integrated DDR and its financing mechanisms. It also attempts to create an environment in which all stakeholders understand and are accountable for achieving broad objectives and implementing the details of integrated DDR processes, even if circumstances change. Many types of accountability are needed to ensure transparency, including: \\n the commitment of the national authorities and the parties to a peace agreement or political framework to honour the agreements they have signed and implement DDR programmes in good faith; the accountability and transparency of all relevant actors in contexts where the preconditions for DDR are not in place and alternative DDR-related tools and reintegration support measures are implemented; \\n the accountability of national and international implementing agencies to the five categories of persons who can become participants in DDR for the professional and timely carrying out of activities and delivery of services; \\n the adherence of all parts of the UN system (missions, departments, agencies, programmes and funds) to IDDRS principles and guidance for designing and implementing DDR; \\n the commitment of Member States and bilateral partners to provide timely political and financial support to integrated DDR processesAlthough DDR practitioners should always aim to meet core commitments, setbacks and unforeseen events should be expected. Flexibility and contingency planning are therefore needed. It is essential to establish realistic goals and make reasonable promises to those involved, and to explain setbacks to stakeholders and participants in order to maintain their confidence and cooperation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":355, "Sentence":"Many types of accountability are needed to ensure transparency, including: \\n the commitment of the national authorities and the parties to a peace agreement or political framework to honour the agreements they have signed and implement DDR programmes in good faith; the accountability and transparency of all relevant actors in contexts where the preconditions for DDR are not in place and alternative DDR-related tools and reintegration support measures are implemented; \\n the accountability of national and international implementing agencies to the five categories of persons who can become participants in DDR for the professional and timely carrying out of activities and delivery of services; \\n the adherence of all parts of the UN system (missions, departments, agencies, programmes and funds) to IDDRS principles and guidance for designing and implementing DDR; \\n the commitment of Member States and bilateral partners to provide timely political and financial support to integrated DDR processesAlthough DDR practitioners should always aim to meet core commitments, setbacks and unforeseen events should be expected.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR many type accountability needed ensure transparency including n commitment national authority party peace agreement political framework honour agreement signed implement ddr programme good faith accountability transparency relevant actor context precondition ddr place alternative ddrrelated tool reintegration support measure implemented n accountability national international implementing agency five category person become participant ddr professional timely carrying activity delivery service n adherence part un system mission department agency programme fund iddrs principle guidance designing implementing ddr n commitment member state bilateral partner provide timely political financial support integrated ddr processesalthough ddr practitioner always aim meet core commitment setback unforeseen event expected ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"8.6.2 Accountability and transparency", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, and to justify financial and technical support by international actors, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are, from the very beginning, predicated on the principles of accountability and transparency. Post-conflict stabilization and the establishment of immediate security are the overall goals of DDR, but integrated DDR also takes place in a wider recovery and reconstruction framework. While both short-term and long-term strategies should be developed in the planning phase, due to the dynamic and volatile conflict and post-conflict context, interventions must be flexible and adaptable.The UN aims to establish transparent mechanisms for the independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation of integrated DDR and its financing mechanisms. It also attempts to create an environment in which all stakeholders understand and are accountable for achieving broad objectives and implementing the details of integrated DDR processes, even if circumstances change. Many types of accountability are needed to ensure transparency, including: \\n the commitment of the national authorities and the parties to a peace agreement or political framework to honour the agreements they have signed and implement DDR programmes in good faith; the accountability and transparency of all relevant actors in contexts where the preconditions for DDR are not in place and alternative DDR-related tools and reintegration support measures are implemented; \\n the accountability of national and international implementing agencies to the five categories of persons who can become participants in DDR for the professional and timely carrying out of activities and delivery of services; \\n the adherence of all parts of the UN system (missions, departments, agencies, programmes and funds) to IDDRS principles and guidance for designing and implementing DDR; \\n the commitment of Member States and bilateral partners to provide timely political and financial support to integrated DDR processesAlthough DDR practitioners should always aim to meet core commitments, setbacks and unforeseen events should be expected. Flexibility and contingency planning are therefore needed. It is essential to establish realistic goals and make reasonable promises to those involved, and to explain setbacks to stakeholders and participants in order to maintain their confidence and cooperation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":355, "Sentence":"Flexibility and contingency planning are therefore needed.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR flexibility contingency planning therefore needed ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"8.6.2 Accountability and transparency", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, and to justify financial and technical support by international actors, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are, from the very beginning, predicated on the principles of accountability and transparency. Post-conflict stabilization and the establishment of immediate security are the overall goals of DDR, but integrated DDR also takes place in a wider recovery and reconstruction framework. While both short-term and long-term strategies should be developed in the planning phase, due to the dynamic and volatile conflict and post-conflict context, interventions must be flexible and adaptable.The UN aims to establish transparent mechanisms for the independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation of integrated DDR and its financing mechanisms. It also attempts to create an environment in which all stakeholders understand and are accountable for achieving broad objectives and implementing the details of integrated DDR processes, even if circumstances change. Many types of accountability are needed to ensure transparency, including: \\n the commitment of the national authorities and the parties to a peace agreement or political framework to honour the agreements they have signed and implement DDR programmes in good faith; the accountability and transparency of all relevant actors in contexts where the preconditions for DDR are not in place and alternative DDR-related tools and reintegration support measures are implemented; \\n the accountability of national and international implementing agencies to the five categories of persons who can become participants in DDR for the professional and timely carrying out of activities and delivery of services; \\n the adherence of all parts of the UN system (missions, departments, agencies, programmes and funds) to IDDRS principles and guidance for designing and implementing DDR; \\n the commitment of Member States and bilateral partners to provide timely political and financial support to integrated DDR processesAlthough DDR practitioners should always aim to meet core commitments, setbacks and unforeseen events should be expected. Flexibility and contingency planning are therefore needed. It is essential to establish realistic goals and make reasonable promises to those involved, and to explain setbacks to stakeholders and participants in order to maintain their confidence and cooperation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":355, "Sentence":"It is essential to establish realistic goals and make reasonable promises to those involved, and to explain setbacks to stakeholders and participants in order to maintain their confidence and cooperation.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR essential establish realistic goal make reasonable promise involved explain setback stakeholder participant order maintain confidence cooperation ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.7. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Ensuring national and local ownership is crucial to the success of integrated DDR. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between ex-combatants and community members. Even when receiving financial and technical assistance from partners, it is the responsibility of national Governments to ensure coordination between government ministries and local government, between Government and national civil society, and between Government and external partners.In contexts where national capacity is weak, a Government exerts national ownership by building the capacity of its national institutions, by contributing to the integrated DDR process and by creating links to other peacebuilding and development initiatives. This is particularly important in the case of reintegration support, as measures should be designed as part of national development and recovery efforts.National and local capacity must be systematically developed, as follows: \\n Creating national and local institutional capacity: A primary role of the UN is to supply technical assistance, training and financial support to national authorities to establish credible, capable, representative and sustainable national institutions and programmes. Such assistance should be based on an assessment and understanding of the particular context and the type of DDR activities to be implemented, including commitments to gender equality. \\n Finding implementing partners: Besides national institutions, civil society is a key partner in DDR. The technical capacity and expertise of civil society groups will often need to be strengthened, particularly when conflict has diminished human and financial resources. Particular attention should be paid to supporting the capacity development of women\u2019s civil society groups to ensure equal participation as partners in DDR. Doing so will help to create a sustainable environment for DDR and to ensure its long-term success. \\n Employing local communities and authorities: Local communities and authorities play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of DDR, particularly in support of reintegration and the implementation of DDR-related tools. Therefore, their capacities for strategic planning and programme and\/or financial management must be strengthened. Local authorities and populations, ex-combatants and their dependents\/families, and women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall all be involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of integrated DDR processes. This is to ensure that the needs of both individuals and the community are addressed. Increased local ownership builds support for reintegration and reconciliation efforts and supports other local peacebuilding and recovery processes.As the above list shows, national ownership involves more than just central government leadership: it includes the participation of a broad range of State and non-State actors at national, provincial and local levels. Within the IDDRS framework, the UN supports the development of a national DDR strategy, not only by representatives of the various parties to the conflict, but also by civil society; and it encourages the active participation of affected communities and groups, particularly those formerly marginalized in DDR and post-conflict reconstruction processes, such as representatives of women\u2019s groups, children\u2019s advocates, people from minority communities, and persons with disabilities and chronic illness.In supporting national institutions, the UN, along with key international and regional actors, can help to ensure broad national ownership, adherence to international principles, credibility, transparency and accountability (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":356, "Sentence":"Ensuring national and local ownership is crucial to the success of integrated DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ensuring national local ownership crucial success integrated ddr ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.7. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Ensuring national and local ownership is crucial to the success of integrated DDR. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between ex-combatants and community members. Even when receiving financial and technical assistance from partners, it is the responsibility of national Governments to ensure coordination between government ministries and local government, between Government and national civil society, and between Government and external partners.In contexts where national capacity is weak, a Government exerts national ownership by building the capacity of its national institutions, by contributing to the integrated DDR process and by creating links to other peacebuilding and development initiatives. This is particularly important in the case of reintegration support, as measures should be designed as part of national development and recovery efforts.National and local capacity must be systematically developed, as follows: \\n Creating national and local institutional capacity: A primary role of the UN is to supply technical assistance, training and financial support to national authorities to establish credible, capable, representative and sustainable national institutions and programmes. Such assistance should be based on an assessment and understanding of the particular context and the type of DDR activities to be implemented, including commitments to gender equality. \\n Finding implementing partners: Besides national institutions, civil society is a key partner in DDR. The technical capacity and expertise of civil society groups will often need to be strengthened, particularly when conflict has diminished human and financial resources. Particular attention should be paid to supporting the capacity development of women\u2019s civil society groups to ensure equal participation as partners in DDR. Doing so will help to create a sustainable environment for DDR and to ensure its long-term success. \\n Employing local communities and authorities: Local communities and authorities play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of DDR, particularly in support of reintegration and the implementation of DDR-related tools. Therefore, their capacities for strategic planning and programme and\/or financial management must be strengthened. Local authorities and populations, ex-combatants and their dependents\/families, and women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall all be involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of integrated DDR processes. This is to ensure that the needs of both individuals and the community are addressed. Increased local ownership builds support for reintegration and reconciliation efforts and supports other local peacebuilding and recovery processes.As the above list shows, national ownership involves more than just central government leadership: it includes the participation of a broad range of State and non-State actors at national, provincial and local levels. Within the IDDRS framework, the UN supports the development of a national DDR strategy, not only by representatives of the various parties to the conflict, but also by civil society; and it encourages the active participation of affected communities and groups, particularly those formerly marginalized in DDR and post-conflict reconstruction processes, such as representatives of women\u2019s groups, children\u2019s advocates, people from minority communities, and persons with disabilities and chronic illness.In supporting national institutions, the UN, along with key international and regional actors, can help to ensure broad national ownership, adherence to international principles, credibility, transparency and accountability (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":356, "Sentence":"National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between ex-combatants and community members.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR national ownership ensures ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support informed understanding local context dynamic conflict dynamic excombatants community member ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.7. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Ensuring national and local ownership is crucial to the success of integrated DDR. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between ex-combatants and community members. Even when receiving financial and technical assistance from partners, it is the responsibility of national Governments to ensure coordination between government ministries and local government, between Government and national civil society, and between Government and external partners.In contexts where national capacity is weak, a Government exerts national ownership by building the capacity of its national institutions, by contributing to the integrated DDR process and by creating links to other peacebuilding and development initiatives. This is particularly important in the case of reintegration support, as measures should be designed as part of national development and recovery efforts.National and local capacity must be systematically developed, as follows: \\n Creating national and local institutional capacity: A primary role of the UN is to supply technical assistance, training and financial support to national authorities to establish credible, capable, representative and sustainable national institutions and programmes. Such assistance should be based on an assessment and understanding of the particular context and the type of DDR activities to be implemented, including commitments to gender equality. \\n Finding implementing partners: Besides national institutions, civil society is a key partner in DDR. The technical capacity and expertise of civil society groups will often need to be strengthened, particularly when conflict has diminished human and financial resources. Particular attention should be paid to supporting the capacity development of women\u2019s civil society groups to ensure equal participation as partners in DDR. Doing so will help to create a sustainable environment for DDR and to ensure its long-term success. \\n Employing local communities and authorities: Local communities and authorities play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of DDR, particularly in support of reintegration and the implementation of DDR-related tools. Therefore, their capacities for strategic planning and programme and\/or financial management must be strengthened. Local authorities and populations, ex-combatants and their dependents\/families, and women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall all be involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of integrated DDR processes. This is to ensure that the needs of both individuals and the community are addressed. Increased local ownership builds support for reintegration and reconciliation efforts and supports other local peacebuilding and recovery processes.As the above list shows, national ownership involves more than just central government leadership: it includes the participation of a broad range of State and non-State actors at national, provincial and local levels. Within the IDDRS framework, the UN supports the development of a national DDR strategy, not only by representatives of the various parties to the conflict, but also by civil society; and it encourages the active participation of affected communities and groups, particularly those formerly marginalized in DDR and post-conflict reconstruction processes, such as representatives of women\u2019s groups, children\u2019s advocates, people from minority communities, and persons with disabilities and chronic illness.In supporting national institutions, the UN, along with key international and regional actors, can help to ensure broad national ownership, adherence to international principles, credibility, transparency and accountability (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":356, "Sentence":"Even when receiving financial and technical assistance from partners, it is the responsibility of national Governments to ensure coordination between government ministries and local government, between Government and national civil society, and between Government and external partners.In contexts where national capacity is weak, a Government exerts national ownership by building the capacity of its national institutions, by contributing to the integrated DDR process and by creating links to other peacebuilding and development initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR even receiving financial technical assistance partner responsibility national government ensure coordination government ministry local government government national civil society government external partners.in context national capacity weak government exerts national ownership building capacity national institution contributing integrated ddr process creating link peacebuilding development initiative ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.7. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Ensuring national and local ownership is crucial to the success of integrated DDR. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between ex-combatants and community members. Even when receiving financial and technical assistance from partners, it is the responsibility of national Governments to ensure coordination between government ministries and local government, between Government and national civil society, and between Government and external partners.In contexts where national capacity is weak, a Government exerts national ownership by building the capacity of its national institutions, by contributing to the integrated DDR process and by creating links to other peacebuilding and development initiatives. This is particularly important in the case of reintegration support, as measures should be designed as part of national development and recovery efforts.National and local capacity must be systematically developed, as follows: \\n Creating national and local institutional capacity: A primary role of the UN is to supply technical assistance, training and financial support to national authorities to establish credible, capable, representative and sustainable national institutions and programmes. Such assistance should be based on an assessment and understanding of the particular context and the type of DDR activities to be implemented, including commitments to gender equality. \\n Finding implementing partners: Besides national institutions, civil society is a key partner in DDR. The technical capacity and expertise of civil society groups will often need to be strengthened, particularly when conflict has diminished human and financial resources. Particular attention should be paid to supporting the capacity development of women\u2019s civil society groups to ensure equal participation as partners in DDR. Doing so will help to create a sustainable environment for DDR and to ensure its long-term success. \\n Employing local communities and authorities: Local communities and authorities play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of DDR, particularly in support of reintegration and the implementation of DDR-related tools. Therefore, their capacities for strategic planning and programme and\/or financial management must be strengthened. Local authorities and populations, ex-combatants and their dependents\/families, and women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall all be involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of integrated DDR processes. This is to ensure that the needs of both individuals and the community are addressed. Increased local ownership builds support for reintegration and reconciliation efforts and supports other local peacebuilding and recovery processes.As the above list shows, national ownership involves more than just central government leadership: it includes the participation of a broad range of State and non-State actors at national, provincial and local levels. Within the IDDRS framework, the UN supports the development of a national DDR strategy, not only by representatives of the various parties to the conflict, but also by civil society; and it encourages the active participation of affected communities and groups, particularly those formerly marginalized in DDR and post-conflict reconstruction processes, such as representatives of women\u2019s groups, children\u2019s advocates, people from minority communities, and persons with disabilities and chronic illness.In supporting national institutions, the UN, along with key international and regional actors, can help to ensure broad national ownership, adherence to international principles, credibility, transparency and accountability (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":356, "Sentence":"This is particularly important in the case of reintegration support, as measures should be designed as part of national development and recovery efforts.National and local capacity must be systematically developed, as follows: \\n Creating national and local institutional capacity: A primary role of the UN is to supply technical assistance, training and financial support to national authorities to establish credible, capable, representative and sustainable national institutions and programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR particularly important case reintegration support measure designed part national development recovery efforts.national local capacity must systematically developed follows n creating national local institutional capacity primary role un supply technical assistance training financial support national authority establish credible capable representative sustainable national institution programme ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.7. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Ensuring national and local ownership is crucial to the success of integrated DDR. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between ex-combatants and community members. Even when receiving financial and technical assistance from partners, it is the responsibility of national Governments to ensure coordination between government ministries and local government, between Government and national civil society, and between Government and external partners.In contexts where national capacity is weak, a Government exerts national ownership by building the capacity of its national institutions, by contributing to the integrated DDR process and by creating links to other peacebuilding and development initiatives. This is particularly important in the case of reintegration support, as measures should be designed as part of national development and recovery efforts.National and local capacity must be systematically developed, as follows: \\n Creating national and local institutional capacity: A primary role of the UN is to supply technical assistance, training and financial support to national authorities to establish credible, capable, representative and sustainable national institutions and programmes. Such assistance should be based on an assessment and understanding of the particular context and the type of DDR activities to be implemented, including commitments to gender equality. \\n Finding implementing partners: Besides national institutions, civil society is a key partner in DDR. The technical capacity and expertise of civil society groups will often need to be strengthened, particularly when conflict has diminished human and financial resources. Particular attention should be paid to supporting the capacity development of women\u2019s civil society groups to ensure equal participation as partners in DDR. Doing so will help to create a sustainable environment for DDR and to ensure its long-term success. \\n Employing local communities and authorities: Local communities and authorities play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of DDR, particularly in support of reintegration and the implementation of DDR-related tools. Therefore, their capacities for strategic planning and programme and\/or financial management must be strengthened. Local authorities and populations, ex-combatants and their dependents\/families, and women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall all be involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of integrated DDR processes. This is to ensure that the needs of both individuals and the community are addressed. Increased local ownership builds support for reintegration and reconciliation efforts and supports other local peacebuilding and recovery processes.As the above list shows, national ownership involves more than just central government leadership: it includes the participation of a broad range of State and non-State actors at national, provincial and local levels. Within the IDDRS framework, the UN supports the development of a national DDR strategy, not only by representatives of the various parties to the conflict, but also by civil society; and it encourages the active participation of affected communities and groups, particularly those formerly marginalized in DDR and post-conflict reconstruction processes, such as representatives of women\u2019s groups, children\u2019s advocates, people from minority communities, and persons with disabilities and chronic illness.In supporting national institutions, the UN, along with key international and regional actors, can help to ensure broad national ownership, adherence to international principles, credibility, transparency and accountability (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":356, "Sentence":"Such assistance should be based on an assessment and understanding of the particular context and the type of DDR activities to be implemented, including commitments to gender equality.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR assistance based assessment understanding particular context type ddr activity implemented including commitment gender equality ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.7. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Ensuring national and local ownership is crucial to the success of integrated DDR. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between ex-combatants and community members. Even when receiving financial and technical assistance from partners, it is the responsibility of national Governments to ensure coordination between government ministries and local government, between Government and national civil society, and between Government and external partners.In contexts where national capacity is weak, a Government exerts national ownership by building the capacity of its national institutions, by contributing to the integrated DDR process and by creating links to other peacebuilding and development initiatives. This is particularly important in the case of reintegration support, as measures should be designed as part of national development and recovery efforts.National and local capacity must be systematically developed, as follows: \\n Creating national and local institutional capacity: A primary role of the UN is to supply technical assistance, training and financial support to national authorities to establish credible, capable, representative and sustainable national institutions and programmes. Such assistance should be based on an assessment and understanding of the particular context and the type of DDR activities to be implemented, including commitments to gender equality. \\n Finding implementing partners: Besides national institutions, civil society is a key partner in DDR. The technical capacity and expertise of civil society groups will often need to be strengthened, particularly when conflict has diminished human and financial resources. Particular attention should be paid to supporting the capacity development of women\u2019s civil society groups to ensure equal participation as partners in DDR. Doing so will help to create a sustainable environment for DDR and to ensure its long-term success. \\n Employing local communities and authorities: Local communities and authorities play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of DDR, particularly in support of reintegration and the implementation of DDR-related tools. Therefore, their capacities for strategic planning and programme and\/or financial management must be strengthened. Local authorities and populations, ex-combatants and their dependents\/families, and women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall all be involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of integrated DDR processes. This is to ensure that the needs of both individuals and the community are addressed. Increased local ownership builds support for reintegration and reconciliation efforts and supports other local peacebuilding and recovery processes.As the above list shows, national ownership involves more than just central government leadership: it includes the participation of a broad range of State and non-State actors at national, provincial and local levels. Within the IDDRS framework, the UN supports the development of a national DDR strategy, not only by representatives of the various parties to the conflict, but also by civil society; and it encourages the active participation of affected communities and groups, particularly those formerly marginalized in DDR and post-conflict reconstruction processes, such as representatives of women\u2019s groups, children\u2019s advocates, people from minority communities, and persons with disabilities and chronic illness.In supporting national institutions, the UN, along with key international and regional actors, can help to ensure broad national ownership, adherence to international principles, credibility, transparency and accountability (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":356, "Sentence":"\\n Finding implementing partners: Besides national institutions, civil society is a key partner in DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR n finding implementing partner besides national institution civil society key partner ddr ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.7. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Ensuring national and local ownership is crucial to the success of integrated DDR. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between ex-combatants and community members. Even when receiving financial and technical assistance from partners, it is the responsibility of national Governments to ensure coordination between government ministries and local government, between Government and national civil society, and between Government and external partners.In contexts where national capacity is weak, a Government exerts national ownership by building the capacity of its national institutions, by contributing to the integrated DDR process and by creating links to other peacebuilding and development initiatives. This is particularly important in the case of reintegration support, as measures should be designed as part of national development and recovery efforts.National and local capacity must be systematically developed, as follows: \\n Creating national and local institutional capacity: A primary role of the UN is to supply technical assistance, training and financial support to national authorities to establish credible, capable, representative and sustainable national institutions and programmes. Such assistance should be based on an assessment and understanding of the particular context and the type of DDR activities to be implemented, including commitments to gender equality. \\n Finding implementing partners: Besides national institutions, civil society is a key partner in DDR. The technical capacity and expertise of civil society groups will often need to be strengthened, particularly when conflict has diminished human and financial resources. Particular attention should be paid to supporting the capacity development of women\u2019s civil society groups to ensure equal participation as partners in DDR. Doing so will help to create a sustainable environment for DDR and to ensure its long-term success. \\n Employing local communities and authorities: Local communities and authorities play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of DDR, particularly in support of reintegration and the implementation of DDR-related tools. Therefore, their capacities for strategic planning and programme and\/or financial management must be strengthened. Local authorities and populations, ex-combatants and their dependents\/families, and women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall all be involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of integrated DDR processes. This is to ensure that the needs of both individuals and the community are addressed. Increased local ownership builds support for reintegration and reconciliation efforts and supports other local peacebuilding and recovery processes.As the above list shows, national ownership involves more than just central government leadership: it includes the participation of a broad range of State and non-State actors at national, provincial and local levels. Within the IDDRS framework, the UN supports the development of a national DDR strategy, not only by representatives of the various parties to the conflict, but also by civil society; and it encourages the active participation of affected communities and groups, particularly those formerly marginalized in DDR and post-conflict reconstruction processes, such as representatives of women\u2019s groups, children\u2019s advocates, people from minority communities, and persons with disabilities and chronic illness.In supporting national institutions, the UN, along with key international and regional actors, can help to ensure broad national ownership, adherence to international principles, credibility, transparency and accountability (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":356, "Sentence":"The technical capacity and expertise of civil society groups will often need to be strengthened, particularly when conflict has diminished human and financial resources.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR technical capacity expertise civil society group often need strengthened particularly conflict diminished human financial resource ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.7. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Ensuring national and local ownership is crucial to the success of integrated DDR. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between ex-combatants and community members. Even when receiving financial and technical assistance from partners, it is the responsibility of national Governments to ensure coordination between government ministries and local government, between Government and national civil society, and between Government and external partners.In contexts where national capacity is weak, a Government exerts national ownership by building the capacity of its national institutions, by contributing to the integrated DDR process and by creating links to other peacebuilding and development initiatives. This is particularly important in the case of reintegration support, as measures should be designed as part of national development and recovery efforts.National and local capacity must be systematically developed, as follows: \\n Creating national and local institutional capacity: A primary role of the UN is to supply technical assistance, training and financial support to national authorities to establish credible, capable, representative and sustainable national institutions and programmes. Such assistance should be based on an assessment and understanding of the particular context and the type of DDR activities to be implemented, including commitments to gender equality. \\n Finding implementing partners: Besides national institutions, civil society is a key partner in DDR. The technical capacity and expertise of civil society groups will often need to be strengthened, particularly when conflict has diminished human and financial resources. Particular attention should be paid to supporting the capacity development of women\u2019s civil society groups to ensure equal participation as partners in DDR. Doing so will help to create a sustainable environment for DDR and to ensure its long-term success. \\n Employing local communities and authorities: Local communities and authorities play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of DDR, particularly in support of reintegration and the implementation of DDR-related tools. Therefore, their capacities for strategic planning and programme and\/or financial management must be strengthened. Local authorities and populations, ex-combatants and their dependents\/families, and women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall all be involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of integrated DDR processes. This is to ensure that the needs of both individuals and the community are addressed. Increased local ownership builds support for reintegration and reconciliation efforts and supports other local peacebuilding and recovery processes.As the above list shows, national ownership involves more than just central government leadership: it includes the participation of a broad range of State and non-State actors at national, provincial and local levels. Within the IDDRS framework, the UN supports the development of a national DDR strategy, not only by representatives of the various parties to the conflict, but also by civil society; and it encourages the active participation of affected communities and groups, particularly those formerly marginalized in DDR and post-conflict reconstruction processes, such as representatives of women\u2019s groups, children\u2019s advocates, people from minority communities, and persons with disabilities and chronic illness.In supporting national institutions, the UN, along with key international and regional actors, can help to ensure broad national ownership, adherence to international principles, credibility, transparency and accountability (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":356, "Sentence":"Particular attention should be paid to supporting the capacity development of women\u2019s civil society groups to ensure equal participation as partners in DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR particular attention paid supporting capacity development woman \u2019 civil society group ensure equal participation partner ddr ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.7. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Ensuring national and local ownership is crucial to the success of integrated DDR. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between ex-combatants and community members. Even when receiving financial and technical assistance from partners, it is the responsibility of national Governments to ensure coordination between government ministries and local government, between Government and national civil society, and between Government and external partners.In contexts where national capacity is weak, a Government exerts national ownership by building the capacity of its national institutions, by contributing to the integrated DDR process and by creating links to other peacebuilding and development initiatives. This is particularly important in the case of reintegration support, as measures should be designed as part of national development and recovery efforts.National and local capacity must be systematically developed, as follows: \\n Creating national and local institutional capacity: A primary role of the UN is to supply technical assistance, training and financial support to national authorities to establish credible, capable, representative and sustainable national institutions and programmes. Such assistance should be based on an assessment and understanding of the particular context and the type of DDR activities to be implemented, including commitments to gender equality. \\n Finding implementing partners: Besides national institutions, civil society is a key partner in DDR. The technical capacity and expertise of civil society groups will often need to be strengthened, particularly when conflict has diminished human and financial resources. Particular attention should be paid to supporting the capacity development of women\u2019s civil society groups to ensure equal participation as partners in DDR. Doing so will help to create a sustainable environment for DDR and to ensure its long-term success. \\n Employing local communities and authorities: Local communities and authorities play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of DDR, particularly in support of reintegration and the implementation of DDR-related tools. Therefore, their capacities for strategic planning and programme and\/or financial management must be strengthened. Local authorities and populations, ex-combatants and their dependents\/families, and women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall all be involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of integrated DDR processes. This is to ensure that the needs of both individuals and the community are addressed. Increased local ownership builds support for reintegration and reconciliation efforts and supports other local peacebuilding and recovery processes.As the above list shows, national ownership involves more than just central government leadership: it includes the participation of a broad range of State and non-State actors at national, provincial and local levels. Within the IDDRS framework, the UN supports the development of a national DDR strategy, not only by representatives of the various parties to the conflict, but also by civil society; and it encourages the active participation of affected communities and groups, particularly those formerly marginalized in DDR and post-conflict reconstruction processes, such as representatives of women\u2019s groups, children\u2019s advocates, people from minority communities, and persons with disabilities and chronic illness.In supporting national institutions, the UN, along with key international and regional actors, can help to ensure broad national ownership, adherence to international principles, credibility, transparency and accountability (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":356, "Sentence":"Doing so will help to create a sustainable environment for DDR and to ensure its long-term success.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR help create sustainable environment ddr ensure longterm success ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.7. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Ensuring national and local ownership is crucial to the success of integrated DDR. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between ex-combatants and community members. Even when receiving financial and technical assistance from partners, it is the responsibility of national Governments to ensure coordination between government ministries and local government, between Government and national civil society, and between Government and external partners.In contexts where national capacity is weak, a Government exerts national ownership by building the capacity of its national institutions, by contributing to the integrated DDR process and by creating links to other peacebuilding and development initiatives. This is particularly important in the case of reintegration support, as measures should be designed as part of national development and recovery efforts.National and local capacity must be systematically developed, as follows: \\n Creating national and local institutional capacity: A primary role of the UN is to supply technical assistance, training and financial support to national authorities to establish credible, capable, representative and sustainable national institutions and programmes. Such assistance should be based on an assessment and understanding of the particular context and the type of DDR activities to be implemented, including commitments to gender equality. \\n Finding implementing partners: Besides national institutions, civil society is a key partner in DDR. The technical capacity and expertise of civil society groups will often need to be strengthened, particularly when conflict has diminished human and financial resources. Particular attention should be paid to supporting the capacity development of women\u2019s civil society groups to ensure equal participation as partners in DDR. Doing so will help to create a sustainable environment for DDR and to ensure its long-term success. \\n Employing local communities and authorities: Local communities and authorities play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of DDR, particularly in support of reintegration and the implementation of DDR-related tools. Therefore, their capacities for strategic planning and programme and\/or financial management must be strengthened. Local authorities and populations, ex-combatants and their dependents\/families, and women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall all be involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of integrated DDR processes. This is to ensure that the needs of both individuals and the community are addressed. Increased local ownership builds support for reintegration and reconciliation efforts and supports other local peacebuilding and recovery processes.As the above list shows, national ownership involves more than just central government leadership: it includes the participation of a broad range of State and non-State actors at national, provincial and local levels. Within the IDDRS framework, the UN supports the development of a national DDR strategy, not only by representatives of the various parties to the conflict, but also by civil society; and it encourages the active participation of affected communities and groups, particularly those formerly marginalized in DDR and post-conflict reconstruction processes, such as representatives of women\u2019s groups, children\u2019s advocates, people from minority communities, and persons with disabilities and chronic illness.In supporting national institutions, the UN, along with key international and regional actors, can help to ensure broad national ownership, adherence to international principles, credibility, transparency and accountability (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":356, "Sentence":"\\n Employing local communities and authorities: Local communities and authorities play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of DDR, particularly in support of reintegration and the implementation of DDR-related tools.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR n employing local community authority local community authority play important role ensuring sustainability ddr particularly support reintegration implementation ddrrelated tool ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.7. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Ensuring national and local ownership is crucial to the success of integrated DDR. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between ex-combatants and community members. Even when receiving financial and technical assistance from partners, it is the responsibility of national Governments to ensure coordination between government ministries and local government, between Government and national civil society, and between Government and external partners.In contexts where national capacity is weak, a Government exerts national ownership by building the capacity of its national institutions, by contributing to the integrated DDR process and by creating links to other peacebuilding and development initiatives. This is particularly important in the case of reintegration support, as measures should be designed as part of national development and recovery efforts.National and local capacity must be systematically developed, as follows: \\n Creating national and local institutional capacity: A primary role of the UN is to supply technical assistance, training and financial support to national authorities to establish credible, capable, representative and sustainable national institutions and programmes. Such assistance should be based on an assessment and understanding of the particular context and the type of DDR activities to be implemented, including commitments to gender equality. \\n Finding implementing partners: Besides national institutions, civil society is a key partner in DDR. The technical capacity and expertise of civil society groups will often need to be strengthened, particularly when conflict has diminished human and financial resources. Particular attention should be paid to supporting the capacity development of women\u2019s civil society groups to ensure equal participation as partners in DDR. Doing so will help to create a sustainable environment for DDR and to ensure its long-term success. \\n Employing local communities and authorities: Local communities and authorities play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of DDR, particularly in support of reintegration and the implementation of DDR-related tools. Therefore, their capacities for strategic planning and programme and\/or financial management must be strengthened. Local authorities and populations, ex-combatants and their dependents\/families, and women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall all be involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of integrated DDR processes. This is to ensure that the needs of both individuals and the community are addressed. Increased local ownership builds support for reintegration and reconciliation efforts and supports other local peacebuilding and recovery processes.As the above list shows, national ownership involves more than just central government leadership: it includes the participation of a broad range of State and non-State actors at national, provincial and local levels. Within the IDDRS framework, the UN supports the development of a national DDR strategy, not only by representatives of the various parties to the conflict, but also by civil society; and it encourages the active participation of affected communities and groups, particularly those formerly marginalized in DDR and post-conflict reconstruction processes, such as representatives of women\u2019s groups, children\u2019s advocates, people from minority communities, and persons with disabilities and chronic illness.In supporting national institutions, the UN, along with key international and regional actors, can help to ensure broad national ownership, adherence to international principles, credibility, transparency and accountability (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":356, "Sentence":"Therefore, their capacities for strategic planning and programme and\/or financial management must be strengthened.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR therefore capacity strategic planning programme and\/or financial management must strengthened ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.7. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Ensuring national and local ownership is crucial to the success of integrated DDR. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between ex-combatants and community members. Even when receiving financial and technical assistance from partners, it is the responsibility of national Governments to ensure coordination between government ministries and local government, between Government and national civil society, and between Government and external partners.In contexts where national capacity is weak, a Government exerts national ownership by building the capacity of its national institutions, by contributing to the integrated DDR process and by creating links to other peacebuilding and development initiatives. This is particularly important in the case of reintegration support, as measures should be designed as part of national development and recovery efforts.National and local capacity must be systematically developed, as follows: \\n Creating national and local institutional capacity: A primary role of the UN is to supply technical assistance, training and financial support to national authorities to establish credible, capable, representative and sustainable national institutions and programmes. Such assistance should be based on an assessment and understanding of the particular context and the type of DDR activities to be implemented, including commitments to gender equality. \\n Finding implementing partners: Besides national institutions, civil society is a key partner in DDR. The technical capacity and expertise of civil society groups will often need to be strengthened, particularly when conflict has diminished human and financial resources. Particular attention should be paid to supporting the capacity development of women\u2019s civil society groups to ensure equal participation as partners in DDR. Doing so will help to create a sustainable environment for DDR and to ensure its long-term success. \\n Employing local communities and authorities: Local communities and authorities play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of DDR, particularly in support of reintegration and the implementation of DDR-related tools. Therefore, their capacities for strategic planning and programme and\/or financial management must be strengthened. Local authorities and populations, ex-combatants and their dependents\/families, and women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall all be involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of integrated DDR processes. This is to ensure that the needs of both individuals and the community are addressed. Increased local ownership builds support for reintegration and reconciliation efforts and supports other local peacebuilding and recovery processes.As the above list shows, national ownership involves more than just central government leadership: it includes the participation of a broad range of State and non-State actors at national, provincial and local levels. Within the IDDRS framework, the UN supports the development of a national DDR strategy, not only by representatives of the various parties to the conflict, but also by civil society; and it encourages the active participation of affected communities and groups, particularly those formerly marginalized in DDR and post-conflict reconstruction processes, such as representatives of women\u2019s groups, children\u2019s advocates, people from minority communities, and persons with disabilities and chronic illness.In supporting national institutions, the UN, along with key international and regional actors, can help to ensure broad national ownership, adherence to international principles, credibility, transparency and accountability (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":356, "Sentence":"Local authorities and populations, ex-combatants and their dependents\/families, and women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall all be involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of integrated DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR local authority population excombatants dependents\/families woman girl formerly associated armed force group shall involved planning implementation monitoring integrated ddr process ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.7. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Ensuring national and local ownership is crucial to the success of integrated DDR. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between ex-combatants and community members. Even when receiving financial and technical assistance from partners, it is the responsibility of national Governments to ensure coordination between government ministries and local government, between Government and national civil society, and between Government and external partners.In contexts where national capacity is weak, a Government exerts national ownership by building the capacity of its national institutions, by contributing to the integrated DDR process and by creating links to other peacebuilding and development initiatives. This is particularly important in the case of reintegration support, as measures should be designed as part of national development and recovery efforts.National and local capacity must be systematically developed, as follows: \\n Creating national and local institutional capacity: A primary role of the UN is to supply technical assistance, training and financial support to national authorities to establish credible, capable, representative and sustainable national institutions and programmes. Such assistance should be based on an assessment and understanding of the particular context and the type of DDR activities to be implemented, including commitments to gender equality. \\n Finding implementing partners: Besides national institutions, civil society is a key partner in DDR. The technical capacity and expertise of civil society groups will often need to be strengthened, particularly when conflict has diminished human and financial resources. Particular attention should be paid to supporting the capacity development of women\u2019s civil society groups to ensure equal participation as partners in DDR. Doing so will help to create a sustainable environment for DDR and to ensure its long-term success. \\n Employing local communities and authorities: Local communities and authorities play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of DDR, particularly in support of reintegration and the implementation of DDR-related tools. Therefore, their capacities for strategic planning and programme and\/or financial management must be strengthened. Local authorities and populations, ex-combatants and their dependents\/families, and women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall all be involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of integrated DDR processes. This is to ensure that the needs of both individuals and the community are addressed. Increased local ownership builds support for reintegration and reconciliation efforts and supports other local peacebuilding and recovery processes.As the above list shows, national ownership involves more than just central government leadership: it includes the participation of a broad range of State and non-State actors at national, provincial and local levels. Within the IDDRS framework, the UN supports the development of a national DDR strategy, not only by representatives of the various parties to the conflict, but also by civil society; and it encourages the active participation of affected communities and groups, particularly those formerly marginalized in DDR and post-conflict reconstruction processes, such as representatives of women\u2019s groups, children\u2019s advocates, people from minority communities, and persons with disabilities and chronic illness.In supporting national institutions, the UN, along with key international and regional actors, can help to ensure broad national ownership, adherence to international principles, credibility, transparency and accountability (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":356, "Sentence":"This is to ensure that the needs of both individuals and the community are addressed.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ensure need individual community addressed ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.7. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Ensuring national and local ownership is crucial to the success of integrated DDR. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between ex-combatants and community members. Even when receiving financial and technical assistance from partners, it is the responsibility of national Governments to ensure coordination between government ministries and local government, between Government and national civil society, and between Government and external partners.In contexts where national capacity is weak, a Government exerts national ownership by building the capacity of its national institutions, by contributing to the integrated DDR process and by creating links to other peacebuilding and development initiatives. This is particularly important in the case of reintegration support, as measures should be designed as part of national development and recovery efforts.National and local capacity must be systematically developed, as follows: \\n Creating national and local institutional capacity: A primary role of the UN is to supply technical assistance, training and financial support to national authorities to establish credible, capable, representative and sustainable national institutions and programmes. Such assistance should be based on an assessment and understanding of the particular context and the type of DDR activities to be implemented, including commitments to gender equality. \\n Finding implementing partners: Besides national institutions, civil society is a key partner in DDR. The technical capacity and expertise of civil society groups will often need to be strengthened, particularly when conflict has diminished human and financial resources. Particular attention should be paid to supporting the capacity development of women\u2019s civil society groups to ensure equal participation as partners in DDR. Doing so will help to create a sustainable environment for DDR and to ensure its long-term success. \\n Employing local communities and authorities: Local communities and authorities play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of DDR, particularly in support of reintegration and the implementation of DDR-related tools. Therefore, their capacities for strategic planning and programme and\/or financial management must be strengthened. Local authorities and populations, ex-combatants and their dependents\/families, and women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall all be involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of integrated DDR processes. This is to ensure that the needs of both individuals and the community are addressed. Increased local ownership builds support for reintegration and reconciliation efforts and supports other local peacebuilding and recovery processes.As the above list shows, national ownership involves more than just central government leadership: it includes the participation of a broad range of State and non-State actors at national, provincial and local levels. Within the IDDRS framework, the UN supports the development of a national DDR strategy, not only by representatives of the various parties to the conflict, but also by civil society; and it encourages the active participation of affected communities and groups, particularly those formerly marginalized in DDR and post-conflict reconstruction processes, such as representatives of women\u2019s groups, children\u2019s advocates, people from minority communities, and persons with disabilities and chronic illness.In supporting national institutions, the UN, along with key international and regional actors, can help to ensure broad national ownership, adherence to international principles, credibility, transparency and accountability (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":356, "Sentence":"Increased local ownership builds support for reintegration and reconciliation efforts and supports other local peacebuilding and recovery processes.As the above list shows, national ownership involves more than just central government leadership: it includes the participation of a broad range of State and non-State actors at national, provincial and local levels.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR increased local ownership build support reintegration reconciliation effort support local peacebuilding recovery processes.as list show national ownership involves central government leadership includes participation broad range state nonstate actor national provincial local level ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.7. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Ensuring national and local ownership is crucial to the success of integrated DDR. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between ex-combatants and community members. Even when receiving financial and technical assistance from partners, it is the responsibility of national Governments to ensure coordination between government ministries and local government, between Government and national civil society, and between Government and external partners.In contexts where national capacity is weak, a Government exerts national ownership by building the capacity of its national institutions, by contributing to the integrated DDR process and by creating links to other peacebuilding and development initiatives. This is particularly important in the case of reintegration support, as measures should be designed as part of national development and recovery efforts.National and local capacity must be systematically developed, as follows: \\n Creating national and local institutional capacity: A primary role of the UN is to supply technical assistance, training and financial support to national authorities to establish credible, capable, representative and sustainable national institutions and programmes. Such assistance should be based on an assessment and understanding of the particular context and the type of DDR activities to be implemented, including commitments to gender equality. \\n Finding implementing partners: Besides national institutions, civil society is a key partner in DDR. The technical capacity and expertise of civil society groups will often need to be strengthened, particularly when conflict has diminished human and financial resources. Particular attention should be paid to supporting the capacity development of women\u2019s civil society groups to ensure equal participation as partners in DDR. Doing so will help to create a sustainable environment for DDR and to ensure its long-term success. \\n Employing local communities and authorities: Local communities and authorities play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of DDR, particularly in support of reintegration and the implementation of DDR-related tools. Therefore, their capacities for strategic planning and programme and\/or financial management must be strengthened. Local authorities and populations, ex-combatants and their dependents\/families, and women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall all be involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of integrated DDR processes. This is to ensure that the needs of both individuals and the community are addressed. Increased local ownership builds support for reintegration and reconciliation efforts and supports other local peacebuilding and recovery processes.As the above list shows, national ownership involves more than just central government leadership: it includes the participation of a broad range of State and non-State actors at national, provincial and local levels. Within the IDDRS framework, the UN supports the development of a national DDR strategy, not only by representatives of the various parties to the conflict, but also by civil society; and it encourages the active participation of affected communities and groups, particularly those formerly marginalized in DDR and post-conflict reconstruction processes, such as representatives of women\u2019s groups, children\u2019s advocates, people from minority communities, and persons with disabilities and chronic illness.In supporting national institutions, the UN, along with key international and regional actors, can help to ensure broad national ownership, adherence to international principles, credibility, transparency and accountability (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":356, "Sentence":"Within the IDDRS framework, the UN supports the development of a national DDR strategy, not only by representatives of the various parties to the conflict, but also by civil society; and it encourages the active participation of affected communities and groups, particularly those formerly marginalized in DDR and post-conflict reconstruction processes, such as representatives of women\u2019s groups, children\u2019s advocates, people from minority communities, and persons with disabilities and chronic illness.In supporting national institutions, the UN, along with key international and regional actors, can help to ensure broad national ownership, adherence to international principles, credibility, transparency and accountability (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR within iddrs framework un support development national ddr strategy representative various party conflict also civil society encourages active participation affected community group particularly formerly marginalized ddr postconflict reconstruction process representative woman \u2019 group child \u2019 advocate people minority community person disability chronic illness.in supporting national institution un along key international regional actor help ensure broad national ownership adherence international principle credibility transparency accountability see iddrs 3.30 national institution ddr ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.8 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The regional causes of conflict and the political, social and economic interrelationships among neighbouring States sharing insecure borders will present challenges in the implementation of DDR. Managing repatriation and the cross-border movement of weapons and armed groups requires careful coordination among UN agencies and regional organizations supporting DDR, both in the countries concerned and in neighbouring countries where there may be spill-over effects. The return of foreign former combatants and mercenaries may be a particular problem and will require a separate strategy (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). Most notably, UN actors need to engage regional stakeholders in order to foster a conducive regional environment, including support from neighbouring countries, for DDR interventions addressing armed groups operating on foreign national territory and with regional structures.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":357, "Sentence":"The regional causes of conflict and the political, social and economic interrelationships among neighbouring States sharing insecure borders will present challenges in the implementation of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR regional cause conflict political social economic interrelationship among neighbouring state sharing insecure border present challenge implementation ddr ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.8 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The regional causes of conflict and the political, social and economic interrelationships among neighbouring States sharing insecure borders will present challenges in the implementation of DDR. Managing repatriation and the cross-border movement of weapons and armed groups requires careful coordination among UN agencies and regional organizations supporting DDR, both in the countries concerned and in neighbouring countries where there may be spill-over effects. The return of foreign former combatants and mercenaries may be a particular problem and will require a separate strategy (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). Most notably, UN actors need to engage regional stakeholders in order to foster a conducive regional environment, including support from neighbouring countries, for DDR interventions addressing armed groups operating on foreign national territory and with regional structures.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":357, "Sentence":"Managing repatriation and the cross-border movement of weapons and armed groups requires careful coordination among UN agencies and regional organizations supporting DDR, both in the countries concerned and in neighbouring countries where there may be spill-over effects.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR managing repatriation crossborder movement weapon armed group requires careful coordination among un agency regional organization supporting ddr country concerned neighbouring country may spillover effect ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.8 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The regional causes of conflict and the political, social and economic interrelationships among neighbouring States sharing insecure borders will present challenges in the implementation of DDR. Managing repatriation and the cross-border movement of weapons and armed groups requires careful coordination among UN agencies and regional organizations supporting DDR, both in the countries concerned and in neighbouring countries where there may be spill-over effects. The return of foreign former combatants and mercenaries may be a particular problem and will require a separate strategy (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). Most notably, UN actors need to engage regional stakeholders in order to foster a conducive regional environment, including support from neighbouring countries, for DDR interventions addressing armed groups operating on foreign national territory and with regional structures.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":357, "Sentence":"The return of foreign former combatants and mercenaries may be a particular problem and will require a separate strategy (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR return foreign former combatant mercenary may particular problem require separate strategy see iddrs 5.40 crossborder population movement ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.8 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The regional causes of conflict and the political, social and economic interrelationships among neighbouring States sharing insecure borders will present challenges in the implementation of DDR. Managing repatriation and the cross-border movement of weapons and armed groups requires careful coordination among UN agencies and regional organizations supporting DDR, both in the countries concerned and in neighbouring countries where there may be spill-over effects. The return of foreign former combatants and mercenaries may be a particular problem and will require a separate strategy (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). Most notably, UN actors need to engage regional stakeholders in order to foster a conducive regional environment, including support from neighbouring countries, for DDR interventions addressing armed groups operating on foreign national territory and with regional structures.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":357, "Sentence":"Most notably, UN actors need to engage regional stakeholders in order to foster a conducive regional environment, including support from neighbouring countries, for DDR interventions addressing armed groups operating on foreign national territory and with regional structures.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR notably un actor need engage regional stakeholder order foster conducive regional environment including support neighbouring country ddr intervention addressing armed group operating foreign national territory regional structure ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.9. Integrated ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"From the earliest assessment phase and throughout all stages of strategy development, planning and implementation, it is essential to encourage integration and unity of effort within the UN system and with national players. It is also important to coordinate the participation of international partners so as to achieve common objectives. Joint assess-ments and programming are key to ensuring that DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission contexts are implemented in an integrated manner. DDR practitioners should also strive for an integrated approach in contexts where DDR programmes are used in combination with DDR-related tools, and in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are absent (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Planning).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":358, "Sentence":"From the earliest assessment phase and throughout all stages of strategy development, planning and implementation, it is essential to encourage integration and unity of effort within the UN system and with national players.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR earliest assessment phase throughout stage strategy development planning implementation essential encourage integration unity effort within un system national player ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.9. Integrated ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"From the earliest assessment phase and throughout all stages of strategy development, planning and implementation, it is essential to encourage integration and unity of effort within the UN system and with national players. It is also important to coordinate the participation of international partners so as to achieve common objectives. Joint assess-ments and programming are key to ensuring that DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission contexts are implemented in an integrated manner. DDR practitioners should also strive for an integrated approach in contexts where DDR programmes are used in combination with DDR-related tools, and in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are absent (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Planning).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":358, "Sentence":"It is also important to coordinate the participation of international partners so as to achieve common objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR also important coordinate participation international partner achieve common objective ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.9. Integrated ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"From the earliest assessment phase and throughout all stages of strategy development, planning and implementation, it is essential to encourage integration and unity of effort within the UN system and with national players. It is also important to coordinate the participation of international partners so as to achieve common objectives. Joint assess-ments and programming are key to ensuring that DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission contexts are implemented in an integrated manner. DDR practitioners should also strive for an integrated approach in contexts where DDR programmes are used in combination with DDR-related tools, and in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are absent (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Planning).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":358, "Sentence":"Joint assess-ments and programming are key to ensuring that DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission contexts are implemented in an integrated manner.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR joint assessment programming key ensuring ddr programme mission nonmission context implemented integrated manner ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.9. Integrated ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"From the earliest assessment phase and throughout all stages of strategy development, planning and implementation, it is essential to encourage integration and unity of effort within the UN system and with national players. It is also important to coordinate the participation of international partners so as to achieve common objectives. Joint assess-ments and programming are key to ensuring that DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission contexts are implemented in an integrated manner. DDR practitioners should also strive for an integrated approach in contexts where DDR programmes are used in combination with DDR-related tools, and in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are absent (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Planning).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":358, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should also strive for an integrated approach in contexts where DDR programmes are used in combination with DDR-related tools, and in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are absent (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Planning).", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ddr practitioner also strive integrated approach context ddr programme used combination ddrrelated tool setting precondition ddr programme absent see iddrs 3.10 integrated planning ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.10. Well planned", "Heading3":"8.10.1. Safety and security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Given that DDR is aimed at groups who are a security risk and is implemented in fragile security environments, both risks and operational security and safety protocols should be decided on before the planning and implementation of activities. These should include the security and safety needs of UN and partner agency personnel involved in DDR operations, DDR participants (who will have many different needs) and members of local communities. Security and other services must be provided either by UN military and\/or a UN police component or national police and security forces. Security concerns should be included in operational plans, and clear criteria, in line with the UN Programme Criticality Framework, should be established for starting, delaying, suspending or cancelling activities and\/or operations, should security risks be too high.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":359, "Sentence":"Given that DDR is aimed at groups who are a security risk and is implemented in fragile security environments, both risks and operational security and safety protocols should be decided on before the planning and implementation of activities.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR given ddr aimed group security risk implemented fragile security environment risk operational security safety protocol decided planning implementation activity ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.10. Well planned", "Heading3":"8.10.1. Safety and security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Given that DDR is aimed at groups who are a security risk and is implemented in fragile security environments, both risks and operational security and safety protocols should be decided on before the planning and implementation of activities. These should include the security and safety needs of UN and partner agency personnel involved in DDR operations, DDR participants (who will have many different needs) and members of local communities. Security and other services must be provided either by UN military and\/or a UN police component or national police and security forces. Security concerns should be included in operational plans, and clear criteria, in line with the UN Programme Criticality Framework, should be established for starting, delaying, suspending or cancelling activities and\/or operations, should security risks be too high.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":359, "Sentence":"These should include the security and safety needs of UN and partner agency personnel involved in DDR operations, DDR participants (who will have many different needs) and members of local communities.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR include security safety need un partner agency personnel involved ddr operation ddr participant many different need member local community ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.10. Well planned", "Heading3":"8.10.1. Safety and security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Given that DDR is aimed at groups who are a security risk and is implemented in fragile security environments, both risks and operational security and safety protocols should be decided on before the planning and implementation of activities. These should include the security and safety needs of UN and partner agency personnel involved in DDR operations, DDR participants (who will have many different needs) and members of local communities. Security and other services must be provided either by UN military and\/or a UN police component or national police and security forces. Security concerns should be included in operational plans, and clear criteria, in line with the UN Programme Criticality Framework, should be established for starting, delaying, suspending or cancelling activities and\/or operations, should security risks be too high.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":359, "Sentence":"Security and other services must be provided either by UN military and\/or a UN police component or national police and security forces.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR security service must provided either un military and\/or un police component national police security force ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.10. Well planned", "Heading3":"8.10.1. Safety and security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Given that DDR is aimed at groups who are a security risk and is implemented in fragile security environments, both risks and operational security and safety protocols should be decided on before the planning and implementation of activities. These should include the security and safety needs of UN and partner agency personnel involved in DDR operations, DDR participants (who will have many different needs) and members of local communities. Security and other services must be provided either by UN military and\/or a UN police component or national police and security forces. Security concerns should be included in operational plans, and clear criteria, in line with the UN Programme Criticality Framework, should be established for starting, delaying, suspending or cancelling activities and\/or operations, should security risks be too high.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":359, "Sentence":"Security concerns should be included in operational plans, and clear criteria, in line with the UN Programme Criticality Framework, should be established for starting, delaying, suspending or cancelling activities and\/or operations, should security risks be too high.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR security concern included operational plan clear criterion line un programme criticality framework established starting delaying suspending cancelling activity and\/or operation security risk high ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.10. Well planned", "Heading3":"8.10.2. Planning: assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR processes shall be designed on the basis of detailed quantitative and qualitative data. Supporting information management systems should ensure that this data remains up to date, accurate and accessible. In the planning stages, information is gathered on the location of armed forces and groups, the demographics of their members (grouped according to sex and age), their weapons stocks, and the political and conflict dynamics at national and local levels. Surveys of national and local labour market conditions and reintegration opportunities should be undertaken. Regularly updating this information, as well as population-specific surveys (e.g., with women associated with armed forces and groups), allows for DDR to adapt to changing circumstances (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Planning, IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design and IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).Internal and external monitoring and evaluation mechanisms must be established from the start to strengthen accountability within integrated DDR, ensure quality in the implementation and delivery of DDR activities and services, and allow for flexibility and adaptation of strategies and activities when required. Monitoring and evaluation should be based on an integrated approach to metrics, and produce lessons learned and best practices that will influence the further development of IDDRS policy and practice (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":360, "Sentence":"Integrated DDR processes shall be designed on the basis of detailed quantitative and qualitative data.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR integrated ddr process shall designed basis detailed quantitative qualitative data ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.10. Well planned", "Heading3":"8.10.2. Planning: assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR processes shall be designed on the basis of detailed quantitative and qualitative data. Supporting information management systems should ensure that this data remains up to date, accurate and accessible. In the planning stages, information is gathered on the location of armed forces and groups, the demographics of their members (grouped according to sex and age), their weapons stocks, and the political and conflict dynamics at national and local levels. Surveys of national and local labour market conditions and reintegration opportunities should be undertaken. Regularly updating this information, as well as population-specific surveys (e.g., with women associated with armed forces and groups), allows for DDR to adapt to changing circumstances (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Planning, IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design and IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).Internal and external monitoring and evaluation mechanisms must be established from the start to strengthen accountability within integrated DDR, ensure quality in the implementation and delivery of DDR activities and services, and allow for flexibility and adaptation of strategies and activities when required. Monitoring and evaluation should be based on an integrated approach to metrics, and produce lessons learned and best practices that will influence the further development of IDDRS policy and practice (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":360, "Sentence":"Supporting information management systems should ensure that this data remains up to date, accurate and accessible.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR supporting information management system ensure data remains date accurate accessible ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.10. Well planned", "Heading3":"8.10.2. Planning: assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR processes shall be designed on the basis of detailed quantitative and qualitative data. Supporting information management systems should ensure that this data remains up to date, accurate and accessible. In the planning stages, information is gathered on the location of armed forces and groups, the demographics of their members (grouped according to sex and age), their weapons stocks, and the political and conflict dynamics at national and local levels. Surveys of national and local labour market conditions and reintegration opportunities should be undertaken. Regularly updating this information, as well as population-specific surveys (e.g., with women associated with armed forces and groups), allows for DDR to adapt to changing circumstances (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Planning, IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design and IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).Internal and external monitoring and evaluation mechanisms must be established from the start to strengthen accountability within integrated DDR, ensure quality in the implementation and delivery of DDR activities and services, and allow for flexibility and adaptation of strategies and activities when required. Monitoring and evaluation should be based on an integrated approach to metrics, and produce lessons learned and best practices that will influence the further development of IDDRS policy and practice (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":360, "Sentence":"In the planning stages, information is gathered on the location of armed forces and groups, the demographics of their members (grouped according to sex and age), their weapons stocks, and the political and conflict dynamics at national and local levels.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR planning stage information gathered location armed force group demographic member grouped according sex age weapon stock political conflict dynamic national local level ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.10. Well planned", "Heading3":"8.10.2. Planning: assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR processes shall be designed on the basis of detailed quantitative and qualitative data. Supporting information management systems should ensure that this data remains up to date, accurate and accessible. In the planning stages, information is gathered on the location of armed forces and groups, the demographics of their members (grouped according to sex and age), their weapons stocks, and the political and conflict dynamics at national and local levels. Surveys of national and local labour market conditions and reintegration opportunities should be undertaken. Regularly updating this information, as well as population-specific surveys (e.g., with women associated with armed forces and groups), allows for DDR to adapt to changing circumstances (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Planning, IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design and IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).Internal and external monitoring and evaluation mechanisms must be established from the start to strengthen accountability within integrated DDR, ensure quality in the implementation and delivery of DDR activities and services, and allow for flexibility and adaptation of strategies and activities when required. Monitoring and evaluation should be based on an integrated approach to metrics, and produce lessons learned and best practices that will influence the further development of IDDRS policy and practice (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":360, "Sentence":"Surveys of national and local labour market conditions and reintegration opportunities should be undertaken.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR survey national local labour market condition reintegration opportunity undertaken ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.10. Well planned", "Heading3":"8.10.2. Planning: assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR processes shall be designed on the basis of detailed quantitative and qualitative data. Supporting information management systems should ensure that this data remains up to date, accurate and accessible. In the planning stages, information is gathered on the location of armed forces and groups, the demographics of their members (grouped according to sex and age), their weapons stocks, and the political and conflict dynamics at national and local levels. Surveys of national and local labour market conditions and reintegration opportunities should be undertaken. Regularly updating this information, as well as population-specific surveys (e.g., with women associated with armed forces and groups), allows for DDR to adapt to changing circumstances (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Planning, IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design and IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).Internal and external monitoring and evaluation mechanisms must be established from the start to strengthen accountability within integrated DDR, ensure quality in the implementation and delivery of DDR activities and services, and allow for flexibility and adaptation of strategies and activities when required. Monitoring and evaluation should be based on an integrated approach to metrics, and produce lessons learned and best practices that will influence the further development of IDDRS policy and practice (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":360, "Sentence":"Regularly updating this information, as well as population-specific surveys (e.g., with women associated with armed forces and groups), allows for DDR to adapt to changing circumstances (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Planning, IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design and IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).Internal and external monitoring and evaluation mechanisms must be established from the start to strengthen accountability within integrated DDR, ensure quality in the implementation and delivery of DDR activities and services, and allow for flexibility and adaptation of strategies and activities when required.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR regularly updating information well populationspecific survey e.g . woman associated armed force group allows ddr adapt changing circumstance also see iddrs 3.10 integrated planning iddrs 3.20 ddr programme design iddrs 3.30 national institution ddr.internal external monitoring evaluation mechanism must established start strengthen accountability within integrated ddr ensure quality implementation delivery ddr activity service allow flexibility adaptation strategy activity required ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.10. Well planned", "Heading3":"8.10.2. Planning: assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR processes shall be designed on the basis of detailed quantitative and qualitative data. Supporting information management systems should ensure that this data remains up to date, accurate and accessible. In the planning stages, information is gathered on the location of armed forces and groups, the demographics of their members (grouped according to sex and age), their weapons stocks, and the political and conflict dynamics at national and local levels. Surveys of national and local labour market conditions and reintegration opportunities should be undertaken. Regularly updating this information, as well as population-specific surveys (e.g., with women associated with armed forces and groups), allows for DDR to adapt to changing circumstances (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Planning, IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design and IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).Internal and external monitoring and evaluation mechanisms must be established from the start to strengthen accountability within integrated DDR, ensure quality in the implementation and delivery of DDR activities and services, and allow for flexibility and adaptation of strategies and activities when required. Monitoring and evaluation should be based on an integrated approach to metrics, and produce lessons learned and best practices that will influence the further development of IDDRS policy and practice (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":360, "Sentence":"Monitoring and evaluation should be based on an integrated approach to metrics, and produce lessons learned and best practices that will influence the further development of IDDRS policy and practice (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR monitoring evaluation based integrated approach metric produce lesson learned best practice influence development iddrs policy practice see iddrs 3.50 monitoring evaluation ddr programme ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.10. Well planned", "Heading3":"8.10.3. Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Public information, awareness-raising and community sensitization ensure that affected communities and participants receive accurate information on DDR procedures and benefits. The sharing of information helps generate broad public support and national ownership, and at the same time manages expectations and encourages behavioural change, the demilitarization of hearts and minds, and reconciliation between ex-com-batants and war-affected communities. Public information strategies should be drawn up and implemented as early as possible. Messages should be appropriately tailored for different audiences, considering gender and cultural dimensions in design and delivery, and should employ many different and locally appropriate means of communication (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":361, "Sentence":"Public information, awareness-raising and community sensitization ensure that affected communities and participants receive accurate information on DDR procedures and benefits.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR public information awarenessraising community sensitization ensure affected community participant receive accurate information ddr procedure benefit ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.10. Well planned", "Heading3":"8.10.3. Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Public information, awareness-raising and community sensitization ensure that affected communities and participants receive accurate information on DDR procedures and benefits. The sharing of information helps generate broad public support and national ownership, and at the same time manages expectations and encourages behavioural change, the demilitarization of hearts and minds, and reconciliation between ex-com-batants and war-affected communities. Public information strategies should be drawn up and implemented as early as possible. Messages should be appropriately tailored for different audiences, considering gender and cultural dimensions in design and delivery, and should employ many different and locally appropriate means of communication (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":361, "Sentence":"The sharing of information helps generate broad public support and national ownership, and at the same time manages expectations and encourages behavioural change, the demilitarization of hearts and minds, and reconciliation between ex-com-batants and war-affected communities.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR sharing information help generate broad public support national ownership time manages expectation encourages behavioural change demilitarization heart mind reconciliation excombatants waraffected community ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.10. Well planned", "Heading3":"8.10.3. Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Public information, awareness-raising and community sensitization ensure that affected communities and participants receive accurate information on DDR procedures and benefits. The sharing of information helps generate broad public support and national ownership, and at the same time manages expectations and encourages behavioural change, the demilitarization of hearts and minds, and reconciliation between ex-com-batants and war-affected communities. Public information strategies should be drawn up and implemented as early as possible. Messages should be appropriately tailored for different audiences, considering gender and cultural dimensions in design and delivery, and should employ many different and locally appropriate means of communication (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":361, "Sentence":"Public information strategies should be drawn up and implemented as early as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR public information strategy drawn implemented early possible ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.10. Well planned", "Heading3":"8.10.3. Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Public information, awareness-raising and community sensitization ensure that affected communities and participants receive accurate information on DDR procedures and benefits. The sharing of information helps generate broad public support and national ownership, and at the same time manages expectations and encourages behavioural change, the demilitarization of hearts and minds, and reconciliation between ex-com-batants and war-affected communities. Public information strategies should be drawn up and implemented as early as possible. Messages should be appropriately tailored for different audiences, considering gender and cultural dimensions in design and delivery, and should employ many different and locally appropriate means of communication (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":361, "Sentence":"Messages should be appropriately tailored for different audiences, considering gender and cultural dimensions in design and delivery, and should employ many different and locally appropriate means of communication (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR message appropriately tailored different audience considering gender cultural dimension design delivery employ many different locally appropriate mean communication see iddrs 4.60 public information strategic communication support ddr ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.10. Well planned", "Heading3":"8.10.4. Transition and exit strategies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"While DDR programmes last for a specific period of time that includes the immediate post-conflict situation and the transition and early recovery periods, other aspects of DDR may need to be continued, albeit in a different form. DDR-related tools can be initiated after DDR programmes, such as when the disarmament of armed groups is followed by community-based weapons and ammunition management. Reintegration assistance also becomes an integral part of recovery and development. To ensure a smooth transition from one stage to another, an exit strategy should be defined as soon as possible, and should focus on how integrated DDR will seamlessly transform into broader and\/or longer-term development strategies, such as security sector reform, violence prevention, socio-economic recovery, national reconciliation, peacebuilding, gender equality and poverty reduction.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":362, "Sentence":"While DDR programmes last for a specific period of time that includes the immediate post-conflict situation and the transition and early recovery periods, other aspects of DDR may need to be continued, albeit in a different form.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ddr programme last specific period time includes immediate postconflict situation transition early recovery period aspect ddr may need continued albeit different form ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.10. Well planned", "Heading3":"8.10.4. Transition and exit strategies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"While DDR programmes last for a specific period of time that includes the immediate post-conflict situation and the transition and early recovery periods, other aspects of DDR may need to be continued, albeit in a different form. DDR-related tools can be initiated after DDR programmes, such as when the disarmament of armed groups is followed by community-based weapons and ammunition management. Reintegration assistance also becomes an integral part of recovery and development. To ensure a smooth transition from one stage to another, an exit strategy should be defined as soon as possible, and should focus on how integrated DDR will seamlessly transform into broader and\/or longer-term development strategies, such as security sector reform, violence prevention, socio-economic recovery, national reconciliation, peacebuilding, gender equality and poverty reduction.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":362, "Sentence":"DDR-related tools can be initiated after DDR programmes, such as when the disarmament of armed groups is followed by community-based weapons and ammunition management.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ddrrelated tool initiated ddr programme disarmament armed group followed communitybased weapon ammunition management ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.10. Well planned", "Heading3":"8.10.4. Transition and exit strategies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"While DDR programmes last for a specific period of time that includes the immediate post-conflict situation and the transition and early recovery periods, other aspects of DDR may need to be continued, albeit in a different form. DDR-related tools can be initiated after DDR programmes, such as when the disarmament of armed groups is followed by community-based weapons and ammunition management. Reintegration assistance also becomes an integral part of recovery and development. To ensure a smooth transition from one stage to another, an exit strategy should be defined as soon as possible, and should focus on how integrated DDR will seamlessly transform into broader and\/or longer-term development strategies, such as security sector reform, violence prevention, socio-economic recovery, national reconciliation, peacebuilding, gender equality and poverty reduction.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":362, "Sentence":"Reintegration assistance also becomes an integral part of recovery and development.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR reintegration assistance also becomes integral part recovery development ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"8.10. Well planned", "Heading3":"8.10.4. Transition and exit strategies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"While DDR programmes last for a specific period of time that includes the immediate post-conflict situation and the transition and early recovery periods, other aspects of DDR may need to be continued, albeit in a different form. DDR-related tools can be initiated after DDR programmes, such as when the disarmament of armed groups is followed by community-based weapons and ammunition management. Reintegration assistance also becomes an integral part of recovery and development. To ensure a smooth transition from one stage to another, an exit strategy should be defined as soon as possible, and should focus on how integrated DDR will seamlessly transform into broader and\/or longer-term development strategies, such as security sector reform, violence prevention, socio-economic recovery, national reconciliation, peacebuilding, gender equality and poverty reduction.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":362, "Sentence":"To ensure a smooth transition from one stage to another, an exit strategy should be defined as soon as possible, and should focus on how integrated DDR will seamlessly transform into broader and\/or longer-term development strategies, such as security sector reform, violence prevention, socio-economic recovery, national reconciliation, peacebuilding, gender equality and poverty reduction.", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR ensure smooth transition one stage another exit strategy defined soon possible focus integrated ddr seamlessly transform broader and\/or longerterm development strategy security sector reform violence prevention socioeconomic recovery national reconciliation peacebuilding gender equality poverty reduction ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.10-The-UN-Approach-To-DDR", "Heading1":"8. What principles guide UN DDR?", "Heading2":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"The UN Approach To DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"idk404", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":363, "Sentence":"idk404", "ProcessedSent":"The UN Approach To DDR idk404" }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic and political dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being and mental health of ex-combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. During DDR programmes assistance is often given collectively, to large numbers of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as part of the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). However, when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, reintegration support can still play an important role in sustaining peace. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. This renewed UN policy engagement emerges from the need to address ongoing armed conflicts that are often protracted and complex. In these settings, individuals may exit armed forces and groups during all phases of an armed conflict. This type of exit will often be individual and can take different forms, including voluntary exit or capture.In order to support and strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. Instead, reintegration support should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This support may include the provision of assistance to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.When reintegration support is provided during ongoing conflict, it should aim to strengthen resilience against re-recruitment and also to prevent additional first-time recruitment. To do this it is important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. The strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.There will be additional challenges when supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and others involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to \u2018do no harm\u2019 and, in fact, \u2018do good\u2019. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, thereby demanding a higher level of coordination among existing and planned programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":364, "Sentence":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic and political dimensions.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration excombatants person formerly associated armed force group longterm process social economic political dimension ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic and political dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being and mental health of ex-combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. During DDR programmes assistance is often given collectively, to large numbers of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as part of the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). However, when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, reintegration support can still play an important role in sustaining peace. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. This renewed UN policy engagement emerges from the need to address ongoing armed conflicts that are often protracted and complex. In these settings, individuals may exit armed forces and groups during all phases of an armed conflict. This type of exit will often be individual and can take different forms, including voluntary exit or capture.In order to support and strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. Instead, reintegration support should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This support may include the provision of assistance to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.When reintegration support is provided during ongoing conflict, it should aim to strengthen resilience against re-recruitment and also to prevent additional first-time recruitment. To do this it is important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. The strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.There will be additional challenges when supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and others involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to \u2018do no harm\u2019 and, in fact, \u2018do good\u2019. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, thereby demanding a higher level of coordination among existing and planned programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":364, "Sentence":"It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being and mental health of ex-combatants and the wider community.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace may influenced factor choice capacity individual shape new life security situation perception security family support network psychological wellbeing mental health excombatants wider community ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic and political dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being and mental health of ex-combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. During DDR programmes assistance is often given collectively, to large numbers of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as part of the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). However, when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, reintegration support can still play an important role in sustaining peace. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. This renewed UN policy engagement emerges from the need to address ongoing armed conflicts that are often protracted and complex. In these settings, individuals may exit armed forces and groups during all phases of an armed conflict. This type of exit will often be individual and can take different forms, including voluntary exit or capture.In order to support and strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. Instead, reintegration support should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This support may include the provision of assistance to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.When reintegration support is provided during ongoing conflict, it should aim to strengthen resilience against re-recruitment and also to prevent additional first-time recruitment. To do this it is important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. The strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.There will be additional challenges when supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and others involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to \u2018do no harm\u2019 and, in fact, \u2018do good\u2019. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, thereby demanding a higher level of coordination among existing and planned programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":364, "Sentence":"Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration process part development country ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic and political dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being and mental health of ex-combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. During DDR programmes assistance is often given collectively, to large numbers of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as part of the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). However, when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, reintegration support can still play an important role in sustaining peace. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. This renewed UN policy engagement emerges from the need to address ongoing armed conflicts that are often protracted and complex. In these settings, individuals may exit armed forces and groups during all phases of an armed conflict. This type of exit will often be individual and can take different forms, including voluntary exit or capture.In order to support and strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. Instead, reintegration support should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This support may include the provision of assistance to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.When reintegration support is provided during ongoing conflict, it should aim to strengthen resilience against re-recruitment and also to prevent additional first-time recruitment. To do this it is important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. The strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.There will be additional challenges when supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and others involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to \u2018do no harm\u2019 and, in fact, \u2018do good\u2019. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, thereby demanding a higher level of coordination among existing and planned programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":364, "Sentence":"Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace facilitating reintegration therefore primarily responsibility national government institution international community playing supporting role requested.efforts support transition excombatants person formerly associated armed force group civilian life typically taken place part postconflict ddr programme ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic and political dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being and mental health of ex-combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. During DDR programmes assistance is often given collectively, to large numbers of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as part of the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). However, when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, reintegration support can still play an important role in sustaining peace. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. This renewed UN policy engagement emerges from the need to address ongoing armed conflicts that are often protracted and complex. In these settings, individuals may exit armed forces and groups during all phases of an armed conflict. This type of exit will often be individual and can take different forms, including voluntary exit or capture.In order to support and strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. Instead, reintegration support should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This support may include the provision of assistance to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.When reintegration support is provided during ongoing conflict, it should aim to strengthen resilience against re-recruitment and also to prevent additional first-time recruitment. To do this it is important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. The strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.There will be additional challenges when supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and others involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to \u2018do no harm\u2019 and, in fact, \u2018do good\u2019. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, thereby demanding a higher level of coordination among existing and planned programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":364, "Sentence":"During DDR programmes assistance is often given collectively, to large numbers of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as part of the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace ddr programme assistance often given collectively large number ddr participant beneficiary part implementation comprehensive peace agreement cpa ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic and political dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being and mental health of ex-combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. During DDR programmes assistance is often given collectively, to large numbers of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as part of the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). However, when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, reintegration support can still play an important role in sustaining peace. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. This renewed UN policy engagement emerges from the need to address ongoing armed conflicts that are often protracted and complex. In these settings, individuals may exit armed forces and groups during all phases of an armed conflict. This type of exit will often be individual and can take different forms, including voluntary exit or capture.In order to support and strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. Instead, reintegration support should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This support may include the provision of assistance to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.When reintegration support is provided during ongoing conflict, it should aim to strengthen resilience against re-recruitment and also to prevent additional first-time recruitment. To do this it is important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. The strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.There will be additional challenges when supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and others involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to \u2018do no harm\u2019 and, in fact, \u2018do good\u2019. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, thereby demanding a higher level of coordination among existing and planned programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":364, "Sentence":"However, when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, reintegration support can still play an important role in sustaining peace.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace however precondition ddr programme place reintegration support still play important role sustaining peace ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic and political dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being and mental health of ex-combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. During DDR programmes assistance is often given collectively, to large numbers of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as part of the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). However, when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, reintegration support can still play an important role in sustaining peace. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. This renewed UN policy engagement emerges from the need to address ongoing armed conflicts that are often protracted and complex. In these settings, individuals may exit armed forces and groups during all phases of an armed conflict. This type of exit will often be individual and can take different forms, including voluntary exit or capture.In order to support and strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. Instead, reintegration support should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This support may include the provision of assistance to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.When reintegration support is provided during ongoing conflict, it should aim to strengthen resilience against re-recruitment and also to prevent additional first-time recruitment. To do this it is important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. The strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.There will be additional challenges when supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and others involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to \u2018do no harm\u2019 and, in fact, \u2018do good\u2019. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, thereby demanding a higher level of coordination among existing and planned programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":364, "Sentence":"The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace twin un resolution 2015 peacebuilding architecture review general assembly resolution 70\/262 security council resolution 2282 recognize effort sustain peace necessary stage conflict ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic and political dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being and mental health of ex-combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. During DDR programmes assistance is often given collectively, to large numbers of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as part of the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). However, when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, reintegration support can still play an important role in sustaining peace. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. This renewed UN policy engagement emerges from the need to address ongoing armed conflicts that are often protracted and complex. In these settings, individuals may exit armed forces and groups during all phases of an armed conflict. This type of exit will often be individual and can take different forms, including voluntary exit or capture.In order to support and strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. Instead, reintegration support should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This support may include the provision of assistance to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.When reintegration support is provided during ongoing conflict, it should aim to strengthen resilience against re-recruitment and also to prevent additional first-time recruitment. To do this it is important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. The strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.There will be additional challenges when supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and others involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to \u2018do no harm\u2019 and, in fact, \u2018do good\u2019. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, thereby demanding a higher level of coordination among existing and planned programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":364, "Sentence":"This renewed UN policy engagement emerges from the need to address ongoing armed conflicts that are often protracted and complex.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace renewed un policy engagement emerges need address ongoing armed conflict often protracted complex ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic and political dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being and mental health of ex-combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. During DDR programmes assistance is often given collectively, to large numbers of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as part of the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). However, when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, reintegration support can still play an important role in sustaining peace. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. This renewed UN policy engagement emerges from the need to address ongoing armed conflicts that are often protracted and complex. In these settings, individuals may exit armed forces and groups during all phases of an armed conflict. This type of exit will often be individual and can take different forms, including voluntary exit or capture.In order to support and strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. Instead, reintegration support should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This support may include the provision of assistance to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.When reintegration support is provided during ongoing conflict, it should aim to strengthen resilience against re-recruitment and also to prevent additional first-time recruitment. To do this it is important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. The strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.There will be additional challenges when supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and others involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to \u2018do no harm\u2019 and, in fact, \u2018do good\u2019. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, thereby demanding a higher level of coordination among existing and planned programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":364, "Sentence":"In these settings, individuals may exit armed forces and groups during all phases of an armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace setting individual may exit armed force group phase armed conflict ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic and political dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being and mental health of ex-combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. During DDR programmes assistance is often given collectively, to large numbers of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as part of the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). However, when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, reintegration support can still play an important role in sustaining peace. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. This renewed UN policy engagement emerges from the need to address ongoing armed conflicts that are often protracted and complex. In these settings, individuals may exit armed forces and groups during all phases of an armed conflict. This type of exit will often be individual and can take different forms, including voluntary exit or capture.In order to support and strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. Instead, reintegration support should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This support may include the provision of assistance to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.When reintegration support is provided during ongoing conflict, it should aim to strengthen resilience against re-recruitment and also to prevent additional first-time recruitment. To do this it is important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. The strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.There will be additional challenges when supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and others involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to \u2018do no harm\u2019 and, in fact, \u2018do good\u2019. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, thereby demanding a higher level of coordination among existing and planned programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":364, "Sentence":"This type of exit will often be individual and can take different forms, including voluntary exit or capture.In order to support and strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace type exit often individual take different form including voluntary exit capture.in order support strengthen foundation sustainable peace reintegration ex combatant person formerly associated armed force group supported armed conflict ended ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic and political dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being and mental health of ex-combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. During DDR programmes assistance is often given collectively, to large numbers of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as part of the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). However, when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, reintegration support can still play an important role in sustaining peace. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. This renewed UN policy engagement emerges from the need to address ongoing armed conflicts that are often protracted and complex. In these settings, individuals may exit armed forces and groups during all phases of an armed conflict. This type of exit will often be individual and can take different forms, including voluntary exit or capture.In order to support and strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. Instead, reintegration support should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This support may include the provision of assistance to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.When reintegration support is provided during ongoing conflict, it should aim to strengthen resilience against re-recruitment and also to prevent additional first-time recruitment. To do this it is important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. The strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.There will be additional challenges when supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and others involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to \u2018do no harm\u2019 and, in fact, \u2018do good\u2019. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, thereby demanding a higher level of coordination among existing and planned programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":364, "Sentence":"Instead, reintegration support should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace instead reintegration support considered time even absence ddr programme ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic and political dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being and mental health of ex-combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. During DDR programmes assistance is often given collectively, to large numbers of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as part of the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). However, when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, reintegration support can still play an important role in sustaining peace. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. This renewed UN policy engagement emerges from the need to address ongoing armed conflicts that are often protracted and complex. In these settings, individuals may exit armed forces and groups during all phases of an armed conflict. This type of exit will often be individual and can take different forms, including voluntary exit or capture.In order to support and strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. Instead, reintegration support should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This support may include the provision of assistance to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.When reintegration support is provided during ongoing conflict, it should aim to strengthen resilience against re-recruitment and also to prevent additional first-time recruitment. To do this it is important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. The strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.There will be additional challenges when supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and others involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to \u2018do no harm\u2019 and, in fact, \u2018do good\u2019. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, thereby demanding a higher level of coordination among existing and planned programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":364, "Sentence":"This support may include the provision of assistance to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.When reintegration support is provided during ongoing conflict, it should aim to strengthen resilience against re-recruitment and also to prevent additional first-time recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace support may include provision assistance return peaceful area conflictaffected country return peaceful country origin case foreign fighters.when reintegration support provided ongoing conflict aim strengthen resilience rerecruitment also prevent additional firsttime recruitment ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic and political dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being and mental health of ex-combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. During DDR programmes assistance is often given collectively, to large numbers of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as part of the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). However, when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, reintegration support can still play an important role in sustaining peace. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. This renewed UN policy engagement emerges from the need to address ongoing armed conflicts that are often protracted and complex. In these settings, individuals may exit armed forces and groups during all phases of an armed conflict. This type of exit will often be individual and can take different forms, including voluntary exit or capture.In order to support and strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. Instead, reintegration support should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This support may include the provision of assistance to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.When reintegration support is provided during ongoing conflict, it should aim to strengthen resilience against re-recruitment and also to prevent additional first-time recruitment. To do this it is important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. The strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.There will be additional challenges when supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and others involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to \u2018do no harm\u2019 and, in fact, \u2018do good\u2019. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, thereby demanding a higher level of coordination among existing and planned programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":364, "Sentence":"To do this it is important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace important strengthen still work including residual capacity peace people community draw time conflict ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic and political dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being and mental health of ex-combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. During DDR programmes assistance is often given collectively, to large numbers of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as part of the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). However, when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, reintegration support can still play an important role in sustaining peace. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. This renewed UN policy engagement emerges from the need to address ongoing armed conflicts that are often protracted and complex. In these settings, individuals may exit armed forces and groups during all phases of an armed conflict. This type of exit will often be individual and can take different forms, including voluntary exit or capture.In order to support and strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. Instead, reintegration support should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This support may include the provision of assistance to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.When reintegration support is provided during ongoing conflict, it should aim to strengthen resilience against re-recruitment and also to prevent additional first-time recruitment. To do this it is important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. The strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.There will be additional challenges when supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and others involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to \u2018do no harm\u2019 and, in fact, \u2018do good\u2019. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, thereby demanding a higher level of coordination among existing and planned programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":364, "Sentence":"The strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.There will be additional challenges when supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace strengthening peace capacity based identification reason individual join armed group combatant leave armed group turn away armed violence.there additional challenge supporting reintegration ongoing conflict ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic and political dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being and mental health of ex-combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. During DDR programmes assistance is often given collectively, to large numbers of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as part of the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). However, when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, reintegration support can still play an important role in sustaining peace. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. This renewed UN policy engagement emerges from the need to address ongoing armed conflicts that are often protracted and complex. In these settings, individuals may exit armed forces and groups during all phases of an armed conflict. This type of exit will often be individual and can take different forms, including voluntary exit or capture.In order to support and strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. Instead, reintegration support should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This support may include the provision of assistance to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.When reintegration support is provided during ongoing conflict, it should aim to strengthen resilience against re-recruitment and also to prevent additional first-time recruitment. To do this it is important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. The strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.There will be additional challenges when supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and others involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to \u2018do no harm\u2019 and, in fact, \u2018do good\u2019. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, thereby demanding a higher level of coordination among existing and planned programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":364, "Sentence":"Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace support reintegration part sustaining peace requires analysis intended unintended outcome precipitated engagement dynamic conflictaffected environment ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic and political dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being and mental health of ex-combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. During DDR programmes assistance is often given collectively, to large numbers of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as part of the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). However, when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, reintegration support can still play an important role in sustaining peace. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. This renewed UN policy engagement emerges from the need to address ongoing armed conflicts that are often protracted and complex. In these settings, individuals may exit armed forces and groups during all phases of an armed conflict. This type of exit will often be individual and can take different forms, including voluntary exit or capture.In order to support and strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. Instead, reintegration support should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This support may include the provision of assistance to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.When reintegration support is provided during ongoing conflict, it should aim to strengthen resilience against re-recruitment and also to prevent additional first-time recruitment. To do this it is important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. The strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.There will be additional challenges when supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and others involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to \u2018do no harm\u2019 and, in fact, \u2018do good\u2019. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, thereby demanding a higher level of coordination among existing and planned programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":364, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners and others involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to \u2018do no harm\u2019 and, in fact, \u2018do good\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace ddr practitioner others involved provision reintegration support understand engagement context implication social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive negative \u2013 \u2018 harm \u2019 fact \u2018 good \u2019 ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic and political dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being and mental health of ex-combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. During DDR programmes assistance is often given collectively, to large numbers of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as part of the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). However, when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, reintegration support can still play an important role in sustaining peace. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. This renewed UN policy engagement emerges from the need to address ongoing armed conflicts that are often protracted and complex. In these settings, individuals may exit armed forces and groups during all phases of an armed conflict. This type of exit will often be individual and can take different forms, including voluntary exit or capture.In order to support and strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. Instead, reintegration support should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This support may include the provision of assistance to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.When reintegration support is provided during ongoing conflict, it should aim to strengthen resilience against re-recruitment and also to prevent additional first-time recruitment. To do this it is important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. The strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.There will be additional challenges when supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and others involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to \u2018do no harm\u2019 and, in fact, \u2018do good\u2019. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, thereby demanding a higher level of coordination among existing and planned programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":364, "Sentence":"It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, thereby demanding a higher level of coordination among existing and planned programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace also recognized risk harm greater ongoing conflict context thereby demanding higher level coordination among existing planned programme avoid possibility may negatively affect ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic and political dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being and mental health of ex-combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. During DDR programmes assistance is often given collectively, to large numbers of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as part of the implementation of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). However, when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, reintegration support can still play an important role in sustaining peace. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. This renewed UN policy engagement emerges from the need to address ongoing armed conflicts that are often protracted and complex. In these settings, individuals may exit armed forces and groups during all phases of an armed conflict. This type of exit will often be individual and can take different forms, including voluntary exit or capture.In order to support and strengthen the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. Instead, reintegration support should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This support may include the provision of assistance to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.When reintegration support is provided during ongoing conflict, it should aim to strengthen resilience against re-recruitment and also to prevent additional first-time recruitment. To do this it is important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. The strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.There will be additional challenges when supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and others involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to \u2018do no harm\u2019 and, in fact, \u2018do good\u2019. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, thereby demanding a higher level of coordination among existing and planned programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":364, "Sentence":"In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace order support humanitariandevelopmentpeace nexus reintegration programme coordination extend broader programme actor ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"This module explains the shift introduced by IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR concerning reintegration support to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Reintegration support has long been presented as a component of post-conflict DDR programmes, i.e., DDR programmes supported when the following preconditions are in place: \\n The signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\n Trust in the peace process; \\n Willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\n A minimum guarantee of security.The revised UN Approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide reintegration support even when the above preconditions are not in place. The aim of this support is to assist the sustainable reintegration of those who have left armed forces and groups even before peace agreements are negotiated and signed, responding to opportunities as well as humanitarian, developmental and security imperatives.The objectives of this module are to: \\n Explain the implications of the UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach for reintegration support. \\n Provide policy guidance on how to address reintegration challenges and realize reintegration opportunities across the peace continuum. \\n Consider the general issues concerning reintegration support in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place.DDR practitioners involved in outlining and negotiating the content of reintegration support with Governments and other stakeholders are invited to consult IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration for specific programmatic guidance on the various ways to support reintegration. Options and considerations for reintegration support to specific needs groups can be found in IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR; IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR; and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR. Finally, as reintegration support may involve a broad array of practitioners (including but not limited to \u2018DDR practitioners\u2019), when appropriate, this module refers to DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning, implementation and management of reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":365, "Sentence":"This module explains the shift introduced by IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR concerning reintegration support to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace module explains shift introduced iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr concerning reintegration support excombatants person formerly associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"This module explains the shift introduced by IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR concerning reintegration support to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Reintegration support has long been presented as a component of post-conflict DDR programmes, i.e., DDR programmes supported when the following preconditions are in place: \\n The signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\n Trust in the peace process; \\n Willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\n A minimum guarantee of security.The revised UN Approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide reintegration support even when the above preconditions are not in place. The aim of this support is to assist the sustainable reintegration of those who have left armed forces and groups even before peace agreements are negotiated and signed, responding to opportunities as well as humanitarian, developmental and security imperatives.The objectives of this module are to: \\n Explain the implications of the UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach for reintegration support. \\n Provide policy guidance on how to address reintegration challenges and realize reintegration opportunities across the peace continuum. \\n Consider the general issues concerning reintegration support in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place.DDR practitioners involved in outlining and negotiating the content of reintegration support with Governments and other stakeholders are invited to consult IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration for specific programmatic guidance on the various ways to support reintegration. Options and considerations for reintegration support to specific needs groups can be found in IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR; IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR; and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR. Finally, as reintegration support may involve a broad array of practitioners (including but not limited to \u2018DDR practitioners\u2019), when appropriate, this module refers to DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning, implementation and management of reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":365, "Sentence":"Reintegration support has long been presented as a component of post-conflict DDR programmes, i.e., DDR programmes supported when the following preconditions are in place: \\n The signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\n Trust in the peace process; \\n Willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\n A minimum guarantee of security.The revised UN Approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide reintegration support even when the above preconditions are not in place.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration support long presented component postconflict ddr programme i.e . ddr programme supported following precondition place n signing negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement provides framework ddr n trust peace process n willingness party armed conflict engage ddr n minimum guarantee security.the revised un approach ddr recognizes need provide reintegration support even precondition place ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"This module explains the shift introduced by IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR concerning reintegration support to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Reintegration support has long been presented as a component of post-conflict DDR programmes, i.e., DDR programmes supported when the following preconditions are in place: \\n The signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\n Trust in the peace process; \\n Willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\n A minimum guarantee of security.The revised UN Approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide reintegration support even when the above preconditions are not in place. The aim of this support is to assist the sustainable reintegration of those who have left armed forces and groups even before peace agreements are negotiated and signed, responding to opportunities as well as humanitarian, developmental and security imperatives.The objectives of this module are to: \\n Explain the implications of the UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach for reintegration support. \\n Provide policy guidance on how to address reintegration challenges and realize reintegration opportunities across the peace continuum. \\n Consider the general issues concerning reintegration support in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place.DDR practitioners involved in outlining and negotiating the content of reintegration support with Governments and other stakeholders are invited to consult IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration for specific programmatic guidance on the various ways to support reintegration. Options and considerations for reintegration support to specific needs groups can be found in IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR; IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR; and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR. Finally, as reintegration support may involve a broad array of practitioners (including but not limited to \u2018DDR practitioners\u2019), when appropriate, this module refers to DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning, implementation and management of reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":365, "Sentence":"The aim of this support is to assist the sustainable reintegration of those who have left armed forces and groups even before peace agreements are negotiated and signed, responding to opportunities as well as humanitarian, developmental and security imperatives.The objectives of this module are to: \\n Explain the implications of the UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach for reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace aim support assist sustainable reintegration left armed force group even peace agreement negotiated signed responding opportunity well humanitarian developmental security imperatives.the objective module n explain implication un \u2019 sustaining peace approach reintegration support ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"This module explains the shift introduced by IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR concerning reintegration support to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Reintegration support has long been presented as a component of post-conflict DDR programmes, i.e., DDR programmes supported when the following preconditions are in place: \\n The signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\n Trust in the peace process; \\n Willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\n A minimum guarantee of security.The revised UN Approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide reintegration support even when the above preconditions are not in place. The aim of this support is to assist the sustainable reintegration of those who have left armed forces and groups even before peace agreements are negotiated and signed, responding to opportunities as well as humanitarian, developmental and security imperatives.The objectives of this module are to: \\n Explain the implications of the UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach for reintegration support. \\n Provide policy guidance on how to address reintegration challenges and realize reintegration opportunities across the peace continuum. \\n Consider the general issues concerning reintegration support in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place.DDR practitioners involved in outlining and negotiating the content of reintegration support with Governments and other stakeholders are invited to consult IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration for specific programmatic guidance on the various ways to support reintegration. Options and considerations for reintegration support to specific needs groups can be found in IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR; IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR; and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR. Finally, as reintegration support may involve a broad array of practitioners (including but not limited to \u2018DDR practitioners\u2019), when appropriate, this module refers to DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning, implementation and management of reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":365, "Sentence":"\\n Provide policy guidance on how to address reintegration challenges and realize reintegration opportunities across the peace continuum.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n provide policy guidance address reintegration challenge realize reintegration opportunity across peace continuum ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"This module explains the shift introduced by IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR concerning reintegration support to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Reintegration support has long been presented as a component of post-conflict DDR programmes, i.e., DDR programmes supported when the following preconditions are in place: \\n The signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\n Trust in the peace process; \\n Willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\n A minimum guarantee of security.The revised UN Approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide reintegration support even when the above preconditions are not in place. The aim of this support is to assist the sustainable reintegration of those who have left armed forces and groups even before peace agreements are negotiated and signed, responding to opportunities as well as humanitarian, developmental and security imperatives.The objectives of this module are to: \\n Explain the implications of the UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach for reintegration support. \\n Provide policy guidance on how to address reintegration challenges and realize reintegration opportunities across the peace continuum. \\n Consider the general issues concerning reintegration support in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place.DDR practitioners involved in outlining and negotiating the content of reintegration support with Governments and other stakeholders are invited to consult IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration for specific programmatic guidance on the various ways to support reintegration. Options and considerations for reintegration support to specific needs groups can be found in IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR; IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR; and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR. Finally, as reintegration support may involve a broad array of practitioners (including but not limited to \u2018DDR practitioners\u2019), when appropriate, this module refers to DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning, implementation and management of reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":365, "Sentence":"\\n Consider the general issues concerning reintegration support in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place.DDR practitioners involved in outlining and negotiating the content of reintegration support with Governments and other stakeholders are invited to consult IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration for specific programmatic guidance on the various ways to support reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n consider general issue concerning reintegration support context precondition ddr programme place.ddr practitioner involved outlining negotiating content reintegration support government stakeholder invited consult iddrs 4.30 reintegration specific programmatic guidance various way support reintegration ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"This module explains the shift introduced by IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR concerning reintegration support to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Reintegration support has long been presented as a component of post-conflict DDR programmes, i.e., DDR programmes supported when the following preconditions are in place: \\n The signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\n Trust in the peace process; \\n Willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\n A minimum guarantee of security.The revised UN Approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide reintegration support even when the above preconditions are not in place. The aim of this support is to assist the sustainable reintegration of those who have left armed forces and groups even before peace agreements are negotiated and signed, responding to opportunities as well as humanitarian, developmental and security imperatives.The objectives of this module are to: \\n Explain the implications of the UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach for reintegration support. \\n Provide policy guidance on how to address reintegration challenges and realize reintegration opportunities across the peace continuum. \\n Consider the general issues concerning reintegration support in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place.DDR practitioners involved in outlining and negotiating the content of reintegration support with Governments and other stakeholders are invited to consult IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration for specific programmatic guidance on the various ways to support reintegration. Options and considerations for reintegration support to specific needs groups can be found in IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR; IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR; and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR. Finally, as reintegration support may involve a broad array of practitioners (including but not limited to \u2018DDR practitioners\u2019), when appropriate, this module refers to DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning, implementation and management of reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":365, "Sentence":"Options and considerations for reintegration support to specific needs groups can be found in IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR; IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR; and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace option consideration reintegration support specific need group found iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr iddrs 5.20 child ddr iddrs 5.30 youth ddr ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"This module explains the shift introduced by IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR concerning reintegration support to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Reintegration support has long been presented as a component of post-conflict DDR programmes, i.e., DDR programmes supported when the following preconditions are in place: \\n The signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; \\n Trust in the peace process; \\n Willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and \\n A minimum guarantee of security.The revised UN Approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide reintegration support even when the above preconditions are not in place. The aim of this support is to assist the sustainable reintegration of those who have left armed forces and groups even before peace agreements are negotiated and signed, responding to opportunities as well as humanitarian, developmental and security imperatives.The objectives of this module are to: \\n Explain the implications of the UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach for reintegration support. \\n Provide policy guidance on how to address reintegration challenges and realize reintegration opportunities across the peace continuum. \\n Consider the general issues concerning reintegration support in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place.DDR practitioners involved in outlining and negotiating the content of reintegration support with Governments and other stakeholders are invited to consult IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration for specific programmatic guidance on the various ways to support reintegration. Options and considerations for reintegration support to specific needs groups can be found in IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR; IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR; and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR. Finally, as reintegration support may involve a broad array of practitioners (including but not limited to \u2018DDR practitioners\u2019), when appropriate, this module refers to DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning, implementation and management of reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":365, "Sentence":"Finally, as reintegration support may involve a broad array of practitioners (including but not limited to \u2018DDR practitioners\u2019), when appropriate, this module refers to DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning, implementation and management of reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace finally reintegration support may involve broad array practitioner including limited \u2018 ddr practitioner \u2019 appropriate module refers ddr practitioner others involved planning implementation management reintegration support ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 note on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations (A\/C.5\/59\/31), the third report of the Secretary-General on DDR (A\/65\/741), issued in 2011, includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including psychosocial and psychological support, clinical mental health care and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, the report emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201dSustaining peace approach: UN General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and UN Security Council resolution 2282 on sustaining peace outline a new approach for peacebuilding. These twin resolutions demonstrate the commitment of Member States to strengthening the United Nations\u2019 ability to prevent the \u201coutbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of [violent] conflict\u201d, and \u201caddress the root causes and assist parties to conflict to end hostilities\u201d. Sustaining peace should be understood as encompassing not only efforts to prevent relapse into conflict, but also to prevent lapse into conflict in the first place.Humanitarian-development-peace nexus: Humanitarian, development and peace actions are linked. The nexus approach refers to the aim of strengthening collaboration, coherence and complementarity. The approach seeks to capitalize on the comparative advantages of each sector \u2013 to the extent that they are relevant in a specific context \u2013 in order to reduce overall vulnerability and the number of unmet needs, strengthen risk management capacities and address the root causes of conflict.Resilience: Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound, and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity or risk. For the purposes of the IDDRS, with a particular focus on reintegration processes, it refers to the ability of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced in an armed force or group when coping with the social and environmental pressures typical of conflict and post-conflict settings and beyond. The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well-being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from potentially traumatic events are all factors associated with resilience.Vulnerability: In the IDDRS, vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks. In the context of reintegration, vulnerability therefore refers to those factors that increase the likelihood that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be affected by violence, resort to it, or be drawn into groups that perpetrate it.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":366, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace annex contains list abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 note on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations (A\/C.5\/59\/31), the third report of the Secretary-General on DDR (A\/65\/741), issued in 2011, includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including psychosocial and psychological support, clinical mental health care and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, the report emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201dSustaining peace approach: UN General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and UN Security Council resolution 2282 on sustaining peace outline a new approach for peacebuilding. These twin resolutions demonstrate the commitment of Member States to strengthening the United Nations\u2019 ability to prevent the \u201coutbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of [violent] conflict\u201d, and \u201caddress the root causes and assist parties to conflict to end hostilities\u201d. Sustaining peace should be understood as encompassing not only efforts to prevent relapse into conflict, but also to prevent lapse into conflict in the first place.Humanitarian-development-peace nexus: Humanitarian, development and peace actions are linked. The nexus approach refers to the aim of strengthening collaboration, coherence and complementarity. The approach seeks to capitalize on the comparative advantages of each sector \u2013 to the extent that they are relevant in a specific context \u2013 in order to reduce overall vulnerability and the number of unmet needs, strengthen risk management capacities and address the root causes of conflict.Resilience: Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound, and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity or risk. For the purposes of the IDDRS, with a particular focus on reintegration processes, it refers to the ability of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced in an armed force or group when coping with the social and environmental pressures typical of conflict and post-conflict settings and beyond. The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well-being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from potentially traumatic events are all factors associated with resilience.Vulnerability: In the IDDRS, vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks. In the context of reintegration, vulnerability therefore refers to those factors that increase the likelihood that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be affected by violence, resort to it, or be drawn into groups that perpetrate it.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":366, "Sentence":"A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace complete glossary term definition abbreviation used iddrs series given iddrs 1.20.in iddrs word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 note on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations (A\/C.5\/59\/31), the third report of the Secretary-General on DDR (A\/65\/741), issued in 2011, includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including psychosocial and psychological support, clinical mental health care and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, the report emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201dSustaining peace approach: UN General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and UN Security Council resolution 2282 on sustaining peace outline a new approach for peacebuilding. These twin resolutions demonstrate the commitment of Member States to strengthening the United Nations\u2019 ability to prevent the \u201coutbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of [violent] conflict\u201d, and \u201caddress the root causes and assist parties to conflict to end hostilities\u201d. Sustaining peace should be understood as encompassing not only efforts to prevent relapse into conflict, but also to prevent lapse into conflict in the first place.Humanitarian-development-peace nexus: Humanitarian, development and peace actions are linked. The nexus approach refers to the aim of strengthening collaboration, coherence and complementarity. The approach seeks to capitalize on the comparative advantages of each sector \u2013 to the extent that they are relevant in a specific context \u2013 in order to reduce overall vulnerability and the number of unmet needs, strengthen risk management capacities and address the root causes of conflict.Resilience: Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound, and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity or risk. For the purposes of the IDDRS, with a particular focus on reintegration processes, it refers to the ability of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced in an armed force or group when coping with the social and environmental pressures typical of conflict and post-conflict settings and beyond. The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well-being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from potentially traumatic events are all factors associated with resilience.Vulnerability: In the IDDRS, vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks. In the context of reintegration, vulnerability therefore refers to those factors that increase the likelihood that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be affected by violence, resort to it, or be drawn into groups that perpetrate it.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":366, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace use consistent language used international organization standardization iso standard guideline n \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action n \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability n e \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation.reintegration process excombatants acquire civilian status gain sustainable employment income ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 note on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations (A\/C.5\/59\/31), the third report of the Secretary-General on DDR (A\/65\/741), issued in 2011, includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including psychosocial and psychological support, clinical mental health care and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, the report emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201dSustaining peace approach: UN General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and UN Security Council resolution 2282 on sustaining peace outline a new approach for peacebuilding. These twin resolutions demonstrate the commitment of Member States to strengthening the United Nations\u2019 ability to prevent the \u201coutbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of [violent] conflict\u201d, and \u201caddress the root causes and assist parties to conflict to end hostilities\u201d. Sustaining peace should be understood as encompassing not only efforts to prevent relapse into conflict, but also to prevent lapse into conflict in the first place.Humanitarian-development-peace nexus: Humanitarian, development and peace actions are linked. The nexus approach refers to the aim of strengthening collaboration, coherence and complementarity. The approach seeks to capitalize on the comparative advantages of each sector \u2013 to the extent that they are relevant in a specific context \u2013 in order to reduce overall vulnerability and the number of unmet needs, strengthen risk management capacities and address the root causes of conflict.Resilience: Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound, and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity or risk. For the purposes of the IDDRS, with a particular focus on reintegration processes, it refers to the ability of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced in an armed force or group when coping with the social and environmental pressures typical of conflict and post-conflict settings and beyond. The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well-being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from potentially traumatic events are all factors associated with resilience.Vulnerability: In the IDDRS, vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks. In the context of reintegration, vulnerability therefore refers to those factors that increase the likelihood that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be affected by violence, resort to it, or be drawn into groups that perpetrate it.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":366, "Sentence":"Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration essentially social economic process open time frame primarily taking place community local level ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 note on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations (A\/C.5\/59\/31), the third report of the Secretary-General on DDR (A\/65\/741), issued in 2011, includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including psychosocial and psychological support, clinical mental health care and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, the report emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201dSustaining peace approach: UN General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and UN Security Council resolution 2282 on sustaining peace outline a new approach for peacebuilding. These twin resolutions demonstrate the commitment of Member States to strengthening the United Nations\u2019 ability to prevent the \u201coutbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of [violent] conflict\u201d, and \u201caddress the root causes and assist parties to conflict to end hostilities\u201d. Sustaining peace should be understood as encompassing not only efforts to prevent relapse into conflict, but also to prevent lapse into conflict in the first place.Humanitarian-development-peace nexus: Humanitarian, development and peace actions are linked. The nexus approach refers to the aim of strengthening collaboration, coherence and complementarity. The approach seeks to capitalize on the comparative advantages of each sector \u2013 to the extent that they are relevant in a specific context \u2013 in order to reduce overall vulnerability and the number of unmet needs, strengthen risk management capacities and address the root causes of conflict.Resilience: Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound, and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity or risk. For the purposes of the IDDRS, with a particular focus on reintegration processes, it refers to the ability of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced in an armed force or group when coping with the social and environmental pressures typical of conflict and post-conflict settings and beyond. The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well-being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from potentially traumatic events are all factors associated with resilience.Vulnerability: In the IDDRS, vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks. In the context of reintegration, vulnerability therefore refers to those factors that increase the likelihood that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be affected by violence, resort to it, or be drawn into groups that perpetrate it.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":366, "Sentence":"It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 note on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations (A\/C.5\/59\/31), the third report of the Secretary-General on DDR (A\/65\/741), issued in 2011, includes revised policy and guidance.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace part general development country national responsibility often necessitates longterm external assistance.nrecognizing new development reintegration excombatants associated group since release 2005 note administrative budgetary aspect financing un peacekeeping operation a\/c.5\/59\/31 third report secretarygeneral ddr a\/65\/741 issued 2011 includes revised policy guidance ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 note on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations (A\/C.5\/59\/31), the third report of the Secretary-General on DDR (A\/65\/741), issued in 2011, includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including psychosocial and psychological support, clinical mental health care and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, the report emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201dSustaining peace approach: UN General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and UN Security Council resolution 2282 on sustaining peace outline a new approach for peacebuilding. These twin resolutions demonstrate the commitment of Member States to strengthening the United Nations\u2019 ability to prevent the \u201coutbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of [violent] conflict\u201d, and \u201caddress the root causes and assist parties to conflict to end hostilities\u201d. Sustaining peace should be understood as encompassing not only efforts to prevent relapse into conflict, but also to prevent lapse into conflict in the first place.Humanitarian-development-peace nexus: Humanitarian, development and peace actions are linked. The nexus approach refers to the aim of strengthening collaboration, coherence and complementarity. The approach seeks to capitalize on the comparative advantages of each sector \u2013 to the extent that they are relevant in a specific context \u2013 in order to reduce overall vulnerability and the number of unmet needs, strengthen risk management capacities and address the root causes of conflict.Resilience: Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound, and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity or risk. For the purposes of the IDDRS, with a particular focus on reintegration processes, it refers to the ability of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced in an armed force or group when coping with the social and environmental pressures typical of conflict and post-conflict settings and beyond. The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well-being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from potentially traumatic events are all factors associated with resilience.Vulnerability: In the IDDRS, vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks. In the context of reintegration, vulnerability therefore refers to those factors that increase the likelihood that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be affected by violence, resort to it, or be drawn into groups that perpetrate it.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":366, "Sentence":"It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace observes \u201c country economic aspect central sufficient sustainable reintegration excombatants ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 note on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations (A\/C.5\/59\/31), the third report of the Secretary-General on DDR (A\/65\/741), issued in 2011, includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including psychosocial and psychological support, clinical mental health care and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, the report emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201dSustaining peace approach: UN General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and UN Security Council resolution 2282 on sustaining peace outline a new approach for peacebuilding. These twin resolutions demonstrate the commitment of Member States to strengthening the United Nations\u2019 ability to prevent the \u201coutbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of [violent] conflict\u201d, and \u201caddress the root causes and assist parties to conflict to end hostilities\u201d. Sustaining peace should be understood as encompassing not only efforts to prevent relapse into conflict, but also to prevent lapse into conflict in the first place.Humanitarian-development-peace nexus: Humanitarian, development and peace actions are linked. The nexus approach refers to the aim of strengthening collaboration, coherence and complementarity. The approach seeks to capitalize on the comparative advantages of each sector \u2013 to the extent that they are relevant in a specific context \u2013 in order to reduce overall vulnerability and the number of unmet needs, strengthen risk management capacities and address the root causes of conflict.Resilience: Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound, and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity or risk. For the purposes of the IDDRS, with a particular focus on reintegration processes, it refers to the ability of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced in an armed force or group when coping with the social and environmental pressures typical of conflict and post-conflict settings and beyond. The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well-being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from potentially traumatic events are all factors associated with resilience.Vulnerability: In the IDDRS, vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks. In the context of reintegration, vulnerability therefore refers to those factors that increase the likelihood that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be affected by violence, resort to it, or be drawn into groups that perpetrate it.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":366, "Sentence":"Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including psychosocial and psychological support, clinical mental health care and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice and participation in political processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace serious consideration social political aspect reintegration\u2026is also crucial sustainability success reintegration programme \u201d including psychosocial psychological support clinical mental health care medical health support well reconciliation access justice\/transitional justice participation political process ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 note on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations (A\/C.5\/59\/31), the third report of the Secretary-General on DDR (A\/65\/741), issued in 2011, includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including psychosocial and psychological support, clinical mental health care and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, the report emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201dSustaining peace approach: UN General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and UN Security Council resolution 2282 on sustaining peace outline a new approach for peacebuilding. These twin resolutions demonstrate the commitment of Member States to strengthening the United Nations\u2019 ability to prevent the \u201coutbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of [violent] conflict\u201d, and \u201caddress the root causes and assist parties to conflict to end hostilities\u201d. Sustaining peace should be understood as encompassing not only efforts to prevent relapse into conflict, but also to prevent lapse into conflict in the first place.Humanitarian-development-peace nexus: Humanitarian, development and peace actions are linked. The nexus approach refers to the aim of strengthening collaboration, coherence and complementarity. The approach seeks to capitalize on the comparative advantages of each sector \u2013 to the extent that they are relevant in a specific context \u2013 in order to reduce overall vulnerability and the number of unmet needs, strengthen risk management capacities and address the root causes of conflict.Resilience: Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound, and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity or risk. For the purposes of the IDDRS, with a particular focus on reintegration processes, it refers to the ability of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced in an armed force or group when coping with the social and environmental pressures typical of conflict and post-conflict settings and beyond. The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well-being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from potentially traumatic events are all factors associated with resilience.Vulnerability: In the IDDRS, vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks. In the context of reintegration, vulnerability therefore refers to those factors that increase the likelihood that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be affected by violence, resort to it, or be drawn into groups that perpetrate it.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":366, "Sentence":"Additionally, the report emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201dSustaining peace approach: UN General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and UN Security Council resolution 2282 on sustaining peace outline a new approach for peacebuilding.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace additionally report emphasizes \u201c reintegration programme supported united nation timebound nature\u2026the reintegration excombatants associated group longterm process take place individual community national regional level dependent upon wider recovery development. \u201d sustaining peace approach un general assembly resolution 70\/262 un security council resolution 2282 sustaining peace outline new approach peacebuilding ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 note on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations (A\/C.5\/59\/31), the third report of the Secretary-General on DDR (A\/65\/741), issued in 2011, includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including psychosocial and psychological support, clinical mental health care and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, the report emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201dSustaining peace approach: UN General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and UN Security Council resolution 2282 on sustaining peace outline a new approach for peacebuilding. These twin resolutions demonstrate the commitment of Member States to strengthening the United Nations\u2019 ability to prevent the \u201coutbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of [violent] conflict\u201d, and \u201caddress the root causes and assist parties to conflict to end hostilities\u201d. Sustaining peace should be understood as encompassing not only efforts to prevent relapse into conflict, but also to prevent lapse into conflict in the first place.Humanitarian-development-peace nexus: Humanitarian, development and peace actions are linked. The nexus approach refers to the aim of strengthening collaboration, coherence and complementarity. The approach seeks to capitalize on the comparative advantages of each sector \u2013 to the extent that they are relevant in a specific context \u2013 in order to reduce overall vulnerability and the number of unmet needs, strengthen risk management capacities and address the root causes of conflict.Resilience: Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound, and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity or risk. For the purposes of the IDDRS, with a particular focus on reintegration processes, it refers to the ability of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced in an armed force or group when coping with the social and environmental pressures typical of conflict and post-conflict settings and beyond. The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well-being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from potentially traumatic events are all factors associated with resilience.Vulnerability: In the IDDRS, vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks. In the context of reintegration, vulnerability therefore refers to those factors that increase the likelihood that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be affected by violence, resort to it, or be drawn into groups that perpetrate it.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":366, "Sentence":"These twin resolutions demonstrate the commitment of Member States to strengthening the United Nations\u2019 ability to prevent the \u201coutbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of [violent] conflict\u201d, and \u201caddress the root causes and assist parties to conflict to end hostilities\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace twin resolution demonstrate commitment member state strengthening united nation \u2019 ability prevent \u201c outbreak escalation continuation recurrence violent conflict \u201d \u201c address root cause assist party conflict end hostility \u201d ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 note on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations (A\/C.5\/59\/31), the third report of the Secretary-General on DDR (A\/65\/741), issued in 2011, includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including psychosocial and psychological support, clinical mental health care and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, the report emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201dSustaining peace approach: UN General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and UN Security Council resolution 2282 on sustaining peace outline a new approach for peacebuilding. These twin resolutions demonstrate the commitment of Member States to strengthening the United Nations\u2019 ability to prevent the \u201coutbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of [violent] conflict\u201d, and \u201caddress the root causes and assist parties to conflict to end hostilities\u201d. Sustaining peace should be understood as encompassing not only efforts to prevent relapse into conflict, but also to prevent lapse into conflict in the first place.Humanitarian-development-peace nexus: Humanitarian, development and peace actions are linked. The nexus approach refers to the aim of strengthening collaboration, coherence and complementarity. The approach seeks to capitalize on the comparative advantages of each sector \u2013 to the extent that they are relevant in a specific context \u2013 in order to reduce overall vulnerability and the number of unmet needs, strengthen risk management capacities and address the root causes of conflict.Resilience: Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound, and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity or risk. For the purposes of the IDDRS, with a particular focus on reintegration processes, it refers to the ability of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced in an armed force or group when coping with the social and environmental pressures typical of conflict and post-conflict settings and beyond. The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well-being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from potentially traumatic events are all factors associated with resilience.Vulnerability: In the IDDRS, vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks. In the context of reintegration, vulnerability therefore refers to those factors that increase the likelihood that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be affected by violence, resort to it, or be drawn into groups that perpetrate it.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":366, "Sentence":"Sustaining peace should be understood as encompassing not only efforts to prevent relapse into conflict, but also to prevent lapse into conflict in the first place.Humanitarian-development-peace nexus: Humanitarian, development and peace actions are linked.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace sustaining peace understood encompassing effort prevent relapse conflict also prevent lapse conflict first place.humanitariandevelopmentpeace nexus humanitarian development peace action linked ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 note on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations (A\/C.5\/59\/31), the third report of the Secretary-General on DDR (A\/65\/741), issued in 2011, includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including psychosocial and psychological support, clinical mental health care and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, the report emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201dSustaining peace approach: UN General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and UN Security Council resolution 2282 on sustaining peace outline a new approach for peacebuilding. These twin resolutions demonstrate the commitment of Member States to strengthening the United Nations\u2019 ability to prevent the \u201coutbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of [violent] conflict\u201d, and \u201caddress the root causes and assist parties to conflict to end hostilities\u201d. Sustaining peace should be understood as encompassing not only efforts to prevent relapse into conflict, but also to prevent lapse into conflict in the first place.Humanitarian-development-peace nexus: Humanitarian, development and peace actions are linked. The nexus approach refers to the aim of strengthening collaboration, coherence and complementarity. The approach seeks to capitalize on the comparative advantages of each sector \u2013 to the extent that they are relevant in a specific context \u2013 in order to reduce overall vulnerability and the number of unmet needs, strengthen risk management capacities and address the root causes of conflict.Resilience: Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound, and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity or risk. For the purposes of the IDDRS, with a particular focus on reintegration processes, it refers to the ability of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced in an armed force or group when coping with the social and environmental pressures typical of conflict and post-conflict settings and beyond. The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well-being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from potentially traumatic events are all factors associated with resilience.Vulnerability: In the IDDRS, vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks. In the context of reintegration, vulnerability therefore refers to those factors that increase the likelihood that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be affected by violence, resort to it, or be drawn into groups that perpetrate it.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":366, "Sentence":"The nexus approach refers to the aim of strengthening collaboration, coherence and complementarity.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace nexus approach refers aim strengthening collaboration coherence complementarity ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 note on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations (A\/C.5\/59\/31), the third report of the Secretary-General on DDR (A\/65\/741), issued in 2011, includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including psychosocial and psychological support, clinical mental health care and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, the report emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201dSustaining peace approach: UN General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and UN Security Council resolution 2282 on sustaining peace outline a new approach for peacebuilding. These twin resolutions demonstrate the commitment of Member States to strengthening the United Nations\u2019 ability to prevent the \u201coutbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of [violent] conflict\u201d, and \u201caddress the root causes and assist parties to conflict to end hostilities\u201d. Sustaining peace should be understood as encompassing not only efforts to prevent relapse into conflict, but also to prevent lapse into conflict in the first place.Humanitarian-development-peace nexus: Humanitarian, development and peace actions are linked. The nexus approach refers to the aim of strengthening collaboration, coherence and complementarity. The approach seeks to capitalize on the comparative advantages of each sector \u2013 to the extent that they are relevant in a specific context \u2013 in order to reduce overall vulnerability and the number of unmet needs, strengthen risk management capacities and address the root causes of conflict.Resilience: Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound, and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity or risk. For the purposes of the IDDRS, with a particular focus on reintegration processes, it refers to the ability of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced in an armed force or group when coping with the social and environmental pressures typical of conflict and post-conflict settings and beyond. The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well-being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from potentially traumatic events are all factors associated with resilience.Vulnerability: In the IDDRS, vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks. In the context of reintegration, vulnerability therefore refers to those factors that increase the likelihood that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be affected by violence, resort to it, or be drawn into groups that perpetrate it.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":366, "Sentence":"The approach seeks to capitalize on the comparative advantages of each sector \u2013 to the extent that they are relevant in a specific context \u2013 in order to reduce overall vulnerability and the number of unmet needs, strengthen risk management capacities and address the root causes of conflict.Resilience: Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound, and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity or risk.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace approach seek capitalize comparative advantage sector \u2013 extent relevant specific context \u2013 order reduce overall vulnerability number unmet need strengthen risk management capacity address root cause conflict.resilience resilience refers ability adapt rebound strengthen functioning face violence extreme adversity risk ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 note on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations (A\/C.5\/59\/31), the third report of the Secretary-General on DDR (A\/65\/741), issued in 2011, includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including psychosocial and psychological support, clinical mental health care and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, the report emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201dSustaining peace approach: UN General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and UN Security Council resolution 2282 on sustaining peace outline a new approach for peacebuilding. These twin resolutions demonstrate the commitment of Member States to strengthening the United Nations\u2019 ability to prevent the \u201coutbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of [violent] conflict\u201d, and \u201caddress the root causes and assist parties to conflict to end hostilities\u201d. Sustaining peace should be understood as encompassing not only efforts to prevent relapse into conflict, but also to prevent lapse into conflict in the first place.Humanitarian-development-peace nexus: Humanitarian, development and peace actions are linked. The nexus approach refers to the aim of strengthening collaboration, coherence and complementarity. The approach seeks to capitalize on the comparative advantages of each sector \u2013 to the extent that they are relevant in a specific context \u2013 in order to reduce overall vulnerability and the number of unmet needs, strengthen risk management capacities and address the root causes of conflict.Resilience: Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound, and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity or risk. For the purposes of the IDDRS, with a particular focus on reintegration processes, it refers to the ability of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced in an armed force or group when coping with the social and environmental pressures typical of conflict and post-conflict settings and beyond. The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well-being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from potentially traumatic events are all factors associated with resilience.Vulnerability: In the IDDRS, vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks. In the context of reintegration, vulnerability therefore refers to those factors that increase the likelihood that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be affected by violence, resort to it, or be drawn into groups that perpetrate it.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":366, "Sentence":"For the purposes of the IDDRS, with a particular focus on reintegration processes, it refers to the ability of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced in an armed force or group when coping with the social and environmental pressures typical of conflict and post-conflict settings and beyond.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace purpose iddrs particular focus reintegration process refers ability excombatants person formerly associated armed force group withstand resist overcome violence potentially traumatic event experienced armed force group coping social environmental pressure typical conflict postconflict setting beyond ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 note on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations (A\/C.5\/59\/31), the third report of the Secretary-General on DDR (A\/65\/741), issued in 2011, includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including psychosocial and psychological support, clinical mental health care and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, the report emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201dSustaining peace approach: UN General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and UN Security Council resolution 2282 on sustaining peace outline a new approach for peacebuilding. These twin resolutions demonstrate the commitment of Member States to strengthening the United Nations\u2019 ability to prevent the \u201coutbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of [violent] conflict\u201d, and \u201caddress the root causes and assist parties to conflict to end hostilities\u201d. Sustaining peace should be understood as encompassing not only efforts to prevent relapse into conflict, but also to prevent lapse into conflict in the first place.Humanitarian-development-peace nexus: Humanitarian, development and peace actions are linked. The nexus approach refers to the aim of strengthening collaboration, coherence and complementarity. The approach seeks to capitalize on the comparative advantages of each sector \u2013 to the extent that they are relevant in a specific context \u2013 in order to reduce overall vulnerability and the number of unmet needs, strengthen risk management capacities and address the root causes of conflict.Resilience: Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound, and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity or risk. For the purposes of the IDDRS, with a particular focus on reintegration processes, it refers to the ability of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced in an armed force or group when coping with the social and environmental pressures typical of conflict and post-conflict settings and beyond. The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well-being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from potentially traumatic events are all factors associated with resilience.Vulnerability: In the IDDRS, vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks. In the context of reintegration, vulnerability therefore refers to those factors that increase the likelihood that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be affected by violence, resort to it, or be drawn into groups that perpetrate it.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":366, "Sentence":"The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well-being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from potentially traumatic events are all factors associated with resilience.Vulnerability: In the IDDRS, vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace acquisition social skill emotional development academic achievement psychological wellbeing selfesteem coping mechanism attitude faced stress recovery potentially traumatic event factor associated resilience.vulnerability iddrs vulnerability result exposure risk factor underlying socioeconomic process reduce capacity population cope risk ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\\nRecognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 note on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations (A\/C.5\/59\/31), the third report of the Secretary-General on DDR (A\/65\/741), issued in 2011, includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes\u201d, including psychosocial and psychological support, clinical mental health care and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice and participation in political processes. Additionally, the report emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the individual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201dSustaining peace approach: UN General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and UN Security Council resolution 2282 on sustaining peace outline a new approach for peacebuilding. These twin resolutions demonstrate the commitment of Member States to strengthening the United Nations\u2019 ability to prevent the \u201coutbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of [violent] conflict\u201d, and \u201caddress the root causes and assist parties to conflict to end hostilities\u201d. Sustaining peace should be understood as encompassing not only efforts to prevent relapse into conflict, but also to prevent lapse into conflict in the first place.Humanitarian-development-peace nexus: Humanitarian, development and peace actions are linked. The nexus approach refers to the aim of strengthening collaboration, coherence and complementarity. The approach seeks to capitalize on the comparative advantages of each sector \u2013 to the extent that they are relevant in a specific context \u2013 in order to reduce overall vulnerability and the number of unmet needs, strengthen risk management capacities and address the root causes of conflict.Resilience: Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound, and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity or risk. For the purposes of the IDDRS, with a particular focus on reintegration processes, it refers to the ability of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced in an armed force or group when coping with the social and environmental pressures typical of conflict and post-conflict settings and beyond. The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well-being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from potentially traumatic events are all factors associated with resilience.Vulnerability: In the IDDRS, vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks. In the context of reintegration, vulnerability therefore refers to those factors that increase the likelihood that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be affected by violence, resort to it, or be drawn into groups that perpetrate it.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":366, "Sentence":"In the context of reintegration, vulnerability therefore refers to those factors that increase the likelihood that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be affected by violence, resort to it, or be drawn into groups that perpetrate it.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace context reintegration vulnerability therefore refers factor increase likelihood ex combatant person formerly associated armed force group affected violence resort drawn group perpetrate ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to reintegration:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":367, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to reintegration:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":367, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to reintegration:", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace section outline principle apply reintegration" }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Participation in a reintegration programme as part of a DDR process shall be voluntary.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":368, "Sentence":"Participation in a reintegration programme as part of a DDR process shall be voluntary.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace participation reintegration programme part ddr process shall voluntary ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"3.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"When there is a DDR programme, eligibility shall be defined within a national DDR programme document. Different groups of those eligible will participate in each component of the DDR programme: combatants and persons associated with armed groups carrying weapons and ammunition shall participate in disarmament. In addition to these groups, all other unarmed individuals considered members of an armed force or group shall participate in demobilization. Reintegration support should be provided not only to ex-combatants, but also to persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, including women and children among these categories, and, where appropriate, dependants and host community members. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not present, or when combatants are ineligible to participate in DDR programmes, eligibility for reintegration support shall be decided by relevant national and local authorities, with support, where appropriate, from relevant UN mission entities as well as UN agencies, programmes and funds. Eligibility for reintegration support in such cases should also take into account ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, including women, and, where appropriate, dependants and host community members. Children associated or formerly associated with armed groups should always be encouraged to participate in DDR processes with no eligibility limitations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":369, "Sentence":"When there is a DDR programme, eligibility shall be defined within a national DDR programme document.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace ddr programme eligibility shall defined within national ddr programme document ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"3.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"When there is a DDR programme, eligibility shall be defined within a national DDR programme document. Different groups of those eligible will participate in each component of the DDR programme: combatants and persons associated with armed groups carrying weapons and ammunition shall participate in disarmament. In addition to these groups, all other unarmed individuals considered members of an armed force or group shall participate in demobilization. Reintegration support should be provided not only to ex-combatants, but also to persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, including women and children among these categories, and, where appropriate, dependants and host community members. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not present, or when combatants are ineligible to participate in DDR programmes, eligibility for reintegration support shall be decided by relevant national and local authorities, with support, where appropriate, from relevant UN mission entities as well as UN agencies, programmes and funds. Eligibility for reintegration support in such cases should also take into account ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, including women, and, where appropriate, dependants and host community members. Children associated or formerly associated with armed groups should always be encouraged to participate in DDR processes with no eligibility limitations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":369, "Sentence":"Different groups of those eligible will participate in each component of the DDR programme: combatants and persons associated with armed groups carrying weapons and ammunition shall participate in disarmament.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace different group eligible participate component ddr programme combatant person associated armed group carrying weapon ammunition shall participate disarmament ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"3.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"When there is a DDR programme, eligibility shall be defined within a national DDR programme document. Different groups of those eligible will participate in each component of the DDR programme: combatants and persons associated with armed groups carrying weapons and ammunition shall participate in disarmament. In addition to these groups, all other unarmed individuals considered members of an armed force or group shall participate in demobilization. Reintegration support should be provided not only to ex-combatants, but also to persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, including women and children among these categories, and, where appropriate, dependants and host community members. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not present, or when combatants are ineligible to participate in DDR programmes, eligibility for reintegration support shall be decided by relevant national and local authorities, with support, where appropriate, from relevant UN mission entities as well as UN agencies, programmes and funds. Eligibility for reintegration support in such cases should also take into account ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, including women, and, where appropriate, dependants and host community members. Children associated or formerly associated with armed groups should always be encouraged to participate in DDR processes with no eligibility limitations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":369, "Sentence":"In addition to these groups, all other unarmed individuals considered members of an armed force or group shall participate in demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace addition group unarmed individual considered member armed force group shall participate demobilization ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"3.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"When there is a DDR programme, eligibility shall be defined within a national DDR programme document. Different groups of those eligible will participate in each component of the DDR programme: combatants and persons associated with armed groups carrying weapons and ammunition shall participate in disarmament. In addition to these groups, all other unarmed individuals considered members of an armed force or group shall participate in demobilization. Reintegration support should be provided not only to ex-combatants, but also to persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, including women and children among these categories, and, where appropriate, dependants and host community members. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not present, or when combatants are ineligible to participate in DDR programmes, eligibility for reintegration support shall be decided by relevant national and local authorities, with support, where appropriate, from relevant UN mission entities as well as UN agencies, programmes and funds. Eligibility for reintegration support in such cases should also take into account ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, including women, and, where appropriate, dependants and host community members. Children associated or formerly associated with armed groups should always be encouraged to participate in DDR processes with no eligibility limitations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":369, "Sentence":"Reintegration support should be provided not only to ex-combatants, but also to persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, including women and children among these categories, and, where appropriate, dependants and host community members.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration support provided excombatants also person formerly associated armed force group including woman child among category appropriate dependant host community member ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"3.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"When there is a DDR programme, eligibility shall be defined within a national DDR programme document. Different groups of those eligible will participate in each component of the DDR programme: combatants and persons associated with armed groups carrying weapons and ammunition shall participate in disarmament. In addition to these groups, all other unarmed individuals considered members of an armed force or group shall participate in demobilization. Reintegration support should be provided not only to ex-combatants, but also to persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, including women and children among these categories, and, where appropriate, dependants and host community members. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not present, or when combatants are ineligible to participate in DDR programmes, eligibility for reintegration support shall be decided by relevant national and local authorities, with support, where appropriate, from relevant UN mission entities as well as UN agencies, programmes and funds. Eligibility for reintegration support in such cases should also take into account ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, including women, and, where appropriate, dependants and host community members. Children associated or formerly associated with armed groups should always be encouraged to participate in DDR processes with no eligibility limitations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":369, "Sentence":"When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not present, or when combatants are ineligible to participate in DDR programmes, eligibility for reintegration support shall be decided by relevant national and local authorities, with support, where appropriate, from relevant UN mission entities as well as UN agencies, programmes and funds.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace precondition ddr programme present combatant ineligible participate ddr programme eligibility reintegration support shall decided relevant national local authority support appropriate relevant un mission entity well un agency programme fund ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"3.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"When there is a DDR programme, eligibility shall be defined within a national DDR programme document. Different groups of those eligible will participate in each component of the DDR programme: combatants and persons associated with armed groups carrying weapons and ammunition shall participate in disarmament. In addition to these groups, all other unarmed individuals considered members of an armed force or group shall participate in demobilization. Reintegration support should be provided not only to ex-combatants, but also to persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, including women and children among these categories, and, where appropriate, dependants and host community members. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not present, or when combatants are ineligible to participate in DDR programmes, eligibility for reintegration support shall be decided by relevant national and local authorities, with support, where appropriate, from relevant UN mission entities as well as UN agencies, programmes and funds. Eligibility for reintegration support in such cases should also take into account ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, including women, and, where appropriate, dependants and host community members. Children associated or formerly associated with armed groups should always be encouraged to participate in DDR processes with no eligibility limitations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":369, "Sentence":"Eligibility for reintegration support in such cases should also take into account ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, including women, and, where appropriate, dependants and host community members.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace eligibility reintegration support case also take account excombatants person formerly associated armed force group including woman appropriate dependant host community member ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"3.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"When there is a DDR programme, eligibility shall be defined within a national DDR programme document. Different groups of those eligible will participate in each component of the DDR programme: combatants and persons associated with armed groups carrying weapons and ammunition shall participate in disarmament. In addition to these groups, all other unarmed individuals considered members of an armed force or group shall participate in demobilization. Reintegration support should be provided not only to ex-combatants, but also to persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, including women and children among these categories, and, where appropriate, dependants and host community members. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not present, or when combatants are ineligible to participate in DDR programmes, eligibility for reintegration support shall be decided by relevant national and local authorities, with support, where appropriate, from relevant UN mission entities as well as UN agencies, programmes and funds. Eligibility for reintegration support in such cases should also take into account ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, including women, and, where appropriate, dependants and host community members. Children associated or formerly associated with armed groups should always be encouraged to participate in DDR processes with no eligibility limitations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":369, "Sentence":"Children associated or formerly associated with armed groups should always be encouraged to participate in DDR processes with no eligibility limitations.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace child associated formerly associated armed group always encouraged participate ddr process eligibility limitation ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Children who were recruited by armed groups may have experienced significant harm and have specific needs. Furthermore, children who joined or supported armed forces or groups may have done so under duress, coercion or manipulation. For many children and youth who have been associated with armed forces or groups, the focus should be on reintegration and highlighting their self-worth and their ability to contribute to society, as well as offering alternatives to participation in armed groups in the form of training and education. At the same time, opportunities should be provided to other children and youth in the area, so as not to create tension or stigma. The following principles regarding reintegration support to children and youth apply: \\n Children shall be treated as children and, if they have been associated with armed forces or groups, as survivors of violations of their rights. They shall always be referred to as children. \\n In any decision that affects children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. International legal standards pertaining to children shall be applied. \\n States shall engage children\u2019s families to support rehabilitation and reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":370, "Sentence":"Children who were recruited by armed groups may have experienced significant harm and have specific needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace child recruited armed group may experienced significant harm specific need ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Children who were recruited by armed groups may have experienced significant harm and have specific needs. Furthermore, children who joined or supported armed forces or groups may have done so under duress, coercion or manipulation. For many children and youth who have been associated with armed forces or groups, the focus should be on reintegration and highlighting their self-worth and their ability to contribute to society, as well as offering alternatives to participation in armed groups in the form of training and education. At the same time, opportunities should be provided to other children and youth in the area, so as not to create tension or stigma. The following principles regarding reintegration support to children and youth apply: \\n Children shall be treated as children and, if they have been associated with armed forces or groups, as survivors of violations of their rights. They shall always be referred to as children. \\n In any decision that affects children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. International legal standards pertaining to children shall be applied. \\n States shall engage children\u2019s families to support rehabilitation and reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":370, "Sentence":"Furthermore, children who joined or supported armed forces or groups may have done so under duress, coercion or manipulation.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace furthermore child joined supported armed force group may done duress coercion manipulation ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Children who were recruited by armed groups may have experienced significant harm and have specific needs. Furthermore, children who joined or supported armed forces or groups may have done so under duress, coercion or manipulation. For many children and youth who have been associated with armed forces or groups, the focus should be on reintegration and highlighting their self-worth and their ability to contribute to society, as well as offering alternatives to participation in armed groups in the form of training and education. At the same time, opportunities should be provided to other children and youth in the area, so as not to create tension or stigma. The following principles regarding reintegration support to children and youth apply: \\n Children shall be treated as children and, if they have been associated with armed forces or groups, as survivors of violations of their rights. They shall always be referred to as children. \\n In any decision that affects children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. International legal standards pertaining to children shall be applied. \\n States shall engage children\u2019s families to support rehabilitation and reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":370, "Sentence":"For many children and youth who have been associated with armed forces or groups, the focus should be on reintegration and highlighting their self-worth and their ability to contribute to society, as well as offering alternatives to participation in armed groups in the form of training and education.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace many child youth associated armed force group focus reintegration highlighting selfworth ability contribute society well offering alternative participation armed group form training education ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Children who were recruited by armed groups may have experienced significant harm and have specific needs. Furthermore, children who joined or supported armed forces or groups may have done so under duress, coercion or manipulation. For many children and youth who have been associated with armed forces or groups, the focus should be on reintegration and highlighting their self-worth and their ability to contribute to society, as well as offering alternatives to participation in armed groups in the form of training and education. At the same time, opportunities should be provided to other children and youth in the area, so as not to create tension or stigma. The following principles regarding reintegration support to children and youth apply: \\n Children shall be treated as children and, if they have been associated with armed forces or groups, as survivors of violations of their rights. They shall always be referred to as children. \\n In any decision that affects children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. International legal standards pertaining to children shall be applied. \\n States shall engage children\u2019s families to support rehabilitation and reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":370, "Sentence":"At the same time, opportunities should be provided to other children and youth in the area, so as not to create tension or stigma.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace time opportunity provided child youth area create tension stigma ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Children who were recruited by armed groups may have experienced significant harm and have specific needs. Furthermore, children who joined or supported armed forces or groups may have done so under duress, coercion or manipulation. For many children and youth who have been associated with armed forces or groups, the focus should be on reintegration and highlighting their self-worth and their ability to contribute to society, as well as offering alternatives to participation in armed groups in the form of training and education. At the same time, opportunities should be provided to other children and youth in the area, so as not to create tension or stigma. The following principles regarding reintegration support to children and youth apply: \\n Children shall be treated as children and, if they have been associated with armed forces or groups, as survivors of violations of their rights. They shall always be referred to as children. \\n In any decision that affects children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. International legal standards pertaining to children shall be applied. \\n States shall engage children\u2019s families to support rehabilitation and reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":370, "Sentence":"The following principles regarding reintegration support to children and youth apply: \\n Children shall be treated as children and, if they have been associated with armed forces or groups, as survivors of violations of their rights.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace following principle regarding reintegration support child youth apply n child shall treated child associated armed force group survivor violation right ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Children who were recruited by armed groups may have experienced significant harm and have specific needs. Furthermore, children who joined or supported armed forces or groups may have done so under duress, coercion or manipulation. For many children and youth who have been associated with armed forces or groups, the focus should be on reintegration and highlighting their self-worth and their ability to contribute to society, as well as offering alternatives to participation in armed groups in the form of training and education. At the same time, opportunities should be provided to other children and youth in the area, so as not to create tension or stigma. The following principles regarding reintegration support to children and youth apply: \\n Children shall be treated as children and, if they have been associated with armed forces or groups, as survivors of violations of their rights. They shall always be referred to as children. \\n In any decision that affects children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. International legal standards pertaining to children shall be applied. \\n States shall engage children\u2019s families to support rehabilitation and reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":370, "Sentence":"They shall always be referred to as children.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace shall always referred child ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Children who were recruited by armed groups may have experienced significant harm and have specific needs. Furthermore, children who joined or supported armed forces or groups may have done so under duress, coercion or manipulation. For many children and youth who have been associated with armed forces or groups, the focus should be on reintegration and highlighting their self-worth and their ability to contribute to society, as well as offering alternatives to participation in armed groups in the form of training and education. At the same time, opportunities should be provided to other children and youth in the area, so as not to create tension or stigma. The following principles regarding reintegration support to children and youth apply: \\n Children shall be treated as children and, if they have been associated with armed forces or groups, as survivors of violations of their rights. They shall always be referred to as children. \\n In any decision that affects children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. International legal standards pertaining to children shall be applied. \\n States shall engage children\u2019s families to support rehabilitation and reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":370, "Sentence":"\\n In any decision that affects children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n decision affect child best interest child shall primary consideration ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Children who were recruited by armed groups may have experienced significant harm and have specific needs. Furthermore, children who joined or supported armed forces or groups may have done so under duress, coercion or manipulation. For many children and youth who have been associated with armed forces or groups, the focus should be on reintegration and highlighting their self-worth and their ability to contribute to society, as well as offering alternatives to participation in armed groups in the form of training and education. At the same time, opportunities should be provided to other children and youth in the area, so as not to create tension or stigma. The following principles regarding reintegration support to children and youth apply: \\n Children shall be treated as children and, if they have been associated with armed forces or groups, as survivors of violations of their rights. They shall always be referred to as children. \\n In any decision that affects children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. International legal standards pertaining to children shall be applied. \\n States shall engage children\u2019s families to support rehabilitation and reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":370, "Sentence":"International legal standards pertaining to children shall be applied.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace international legal standard pertaining child shall applied ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Children who were recruited by armed groups may have experienced significant harm and have specific needs. Furthermore, children who joined or supported armed forces or groups may have done so under duress, coercion or manipulation. For many children and youth who have been associated with armed forces or groups, the focus should be on reintegration and highlighting their self-worth and their ability to contribute to society, as well as offering alternatives to participation in armed groups in the form of training and education. At the same time, opportunities should be provided to other children and youth in the area, so as not to create tension or stigma. The following principles regarding reintegration support to children and youth apply: \\n Children shall be treated as children and, if they have been associated with armed forces or groups, as survivors of violations of their rights. They shall always be referred to as children. \\n In any decision that affects children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. International legal standards pertaining to children shall be applied. \\n States shall engage children\u2019s families to support rehabilitation and reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":370, "Sentence":"\\n States shall engage children\u2019s families to support rehabilitation and reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n state shall engage child \u2019 family support rehabilitation reintegration ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Efforts shall be made to ensure that serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law by ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are dealt with through appropriate national and international legal and\/or transitional justice mechanisms (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR and IDDRS 6.20 on Transitional Justice and DDR). Mechanisms shall also be designed and included in reintegration programmes to prevent those who have committed violations of human rights from going unpunished. In addition, where appropriate, community-based reintegration programmes shall explore opportunities to contribute to reparations for victims.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":371, "Sentence":"Efforts shall be made to ensure that serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law by ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are dealt with through appropriate national and international legal and\/or transitional justice mechanisms (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR and IDDRS 6.20 on Transitional Justice and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace effort shall made ensure serious violation human right humanitarian law ex combatant person formerly associated armed force group dealt appropriate national international legal and\/or transitional justice mechanism see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr iddrs 6.20 transitional justice ddr ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Efforts shall be made to ensure that serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law by ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are dealt with through appropriate national and international legal and\/or transitional justice mechanisms (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR and IDDRS 6.20 on Transitional Justice and DDR). Mechanisms shall also be designed and included in reintegration programmes to prevent those who have committed violations of human rights from going unpunished. In addition, where appropriate, community-based reintegration programmes shall explore opportunities to contribute to reparations for victims.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":371, "Sentence":"Mechanisms shall also be designed and included in reintegration programmes to prevent those who have committed violations of human rights from going unpunished.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace mechanism shall also designed included reintegration programme prevent committed violation human right going unpunished ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Efforts shall be made to ensure that serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law by ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are dealt with through appropriate national and international legal and\/or transitional justice mechanisms (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR and IDDRS 6.20 on Transitional Justice and DDR). Mechanisms shall also be designed and included in reintegration programmes to prevent those who have committed violations of human rights from going unpunished. In addition, where appropriate, community-based reintegration programmes shall explore opportunities to contribute to reparations for victims.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":371, "Sentence":"In addition, where appropriate, community-based reintegration programmes shall explore opportunities to contribute to reparations for victims.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace addition appropriate communitybased reintegration programme shall explore opportunity contribute reparation victim ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment of participants and beneficiaries are core principles of the UN\u2019s involvement in reintegration support. Differences exist among the people who benefit from reintegration support \u2013 which include, but are not limited to, sex, age, class, religion, gender identity, and physical, intellectual, psychosocial and social capacities \u2013 all of which require specific responses. Reintegration support shall therefore be based on the thorough profiling of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, as well as assessments of the social, economic, political and cultural contexts into which they are reintegrated, in order to support specific needs. In general, individual reintegration support shall shift focus from uniform entitlements provided to individuals with the status of ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Instead, reintegration support shall aim to fulfil specific needs and harness individual capacities.Gender refers to the socially constructed attributes and opportunities associated with being male or female and the relationships between and among women, men, girls and boys, in a certain sociocultural context (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Gender-responsive reintegration programmes shall be planned, implemented, monitored and evaluated in a manner that meets the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependents. Understanding and addressing gender always requires careful analysis, looking into the responsibilities, activities, interests and priorities of women and men, and how their experiences of problems may differ. Planning for reintegration support shall therefore be based on sex- disaggregated data so that reintegration programmes can identify the specific needs and potential of women, men, boys and girls. These needs may include, among others, access to land, childcare facilities, property and livelihoods, resources and rehabilitation following sexual violence, and support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse.In some cases, women may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019 or been excluded from DDR programmes by military commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When this happens, and if women so choose, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the reintegration programme. Female- specific reintegration programmes may also be created to address these women.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, UN and Government programme staff, implementing partners and other stakeholders should receive training in gender- sensitive approaches and good practices, as well as other capacity-building support.Gender-sensitivity requires that the monitoring and evaluation framework for reintegration support shall include gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender. Reintegration programmes shall ensure specific funding for such initiatives and shall work to monitor and evaluate their gender appropriateness.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":372, "Sentence":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment of participants and beneficiaries are core principles of the UN\u2019s involvement in reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace nondiscrimination fair equitable treatment participant beneficiary core principle un \u2019 involvement reintegration support ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment of participants and beneficiaries are core principles of the UN\u2019s involvement in reintegration support. Differences exist among the people who benefit from reintegration support \u2013 which include, but are not limited to, sex, age, class, religion, gender identity, and physical, intellectual, psychosocial and social capacities \u2013 all of which require specific responses. Reintegration support shall therefore be based on the thorough profiling of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, as well as assessments of the social, economic, political and cultural contexts into which they are reintegrated, in order to support specific needs. In general, individual reintegration support shall shift focus from uniform entitlements provided to individuals with the status of ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Instead, reintegration support shall aim to fulfil specific needs and harness individual capacities.Gender refers to the socially constructed attributes and opportunities associated with being male or female and the relationships between and among women, men, girls and boys, in a certain sociocultural context (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Gender-responsive reintegration programmes shall be planned, implemented, monitored and evaluated in a manner that meets the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependents. Understanding and addressing gender always requires careful analysis, looking into the responsibilities, activities, interests and priorities of women and men, and how their experiences of problems may differ. Planning for reintegration support shall therefore be based on sex- disaggregated data so that reintegration programmes can identify the specific needs and potential of women, men, boys and girls. These needs may include, among others, access to land, childcare facilities, property and livelihoods, resources and rehabilitation following sexual violence, and support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse.In some cases, women may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019 or been excluded from DDR programmes by military commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When this happens, and if women so choose, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the reintegration programme. Female- specific reintegration programmes may also be created to address these women.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, UN and Government programme staff, implementing partners and other stakeholders should receive training in gender- sensitive approaches and good practices, as well as other capacity-building support.Gender-sensitivity requires that the monitoring and evaluation framework for reintegration support shall include gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender. Reintegration programmes shall ensure specific funding for such initiatives and shall work to monitor and evaluate their gender appropriateness.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":372, "Sentence":"Differences exist among the people who benefit from reintegration support \u2013 which include, but are not limited to, sex, age, class, religion, gender identity, and physical, intellectual, psychosocial and social capacities \u2013 all of which require specific responses.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace difference exist among people benefit reintegration support \u2013 include limited sex age class religion gender identity physical intellectual psychosocial social capacity \u2013 require specific response ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment of participants and beneficiaries are core principles of the UN\u2019s involvement in reintegration support. Differences exist among the people who benefit from reintegration support \u2013 which include, but are not limited to, sex, age, class, religion, gender identity, and physical, intellectual, psychosocial and social capacities \u2013 all of which require specific responses. Reintegration support shall therefore be based on the thorough profiling of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, as well as assessments of the social, economic, political and cultural contexts into which they are reintegrated, in order to support specific needs. In general, individual reintegration support shall shift focus from uniform entitlements provided to individuals with the status of ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Instead, reintegration support shall aim to fulfil specific needs and harness individual capacities.Gender refers to the socially constructed attributes and opportunities associated with being male or female and the relationships between and among women, men, girls and boys, in a certain sociocultural context (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Gender-responsive reintegration programmes shall be planned, implemented, monitored and evaluated in a manner that meets the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependents. Understanding and addressing gender always requires careful analysis, looking into the responsibilities, activities, interests and priorities of women and men, and how their experiences of problems may differ. Planning for reintegration support shall therefore be based on sex- disaggregated data so that reintegration programmes can identify the specific needs and potential of women, men, boys and girls. These needs may include, among others, access to land, childcare facilities, property and livelihoods, resources and rehabilitation following sexual violence, and support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse.In some cases, women may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019 or been excluded from DDR programmes by military commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When this happens, and if women so choose, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the reintegration programme. Female- specific reintegration programmes may also be created to address these women.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, UN and Government programme staff, implementing partners and other stakeholders should receive training in gender- sensitive approaches and good practices, as well as other capacity-building support.Gender-sensitivity requires that the monitoring and evaluation framework for reintegration support shall include gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender. Reintegration programmes shall ensure specific funding for such initiatives and shall work to monitor and evaluate their gender appropriateness.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":372, "Sentence":"Reintegration support shall therefore be based on the thorough profiling of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, as well as assessments of the social, economic, political and cultural contexts into which they are reintegrated, in order to support specific needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration support shall therefore based thorough profiling ex combatant person formerly associated armed force group well assessment social economic political cultural context reintegrated order support specific need ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment of participants and beneficiaries are core principles of the UN\u2019s involvement in reintegration support. Differences exist among the people who benefit from reintegration support \u2013 which include, but are not limited to, sex, age, class, religion, gender identity, and physical, intellectual, psychosocial and social capacities \u2013 all of which require specific responses. Reintegration support shall therefore be based on the thorough profiling of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, as well as assessments of the social, economic, political and cultural contexts into which they are reintegrated, in order to support specific needs. In general, individual reintegration support shall shift focus from uniform entitlements provided to individuals with the status of ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Instead, reintegration support shall aim to fulfil specific needs and harness individual capacities.Gender refers to the socially constructed attributes and opportunities associated with being male or female and the relationships between and among women, men, girls and boys, in a certain sociocultural context (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Gender-responsive reintegration programmes shall be planned, implemented, monitored and evaluated in a manner that meets the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependents. Understanding and addressing gender always requires careful analysis, looking into the responsibilities, activities, interests and priorities of women and men, and how their experiences of problems may differ. Planning for reintegration support shall therefore be based on sex- disaggregated data so that reintegration programmes can identify the specific needs and potential of women, men, boys and girls. These needs may include, among others, access to land, childcare facilities, property and livelihoods, resources and rehabilitation following sexual violence, and support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse.In some cases, women may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019 or been excluded from DDR programmes by military commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When this happens, and if women so choose, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the reintegration programme. Female- specific reintegration programmes may also be created to address these women.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, UN and Government programme staff, implementing partners and other stakeholders should receive training in gender- sensitive approaches and good practices, as well as other capacity-building support.Gender-sensitivity requires that the monitoring and evaluation framework for reintegration support shall include gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender. Reintegration programmes shall ensure specific funding for such initiatives and shall work to monitor and evaluate their gender appropriateness.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":372, "Sentence":"In general, individual reintegration support shall shift focus from uniform entitlements provided to individuals with the status of ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace general individual reintegration support shall shift focus uniform entitlement provided individual status excombatants person formerly associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment of participants and beneficiaries are core principles of the UN\u2019s involvement in reintegration support. Differences exist among the people who benefit from reintegration support \u2013 which include, but are not limited to, sex, age, class, religion, gender identity, and physical, intellectual, psychosocial and social capacities \u2013 all of which require specific responses. Reintegration support shall therefore be based on the thorough profiling of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, as well as assessments of the social, economic, political and cultural contexts into which they are reintegrated, in order to support specific needs. In general, individual reintegration support shall shift focus from uniform entitlements provided to individuals with the status of ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Instead, reintegration support shall aim to fulfil specific needs and harness individual capacities.Gender refers to the socially constructed attributes and opportunities associated with being male or female and the relationships between and among women, men, girls and boys, in a certain sociocultural context (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Gender-responsive reintegration programmes shall be planned, implemented, monitored and evaluated in a manner that meets the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependents. Understanding and addressing gender always requires careful analysis, looking into the responsibilities, activities, interests and priorities of women and men, and how their experiences of problems may differ. Planning for reintegration support shall therefore be based on sex- disaggregated data so that reintegration programmes can identify the specific needs and potential of women, men, boys and girls. These needs may include, among others, access to land, childcare facilities, property and livelihoods, resources and rehabilitation following sexual violence, and support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse.In some cases, women may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019 or been excluded from DDR programmes by military commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When this happens, and if women so choose, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the reintegration programme. Female- specific reintegration programmes may also be created to address these women.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, UN and Government programme staff, implementing partners and other stakeholders should receive training in gender- sensitive approaches and good practices, as well as other capacity-building support.Gender-sensitivity requires that the monitoring and evaluation framework for reintegration support shall include gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender. Reintegration programmes shall ensure specific funding for such initiatives and shall work to monitor and evaluate their gender appropriateness.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":372, "Sentence":"Instead, reintegration support shall aim to fulfil specific needs and harness individual capacities.Gender refers to the socially constructed attributes and opportunities associated with being male or female and the relationships between and among women, men, girls and boys, in a certain sociocultural context (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace instead reintegration support shall aim fulfil specific need harness individual capacities.gender refers socially constructed attribute opportunity associated male female relationship among woman men girl boy certain sociocultural context see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment of participants and beneficiaries are core principles of the UN\u2019s involvement in reintegration support. Differences exist among the people who benefit from reintegration support \u2013 which include, but are not limited to, sex, age, class, religion, gender identity, and physical, intellectual, psychosocial and social capacities \u2013 all of which require specific responses. Reintegration support shall therefore be based on the thorough profiling of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, as well as assessments of the social, economic, political and cultural contexts into which they are reintegrated, in order to support specific needs. In general, individual reintegration support shall shift focus from uniform entitlements provided to individuals with the status of ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Instead, reintegration support shall aim to fulfil specific needs and harness individual capacities.Gender refers to the socially constructed attributes and opportunities associated with being male or female and the relationships between and among women, men, girls and boys, in a certain sociocultural context (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Gender-responsive reintegration programmes shall be planned, implemented, monitored and evaluated in a manner that meets the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependents. Understanding and addressing gender always requires careful analysis, looking into the responsibilities, activities, interests and priorities of women and men, and how their experiences of problems may differ. Planning for reintegration support shall therefore be based on sex- disaggregated data so that reintegration programmes can identify the specific needs and potential of women, men, boys and girls. These needs may include, among others, access to land, childcare facilities, property and livelihoods, resources and rehabilitation following sexual violence, and support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse.In some cases, women may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019 or been excluded from DDR programmes by military commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When this happens, and if women so choose, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the reintegration programme. Female- specific reintegration programmes may also be created to address these women.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, UN and Government programme staff, implementing partners and other stakeholders should receive training in gender- sensitive approaches and good practices, as well as other capacity-building support.Gender-sensitivity requires that the monitoring and evaluation framework for reintegration support shall include gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender. Reintegration programmes shall ensure specific funding for such initiatives and shall work to monitor and evaluate their gender appropriateness.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":372, "Sentence":"Gender-responsive reintegration programmes shall be planned, implemented, monitored and evaluated in a manner that meets the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependents.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace genderresponsive reintegration programme shall planned implemented monitored evaluated manner meet different need female male excombatants supporter dependent ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment of participants and beneficiaries are core principles of the UN\u2019s involvement in reintegration support. Differences exist among the people who benefit from reintegration support \u2013 which include, but are not limited to, sex, age, class, religion, gender identity, and physical, intellectual, psychosocial and social capacities \u2013 all of which require specific responses. Reintegration support shall therefore be based on the thorough profiling of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, as well as assessments of the social, economic, political and cultural contexts into which they are reintegrated, in order to support specific needs. In general, individual reintegration support shall shift focus from uniform entitlements provided to individuals with the status of ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Instead, reintegration support shall aim to fulfil specific needs and harness individual capacities.Gender refers to the socially constructed attributes and opportunities associated with being male or female and the relationships between and among women, men, girls and boys, in a certain sociocultural context (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Gender-responsive reintegration programmes shall be planned, implemented, monitored and evaluated in a manner that meets the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependents. Understanding and addressing gender always requires careful analysis, looking into the responsibilities, activities, interests and priorities of women and men, and how their experiences of problems may differ. Planning for reintegration support shall therefore be based on sex- disaggregated data so that reintegration programmes can identify the specific needs and potential of women, men, boys and girls. These needs may include, among others, access to land, childcare facilities, property and livelihoods, resources and rehabilitation following sexual violence, and support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse.In some cases, women may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019 or been excluded from DDR programmes by military commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When this happens, and if women so choose, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the reintegration programme. Female- specific reintegration programmes may also be created to address these women.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, UN and Government programme staff, implementing partners and other stakeholders should receive training in gender- sensitive approaches and good practices, as well as other capacity-building support.Gender-sensitivity requires that the monitoring and evaluation framework for reintegration support shall include gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender. Reintegration programmes shall ensure specific funding for such initiatives and shall work to monitor and evaluate their gender appropriateness.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":372, "Sentence":"Understanding and addressing gender always requires careful analysis, looking into the responsibilities, activities, interests and priorities of women and men, and how their experiences of problems may differ.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace understanding addressing gender always requires careful analysis looking responsibility activity interest priority woman men experience problem may differ ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment of participants and beneficiaries are core principles of the UN\u2019s involvement in reintegration support. Differences exist among the people who benefit from reintegration support \u2013 which include, but are not limited to, sex, age, class, religion, gender identity, and physical, intellectual, psychosocial and social capacities \u2013 all of which require specific responses. Reintegration support shall therefore be based on the thorough profiling of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, as well as assessments of the social, economic, political and cultural contexts into which they are reintegrated, in order to support specific needs. In general, individual reintegration support shall shift focus from uniform entitlements provided to individuals with the status of ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Instead, reintegration support shall aim to fulfil specific needs and harness individual capacities.Gender refers to the socially constructed attributes and opportunities associated with being male or female and the relationships between and among women, men, girls and boys, in a certain sociocultural context (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Gender-responsive reintegration programmes shall be planned, implemented, monitored and evaluated in a manner that meets the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependents. Understanding and addressing gender always requires careful analysis, looking into the responsibilities, activities, interests and priorities of women and men, and how their experiences of problems may differ. Planning for reintegration support shall therefore be based on sex- disaggregated data so that reintegration programmes can identify the specific needs and potential of women, men, boys and girls. These needs may include, among others, access to land, childcare facilities, property and livelihoods, resources and rehabilitation following sexual violence, and support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse.In some cases, women may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019 or been excluded from DDR programmes by military commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When this happens, and if women so choose, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the reintegration programme. Female- specific reintegration programmes may also be created to address these women.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, UN and Government programme staff, implementing partners and other stakeholders should receive training in gender- sensitive approaches and good practices, as well as other capacity-building support.Gender-sensitivity requires that the monitoring and evaluation framework for reintegration support shall include gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender. Reintegration programmes shall ensure specific funding for such initiatives and shall work to monitor and evaluate their gender appropriateness.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":372, "Sentence":"Planning for reintegration support shall therefore be based on sex- disaggregated data so that reintegration programmes can identify the specific needs and potential of women, men, boys and girls.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace planning reintegration support shall therefore based sex disaggregated data reintegration programme identify specific need potential woman men boy girl ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment of participants and beneficiaries are core principles of the UN\u2019s involvement in reintegration support. Differences exist among the people who benefit from reintegration support \u2013 which include, but are not limited to, sex, age, class, religion, gender identity, and physical, intellectual, psychosocial and social capacities \u2013 all of which require specific responses. Reintegration support shall therefore be based on the thorough profiling of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, as well as assessments of the social, economic, political and cultural contexts into which they are reintegrated, in order to support specific needs. In general, individual reintegration support shall shift focus from uniform entitlements provided to individuals with the status of ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Instead, reintegration support shall aim to fulfil specific needs and harness individual capacities.Gender refers to the socially constructed attributes and opportunities associated with being male or female and the relationships between and among women, men, girls and boys, in a certain sociocultural context (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Gender-responsive reintegration programmes shall be planned, implemented, monitored and evaluated in a manner that meets the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependents. Understanding and addressing gender always requires careful analysis, looking into the responsibilities, activities, interests and priorities of women and men, and how their experiences of problems may differ. Planning for reintegration support shall therefore be based on sex- disaggregated data so that reintegration programmes can identify the specific needs and potential of women, men, boys and girls. These needs may include, among others, access to land, childcare facilities, property and livelihoods, resources and rehabilitation following sexual violence, and support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse.In some cases, women may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019 or been excluded from DDR programmes by military commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When this happens, and if women so choose, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the reintegration programme. Female- specific reintegration programmes may also be created to address these women.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, UN and Government programme staff, implementing partners and other stakeholders should receive training in gender- sensitive approaches and good practices, as well as other capacity-building support.Gender-sensitivity requires that the monitoring and evaluation framework for reintegration support shall include gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender. Reintegration programmes shall ensure specific funding for such initiatives and shall work to monitor and evaluate their gender appropriateness.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":372, "Sentence":"These needs may include, among others, access to land, childcare facilities, property and livelihoods, resources and rehabilitation following sexual violence, and support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse.In some cases, women may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019 or been excluded from DDR programmes by military commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace need may include among others access land childcare facility property livelihood resource rehabilitation following sexual violence support overcome socialization violence substance abuse.in case woman may \u2018 selfdemobilized \u2019 excluded ddr programme military commander see iddrs 4.20 demobilization ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment of participants and beneficiaries are core principles of the UN\u2019s involvement in reintegration support. Differences exist among the people who benefit from reintegration support \u2013 which include, but are not limited to, sex, age, class, religion, gender identity, and physical, intellectual, psychosocial and social capacities \u2013 all of which require specific responses. Reintegration support shall therefore be based on the thorough profiling of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, as well as assessments of the social, economic, political and cultural contexts into which they are reintegrated, in order to support specific needs. In general, individual reintegration support shall shift focus from uniform entitlements provided to individuals with the status of ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Instead, reintegration support shall aim to fulfil specific needs and harness individual capacities.Gender refers to the socially constructed attributes and opportunities associated with being male or female and the relationships between and among women, men, girls and boys, in a certain sociocultural context (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Gender-responsive reintegration programmes shall be planned, implemented, monitored and evaluated in a manner that meets the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependents. Understanding and addressing gender always requires careful analysis, looking into the responsibilities, activities, interests and priorities of women and men, and how their experiences of problems may differ. Planning for reintegration support shall therefore be based on sex- disaggregated data so that reintegration programmes can identify the specific needs and potential of women, men, boys and girls. These needs may include, among others, access to land, childcare facilities, property and livelihoods, resources and rehabilitation following sexual violence, and support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse.In some cases, women may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019 or been excluded from DDR programmes by military commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When this happens, and if women so choose, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the reintegration programme. Female- specific reintegration programmes may also be created to address these women.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, UN and Government programme staff, implementing partners and other stakeholders should receive training in gender- sensitive approaches and good practices, as well as other capacity-building support.Gender-sensitivity requires that the monitoring and evaluation framework for reintegration support shall include gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender. Reintegration programmes shall ensure specific funding for such initiatives and shall work to monitor and evaluate their gender appropriateness.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":372, "Sentence":"When this happens, and if women so choose, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the reintegration programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace happens woman choose effort made provide access reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment of participants and beneficiaries are core principles of the UN\u2019s involvement in reintegration support. Differences exist among the people who benefit from reintegration support \u2013 which include, but are not limited to, sex, age, class, religion, gender identity, and physical, intellectual, psychosocial and social capacities \u2013 all of which require specific responses. Reintegration support shall therefore be based on the thorough profiling of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, as well as assessments of the social, economic, political and cultural contexts into which they are reintegrated, in order to support specific needs. In general, individual reintegration support shall shift focus from uniform entitlements provided to individuals with the status of ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Instead, reintegration support shall aim to fulfil specific needs and harness individual capacities.Gender refers to the socially constructed attributes and opportunities associated with being male or female and the relationships between and among women, men, girls and boys, in a certain sociocultural context (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Gender-responsive reintegration programmes shall be planned, implemented, monitored and evaluated in a manner that meets the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependents. Understanding and addressing gender always requires careful analysis, looking into the responsibilities, activities, interests and priorities of women and men, and how their experiences of problems may differ. Planning for reintegration support shall therefore be based on sex- disaggregated data so that reintegration programmes can identify the specific needs and potential of women, men, boys and girls. These needs may include, among others, access to land, childcare facilities, property and livelihoods, resources and rehabilitation following sexual violence, and support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse.In some cases, women may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019 or been excluded from DDR programmes by military commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When this happens, and if women so choose, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the reintegration programme. Female- specific reintegration programmes may also be created to address these women.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, UN and Government programme staff, implementing partners and other stakeholders should receive training in gender- sensitive approaches and good practices, as well as other capacity-building support.Gender-sensitivity requires that the monitoring and evaluation framework for reintegration support shall include gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender. Reintegration programmes shall ensure specific funding for such initiatives and shall work to monitor and evaluate their gender appropriateness.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":372, "Sentence":"Female- specific reintegration programmes may also be created to address these women.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, UN and Government programme staff, implementing partners and other stakeholders should receive training in gender- sensitive approaches and good practices, as well as other capacity-building support.Gender-sensitivity requires that the monitoring and evaluation framework for reintegration support shall include gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace female specific reintegration programme may also created address women.in order implement genderresponsive reintegration programme un government programme staff implementing partner stakeholder receive training gender sensitive approach good practice well capacitybuilding support.gendersensitivity requires monitoring evaluation framework reintegration support shall include genderrelated indicator specific assessment gender ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment of participants and beneficiaries are core principles of the UN\u2019s involvement in reintegration support. Differences exist among the people who benefit from reintegration support \u2013 which include, but are not limited to, sex, age, class, religion, gender identity, and physical, intellectual, psychosocial and social capacities \u2013 all of which require specific responses. Reintegration support shall therefore be based on the thorough profiling of ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, as well as assessments of the social, economic, political and cultural contexts into which they are reintegrated, in order to support specific needs. In general, individual reintegration support shall shift focus from uniform entitlements provided to individuals with the status of ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Instead, reintegration support shall aim to fulfil specific needs and harness individual capacities.Gender refers to the socially constructed attributes and opportunities associated with being male or female and the relationships between and among women, men, girls and boys, in a certain sociocultural context (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Gender-responsive reintegration programmes shall be planned, implemented, monitored and evaluated in a manner that meets the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependents. Understanding and addressing gender always requires careful analysis, looking into the responsibilities, activities, interests and priorities of women and men, and how their experiences of problems may differ. Planning for reintegration support shall therefore be based on sex- disaggregated data so that reintegration programmes can identify the specific needs and potential of women, men, boys and girls. These needs may include, among others, access to land, childcare facilities, property and livelihoods, resources and rehabilitation following sexual violence, and support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse.In some cases, women may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019 or been excluded from DDR programmes by military commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When this happens, and if women so choose, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the reintegration programme. Female- specific reintegration programmes may also be created to address these women.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, UN and Government programme staff, implementing partners and other stakeholders should receive training in gender- sensitive approaches and good practices, as well as other capacity-building support.Gender-sensitivity requires that the monitoring and evaluation framework for reintegration support shall include gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender. Reintegration programmes shall ensure specific funding for such initiatives and shall work to monitor and evaluate their gender appropriateness.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":372, "Sentence":"Reintegration programmes shall ensure specific funding for such initiatives and shall work to monitor and evaluate their gender appropriateness.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration programme shall ensure specific funding initiative shall work monitor evaluate gender appropriateness ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A conflict-sensitive approach involves ensuring a sound understanding of the two-way interaction between activities and context, and acting to minimize the negative impacts and maximize the positive impacts of intervention on conflict, within an organization\u2019s given mandate. The first principle that is usually applied in a conflict-sensitive approach is do no harm; however, conflict sensitivity goes beyond this. To do no harm and to support local capacities for peace requires: \\n An awareness of both the intended and unintended consequences of reintegration programming; \\n Analysis of the conflict context and the programme, examining how reintegration support interacts with the conflict; \\n A willingness to adapt, create options and, if needed, redesign programmes to improve quality; \\n Careful reflection on staff conduct and organizational policies, to ensure that the behaviour of individuals and organizations meets the highest standards of ethics and professionalism.Conflict analysis and risk mitigation measures shall be applied as key components of a conflict sensitivity approach, as well as integrated into monitoring and evaluation processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":373, "Sentence":"A conflict-sensitive approach involves ensuring a sound understanding of the two-way interaction between activities and context, and acting to minimize the negative impacts and maximize the positive impacts of intervention on conflict, within an organization\u2019s given mandate.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace conflictsensitive approach involves ensuring sound understanding twoway interaction activity context acting minimize negative impact maximize positive impact intervention conflict within organization \u2019 given mandate ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A conflict-sensitive approach involves ensuring a sound understanding of the two-way interaction between activities and context, and acting to minimize the negative impacts and maximize the positive impacts of intervention on conflict, within an organization\u2019s given mandate. The first principle that is usually applied in a conflict-sensitive approach is do no harm; however, conflict sensitivity goes beyond this. To do no harm and to support local capacities for peace requires: \\n An awareness of both the intended and unintended consequences of reintegration programming; \\n Analysis of the conflict context and the programme, examining how reintegration support interacts with the conflict; \\n A willingness to adapt, create options and, if needed, redesign programmes to improve quality; \\n Careful reflection on staff conduct and organizational policies, to ensure that the behaviour of individuals and organizations meets the highest standards of ethics and professionalism.Conflict analysis and risk mitigation measures shall be applied as key components of a conflict sensitivity approach, as well as integrated into monitoring and evaluation processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":373, "Sentence":"The first principle that is usually applied in a conflict-sensitive approach is do no harm; however, conflict sensitivity goes beyond this.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace first principle usually applied conflictsensitive approach harm however conflict sensitivity go beyond ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A conflict-sensitive approach involves ensuring a sound understanding of the two-way interaction between activities and context, and acting to minimize the negative impacts and maximize the positive impacts of intervention on conflict, within an organization\u2019s given mandate. The first principle that is usually applied in a conflict-sensitive approach is do no harm; however, conflict sensitivity goes beyond this. To do no harm and to support local capacities for peace requires: \\n An awareness of both the intended and unintended consequences of reintegration programming; \\n Analysis of the conflict context and the programme, examining how reintegration support interacts with the conflict; \\n A willingness to adapt, create options and, if needed, redesign programmes to improve quality; \\n Careful reflection on staff conduct and organizational policies, to ensure that the behaviour of individuals and organizations meets the highest standards of ethics and professionalism.Conflict analysis and risk mitigation measures shall be applied as key components of a conflict sensitivity approach, as well as integrated into monitoring and evaluation processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":373, "Sentence":"To do no harm and to support local capacities for peace requires: \\n An awareness of both the intended and unintended consequences of reintegration programming; \\n Analysis of the conflict context and the programme, examining how reintegration support interacts with the conflict; \\n A willingness to adapt, create options and, if needed, redesign programmes to improve quality; \\n Careful reflection on staff conduct and organizational policies, to ensure that the behaviour of individuals and organizations meets the highest standards of ethics and professionalism.Conflict analysis and risk mitigation measures shall be applied as key components of a conflict sensitivity approach, as well as integrated into monitoring and evaluation processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace harm support local capacity peace requires n awareness intended unintended consequence reintegration programming n analysis conflict context programme examining reintegration support interacts conflict n willingness adapt create option needed redesign programme improve quality n careful reflection staff conduct organizational policy ensure behaviour individual organization meet highest standard ethic professionalism.conflict analysis risk mitigation measure shall applied key component conflict sensitivity approach well integrated monitoring evaluation process ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Planning for the effective and sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall be based, among other aspects, on a comprehensive understanding of the local context. In settings where there is no ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, the ex-combatant status of those who \u2018self-demobilize\u2019 may be unclear. Where feasible, DDR practitioners should work to clarify the status of ex-combatants through the establishment of a clear framework. However, where this is not feasible, the status of ex-combatants must still be analysed, at the programme level, in order to ensure that reintegration support is not provided to individuals who are active members of armed groups.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":374, "Sentence":"Planning for the effective and sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall be based, among other aspects, on a comprehensive understanding of the local context.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace planning effective sustainable reintegration excombatants person formerly associated armed force group shall based among aspect comprehensive understanding local context ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Planning for the effective and sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall be based, among other aspects, on a comprehensive understanding of the local context. In settings where there is no ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, the ex-combatant status of those who \u2018self-demobilize\u2019 may be unclear. Where feasible, DDR practitioners should work to clarify the status of ex-combatants through the establishment of a clear framework. However, where this is not feasible, the status of ex-combatants must still be analysed, at the programme level, in order to ensure that reintegration support is not provided to individuals who are active members of armed groups.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":374, "Sentence":"In settings where there is no ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, the ex-combatant status of those who \u2018self-demobilize\u2019 may be unclear.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace setting ceasefire and\/or peace agreement excombatant status \u2018 selfdemobilize \u2019 may unclear ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Planning for the effective and sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall be based, among other aspects, on a comprehensive understanding of the local context. In settings where there is no ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, the ex-combatant status of those who \u2018self-demobilize\u2019 may be unclear. Where feasible, DDR practitioners should work to clarify the status of ex-combatants through the establishment of a clear framework. However, where this is not feasible, the status of ex-combatants must still be analysed, at the programme level, in order to ensure that reintegration support is not provided to individuals who are active members of armed groups.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":374, "Sentence":"Where feasible, DDR practitioners should work to clarify the status of ex-combatants through the establishment of a clear framework.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace feasible ddr practitioner work clarify status excombatants establishment clear framework ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Planning for the effective and sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall be based, among other aspects, on a comprehensive understanding of the local context. In settings where there is no ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, the ex-combatant status of those who \u2018self-demobilize\u2019 may be unclear. Where feasible, DDR practitioners should work to clarify the status of ex-combatants through the establishment of a clear framework. However, where this is not feasible, the status of ex-combatants must still be analysed, at the programme level, in order to ensure that reintegration support is not provided to individuals who are active members of armed groups.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":374, "Sentence":"However, where this is not feasible, the status of ex-combatants must still be analysed, at the programme level, in order to ensure that reintegration support is not provided to individuals who are active members of armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace however feasible status excombatants must still analysed programme level order ensure reintegration support provided individual active member armed group ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.6 Flexible", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"To respond to contextual changes and remain relevant, reintegration support shall be designed in a way that allows for adaptability. While the design of a reintegration programme is based on initial assessments, it is also important to note that many contextual factors will change significantly during the course of the programme, such as the wishes and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, the labour market, the capacities of service providers, the capacities of different Government bodies, and the agendas of political parties and leaders in power. Furthermore, new or broader recovery plans may be designed during the time frame of the reintegration programme, to which the latter should be linked.The need for flexibility will be particularly acute in ongoing conflict settings where the risks of doing harm, including inadvertently fuelling recruitment to active armed groups, must be carefully assessed. A flexible approach should allow for the early identification of these risks and the development of risk mitigation strategies.It is important to note that, despite the benefits of a flexible approach, providing ad hoc reintegration support can be problematic. One of the challenges is to provide clarity to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and broader communities early on about the reintegration support to be provided and the benefits and eligibility criteria involved, while on the other hand maintaining sufficient flexibility in the programme to be able to respond to changing needs and circumstances.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":375, "Sentence":"To respond to contextual changes and remain relevant, reintegration support shall be designed in a way that allows for adaptability.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace respond contextual change remain relevant reintegration support shall designed way allows adaptability ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.6 Flexible", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"To respond to contextual changes and remain relevant, reintegration support shall be designed in a way that allows for adaptability. While the design of a reintegration programme is based on initial assessments, it is also important to note that many contextual factors will change significantly during the course of the programme, such as the wishes and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, the labour market, the capacities of service providers, the capacities of different Government bodies, and the agendas of political parties and leaders in power. Furthermore, new or broader recovery plans may be designed during the time frame of the reintegration programme, to which the latter should be linked.The need for flexibility will be particularly acute in ongoing conflict settings where the risks of doing harm, including inadvertently fuelling recruitment to active armed groups, must be carefully assessed. A flexible approach should allow for the early identification of these risks and the development of risk mitigation strategies.It is important to note that, despite the benefits of a flexible approach, providing ad hoc reintegration support can be problematic. One of the challenges is to provide clarity to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and broader communities early on about the reintegration support to be provided and the benefits and eligibility criteria involved, while on the other hand maintaining sufficient flexibility in the programme to be able to respond to changing needs and circumstances.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":375, "Sentence":"While the design of a reintegration programme is based on initial assessments, it is also important to note that many contextual factors will change significantly during the course of the programme, such as the wishes and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, the labour market, the capacities of service providers, the capacities of different Government bodies, and the agendas of political parties and leaders in power.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace design reintegration programme based initial assessment also important note many contextual factor change significantly course programme wish ambition excombatants person formerly associated armed force group labour market capacity service provider capacity different government body agenda political party leader power ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.6 Flexible", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"To respond to contextual changes and remain relevant, reintegration support shall be designed in a way that allows for adaptability. While the design of a reintegration programme is based on initial assessments, it is also important to note that many contextual factors will change significantly during the course of the programme, such as the wishes and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, the labour market, the capacities of service providers, the capacities of different Government bodies, and the agendas of political parties and leaders in power. Furthermore, new or broader recovery plans may be designed during the time frame of the reintegration programme, to which the latter should be linked.The need for flexibility will be particularly acute in ongoing conflict settings where the risks of doing harm, including inadvertently fuelling recruitment to active armed groups, must be carefully assessed. A flexible approach should allow for the early identification of these risks and the development of risk mitigation strategies.It is important to note that, despite the benefits of a flexible approach, providing ad hoc reintegration support can be problematic. One of the challenges is to provide clarity to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and broader communities early on about the reintegration support to be provided and the benefits and eligibility criteria involved, while on the other hand maintaining sufficient flexibility in the programme to be able to respond to changing needs and circumstances.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":375, "Sentence":"Furthermore, new or broader recovery plans may be designed during the time frame of the reintegration programme, to which the latter should be linked.The need for flexibility will be particularly acute in ongoing conflict settings where the risks of doing harm, including inadvertently fuelling recruitment to active armed groups, must be carefully assessed.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace furthermore new broader recovery plan may designed time frame reintegration programme latter linked.the need flexibility particularly acute ongoing conflict setting risk harm including inadvertently fuelling recruitment active armed group must carefully assessed ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.6 Flexible", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"To respond to contextual changes and remain relevant, reintegration support shall be designed in a way that allows for adaptability. While the design of a reintegration programme is based on initial assessments, it is also important to note that many contextual factors will change significantly during the course of the programme, such as the wishes and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, the labour market, the capacities of service providers, the capacities of different Government bodies, and the agendas of political parties and leaders in power. Furthermore, new or broader recovery plans may be designed during the time frame of the reintegration programme, to which the latter should be linked.The need for flexibility will be particularly acute in ongoing conflict settings where the risks of doing harm, including inadvertently fuelling recruitment to active armed groups, must be carefully assessed. A flexible approach should allow for the early identification of these risks and the development of risk mitigation strategies.It is important to note that, despite the benefits of a flexible approach, providing ad hoc reintegration support can be problematic. One of the challenges is to provide clarity to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and broader communities early on about the reintegration support to be provided and the benefits and eligibility criteria involved, while on the other hand maintaining sufficient flexibility in the programme to be able to respond to changing needs and circumstances.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":375, "Sentence":"A flexible approach should allow for the early identification of these risks and the development of risk mitigation strategies.It is important to note that, despite the benefits of a flexible approach, providing ad hoc reintegration support can be problematic.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace flexible approach allow early identification risk development risk mitigation strategies.it important note despite benefit flexible approach providing ad hoc reintegration support problematic ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.6 Flexible", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"To respond to contextual changes and remain relevant, reintegration support shall be designed in a way that allows for adaptability. While the design of a reintegration programme is based on initial assessments, it is also important to note that many contextual factors will change significantly during the course of the programme, such as the wishes and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, the labour market, the capacities of service providers, the capacities of different Government bodies, and the agendas of political parties and leaders in power. Furthermore, new or broader recovery plans may be designed during the time frame of the reintegration programme, to which the latter should be linked.The need for flexibility will be particularly acute in ongoing conflict settings where the risks of doing harm, including inadvertently fuelling recruitment to active armed groups, must be carefully assessed. A flexible approach should allow for the early identification of these risks and the development of risk mitigation strategies.It is important to note that, despite the benefits of a flexible approach, providing ad hoc reintegration support can be problematic. One of the challenges is to provide clarity to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and broader communities early on about the reintegration support to be provided and the benefits and eligibility criteria involved, while on the other hand maintaining sufficient flexibility in the programme to be able to respond to changing needs and circumstances.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":375, "Sentence":"One of the challenges is to provide clarity to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and broader communities early on about the reintegration support to be provided and the benefits and eligibility criteria involved, while on the other hand maintaining sufficient flexibility in the programme to be able to respond to changing needs and circumstances.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace one challenge provide clarity excombatants person formerly associated armed force group broader community early reintegration support provided benefit eligibility criterion involved hand maintaining sufficient flexibility programme able respond changing need circumstance ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.7 Accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support shall be based on the principles of accountability and transparency. Public information and communications strategies and policies shall therefore be drawn up and implemented as early as possible. Public information allows affected participants and beneficiary groups to receive accurate information on the principles and procedures of reintegration support. Efforts to provide public information and sensitization concerning reintegration efforts may also benefit from collaboration with women\u2019s and men\u2019s organizations to address gender-specific needs (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Reintegration support measures and expected results shall be reflected in key indicators. Defining indicators in a participatory manner helps to clarify expectations and contributes to a broad consensus on realistic targets. Individuals or organizations responsible for monitoring shall also be agreed upon, as well as how frequently monitoring reports should be produced.Relevant entities of the UN system shall remain transparent vis-\u00e0-vis the Government and its institutions in regard to activities and plans in support of reintegration, particularly if not fully agreed upon in advance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":376, "Sentence":"Reintegration support shall be based on the principles of accountability and transparency.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration support shall based principle accountability transparency ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.7 Accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support shall be based on the principles of accountability and transparency. Public information and communications strategies and policies shall therefore be drawn up and implemented as early as possible. Public information allows affected participants and beneficiary groups to receive accurate information on the principles and procedures of reintegration support. Efforts to provide public information and sensitization concerning reintegration efforts may also benefit from collaboration with women\u2019s and men\u2019s organizations to address gender-specific needs (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Reintegration support measures and expected results shall be reflected in key indicators. Defining indicators in a participatory manner helps to clarify expectations and contributes to a broad consensus on realistic targets. Individuals or organizations responsible for monitoring shall also be agreed upon, as well as how frequently monitoring reports should be produced.Relevant entities of the UN system shall remain transparent vis-\u00e0-vis the Government and its institutions in regard to activities and plans in support of reintegration, particularly if not fully agreed upon in advance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":376, "Sentence":"Public information and communications strategies and policies shall therefore be drawn up and implemented as early as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace public information communication strategy policy shall therefore drawn implemented early possible ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.7 Accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support shall be based on the principles of accountability and transparency. Public information and communications strategies and policies shall therefore be drawn up and implemented as early as possible. Public information allows affected participants and beneficiary groups to receive accurate information on the principles and procedures of reintegration support. Efforts to provide public information and sensitization concerning reintegration efforts may also benefit from collaboration with women\u2019s and men\u2019s organizations to address gender-specific needs (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Reintegration support measures and expected results shall be reflected in key indicators. Defining indicators in a participatory manner helps to clarify expectations and contributes to a broad consensus on realistic targets. Individuals or organizations responsible for monitoring shall also be agreed upon, as well as how frequently monitoring reports should be produced.Relevant entities of the UN system shall remain transparent vis-\u00e0-vis the Government and its institutions in regard to activities and plans in support of reintegration, particularly if not fully agreed upon in advance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":376, "Sentence":"Public information allows affected participants and beneficiary groups to receive accurate information on the principles and procedures of reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace public information allows affected participant beneficiary group receive accurate information principle procedure reintegration support ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.7 Accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support shall be based on the principles of accountability and transparency. Public information and communications strategies and policies shall therefore be drawn up and implemented as early as possible. Public information allows affected participants and beneficiary groups to receive accurate information on the principles and procedures of reintegration support. Efforts to provide public information and sensitization concerning reintegration efforts may also benefit from collaboration with women\u2019s and men\u2019s organizations to address gender-specific needs (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Reintegration support measures and expected results shall be reflected in key indicators. Defining indicators in a participatory manner helps to clarify expectations and contributes to a broad consensus on realistic targets. Individuals or organizations responsible for monitoring shall also be agreed upon, as well as how frequently monitoring reports should be produced.Relevant entities of the UN system shall remain transparent vis-\u00e0-vis the Government and its institutions in regard to activities and plans in support of reintegration, particularly if not fully agreed upon in advance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":376, "Sentence":"Efforts to provide public information and sensitization concerning reintegration efforts may also benefit from collaboration with women\u2019s and men\u2019s organizations to address gender-specific needs (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Reintegration support measures and expected results shall be reflected in key indicators.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace effort provide public information sensitization concerning reintegration effort may also benefit collaboration woman \u2019 men \u2019 organization address genderspecific need see iddrs 4.60 public information strategic communication support ddr.reintegration support measure expected result shall reflected key indicator ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.7 Accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support shall be based on the principles of accountability and transparency. Public information and communications strategies and policies shall therefore be drawn up and implemented as early as possible. Public information allows affected participants and beneficiary groups to receive accurate information on the principles and procedures of reintegration support. Efforts to provide public information and sensitization concerning reintegration efforts may also benefit from collaboration with women\u2019s and men\u2019s organizations to address gender-specific needs (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Reintegration support measures and expected results shall be reflected in key indicators. Defining indicators in a participatory manner helps to clarify expectations and contributes to a broad consensus on realistic targets. Individuals or organizations responsible for monitoring shall also be agreed upon, as well as how frequently monitoring reports should be produced.Relevant entities of the UN system shall remain transparent vis-\u00e0-vis the Government and its institutions in regard to activities and plans in support of reintegration, particularly if not fully agreed upon in advance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":376, "Sentence":"Defining indicators in a participatory manner helps to clarify expectations and contributes to a broad consensus on realistic targets.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace defining indicator participatory manner help clarify expectation contributes broad consensus realistic target ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.7 Accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support shall be based on the principles of accountability and transparency. Public information and communications strategies and policies shall therefore be drawn up and implemented as early as possible. Public information allows affected participants and beneficiary groups to receive accurate information on the principles and procedures of reintegration support. Efforts to provide public information and sensitization concerning reintegration efforts may also benefit from collaboration with women\u2019s and men\u2019s organizations to address gender-specific needs (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Reintegration support measures and expected results shall be reflected in key indicators. Defining indicators in a participatory manner helps to clarify expectations and contributes to a broad consensus on realistic targets. Individuals or organizations responsible for monitoring shall also be agreed upon, as well as how frequently monitoring reports should be produced.Relevant entities of the UN system shall remain transparent vis-\u00e0-vis the Government and its institutions in regard to activities and plans in support of reintegration, particularly if not fully agreed upon in advance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":376, "Sentence":"Individuals or organizations responsible for monitoring shall also be agreed upon, as well as how frequently monitoring reports should be produced.Relevant entities of the UN system shall remain transparent vis-\u00e0-vis the Government and its institutions in regard to activities and plans in support of reintegration, particularly if not fully agreed upon in advance.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace individual organization responsible monitoring shall also agreed upon well frequently monitoring report produced.relevant entity un system shall remain transparent vis\u00e0vis government institution regard activity plan support reintegration particularly fully agreed upon advance ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support provided by the UN system shall be based on a partnership with the national authorities and other stakeholders. The primary responsibility for the reintegration strategy and policy, as well as the successful outcome of the programme, rests with national authorities and their local institutions. UN support to reintegration programmes shall include efforts to develop the capacities of receiving communities and local and national authorities.UN-supported DDR processes may take place when a recently established Government is still finding a political balance between (remnants of) the previously combating parties, which could include members of the Government itself (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The national institutions in charge of reintegration support may operate in a fluid political environment, which may include regular changes in institutional set-up and personnel. In these settings, international actors shall not act as substitutes for national authorities in programme management and implementation, but rather, shall put forth all efforts to strengthen those national institutions that are managing reintegration support.The success of reintegration programmes depends on the combined efforts of individuals, families and supporting communities to identify and work towards their own solutions. Reintegration should be led and implemented by community members themselves \u2013 with support from external actors where needed. The community-based approach begins with community sensitization during the earliest phases of the reintegration programme, to gain community inputs and consider the dynamics of the conflict. To the extent possible, all reintegration support should be linked to existing social services and protection networks, while bolstering the capacities of existing systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":377, "Sentence":"Reintegration support provided by the UN system shall be based on a partnership with the national authorities and other stakeholders.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration support provided un system shall based partnership national authority stakeholder ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support provided by the UN system shall be based on a partnership with the national authorities and other stakeholders. The primary responsibility for the reintegration strategy and policy, as well as the successful outcome of the programme, rests with national authorities and their local institutions. UN support to reintegration programmes shall include efforts to develop the capacities of receiving communities and local and national authorities.UN-supported DDR processes may take place when a recently established Government is still finding a political balance between (remnants of) the previously combating parties, which could include members of the Government itself (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The national institutions in charge of reintegration support may operate in a fluid political environment, which may include regular changes in institutional set-up and personnel. In these settings, international actors shall not act as substitutes for national authorities in programme management and implementation, but rather, shall put forth all efforts to strengthen those national institutions that are managing reintegration support.The success of reintegration programmes depends on the combined efforts of individuals, families and supporting communities to identify and work towards their own solutions. Reintegration should be led and implemented by community members themselves \u2013 with support from external actors where needed. The community-based approach begins with community sensitization during the earliest phases of the reintegration programme, to gain community inputs and consider the dynamics of the conflict. To the extent possible, all reintegration support should be linked to existing social services and protection networks, while bolstering the capacities of existing systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":377, "Sentence":"The primary responsibility for the reintegration strategy and policy, as well as the successful outcome of the programme, rests with national authorities and their local institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace primary responsibility reintegration strategy policy well successful outcome programme rest national authority local institution ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support provided by the UN system shall be based on a partnership with the national authorities and other stakeholders. The primary responsibility for the reintegration strategy and policy, as well as the successful outcome of the programme, rests with national authorities and their local institutions. UN support to reintegration programmes shall include efforts to develop the capacities of receiving communities and local and national authorities.UN-supported DDR processes may take place when a recently established Government is still finding a political balance between (remnants of) the previously combating parties, which could include members of the Government itself (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The national institutions in charge of reintegration support may operate in a fluid political environment, which may include regular changes in institutional set-up and personnel. In these settings, international actors shall not act as substitutes for national authorities in programme management and implementation, but rather, shall put forth all efforts to strengthen those national institutions that are managing reintegration support.The success of reintegration programmes depends on the combined efforts of individuals, families and supporting communities to identify and work towards their own solutions. Reintegration should be led and implemented by community members themselves \u2013 with support from external actors where needed. The community-based approach begins with community sensitization during the earliest phases of the reintegration programme, to gain community inputs and consider the dynamics of the conflict. To the extent possible, all reintegration support should be linked to existing social services and protection networks, while bolstering the capacities of existing systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":377, "Sentence":"UN support to reintegration programmes shall include efforts to develop the capacities of receiving communities and local and national authorities.UN-supported DDR processes may take place when a recently established Government is still finding a political balance between (remnants of) the previously combating parties, which could include members of the Government itself (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace un support reintegration programme shall include effort develop capacity receiving community local national authorities.unsupported ddr process may take place recently established government still finding political balance remnant previously combating party could include member government see iddrs 2.20 politics ddr ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support provided by the UN system shall be based on a partnership with the national authorities and other stakeholders. The primary responsibility for the reintegration strategy and policy, as well as the successful outcome of the programme, rests with national authorities and their local institutions. UN support to reintegration programmes shall include efforts to develop the capacities of receiving communities and local and national authorities.UN-supported DDR processes may take place when a recently established Government is still finding a political balance between (remnants of) the previously combating parties, which could include members of the Government itself (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The national institutions in charge of reintegration support may operate in a fluid political environment, which may include regular changes in institutional set-up and personnel. In these settings, international actors shall not act as substitutes for national authorities in programme management and implementation, but rather, shall put forth all efforts to strengthen those national institutions that are managing reintegration support.The success of reintegration programmes depends on the combined efforts of individuals, families and supporting communities to identify and work towards their own solutions. Reintegration should be led and implemented by community members themselves \u2013 with support from external actors where needed. The community-based approach begins with community sensitization during the earliest phases of the reintegration programme, to gain community inputs and consider the dynamics of the conflict. To the extent possible, all reintegration support should be linked to existing social services and protection networks, while bolstering the capacities of existing systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":377, "Sentence":"The national institutions in charge of reintegration support may operate in a fluid political environment, which may include regular changes in institutional set-up and personnel.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace national institution charge reintegration support may operate fluid political environment may include regular change institutional setup personnel ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support provided by the UN system shall be based on a partnership with the national authorities and other stakeholders. The primary responsibility for the reintegration strategy and policy, as well as the successful outcome of the programme, rests with national authorities and their local institutions. UN support to reintegration programmes shall include efforts to develop the capacities of receiving communities and local and national authorities.UN-supported DDR processes may take place when a recently established Government is still finding a political balance between (remnants of) the previously combating parties, which could include members of the Government itself (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The national institutions in charge of reintegration support may operate in a fluid political environment, which may include regular changes in institutional set-up and personnel. In these settings, international actors shall not act as substitutes for national authorities in programme management and implementation, but rather, shall put forth all efforts to strengthen those national institutions that are managing reintegration support.The success of reintegration programmes depends on the combined efforts of individuals, families and supporting communities to identify and work towards their own solutions. Reintegration should be led and implemented by community members themselves \u2013 with support from external actors where needed. The community-based approach begins with community sensitization during the earliest phases of the reintegration programme, to gain community inputs and consider the dynamics of the conflict. To the extent possible, all reintegration support should be linked to existing social services and protection networks, while bolstering the capacities of existing systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":377, "Sentence":"In these settings, international actors shall not act as substitutes for national authorities in programme management and implementation, but rather, shall put forth all efforts to strengthen those national institutions that are managing reintegration support.The success of reintegration programmes depends on the combined efforts of individuals, families and supporting communities to identify and work towards their own solutions.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace setting international actor shall act substitute national authority programme management implementation rather shall put forth effort strengthen national institution managing reintegration support.the success reintegration programme depends combined effort individual family supporting community identify work towards solution ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support provided by the UN system shall be based on a partnership with the national authorities and other stakeholders. The primary responsibility for the reintegration strategy and policy, as well as the successful outcome of the programme, rests with national authorities and their local institutions. UN support to reintegration programmes shall include efforts to develop the capacities of receiving communities and local and national authorities.UN-supported DDR processes may take place when a recently established Government is still finding a political balance between (remnants of) the previously combating parties, which could include members of the Government itself (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The national institutions in charge of reintegration support may operate in a fluid political environment, which may include regular changes in institutional set-up and personnel. In these settings, international actors shall not act as substitutes for national authorities in programme management and implementation, but rather, shall put forth all efforts to strengthen those national institutions that are managing reintegration support.The success of reintegration programmes depends on the combined efforts of individuals, families and supporting communities to identify and work towards their own solutions. Reintegration should be led and implemented by community members themselves \u2013 with support from external actors where needed. The community-based approach begins with community sensitization during the earliest phases of the reintegration programme, to gain community inputs and consider the dynamics of the conflict. To the extent possible, all reintegration support should be linked to existing social services and protection networks, while bolstering the capacities of existing systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":377, "Sentence":"Reintegration should be led and implemented by community members themselves \u2013 with support from external actors where needed.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration led implemented community member \u2013 support external actor needed ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support provided by the UN system shall be based on a partnership with the national authorities and other stakeholders. The primary responsibility for the reintegration strategy and policy, as well as the successful outcome of the programme, rests with national authorities and their local institutions. UN support to reintegration programmes shall include efforts to develop the capacities of receiving communities and local and national authorities.UN-supported DDR processes may take place when a recently established Government is still finding a political balance between (remnants of) the previously combating parties, which could include members of the Government itself (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The national institutions in charge of reintegration support may operate in a fluid political environment, which may include regular changes in institutional set-up and personnel. In these settings, international actors shall not act as substitutes for national authorities in programme management and implementation, but rather, shall put forth all efforts to strengthen those national institutions that are managing reintegration support.The success of reintegration programmes depends on the combined efforts of individuals, families and supporting communities to identify and work towards their own solutions. Reintegration should be led and implemented by community members themselves \u2013 with support from external actors where needed. The community-based approach begins with community sensitization during the earliest phases of the reintegration programme, to gain community inputs and consider the dynamics of the conflict. To the extent possible, all reintegration support should be linked to existing social services and protection networks, while bolstering the capacities of existing systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":377, "Sentence":"The community-based approach begins with community sensitization during the earliest phases of the reintegration programme, to gain community inputs and consider the dynamics of the conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace communitybased approach begin community sensitization earliest phase reintegration programme gain community input consider dynamic conflict ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.8 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support provided by the UN system shall be based on a partnership with the national authorities and other stakeholders. The primary responsibility for the reintegration strategy and policy, as well as the successful outcome of the programme, rests with national authorities and their local institutions. UN support to reintegration programmes shall include efforts to develop the capacities of receiving communities and local and national authorities.UN-supported DDR processes may take place when a recently established Government is still finding a political balance between (remnants of) the previously combating parties, which could include members of the Government itself (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The national institutions in charge of reintegration support may operate in a fluid political environment, which may include regular changes in institutional set-up and personnel. In these settings, international actors shall not act as substitutes for national authorities in programme management and implementation, but rather, shall put forth all efforts to strengthen those national institutions that are managing reintegration support.The success of reintegration programmes depends on the combined efforts of individuals, families and supporting communities to identify and work towards their own solutions. Reintegration should be led and implemented by community members themselves \u2013 with support from external actors where needed. The community-based approach begins with community sensitization during the earliest phases of the reintegration programme, to gain community inputs and consider the dynamics of the conflict. To the extent possible, all reintegration support should be linked to existing social services and protection networks, while bolstering the capacities of existing systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":377, "Sentence":"To the extent possible, all reintegration support should be linked to existing social services and protection networks, while bolstering the capacities of existing systems.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace extent possible reintegration support linked existing social service protection network bolstering capacity existing system ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.9 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Therefore, reintegration programmes shall be designed through an inclusive participatory process involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, community representatives, local and national authorities, and non-governmental actors in planning and decision-making from the earliest stages. Buy-in from key members of armed forces and groups shall be a priority of the reintegration programme, and shall be achieved in collaboration with the national Government and other key stakeholders in accordance with UN principles and mandates.Reintegration both influences and is affected by wider recovery, peacebuilding and state transformational processes. Therefore, reintegration programmes shall work collaboratively with other programmes and stakeholders in order to achieve policy coherence, sectoral programme integration, and UN inter-agency cooperation and coordination throughout design and implementation. In addition, the use of technical working groups, donor forums, and rapid response modalities shall be used to further integrate efforts in the area of reintegration support. Relevant line ministries shall also receive appropriate support from reintegration programmes to ensure that the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be sustainable and in alignment with other national and local plans.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":378, "Sentence":"Therefore, reintegration programmes shall be designed through an inclusive participatory process involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, community representatives, local and national authorities, and non-governmental actors in planning and decision-making from the earliest stages.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace therefore reintegration programme shall designed inclusive participatory process involving excombatants person formerly associated armed force group community representative local national authority nongovernmental actor planning decisionmaking earliest stage ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.9 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Therefore, reintegration programmes shall be designed through an inclusive participatory process involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, community representatives, local and national authorities, and non-governmental actors in planning and decision-making from the earliest stages. Buy-in from key members of armed forces and groups shall be a priority of the reintegration programme, and shall be achieved in collaboration with the national Government and other key stakeholders in accordance with UN principles and mandates.Reintegration both influences and is affected by wider recovery, peacebuilding and state transformational processes. Therefore, reintegration programmes shall work collaboratively with other programmes and stakeholders in order to achieve policy coherence, sectoral programme integration, and UN inter-agency cooperation and coordination throughout design and implementation. In addition, the use of technical working groups, donor forums, and rapid response modalities shall be used to further integrate efforts in the area of reintegration support. Relevant line ministries shall also receive appropriate support from reintegration programmes to ensure that the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be sustainable and in alignment with other national and local plans.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":378, "Sentence":"Buy-in from key members of armed forces and groups shall be a priority of the reintegration programme, and shall be achieved in collaboration with the national Government and other key stakeholders in accordance with UN principles and mandates.Reintegration both influences and is affected by wider recovery, peacebuilding and state transformational processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace buyin key member armed force group shall priority reintegration programme shall achieved collaboration national government key stakeholder accordance un principle mandates.reintegration influence affected wider recovery peacebuilding state transformational process ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.9 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Therefore, reintegration programmes shall be designed through an inclusive participatory process involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, community representatives, local and national authorities, and non-governmental actors in planning and decision-making from the earliest stages. Buy-in from key members of armed forces and groups shall be a priority of the reintegration programme, and shall be achieved in collaboration with the national Government and other key stakeholders in accordance with UN principles and mandates.Reintegration both influences and is affected by wider recovery, peacebuilding and state transformational processes. Therefore, reintegration programmes shall work collaboratively with other programmes and stakeholders in order to achieve policy coherence, sectoral programme integration, and UN inter-agency cooperation and coordination throughout design and implementation. In addition, the use of technical working groups, donor forums, and rapid response modalities shall be used to further integrate efforts in the area of reintegration support. Relevant line ministries shall also receive appropriate support from reintegration programmes to ensure that the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be sustainable and in alignment with other national and local plans.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":378, "Sentence":"Therefore, reintegration programmes shall work collaboratively with other programmes and stakeholders in order to achieve policy coherence, sectoral programme integration, and UN inter-agency cooperation and coordination throughout design and implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace therefore reintegration programme shall work collaboratively programme stakeholder order achieve policy coherence sectoral programme integration un interagency cooperation coordination throughout design implementation ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.9 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Therefore, reintegration programmes shall be designed through an inclusive participatory process involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, community representatives, local and national authorities, and non-governmental actors in planning and decision-making from the earliest stages. Buy-in from key members of armed forces and groups shall be a priority of the reintegration programme, and shall be achieved in collaboration with the national Government and other key stakeholders in accordance with UN principles and mandates.Reintegration both influences and is affected by wider recovery, peacebuilding and state transformational processes. Therefore, reintegration programmes shall work collaboratively with other programmes and stakeholders in order to achieve policy coherence, sectoral programme integration, and UN inter-agency cooperation and coordination throughout design and implementation. In addition, the use of technical working groups, donor forums, and rapid response modalities shall be used to further integrate efforts in the area of reintegration support. Relevant line ministries shall also receive appropriate support from reintegration programmes to ensure that the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be sustainable and in alignment with other national and local plans.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":378, "Sentence":"In addition, the use of technical working groups, donor forums, and rapid response modalities shall be used to further integrate efforts in the area of reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace addition use technical working group donor forum rapid response modality shall used integrate effort area reintegration support ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.9 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Therefore, reintegration programmes shall be designed through an inclusive participatory process involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, community representatives, local and national authorities, and non-governmental actors in planning and decision-making from the earliest stages. Buy-in from key members of armed forces and groups shall be a priority of the reintegration programme, and shall be achieved in collaboration with the national Government and other key stakeholders in accordance with UN principles and mandates.Reintegration both influences and is affected by wider recovery, peacebuilding and state transformational processes. Therefore, reintegration programmes shall work collaboratively with other programmes and stakeholders in order to achieve policy coherence, sectoral programme integration, and UN inter-agency cooperation and coordination throughout design and implementation. In addition, the use of technical working groups, donor forums, and rapid response modalities shall be used to further integrate efforts in the area of reintegration support. Relevant line ministries shall also receive appropriate support from reintegration programmes to ensure that the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be sustainable and in alignment with other national and local plans.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":378, "Sentence":"Relevant line ministries shall also receive appropriate support from reintegration programmes to ensure that the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be sustainable and in alignment with other national and local plans.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace relevant line ministry shall also receive appropriate support reintegration programme ensure reintegration excombatants person formerly associated armed force group sustainable alignment national local plan ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.10 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In some contexts there may be regional dimensions to reintegration support, such as cross-border flows of small arms and light weapons (SALW); trafficking in natural resources as a source of revenue; cross-border recruitment, including of children; and the repatriation and reintegration of foreign ex-combatants in their countries of origin. The design of a reintegration programme shall therefore consider the regional level in addition to the individual, community and national levels (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":379, "Sentence":"In some contexts there may be regional dimensions to reintegration support, such as cross-border flows of small arms and light weapons (SALW); trafficking in natural resources as a source of revenue; cross-border recruitment, including of children; and the repatriation and reintegration of foreign ex-combatants in their countries of origin.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace context may regional dimension reintegration support crossborder flow small arm light weapon salw trafficking natural resource source revenue crossborder recruitment including child repatriation reintegration foreign excombatants country origin ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.10 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In some contexts there may be regional dimensions to reintegration support, such as cross-border flows of small arms and light weapons (SALW); trafficking in natural resources as a source of revenue; cross-border recruitment, including of children; and the repatriation and reintegration of foreign ex-combatants in their countries of origin. The design of a reintegration programme shall therefore consider the regional level in addition to the individual, community and national levels (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":379, "Sentence":"The design of a reintegration programme shall therefore consider the regional level in addition to the individual, community and national levels (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace design reintegration programme shall therefore consider regional level addition individual community national level see iddrs 5.40 crossborder population movement ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.11 Well planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Planning should consider that the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process, in some contexts taking several years to be successfully and sustainably completed with family support at the community level. A well-planned reintegration programme shall be based on a comprehensive understanding of the type of armed force and\/or group(s) to which the individual belonged, the duration of his or her membership with the armed force and\/or armed group(s), as well as the local context and community dynamics. Furthermore, a well-planned reintegration programme requires clear agreement among all stakeholders on the objectives and results of the programme, the establishment of realistic time frames, clear budgetary requirements and human resource needs, and a clearly defined exit strategy.Planning shall be based on existing assessments that include conflict and development analyses, gender analyses, early recovery and\/or post-conflict needs assessments, and reintegration-specific assessments. Those involved in the design and negotiation of reintegration support with Government and other relevant stakeholders shall ensure that a results-based monitoring and evaluation framework is developed during the planning phase and that sufficient resources and expertise are allocated for this task at the outset.A well-planned reintegration programme shall assess and respond to the needs of its participants and beneficiaries through gender-specific planning. Planning shall be done in close collaboration with related programmes and initiatives. Although long-term planning is required, it shall still allow for a degree of flexibility (see section 3.6). Those involved in planning for reintegration support shall work in an integrated manner with those planning disarmament and demobilization in order to ensure smooth transitions. DDR practitioners shall not make promises regarding reintegration support during disarmament and demobilization that cannot be delivered upon.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":380, "Sentence":"Planning should consider that the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process, in some contexts taking several years to be successfully and sustainably completed with family support at the community level.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace planning consider reintegration excombatants person formerly associated armed force group longterm process context taking several year successfully sustainably completed family support community level ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.11 Well planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Planning should consider that the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process, in some contexts taking several years to be successfully and sustainably completed with family support at the community level. A well-planned reintegration programme shall be based on a comprehensive understanding of the type of armed force and\/or group(s) to which the individual belonged, the duration of his or her membership with the armed force and\/or armed group(s), as well as the local context and community dynamics. Furthermore, a well-planned reintegration programme requires clear agreement among all stakeholders on the objectives and results of the programme, the establishment of realistic time frames, clear budgetary requirements and human resource needs, and a clearly defined exit strategy.Planning shall be based on existing assessments that include conflict and development analyses, gender analyses, early recovery and\/or post-conflict needs assessments, and reintegration-specific assessments. Those involved in the design and negotiation of reintegration support with Government and other relevant stakeholders shall ensure that a results-based monitoring and evaluation framework is developed during the planning phase and that sufficient resources and expertise are allocated for this task at the outset.A well-planned reintegration programme shall assess and respond to the needs of its participants and beneficiaries through gender-specific planning. Planning shall be done in close collaboration with related programmes and initiatives. Although long-term planning is required, it shall still allow for a degree of flexibility (see section 3.6). Those involved in planning for reintegration support shall work in an integrated manner with those planning disarmament and demobilization in order to ensure smooth transitions. DDR practitioners shall not make promises regarding reintegration support during disarmament and demobilization that cannot be delivered upon.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":380, "Sentence":"A well-planned reintegration programme shall be based on a comprehensive understanding of the type of armed force and\/or group(s) to which the individual belonged, the duration of his or her membership with the armed force and\/or armed group(s), as well as the local context and community dynamics.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace wellplanned reintegration programme shall based comprehensive understanding type armed force and\/or group individual belonged duration membership armed force and\/or armed group well local context community dynamic ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.11 Well planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Planning should consider that the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process, in some contexts taking several years to be successfully and sustainably completed with family support at the community level. A well-planned reintegration programme shall be based on a comprehensive understanding of the type of armed force and\/or group(s) to which the individual belonged, the duration of his or her membership with the armed force and\/or armed group(s), as well as the local context and community dynamics. Furthermore, a well-planned reintegration programme requires clear agreement among all stakeholders on the objectives and results of the programme, the establishment of realistic time frames, clear budgetary requirements and human resource needs, and a clearly defined exit strategy.Planning shall be based on existing assessments that include conflict and development analyses, gender analyses, early recovery and\/or post-conflict needs assessments, and reintegration-specific assessments. Those involved in the design and negotiation of reintegration support with Government and other relevant stakeholders shall ensure that a results-based monitoring and evaluation framework is developed during the planning phase and that sufficient resources and expertise are allocated for this task at the outset.A well-planned reintegration programme shall assess and respond to the needs of its participants and beneficiaries through gender-specific planning. Planning shall be done in close collaboration with related programmes and initiatives. Although long-term planning is required, it shall still allow for a degree of flexibility (see section 3.6). Those involved in planning for reintegration support shall work in an integrated manner with those planning disarmament and demobilization in order to ensure smooth transitions. DDR practitioners shall not make promises regarding reintegration support during disarmament and demobilization that cannot be delivered upon.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":380, "Sentence":"Furthermore, a well-planned reintegration programme requires clear agreement among all stakeholders on the objectives and results of the programme, the establishment of realistic time frames, clear budgetary requirements and human resource needs, and a clearly defined exit strategy.Planning shall be based on existing assessments that include conflict and development analyses, gender analyses, early recovery and\/or post-conflict needs assessments, and reintegration-specific assessments.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace furthermore wellplanned reintegration programme requires clear agreement among stakeholder objective result programme establishment realistic time frame clear budgetary requirement human resource need clearly defined exit strategy.planning shall based existing assessment include conflict development analysis gender analysis early recovery and\/or postconflict need assessment reintegrationspecific assessment ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.11 Well planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Planning should consider that the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process, in some contexts taking several years to be successfully and sustainably completed with family support at the community level. A well-planned reintegration programme shall be based on a comprehensive understanding of the type of armed force and\/or group(s) to which the individual belonged, the duration of his or her membership with the armed force and\/or armed group(s), as well as the local context and community dynamics. Furthermore, a well-planned reintegration programme requires clear agreement among all stakeholders on the objectives and results of the programme, the establishment of realistic time frames, clear budgetary requirements and human resource needs, and a clearly defined exit strategy.Planning shall be based on existing assessments that include conflict and development analyses, gender analyses, early recovery and\/or post-conflict needs assessments, and reintegration-specific assessments. Those involved in the design and negotiation of reintegration support with Government and other relevant stakeholders shall ensure that a results-based monitoring and evaluation framework is developed during the planning phase and that sufficient resources and expertise are allocated for this task at the outset.A well-planned reintegration programme shall assess and respond to the needs of its participants and beneficiaries through gender-specific planning. Planning shall be done in close collaboration with related programmes and initiatives. Although long-term planning is required, it shall still allow for a degree of flexibility (see section 3.6). Those involved in planning for reintegration support shall work in an integrated manner with those planning disarmament and demobilization in order to ensure smooth transitions. DDR practitioners shall not make promises regarding reintegration support during disarmament and demobilization that cannot be delivered upon.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":380, "Sentence":"Those involved in the design and negotiation of reintegration support with Government and other relevant stakeholders shall ensure that a results-based monitoring and evaluation framework is developed during the planning phase and that sufficient resources and expertise are allocated for this task at the outset.A well-planned reintegration programme shall assess and respond to the needs of its participants and beneficiaries through gender-specific planning.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace involved design negotiation reintegration support government relevant stakeholder shall ensure resultsbased monitoring evaluation framework developed planning phase sufficient resource expertise allocated task outset.a wellplanned reintegration programme shall ass respond need participant beneficiary genderspecific planning ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.11 Well planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Planning should consider that the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process, in some contexts taking several years to be successfully and sustainably completed with family support at the community level. A well-planned reintegration programme shall be based on a comprehensive understanding of the type of armed force and\/or group(s) to which the individual belonged, the duration of his or her membership with the armed force and\/or armed group(s), as well as the local context and community dynamics. Furthermore, a well-planned reintegration programme requires clear agreement among all stakeholders on the objectives and results of the programme, the establishment of realistic time frames, clear budgetary requirements and human resource needs, and a clearly defined exit strategy.Planning shall be based on existing assessments that include conflict and development analyses, gender analyses, early recovery and\/or post-conflict needs assessments, and reintegration-specific assessments. Those involved in the design and negotiation of reintegration support with Government and other relevant stakeholders shall ensure that a results-based monitoring and evaluation framework is developed during the planning phase and that sufficient resources and expertise are allocated for this task at the outset.A well-planned reintegration programme shall assess and respond to the needs of its participants and beneficiaries through gender-specific planning. Planning shall be done in close collaboration with related programmes and initiatives. Although long-term planning is required, it shall still allow for a degree of flexibility (see section 3.6). Those involved in planning for reintegration support shall work in an integrated manner with those planning disarmament and demobilization in order to ensure smooth transitions. DDR practitioners shall not make promises regarding reintegration support during disarmament and demobilization that cannot be delivered upon.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":380, "Sentence":"Planning shall be done in close collaboration with related programmes and initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace planning shall done close collaboration related programme initiative ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.11 Well planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Planning should consider that the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process, in some contexts taking several years to be successfully and sustainably completed with family support at the community level. A well-planned reintegration programme shall be based on a comprehensive understanding of the type of armed force and\/or group(s) to which the individual belonged, the duration of his or her membership with the armed force and\/or armed group(s), as well as the local context and community dynamics. Furthermore, a well-planned reintegration programme requires clear agreement among all stakeholders on the objectives and results of the programme, the establishment of realistic time frames, clear budgetary requirements and human resource needs, and a clearly defined exit strategy.Planning shall be based on existing assessments that include conflict and development analyses, gender analyses, early recovery and\/or post-conflict needs assessments, and reintegration-specific assessments. Those involved in the design and negotiation of reintegration support with Government and other relevant stakeholders shall ensure that a results-based monitoring and evaluation framework is developed during the planning phase and that sufficient resources and expertise are allocated for this task at the outset.A well-planned reintegration programme shall assess and respond to the needs of its participants and beneficiaries through gender-specific planning. Planning shall be done in close collaboration with related programmes and initiatives. Although long-term planning is required, it shall still allow for a degree of flexibility (see section 3.6). Those involved in planning for reintegration support shall work in an integrated manner with those planning disarmament and demobilization in order to ensure smooth transitions. DDR practitioners shall not make promises regarding reintegration support during disarmament and demobilization that cannot be delivered upon.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":380, "Sentence":"Although long-term planning is required, it shall still allow for a degree of flexibility (see section 3.6).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace although longterm planning required shall still allow degree flexibility see section 3.6 ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.11 Well planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Planning should consider that the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process, in some contexts taking several years to be successfully and sustainably completed with family support at the community level. A well-planned reintegration programme shall be based on a comprehensive understanding of the type of armed force and\/or group(s) to which the individual belonged, the duration of his or her membership with the armed force and\/or armed group(s), as well as the local context and community dynamics. Furthermore, a well-planned reintegration programme requires clear agreement among all stakeholders on the objectives and results of the programme, the establishment of realistic time frames, clear budgetary requirements and human resource needs, and a clearly defined exit strategy.Planning shall be based on existing assessments that include conflict and development analyses, gender analyses, early recovery and\/or post-conflict needs assessments, and reintegration-specific assessments. Those involved in the design and negotiation of reintegration support with Government and other relevant stakeholders shall ensure that a results-based monitoring and evaluation framework is developed during the planning phase and that sufficient resources and expertise are allocated for this task at the outset.A well-planned reintegration programme shall assess and respond to the needs of its participants and beneficiaries through gender-specific planning. Planning shall be done in close collaboration with related programmes and initiatives. Although long-term planning is required, it shall still allow for a degree of flexibility (see section 3.6). Those involved in planning for reintegration support shall work in an integrated manner with those planning disarmament and demobilization in order to ensure smooth transitions. DDR practitioners shall not make promises regarding reintegration support during disarmament and demobilization that cannot be delivered upon.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":380, "Sentence":"Those involved in planning for reintegration support shall work in an integrated manner with those planning disarmament and demobilization in order to ensure smooth transitions.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace involved planning reintegration support shall work integrated manner planning disarmament demobilization order ensure smooth transition ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"3. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"3.11 Well planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Planning should consider that the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process, in some contexts taking several years to be successfully and sustainably completed with family support at the community level. A well-planned reintegration programme shall be based on a comprehensive understanding of the type of armed force and\/or group(s) to which the individual belonged, the duration of his or her membership with the armed force and\/or armed group(s), as well as the local context and community dynamics. Furthermore, a well-planned reintegration programme requires clear agreement among all stakeholders on the objectives and results of the programme, the establishment of realistic time frames, clear budgetary requirements and human resource needs, and a clearly defined exit strategy.Planning shall be based on existing assessments that include conflict and development analyses, gender analyses, early recovery and\/or post-conflict needs assessments, and reintegration-specific assessments. Those involved in the design and negotiation of reintegration support with Government and other relevant stakeholders shall ensure that a results-based monitoring and evaluation framework is developed during the planning phase and that sufficient resources and expertise are allocated for this task at the outset.A well-planned reintegration programme shall assess and respond to the needs of its participants and beneficiaries through gender-specific planning. Planning shall be done in close collaboration with related programmes and initiatives. Although long-term planning is required, it shall still allow for a degree of flexibility (see section 3.6). Those involved in planning for reintegration support shall work in an integrated manner with those planning disarmament and demobilization in order to ensure smooth transitions. DDR practitioners shall not make promises regarding reintegration support during disarmament and demobilization that cannot be delivered upon.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":380, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall not make promises regarding reintegration support during disarmament and demobilization that cannot be delivered upon.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace ddr practitioner shall make promise regarding reintegration support disarmament demobilization delivered upon ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic, political and security dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being of combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Supporting ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to sustainably reintegrate into civilian life is seen as the most complex part of the DDR process in both mission and non- mission contexts. Ex-combatants and those formerly associated with armed forces and groups find themselves, willingly or not, separated from command structures and support networks. The conflict-affected communities to which these individuals return are often characterized by weakened governance, lack of social cohesion, damaged economies and insecurity. In some instances, individuals may re-enter societies and communities that are unfamiliar to them, and which have been significantly affected by extended periods of conflict. The acceptance of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups by receiving communities is essential and is linked to perceptions of fair treatment, including towards victims, ex-combatants and other conflict-affected groups.Reintegration support can be provided to address different elements of the reintegration process, ranging from socioeconomic challenges to the psychosocial aspects of reintegration. Support can also be provided in order to mitigate destabilizing factors, such as social exclusion and stigmatization, the harmful use of alcohol and drugs and other physical and psychosocial trauma, political disenfranchisement and insecurity. A robust and evidence-based theory of change should underpin the contribution of reintegration support to the overall reduction of armed violence sought by Sustainable Development Goal 16. This will allow those working on reintegration support, across different institutions and with different programming approaches, to identify the collective outcomes that reintegration programmes are aiming to achieve. The various types of reintegration support and the different modalities of its provision are outlined in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. It should be noted, however, that the support provided by a reintegration programme should not be expected to match the breadth, depth or duration of individual reintegration processes, nor the longer-term recovery and development process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":381, "Sentence":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic, political and security dimensions.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration excombatants person formerly associated armed force group longterm process social economic political security dimension ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic, political and security dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being of combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Supporting ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to sustainably reintegrate into civilian life is seen as the most complex part of the DDR process in both mission and non- mission contexts. Ex-combatants and those formerly associated with armed forces and groups find themselves, willingly or not, separated from command structures and support networks. The conflict-affected communities to which these individuals return are often characterized by weakened governance, lack of social cohesion, damaged economies and insecurity. In some instances, individuals may re-enter societies and communities that are unfamiliar to them, and which have been significantly affected by extended periods of conflict. The acceptance of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups by receiving communities is essential and is linked to perceptions of fair treatment, including towards victims, ex-combatants and other conflict-affected groups.Reintegration support can be provided to address different elements of the reintegration process, ranging from socioeconomic challenges to the psychosocial aspects of reintegration. Support can also be provided in order to mitigate destabilizing factors, such as social exclusion and stigmatization, the harmful use of alcohol and drugs and other physical and psychosocial trauma, political disenfranchisement and insecurity. A robust and evidence-based theory of change should underpin the contribution of reintegration support to the overall reduction of armed violence sought by Sustainable Development Goal 16. This will allow those working on reintegration support, across different institutions and with different programming approaches, to identify the collective outcomes that reintegration programmes are aiming to achieve. The various types of reintegration support and the different modalities of its provision are outlined in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. It should be noted, however, that the support provided by a reintegration programme should not be expected to match the breadth, depth or duration of individual reintegration processes, nor the longer-term recovery and development process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":381, "Sentence":"It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being of combatants and the wider community.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace may influenced factor choice capacity individual shape new life security situation perception security family support network psychological wellbeing combatant wider community ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic, political and security dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being of combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Supporting ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to sustainably reintegrate into civilian life is seen as the most complex part of the DDR process in both mission and non- mission contexts. Ex-combatants and those formerly associated with armed forces and groups find themselves, willingly or not, separated from command structures and support networks. The conflict-affected communities to which these individuals return are often characterized by weakened governance, lack of social cohesion, damaged economies and insecurity. In some instances, individuals may re-enter societies and communities that are unfamiliar to them, and which have been significantly affected by extended periods of conflict. The acceptance of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups by receiving communities is essential and is linked to perceptions of fair treatment, including towards victims, ex-combatants and other conflict-affected groups.Reintegration support can be provided to address different elements of the reintegration process, ranging from socioeconomic challenges to the psychosocial aspects of reintegration. Support can also be provided in order to mitigate destabilizing factors, such as social exclusion and stigmatization, the harmful use of alcohol and drugs and other physical and psychosocial trauma, political disenfranchisement and insecurity. A robust and evidence-based theory of change should underpin the contribution of reintegration support to the overall reduction of armed violence sought by Sustainable Development Goal 16. This will allow those working on reintegration support, across different institutions and with different programming approaches, to identify the collective outcomes that reintegration programmes are aiming to achieve. The various types of reintegration support and the different modalities of its provision are outlined in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. It should be noted, however, that the support provided by a reintegration programme should not be expected to match the breadth, depth or duration of individual reintegration processes, nor the longer-term recovery and development process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":381, "Sentence":"Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration process part development country ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic, political and security dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being of combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Supporting ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to sustainably reintegrate into civilian life is seen as the most complex part of the DDR process in both mission and non- mission contexts. Ex-combatants and those formerly associated with armed forces and groups find themselves, willingly or not, separated from command structures and support networks. The conflict-affected communities to which these individuals return are often characterized by weakened governance, lack of social cohesion, damaged economies and insecurity. In some instances, individuals may re-enter societies and communities that are unfamiliar to them, and which have been significantly affected by extended periods of conflict. The acceptance of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups by receiving communities is essential and is linked to perceptions of fair treatment, including towards victims, ex-combatants and other conflict-affected groups.Reintegration support can be provided to address different elements of the reintegration process, ranging from socioeconomic challenges to the psychosocial aspects of reintegration. Support can also be provided in order to mitigate destabilizing factors, such as social exclusion and stigmatization, the harmful use of alcohol and drugs and other physical and psychosocial trauma, political disenfranchisement and insecurity. A robust and evidence-based theory of change should underpin the contribution of reintegration support to the overall reduction of armed violence sought by Sustainable Development Goal 16. This will allow those working on reintegration support, across different institutions and with different programming approaches, to identify the collective outcomes that reintegration programmes are aiming to achieve. The various types of reintegration support and the different modalities of its provision are outlined in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. It should be noted, however, that the support provided by a reintegration programme should not be expected to match the breadth, depth or duration of individual reintegration processes, nor the longer-term recovery and development process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":381, "Sentence":"Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Supporting ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to sustainably reintegrate into civilian life is seen as the most complex part of the DDR process in both mission and non- mission contexts.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace facilitating reintegration therefore primarily responsibility national government institution international community playing supporting role requested.supporting excombatants person formerly associated armed force group sustainably reintegrate civilian life seen complex part ddr process mission non mission context ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic, political and security dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being of combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Supporting ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to sustainably reintegrate into civilian life is seen as the most complex part of the DDR process in both mission and non- mission contexts. Ex-combatants and those formerly associated with armed forces and groups find themselves, willingly or not, separated from command structures and support networks. The conflict-affected communities to which these individuals return are often characterized by weakened governance, lack of social cohesion, damaged economies and insecurity. In some instances, individuals may re-enter societies and communities that are unfamiliar to them, and which have been significantly affected by extended periods of conflict. The acceptance of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups by receiving communities is essential and is linked to perceptions of fair treatment, including towards victims, ex-combatants and other conflict-affected groups.Reintegration support can be provided to address different elements of the reintegration process, ranging from socioeconomic challenges to the psychosocial aspects of reintegration. Support can also be provided in order to mitigate destabilizing factors, such as social exclusion and stigmatization, the harmful use of alcohol and drugs and other physical and psychosocial trauma, political disenfranchisement and insecurity. A robust and evidence-based theory of change should underpin the contribution of reintegration support to the overall reduction of armed violence sought by Sustainable Development Goal 16. This will allow those working on reintegration support, across different institutions and with different programming approaches, to identify the collective outcomes that reintegration programmes are aiming to achieve. The various types of reintegration support and the different modalities of its provision are outlined in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. It should be noted, however, that the support provided by a reintegration programme should not be expected to match the breadth, depth or duration of individual reintegration processes, nor the longer-term recovery and development process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":381, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants and those formerly associated with armed forces and groups find themselves, willingly or not, separated from command structures and support networks.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace excombatants formerly associated armed force group find willingly separated command structure support network ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic, political and security dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being of combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Supporting ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to sustainably reintegrate into civilian life is seen as the most complex part of the DDR process in both mission and non- mission contexts. Ex-combatants and those formerly associated with armed forces and groups find themselves, willingly or not, separated from command structures and support networks. The conflict-affected communities to which these individuals return are often characterized by weakened governance, lack of social cohesion, damaged economies and insecurity. In some instances, individuals may re-enter societies and communities that are unfamiliar to them, and which have been significantly affected by extended periods of conflict. The acceptance of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups by receiving communities is essential and is linked to perceptions of fair treatment, including towards victims, ex-combatants and other conflict-affected groups.Reintegration support can be provided to address different elements of the reintegration process, ranging from socioeconomic challenges to the psychosocial aspects of reintegration. Support can also be provided in order to mitigate destabilizing factors, such as social exclusion and stigmatization, the harmful use of alcohol and drugs and other physical and psychosocial trauma, political disenfranchisement and insecurity. A robust and evidence-based theory of change should underpin the contribution of reintegration support to the overall reduction of armed violence sought by Sustainable Development Goal 16. This will allow those working on reintegration support, across different institutions and with different programming approaches, to identify the collective outcomes that reintegration programmes are aiming to achieve. The various types of reintegration support and the different modalities of its provision are outlined in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. It should be noted, however, that the support provided by a reintegration programme should not be expected to match the breadth, depth or duration of individual reintegration processes, nor the longer-term recovery and development process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":381, "Sentence":"The conflict-affected communities to which these individuals return are often characterized by weakened governance, lack of social cohesion, damaged economies and insecurity.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace conflictaffected community individual return often characterized weakened governance lack social cohesion damaged economy insecurity ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic, political and security dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being of combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Supporting ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to sustainably reintegrate into civilian life is seen as the most complex part of the DDR process in both mission and non- mission contexts. Ex-combatants and those formerly associated with armed forces and groups find themselves, willingly or not, separated from command structures and support networks. The conflict-affected communities to which these individuals return are often characterized by weakened governance, lack of social cohesion, damaged economies and insecurity. In some instances, individuals may re-enter societies and communities that are unfamiliar to them, and which have been significantly affected by extended periods of conflict. The acceptance of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups by receiving communities is essential and is linked to perceptions of fair treatment, including towards victims, ex-combatants and other conflict-affected groups.Reintegration support can be provided to address different elements of the reintegration process, ranging from socioeconomic challenges to the psychosocial aspects of reintegration. Support can also be provided in order to mitigate destabilizing factors, such as social exclusion and stigmatization, the harmful use of alcohol and drugs and other physical and psychosocial trauma, political disenfranchisement and insecurity. A robust and evidence-based theory of change should underpin the contribution of reintegration support to the overall reduction of armed violence sought by Sustainable Development Goal 16. This will allow those working on reintegration support, across different institutions and with different programming approaches, to identify the collective outcomes that reintegration programmes are aiming to achieve. The various types of reintegration support and the different modalities of its provision are outlined in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. It should be noted, however, that the support provided by a reintegration programme should not be expected to match the breadth, depth or duration of individual reintegration processes, nor the longer-term recovery and development process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":381, "Sentence":"In some instances, individuals may re-enter societies and communities that are unfamiliar to them, and which have been significantly affected by extended periods of conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace instance individual may reenter society community unfamiliar significantly affected extended period conflict ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic, political and security dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being of combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Supporting ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to sustainably reintegrate into civilian life is seen as the most complex part of the DDR process in both mission and non- mission contexts. Ex-combatants and those formerly associated with armed forces and groups find themselves, willingly or not, separated from command structures and support networks. The conflict-affected communities to which these individuals return are often characterized by weakened governance, lack of social cohesion, damaged economies and insecurity. In some instances, individuals may re-enter societies and communities that are unfamiliar to them, and which have been significantly affected by extended periods of conflict. The acceptance of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups by receiving communities is essential and is linked to perceptions of fair treatment, including towards victims, ex-combatants and other conflict-affected groups.Reintegration support can be provided to address different elements of the reintegration process, ranging from socioeconomic challenges to the psychosocial aspects of reintegration. Support can also be provided in order to mitigate destabilizing factors, such as social exclusion and stigmatization, the harmful use of alcohol and drugs and other physical and psychosocial trauma, political disenfranchisement and insecurity. A robust and evidence-based theory of change should underpin the contribution of reintegration support to the overall reduction of armed violence sought by Sustainable Development Goal 16. This will allow those working on reintegration support, across different institutions and with different programming approaches, to identify the collective outcomes that reintegration programmes are aiming to achieve. The various types of reintegration support and the different modalities of its provision are outlined in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. It should be noted, however, that the support provided by a reintegration programme should not be expected to match the breadth, depth or duration of individual reintegration processes, nor the longer-term recovery and development process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":381, "Sentence":"The acceptance of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups by receiving communities is essential and is linked to perceptions of fair treatment, including towards victims, ex-combatants and other conflict-affected groups.Reintegration support can be provided to address different elements of the reintegration process, ranging from socioeconomic challenges to the psychosocial aspects of reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace acceptance excombatants person formerly associated armed force group receiving community essential linked perception fair treatment including towards victim excombatants conflictaffected groups.reintegration support provided address different element reintegration process ranging socioeconomic challenge psychosocial aspect reintegration ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic, political and security dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being of combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Supporting ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to sustainably reintegrate into civilian life is seen as the most complex part of the DDR process in both mission and non- mission contexts. Ex-combatants and those formerly associated with armed forces and groups find themselves, willingly or not, separated from command structures and support networks. The conflict-affected communities to which these individuals return are often characterized by weakened governance, lack of social cohesion, damaged economies and insecurity. In some instances, individuals may re-enter societies and communities that are unfamiliar to them, and which have been significantly affected by extended periods of conflict. The acceptance of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups by receiving communities is essential and is linked to perceptions of fair treatment, including towards victims, ex-combatants and other conflict-affected groups.Reintegration support can be provided to address different elements of the reintegration process, ranging from socioeconomic challenges to the psychosocial aspects of reintegration. Support can also be provided in order to mitigate destabilizing factors, such as social exclusion and stigmatization, the harmful use of alcohol and drugs and other physical and psychosocial trauma, political disenfranchisement and insecurity. A robust and evidence-based theory of change should underpin the contribution of reintegration support to the overall reduction of armed violence sought by Sustainable Development Goal 16. This will allow those working on reintegration support, across different institutions and with different programming approaches, to identify the collective outcomes that reintegration programmes are aiming to achieve. The various types of reintegration support and the different modalities of its provision are outlined in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. It should be noted, however, that the support provided by a reintegration programme should not be expected to match the breadth, depth or duration of individual reintegration processes, nor the longer-term recovery and development process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":381, "Sentence":"Support can also be provided in order to mitigate destabilizing factors, such as social exclusion and stigmatization, the harmful use of alcohol and drugs and other physical and psychosocial trauma, political disenfranchisement and insecurity.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace support also provided order mitigate destabilizing factor social exclusion stigmatization harmful use alcohol drug physical psychosocial trauma political disenfranchisement insecurity ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic, political and security dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being of combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Supporting ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to sustainably reintegrate into civilian life is seen as the most complex part of the DDR process in both mission and non- mission contexts. Ex-combatants and those formerly associated with armed forces and groups find themselves, willingly or not, separated from command structures and support networks. The conflict-affected communities to which these individuals return are often characterized by weakened governance, lack of social cohesion, damaged economies and insecurity. In some instances, individuals may re-enter societies and communities that are unfamiliar to them, and which have been significantly affected by extended periods of conflict. The acceptance of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups by receiving communities is essential and is linked to perceptions of fair treatment, including towards victims, ex-combatants and other conflict-affected groups.Reintegration support can be provided to address different elements of the reintegration process, ranging from socioeconomic challenges to the psychosocial aspects of reintegration. Support can also be provided in order to mitigate destabilizing factors, such as social exclusion and stigmatization, the harmful use of alcohol and drugs and other physical and psychosocial trauma, political disenfranchisement and insecurity. A robust and evidence-based theory of change should underpin the contribution of reintegration support to the overall reduction of armed violence sought by Sustainable Development Goal 16. This will allow those working on reintegration support, across different institutions and with different programming approaches, to identify the collective outcomes that reintegration programmes are aiming to achieve. The various types of reintegration support and the different modalities of its provision are outlined in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. It should be noted, however, that the support provided by a reintegration programme should not be expected to match the breadth, depth or duration of individual reintegration processes, nor the longer-term recovery and development process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":381, "Sentence":"A robust and evidence-based theory of change should underpin the contribution of reintegration support to the overall reduction of armed violence sought by Sustainable Development Goal 16.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace robust evidencebased theory change underpin contribution reintegration support overall reduction armed violence sought sustainable development goal 16 ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic, political and security dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being of combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Supporting ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to sustainably reintegrate into civilian life is seen as the most complex part of the DDR process in both mission and non- mission contexts. Ex-combatants and those formerly associated with armed forces and groups find themselves, willingly or not, separated from command structures and support networks. The conflict-affected communities to which these individuals return are often characterized by weakened governance, lack of social cohesion, damaged economies and insecurity. In some instances, individuals may re-enter societies and communities that are unfamiliar to them, and which have been significantly affected by extended periods of conflict. The acceptance of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups by receiving communities is essential and is linked to perceptions of fair treatment, including towards victims, ex-combatants and other conflict-affected groups.Reintegration support can be provided to address different elements of the reintegration process, ranging from socioeconomic challenges to the psychosocial aspects of reintegration. Support can also be provided in order to mitigate destabilizing factors, such as social exclusion and stigmatization, the harmful use of alcohol and drugs and other physical and psychosocial trauma, political disenfranchisement and insecurity. A robust and evidence-based theory of change should underpin the contribution of reintegration support to the overall reduction of armed violence sought by Sustainable Development Goal 16. This will allow those working on reintegration support, across different institutions and with different programming approaches, to identify the collective outcomes that reintegration programmes are aiming to achieve. The various types of reintegration support and the different modalities of its provision are outlined in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. It should be noted, however, that the support provided by a reintegration programme should not be expected to match the breadth, depth or duration of individual reintegration processes, nor the longer-term recovery and development process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":381, "Sentence":"This will allow those working on reintegration support, across different institutions and with different programming approaches, to identify the collective outcomes that reintegration programmes are aiming to achieve.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace allow working reintegration support across different institution different programming approach identify collective outcome reintegration programme aiming achieve ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic, political and security dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being of combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Supporting ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to sustainably reintegrate into civilian life is seen as the most complex part of the DDR process in both mission and non- mission contexts. Ex-combatants and those formerly associated with armed forces and groups find themselves, willingly or not, separated from command structures and support networks. The conflict-affected communities to which these individuals return are often characterized by weakened governance, lack of social cohesion, damaged economies and insecurity. In some instances, individuals may re-enter societies and communities that are unfamiliar to them, and which have been significantly affected by extended periods of conflict. The acceptance of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups by receiving communities is essential and is linked to perceptions of fair treatment, including towards victims, ex-combatants and other conflict-affected groups.Reintegration support can be provided to address different elements of the reintegration process, ranging from socioeconomic challenges to the psychosocial aspects of reintegration. Support can also be provided in order to mitigate destabilizing factors, such as social exclusion and stigmatization, the harmful use of alcohol and drugs and other physical and psychosocial trauma, political disenfranchisement and insecurity. A robust and evidence-based theory of change should underpin the contribution of reintegration support to the overall reduction of armed violence sought by Sustainable Development Goal 16. This will allow those working on reintegration support, across different institutions and with different programming approaches, to identify the collective outcomes that reintegration programmes are aiming to achieve. The various types of reintegration support and the different modalities of its provision are outlined in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. It should be noted, however, that the support provided by a reintegration programme should not be expected to match the breadth, depth or duration of individual reintegration processes, nor the longer-term recovery and development process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":381, "Sentence":"The various types of reintegration support and the different modalities of its provision are outlined in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace various type reintegration support different modality provision outlined iddrs 4.30 reintegration ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is a long-term process with social, economic, political and security dimensions. It may be influenced by factors such as the choices and capacities of individuals to shape a new life, the security situation and perceptions of security, family and support networks, and the psychological well-being of combatants and the wider community. Reintegration processes are part of the development of a country. Facilitating reintegration is therefore primarily the responsibility of national Governments and their institutions, with the international community playing a supporting role if requested.Supporting ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to sustainably reintegrate into civilian life is seen as the most complex part of the DDR process in both mission and non- mission contexts. Ex-combatants and those formerly associated with armed forces and groups find themselves, willingly or not, separated from command structures and support networks. The conflict-affected communities to which these individuals return are often characterized by weakened governance, lack of social cohesion, damaged economies and insecurity. In some instances, individuals may re-enter societies and communities that are unfamiliar to them, and which have been significantly affected by extended periods of conflict. The acceptance of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups by receiving communities is essential and is linked to perceptions of fair treatment, including towards victims, ex-combatants and other conflict-affected groups.Reintegration support can be provided to address different elements of the reintegration process, ranging from socioeconomic challenges to the psychosocial aspects of reintegration. Support can also be provided in order to mitigate destabilizing factors, such as social exclusion and stigmatization, the harmful use of alcohol and drugs and other physical and psychosocial trauma, political disenfranchisement and insecurity. A robust and evidence-based theory of change should underpin the contribution of reintegration support to the overall reduction of armed violence sought by Sustainable Development Goal 16. This will allow those working on reintegration support, across different institutions and with different programming approaches, to identify the collective outcomes that reintegration programmes are aiming to achieve. The various types of reintegration support and the different modalities of its provision are outlined in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. It should be noted, however, that the support provided by a reintegration programme should not be expected to match the breadth, depth or duration of individual reintegration processes, nor the longer-term recovery and development process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":381, "Sentence":"It should be noted, however, that the support provided by a reintegration programme should not be expected to match the breadth, depth or duration of individual reintegration processes, nor the longer-term recovery and development process.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace noted however support provided reintegration programme expected match breadth depth duration individual reintegration process longerterm recovery development process ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration support play important role sustaining peace even peace agreement yet negotiated signed ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace twin un resolution 2015 peacebuilding architecture review general assembly resolution 70\/262 security council resolution 2282 recognize effort sustain peace necessary stage conflict ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace therefore order support strengthen foundation sustainable peace reintegration excombatants person formerly associated armed force group supported armed conflict ended ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace individual may leave armed force group phase armed conflict need support considered time even absence ddr programme ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace may mean providing support return peaceful area conflictaffected country return peaceful country origin case foreign fighters.as part sustaining peace approach support reintegration designed carried contribute dynamic aim prevent future recruitment ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace regard opportunity seized prevent relapse armed conflict including tackling root cause understanding peace dynamic ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace armed conflict may result combination root cause including exclusion inequality discrimination violation human right including woman \u2019 right ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace challenge fully addressed reintegration support communitybased reintegration support well integrated local national development effort likely contribute addressing root cause conflict contribute sustaining peace ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace also important strengthen still work including residual capacity peace people community draw time conflict ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace sustaining peace seek reclaim concept peace right acknowledging existing capacity peace i.e . structure attitude institution sustain peace strengthened situation conflict even peaceful setting ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace strengthening peace capacity based identification reason individual join armed group combatant leave armed group turn away armed violence.inclusion also important part reintegration support part sustaining peace approach ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace exclusion marginalization including gender inequality key driver violent conflict ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace communityowned led approach reintegration support inclusive integrate gender perspective specifically addressing need woman youth disabled person ethnic minority indigenous group positive impact country \u2019 capacity manage avoid conflict ultimately sustainability peace process ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace empowering voice capacity woman youth planning design reintegration programme contributes addressing conflict driver socioeconomic gender inequality youth disenchantment ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace additionally given nationallevel peace process always possible opportunity leverage reintegration support particularly around social cohesion local peace processesbetween group community sought local governance initiative participatory budgeting planning.the un \u2019 sustaining peace approach call breaking operational silo ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace joint analysis planning management ongoing programme help ensure sustainability collectively defined reintegration outcome ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace process also serf entry point innovative partnership contextually anchored flexible approach needed ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace effective reintegration support part sustaining peace essential draw capacity across beyond un system support local national authority ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace ddr practitioner others involved developing managing support recognize community authority may frontline responder lay foundation peace development ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace innovative financing source partnership sought funding partner pay particular attention increasing restructuring prioritizing financing reintegration support.in light reintegration support part sustaining peace focus n enhancement capacity peace ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"\\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n adoption clear definition reintegration outcome within humanitarian developmentpeace nexus recognizing strong interconnectedness among three pillar ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"\\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n effort actively break institutional silo eliminating fragmentation contributing comprehensive coordinated coherent ddr process ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"\\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n application gender lens reintegration support ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace rationale men woman boy girl differentiated need aspiration capacity contribution ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"\\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n importance strengthening resilience reintegration support ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace individual community country region lay foundation resilience stress shock associated insecure environment development local national development plan including national action plan un security council resolution 1325 ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"\\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n consistent implementation monitoring evaluation across phase peace continuum focus crosssectoral approach emphasize collective programming outcome ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"\\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n development innovative partnership achieve reintegration part sustaining peace based wholeofgovernment wholeofsociety approach involving excombatants person formerly associated armed force group family well receiving community ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"\\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n engagement private sector creation economic opportunity fostering capacity local small mediumsized enterprise well involving international private sector investment reintegration opportunity appropriate.for reintegration programme play role sustaining peace effectively ddr practitioner others involved planning implementation reintegration support ensure n shared understanding driver specific conflict well risk faced individual reintegrating receiving community country n conduct joint analysis monitoring evaluation allowing development strategic approach strengthen peace resilience n align woman peace security agenda ensuring gender consideration front centre reintegration support n shared understanding importance youth effort towards peace security foster collective ownership local authority stakeholder anchored local national development plan \u2013 international community shall play supporting role avoid creating parallel structure n create longterm partnership necessary sustaining peace development local institutional capacity adaptive programming responsive context adequate human financial resources.additionally part conflict prevention peacebuilding agenda reintegration process linked deliberately development programming ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace instance 2030 agenda sustainable development provides universal multistakeholder multisector set goal adopted un member state 2015 ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace agenda includes 17 sustainable development goal sdgs covering poverty food security education health care justice peace strategy policy plan developed national level progress measured ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"4. Reintegration as part of sustaining peace", "Heading2":"4.1 The Sustaining Peace Approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can play an important role in sustaining peace, even when a peace agreement has not yet been negotiated or signed. The twin UN resolutions on the 2015 peacebuilding architecture review, General Assembly resolution 70\/262 and Security Council resolution 2282, recognize that efforts to sustain peace are necessary at all stages of conflict. Therefore, in order to support, and strengthen, the foundation for sustainable peace, the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should not only be supported after an armed conflict has ended. As individuals may leave armed forces and groups during all phases of armed conflict, the need to support them should be considered at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. This may mean providing support to those who return to peaceful areas of the conflict-affected country, and to those who return to peaceful countries of origin, in the case of foreign fighters.As part of the sustaining peace approach, support to reintegration should be designed and carried out to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into armed conflict, including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Armed conflict may be the result of a combination of root causes including exclusion, inequality, discrimination and other violations of human rights, including women\u2019s rights. While these challenges cannot be fully addressed through reintegration support, community-based reintegration support that is well integrated into local and national development efforts is likely to contribute to addressing the root causes of conflict and, as such, contribute to sustaining peace. It is also important to strengthen what still works, including the residual capacities for peace that people and communities draw on in times of conflict. Sustaining peace seeks to reclaim the concept of peace in its own right, by acknowledging that the existing capacities for peace, i.e., the structures, attitudes and institutions that sustain peace, should be strengthened not only in situations of conflict, but even in peaceful settings. This strengthening of peace capacities can be based on the identification of the reasons why some individuals do not join armed groups, and why some combatants leave armed groups and turn away from armed violence.Inclusion is also an important part of reintegration support as part of the sustaining peace approach. Exclusion and marginalization, including gender inequalities, are key drivers of violent conflict. Community-owned and -led approaches to reintegration support that are inclusive and integrate a gender perspective, specifically addressing the needs of women, youth, disabled persons, ethnic minorities and indigenous groups have a positive impact on a country\u2019s capacity to manage and avoid conflict, and ultimately on the sustainability of peace processes. Empowering the voices and capacities of women and youth in the planning and design of reintegration programmes contributes to addressing conflict drivers, socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and youth disenchantment. Additionally, given that national-level peace processes are not always possible, opportunities to leverage reintegration support, particularly around social cohesion through local peace processesbetween groups and communities, can be sought through local governance initiatives, such as participatory budgeting and planning.The UN\u2019s sustaining peace approach calls for the breaking of operational silos. The joint analysis, planning and management of ongoing programmes helps to ensure the sustainability of collectively defined reintegration outcomes. This process also serves as an entry point for innovative partnerships and the contextually anchored flexible approaches that are needed. For effective reintegration support as part of sustaining peace, it is essential to draw on capacities across and beyond the UN system in support of local and national authorities. DDR practitioners and others involved in developing and managing this support should recognize that community authorities may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought, and funding partners should pay particular attention to increasing, restructuring and prioritizing the financing of reintegration support.In light of the above, reintegration support as part of sustaining peace should focus on: \\n The enhancement of capacities for peace. \\n The adoption of a clear definition of reintegration outcomes within the humanitarian- development-peace nexus, recognizing the strong interconnectedness between and among the three pillars. \\n Efforts to actively break out of institutional silos, eliminating fragmentation and contributing to a comprehensive, coordinated and coherent DDR process. \\n The application of a gender lens to all reintegration support. The rationale is that men and women, boys and girls, have differentiated needs, aspirations, capacities and contributions. \\n The importance of strengthening resilience during reintegration support. Individuals, communities, countries and regions lay the foundations for resilience to stresses and shocks associated with insecure environments through the development of local and national development plans, including national action plans on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. \\n The consistent implementation of monitoring and evaluation across all phases of the peace continuum with a focus on cross-sectoral approaches that emphasize collective programming outcomes. \\n The development of innovative partnerships to achieve reintegration as part of sustaining peace, based on whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, involving ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families, as well as receiving communities. \\n The engagement of the private sector in the creation of economic opportunities, fostering capacities of local small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as involving international private- sector investment in reintegration opportunities, where appropriate.For reintegration programmes to play their role in sustaining peace effectively, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support should ensure that they: \\n Have a shared understanding of the drivers of a specific conflict, as well as the risks faced by individuals who are reintegrating and their receiving communities and countries; \\n Conduct joint analysis and monitoring and evaluation allowing for the development of strategic approaches that can strengthen peace and resilience; \\n Align with the women, peace and security agenda, ensuring that gender considerations are front and centre in reintegration support; \\n Have a shared understanding of the importance of youth in all efforts towards peace and security; \\\n Foster collective ownership by local authorities and other stakeholders that is anchored in local and national development plans \u2013 the international community shall play a supporting role and avoid creating parallel structures; \\n Create the long-term partnerships necessary for sustaining peace through the development of local institutional capacity, adaptive programming that is responsive to the context, and adequate human and financial resources.Additionally, as part of the conflict prevention and peacebuilding agenda, reintegration processes should be linked more deliberately with development programming. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a universal, multi-stakeholder, multi-sector set of goals adopted by all UN Member States in 2015. The Agenda includes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) covering poverty, food security, education, health care, justice and peace for which strategies, policies and plans should be developed at the national level and against which progress should be measured. The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":382, "Sentence":"The human and economic cost of armed conflict globally requires all stakeholders to work collaboratively in supporting Member States to achieve the SDGs; with all those concerned with development providing support to prevention agendas through targeted and sustained engagement at the national and regional levels.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace human economic cost armed conflict globally requires stakeholder work collaboratively supporting member state achieve sdgs concerned development providing support prevention agenda targeted sustained engagement national regional level ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace effort support transition excombatants person formerly associated armed force group civilian life typically taken place part postconflict ddr programme ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace ddr programme often \u2018 collective \u2019 address group combatant person associated armed force group formal controlled programme often part implementation cpa.increasingly un called upon address security challenge arise situation comprehensive political settlement lacking precondition ddr programme present ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace conflict ongoing exit armed group often individual take different form ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace captured voluntarily leave armed group likely fall custody authority regular armed force law enforcement official ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace context however leaving armed group may find way back community without falling custody authority ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace often case female excombatants woman formerly associated armed force group escape \u2018 invisibly \u2019 may difficult identify reach support ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace communitybased reintegration programme aiming support groupsshould based credible information verified agreedupon mechanism includes key actor ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace local peace development committee may play important role prioritizing identifying women.in addition context precondition ddr programme place ddrrelated tool community violence reduction cvr transitional weapon ammunition management wam used along support mediation transitional security measure see iddrs 2.20 politics ddr iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammunition management ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace appropriate early element reintegration support part cvr programming different type employment livelihood support improvement capacity vulnerable community absorb returning excombatants investment public good designed strengthen social cohesion community ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration part sustaining peace approach integral part ddr programme ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace also follows security sector reform ssr armed force police rightsized complement ddrrelated tool cvr sustainable measure provided person formerly associated armed group designated terrorist organization united nation security council.the increased complexity political socioeconomic setting reintegration support provided necessarily imply support provided must also become complicated ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace ddr practitioner others involved planning managing funding support programme knowledgeable context dynamic also able prioritize critical element response ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace addition prioritization effective support requires reliable dedicated funding priority activity ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace may also important lower often inflated expectation realistic reintegration support deliver.support reintegration part sustaining peace requires analysis intended unintended outcome precipitated engagement dynamic conflictaffected environment ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace ddr practitioner involved provision reintegration support understand engagement context implication social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive negative \u2013 harm fact good ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace order support humanitariandevelopmentpeace nexus reintegration programme coordination extend broader programme actor ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace also recognized risk harm greater ongoing conflict context demand greater coordination among existing planned programme avoid possibility may negatively affect other.depending context conflict analysis developed ddr practitioner others involved planning implementation reintegration support may determine potential unintended consequence working excombatants person formerly associated armed force group perceived injustice supporting perpetrated violence others affected conflict may feel inadequately supported ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"This should be avoided.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace avoided ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"One option is community-based approaches.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace one option communitybased approach ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace stigmatization related programme prevent recruitment also avoided ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace participant programme could seen potential become violent perpetrator stigma could particularly harmful youth.in addition programmed support numerous nonprogrammatic factor major impact whether reintegration successful ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace key nonprogrammatic factor n acceptance community\/society n general security situation\/perception security situation n economic environment associated opportunity n availability relevant basic social service n protection land right property rights.in conflict setting nonprogrammatic factor may particularly fluid difficult analyse adapt ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace security situation may allow reintegration support take place area ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace economy may also severely affected ongoing conflict ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace receiving community may also particularly reluctant accept returning excombatants ongoing conflict example constitute security risk community ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace influencing nonprogrammatic factor requires broad structural approach ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace providing enabling environment facilitating access opportunity outside reintegration programme may important reintegration process reintegration support provided programme ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace addition instance important establish practical linkage existing employment creation programme business development service psychosocial mental health support referral system disability support network relevant service ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace implication non programmatic factor could different men woman especially context insecurity high economy depressed ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Efforts to support the transition of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups into civilian life have typically taken place as part of post-conflict DDR programmes. DDR programmes are often \u2018collective\u2019 in that they address groups of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through a formal and controlled programme, often as part of the implementation of a CPA.Increasingly, the UN is called upon to address security challenges that arise from situations where comprehensive political settlements are lacking and the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. When conflict is ongoing, exit from armed groups is often individual and can take different forms. Those who are captured or who voluntarily leave armed groups will likely fall under the custody of authorities, such as the regular armed forces or law enforcement officials. In some contexts, however, those leaving armed groups may find their way back into communities without falling into the custody of authorities. This is often the case for female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups who escape \u2018invisibly\u2019 and who may be difficult to identify and reach for support. Community-based reintegration programmes aiming to support these groupsshould be based on credible information, verified through an agreed-upon mechanism that includes key actors. Local peace and development committees may play an important role in prioritizing and identifying these women.In addition, in contexts where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place, DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction (CVR) and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) have been used along with support to mediation and transitional security measures (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR, IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Where appropriate, early elements of reintegration support can be part of CVR programming, such as different types of employment and livelihoods support, improvement of the capacities of vulnerable communities to absorb returning ex-combatants, and investments in public goods designed to strengthen the social cohesion of communities. Reintegration as part of the sustaining peace approach is not only an integral part of DDR programmes. It also follows security sector reform (SSR) where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council.The increased complexity of the political and socioeconomic settings in which most reintegration support is provided does not necessarily imply that the support provided must also become more complicated. DDR practitioners and others involved in planning, managing and funding the support programme should be knowledgeable about the context and its dynamics, but also be able to prioritize the critical elements of the response. In addition to prioritization, effective support requires reliable and dedicated funding for these priority activities. It may also be important to lower (often inflated) expectations, and be realistic, about what reintegration support can deliver.Support to reintegration as part of sustaining peace requires analysis of the intended and unintended outcomes precipitated by engagement in dynamic, conflict-affected environments. DDR practitioners and all those involved in the provision of reintegration support should understand how engagement in such contexts has implications for social relations\/dynamics \u2013 positive and negative \u2013 so as to do no harm and, in fact, do good. In order to support the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, reintegration programme coordination should extend to broader programmes and actors. It should also be recognized that the risk of doing harm is greater in ongoing conflict contexts, which demand greater coordination among existing, and planned, programmes to avoid the possibility that they may negatively affect each other.Depending on the context and conflict analysis developed, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning and implementation of reintegration support may determine that a potential unintended consequence of working with ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is the perceived injustice in supporting those who perpetrated violence when others affected by the conflict may feel they are inadequately supported. This should be avoided. One option is community-based approaches. Stigmatization related to programmes that prevent recruitment should also be avoided. Participants in these programmes could be seen as having the potential to become violent perpetrators, a stigma that could be particularly harmful to youth.In addition to programmed support, there are numerous non-programmatic factors that can have a major impact on whether or not reintegration is successful. Some of the key non-programmatic factors are: \\n Acceptance in the community\/society; \\n The general security situation\/perception of the security situation; \\n The economic environment and associated opportunities; \\n The availability of relevant basic and social services; \\n The protection of land rights and other property rights.In conflict settings these non-programmatic factors may be particularly fluid and difficult to both analyse and adapt to. The security situation may not allow for reintegration support to take place in all areas. The economy may also be severely affected by the ongoing conflict. Receiving communities may also be particularly reluctant to accept returning ex-combatants during ongoing conflict as they can, for example, constitute a security risk to the community. Influencing these non-programmatic factors requires a broad structural approach. Providing an enabling environment and facilitating access to opportunities outside the reintegration programme may be as important for reintegration processes as the reintegration support provided through the programme. In addition, in most instances it is important to establish practical linkages with existing employment creation programmes, business development services, psychosocial and mental health support referral systems, disability support networks and other relevant services. The implications of these non- programmatic factors could be different for men and women, especially in contexts where insecurity is high and the economy is depressed. Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":383, "Sentence":"Social networks and connections between different members and levels of society may provide these groups with the resilience and coping mechanisms necessary to navigate their reintegration process.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace social network connection different member level society may provide group resilience coping mechanism necessary navigate reintegration process ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.1 Resilience as a basis for reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Strengthening resilience is one of the most important aspects of supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity and risk. For ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, it is related to the ability to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced during armed conflict when coping with social and environmental pressures. Resilience also refers to the capacity to withstand the pressure to rejoin a former armed group or to join a new armed group or other type of criminal organization. Community resilience can also be enhanced by reintegration support, such as when this support enhances the capacity of communities to absorb ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well- being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from trauma, including sexual violence, are all factors of resilience. Reintegration support should therefore consider the impact of different resilience and vulnerability factors relevant for reintegration at the individual, family, community and institutional levels (see Figure 1).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":384, "Sentence":"Strengthening resilience is one of the most important aspects of supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace strengthening resilience one important aspect supporting reintegration ongoing conflict ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.1 Resilience as a basis for reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Strengthening resilience is one of the most important aspects of supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity and risk. For ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, it is related to the ability to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced during armed conflict when coping with social and environmental pressures. Resilience also refers to the capacity to withstand the pressure to rejoin a former armed group or to join a new armed group or other type of criminal organization. Community resilience can also be enhanced by reintegration support, such as when this support enhances the capacity of communities to absorb ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well- being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from trauma, including sexual violence, are all factors of resilience. Reintegration support should therefore consider the impact of different resilience and vulnerability factors relevant for reintegration at the individual, family, community and institutional levels (see Figure 1).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":384, "Sentence":"Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity and risk.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace resilience refers ability adapt rebound strengthen functioning face violence extreme adversity risk ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.1 Resilience as a basis for reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Strengthening resilience is one of the most important aspects of supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity and risk. For ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, it is related to the ability to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced during armed conflict when coping with social and environmental pressures. Resilience also refers to the capacity to withstand the pressure to rejoin a former armed group or to join a new armed group or other type of criminal organization. Community resilience can also be enhanced by reintegration support, such as when this support enhances the capacity of communities to absorb ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well- being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from trauma, including sexual violence, are all factors of resilience. Reintegration support should therefore consider the impact of different resilience and vulnerability factors relevant for reintegration at the individual, family, community and institutional levels (see Figure 1).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":384, "Sentence":"For ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, it is related to the ability to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced during armed conflict when coping with social and environmental pressures.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace excombatants person formerly associated armed force group related ability withstand resist overcome violence potentially traumatic event experienced armed conflict coping social environmental pressure ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.1 Resilience as a basis for reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Strengthening resilience is one of the most important aspects of supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity and risk. For ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, it is related to the ability to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced during armed conflict when coping with social and environmental pressures. Resilience also refers to the capacity to withstand the pressure to rejoin a former armed group or to join a new armed group or other type of criminal organization. Community resilience can also be enhanced by reintegration support, such as when this support enhances the capacity of communities to absorb ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well- being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from trauma, including sexual violence, are all factors of resilience. Reintegration support should therefore consider the impact of different resilience and vulnerability factors relevant for reintegration at the individual, family, community and institutional levels (see Figure 1).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":384, "Sentence":"Resilience also refers to the capacity to withstand the pressure to rejoin a former armed group or to join a new armed group or other type of criminal organization.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace resilience also refers capacity withstand pressure rejoin former armed group join new armed group type criminal organization ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.1 Resilience as a basis for reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Strengthening resilience is one of the most important aspects of supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity and risk. For ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, it is related to the ability to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced during armed conflict when coping with social and environmental pressures. Resilience also refers to the capacity to withstand the pressure to rejoin a former armed group or to join a new armed group or other type of criminal organization. Community resilience can also be enhanced by reintegration support, such as when this support enhances the capacity of communities to absorb ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well- being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from trauma, including sexual violence, are all factors of resilience. Reintegration support should therefore consider the impact of different resilience and vulnerability factors relevant for reintegration at the individual, family, community and institutional levels (see Figure 1).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":384, "Sentence":"Community resilience can also be enhanced by reintegration support, such as when this support enhances the capacity of communities to absorb ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well- being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from trauma, including sexual violence, are all factors of resilience.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace community resilience also enhanced reintegration support support enhances capacity community absorb excombatants person formerly associated armed force groups.the acquisition social skill emotional development academic achievement psychological well selfesteem coping mechanism attitude faced stress recovery trauma including sexual violence factor resilience ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.1 Resilience as a basis for reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Strengthening resilience is one of the most important aspects of supporting reintegration during ongoing conflict. Resilience refers to the ability to adapt, rebound and strengthen functioning in the face of violence, extreme adversity and risk. For ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, it is related to the ability to withstand, resist and overcome the violence and potentially traumatic events experienced during armed conflict when coping with social and environmental pressures. Resilience also refers to the capacity to withstand the pressure to rejoin a former armed group or to join a new armed group or other type of criminal organization. Community resilience can also be enhanced by reintegration support, such as when this support enhances the capacity of communities to absorb ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.The acquisition of social skills, emotional development, academic achievement, psychological well- being, self-esteem, coping mechanisms and attitudes when faced with stress and recovery from trauma, including sexual violence, are all factors of resilience. Reintegration support should therefore consider the impact of different resilience and vulnerability factors relevant for reintegration at the individual, family, community and institutional levels (see Figure 1).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":384, "Sentence":"Reintegration support should therefore consider the impact of different resilience and vulnerability factors relevant for reintegration at the individual, family, community and institutional levels (see Figure 1).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration support therefore consider impact different resilience vulnerability factor relevant reintegration individual family community institutional level see figure 1 ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support calls for a twin approach in fostering not only \u2018negative peace\u2019 \u2013 as in mitigation strategies \u2013 but also \u2018positive peace\u2019, by addressing the root causes of armed conflict as they manifest at the local level and strengthening peace capacities at various levels. Understood in this way, reintegration support can contribute to the prevention of armed conflict, helping to address some of the structural issues that create or fuel the risks of conflict escalation and recurrence.For instance, by accounting for aspects related to mental health and psychosocial support, reintegration programmes can assist in building the necessary pillars needed for a \u2018positive peace\u2019 to develop. If these issues are left unaddressed, individuals may turn to negative coping mechanisms. Conflict may also lead to negative social patterns that increase the likelihood of widespread criminality and the victimization of certain groups. These negative patterns may also serve to increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour. The specific needs of women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups also need to be addressed, including preventing and addressing sexual and gender-based violence.Second, while some reintegration support measures focus on education, vocational skills training and income-generating opportunities, they may help to prevent conflict if aligned with and supportive of the absorption capacities of receiving communities. Situated within the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, approaches to reintegration support shall be sensitive to the fact that populations in fragile situations and subjected to protracted conflict experience diverse needs simultaneously \u2013 be they humanitarian, security-related or developmental. As a result, reintegration support may only play an effective role in conflict prevention when these needs are acknowledged and addressed comprehensively. Thus, reintegration programmes can help to prevent conflict only when they account for: \\n The motivations of individuals to engage in and leave armed groups; \\n The criminogenic, or crime-inducing, risks present in the context that may impede sustained reintegration and increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour; \\n Local needs and existing capacities; \\n The strengthened resilience of individuals, families, communities and institutions to cope with adversity and to withstand violence and conflict-related pressures.Linking reintegration programmes to other elements of the DDR process strengthens their conflict prevention potential. Reintegration programmes should to the extent possible be combined and coordinated with mediation efforts, confidence-building measures and broader conflict resolution and peacebuilding.From a conflict sensitivity angle, it is important to note that reintegration support is sometimes provided later than expected, and that actual levels of support are sometimes lower than foreseen, for example, due to slow political processes, logistical constraints and\/or the unavailability (or delay) of financing. It is therefore important to explicitly raise questions about the possible negative impact of waiting for reintegration support on the actual reintegration processes of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The following questions should be raised as soon as the negotiation and planning of reintegration support begins: \\n Is the reintegration support foreseen realistic? \\n Will the reintegration support be able to meet the various expectations? \\n How will the (expected) reintegration support affect the coping strategies of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups? \\n What are potential negative effects of reintegration support on social dynamics, power dynamics and social equity issues? \\n How can expectations and\/or misinformation concerning reintegration support be managed by the relevant Government and UN agencies, for example, through appropriate communication and risk management?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":385, "Sentence":"Reintegration support calls for a twin approach in fostering not only \u2018negative peace\u2019 \u2013 as in mitigation strategies \u2013 but also \u2018positive peace\u2019, by addressing the root causes of armed conflict as they manifest at the local level and strengthening peace capacities at various levels.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration support call twin approach fostering \u2018 negative peace \u2019 \u2013 mitigation strategy \u2013 also \u2018 positive peace \u2019 addressing root cause armed conflict manifest local level strengthening peace capacity various level ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support calls for a twin approach in fostering not only \u2018negative peace\u2019 \u2013 as in mitigation strategies \u2013 but also \u2018positive peace\u2019, by addressing the root causes of armed conflict as they manifest at the local level and strengthening peace capacities at various levels. Understood in this way, reintegration support can contribute to the prevention of armed conflict, helping to address some of the structural issues that create or fuel the risks of conflict escalation and recurrence.For instance, by accounting for aspects related to mental health and psychosocial support, reintegration programmes can assist in building the necessary pillars needed for a \u2018positive peace\u2019 to develop. If these issues are left unaddressed, individuals may turn to negative coping mechanisms. Conflict may also lead to negative social patterns that increase the likelihood of widespread criminality and the victimization of certain groups. These negative patterns may also serve to increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour. The specific needs of women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups also need to be addressed, including preventing and addressing sexual and gender-based violence.Second, while some reintegration support measures focus on education, vocational skills training and income-generating opportunities, they may help to prevent conflict if aligned with and supportive of the absorption capacities of receiving communities. Situated within the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, approaches to reintegration support shall be sensitive to the fact that populations in fragile situations and subjected to protracted conflict experience diverse needs simultaneously \u2013 be they humanitarian, security-related or developmental. As a result, reintegration support may only play an effective role in conflict prevention when these needs are acknowledged and addressed comprehensively. Thus, reintegration programmes can help to prevent conflict only when they account for: \\n The motivations of individuals to engage in and leave armed groups; \\n The criminogenic, or crime-inducing, risks present in the context that may impede sustained reintegration and increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour; \\n Local needs and existing capacities; \\n The strengthened resilience of individuals, families, communities and institutions to cope with adversity and to withstand violence and conflict-related pressures.Linking reintegration programmes to other elements of the DDR process strengthens their conflict prevention potential. Reintegration programmes should to the extent possible be combined and coordinated with mediation efforts, confidence-building measures and broader conflict resolution and peacebuilding.From a conflict sensitivity angle, it is important to note that reintegration support is sometimes provided later than expected, and that actual levels of support are sometimes lower than foreseen, for example, due to slow political processes, logistical constraints and\/or the unavailability (or delay) of financing. It is therefore important to explicitly raise questions about the possible negative impact of waiting for reintegration support on the actual reintegration processes of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The following questions should be raised as soon as the negotiation and planning of reintegration support begins: \\n Is the reintegration support foreseen realistic? \\n Will the reintegration support be able to meet the various expectations? \\n How will the (expected) reintegration support affect the coping strategies of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups? \\n What are potential negative effects of reintegration support on social dynamics, power dynamics and social equity issues? \\n How can expectations and\/or misinformation concerning reintegration support be managed by the relevant Government and UN agencies, for example, through appropriate communication and risk management?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":385, "Sentence":"Understood in this way, reintegration support can contribute to the prevention of armed conflict, helping to address some of the structural issues that create or fuel the risks of conflict escalation and recurrence.For instance, by accounting for aspects related to mental health and psychosocial support, reintegration programmes can assist in building the necessary pillars needed for a \u2018positive peace\u2019 to develop.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace understood way reintegration support contribute prevention armed conflict helping address structural issue create fuel risk conflict escalation recurrence.for instance accounting aspect related mental health psychosocial support reintegration programme assist building necessary pillar needed \u2018 positive peace \u2019 develop ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support calls for a twin approach in fostering not only \u2018negative peace\u2019 \u2013 as in mitigation strategies \u2013 but also \u2018positive peace\u2019, by addressing the root causes of armed conflict as they manifest at the local level and strengthening peace capacities at various levels. Understood in this way, reintegration support can contribute to the prevention of armed conflict, helping to address some of the structural issues that create or fuel the risks of conflict escalation and recurrence.For instance, by accounting for aspects related to mental health and psychosocial support, reintegration programmes can assist in building the necessary pillars needed for a \u2018positive peace\u2019 to develop. If these issues are left unaddressed, individuals may turn to negative coping mechanisms. Conflict may also lead to negative social patterns that increase the likelihood of widespread criminality and the victimization of certain groups. These negative patterns may also serve to increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour. The specific needs of women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups also need to be addressed, including preventing and addressing sexual and gender-based violence.Second, while some reintegration support measures focus on education, vocational skills training and income-generating opportunities, they may help to prevent conflict if aligned with and supportive of the absorption capacities of receiving communities. Situated within the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, approaches to reintegration support shall be sensitive to the fact that populations in fragile situations and subjected to protracted conflict experience diverse needs simultaneously \u2013 be they humanitarian, security-related or developmental. As a result, reintegration support may only play an effective role in conflict prevention when these needs are acknowledged and addressed comprehensively. Thus, reintegration programmes can help to prevent conflict only when they account for: \\n The motivations of individuals to engage in and leave armed groups; \\n The criminogenic, or crime-inducing, risks present in the context that may impede sustained reintegration and increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour; \\n Local needs and existing capacities; \\n The strengthened resilience of individuals, families, communities and institutions to cope with adversity and to withstand violence and conflict-related pressures.Linking reintegration programmes to other elements of the DDR process strengthens their conflict prevention potential. Reintegration programmes should to the extent possible be combined and coordinated with mediation efforts, confidence-building measures and broader conflict resolution and peacebuilding.From a conflict sensitivity angle, it is important to note that reintegration support is sometimes provided later than expected, and that actual levels of support are sometimes lower than foreseen, for example, due to slow political processes, logistical constraints and\/or the unavailability (or delay) of financing. It is therefore important to explicitly raise questions about the possible negative impact of waiting for reintegration support on the actual reintegration processes of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The following questions should be raised as soon as the negotiation and planning of reintegration support begins: \\n Is the reintegration support foreseen realistic? \\n Will the reintegration support be able to meet the various expectations? \\n How will the (expected) reintegration support affect the coping strategies of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups? \\n What are potential negative effects of reintegration support on social dynamics, power dynamics and social equity issues? \\n How can expectations and\/or misinformation concerning reintegration support be managed by the relevant Government and UN agencies, for example, through appropriate communication and risk management?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":385, "Sentence":"If these issues are left unaddressed, individuals may turn to negative coping mechanisms.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace issue left unaddressed individual may turn negative coping mechanism ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support calls for a twin approach in fostering not only \u2018negative peace\u2019 \u2013 as in mitigation strategies \u2013 but also \u2018positive peace\u2019, by addressing the root causes of armed conflict as they manifest at the local level and strengthening peace capacities at various levels. Understood in this way, reintegration support can contribute to the prevention of armed conflict, helping to address some of the structural issues that create or fuel the risks of conflict escalation and recurrence.For instance, by accounting for aspects related to mental health and psychosocial support, reintegration programmes can assist in building the necessary pillars needed for a \u2018positive peace\u2019 to develop. If these issues are left unaddressed, individuals may turn to negative coping mechanisms. Conflict may also lead to negative social patterns that increase the likelihood of widespread criminality and the victimization of certain groups. These negative patterns may also serve to increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour. The specific needs of women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups also need to be addressed, including preventing and addressing sexual and gender-based violence.Second, while some reintegration support measures focus on education, vocational skills training and income-generating opportunities, they may help to prevent conflict if aligned with and supportive of the absorption capacities of receiving communities. Situated within the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, approaches to reintegration support shall be sensitive to the fact that populations in fragile situations and subjected to protracted conflict experience diverse needs simultaneously \u2013 be they humanitarian, security-related or developmental. As a result, reintegration support may only play an effective role in conflict prevention when these needs are acknowledged and addressed comprehensively. Thus, reintegration programmes can help to prevent conflict only when they account for: \\n The motivations of individuals to engage in and leave armed groups; \\n The criminogenic, or crime-inducing, risks present in the context that may impede sustained reintegration and increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour; \\n Local needs and existing capacities; \\n The strengthened resilience of individuals, families, communities and institutions to cope with adversity and to withstand violence and conflict-related pressures.Linking reintegration programmes to other elements of the DDR process strengthens their conflict prevention potential. Reintegration programmes should to the extent possible be combined and coordinated with mediation efforts, confidence-building measures and broader conflict resolution and peacebuilding.From a conflict sensitivity angle, it is important to note that reintegration support is sometimes provided later than expected, and that actual levels of support are sometimes lower than foreseen, for example, due to slow political processes, logistical constraints and\/or the unavailability (or delay) of financing. It is therefore important to explicitly raise questions about the possible negative impact of waiting for reintegration support on the actual reintegration processes of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The following questions should be raised as soon as the negotiation and planning of reintegration support begins: \\n Is the reintegration support foreseen realistic? \\n Will the reintegration support be able to meet the various expectations? \\n How will the (expected) reintegration support affect the coping strategies of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups? \\n What are potential negative effects of reintegration support on social dynamics, power dynamics and social equity issues? \\n How can expectations and\/or misinformation concerning reintegration support be managed by the relevant Government and UN agencies, for example, through appropriate communication and risk management?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":385, "Sentence":"Conflict may also lead to negative social patterns that increase the likelihood of widespread criminality and the victimization of certain groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace conflict may also lead negative social pattern increase likelihood widespread criminality victimization certain group ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support calls for a twin approach in fostering not only \u2018negative peace\u2019 \u2013 as in mitigation strategies \u2013 but also \u2018positive peace\u2019, by addressing the root causes of armed conflict as they manifest at the local level and strengthening peace capacities at various levels. Understood in this way, reintegration support can contribute to the prevention of armed conflict, helping to address some of the structural issues that create or fuel the risks of conflict escalation and recurrence.For instance, by accounting for aspects related to mental health and psychosocial support, reintegration programmes can assist in building the necessary pillars needed for a \u2018positive peace\u2019 to develop. If these issues are left unaddressed, individuals may turn to negative coping mechanisms. Conflict may also lead to negative social patterns that increase the likelihood of widespread criminality and the victimization of certain groups. These negative patterns may also serve to increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour. The specific needs of women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups also need to be addressed, including preventing and addressing sexual and gender-based violence.Second, while some reintegration support measures focus on education, vocational skills training and income-generating opportunities, they may help to prevent conflict if aligned with and supportive of the absorption capacities of receiving communities. Situated within the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, approaches to reintegration support shall be sensitive to the fact that populations in fragile situations and subjected to protracted conflict experience diverse needs simultaneously \u2013 be they humanitarian, security-related or developmental. As a result, reintegration support may only play an effective role in conflict prevention when these needs are acknowledged and addressed comprehensively. Thus, reintegration programmes can help to prevent conflict only when they account for: \\n The motivations of individuals to engage in and leave armed groups; \\n The criminogenic, or crime-inducing, risks present in the context that may impede sustained reintegration and increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour; \\n Local needs and existing capacities; \\n The strengthened resilience of individuals, families, communities and institutions to cope with adversity and to withstand violence and conflict-related pressures.Linking reintegration programmes to other elements of the DDR process strengthens their conflict prevention potential. Reintegration programmes should to the extent possible be combined and coordinated with mediation efforts, confidence-building measures and broader conflict resolution and peacebuilding.From a conflict sensitivity angle, it is important to note that reintegration support is sometimes provided later than expected, and that actual levels of support are sometimes lower than foreseen, for example, due to slow political processes, logistical constraints and\/or the unavailability (or delay) of financing. It is therefore important to explicitly raise questions about the possible negative impact of waiting for reintegration support on the actual reintegration processes of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The following questions should be raised as soon as the negotiation and planning of reintegration support begins: \\n Is the reintegration support foreseen realistic? \\n Will the reintegration support be able to meet the various expectations? \\n How will the (expected) reintegration support affect the coping strategies of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups? \\n What are potential negative effects of reintegration support on social dynamics, power dynamics and social equity issues? \\n How can expectations and\/or misinformation concerning reintegration support be managed by the relevant Government and UN agencies, for example, through appropriate communication and risk management?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":385, "Sentence":"These negative patterns may also serve to increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace negative pattern may also serve increase vulnerability involvement armed group criminal behaviour ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support calls for a twin approach in fostering not only \u2018negative peace\u2019 \u2013 as in mitigation strategies \u2013 but also \u2018positive peace\u2019, by addressing the root causes of armed conflict as they manifest at the local level and strengthening peace capacities at various levels. Understood in this way, reintegration support can contribute to the prevention of armed conflict, helping to address some of the structural issues that create or fuel the risks of conflict escalation and recurrence.For instance, by accounting for aspects related to mental health and psychosocial support, reintegration programmes can assist in building the necessary pillars needed for a \u2018positive peace\u2019 to develop. If these issues are left unaddressed, individuals may turn to negative coping mechanisms. Conflict may also lead to negative social patterns that increase the likelihood of widespread criminality and the victimization of certain groups. These negative patterns may also serve to increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour. The specific needs of women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups also need to be addressed, including preventing and addressing sexual and gender-based violence.Second, while some reintegration support measures focus on education, vocational skills training and income-generating opportunities, they may help to prevent conflict if aligned with and supportive of the absorption capacities of receiving communities. Situated within the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, approaches to reintegration support shall be sensitive to the fact that populations in fragile situations and subjected to protracted conflict experience diverse needs simultaneously \u2013 be they humanitarian, security-related or developmental. As a result, reintegration support may only play an effective role in conflict prevention when these needs are acknowledged and addressed comprehensively. Thus, reintegration programmes can help to prevent conflict only when they account for: \\n The motivations of individuals to engage in and leave armed groups; \\n The criminogenic, or crime-inducing, risks present in the context that may impede sustained reintegration and increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour; \\n Local needs and existing capacities; \\n The strengthened resilience of individuals, families, communities and institutions to cope with adversity and to withstand violence and conflict-related pressures.Linking reintegration programmes to other elements of the DDR process strengthens their conflict prevention potential. Reintegration programmes should to the extent possible be combined and coordinated with mediation efforts, confidence-building measures and broader conflict resolution and peacebuilding.From a conflict sensitivity angle, it is important to note that reintegration support is sometimes provided later than expected, and that actual levels of support are sometimes lower than foreseen, for example, due to slow political processes, logistical constraints and\/or the unavailability (or delay) of financing. It is therefore important to explicitly raise questions about the possible negative impact of waiting for reintegration support on the actual reintegration processes of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The following questions should be raised as soon as the negotiation and planning of reintegration support begins: \\n Is the reintegration support foreseen realistic? \\n Will the reintegration support be able to meet the various expectations? \\n How will the (expected) reintegration support affect the coping strategies of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups? \\n What are potential negative effects of reintegration support on social dynamics, power dynamics and social equity issues? \\n How can expectations and\/or misinformation concerning reintegration support be managed by the relevant Government and UN agencies, for example, through appropriate communication and risk management?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":385, "Sentence":"The specific needs of women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups also need to be addressed, including preventing and addressing sexual and gender-based violence.Second, while some reintegration support measures focus on education, vocational skills training and income-generating opportunities, they may help to prevent conflict if aligned with and supportive of the absorption capacities of receiving communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace specific need woman girl formerly associated armed force group also need addressed including preventing addressing sexual genderbased violence.second reintegration support measure focus education vocational skill training incomegenerating opportunity may help prevent conflict aligned supportive absorption capacity receiving community ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support calls for a twin approach in fostering not only \u2018negative peace\u2019 \u2013 as in mitigation strategies \u2013 but also \u2018positive peace\u2019, by addressing the root causes of armed conflict as they manifest at the local level and strengthening peace capacities at various levels. Understood in this way, reintegration support can contribute to the prevention of armed conflict, helping to address some of the structural issues that create or fuel the risks of conflict escalation and recurrence.For instance, by accounting for aspects related to mental health and psychosocial support, reintegration programmes can assist in building the necessary pillars needed for a \u2018positive peace\u2019 to develop. If these issues are left unaddressed, individuals may turn to negative coping mechanisms. Conflict may also lead to negative social patterns that increase the likelihood of widespread criminality and the victimization of certain groups. These negative patterns may also serve to increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour. The specific needs of women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups also need to be addressed, including preventing and addressing sexual and gender-based violence.Second, while some reintegration support measures focus on education, vocational skills training and income-generating opportunities, they may help to prevent conflict if aligned with and supportive of the absorption capacities of receiving communities. Situated within the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, approaches to reintegration support shall be sensitive to the fact that populations in fragile situations and subjected to protracted conflict experience diverse needs simultaneously \u2013 be they humanitarian, security-related or developmental. As a result, reintegration support may only play an effective role in conflict prevention when these needs are acknowledged and addressed comprehensively. Thus, reintegration programmes can help to prevent conflict only when they account for: \\n The motivations of individuals to engage in and leave armed groups; \\n The criminogenic, or crime-inducing, risks present in the context that may impede sustained reintegration and increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour; \\n Local needs and existing capacities; \\n The strengthened resilience of individuals, families, communities and institutions to cope with adversity and to withstand violence and conflict-related pressures.Linking reintegration programmes to other elements of the DDR process strengthens their conflict prevention potential. Reintegration programmes should to the extent possible be combined and coordinated with mediation efforts, confidence-building measures and broader conflict resolution and peacebuilding.From a conflict sensitivity angle, it is important to note that reintegration support is sometimes provided later than expected, and that actual levels of support are sometimes lower than foreseen, for example, due to slow political processes, logistical constraints and\/or the unavailability (or delay) of financing. It is therefore important to explicitly raise questions about the possible negative impact of waiting for reintegration support on the actual reintegration processes of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The following questions should be raised as soon as the negotiation and planning of reintegration support begins: \\n Is the reintegration support foreseen realistic? \\n Will the reintegration support be able to meet the various expectations? \\n How will the (expected) reintegration support affect the coping strategies of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups? \\n What are potential negative effects of reintegration support on social dynamics, power dynamics and social equity issues? \\n How can expectations and\/or misinformation concerning reintegration support be managed by the relevant Government and UN agencies, for example, through appropriate communication and risk management?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":385, "Sentence":"Situated within the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, approaches to reintegration support shall be sensitive to the fact that populations in fragile situations and subjected to protracted conflict experience diverse needs simultaneously \u2013 be they humanitarian, security-related or developmental.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace situated within humanitariandevelopmentpeace nexus approach reintegration support shall sensitive fact population fragile situation subjected protracted conflict experience diverse need simultaneously \u2013 humanitarian securityrelated developmental ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support calls for a twin approach in fostering not only \u2018negative peace\u2019 \u2013 as in mitigation strategies \u2013 but also \u2018positive peace\u2019, by addressing the root causes of armed conflict as they manifest at the local level and strengthening peace capacities at various levels. Understood in this way, reintegration support can contribute to the prevention of armed conflict, helping to address some of the structural issues that create or fuel the risks of conflict escalation and recurrence.For instance, by accounting for aspects related to mental health and psychosocial support, reintegration programmes can assist in building the necessary pillars needed for a \u2018positive peace\u2019 to develop. If these issues are left unaddressed, individuals may turn to negative coping mechanisms. Conflict may also lead to negative social patterns that increase the likelihood of widespread criminality and the victimization of certain groups. These negative patterns may also serve to increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour. The specific needs of women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups also need to be addressed, including preventing and addressing sexual and gender-based violence.Second, while some reintegration support measures focus on education, vocational skills training and income-generating opportunities, they may help to prevent conflict if aligned with and supportive of the absorption capacities of receiving communities. Situated within the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, approaches to reintegration support shall be sensitive to the fact that populations in fragile situations and subjected to protracted conflict experience diverse needs simultaneously \u2013 be they humanitarian, security-related or developmental. As a result, reintegration support may only play an effective role in conflict prevention when these needs are acknowledged and addressed comprehensively. Thus, reintegration programmes can help to prevent conflict only when they account for: \\n The motivations of individuals to engage in and leave armed groups; \\n The criminogenic, or crime-inducing, risks present in the context that may impede sustained reintegration and increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour; \\n Local needs and existing capacities; \\n The strengthened resilience of individuals, families, communities and institutions to cope with adversity and to withstand violence and conflict-related pressures.Linking reintegration programmes to other elements of the DDR process strengthens their conflict prevention potential. Reintegration programmes should to the extent possible be combined and coordinated with mediation efforts, confidence-building measures and broader conflict resolution and peacebuilding.From a conflict sensitivity angle, it is important to note that reintegration support is sometimes provided later than expected, and that actual levels of support are sometimes lower than foreseen, for example, due to slow political processes, logistical constraints and\/or the unavailability (or delay) of financing. It is therefore important to explicitly raise questions about the possible negative impact of waiting for reintegration support on the actual reintegration processes of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The following questions should be raised as soon as the negotiation and planning of reintegration support begins: \\n Is the reintegration support foreseen realistic? \\n Will the reintegration support be able to meet the various expectations? \\n How will the (expected) reintegration support affect the coping strategies of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups? \\n What are potential negative effects of reintegration support on social dynamics, power dynamics and social equity issues? \\n How can expectations and\/or misinformation concerning reintegration support be managed by the relevant Government and UN agencies, for example, through appropriate communication and risk management?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":385, "Sentence":"As a result, reintegration support may only play an effective role in conflict prevention when these needs are acknowledged and addressed comprehensively.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace result reintegration support may play effective role conflict prevention need acknowledged addressed comprehensively ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support calls for a twin approach in fostering not only \u2018negative peace\u2019 \u2013 as in mitigation strategies \u2013 but also \u2018positive peace\u2019, by addressing the root causes of armed conflict as they manifest at the local level and strengthening peace capacities at various levels. Understood in this way, reintegration support can contribute to the prevention of armed conflict, helping to address some of the structural issues that create or fuel the risks of conflict escalation and recurrence.For instance, by accounting for aspects related to mental health and psychosocial support, reintegration programmes can assist in building the necessary pillars needed for a \u2018positive peace\u2019 to develop. If these issues are left unaddressed, individuals may turn to negative coping mechanisms. Conflict may also lead to negative social patterns that increase the likelihood of widespread criminality and the victimization of certain groups. These negative patterns may also serve to increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour. The specific needs of women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups also need to be addressed, including preventing and addressing sexual and gender-based violence.Second, while some reintegration support measures focus on education, vocational skills training and income-generating opportunities, they may help to prevent conflict if aligned with and supportive of the absorption capacities of receiving communities. Situated within the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, approaches to reintegration support shall be sensitive to the fact that populations in fragile situations and subjected to protracted conflict experience diverse needs simultaneously \u2013 be they humanitarian, security-related or developmental. As a result, reintegration support may only play an effective role in conflict prevention when these needs are acknowledged and addressed comprehensively. Thus, reintegration programmes can help to prevent conflict only when they account for: \\n The motivations of individuals to engage in and leave armed groups; \\n The criminogenic, or crime-inducing, risks present in the context that may impede sustained reintegration and increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour; \\n Local needs and existing capacities; \\n The strengthened resilience of individuals, families, communities and institutions to cope with adversity and to withstand violence and conflict-related pressures.Linking reintegration programmes to other elements of the DDR process strengthens their conflict prevention potential. Reintegration programmes should to the extent possible be combined and coordinated with mediation efforts, confidence-building measures and broader conflict resolution and peacebuilding.From a conflict sensitivity angle, it is important to note that reintegration support is sometimes provided later than expected, and that actual levels of support are sometimes lower than foreseen, for example, due to slow political processes, logistical constraints and\/or the unavailability (or delay) of financing. It is therefore important to explicitly raise questions about the possible negative impact of waiting for reintegration support on the actual reintegration processes of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The following questions should be raised as soon as the negotiation and planning of reintegration support begins: \\n Is the reintegration support foreseen realistic? \\n Will the reintegration support be able to meet the various expectations? \\n How will the (expected) reintegration support affect the coping strategies of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups? \\n What are potential negative effects of reintegration support on social dynamics, power dynamics and social equity issues? \\n How can expectations and\/or misinformation concerning reintegration support be managed by the relevant Government and UN agencies, for example, through appropriate communication and risk management?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":385, "Sentence":"Thus, reintegration programmes can help to prevent conflict only when they account for: \\n The motivations of individuals to engage in and leave armed groups; \\n The criminogenic, or crime-inducing, risks present in the context that may impede sustained reintegration and increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour; \\n Local needs and existing capacities; \\n The strengthened resilience of individuals, families, communities and institutions to cope with adversity and to withstand violence and conflict-related pressures.Linking reintegration programmes to other elements of the DDR process strengthens their conflict prevention potential.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace thus reintegration programme help prevent conflict account n motivation individual engage leave armed group n criminogenic crimeinducing risk present context may impede sustained reintegration increase vulnerability involvement armed group criminal behaviour n local need existing capacity n strengthened resilience individual family community institution cope adversity withstand violence conflictrelated pressures.linking reintegration programme element ddr process strengthens conflict prevention potential ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support calls for a twin approach in fostering not only \u2018negative peace\u2019 \u2013 as in mitigation strategies \u2013 but also \u2018positive peace\u2019, by addressing the root causes of armed conflict as they manifest at the local level and strengthening peace capacities at various levels. Understood in this way, reintegration support can contribute to the prevention of armed conflict, helping to address some of the structural issues that create or fuel the risks of conflict escalation and recurrence.For instance, by accounting for aspects related to mental health and psychosocial support, reintegration programmes can assist in building the necessary pillars needed for a \u2018positive peace\u2019 to develop. If these issues are left unaddressed, individuals may turn to negative coping mechanisms. Conflict may also lead to negative social patterns that increase the likelihood of widespread criminality and the victimization of certain groups. These negative patterns may also serve to increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour. The specific needs of women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups also need to be addressed, including preventing and addressing sexual and gender-based violence.Second, while some reintegration support measures focus on education, vocational skills training and income-generating opportunities, they may help to prevent conflict if aligned with and supportive of the absorption capacities of receiving communities. Situated within the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, approaches to reintegration support shall be sensitive to the fact that populations in fragile situations and subjected to protracted conflict experience diverse needs simultaneously \u2013 be they humanitarian, security-related or developmental. As a result, reintegration support may only play an effective role in conflict prevention when these needs are acknowledged and addressed comprehensively. Thus, reintegration programmes can help to prevent conflict only when they account for: \\n The motivations of individuals to engage in and leave armed groups; \\n The criminogenic, or crime-inducing, risks present in the context that may impede sustained reintegration and increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour; \\n Local needs and existing capacities; \\n The strengthened resilience of individuals, families, communities and institutions to cope with adversity and to withstand violence and conflict-related pressures.Linking reintegration programmes to other elements of the DDR process strengthens their conflict prevention potential. Reintegration programmes should to the extent possible be combined and coordinated with mediation efforts, confidence-building measures and broader conflict resolution and peacebuilding.From a conflict sensitivity angle, it is important to note that reintegration support is sometimes provided later than expected, and that actual levels of support are sometimes lower than foreseen, for example, due to slow political processes, logistical constraints and\/or the unavailability (or delay) of financing. It is therefore important to explicitly raise questions about the possible negative impact of waiting for reintegration support on the actual reintegration processes of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The following questions should be raised as soon as the negotiation and planning of reintegration support begins: \\n Is the reintegration support foreseen realistic? \\n Will the reintegration support be able to meet the various expectations? \\n How will the (expected) reintegration support affect the coping strategies of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups? \\n What are potential negative effects of reintegration support on social dynamics, power dynamics and social equity issues? \\n How can expectations and\/or misinformation concerning reintegration support be managed by the relevant Government and UN agencies, for example, through appropriate communication and risk management?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":385, "Sentence":"Reintegration programmes should to the extent possible be combined and coordinated with mediation efforts, confidence-building measures and broader conflict resolution and peacebuilding.From a conflict sensitivity angle, it is important to note that reintegration support is sometimes provided later than expected, and that actual levels of support are sometimes lower than foreseen, for example, due to slow political processes, logistical constraints and\/or the unavailability (or delay) of financing.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration programme extent possible combined coordinated mediation effort confidencebuilding measure broader conflict resolution peacebuilding.from conflict sensitivity angle important note reintegration support sometimes provided later expected actual level support sometimes lower foreseen example due slow political process logistical constraint and\/or unavailability delay financing ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support calls for a twin approach in fostering not only \u2018negative peace\u2019 \u2013 as in mitigation strategies \u2013 but also \u2018positive peace\u2019, by addressing the root causes of armed conflict as they manifest at the local level and strengthening peace capacities at various levels. Understood in this way, reintegration support can contribute to the prevention of armed conflict, helping to address some of the structural issues that create or fuel the risks of conflict escalation and recurrence.For instance, by accounting for aspects related to mental health and psychosocial support, reintegration programmes can assist in building the necessary pillars needed for a \u2018positive peace\u2019 to develop. If these issues are left unaddressed, individuals may turn to negative coping mechanisms. Conflict may also lead to negative social patterns that increase the likelihood of widespread criminality and the victimization of certain groups. These negative patterns may also serve to increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour. The specific needs of women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups also need to be addressed, including preventing and addressing sexual and gender-based violence.Second, while some reintegration support measures focus on education, vocational skills training and income-generating opportunities, they may help to prevent conflict if aligned with and supportive of the absorption capacities of receiving communities. Situated within the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, approaches to reintegration support shall be sensitive to the fact that populations in fragile situations and subjected to protracted conflict experience diverse needs simultaneously \u2013 be they humanitarian, security-related or developmental. As a result, reintegration support may only play an effective role in conflict prevention when these needs are acknowledged and addressed comprehensively. Thus, reintegration programmes can help to prevent conflict only when they account for: \\n The motivations of individuals to engage in and leave armed groups; \\n The criminogenic, or crime-inducing, risks present in the context that may impede sustained reintegration and increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour; \\n Local needs and existing capacities; \\n The strengthened resilience of individuals, families, communities and institutions to cope with adversity and to withstand violence and conflict-related pressures.Linking reintegration programmes to other elements of the DDR process strengthens their conflict prevention potential. Reintegration programmes should to the extent possible be combined and coordinated with mediation efforts, confidence-building measures and broader conflict resolution and peacebuilding.From a conflict sensitivity angle, it is important to note that reintegration support is sometimes provided later than expected, and that actual levels of support are sometimes lower than foreseen, for example, due to slow political processes, logistical constraints and\/or the unavailability (or delay) of financing. It is therefore important to explicitly raise questions about the possible negative impact of waiting for reintegration support on the actual reintegration processes of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The following questions should be raised as soon as the negotiation and planning of reintegration support begins: \\n Is the reintegration support foreseen realistic? \\n Will the reintegration support be able to meet the various expectations? \\n How will the (expected) reintegration support affect the coping strategies of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups? \\n What are potential negative effects of reintegration support on social dynamics, power dynamics and social equity issues? \\n How can expectations and\/or misinformation concerning reintegration support be managed by the relevant Government and UN agencies, for example, through appropriate communication and risk management?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":385, "Sentence":"It is therefore important to explicitly raise questions about the possible negative impact of waiting for reintegration support on the actual reintegration processes of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace therefore important explicitly raise question possible negative impact waiting reintegration support actual reintegration process excombatants person formerly associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support calls for a twin approach in fostering not only \u2018negative peace\u2019 \u2013 as in mitigation strategies \u2013 but also \u2018positive peace\u2019, by addressing the root causes of armed conflict as they manifest at the local level and strengthening peace capacities at various levels. Understood in this way, reintegration support can contribute to the prevention of armed conflict, helping to address some of the structural issues that create or fuel the risks of conflict escalation and recurrence.For instance, by accounting for aspects related to mental health and psychosocial support, reintegration programmes can assist in building the necessary pillars needed for a \u2018positive peace\u2019 to develop. If these issues are left unaddressed, individuals may turn to negative coping mechanisms. Conflict may also lead to negative social patterns that increase the likelihood of widespread criminality and the victimization of certain groups. These negative patterns may also serve to increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour. The specific needs of women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups also need to be addressed, including preventing and addressing sexual and gender-based violence.Second, while some reintegration support measures focus on education, vocational skills training and income-generating opportunities, they may help to prevent conflict if aligned with and supportive of the absorption capacities of receiving communities. Situated within the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, approaches to reintegration support shall be sensitive to the fact that populations in fragile situations and subjected to protracted conflict experience diverse needs simultaneously \u2013 be they humanitarian, security-related or developmental. As a result, reintegration support may only play an effective role in conflict prevention when these needs are acknowledged and addressed comprehensively. Thus, reintegration programmes can help to prevent conflict only when they account for: \\n The motivations of individuals to engage in and leave armed groups; \\n The criminogenic, or crime-inducing, risks present in the context that may impede sustained reintegration and increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour; \\n Local needs and existing capacities; \\n The strengthened resilience of individuals, families, communities and institutions to cope with adversity and to withstand violence and conflict-related pressures.Linking reintegration programmes to other elements of the DDR process strengthens their conflict prevention potential. Reintegration programmes should to the extent possible be combined and coordinated with mediation efforts, confidence-building measures and broader conflict resolution and peacebuilding.From a conflict sensitivity angle, it is important to note that reintegration support is sometimes provided later than expected, and that actual levels of support are sometimes lower than foreseen, for example, due to slow political processes, logistical constraints and\/or the unavailability (or delay) of financing. It is therefore important to explicitly raise questions about the possible negative impact of waiting for reintegration support on the actual reintegration processes of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The following questions should be raised as soon as the negotiation and planning of reintegration support begins: \\n Is the reintegration support foreseen realistic? \\n Will the reintegration support be able to meet the various expectations? \\n How will the (expected) reintegration support affect the coping strategies of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups? \\n What are potential negative effects of reintegration support on social dynamics, power dynamics and social equity issues? \\n How can expectations and\/or misinformation concerning reintegration support be managed by the relevant Government and UN agencies, for example, through appropriate communication and risk management?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":385, "Sentence":"The following questions should be raised as soon as the negotiation and planning of reintegration support begins: \\n Is the reintegration support foreseen realistic?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace following question raised soon negotiation planning reintegration support begin n reintegration support foreseen realistic" }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support calls for a twin approach in fostering not only \u2018negative peace\u2019 \u2013 as in mitigation strategies \u2013 but also \u2018positive peace\u2019, by addressing the root causes of armed conflict as they manifest at the local level and strengthening peace capacities at various levels. Understood in this way, reintegration support can contribute to the prevention of armed conflict, helping to address some of the structural issues that create or fuel the risks of conflict escalation and recurrence.For instance, by accounting for aspects related to mental health and psychosocial support, reintegration programmes can assist in building the necessary pillars needed for a \u2018positive peace\u2019 to develop. If these issues are left unaddressed, individuals may turn to negative coping mechanisms. Conflict may also lead to negative social patterns that increase the likelihood of widespread criminality and the victimization of certain groups. These negative patterns may also serve to increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour. The specific needs of women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups also need to be addressed, including preventing and addressing sexual and gender-based violence.Second, while some reintegration support measures focus on education, vocational skills training and income-generating opportunities, they may help to prevent conflict if aligned with and supportive of the absorption capacities of receiving communities. Situated within the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, approaches to reintegration support shall be sensitive to the fact that populations in fragile situations and subjected to protracted conflict experience diverse needs simultaneously \u2013 be they humanitarian, security-related or developmental. As a result, reintegration support may only play an effective role in conflict prevention when these needs are acknowledged and addressed comprehensively. Thus, reintegration programmes can help to prevent conflict only when they account for: \\n The motivations of individuals to engage in and leave armed groups; \\n The criminogenic, or crime-inducing, risks present in the context that may impede sustained reintegration and increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour; \\n Local needs and existing capacities; \\n The strengthened resilience of individuals, families, communities and institutions to cope with adversity and to withstand violence and conflict-related pressures.Linking reintegration programmes to other elements of the DDR process strengthens their conflict prevention potential. Reintegration programmes should to the extent possible be combined and coordinated with mediation efforts, confidence-building measures and broader conflict resolution and peacebuilding.From a conflict sensitivity angle, it is important to note that reintegration support is sometimes provided later than expected, and that actual levels of support are sometimes lower than foreseen, for example, due to slow political processes, logistical constraints and\/or the unavailability (or delay) of financing. It is therefore important to explicitly raise questions about the possible negative impact of waiting for reintegration support on the actual reintegration processes of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The following questions should be raised as soon as the negotiation and planning of reintegration support begins: \\n Is the reintegration support foreseen realistic? \\n Will the reintegration support be able to meet the various expectations? \\n How will the (expected) reintegration support affect the coping strategies of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups? \\n What are potential negative effects of reintegration support on social dynamics, power dynamics and social equity issues? \\n How can expectations and\/or misinformation concerning reintegration support be managed by the relevant Government and UN agencies, for example, through appropriate communication and risk management?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":385, "Sentence":"\\n Will the reintegration support be able to meet the various expectations?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n reintegration support able meet various expectation" }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support calls for a twin approach in fostering not only \u2018negative peace\u2019 \u2013 as in mitigation strategies \u2013 but also \u2018positive peace\u2019, by addressing the root causes of armed conflict as they manifest at the local level and strengthening peace capacities at various levels. Understood in this way, reintegration support can contribute to the prevention of armed conflict, helping to address some of the structural issues that create or fuel the risks of conflict escalation and recurrence.For instance, by accounting for aspects related to mental health and psychosocial support, reintegration programmes can assist in building the necessary pillars needed for a \u2018positive peace\u2019 to develop. If these issues are left unaddressed, individuals may turn to negative coping mechanisms. Conflict may also lead to negative social patterns that increase the likelihood of widespread criminality and the victimization of certain groups. These negative patterns may also serve to increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour. The specific needs of women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups also need to be addressed, including preventing and addressing sexual and gender-based violence.Second, while some reintegration support measures focus on education, vocational skills training and income-generating opportunities, they may help to prevent conflict if aligned with and supportive of the absorption capacities of receiving communities. Situated within the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, approaches to reintegration support shall be sensitive to the fact that populations in fragile situations and subjected to protracted conflict experience diverse needs simultaneously \u2013 be they humanitarian, security-related or developmental. As a result, reintegration support may only play an effective role in conflict prevention when these needs are acknowledged and addressed comprehensively. Thus, reintegration programmes can help to prevent conflict only when they account for: \\n The motivations of individuals to engage in and leave armed groups; \\n The criminogenic, or crime-inducing, risks present in the context that may impede sustained reintegration and increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour; \\n Local needs and existing capacities; \\n The strengthened resilience of individuals, families, communities and institutions to cope with adversity and to withstand violence and conflict-related pressures.Linking reintegration programmes to other elements of the DDR process strengthens their conflict prevention potential. Reintegration programmes should to the extent possible be combined and coordinated with mediation efforts, confidence-building measures and broader conflict resolution and peacebuilding.From a conflict sensitivity angle, it is important to note that reintegration support is sometimes provided later than expected, and that actual levels of support are sometimes lower than foreseen, for example, due to slow political processes, logistical constraints and\/or the unavailability (or delay) of financing. It is therefore important to explicitly raise questions about the possible negative impact of waiting for reintegration support on the actual reintegration processes of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The following questions should be raised as soon as the negotiation and planning of reintegration support begins: \\n Is the reintegration support foreseen realistic? \\n Will the reintegration support be able to meet the various expectations? \\n How will the (expected) reintegration support affect the coping strategies of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups? \\n What are potential negative effects of reintegration support on social dynamics, power dynamics and social equity issues? \\n How can expectations and\/or misinformation concerning reintegration support be managed by the relevant Government and UN agencies, for example, through appropriate communication and risk management?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":385, "Sentence":"\\n How will the (expected) reintegration support affect the coping strategies of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n expected reintegration support affect coping strategy excombatants person formerly associated armed force group" }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support calls for a twin approach in fostering not only \u2018negative peace\u2019 \u2013 as in mitigation strategies \u2013 but also \u2018positive peace\u2019, by addressing the root causes of armed conflict as they manifest at the local level and strengthening peace capacities at various levels. Understood in this way, reintegration support can contribute to the prevention of armed conflict, helping to address some of the structural issues that create or fuel the risks of conflict escalation and recurrence.For instance, by accounting for aspects related to mental health and psychosocial support, reintegration programmes can assist in building the necessary pillars needed for a \u2018positive peace\u2019 to develop. If these issues are left unaddressed, individuals may turn to negative coping mechanisms. Conflict may also lead to negative social patterns that increase the likelihood of widespread criminality and the victimization of certain groups. These negative patterns may also serve to increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour. The specific needs of women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups also need to be addressed, including preventing and addressing sexual and gender-based violence.Second, while some reintegration support measures focus on education, vocational skills training and income-generating opportunities, they may help to prevent conflict if aligned with and supportive of the absorption capacities of receiving communities. Situated within the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, approaches to reintegration support shall be sensitive to the fact that populations in fragile situations and subjected to protracted conflict experience diverse needs simultaneously \u2013 be they humanitarian, security-related or developmental. As a result, reintegration support may only play an effective role in conflict prevention when these needs are acknowledged and addressed comprehensively. Thus, reintegration programmes can help to prevent conflict only when they account for: \\n The motivations of individuals to engage in and leave armed groups; \\n The criminogenic, or crime-inducing, risks present in the context that may impede sustained reintegration and increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour; \\n Local needs and existing capacities; \\n The strengthened resilience of individuals, families, communities and institutions to cope with adversity and to withstand violence and conflict-related pressures.Linking reintegration programmes to other elements of the DDR process strengthens their conflict prevention potential. Reintegration programmes should to the extent possible be combined and coordinated with mediation efforts, confidence-building measures and broader conflict resolution and peacebuilding.From a conflict sensitivity angle, it is important to note that reintegration support is sometimes provided later than expected, and that actual levels of support are sometimes lower than foreseen, for example, due to slow political processes, logistical constraints and\/or the unavailability (or delay) of financing. It is therefore important to explicitly raise questions about the possible negative impact of waiting for reintegration support on the actual reintegration processes of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The following questions should be raised as soon as the negotiation and planning of reintegration support begins: \\n Is the reintegration support foreseen realistic? \\n Will the reintegration support be able to meet the various expectations? \\n How will the (expected) reintegration support affect the coping strategies of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups? \\n What are potential negative effects of reintegration support on social dynamics, power dynamics and social equity issues? \\n How can expectations and\/or misinformation concerning reintegration support be managed by the relevant Government and UN agencies, for example, through appropriate communication and risk management?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":385, "Sentence":"\\n What are potential negative effects of reintegration support on social dynamics, power dynamics and social equity issues?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n potential negative effect reintegration support social dynamic power dynamic social equity issue" }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support calls for a twin approach in fostering not only \u2018negative peace\u2019 \u2013 as in mitigation strategies \u2013 but also \u2018positive peace\u2019, by addressing the root causes of armed conflict as they manifest at the local level and strengthening peace capacities at various levels. Understood in this way, reintegration support can contribute to the prevention of armed conflict, helping to address some of the structural issues that create or fuel the risks of conflict escalation and recurrence.For instance, by accounting for aspects related to mental health and psychosocial support, reintegration programmes can assist in building the necessary pillars needed for a \u2018positive peace\u2019 to develop. If these issues are left unaddressed, individuals may turn to negative coping mechanisms. Conflict may also lead to negative social patterns that increase the likelihood of widespread criminality and the victimization of certain groups. These negative patterns may also serve to increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour. The specific needs of women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups also need to be addressed, including preventing and addressing sexual and gender-based violence.Second, while some reintegration support measures focus on education, vocational skills training and income-generating opportunities, they may help to prevent conflict if aligned with and supportive of the absorption capacities of receiving communities. Situated within the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, approaches to reintegration support shall be sensitive to the fact that populations in fragile situations and subjected to protracted conflict experience diverse needs simultaneously \u2013 be they humanitarian, security-related or developmental. As a result, reintegration support may only play an effective role in conflict prevention when these needs are acknowledged and addressed comprehensively. Thus, reintegration programmes can help to prevent conflict only when they account for: \\n The motivations of individuals to engage in and leave armed groups; \\n The criminogenic, or crime-inducing, risks present in the context that may impede sustained reintegration and increase vulnerability to involvement in armed groups and other criminal behaviour; \\n Local needs and existing capacities; \\n The strengthened resilience of individuals, families, communities and institutions to cope with adversity and to withstand violence and conflict-related pressures.Linking reintegration programmes to other elements of the DDR process strengthens their conflict prevention potential. Reintegration programmes should to the extent possible be combined and coordinated with mediation efforts, confidence-building measures and broader conflict resolution and peacebuilding.From a conflict sensitivity angle, it is important to note that reintegration support is sometimes provided later than expected, and that actual levels of support are sometimes lower than foreseen, for example, due to slow political processes, logistical constraints and\/or the unavailability (or delay) of financing. It is therefore important to explicitly raise questions about the possible negative impact of waiting for reintegration support on the actual reintegration processes of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The following questions should be raised as soon as the negotiation and planning of reintegration support begins: \\n Is the reintegration support foreseen realistic? \\n Will the reintegration support be able to meet the various expectations? \\n How will the (expected) reintegration support affect the coping strategies of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups? \\n What are potential negative effects of reintegration support on social dynamics, power dynamics and social equity issues? \\n How can expectations and\/or misinformation concerning reintegration support be managed by the relevant Government and UN agencies, for example, through appropriate communication and risk management?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":385, "Sentence":"\\n How can expectations and\/or misinformation concerning reintegration support be managed by the relevant Government and UN agencies, for example, through appropriate communication and risk management?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n expectation and\/or misinformation concerning reintegration support managed relevant government un agency example appropriate communication risk management" }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.1 Preventing re-recruitment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"As part of sustaining peace, reintegration programmes should plan to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent re-recruitment. The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated into armed groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime, including illicit natural resource exploitation such as mineral mining and poaching. In such war economies, licit and illicit markets may overlap, and criminal networks may constitute an attractive source of income for ex-combatants as well as provide a sense of belonging. Criminal groups could allow ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to regain or retain a social status after leaving their armed force or group, and may bridge feelings of social dislocation in receiving communities.The risk of re-recruitment or involvement in criminal activity increases in contexts where reintegration opportunities are limited and where national and local capacity is low. This is the case when ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups return to areas of high insecurity, where formal and informal economies lack diversity and opportunities are limited to unskilled labour, including agriculture. The conditions in these geographical areas should therefore be considered in the design of reintegration support. Collaborating with actors that are able to influence the non-programmatic factors mentioned above can be a first step in supporting those who have decided to settle in these areas.Rejoining a former armed group or joining a new one may be a result of the real, or perceived, absence of viable alternatives to armed conflict as a means of subsistence and as an avenue for social integration and political change (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The reasons why individuals join armed groups are diverse and may include grievances linked to social status, self- defence, a lack of jobs and economic opportunities, exclusion, human rights abuses and other real or perceived injustices. Risk of re-recruitment may therefore be higher in contexts where the causes of the conflict remain unresolved and grievances persist, or where there are no viable alternative livelihoods.Community receptivity to returning ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups also impacts the likelihood of return to an armed group. Receptivity is likely to be lower in contexts of ongoing conflict, as returning ex-combatants could constitute a risk to the community. Female ex-combatants, women formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and their children potentially face additional challenges related to community receptivity, including potential stigma that can profoundly impact their ability to reintegrate.The length of time an individual has spent in an armed group will also influence his or her ability to adjust to civilian life and the degree to which he or she is able to build social networks and reconnect. In general, the longer an individual spent with an armed group, the more challenging his or her reintegration process is likely to be. Given this reality, the design of reintegration programmes must be based on solid gender analysis and risk management, which could include mentorships, peer learning, institutional learning and relevant institutional and programmatic linkages.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":386, "Sentence":"As part of sustaining peace, reintegration programmes should plan to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent re-recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace part sustaining peace reintegration programme plan contribute dynamic aim prevent rerecruitment ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.1 Preventing re-recruitment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"As part of sustaining peace, reintegration programmes should plan to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent re-recruitment. The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated into armed groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime, including illicit natural resource exploitation such as mineral mining and poaching. In such war economies, licit and illicit markets may overlap, and criminal networks may constitute an attractive source of income for ex-combatants as well as provide a sense of belonging. Criminal groups could allow ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to regain or retain a social status after leaving their armed force or group, and may bridge feelings of social dislocation in receiving communities.The risk of re-recruitment or involvement in criminal activity increases in contexts where reintegration opportunities are limited and where national and local capacity is low. This is the case when ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups return to areas of high insecurity, where formal and informal economies lack diversity and opportunities are limited to unskilled labour, including agriculture. The conditions in these geographical areas should therefore be considered in the design of reintegration support. Collaborating with actors that are able to influence the non-programmatic factors mentioned above can be a first step in supporting those who have decided to settle in these areas.Rejoining a former armed group or joining a new one may be a result of the real, or perceived, absence of viable alternatives to armed conflict as a means of subsistence and as an avenue for social integration and political change (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The reasons why individuals join armed groups are diverse and may include grievances linked to social status, self- defence, a lack of jobs and economic opportunities, exclusion, human rights abuses and other real or perceived injustices. Risk of re-recruitment may therefore be higher in contexts where the causes of the conflict remain unresolved and grievances persist, or where there are no viable alternative livelihoods.Community receptivity to returning ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups also impacts the likelihood of return to an armed group. Receptivity is likely to be lower in contexts of ongoing conflict, as returning ex-combatants could constitute a risk to the community. Female ex-combatants, women formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and their children potentially face additional challenges related to community receptivity, including potential stigma that can profoundly impact their ability to reintegrate.The length of time an individual has spent in an armed group will also influence his or her ability to adjust to civilian life and the degree to which he or she is able to build social networks and reconnect. In general, the longer an individual spent with an armed group, the more challenging his or her reintegration process is likely to be. Given this reality, the design of reintegration programmes must be based on solid gender analysis and risk management, which could include mentorships, peer learning, institutional learning and relevant institutional and programmatic linkages.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":386, "Sentence":"The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated into armed groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime, including illicit natural resource exploitation such as mineral mining and poaching.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace risk rerecruitment excombatants person formerly associated armed group engagement criminal activity higher conflict ongoing protracted financed organized crime including illicit natural resource exploitation mineral mining poaching ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.1 Preventing re-recruitment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"As part of sustaining peace, reintegration programmes should plan to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent re-recruitment. The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated into armed groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime, including illicit natural resource exploitation such as mineral mining and poaching. In such war economies, licit and illicit markets may overlap, and criminal networks may constitute an attractive source of income for ex-combatants as well as provide a sense of belonging. Criminal groups could allow ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to regain or retain a social status after leaving their armed force or group, and may bridge feelings of social dislocation in receiving communities.The risk of re-recruitment or involvement in criminal activity increases in contexts where reintegration opportunities are limited and where national and local capacity is low. This is the case when ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups return to areas of high insecurity, where formal and informal economies lack diversity and opportunities are limited to unskilled labour, including agriculture. The conditions in these geographical areas should therefore be considered in the design of reintegration support. Collaborating with actors that are able to influence the non-programmatic factors mentioned above can be a first step in supporting those who have decided to settle in these areas.Rejoining a former armed group or joining a new one may be a result of the real, or perceived, absence of viable alternatives to armed conflict as a means of subsistence and as an avenue for social integration and political change (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The reasons why individuals join armed groups are diverse and may include grievances linked to social status, self- defence, a lack of jobs and economic opportunities, exclusion, human rights abuses and other real or perceived injustices. Risk of re-recruitment may therefore be higher in contexts where the causes of the conflict remain unresolved and grievances persist, or where there are no viable alternative livelihoods.Community receptivity to returning ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups also impacts the likelihood of return to an armed group. Receptivity is likely to be lower in contexts of ongoing conflict, as returning ex-combatants could constitute a risk to the community. Female ex-combatants, women formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and their children potentially face additional challenges related to community receptivity, including potential stigma that can profoundly impact their ability to reintegrate.The length of time an individual has spent in an armed group will also influence his or her ability to adjust to civilian life and the degree to which he or she is able to build social networks and reconnect. In general, the longer an individual spent with an armed group, the more challenging his or her reintegration process is likely to be. Given this reality, the design of reintegration programmes must be based on solid gender analysis and risk management, which could include mentorships, peer learning, institutional learning and relevant institutional and programmatic linkages.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":386, "Sentence":"In such war economies, licit and illicit markets may overlap, and criminal networks may constitute an attractive source of income for ex-combatants as well as provide a sense of belonging.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace war economy licit illicit market may overlap criminal network may constitute attractive source income excombatants well provide sense belonging ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.1 Preventing re-recruitment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"As part of sustaining peace, reintegration programmes should plan to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent re-recruitment. The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated into armed groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime, including illicit natural resource exploitation such as mineral mining and poaching. In such war economies, licit and illicit markets may overlap, and criminal networks may constitute an attractive source of income for ex-combatants as well as provide a sense of belonging. Criminal groups could allow ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to regain or retain a social status after leaving their armed force or group, and may bridge feelings of social dislocation in receiving communities.The risk of re-recruitment or involvement in criminal activity increases in contexts where reintegration opportunities are limited and where national and local capacity is low. This is the case when ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups return to areas of high insecurity, where formal and informal economies lack diversity and opportunities are limited to unskilled labour, including agriculture. The conditions in these geographical areas should therefore be considered in the design of reintegration support. Collaborating with actors that are able to influence the non-programmatic factors mentioned above can be a first step in supporting those who have decided to settle in these areas.Rejoining a former armed group or joining a new one may be a result of the real, or perceived, absence of viable alternatives to armed conflict as a means of subsistence and as an avenue for social integration and political change (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The reasons why individuals join armed groups are diverse and may include grievances linked to social status, self- defence, a lack of jobs and economic opportunities, exclusion, human rights abuses and other real or perceived injustices. Risk of re-recruitment may therefore be higher in contexts where the causes of the conflict remain unresolved and grievances persist, or where there are no viable alternative livelihoods.Community receptivity to returning ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups also impacts the likelihood of return to an armed group. Receptivity is likely to be lower in contexts of ongoing conflict, as returning ex-combatants could constitute a risk to the community. Female ex-combatants, women formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and their children potentially face additional challenges related to community receptivity, including potential stigma that can profoundly impact their ability to reintegrate.The length of time an individual has spent in an armed group will also influence his or her ability to adjust to civilian life and the degree to which he or she is able to build social networks and reconnect. In general, the longer an individual spent with an armed group, the more challenging his or her reintegration process is likely to be. Given this reality, the design of reintegration programmes must be based on solid gender analysis and risk management, which could include mentorships, peer learning, institutional learning and relevant institutional and programmatic linkages.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":386, "Sentence":"Criminal groups could allow ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to regain or retain a social status after leaving their armed force or group, and may bridge feelings of social dislocation in receiving communities.The risk of re-recruitment or involvement in criminal activity increases in contexts where reintegration opportunities are limited and where national and local capacity is low.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace criminal group could allow excombatants person formerly associated armed force group regain retain social status leaving armed force group may bridge feeling social dislocation receiving communities.the risk rerecruitment involvement criminal activity increase context reintegration opportunity limited national local capacity low ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.1 Preventing re-recruitment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"As part of sustaining peace, reintegration programmes should plan to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent re-recruitment. The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated into armed groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime, including illicit natural resource exploitation such as mineral mining and poaching. In such war economies, licit and illicit markets may overlap, and criminal networks may constitute an attractive source of income for ex-combatants as well as provide a sense of belonging. Criminal groups could allow ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to regain or retain a social status after leaving their armed force or group, and may bridge feelings of social dislocation in receiving communities.The risk of re-recruitment or involvement in criminal activity increases in contexts where reintegration opportunities are limited and where national and local capacity is low. This is the case when ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups return to areas of high insecurity, where formal and informal economies lack diversity and opportunities are limited to unskilled labour, including agriculture. The conditions in these geographical areas should therefore be considered in the design of reintegration support. Collaborating with actors that are able to influence the non-programmatic factors mentioned above can be a first step in supporting those who have decided to settle in these areas.Rejoining a former armed group or joining a new one may be a result of the real, or perceived, absence of viable alternatives to armed conflict as a means of subsistence and as an avenue for social integration and political change (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The reasons why individuals join armed groups are diverse and may include grievances linked to social status, self- defence, a lack of jobs and economic opportunities, exclusion, human rights abuses and other real or perceived injustices. Risk of re-recruitment may therefore be higher in contexts where the causes of the conflict remain unresolved and grievances persist, or where there are no viable alternative livelihoods.Community receptivity to returning ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups also impacts the likelihood of return to an armed group. Receptivity is likely to be lower in contexts of ongoing conflict, as returning ex-combatants could constitute a risk to the community. Female ex-combatants, women formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and their children potentially face additional challenges related to community receptivity, including potential stigma that can profoundly impact their ability to reintegrate.The length of time an individual has spent in an armed group will also influence his or her ability to adjust to civilian life and the degree to which he or she is able to build social networks and reconnect. In general, the longer an individual spent with an armed group, the more challenging his or her reintegration process is likely to be. Given this reality, the design of reintegration programmes must be based on solid gender analysis and risk management, which could include mentorships, peer learning, institutional learning and relevant institutional and programmatic linkages.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":386, "Sentence":"This is the case when ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups return to areas of high insecurity, where formal and informal economies lack diversity and opportunities are limited to unskilled labour, including agriculture.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace case excombatants person formerly associated armed force group return area high insecurity formal informal economy lack diversity opportunity limited unskilled labour including agriculture ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.1 Preventing re-recruitment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"As part of sustaining peace, reintegration programmes should plan to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent re-recruitment. The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated into armed groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime, including illicit natural resource exploitation such as mineral mining and poaching. In such war economies, licit and illicit markets may overlap, and criminal networks may constitute an attractive source of income for ex-combatants as well as provide a sense of belonging. Criminal groups could allow ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to regain or retain a social status after leaving their armed force or group, and may bridge feelings of social dislocation in receiving communities.The risk of re-recruitment or involvement in criminal activity increases in contexts where reintegration opportunities are limited and where national and local capacity is low. This is the case when ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups return to areas of high insecurity, where formal and informal economies lack diversity and opportunities are limited to unskilled labour, including agriculture. The conditions in these geographical areas should therefore be considered in the design of reintegration support. Collaborating with actors that are able to influence the non-programmatic factors mentioned above can be a first step in supporting those who have decided to settle in these areas.Rejoining a former armed group or joining a new one may be a result of the real, or perceived, absence of viable alternatives to armed conflict as a means of subsistence and as an avenue for social integration and political change (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The reasons why individuals join armed groups are diverse and may include grievances linked to social status, self- defence, a lack of jobs and economic opportunities, exclusion, human rights abuses and other real or perceived injustices. Risk of re-recruitment may therefore be higher in contexts where the causes of the conflict remain unresolved and grievances persist, or where there are no viable alternative livelihoods.Community receptivity to returning ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups also impacts the likelihood of return to an armed group. Receptivity is likely to be lower in contexts of ongoing conflict, as returning ex-combatants could constitute a risk to the community. Female ex-combatants, women formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and their children potentially face additional challenges related to community receptivity, including potential stigma that can profoundly impact their ability to reintegrate.The length of time an individual has spent in an armed group will also influence his or her ability to adjust to civilian life and the degree to which he or she is able to build social networks and reconnect. In general, the longer an individual spent with an armed group, the more challenging his or her reintegration process is likely to be. Given this reality, the design of reintegration programmes must be based on solid gender analysis and risk management, which could include mentorships, peer learning, institutional learning and relevant institutional and programmatic linkages.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":386, "Sentence":"The conditions in these geographical areas should therefore be considered in the design of reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace condition geographical area therefore considered design reintegration support ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.1 Preventing re-recruitment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"As part of sustaining peace, reintegration programmes should plan to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent re-recruitment. The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated into armed groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime, including illicit natural resource exploitation such as mineral mining and poaching. In such war economies, licit and illicit markets may overlap, and criminal networks may constitute an attractive source of income for ex-combatants as well as provide a sense of belonging. Criminal groups could allow ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to regain or retain a social status after leaving their armed force or group, and may bridge feelings of social dislocation in receiving communities.The risk of re-recruitment or involvement in criminal activity increases in contexts where reintegration opportunities are limited and where national and local capacity is low. This is the case when ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups return to areas of high insecurity, where formal and informal economies lack diversity and opportunities are limited to unskilled labour, including agriculture. The conditions in these geographical areas should therefore be considered in the design of reintegration support. Collaborating with actors that are able to influence the non-programmatic factors mentioned above can be a first step in supporting those who have decided to settle in these areas.Rejoining a former armed group or joining a new one may be a result of the real, or perceived, absence of viable alternatives to armed conflict as a means of subsistence and as an avenue for social integration and political change (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The reasons why individuals join armed groups are diverse and may include grievances linked to social status, self- defence, a lack of jobs and economic opportunities, exclusion, human rights abuses and other real or perceived injustices. Risk of re-recruitment may therefore be higher in contexts where the causes of the conflict remain unresolved and grievances persist, or where there are no viable alternative livelihoods.Community receptivity to returning ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups also impacts the likelihood of return to an armed group. Receptivity is likely to be lower in contexts of ongoing conflict, as returning ex-combatants could constitute a risk to the community. Female ex-combatants, women formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and their children potentially face additional challenges related to community receptivity, including potential stigma that can profoundly impact their ability to reintegrate.The length of time an individual has spent in an armed group will also influence his or her ability to adjust to civilian life and the degree to which he or she is able to build social networks and reconnect. In general, the longer an individual spent with an armed group, the more challenging his or her reintegration process is likely to be. Given this reality, the design of reintegration programmes must be based on solid gender analysis and risk management, which could include mentorships, peer learning, institutional learning and relevant institutional and programmatic linkages.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":386, "Sentence":"Collaborating with actors that are able to influence the non-programmatic factors mentioned above can be a first step in supporting those who have decided to settle in these areas.Rejoining a former armed group or joining a new one may be a result of the real, or perceived, absence of viable alternatives to armed conflict as a means of subsistence and as an avenue for social integration and political change (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace collaborating actor able influence nonprogrammatic factor mentioned first step supporting decided settle areas.rejoining former armed group joining new one may result real perceived absence viable alternative armed conflict mean subsistence avenue social integration political change see iddrs 2.20 politics ddr ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.1 Preventing re-recruitment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"As part of sustaining peace, reintegration programmes should plan to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent re-recruitment. The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated into armed groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime, including illicit natural resource exploitation such as mineral mining and poaching. In such war economies, licit and illicit markets may overlap, and criminal networks may constitute an attractive source of income for ex-combatants as well as provide a sense of belonging. Criminal groups could allow ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to regain or retain a social status after leaving their armed force or group, and may bridge feelings of social dislocation in receiving communities.The risk of re-recruitment or involvement in criminal activity increases in contexts where reintegration opportunities are limited and where national and local capacity is low. This is the case when ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups return to areas of high insecurity, where formal and informal economies lack diversity and opportunities are limited to unskilled labour, including agriculture. The conditions in these geographical areas should therefore be considered in the design of reintegration support. Collaborating with actors that are able to influence the non-programmatic factors mentioned above can be a first step in supporting those who have decided to settle in these areas.Rejoining a former armed group or joining a new one may be a result of the real, or perceived, absence of viable alternatives to armed conflict as a means of subsistence and as an avenue for social integration and political change (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The reasons why individuals join armed groups are diverse and may include grievances linked to social status, self- defence, a lack of jobs and economic opportunities, exclusion, human rights abuses and other real or perceived injustices. Risk of re-recruitment may therefore be higher in contexts where the causes of the conflict remain unresolved and grievances persist, or where there are no viable alternative livelihoods.Community receptivity to returning ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups also impacts the likelihood of return to an armed group. Receptivity is likely to be lower in contexts of ongoing conflict, as returning ex-combatants could constitute a risk to the community. Female ex-combatants, women formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and their children potentially face additional challenges related to community receptivity, including potential stigma that can profoundly impact their ability to reintegrate.The length of time an individual has spent in an armed group will also influence his or her ability to adjust to civilian life and the degree to which he or she is able to build social networks and reconnect. In general, the longer an individual spent with an armed group, the more challenging his or her reintegration process is likely to be. Given this reality, the design of reintegration programmes must be based on solid gender analysis and risk management, which could include mentorships, peer learning, institutional learning and relevant institutional and programmatic linkages.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":386, "Sentence":"The reasons why individuals join armed groups are diverse and may include grievances linked to social status, self- defence, a lack of jobs and economic opportunities, exclusion, human rights abuses and other real or perceived injustices.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reason individual join armed group diverse may include grievance linked social status self defence lack job economic opportunity exclusion human right abuse real perceived injustice ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.1 Preventing re-recruitment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"As part of sustaining peace, reintegration programmes should plan to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent re-recruitment. The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated into armed groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime, including illicit natural resource exploitation such as mineral mining and poaching. In such war economies, licit and illicit markets may overlap, and criminal networks may constitute an attractive source of income for ex-combatants as well as provide a sense of belonging. Criminal groups could allow ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to regain or retain a social status after leaving their armed force or group, and may bridge feelings of social dislocation in receiving communities.The risk of re-recruitment or involvement in criminal activity increases in contexts where reintegration opportunities are limited and where national and local capacity is low. This is the case when ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups return to areas of high insecurity, where formal and informal economies lack diversity and opportunities are limited to unskilled labour, including agriculture. The conditions in these geographical areas should therefore be considered in the design of reintegration support. Collaborating with actors that are able to influence the non-programmatic factors mentioned above can be a first step in supporting those who have decided to settle in these areas.Rejoining a former armed group or joining a new one may be a result of the real, or perceived, absence of viable alternatives to armed conflict as a means of subsistence and as an avenue for social integration and political change (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The reasons why individuals join armed groups are diverse and may include grievances linked to social status, self- defence, a lack of jobs and economic opportunities, exclusion, human rights abuses and other real or perceived injustices. Risk of re-recruitment may therefore be higher in contexts where the causes of the conflict remain unresolved and grievances persist, or where there are no viable alternative livelihoods.Community receptivity to returning ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups also impacts the likelihood of return to an armed group. Receptivity is likely to be lower in contexts of ongoing conflict, as returning ex-combatants could constitute a risk to the community. Female ex-combatants, women formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and their children potentially face additional challenges related to community receptivity, including potential stigma that can profoundly impact their ability to reintegrate.The length of time an individual has spent in an armed group will also influence his or her ability to adjust to civilian life and the degree to which he or she is able to build social networks and reconnect. In general, the longer an individual spent with an armed group, the more challenging his or her reintegration process is likely to be. Given this reality, the design of reintegration programmes must be based on solid gender analysis and risk management, which could include mentorships, peer learning, institutional learning and relevant institutional and programmatic linkages.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":386, "Sentence":"Risk of re-recruitment may therefore be higher in contexts where the causes of the conflict remain unresolved and grievances persist, or where there are no viable alternative livelihoods.Community receptivity to returning ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups also impacts the likelihood of return to an armed group.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace risk rerecruitment may therefore higher context cause conflict remain unresolved grievance persist viable alternative livelihoods.community receptivity returning excombatants person formerly associated armed force group also impact likelihood return armed group ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.1 Preventing re-recruitment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"As part of sustaining peace, reintegration programmes should plan to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent re-recruitment. The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated into armed groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime, including illicit natural resource exploitation such as mineral mining and poaching. In such war economies, licit and illicit markets may overlap, and criminal networks may constitute an attractive source of income for ex-combatants as well as provide a sense of belonging. Criminal groups could allow ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to regain or retain a social status after leaving their armed force or group, and may bridge feelings of social dislocation in receiving communities.The risk of re-recruitment or involvement in criminal activity increases in contexts where reintegration opportunities are limited and where national and local capacity is low. This is the case when ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups return to areas of high insecurity, where formal and informal economies lack diversity and opportunities are limited to unskilled labour, including agriculture. The conditions in these geographical areas should therefore be considered in the design of reintegration support. Collaborating with actors that are able to influence the non-programmatic factors mentioned above can be a first step in supporting those who have decided to settle in these areas.Rejoining a former armed group or joining a new one may be a result of the real, or perceived, absence of viable alternatives to armed conflict as a means of subsistence and as an avenue for social integration and political change (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The reasons why individuals join armed groups are diverse and may include grievances linked to social status, self- defence, a lack of jobs and economic opportunities, exclusion, human rights abuses and other real or perceived injustices. Risk of re-recruitment may therefore be higher in contexts where the causes of the conflict remain unresolved and grievances persist, or where there are no viable alternative livelihoods.Community receptivity to returning ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups also impacts the likelihood of return to an armed group. Receptivity is likely to be lower in contexts of ongoing conflict, as returning ex-combatants could constitute a risk to the community. Female ex-combatants, women formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and their children potentially face additional challenges related to community receptivity, including potential stigma that can profoundly impact their ability to reintegrate.The length of time an individual has spent in an armed group will also influence his or her ability to adjust to civilian life and the degree to which he or she is able to build social networks and reconnect. In general, the longer an individual spent with an armed group, the more challenging his or her reintegration process is likely to be. Given this reality, the design of reintegration programmes must be based on solid gender analysis and risk management, which could include mentorships, peer learning, institutional learning and relevant institutional and programmatic linkages.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":386, "Sentence":"Receptivity is likely to be lower in contexts of ongoing conflict, as returning ex-combatants could constitute a risk to the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace receptivity likely lower context ongoing conflict returning excombatants could constitute risk community ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.1 Preventing re-recruitment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"As part of sustaining peace, reintegration programmes should plan to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent re-recruitment. The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated into armed groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime, including illicit natural resource exploitation such as mineral mining and poaching. In such war economies, licit and illicit markets may overlap, and criminal networks may constitute an attractive source of income for ex-combatants as well as provide a sense of belonging. Criminal groups could allow ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to regain or retain a social status after leaving their armed force or group, and may bridge feelings of social dislocation in receiving communities.The risk of re-recruitment or involvement in criminal activity increases in contexts where reintegration opportunities are limited and where national and local capacity is low. This is the case when ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups return to areas of high insecurity, where formal and informal economies lack diversity and opportunities are limited to unskilled labour, including agriculture. The conditions in these geographical areas should therefore be considered in the design of reintegration support. Collaborating with actors that are able to influence the non-programmatic factors mentioned above can be a first step in supporting those who have decided to settle in these areas.Rejoining a former armed group or joining a new one may be a result of the real, or perceived, absence of viable alternatives to armed conflict as a means of subsistence and as an avenue for social integration and political change (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The reasons why individuals join armed groups are diverse and may include grievances linked to social status, self- defence, a lack of jobs and economic opportunities, exclusion, human rights abuses and other real or perceived injustices. Risk of re-recruitment may therefore be higher in contexts where the causes of the conflict remain unresolved and grievances persist, or where there are no viable alternative livelihoods.Community receptivity to returning ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups also impacts the likelihood of return to an armed group. Receptivity is likely to be lower in contexts of ongoing conflict, as returning ex-combatants could constitute a risk to the community. Female ex-combatants, women formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and their children potentially face additional challenges related to community receptivity, including potential stigma that can profoundly impact their ability to reintegrate.The length of time an individual has spent in an armed group will also influence his or her ability to adjust to civilian life and the degree to which he or she is able to build social networks and reconnect. In general, the longer an individual spent with an armed group, the more challenging his or her reintegration process is likely to be. Given this reality, the design of reintegration programmes must be based on solid gender analysis and risk management, which could include mentorships, peer learning, institutional learning and relevant institutional and programmatic linkages.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":386, "Sentence":"Female ex-combatants, women formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and their children potentially face additional challenges related to community receptivity, including potential stigma that can profoundly impact their ability to reintegrate.The length of time an individual has spent in an armed group will also influence his or her ability to adjust to civilian life and the degree to which he or she is able to build social networks and reconnect.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace female excombatants woman formerly associated armed force group child potentially face additional challenge related community receptivity including potential stigma profoundly impact ability reintegrate.the length time individual spent armed group also influence ability adjust civilian life degree able build social network reconnect ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.1 Preventing re-recruitment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"As part of sustaining peace, reintegration programmes should plan to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent re-recruitment. The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated into armed groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime, including illicit natural resource exploitation such as mineral mining and poaching. In such war economies, licit and illicit markets may overlap, and criminal networks may constitute an attractive source of income for ex-combatants as well as provide a sense of belonging. Criminal groups could allow ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to regain or retain a social status after leaving their armed force or group, and may bridge feelings of social dislocation in receiving communities.The risk of re-recruitment or involvement in criminal activity increases in contexts where reintegration opportunities are limited and where national and local capacity is low. This is the case when ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups return to areas of high insecurity, where formal and informal economies lack diversity and opportunities are limited to unskilled labour, including agriculture. The conditions in these geographical areas should therefore be considered in the design of reintegration support. Collaborating with actors that are able to influence the non-programmatic factors mentioned above can be a first step in supporting those who have decided to settle in these areas.Rejoining a former armed group or joining a new one may be a result of the real, or perceived, absence of viable alternatives to armed conflict as a means of subsistence and as an avenue for social integration and political change (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The reasons why individuals join armed groups are diverse and may include grievances linked to social status, self- defence, a lack of jobs and economic opportunities, exclusion, human rights abuses and other real or perceived injustices. Risk of re-recruitment may therefore be higher in contexts where the causes of the conflict remain unresolved and grievances persist, or where there are no viable alternative livelihoods.Community receptivity to returning ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups also impacts the likelihood of return to an armed group. Receptivity is likely to be lower in contexts of ongoing conflict, as returning ex-combatants could constitute a risk to the community. Female ex-combatants, women formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and their children potentially face additional challenges related to community receptivity, including potential stigma that can profoundly impact their ability to reintegrate.The length of time an individual has spent in an armed group will also influence his or her ability to adjust to civilian life and the degree to which he or she is able to build social networks and reconnect. In general, the longer an individual spent with an armed group, the more challenging his or her reintegration process is likely to be. Given this reality, the design of reintegration programmes must be based on solid gender analysis and risk management, which could include mentorships, peer learning, institutional learning and relevant institutional and programmatic linkages.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":386, "Sentence":"In general, the longer an individual spent with an armed group, the more challenging his or her reintegration process is likely to be.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace general longer individual spent armed group challenging reintegration process likely ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.1 Preventing re-recruitment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"As part of sustaining peace, reintegration programmes should plan to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent re-recruitment. The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated into armed groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime, including illicit natural resource exploitation such as mineral mining and poaching. In such war economies, licit and illicit markets may overlap, and criminal networks may constitute an attractive source of income for ex-combatants as well as provide a sense of belonging. Criminal groups could allow ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to regain or retain a social status after leaving their armed force or group, and may bridge feelings of social dislocation in receiving communities.The risk of re-recruitment or involvement in criminal activity increases in contexts where reintegration opportunities are limited and where national and local capacity is low. This is the case when ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups return to areas of high insecurity, where formal and informal economies lack diversity and opportunities are limited to unskilled labour, including agriculture. The conditions in these geographical areas should therefore be considered in the design of reintegration support. Collaborating with actors that are able to influence the non-programmatic factors mentioned above can be a first step in supporting those who have decided to settle in these areas.Rejoining a former armed group or joining a new one may be a result of the real, or perceived, absence of viable alternatives to armed conflict as a means of subsistence and as an avenue for social integration and political change (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The reasons why individuals join armed groups are diverse and may include grievances linked to social status, self- defence, a lack of jobs and economic opportunities, exclusion, human rights abuses and other real or perceived injustices. Risk of re-recruitment may therefore be higher in contexts where the causes of the conflict remain unresolved and grievances persist, or where there are no viable alternative livelihoods.Community receptivity to returning ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups also impacts the likelihood of return to an armed group. Receptivity is likely to be lower in contexts of ongoing conflict, as returning ex-combatants could constitute a risk to the community. Female ex-combatants, women formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and their children potentially face additional challenges related to community receptivity, including potential stigma that can profoundly impact their ability to reintegrate.The length of time an individual has spent in an armed group will also influence his or her ability to adjust to civilian life and the degree to which he or she is able to build social networks and reconnect. In general, the longer an individual spent with an armed group, the more challenging his or her reintegration process is likely to be. Given this reality, the design of reintegration programmes must be based on solid gender analysis and risk management, which could include mentorships, peer learning, institutional learning and relevant institutional and programmatic linkages.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":386, "Sentence":"Given this reality, the design of reintegration programmes must be based on solid gender analysis and risk management, which could include mentorships, peer learning, institutional learning and relevant institutional and programmatic linkages.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace given reality design reintegration programme must based solid gender analysis risk management could include mentorships peer learning institutional learning relevant institutional programmatic linkage ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.2. Entry points and risk mitigation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In settings of ongoing conflict, it is possible that armed groups may splinter and multiply. Some of these armed groups may sign peace agreements while others refuse. Reintegration support to individuals who have exited non-signatory armed groups in ongoing conflict needs to be carefully designed; risk mitigation and adherence to principles such as \u2018do no harm\u2019 shall be ensured. A full DDR programme may in such cases not be the most appropriate response (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Based on conflict analysis and armed group mapping, DDR practitioners should consider direct engagement with armed groups through political negotiations and other DDR- related activities (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). The risks of such engagement should, of course, be properly assessed in advance, and along the way.DDR practitioners and others involved in designing or managing reintegration assistance should also be aware that as a result of the risks of supporting reintegration in settings of ongoing conflict, combined with a possible lack of national political will, legitimacy of governance and weak capacity, programme funding may be difficult to mobilize. Reintegration programmes should therefore be designed in a transparent and flexible manner, scaled appropriately to offer viable opportunities to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups.In line with the shift to peace rather than conflict as the starting point of analysis, programmes should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration. In ongoing conflict contexts, these entry points could include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence. These pilot areas could serve as models for other areas to follow. Reintegration support provided as part of a pilot effort would likely set the bar for future assistance and establish expectations for other groups that may need to be met to ensure equity and to avoid negative outcomes.Additional entry points for reintegration support in ongoing conflict may be a particular armed group whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors. Reintegration programmes should consider local champions, known figures to support such efforts from local government, tribal, religious and community leadership, and private and business actors. These actors can be key in generating peace dividends and building the necessary trust and support for the programme.For more detail on entry points and risks regarding reintegration support during armed conflict, see section 9 of IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":387, "Sentence":"In settings of ongoing conflict, it is possible that armed groups may splinter and multiply.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace setting ongoing conflict possible armed group may splinter multiply ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.2. Entry points and risk mitigation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In settings of ongoing conflict, it is possible that armed groups may splinter and multiply. Some of these armed groups may sign peace agreements while others refuse. Reintegration support to individuals who have exited non-signatory armed groups in ongoing conflict needs to be carefully designed; risk mitigation and adherence to principles such as \u2018do no harm\u2019 shall be ensured. A full DDR programme may in such cases not be the most appropriate response (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Based on conflict analysis and armed group mapping, DDR practitioners should consider direct engagement with armed groups through political negotiations and other DDR- related activities (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). The risks of such engagement should, of course, be properly assessed in advance, and along the way.DDR practitioners and others involved in designing or managing reintegration assistance should also be aware that as a result of the risks of supporting reintegration in settings of ongoing conflict, combined with a possible lack of national political will, legitimacy of governance and weak capacity, programme funding may be difficult to mobilize. Reintegration programmes should therefore be designed in a transparent and flexible manner, scaled appropriately to offer viable opportunities to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups.In line with the shift to peace rather than conflict as the starting point of analysis, programmes should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration. In ongoing conflict contexts, these entry points could include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence. These pilot areas could serve as models for other areas to follow. Reintegration support provided as part of a pilot effort would likely set the bar for future assistance and establish expectations for other groups that may need to be met to ensure equity and to avoid negative outcomes.Additional entry points for reintegration support in ongoing conflict may be a particular armed group whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors. Reintegration programmes should consider local champions, known figures to support such efforts from local government, tribal, religious and community leadership, and private and business actors. These actors can be key in generating peace dividends and building the necessary trust and support for the programme.For more detail on entry points and risks regarding reintegration support during armed conflict, see section 9 of IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":387, "Sentence":"Some of these armed groups may sign peace agreements while others refuse.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace armed group may sign peace agreement others refuse ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.2. Entry points and risk mitigation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In settings of ongoing conflict, it is possible that armed groups may splinter and multiply. Some of these armed groups may sign peace agreements while others refuse. Reintegration support to individuals who have exited non-signatory armed groups in ongoing conflict needs to be carefully designed; risk mitigation and adherence to principles such as \u2018do no harm\u2019 shall be ensured. A full DDR programme may in such cases not be the most appropriate response (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Based on conflict analysis and armed group mapping, DDR practitioners should consider direct engagement with armed groups through political negotiations and other DDR- related activities (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). The risks of such engagement should, of course, be properly assessed in advance, and along the way.DDR practitioners and others involved in designing or managing reintegration assistance should also be aware that as a result of the risks of supporting reintegration in settings of ongoing conflict, combined with a possible lack of national political will, legitimacy of governance and weak capacity, programme funding may be difficult to mobilize. Reintegration programmes should therefore be designed in a transparent and flexible manner, scaled appropriately to offer viable opportunities to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups.In line with the shift to peace rather than conflict as the starting point of analysis, programmes should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration. In ongoing conflict contexts, these entry points could include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence. These pilot areas could serve as models for other areas to follow. Reintegration support provided as part of a pilot effort would likely set the bar for future assistance and establish expectations for other groups that may need to be met to ensure equity and to avoid negative outcomes.Additional entry points for reintegration support in ongoing conflict may be a particular armed group whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors. Reintegration programmes should consider local champions, known figures to support such efforts from local government, tribal, religious and community leadership, and private and business actors. These actors can be key in generating peace dividends and building the necessary trust and support for the programme.For more detail on entry points and risks regarding reintegration support during armed conflict, see section 9 of IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":387, "Sentence":"Reintegration support to individuals who have exited non-signatory armed groups in ongoing conflict needs to be carefully designed; risk mitigation and adherence to principles such as \u2018do no harm\u2019 shall be ensured.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration support individual exited nonsignatory armed group ongoing conflict need carefully designed risk mitigation adherence principle \u2018 harm \u2019 shall ensured ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.2. Entry points and risk mitigation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In settings of ongoing conflict, it is possible that armed groups may splinter and multiply. Some of these armed groups may sign peace agreements while others refuse. Reintegration support to individuals who have exited non-signatory armed groups in ongoing conflict needs to be carefully designed; risk mitigation and adherence to principles such as \u2018do no harm\u2019 shall be ensured. A full DDR programme may in such cases not be the most appropriate response (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Based on conflict analysis and armed group mapping, DDR practitioners should consider direct engagement with armed groups through political negotiations and other DDR- related activities (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). The risks of such engagement should, of course, be properly assessed in advance, and along the way.DDR practitioners and others involved in designing or managing reintegration assistance should also be aware that as a result of the risks of supporting reintegration in settings of ongoing conflict, combined with a possible lack of national political will, legitimacy of governance and weak capacity, programme funding may be difficult to mobilize. Reintegration programmes should therefore be designed in a transparent and flexible manner, scaled appropriately to offer viable opportunities to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups.In line with the shift to peace rather than conflict as the starting point of analysis, programmes should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration. In ongoing conflict contexts, these entry points could include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence. These pilot areas could serve as models for other areas to follow. Reintegration support provided as part of a pilot effort would likely set the bar for future assistance and establish expectations for other groups that may need to be met to ensure equity and to avoid negative outcomes.Additional entry points for reintegration support in ongoing conflict may be a particular armed group whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors. Reintegration programmes should consider local champions, known figures to support such efforts from local government, tribal, religious and community leadership, and private and business actors. These actors can be key in generating peace dividends and building the necessary trust and support for the programme.For more detail on entry points and risks regarding reintegration support during armed conflict, see section 9 of IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":387, "Sentence":"A full DDR programme may in such cases not be the most appropriate response (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace full ddr programme may case appropriate response see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.2. Entry points and risk mitigation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In settings of ongoing conflict, it is possible that armed groups may splinter and multiply. Some of these armed groups may sign peace agreements while others refuse. Reintegration support to individuals who have exited non-signatory armed groups in ongoing conflict needs to be carefully designed; risk mitigation and adherence to principles such as \u2018do no harm\u2019 shall be ensured. A full DDR programme may in such cases not be the most appropriate response (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Based on conflict analysis and armed group mapping, DDR practitioners should consider direct engagement with armed groups through political negotiations and other DDR- related activities (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). The risks of such engagement should, of course, be properly assessed in advance, and along the way.DDR practitioners and others involved in designing or managing reintegration assistance should also be aware that as a result of the risks of supporting reintegration in settings of ongoing conflict, combined with a possible lack of national political will, legitimacy of governance and weak capacity, programme funding may be difficult to mobilize. Reintegration programmes should therefore be designed in a transparent and flexible manner, scaled appropriately to offer viable opportunities to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups.In line with the shift to peace rather than conflict as the starting point of analysis, programmes should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration. In ongoing conflict contexts, these entry points could include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence. These pilot areas could serve as models for other areas to follow. Reintegration support provided as part of a pilot effort would likely set the bar for future assistance and establish expectations for other groups that may need to be met to ensure equity and to avoid negative outcomes.Additional entry points for reintegration support in ongoing conflict may be a particular armed group whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors. Reintegration programmes should consider local champions, known figures to support such efforts from local government, tribal, religious and community leadership, and private and business actors. These actors can be key in generating peace dividends and building the necessary trust and support for the programme.For more detail on entry points and risks regarding reintegration support during armed conflict, see section 9 of IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":387, "Sentence":"Based on conflict analysis and armed group mapping, DDR practitioners should consider direct engagement with armed groups through political negotiations and other DDR- related activities (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace based conflict analysis armed group mapping ddr practitioner consider direct engagement armed group political negotiation ddr related activity see iddrs 2.20 politics ddr iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.2. Entry points and risk mitigation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In settings of ongoing conflict, it is possible that armed groups may splinter and multiply. Some of these armed groups may sign peace agreements while others refuse. Reintegration support to individuals who have exited non-signatory armed groups in ongoing conflict needs to be carefully designed; risk mitigation and adherence to principles such as \u2018do no harm\u2019 shall be ensured. A full DDR programme may in such cases not be the most appropriate response (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Based on conflict analysis and armed group mapping, DDR practitioners should consider direct engagement with armed groups through political negotiations and other DDR- related activities (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). The risks of such engagement should, of course, be properly assessed in advance, and along the way.DDR practitioners and others involved in designing or managing reintegration assistance should also be aware that as a result of the risks of supporting reintegration in settings of ongoing conflict, combined with a possible lack of national political will, legitimacy of governance and weak capacity, programme funding may be difficult to mobilize. Reintegration programmes should therefore be designed in a transparent and flexible manner, scaled appropriately to offer viable opportunities to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups.In line with the shift to peace rather than conflict as the starting point of analysis, programmes should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration. In ongoing conflict contexts, these entry points could include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence. These pilot areas could serve as models for other areas to follow. Reintegration support provided as part of a pilot effort would likely set the bar for future assistance and establish expectations for other groups that may need to be met to ensure equity and to avoid negative outcomes.Additional entry points for reintegration support in ongoing conflict may be a particular armed group whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors. Reintegration programmes should consider local champions, known figures to support such efforts from local government, tribal, religious and community leadership, and private and business actors. These actors can be key in generating peace dividends and building the necessary trust and support for the programme.For more detail on entry points and risks regarding reintegration support during armed conflict, see section 9 of IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":387, "Sentence":"The risks of such engagement should, of course, be properly assessed in advance, and along the way.DDR practitioners and others involved in designing or managing reintegration assistance should also be aware that as a result of the risks of supporting reintegration in settings of ongoing conflict, combined with a possible lack of national political will, legitimacy of governance and weak capacity, programme funding may be difficult to mobilize.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace risk engagement course properly assessed advance along way.ddr practitioner others involved designing managing reintegration assistance also aware result risk supporting reintegration setting ongoing conflict combined possible lack national political legitimacy governance weak capacity programme funding may difficult mobilize ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.2. Entry points and risk mitigation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In settings of ongoing conflict, it is possible that armed groups may splinter and multiply. Some of these armed groups may sign peace agreements while others refuse. Reintegration support to individuals who have exited non-signatory armed groups in ongoing conflict needs to be carefully designed; risk mitigation and adherence to principles such as \u2018do no harm\u2019 shall be ensured. A full DDR programme may in such cases not be the most appropriate response (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Based on conflict analysis and armed group mapping, DDR practitioners should consider direct engagement with armed groups through political negotiations and other DDR- related activities (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). The risks of such engagement should, of course, be properly assessed in advance, and along the way.DDR practitioners and others involved in designing or managing reintegration assistance should also be aware that as a result of the risks of supporting reintegration in settings of ongoing conflict, combined with a possible lack of national political will, legitimacy of governance and weak capacity, programme funding may be difficult to mobilize. Reintegration programmes should therefore be designed in a transparent and flexible manner, scaled appropriately to offer viable opportunities to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups.In line with the shift to peace rather than conflict as the starting point of analysis, programmes should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration. In ongoing conflict contexts, these entry points could include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence. These pilot areas could serve as models for other areas to follow. Reintegration support provided as part of a pilot effort would likely set the bar for future assistance and establish expectations for other groups that may need to be met to ensure equity and to avoid negative outcomes.Additional entry points for reintegration support in ongoing conflict may be a particular armed group whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors. Reintegration programmes should consider local champions, known figures to support such efforts from local government, tribal, religious and community leadership, and private and business actors. These actors can be key in generating peace dividends and building the necessary trust and support for the programme.For more detail on entry points and risks regarding reintegration support during armed conflict, see section 9 of IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":387, "Sentence":"Reintegration programmes should therefore be designed in a transparent and flexible manner, scaled appropriately to offer viable opportunities to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups.In line with the shift to peace rather than conflict as the starting point of analysis, programmes should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration programme therefore designed transparent flexible manner scaled appropriately offer viable opportunity excombatants person formerly associated armed groups.in line shift peace rather conflict starting point analysis programme seek identify positive entry point supporting reintegration ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.2. Entry points and risk mitigation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In settings of ongoing conflict, it is possible that armed groups may splinter and multiply. Some of these armed groups may sign peace agreements while others refuse. Reintegration support to individuals who have exited non-signatory armed groups in ongoing conflict needs to be carefully designed; risk mitigation and adherence to principles such as \u2018do no harm\u2019 shall be ensured. A full DDR programme may in such cases not be the most appropriate response (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Based on conflict analysis and armed group mapping, DDR practitioners should consider direct engagement with armed groups through political negotiations and other DDR- related activities (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). The risks of such engagement should, of course, be properly assessed in advance, and along the way.DDR practitioners and others involved in designing or managing reintegration assistance should also be aware that as a result of the risks of supporting reintegration in settings of ongoing conflict, combined with a possible lack of national political will, legitimacy of governance and weak capacity, programme funding may be difficult to mobilize. Reintegration programmes should therefore be designed in a transparent and flexible manner, scaled appropriately to offer viable opportunities to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups.In line with the shift to peace rather than conflict as the starting point of analysis, programmes should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration. In ongoing conflict contexts, these entry points could include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence. These pilot areas could serve as models for other areas to follow. Reintegration support provided as part of a pilot effort would likely set the bar for future assistance and establish expectations for other groups that may need to be met to ensure equity and to avoid negative outcomes.Additional entry points for reintegration support in ongoing conflict may be a particular armed group whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors. Reintegration programmes should consider local champions, known figures to support such efforts from local government, tribal, religious and community leadership, and private and business actors. These actors can be key in generating peace dividends and building the necessary trust and support for the programme.For more detail on entry points and risks regarding reintegration support during armed conflict, see section 9 of IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":387, "Sentence":"In ongoing conflict contexts, these entry points could include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace ongoing conflict context entry point could include geographical area reintegration likely succeed pocket peace affected military operation type armed violence ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.2. Entry points and risk mitigation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In settings of ongoing conflict, it is possible that armed groups may splinter and multiply. Some of these armed groups may sign peace agreements while others refuse. Reintegration support to individuals who have exited non-signatory armed groups in ongoing conflict needs to be carefully designed; risk mitigation and adherence to principles such as \u2018do no harm\u2019 shall be ensured. A full DDR programme may in such cases not be the most appropriate response (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Based on conflict analysis and armed group mapping, DDR practitioners should consider direct engagement with armed groups through political negotiations and other DDR- related activities (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). The risks of such engagement should, of course, be properly assessed in advance, and along the way.DDR practitioners and others involved in designing or managing reintegration assistance should also be aware that as a result of the risks of supporting reintegration in settings of ongoing conflict, combined with a possible lack of national political will, legitimacy of governance and weak capacity, programme funding may be difficult to mobilize. Reintegration programmes should therefore be designed in a transparent and flexible manner, scaled appropriately to offer viable opportunities to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups.In line with the shift to peace rather than conflict as the starting point of analysis, programmes should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration. In ongoing conflict contexts, these entry points could include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence. These pilot areas could serve as models for other areas to follow. Reintegration support provided as part of a pilot effort would likely set the bar for future assistance and establish expectations for other groups that may need to be met to ensure equity and to avoid negative outcomes.Additional entry points for reintegration support in ongoing conflict may be a particular armed group whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors. Reintegration programmes should consider local champions, known figures to support such efforts from local government, tribal, religious and community leadership, and private and business actors. These actors can be key in generating peace dividends and building the necessary trust and support for the programme.For more detail on entry points and risks regarding reintegration support during armed conflict, see section 9 of IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":387, "Sentence":"These pilot areas could serve as models for other areas to follow.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace pilot area could serve model area follow ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.2. Entry points and risk mitigation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In settings of ongoing conflict, it is possible that armed groups may splinter and multiply. Some of these armed groups may sign peace agreements while others refuse. Reintegration support to individuals who have exited non-signatory armed groups in ongoing conflict needs to be carefully designed; risk mitigation and adherence to principles such as \u2018do no harm\u2019 shall be ensured. A full DDR programme may in such cases not be the most appropriate response (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Based on conflict analysis and armed group mapping, DDR practitioners should consider direct engagement with armed groups through political negotiations and other DDR- related activities (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). The risks of such engagement should, of course, be properly assessed in advance, and along the way.DDR practitioners and others involved in designing or managing reintegration assistance should also be aware that as a result of the risks of supporting reintegration in settings of ongoing conflict, combined with a possible lack of national political will, legitimacy of governance and weak capacity, programme funding may be difficult to mobilize. Reintegration programmes should therefore be designed in a transparent and flexible manner, scaled appropriately to offer viable opportunities to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups.In line with the shift to peace rather than conflict as the starting point of analysis, programmes should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration. In ongoing conflict contexts, these entry points could include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence. These pilot areas could serve as models for other areas to follow. Reintegration support provided as part of a pilot effort would likely set the bar for future assistance and establish expectations for other groups that may need to be met to ensure equity and to avoid negative outcomes.Additional entry points for reintegration support in ongoing conflict may be a particular armed group whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors. Reintegration programmes should consider local champions, known figures to support such efforts from local government, tribal, religious and community leadership, and private and business actors. These actors can be key in generating peace dividends and building the necessary trust and support for the programme.For more detail on entry points and risks regarding reintegration support during armed conflict, see section 9 of IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":387, "Sentence":"Reintegration support provided as part of a pilot effort would likely set the bar for future assistance and establish expectations for other groups that may need to be met to ensure equity and to avoid negative outcomes.Additional entry points for reintegration support in ongoing conflict may be a particular armed group whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration support provided part pilot effort would likely set bar future assistance establish expectation group may need met ensure equity avoid negative outcomes.additional entry point reintegration support ongoing conflict may particular armed group whose member shown willingness leave assessed likely reintegrate specific reintegration intervention involving local economy partner function pull factor ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.2. Entry points and risk mitigation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In settings of ongoing conflict, it is possible that armed groups may splinter and multiply. Some of these armed groups may sign peace agreements while others refuse. Reintegration support to individuals who have exited non-signatory armed groups in ongoing conflict needs to be carefully designed; risk mitigation and adherence to principles such as \u2018do no harm\u2019 shall be ensured. A full DDR programme may in such cases not be the most appropriate response (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Based on conflict analysis and armed group mapping, DDR practitioners should consider direct engagement with armed groups through political negotiations and other DDR- related activities (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). The risks of such engagement should, of course, be properly assessed in advance, and along the way.DDR practitioners and others involved in designing or managing reintegration assistance should also be aware that as a result of the risks of supporting reintegration in settings of ongoing conflict, combined with a possible lack of national political will, legitimacy of governance and weak capacity, programme funding may be difficult to mobilize. Reintegration programmes should therefore be designed in a transparent and flexible manner, scaled appropriately to offer viable opportunities to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups.In line with the shift to peace rather than conflict as the starting point of analysis, programmes should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration. In ongoing conflict contexts, these entry points could include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence. These pilot areas could serve as models for other areas to follow. Reintegration support provided as part of a pilot effort would likely set the bar for future assistance and establish expectations for other groups that may need to be met to ensure equity and to avoid negative outcomes.Additional entry points for reintegration support in ongoing conflict may be a particular armed group whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors. Reintegration programmes should consider local champions, known figures to support such efforts from local government, tribal, religious and community leadership, and private and business actors. These actors can be key in generating peace dividends and building the necessary trust and support for the programme.For more detail on entry points and risks regarding reintegration support during armed conflict, see section 9 of IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":387, "Sentence":"Reintegration programmes should consider local champions, known figures to support such efforts from local government, tribal, religious and community leadership, and private and business actors.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace reintegration programme consider local champion known figure support effort local government tribal religious community leadership private business actor ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.2 Reintegration support for conflict prevention", "Heading3":"5.2.2. Entry points and risk mitigation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In settings of ongoing conflict, it is possible that armed groups may splinter and multiply. Some of these armed groups may sign peace agreements while others refuse. Reintegration support to individuals who have exited non-signatory armed groups in ongoing conflict needs to be carefully designed; risk mitigation and adherence to principles such as \u2018do no harm\u2019 shall be ensured. A full DDR programme may in such cases not be the most appropriate response (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Based on conflict analysis and armed group mapping, DDR practitioners should consider direct engagement with armed groups through political negotiations and other DDR- related activities (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). The risks of such engagement should, of course, be properly assessed in advance, and along the way.DDR practitioners and others involved in designing or managing reintegration assistance should also be aware that as a result of the risks of supporting reintegration in settings of ongoing conflict, combined with a possible lack of national political will, legitimacy of governance and weak capacity, programme funding may be difficult to mobilize. Reintegration programmes should therefore be designed in a transparent and flexible manner, scaled appropriately to offer viable opportunities to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups.In line with the shift to peace rather than conflict as the starting point of analysis, programmes should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration. In ongoing conflict contexts, these entry points could include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence. These pilot areas could serve as models for other areas to follow. Reintegration support provided as part of a pilot effort would likely set the bar for future assistance and establish expectations for other groups that may need to be met to ensure equity and to avoid negative outcomes.Additional entry points for reintegration support in ongoing conflict may be a particular armed group whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors. Reintegration programmes should consider local champions, known figures to support such efforts from local government, tribal, religious and community leadership, and private and business actors. These actors can be key in generating peace dividends and building the necessary trust and support for the programme.For more detail on entry points and risks regarding reintegration support during armed conflict, see section 9 of IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":387, "Sentence":"These actors can be key in generating peace dividends and building the necessary trust and support for the programme.For more detail on entry points and risks regarding reintegration support during armed conflict, see section 9 of IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace actor key generating peace dividend building necessary trust support programme.for detail entry point risk regarding reintegration support armed conflict see section 9 iddrs 4.30 reintegration ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.4 Amnesty and other special justice measures during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In the absence of a peace agreement, reintegration support during ongoing conflict may follow amnesty or other legal processes. An amnesty act or special justice law is usually adopted to encourage combatants to lay down weapons and report to authorities; if they do so they usually receive pardon for having joined armed groups or, in the case of common crimes, reduced sentences.These provisions may also encourage dialogue with armed groups, promote return to communities and support reconciliation through transitional justice and reparations at the community level. Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups typically receive documentation attesting to the fact that they benefitted from amnesty under these provisions and are free to rejoin their families and communities (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). To ensure that amnesty processes are successful, they should include reintegration support to those reporting to the \u2018Amnesty Commission\u2019 and\/or relevant authorities.Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions encourages States to grant amnesties for mere participation in hostilities as a means of encouraging armed groups to comply with international humanitarian law. It recognizes that amnesties may also help to facilitate peace negotiations or enable a process of reconciliation. However, amnesties should not be granted for war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":388, "Sentence":"In the absence of a peace agreement, reintegration support during ongoing conflict may follow amnesty or other legal processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace absence peace agreement reintegration support ongoing conflict may follow amnesty legal process ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.4 Amnesty and other special justice measures during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In the absence of a peace agreement, reintegration support during ongoing conflict may follow amnesty or other legal processes. An amnesty act or special justice law is usually adopted to encourage combatants to lay down weapons and report to authorities; if they do so they usually receive pardon for having joined armed groups or, in the case of common crimes, reduced sentences.These provisions may also encourage dialogue with armed groups, promote return to communities and support reconciliation through transitional justice and reparations at the community level. Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups typically receive documentation attesting to the fact that they benefitted from amnesty under these provisions and are free to rejoin their families and communities (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). To ensure that amnesty processes are successful, they should include reintegration support to those reporting to the \u2018Amnesty Commission\u2019 and\/or relevant authorities.Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions encourages States to grant amnesties for mere participation in hostilities as a means of encouraging armed groups to comply with international humanitarian law. It recognizes that amnesties may also help to facilitate peace negotiations or enable a process of reconciliation. However, amnesties should not be granted for war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":388, "Sentence":"An amnesty act or special justice law is usually adopted to encourage combatants to lay down weapons and report to authorities; if they do so they usually receive pardon for having joined armed groups or, in the case of common crimes, reduced sentences.These provisions may also encourage dialogue with armed groups, promote return to communities and support reconciliation through transitional justice and reparations at the community level.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace amnesty act special justice law usually adopted encourage combatant lay weapon report authority usually receive pardon joined armed group case common crime reduced sentences.these provision may also encourage dialogue armed group promote return community support reconciliation transitional justice reparation community level ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.4 Amnesty and other special justice measures during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In the absence of a peace agreement, reintegration support during ongoing conflict may follow amnesty or other legal processes. An amnesty act or special justice law is usually adopted to encourage combatants to lay down weapons and report to authorities; if they do so they usually receive pardon for having joined armed groups or, in the case of common crimes, reduced sentences.These provisions may also encourage dialogue with armed groups, promote return to communities and support reconciliation through transitional justice and reparations at the community level. Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups typically receive documentation attesting to the fact that they benefitted from amnesty under these provisions and are free to rejoin their families and communities (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). To ensure that amnesty processes are successful, they should include reintegration support to those reporting to the \u2018Amnesty Commission\u2019 and\/or relevant authorities.Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions encourages States to grant amnesties for mere participation in hostilities as a means of encouraging armed groups to comply with international humanitarian law. It recognizes that amnesties may also help to facilitate peace negotiations or enable a process of reconciliation. However, amnesties should not be granted for war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":388, "Sentence":"Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups typically receive documentation attesting to the fact that they benefitted from amnesty under these provisions and are free to rejoin their families and communities (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace ex combatant person formerly associated armed force group typically receive documentation attesting fact benefitted amnesty provision free rejoin family community see iddrs 4.20 demobilization ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.4 Amnesty and other special justice measures during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In the absence of a peace agreement, reintegration support during ongoing conflict may follow amnesty or other legal processes. An amnesty act or special justice law is usually adopted to encourage combatants to lay down weapons and report to authorities; if they do so they usually receive pardon for having joined armed groups or, in the case of common crimes, reduced sentences.These provisions may also encourage dialogue with armed groups, promote return to communities and support reconciliation through transitional justice and reparations at the community level. Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups typically receive documentation attesting to the fact that they benefitted from amnesty under these provisions and are free to rejoin their families and communities (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). To ensure that amnesty processes are successful, they should include reintegration support to those reporting to the \u2018Amnesty Commission\u2019 and\/or relevant authorities.Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions encourages States to grant amnesties for mere participation in hostilities as a means of encouraging armed groups to comply with international humanitarian law. It recognizes that amnesties may also help to facilitate peace negotiations or enable a process of reconciliation. However, amnesties should not be granted for war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":388, "Sentence":"To ensure that amnesty processes are successful, they should include reintegration support to those reporting to the \u2018Amnesty Commission\u2019 and\/or relevant authorities.Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions encourages States to grant amnesties for mere participation in hostilities as a means of encouraging armed groups to comply with international humanitarian law.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace ensure amnesty process successful include reintegration support reporting \u2018 amnesty commission \u2019 and\/or relevant authorities.additional protocol ii geneva convention encourages state grant amnesty mere participation hostility mean encouraging armed group comply international humanitarian law ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.4 Amnesty and other special justice measures during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In the absence of a peace agreement, reintegration support during ongoing conflict may follow amnesty or other legal processes. An amnesty act or special justice law is usually adopted to encourage combatants to lay down weapons and report to authorities; if they do so they usually receive pardon for having joined armed groups or, in the case of common crimes, reduced sentences.These provisions may also encourage dialogue with armed groups, promote return to communities and support reconciliation through transitional justice and reparations at the community level. Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups typically receive documentation attesting to the fact that they benefitted from amnesty under these provisions and are free to rejoin their families and communities (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). To ensure that amnesty processes are successful, they should include reintegration support to those reporting to the \u2018Amnesty Commission\u2019 and\/or relevant authorities.Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions encourages States to grant amnesties for mere participation in hostilities as a means of encouraging armed groups to comply with international humanitarian law. It recognizes that amnesties may also help to facilitate peace negotiations or enable a process of reconciliation. However, amnesties should not be granted for war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":388, "Sentence":"It recognizes that amnesties may also help to facilitate peace negotiations or enable a process of reconciliation.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace recognizes amnesty may also help facilitate peace negotiation enable process reconciliation ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.4 Amnesty and other special justice measures during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In the absence of a peace agreement, reintegration support during ongoing conflict may follow amnesty or other legal processes. An amnesty act or special justice law is usually adopted to encourage combatants to lay down weapons and report to authorities; if they do so they usually receive pardon for having joined armed groups or, in the case of common crimes, reduced sentences.These provisions may also encourage dialogue with armed groups, promote return to communities and support reconciliation through transitional justice and reparations at the community level. Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups typically receive documentation attesting to the fact that they benefitted from amnesty under these provisions and are free to rejoin their families and communities (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). To ensure that amnesty processes are successful, they should include reintegration support to those reporting to the \u2018Amnesty Commission\u2019 and\/or relevant authorities.Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions encourages States to grant amnesties for mere participation in hostilities as a means of encouraging armed groups to comply with international humanitarian law. It recognizes that amnesties may also help to facilitate peace negotiations or enable a process of reconciliation. However, amnesties should not be granted for war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":388, "Sentence":"However, amnesties should not be granted for war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace however amnesty granted war crime genocide crime humanity gross violation human right see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr iddrs 6.20 ddr transitional justice ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.5 Common challenges in supporting reintegration during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"In summary, the following are key considerations that, in contexts of ongoing conflict, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning, implementation and evaluation of reintegration programmes should take into account: \\n Conflict and context analysis and assessment will be more challenging to undertake than in post- conflict settings and will need to be frequently updated. \\n There will be increased security risks if ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups: \\n\\n are perceived as traitors by active members of their former group, particularly if the group is still operating in the country, across a nearby border or in the community in which the individual would like to return; \\n\\n become involved in providing information to military or security agencies for the planning of counter-insurgency operations; \\n\\n return to communities still affected by armed conflict and\/or where armed groups operate. \\n Alongside the need for constructive collaboration with military and security agencies, there will be a need to preserve the independence and impartiality of the reintegration programme in order to avoid the perception that the programme is part of the counter-insurgency strategy. \\n The national stakeholders leading reintegration support could have been \u2013 or may still be \u2013 in conflict with the armed groups to which ex-combatants previously belonged. \\n The use of case management is necessary and could include traditional chiefs or religious leaders (imams, bishops, ministers), and trained and supervised providers of mental health services as community supervision officers where appropriate. \\n It is important to work closely with and develop common reintegration strategies with other women, peace and security actors and prevent violence against women and girls. \\n It is important to work closely with and develop common reintegration strategies with programmes aiming to protect children and support the reintegration of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups. More specifically, there is a need to develop common strategies for the prevention of recruitment for youth at risk.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":389, "Sentence":"In summary, the following are key considerations that, in contexts of ongoing conflict, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning, implementation and evaluation of reintegration programmes should take into account: \\n Conflict and context analysis and assessment will be more challenging to undertake than in post- conflict settings and will need to be frequently updated.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace summary following key consideration context ongoing conflict ddr practitioner others involved planning implementation evaluation reintegration programme take account n conflict context analysis assessment challenging undertake post conflict setting need frequently updated ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.5 Common challenges in supporting reintegration during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"In summary, the following are key considerations that, in contexts of ongoing conflict, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning, implementation and evaluation of reintegration programmes should take into account: \\n Conflict and context analysis and assessment will be more challenging to undertake than in post- conflict settings and will need to be frequently updated. \\n There will be increased security risks if ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups: \\n\\n are perceived as traitors by active members of their former group, particularly if the group is still operating in the country, across a nearby border or in the community in which the individual would like to return; \\n\\n become involved in providing information to military or security agencies for the planning of counter-insurgency operations; \\n\\n return to communities still affected by armed conflict and\/or where armed groups operate. \\n Alongside the need for constructive collaboration with military and security agencies, there will be a need to preserve the independence and impartiality of the reintegration programme in order to avoid the perception that the programme is part of the counter-insurgency strategy. \\n The national stakeholders leading reintegration support could have been \u2013 or may still be \u2013 in conflict with the armed groups to which ex-combatants previously belonged. \\n The use of case management is necessary and could include traditional chiefs or religious leaders (imams, bishops, ministers), and trained and supervised providers of mental health services as community supervision officers where appropriate. \\n It is important to work closely with and develop common reintegration strategies with other women, peace and security actors and prevent violence against women and girls. \\n It is important to work closely with and develop common reintegration strategies with programmes aiming to protect children and support the reintegration of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups. More specifically, there is a need to develop common strategies for the prevention of recruitment for youth at risk.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":389, "Sentence":"\\n There will be increased security risks if ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups: \\n\\n are perceived as traitors by active members of their former group, particularly if the group is still operating in the country, across a nearby border or in the community in which the individual would like to return; \\n\\n become involved in providing information to military or security agencies for the planning of counter-insurgency operations; \\n\\n return to communities still affected by armed conflict and\/or where armed groups operate.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n increased security risk excombatants person formerly associated armed force group nn perceived traitor active member former group particularly group still operating country across nearby border community individual would like return nn become involved providing information military security agency planning counterinsurgency operation nn return community still affected armed conflict and\/or armed group operate ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.5 Common challenges in supporting reintegration during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"In summary, the following are key considerations that, in contexts of ongoing conflict, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning, implementation and evaluation of reintegration programmes should take into account: \\n Conflict and context analysis and assessment will be more challenging to undertake than in post- conflict settings and will need to be frequently updated. \\n There will be increased security risks if ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups: \\n\\n are perceived as traitors by active members of their former group, particularly if the group is still operating in the country, across a nearby border or in the community in which the individual would like to return; \\n\\n become involved in providing information to military or security agencies for the planning of counter-insurgency operations; \\n\\n return to communities still affected by armed conflict and\/or where armed groups operate. \\n Alongside the need for constructive collaboration with military and security agencies, there will be a need to preserve the independence and impartiality of the reintegration programme in order to avoid the perception that the programme is part of the counter-insurgency strategy. \\n The national stakeholders leading reintegration support could have been \u2013 or may still be \u2013 in conflict with the armed groups to which ex-combatants previously belonged. \\n The use of case management is necessary and could include traditional chiefs or religious leaders (imams, bishops, ministers), and trained and supervised providers of mental health services as community supervision officers where appropriate. \\n It is important to work closely with and develop common reintegration strategies with other women, peace and security actors and prevent violence against women and girls. \\n It is important to work closely with and develop common reintegration strategies with programmes aiming to protect children and support the reintegration of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups. More specifically, there is a need to develop common strategies for the prevention of recruitment for youth at risk.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":389, "Sentence":"\\n Alongside the need for constructive collaboration with military and security agencies, there will be a need to preserve the independence and impartiality of the reintegration programme in order to avoid the perception that the programme is part of the counter-insurgency strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n alongside need constructive collaboration military security agency need preserve independence impartiality reintegration programme order avoid perception programme part counterinsurgency strategy ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.5 Common challenges in supporting reintegration during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"In summary, the following are key considerations that, in contexts of ongoing conflict, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning, implementation and evaluation of reintegration programmes should take into account: \\n Conflict and context analysis and assessment will be more challenging to undertake than in post- conflict settings and will need to be frequently updated. \\n There will be increased security risks if ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups: \\n\\n are perceived as traitors by active members of their former group, particularly if the group is still operating in the country, across a nearby border or in the community in which the individual would like to return; \\n\\n become involved in providing information to military or security agencies for the planning of counter-insurgency operations; \\n\\n return to communities still affected by armed conflict and\/or where armed groups operate. \\n Alongside the need for constructive collaboration with military and security agencies, there will be a need to preserve the independence and impartiality of the reintegration programme in order to avoid the perception that the programme is part of the counter-insurgency strategy. \\n The national stakeholders leading reintegration support could have been \u2013 or may still be \u2013 in conflict with the armed groups to which ex-combatants previously belonged. \\n The use of case management is necessary and could include traditional chiefs or religious leaders (imams, bishops, ministers), and trained and supervised providers of mental health services as community supervision officers where appropriate. \\n It is important to work closely with and develop common reintegration strategies with other women, peace and security actors and prevent violence against women and girls. \\n It is important to work closely with and develop common reintegration strategies with programmes aiming to protect children and support the reintegration of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups. More specifically, there is a need to develop common strategies for the prevention of recruitment for youth at risk.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":389, "Sentence":"\\n The national stakeholders leading reintegration support could have been \u2013 or may still be \u2013 in conflict with the armed groups to which ex-combatants previously belonged.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n national stakeholder leading reintegration support could \u2013 may still \u2013 conflict armed group excombatants previously belonged ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.5 Common challenges in supporting reintegration during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"In summary, the following are key considerations that, in contexts of ongoing conflict, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning, implementation and evaluation of reintegration programmes should take into account: \\n Conflict and context analysis and assessment will be more challenging to undertake than in post- conflict settings and will need to be frequently updated. \\n There will be increased security risks if ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups: \\n\\n are perceived as traitors by active members of their former group, particularly if the group is still operating in the country, across a nearby border or in the community in which the individual would like to return; \\n\\n become involved in providing information to military or security agencies for the planning of counter-insurgency operations; \\n\\n return to communities still affected by armed conflict and\/or where armed groups operate. \\n Alongside the need for constructive collaboration with military and security agencies, there will be a need to preserve the independence and impartiality of the reintegration programme in order to avoid the perception that the programme is part of the counter-insurgency strategy. \\n The national stakeholders leading reintegration support could have been \u2013 or may still be \u2013 in conflict with the armed groups to which ex-combatants previously belonged. \\n The use of case management is necessary and could include traditional chiefs or religious leaders (imams, bishops, ministers), and trained and supervised providers of mental health services as community supervision officers where appropriate. \\n It is important to work closely with and develop common reintegration strategies with other women, peace and security actors and prevent violence against women and girls. \\n It is important to work closely with and develop common reintegration strategies with programmes aiming to protect children and support the reintegration of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups. More specifically, there is a need to develop common strategies for the prevention of recruitment for youth at risk.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":389, "Sentence":"\\n The use of case management is necessary and could include traditional chiefs or religious leaders (imams, bishops, ministers), and trained and supervised providers of mental health services as community supervision officers where appropriate.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n use case management necessary could include traditional chief religious leader imam bishop minister trained supervised provider mental health service community supervision officer appropriate ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.5 Common challenges in supporting reintegration during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"In summary, the following are key considerations that, in contexts of ongoing conflict, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning, implementation and evaluation of reintegration programmes should take into account: \\n Conflict and context analysis and assessment will be more challenging to undertake than in post- conflict settings and will need to be frequently updated. \\n There will be increased security risks if ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups: \\n\\n are perceived as traitors by active members of their former group, particularly if the group is still operating in the country, across a nearby border or in the community in which the individual would like to return; \\n\\n become involved in providing information to military or security agencies for the planning of counter-insurgency operations; \\n\\n return to communities still affected by armed conflict and\/or where armed groups operate. \\n Alongside the need for constructive collaboration with military and security agencies, there will be a need to preserve the independence and impartiality of the reintegration programme in order to avoid the perception that the programme is part of the counter-insurgency strategy. \\n The national stakeholders leading reintegration support could have been \u2013 or may still be \u2013 in conflict with the armed groups to which ex-combatants previously belonged. \\n The use of case management is necessary and could include traditional chiefs or religious leaders (imams, bishops, ministers), and trained and supervised providers of mental health services as community supervision officers where appropriate. \\n It is important to work closely with and develop common reintegration strategies with other women, peace and security actors and prevent violence against women and girls. \\n It is important to work closely with and develop common reintegration strategies with programmes aiming to protect children and support the reintegration of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups. More specifically, there is a need to develop common strategies for the prevention of recruitment for youth at risk.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":389, "Sentence":"\\n It is important to work closely with and develop common reintegration strategies with other women, peace and security actors and prevent violence against women and girls.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n important work closely develop common reintegration strategy woman peace security actor prevent violence woman girl ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.5 Common challenges in supporting reintegration during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"In summary, the following are key considerations that, in contexts of ongoing conflict, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning, implementation and evaluation of reintegration programmes should take into account: \\n Conflict and context analysis and assessment will be more challenging to undertake than in post- conflict settings and will need to be frequently updated. \\n There will be increased security risks if ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups: \\n\\n are perceived as traitors by active members of their former group, particularly if the group is still operating in the country, across a nearby border or in the community in which the individual would like to return; \\n\\n become involved in providing information to military or security agencies for the planning of counter-insurgency operations; \\n\\n return to communities still affected by armed conflict and\/or where armed groups operate. \\n Alongside the need for constructive collaboration with military and security agencies, there will be a need to preserve the independence and impartiality of the reintegration programme in order to avoid the perception that the programme is part of the counter-insurgency strategy. \\n The national stakeholders leading reintegration support could have been \u2013 or may still be \u2013 in conflict with the armed groups to which ex-combatants previously belonged. \\n The use of case management is necessary and could include traditional chiefs or religious leaders (imams, bishops, ministers), and trained and supervised providers of mental health services as community supervision officers where appropriate. \\n It is important to work closely with and develop common reintegration strategies with other women, peace and security actors and prevent violence against women and girls. \\n It is important to work closely with and develop common reintegration strategies with programmes aiming to protect children and support the reintegration of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups. More specifically, there is a need to develop common strategies for the prevention of recruitment for youth at risk.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":389, "Sentence":"\\n It is important to work closely with and develop common reintegration strategies with programmes aiming to protect children and support the reintegration of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace n important work closely develop common reintegration strategy programme aiming protect child support reintegration child formerly associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#008DCA", "Level":2, "LevelName":"2", "Title":"IDDRS-2.40-Reintegration-as-Part-of-Sustaining-Peace", "Heading1":"5. Reintegration support across the peace continuum", "Heading2":"5.5 Common challenges in supporting reintegration during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"In summary, the following are key considerations that, in contexts of ongoing conflict, DDR practitioners and others involved in the planning, implementation and evaluation of reintegration programmes should take into account: \\n Conflict and context analysis and assessment will be more challenging to undertake than in post- conflict settings and will need to be frequently updated. \\n There will be increased security risks if ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups: \\n\\n are perceived as traitors by active members of their former group, particularly if the group is still operating in the country, across a nearby border or in the community in which the individual would like to return; \\n\\n become involved in providing information to military or security agencies for the planning of counter-insurgency operations; \\n\\n return to communities still affected by armed conflict and\/or where armed groups operate. \\n Alongside the need for constructive collaboration with military and security agencies, there will be a need to preserve the independence and impartiality of the reintegration programme in order to avoid the perception that the programme is part of the counter-insurgency strategy. \\n The national stakeholders leading reintegration support could have been \u2013 or may still be \u2013 in conflict with the armed groups to which ex-combatants previously belonged. \\n The use of case management is necessary and could include traditional chiefs or religious leaders (imams, bishops, ministers), and trained and supervised providers of mental health services as community supervision officers where appropriate. \\n It is important to work closely with and develop common reintegration strategies with other women, peace and security actors and prevent violence against women and girls. \\n It is important to work closely with and develop common reintegration strategies with programmes aiming to protect children and support the reintegration of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups. More specifically, there is a need to develop common strategies for the prevention of recruitment for youth at risk.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":389, "Sentence":"More specifically, there is a need to develop common strategies for the prevention of recruitment for youth at risk.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace specifically need develop common strategy prevention recruitment youth risk ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The base of a well-functioning integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme is the strength of its logistic, financial and administrative performance. If the multifunctional support capabilities, both within and outside peacekeeping missions, operate efficiently, then planning and delivery of logistic support to a DDR programme are more effective.The three central components of DDR logistic requirements include: equipment and services; finance and budgeting; and personnel. Depending on the DDR programme in question, many support services might be necessary in the area of equipment and services, e.g. living and working accommodation, communications, air transport, etc. Details regard- ing finance and budgeting, and personnel logistics for an integrated DDR unit are described in IDDRS 3.41 and 3.42.Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission provides a number of options. Within an integrated mission support structure, logistic support is available for civilian staffing, finances and a range of elements such as transportation, medical services and information technology. In a multidimensional operation, DDR is just one of the components requiring specific logistic needs. Some of the other components may include military and civilian headquarters staff and their functions, or military observers and their activities.When the DDR unit of a mission states its logistic requirements, the delivery of the supplies\/services requested all depends on the quality of information provided to logistics planners by DDR managers. Some of the important information DDR managers need to provide to logistics planners well ahead of time are the estimated total number of ex-com- batants, broken down by sex, age, disability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors. Also, a time-line of the DDR programme is especially helpful.DDR managers must also be aware of long lead times for acquisition of services and materials, as procurement tends to slow down the process. It is also recommended that a list of priority equipment and services, which can be funded by voluntary contributions, is made. Each category of logistic resources (civilian, commercial, military) has distinct advantages and disadvantages, which are largely dependent upon how hostile the operating environ- ment is and the cost.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":390, "Sentence":"The base of a well-functioning integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme is the strength of its logistic, financial and administrative performance.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR base wellfunctioning integrated disarmament demobilization reintegration ddr programme strength logistic financial administrative performance ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The base of a well-functioning integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme is the strength of its logistic, financial and administrative performance. If the multifunctional support capabilities, both within and outside peacekeeping missions, operate efficiently, then planning and delivery of logistic support to a DDR programme are more effective.The three central components of DDR logistic requirements include: equipment and services; finance and budgeting; and personnel. Depending on the DDR programme in question, many support services might be necessary in the area of equipment and services, e.g. living and working accommodation, communications, air transport, etc. Details regard- ing finance and budgeting, and personnel logistics for an integrated DDR unit are described in IDDRS 3.41 and 3.42.Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission provides a number of options. Within an integrated mission support structure, logistic support is available for civilian staffing, finances and a range of elements such as transportation, medical services and information technology. In a multidimensional operation, DDR is just one of the components requiring specific logistic needs. Some of the other components may include military and civilian headquarters staff and their functions, or military observers and their activities.When the DDR unit of a mission states its logistic requirements, the delivery of the supplies\/services requested all depends on the quality of information provided to logistics planners by DDR managers. Some of the important information DDR managers need to provide to logistics planners well ahead of time are the estimated total number of ex-com- batants, broken down by sex, age, disability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors. Also, a time-line of the DDR programme is especially helpful.DDR managers must also be aware of long lead times for acquisition of services and materials, as procurement tends to slow down the process. It is also recommended that a list of priority equipment and services, which can be funded by voluntary contributions, is made. Each category of logistic resources (civilian, commercial, military) has distinct advantages and disadvantages, which are largely dependent upon how hostile the operating environ- ment is and the cost.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":390, "Sentence":"If the multifunctional support capabilities, both within and outside peacekeeping missions, operate efficiently, then planning and delivery of logistic support to a DDR programme are more effective.The three central components of DDR logistic requirements include: equipment and services; finance and budgeting; and personnel.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR multifunctional support capability within outside peacekeeping mission operate efficiently planning delivery logistic support ddr programme effective.the three central component ddr logistic requirement include equipment service finance budgeting personnel ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The base of a well-functioning integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme is the strength of its logistic, financial and administrative performance. If the multifunctional support capabilities, both within and outside peacekeeping missions, operate efficiently, then planning and delivery of logistic support to a DDR programme are more effective.The three central components of DDR logistic requirements include: equipment and services; finance and budgeting; and personnel. Depending on the DDR programme in question, many support services might be necessary in the area of equipment and services, e.g. living and working accommodation, communications, air transport, etc. Details regard- ing finance and budgeting, and personnel logistics for an integrated DDR unit are described in IDDRS 3.41 and 3.42.Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission provides a number of options. Within an integrated mission support structure, logistic support is available for civilian staffing, finances and a range of elements such as transportation, medical services and information technology. In a multidimensional operation, DDR is just one of the components requiring specific logistic needs. Some of the other components may include military and civilian headquarters staff and their functions, or military observers and their activities.When the DDR unit of a mission states its logistic requirements, the delivery of the supplies\/services requested all depends on the quality of information provided to logistics planners by DDR managers. Some of the important information DDR managers need to provide to logistics planners well ahead of time are the estimated total number of ex-com- batants, broken down by sex, age, disability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors. Also, a time-line of the DDR programme is especially helpful.DDR managers must also be aware of long lead times for acquisition of services and materials, as procurement tends to slow down the process. It is also recommended that a list of priority equipment and services, which can be funded by voluntary contributions, is made. Each category of logistic resources (civilian, commercial, military) has distinct advantages and disadvantages, which are largely dependent upon how hostile the operating environ- ment is and the cost.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":390, "Sentence":"Depending on the DDR programme in question, many support services might be necessary in the area of equipment and services, e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR depending ddr programme question many support service might necessary area equipment service e.g ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The base of a well-functioning integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme is the strength of its logistic, financial and administrative performance. If the multifunctional support capabilities, both within and outside peacekeeping missions, operate efficiently, then planning and delivery of logistic support to a DDR programme are more effective.The three central components of DDR logistic requirements include: equipment and services; finance and budgeting; and personnel. Depending on the DDR programme in question, many support services might be necessary in the area of equipment and services, e.g. living and working accommodation, communications, air transport, etc. Details regard- ing finance and budgeting, and personnel logistics for an integrated DDR unit are described in IDDRS 3.41 and 3.42.Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission provides a number of options. Within an integrated mission support structure, logistic support is available for civilian staffing, finances and a range of elements such as transportation, medical services and information technology. In a multidimensional operation, DDR is just one of the components requiring specific logistic needs. Some of the other components may include military and civilian headquarters staff and their functions, or military observers and their activities.When the DDR unit of a mission states its logistic requirements, the delivery of the supplies\/services requested all depends on the quality of information provided to logistics planners by DDR managers. Some of the important information DDR managers need to provide to logistics planners well ahead of time are the estimated total number of ex-com- batants, broken down by sex, age, disability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors. Also, a time-line of the DDR programme is especially helpful.DDR managers must also be aware of long lead times for acquisition of services and materials, as procurement tends to slow down the process. It is also recommended that a list of priority equipment and services, which can be funded by voluntary contributions, is made. Each category of logistic resources (civilian, commercial, military) has distinct advantages and disadvantages, which are largely dependent upon how hostile the operating environ- ment is and the cost.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":390, "Sentence":"living and working accommodation, communications, air transport, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR living working accommodation communication air transport etc ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The base of a well-functioning integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme is the strength of its logistic, financial and administrative performance. If the multifunctional support capabilities, both within and outside peacekeeping missions, operate efficiently, then planning and delivery of logistic support to a DDR programme are more effective.The three central components of DDR logistic requirements include: equipment and services; finance and budgeting; and personnel. Depending on the DDR programme in question, many support services might be necessary in the area of equipment and services, e.g. living and working accommodation, communications, air transport, etc. Details regard- ing finance and budgeting, and personnel logistics for an integrated DDR unit are described in IDDRS 3.41 and 3.42.Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission provides a number of options. Within an integrated mission support structure, logistic support is available for civilian staffing, finances and a range of elements such as transportation, medical services and information technology. In a multidimensional operation, DDR is just one of the components requiring specific logistic needs. Some of the other components may include military and civilian headquarters staff and their functions, or military observers and their activities.When the DDR unit of a mission states its logistic requirements, the delivery of the supplies\/services requested all depends on the quality of information provided to logistics planners by DDR managers. Some of the important information DDR managers need to provide to logistics planners well ahead of time are the estimated total number of ex-com- batants, broken down by sex, age, disability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors. Also, a time-line of the DDR programme is especially helpful.DDR managers must also be aware of long lead times for acquisition of services and materials, as procurement tends to slow down the process. It is also recommended that a list of priority equipment and services, which can be funded by voluntary contributions, is made. Each category of logistic resources (civilian, commercial, military) has distinct advantages and disadvantages, which are largely dependent upon how hostile the operating environ- ment is and the cost.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":390, "Sentence":"Details regard- ing finance and budgeting, and personnel logistics for an integrated DDR unit are described in IDDRS 3.41 and 3.42.Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission provides a number of options.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR detail regard ing finance budgeting personnel logistics integrated ddr unit described iddrs 3.41 3.42.logistic support peacekeeping mission provides number option ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The base of a well-functioning integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme is the strength of its logistic, financial and administrative performance. If the multifunctional support capabilities, both within and outside peacekeeping missions, operate efficiently, then planning and delivery of logistic support to a DDR programme are more effective.The three central components of DDR logistic requirements include: equipment and services; finance and budgeting; and personnel. Depending on the DDR programme in question, many support services might be necessary in the area of equipment and services, e.g. living and working accommodation, communications, air transport, etc. Details regard- ing finance and budgeting, and personnel logistics for an integrated DDR unit are described in IDDRS 3.41 and 3.42.Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission provides a number of options. Within an integrated mission support structure, logistic support is available for civilian staffing, finances and a range of elements such as transportation, medical services and information technology. In a multidimensional operation, DDR is just one of the components requiring specific logistic needs. Some of the other components may include military and civilian headquarters staff and their functions, or military observers and their activities.When the DDR unit of a mission states its logistic requirements, the delivery of the supplies\/services requested all depends on the quality of information provided to logistics planners by DDR managers. Some of the important information DDR managers need to provide to logistics planners well ahead of time are the estimated total number of ex-com- batants, broken down by sex, age, disability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors. Also, a time-line of the DDR programme is especially helpful.DDR managers must also be aware of long lead times for acquisition of services and materials, as procurement tends to slow down the process. It is also recommended that a list of priority equipment and services, which can be funded by voluntary contributions, is made. Each category of logistic resources (civilian, commercial, military) has distinct advantages and disadvantages, which are largely dependent upon how hostile the operating environ- ment is and the cost.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":390, "Sentence":"Within an integrated mission support structure, logistic support is available for civilian staffing, finances and a range of elements such as transportation, medical services and information technology.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR within integrated mission support structure logistic support available civilian staffing finance range element transportation medical service information technology ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The base of a well-functioning integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme is the strength of its logistic, financial and administrative performance. If the multifunctional support capabilities, both within and outside peacekeeping missions, operate efficiently, then planning and delivery of logistic support to a DDR programme are more effective.The three central components of DDR logistic requirements include: equipment and services; finance and budgeting; and personnel. Depending on the DDR programme in question, many support services might be necessary in the area of equipment and services, e.g. living and working accommodation, communications, air transport, etc. Details regard- ing finance and budgeting, and personnel logistics for an integrated DDR unit are described in IDDRS 3.41 and 3.42.Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission provides a number of options. Within an integrated mission support structure, logistic support is available for civilian staffing, finances and a range of elements such as transportation, medical services and information technology. In a multidimensional operation, DDR is just one of the components requiring specific logistic needs. Some of the other components may include military and civilian headquarters staff and their functions, or military observers and their activities.When the DDR unit of a mission states its logistic requirements, the delivery of the supplies\/services requested all depends on the quality of information provided to logistics planners by DDR managers. Some of the important information DDR managers need to provide to logistics planners well ahead of time are the estimated total number of ex-com- batants, broken down by sex, age, disability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors. Also, a time-line of the DDR programme is especially helpful.DDR managers must also be aware of long lead times for acquisition of services and materials, as procurement tends to slow down the process. It is also recommended that a list of priority equipment and services, which can be funded by voluntary contributions, is made. Each category of logistic resources (civilian, commercial, military) has distinct advantages and disadvantages, which are largely dependent upon how hostile the operating environ- ment is and the cost.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":390, "Sentence":"In a multidimensional operation, DDR is just one of the components requiring specific logistic needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR multidimensional operation ddr one component requiring specific logistic need ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The base of a well-functioning integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme is the strength of its logistic, financial and administrative performance. If the multifunctional support capabilities, both within and outside peacekeeping missions, operate efficiently, then planning and delivery of logistic support to a DDR programme are more effective.The three central components of DDR logistic requirements include: equipment and services; finance and budgeting; and personnel. Depending on the DDR programme in question, many support services might be necessary in the area of equipment and services, e.g. living and working accommodation, communications, air transport, etc. Details regard- ing finance and budgeting, and personnel logistics for an integrated DDR unit are described in IDDRS 3.41 and 3.42.Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission provides a number of options. Within an integrated mission support structure, logistic support is available for civilian staffing, finances and a range of elements such as transportation, medical services and information technology. In a multidimensional operation, DDR is just one of the components requiring specific logistic needs. Some of the other components may include military and civilian headquarters staff and their functions, or military observers and their activities.When the DDR unit of a mission states its logistic requirements, the delivery of the supplies\/services requested all depends on the quality of information provided to logistics planners by DDR managers. Some of the important information DDR managers need to provide to logistics planners well ahead of time are the estimated total number of ex-com- batants, broken down by sex, age, disability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors. Also, a time-line of the DDR programme is especially helpful.DDR managers must also be aware of long lead times for acquisition of services and materials, as procurement tends to slow down the process. It is also recommended that a list of priority equipment and services, which can be funded by voluntary contributions, is made. Each category of logistic resources (civilian, commercial, military) has distinct advantages and disadvantages, which are largely dependent upon how hostile the operating environ- ment is and the cost.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":390, "Sentence":"Some of the other components may include military and civilian headquarters staff and their functions, or military observers and their activities.When the DDR unit of a mission states its logistic requirements, the delivery of the supplies\/services requested all depends on the quality of information provided to logistics planners by DDR managers.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR component may include military civilian headquarters staff function military observer activities.when ddr unit mission state logistic requirement delivery supplies\/services requested depends quality information provided logistics planner ddr manager ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The base of a well-functioning integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme is the strength of its logistic, financial and administrative performance. If the multifunctional support capabilities, both within and outside peacekeeping missions, operate efficiently, then planning and delivery of logistic support to a DDR programme are more effective.The three central components of DDR logistic requirements include: equipment and services; finance and budgeting; and personnel. Depending on the DDR programme in question, many support services might be necessary in the area of equipment and services, e.g. living and working accommodation, communications, air transport, etc. Details regard- ing finance and budgeting, and personnel logistics for an integrated DDR unit are described in IDDRS 3.41 and 3.42.Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission provides a number of options. Within an integrated mission support structure, logistic support is available for civilian staffing, finances and a range of elements such as transportation, medical services and information technology. In a multidimensional operation, DDR is just one of the components requiring specific logistic needs. Some of the other components may include military and civilian headquarters staff and their functions, or military observers and their activities.When the DDR unit of a mission states its logistic requirements, the delivery of the supplies\/services requested all depends on the quality of information provided to logistics planners by DDR managers. Some of the important information DDR managers need to provide to logistics planners well ahead of time are the estimated total number of ex-com- batants, broken down by sex, age, disability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors. Also, a time-line of the DDR programme is especially helpful.DDR managers must also be aware of long lead times for acquisition of services and materials, as procurement tends to slow down the process. It is also recommended that a list of priority equipment and services, which can be funded by voluntary contributions, is made. Each category of logistic resources (civilian, commercial, military) has distinct advantages and disadvantages, which are largely dependent upon how hostile the operating environ- ment is and the cost.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":390, "Sentence":"Some of the important information DDR managers need to provide to logistics planners well ahead of time are the estimated total number of ex-com- batants, broken down by sex, age, disability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR important information ddr manager need provide logistics planner well ahead time estimated total number excom batants broken sex age disability illness parties\/groups locations\/sectors ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The base of a well-functioning integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme is the strength of its logistic, financial and administrative performance. If the multifunctional support capabilities, both within and outside peacekeeping missions, operate efficiently, then planning and delivery of logistic support to a DDR programme are more effective.The three central components of DDR logistic requirements include: equipment and services; finance and budgeting; and personnel. Depending on the DDR programme in question, many support services might be necessary in the area of equipment and services, e.g. living and working accommodation, communications, air transport, etc. Details regard- ing finance and budgeting, and personnel logistics for an integrated DDR unit are described in IDDRS 3.41 and 3.42.Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission provides a number of options. Within an integrated mission support structure, logistic support is available for civilian staffing, finances and a range of elements such as transportation, medical services and information technology. In a multidimensional operation, DDR is just one of the components requiring specific logistic needs. Some of the other components may include military and civilian headquarters staff and their functions, or military observers and their activities.When the DDR unit of a mission states its logistic requirements, the delivery of the supplies\/services requested all depends on the quality of information provided to logistics planners by DDR managers. Some of the important information DDR managers need to provide to logistics planners well ahead of time are the estimated total number of ex-com- batants, broken down by sex, age, disability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors. Also, a time-line of the DDR programme is especially helpful.DDR managers must also be aware of long lead times for acquisition of services and materials, as procurement tends to slow down the process. It is also recommended that a list of priority equipment and services, which can be funded by voluntary contributions, is made. Each category of logistic resources (civilian, commercial, military) has distinct advantages and disadvantages, which are largely dependent upon how hostile the operating environ- ment is and the cost.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":390, "Sentence":"Also, a time-line of the DDR programme is especially helpful.DDR managers must also be aware of long lead times for acquisition of services and materials, as procurement tends to slow down the process.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR also timeline ddr programme especially helpful.ddr manager must also aware long lead time acquisition service material procurement tends slow process ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The base of a well-functioning integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme is the strength of its logistic, financial and administrative performance. If the multifunctional support capabilities, both within and outside peacekeeping missions, operate efficiently, then planning and delivery of logistic support to a DDR programme are more effective.The three central components of DDR logistic requirements include: equipment and services; finance and budgeting; and personnel. Depending on the DDR programme in question, many support services might be necessary in the area of equipment and services, e.g. living and working accommodation, communications, air transport, etc. Details regard- ing finance and budgeting, and personnel logistics for an integrated DDR unit are described in IDDRS 3.41 and 3.42.Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission provides a number of options. Within an integrated mission support structure, logistic support is available for civilian staffing, finances and a range of elements such as transportation, medical services and information technology. In a multidimensional operation, DDR is just one of the components requiring specific logistic needs. Some of the other components may include military and civilian headquarters staff and their functions, or military observers and their activities.When the DDR unit of a mission states its logistic requirements, the delivery of the supplies\/services requested all depends on the quality of information provided to logistics planners by DDR managers. Some of the important information DDR managers need to provide to logistics planners well ahead of time are the estimated total number of ex-com- batants, broken down by sex, age, disability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors. Also, a time-line of the DDR programme is especially helpful.DDR managers must also be aware of long lead times for acquisition of services and materials, as procurement tends to slow down the process. It is also recommended that a list of priority equipment and services, which can be funded by voluntary contributions, is made. Each category of logistic resources (civilian, commercial, military) has distinct advantages and disadvantages, which are largely dependent upon how hostile the operating environ- ment is and the cost.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":390, "Sentence":"It is also recommended that a list of priority equipment and services, which can be funded by voluntary contributions, is made.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR also recommended list priority equipment service funded voluntary contribution made ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The base of a well-functioning integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme is the strength of its logistic, financial and administrative performance. If the multifunctional support capabilities, both within and outside peacekeeping missions, operate efficiently, then planning and delivery of logistic support to a DDR programme are more effective.The three central components of DDR logistic requirements include: equipment and services; finance and budgeting; and personnel. Depending on the DDR programme in question, many support services might be necessary in the area of equipment and services, e.g. living and working accommodation, communications, air transport, etc. Details regard- ing finance and budgeting, and personnel logistics for an integrated DDR unit are described in IDDRS 3.41 and 3.42.Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission provides a number of options. Within an integrated mission support structure, logistic support is available for civilian staffing, finances and a range of elements such as transportation, medical services and information technology. In a multidimensional operation, DDR is just one of the components requiring specific logistic needs. Some of the other components may include military and civilian headquarters staff and their functions, or military observers and their activities.When the DDR unit of a mission states its logistic requirements, the delivery of the supplies\/services requested all depends on the quality of information provided to logistics planners by DDR managers. Some of the important information DDR managers need to provide to logistics planners well ahead of time are the estimated total number of ex-com- batants, broken down by sex, age, disability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors. Also, a time-line of the DDR programme is especially helpful.DDR managers must also be aware of long lead times for acquisition of services and materials, as procurement tends to slow down the process. It is also recommended that a list of priority equipment and services, which can be funded by voluntary contributions, is made. Each category of logistic resources (civilian, commercial, military) has distinct advantages and disadvantages, which are largely dependent upon how hostile the operating environ- ment is and the cost.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":390, "Sentence":"Each category of logistic resources (civilian, commercial, military) has distinct advantages and disadvantages, which are largely dependent upon how hostile the operating environ- ment is and the cost.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR category logistic resource civilian commercial military distinct advantage disadvantage largely dependent upon hostile operating environ ment cost ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module provides practitioners with an overview of the integrated mission support concept and explains the planning and delivery of logistic support to a DDR programme. A more detailed treatment of the finance and budgeting aspects of DDR programmes are provided in IDDRS 3.41, while IDDRS 3.42 deals with the issue of personnel and staffing in an integrated DDR unit.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":391, "Sentence":"This module provides practitioners with an overview of the integrated mission support concept and explains the planning and delivery of logistic support to a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR module provides practitioner overview integrated mission support concept explains planning delivery logistic support ddr programme ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module provides practitioners with an overview of the integrated mission support concept and explains the planning and delivery of logistic support to a DDR programme. A more detailed treatment of the finance and budgeting aspects of DDR programmes are provided in IDDRS 3.41, while IDDRS 3.42 deals with the issue of personnel and staffing in an integrated DDR unit.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":391, "Sentence":"A more detailed treatment of the finance and budgeting aspects of DDR programmes are provided in IDDRS 3.41, while IDDRS 3.42 deals with the issue of personnel and staffing in an integrated DDR unit.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR detailed treatment finance budgeting aspect ddr programme provided iddrs 3.41 iddrs 3.42 deal issue personnel staffing integrated ddr unit ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A gives a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":392, "Sentence":"Annex A gives a list of abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR annex give list abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A gives a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":392, "Sentence":"A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR complete glossary term definition abbreviation used series integrated ddr standard iddrs given iddrs 1.20.in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A gives a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":392, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR use consistent language used international organization standardization standard guideline n \u201c \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A gives a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":392, "Sentence":"\\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A gives a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":392, "Sentence":"\\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action . \u201d" }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The effectiveness and responsiveness of a DDR programme relies on the administrative, logistic and financial support it gets from the peacekeeping mission, United Nations (UN) agencies, funds and programmes. DDR is multidimensional and involves multiple actors; as a result, different support capabilities, within and outside the peacekeeping mission, should not be seen in isolation, but should be dealt with together in an integrated way as far as possible to provide maximum flexibility and responsiveness in the implementation of the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":393, "Sentence":"The effectiveness and responsiveness of a DDR programme relies on the administrative, logistic and financial support it gets from the peacekeeping mission, United Nations (UN) agencies, funds and programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR effectiveness responsiveness ddr programme relies administrative logistic financial support get peacekeeping mission united nation un agency fund programme ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The effectiveness and responsiveness of a DDR programme relies on the administrative, logistic and financial support it gets from the peacekeeping mission, United Nations (UN) agencies, funds and programmes. DDR is multidimensional and involves multiple actors; as a result, different support capabilities, within and outside the peacekeeping mission, should not be seen in isolation, but should be dealt with together in an integrated way as far as possible to provide maximum flexibility and responsiveness in the implementation of the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":393, "Sentence":"DDR is multidimensional and involves multiple actors; as a result, different support capabilities, within and outside the peacekeeping mission, should not be seen in isolation, but should be dealt with together in an integrated way as far as possible to provide maximum flexibility and responsiveness in the implementation of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR ddr multidimensional involves multiple actor result different support capability within outside peacekeeping mission seen isolation dealt together integrated way far possible provide maximum flexibility responsiveness implementation ddr programme ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The planning of the logistic support for DDR programmes is guided by the principles, key considerations and approaches outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR; in particular: \\n unity of effort in the planning and implementation of support for all phases of the DDR programme, bearing in mind that different UN (and other) actors have a role to play in support of the DDR programme; \\n accountability, transparency and flexibility in using the most appropriate support mech- anisms available to ensure an efficient and effective DDR programme, from the funding through to logistic support, bearing in mind that DDR activities may not occur sequen- tially (i.e., one after the other); \\n a people-centred approach, by catering for the different and specific needs (such as dietary, medical and gender-specific requirements) of the participants and beneficiaries of the DDR programme; \\n means of ensuring safety and security, which is a major consideration, as reliable estimates of the size and extent of the DDR operation may not be available; contingency planning must therefore also be included in logistics planning.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":394, "Sentence":"The planning of the logistic support for DDR programmes is guided by the principles, key considerations and approaches outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR; in particular: \\n unity of effort in the planning and implementation of support for all phases of the DDR programme, bearing in mind that different UN (and other) actors have a role to play in support of the DDR programme; \\n accountability, transparency and flexibility in using the most appropriate support mech- anisms available to ensure an efficient and effective DDR programme, from the funding through to logistic support, bearing in mind that DDR activities may not occur sequen- tially (i.e., one after the other); \\n a people-centred approach, by catering for the different and specific needs (such as dietary, medical and gender-specific requirements) of the participants and beneficiaries of the DDR programme; \\n means of ensuring safety and security, which is a major consideration, as reliable estimates of the size and extent of the DDR operation may not be available; contingency planning must therefore also be included in logistics planning.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR planning logistic support ddr programme guided principle key consideration approach outlined iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr particular n unity effort planning implementation support phase ddr programme bearing mind different un actor role play support ddr programme n accountability transparency flexibility using appropriate support mech anisms available ensure efficient effective ddr programme funding logistic support bearing mind ddr activity may occur sequen tially i.e . one n peoplecentred approach catering different specific need dietary medical genderspecific requirement participant beneficiary ddr programme n mean ensuring safety security major consideration reliable estimate size extent ddr operation may available contingency planning must therefore also included logistics planning ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. DDR lOgistic requirements", "Heading2":"5.1. Equipment and services", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Depending on the specific character of the DDR programme, some or all of the following support services may be required: \\n living accommodation; \\n camp construction material, including outsourcing of construction and management; \\n fire prevention and precautions, and fire-fighting equipment; \\n working accommodation; \\n office furniture; \\n office equipment and supplies; \\n communications; \\n information technology; \\n medical services capable of responding to different needs; \\n movement control; \\n surface transport; \\n air transport; \\n water; \\n food rations; food preparation and supply arrangements; \\n fuel; \\n general services such as janitorial, waste disposal, etc.; \\n security; \\n management information software, identity card machines; \\n weapons destruction equipment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":395, "Sentence":"Depending on the specific character of the DDR programme, some or all of the following support services may be required: \\n living accommodation; \\n camp construction material, including outsourcing of construction and management; \\n fire prevention and precautions, and fire-fighting equipment; \\n working accommodation; \\n office furniture; \\n office equipment and supplies; \\n communications; \\n information technology; \\n medical services capable of responding to different needs; \\n movement control; \\n surface transport; \\n air transport; \\n water; \\n food rations; food preparation and supply arrangements; \\n fuel; \\n general services such as janitorial, waste disposal, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR depending specific character ddr programme following support service may required n living accommodation n camp construction material including outsourcing construction management n fire prevention precaution firefighting equipment n working accommodation n office furniture n office equipment supply n communication n information technology n medical service capable responding different need n movement control n surface transport n air transport n water n food ration food preparation supply arrangement n fuel n general service janitorial waste disposal etc ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. DDR lOgistic requirements", "Heading2":"5.1. Equipment and services", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Depending on the specific character of the DDR programme, some or all of the following support services may be required: \\n living accommodation; \\n camp construction material, including outsourcing of construction and management; \\n fire prevention and precautions, and fire-fighting equipment; \\n working accommodation; \\n office furniture; \\n office equipment and supplies; \\n communications; \\n information technology; \\n medical services capable of responding to different needs; \\n movement control; \\n surface transport; \\n air transport; \\n water; \\n food rations; food preparation and supply arrangements; \\n fuel; \\n general services such as janitorial, waste disposal, etc.; \\n security; \\n management information software, identity card machines; \\n weapons destruction equipment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":395, "Sentence":"; \\n security; \\n management information software, identity card machines; \\n weapons destruction equipment.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR n security n management information software identity card machine n weapon destruction equipment ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. DDR lOgistic requirements", "Heading2":"5.2. Finance and budgeting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes in a peacekeeping context are funded from a combination of the peace- keeping-assessed budget and voluntary sources, which could come from UN-managed trust funds, World Bank trust funds and direct bilateral support (also see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":396, "Sentence":"DDR programmes in a peacekeeping context are funded from a combination of the peace- keeping-assessed budget and voluntary sources, which could come from UN-managed trust funds, World Bank trust funds and direct bilateral support (also see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR ddr programme peacekeeping context funded combination peace keepingassessed budget voluntary source could come unmanaged trust fund world bank trust fund direct bilateral support also see iddrs 3.41 finance budgeting ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. DDR lOgistic requirements", "Heading2":"5.3. Personnel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The UN takes an integrated approach to DDR, which is reflected in the effort to establish a single integrated DDR unit in the field. The aim of this integrated unit is to facilitate joint planning to ensure the effective and efficient decentralization of the many DDR tasks (also see IDDRS 3.42 on Personnel and Staffing).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":397, "Sentence":"The UN takes an integrated approach to DDR, which is reflected in the effort to establish a single integrated DDR unit in the field.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR un take integrated approach ddr reflected effort establish single integrated ddr unit field ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. DDR lOgistic requirements", "Heading2":"5.3. Personnel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The UN takes an integrated approach to DDR, which is reflected in the effort to establish a single integrated DDR unit in the field. The aim of this integrated unit is to facilitate joint planning to ensure the effective and efficient decentralization of the many DDR tasks (also see IDDRS 3.42 on Personnel and Staffing).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":397, "Sentence":"The aim of this integrated unit is to facilitate joint planning to ensure the effective and efficient decentralization of the many DDR tasks (also see IDDRS 3.42 on Personnel and Staffing).", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR aim integrated unit facilitate joint planning ensure effective efficient decentralization many ddr task also see iddrs 3.42 personnel staffing ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Note that unless otherwise specified, guidelines in this section refer to logistics issues under the direct management of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), or funded through assessed contributions to a peacekeeping mission budget. Other UN agencies, funds and programmes will in most cases need to comply with the rules and procedures govern- ing operations, logistics and the financing of their activities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":398, "Sentence":"Note that unless otherwise specified, guidelines in this section refer to logistics issues under the direct management of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), or funded through assessed contributions to a peacekeeping mission budget.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR note unless otherwise specified guideline section refer logistics issue direct management department peacekeeping operation dpko funded assessed contribution peacekeeping mission budget ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Note that unless otherwise specified, guidelines in this section refer to logistics issues under the direct management of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), or funded through assessed contributions to a peacekeeping mission budget. Other UN agencies, funds and programmes will in most cases need to comply with the rules and procedures govern- ing operations, logistics and the financing of their activities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":398, "Sentence":"Other UN agencies, funds and programmes will in most cases need to comply with the rules and procedures govern- ing operations, logistics and the financing of their activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR un agency fund programme case need comply rule procedure govern ing operation logistics financing activity ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.1. Integrated mission support .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"In a peacekeeping mission, integrated support is provided. This includes civilian staffing, different logistic elements (such as logistics planning, transportation, supply, engineering, communications and information technology, medical services and general services) and finances, which are all considered together to develop the mission support strategy (see figure 1). A peacekeeping mission adopts this general approach for the delivery of logistic support to all mandated programmes, although it also caters to the specific needs of the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":399, "Sentence":"In a peacekeeping mission, integrated support is provided.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR peacekeeping mission integrated support provided ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.1. Integrated mission support .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"In a peacekeeping mission, integrated support is provided. This includes civilian staffing, different logistic elements (such as logistics planning, transportation, supply, engineering, communications and information technology, medical services and general services) and finances, which are all considered together to develop the mission support strategy (see figure 1). A peacekeeping mission adopts this general approach for the delivery of logistic support to all mandated programmes, although it also caters to the specific needs of the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":399, "Sentence":"This includes civilian staffing, different logistic elements (such as logistics planning, transportation, supply, engineering, communications and information technology, medical services and general services) and finances, which are all considered together to develop the mission support strategy (see figure 1).", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR includes civilian staffing different logistic element logistics planning transportation supply engineering communication information technology medical service general service finance considered together develop mission support strategy see figure 1 ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.1. Integrated mission support .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"In a peacekeeping mission, integrated support is provided. This includes civilian staffing, different logistic elements (such as logistics planning, transportation, supply, engineering, communications and information technology, medical services and general services) and finances, which are all considered together to develop the mission support strategy (see figure 1). A peacekeeping mission adopts this general approach for the delivery of logistic support to all mandated programmes, although it also caters to the specific needs of the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":399, "Sentence":"A peacekeeping mission adopts this general approach for the delivery of logistic support to all mandated programmes, although it also caters to the specific needs of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR peacekeeping mission adopts general approach delivery logistic support mandated programme although also caters specific need ddr programme ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.2. A multidimensional operation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"DDR is one component of a multidimensional peacekeeping operation. Other components may include: \\n mission civilian substantive staff and the staff of political, humanitarian, human rights, public information, etc., programmes; \\n military and civilian police headquarters staff and their functions; \\n military observers and their activities; \\n military contingents and their operations; \\n civilian police officers and their activities; \\n formed police units and their operations; \\n UN support staffs; \\n other UN agencies, programmes and funds, as mandated.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":400, "Sentence":"DDR is one component of a multidimensional peacekeeping operation.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR ddr one component multidimensional peacekeeping operation ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.2. A multidimensional operation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"DDR is one component of a multidimensional peacekeeping operation. Other components may include: \\n mission civilian substantive staff and the staff of political, humanitarian, human rights, public information, etc., programmes; \\n military and civilian police headquarters staff and their functions; \\n military observers and their activities; \\n military contingents and their operations; \\n civilian police officers and their activities; \\n formed police units and their operations; \\n UN support staffs; \\n other UN agencies, programmes and funds, as mandated.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":400, "Sentence":"Other components may include: \\n mission civilian substantive staff and the staff of political, humanitarian, human rights, public information, etc., programmes; \\n military and civilian police headquarters staff and their functions; \\n military observers and their activities; \\n military contingents and their operations; \\n civilian police officers and their activities; \\n formed police units and their operations; \\n UN support staffs; \\n other UN agencies, programmes and funds, as mandated.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR component may include n mission civilian substantive staff staff political humanitarian human right public information etc . programme n military civilian police headquarters staff function n military observer activity n military contingent operation n civilian police officer activity n formed police unit operation n un support staff n un agency programme fund mandated ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.3. DDR statement of requirements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The quality and timeliness of DDR logistic support to a peacekeeping mission depend on the quality and timeliness of information provided by DDR planners and managers to logistics planners. DDR programme managers need to state the logistic requirements that fall under the direct managerial or financial scope of the peacekeeping mission and DPKO. In addition, the logistic requirements have to be submitted to the Division of Administration as early as possible to ensure timely logistic support. Some of the more important elements are listed below as a guideline: \\n estimated total number of ex-combatants, broken down according to sex, age, dis- ability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors; \\n estimated total number of weapons, broken down according to type of weap- on, ammunition, explosives, etc.; \\n time-lineoftheentireprogramme, show- ing start\/completion of activities; \\n allocation of resources, materials and services included in the assessed budget; \\n names of all participating UN entities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other implementing partners, with their focal points and telephone numbers\/email addresses; \\n forums\/meetings and other coordination mechanisms where Joint Logistics Operations Centre (JLOC) participation is requested; \\n requirement of office premises, office furniture, office equipment and related services, with locations; \\n ground transport requirements \u2014 types and quantities; \\n air transport requirements; \\n communications requirements, including identity card machines; \\n medical support requirements; \\n number and location of various disarmament sites, camps, cantonments and other facilities; \\n layout of each site, camp\/cantonment with specifications, including: \\n\\n camp\/site management structure with designations and responsibilities of officials; \\n\\n number and type of combatants, and their sex and age; \\n\\n number and type of all categories of staff, including NGOs\u2019 staff, expected in the camp; \\n\\n nature of activities to be conducted in the site\/camp and special requirements for rations storage, distribution of insertion benefits, etc.; \\n\\n security considerations and requirements; \\n\\n preferred type of construction; \\n\\n services\/amenities provided by NGOs; \\n\\n camp services to be provided by the mission, as well as any other specific requirements; \\n\\n dietary restrictions\/considerations; \\n\\n fire-fighting equipment; \\n\\n camp evacuation standard operating procedures; \\n\\n policy on employment of ex-combatants as labourers in camp construction.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":401, "Sentence":"The quality and timeliness of DDR logistic support to a peacekeeping mission depend on the quality and timeliness of information provided by DDR planners and managers to logistics planners.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR quality timeliness ddr logistic support peacekeeping mission depend quality timeliness information provided ddr planner manager logistics planner ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.3. DDR statement of requirements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The quality and timeliness of DDR logistic support to a peacekeeping mission depend on the quality and timeliness of information provided by DDR planners and managers to logistics planners. DDR programme managers need to state the logistic requirements that fall under the direct managerial or financial scope of the peacekeeping mission and DPKO. In addition, the logistic requirements have to be submitted to the Division of Administration as early as possible to ensure timely logistic support. Some of the more important elements are listed below as a guideline: \\n estimated total number of ex-combatants, broken down according to sex, age, dis- ability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors; \\n estimated total number of weapons, broken down according to type of weap- on, ammunition, explosives, etc.; \\n time-lineoftheentireprogramme, show- ing start\/completion of activities; \\n allocation of resources, materials and services included in the assessed budget; \\n names of all participating UN entities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other implementing partners, with their focal points and telephone numbers\/email addresses; \\n forums\/meetings and other coordination mechanisms where Joint Logistics Operations Centre (JLOC) participation is requested; \\n requirement of office premises, office furniture, office equipment and related services, with locations; \\n ground transport requirements \u2014 types and quantities; \\n air transport requirements; \\n communications requirements, including identity card machines; \\n medical support requirements; \\n number and location of various disarmament sites, camps, cantonments and other facilities; \\n layout of each site, camp\/cantonment with specifications, including: \\n\\n camp\/site management structure with designations and responsibilities of officials; \\n\\n number and type of combatants, and their sex and age; \\n\\n number and type of all categories of staff, including NGOs\u2019 staff, expected in the camp; \\n\\n nature of activities to be conducted in the site\/camp and special requirements for rations storage, distribution of insertion benefits, etc.; \\n\\n security considerations and requirements; \\n\\n preferred type of construction; \\n\\n services\/amenities provided by NGOs; \\n\\n camp services to be provided by the mission, as well as any other specific requirements; \\n\\n dietary restrictions\/considerations; \\n\\n fire-fighting equipment; \\n\\n camp evacuation standard operating procedures; \\n\\n policy on employment of ex-combatants as labourers in camp construction.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":401, "Sentence":"DDR programme managers need to state the logistic requirements that fall under the direct managerial or financial scope of the peacekeeping mission and DPKO.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR ddr programme manager need state logistic requirement fall direct managerial financial scope peacekeeping mission dpko ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.3. DDR statement of requirements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The quality and timeliness of DDR logistic support to a peacekeeping mission depend on the quality and timeliness of information provided by DDR planners and managers to logistics planners. DDR programme managers need to state the logistic requirements that fall under the direct managerial or financial scope of the peacekeeping mission and DPKO. In addition, the logistic requirements have to be submitted to the Division of Administration as early as possible to ensure timely logistic support. Some of the more important elements are listed below as a guideline: \\n estimated total number of ex-combatants, broken down according to sex, age, dis- ability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors; \\n estimated total number of weapons, broken down according to type of weap- on, ammunition, explosives, etc.; \\n time-lineoftheentireprogramme, show- ing start\/completion of activities; \\n allocation of resources, materials and services included in the assessed budget; \\n names of all participating UN entities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other implementing partners, with their focal points and telephone numbers\/email addresses; \\n forums\/meetings and other coordination mechanisms where Joint Logistics Operations Centre (JLOC) participation is requested; \\n requirement of office premises, office furniture, office equipment and related services, with locations; \\n ground transport requirements \u2014 types and quantities; \\n air transport requirements; \\n communications requirements, including identity card machines; \\n medical support requirements; \\n number and location of various disarmament sites, camps, cantonments and other facilities; \\n layout of each site, camp\/cantonment with specifications, including: \\n\\n camp\/site management structure with designations and responsibilities of officials; \\n\\n number and type of combatants, and their sex and age; \\n\\n number and type of all categories of staff, including NGOs\u2019 staff, expected in the camp; \\n\\n nature of activities to be conducted in the site\/camp and special requirements for rations storage, distribution of insertion benefits, etc.; \\n\\n security considerations and requirements; \\n\\n preferred type of construction; \\n\\n services\/amenities provided by NGOs; \\n\\n camp services to be provided by the mission, as well as any other specific requirements; \\n\\n dietary restrictions\/considerations; \\n\\n fire-fighting equipment; \\n\\n camp evacuation standard operating procedures; \\n\\n policy on employment of ex-combatants as labourers in camp construction.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":401, "Sentence":"In addition, the logistic requirements have to be submitted to the Division of Administration as early as possible to ensure timely logistic support.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR addition logistic requirement submitted division administration early possible ensure timely logistic support ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.3. DDR statement of requirements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The quality and timeliness of DDR logistic support to a peacekeeping mission depend on the quality and timeliness of information provided by DDR planners and managers to logistics planners. DDR programme managers need to state the logistic requirements that fall under the direct managerial or financial scope of the peacekeeping mission and DPKO. In addition, the logistic requirements have to be submitted to the Division of Administration as early as possible to ensure timely logistic support. Some of the more important elements are listed below as a guideline: \\n estimated total number of ex-combatants, broken down according to sex, age, dis- ability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors; \\n estimated total number of weapons, broken down according to type of weap- on, ammunition, explosives, etc.; \\n time-lineoftheentireprogramme, show- ing start\/completion of activities; \\n allocation of resources, materials and services included in the assessed budget; \\n names of all participating UN entities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other implementing partners, with their focal points and telephone numbers\/email addresses; \\n forums\/meetings and other coordination mechanisms where Joint Logistics Operations Centre (JLOC) participation is requested; \\n requirement of office premises, office furniture, office equipment and related services, with locations; \\n ground transport requirements \u2014 types and quantities; \\n air transport requirements; \\n communications requirements, including identity card machines; \\n medical support requirements; \\n number and location of various disarmament sites, camps, cantonments and other facilities; \\n layout of each site, camp\/cantonment with specifications, including: \\n\\n camp\/site management structure with designations and responsibilities of officials; \\n\\n number and type of combatants, and their sex and age; \\n\\n number and type of all categories of staff, including NGOs\u2019 staff, expected in the camp; \\n\\n nature of activities to be conducted in the site\/camp and special requirements for rations storage, distribution of insertion benefits, etc.; \\n\\n security considerations and requirements; \\n\\n preferred type of construction; \\n\\n services\/amenities provided by NGOs; \\n\\n camp services to be provided by the mission, as well as any other specific requirements; \\n\\n dietary restrictions\/considerations; \\n\\n fire-fighting equipment; \\n\\n camp evacuation standard operating procedures; \\n\\n policy on employment of ex-combatants as labourers in camp construction.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":401, "Sentence":"Some of the more important elements are listed below as a guideline: \\n estimated total number of ex-combatants, broken down according to sex, age, dis- ability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors; \\n estimated total number of weapons, broken down according to type of weap- on, ammunition, explosives, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR important element listed guideline n estimated total number excombatants broken according sex age dis ability illness parties\/groups locations\/sectors n estimated total number weapon broken according type weap ammunition explosive etc ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.3. DDR statement of requirements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The quality and timeliness of DDR logistic support to a peacekeeping mission depend on the quality and timeliness of information provided by DDR planners and managers to logistics planners. DDR programme managers need to state the logistic requirements that fall under the direct managerial or financial scope of the peacekeeping mission and DPKO. In addition, the logistic requirements have to be submitted to the Division of Administration as early as possible to ensure timely logistic support. Some of the more important elements are listed below as a guideline: \\n estimated total number of ex-combatants, broken down according to sex, age, dis- ability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors; \\n estimated total number of weapons, broken down according to type of weap- on, ammunition, explosives, etc.; \\n time-lineoftheentireprogramme, show- ing start\/completion of activities; \\n allocation of resources, materials and services included in the assessed budget; \\n names of all participating UN entities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other implementing partners, with their focal points and telephone numbers\/email addresses; \\n forums\/meetings and other coordination mechanisms where Joint Logistics Operations Centre (JLOC) participation is requested; \\n requirement of office premises, office furniture, office equipment and related services, with locations; \\n ground transport requirements \u2014 types and quantities; \\n air transport requirements; \\n communications requirements, including identity card machines; \\n medical support requirements; \\n number and location of various disarmament sites, camps, cantonments and other facilities; \\n layout of each site, camp\/cantonment with specifications, including: \\n\\n camp\/site management structure with designations and responsibilities of officials; \\n\\n number and type of combatants, and their sex and age; \\n\\n number and type of all categories of staff, including NGOs\u2019 staff, expected in the camp; \\n\\n nature of activities to be conducted in the site\/camp and special requirements for rations storage, distribution of insertion benefits, etc.; \\n\\n security considerations and requirements; \\n\\n preferred type of construction; \\n\\n services\/amenities provided by NGOs; \\n\\n camp services to be provided by the mission, as well as any other specific requirements; \\n\\n dietary restrictions\/considerations; \\n\\n fire-fighting equipment; \\n\\n camp evacuation standard operating procedures; \\n\\n policy on employment of ex-combatants as labourers in camp construction.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":401, "Sentence":"; \\n time-lineoftheentireprogramme, show- ing start\/completion of activities; \\n allocation of resources, materials and services included in the assessed budget; \\n names of all participating UN entities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other implementing partners, with their focal points and telephone numbers\/email addresses; \\n forums\/meetings and other coordination mechanisms where Joint Logistics Operations Centre (JLOC) participation is requested; \\n requirement of office premises, office furniture, office equipment and related services, with locations; \\n ground transport requirements \u2014 types and quantities; \\n air transport requirements; \\n communications requirements, including identity card machines; \\n medical support requirements; \\n number and location of various disarmament sites, camps, cantonments and other facilities; \\n layout of each site, camp\/cantonment with specifications, including: \\n\\n camp\/site management structure with designations and responsibilities of officials; \\n\\n number and type of combatants, and their sex and age; \\n\\n number and type of all categories of staff, including NGOs\u2019 staff, expected in the camp; \\n\\n nature of activities to be conducted in the site\/camp and special requirements for rations storage, distribution of insertion benefits, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR n timelineoftheentireprogramme show ing start\/completion activity n allocation resource material service included assessed budget n name participating un entity nongovernmental organization ngo implementing partner focal point telephone numbers\/email address n forums\/meetings coordination mechanism joint logistics operation centre jloc participation requested n requirement office premise office furniture office equipment related service location n ground transport requirement \u2014 type quantity n air transport requirement n communication requirement including identity card machine n medical support requirement n number location various disarmament site camp cantonment facility n layout site camp\/cantonment specification including nn camp\/site management structure designation responsibility official nn number type combatant sex age nn number type category staff including ngo \u2019 staff expected camp nn nature activity conducted site\/camp special requirement ration storage distribution insertion benefit etc ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.3. DDR statement of requirements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The quality and timeliness of DDR logistic support to a peacekeeping mission depend on the quality and timeliness of information provided by DDR planners and managers to logistics planners. DDR programme managers need to state the logistic requirements that fall under the direct managerial or financial scope of the peacekeeping mission and DPKO. In addition, the logistic requirements have to be submitted to the Division of Administration as early as possible to ensure timely logistic support. Some of the more important elements are listed below as a guideline: \\n estimated total number of ex-combatants, broken down according to sex, age, dis- ability or illness, parties\/groups and locations\/sectors; \\n estimated total number of weapons, broken down according to type of weap- on, ammunition, explosives, etc.; \\n time-lineoftheentireprogramme, show- ing start\/completion of activities; \\n allocation of resources, materials and services included in the assessed budget; \\n names of all participating UN entities, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other implementing partners, with their focal points and telephone numbers\/email addresses; \\n forums\/meetings and other coordination mechanisms where Joint Logistics Operations Centre (JLOC) participation is requested; \\n requirement of office premises, office furniture, office equipment and related services, with locations; \\n ground transport requirements \u2014 types and quantities; \\n air transport requirements; \\n communications requirements, including identity card machines; \\n medical support requirements; \\n number and location of various disarmament sites, camps, cantonments and other facilities; \\n layout of each site, camp\/cantonment with specifications, including: \\n\\n camp\/site management structure with designations and responsibilities of officials; \\n\\n number and type of combatants, and their sex and age; \\n\\n number and type of all categories of staff, including NGOs\u2019 staff, expected in the camp; \\n\\n nature of activities to be conducted in the site\/camp and special requirements for rations storage, distribution of insertion benefits, etc.; \\n\\n security considerations and requirements; \\n\\n preferred type of construction; \\n\\n services\/amenities provided by NGOs; \\n\\n camp services to be provided by the mission, as well as any other specific requirements; \\n\\n dietary restrictions\/considerations; \\n\\n fire-fighting equipment; \\n\\n camp evacuation standard operating procedures; \\n\\n policy on employment of ex-combatants as labourers in camp construction.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":401, "Sentence":"; \\n\\n security considerations and requirements; \\n\\n preferred type of construction; \\n\\n services\/amenities provided by NGOs; \\n\\n camp services to be provided by the mission, as well as any other specific requirements; \\n\\n dietary restrictions\/considerations; \\n\\n fire-fighting equipment; \\n\\n camp evacuation standard operating procedures; \\n\\n policy on employment of ex-combatants as labourers in camp construction.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR nn security consideration requirement nn preferred type construction nn services\/amenities provided ngo nn camp service provided mission well specific requirement nn dietary restrictions\/considerations nn firefighting equipment nn camp evacuation standard operating procedure nn policy employment excombatants labourer camp construction ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.4. Long lead time items .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"For procurement funded from the mission budget (assessed contributions), DDR manag- ers must recognize and build into their planning estimates of the lead times for the acqui- sition of services and materials. Typical lead times for common equipment\/commodities, exclusive of processing and shipping time, are given below: \\n In principle, programme managers should attempt to get all logistic requirements for UN support to DDR funded out of the regular mission budget. Also, they should identify a (small) number of priority pieces of equipment and services that could be funded from voluntary contributions (which often have the ability to procure locally and with shorter lead times) on a reimbursable basis. The procurement of equipment and services in this way should be carried out according to the rules and regulations of individual agencies.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":402, "Sentence":"For procurement funded from the mission budget (assessed contributions), DDR manag- ers must recognize and build into their planning estimates of the lead times for the acqui- sition of services and materials.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR procurement funded mission budget assessed contribution ddr manag er must recognize build planning estimate lead time acqui sition service material ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.4. Long lead time items .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"For procurement funded from the mission budget (assessed contributions), DDR manag- ers must recognize and build into their planning estimates of the lead times for the acqui- sition of services and materials. Typical lead times for common equipment\/commodities, exclusive of processing and shipping time, are given below: \\n In principle, programme managers should attempt to get all logistic requirements for UN support to DDR funded out of the regular mission budget. Also, they should identify a (small) number of priority pieces of equipment and services that could be funded from voluntary contributions (which often have the ability to procure locally and with shorter lead times) on a reimbursable basis. The procurement of equipment and services in this way should be carried out according to the rules and regulations of individual agencies.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":402, "Sentence":"Typical lead times for common equipment\/commodities, exclusive of processing and shipping time, are given below: \\n In principle, programme managers should attempt to get all logistic requirements for UN support to DDR funded out of the regular mission budget.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR typical lead time common equipment\/commodities exclusive processing shipping time given n principle programme manager attempt get logistic requirement un support ddr funded regular mission budget ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.4. Long lead time items .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"For procurement funded from the mission budget (assessed contributions), DDR manag- ers must recognize and build into their planning estimates of the lead times for the acqui- sition of services and materials. Typical lead times for common equipment\/commodities, exclusive of processing and shipping time, are given below: \\n In principle, programme managers should attempt to get all logistic requirements for UN support to DDR funded out of the regular mission budget. Also, they should identify a (small) number of priority pieces of equipment and services that could be funded from voluntary contributions (which often have the ability to procure locally and with shorter lead times) on a reimbursable basis. The procurement of equipment and services in this way should be carried out according to the rules and regulations of individual agencies.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":402, "Sentence":"Also, they should identify a (small) number of priority pieces of equipment and services that could be funded from voluntary contributions (which often have the ability to procure locally and with shorter lead times) on a reimbursable basis.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR also identify small number priority piece equipment service could funded voluntary contribution often ability procure locally shorter lead time reimbursable basis ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.4. Long lead time items .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"For procurement funded from the mission budget (assessed contributions), DDR manag- ers must recognize and build into their planning estimates of the lead times for the acqui- sition of services and materials. Typical lead times for common equipment\/commodities, exclusive of processing and shipping time, are given below: \\n In principle, programme managers should attempt to get all logistic requirements for UN support to DDR funded out of the regular mission budget. Also, they should identify a (small) number of priority pieces of equipment and services that could be funded from voluntary contributions (which often have the ability to procure locally and with shorter lead times) on a reimbursable basis. The procurement of equipment and services in this way should be carried out according to the rules and regulations of individual agencies.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":402, "Sentence":"The procurement of equipment and services in this way should be carried out according to the rules and regulations of individual agencies.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR procurement equipment service way carried according rule regulation individual agency ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.5. Options for the provision of logistic support for DDR activities .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The range of logistic support provided to a programme or activity will normally include a combination of UN civilian, commercial and military resources. Each of these elements has distinct advantages and disadvantages: \\n UN civilian support under direct UN control is easily adjusted to programme-specific requirements, and can operate in all but the most hostile environment; however, it takes time to assemble the required personnel and equipment, and to establish the necessary organization; \\n Commercial support comes fully staffed and equipped, but it takes time to put the appro- priate contractual arrangements in place, and commercial support cannot always be relied on to operate in hostile conditions; \\n Military support can operate in the most hostile environments, can be mobilized rela- tively quickly (depending on the troop-contributing country) and comes fully staffed and equipped. However, military support lacks continuity, because of the need to rotate personnel every 6\u201312 months. It can also be expensive.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":403, "Sentence":"The range of logistic support provided to a programme or activity will normally include a combination of UN civilian, commercial and military resources.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR range logistic support provided programme activity normally include combination un civilian commercial military resource ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.5. Options for the provision of logistic support for DDR activities .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The range of logistic support provided to a programme or activity will normally include a combination of UN civilian, commercial and military resources. Each of these elements has distinct advantages and disadvantages: \\n UN civilian support under direct UN control is easily adjusted to programme-specific requirements, and can operate in all but the most hostile environment; however, it takes time to assemble the required personnel and equipment, and to establish the necessary organization; \\n Commercial support comes fully staffed and equipped, but it takes time to put the appro- priate contractual arrangements in place, and commercial support cannot always be relied on to operate in hostile conditions; \\n Military support can operate in the most hostile environments, can be mobilized rela- tively quickly (depending on the troop-contributing country) and comes fully staffed and equipped. However, military support lacks continuity, because of the need to rotate personnel every 6\u201312 months. It can also be expensive.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":403, "Sentence":"Each of these elements has distinct advantages and disadvantages: \\n UN civilian support under direct UN control is easily adjusted to programme-specific requirements, and can operate in all but the most hostile environment; however, it takes time to assemble the required personnel and equipment, and to establish the necessary organization; \\n Commercial support comes fully staffed and equipped, but it takes time to put the appro- priate contractual arrangements in place, and commercial support cannot always be relied on to operate in hostile conditions; \\n Military support can operate in the most hostile environments, can be mobilized rela- tively quickly (depending on the troop-contributing country) and comes fully staffed and equipped.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR element distinct advantage disadvantage n un civilian support direct un control easily adjusted programmespecific requirement operate hostile environment however take time assemble required personnel equipment establish necessary organization n commercial support come fully staffed equipped take time put appro priate contractual arrangement place commercial support always relied operate hostile condition n military support operate hostile environment mobilized rela tively quickly depending troopcontributing country come fully staffed equipped ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.5. Options for the provision of logistic support for DDR activities .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The range of logistic support provided to a programme or activity will normally include a combination of UN civilian, commercial and military resources. Each of these elements has distinct advantages and disadvantages: \\n UN civilian support under direct UN control is easily adjusted to programme-specific requirements, and can operate in all but the most hostile environment; however, it takes time to assemble the required personnel and equipment, and to establish the necessary organization; \\n Commercial support comes fully staffed and equipped, but it takes time to put the appro- priate contractual arrangements in place, and commercial support cannot always be relied on to operate in hostile conditions; \\n Military support can operate in the most hostile environments, can be mobilized rela- tively quickly (depending on the troop-contributing country) and comes fully staffed and equipped. However, military support lacks continuity, because of the need to rotate personnel every 6\u201312 months. It can also be expensive.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":403, "Sentence":"However, military support lacks continuity, because of the need to rotate personnel every 6\u201312 months.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR however military support lack continuity need rotate personnel every 6\u201312 month ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.5. Options for the provision of logistic support for DDR activities .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The range of logistic support provided to a programme or activity will normally include a combination of UN civilian, commercial and military resources. Each of these elements has distinct advantages and disadvantages: \\n UN civilian support under direct UN control is easily adjusted to programme-specific requirements, and can operate in all but the most hostile environment; however, it takes time to assemble the required personnel and equipment, and to establish the necessary organization; \\n Commercial support comes fully staffed and equipped, but it takes time to put the appro- priate contractual arrangements in place, and commercial support cannot always be relied on to operate in hostile conditions; \\n Military support can operate in the most hostile environments, can be mobilized rela- tively quickly (depending on the troop-contributing country) and comes fully staffed and equipped. However, military support lacks continuity, because of the need to rotate personnel every 6\u201312 months. It can also be expensive.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":403, "Sentence":"It can also be expensive.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR also expensive ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.6. Support management structures and processes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"This section outlines the management structure, and the planning and delivery of logistic support in a peacekeeping mission. These structures apply to the components of a DDR programme managed directly by DPKO or funded from the regular mission budget.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":404, "Sentence":"This section outlines the management structure, and the planning and delivery of logistic support in a peacekeeping mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR section outline management structure planning delivery logistic support peacekeeping mission ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.6. Support management structures and processes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"This section outlines the management structure, and the planning and delivery of logistic support in a peacekeeping mission. These structures apply to the components of a DDR programme managed directly by DPKO or funded from the regular mission budget.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":404, "Sentence":"These structures apply to the components of a DDR programme managed directly by DPKO or funded from the regular mission budget.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR structure apply component ddr programme managed directly dpko funded regular mission budget ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.6. Support management structures and processes", "Heading3":"6.6.1. Chief administrative officer", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Within a UN peacekeeping mission, the chief administrative officer (CAO) (or director of administration \u2014 DOA) is the sole financially accountable officer (for the assessed budget), and is responsible for the provision of all administrative and logistic support to all mission components. The senior mission management determines the priorities for programmes and their activities. It is the responsibility of the CAO\/DOA to turn these priorities into plans, resource allocations, tasks, and coordination and monitoring arrangements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":405, "Sentence":"Within a UN peacekeeping mission, the chief administrative officer (CAO) (or director of administration \u2014 DOA) is the sole financially accountable officer (for the assessed budget), and is responsible for the provision of all administrative and logistic support to all mission components.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR within un peacekeeping mission chief administrative officer cao director administration \u2014 doa sole financially accountable officer assessed budget responsible provision administrative logistic support mission component ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.6. Support management structures and processes", "Heading3":"6.6.1. Chief administrative officer", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Within a UN peacekeeping mission, the chief administrative officer (CAO) (or director of administration \u2014 DOA) is the sole financially accountable officer (for the assessed budget), and is responsible for the provision of all administrative and logistic support to all mission components. The senior mission management determines the priorities for programmes and their activities. It is the responsibility of the CAO\/DOA to turn these priorities into plans, resource allocations, tasks, and coordination and monitoring arrangements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":405, "Sentence":"The senior mission management determines the priorities for programmes and their activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR senior mission management determines priority programme activity ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.6. Support management structures and processes", "Heading3":"6.6.1. Chief administrative officer", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Within a UN peacekeeping mission, the chief administrative officer (CAO) (or director of administration \u2014 DOA) is the sole financially accountable officer (for the assessed budget), and is responsible for the provision of all administrative and logistic support to all mission components. The senior mission management determines the priorities for programmes and their activities. It is the responsibility of the CAO\/DOA to turn these priorities into plans, resource allocations, tasks, and coordination and monitoring arrangements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":405, "Sentence":"It is the responsibility of the CAO\/DOA to turn these priorities into plans, resource allocations, tasks, and coordination and monitoring arrangements.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR responsibility cao\/doa turn priority plan resource allocation task coordination monitoring arrangement ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.6. Support management structures and processes", "Heading3":"6.6.2. Integrated support services", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A joint civilian\u2013military management structure, known as integrated support services (ISS), reviews and prioritizes all requests for logistic support in accordance with the mission\u2019s objectives and priorities, and allocates the most suitable civilian, commercial or military support resource to meet the requirements in the most effective and economic manner. A diagram of a typical ISS structure is given in Annex B.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":406, "Sentence":"A joint civilian\u2013military management structure, known as integrated support services (ISS), reviews and prioritizes all requests for logistic support in accordance with the mission\u2019s objectives and priorities, and allocates the most suitable civilian, commercial or military support resource to meet the requirements in the most effective and economic manner.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR joint civilian\u2013military management structure known integrated support service i review prioritizes request logistic support accordance mission \u2019 objective priority allocates suitable civilian commercial military support resource meet requirement effective economic manner ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.6. Support management structures and processes", "Heading3":"6.6.2. Integrated support services", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A joint civilian\u2013military management structure, known as integrated support services (ISS), reviews and prioritizes all requests for logistic support in accordance with the mission\u2019s objectives and priorities, and allocates the most suitable civilian, commercial or military support resource to meet the requirements in the most effective and economic manner. A diagram of a typical ISS structure is given in Annex B.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":406, "Sentence":"A diagram of a typical ISS structure is given in Annex B.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR diagram typical i structure given annex b ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.6. Support management structures and processes", "Heading3":"6.6.3. Joint Logistics Operations Centre", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The day-to-day planning, analysis, coordination and tasking of all requests for logistic support are handled by the JLOC; see Annex B). The JLOC is also the mission\u2019s single point of contact for the coordination of logistics issues with non-DPKO actors such as NGOs or other UNagencies, fundsandprogrammes. All requests for logistic support should be channelled through the JLOC for appropriate prioritization and tasking.For the JLOC to effectively plan and de- liver logistic support to a DDR programme, it is essential that the DDR management team keeps the JLOC informed of its future support requirements during the planning stage and that it provides the JLOC with the programme operational plan before the DDR operation starts, keeping in view the lead times for design, acquisition, packaging and delivery of logistic services.The DDR operational plan needs to describe what is needed to achieve its planned activities, as follows: \\n physical resources: space, supplies, equipment; \\n human resources: international, national (local, national professional officers), UN volunteers; \\n services; \\n supplies; \\n partnerships\/links with implementing partners; \\n time-lines.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":407, "Sentence":"The day-to-day planning, analysis, coordination and tasking of all requests for logistic support are handled by the JLOC; see Annex B).", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR daytoday planning analysis coordination tasking request logistic support handled jloc see annex b ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.6. Support management structures and processes", "Heading3":"6.6.3. Joint Logistics Operations Centre", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The day-to-day planning, analysis, coordination and tasking of all requests for logistic support are handled by the JLOC; see Annex B). The JLOC is also the mission\u2019s single point of contact for the coordination of logistics issues with non-DPKO actors such as NGOs or other UNagencies, fundsandprogrammes. All requests for logistic support should be channelled through the JLOC for appropriate prioritization and tasking.For the JLOC to effectively plan and de- liver logistic support to a DDR programme, it is essential that the DDR management team keeps the JLOC informed of its future support requirements during the planning stage and that it provides the JLOC with the programme operational plan before the DDR operation starts, keeping in view the lead times for design, acquisition, packaging and delivery of logistic services.The DDR operational plan needs to describe what is needed to achieve its planned activities, as follows: \\n physical resources: space, supplies, equipment; \\n human resources: international, national (local, national professional officers), UN volunteers; \\n services; \\n supplies; \\n partnerships\/links with implementing partners; \\n time-lines.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":407, "Sentence":"The JLOC is also the mission\u2019s single point of contact for the coordination of logistics issues with non-DPKO actors such as NGOs or other UNagencies, fundsandprogrammes.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR jloc also mission \u2019 single point contact coordination logistics issue nondpko actor ngo unagencies fundsandprogrammes ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.40-Mission-and-Programme-Support-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Logistic support in a peacekeeping mission", "Heading2":"6.6. Support management structures and processes", "Heading3":"6.6.3. Joint Logistics Operations Centre", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The day-to-day planning, analysis, coordination and tasking of all requests for logistic support are handled by the JLOC; see Annex B). The JLOC is also the mission\u2019s single point of contact for the coordination of logistics issues with non-DPKO actors such as NGOs or other UNagencies, fundsandprogrammes. All requests for logistic support should be channelled through the JLOC for appropriate prioritization and tasking.For the JLOC to effectively plan and de- liver logistic support to a DDR programme, it is essential that the DDR management team keeps the JLOC informed of its future support requirements during the planning stage and that it provides the JLOC with the programme operational plan before the DDR operation starts, keeping in view the lead times for design, acquisition, packaging and delivery of logistic services.The DDR operational plan needs to describe what is needed to achieve its planned activities, as follows: \\n physical resources: space, supplies, equipment; \\n human resources: international, national (local, national professional officers), UN volunteers; \\n services; \\n supplies; \\n partnerships\/links with implementing partners; \\n time-lines.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":407, "Sentence":"All requests for logistic support should be channelled through the JLOC for appropriate prioritization and tasking.For the JLOC to effectively plan and de- liver logistic support to a DDR programme, it is essential that the DDR management team keeps the JLOC informed of its future support requirements during the planning stage and that it provides the JLOC with the programme operational plan before the DDR operation starts, keeping in view the lead times for design, acquisition, packaging and delivery of logistic services.The DDR operational plan needs to describe what is needed to achieve its planned activities, as follows: \\n physical resources: space, supplies, equipment; \\n human resources: international, national (local, national professional officers), UN volunteers; \\n services; \\n supplies; \\n partnerships\/links with implementing partners; \\n time-lines.", "ProcessedSent":"Mission and Programme Support for DDR request logistic support channelled jloc appropriate prioritization tasking.for jloc effectively plan de liver logistic support ddr programme essential ddr management team keep jloc informed future support requirement planning stage provides jloc programme operational plan ddr operation start keeping view lead time design acquisition packaging delivery logistic services.the ddr operational plan need describe needed achieve planned activity follows n physical resource space supply equipment n human resource international national local national professional officer un volunteer n service n supply n partnerships\/links implementing partner n timeline ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) has been one of the weakest areas of disarmament, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration (DDR) programme management in the past, partly due to a lack of proper planning, a standardized M&E framework, and human and financial resources specifically dedicated to M&E. Past experiences have highlighted the need for more effective M&E in order to develop an effective, efficient and sustainable DDR programme that will achieve the objectives of improving stability and security.M&E is an essential management tool and provides a chance to track progress, improve activities, objectively verify the outcomes and impact of a programme, and learn lessons that can be fed into future programmes and policies. This module outlines standards for improving inter\u00adagency cooperation in designing and conducting effective M&E. It further shows how M&E can be planned and implemented effectively through a creation of a DDR\u00ad specific M&E work plan, which consists of a plan for data collection, data analysis and reporting. It also provides some generic M&E indicators within a results\u00admanagement frame\u00ad work, which can be modified and adapted to each programme and project.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":408, "Sentence":"Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) has been one of the weakest areas of disarmament, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration (DDR) programme management in the past, partly due to a lack of proper planning, a standardized M&E framework, and human and financial resources specifically dedicated to M&E.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes monitoring evaluation one weakest area disarmament demo\u00ad bilization reintegration ddr programme management past partly due lack proper planning standardized framework human financial resource specifically dedicated ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) has been one of the weakest areas of disarmament, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration (DDR) programme management in the past, partly due to a lack of proper planning, a standardized M&E framework, and human and financial resources specifically dedicated to M&E. Past experiences have highlighted the need for more effective M&E in order to develop an effective, efficient and sustainable DDR programme that will achieve the objectives of improving stability and security.M&E is an essential management tool and provides a chance to track progress, improve activities, objectively verify the outcomes and impact of a programme, and learn lessons that can be fed into future programmes and policies. This module outlines standards for improving inter\u00adagency cooperation in designing and conducting effective M&E. It further shows how M&E can be planned and implemented effectively through a creation of a DDR\u00ad specific M&E work plan, which consists of a plan for data collection, data analysis and reporting. It also provides some generic M&E indicators within a results\u00admanagement frame\u00ad work, which can be modified and adapted to each programme and project.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":408, "Sentence":"Past experiences have highlighted the need for more effective M&E in order to develop an effective, efficient and sustainable DDR programme that will achieve the objectives of improving stability and security.M&E is an essential management tool and provides a chance to track progress, improve activities, objectively verify the outcomes and impact of a programme, and learn lessons that can be fed into future programmes and policies.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes past experience highlighted need effective order develop effective efficient sustainable ddr programme achieve objective improving stability security.me essential management tool provides chance track progress improve activity objectively verify outcome impact programme learn lesson fed future programme policy ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) has been one of the weakest areas of disarmament, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration (DDR) programme management in the past, partly due to a lack of proper planning, a standardized M&E framework, and human and financial resources specifically dedicated to M&E. Past experiences have highlighted the need for more effective M&E in order to develop an effective, efficient and sustainable DDR programme that will achieve the objectives of improving stability and security.M&E is an essential management tool and provides a chance to track progress, improve activities, objectively verify the outcomes and impact of a programme, and learn lessons that can be fed into future programmes and policies. This module outlines standards for improving inter\u00adagency cooperation in designing and conducting effective M&E. It further shows how M&E can be planned and implemented effectively through a creation of a DDR\u00ad specific M&E work plan, which consists of a plan for data collection, data analysis and reporting. It also provides some generic M&E indicators within a results\u00admanagement frame\u00ad work, which can be modified and adapted to each programme and project.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":408, "Sentence":"This module outlines standards for improving inter\u00adagency cooperation in designing and conducting effective M&E.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes module outline standard improving inter\u00adagency cooperation designing conducting effective ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) has been one of the weakest areas of disarmament, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration (DDR) programme management in the past, partly due to a lack of proper planning, a standardized M&E framework, and human and financial resources specifically dedicated to M&E. Past experiences have highlighted the need for more effective M&E in order to develop an effective, efficient and sustainable DDR programme that will achieve the objectives of improving stability and security.M&E is an essential management tool and provides a chance to track progress, improve activities, objectively verify the outcomes and impact of a programme, and learn lessons that can be fed into future programmes and policies. This module outlines standards for improving inter\u00adagency cooperation in designing and conducting effective M&E. It further shows how M&E can be planned and implemented effectively through a creation of a DDR\u00ad specific M&E work plan, which consists of a plan for data collection, data analysis and reporting. It also provides some generic M&E indicators within a results\u00admanagement frame\u00ad work, which can be modified and adapted to each programme and project.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":408, "Sentence":"It further shows how M&E can be planned and implemented effectively through a creation of a DDR\u00ad specific M&E work plan, which consists of a plan for data collection, data analysis and reporting.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes show planned implemented effectively creation ddr\u00ad specific work plan consists plan data collection data analysis reporting ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) has been one of the weakest areas of disarmament, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration (DDR) programme management in the past, partly due to a lack of proper planning, a standardized M&E framework, and human and financial resources specifically dedicated to M&E. Past experiences have highlighted the need for more effective M&E in order to develop an effective, efficient and sustainable DDR programme that will achieve the objectives of improving stability and security.M&E is an essential management tool and provides a chance to track progress, improve activities, objectively verify the outcomes and impact of a programme, and learn lessons that can be fed into future programmes and policies. This module outlines standards for improving inter\u00adagency cooperation in designing and conducting effective M&E. It further shows how M&E can be planned and implemented effectively through a creation of a DDR\u00ad specific M&E work plan, which consists of a plan for data collection, data analysis and reporting. It also provides some generic M&E indicators within a results\u00admanagement frame\u00ad work, which can be modified and adapted to each programme and project.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":408, "Sentence":"It also provides some generic M&E indicators within a results\u00admanagement frame\u00ad work, which can be modified and adapted to each programme and project.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes also provides generic indicator within results\u00admanagement frame\u00ad work modified adapted programme project ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"These guidelines cover the basic M&E procedures for integrated DDR programmes. The purpose of these guidelines is to establish standards for managing the implementation of integrated DDR projects and to provide guidance on how to perform M&E in a way that will make project management more effective, lead to follow\u00adup and make reporting more consistent.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":409, "Sentence":"These guidelines cover the basic M&E procedures for integrated DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes guideline cover basic procedure integrated ddr programme ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"These guidelines cover the basic M&E procedures for integrated DDR programmes. The purpose of these guidelines is to establish standards for managing the implementation of integrated DDR projects and to provide guidance on how to perform M&E in a way that will make project management more effective, lead to follow\u00adup and make reporting more consistent.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":409, "Sentence":"The purpose of these guidelines is to establish standards for managing the implementation of integrated DDR projects and to provide guidance on how to perform M&E in a way that will make project management more effective, lead to follow\u00adup and make reporting more consistent.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes purpose guideline establish standard managing implementation integrated ddr project provide guidance perform way make project management effective lead follow\u00adup make reporting consistent ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":410, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes annex contains list term definition abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":410, "Sentence":"A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes com\u00ad plete glossary term definition abbreviation used series integrated ddr standard iddrs given iddrs 1.20.in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":410, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes use consistent language used international organization standardization standard guideline n \u201c \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":410, "Sentence":"\\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":410, "Sentence":"\\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action . \u201d" }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Traditionally, M&E in DDR programmes has focused on assessing inputs and implemen\u00ad tation processes. Today, the focus is on assessing how various factors contribute to or detract from the achievement of the proposed outcomes and programme objectives, and measur\u00ad ing the effectiveness of outputs, partnerships, policy advice and dialogue, advocacy, and brokering\/coordination. The main objectives of results\u00adoriented M&E are to: \\n increase organizational and development learning; \\n ensure informed decision\u00admaking; \\n support genuine accountability and ensure quality control; \\n contribute to the further development of best practice and policy; \\n build country capacities, especially in M&E.In order to enable programme managers to improve strategies, programmes and other activities, M&E aims to generate information in several key areas to allow the measure\u00ad ment of: \\n programme performance, which indicates whether programme implementation is pro\u00ad ceeding in accordance with the programme plan and budget; \\n programme effectiveness, which answers such questions as whether and to what extent the programme has achieved its objectives, and on what external conditions it depends; \\n programme efficiency, which determines whether programme outputs and outcomes were produced in the most economical way, i.e., by maximizing outputs and\/or mini\u00ad mizing inputs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":411, "Sentence":"Traditionally, M&E in DDR programmes has focused on assessing inputs and implemen\u00ad tation processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes traditionally ddr programme focused assessing input implemen\u00ad tation process ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Traditionally, M&E in DDR programmes has focused on assessing inputs and implemen\u00ad tation processes. Today, the focus is on assessing how various factors contribute to or detract from the achievement of the proposed outcomes and programme objectives, and measur\u00ad ing the effectiveness of outputs, partnerships, policy advice and dialogue, advocacy, and brokering\/coordination. The main objectives of results\u00adoriented M&E are to: \\n increase organizational and development learning; \\n ensure informed decision\u00admaking; \\n support genuine accountability and ensure quality control; \\n contribute to the further development of best practice and policy; \\n build country capacities, especially in M&E.In order to enable programme managers to improve strategies, programmes and other activities, M&E aims to generate information in several key areas to allow the measure\u00ad ment of: \\n programme performance, which indicates whether programme implementation is pro\u00ad ceeding in accordance with the programme plan and budget; \\n programme effectiveness, which answers such questions as whether and to what extent the programme has achieved its objectives, and on what external conditions it depends; \\n programme efficiency, which determines whether programme outputs and outcomes were produced in the most economical way, i.e., by maximizing outputs and\/or mini\u00ad mizing inputs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":411, "Sentence":"Today, the focus is on assessing how various factors contribute to or detract from the achievement of the proposed outcomes and programme objectives, and measur\u00ad ing the effectiveness of outputs, partnerships, policy advice and dialogue, advocacy, and brokering\/coordination.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes today focus assessing various factor contribute detract achievement proposed outcome programme objective measur\u00ad ing effectiveness output partnership policy advice dialogue advocacy brokering\/coordination ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Traditionally, M&E in DDR programmes has focused on assessing inputs and implemen\u00ad tation processes. Today, the focus is on assessing how various factors contribute to or detract from the achievement of the proposed outcomes and programme objectives, and measur\u00ad ing the effectiveness of outputs, partnerships, policy advice and dialogue, advocacy, and brokering\/coordination. The main objectives of results\u00adoriented M&E are to: \\n increase organizational and development learning; \\n ensure informed decision\u00admaking; \\n support genuine accountability and ensure quality control; \\n contribute to the further development of best practice and policy; \\n build country capacities, especially in M&E.In order to enable programme managers to improve strategies, programmes and other activities, M&E aims to generate information in several key areas to allow the measure\u00ad ment of: \\n programme performance, which indicates whether programme implementation is pro\u00ad ceeding in accordance with the programme plan and budget; \\n programme effectiveness, which answers such questions as whether and to what extent the programme has achieved its objectives, and on what external conditions it depends; \\n programme efficiency, which determines whether programme outputs and outcomes were produced in the most economical way, i.e., by maximizing outputs and\/or mini\u00ad mizing inputs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":411, "Sentence":"The main objectives of results\u00adoriented M&E are to: \\n increase organizational and development learning; \\n ensure informed decision\u00admaking; \\n support genuine accountability and ensure quality control; \\n contribute to the further development of best practice and policy; \\n build country capacities, especially in M&E.In order to enable programme managers to improve strategies, programmes and other activities, M&E aims to generate information in several key areas to allow the measure\u00ad ment of: \\n programme performance, which indicates whether programme implementation is pro\u00ad ceeding in accordance with the programme plan and budget; \\n programme effectiveness, which answers such questions as whether and to what extent the programme has achieved its objectives, and on what external conditions it depends; \\n programme efficiency, which determines whether programme outputs and outcomes were produced in the most economical way, i.e., by maximizing outputs and\/or mini\u00ad mizing inputs.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes main objective results\u00adoriented n increase organizational development learning n ensure informed decision\u00admaking n support genuine accountability ensure quality control n contribute development best practice policy n build country capacity especially me.in order enable programme manager improve strategy programme activity aim generate information several key area allow measure\u00ad ment n programme performance indicates whether programme implementation pro\u00ad ceeding accordance programme plan budget n programme effectiveness answer question whether extent programme achieved objective external condition depends n programme efficiency determines whether programme output outcome produced economical way i.e . maximizing output and\/or mini\u00ad mizing input ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"When developing an M&E strategy as part of the overall process of programme development, several important principles are relevant for DDR: \\n Planners shall ensure that baseline data (data that describes the problem or situation before the intervention and which can be used to later provide a point of comparison) and relevant performance indicators are built into the programme development process itself. Baseline data are best collected within the framework of the comprehensive assess\u00ad ments that are carried out before the programme is developed, while performance indicators are defined in relation to both baseline data and the outputs, activities and outcomes that are expected; \\n The development of an M&E strategy and framework for a DDR programme is essen\u00ad tial in order to develop a systematic approach for collecting, processing, and using data and results; \\n M&E should use information and data from the regular information collection mech\u00ad anisms and reports, as well as periodic measurement of key indicators; \\n Monitoring and data collection should be an integral component of the information management system for the DDR process, and as such should be made widely available to key DDR staff and stakeholders for consultation; \\n M&E plans specifying the frequency and type of reviews and evaluations should be a part of the overall DDR work planning process; \\n A distinction should be made between the evaluation of UN support for national DDR (i.e., the UN DDR programme itself) and the overall national DDR effort, given the focus on measuring the overall effectiveness and impact of UN inputs on DDR, as opposed to the overall effectiveness and impact of DDR at the national level; \\n All integrated DDR sections should make provision for the necessary staff, equipment and other requirements to ensure that M&E is adequately dealt with and carried out, independently of other DDR activities, using resources that are specifically allocated to this purpose.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":412, "Sentence":"When developing an M&E strategy as part of the overall process of programme development, several important principles are relevant for DDR: \\n Planners shall ensure that baseline data (data that describes the problem or situation before the intervention and which can be used to later provide a point of comparison) and relevant performance indicators are built into the programme development process itself.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes developing strategy part overall process programme development several important principle relevant ddr n planner shall ensure baseline data data describes problem situation intervention used later provide point comparison relevant performance indicator built programme development process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"When developing an M&E strategy as part of the overall process of programme development, several important principles are relevant for DDR: \\n Planners shall ensure that baseline data (data that describes the problem or situation before the intervention and which can be used to later provide a point of comparison) and relevant performance indicators are built into the programme development process itself. Baseline data are best collected within the framework of the comprehensive assess\u00ad ments that are carried out before the programme is developed, while performance indicators are defined in relation to both baseline data and the outputs, activities and outcomes that are expected; \\n The development of an M&E strategy and framework for a DDR programme is essen\u00ad tial in order to develop a systematic approach for collecting, processing, and using data and results; \\n M&E should use information and data from the regular information collection mech\u00ad anisms and reports, as well as periodic measurement of key indicators; \\n Monitoring and data collection should be an integral component of the information management system for the DDR process, and as such should be made widely available to key DDR staff and stakeholders for consultation; \\n M&E plans specifying the frequency and type of reviews and evaluations should be a part of the overall DDR work planning process; \\n A distinction should be made between the evaluation of UN support for national DDR (i.e., the UN DDR programme itself) and the overall national DDR effort, given the focus on measuring the overall effectiveness and impact of UN inputs on DDR, as opposed to the overall effectiveness and impact of DDR at the national level; \\n All integrated DDR sections should make provision for the necessary staff, equipment and other requirements to ensure that M&E is adequately dealt with and carried out, independently of other DDR activities, using resources that are specifically allocated to this purpose.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":412, "Sentence":"Baseline data are best collected within the framework of the comprehensive assess\u00ad ments that are carried out before the programme is developed, while performance indicators are defined in relation to both baseline data and the outputs, activities and outcomes that are expected; \\n The development of an M&E strategy and framework for a DDR programme is essen\u00ad tial in order to develop a systematic approach for collecting, processing, and using data and results; \\n M&E should use information and data from the regular information collection mech\u00ad anisms and reports, as well as periodic measurement of key indicators; \\n Monitoring and data collection should be an integral component of the information management system for the DDR process, and as such should be made widely available to key DDR staff and stakeholders for consultation; \\n M&E plans specifying the frequency and type of reviews and evaluations should be a part of the overall DDR work planning process; \\n A distinction should be made between the evaluation of UN support for national DDR (i.e., the UN DDR programme itself) and the overall national DDR effort, given the focus on measuring the overall effectiveness and impact of UN inputs on DDR, as opposed to the overall effectiveness and impact of DDR at the national level; \\n All integrated DDR sections should make provision for the necessary staff, equipment and other requirements to ensure that M&E is adequately dealt with and carried out, independently of other DDR activities, using resources that are specifically allocated to this purpose.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes baseline data best collected within framework comprehensive assess\u00ad ments carried programme developed performance indicator defined relation baseline data output activity outcome expected n development strategy framework ddr programme essen\u00ad tial order develop systematic approach collecting processing using data result n use information data regular information collection mech\u00ad anisms report well periodic measurement key indicator n monitoring data collection integral component information management system ddr process made widely available key ddr staff stakeholder consultation n plan specifying frequency type review evaluation part overall ddr work planning process n distinction made evaluation un support national ddr i.e . un ddr programme overall national ddr effort given focus measuring overall effectiveness impact un input ddr opposed overall effectiveness impact ddr national level n integrated ddr section make provision necessary staff equipment requirement ensure adequately dealt carried independently ddr activity using resource specifically allocated purpose ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"M&E is far more than periodic assessments of performance. Particularly with complex processes like DDR, with its diversity of activities and multitude of partners, M&E plays an important role in ensuring constant qual\u00adity control of activities and processes, and it also provides a mechanism for periodic evaluations of performance in order to adapt strategies and deal with the problems and bottlenecks that inevitably arise. Because of the political importance of DDR, and its po\u00ad tential impacts (both positive and negative) on both security and prospects for develop\u00ad ment, impact assessments are essential to ensuring that DDR contributes to the overall goal of improving stability and security in a particular country.The definition of a comprehensive strat\u00ad egy and framework for DDR is a vital part of the overall programme implementation process. Although strategies will differ a great deal in different contexts, key guiding questions that should be asked when designing an effec\u00ad tive framework for M&E include: \\n What objectives should an M&E strategy and framework measure? \\n What elements should go into a work plan for reporting, monitoring and evaluating performance and results? \\n What key indicators are important in such a framework? \\n What information management systems are necessary to ensure timely capture of appro\u00ad priate data and information? \\n How can the results of M&E be integrated into programme implementation and used to control quality and adapt processes?The following section discusses these and other key elements involved in the develop\u00ad ment of an M&E work plan and strategy.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":413, "Sentence":"M&E is far more than periodic assessments of performance.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes far periodic assessment performance ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"M&E is far more than periodic assessments of performance. Particularly with complex processes like DDR, with its diversity of activities and multitude of partners, M&E plays an important role in ensuring constant qual\u00adity control of activities and processes, and it also provides a mechanism for periodic evaluations of performance in order to adapt strategies and deal with the problems and bottlenecks that inevitably arise. Because of the political importance of DDR, and its po\u00ad tential impacts (both positive and negative) on both security and prospects for develop\u00ad ment, impact assessments are essential to ensuring that DDR contributes to the overall goal of improving stability and security in a particular country.The definition of a comprehensive strat\u00ad egy and framework for DDR is a vital part of the overall programme implementation process. Although strategies will differ a great deal in different contexts, key guiding questions that should be asked when designing an effec\u00ad tive framework for M&E include: \\n What objectives should an M&E strategy and framework measure? \\n What elements should go into a work plan for reporting, monitoring and evaluating performance and results? \\n What key indicators are important in such a framework? \\n What information management systems are necessary to ensure timely capture of appro\u00ad priate data and information? \\n How can the results of M&E be integrated into programme implementation and used to control quality and adapt processes?The following section discusses these and other key elements involved in the develop\u00ad ment of an M&E work plan and strategy.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":413, "Sentence":"Particularly with complex processes like DDR, with its diversity of activities and multitude of partners, M&E plays an important role in ensuring constant qual\u00adity control of activities and processes, and it also provides a mechanism for periodic evaluations of performance in order to adapt strategies and deal with the problems and bottlenecks that inevitably arise.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes particularly complex process like ddr diversity activity multitude partner play important role ensuring constant qual\u00adity control activity process also provides mechanism periodic evaluation performance order adapt strategy deal problem bottleneck inevitably arise ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"M&E is far more than periodic assessments of performance. Particularly with complex processes like DDR, with its diversity of activities and multitude of partners, M&E plays an important role in ensuring constant qual\u00adity control of activities and processes, and it also provides a mechanism for periodic evaluations of performance in order to adapt strategies and deal with the problems and bottlenecks that inevitably arise. Because of the political importance of DDR, and its po\u00ad tential impacts (both positive and negative) on both security and prospects for develop\u00ad ment, impact assessments are essential to ensuring that DDR contributes to the overall goal of improving stability and security in a particular country.The definition of a comprehensive strat\u00ad egy and framework for DDR is a vital part of the overall programme implementation process. Although strategies will differ a great deal in different contexts, key guiding questions that should be asked when designing an effec\u00ad tive framework for M&E include: \\n What objectives should an M&E strategy and framework measure? \\n What elements should go into a work plan for reporting, monitoring and evaluating performance and results? \\n What key indicators are important in such a framework? \\n What information management systems are necessary to ensure timely capture of appro\u00ad priate data and information? \\n How can the results of M&E be integrated into programme implementation and used to control quality and adapt processes?The following section discusses these and other key elements involved in the develop\u00ad ment of an M&E work plan and strategy.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":413, "Sentence":"Because of the political importance of DDR, and its po\u00ad tential impacts (both positive and negative) on both security and prospects for develop\u00ad ment, impact assessments are essential to ensuring that DDR contributes to the overall goal of improving stability and security in a particular country.The definition of a comprehensive strat\u00ad egy and framework for DDR is a vital part of the overall programme implementation process.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes political importance ddr po\u00ad tential impact positive negative security prospect develop\u00ad ment impact assessment essential ensuring ddr contributes overall goal improving stability security particular country.the definition comprehensive strat\u00ad egy framework ddr vital part overall programme implementation process ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"M&E is far more than periodic assessments of performance. Particularly with complex processes like DDR, with its diversity of activities and multitude of partners, M&E plays an important role in ensuring constant qual\u00adity control of activities and processes, and it also provides a mechanism for periodic evaluations of performance in order to adapt strategies and deal with the problems and bottlenecks that inevitably arise. Because of the political importance of DDR, and its po\u00ad tential impacts (both positive and negative) on both security and prospects for develop\u00ad ment, impact assessments are essential to ensuring that DDR contributes to the overall goal of improving stability and security in a particular country.The definition of a comprehensive strat\u00ad egy and framework for DDR is a vital part of the overall programme implementation process. Although strategies will differ a great deal in different contexts, key guiding questions that should be asked when designing an effec\u00ad tive framework for M&E include: \\n What objectives should an M&E strategy and framework measure? \\n What elements should go into a work plan for reporting, monitoring and evaluating performance and results? \\n What key indicators are important in such a framework? \\n What information management systems are necessary to ensure timely capture of appro\u00ad priate data and information? \\n How can the results of M&E be integrated into programme implementation and used to control quality and adapt processes?The following section discusses these and other key elements involved in the develop\u00ad ment of an M&E work plan and strategy.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":413, "Sentence":"Although strategies will differ a great deal in different contexts, key guiding questions that should be asked when designing an effec\u00ad tive framework for M&E include: \\n What objectives should an M&E strategy and framework measure?", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes although strategy differ great deal different context key guiding question asked designing effec\u00ad tive framework include n objective strategy framework measure" }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"M&E is far more than periodic assessments of performance. Particularly with complex processes like DDR, with its diversity of activities and multitude of partners, M&E plays an important role in ensuring constant qual\u00adity control of activities and processes, and it also provides a mechanism for periodic evaluations of performance in order to adapt strategies and deal with the problems and bottlenecks that inevitably arise. Because of the political importance of DDR, and its po\u00ad tential impacts (both positive and negative) on both security and prospects for develop\u00ad ment, impact assessments are essential to ensuring that DDR contributes to the overall goal of improving stability and security in a particular country.The definition of a comprehensive strat\u00ad egy and framework for DDR is a vital part of the overall programme implementation process. Although strategies will differ a great deal in different contexts, key guiding questions that should be asked when designing an effec\u00ad tive framework for M&E include: \\n What objectives should an M&E strategy and framework measure? \\n What elements should go into a work plan for reporting, monitoring and evaluating performance and results? \\n What key indicators are important in such a framework? \\n What information management systems are necessary to ensure timely capture of appro\u00ad priate data and information? \\n How can the results of M&E be integrated into programme implementation and used to control quality and adapt processes?The following section discusses these and other key elements involved in the develop\u00ad ment of an M&E work plan and strategy.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":413, "Sentence":"\\n What elements should go into a work plan for reporting, monitoring and evaluating performance and results?", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes n element go work plan reporting monitoring evaluating performance result" }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"M&E is far more than periodic assessments of performance. Particularly with complex processes like DDR, with its diversity of activities and multitude of partners, M&E plays an important role in ensuring constant qual\u00adity control of activities and processes, and it also provides a mechanism for periodic evaluations of performance in order to adapt strategies and deal with the problems and bottlenecks that inevitably arise. Because of the political importance of DDR, and its po\u00ad tential impacts (both positive and negative) on both security and prospects for develop\u00ad ment, impact assessments are essential to ensuring that DDR contributes to the overall goal of improving stability and security in a particular country.The definition of a comprehensive strat\u00ad egy and framework for DDR is a vital part of the overall programme implementation process. Although strategies will differ a great deal in different contexts, key guiding questions that should be asked when designing an effec\u00ad tive framework for M&E include: \\n What objectives should an M&E strategy and framework measure? \\n What elements should go into a work plan for reporting, monitoring and evaluating performance and results? \\n What key indicators are important in such a framework? \\n What information management systems are necessary to ensure timely capture of appro\u00ad priate data and information? \\n How can the results of M&E be integrated into programme implementation and used to control quality and adapt processes?The following section discusses these and other key elements involved in the develop\u00ad ment of an M&E work plan and strategy.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":413, "Sentence":"\\n What key indicators are important in such a framework?", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes n key indicator important framework" }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"M&E is far more than periodic assessments of performance. Particularly with complex processes like DDR, with its diversity of activities and multitude of partners, M&E plays an important role in ensuring constant qual\u00adity control of activities and processes, and it also provides a mechanism for periodic evaluations of performance in order to adapt strategies and deal with the problems and bottlenecks that inevitably arise. Because of the political importance of DDR, and its po\u00ad tential impacts (both positive and negative) on both security and prospects for develop\u00ad ment, impact assessments are essential to ensuring that DDR contributes to the overall goal of improving stability and security in a particular country.The definition of a comprehensive strat\u00ad egy and framework for DDR is a vital part of the overall programme implementation process. Although strategies will differ a great deal in different contexts, key guiding questions that should be asked when designing an effec\u00ad tive framework for M&E include: \\n What objectives should an M&E strategy and framework measure? \\n What elements should go into a work plan for reporting, monitoring and evaluating performance and results? \\n What key indicators are important in such a framework? \\n What information management systems are necessary to ensure timely capture of appro\u00ad priate data and information? \\n How can the results of M&E be integrated into programme implementation and used to control quality and adapt processes?The following section discusses these and other key elements involved in the develop\u00ad ment of an M&E work plan and strategy.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":413, "Sentence":"\\n What information management systems are necessary to ensure timely capture of appro\u00ad priate data and information?", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes n information management system necessary ensure timely capture appro\u00ad priate data information" }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"M&E is far more than periodic assessments of performance. Particularly with complex processes like DDR, with its diversity of activities and multitude of partners, M&E plays an important role in ensuring constant qual\u00adity control of activities and processes, and it also provides a mechanism for periodic evaluations of performance in order to adapt strategies and deal with the problems and bottlenecks that inevitably arise. Because of the political importance of DDR, and its po\u00ad tential impacts (both positive and negative) on both security and prospects for develop\u00ad ment, impact assessments are essential to ensuring that DDR contributes to the overall goal of improving stability and security in a particular country.The definition of a comprehensive strat\u00ad egy and framework for DDR is a vital part of the overall programme implementation process. Although strategies will differ a great deal in different contexts, key guiding questions that should be asked when designing an effec\u00ad tive framework for M&E include: \\n What objectives should an M&E strategy and framework measure? \\n What elements should go into a work plan for reporting, monitoring and evaluating performance and results? \\n What key indicators are important in such a framework? \\n What information management systems are necessary to ensure timely capture of appro\u00ad priate data and information? \\n How can the results of M&E be integrated into programme implementation and used to control quality and adapt processes?The following section discusses these and other key elements involved in the develop\u00ad ment of an M&E work plan and strategy.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":413, "Sentence":"\\n How can the results of M&E be integrated into programme implementation and used to control quality and adapt processes?The following section discusses these and other key elements involved in the develop\u00ad ment of an M&E work plan and strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes n result integrated programme implementation used control quality adapt processesthe following section discus key element involved develop\u00ad ment work plan strategy ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1. M&E and results-based management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"M&E is an essential part of the results\u00adbased approach to implementing and managing programmes. It allows for the measurement of progress made towards achieving outcomes and outputs, and assesses the overall impact of programme on security and stability. In the context of DDR, M&E is particularly important, because it helps keep track of a complex range of outcomes and outputs in different components of the DDR mission, and assesses how each contributes towards achieving the goal of improved stability and security. M&E also gives a longitudinal assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of the strat\u00ad egies, mechanisms and processes carried out in DDR.For the purposes of integrated DDR, M&E can be divided into two levels related to the results\u00adbased framework: \\n measurement of the performance of DDR programmes in achieving outcomes and outputs throughout its various components generated by a set of activities: disarma\u00ad ment (e.g., number of weapons collected and destroyed); demobilization (number of ex\u00adcombatants screened, processed and assisted); and reintegration (number of ex\u00ad combatants reintegrated and communities assisted); \\n measurement of the outcomes of DDR programmes in contributing towards an overall goal. This can include reductions in levels of violence in society, increased stability and security, and consolidation of peace processes. It is difficult, however, to determine the impact of DDR on broader society without isolating it from other processes and initiatives (e.g., peace\u00adbuilding, security sector reform [SSR]) that also have an impact.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":414, "Sentence":"M&E is an essential part of the results\u00adbased approach to implementing and managing programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes essential part results\u00adbased approach implementing managing programme ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1. M&E and results-based management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"M&E is an essential part of the results\u00adbased approach to implementing and managing programmes. It allows for the measurement of progress made towards achieving outcomes and outputs, and assesses the overall impact of programme on security and stability. In the context of DDR, M&E is particularly important, because it helps keep track of a complex range of outcomes and outputs in different components of the DDR mission, and assesses how each contributes towards achieving the goal of improved stability and security. M&E also gives a longitudinal assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of the strat\u00ad egies, mechanisms and processes carried out in DDR.For the purposes of integrated DDR, M&E can be divided into two levels related to the results\u00adbased framework: \\n measurement of the performance of DDR programmes in achieving outcomes and outputs throughout its various components generated by a set of activities: disarma\u00ad ment (e.g., number of weapons collected and destroyed); demobilization (number of ex\u00adcombatants screened, processed and assisted); and reintegration (number of ex\u00ad combatants reintegrated and communities assisted); \\n measurement of the outcomes of DDR programmes in contributing towards an overall goal. This can include reductions in levels of violence in society, increased stability and security, and consolidation of peace processes. It is difficult, however, to determine the impact of DDR on broader society without isolating it from other processes and initiatives (e.g., peace\u00adbuilding, security sector reform [SSR]) that also have an impact.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":414, "Sentence":"It allows for the measurement of progress made towards achieving outcomes and outputs, and assesses the overall impact of programme on security and stability.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes allows measurement progress made towards achieving outcome output ass overall impact programme security stability ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1. M&E and results-based management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"M&E is an essential part of the results\u00adbased approach to implementing and managing programmes. It allows for the measurement of progress made towards achieving outcomes and outputs, and assesses the overall impact of programme on security and stability. In the context of DDR, M&E is particularly important, because it helps keep track of a complex range of outcomes and outputs in different components of the DDR mission, and assesses how each contributes towards achieving the goal of improved stability and security. M&E also gives a longitudinal assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of the strat\u00ad egies, mechanisms and processes carried out in DDR.For the purposes of integrated DDR, M&E can be divided into two levels related to the results\u00adbased framework: \\n measurement of the performance of DDR programmes in achieving outcomes and outputs throughout its various components generated by a set of activities: disarma\u00ad ment (e.g., number of weapons collected and destroyed); demobilization (number of ex\u00adcombatants screened, processed and assisted); and reintegration (number of ex\u00ad combatants reintegrated and communities assisted); \\n measurement of the outcomes of DDR programmes in contributing towards an overall goal. This can include reductions in levels of violence in society, increased stability and security, and consolidation of peace processes. It is difficult, however, to determine the impact of DDR on broader society without isolating it from other processes and initiatives (e.g., peace\u00adbuilding, security sector reform [SSR]) that also have an impact.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":414, "Sentence":"In the context of DDR, M&E is particularly important, because it helps keep track of a complex range of outcomes and outputs in different components of the DDR mission, and assesses how each contributes towards achieving the goal of improved stability and security.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes context ddr particularly important help keep track complex range outcome output different component ddr mission ass contributes towards achieving goal improved stability security ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1. M&E and results-based management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"M&E is an essential part of the results\u00adbased approach to implementing and managing programmes. It allows for the measurement of progress made towards achieving outcomes and outputs, and assesses the overall impact of programme on security and stability. In the context of DDR, M&E is particularly important, because it helps keep track of a complex range of outcomes and outputs in different components of the DDR mission, and assesses how each contributes towards achieving the goal of improved stability and security. M&E also gives a longitudinal assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of the strat\u00ad egies, mechanisms and processes carried out in DDR.For the purposes of integrated DDR, M&E can be divided into two levels related to the results\u00adbased framework: \\n measurement of the performance of DDR programmes in achieving outcomes and outputs throughout its various components generated by a set of activities: disarma\u00ad ment (e.g., number of weapons collected and destroyed); demobilization (number of ex\u00adcombatants screened, processed and assisted); and reintegration (number of ex\u00ad combatants reintegrated and communities assisted); \\n measurement of the outcomes of DDR programmes in contributing towards an overall goal. This can include reductions in levels of violence in society, increased stability and security, and consolidation of peace processes. It is difficult, however, to determine the impact of DDR on broader society without isolating it from other processes and initiatives (e.g., peace\u00adbuilding, security sector reform [SSR]) that also have an impact.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":414, "Sentence":"M&E also gives a longitudinal assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of the strat\u00ad egies, mechanisms and processes carried out in DDR.For the purposes of integrated DDR, M&E can be divided into two levels related to the results\u00adbased framework: \\n measurement of the performance of DDR programmes in achieving outcomes and outputs throughout its various components generated by a set of activities: disarma\u00ad ment (e.g., number of weapons collected and destroyed); demobilization (number of ex\u00adcombatants screened, processed and assisted); and reintegration (number of ex\u00ad combatants reintegrated and communities assisted); \\n measurement of the outcomes of DDR programmes in contributing towards an overall goal.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes also give longitudinal assessment efficiency effectiveness strat\u00ad egies mechanism process carried ddr.for purpose integrated ddr divided two level related results\u00adbased framework n measurement performance ddr programme achieving outcome output throughout various component generated set activity disarma\u00ad ment e.g . number weapon collected destroyed demobilization number ex\u00adcombatants screened processed assisted reintegration number ex\u00ad combatant reintegrated community assisted n measurement outcome ddr programme contributing towards overall goal ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1. M&E and results-based management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"M&E is an essential part of the results\u00adbased approach to implementing and managing programmes. It allows for the measurement of progress made towards achieving outcomes and outputs, and assesses the overall impact of programme on security and stability. In the context of DDR, M&E is particularly important, because it helps keep track of a complex range of outcomes and outputs in different components of the DDR mission, and assesses how each contributes towards achieving the goal of improved stability and security. M&E also gives a longitudinal assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of the strat\u00ad egies, mechanisms and processes carried out in DDR.For the purposes of integrated DDR, M&E can be divided into two levels related to the results\u00adbased framework: \\n measurement of the performance of DDR programmes in achieving outcomes and outputs throughout its various components generated by a set of activities: disarma\u00ad ment (e.g., number of weapons collected and destroyed); demobilization (number of ex\u00adcombatants screened, processed and assisted); and reintegration (number of ex\u00ad combatants reintegrated and communities assisted); \\n measurement of the outcomes of DDR programmes in contributing towards an overall goal. This can include reductions in levels of violence in society, increased stability and security, and consolidation of peace processes. It is difficult, however, to determine the impact of DDR on broader society without isolating it from other processes and initiatives (e.g., peace\u00adbuilding, security sector reform [SSR]) that also have an impact.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":414, "Sentence":"This can include reductions in levels of violence in society, increased stability and security, and consolidation of peace processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes include reduction level violence society increased stability security consolidation peace process ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1. M&E and results-based management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"M&E is an essential part of the results\u00adbased approach to implementing and managing programmes. It allows for the measurement of progress made towards achieving outcomes and outputs, and assesses the overall impact of programme on security and stability. In the context of DDR, M&E is particularly important, because it helps keep track of a complex range of outcomes and outputs in different components of the DDR mission, and assesses how each contributes towards achieving the goal of improved stability and security. M&E also gives a longitudinal assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of the strat\u00ad egies, mechanisms and processes carried out in DDR.For the purposes of integrated DDR, M&E can be divided into two levels related to the results\u00adbased framework: \\n measurement of the performance of DDR programmes in achieving outcomes and outputs throughout its various components generated by a set of activities: disarma\u00ad ment (e.g., number of weapons collected and destroyed); demobilization (number of ex\u00adcombatants screened, processed and assisted); and reintegration (number of ex\u00ad combatants reintegrated and communities assisted); \\n measurement of the outcomes of DDR programmes in contributing towards an overall goal. This can include reductions in levels of violence in society, increased stability and security, and consolidation of peace processes. It is difficult, however, to determine the impact of DDR on broader society without isolating it from other processes and initiatives (e.g., peace\u00adbuilding, security sector reform [SSR]) that also have an impact.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":414, "Sentence":"It is difficult, however, to determine the impact of DDR on broader society without isolating it from other processes and initiatives (e.g., peace\u00adbuilding, security sector reform [SSR]) that also have an impact.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes difficult however determine impact ddr broader society without isolating process initiative e.g . peace\u00adbuilding security sector reform ssr also impact ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Integrating M&E in programme development and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Provisions for M&E, and in particular the key elements of a strategy and framework, should be integrated into the programme development and implementation process from the beginning. This should occur in the following ways: \\n Performance indicators relevant for M&E should be identified, together with the devel\u00ad opment of a baseline study and indicators framework for the comprehensive assessment, as well as the results framework for the DDR programme itself (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for advice on the development of a results framework); \\n Requirements for establishing and implementing an M&E system should be taken into consideration during the identification of programme requirements, including dedicated staff, material and information management systems; \\n Key aspects of the M&E system and activities should be developed and harmonized with the overall programme implementation cycle and included in the corresponding work plans; \\n Programme implementation methods should be designed to permit the analysis and incorporation of M&E results into planning and coordination of activities in order to provide programmes with the capacity to modify the implementation approach based on M&E results and lessons learned.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":415, "Sentence":"Provisions for M&E, and in particular the key elements of a strategy and framework, should be integrated into the programme development and implementation process from the beginning.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes provision particular key element strategy framework integrated programme development implementation process beginning ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Integrating M&E in programme development and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Provisions for M&E, and in particular the key elements of a strategy and framework, should be integrated into the programme development and implementation process from the beginning. This should occur in the following ways: \\n Performance indicators relevant for M&E should be identified, together with the devel\u00ad opment of a baseline study and indicators framework for the comprehensive assessment, as well as the results framework for the DDR programme itself (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for advice on the development of a results framework); \\n Requirements for establishing and implementing an M&E system should be taken into consideration during the identification of programme requirements, including dedicated staff, material and information management systems; \\n Key aspects of the M&E system and activities should be developed and harmonized with the overall programme implementation cycle and included in the corresponding work plans; \\n Programme implementation methods should be designed to permit the analysis and incorporation of M&E results into planning and coordination of activities in order to provide programmes with the capacity to modify the implementation approach based on M&E results and lessons learned.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":415, "Sentence":"This should occur in the following ways: \\n Performance indicators relevant for M&E should be identified, together with the devel\u00ad opment of a baseline study and indicators framework for the comprehensive assessment, as well as the results framework for the DDR programme itself (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for advice on the development of a results framework); \\n Requirements for establishing and implementing an M&E system should be taken into consideration during the identification of programme requirements, including dedicated staff, material and information management systems; \\n Key aspects of the M&E system and activities should be developed and harmonized with the overall programme implementation cycle and included in the corresponding work plans; \\n Programme implementation methods should be designed to permit the analysis and incorporation of M&E results into planning and coordination of activities in order to provide programmes with the capacity to modify the implementation approach based on M&E results and lessons learned.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes occur following way n performance indicator relevant identified together devel\u00ad opment baseline study indicator framework comprehensive assessment well result framework ddr programme see iddrs 3.20 ddr programme design advice development result framework n requirement establishing implementing system taken consideration identification programme requirement including dedicated staff material information management system n key aspect system activity developed harmonized overall programme implementation cycle included corresponding work plan n programme implementation method designed permit analysis incorporation result planning coordination activity order provide programme capacity modify implementation approach based result lesson learned ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. The M&E work plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"An M&E work plan can be integrated into general or specific programme implementation work plans, or can be designed separately. In general, implementing and supervising the implementation of such a work plan is the basic responsibility of the M&E officer respon\u00ad sible for this process.Key elements of an M&E work plan include the following, which are usually arranged in the form of a matrix:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":416, "Sentence":"An M&E work plan can be integrated into general or specific programme implementation work plans, or can be designed separately.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes work plan integrated general specific programme implementation work plan designed separately ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. The M&E work plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"An M&E work plan can be integrated into general or specific programme implementation work plans, or can be designed separately. In general, implementing and supervising the implementation of such a work plan is the basic responsibility of the M&E officer respon\u00ad sible for this process.Key elements of an M&E work plan include the following, which are usually arranged in the form of a matrix:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":416, "Sentence":"In general, implementing and supervising the implementation of such a work plan is the basic responsibility of the M&E officer respon\u00ad sible for this process.Key elements of an M&E work plan include the following, which are usually arranged in the form of a matrix:", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes general implementing supervising implementation work plan basic responsibility officer respon\u00ad sible process.key element work plan include following usually arranged form matrix" }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. The M&E work plan", "Heading3":"5.3.1. M&E tracking systems", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Given the potentially large number of reports and documents generated by M&E activities, the development and maintenance of a report\u00adtracking system is essential in order to pro\u00ad vide a \u2018history\u2019 of M&E results and make them accessible to managers. This provides the DDR programme with institutional memory that can be drawn from to monitor progress and ensure that emerging best practices and problems are identified.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":417, "Sentence":"Given the potentially large number of reports and documents generated by M&E activities, the development and maintenance of a report\u00adtracking system is essential in order to pro\u00ad vide a \u2018history\u2019 of M&E results and make them accessible to managers.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes given potentially large number report document generated activity development maintenance report\u00adtracking system essential order pro\u00ad vide \u2018 history \u2019 result make accessible manager ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. The M&E work plan", "Heading3":"5.3.1. M&E tracking systems", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Given the potentially large number of reports and documents generated by M&E activities, the development and maintenance of a report\u00adtracking system is essential in order to pro\u00ad vide a \u2018history\u2019 of M&E results and make them accessible to managers. This provides the DDR programme with institutional memory that can be drawn from to monitor progress and ensure that emerging best practices and problems are identified.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":417, "Sentence":"This provides the DDR programme with institutional memory that can be drawn from to monitor progress and ensure that emerging best practices and problems are identified.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes provides ddr programme institutional memory drawn monitor progress ensure emerging best practice problem identified ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Development of M&E indicators", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Indicators are variables (i.e., factors that can change, e.g., number of weapons collected) that should be measured to reveal progress (or lack thereof) towards the achievement of objectives, outcomes or outputs, and should provide information on what has been achieved in either quantitative or qualitative terms, or changes over time. In order for indicators to be meaningful, measurement must be made against a baseline, or baseline data, both of which are collected either in the context of the pre\u00adprogramme comprehensive assessment or during programme implementation. In general, most indicators should be developed together with the definition of programme activities, outputs, outcomes, objectives and goals. In general, indicators can be classified as follows: \\n Performance indicator: A particular characteristic or dimension used to measure intended changes defined by a programme results framework. Performance indicators are used to observe progress and to measure actual outputs and outcomes compared to those that were expected. They indicate \u2018how, \u2018whether\u2019 or \u2018to what extent\u2019 a unit is pro\u00ad gressing towards its objectives, rather than \u2018why\u2019 or \u2018why not\u2019 such progress is being made. Performance indicators are usually expressed in quantifiable terms, and should be objective and measurable (e.g., numeric values, percentages, scores and indices); \\n Impact indicator: A variable or set of variables used to measure the overall and long\u00ad term impact of an intervention, i.e., overall changes in the environment that DDR aims to influence. Impact indicators often use a composite set (or group) of indicators, each of which provides information on the size, sustainability and consequences of a change brought about by a DDR intervention. Such indicators can include both quan\u00ad titative variables (e.g., change in homicide levels or incidence of violence) or qualitative variables (e.g., behavioural change among reintegrated ex\u00adcombatants, social cohesion, etc.). Impact indicators depend on comprehensive and reliable baseline data, and should be as specific in possible in order to isolate the impact of DDR on complex social and economic dynamics from other factors and processes; \\n Proxy indicators: Cost, complexity and\/or the timeliness of data collection may prevent a result from being measured directly. In this case, proxy indicators \u2014 which are variables that substitute for others that are difficult to measure directly \u2014 may reveal performance trends and make managers aware of potential problems or areas of success. This is often the case for outcomes in behavioural change, social cohesion and other results that are difficult to measure.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":418, "Sentence":"Indicators are variables (i.e., factors that can change, e.g., number of weapons collected) that should be measured to reveal progress (or lack thereof) towards the achievement of objectives, outcomes or outputs, and should provide information on what has been achieved in either quantitative or qualitative terms, or changes over time.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes indicator variable i.e . factor change e.g . number weapon collected measured reveal progress lack thereof towards achievement objective outcome output provide information achieved either quantitative qualitative term change time ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Development of M&E indicators", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Indicators are variables (i.e., factors that can change, e.g., number of weapons collected) that should be measured to reveal progress (or lack thereof) towards the achievement of objectives, outcomes or outputs, and should provide information on what has been achieved in either quantitative or qualitative terms, or changes over time. In order for indicators to be meaningful, measurement must be made against a baseline, or baseline data, both of which are collected either in the context of the pre\u00adprogramme comprehensive assessment or during programme implementation. In general, most indicators should be developed together with the definition of programme activities, outputs, outcomes, objectives and goals. In general, indicators can be classified as follows: \\n Performance indicator: A particular characteristic or dimension used to measure intended changes defined by a programme results framework. Performance indicators are used to observe progress and to measure actual outputs and outcomes compared to those that were expected. They indicate \u2018how, \u2018whether\u2019 or \u2018to what extent\u2019 a unit is pro\u00ad gressing towards its objectives, rather than \u2018why\u2019 or \u2018why not\u2019 such progress is being made. Performance indicators are usually expressed in quantifiable terms, and should be objective and measurable (e.g., numeric values, percentages, scores and indices); \\n Impact indicator: A variable or set of variables used to measure the overall and long\u00ad term impact of an intervention, i.e., overall changes in the environment that DDR aims to influence. Impact indicators often use a composite set (or group) of indicators, each of which provides information on the size, sustainability and consequences of a change brought about by a DDR intervention. Such indicators can include both quan\u00ad titative variables (e.g., change in homicide levels or incidence of violence) or qualitative variables (e.g., behavioural change among reintegrated ex\u00adcombatants, social cohesion, etc.). Impact indicators depend on comprehensive and reliable baseline data, and should be as specific in possible in order to isolate the impact of DDR on complex social and economic dynamics from other factors and processes; \\n Proxy indicators: Cost, complexity and\/or the timeliness of data collection may prevent a result from being measured directly. In this case, proxy indicators \u2014 which are variables that substitute for others that are difficult to measure directly \u2014 may reveal performance trends and make managers aware of potential problems or areas of success. This is often the case for outcomes in behavioural change, social cohesion and other results that are difficult to measure.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":418, "Sentence":"In order for indicators to be meaningful, measurement must be made against a baseline, or baseline data, both of which are collected either in the context of the pre\u00adprogramme comprehensive assessment or during programme implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes order indicator meaningful measurement must made baseline baseline data collected either context pre\u00adprogramme comprehensive assessment programme implementation ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Development of M&E indicators", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Indicators are variables (i.e., factors that can change, e.g., number of weapons collected) that should be measured to reveal progress (or lack thereof) towards the achievement of objectives, outcomes or outputs, and should provide information on what has been achieved in either quantitative or qualitative terms, or changes over time. In order for indicators to be meaningful, measurement must be made against a baseline, or baseline data, both of which are collected either in the context of the pre\u00adprogramme comprehensive assessment or during programme implementation. In general, most indicators should be developed together with the definition of programme activities, outputs, outcomes, objectives and goals. In general, indicators can be classified as follows: \\n Performance indicator: A particular characteristic or dimension used to measure intended changes defined by a programme results framework. Performance indicators are used to observe progress and to measure actual outputs and outcomes compared to those that were expected. They indicate \u2018how, \u2018whether\u2019 or \u2018to what extent\u2019 a unit is pro\u00ad gressing towards its objectives, rather than \u2018why\u2019 or \u2018why not\u2019 such progress is being made. Performance indicators are usually expressed in quantifiable terms, and should be objective and measurable (e.g., numeric values, percentages, scores and indices); \\n Impact indicator: A variable or set of variables used to measure the overall and long\u00ad term impact of an intervention, i.e., overall changes in the environment that DDR aims to influence. Impact indicators often use a composite set (or group) of indicators, each of which provides information on the size, sustainability and consequences of a change brought about by a DDR intervention. Such indicators can include both quan\u00ad titative variables (e.g., change in homicide levels or incidence of violence) or qualitative variables (e.g., behavioural change among reintegrated ex\u00adcombatants, social cohesion, etc.). Impact indicators depend on comprehensive and reliable baseline data, and should be as specific in possible in order to isolate the impact of DDR on complex social and economic dynamics from other factors and processes; \\n Proxy indicators: Cost, complexity and\/or the timeliness of data collection may prevent a result from being measured directly. In this case, proxy indicators \u2014 which are variables that substitute for others that are difficult to measure directly \u2014 may reveal performance trends and make managers aware of potential problems or areas of success. This is often the case for outcomes in behavioural change, social cohesion and other results that are difficult to measure.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":418, "Sentence":"In general, most indicators should be developed together with the definition of programme activities, outputs, outcomes, objectives and goals.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes general indicator developed together definition programme activity output outcome objective goal ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Development of M&E indicators", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Indicators are variables (i.e., factors that can change, e.g., number of weapons collected) that should be measured to reveal progress (or lack thereof) towards the achievement of objectives, outcomes or outputs, and should provide information on what has been achieved in either quantitative or qualitative terms, or changes over time. In order for indicators to be meaningful, measurement must be made against a baseline, or baseline data, both of which are collected either in the context of the pre\u00adprogramme comprehensive assessment or during programme implementation. In general, most indicators should be developed together with the definition of programme activities, outputs, outcomes, objectives and goals. In general, indicators can be classified as follows: \\n Performance indicator: A particular characteristic or dimension used to measure intended changes defined by a programme results framework. Performance indicators are used to observe progress and to measure actual outputs and outcomes compared to those that were expected. They indicate \u2018how, \u2018whether\u2019 or \u2018to what extent\u2019 a unit is pro\u00ad gressing towards its objectives, rather than \u2018why\u2019 or \u2018why not\u2019 such progress is being made. Performance indicators are usually expressed in quantifiable terms, and should be objective and measurable (e.g., numeric values, percentages, scores and indices); \\n Impact indicator: A variable or set of variables used to measure the overall and long\u00ad term impact of an intervention, i.e., overall changes in the environment that DDR aims to influence. Impact indicators often use a composite set (or group) of indicators, each of which provides information on the size, sustainability and consequences of a change brought about by a DDR intervention. Such indicators can include both quan\u00ad titative variables (e.g., change in homicide levels or incidence of violence) or qualitative variables (e.g., behavioural change among reintegrated ex\u00adcombatants, social cohesion, etc.). Impact indicators depend on comprehensive and reliable baseline data, and should be as specific in possible in order to isolate the impact of DDR on complex social and economic dynamics from other factors and processes; \\n Proxy indicators: Cost, complexity and\/or the timeliness of data collection may prevent a result from being measured directly. In this case, proxy indicators \u2014 which are variables that substitute for others that are difficult to measure directly \u2014 may reveal performance trends and make managers aware of potential problems or areas of success. This is often the case for outcomes in behavioural change, social cohesion and other results that are difficult to measure.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":418, "Sentence":"In general, indicators can be classified as follows: \\n Performance indicator: A particular characteristic or dimension used to measure intended changes defined by a programme results framework.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes general indicator classified follows n performance indicator particular characteristic dimension used measure intended change defined programme result framework ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Development of M&E indicators", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Indicators are variables (i.e., factors that can change, e.g., number of weapons collected) that should be measured to reveal progress (or lack thereof) towards the achievement of objectives, outcomes or outputs, and should provide information on what has been achieved in either quantitative or qualitative terms, or changes over time. In order for indicators to be meaningful, measurement must be made against a baseline, or baseline data, both of which are collected either in the context of the pre\u00adprogramme comprehensive assessment or during programme implementation. In general, most indicators should be developed together with the definition of programme activities, outputs, outcomes, objectives and goals. In general, indicators can be classified as follows: \\n Performance indicator: A particular characteristic or dimension used to measure intended changes defined by a programme results framework. Performance indicators are used to observe progress and to measure actual outputs and outcomes compared to those that were expected. They indicate \u2018how, \u2018whether\u2019 or \u2018to what extent\u2019 a unit is pro\u00ad gressing towards its objectives, rather than \u2018why\u2019 or \u2018why not\u2019 such progress is being made. Performance indicators are usually expressed in quantifiable terms, and should be objective and measurable (e.g., numeric values, percentages, scores and indices); \\n Impact indicator: A variable or set of variables used to measure the overall and long\u00ad term impact of an intervention, i.e., overall changes in the environment that DDR aims to influence. Impact indicators often use a composite set (or group) of indicators, each of which provides information on the size, sustainability and consequences of a change brought about by a DDR intervention. Such indicators can include both quan\u00ad titative variables (e.g., change in homicide levels or incidence of violence) or qualitative variables (e.g., behavioural change among reintegrated ex\u00adcombatants, social cohesion, etc.). Impact indicators depend on comprehensive and reliable baseline data, and should be as specific in possible in order to isolate the impact of DDR on complex social and economic dynamics from other factors and processes; \\n Proxy indicators: Cost, complexity and\/or the timeliness of data collection may prevent a result from being measured directly. In this case, proxy indicators \u2014 which are variables that substitute for others that are difficult to measure directly \u2014 may reveal performance trends and make managers aware of potential problems or areas of success. This is often the case for outcomes in behavioural change, social cohesion and other results that are difficult to measure.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":418, "Sentence":"Performance indicators are used to observe progress and to measure actual outputs and outcomes compared to those that were expected.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes performance indicator used observe progress measure actual output outcome compared expected ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Development of M&E indicators", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Indicators are variables (i.e., factors that can change, e.g., number of weapons collected) that should be measured to reveal progress (or lack thereof) towards the achievement of objectives, outcomes or outputs, and should provide information on what has been achieved in either quantitative or qualitative terms, or changes over time. In order for indicators to be meaningful, measurement must be made against a baseline, or baseline data, both of which are collected either in the context of the pre\u00adprogramme comprehensive assessment or during programme implementation. In general, most indicators should be developed together with the definition of programme activities, outputs, outcomes, objectives and goals. In general, indicators can be classified as follows: \\n Performance indicator: A particular characteristic or dimension used to measure intended changes defined by a programme results framework. Performance indicators are used to observe progress and to measure actual outputs and outcomes compared to those that were expected. They indicate \u2018how, \u2018whether\u2019 or \u2018to what extent\u2019 a unit is pro\u00ad gressing towards its objectives, rather than \u2018why\u2019 or \u2018why not\u2019 such progress is being made. Performance indicators are usually expressed in quantifiable terms, and should be objective and measurable (e.g., numeric values, percentages, scores and indices); \\n Impact indicator: A variable or set of variables used to measure the overall and long\u00ad term impact of an intervention, i.e., overall changes in the environment that DDR aims to influence. Impact indicators often use a composite set (or group) of indicators, each of which provides information on the size, sustainability and consequences of a change brought about by a DDR intervention. Such indicators can include both quan\u00ad titative variables (e.g., change in homicide levels or incidence of violence) or qualitative variables (e.g., behavioural change among reintegrated ex\u00adcombatants, social cohesion, etc.). Impact indicators depend on comprehensive and reliable baseline data, and should be as specific in possible in order to isolate the impact of DDR on complex social and economic dynamics from other factors and processes; \\n Proxy indicators: Cost, complexity and\/or the timeliness of data collection may prevent a result from being measured directly. In this case, proxy indicators \u2014 which are variables that substitute for others that are difficult to measure directly \u2014 may reveal performance trends and make managers aware of potential problems or areas of success. This is often the case for outcomes in behavioural change, social cohesion and other results that are difficult to measure.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":418, "Sentence":"They indicate \u2018how, \u2018whether\u2019 or \u2018to what extent\u2019 a unit is pro\u00ad gressing towards its objectives, rather than \u2018why\u2019 or \u2018why not\u2019 such progress is being made.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes indicate \u2018 \u2018 whether \u2019 \u2018 extent \u2019 unit pro\u00ad gressing towards objective rather \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 progress made ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Development of M&E indicators", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Indicators are variables (i.e., factors that can change, e.g., number of weapons collected) that should be measured to reveal progress (or lack thereof) towards the achievement of objectives, outcomes or outputs, and should provide information on what has been achieved in either quantitative or qualitative terms, or changes over time. In order for indicators to be meaningful, measurement must be made against a baseline, or baseline data, both of which are collected either in the context of the pre\u00adprogramme comprehensive assessment or during programme implementation. In general, most indicators should be developed together with the definition of programme activities, outputs, outcomes, objectives and goals. In general, indicators can be classified as follows: \\n Performance indicator: A particular characteristic or dimension used to measure intended changes defined by a programme results framework. Performance indicators are used to observe progress and to measure actual outputs and outcomes compared to those that were expected. They indicate \u2018how, \u2018whether\u2019 or \u2018to what extent\u2019 a unit is pro\u00ad gressing towards its objectives, rather than \u2018why\u2019 or \u2018why not\u2019 such progress is being made. Performance indicators are usually expressed in quantifiable terms, and should be objective and measurable (e.g., numeric values, percentages, scores and indices); \\n Impact indicator: A variable or set of variables used to measure the overall and long\u00ad term impact of an intervention, i.e., overall changes in the environment that DDR aims to influence. Impact indicators often use a composite set (or group) of indicators, each of which provides information on the size, sustainability and consequences of a change brought about by a DDR intervention. Such indicators can include both quan\u00ad titative variables (e.g., change in homicide levels or incidence of violence) or qualitative variables (e.g., behavioural change among reintegrated ex\u00adcombatants, social cohesion, etc.). Impact indicators depend on comprehensive and reliable baseline data, and should be as specific in possible in order to isolate the impact of DDR on complex social and economic dynamics from other factors and processes; \\n Proxy indicators: Cost, complexity and\/or the timeliness of data collection may prevent a result from being measured directly. In this case, proxy indicators \u2014 which are variables that substitute for others that are difficult to measure directly \u2014 may reveal performance trends and make managers aware of potential problems or areas of success. This is often the case for outcomes in behavioural change, social cohesion and other results that are difficult to measure.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":418, "Sentence":"Performance indicators are usually expressed in quantifiable terms, and should be objective and measurable (e.g., numeric values, percentages, scores and indices); \\n Impact indicator: A variable or set of variables used to measure the overall and long\u00ad term impact of an intervention, i.e., overall changes in the environment that DDR aims to influence.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes performance indicator usually expressed quantifiable term objective measurable e.g . numeric value percentage score index n impact indicator variable set variable used measure overall long\u00ad term impact intervention i.e . overall change environment ddr aim influence ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Development of M&E indicators", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Indicators are variables (i.e., factors that can change, e.g., number of weapons collected) that should be measured to reveal progress (or lack thereof) towards the achievement of objectives, outcomes or outputs, and should provide information on what has been achieved in either quantitative or qualitative terms, or changes over time. In order for indicators to be meaningful, measurement must be made against a baseline, or baseline data, both of which are collected either in the context of the pre\u00adprogramme comprehensive assessment or during programme implementation. In general, most indicators should be developed together with the definition of programme activities, outputs, outcomes, objectives and goals. In general, indicators can be classified as follows: \\n Performance indicator: A particular characteristic or dimension used to measure intended changes defined by a programme results framework. Performance indicators are used to observe progress and to measure actual outputs and outcomes compared to those that were expected. They indicate \u2018how, \u2018whether\u2019 or \u2018to what extent\u2019 a unit is pro\u00ad gressing towards its objectives, rather than \u2018why\u2019 or \u2018why not\u2019 such progress is being made. Performance indicators are usually expressed in quantifiable terms, and should be objective and measurable (e.g., numeric values, percentages, scores and indices); \\n Impact indicator: A variable or set of variables used to measure the overall and long\u00ad term impact of an intervention, i.e., overall changes in the environment that DDR aims to influence. Impact indicators often use a composite set (or group) of indicators, each of which provides information on the size, sustainability and consequences of a change brought about by a DDR intervention. Such indicators can include both quan\u00ad titative variables (e.g., change in homicide levels or incidence of violence) or qualitative variables (e.g., behavioural change among reintegrated ex\u00adcombatants, social cohesion, etc.). Impact indicators depend on comprehensive and reliable baseline data, and should be as specific in possible in order to isolate the impact of DDR on complex social and economic dynamics from other factors and processes; \\n Proxy indicators: Cost, complexity and\/or the timeliness of data collection may prevent a result from being measured directly. In this case, proxy indicators \u2014 which are variables that substitute for others that are difficult to measure directly \u2014 may reveal performance trends and make managers aware of potential problems or areas of success. This is often the case for outcomes in behavioural change, social cohesion and other results that are difficult to measure.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":418, "Sentence":"Impact indicators often use a composite set (or group) of indicators, each of which provides information on the size, sustainability and consequences of a change brought about by a DDR intervention.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes impact indicator often use composite set group indicator provides information size sustainability consequence change brought ddr intervention ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Development of M&E indicators", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Indicators are variables (i.e., factors that can change, e.g., number of weapons collected) that should be measured to reveal progress (or lack thereof) towards the achievement of objectives, outcomes or outputs, and should provide information on what has been achieved in either quantitative or qualitative terms, or changes over time. In order for indicators to be meaningful, measurement must be made against a baseline, or baseline data, both of which are collected either in the context of the pre\u00adprogramme comprehensive assessment or during programme implementation. In general, most indicators should be developed together with the definition of programme activities, outputs, outcomes, objectives and goals. In general, indicators can be classified as follows: \\n Performance indicator: A particular characteristic or dimension used to measure intended changes defined by a programme results framework. Performance indicators are used to observe progress and to measure actual outputs and outcomes compared to those that were expected. They indicate \u2018how, \u2018whether\u2019 or \u2018to what extent\u2019 a unit is pro\u00ad gressing towards its objectives, rather than \u2018why\u2019 or \u2018why not\u2019 such progress is being made. Performance indicators are usually expressed in quantifiable terms, and should be objective and measurable (e.g., numeric values, percentages, scores and indices); \\n Impact indicator: A variable or set of variables used to measure the overall and long\u00ad term impact of an intervention, i.e., overall changes in the environment that DDR aims to influence. Impact indicators often use a composite set (or group) of indicators, each of which provides information on the size, sustainability and consequences of a change brought about by a DDR intervention. Such indicators can include both quan\u00ad titative variables (e.g., change in homicide levels or incidence of violence) or qualitative variables (e.g., behavioural change among reintegrated ex\u00adcombatants, social cohesion, etc.). Impact indicators depend on comprehensive and reliable baseline data, and should be as specific in possible in order to isolate the impact of DDR on complex social and economic dynamics from other factors and processes; \\n Proxy indicators: Cost, complexity and\/or the timeliness of data collection may prevent a result from being measured directly. In this case, proxy indicators \u2014 which are variables that substitute for others that are difficult to measure directly \u2014 may reveal performance trends and make managers aware of potential problems or areas of success. This is often the case for outcomes in behavioural change, social cohesion and other results that are difficult to measure.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":418, "Sentence":"Such indicators can include both quan\u00ad titative variables (e.g., change in homicide levels or incidence of violence) or qualitative variables (e.g., behavioural change among reintegrated ex\u00adcombatants, social cohesion, etc.).", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes indicator include quan\u00ad titative variable e.g . change homicide level incidence violence qualitative variable e.g . behavioural change among reintegrated ex\u00adcombatants social cohesion etc .." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Development of M&E indicators", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Indicators are variables (i.e., factors that can change, e.g., number of weapons collected) that should be measured to reveal progress (or lack thereof) towards the achievement of objectives, outcomes or outputs, and should provide information on what has been achieved in either quantitative or qualitative terms, or changes over time. In order for indicators to be meaningful, measurement must be made against a baseline, or baseline data, both of which are collected either in the context of the pre\u00adprogramme comprehensive assessment or during programme implementation. In general, most indicators should be developed together with the definition of programme activities, outputs, outcomes, objectives and goals. In general, indicators can be classified as follows: \\n Performance indicator: A particular characteristic or dimension used to measure intended changes defined by a programme results framework. Performance indicators are used to observe progress and to measure actual outputs and outcomes compared to those that were expected. They indicate \u2018how, \u2018whether\u2019 or \u2018to what extent\u2019 a unit is pro\u00ad gressing towards its objectives, rather than \u2018why\u2019 or \u2018why not\u2019 such progress is being made. Performance indicators are usually expressed in quantifiable terms, and should be objective and measurable (e.g., numeric values, percentages, scores and indices); \\n Impact indicator: A variable or set of variables used to measure the overall and long\u00ad term impact of an intervention, i.e., overall changes in the environment that DDR aims to influence. Impact indicators often use a composite set (or group) of indicators, each of which provides information on the size, sustainability and consequences of a change brought about by a DDR intervention. Such indicators can include both quan\u00ad titative variables (e.g., change in homicide levels or incidence of violence) or qualitative variables (e.g., behavioural change among reintegrated ex\u00adcombatants, social cohesion, etc.). Impact indicators depend on comprehensive and reliable baseline data, and should be as specific in possible in order to isolate the impact of DDR on complex social and economic dynamics from other factors and processes; \\n Proxy indicators: Cost, complexity and\/or the timeliness of data collection may prevent a result from being measured directly. In this case, proxy indicators \u2014 which are variables that substitute for others that are difficult to measure directly \u2014 may reveal performance trends and make managers aware of potential problems or areas of success. This is often the case for outcomes in behavioural change, social cohesion and other results that are difficult to measure.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":418, "Sentence":"Impact indicators depend on comprehensive and reliable baseline data, and should be as specific in possible in order to isolate the impact of DDR on complex social and economic dynamics from other factors and processes; \\n Proxy indicators: Cost, complexity and\/or the timeliness of data collection may prevent a result from being measured directly.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes impact indicator depend comprehensive reliable baseline data specific possible order isolate impact ddr complex social economic dynamic factor process n proxy indicator cost complexity and\/or timeliness data collection may prevent result measured directly ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Development of M&E indicators", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Indicators are variables (i.e., factors that can change, e.g., number of weapons collected) that should be measured to reveal progress (or lack thereof) towards the achievement of objectives, outcomes or outputs, and should provide information on what has been achieved in either quantitative or qualitative terms, or changes over time. In order for indicators to be meaningful, measurement must be made against a baseline, or baseline data, both of which are collected either in the context of the pre\u00adprogramme comprehensive assessment or during programme implementation. In general, most indicators should be developed together with the definition of programme activities, outputs, outcomes, objectives and goals. In general, indicators can be classified as follows: \\n Performance indicator: A particular characteristic or dimension used to measure intended changes defined by a programme results framework. Performance indicators are used to observe progress and to measure actual outputs and outcomes compared to those that were expected. They indicate \u2018how, \u2018whether\u2019 or \u2018to what extent\u2019 a unit is pro\u00ad gressing towards its objectives, rather than \u2018why\u2019 or \u2018why not\u2019 such progress is being made. Performance indicators are usually expressed in quantifiable terms, and should be objective and measurable (e.g., numeric values, percentages, scores and indices); \\n Impact indicator: A variable or set of variables used to measure the overall and long\u00ad term impact of an intervention, i.e., overall changes in the environment that DDR aims to influence. Impact indicators often use a composite set (or group) of indicators, each of which provides information on the size, sustainability and consequences of a change brought about by a DDR intervention. Such indicators can include both quan\u00ad titative variables (e.g., change in homicide levels or incidence of violence) or qualitative variables (e.g., behavioural change among reintegrated ex\u00adcombatants, social cohesion, etc.). Impact indicators depend on comprehensive and reliable baseline data, and should be as specific in possible in order to isolate the impact of DDR on complex social and economic dynamics from other factors and processes; \\n Proxy indicators: Cost, complexity and\/or the timeliness of data collection may prevent a result from being measured directly. In this case, proxy indicators \u2014 which are variables that substitute for others that are difficult to measure directly \u2014 may reveal performance trends and make managers aware of potential problems or areas of success. This is often the case for outcomes in behavioural change, social cohesion and other results that are difficult to measure.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":418, "Sentence":"In this case, proxy indicators \u2014 which are variables that substitute for others that are difficult to measure directly \u2014 may reveal performance trends and make managers aware of potential problems or areas of success.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes case proxy indicator \u2014 variable substitute others difficult measure directly \u2014 may reveal performance trend make manager aware potential problem area success ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Development of M&E indicators", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Indicators are variables (i.e., factors that can change, e.g., number of weapons collected) that should be measured to reveal progress (or lack thereof) towards the achievement of objectives, outcomes or outputs, and should provide information on what has been achieved in either quantitative or qualitative terms, or changes over time. In order for indicators to be meaningful, measurement must be made against a baseline, or baseline data, both of which are collected either in the context of the pre\u00adprogramme comprehensive assessment or during programme implementation. In general, most indicators should be developed together with the definition of programme activities, outputs, outcomes, objectives and goals. In general, indicators can be classified as follows: \\n Performance indicator: A particular characteristic or dimension used to measure intended changes defined by a programme results framework. Performance indicators are used to observe progress and to measure actual outputs and outcomes compared to those that were expected. They indicate \u2018how, \u2018whether\u2019 or \u2018to what extent\u2019 a unit is pro\u00ad gressing towards its objectives, rather than \u2018why\u2019 or \u2018why not\u2019 such progress is being made. Performance indicators are usually expressed in quantifiable terms, and should be objective and measurable (e.g., numeric values, percentages, scores and indices); \\n Impact indicator: A variable or set of variables used to measure the overall and long\u00ad term impact of an intervention, i.e., overall changes in the environment that DDR aims to influence. Impact indicators often use a composite set (or group) of indicators, each of which provides information on the size, sustainability and consequences of a change brought about by a DDR intervention. Such indicators can include both quan\u00ad titative variables (e.g., change in homicide levels or incidence of violence) or qualitative variables (e.g., behavioural change among reintegrated ex\u00adcombatants, social cohesion, etc.). Impact indicators depend on comprehensive and reliable baseline data, and should be as specific in possible in order to isolate the impact of DDR on complex social and economic dynamics from other factors and processes; \\n Proxy indicators: Cost, complexity and\/or the timeliness of data collection may prevent a result from being measured directly. In this case, proxy indicators \u2014 which are variables that substitute for others that are difficult to measure directly \u2014 may reveal performance trends and make managers aware of potential problems or areas of success. This is often the case for outcomes in behavioural change, social cohesion and other results that are difficult to measure.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":418, "Sentence":"This is often the case for outcomes in behavioural change, social cohesion and other results that are difficult to measure.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes often case outcome behavioural change social cohesion result difficult measure ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Development of M&E indicators", "Heading3":"5.4.1. Balanced scorecards", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The balanced scorecard is a useful tool for capturing key indicators for M&E activities. It lists the main indicators used to measure progress in the implementation of different pro\u00ad gramme components, as well as overall effectiveness. Annex B provides an example of a balanced scorecard used in the Afghanistan DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":419, "Sentence":"The balanced scorecard is a useful tool for capturing key indicators for M&E activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes balanced scorecard useful tool capturing key indicator activity ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Development of M&E indicators", "Heading3":"5.4.1. Balanced scorecards", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The balanced scorecard is a useful tool for capturing key indicators for M&E activities. It lists the main indicators used to measure progress in the implementation of different pro\u00ad gramme components, as well as overall effectiveness. Annex B provides an example of a balanced scorecard used in the Afghanistan DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":419, "Sentence":"It lists the main indicators used to measure progress in the implementation of different pro\u00ad gramme components, as well as overall effectiveness.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes list main indicator used measure progress implementation different pro\u00ad gramme component well overall effectiveness ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Development of M&E indicators", "Heading3":"5.4.1. Balanced scorecards", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The balanced scorecard is a useful tool for capturing key indicators for M&E activities. It lists the main indicators used to measure progress in the implementation of different pro\u00ad gramme components, as well as overall effectiveness. Annex B provides an example of a balanced scorecard used in the Afghanistan DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":419, "Sentence":"Annex B provides an example of a balanced scorecard used in the Afghanistan DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes annex b provides example balanced scorecard used afghanistan ddr programme ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Monitoring is the systematic oversight of the implementation of an activity, and establishes the extent to which input deliveries, work schedules, other required actions and targeted outputs are proceeding according to the actual plan, so that timely action can be taken to correct deficiencies. The application of monitoring mechanisms and tools, the reporting of outcomes, and subsequent adjustments in the implementation process are an integral part of the programme cycle and a key management tool.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":420, "Sentence":"Monitoring is the systematic oversight of the implementation of an activity, and establishes the extent to which input deliveries, work schedules, other required actions and targeted outputs are proceeding according to the actual plan, so that timely action can be taken to correct deficiencies.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes monitoring systematic oversight implementation activity establishes extent input delivery work schedule required action targeted output proceeding according actual plan timely action taken correct deficiency ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Monitoring is the systematic oversight of the implementation of an activity, and establishes the extent to which input deliveries, work schedules, other required actions and targeted outputs are proceeding according to the actual plan, so that timely action can be taken to correct deficiencies. The application of monitoring mechanisms and tools, the reporting of outcomes, and subsequent adjustments in the implementation process are an integral part of the programme cycle and a key management tool.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":420, "Sentence":"The application of monitoring mechanisms and tools, the reporting of outcomes, and subsequent adjustments in the implementation process are an integral part of the programme cycle and a key management tool.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes application monitoring mechanism tool reporting outcome subsequent adjustment implementation process integral part programme cycle key management tool ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1. Monitoring mechanisms and tools", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Three types of monitoring mechanisms and tools can be identified, which should be planned as part of the overall M&E work plan: \\n reporting\/analysis, which entails obtaining and analysing documentation from the project that provides information on progress; \\n validation, which involves checking or verifying whether or not the reported progress is accurate; \\n participation, which involves obtaining feedback from partners and participants on pro\u00ad gress and proposed actions.The table below lists the different types of monitoring mechanisms and tools according to these categories, while Annex C provides illustrations of monitoring tools used for DDR in Afghanistan.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":421, "Sentence":"Three types of monitoring mechanisms and tools can be identified, which should be planned as part of the overall M&E work plan: \\n reporting\/analysis, which entails obtaining and analysing documentation from the project that provides information on progress; \\n validation, which involves checking or verifying whether or not the reported progress is accurate; \\n participation, which involves obtaining feedback from partners and participants on pro\u00ad gress and proposed actions.The table below lists the different types of monitoring mechanisms and tools according to these categories, while Annex C provides illustrations of monitoring tools used for DDR in Afghanistan.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes three type monitoring mechanism tool identified planned part overall work plan n reporting\/analysis entail obtaining analysing documentation project provides information progress n validation involves checking verifying whether reported progress accurate n participation involves obtaining feedback partner participant pro\u00ad gress proposed actions.the table list different type monitoring mechanism tool according category annex c provides illustration monitoring tool used ddr afghanistan ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2. Monitoring indicators", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Although the definition of monitoring indicators will differ a great deal according to both the context in which DDR is implemented and the DDR strategy and components, certain generic (general or typical) indicators should be identified that can guide DDR managers to establish monitoring mechanisms and systems. These indicators should aim to measure performance in terms of outcomes and outputs, effectiveness in achieving programme objec\u00ad tives, and the efficiency of the performance by which outcomes and outputs are achieved (i.e., in relation to inputs). (See IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Annex D, sec. 4 for gender\u00adrelated and female\u00adspecific monitoring and evaluation indicators.) These indica\u00ad tors can be divided to address the main components of DDR, as follows:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":422, "Sentence":"Although the definition of monitoring indicators will differ a great deal according to both the context in which DDR is implemented and the DDR strategy and components, certain generic (general or typical) indicators should be identified that can guide DDR managers to establish monitoring mechanisms and systems.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes although definition monitoring indicator differ great deal according context ddr implemented ddr strategy component certain generic general typical indicator identified guide ddr manager establish monitoring mechanism system ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2. Monitoring indicators", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Although the definition of monitoring indicators will differ a great deal according to both the context in which DDR is implemented and the DDR strategy and components, certain generic (general or typical) indicators should be identified that can guide DDR managers to establish monitoring mechanisms and systems. These indicators should aim to measure performance in terms of outcomes and outputs, effectiveness in achieving programme objec\u00ad tives, and the efficiency of the performance by which outcomes and outputs are achieved (i.e., in relation to inputs). (See IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Annex D, sec. 4 for gender\u00adrelated and female\u00adspecific monitoring and evaluation indicators.) These indica\u00ad tors can be divided to address the main components of DDR, as follows:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":422, "Sentence":"These indicators should aim to measure performance in terms of outcomes and outputs, effectiveness in achieving programme objec\u00ad tives, and the efficiency of the performance by which outcomes and outputs are achieved (i.e., in relation to inputs).", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes indicator aim measure performance term outcome output effectiveness achieving programme objec\u00ad tives efficiency performance outcome output achieved i.e . relation input ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2. Monitoring indicators", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Although the definition of monitoring indicators will differ a great deal according to both the context in which DDR is implemented and the DDR strategy and components, certain generic (general or typical) indicators should be identified that can guide DDR managers to establish monitoring mechanisms and systems. These indicators should aim to measure performance in terms of outcomes and outputs, effectiveness in achieving programme objec\u00ad tives, and the efficiency of the performance by which outcomes and outputs are achieved (i.e., in relation to inputs). (See IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Annex D, sec. 4 for gender\u00adrelated and female\u00adspecific monitoring and evaluation indicators.) These indica\u00ad tors can be divided to address the main components of DDR, as follows:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":422, "Sentence":"(See IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Annex D, sec.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr annex sec ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2. Monitoring indicators", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Although the definition of monitoring indicators will differ a great deal according to both the context in which DDR is implemented and the DDR strategy and components, certain generic (general or typical) indicators should be identified that can guide DDR managers to establish monitoring mechanisms and systems. These indicators should aim to measure performance in terms of outcomes and outputs, effectiveness in achieving programme objec\u00ad tives, and the efficiency of the performance by which outcomes and outputs are achieved (i.e., in relation to inputs). (See IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Annex D, sec. 4 for gender\u00adrelated and female\u00adspecific monitoring and evaluation indicators.) These indica\u00ad tors can be divided to address the main components of DDR, as follows:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":422, "Sentence":"4 for gender\u00adrelated and female\u00adspecific monitoring and evaluation indicators.)", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes 4 gender\u00adrelated female\u00adspecific monitoring evaluation indicator ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2. Monitoring indicators", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Although the definition of monitoring indicators will differ a great deal according to both the context in which DDR is implemented and the DDR strategy and components, certain generic (general or typical) indicators should be identified that can guide DDR managers to establish monitoring mechanisms and systems. These indicators should aim to measure performance in terms of outcomes and outputs, effectiveness in achieving programme objec\u00ad tives, and the efficiency of the performance by which outcomes and outputs are achieved (i.e., in relation to inputs). (See IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Annex D, sec. 4 for gender\u00adrelated and female\u00adspecific monitoring and evaluation indicators.) These indica\u00ad tors can be divided to address the main components of DDR, as follows:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":422, "Sentence":"These indica\u00ad tors can be divided to address the main components of DDR, as follows:", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes indica\u00ad tor divided address main component ddr follows" }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.3. Use of monitoring results", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"In general, the results of monitoring activities and tools should be used in three different ways to improve overall programme effectiveness and increase the achievement of objec\u00ad tives and goals: P\\n rogramme management: Monitoring outputs and outcomes for specific components or activities can provide important information about whether programme implementa\u00ad tion is proceeding in accordance with the programme plan and budget. If results indicate that implementation is \u2018off course\u2019, these results provide DDR management with infor\u00ad mation on what corrective action needs to be taken in order to bring implementation back into conformity with the overall programme implementation strategy and work plan. These results are therefore an important management tool; \\n Revision of programme strategy: Monitoring results can also provide information on the relevance or effectiveness of an existing strategy or course of action to produce specific outcomes or achieve key objectives. In certain cases, such results can demonstrate that a given course of action is not producing the intended outcomes and can provide DDR managers with an opportunity to reformulate or revise specific implementation strategies and approaches, and make the corresponding changes to the programme work plan. Examples include types of reintegration assistance that are not viable or appro\u00ad priate to the local context, and that can be corrected before many other ex\u00adcombatants enter similar schemes; \\n Use of resources: Monitoring results can provide important indications about the effi\u00ad ciency with which resources are used to implement activities and achieve outcomes. Given the large scale and number of activities and sub\u00adprojects involved in DDR, overall cost\u00adeffectiveness is an essential element in ensuring that DDR programmes achieve their overall objectives. In this regard, accurate and timely monitoring can enable programme managers to develop more cost\u00adeffective or efficient uses and distri\u00ad bution of resources.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":423, "Sentence":"In general, the results of monitoring activities and tools should be used in three different ways to improve overall programme effectiveness and increase the achievement of objec\u00ad tives and goals: P\\n rogramme management: Monitoring outputs and outcomes for specific components or activities can provide important information about whether programme implementa\u00ad tion is proceeding in accordance with the programme plan and budget.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes general result monitoring activity tool used three different way improve overall programme effectiveness increase achievement objec\u00ad tives goal pn rogramme management monitoring output outcome specific component activity provide important information whether programme implementa\u00ad tion proceeding accordance programme plan budget ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.3. Use of monitoring results", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"In general, the results of monitoring activities and tools should be used in three different ways to improve overall programme effectiveness and increase the achievement of objec\u00ad tives and goals: P\\n rogramme management: Monitoring outputs and outcomes for specific components or activities can provide important information about whether programme implementa\u00ad tion is proceeding in accordance with the programme plan and budget. If results indicate that implementation is \u2018off course\u2019, these results provide DDR management with infor\u00ad mation on what corrective action needs to be taken in order to bring implementation back into conformity with the overall programme implementation strategy and work plan. These results are therefore an important management tool; \\n Revision of programme strategy: Monitoring results can also provide information on the relevance or effectiveness of an existing strategy or course of action to produce specific outcomes or achieve key objectives. In certain cases, such results can demonstrate that a given course of action is not producing the intended outcomes and can provide DDR managers with an opportunity to reformulate or revise specific implementation strategies and approaches, and make the corresponding changes to the programme work plan. Examples include types of reintegration assistance that are not viable or appro\u00ad priate to the local context, and that can be corrected before many other ex\u00adcombatants enter similar schemes; \\n Use of resources: Monitoring results can provide important indications about the effi\u00ad ciency with which resources are used to implement activities and achieve outcomes. Given the large scale and number of activities and sub\u00adprojects involved in DDR, overall cost\u00adeffectiveness is an essential element in ensuring that DDR programmes achieve their overall objectives. In this regard, accurate and timely monitoring can enable programme managers to develop more cost\u00adeffective or efficient uses and distri\u00ad bution of resources.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":423, "Sentence":"If results indicate that implementation is \u2018off course\u2019, these results provide DDR management with infor\u00ad mation on what corrective action needs to be taken in order to bring implementation back into conformity with the overall programme implementation strategy and work plan.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes result indicate implementation \u2018 course \u2019 result provide ddr management infor\u00ad mation corrective action need taken order bring implementation back conformity overall programme implementation strategy work plan ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.3. Use of monitoring results", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"In general, the results of monitoring activities and tools should be used in three different ways to improve overall programme effectiveness and increase the achievement of objec\u00ad tives and goals: P\\n rogramme management: Monitoring outputs and outcomes for specific components or activities can provide important information about whether programme implementa\u00ad tion is proceeding in accordance with the programme plan and budget. If results indicate that implementation is \u2018off course\u2019, these results provide DDR management with infor\u00ad mation on what corrective action needs to be taken in order to bring implementation back into conformity with the overall programme implementation strategy and work plan. These results are therefore an important management tool; \\n Revision of programme strategy: Monitoring results can also provide information on the relevance or effectiveness of an existing strategy or course of action to produce specific outcomes or achieve key objectives. In certain cases, such results can demonstrate that a given course of action is not producing the intended outcomes and can provide DDR managers with an opportunity to reformulate or revise specific implementation strategies and approaches, and make the corresponding changes to the programme work plan. Examples include types of reintegration assistance that are not viable or appro\u00ad priate to the local context, and that can be corrected before many other ex\u00adcombatants enter similar schemes; \\n Use of resources: Monitoring results can provide important indications about the effi\u00ad ciency with which resources are used to implement activities and achieve outcomes. Given the large scale and number of activities and sub\u00adprojects involved in DDR, overall cost\u00adeffectiveness is an essential element in ensuring that DDR programmes achieve their overall objectives. In this regard, accurate and timely monitoring can enable programme managers to develop more cost\u00adeffective or efficient uses and distri\u00ad bution of resources.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":423, "Sentence":"These results are therefore an important management tool; \\n Revision of programme strategy: Monitoring results can also provide information on the relevance or effectiveness of an existing strategy or course of action to produce specific outcomes or achieve key objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes result therefore important management tool n revision programme strategy monitoring result also provide information relevance effectiveness existing strategy course action produce specific outcome achieve key objective ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.3. Use of monitoring results", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"In general, the results of monitoring activities and tools should be used in three different ways to improve overall programme effectiveness and increase the achievement of objec\u00ad tives and goals: P\\n rogramme management: Monitoring outputs and outcomes for specific components or activities can provide important information about whether programme implementa\u00ad tion is proceeding in accordance with the programme plan and budget. If results indicate that implementation is \u2018off course\u2019, these results provide DDR management with infor\u00ad mation on what corrective action needs to be taken in order to bring implementation back into conformity with the overall programme implementation strategy and work plan. These results are therefore an important management tool; \\n Revision of programme strategy: Monitoring results can also provide information on the relevance or effectiveness of an existing strategy or course of action to produce specific outcomes or achieve key objectives. In certain cases, such results can demonstrate that a given course of action is not producing the intended outcomes and can provide DDR managers with an opportunity to reformulate or revise specific implementation strategies and approaches, and make the corresponding changes to the programme work plan. Examples include types of reintegration assistance that are not viable or appro\u00ad priate to the local context, and that can be corrected before many other ex\u00adcombatants enter similar schemes; \\n Use of resources: Monitoring results can provide important indications about the effi\u00ad ciency with which resources are used to implement activities and achieve outcomes. Given the large scale and number of activities and sub\u00adprojects involved in DDR, overall cost\u00adeffectiveness is an essential element in ensuring that DDR programmes achieve their overall objectives. In this regard, accurate and timely monitoring can enable programme managers to develop more cost\u00adeffective or efficient uses and distri\u00ad bution of resources.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":423, "Sentence":"In certain cases, such results can demonstrate that a given course of action is not producing the intended outcomes and can provide DDR managers with an opportunity to reformulate or revise specific implementation strategies and approaches, and make the corresponding changes to the programme work plan.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes certain case result demonstrate given course action producing intended outcome provide ddr manager opportunity reformulate revise specific implementation strategy approach make corresponding change programme work plan ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.3. Use of monitoring results", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"In general, the results of monitoring activities and tools should be used in three different ways to improve overall programme effectiveness and increase the achievement of objec\u00ad tives and goals: P\\n rogramme management: Monitoring outputs and outcomes for specific components or activities can provide important information about whether programme implementa\u00ad tion is proceeding in accordance with the programme plan and budget. If results indicate that implementation is \u2018off course\u2019, these results provide DDR management with infor\u00ad mation on what corrective action needs to be taken in order to bring implementation back into conformity with the overall programme implementation strategy and work plan. These results are therefore an important management tool; \\n Revision of programme strategy: Monitoring results can also provide information on the relevance or effectiveness of an existing strategy or course of action to produce specific outcomes or achieve key objectives. In certain cases, such results can demonstrate that a given course of action is not producing the intended outcomes and can provide DDR managers with an opportunity to reformulate or revise specific implementation strategies and approaches, and make the corresponding changes to the programme work plan. Examples include types of reintegration assistance that are not viable or appro\u00ad priate to the local context, and that can be corrected before many other ex\u00adcombatants enter similar schemes; \\n Use of resources: Monitoring results can provide important indications about the effi\u00ad ciency with which resources are used to implement activities and achieve outcomes. Given the large scale and number of activities and sub\u00adprojects involved in DDR, overall cost\u00adeffectiveness is an essential element in ensuring that DDR programmes achieve their overall objectives. In this regard, accurate and timely monitoring can enable programme managers to develop more cost\u00adeffective or efficient uses and distri\u00ad bution of resources.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":423, "Sentence":"Examples include types of reintegration assistance that are not viable or appro\u00ad priate to the local context, and that can be corrected before many other ex\u00adcombatants enter similar schemes; \\n Use of resources: Monitoring results can provide important indications about the effi\u00ad ciency with which resources are used to implement activities and achieve outcomes.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes example include type reintegration assistance viable appro\u00ad priate local context corrected many ex\u00adcombatants enter similar scheme n use resource monitoring result provide important indication effi\u00ad ciency resource used implement activity achieve outcome ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.3. Use of monitoring results", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"In general, the results of monitoring activities and tools should be used in three different ways to improve overall programme effectiveness and increase the achievement of objec\u00ad tives and goals: P\\n rogramme management: Monitoring outputs and outcomes for specific components or activities can provide important information about whether programme implementa\u00ad tion is proceeding in accordance with the programme plan and budget. If results indicate that implementation is \u2018off course\u2019, these results provide DDR management with infor\u00ad mation on what corrective action needs to be taken in order to bring implementation back into conformity with the overall programme implementation strategy and work plan. These results are therefore an important management tool; \\n Revision of programme strategy: Monitoring results can also provide information on the relevance or effectiveness of an existing strategy or course of action to produce specific outcomes or achieve key objectives. In certain cases, such results can demonstrate that a given course of action is not producing the intended outcomes and can provide DDR managers with an opportunity to reformulate or revise specific implementation strategies and approaches, and make the corresponding changes to the programme work plan. Examples include types of reintegration assistance that are not viable or appro\u00ad priate to the local context, and that can be corrected before many other ex\u00adcombatants enter similar schemes; \\n Use of resources: Monitoring results can provide important indications about the effi\u00ad ciency with which resources are used to implement activities and achieve outcomes. Given the large scale and number of activities and sub\u00adprojects involved in DDR, overall cost\u00adeffectiveness is an essential element in ensuring that DDR programmes achieve their overall objectives. In this regard, accurate and timely monitoring can enable programme managers to develop more cost\u00adeffective or efficient uses and distri\u00ad bution of resources.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":423, "Sentence":"Given the large scale and number of activities and sub\u00adprojects involved in DDR, overall cost\u00adeffectiveness is an essential element in ensuring that DDR programmes achieve their overall objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes given large scale number activity sub\u00adprojects involved ddr overall cost\u00adeffectiveness essential element ensuring ddr programme achieve overall objective ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.3. Use of monitoring results", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"In general, the results of monitoring activities and tools should be used in three different ways to improve overall programme effectiveness and increase the achievement of objec\u00ad tives and goals: P\\n rogramme management: Monitoring outputs and outcomes for specific components or activities can provide important information about whether programme implementa\u00ad tion is proceeding in accordance with the programme plan and budget. If results indicate that implementation is \u2018off course\u2019, these results provide DDR management with infor\u00ad mation on what corrective action needs to be taken in order to bring implementation back into conformity with the overall programme implementation strategy and work plan. These results are therefore an important management tool; \\n Revision of programme strategy: Monitoring results can also provide information on the relevance or effectiveness of an existing strategy or course of action to produce specific outcomes or achieve key objectives. In certain cases, such results can demonstrate that a given course of action is not producing the intended outcomes and can provide DDR managers with an opportunity to reformulate or revise specific implementation strategies and approaches, and make the corresponding changes to the programme work plan. Examples include types of reintegration assistance that are not viable or appro\u00ad priate to the local context, and that can be corrected before many other ex\u00adcombatants enter similar schemes; \\n Use of resources: Monitoring results can provide important indications about the effi\u00ad ciency with which resources are used to implement activities and achieve outcomes. Given the large scale and number of activities and sub\u00adprojects involved in DDR, overall cost\u00adeffectiveness is an essential element in ensuring that DDR programmes achieve their overall objectives. In this regard, accurate and timely monitoring can enable programme managers to develop more cost\u00adeffective or efficient uses and distri\u00ad bution of resources.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":423, "Sentence":"In this regard, accurate and timely monitoring can enable programme managers to develop more cost\u00adeffective or efficient uses and distri\u00ad bution of resources.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes regard accurate timely monitoring enable programme manager develop cost\u00adeffective efficient us distri\u00ad bution resource ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"As described earlier, evaluations are a method of systematically and objectively assessing the relevance, efficiency, sustainability, effectiveness and impact of ongoing and completed programmes and projects. Evaluation is carried out selectively to answer questions that will guide decision makers and\/or programme managers. It is a valuable strategic manage\u00ad ment tool enabling DDR managers and policy makers to assess the overall role and impact of DDR in a post\u00adconflict setting, make strategic decisions, generate important lessons for future programmes and contribute to the refinement of international policy.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":424, "Sentence":"As described earlier, evaluations are a method of systematically and objectively assessing the relevance, efficiency, sustainability, effectiveness and impact of ongoing and completed programmes and projects.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes described earlier evaluation method systematically objectively assessing relevance efficiency sustainability effectiveness impact ongoing completed programme project ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"As described earlier, evaluations are a method of systematically and objectively assessing the relevance, efficiency, sustainability, effectiveness and impact of ongoing and completed programmes and projects. Evaluation is carried out selectively to answer questions that will guide decision makers and\/or programme managers. It is a valuable strategic manage\u00ad ment tool enabling DDR managers and policy makers to assess the overall role and impact of DDR in a post\u00adconflict setting, make strategic decisions, generate important lessons for future programmes and contribute to the refinement of international policy.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":424, "Sentence":"Evaluation is carried out selectively to answer questions that will guide decision makers and\/or programme managers.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes evaluation carried selectively answer question guide decision maker and\/or programme manager ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"As described earlier, evaluations are a method of systematically and objectively assessing the relevance, efficiency, sustainability, effectiveness and impact of ongoing and completed programmes and projects. Evaluation is carried out selectively to answer questions that will guide decision makers and\/or programme managers. It is a valuable strategic manage\u00ad ment tool enabling DDR managers and policy makers to assess the overall role and impact of DDR in a post\u00adconflict setting, make strategic decisions, generate important lessons for future programmes and contribute to the refinement of international policy.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":424, "Sentence":"It is a valuable strategic manage\u00ad ment tool enabling DDR managers and policy makers to assess the overall role and impact of DDR in a post\u00adconflict setting, make strategic decisions, generate important lessons for future programmes and contribute to the refinement of international policy.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes valuable strategic manage\u00ad ment tool enabling ddr manager policy maker ass overall role impact ddr post\u00adconflict setting make strategic decision generate important lesson future programme contribute refinement international policy ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.1. Establishing evaluation scope", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The scope or extent of an evaluation, which determines the range and type of indicators or factors that will be measured and analysed, should be directly linked to the objectives and purpose of the evaluation process, and how its results, conclusions and proposals will be used. In general, the scope of an evaluation varies between evaluations that focus primarily on \u2018impacts\u2019 and those that focus on broader \u2018outcomes\u2019: \\n Outcome evaluations: These focus on examining how a set of related projects, programmes and strategies brought about an anticipated outcome. DDR programmes, for instance, contribute to the consolidation of peace and security, but they are not the sole pro\u00ad gramme or factor that explains progress in achieving (or not achieving) this outcome, owing to the role of other programmes (SSR, police training, peace\u00adbuilding activities, etc.). Outcome evaluations define the specific contribution made by DDR to achieving this goal, or explain how DDR programmes interrelated with other processes to achieve the outcome. In this regard, outcome evaluations are primarily designed for broad comparative or strategic policy purposes. Example of an objective: \u201cto contribute to the consolidation of peace, national security, reconciliation and development through the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of ex\u00adcombatants into civil society\u201d; \\n Impact evaluations: These focus on the overall, longer\u00adterm impact, whether intended or unintended, of a programme. Impact evaluations can focus on the direct impacts of a DDR programme \u2014 e.g., its ability to successfully demobilize entire armies and decrease the potential for a return to conflict \u2014 and its indirect impact in helping to increase economic productivity at the local level, or in attracting ex\u00adcombatants from neighbouring countries where other conflicts are occurring. An example of an objective of a DDR programme is: \u201cto facilitate the development and environment in which ex\u00ad combatants are able to be disarmed, demobilized and reintegrated into their communities of choice and have access to social and economic reintegration opportunities\u201d.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":425, "Sentence":"The scope or extent of an evaluation, which determines the range and type of indicators or factors that will be measured and analysed, should be directly linked to the objectives and purpose of the evaluation process, and how its results, conclusions and proposals will be used.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes scope extent evaluation determines range type indicator factor measured analysed directly linked objective purpose evaluation process result conclusion proposal used ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.1. Establishing evaluation scope", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The scope or extent of an evaluation, which determines the range and type of indicators or factors that will be measured and analysed, should be directly linked to the objectives and purpose of the evaluation process, and how its results, conclusions and proposals will be used. In general, the scope of an evaluation varies between evaluations that focus primarily on \u2018impacts\u2019 and those that focus on broader \u2018outcomes\u2019: \\n Outcome evaluations: These focus on examining how a set of related projects, programmes and strategies brought about an anticipated outcome. DDR programmes, for instance, contribute to the consolidation of peace and security, but they are not the sole pro\u00ad gramme or factor that explains progress in achieving (or not achieving) this outcome, owing to the role of other programmes (SSR, police training, peace\u00adbuilding activities, etc.). Outcome evaluations define the specific contribution made by DDR to achieving this goal, or explain how DDR programmes interrelated with other processes to achieve the outcome. In this regard, outcome evaluations are primarily designed for broad comparative or strategic policy purposes. Example of an objective: \u201cto contribute to the consolidation of peace, national security, reconciliation and development through the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of ex\u00adcombatants into civil society\u201d; \\n Impact evaluations: These focus on the overall, longer\u00adterm impact, whether intended or unintended, of a programme. Impact evaluations can focus on the direct impacts of a DDR programme \u2014 e.g., its ability to successfully demobilize entire armies and decrease the potential for a return to conflict \u2014 and its indirect impact in helping to increase economic productivity at the local level, or in attracting ex\u00adcombatants from neighbouring countries where other conflicts are occurring. An example of an objective of a DDR programme is: \u201cto facilitate the development and environment in which ex\u00ad combatants are able to be disarmed, demobilized and reintegrated into their communities of choice and have access to social and economic reintegration opportunities\u201d.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":425, "Sentence":"In general, the scope of an evaluation varies between evaluations that focus primarily on \u2018impacts\u2019 and those that focus on broader \u2018outcomes\u2019: \\n Outcome evaluations: These focus on examining how a set of related projects, programmes and strategies brought about an anticipated outcome.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes general scope evaluation varies evaluation focus primarily \u2018 impact \u2019 focus broader \u2018 outcome \u2019 n outcome evaluation focus examining set related project programme strategy brought anticipated outcome ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.1. Establishing evaluation scope", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The scope or extent of an evaluation, which determines the range and type of indicators or factors that will be measured and analysed, should be directly linked to the objectives and purpose of the evaluation process, and how its results, conclusions and proposals will be used. In general, the scope of an evaluation varies between evaluations that focus primarily on \u2018impacts\u2019 and those that focus on broader \u2018outcomes\u2019: \\n Outcome evaluations: These focus on examining how a set of related projects, programmes and strategies brought about an anticipated outcome. DDR programmes, for instance, contribute to the consolidation of peace and security, but they are not the sole pro\u00ad gramme or factor that explains progress in achieving (or not achieving) this outcome, owing to the role of other programmes (SSR, police training, peace\u00adbuilding activities, etc.). Outcome evaluations define the specific contribution made by DDR to achieving this goal, or explain how DDR programmes interrelated with other processes to achieve the outcome. In this regard, outcome evaluations are primarily designed for broad comparative or strategic policy purposes. Example of an objective: \u201cto contribute to the consolidation of peace, national security, reconciliation and development through the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of ex\u00adcombatants into civil society\u201d; \\n Impact evaluations: These focus on the overall, longer\u00adterm impact, whether intended or unintended, of a programme. Impact evaluations can focus on the direct impacts of a DDR programme \u2014 e.g., its ability to successfully demobilize entire armies and decrease the potential for a return to conflict \u2014 and its indirect impact in helping to increase economic productivity at the local level, or in attracting ex\u00adcombatants from neighbouring countries where other conflicts are occurring. An example of an objective of a DDR programme is: \u201cto facilitate the development and environment in which ex\u00ad combatants are able to be disarmed, demobilized and reintegrated into their communities of choice and have access to social and economic reintegration opportunities\u201d.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":425, "Sentence":"DDR programmes, for instance, contribute to the consolidation of peace and security, but they are not the sole pro\u00ad gramme or factor that explains progress in achieving (or not achieving) this outcome, owing to the role of other programmes (SSR, police training, peace\u00adbuilding activities, etc.).", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes ddr programme instance contribute consolidation peace security sole pro\u00ad gramme factor explains progress achieving achieving outcome owing role programme ssr police training peace\u00adbuilding activity etc .." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.1. Establishing evaluation scope", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The scope or extent of an evaluation, which determines the range and type of indicators or factors that will be measured and analysed, should be directly linked to the objectives and purpose of the evaluation process, and how its results, conclusions and proposals will be used. In general, the scope of an evaluation varies between evaluations that focus primarily on \u2018impacts\u2019 and those that focus on broader \u2018outcomes\u2019: \\n Outcome evaluations: These focus on examining how a set of related projects, programmes and strategies brought about an anticipated outcome. DDR programmes, for instance, contribute to the consolidation of peace and security, but they are not the sole pro\u00ad gramme or factor that explains progress in achieving (or not achieving) this outcome, owing to the role of other programmes (SSR, police training, peace\u00adbuilding activities, etc.). Outcome evaluations define the specific contribution made by DDR to achieving this goal, or explain how DDR programmes interrelated with other processes to achieve the outcome. In this regard, outcome evaluations are primarily designed for broad comparative or strategic policy purposes. Example of an objective: \u201cto contribute to the consolidation of peace, national security, reconciliation and development through the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of ex\u00adcombatants into civil society\u201d; \\n Impact evaluations: These focus on the overall, longer\u00adterm impact, whether intended or unintended, of a programme. Impact evaluations can focus on the direct impacts of a DDR programme \u2014 e.g., its ability to successfully demobilize entire armies and decrease the potential for a return to conflict \u2014 and its indirect impact in helping to increase economic productivity at the local level, or in attracting ex\u00adcombatants from neighbouring countries where other conflicts are occurring. An example of an objective of a DDR programme is: \u201cto facilitate the development and environment in which ex\u00ad combatants are able to be disarmed, demobilized and reintegrated into their communities of choice and have access to social and economic reintegration opportunities\u201d.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":425, "Sentence":"Outcome evaluations define the specific contribution made by DDR to achieving this goal, or explain how DDR programmes interrelated with other processes to achieve the outcome.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes outcome evaluation define specific contribution made ddr achieving goal explain ddr programme interrelated process achieve outcome ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.1. Establishing evaluation scope", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The scope or extent of an evaluation, which determines the range and type of indicators or factors that will be measured and analysed, should be directly linked to the objectives and purpose of the evaluation process, and how its results, conclusions and proposals will be used. In general, the scope of an evaluation varies between evaluations that focus primarily on \u2018impacts\u2019 and those that focus on broader \u2018outcomes\u2019: \\n Outcome evaluations: These focus on examining how a set of related projects, programmes and strategies brought about an anticipated outcome. DDR programmes, for instance, contribute to the consolidation of peace and security, but they are not the sole pro\u00ad gramme or factor that explains progress in achieving (or not achieving) this outcome, owing to the role of other programmes (SSR, police training, peace\u00adbuilding activities, etc.). Outcome evaluations define the specific contribution made by DDR to achieving this goal, or explain how DDR programmes interrelated with other processes to achieve the outcome. In this regard, outcome evaluations are primarily designed for broad comparative or strategic policy purposes. Example of an objective: \u201cto contribute to the consolidation of peace, national security, reconciliation and development through the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of ex\u00adcombatants into civil society\u201d; \\n Impact evaluations: These focus on the overall, longer\u00adterm impact, whether intended or unintended, of a programme. Impact evaluations can focus on the direct impacts of a DDR programme \u2014 e.g., its ability to successfully demobilize entire armies and decrease the potential for a return to conflict \u2014 and its indirect impact in helping to increase economic productivity at the local level, or in attracting ex\u00adcombatants from neighbouring countries where other conflicts are occurring. An example of an objective of a DDR programme is: \u201cto facilitate the development and environment in which ex\u00ad combatants are able to be disarmed, demobilized and reintegrated into their communities of choice and have access to social and economic reintegration opportunities\u201d.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":425, "Sentence":"In this regard, outcome evaluations are primarily designed for broad comparative or strategic policy purposes.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes regard outcome evaluation primarily designed broad comparative strategic policy purpose ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.1. Establishing evaluation scope", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The scope or extent of an evaluation, which determines the range and type of indicators or factors that will be measured and analysed, should be directly linked to the objectives and purpose of the evaluation process, and how its results, conclusions and proposals will be used. In general, the scope of an evaluation varies between evaluations that focus primarily on \u2018impacts\u2019 and those that focus on broader \u2018outcomes\u2019: \\n Outcome evaluations: These focus on examining how a set of related projects, programmes and strategies brought about an anticipated outcome. DDR programmes, for instance, contribute to the consolidation of peace and security, but they are not the sole pro\u00ad gramme or factor that explains progress in achieving (or not achieving) this outcome, owing to the role of other programmes (SSR, police training, peace\u00adbuilding activities, etc.). Outcome evaluations define the specific contribution made by DDR to achieving this goal, or explain how DDR programmes interrelated with other processes to achieve the outcome. In this regard, outcome evaluations are primarily designed for broad comparative or strategic policy purposes. Example of an objective: \u201cto contribute to the consolidation of peace, national security, reconciliation and development through the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of ex\u00adcombatants into civil society\u201d; \\n Impact evaluations: These focus on the overall, longer\u00adterm impact, whether intended or unintended, of a programme. Impact evaluations can focus on the direct impacts of a DDR programme \u2014 e.g., its ability to successfully demobilize entire armies and decrease the potential for a return to conflict \u2014 and its indirect impact in helping to increase economic productivity at the local level, or in attracting ex\u00adcombatants from neighbouring countries where other conflicts are occurring. An example of an objective of a DDR programme is: \u201cto facilitate the development and environment in which ex\u00ad combatants are able to be disarmed, demobilized and reintegrated into their communities of choice and have access to social and economic reintegration opportunities\u201d.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":425, "Sentence":"Example of an objective: \u201cto contribute to the consolidation of peace, national security, reconciliation and development through the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of ex\u00adcombatants into civil society\u201d; \\n Impact evaluations: These focus on the overall, longer\u00adterm impact, whether intended or unintended, of a programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes example objective \u201c contribute consolidation peace national security reconciliation development disarmament demobilization reintegration ex\u00adcombatants civil society \u201d n impact evaluation focus overall longer\u00adterm impact whether intended unintended programme ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.1. Establishing evaluation scope", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The scope or extent of an evaluation, which determines the range and type of indicators or factors that will be measured and analysed, should be directly linked to the objectives and purpose of the evaluation process, and how its results, conclusions and proposals will be used. In general, the scope of an evaluation varies between evaluations that focus primarily on \u2018impacts\u2019 and those that focus on broader \u2018outcomes\u2019: \\n Outcome evaluations: These focus on examining how a set of related projects, programmes and strategies brought about an anticipated outcome. DDR programmes, for instance, contribute to the consolidation of peace and security, but they are not the sole pro\u00ad gramme or factor that explains progress in achieving (or not achieving) this outcome, owing to the role of other programmes (SSR, police training, peace\u00adbuilding activities, etc.). Outcome evaluations define the specific contribution made by DDR to achieving this goal, or explain how DDR programmes interrelated with other processes to achieve the outcome. In this regard, outcome evaluations are primarily designed for broad comparative or strategic policy purposes. Example of an objective: \u201cto contribute to the consolidation of peace, national security, reconciliation and development through the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of ex\u00adcombatants into civil society\u201d; \\n Impact evaluations: These focus on the overall, longer\u00adterm impact, whether intended or unintended, of a programme. Impact evaluations can focus on the direct impacts of a DDR programme \u2014 e.g., its ability to successfully demobilize entire armies and decrease the potential for a return to conflict \u2014 and its indirect impact in helping to increase economic productivity at the local level, or in attracting ex\u00adcombatants from neighbouring countries where other conflicts are occurring. An example of an objective of a DDR programme is: \u201cto facilitate the development and environment in which ex\u00ad combatants are able to be disarmed, demobilized and reintegrated into their communities of choice and have access to social and economic reintegration opportunities\u201d.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":425, "Sentence":"Impact evaluations can focus on the direct impacts of a DDR programme \u2014 e.g., its ability to successfully demobilize entire armies and decrease the potential for a return to conflict \u2014 and its indirect impact in helping to increase economic productivity at the local level, or in attracting ex\u00adcombatants from neighbouring countries where other conflicts are occurring.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes impact evaluation focus direct impact ddr programme \u2014 e.g . ability successfully demobilize entire army decrease potential return conflict \u2014 indirect impact helping increase economic productivity local level attracting ex\u00adcombatants neighbouring country conflict occurring ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.1. Establishing evaluation scope", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The scope or extent of an evaluation, which determines the range and type of indicators or factors that will be measured and analysed, should be directly linked to the objectives and purpose of the evaluation process, and how its results, conclusions and proposals will be used. In general, the scope of an evaluation varies between evaluations that focus primarily on \u2018impacts\u2019 and those that focus on broader \u2018outcomes\u2019: \\n Outcome evaluations: These focus on examining how a set of related projects, programmes and strategies brought about an anticipated outcome. DDR programmes, for instance, contribute to the consolidation of peace and security, but they are not the sole pro\u00ad gramme or factor that explains progress in achieving (or not achieving) this outcome, owing to the role of other programmes (SSR, police training, peace\u00adbuilding activities, etc.). Outcome evaluations define the specific contribution made by DDR to achieving this goal, or explain how DDR programmes interrelated with other processes to achieve the outcome. In this regard, outcome evaluations are primarily designed for broad comparative or strategic policy purposes. Example of an objective: \u201cto contribute to the consolidation of peace, national security, reconciliation and development through the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of ex\u00adcombatants into civil society\u201d; \\n Impact evaluations: These focus on the overall, longer\u00adterm impact, whether intended or unintended, of a programme. Impact evaluations can focus on the direct impacts of a DDR programme \u2014 e.g., its ability to successfully demobilize entire armies and decrease the potential for a return to conflict \u2014 and its indirect impact in helping to increase economic productivity at the local level, or in attracting ex\u00adcombatants from neighbouring countries where other conflicts are occurring. An example of an objective of a DDR programme is: \u201cto facilitate the development and environment in which ex\u00ad combatants are able to be disarmed, demobilized and reintegrated into their communities of choice and have access to social and economic reintegration opportunities\u201d.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":425, "Sentence":"An example of an objective of a DDR programme is: \u201cto facilitate the development and environment in which ex\u00ad combatants are able to be disarmed, demobilized and reintegrated into their communities of choice and have access to social and economic reintegration opportunities\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes example objective ddr programme \u201c facilitate development environment ex\u00ad combatant able disarmed demobilized reintegrated community choice access social economic reintegration opportunity \u201d ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.2. Timing and objectives of evaluations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In general, evaluations should be carried out at key points in the programme implementation cycle in order to achieve related yet distinct objectives. Four main categories or types of evaluations can be identified: \\n Formative internal evaluations are primarily conducted in the early phase of programme implementation in order to assess early hypotheses and working assumptions, analyse outcomes from pilot interventions and activities, or verify the viability or relevance of a strategy or set of intended outputs. Such evaluations are valuable mechanisms that allow implementation strategies to be corrected early on in the programme implemen\u00ad tation process by identifying potential problems. This type of evaluation is particularly important for DDR processes, given their complex strategic arrangements and the many different sub\u00adprocesses involved. Most formative internal evaluations can be carried out internally by the M&E officer or unit within a DDR section; \\n Mid-term evaluations are similar to formative internal evaluations, but are usually more comprehensive and strategic in their scope and focus, as opposed to the more diag\u00ad nostic function of the formative type. Mid\u00adterm evaluations are usually intended to provide an assessment of the performance and outcomes of a DDR process for stake\u00ad holders, partners and donors, and to enable policy makers to assess the overall role of DDR in the broader post\u00adconflict context. Mid\u00adterm evaluations can also include early assessments of the overall contribution of a DDR process to achieving broader post\u00ad conflict goals; \\n Terminal evaluations are usually carried out at the end of the programme cycle, and are designed to evaluate the overall outcomes and effectiveness of a DDR strategy and programme, the degree to which their main aims were achieved, and their overall effec\u00ad tiveness in contributing to broader goals. Terminal evaluations usually also try to answer a number of key questions regarding the overall strategic approach and focus of the programme, mainly its relevance, efficiency, sustainability and effectiveness; \\n Ex-post evaluations are usually carried out some time (usually several years) after the end of a DDR programme in order to evaluate the long\u00adterm effectiveness of the programme, mainly the sustainability of its activities and positive outcomes (e.g., the extent to which ex\u00adcombatants remain productively engaged in alternatives to violence or mili\u00ad tary activity) or its direct and indirect impacts on security conditions, prospects for peace\u00adbuilding, and consequences for economic productivity and development. Ex\u00adpost evaluations of DDR programmes can also form part of larger impact evaluations to assess the overall effectiveness of a post\u00adconflict recovery strategy. Both terminal and ex\u00adpost evaluations are valuable mechanisms for identifying key lessons learned and best practice for further policy development and the design of future DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":426, "Sentence":"In general, evaluations should be carried out at key points in the programme implementation cycle in order to achieve related yet distinct objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes general evaluation carried key point programme implementation cycle order achieve related yet distinct objective ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.2. Timing and objectives of evaluations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In general, evaluations should be carried out at key points in the programme implementation cycle in order to achieve related yet distinct objectives. Four main categories or types of evaluations can be identified: \\n Formative internal evaluations are primarily conducted in the early phase of programme implementation in order to assess early hypotheses and working assumptions, analyse outcomes from pilot interventions and activities, or verify the viability or relevance of a strategy or set of intended outputs. Such evaluations are valuable mechanisms that allow implementation strategies to be corrected early on in the programme implemen\u00ad tation process by identifying potential problems. This type of evaluation is particularly important for DDR processes, given their complex strategic arrangements and the many different sub\u00adprocesses involved. Most formative internal evaluations can be carried out internally by the M&E officer or unit within a DDR section; \\n Mid-term evaluations are similar to formative internal evaluations, but are usually more comprehensive and strategic in their scope and focus, as opposed to the more diag\u00ad nostic function of the formative type. Mid\u00adterm evaluations are usually intended to provide an assessment of the performance and outcomes of a DDR process for stake\u00ad holders, partners and donors, and to enable policy makers to assess the overall role of DDR in the broader post\u00adconflict context. Mid\u00adterm evaluations can also include early assessments of the overall contribution of a DDR process to achieving broader post\u00ad conflict goals; \\n Terminal evaluations are usually carried out at the end of the programme cycle, and are designed to evaluate the overall outcomes and effectiveness of a DDR strategy and programme, the degree to which their main aims were achieved, and their overall effec\u00ad tiveness in contributing to broader goals. Terminal evaluations usually also try to answer a number of key questions regarding the overall strategic approach and focus of the programme, mainly its relevance, efficiency, sustainability and effectiveness; \\n Ex-post evaluations are usually carried out some time (usually several years) after the end of a DDR programme in order to evaluate the long\u00adterm effectiveness of the programme, mainly the sustainability of its activities and positive outcomes (e.g., the extent to which ex\u00adcombatants remain productively engaged in alternatives to violence or mili\u00ad tary activity) or its direct and indirect impacts on security conditions, prospects for peace\u00adbuilding, and consequences for economic productivity and development. Ex\u00adpost evaluations of DDR programmes can also form part of larger impact evaluations to assess the overall effectiveness of a post\u00adconflict recovery strategy. Both terminal and ex\u00adpost evaluations are valuable mechanisms for identifying key lessons learned and best practice for further policy development and the design of future DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":426, "Sentence":"Four main categories or types of evaluations can be identified: \\n Formative internal evaluations are primarily conducted in the early phase of programme implementation in order to assess early hypotheses and working assumptions, analyse outcomes from pilot interventions and activities, or verify the viability or relevance of a strategy or set of intended outputs.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes four main category type evaluation identified n formative internal evaluation primarily conducted early phase programme implementation order ass early hypothesis working assumption analyse outcome pilot intervention activity verify viability relevance strategy set intended output ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.2. Timing and objectives of evaluations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In general, evaluations should be carried out at key points in the programme implementation cycle in order to achieve related yet distinct objectives. Four main categories or types of evaluations can be identified: \\n Formative internal evaluations are primarily conducted in the early phase of programme implementation in order to assess early hypotheses and working assumptions, analyse outcomes from pilot interventions and activities, or verify the viability or relevance of a strategy or set of intended outputs. Such evaluations are valuable mechanisms that allow implementation strategies to be corrected early on in the programme implemen\u00ad tation process by identifying potential problems. This type of evaluation is particularly important for DDR processes, given their complex strategic arrangements and the many different sub\u00adprocesses involved. Most formative internal evaluations can be carried out internally by the M&E officer or unit within a DDR section; \\n Mid-term evaluations are similar to formative internal evaluations, but are usually more comprehensive and strategic in their scope and focus, as opposed to the more diag\u00ad nostic function of the formative type. Mid\u00adterm evaluations are usually intended to provide an assessment of the performance and outcomes of a DDR process for stake\u00ad holders, partners and donors, and to enable policy makers to assess the overall role of DDR in the broader post\u00adconflict context. Mid\u00adterm evaluations can also include early assessments of the overall contribution of a DDR process to achieving broader post\u00ad conflict goals; \\n Terminal evaluations are usually carried out at the end of the programme cycle, and are designed to evaluate the overall outcomes and effectiveness of a DDR strategy and programme, the degree to which their main aims were achieved, and their overall effec\u00ad tiveness in contributing to broader goals. Terminal evaluations usually also try to answer a number of key questions regarding the overall strategic approach and focus of the programme, mainly its relevance, efficiency, sustainability and effectiveness; \\n Ex-post evaluations are usually carried out some time (usually several years) after the end of a DDR programme in order to evaluate the long\u00adterm effectiveness of the programme, mainly the sustainability of its activities and positive outcomes (e.g., the extent to which ex\u00adcombatants remain productively engaged in alternatives to violence or mili\u00ad tary activity) or its direct and indirect impacts on security conditions, prospects for peace\u00adbuilding, and consequences for economic productivity and development. Ex\u00adpost evaluations of DDR programmes can also form part of larger impact evaluations to assess the overall effectiveness of a post\u00adconflict recovery strategy. Both terminal and ex\u00adpost evaluations are valuable mechanisms for identifying key lessons learned and best practice for further policy development and the design of future DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":426, "Sentence":"Such evaluations are valuable mechanisms that allow implementation strategies to be corrected early on in the programme implemen\u00ad tation process by identifying potential problems.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes evaluation valuable mechanism allow implementation strategy corrected early programme implemen\u00ad tation process identifying potential problem ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.2. Timing and objectives of evaluations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In general, evaluations should be carried out at key points in the programme implementation cycle in order to achieve related yet distinct objectives. Four main categories or types of evaluations can be identified: \\n Formative internal evaluations are primarily conducted in the early phase of programme implementation in order to assess early hypotheses and working assumptions, analyse outcomes from pilot interventions and activities, or verify the viability or relevance of a strategy or set of intended outputs. Such evaluations are valuable mechanisms that allow implementation strategies to be corrected early on in the programme implemen\u00ad tation process by identifying potential problems. This type of evaluation is particularly important for DDR processes, given their complex strategic arrangements and the many different sub\u00adprocesses involved. Most formative internal evaluations can be carried out internally by the M&E officer or unit within a DDR section; \\n Mid-term evaluations are similar to formative internal evaluations, but are usually more comprehensive and strategic in their scope and focus, as opposed to the more diag\u00ad nostic function of the formative type. Mid\u00adterm evaluations are usually intended to provide an assessment of the performance and outcomes of a DDR process for stake\u00ad holders, partners and donors, and to enable policy makers to assess the overall role of DDR in the broader post\u00adconflict context. Mid\u00adterm evaluations can also include early assessments of the overall contribution of a DDR process to achieving broader post\u00ad conflict goals; \\n Terminal evaluations are usually carried out at the end of the programme cycle, and are designed to evaluate the overall outcomes and effectiveness of a DDR strategy and programme, the degree to which their main aims were achieved, and their overall effec\u00ad tiveness in contributing to broader goals. Terminal evaluations usually also try to answer a number of key questions regarding the overall strategic approach and focus of the programme, mainly its relevance, efficiency, sustainability and effectiveness; \\n Ex-post evaluations are usually carried out some time (usually several years) after the end of a DDR programme in order to evaluate the long\u00adterm effectiveness of the programme, mainly the sustainability of its activities and positive outcomes (e.g., the extent to which ex\u00adcombatants remain productively engaged in alternatives to violence or mili\u00ad tary activity) or its direct and indirect impacts on security conditions, prospects for peace\u00adbuilding, and consequences for economic productivity and development. Ex\u00adpost evaluations of DDR programmes can also form part of larger impact evaluations to assess the overall effectiveness of a post\u00adconflict recovery strategy. Both terminal and ex\u00adpost evaluations are valuable mechanisms for identifying key lessons learned and best practice for further policy development and the design of future DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":426, "Sentence":"This type of evaluation is particularly important for DDR processes, given their complex strategic arrangements and the many different sub\u00adprocesses involved.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes type evaluation particularly important ddr process given complex strategic arrangement many different sub\u00adprocesses involved ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.2. Timing and objectives of evaluations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In general, evaluations should be carried out at key points in the programme implementation cycle in order to achieve related yet distinct objectives. Four main categories or types of evaluations can be identified: \\n Formative internal evaluations are primarily conducted in the early phase of programme implementation in order to assess early hypotheses and working assumptions, analyse outcomes from pilot interventions and activities, or verify the viability or relevance of a strategy or set of intended outputs. Such evaluations are valuable mechanisms that allow implementation strategies to be corrected early on in the programme implemen\u00ad tation process by identifying potential problems. This type of evaluation is particularly important for DDR processes, given their complex strategic arrangements and the many different sub\u00adprocesses involved. Most formative internal evaluations can be carried out internally by the M&E officer or unit within a DDR section; \\n Mid-term evaluations are similar to formative internal evaluations, but are usually more comprehensive and strategic in their scope and focus, as opposed to the more diag\u00ad nostic function of the formative type. Mid\u00adterm evaluations are usually intended to provide an assessment of the performance and outcomes of a DDR process for stake\u00ad holders, partners and donors, and to enable policy makers to assess the overall role of DDR in the broader post\u00adconflict context. Mid\u00adterm evaluations can also include early assessments of the overall contribution of a DDR process to achieving broader post\u00ad conflict goals; \\n Terminal evaluations are usually carried out at the end of the programme cycle, and are designed to evaluate the overall outcomes and effectiveness of a DDR strategy and programme, the degree to which their main aims were achieved, and their overall effec\u00ad tiveness in contributing to broader goals. Terminal evaluations usually also try to answer a number of key questions regarding the overall strategic approach and focus of the programme, mainly its relevance, efficiency, sustainability and effectiveness; \\n Ex-post evaluations are usually carried out some time (usually several years) after the end of a DDR programme in order to evaluate the long\u00adterm effectiveness of the programme, mainly the sustainability of its activities and positive outcomes (e.g., the extent to which ex\u00adcombatants remain productively engaged in alternatives to violence or mili\u00ad tary activity) or its direct and indirect impacts on security conditions, prospects for peace\u00adbuilding, and consequences for economic productivity and development. Ex\u00adpost evaluations of DDR programmes can also form part of larger impact evaluations to assess the overall effectiveness of a post\u00adconflict recovery strategy. Both terminal and ex\u00adpost evaluations are valuable mechanisms for identifying key lessons learned and best practice for further policy development and the design of future DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":426, "Sentence":"Most formative internal evaluations can be carried out internally by the M&E officer or unit within a DDR section; \\n Mid-term evaluations are similar to formative internal evaluations, but are usually more comprehensive and strategic in their scope and focus, as opposed to the more diag\u00ad nostic function of the formative type.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes formative internal evaluation carried internally officer unit within ddr section n midterm evaluation similar formative internal evaluation usually comprehensive strategic scope focus opposed diag\u00ad nostic function formative type ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.2. Timing and objectives of evaluations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In general, evaluations should be carried out at key points in the programme implementation cycle in order to achieve related yet distinct objectives. Four main categories or types of evaluations can be identified: \\n Formative internal evaluations are primarily conducted in the early phase of programme implementation in order to assess early hypotheses and working assumptions, analyse outcomes from pilot interventions and activities, or verify the viability or relevance of a strategy or set of intended outputs. Such evaluations are valuable mechanisms that allow implementation strategies to be corrected early on in the programme implemen\u00ad tation process by identifying potential problems. This type of evaluation is particularly important for DDR processes, given their complex strategic arrangements and the many different sub\u00adprocesses involved. Most formative internal evaluations can be carried out internally by the M&E officer or unit within a DDR section; \\n Mid-term evaluations are similar to formative internal evaluations, but are usually more comprehensive and strategic in their scope and focus, as opposed to the more diag\u00ad nostic function of the formative type. Mid\u00adterm evaluations are usually intended to provide an assessment of the performance and outcomes of a DDR process for stake\u00ad holders, partners and donors, and to enable policy makers to assess the overall role of DDR in the broader post\u00adconflict context. Mid\u00adterm evaluations can also include early assessments of the overall contribution of a DDR process to achieving broader post\u00ad conflict goals; \\n Terminal evaluations are usually carried out at the end of the programme cycle, and are designed to evaluate the overall outcomes and effectiveness of a DDR strategy and programme, the degree to which their main aims were achieved, and their overall effec\u00ad tiveness in contributing to broader goals. Terminal evaluations usually also try to answer a number of key questions regarding the overall strategic approach and focus of the programme, mainly its relevance, efficiency, sustainability and effectiveness; \\n Ex-post evaluations are usually carried out some time (usually several years) after the end of a DDR programme in order to evaluate the long\u00adterm effectiveness of the programme, mainly the sustainability of its activities and positive outcomes (e.g., the extent to which ex\u00adcombatants remain productively engaged in alternatives to violence or mili\u00ad tary activity) or its direct and indirect impacts on security conditions, prospects for peace\u00adbuilding, and consequences for economic productivity and development. Ex\u00adpost evaluations of DDR programmes can also form part of larger impact evaluations to assess the overall effectiveness of a post\u00adconflict recovery strategy. Both terminal and ex\u00adpost evaluations are valuable mechanisms for identifying key lessons learned and best practice for further policy development and the design of future DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":426, "Sentence":"Mid\u00adterm evaluations are usually intended to provide an assessment of the performance and outcomes of a DDR process for stake\u00ad holders, partners and donors, and to enable policy makers to assess the overall role of DDR in the broader post\u00adconflict context.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes mid\u00adterm evaluation usually intended provide assessment performance outcome ddr process stake\u00ad holder partner donor enable policy maker ass overall role ddr broader post\u00adconflict context ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.2. Timing and objectives of evaluations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In general, evaluations should be carried out at key points in the programme implementation cycle in order to achieve related yet distinct objectives. Four main categories or types of evaluations can be identified: \\n Formative internal evaluations are primarily conducted in the early phase of programme implementation in order to assess early hypotheses and working assumptions, analyse outcomes from pilot interventions and activities, or verify the viability or relevance of a strategy or set of intended outputs. Such evaluations are valuable mechanisms that allow implementation strategies to be corrected early on in the programme implemen\u00ad tation process by identifying potential problems. This type of evaluation is particularly important for DDR processes, given their complex strategic arrangements and the many different sub\u00adprocesses involved. Most formative internal evaluations can be carried out internally by the M&E officer or unit within a DDR section; \\n Mid-term evaluations are similar to formative internal evaluations, but are usually more comprehensive and strategic in their scope and focus, as opposed to the more diag\u00ad nostic function of the formative type. Mid\u00adterm evaluations are usually intended to provide an assessment of the performance and outcomes of a DDR process for stake\u00ad holders, partners and donors, and to enable policy makers to assess the overall role of DDR in the broader post\u00adconflict context. Mid\u00adterm evaluations can also include early assessments of the overall contribution of a DDR process to achieving broader post\u00ad conflict goals; \\n Terminal evaluations are usually carried out at the end of the programme cycle, and are designed to evaluate the overall outcomes and effectiveness of a DDR strategy and programme, the degree to which their main aims were achieved, and their overall effec\u00ad tiveness in contributing to broader goals. Terminal evaluations usually also try to answer a number of key questions regarding the overall strategic approach and focus of the programme, mainly its relevance, efficiency, sustainability and effectiveness; \\n Ex-post evaluations are usually carried out some time (usually several years) after the end of a DDR programme in order to evaluate the long\u00adterm effectiveness of the programme, mainly the sustainability of its activities and positive outcomes (e.g., the extent to which ex\u00adcombatants remain productively engaged in alternatives to violence or mili\u00ad tary activity) or its direct and indirect impacts on security conditions, prospects for peace\u00adbuilding, and consequences for economic productivity and development. Ex\u00adpost evaluations of DDR programmes can also form part of larger impact evaluations to assess the overall effectiveness of a post\u00adconflict recovery strategy. Both terminal and ex\u00adpost evaluations are valuable mechanisms for identifying key lessons learned and best practice for further policy development and the design of future DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":426, "Sentence":"Mid\u00adterm evaluations can also include early assessments of the overall contribution of a DDR process to achieving broader post\u00ad conflict goals; \\n Terminal evaluations are usually carried out at the end of the programme cycle, and are designed to evaluate the overall outcomes and effectiveness of a DDR strategy and programme, the degree to which their main aims were achieved, and their overall effec\u00ad tiveness in contributing to broader goals.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes mid\u00adterm evaluation also include early assessment overall contribution ddr process achieving broader post\u00ad conflict goal n terminal evaluation usually carried end programme cycle designed evaluate overall outcome effectiveness ddr strategy programme degree main aim achieved overall effec\u00ad tiveness contributing broader goal ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.2. Timing and objectives of evaluations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In general, evaluations should be carried out at key points in the programme implementation cycle in order to achieve related yet distinct objectives. Four main categories or types of evaluations can be identified: \\n Formative internal evaluations are primarily conducted in the early phase of programme implementation in order to assess early hypotheses and working assumptions, analyse outcomes from pilot interventions and activities, or verify the viability or relevance of a strategy or set of intended outputs. Such evaluations are valuable mechanisms that allow implementation strategies to be corrected early on in the programme implemen\u00ad tation process by identifying potential problems. This type of evaluation is particularly important for DDR processes, given their complex strategic arrangements and the many different sub\u00adprocesses involved. Most formative internal evaluations can be carried out internally by the M&E officer or unit within a DDR section; \\n Mid-term evaluations are similar to formative internal evaluations, but are usually more comprehensive and strategic in their scope and focus, as opposed to the more diag\u00ad nostic function of the formative type. Mid\u00adterm evaluations are usually intended to provide an assessment of the performance and outcomes of a DDR process for stake\u00ad holders, partners and donors, and to enable policy makers to assess the overall role of DDR in the broader post\u00adconflict context. Mid\u00adterm evaluations can also include early assessments of the overall contribution of a DDR process to achieving broader post\u00ad conflict goals; \\n Terminal evaluations are usually carried out at the end of the programme cycle, and are designed to evaluate the overall outcomes and effectiveness of a DDR strategy and programme, the degree to which their main aims were achieved, and their overall effec\u00ad tiveness in contributing to broader goals. Terminal evaluations usually also try to answer a number of key questions regarding the overall strategic approach and focus of the programme, mainly its relevance, efficiency, sustainability and effectiveness; \\n Ex-post evaluations are usually carried out some time (usually several years) after the end of a DDR programme in order to evaluate the long\u00adterm effectiveness of the programme, mainly the sustainability of its activities and positive outcomes (e.g., the extent to which ex\u00adcombatants remain productively engaged in alternatives to violence or mili\u00ad tary activity) or its direct and indirect impacts on security conditions, prospects for peace\u00adbuilding, and consequences for economic productivity and development. Ex\u00adpost evaluations of DDR programmes can also form part of larger impact evaluations to assess the overall effectiveness of a post\u00adconflict recovery strategy. Both terminal and ex\u00adpost evaluations are valuable mechanisms for identifying key lessons learned and best practice for further policy development and the design of future DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":426, "Sentence":"Terminal evaluations usually also try to answer a number of key questions regarding the overall strategic approach and focus of the programme, mainly its relevance, efficiency, sustainability and effectiveness; \\n Ex-post evaluations are usually carried out some time (usually several years) after the end of a DDR programme in order to evaluate the long\u00adterm effectiveness of the programme, mainly the sustainability of its activities and positive outcomes (e.g., the extent to which ex\u00adcombatants remain productively engaged in alternatives to violence or mili\u00ad tary activity) or its direct and indirect impacts on security conditions, prospects for peace\u00adbuilding, and consequences for economic productivity and development.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes terminal evaluation usually also try answer number key question regarding overall strategic approach focus programme mainly relevance efficiency sustainability effectiveness n expost evaluation usually carried time usually several year end ddr programme order evaluate long\u00adterm effectiveness programme mainly sustainability activity positive outcome e.g . extent ex\u00adcombatants remain productively engaged alternative violence mili\u00ad tary activity direct indirect impact security condition prospect peace\u00adbuilding consequence economic productivity development ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.2. Timing and objectives of evaluations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In general, evaluations should be carried out at key points in the programme implementation cycle in order to achieve related yet distinct objectives. Four main categories or types of evaluations can be identified: \\n Formative internal evaluations are primarily conducted in the early phase of programme implementation in order to assess early hypotheses and working assumptions, analyse outcomes from pilot interventions and activities, or verify the viability or relevance of a strategy or set of intended outputs. Such evaluations are valuable mechanisms that allow implementation strategies to be corrected early on in the programme implemen\u00ad tation process by identifying potential problems. This type of evaluation is particularly important for DDR processes, given their complex strategic arrangements and the many different sub\u00adprocesses involved. Most formative internal evaluations can be carried out internally by the M&E officer or unit within a DDR section; \\n Mid-term evaluations are similar to formative internal evaluations, but are usually more comprehensive and strategic in their scope and focus, as opposed to the more diag\u00ad nostic function of the formative type. Mid\u00adterm evaluations are usually intended to provide an assessment of the performance and outcomes of a DDR process for stake\u00ad holders, partners and donors, and to enable policy makers to assess the overall role of DDR in the broader post\u00adconflict context. Mid\u00adterm evaluations can also include early assessments of the overall contribution of a DDR process to achieving broader post\u00ad conflict goals; \\n Terminal evaluations are usually carried out at the end of the programme cycle, and are designed to evaluate the overall outcomes and effectiveness of a DDR strategy and programme, the degree to which their main aims were achieved, and their overall effec\u00ad tiveness in contributing to broader goals. Terminal evaluations usually also try to answer a number of key questions regarding the overall strategic approach and focus of the programme, mainly its relevance, efficiency, sustainability and effectiveness; \\n Ex-post evaluations are usually carried out some time (usually several years) after the end of a DDR programme in order to evaluate the long\u00adterm effectiveness of the programme, mainly the sustainability of its activities and positive outcomes (e.g., the extent to which ex\u00adcombatants remain productively engaged in alternatives to violence or mili\u00ad tary activity) or its direct and indirect impacts on security conditions, prospects for peace\u00adbuilding, and consequences for economic productivity and development. Ex\u00adpost evaluations of DDR programmes can also form part of larger impact evaluations to assess the overall effectiveness of a post\u00adconflict recovery strategy. Both terminal and ex\u00adpost evaluations are valuable mechanisms for identifying key lessons learned and best practice for further policy development and the design of future DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":426, "Sentence":"Ex\u00adpost evaluations of DDR programmes can also form part of larger impact evaluations to assess the overall effectiveness of a post\u00adconflict recovery strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes ex\u00adpost evaluation ddr programme also form part larger impact evaluation ass overall effectiveness post\u00adconflict recovery strategy ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.2. Timing and objectives of evaluations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In general, evaluations should be carried out at key points in the programme implementation cycle in order to achieve related yet distinct objectives. Four main categories or types of evaluations can be identified: \\n Formative internal evaluations are primarily conducted in the early phase of programme implementation in order to assess early hypotheses and working assumptions, analyse outcomes from pilot interventions and activities, or verify the viability or relevance of a strategy or set of intended outputs. Such evaluations are valuable mechanisms that allow implementation strategies to be corrected early on in the programme implemen\u00ad tation process by identifying potential problems. This type of evaluation is particularly important for DDR processes, given their complex strategic arrangements and the many different sub\u00adprocesses involved. Most formative internal evaluations can be carried out internally by the M&E officer or unit within a DDR section; \\n Mid-term evaluations are similar to formative internal evaluations, but are usually more comprehensive and strategic in their scope and focus, as opposed to the more diag\u00ad nostic function of the formative type. Mid\u00adterm evaluations are usually intended to provide an assessment of the performance and outcomes of a DDR process for stake\u00ad holders, partners and donors, and to enable policy makers to assess the overall role of DDR in the broader post\u00adconflict context. Mid\u00adterm evaluations can also include early assessments of the overall contribution of a DDR process to achieving broader post\u00ad conflict goals; \\n Terminal evaluations are usually carried out at the end of the programme cycle, and are designed to evaluate the overall outcomes and effectiveness of a DDR strategy and programme, the degree to which their main aims were achieved, and their overall effec\u00ad tiveness in contributing to broader goals. Terminal evaluations usually also try to answer a number of key questions regarding the overall strategic approach and focus of the programme, mainly its relevance, efficiency, sustainability and effectiveness; \\n Ex-post evaluations are usually carried out some time (usually several years) after the end of a DDR programme in order to evaluate the long\u00adterm effectiveness of the programme, mainly the sustainability of its activities and positive outcomes (e.g., the extent to which ex\u00adcombatants remain productively engaged in alternatives to violence or mili\u00ad tary activity) or its direct and indirect impacts on security conditions, prospects for peace\u00adbuilding, and consequences for economic productivity and development. Ex\u00adpost evaluations of DDR programmes can also form part of larger impact evaluations to assess the overall effectiveness of a post\u00adconflict recovery strategy. Both terminal and ex\u00adpost evaluations are valuable mechanisms for identifying key lessons learned and best practice for further policy development and the design of future DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":426, "Sentence":"Both terminal and ex\u00adpost evaluations are valuable mechanisms for identifying key lessons learned and best practice for further policy development and the design of future DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes terminal ex\u00adpost evaluation valuable mechanism identifying key lesson learned best practice policy development design future ddr programme ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3. Selection of results and indicators for evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Given the broad scope of DDR programmes, and the differences in strategies, objectives and context, it is difficult to identify specific or generic (i.e., general) results or indicators for evaluating DDR programmes. A more meaningful approach is to identify the various types of impacts or issues to be analysed, and to construct composite (i.e., a group of) indi\u00ad cators as part of an overall methodological approach to evaluating the programme. The following factors usually form the basis from which an evaluation\u2019s focus is defined: \\n Relevance describes the extent to which the objectives of a programme or project remain valid and pertinent (relevant) as originally planned, or as modified owing to changing circumstances within the immediate context and external environment of that pro\u00ad gramme or project. Relevance can also include the suitability of a particular strategy or approach for dealing with a specific problem or issue. A DDR\u00adspecific evaluation could focus on the relevance of cantonment\u00adbased demobilization strategies, for instance, in comparison with other approaches (e.g., decentralized registration of combatants) that perhaps could have more effectively achieved the same objectives; \\n Sustainability involves the success of a strategy in continuing to achieve its initial objec\u00ad tives even after the end of a programme, i.e., whether it has a long\u00adlasting effect. In a DDR programme, this is most important in determining the long\u00adterm viability and effectiveness of reintegration assistance and the extent to which it ensures that ex\u00ad combatants remain in civilian life and do not return to military or violence\u00adbased livelihoods. Indicators in such a methodology include the viability of alternative eco\u00ad nomic livelihoods, behavioural change among ex\u00adcombatants, and so forth; \\n Impact includes the immediate and long\u00adterm consequences of an intervention on the place in which it is implemented, and on the lives of those who are assisted or who benefit from the programme. Evaluating the impact of DDR includes focusing on the immediate social and economic effects of the return of ex\u00adcombatants and their inte\u00ad gration into social and economic life, and the attitudes of communities and the specific direct or indirect effects of these on the lives of individuals; \\n Effectiveness measures the extent to which a programme has been successful in achieving its key objectives. The measurement of effectiveness can be quite specific (e.g., the success of a DDR programme in demobilizing and reintegrating the majority of ex\u00ad combatants) or can be defined in broad or strategic terms (e.g., the extent to which a DDR programme has lowered political tensions, reduced levels of insecurity or improved the well\u00adbeing of host communities); \\n Efficiency refers to how well a given DDR programme and strategy transformed inputs into results and outputs. This is a different way of focusing on the impact of a pro\u00ad gramme, because it places more emphasis on how economically resources were used to achieve specific outcomes. In certain cases, a DDR programme might have been successful in demobilizing and reintegrating a significant number of ex\u00adcombatants, and improving the welfare of host communities, but used up a disproportionately large share of resources that could have been better used to assist other groups that were not covered by the programme. In such a case, a lack of programme efficiency limited the potential scope of its impact.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":427, "Sentence":"Given the broad scope of DDR programmes, and the differences in strategies, objectives and context, it is difficult to identify specific or generic (i.e., general) results or indicators for evaluating DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes given broad scope ddr programme difference strategy objective context difficult identify specific generic i.e . general result indicator evaluating ddr programme ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3. Selection of results and indicators for evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Given the broad scope of DDR programmes, and the differences in strategies, objectives and context, it is difficult to identify specific or generic (i.e., general) results or indicators for evaluating DDR programmes. A more meaningful approach is to identify the various types of impacts or issues to be analysed, and to construct composite (i.e., a group of) indi\u00ad cators as part of an overall methodological approach to evaluating the programme. The following factors usually form the basis from which an evaluation\u2019s focus is defined: \\n Relevance describes the extent to which the objectives of a programme or project remain valid and pertinent (relevant) as originally planned, or as modified owing to changing circumstances within the immediate context and external environment of that pro\u00ad gramme or project. Relevance can also include the suitability of a particular strategy or approach for dealing with a specific problem or issue. A DDR\u00adspecific evaluation could focus on the relevance of cantonment\u00adbased demobilization strategies, for instance, in comparison with other approaches (e.g., decentralized registration of combatants) that perhaps could have more effectively achieved the same objectives; \\n Sustainability involves the success of a strategy in continuing to achieve its initial objec\u00ad tives even after the end of a programme, i.e., whether it has a long\u00adlasting effect. In a DDR programme, this is most important in determining the long\u00adterm viability and effectiveness of reintegration assistance and the extent to which it ensures that ex\u00ad combatants remain in civilian life and do not return to military or violence\u00adbased livelihoods. Indicators in such a methodology include the viability of alternative eco\u00ad nomic livelihoods, behavioural change among ex\u00adcombatants, and so forth; \\n Impact includes the immediate and long\u00adterm consequences of an intervention on the place in which it is implemented, and on the lives of those who are assisted or who benefit from the programme. Evaluating the impact of DDR includes focusing on the immediate social and economic effects of the return of ex\u00adcombatants and their inte\u00ad gration into social and economic life, and the attitudes of communities and the specific direct or indirect effects of these on the lives of individuals; \\n Effectiveness measures the extent to which a programme has been successful in achieving its key objectives. The measurement of effectiveness can be quite specific (e.g., the success of a DDR programme in demobilizing and reintegrating the majority of ex\u00ad combatants) or can be defined in broad or strategic terms (e.g., the extent to which a DDR programme has lowered political tensions, reduced levels of insecurity or improved the well\u00adbeing of host communities); \\n Efficiency refers to how well a given DDR programme and strategy transformed inputs into results and outputs. This is a different way of focusing on the impact of a pro\u00ad gramme, because it places more emphasis on how economically resources were used to achieve specific outcomes. In certain cases, a DDR programme might have been successful in demobilizing and reintegrating a significant number of ex\u00adcombatants, and improving the welfare of host communities, but used up a disproportionately large share of resources that could have been better used to assist other groups that were not covered by the programme. In such a case, a lack of programme efficiency limited the potential scope of its impact.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":427, "Sentence":"A more meaningful approach is to identify the various types of impacts or issues to be analysed, and to construct composite (i.e., a group of) indi\u00ad cators as part of an overall methodological approach to evaluating the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes meaningful approach identify various type impact issue analysed construct composite i.e . group indi\u00ad cators part overall methodological approach evaluating programme ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3. Selection of results and indicators for evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Given the broad scope of DDR programmes, and the differences in strategies, objectives and context, it is difficult to identify specific or generic (i.e., general) results or indicators for evaluating DDR programmes. A more meaningful approach is to identify the various types of impacts or issues to be analysed, and to construct composite (i.e., a group of) indi\u00ad cators as part of an overall methodological approach to evaluating the programme. The following factors usually form the basis from which an evaluation\u2019s focus is defined: \\n Relevance describes the extent to which the objectives of a programme or project remain valid and pertinent (relevant) as originally planned, or as modified owing to changing circumstances within the immediate context and external environment of that pro\u00ad gramme or project. Relevance can also include the suitability of a particular strategy or approach for dealing with a specific problem or issue. A DDR\u00adspecific evaluation could focus on the relevance of cantonment\u00adbased demobilization strategies, for instance, in comparison with other approaches (e.g., decentralized registration of combatants) that perhaps could have more effectively achieved the same objectives; \\n Sustainability involves the success of a strategy in continuing to achieve its initial objec\u00ad tives even after the end of a programme, i.e., whether it has a long\u00adlasting effect. In a DDR programme, this is most important in determining the long\u00adterm viability and effectiveness of reintegration assistance and the extent to which it ensures that ex\u00ad combatants remain in civilian life and do not return to military or violence\u00adbased livelihoods. Indicators in such a methodology include the viability of alternative eco\u00ad nomic livelihoods, behavioural change among ex\u00adcombatants, and so forth; \\n Impact includes the immediate and long\u00adterm consequences of an intervention on the place in which it is implemented, and on the lives of those who are assisted or who benefit from the programme. Evaluating the impact of DDR includes focusing on the immediate social and economic effects of the return of ex\u00adcombatants and their inte\u00ad gration into social and economic life, and the attitudes of communities and the specific direct or indirect effects of these on the lives of individuals; \\n Effectiveness measures the extent to which a programme has been successful in achieving its key objectives. The measurement of effectiveness can be quite specific (e.g., the success of a DDR programme in demobilizing and reintegrating the majority of ex\u00ad combatants) or can be defined in broad or strategic terms (e.g., the extent to which a DDR programme has lowered political tensions, reduced levels of insecurity or improved the well\u00adbeing of host communities); \\n Efficiency refers to how well a given DDR programme and strategy transformed inputs into results and outputs. This is a different way of focusing on the impact of a pro\u00ad gramme, because it places more emphasis on how economically resources were used to achieve specific outcomes. In certain cases, a DDR programme might have been successful in demobilizing and reintegrating a significant number of ex\u00adcombatants, and improving the welfare of host communities, but used up a disproportionately large share of resources that could have been better used to assist other groups that were not covered by the programme. In such a case, a lack of programme efficiency limited the potential scope of its impact.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":427, "Sentence":"The following factors usually form the basis from which an evaluation\u2019s focus is defined: \\n Relevance describes the extent to which the objectives of a programme or project remain valid and pertinent (relevant) as originally planned, or as modified owing to changing circumstances within the immediate context and external environment of that pro\u00ad gramme or project.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes following factor usually form basis evaluation \u2019 focus defined n relevance describes extent objective programme project remain valid pertinent relevant originally planned modified owing changing circumstance within immediate context external environment pro\u00ad gramme project ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3. Selection of results and indicators for evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Given the broad scope of DDR programmes, and the differences in strategies, objectives and context, it is difficult to identify specific or generic (i.e., general) results or indicators for evaluating DDR programmes. A more meaningful approach is to identify the various types of impacts or issues to be analysed, and to construct composite (i.e., a group of) indi\u00ad cators as part of an overall methodological approach to evaluating the programme. The following factors usually form the basis from which an evaluation\u2019s focus is defined: \\n Relevance describes the extent to which the objectives of a programme or project remain valid and pertinent (relevant) as originally planned, or as modified owing to changing circumstances within the immediate context and external environment of that pro\u00ad gramme or project. Relevance can also include the suitability of a particular strategy or approach for dealing with a specific problem or issue. A DDR\u00adspecific evaluation could focus on the relevance of cantonment\u00adbased demobilization strategies, for instance, in comparison with other approaches (e.g., decentralized registration of combatants) that perhaps could have more effectively achieved the same objectives; \\n Sustainability involves the success of a strategy in continuing to achieve its initial objec\u00ad tives even after the end of a programme, i.e., whether it has a long\u00adlasting effect. In a DDR programme, this is most important in determining the long\u00adterm viability and effectiveness of reintegration assistance and the extent to which it ensures that ex\u00ad combatants remain in civilian life and do not return to military or violence\u00adbased livelihoods. Indicators in such a methodology include the viability of alternative eco\u00ad nomic livelihoods, behavioural change among ex\u00adcombatants, and so forth; \\n Impact includes the immediate and long\u00adterm consequences of an intervention on the place in which it is implemented, and on the lives of those who are assisted or who benefit from the programme. Evaluating the impact of DDR includes focusing on the immediate social and economic effects of the return of ex\u00adcombatants and their inte\u00ad gration into social and economic life, and the attitudes of communities and the specific direct or indirect effects of these on the lives of individuals; \\n Effectiveness measures the extent to which a programme has been successful in achieving its key objectives. The measurement of effectiveness can be quite specific (e.g., the success of a DDR programme in demobilizing and reintegrating the majority of ex\u00ad combatants) or can be defined in broad or strategic terms (e.g., the extent to which a DDR programme has lowered political tensions, reduced levels of insecurity or improved the well\u00adbeing of host communities); \\n Efficiency refers to how well a given DDR programme and strategy transformed inputs into results and outputs. This is a different way of focusing on the impact of a pro\u00ad gramme, because it places more emphasis on how economically resources were used to achieve specific outcomes. In certain cases, a DDR programme might have been successful in demobilizing and reintegrating a significant number of ex\u00adcombatants, and improving the welfare of host communities, but used up a disproportionately large share of resources that could have been better used to assist other groups that were not covered by the programme. In such a case, a lack of programme efficiency limited the potential scope of its impact.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":427, "Sentence":"Relevance can also include the suitability of a particular strategy or approach for dealing with a specific problem or issue.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes relevance also include suitability particular strategy approach dealing specific problem issue ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3. Selection of results and indicators for evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Given the broad scope of DDR programmes, and the differences in strategies, objectives and context, it is difficult to identify specific or generic (i.e., general) results or indicators for evaluating DDR programmes. A more meaningful approach is to identify the various types of impacts or issues to be analysed, and to construct composite (i.e., a group of) indi\u00ad cators as part of an overall methodological approach to evaluating the programme. The following factors usually form the basis from which an evaluation\u2019s focus is defined: \\n Relevance describes the extent to which the objectives of a programme or project remain valid and pertinent (relevant) as originally planned, or as modified owing to changing circumstances within the immediate context and external environment of that pro\u00ad gramme or project. Relevance can also include the suitability of a particular strategy or approach for dealing with a specific problem or issue. A DDR\u00adspecific evaluation could focus on the relevance of cantonment\u00adbased demobilization strategies, for instance, in comparison with other approaches (e.g., decentralized registration of combatants) that perhaps could have more effectively achieved the same objectives; \\n Sustainability involves the success of a strategy in continuing to achieve its initial objec\u00ad tives even after the end of a programme, i.e., whether it has a long\u00adlasting effect. In a DDR programme, this is most important in determining the long\u00adterm viability and effectiveness of reintegration assistance and the extent to which it ensures that ex\u00ad combatants remain in civilian life and do not return to military or violence\u00adbased livelihoods. Indicators in such a methodology include the viability of alternative eco\u00ad nomic livelihoods, behavioural change among ex\u00adcombatants, and so forth; \\n Impact includes the immediate and long\u00adterm consequences of an intervention on the place in which it is implemented, and on the lives of those who are assisted or who benefit from the programme. Evaluating the impact of DDR includes focusing on the immediate social and economic effects of the return of ex\u00adcombatants and their inte\u00ad gration into social and economic life, and the attitudes of communities and the specific direct or indirect effects of these on the lives of individuals; \\n Effectiveness measures the extent to which a programme has been successful in achieving its key objectives. The measurement of effectiveness can be quite specific (e.g., the success of a DDR programme in demobilizing and reintegrating the majority of ex\u00ad combatants) or can be defined in broad or strategic terms (e.g., the extent to which a DDR programme has lowered political tensions, reduced levels of insecurity or improved the well\u00adbeing of host communities); \\n Efficiency refers to how well a given DDR programme and strategy transformed inputs into results and outputs. This is a different way of focusing on the impact of a pro\u00ad gramme, because it places more emphasis on how economically resources were used to achieve specific outcomes. In certain cases, a DDR programme might have been successful in demobilizing and reintegrating a significant number of ex\u00adcombatants, and improving the welfare of host communities, but used up a disproportionately large share of resources that could have been better used to assist other groups that were not covered by the programme. In such a case, a lack of programme efficiency limited the potential scope of its impact.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":427, "Sentence":"A DDR\u00adspecific evaluation could focus on the relevance of cantonment\u00adbased demobilization strategies, for instance, in comparison with other approaches (e.g., decentralized registration of combatants) that perhaps could have more effectively achieved the same objectives; \\n Sustainability involves the success of a strategy in continuing to achieve its initial objec\u00ad tives even after the end of a programme, i.e., whether it has a long\u00adlasting effect.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes ddr\u00adspecific evaluation could focus relevance cantonment\u00adbased demobilization strategy instance comparison approach e.g . decentralized registration combatant perhaps could effectively achieved objective n sustainability involves success strategy continuing achieve initial objec\u00ad tives even end programme i.e . whether long\u00adlasting effect ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3. Selection of results and indicators for evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Given the broad scope of DDR programmes, and the differences in strategies, objectives and context, it is difficult to identify specific or generic (i.e., general) results or indicators for evaluating DDR programmes. A more meaningful approach is to identify the various types of impacts or issues to be analysed, and to construct composite (i.e., a group of) indi\u00ad cators as part of an overall methodological approach to evaluating the programme. The following factors usually form the basis from which an evaluation\u2019s focus is defined: \\n Relevance describes the extent to which the objectives of a programme or project remain valid and pertinent (relevant) as originally planned, or as modified owing to changing circumstances within the immediate context and external environment of that pro\u00ad gramme or project. Relevance can also include the suitability of a particular strategy or approach for dealing with a specific problem or issue. A DDR\u00adspecific evaluation could focus on the relevance of cantonment\u00adbased demobilization strategies, for instance, in comparison with other approaches (e.g., decentralized registration of combatants) that perhaps could have more effectively achieved the same objectives; \\n Sustainability involves the success of a strategy in continuing to achieve its initial objec\u00ad tives even after the end of a programme, i.e., whether it has a long\u00adlasting effect. In a DDR programme, this is most important in determining the long\u00adterm viability and effectiveness of reintegration assistance and the extent to which it ensures that ex\u00ad combatants remain in civilian life and do not return to military or violence\u00adbased livelihoods. Indicators in such a methodology include the viability of alternative eco\u00ad nomic livelihoods, behavioural change among ex\u00adcombatants, and so forth; \\n Impact includes the immediate and long\u00adterm consequences of an intervention on the place in which it is implemented, and on the lives of those who are assisted or who benefit from the programme. Evaluating the impact of DDR includes focusing on the immediate social and economic effects of the return of ex\u00adcombatants and their inte\u00ad gration into social and economic life, and the attitudes of communities and the specific direct or indirect effects of these on the lives of individuals; \\n Effectiveness measures the extent to which a programme has been successful in achieving its key objectives. The measurement of effectiveness can be quite specific (e.g., the success of a DDR programme in demobilizing and reintegrating the majority of ex\u00ad combatants) or can be defined in broad or strategic terms (e.g., the extent to which a DDR programme has lowered political tensions, reduced levels of insecurity or improved the well\u00adbeing of host communities); \\n Efficiency refers to how well a given DDR programme and strategy transformed inputs into results and outputs. This is a different way of focusing on the impact of a pro\u00ad gramme, because it places more emphasis on how economically resources were used to achieve specific outcomes. In certain cases, a DDR programme might have been successful in demobilizing and reintegrating a significant number of ex\u00adcombatants, and improving the welfare of host communities, but used up a disproportionately large share of resources that could have been better used to assist other groups that were not covered by the programme. In such a case, a lack of programme efficiency limited the potential scope of its impact.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":427, "Sentence":"In a DDR programme, this is most important in determining the long\u00adterm viability and effectiveness of reintegration assistance and the extent to which it ensures that ex\u00ad combatants remain in civilian life and do not return to military or violence\u00adbased livelihoods.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes ddr programme important determining long\u00adterm viability effectiveness reintegration assistance extent ensures ex\u00ad combatant remain civilian life return military violence\u00adbased livelihood ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3. Selection of results and indicators for evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Given the broad scope of DDR programmes, and the differences in strategies, objectives and context, it is difficult to identify specific or generic (i.e., general) results or indicators for evaluating DDR programmes. A more meaningful approach is to identify the various types of impacts or issues to be analysed, and to construct composite (i.e., a group of) indi\u00ad cators as part of an overall methodological approach to evaluating the programme. The following factors usually form the basis from which an evaluation\u2019s focus is defined: \\n Relevance describes the extent to which the objectives of a programme or project remain valid and pertinent (relevant) as originally planned, or as modified owing to changing circumstances within the immediate context and external environment of that pro\u00ad gramme or project. Relevance can also include the suitability of a particular strategy or approach for dealing with a specific problem or issue. A DDR\u00adspecific evaluation could focus on the relevance of cantonment\u00adbased demobilization strategies, for instance, in comparison with other approaches (e.g., decentralized registration of combatants) that perhaps could have more effectively achieved the same objectives; \\n Sustainability involves the success of a strategy in continuing to achieve its initial objec\u00ad tives even after the end of a programme, i.e., whether it has a long\u00adlasting effect. In a DDR programme, this is most important in determining the long\u00adterm viability and effectiveness of reintegration assistance and the extent to which it ensures that ex\u00ad combatants remain in civilian life and do not return to military or violence\u00adbased livelihoods. Indicators in such a methodology include the viability of alternative eco\u00ad nomic livelihoods, behavioural change among ex\u00adcombatants, and so forth; \\n Impact includes the immediate and long\u00adterm consequences of an intervention on the place in which it is implemented, and on the lives of those who are assisted or who benefit from the programme. Evaluating the impact of DDR includes focusing on the immediate social and economic effects of the return of ex\u00adcombatants and their inte\u00ad gration into social and economic life, and the attitudes of communities and the specific direct or indirect effects of these on the lives of individuals; \\n Effectiveness measures the extent to which a programme has been successful in achieving its key objectives. The measurement of effectiveness can be quite specific (e.g., the success of a DDR programme in demobilizing and reintegrating the majority of ex\u00ad combatants) or can be defined in broad or strategic terms (e.g., the extent to which a DDR programme has lowered political tensions, reduced levels of insecurity or improved the well\u00adbeing of host communities); \\n Efficiency refers to how well a given DDR programme and strategy transformed inputs into results and outputs. This is a different way of focusing on the impact of a pro\u00ad gramme, because it places more emphasis on how economically resources were used to achieve specific outcomes. In certain cases, a DDR programme might have been successful in demobilizing and reintegrating a significant number of ex\u00adcombatants, and improving the welfare of host communities, but used up a disproportionately large share of resources that could have been better used to assist other groups that were not covered by the programme. In such a case, a lack of programme efficiency limited the potential scope of its impact.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":427, "Sentence":"Indicators in such a methodology include the viability of alternative eco\u00ad nomic livelihoods, behavioural change among ex\u00adcombatants, and so forth; \\n Impact includes the immediate and long\u00adterm consequences of an intervention on the place in which it is implemented, and on the lives of those who are assisted or who benefit from the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes indicator methodology include viability alternative eco\u00ad nomic livelihood behavioural change among ex\u00adcombatants forth n impact includes immediate long\u00adterm consequence intervention place implemented life assisted benefit programme ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3. Selection of results and indicators for evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Given the broad scope of DDR programmes, and the differences in strategies, objectives and context, it is difficult to identify specific or generic (i.e., general) results or indicators for evaluating DDR programmes. A more meaningful approach is to identify the various types of impacts or issues to be analysed, and to construct composite (i.e., a group of) indi\u00ad cators as part of an overall methodological approach to evaluating the programme. The following factors usually form the basis from which an evaluation\u2019s focus is defined: \\n Relevance describes the extent to which the objectives of a programme or project remain valid and pertinent (relevant) as originally planned, or as modified owing to changing circumstances within the immediate context and external environment of that pro\u00ad gramme or project. Relevance can also include the suitability of a particular strategy or approach for dealing with a specific problem or issue. A DDR\u00adspecific evaluation could focus on the relevance of cantonment\u00adbased demobilization strategies, for instance, in comparison with other approaches (e.g., decentralized registration of combatants) that perhaps could have more effectively achieved the same objectives; \\n Sustainability involves the success of a strategy in continuing to achieve its initial objec\u00ad tives even after the end of a programme, i.e., whether it has a long\u00adlasting effect. In a DDR programme, this is most important in determining the long\u00adterm viability and effectiveness of reintegration assistance and the extent to which it ensures that ex\u00ad combatants remain in civilian life and do not return to military or violence\u00adbased livelihoods. Indicators in such a methodology include the viability of alternative eco\u00ad nomic livelihoods, behavioural change among ex\u00adcombatants, and so forth; \\n Impact includes the immediate and long\u00adterm consequences of an intervention on the place in which it is implemented, and on the lives of those who are assisted or who benefit from the programme. Evaluating the impact of DDR includes focusing on the immediate social and economic effects of the return of ex\u00adcombatants and their inte\u00ad gration into social and economic life, and the attitudes of communities and the specific direct or indirect effects of these on the lives of individuals; \\n Effectiveness measures the extent to which a programme has been successful in achieving its key objectives. The measurement of effectiveness can be quite specific (e.g., the success of a DDR programme in demobilizing and reintegrating the majority of ex\u00ad combatants) or can be defined in broad or strategic terms (e.g., the extent to which a DDR programme has lowered political tensions, reduced levels of insecurity or improved the well\u00adbeing of host communities); \\n Efficiency refers to how well a given DDR programme and strategy transformed inputs into results and outputs. This is a different way of focusing on the impact of a pro\u00ad gramme, because it places more emphasis on how economically resources were used to achieve specific outcomes. In certain cases, a DDR programme might have been successful in demobilizing and reintegrating a significant number of ex\u00adcombatants, and improving the welfare of host communities, but used up a disproportionately large share of resources that could have been better used to assist other groups that were not covered by the programme. In such a case, a lack of programme efficiency limited the potential scope of its impact.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":427, "Sentence":"Evaluating the impact of DDR includes focusing on the immediate social and economic effects of the return of ex\u00adcombatants and their inte\u00ad gration into social and economic life, and the attitudes of communities and the specific direct or indirect effects of these on the lives of individuals; \\n Effectiveness measures the extent to which a programme has been successful in achieving its key objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes evaluating impact ddr includes focusing immediate social economic effect return ex\u00adcombatants inte\u00ad gration social economic life attitude community specific direct indirect effect life individual n effectiveness measure extent programme successful achieving key objective ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3. Selection of results and indicators for evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Given the broad scope of DDR programmes, and the differences in strategies, objectives and context, it is difficult to identify specific or generic (i.e., general) results or indicators for evaluating DDR programmes. A more meaningful approach is to identify the various types of impacts or issues to be analysed, and to construct composite (i.e., a group of) indi\u00ad cators as part of an overall methodological approach to evaluating the programme. The following factors usually form the basis from which an evaluation\u2019s focus is defined: \\n Relevance describes the extent to which the objectives of a programme or project remain valid and pertinent (relevant) as originally planned, or as modified owing to changing circumstances within the immediate context and external environment of that pro\u00ad gramme or project. Relevance can also include the suitability of a particular strategy or approach for dealing with a specific problem or issue. A DDR\u00adspecific evaluation could focus on the relevance of cantonment\u00adbased demobilization strategies, for instance, in comparison with other approaches (e.g., decentralized registration of combatants) that perhaps could have more effectively achieved the same objectives; \\n Sustainability involves the success of a strategy in continuing to achieve its initial objec\u00ad tives even after the end of a programme, i.e., whether it has a long\u00adlasting effect. In a DDR programme, this is most important in determining the long\u00adterm viability and effectiveness of reintegration assistance and the extent to which it ensures that ex\u00ad combatants remain in civilian life and do not return to military or violence\u00adbased livelihoods. Indicators in such a methodology include the viability of alternative eco\u00ad nomic livelihoods, behavioural change among ex\u00adcombatants, and so forth; \\n Impact includes the immediate and long\u00adterm consequences of an intervention on the place in which it is implemented, and on the lives of those who are assisted or who benefit from the programme. Evaluating the impact of DDR includes focusing on the immediate social and economic effects of the return of ex\u00adcombatants and their inte\u00ad gration into social and economic life, and the attitudes of communities and the specific direct or indirect effects of these on the lives of individuals; \\n Effectiveness measures the extent to which a programme has been successful in achieving its key objectives. The measurement of effectiveness can be quite specific (e.g., the success of a DDR programme in demobilizing and reintegrating the majority of ex\u00ad combatants) or can be defined in broad or strategic terms (e.g., the extent to which a DDR programme has lowered political tensions, reduced levels of insecurity or improved the well\u00adbeing of host communities); \\n Efficiency refers to how well a given DDR programme and strategy transformed inputs into results and outputs. This is a different way of focusing on the impact of a pro\u00ad gramme, because it places more emphasis on how economically resources were used to achieve specific outcomes. In certain cases, a DDR programme might have been successful in demobilizing and reintegrating a significant number of ex\u00adcombatants, and improving the welfare of host communities, but used up a disproportionately large share of resources that could have been better used to assist other groups that were not covered by the programme. In such a case, a lack of programme efficiency limited the potential scope of its impact.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":427, "Sentence":"The measurement of effectiveness can be quite specific (e.g., the success of a DDR programme in demobilizing and reintegrating the majority of ex\u00ad combatants) or can be defined in broad or strategic terms (e.g., the extent to which a DDR programme has lowered political tensions, reduced levels of insecurity or improved the well\u00adbeing of host communities); \\n Efficiency refers to how well a given DDR programme and strategy transformed inputs into results and outputs.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes measurement effectiveness quite specific e.g . success ddr programme demobilizing reintegrating majority ex\u00ad combatant defined broad strategic term e.g . extent ddr programme lowered political tension reduced level insecurity improved well\u00adbeing host community n efficiency refers well given ddr programme strategy transformed input result output ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3. Selection of results and indicators for evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Given the broad scope of DDR programmes, and the differences in strategies, objectives and context, it is difficult to identify specific or generic (i.e., general) results or indicators for evaluating DDR programmes. A more meaningful approach is to identify the various types of impacts or issues to be analysed, and to construct composite (i.e., a group of) indi\u00ad cators as part of an overall methodological approach to evaluating the programme. The following factors usually form the basis from which an evaluation\u2019s focus is defined: \\n Relevance describes the extent to which the objectives of a programme or project remain valid and pertinent (relevant) as originally planned, or as modified owing to changing circumstances within the immediate context and external environment of that pro\u00ad gramme or project. Relevance can also include the suitability of a particular strategy or approach for dealing with a specific problem or issue. A DDR\u00adspecific evaluation could focus on the relevance of cantonment\u00adbased demobilization strategies, for instance, in comparison with other approaches (e.g., decentralized registration of combatants) that perhaps could have more effectively achieved the same objectives; \\n Sustainability involves the success of a strategy in continuing to achieve its initial objec\u00ad tives even after the end of a programme, i.e., whether it has a long\u00adlasting effect. In a DDR programme, this is most important in determining the long\u00adterm viability and effectiveness of reintegration assistance and the extent to which it ensures that ex\u00ad combatants remain in civilian life and do not return to military or violence\u00adbased livelihoods. Indicators in such a methodology include the viability of alternative eco\u00ad nomic livelihoods, behavioural change among ex\u00adcombatants, and so forth; \\n Impact includes the immediate and long\u00adterm consequences of an intervention on the place in which it is implemented, and on the lives of those who are assisted or who benefit from the programme. Evaluating the impact of DDR includes focusing on the immediate social and economic effects of the return of ex\u00adcombatants and their inte\u00ad gration into social and economic life, and the attitudes of communities and the specific direct or indirect effects of these on the lives of individuals; \\n Effectiveness measures the extent to which a programme has been successful in achieving its key objectives. The measurement of effectiveness can be quite specific (e.g., the success of a DDR programme in demobilizing and reintegrating the majority of ex\u00ad combatants) or can be defined in broad or strategic terms (e.g., the extent to which a DDR programme has lowered political tensions, reduced levels of insecurity or improved the well\u00adbeing of host communities); \\n Efficiency refers to how well a given DDR programme and strategy transformed inputs into results and outputs. This is a different way of focusing on the impact of a pro\u00ad gramme, because it places more emphasis on how economically resources were used to achieve specific outcomes. In certain cases, a DDR programme might have been successful in demobilizing and reintegrating a significant number of ex\u00adcombatants, and improving the welfare of host communities, but used up a disproportionately large share of resources that could have been better used to assist other groups that were not covered by the programme. In such a case, a lack of programme efficiency limited the potential scope of its impact.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":427, "Sentence":"This is a different way of focusing on the impact of a pro\u00ad gramme, because it places more emphasis on how economically resources were used to achieve specific outcomes.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes different way focusing impact pro\u00ad gramme place emphasis economically resource used achieve specific outcome ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3. Selection of results and indicators for evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Given the broad scope of DDR programmes, and the differences in strategies, objectives and context, it is difficult to identify specific or generic (i.e., general) results or indicators for evaluating DDR programmes. A more meaningful approach is to identify the various types of impacts or issues to be analysed, and to construct composite (i.e., a group of) indi\u00ad cators as part of an overall methodological approach to evaluating the programme. The following factors usually form the basis from which an evaluation\u2019s focus is defined: \\n Relevance describes the extent to which the objectives of a programme or project remain valid and pertinent (relevant) as originally planned, or as modified owing to changing circumstances within the immediate context and external environment of that pro\u00ad gramme or project. Relevance can also include the suitability of a particular strategy or approach for dealing with a specific problem or issue. A DDR\u00adspecific evaluation could focus on the relevance of cantonment\u00adbased demobilization strategies, for instance, in comparison with other approaches (e.g., decentralized registration of combatants) that perhaps could have more effectively achieved the same objectives; \\n Sustainability involves the success of a strategy in continuing to achieve its initial objec\u00ad tives even after the end of a programme, i.e., whether it has a long\u00adlasting effect. In a DDR programme, this is most important in determining the long\u00adterm viability and effectiveness of reintegration assistance and the extent to which it ensures that ex\u00ad combatants remain in civilian life and do not return to military or violence\u00adbased livelihoods. Indicators in such a methodology include the viability of alternative eco\u00ad nomic livelihoods, behavioural change among ex\u00adcombatants, and so forth; \\n Impact includes the immediate and long\u00adterm consequences of an intervention on the place in which it is implemented, and on the lives of those who are assisted or who benefit from the programme. Evaluating the impact of DDR includes focusing on the immediate social and economic effects of the return of ex\u00adcombatants and their inte\u00ad gration into social and economic life, and the attitudes of communities and the specific direct or indirect effects of these on the lives of individuals; \\n Effectiveness measures the extent to which a programme has been successful in achieving its key objectives. The measurement of effectiveness can be quite specific (e.g., the success of a DDR programme in demobilizing and reintegrating the majority of ex\u00ad combatants) or can be defined in broad or strategic terms (e.g., the extent to which a DDR programme has lowered political tensions, reduced levels of insecurity or improved the well\u00adbeing of host communities); \\n Efficiency refers to how well a given DDR programme and strategy transformed inputs into results and outputs. This is a different way of focusing on the impact of a pro\u00ad gramme, because it places more emphasis on how economically resources were used to achieve specific outcomes. In certain cases, a DDR programme might have been successful in demobilizing and reintegrating a significant number of ex\u00adcombatants, and improving the welfare of host communities, but used up a disproportionately large share of resources that could have been better used to assist other groups that were not covered by the programme. In such a case, a lack of programme efficiency limited the potential scope of its impact.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":427, "Sentence":"In certain cases, a DDR programme might have been successful in demobilizing and reintegrating a significant number of ex\u00adcombatants, and improving the welfare of host communities, but used up a disproportionately large share of resources that could have been better used to assist other groups that were not covered by the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes certain case ddr programme might successful demobilizing reintegrating significant number ex\u00adcombatants improving welfare host community used disproportionately large share resource could better used assist group covered programme ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3. Selection of results and indicators for evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Given the broad scope of DDR programmes, and the differences in strategies, objectives and context, it is difficult to identify specific or generic (i.e., general) results or indicators for evaluating DDR programmes. A more meaningful approach is to identify the various types of impacts or issues to be analysed, and to construct composite (i.e., a group of) indi\u00ad cators as part of an overall methodological approach to evaluating the programme. The following factors usually form the basis from which an evaluation\u2019s focus is defined: \\n Relevance describes the extent to which the objectives of a programme or project remain valid and pertinent (relevant) as originally planned, or as modified owing to changing circumstances within the immediate context and external environment of that pro\u00ad gramme or project. Relevance can also include the suitability of a particular strategy or approach for dealing with a specific problem or issue. A DDR\u00adspecific evaluation could focus on the relevance of cantonment\u00adbased demobilization strategies, for instance, in comparison with other approaches (e.g., decentralized registration of combatants) that perhaps could have more effectively achieved the same objectives; \\n Sustainability involves the success of a strategy in continuing to achieve its initial objec\u00ad tives even after the end of a programme, i.e., whether it has a long\u00adlasting effect. In a DDR programme, this is most important in determining the long\u00adterm viability and effectiveness of reintegration assistance and the extent to which it ensures that ex\u00ad combatants remain in civilian life and do not return to military or violence\u00adbased livelihoods. Indicators in such a methodology include the viability of alternative eco\u00ad nomic livelihoods, behavioural change among ex\u00adcombatants, and so forth; \\n Impact includes the immediate and long\u00adterm consequences of an intervention on the place in which it is implemented, and on the lives of those who are assisted or who benefit from the programme. Evaluating the impact of DDR includes focusing on the immediate social and economic effects of the return of ex\u00adcombatants and their inte\u00ad gration into social and economic life, and the attitudes of communities and the specific direct or indirect effects of these on the lives of individuals; \\n Effectiveness measures the extent to which a programme has been successful in achieving its key objectives. The measurement of effectiveness can be quite specific (e.g., the success of a DDR programme in demobilizing and reintegrating the majority of ex\u00ad combatants) or can be defined in broad or strategic terms (e.g., the extent to which a DDR programme has lowered political tensions, reduced levels of insecurity or improved the well\u00adbeing of host communities); \\n Efficiency refers to how well a given DDR programme and strategy transformed inputs into results and outputs. This is a different way of focusing on the impact of a pro\u00ad gramme, because it places more emphasis on how economically resources were used to achieve specific outcomes. In certain cases, a DDR programme might have been successful in demobilizing and reintegrating a significant number of ex\u00adcombatants, and improving the welfare of host communities, but used up a disproportionately large share of resources that could have been better used to assist other groups that were not covered by the programme. In such a case, a lack of programme efficiency limited the potential scope of its impact.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":427, "Sentence":"In such a case, a lack of programme efficiency limited the potential scope of its impact.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes case lack programme efficiency limited potential scope impact ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.4. Use of evaluation results", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In general, the results and conclusions of evaluations should be used in several important and strategic ways: \\n A key function of evaluations is to enable practitioners and programme managers to identify, capture and disseminate lessons learned from programme implementation. This can have an immediate operational benefit, as these lessons can be \u2018fed back\u2019 to the programme implementation process, but it can also contribute to the body of lessons learned on DDR at regional and global levels; \\n Evaluations can also provide important mechanisms for identifying and institutional\u00ad izing best practice by identifying effective models, strategies and techniques that can be applied in other contexts; innovative approaches to dealing with outstanding problems; or linking DDR to other processes such as local peace\u00adbuilding, access to justice, and so forth; \\n Evaluation results also enable practitioners and managers to refine and further develop their programme strategy. This is particularly useful when programmes are designed to be implemented in phases, which allows for the assessment and identification of problems and best practice at the end of each phase, which can then be fed into later phases; \\n Evaluations also contribute to discussions between policy makers and practitioners on the further development of international and regional policies on DDR, by providing them with information and analyses that influence the way key policy issues can be dealt with and decisions reached. Evaluations can provide invaluable support to the elaboration of future policy frameworks for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":428, "Sentence":"In general, the results and conclusions of evaluations should be used in several important and strategic ways: \\n A key function of evaluations is to enable practitioners and programme managers to identify, capture and disseminate lessons learned from programme implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes general result conclusion evaluation used several important strategic way n key function evaluation enable practitioner programme manager identify capture disseminate lesson learned programme implementation ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.4. Use of evaluation results", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In general, the results and conclusions of evaluations should be used in several important and strategic ways: \\n A key function of evaluations is to enable practitioners and programme managers to identify, capture and disseminate lessons learned from programme implementation. This can have an immediate operational benefit, as these lessons can be \u2018fed back\u2019 to the programme implementation process, but it can also contribute to the body of lessons learned on DDR at regional and global levels; \\n Evaluations can also provide important mechanisms for identifying and institutional\u00ad izing best practice by identifying effective models, strategies and techniques that can be applied in other contexts; innovative approaches to dealing with outstanding problems; or linking DDR to other processes such as local peace\u00adbuilding, access to justice, and so forth; \\n Evaluation results also enable practitioners and managers to refine and further develop their programme strategy. This is particularly useful when programmes are designed to be implemented in phases, which allows for the assessment and identification of problems and best practice at the end of each phase, which can then be fed into later phases; \\n Evaluations also contribute to discussions between policy makers and practitioners on the further development of international and regional policies on DDR, by providing them with information and analyses that influence the way key policy issues can be dealt with and decisions reached. Evaluations can provide invaluable support to the elaboration of future policy frameworks for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":428, "Sentence":"This can have an immediate operational benefit, as these lessons can be \u2018fed back\u2019 to the programme implementation process, but it can also contribute to the body of lessons learned on DDR at regional and global levels; \\n Evaluations can also provide important mechanisms for identifying and institutional\u00ad izing best practice by identifying effective models, strategies and techniques that can be applied in other contexts; innovative approaches to dealing with outstanding problems; or linking DDR to other processes such as local peace\u00adbuilding, access to justice, and so forth; \\n Evaluation results also enable practitioners and managers to refine and further develop their programme strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes immediate operational benefit lesson \u2018 fed back \u2019 programme implementation process also contribute body lesson learned ddr regional global level n evaluation also provide important mechanism identifying institutional\u00ad izing best practice identifying effective model strategy technique applied context innovative approach dealing outstanding problem linking ddr process local peace\u00adbuilding access justice forth n evaluation result also enable practitioner manager refine develop programme strategy ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.4. Use of evaluation results", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In general, the results and conclusions of evaluations should be used in several important and strategic ways: \\n A key function of evaluations is to enable practitioners and programme managers to identify, capture and disseminate lessons learned from programme implementation. This can have an immediate operational benefit, as these lessons can be \u2018fed back\u2019 to the programme implementation process, but it can also contribute to the body of lessons learned on DDR at regional and global levels; \\n Evaluations can also provide important mechanisms for identifying and institutional\u00ad izing best practice by identifying effective models, strategies and techniques that can be applied in other contexts; innovative approaches to dealing with outstanding problems; or linking DDR to other processes such as local peace\u00adbuilding, access to justice, and so forth; \\n Evaluation results also enable practitioners and managers to refine and further develop their programme strategy. This is particularly useful when programmes are designed to be implemented in phases, which allows for the assessment and identification of problems and best practice at the end of each phase, which can then be fed into later phases; \\n Evaluations also contribute to discussions between policy makers and practitioners on the further development of international and regional policies on DDR, by providing them with information and analyses that influence the way key policy issues can be dealt with and decisions reached. Evaluations can provide invaluable support to the elaboration of future policy frameworks for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":428, "Sentence":"This is particularly useful when programmes are designed to be implemented in phases, which allows for the assessment and identification of problems and best practice at the end of each phase, which can then be fed into later phases; \\n Evaluations also contribute to discussions between policy makers and practitioners on the further development of international and regional policies on DDR, by providing them with information and analyses that influence the way key policy issues can be dealt with and decisions reached.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes particularly useful programme designed implemented phase allows assessment identification problem best practice end phase fed later phase n evaluation also contribute discussion policy maker practitioner development international regional policy ddr providing information analysis influence way key policy issue dealt decision reached ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.4. Use of evaluation results", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In general, the results and conclusions of evaluations should be used in several important and strategic ways: \\n A key function of evaluations is to enable practitioners and programme managers to identify, capture and disseminate lessons learned from programme implementation. This can have an immediate operational benefit, as these lessons can be \u2018fed back\u2019 to the programme implementation process, but it can also contribute to the body of lessons learned on DDR at regional and global levels; \\n Evaluations can also provide important mechanisms for identifying and institutional\u00ad izing best practice by identifying effective models, strategies and techniques that can be applied in other contexts; innovative approaches to dealing with outstanding problems; or linking DDR to other processes such as local peace\u00adbuilding, access to justice, and so forth; \\n Evaluation results also enable practitioners and managers to refine and further develop their programme strategy. This is particularly useful when programmes are designed to be implemented in phases, which allows for the assessment and identification of problems and best practice at the end of each phase, which can then be fed into later phases; \\n Evaluations also contribute to discussions between policy makers and practitioners on the further development of international and regional policies on DDR, by providing them with information and analyses that influence the way key policy issues can be dealt with and decisions reached. Evaluations can provide invaluable support to the elaboration of future policy frameworks for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":428, "Sentence":"Evaluations can provide invaluable support to the elaboration of future policy frameworks for DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes evaluation provide invaluable support elaboration future policy framework ddr ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.5. Planning evaluations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The complexity of DDR and the specific skills needed for in\u00addepth and comprehensive evaluations usually means that this activity should be carried out by specialized, contracted external actors or partners. Because an external team will be brought in, it is essential to draw up precise terms of reference for the carrying out of the evaluation, and to be clear about how the overall objective and coverage of issues will be defined\/expressed. An evaluation terms of reference document includes the following sections: \\n Introduction: Contains a brief description of the rationale and focus of the evaluation (outcome, programme, project, series of interventions by several partners, etc.); \\n Objectives: Describes the purpose of the evaluation, e.g., \u201cto analyse strategic program\u00ad matic and policy dimensions\u201d; \\n Scope: Defines which issues, subjects and areas the evaluation will cover, and the period of the programme\u2019s life it will examine; \\n Expected results: Defines what results the evaluation is expected to produce (e.g., findings, recommendations, lessons learned, rating on performance, an \u2018action item\u2019 list, etc.); \\n Methodology or approach: Defines how data is collected and analysed for the evaluation; \\n Evaluation team: Defines the composition of the staff involved and their areas of expertise; \\n Management arrangements: Defines how the evaluation will be managed and organized, and how interactions with the DDR programme management will be structured.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":429, "Sentence":"The complexity of DDR and the specific skills needed for in\u00addepth and comprehensive evaluations usually means that this activity should be carried out by specialized, contracted external actors or partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes complexity ddr specific skill needed in\u00addepth comprehensive evaluation usually mean activity carried specialized contracted external actor partner ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.5. Planning evaluations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The complexity of DDR and the specific skills needed for in\u00addepth and comprehensive evaluations usually means that this activity should be carried out by specialized, contracted external actors or partners. Because an external team will be brought in, it is essential to draw up precise terms of reference for the carrying out of the evaluation, and to be clear about how the overall objective and coverage of issues will be defined\/expressed. An evaluation terms of reference document includes the following sections: \\n Introduction: Contains a brief description of the rationale and focus of the evaluation (outcome, programme, project, series of interventions by several partners, etc.); \\n Objectives: Describes the purpose of the evaluation, e.g., \u201cto analyse strategic program\u00ad matic and policy dimensions\u201d; \\n Scope: Defines which issues, subjects and areas the evaluation will cover, and the period of the programme\u2019s life it will examine; \\n Expected results: Defines what results the evaluation is expected to produce (e.g., findings, recommendations, lessons learned, rating on performance, an \u2018action item\u2019 list, etc.); \\n Methodology or approach: Defines how data is collected and analysed for the evaluation; \\n Evaluation team: Defines the composition of the staff involved and their areas of expertise; \\n Management arrangements: Defines how the evaluation will be managed and organized, and how interactions with the DDR programme management will be structured.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":429, "Sentence":"Because an external team will be brought in, it is essential to draw up precise terms of reference for the carrying out of the evaluation, and to be clear about how the overall objective and coverage of issues will be defined\/expressed.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes external team brought essential draw precise term reference carrying evaluation clear overall objective coverage issue defined\/expressed ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.5. Planning evaluations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The complexity of DDR and the specific skills needed for in\u00addepth and comprehensive evaluations usually means that this activity should be carried out by specialized, contracted external actors or partners. Because an external team will be brought in, it is essential to draw up precise terms of reference for the carrying out of the evaluation, and to be clear about how the overall objective and coverage of issues will be defined\/expressed. An evaluation terms of reference document includes the following sections: \\n Introduction: Contains a brief description of the rationale and focus of the evaluation (outcome, programme, project, series of interventions by several partners, etc.); \\n Objectives: Describes the purpose of the evaluation, e.g., \u201cto analyse strategic program\u00ad matic and policy dimensions\u201d; \\n Scope: Defines which issues, subjects and areas the evaluation will cover, and the period of the programme\u2019s life it will examine; \\n Expected results: Defines what results the evaluation is expected to produce (e.g., findings, recommendations, lessons learned, rating on performance, an \u2018action item\u2019 list, etc.); \\n Methodology or approach: Defines how data is collected and analysed for the evaluation; \\n Evaluation team: Defines the composition of the staff involved and their areas of expertise; \\n Management arrangements: Defines how the evaluation will be managed and organized, and how interactions with the DDR programme management will be structured.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":429, "Sentence":"An evaluation terms of reference document includes the following sections: \\n Introduction: Contains a brief description of the rationale and focus of the evaluation (outcome, programme, project, series of interventions by several partners, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes evaluation term reference document includes following section n introduction contains brief description rationale focus evaluation outcome programme project series intervention several partner etc ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.5. Planning evaluations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The complexity of DDR and the specific skills needed for in\u00addepth and comprehensive evaluations usually means that this activity should be carried out by specialized, contracted external actors or partners. Because an external team will be brought in, it is essential to draw up precise terms of reference for the carrying out of the evaluation, and to be clear about how the overall objective and coverage of issues will be defined\/expressed. An evaluation terms of reference document includes the following sections: \\n Introduction: Contains a brief description of the rationale and focus of the evaluation (outcome, programme, project, series of interventions by several partners, etc.); \\n Objectives: Describes the purpose of the evaluation, e.g., \u201cto analyse strategic program\u00ad matic and policy dimensions\u201d; \\n Scope: Defines which issues, subjects and areas the evaluation will cover, and the period of the programme\u2019s life it will examine; \\n Expected results: Defines what results the evaluation is expected to produce (e.g., findings, recommendations, lessons learned, rating on performance, an \u2018action item\u2019 list, etc.); \\n Methodology or approach: Defines how data is collected and analysed for the evaluation; \\n Evaluation team: Defines the composition of the staff involved and their areas of expertise; \\n Management arrangements: Defines how the evaluation will be managed and organized, and how interactions with the DDR programme management will be structured.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":429, "Sentence":"); \\n Objectives: Describes the purpose of the evaluation, e.g., \u201cto analyse strategic program\u00ad matic and policy dimensions\u201d; \\n Scope: Defines which issues, subjects and areas the evaluation will cover, and the period of the programme\u2019s life it will examine; \\n Expected results: Defines what results the evaluation is expected to produce (e.g., findings, recommendations, lessons learned, rating on performance, an \u2018action item\u2019 list, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes n objective describes purpose evaluation e.g . \u201c analyse strategic program\u00ad matic policy dimension \u201d n scope defines issue subject area evaluation cover period programme \u2019 life examine n expected result defines result evaluation expected produce e.g . finding recommendation lesson learned rating performance \u2018 action item \u2019 list etc ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.5. Planning evaluations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The complexity of DDR and the specific skills needed for in\u00addepth and comprehensive evaluations usually means that this activity should be carried out by specialized, contracted external actors or partners. Because an external team will be brought in, it is essential to draw up precise terms of reference for the carrying out of the evaluation, and to be clear about how the overall objective and coverage of issues will be defined\/expressed. An evaluation terms of reference document includes the following sections: \\n Introduction: Contains a brief description of the rationale and focus of the evaluation (outcome, programme, project, series of interventions by several partners, etc.); \\n Objectives: Describes the purpose of the evaluation, e.g., \u201cto analyse strategic program\u00ad matic and policy dimensions\u201d; \\n Scope: Defines which issues, subjects and areas the evaluation will cover, and the period of the programme\u2019s life it will examine; \\n Expected results: Defines what results the evaluation is expected to produce (e.g., findings, recommendations, lessons learned, rating on performance, an \u2018action item\u2019 list, etc.); \\n Methodology or approach: Defines how data is collected and analysed for the evaluation; \\n Evaluation team: Defines the composition of the staff involved and their areas of expertise; \\n Management arrangements: Defines how the evaluation will be managed and organized, and how interactions with the DDR programme management will be structured.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":429, "Sentence":"); \\n Methodology or approach: Defines how data is collected and analysed for the evaluation; \\n Evaluation team: Defines the composition of the staff involved and their areas of expertise; \\n Management arrangements: Defines how the evaluation will be managed and organized, and how interactions with the DDR programme management will be structured.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes n methodology approach defines data collected analysed evaluation n evaluation team defines composition staff involved area expertise n management arrangement defines evaluation managed organized interaction ddr programme management structured ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n Evaluation is a management tool. It is a time\u00adbound activity that systematically and objectively assesses the relevance, performance and success of ongoing and completed programmes and projects. Evaluation is carried out selectively, asking and answering specific questions to guide decision makers and\/or programme managers. Evaluation determines the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability of a programme or project. \\n Monitoring is a management tool. It is the systematic oversight of the implementation of an activity that establishes whether input deliveries, work schedules, other required actions and targeted outputs have proceeded according to plan, so that timely action can be taken to correct deficiencies.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":430, "Sentence":"Terms and definitions \\n Evaluation is a management tool.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes term definition n evaluation management tool ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n Evaluation is a management tool. It is a time\u00adbound activity that systematically and objectively assesses the relevance, performance and success of ongoing and completed programmes and projects. Evaluation is carried out selectively, asking and answering specific questions to guide decision makers and\/or programme managers. Evaluation determines the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability of a programme or project. \\n Monitoring is a management tool. It is the systematic oversight of the implementation of an activity that establishes whether input deliveries, work schedules, other required actions and targeted outputs have proceeded according to plan, so that timely action can be taken to correct deficiencies.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":430, "Sentence":"It is a time\u00adbound activity that systematically and objectively assesses the relevance, performance and success of ongoing and completed programmes and projects.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes time\u00adbound activity systematically objectively ass relevance performance success ongoing completed programme project ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n Evaluation is a management tool. It is a time\u00adbound activity that systematically and objectively assesses the relevance, performance and success of ongoing and completed programmes and projects. Evaluation is carried out selectively, asking and answering specific questions to guide decision makers and\/or programme managers. Evaluation determines the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability of a programme or project. \\n Monitoring is a management tool. It is the systematic oversight of the implementation of an activity that establishes whether input deliveries, work schedules, other required actions and targeted outputs have proceeded according to plan, so that timely action can be taken to correct deficiencies.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":430, "Sentence":"Evaluation is carried out selectively, asking and answering specific questions to guide decision makers and\/or programme managers.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes evaluation carried selectively asking answering specific question guide decision maker and\/or programme manager ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n Evaluation is a management tool. It is a time\u00adbound activity that systematically and objectively assesses the relevance, performance and success of ongoing and completed programmes and projects. Evaluation is carried out selectively, asking and answering specific questions to guide decision makers and\/or programme managers. Evaluation determines the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability of a programme or project. \\n Monitoring is a management tool. It is the systematic oversight of the implementation of an activity that establishes whether input deliveries, work schedules, other required actions and targeted outputs have proceeded according to plan, so that timely action can be taken to correct deficiencies.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":430, "Sentence":"Evaluation determines the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability of a programme or project.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes evaluation determines relevance efficiency effectiveness impact sustainability programme project ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n Evaluation is a management tool. It is a time\u00adbound activity that systematically and objectively assesses the relevance, performance and success of ongoing and completed programmes and projects. Evaluation is carried out selectively, asking and answering specific questions to guide decision makers and\/or programme managers. Evaluation determines the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability of a programme or project. \\n Monitoring is a management tool. It is the systematic oversight of the implementation of an activity that establishes whether input deliveries, work schedules, other required actions and targeted outputs have proceeded according to plan, so that timely action can be taken to correct deficiencies.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":430, "Sentence":"\\n Monitoring is a management tool.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes n monitoring management tool ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n Evaluation is a management tool. It is a time\u00adbound activity that systematically and objectively assesses the relevance, performance and success of ongoing and completed programmes and projects. Evaluation is carried out selectively, asking and answering specific questions to guide decision makers and\/or programme managers. Evaluation determines the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability of a programme or project. \\n Monitoring is a management tool. It is the systematic oversight of the implementation of an activity that establishes whether input deliveries, work schedules, other required actions and targeted outputs have proceeded according to plan, so that timely action can be taken to correct deficiencies.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":430, "Sentence":"It is the systematic oversight of the implementation of an activity that establishes whether input deliveries, work schedules, other required actions and targeted outputs have proceeded according to plan, so that timely action can be taken to correct deficiencies.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes systematic oversight implementation activity establishes whether input delivery work schedule required action targeted output proceeded according plan timely action taken correct deficiency ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 The term \u2018ex\u00adcombatants\u2019 in each indicator include supporters and those associated with armed forces and groups. Indicators for reintegration also include dependants. \\n 2 Total number of corps: 11. \\n 3 No. of XCs who started the reintegration package (excluding those who are in temporary wage labour and those who chose not to participate). \\n 4 Number of XCs who started but did not finish the reintegration package. \\n 5 Includes deputy commanders and chief of staff of corps and divisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":431, "Sentence":"\\n 1 The term \u2018ex\u00adcombatants\u2019 in each indicator include supporters and those associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes n 1 term \u2018 ex\u00adcombatants \u2019 indicator include supporter associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 The term \u2018ex\u00adcombatants\u2019 in each indicator include supporters and those associated with armed forces and groups. Indicators for reintegration also include dependants. \\n 2 Total number of corps: 11. \\n 3 No. of XCs who started the reintegration package (excluding those who are in temporary wage labour and those who chose not to participate). \\n 4 Number of XCs who started but did not finish the reintegration package. \\n 5 Includes deputy commanders and chief of staff of corps and divisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":431, "Sentence":"Indicators for reintegration also include dependants.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes indicator reintegration also include dependant ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 The term \u2018ex\u00adcombatants\u2019 in each indicator include supporters and those associated with armed forces and groups. Indicators for reintegration also include dependants. \\n 2 Total number of corps: 11. \\n 3 No. of XCs who started the reintegration package (excluding those who are in temporary wage labour and those who chose not to participate). \\n 4 Number of XCs who started but did not finish the reintegration package. \\n 5 Includes deputy commanders and chief of staff of corps and divisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":431, "Sentence":"\\n 2 Total number of corps: 11.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes n 2 total number corp 11 ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 The term \u2018ex\u00adcombatants\u2019 in each indicator include supporters and those associated with armed forces and groups. Indicators for reintegration also include dependants. \\n 2 Total number of corps: 11. \\n 3 No. of XCs who started the reintegration package (excluding those who are in temporary wage labour and those who chose not to participate). \\n 4 Number of XCs who started but did not finish the reintegration package. \\n 5 Includes deputy commanders and chief of staff of corps and divisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":431, "Sentence":"\\n 3 No.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes n 3 ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 The term \u2018ex\u00adcombatants\u2019 in each indicator include supporters and those associated with armed forces and groups. Indicators for reintegration also include dependants. \\n 2 Total number of corps: 11. \\n 3 No. of XCs who started the reintegration package (excluding those who are in temporary wage labour and those who chose not to participate). \\n 4 Number of XCs who started but did not finish the reintegration package. \\n 5 Includes deputy commanders and chief of staff of corps and divisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":431, "Sentence":"of XCs who started the reintegration package (excluding those who are in temporary wage labour and those who chose not to participate).", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes xc started reintegration package excluding temporary wage labour chose participate ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 The term \u2018ex\u00adcombatants\u2019 in each indicator include supporters and those associated with armed forces and groups. Indicators for reintegration also include dependants. \\n 2 Total number of corps: 11. \\n 3 No. of XCs who started the reintegration package (excluding those who are in temporary wage labour and those who chose not to participate). \\n 4 Number of XCs who started but did not finish the reintegration package. \\n 5 Includes deputy commanders and chief of staff of corps and divisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":431, "Sentence":"\\n 4 Number of XCs who started but did not finish the reintegration package.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes n 4 number xc started finish reintegration package ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.50-Monitoring-and-Evaluation-of-DDR-Programmes", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 The term \u2018ex\u00adcombatants\u2019 in each indicator include supporters and those associated with armed forces and groups. Indicators for reintegration also include dependants. \\n 2 Total number of corps: 11. \\n 3 No. of XCs who started the reintegration package (excluding those who are in temporary wage labour and those who chose not to participate). \\n 4 Number of XCs who started but did not finish the reintegration package. \\n 5 Includes deputy commanders and chief of staff of corps and divisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":431, "Sentence":"\\n 5 Includes deputy commanders and chief of staff of corps and divisions.", "ProcessedSent":"Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes n 5 includes deputy commander chief staff corp division ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The system of funding of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) pro- gramme varies according to the different involvement of international actors. When the World Bank (with its Multi-Donor Trustfund) plays a leading role in supporting a national DDR programme, funding is normally provided for all demobilization and reintegration activities, while additional World Bank International Development Association (IDA) loans are also provided. In these instances, funding comes from a single source and is largely guaranteed.In instances where the United Nations (UN) takes the lead, several sources of funding may be brought together to support a national DDR programme. Funds may include con- tributions from the peacekeeping assessed budget; core funding from the budgets of UN agencies, funds and programmes; voluntary contributions from donors to a UN-managed trust fund; bilateral support from a Member State to the national programme; and contribu- tions from the World Bank.In a peacekeeping context, funding may come from some or all of the above funding sources. In this situation, a good understanding of the policies and procedures governing the employment and management of financial support from these different sources is vital to the success of the DDR programme.Since several international actors are involved, it is important to be aware of important DDR funding requirements, resource mobilization options, funding mechanisms and finan- cial management structures for DDR programming. Within DDR funding requirements, for example, creating an integrated DDR plan, investing heavily in the reintegration phase and increasing accountability by using the results-based budgeting (RBB) process can contribute to the success and long-term sustainability of a DDR programme.When budgeting for DDR programmes, being aware of the various funding sources available is especially helpful. The peacekeeping assessed budget process, which covers military, personnel and operational costs, is vital to DDR programming within the UN peace- keeping context. Both in and outside the UN system, rapid response funds are available. External sources of funding include voluntary donor contributions, the World Bank Post- Conflict Fund, the Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP), government grants and agency in-kind contributions.Once funds have been committed to DDR programmes, there are different funding mechanisms that can be used and various financial management structures for DDR pro- grammes that can be created. Suitable to an integrated DDR plan is the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP), which is the normal UN inter-agency planning, coordination and resource mobilization mechanism for the response to a crisis. Transitional appeals, Post-Conflict Needs Assessments (PCNAs) and international donors\u2019 conferences usually involve govern- ments and are applicable to the conflict phase. In the case of RBB, programme budgeting that is defined by clear objectives, indicators of achievement, outputs and influence of external factors helps to make funds more sustainable. Effective financial management structures for DDR programmes are based on a coherent system for ensuring flexible and sustainable financing for DDR activities. Such a coherent structure is guided by, among other factors, a coordinated arrangement for the funding of DDR activities and an agreed framework for joint DDR coordination, monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":432, "Sentence":"The system of funding of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) pro- gramme varies according to the different involvement of international actors.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting system funding disarmament demobilization reintegration ddr pro gramme varies according different involvement international actor ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The system of funding of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) pro- gramme varies according to the different involvement of international actors. When the World Bank (with its Multi-Donor Trustfund) plays a leading role in supporting a national DDR programme, funding is normally provided for all demobilization and reintegration activities, while additional World Bank International Development Association (IDA) loans are also provided. In these instances, funding comes from a single source and is largely guaranteed.In instances where the United Nations (UN) takes the lead, several sources of funding may be brought together to support a national DDR programme. Funds may include con- tributions from the peacekeeping assessed budget; core funding from the budgets of UN agencies, funds and programmes; voluntary contributions from donors to a UN-managed trust fund; bilateral support from a Member State to the national programme; and contribu- tions from the World Bank.In a peacekeeping context, funding may come from some or all of the above funding sources. In this situation, a good understanding of the policies and procedures governing the employment and management of financial support from these different sources is vital to the success of the DDR programme.Since several international actors are involved, it is important to be aware of important DDR funding requirements, resource mobilization options, funding mechanisms and finan- cial management structures for DDR programming. Within DDR funding requirements, for example, creating an integrated DDR plan, investing heavily in the reintegration phase and increasing accountability by using the results-based budgeting (RBB) process can contribute to the success and long-term sustainability of a DDR programme.When budgeting for DDR programmes, being aware of the various funding sources available is especially helpful. The peacekeeping assessed budget process, which covers military, personnel and operational costs, is vital to DDR programming within the UN peace- keeping context. Both in and outside the UN system, rapid response funds are available. External sources of funding include voluntary donor contributions, the World Bank Post- Conflict Fund, the Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP), government grants and agency in-kind contributions.Once funds have been committed to DDR programmes, there are different funding mechanisms that can be used and various financial management structures for DDR pro- grammes that can be created. Suitable to an integrated DDR plan is the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP), which is the normal UN inter-agency planning, coordination and resource mobilization mechanism for the response to a crisis. Transitional appeals, Post-Conflict Needs Assessments (PCNAs) and international donors\u2019 conferences usually involve govern- ments and are applicable to the conflict phase. In the case of RBB, programme budgeting that is defined by clear objectives, indicators of achievement, outputs and influence of external factors helps to make funds more sustainable. Effective financial management structures for DDR programmes are based on a coherent system for ensuring flexible and sustainable financing for DDR activities. Such a coherent structure is guided by, among other factors, a coordinated arrangement for the funding of DDR activities and an agreed framework for joint DDR coordination, monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":432, "Sentence":"When the World Bank (with its Multi-Donor Trustfund) plays a leading role in supporting a national DDR programme, funding is normally provided for all demobilization and reintegration activities, while additional World Bank International Development Association (IDA) loans are also provided.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting world bank multidonor trustfund play leading role supporting national ddr programme funding normally provided demobilization reintegration activity additional world bank international development association ida loan also provided ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The system of funding of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) pro- gramme varies according to the different involvement of international actors. When the World Bank (with its Multi-Donor Trustfund) plays a leading role in supporting a national DDR programme, funding is normally provided for all demobilization and reintegration activities, while additional World Bank International Development Association (IDA) loans are also provided. In these instances, funding comes from a single source and is largely guaranteed.In instances where the United Nations (UN) takes the lead, several sources of funding may be brought together to support a national DDR programme. Funds may include con- tributions from the peacekeeping assessed budget; core funding from the budgets of UN agencies, funds and programmes; voluntary contributions from donors to a UN-managed trust fund; bilateral support from a Member State to the national programme; and contribu- tions from the World Bank.In a peacekeeping context, funding may come from some or all of the above funding sources. In this situation, a good understanding of the policies and procedures governing the employment and management of financial support from these different sources is vital to the success of the DDR programme.Since several international actors are involved, it is important to be aware of important DDR funding requirements, resource mobilization options, funding mechanisms and finan- cial management structures for DDR programming. Within DDR funding requirements, for example, creating an integrated DDR plan, investing heavily in the reintegration phase and increasing accountability by using the results-based budgeting (RBB) process can contribute to the success and long-term sustainability of a DDR programme.When budgeting for DDR programmes, being aware of the various funding sources available is especially helpful. The peacekeeping assessed budget process, which covers military, personnel and operational costs, is vital to DDR programming within the UN peace- keeping context. Both in and outside the UN system, rapid response funds are available. External sources of funding include voluntary donor contributions, the World Bank Post- Conflict Fund, the Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP), government grants and agency in-kind contributions.Once funds have been committed to DDR programmes, there are different funding mechanisms that can be used and various financial management structures for DDR pro- grammes that can be created. Suitable to an integrated DDR plan is the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP), which is the normal UN inter-agency planning, coordination and resource mobilization mechanism for the response to a crisis. Transitional appeals, Post-Conflict Needs Assessments (PCNAs) and international donors\u2019 conferences usually involve govern- ments and are applicable to the conflict phase. In the case of RBB, programme budgeting that is defined by clear objectives, indicators of achievement, outputs and influence of external factors helps to make funds more sustainable. Effective financial management structures for DDR programmes are based on a coherent system for ensuring flexible and sustainable financing for DDR activities. Such a coherent structure is guided by, among other factors, a coordinated arrangement for the funding of DDR activities and an agreed framework for joint DDR coordination, monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":432, "Sentence":"In these instances, funding comes from a single source and is largely guaranteed.In instances where the United Nations (UN) takes the lead, several sources of funding may be brought together to support a national DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting instance funding come single source largely guaranteed.in instance united nation un take lead several source funding may brought together support national ddr programme ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The system of funding of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) pro- gramme varies according to the different involvement of international actors. When the World Bank (with its Multi-Donor Trustfund) plays a leading role in supporting a national DDR programme, funding is normally provided for all demobilization and reintegration activities, while additional World Bank International Development Association (IDA) loans are also provided. In these instances, funding comes from a single source and is largely guaranteed.In instances where the United Nations (UN) takes the lead, several sources of funding may be brought together to support a national DDR programme. Funds may include con- tributions from the peacekeeping assessed budget; core funding from the budgets of UN agencies, funds and programmes; voluntary contributions from donors to a UN-managed trust fund; bilateral support from a Member State to the national programme; and contribu- tions from the World Bank.In a peacekeeping context, funding may come from some or all of the above funding sources. In this situation, a good understanding of the policies and procedures governing the employment and management of financial support from these different sources is vital to the success of the DDR programme.Since several international actors are involved, it is important to be aware of important DDR funding requirements, resource mobilization options, funding mechanisms and finan- cial management structures for DDR programming. Within DDR funding requirements, for example, creating an integrated DDR plan, investing heavily in the reintegration phase and increasing accountability by using the results-based budgeting (RBB) process can contribute to the success and long-term sustainability of a DDR programme.When budgeting for DDR programmes, being aware of the various funding sources available is especially helpful. The peacekeeping assessed budget process, which covers military, personnel and operational costs, is vital to DDR programming within the UN peace- keeping context. Both in and outside the UN system, rapid response funds are available. External sources of funding include voluntary donor contributions, the World Bank Post- Conflict Fund, the Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP), government grants and agency in-kind contributions.Once funds have been committed to DDR programmes, there are different funding mechanisms that can be used and various financial management structures for DDR pro- grammes that can be created. Suitable to an integrated DDR plan is the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP), which is the normal UN inter-agency planning, coordination and resource mobilization mechanism for the response to a crisis. Transitional appeals, Post-Conflict Needs Assessments (PCNAs) and international donors\u2019 conferences usually involve govern- ments and are applicable to the conflict phase. In the case of RBB, programme budgeting that is defined by clear objectives, indicators of achievement, outputs and influence of external factors helps to make funds more sustainable. Effective financial management structures for DDR programmes are based on a coherent system for ensuring flexible and sustainable financing for DDR activities. Such a coherent structure is guided by, among other factors, a coordinated arrangement for the funding of DDR activities and an agreed framework for joint DDR coordination, monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":432, "Sentence":"Funds may include con- tributions from the peacekeeping assessed budget; core funding from the budgets of UN agencies, funds and programmes; voluntary contributions from donors to a UN-managed trust fund; bilateral support from a Member State to the national programme; and contribu- tions from the World Bank.In a peacekeeping context, funding may come from some or all of the above funding sources.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting fund may include con tributions peacekeeping assessed budget core funding budget un agency fund programme voluntary contribution donor unmanaged trust fund bilateral support member state national programme contribu tions world bank.in peacekeeping context funding may come funding source ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The system of funding of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) pro- gramme varies according to the different involvement of international actors. When the World Bank (with its Multi-Donor Trustfund) plays a leading role in supporting a national DDR programme, funding is normally provided for all demobilization and reintegration activities, while additional World Bank International Development Association (IDA) loans are also provided. In these instances, funding comes from a single source and is largely guaranteed.In instances where the United Nations (UN) takes the lead, several sources of funding may be brought together to support a national DDR programme. Funds may include con- tributions from the peacekeeping assessed budget; core funding from the budgets of UN agencies, funds and programmes; voluntary contributions from donors to a UN-managed trust fund; bilateral support from a Member State to the national programme; and contribu- tions from the World Bank.In a peacekeeping context, funding may come from some or all of the above funding sources. In this situation, a good understanding of the policies and procedures governing the employment and management of financial support from these different sources is vital to the success of the DDR programme.Since several international actors are involved, it is important to be aware of important DDR funding requirements, resource mobilization options, funding mechanisms and finan- cial management structures for DDR programming. Within DDR funding requirements, for example, creating an integrated DDR plan, investing heavily in the reintegration phase and increasing accountability by using the results-based budgeting (RBB) process can contribute to the success and long-term sustainability of a DDR programme.When budgeting for DDR programmes, being aware of the various funding sources available is especially helpful. The peacekeeping assessed budget process, which covers military, personnel and operational costs, is vital to DDR programming within the UN peace- keeping context. Both in and outside the UN system, rapid response funds are available. External sources of funding include voluntary donor contributions, the World Bank Post- Conflict Fund, the Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP), government grants and agency in-kind contributions.Once funds have been committed to DDR programmes, there are different funding mechanisms that can be used and various financial management structures for DDR pro- grammes that can be created. Suitable to an integrated DDR plan is the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP), which is the normal UN inter-agency planning, coordination and resource mobilization mechanism for the response to a crisis. Transitional appeals, Post-Conflict Needs Assessments (PCNAs) and international donors\u2019 conferences usually involve govern- ments and are applicable to the conflict phase. In the case of RBB, programme budgeting that is defined by clear objectives, indicators of achievement, outputs and influence of external factors helps to make funds more sustainable. Effective financial management structures for DDR programmes are based on a coherent system for ensuring flexible and sustainable financing for DDR activities. Such a coherent structure is guided by, among other factors, a coordinated arrangement for the funding of DDR activities and an agreed framework for joint DDR coordination, monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":432, "Sentence":"In this situation, a good understanding of the policies and procedures governing the employment and management of financial support from these different sources is vital to the success of the DDR programme.Since several international actors are involved, it is important to be aware of important DDR funding requirements, resource mobilization options, funding mechanisms and finan- cial management structures for DDR programming.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting situation good understanding policy procedure governing employment management financial support different source vital success ddr programme.since several international actor involved important aware important ddr funding requirement resource mobilization option funding mechanism finan cial management structure ddr programming ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The system of funding of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) pro- gramme varies according to the different involvement of international actors. When the World Bank (with its Multi-Donor Trustfund) plays a leading role in supporting a national DDR programme, funding is normally provided for all demobilization and reintegration activities, while additional World Bank International Development Association (IDA) loans are also provided. In these instances, funding comes from a single source and is largely guaranteed.In instances where the United Nations (UN) takes the lead, several sources of funding may be brought together to support a national DDR programme. Funds may include con- tributions from the peacekeeping assessed budget; core funding from the budgets of UN agencies, funds and programmes; voluntary contributions from donors to a UN-managed trust fund; bilateral support from a Member State to the national programme; and contribu- tions from the World Bank.In a peacekeeping context, funding may come from some or all of the above funding sources. In this situation, a good understanding of the policies and procedures governing the employment and management of financial support from these different sources is vital to the success of the DDR programme.Since several international actors are involved, it is important to be aware of important DDR funding requirements, resource mobilization options, funding mechanisms and finan- cial management structures for DDR programming. Within DDR funding requirements, for example, creating an integrated DDR plan, investing heavily in the reintegration phase and increasing accountability by using the results-based budgeting (RBB) process can contribute to the success and long-term sustainability of a DDR programme.When budgeting for DDR programmes, being aware of the various funding sources available is especially helpful. The peacekeeping assessed budget process, which covers military, personnel and operational costs, is vital to DDR programming within the UN peace- keeping context. Both in and outside the UN system, rapid response funds are available. External sources of funding include voluntary donor contributions, the World Bank Post- Conflict Fund, the Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP), government grants and agency in-kind contributions.Once funds have been committed to DDR programmes, there are different funding mechanisms that can be used and various financial management structures for DDR pro- grammes that can be created. Suitable to an integrated DDR plan is the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP), which is the normal UN inter-agency planning, coordination and resource mobilization mechanism for the response to a crisis. Transitional appeals, Post-Conflict Needs Assessments (PCNAs) and international donors\u2019 conferences usually involve govern- ments and are applicable to the conflict phase. In the case of RBB, programme budgeting that is defined by clear objectives, indicators of achievement, outputs and influence of external factors helps to make funds more sustainable. Effective financial management structures for DDR programmes are based on a coherent system for ensuring flexible and sustainable financing for DDR activities. Such a coherent structure is guided by, among other factors, a coordinated arrangement for the funding of DDR activities and an agreed framework for joint DDR coordination, monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":432, "Sentence":"Within DDR funding requirements, for example, creating an integrated DDR plan, investing heavily in the reintegration phase and increasing accountability by using the results-based budgeting (RBB) process can contribute to the success and long-term sustainability of a DDR programme.When budgeting for DDR programmes, being aware of the various funding sources available is especially helpful.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting within ddr funding requirement example creating integrated ddr plan investing heavily reintegration phase increasing accountability using resultsbased budgeting rbb process contribute success longterm sustainability ddr programme.when budgeting ddr programme aware various funding source available especially helpful ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The system of funding of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) pro- gramme varies according to the different involvement of international actors. When the World Bank (with its Multi-Donor Trustfund) plays a leading role in supporting a national DDR programme, funding is normally provided for all demobilization and reintegration activities, while additional World Bank International Development Association (IDA) loans are also provided. In these instances, funding comes from a single source and is largely guaranteed.In instances where the United Nations (UN) takes the lead, several sources of funding may be brought together to support a national DDR programme. Funds may include con- tributions from the peacekeeping assessed budget; core funding from the budgets of UN agencies, funds and programmes; voluntary contributions from donors to a UN-managed trust fund; bilateral support from a Member State to the national programme; and contribu- tions from the World Bank.In a peacekeeping context, funding may come from some or all of the above funding sources. In this situation, a good understanding of the policies and procedures governing the employment and management of financial support from these different sources is vital to the success of the DDR programme.Since several international actors are involved, it is important to be aware of important DDR funding requirements, resource mobilization options, funding mechanisms and finan- cial management structures for DDR programming. Within DDR funding requirements, for example, creating an integrated DDR plan, investing heavily in the reintegration phase and increasing accountability by using the results-based budgeting (RBB) process can contribute to the success and long-term sustainability of a DDR programme.When budgeting for DDR programmes, being aware of the various funding sources available is especially helpful. The peacekeeping assessed budget process, which covers military, personnel and operational costs, is vital to DDR programming within the UN peace- keeping context. Both in and outside the UN system, rapid response funds are available. External sources of funding include voluntary donor contributions, the World Bank Post- Conflict Fund, the Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP), government grants and agency in-kind contributions.Once funds have been committed to DDR programmes, there are different funding mechanisms that can be used and various financial management structures for DDR pro- grammes that can be created. Suitable to an integrated DDR plan is the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP), which is the normal UN inter-agency planning, coordination and resource mobilization mechanism for the response to a crisis. Transitional appeals, Post-Conflict Needs Assessments (PCNAs) and international donors\u2019 conferences usually involve govern- ments and are applicable to the conflict phase. In the case of RBB, programme budgeting that is defined by clear objectives, indicators of achievement, outputs and influence of external factors helps to make funds more sustainable. Effective financial management structures for DDR programmes are based on a coherent system for ensuring flexible and sustainable financing for DDR activities. Such a coherent structure is guided by, among other factors, a coordinated arrangement for the funding of DDR activities and an agreed framework for joint DDR coordination, monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":432, "Sentence":"The peacekeeping assessed budget process, which covers military, personnel and operational costs, is vital to DDR programming within the UN peace- keeping context.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting peacekeeping assessed budget process cover military personnel operational cost vital ddr programming within un peace keeping context ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The system of funding of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) pro- gramme varies according to the different involvement of international actors. When the World Bank (with its Multi-Donor Trustfund) plays a leading role in supporting a national DDR programme, funding is normally provided for all demobilization and reintegration activities, while additional World Bank International Development Association (IDA) loans are also provided. In these instances, funding comes from a single source and is largely guaranteed.In instances where the United Nations (UN) takes the lead, several sources of funding may be brought together to support a national DDR programme. Funds may include con- tributions from the peacekeeping assessed budget; core funding from the budgets of UN agencies, funds and programmes; voluntary contributions from donors to a UN-managed trust fund; bilateral support from a Member State to the national programme; and contribu- tions from the World Bank.In a peacekeeping context, funding may come from some or all of the above funding sources. In this situation, a good understanding of the policies and procedures governing the employment and management of financial support from these different sources is vital to the success of the DDR programme.Since several international actors are involved, it is important to be aware of important DDR funding requirements, resource mobilization options, funding mechanisms and finan- cial management structures for DDR programming. Within DDR funding requirements, for example, creating an integrated DDR plan, investing heavily in the reintegration phase and increasing accountability by using the results-based budgeting (RBB) process can contribute to the success and long-term sustainability of a DDR programme.When budgeting for DDR programmes, being aware of the various funding sources available is especially helpful. The peacekeeping assessed budget process, which covers military, personnel and operational costs, is vital to DDR programming within the UN peace- keeping context. Both in and outside the UN system, rapid response funds are available. External sources of funding include voluntary donor contributions, the World Bank Post- Conflict Fund, the Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP), government grants and agency in-kind contributions.Once funds have been committed to DDR programmes, there are different funding mechanisms that can be used and various financial management structures for DDR pro- grammes that can be created. Suitable to an integrated DDR plan is the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP), which is the normal UN inter-agency planning, coordination and resource mobilization mechanism for the response to a crisis. Transitional appeals, Post-Conflict Needs Assessments (PCNAs) and international donors\u2019 conferences usually involve govern- ments and are applicable to the conflict phase. In the case of RBB, programme budgeting that is defined by clear objectives, indicators of achievement, outputs and influence of external factors helps to make funds more sustainable. Effective financial management structures for DDR programmes are based on a coherent system for ensuring flexible and sustainable financing for DDR activities. Such a coherent structure is guided by, among other factors, a coordinated arrangement for the funding of DDR activities and an agreed framework for joint DDR coordination, monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":432, "Sentence":"Both in and outside the UN system, rapid response funds are available.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting outside un system rapid response fund available ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The system of funding of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) pro- gramme varies according to the different involvement of international actors. When the World Bank (with its Multi-Donor Trustfund) plays a leading role in supporting a national DDR programme, funding is normally provided for all demobilization and reintegration activities, while additional World Bank International Development Association (IDA) loans are also provided. In these instances, funding comes from a single source and is largely guaranteed.In instances where the United Nations (UN) takes the lead, several sources of funding may be brought together to support a national DDR programme. Funds may include con- tributions from the peacekeeping assessed budget; core funding from the budgets of UN agencies, funds and programmes; voluntary contributions from donors to a UN-managed trust fund; bilateral support from a Member State to the national programme; and contribu- tions from the World Bank.In a peacekeeping context, funding may come from some or all of the above funding sources. In this situation, a good understanding of the policies and procedures governing the employment and management of financial support from these different sources is vital to the success of the DDR programme.Since several international actors are involved, it is important to be aware of important DDR funding requirements, resource mobilization options, funding mechanisms and finan- cial management structures for DDR programming. Within DDR funding requirements, for example, creating an integrated DDR plan, investing heavily in the reintegration phase and increasing accountability by using the results-based budgeting (RBB) process can contribute to the success and long-term sustainability of a DDR programme.When budgeting for DDR programmes, being aware of the various funding sources available is especially helpful. The peacekeeping assessed budget process, which covers military, personnel and operational costs, is vital to DDR programming within the UN peace- keeping context. Both in and outside the UN system, rapid response funds are available. External sources of funding include voluntary donor contributions, the World Bank Post- Conflict Fund, the Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP), government grants and agency in-kind contributions.Once funds have been committed to DDR programmes, there are different funding mechanisms that can be used and various financial management structures for DDR pro- grammes that can be created. Suitable to an integrated DDR plan is the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP), which is the normal UN inter-agency planning, coordination and resource mobilization mechanism for the response to a crisis. Transitional appeals, Post-Conflict Needs Assessments (PCNAs) and international donors\u2019 conferences usually involve govern- ments and are applicable to the conflict phase. In the case of RBB, programme budgeting that is defined by clear objectives, indicators of achievement, outputs and influence of external factors helps to make funds more sustainable. Effective financial management structures for DDR programmes are based on a coherent system for ensuring flexible and sustainable financing for DDR activities. Such a coherent structure is guided by, among other factors, a coordinated arrangement for the funding of DDR activities and an agreed framework for joint DDR coordination, monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":432, "Sentence":"External sources of funding include voluntary donor contributions, the World Bank Post- Conflict Fund, the Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP), government grants and agency in-kind contributions.Once funds have been committed to DDR programmes, there are different funding mechanisms that can be used and various financial management structures for DDR pro- grammes that can be created.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting external source funding include voluntary donor contribution world bank post conflict fund multicountry demobilization reintegration programme mdrp government grant agency inkind contributions.once fund committed ddr programme different funding mechanism used various financial management structure ddr pro gramme created ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The system of funding of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) pro- gramme varies according to the different involvement of international actors. When the World Bank (with its Multi-Donor Trustfund) plays a leading role in supporting a national DDR programme, funding is normally provided for all demobilization and reintegration activities, while additional World Bank International Development Association (IDA) loans are also provided. In these instances, funding comes from a single source and is largely guaranteed.In instances where the United Nations (UN) takes the lead, several sources of funding may be brought together to support a national DDR programme. Funds may include con- tributions from the peacekeeping assessed budget; core funding from the budgets of UN agencies, funds and programmes; voluntary contributions from donors to a UN-managed trust fund; bilateral support from a Member State to the national programme; and contribu- tions from the World Bank.In a peacekeeping context, funding may come from some or all of the above funding sources. In this situation, a good understanding of the policies and procedures governing the employment and management of financial support from these different sources is vital to the success of the DDR programme.Since several international actors are involved, it is important to be aware of important DDR funding requirements, resource mobilization options, funding mechanisms and finan- cial management structures for DDR programming. Within DDR funding requirements, for example, creating an integrated DDR plan, investing heavily in the reintegration phase and increasing accountability by using the results-based budgeting (RBB) process can contribute to the success and long-term sustainability of a DDR programme.When budgeting for DDR programmes, being aware of the various funding sources available is especially helpful. The peacekeeping assessed budget process, which covers military, personnel and operational costs, is vital to DDR programming within the UN peace- keeping context. Both in and outside the UN system, rapid response funds are available. External sources of funding include voluntary donor contributions, the World Bank Post- Conflict Fund, the Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP), government grants and agency in-kind contributions.Once funds have been committed to DDR programmes, there are different funding mechanisms that can be used and various financial management structures for DDR pro- grammes that can be created. Suitable to an integrated DDR plan is the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP), which is the normal UN inter-agency planning, coordination and resource mobilization mechanism for the response to a crisis. Transitional appeals, Post-Conflict Needs Assessments (PCNAs) and international donors\u2019 conferences usually involve govern- ments and are applicable to the conflict phase. In the case of RBB, programme budgeting that is defined by clear objectives, indicators of achievement, outputs and influence of external factors helps to make funds more sustainable. Effective financial management structures for DDR programmes are based on a coherent system for ensuring flexible and sustainable financing for DDR activities. Such a coherent structure is guided by, among other factors, a coordinated arrangement for the funding of DDR activities and an agreed framework for joint DDR coordination, monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":432, "Sentence":"Suitable to an integrated DDR plan is the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP), which is the normal UN inter-agency planning, coordination and resource mobilization mechanism for the response to a crisis.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting suitable integrated ddr plan consolidated appeal process cap normal un interagency planning coordination resource mobilization mechanism response crisis ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The system of funding of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) pro- gramme varies according to the different involvement of international actors. When the World Bank (with its Multi-Donor Trustfund) plays a leading role in supporting a national DDR programme, funding is normally provided for all demobilization and reintegration activities, while additional World Bank International Development Association (IDA) loans are also provided. In these instances, funding comes from a single source and is largely guaranteed.In instances where the United Nations (UN) takes the lead, several sources of funding may be brought together to support a national DDR programme. Funds may include con- tributions from the peacekeeping assessed budget; core funding from the budgets of UN agencies, funds and programmes; voluntary contributions from donors to a UN-managed trust fund; bilateral support from a Member State to the national programme; and contribu- tions from the World Bank.In a peacekeeping context, funding may come from some or all of the above funding sources. In this situation, a good understanding of the policies and procedures governing the employment and management of financial support from these different sources is vital to the success of the DDR programme.Since several international actors are involved, it is important to be aware of important DDR funding requirements, resource mobilization options, funding mechanisms and finan- cial management structures for DDR programming. Within DDR funding requirements, for example, creating an integrated DDR plan, investing heavily in the reintegration phase and increasing accountability by using the results-based budgeting (RBB) process can contribute to the success and long-term sustainability of a DDR programme.When budgeting for DDR programmes, being aware of the various funding sources available is especially helpful. The peacekeeping assessed budget process, which covers military, personnel and operational costs, is vital to DDR programming within the UN peace- keeping context. Both in and outside the UN system, rapid response funds are available. External sources of funding include voluntary donor contributions, the World Bank Post- Conflict Fund, the Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP), government grants and agency in-kind contributions.Once funds have been committed to DDR programmes, there are different funding mechanisms that can be used and various financial management structures for DDR pro- grammes that can be created. Suitable to an integrated DDR plan is the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP), which is the normal UN inter-agency planning, coordination and resource mobilization mechanism for the response to a crisis. Transitional appeals, Post-Conflict Needs Assessments (PCNAs) and international donors\u2019 conferences usually involve govern- ments and are applicable to the conflict phase. In the case of RBB, programme budgeting that is defined by clear objectives, indicators of achievement, outputs and influence of external factors helps to make funds more sustainable. Effective financial management structures for DDR programmes are based on a coherent system for ensuring flexible and sustainable financing for DDR activities. Such a coherent structure is guided by, among other factors, a coordinated arrangement for the funding of DDR activities and an agreed framework for joint DDR coordination, monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":432, "Sentence":"Transitional appeals, Post-Conflict Needs Assessments (PCNAs) and international donors\u2019 conferences usually involve govern- ments and are applicable to the conflict phase.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting transitional appeal postconflict need assessment pcnas international donor \u2019 conference usually involve govern ments applicable conflict phase ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The system of funding of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) pro- gramme varies according to the different involvement of international actors. When the World Bank (with its Multi-Donor Trustfund) plays a leading role in supporting a national DDR programme, funding is normally provided for all demobilization and reintegration activities, while additional World Bank International Development Association (IDA) loans are also provided. In these instances, funding comes from a single source and is largely guaranteed.In instances where the United Nations (UN) takes the lead, several sources of funding may be brought together to support a national DDR programme. Funds may include con- tributions from the peacekeeping assessed budget; core funding from the budgets of UN agencies, funds and programmes; voluntary contributions from donors to a UN-managed trust fund; bilateral support from a Member State to the national programme; and contribu- tions from the World Bank.In a peacekeeping context, funding may come from some or all of the above funding sources. In this situation, a good understanding of the policies and procedures governing the employment and management of financial support from these different sources is vital to the success of the DDR programme.Since several international actors are involved, it is important to be aware of important DDR funding requirements, resource mobilization options, funding mechanisms and finan- cial management structures for DDR programming. Within DDR funding requirements, for example, creating an integrated DDR plan, investing heavily in the reintegration phase and increasing accountability by using the results-based budgeting (RBB) process can contribute to the success and long-term sustainability of a DDR programme.When budgeting for DDR programmes, being aware of the various funding sources available is especially helpful. The peacekeeping assessed budget process, which covers military, personnel and operational costs, is vital to DDR programming within the UN peace- keeping context. Both in and outside the UN system, rapid response funds are available. External sources of funding include voluntary donor contributions, the World Bank Post- Conflict Fund, the Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP), government grants and agency in-kind contributions.Once funds have been committed to DDR programmes, there are different funding mechanisms that can be used and various financial management structures for DDR pro- grammes that can be created. Suitable to an integrated DDR plan is the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP), which is the normal UN inter-agency planning, coordination and resource mobilization mechanism for the response to a crisis. Transitional appeals, Post-Conflict Needs Assessments (PCNAs) and international donors\u2019 conferences usually involve govern- ments and are applicable to the conflict phase. In the case of RBB, programme budgeting that is defined by clear objectives, indicators of achievement, outputs and influence of external factors helps to make funds more sustainable. Effective financial management structures for DDR programmes are based on a coherent system for ensuring flexible and sustainable financing for DDR activities. Such a coherent structure is guided by, among other factors, a coordinated arrangement for the funding of DDR activities and an agreed framework for joint DDR coordination, monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":432, "Sentence":"In the case of RBB, programme budgeting that is defined by clear objectives, indicators of achievement, outputs and influence of external factors helps to make funds more sustainable.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting case rbb programme budgeting defined clear objective indicator achievement output influence external factor help make fund sustainable ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The system of funding of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) pro- gramme varies according to the different involvement of international actors. When the World Bank (with its Multi-Donor Trustfund) plays a leading role in supporting a national DDR programme, funding is normally provided for all demobilization and reintegration activities, while additional World Bank International Development Association (IDA) loans are also provided. In these instances, funding comes from a single source and is largely guaranteed.In instances where the United Nations (UN) takes the lead, several sources of funding may be brought together to support a national DDR programme. Funds may include con- tributions from the peacekeeping assessed budget; core funding from the budgets of UN agencies, funds and programmes; voluntary contributions from donors to a UN-managed trust fund; bilateral support from a Member State to the national programme; and contribu- tions from the World Bank.In a peacekeeping context, funding may come from some or all of the above funding sources. In this situation, a good understanding of the policies and procedures governing the employment and management of financial support from these different sources is vital to the success of the DDR programme.Since several international actors are involved, it is important to be aware of important DDR funding requirements, resource mobilization options, funding mechanisms and finan- cial management structures for DDR programming. Within DDR funding requirements, for example, creating an integrated DDR plan, investing heavily in the reintegration phase and increasing accountability by using the results-based budgeting (RBB) process can contribute to the success and long-term sustainability of a DDR programme.When budgeting for DDR programmes, being aware of the various funding sources available is especially helpful. The peacekeeping assessed budget process, which covers military, personnel and operational costs, is vital to DDR programming within the UN peace- keeping context. Both in and outside the UN system, rapid response funds are available. External sources of funding include voluntary donor contributions, the World Bank Post- Conflict Fund, the Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP), government grants and agency in-kind contributions.Once funds have been committed to DDR programmes, there are different funding mechanisms that can be used and various financial management structures for DDR pro- grammes that can be created. Suitable to an integrated DDR plan is the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP), which is the normal UN inter-agency planning, coordination and resource mobilization mechanism for the response to a crisis. Transitional appeals, Post-Conflict Needs Assessments (PCNAs) and international donors\u2019 conferences usually involve govern- ments and are applicable to the conflict phase. In the case of RBB, programme budgeting that is defined by clear objectives, indicators of achievement, outputs and influence of external factors helps to make funds more sustainable. Effective financial management structures for DDR programmes are based on a coherent system for ensuring flexible and sustainable financing for DDR activities. Such a coherent structure is guided by, among other factors, a coordinated arrangement for the funding of DDR activities and an agreed framework for joint DDR coordination, monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":432, "Sentence":"Effective financial management structures for DDR programmes are based on a coherent system for ensuring flexible and sustainable financing for DDR activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting effective financial management structure ddr programme based coherent system ensuring flexible sustainable financing ddr activity ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The system of funding of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) pro- gramme varies according to the different involvement of international actors. When the World Bank (with its Multi-Donor Trustfund) plays a leading role in supporting a national DDR programme, funding is normally provided for all demobilization and reintegration activities, while additional World Bank International Development Association (IDA) loans are also provided. In these instances, funding comes from a single source and is largely guaranteed.In instances where the United Nations (UN) takes the lead, several sources of funding may be brought together to support a national DDR programme. Funds may include con- tributions from the peacekeeping assessed budget; core funding from the budgets of UN agencies, funds and programmes; voluntary contributions from donors to a UN-managed trust fund; bilateral support from a Member State to the national programme; and contribu- tions from the World Bank.In a peacekeeping context, funding may come from some or all of the above funding sources. In this situation, a good understanding of the policies and procedures governing the employment and management of financial support from these different sources is vital to the success of the DDR programme.Since several international actors are involved, it is important to be aware of important DDR funding requirements, resource mobilization options, funding mechanisms and finan- cial management structures for DDR programming. Within DDR funding requirements, for example, creating an integrated DDR plan, investing heavily in the reintegration phase and increasing accountability by using the results-based budgeting (RBB) process can contribute to the success and long-term sustainability of a DDR programme.When budgeting for DDR programmes, being aware of the various funding sources available is especially helpful. The peacekeeping assessed budget process, which covers military, personnel and operational costs, is vital to DDR programming within the UN peace- keeping context. Both in and outside the UN system, rapid response funds are available. External sources of funding include voluntary donor contributions, the World Bank Post- Conflict Fund, the Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP), government grants and agency in-kind contributions.Once funds have been committed to DDR programmes, there are different funding mechanisms that can be used and various financial management structures for DDR pro- grammes that can be created. Suitable to an integrated DDR plan is the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP), which is the normal UN inter-agency planning, coordination and resource mobilization mechanism for the response to a crisis. Transitional appeals, Post-Conflict Needs Assessments (PCNAs) and international donors\u2019 conferences usually involve govern- ments and are applicable to the conflict phase. In the case of RBB, programme budgeting that is defined by clear objectives, indicators of achievement, outputs and influence of external factors helps to make funds more sustainable. Effective financial management structures for DDR programmes are based on a coherent system for ensuring flexible and sustainable financing for DDR activities. Such a coherent structure is guided by, among other factors, a coordinated arrangement for the funding of DDR activities and an agreed framework for joint DDR coordination, monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":432, "Sentence":"Such a coherent structure is guided by, among other factors, a coordinated arrangement for the funding of DDR activities and an agreed framework for joint DDR coordination, monitoring and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting coherent structure guided among factor coordinated arrangement funding ddr activity agreed framework joint ddr coordination monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The aim of this module is to provide DDR practitioners in Headquarters and the field, in peacekeeping missions as well as field-based UN agencies, funds and programmes with a good understanding of: \\n the major DDR activities that need to be considered and their associated cost; \\n the planning and budgetary framework used for DDR programming in a peacekeeping environment; \\n potential sources of funding for DDR programmes, relevant policies guiding their use and the key actors that play an important role in funding DDR programmes; \\n the financial mechanisms and frameworks used for DDR fund and programmes man- agement.Specifically, the module outlines the policies and procedures for the mobilization, man- agement and allocation of funds for DDR programmes, from planning to implementation. It provides substantive information about the budgeting process used in a peacekeeping mission (including the RBB framework) and UN country team. It also discusses the funding mechanisms available to support the launch and implementation of DDR programmes and ensure coordination with other stakeholders involved in the funding of DDR programmes. Finally, it outlines suggestions about how the UN\u2019s financial resources for DDR can be managed as part of the broader framework for DDR, defining national and international responsibilities and roles, and mechanisms for collective decision-making.The module does not deal with the specific policies and procedures of World Bank funding of DDR programmes. It should be read together with the module on planning of integrated DDR (IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures), the module on programme design (IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design), which provides guidance on developing cost-efficient and effective DDR programmes, and the module on national institutions (IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR), which specifies the role of national institutions in DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":433, "Sentence":"The aim of this module is to provide DDR practitioners in Headquarters and the field, in peacekeeping missions as well as field-based UN agencies, funds and programmes with a good understanding of: \\n the major DDR activities that need to be considered and their associated cost; \\n the planning and budgetary framework used for DDR programming in a peacekeeping environment; \\n potential sources of funding for DDR programmes, relevant policies guiding their use and the key actors that play an important role in funding DDR programmes; \\n the financial mechanisms and frameworks used for DDR fund and programmes man- agement.Specifically, the module outlines the policies and procedures for the mobilization, man- agement and allocation of funds for DDR programmes, from planning to implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting aim module provide ddr practitioner headquarters field peacekeeping mission well fieldbased un agency fund programme good understanding n major ddr activity need considered associated cost n planning budgetary framework used ddr programming peacekeeping environment n potential source funding ddr programme relevant policy guiding use key actor play important role funding ddr programme n financial mechanism framework used ddr fund programme man agement.specifically module outline policy procedure mobilization man agement allocation fund ddr programme planning implementation ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The aim of this module is to provide DDR practitioners in Headquarters and the field, in peacekeeping missions as well as field-based UN agencies, funds and programmes with a good understanding of: \\n the major DDR activities that need to be considered and their associated cost; \\n the planning and budgetary framework used for DDR programming in a peacekeeping environment; \\n potential sources of funding for DDR programmes, relevant policies guiding their use and the key actors that play an important role in funding DDR programmes; \\n the financial mechanisms and frameworks used for DDR fund and programmes man- agement.Specifically, the module outlines the policies and procedures for the mobilization, man- agement and allocation of funds for DDR programmes, from planning to implementation. It provides substantive information about the budgeting process used in a peacekeeping mission (including the RBB framework) and UN country team. It also discusses the funding mechanisms available to support the launch and implementation of DDR programmes and ensure coordination with other stakeholders involved in the funding of DDR programmes. Finally, it outlines suggestions about how the UN\u2019s financial resources for DDR can be managed as part of the broader framework for DDR, defining national and international responsibilities and roles, and mechanisms for collective decision-making.The module does not deal with the specific policies and procedures of World Bank funding of DDR programmes. It should be read together with the module on planning of integrated DDR (IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures), the module on programme design (IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design), which provides guidance on developing cost-efficient and effective DDR programmes, and the module on national institutions (IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR), which specifies the role of national institutions in DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":433, "Sentence":"It provides substantive information about the budgeting process used in a peacekeeping mission (including the RBB framework) and UN country team.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting provides substantive information budgeting process used peacekeeping mission including rbb framework un country team ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The aim of this module is to provide DDR practitioners in Headquarters and the field, in peacekeeping missions as well as field-based UN agencies, funds and programmes with a good understanding of: \\n the major DDR activities that need to be considered and their associated cost; \\n the planning and budgetary framework used for DDR programming in a peacekeeping environment; \\n potential sources of funding for DDR programmes, relevant policies guiding their use and the key actors that play an important role in funding DDR programmes; \\n the financial mechanisms and frameworks used for DDR fund and programmes man- agement.Specifically, the module outlines the policies and procedures for the mobilization, man- agement and allocation of funds for DDR programmes, from planning to implementation. It provides substantive information about the budgeting process used in a peacekeeping mission (including the RBB framework) and UN country team. It also discusses the funding mechanisms available to support the launch and implementation of DDR programmes and ensure coordination with other stakeholders involved in the funding of DDR programmes. Finally, it outlines suggestions about how the UN\u2019s financial resources for DDR can be managed as part of the broader framework for DDR, defining national and international responsibilities and roles, and mechanisms for collective decision-making.The module does not deal with the specific policies and procedures of World Bank funding of DDR programmes. It should be read together with the module on planning of integrated DDR (IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures), the module on programme design (IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design), which provides guidance on developing cost-efficient and effective DDR programmes, and the module on national institutions (IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR), which specifies the role of national institutions in DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":433, "Sentence":"It also discusses the funding mechanisms available to support the launch and implementation of DDR programmes and ensure coordination with other stakeholders involved in the funding of DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting also discus funding mechanism available support launch implementation ddr programme ensure coordination stakeholder involved funding ddr programme ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The aim of this module is to provide DDR practitioners in Headquarters and the field, in peacekeeping missions as well as field-based UN agencies, funds and programmes with a good understanding of: \\n the major DDR activities that need to be considered and their associated cost; \\n the planning and budgetary framework used for DDR programming in a peacekeeping environment; \\n potential sources of funding for DDR programmes, relevant policies guiding their use and the key actors that play an important role in funding DDR programmes; \\n the financial mechanisms and frameworks used for DDR fund and programmes man- agement.Specifically, the module outlines the policies and procedures for the mobilization, man- agement and allocation of funds for DDR programmes, from planning to implementation. It provides substantive information about the budgeting process used in a peacekeeping mission (including the RBB framework) and UN country team. It also discusses the funding mechanisms available to support the launch and implementation of DDR programmes and ensure coordination with other stakeholders involved in the funding of DDR programmes. Finally, it outlines suggestions about how the UN\u2019s financial resources for DDR can be managed as part of the broader framework for DDR, defining national and international responsibilities and roles, and mechanisms for collective decision-making.The module does not deal with the specific policies and procedures of World Bank funding of DDR programmes. It should be read together with the module on planning of integrated DDR (IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures), the module on programme design (IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design), which provides guidance on developing cost-efficient and effective DDR programmes, and the module on national institutions (IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR), which specifies the role of national institutions in DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":433, "Sentence":"Finally, it outlines suggestions about how the UN\u2019s financial resources for DDR can be managed as part of the broader framework for DDR, defining national and international responsibilities and roles, and mechanisms for collective decision-making.The module does not deal with the specific policies and procedures of World Bank funding of DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting finally outline suggestion un \u2019 financial resource ddr managed part broader framework ddr defining national international responsibility role mechanism collective decisionmaking.the module deal specific policy procedure world bank funding ddr programme ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The aim of this module is to provide DDR practitioners in Headquarters and the field, in peacekeeping missions as well as field-based UN agencies, funds and programmes with a good understanding of: \\n the major DDR activities that need to be considered and their associated cost; \\n the planning and budgetary framework used for DDR programming in a peacekeeping environment; \\n potential sources of funding for DDR programmes, relevant policies guiding their use and the key actors that play an important role in funding DDR programmes; \\n the financial mechanisms and frameworks used for DDR fund and programmes man- agement.Specifically, the module outlines the policies and procedures for the mobilization, man- agement and allocation of funds for DDR programmes, from planning to implementation. It provides substantive information about the budgeting process used in a peacekeeping mission (including the RBB framework) and UN country team. It also discusses the funding mechanisms available to support the launch and implementation of DDR programmes and ensure coordination with other stakeholders involved in the funding of DDR programmes. Finally, it outlines suggestions about how the UN\u2019s financial resources for DDR can be managed as part of the broader framework for DDR, defining national and international responsibilities and roles, and mechanisms for collective decision-making.The module does not deal with the specific policies and procedures of World Bank funding of DDR programmes. It should be read together with the module on planning of integrated DDR (IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures), the module on programme design (IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design), which provides guidance on developing cost-efficient and effective DDR programmes, and the module on national institutions (IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR), which specifies the role of national institutions in DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":433, "Sentence":"It should be read together with the module on planning of integrated DDR (IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures), the module on programme design (IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design), which provides guidance on developing cost-efficient and effective DDR programmes, and the module on national institutions (IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR), which specifies the role of national institutions in DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting read together module planning integrated ddr iddrs 3.10 integrated ddr planning process structure module programme design iddrs 3.20 ddr programme design provides guidance developing costefficient effective ddr programme module national institution iddrs 3.30 national institution ddr specifies role national institution ddr ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of inte- grated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":434, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting annex contains list term definition abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of inte- grated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":434, "Sentence":"A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of inte- grated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting complete glossary term definition abbreviation used series inte grated ddr standard iddrs given iddrs 1.20.in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of inte- grated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":434, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting use consistent language used international organization standardization standard guideline n \u201c \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of inte- grated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":434, "Sentence":"\\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of inte- grated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":434, "Sentence":"\\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action . \u201d" }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The primary purpose of DDR is to build the conditions for sustainable reintegration and reconciliation at the community level. Therefore, both early, adequate and sustainable funding and effective and transparent financial management arrangements are vital to the success of DDR programmes. Funding and financial management must be combined with cost-efficient and effective DDR programme strategies that both increase immediate security and contribute to the longer-term reintegration of ex-combatants. Strategies containing poorly conceived eligibility criteria, a focus on individual combatants, up-front cash incentives, weapons buy-back schemes and hastily planned re- integration programmes must be avoided. They are both a financial drain and will not help to achieve the purpose of DDR.Programme managers should be aware that the reliance on multiple sources and mechanisms for funding DDR in a peacekeeping environment has several implications: \\n First, most programmes experience a gap of about a year from the time funds are pledged at a donors\u2019 conference to the time they are received. Payment may be further delayed if there is a lack of donor confidence in the peace process or in the implemen- tation of the peace agreement; \\n Second, the peacekeeping assessed budget is a predictable and reliable source of funding, but a lack of knowledge about what can or cannot be carried out with this source of funding, lack of clarity about the budgetary process and late submissions have all lim- ited the contributions of the peacekeeping assessed budget to the full DDR programme; \\n Third, the multiple funding sources have, on occasion, resulted in poorly planned and unsynchronized resource mobilization activities and unnecessary duplication of administrative structures. This has led to further confusion among DDR planners and implementers, diminished donor confidence in the DDR programme and, as a result, increased unwillingness to contribute the required funds.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":435, "Sentence":"The primary purpose of DDR is to build the conditions for sustainable reintegration and reconciliation at the community level.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting primary purpose ddr build condition sustainable reintegration reconciliation community level ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The primary purpose of DDR is to build the conditions for sustainable reintegration and reconciliation at the community level. Therefore, both early, adequate and sustainable funding and effective and transparent financial management arrangements are vital to the success of DDR programmes. Funding and financial management must be combined with cost-efficient and effective DDR programme strategies that both increase immediate security and contribute to the longer-term reintegration of ex-combatants. Strategies containing poorly conceived eligibility criteria, a focus on individual combatants, up-front cash incentives, weapons buy-back schemes and hastily planned re- integration programmes must be avoided. They are both a financial drain and will not help to achieve the purpose of DDR.Programme managers should be aware that the reliance on multiple sources and mechanisms for funding DDR in a peacekeeping environment has several implications: \\n First, most programmes experience a gap of about a year from the time funds are pledged at a donors\u2019 conference to the time they are received. Payment may be further delayed if there is a lack of donor confidence in the peace process or in the implemen- tation of the peace agreement; \\n Second, the peacekeeping assessed budget is a predictable and reliable source of funding, but a lack of knowledge about what can or cannot be carried out with this source of funding, lack of clarity about the budgetary process and late submissions have all lim- ited the contributions of the peacekeeping assessed budget to the full DDR programme; \\n Third, the multiple funding sources have, on occasion, resulted in poorly planned and unsynchronized resource mobilization activities and unnecessary duplication of administrative structures. This has led to further confusion among DDR planners and implementers, diminished donor confidence in the DDR programme and, as a result, increased unwillingness to contribute the required funds.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":435, "Sentence":"Therefore, both early, adequate and sustainable funding and effective and transparent financial management arrangements are vital to the success of DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting therefore early adequate sustainable funding effective transparent financial management arrangement vital success ddr programme ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The primary purpose of DDR is to build the conditions for sustainable reintegration and reconciliation at the community level. Therefore, both early, adequate and sustainable funding and effective and transparent financial management arrangements are vital to the success of DDR programmes. Funding and financial management must be combined with cost-efficient and effective DDR programme strategies that both increase immediate security and contribute to the longer-term reintegration of ex-combatants. Strategies containing poorly conceived eligibility criteria, a focus on individual combatants, up-front cash incentives, weapons buy-back schemes and hastily planned re- integration programmes must be avoided. They are both a financial drain and will not help to achieve the purpose of DDR.Programme managers should be aware that the reliance on multiple sources and mechanisms for funding DDR in a peacekeeping environment has several implications: \\n First, most programmes experience a gap of about a year from the time funds are pledged at a donors\u2019 conference to the time they are received. Payment may be further delayed if there is a lack of donor confidence in the peace process or in the implemen- tation of the peace agreement; \\n Second, the peacekeeping assessed budget is a predictable and reliable source of funding, but a lack of knowledge about what can or cannot be carried out with this source of funding, lack of clarity about the budgetary process and late submissions have all lim- ited the contributions of the peacekeeping assessed budget to the full DDR programme; \\n Third, the multiple funding sources have, on occasion, resulted in poorly planned and unsynchronized resource mobilization activities and unnecessary duplication of administrative structures. This has led to further confusion among DDR planners and implementers, diminished donor confidence in the DDR programme and, as a result, increased unwillingness to contribute the required funds.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":435, "Sentence":"Funding and financial management must be combined with cost-efficient and effective DDR programme strategies that both increase immediate security and contribute to the longer-term reintegration of ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting funding financial management must combined costefficient effective ddr programme strategy increase immediate security contribute longerterm reintegration excombatants ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The primary purpose of DDR is to build the conditions for sustainable reintegration and reconciliation at the community level. Therefore, both early, adequate and sustainable funding and effective and transparent financial management arrangements are vital to the success of DDR programmes. Funding and financial management must be combined with cost-efficient and effective DDR programme strategies that both increase immediate security and contribute to the longer-term reintegration of ex-combatants. Strategies containing poorly conceived eligibility criteria, a focus on individual combatants, up-front cash incentives, weapons buy-back schemes and hastily planned re- integration programmes must be avoided. They are both a financial drain and will not help to achieve the purpose of DDR.Programme managers should be aware that the reliance on multiple sources and mechanisms for funding DDR in a peacekeeping environment has several implications: \\n First, most programmes experience a gap of about a year from the time funds are pledged at a donors\u2019 conference to the time they are received. Payment may be further delayed if there is a lack of donor confidence in the peace process or in the implemen- tation of the peace agreement; \\n Second, the peacekeeping assessed budget is a predictable and reliable source of funding, but a lack of knowledge about what can or cannot be carried out with this source of funding, lack of clarity about the budgetary process and late submissions have all lim- ited the contributions of the peacekeeping assessed budget to the full DDR programme; \\n Third, the multiple funding sources have, on occasion, resulted in poorly planned and unsynchronized resource mobilization activities and unnecessary duplication of administrative structures. This has led to further confusion among DDR planners and implementers, diminished donor confidence in the DDR programme and, as a result, increased unwillingness to contribute the required funds.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":435, "Sentence":"Strategies containing poorly conceived eligibility criteria, a focus on individual combatants, up-front cash incentives, weapons buy-back schemes and hastily planned re- integration programmes must be avoided.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting strategy containing poorly conceived eligibility criterion focus individual combatant upfront cash incentive weapon buyback scheme hastily planned integration programme must avoided ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The primary purpose of DDR is to build the conditions for sustainable reintegration and reconciliation at the community level. Therefore, both early, adequate and sustainable funding and effective and transparent financial management arrangements are vital to the success of DDR programmes. Funding and financial management must be combined with cost-efficient and effective DDR programme strategies that both increase immediate security and contribute to the longer-term reintegration of ex-combatants. Strategies containing poorly conceived eligibility criteria, a focus on individual combatants, up-front cash incentives, weapons buy-back schemes and hastily planned re- integration programmes must be avoided. They are both a financial drain and will not help to achieve the purpose of DDR.Programme managers should be aware that the reliance on multiple sources and mechanisms for funding DDR in a peacekeeping environment has several implications: \\n First, most programmes experience a gap of about a year from the time funds are pledged at a donors\u2019 conference to the time they are received. Payment may be further delayed if there is a lack of donor confidence in the peace process or in the implemen- tation of the peace agreement; \\n Second, the peacekeeping assessed budget is a predictable and reliable source of funding, but a lack of knowledge about what can or cannot be carried out with this source of funding, lack of clarity about the budgetary process and late submissions have all lim- ited the contributions of the peacekeeping assessed budget to the full DDR programme; \\n Third, the multiple funding sources have, on occasion, resulted in poorly planned and unsynchronized resource mobilization activities and unnecessary duplication of administrative structures. This has led to further confusion among DDR planners and implementers, diminished donor confidence in the DDR programme and, as a result, increased unwillingness to contribute the required funds.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":435, "Sentence":"They are both a financial drain and will not help to achieve the purpose of DDR.Programme managers should be aware that the reliance on multiple sources and mechanisms for funding DDR in a peacekeeping environment has several implications: \\n First, most programmes experience a gap of about a year from the time funds are pledged at a donors\u2019 conference to the time they are received.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting financial drain help achieve purpose ddr.programme manager aware reliance multiple source mechanism funding ddr peacekeeping environment several implication n first programme experience gap year time fund pledged donor \u2019 conference time received ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The primary purpose of DDR is to build the conditions for sustainable reintegration and reconciliation at the community level. Therefore, both early, adequate and sustainable funding and effective and transparent financial management arrangements are vital to the success of DDR programmes. Funding and financial management must be combined with cost-efficient and effective DDR programme strategies that both increase immediate security and contribute to the longer-term reintegration of ex-combatants. Strategies containing poorly conceived eligibility criteria, a focus on individual combatants, up-front cash incentives, weapons buy-back schemes and hastily planned re- integration programmes must be avoided. They are both a financial drain and will not help to achieve the purpose of DDR.Programme managers should be aware that the reliance on multiple sources and mechanisms for funding DDR in a peacekeeping environment has several implications: \\n First, most programmes experience a gap of about a year from the time funds are pledged at a donors\u2019 conference to the time they are received. Payment may be further delayed if there is a lack of donor confidence in the peace process or in the implemen- tation of the peace agreement; \\n Second, the peacekeeping assessed budget is a predictable and reliable source of funding, but a lack of knowledge about what can or cannot be carried out with this source of funding, lack of clarity about the budgetary process and late submissions have all lim- ited the contributions of the peacekeeping assessed budget to the full DDR programme; \\n Third, the multiple funding sources have, on occasion, resulted in poorly planned and unsynchronized resource mobilization activities and unnecessary duplication of administrative structures. This has led to further confusion among DDR planners and implementers, diminished donor confidence in the DDR programme and, as a result, increased unwillingness to contribute the required funds.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":435, "Sentence":"Payment may be further delayed if there is a lack of donor confidence in the peace process or in the implemen- tation of the peace agreement; \\n Second, the peacekeeping assessed budget is a predictable and reliable source of funding, but a lack of knowledge about what can or cannot be carried out with this source of funding, lack of clarity about the budgetary process and late submissions have all lim- ited the contributions of the peacekeeping assessed budget to the full DDR programme; \\n Third, the multiple funding sources have, on occasion, resulted in poorly planned and unsynchronized resource mobilization activities and unnecessary duplication of administrative structures.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting payment may delayed lack donor confidence peace process implemen tation peace agreement n second peacekeeping assessed budget predictable reliable source funding lack knowledge carried source funding lack clarity budgetary process late submission lim ited contribution peacekeeping assessed budget full ddr programme n third multiple funding source occasion resulted poorly planned unsynchronized resource mobilization activity unnecessary duplication administrative structure ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The primary purpose of DDR is to build the conditions for sustainable reintegration and reconciliation at the community level. Therefore, both early, adequate and sustainable funding and effective and transparent financial management arrangements are vital to the success of DDR programmes. Funding and financial management must be combined with cost-efficient and effective DDR programme strategies that both increase immediate security and contribute to the longer-term reintegration of ex-combatants. Strategies containing poorly conceived eligibility criteria, a focus on individual combatants, up-front cash incentives, weapons buy-back schemes and hastily planned re- integration programmes must be avoided. They are both a financial drain and will not help to achieve the purpose of DDR.Programme managers should be aware that the reliance on multiple sources and mechanisms for funding DDR in a peacekeeping environment has several implications: \\n First, most programmes experience a gap of about a year from the time funds are pledged at a donors\u2019 conference to the time they are received. Payment may be further delayed if there is a lack of donor confidence in the peace process or in the implemen- tation of the peace agreement; \\n Second, the peacekeeping assessed budget is a predictable and reliable source of funding, but a lack of knowledge about what can or cannot be carried out with this source of funding, lack of clarity about the budgetary process and late submissions have all lim- ited the contributions of the peacekeeping assessed budget to the full DDR programme; \\n Third, the multiple funding sources have, on occasion, resulted in poorly planned and unsynchronized resource mobilization activities and unnecessary duplication of administrative structures. This has led to further confusion among DDR planners and implementers, diminished donor confidence in the DDR programme and, as a result, increased unwillingness to contribute the required funds.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":435, "Sentence":"This has led to further confusion among DDR planners and implementers, diminished donor confidence in the DDR programme and, as a result, increased unwillingness to contribute the required funds.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting led confusion among ddr planner implementers diminished donor confidence ddr programme result increased unwillingness contribute required fund ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The following principles should guide the resource mobilization and financial management of DDR programmes:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":436, "Sentence":"The following principles should guide the resource mobilization and financial management of DDR programmes:", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting following principle guide resource mobilization financial management ddr programme" }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1. Integrated DDR plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The funding strategy of the UN for a DDR programme should be based on an integrated DDR plan and strategy that show the division of labour and relationships among different national and local stakeholders, and UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes. The planning process to develop the integrated plan should include the relevant national stakeholders, UN partners, implementing local and international partners (wherever pos- sible), donors and other actors such as the World Bank. The integrated DDR plan shall also define programme and resource management arrangements, and the roles and responsi- bilities of key national and international stakeholders.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":437, "Sentence":"The funding strategy of the UN for a DDR programme should be based on an integrated DDR plan and strategy that show the division of labour and relationships among different national and local stakeholders, and UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting funding strategy un ddr programme based integrated ddr plan strategy show division labour relationship among different national local stakeholder un department agency fund programme ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1. Integrated DDR plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The funding strategy of the UN for a DDR programme should be based on an integrated DDR plan and strategy that show the division of labour and relationships among different national and local stakeholders, and UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes. The planning process to develop the integrated plan should include the relevant national stakeholders, UN partners, implementing local and international partners (wherever pos- sible), donors and other actors such as the World Bank. The integrated DDR plan shall also define programme and resource management arrangements, and the roles and responsi- bilities of key national and international stakeholders.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":437, "Sentence":"The planning process to develop the integrated plan should include the relevant national stakeholders, UN partners, implementing local and international partners (wherever pos- sible), donors and other actors such as the World Bank.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting planning process develop integrated plan include relevant national stakeholder un partner implementing local international partner wherever po sible donor actor world bank ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1. Integrated DDR plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The funding strategy of the UN for a DDR programme should be based on an integrated DDR plan and strategy that show the division of labour and relationships among different national and local stakeholders, and UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes. The planning process to develop the integrated plan should include the relevant national stakeholders, UN partners, implementing local and international partners (wherever pos- sible), donors and other actors such as the World Bank. The integrated DDR plan shall also define programme and resource management arrangements, and the roles and responsi- bilities of key national and international stakeholders.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":437, "Sentence":"The integrated DDR plan shall also define programme and resource management arrangements, and the roles and responsi- bilities of key national and international stakeholders.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting integrated ddr plan shall also define programme resource management arrangement role responsi bilities key national international stakeholder ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2. Harmonization with other post-conflict planning mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Planning and budgeting for DDR shall also be harmonized with other assessment, planning and financing mechanisms that are established to manage and allocate financial resources for transition and recovery needs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":438, "Sentence":"Planning and budgeting for DDR shall also be harmonized with other assessment, planning and financing mechanisms that are established to manage and allocate financial resources for transition and recovery needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting planning budgeting ddr shall also harmonized assessment planning financing mechanism established manage allocate financial resource transition recovery need ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. Funding DDR as an indivisible process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners and donors shall recognize the indivisible character of DDR. Sufficient funds must be secured to finance the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration acti- vities for an individual participant and his\/her receiving community before the UN should consider starting the disarmament process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":439, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners and donors shall recognize the indivisible character of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting ddr practitioner donor shall recognize indivisible character ddr ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. Funding DDR as an indivisible process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners and donors shall recognize the indivisible character of DDR. Sufficient funds must be secured to finance the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration acti- vities for an individual participant and his\/her receiving community before the UN should consider starting the disarmament process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":439, "Sentence":"Sufficient funds must be secured to finance the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration acti- vities for an individual participant and his\/her receiving community before the UN should consider starting the disarmament process.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting sufficient fund must secured finance disarmament demobilization reintegration acti vities individual participant his\/her receiving community un consider starting disarmament process ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4. Minimizing duplication", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The UN must avoid duplicative, high-cost administrative structures for fund management in-country, as well as unnecessary duplication in programmes for ex-combatants and those associated with the armed forces and groups.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":440, "Sentence":"The UN must avoid duplicative, high-cost administrative structures for fund management in-country, as well as unnecessary duplication in programmes for ex-combatants and those associated with the armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting un must avoid duplicative highcost administrative structure fund management incountry well unnecessary duplication programme excombatants associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5. Investing in reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The UN system should ensure that adequate, timely funding is allocated for the reintegra- tion component of the programme. Additional investments into community level services to assist and support reintegration and reconciliation (such as community security initia- tives) should be planned and harmonized with the investments of the UN system and bilateral and multilateral actors working on reintegrating internally displaced persons and refugees.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":441, "Sentence":"The UN system should ensure that adequate, timely funding is allocated for the reintegra- tion component of the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting un system ensure adequate timely funding allocated reintegra tion component programme ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5. Investing in reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The UN system should ensure that adequate, timely funding is allocated for the reintegra- tion component of the programme. Additional investments into community level services to assist and support reintegration and reconciliation (such as community security initia- tives) should be planned and harmonized with the investments of the UN system and bilateral and multilateral actors working on reintegrating internally displaced persons and refugees.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":441, "Sentence":"Additional investments into community level services to assist and support reintegration and reconciliation (such as community security initia- tives) should be planned and harmonized with the investments of the UN system and bilateral and multilateral actors working on reintegrating internally displaced persons and refugees.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting additional investment community level service assist support reintegration reconciliation community security initia tives planned harmonized investment un system bilateral multilateral actor working reintegrating internally displaced person refugee ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6. Flexibility and worst-case planning estimates", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Wherever possible, cost estimates should be based on thorough assessments and surveys. In the absence of concrete information, the UN shall make the assumptions\/estimates needed in order to carry out planning and budgeting for a DDR programme. The planning and budgetary process shall take into account realistic worst-case scenarios and build in sufficient financial flexibility to deal with potential identified political and security contin- gencies that may affect DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":442, "Sentence":"Wherever possible, cost estimates should be based on thorough assessments and surveys.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting wherever possible cost estimate based thorough assessment survey ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6. Flexibility and worst-case planning estimates", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Wherever possible, cost estimates should be based on thorough assessments and surveys. In the absence of concrete information, the UN shall make the assumptions\/estimates needed in order to carry out planning and budgeting for a DDR programme. The planning and budgetary process shall take into account realistic worst-case scenarios and build in sufficient financial flexibility to deal with potential identified political and security contin- gencies that may affect DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":442, "Sentence":"In the absence of concrete information, the UN shall make the assumptions\/estimates needed in order to carry out planning and budgeting for a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting absence concrete information un shall make assumptions\/estimates needed order carry planning budgeting ddr programme ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6. Flexibility and worst-case planning estimates", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Wherever possible, cost estimates should be based on thorough assessments and surveys. In the absence of concrete information, the UN shall make the assumptions\/estimates needed in order to carry out planning and budgeting for a DDR programme. The planning and budgetary process shall take into account realistic worst-case scenarios and build in sufficient financial flexibility to deal with potential identified political and security contin- gencies that may affect DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":442, "Sentence":"The planning and budgetary process shall take into account realistic worst-case scenarios and build in sufficient financial flexibility to deal with potential identified political and security contin- gencies that may affect DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting planning budgetary process shall take account realistic worstcase scenario build sufficient financial flexibility deal potential identified political security contin gencies may affect ddr ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7. Accountability", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The UN, together with relevant bilateral or multilateral partners, shall establish rigorous oversight mechanisms at the national and international levels to ensure a high degree of accuracy in monitoring and evaluation, transparency, and accountability. These tools ensure that the use of funds meets the programme objectives and conforms to both the financial rules and regulations of the UN (in the case of the assessed budget) and those of donors contributing funds to the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":443, "Sentence":"The UN, together with relevant bilateral or multilateral partners, shall establish rigorous oversight mechanisms at the national and international levels to ensure a high degree of accuracy in monitoring and evaluation, transparency, and accountability.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting un together relevant bilateral multilateral partner shall establish rigorous oversight mechanism national international level ensure high degree accuracy monitoring evaluation transparency accountability ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7. Accountability", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The UN, together with relevant bilateral or multilateral partners, shall establish rigorous oversight mechanisms at the national and international levels to ensure a high degree of accuracy in monitoring and evaluation, transparency, and accountability. These tools ensure that the use of funds meets the programme objectives and conforms to both the financial rules and regulations of the UN (in the case of the assessed budget) and those of donors contributing funds to the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":443, "Sentence":"These tools ensure that the use of funds meets the programme objectives and conforms to both the financial rules and regulations of the UN (in the case of the assessed budget) and those of donors contributing funds to the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting tool ensure use fund meet programme objective conforms financial rule regulation un case assessed budget donor contributing fund ddr programme ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"5. DDR logistic requirements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The matrix below identifies the main DDR activities from the negotiation of the peace proc- ess to the implementation of the programme, the main activities that may take place in each phase of the process, and possible resource requirements and sources of funding. This list provides a general example of the processes involved, and other issues may have to be included, depending on the requirements of a particular DDR mission", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":444, "Sentence":"The matrix below identifies the main DDR activities from the negotiation of the peace proc- ess to the implementation of the programme, the main activities that may take place in each phase of the process, and possible resource requirements and sources of funding.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting matrix identifies main ddr activity negotiation peace proc es implementation programme main activity may take place phase process possible resource requirement source funding ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"5. DDR logistic requirements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The matrix below identifies the main DDR activities from the negotiation of the peace proc- ess to the implementation of the programme, the main activities that may take place in each phase of the process, and possible resource requirements and sources of funding. This list provides a general example of the processes involved, and other issues may have to be included, depending on the requirements of a particular DDR mission", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":444, "Sentence":"This list provides a general example of the processes involved, and other issues may have to be included, depending on the requirements of a particular DDR mission", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting list provides general example process involved issue may included depending requirement particular ddr mission" }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.1. The peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Elements of budgeting for DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Budgeting for DDR activities, using the peacekeeping assessed budget, must be guided by two elements: \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s DDR definitions: In May 2005, the Secretary-General standardized the DDR definitions to be used by all peacekeeping missions in their budget submissions, in his note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31); \\n General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/59\/296: Following the note of the Secretary-General on DDR definitions, the General Assembly in resolution A\/RES\/59\/296 recognized that a reinsertion period of one year is an integral part of the demobilization phase of the programme, and agreed to finance reinsertion activities for demobilized combatants for up to that period. (For the remaining text of resolution A\/RES\/59\/296, please see Annex C.)DISARMAMENT \\n Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. It also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes. \\n\\n DEMOBILIZATION \\n Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may comprise the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion. \\n\\n REINSERTION \\n Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is a short-term material and\/ or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to a year. \\n\\n REINTEGRATION \\n Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. It is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":445, "Sentence":"Budgeting for DDR activities, using the peacekeeping assessed budget, must be guided by two elements: \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s DDR definitions: In May 2005, the Secretary-General standardized the DDR definitions to be used by all peacekeeping missions in their budget submissions, in his note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31); \\n General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/59\/296: Following the note of the Secretary-General on DDR definitions, the General Assembly in resolution A\/RES\/59\/296 recognized that a reinsertion period of one year is an integral part of the demobilization phase of the programme, and agreed to finance reinsertion activities for demobilized combatants for up to that period.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting budgeting ddr activity using peacekeeping assessed budget must guided two element n secretarygeneral \u2019 ddr definition may 2005 secretarygeneral standardized ddr definition used peacekeeping mission budget submission note general assembly a\/c.5\/59\/31 n general assembly resolution a\/res\/59\/296 following note secretarygeneral ddr definition general assembly resolution a\/res\/59\/296 recognized reinsertion period one year integral part demobilization phase programme agreed finance reinsertion activity demobilized combatant period ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.1. The peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Elements of budgeting for DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Budgeting for DDR activities, using the peacekeeping assessed budget, must be guided by two elements: \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s DDR definitions: In May 2005, the Secretary-General standardized the DDR definitions to be used by all peacekeeping missions in their budget submissions, in his note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31); \\n General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/59\/296: Following the note of the Secretary-General on DDR definitions, the General Assembly in resolution A\/RES\/59\/296 recognized that a reinsertion period of one year is an integral part of the demobilization phase of the programme, and agreed to finance reinsertion activities for demobilized combatants for up to that period. (For the remaining text of resolution A\/RES\/59\/296, please see Annex C.)DISARMAMENT \\n Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. It also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes. \\n\\n DEMOBILIZATION \\n Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may comprise the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion. \\n\\n REINSERTION \\n Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is a short-term material and\/ or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to a year. \\n\\n REINTEGRATION \\n Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. It is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":445, "Sentence":"(For the remaining text of resolution A\/RES\/59\/296, please see Annex C.)DISARMAMENT \\n Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting remaining text resolution a\/res\/59\/296 please see annex c.disarmament n disarmament collection documentation control disposal small arm ammunition explosive light heavy weapon combatant often also civilian population ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.1. The peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Elements of budgeting for DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Budgeting for DDR activities, using the peacekeeping assessed budget, must be guided by two elements: \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s DDR definitions: In May 2005, the Secretary-General standardized the DDR definitions to be used by all peacekeeping missions in their budget submissions, in his note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31); \\n General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/59\/296: Following the note of the Secretary-General on DDR definitions, the General Assembly in resolution A\/RES\/59\/296 recognized that a reinsertion period of one year is an integral part of the demobilization phase of the programme, and agreed to finance reinsertion activities for demobilized combatants for up to that period. (For the remaining text of resolution A\/RES\/59\/296, please see Annex C.)DISARMAMENT \\n Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. It also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes. \\n\\n DEMOBILIZATION \\n Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may comprise the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion. \\n\\n REINSERTION \\n Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is a short-term material and\/ or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to a year. \\n\\n REINTEGRATION \\n Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. It is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":445, "Sentence":"It also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting also includes development responsible arm management programme ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.1. The peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Elements of budgeting for DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Budgeting for DDR activities, using the peacekeeping assessed budget, must be guided by two elements: \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s DDR definitions: In May 2005, the Secretary-General standardized the DDR definitions to be used by all peacekeeping missions in their budget submissions, in his note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31); \\n General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/59\/296: Following the note of the Secretary-General on DDR definitions, the General Assembly in resolution A\/RES\/59\/296 recognized that a reinsertion period of one year is an integral part of the demobilization phase of the programme, and agreed to finance reinsertion activities for demobilized combatants for up to that period. (For the remaining text of resolution A\/RES\/59\/296, please see Annex C.)DISARMAMENT \\n Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. It also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes. \\n\\n DEMOBILIZATION \\n Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may comprise the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion. \\n\\n REINSERTION \\n Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is a short-term material and\/ or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to a year. \\n\\n REINTEGRATION \\n Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. It is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":445, "Sentence":"\\n\\n DEMOBILIZATION \\n Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting nn demobilization n demobilization formal controlled discharge active combatant armed force armed group ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.1. The peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Elements of budgeting for DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Budgeting for DDR activities, using the peacekeeping assessed budget, must be guided by two elements: \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s DDR definitions: In May 2005, the Secretary-General standardized the DDR definitions to be used by all peacekeeping missions in their budget submissions, in his note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31); \\n General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/59\/296: Following the note of the Secretary-General on DDR definitions, the General Assembly in resolution A\/RES\/59\/296 recognized that a reinsertion period of one year is an integral part of the demobilization phase of the programme, and agreed to finance reinsertion activities for demobilized combatants for up to that period. (For the remaining text of resolution A\/RES\/59\/296, please see Annex C.)DISARMAMENT \\n Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. It also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes. \\n\\n DEMOBILIZATION \\n Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may comprise the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion. \\n\\n REINSERTION \\n Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is a short-term material and\/ or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to a year. \\n\\n REINTEGRATION \\n Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. It is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":445, "Sentence":"The first stage of demobilization may comprise the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks).", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting first stage demobilization may comprise processing individual combatant temporary centre massing troop camp designated purpose cantonment site encampment assembly area barrack ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.1. The peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Elements of budgeting for DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Budgeting for DDR activities, using the peacekeeping assessed budget, must be guided by two elements: \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s DDR definitions: In May 2005, the Secretary-General standardized the DDR definitions to be used by all peacekeeping missions in their budget submissions, in his note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31); \\n General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/59\/296: Following the note of the Secretary-General on DDR definitions, the General Assembly in resolution A\/RES\/59\/296 recognized that a reinsertion period of one year is an integral part of the demobilization phase of the programme, and agreed to finance reinsertion activities for demobilized combatants for up to that period. (For the remaining text of resolution A\/RES\/59\/296, please see Annex C.)DISARMAMENT \\n Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. It also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes. \\n\\n DEMOBILIZATION \\n Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may comprise the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion. \\n\\n REINSERTION \\n Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is a short-term material and\/ or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to a year. \\n\\n REINTEGRATION \\n Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. It is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":445, "Sentence":"The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting second stage demobilization encompasses support package provided demobilized called reinsertion ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.1. The peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Elements of budgeting for DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Budgeting for DDR activities, using the peacekeeping assessed budget, must be guided by two elements: \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s DDR definitions: In May 2005, the Secretary-General standardized the DDR definitions to be used by all peacekeeping missions in their budget submissions, in his note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31); \\n General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/59\/296: Following the note of the Secretary-General on DDR definitions, the General Assembly in resolution A\/RES\/59\/296 recognized that a reinsertion period of one year is an integral part of the demobilization phase of the programme, and agreed to finance reinsertion activities for demobilized combatants for up to that period. (For the remaining text of resolution A\/RES\/59\/296, please see Annex C.)DISARMAMENT \\n Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. It also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes. \\n\\n DEMOBILIZATION \\n Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may comprise the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion. \\n\\n REINSERTION \\n Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is a short-term material and\/ or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to a year. \\n\\n REINTEGRATION \\n Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. It is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":445, "Sentence":"\\n\\n REINSERTION \\n Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting nn reinsertion n reinsertion assistance offered excombatants demobilization prior longerterm process reintegration ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.1. The peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Elements of budgeting for DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Budgeting for DDR activities, using the peacekeeping assessed budget, must be guided by two elements: \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s DDR definitions: In May 2005, the Secretary-General standardized the DDR definitions to be used by all peacekeeping missions in their budget submissions, in his note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31); \\n General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/59\/296: Following the note of the Secretary-General on DDR definitions, the General Assembly in resolution A\/RES\/59\/296 recognized that a reinsertion period of one year is an integral part of the demobilization phase of the programme, and agreed to finance reinsertion activities for demobilized combatants for up to that period. (For the remaining text of resolution A\/RES\/59\/296, please see Annex C.)DISARMAMENT \\n Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. It also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes. \\n\\n DEMOBILIZATION \\n Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may comprise the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion. \\n\\n REINSERTION \\n Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is a short-term material and\/ or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to a year. \\n\\n REINTEGRATION \\n Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. It is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":445, "Sentence":"Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting reinsertion form transitional assistance help cover basic need excombatants family include transitional safety allowance food clothes shelter medical service shortterm education training employment tool ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.1. The peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Elements of budgeting for DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Budgeting for DDR activities, using the peacekeeping assessed budget, must be guided by two elements: \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s DDR definitions: In May 2005, the Secretary-General standardized the DDR definitions to be used by all peacekeeping missions in their budget submissions, in his note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31); \\n General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/59\/296: Following the note of the Secretary-General on DDR definitions, the General Assembly in resolution A\/RES\/59\/296 recognized that a reinsertion period of one year is an integral part of the demobilization phase of the programme, and agreed to finance reinsertion activities for demobilized combatants for up to that period. (For the remaining text of resolution A\/RES\/59\/296, please see Annex C.)DISARMAMENT \\n Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. It also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes. \\n\\n DEMOBILIZATION \\n Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may comprise the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion. \\n\\n REINSERTION \\n Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is a short-term material and\/ or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to a year. \\n\\n REINTEGRATION \\n Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. It is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":445, "Sentence":"While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is a short-term material and\/ or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to a year.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting reintegration longterm continuous social economic process development reinsertion shortterm material and\/ financial assistance meet immediate need last year ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.1. The peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Elements of budgeting for DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Budgeting for DDR activities, using the peacekeeping assessed budget, must be guided by two elements: \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s DDR definitions: In May 2005, the Secretary-General standardized the DDR definitions to be used by all peacekeeping missions in their budget submissions, in his note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31); \\n General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/59\/296: Following the note of the Secretary-General on DDR definitions, the General Assembly in resolution A\/RES\/59\/296 recognized that a reinsertion period of one year is an integral part of the demobilization phase of the programme, and agreed to finance reinsertion activities for demobilized combatants for up to that period. (For the remaining text of resolution A\/RES\/59\/296, please see Annex C.)DISARMAMENT \\n Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. It also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes. \\n\\n DEMOBILIZATION \\n Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may comprise the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion. \\n\\n REINSERTION \\n Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is a short-term material and\/ or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to a year. \\n\\n REINTEGRATION \\n Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. It is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":445, "Sentence":"\\n\\n REINTEGRATION \\n Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting nn reintegration n reintegration process excombatants acquire civilian status gain sustainable employment income ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.1. The peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Elements of budgeting for DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Budgeting for DDR activities, using the peacekeeping assessed budget, must be guided by two elements: \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s DDR definitions: In May 2005, the Secretary-General standardized the DDR definitions to be used by all peacekeeping missions in their budget submissions, in his note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31); \\n General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/59\/296: Following the note of the Secretary-General on DDR definitions, the General Assembly in resolution A\/RES\/59\/296 recognized that a reinsertion period of one year is an integral part of the demobilization phase of the programme, and agreed to finance reinsertion activities for demobilized combatants for up to that period. (For the remaining text of resolution A\/RES\/59\/296, please see Annex C.)DISARMAMENT \\n Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. It also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes. \\n\\n DEMOBILIZATION \\n Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may comprise the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion. \\n\\n REINSERTION \\n Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is a short-term material and\/ or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to a year. \\n\\n REINTEGRATION \\n Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. It is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":445, "Sentence":"It is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting essentially social economic process open timeframe primarily taking place community local level ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.1. The peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Elements of budgeting for DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Budgeting for DDR activities, using the peacekeeping assessed budget, must be guided by two elements: \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s DDR definitions: In May 2005, the Secretary-General standardized the DDR definitions to be used by all peacekeeping missions in their budget submissions, in his note to the General Assembly (A\/C.5\/59\/31); \\n General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/59\/296: Following the note of the Secretary-General on DDR definitions, the General Assembly in resolution A\/RES\/59\/296 recognized that a reinsertion period of one year is an integral part of the demobilization phase of the programme, and agreed to finance reinsertion activities for demobilized combatants for up to that period. (For the remaining text of resolution A\/RES\/59\/296, please see Annex C.)DISARMAMENT \\n Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. It also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes. \\n\\n DEMOBILIZATION \\n Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may comprise the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion. \\n\\n REINSERTION \\n Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is a short-term material and\/ or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to a year. \\n\\n REINTEGRATION \\n Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. It is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":445, "Sentence":"It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting part general development country national responsibility often necessitates longterm external assistance ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.1. The peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN", "Heading3":"6.1.2. Categories that may be funded by the peacekeeping assessed budget", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Guided by the Secretary-General\u2019s definitions and resolution A\/RES\/59\/296 of the General Assembly, below is a list of the categories that may be funded by the peacekeeping assessed budget:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":446, "Sentence":"Guided by the Secretary-General\u2019s definitions and resolution A\/RES\/59\/296 of the General Assembly, below is a list of the categories that may be funded by the peacekeeping assessed budget:", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting guided secretarygeneral \u2019 definition resolution a\/res\/59\/296 general assembly list category may funded peacekeeping assessed budget" }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"7. The peacekeeping budgeting process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"This section outlines the typical process for developing the budget for a peacekeeping mission and describes the RBB methodology used in DPKO missions for the preparation and sub- mission of budgets to the General Assembly. (Note: With the exception of new missions, the budget cycle for all peacekeeping budgets is from 1 July to 30 June of the following year.)", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":447, "Sentence":"This section outlines the typical process for developing the budget for a peacekeeping mission and describes the RBB methodology used in DPKO missions for the preparation and sub- mission of budgets to the General Assembly.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting section outline typical process developing budget peacekeeping mission describes rbb methodology used dpko mission preparation sub mission budget general assembly ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"7. The peacekeeping budgeting process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"This section outlines the typical process for developing the budget for a peacekeeping mission and describes the RBB methodology used in DPKO missions for the preparation and sub- mission of budgets to the General Assembly. (Note: With the exception of new missions, the budget cycle for all peacekeeping budgets is from 1 July to 30 June of the following year.)", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":447, "Sentence":"(Note: With the exception of new missions, the budget cycle for all peacekeeping budgets is from 1 July to 30 June of the following year.)", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting note exception new mission budget cycle peacekeeping budget 1 july 30 june following year ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Section II: Resource mobilization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"This section provides an overview of the main sources of funding used for DDR, as well as the types of activities they can finance. The section also illustrates how different funds and funding sources can be used within an overall phased plan for funding DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":448, "Sentence":"This section provides an overview of the main sources of funding used for DDR, as well as the types of activities they can finance.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting section provides overview main source funding used ddr well type activity finance ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Section II: Resource mobilization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"This section provides an overview of the main sources of funding used for DDR, as well as the types of activities they can finance. The section also illustrates how different funds and funding sources can be used within an overall phased plan for funding DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":448, "Sentence":"The section also illustrates how different funds and funding sources can be used within an overall phased plan for funding DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting section also illustrates different fund funding source used within overall phased plan funding ddr ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"8. Sources of funding", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In general, five funding sources are used to finance DDR activities. These are: \\n the peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN; \\n rapid response (emergency) funds; voluntary contributions from donors; \\n government grants, government loans and credits; \\n agency cost-sharing.An outline of the peacekeeping assessed budget process of the UN is given at the end of Section I. Next to the peacekeeping assessed budget, rapid response funds are another vital source of funding for DDR programming.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":449, "Sentence":"In general, five funding sources are used to finance DDR activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting general five funding source used finance ddr activity ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"8. Sources of funding", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In general, five funding sources are used to finance DDR activities. These are: \\n the peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN; \\n rapid response (emergency) funds; voluntary contributions from donors; \\n government grants, government loans and credits; \\n agency cost-sharing.An outline of the peacekeeping assessed budget process of the UN is given at the end of Section I. Next to the peacekeeping assessed budget, rapid response funds are another vital source of funding for DDR programming.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":449, "Sentence":"These are: \\n the peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN; \\n rapid response (emergency) funds; voluntary contributions from donors; \\n government grants, government loans and credits; \\n agency cost-sharing.An outline of the peacekeeping assessed budget process of the UN is given at the end of Section I.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting n peacekeeping assessed budget un n rapid response emergency fund voluntary contribution donor n government grant government loan credit n agency costsharing.an outline peacekeeping assessed budget process un given end section ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"8. Sources of funding", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In general, five funding sources are used to finance DDR activities. These are: \\n the peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN; \\n rapid response (emergency) funds; voluntary contributions from donors; \\n government grants, government loans and credits; \\n agency cost-sharing.An outline of the peacekeeping assessed budget process of the UN is given at the end of Section I. Next to the peacekeeping assessed budget, rapid response funds are another vital source of funding for DDR programming.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":449, "Sentence":"Next to the peacekeeping assessed budget, rapid response funds are another vital source of funding for DDR programming.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting next peacekeeping assessed budget rapid response fund another vital source funding ddr programming ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"9. Rapid response funds", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"There are several sources of funds that can be accessed relatively quickly to fund urgent require- ments and emergencies: they can be used to fund specific activities needed to develop and launch DDR activities. The funds provide up-front capacities and resources in the immediate post-conflict period that cannot be covered by voluntary contributions, owing to delays in funds being disbursed and often lengthy procedures for authorization and disbursement. These funds often have flexible management arrangements, can be quickly disbursed, and can help the peacekeeping assessed budget to deal with strategic priorities immediately preceding, and during, the development and launch of DDR programmes. These sources of funding include the following:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":450, "Sentence":"There are several sources of funds that can be accessed relatively quickly to fund urgent require- ments and emergencies: they can be used to fund specific activities needed to develop and launch DDR activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting several source fund accessed relatively quickly fund urgent require ments emergency used fund specific activity needed develop launch ddr activity ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"9. Rapid response funds", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"There are several sources of funds that can be accessed relatively quickly to fund urgent require- ments and emergencies: they can be used to fund specific activities needed to develop and launch DDR activities. The funds provide up-front capacities and resources in the immediate post-conflict period that cannot be covered by voluntary contributions, owing to delays in funds being disbursed and often lengthy procedures for authorization and disbursement. These funds often have flexible management arrangements, can be quickly disbursed, and can help the peacekeeping assessed budget to deal with strategic priorities immediately preceding, and during, the development and launch of DDR programmes. These sources of funding include the following:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":450, "Sentence":"The funds provide up-front capacities and resources in the immediate post-conflict period that cannot be covered by voluntary contributions, owing to delays in funds being disbursed and often lengthy procedures for authorization and disbursement.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting fund provide upfront capacity resource immediate postconflict period covered voluntary contribution owing delay fund disbursed often lengthy procedure authorization disbursement ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"9. Rapid response funds", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"There are several sources of funds that can be accessed relatively quickly to fund urgent require- ments and emergencies: they can be used to fund specific activities needed to develop and launch DDR activities. The funds provide up-front capacities and resources in the immediate post-conflict period that cannot be covered by voluntary contributions, owing to delays in funds being disbursed and often lengthy procedures for authorization and disbursement. These funds often have flexible management arrangements, can be quickly disbursed, and can help the peacekeeping assessed budget to deal with strategic priorities immediately preceding, and during, the development and launch of DDR programmes. These sources of funding include the following:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":450, "Sentence":"These funds often have flexible management arrangements, can be quickly disbursed, and can help the peacekeeping assessed budget to deal with strategic priorities immediately preceding, and during, the development and launch of DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting fund often flexible management arrangement quickly disbursed help peacekeeping assessed budget deal strategic priority immediately preceding development launch ddr programme ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"9. Rapid response funds", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"There are several sources of funds that can be accessed relatively quickly to fund urgent require- ments and emergencies: they can be used to fund specific activities needed to develop and launch DDR activities. The funds provide up-front capacities and resources in the immediate post-conflict period that cannot be covered by voluntary contributions, owing to delays in funds being disbursed and often lengthy procedures for authorization and disbursement. These funds often have flexible management arrangements, can be quickly disbursed, and can help the peacekeeping assessed budget to deal with strategic priorities immediately preceding, and during, the development and launch of DDR programmes. These sources of funding include the following:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":450, "Sentence":"These sources of funding include the following:", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting source funding include following" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"9. Rapid response funds", "Heading2":"9.1. UNDP crisis prevention and recovery funds", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The UN Development Programme (UNDP), through both its core funds for emergency situations (known as TRAC 1.1.3) and its Crisis Prevention and Recovery Thematic Trust Fund (CPR\/TTF), can provide limited seed funding for developing and launching DDR programmes in the immediate pre-mandate and mission deployment period, and for providing technical and capacity-development assistance to parties engaged in peace negotiations:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":451, "Sentence":"The UN Development Programme (UNDP), through both its core funds for emergency situations (known as TRAC 1.1.3) and its Crisis Prevention and Recovery Thematic Trust Fund (CPR\/TTF), can provide limited seed funding for developing and launching DDR programmes in the immediate pre-mandate and mission deployment period, and for providing technical and capacity-development assistance to parties engaged in peace negotiations:", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting un development programme undp core fund emergency situation known trac 1.1.3 crisis prevention recovery thematic trust fund cpr\/ttf provide limited seed funding developing launching ddr programme immediate premandate mission deployment period providing technical capacitydevelopment assistance party engaged peace negotiation" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"9. Rapid response funds", "Heading2":"9.2. European Commission Rapid Reaction Mechanism", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The European Commission (EC) Rapid Reaction Mechanism (RRM) is designed to allow the European Union (EU) to respond urgently to the needs of countries threatened with or undergoing severe political instability or suffering from the effects of technological or natu- ral disasters.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":452, "Sentence":"The European Commission (EC) Rapid Reaction Mechanism (RRM) is designed to allow the European Union (EU) to respond urgently to the needs of countries threatened with or undergoing severe political instability or suffering from the effects of technological or natu- ral disasters.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting european commission ec rapid reaction mechanism rrm designed allow european union eu respond urgently need country threatened undergoing severe political instability suffering effect technological natu ral disaster ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"9. Rapid response funds", "Heading2":"9.3. World Bank Post-Conflict Fund", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The World Bank Post-Conflict Fund (PCF) supports planning, piloting and analysing of DDR activities by funding governments and partner organizations doing this work. The emphasis is on speed and flexibility without sacrificing quality.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":453, "Sentence":"The World Bank Post-Conflict Fund (PCF) supports planning, piloting and analysing of DDR activities by funding governments and partner organizations doing this work.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting world bank postconflict fund pcf support planning piloting analysing ddr activity funding government partner organization work ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"9. Rapid response funds", "Heading2":"9.3. World Bank Post-Conflict Fund", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The World Bank Post-Conflict Fund (PCF) supports planning, piloting and analysing of DDR activities by funding governments and partner organizations doing this work. The emphasis is on speed and flexibility without sacrificing quality.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":453, "Sentence":"The emphasis is on speed and flexibility without sacrificing quality.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting emphasis speed flexibility without sacrificing quality ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"10. Voluntary (donor) contributions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Voluntary contributions from UN Member States are the main source of financing for DDR programmes, and in particular reintegration activities. Contributions can originate from various sources, including foreign affairs ministries, overseas development assistance funds and defence ministries, among others. Key donors that usually provide financing for DDR, as well as security sector reform (SSR) and post-conflict recovery initiatives, include the following countries, together with their respective bilateral aid agencies and specialized mechanisms for funding post-conflict and transition priorities:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":454, "Sentence":"Voluntary contributions from UN Member States are the main source of financing for DDR programmes, and in particular reintegration activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting voluntary contribution un member state main source financing ddr programme particular reintegration activity ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"10. Voluntary (donor) contributions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Voluntary contributions from UN Member States are the main source of financing for DDR programmes, and in particular reintegration activities. Contributions can originate from various sources, including foreign affairs ministries, overseas development assistance funds and defence ministries, among others. Key donors that usually provide financing for DDR, as well as security sector reform (SSR) and post-conflict recovery initiatives, include the following countries, together with their respective bilateral aid agencies and specialized mechanisms for funding post-conflict and transition priorities:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":454, "Sentence":"Contributions can originate from various sources, including foreign affairs ministries, overseas development assistance funds and defence ministries, among others.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting contribution originate various source including foreign affair ministry overseas development assistance fund defence ministry among others ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"10. Voluntary (donor) contributions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Voluntary contributions from UN Member States are the main source of financing for DDR programmes, and in particular reintegration activities. Contributions can originate from various sources, including foreign affairs ministries, overseas development assistance funds and defence ministries, among others. Key donors that usually provide financing for DDR, as well as security sector reform (SSR) and post-conflict recovery initiatives, include the following countries, together with their respective bilateral aid agencies and specialized mechanisms for funding post-conflict and transition priorities:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":454, "Sentence":"Key donors that usually provide financing for DDR, as well as security sector reform (SSR) and post-conflict recovery initiatives, include the following countries, together with their respective bilateral aid agencies and specialized mechanisms for funding post-conflict and transition priorities:", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting key donor usually provide financing ddr well security sector reform ssr postconflict recovery initiative include following country together respective bilateral aid agency specialized mechanism funding postconflict transition priority" }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"10. Voluntary (donor) contributions", "Heading2":"10.1. The World Bank\u2019s Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The World Bank manages a regional DDR programme for the Greater Lakes Region in Cen- tral Africa, which can work closely with the UN in supporting national DDR programmes in peacekeeping missions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":455, "Sentence":"The World Bank manages a regional DDR programme for the Greater Lakes Region in Cen- tral Africa, which can work closely with the UN in supporting national DDR programmes in peacekeeping missions.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting world bank manages regional ddr programme greater lake region cen tral africa work closely un supporting national ddr programme peacekeeping mission ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"10. Voluntary (donor) contributions", "Heading2":"10.2. Government grants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Although most post-conflict governments lack institutional capacity to carry out DDR, many (such as Sierra Leone) contribute towards the cost of domestic DDR programmes, given their importance as a national priority. Although these funds are not generally used to finance UN-implemented activities and operations, they play a key role in establishing and making operational national DDR institutions and programmes, while helping to generate a mean- ingful sense of national ownership of the process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":456, "Sentence":"Although most post-conflict governments lack institutional capacity to carry out DDR, many (such as Sierra Leone) contribute towards the cost of domestic DDR programmes, given their importance as a national priority.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting although postconflict government lack institutional capacity carry ddr many sierra leone contribute towards cost domestic ddr programme given importance national priority ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"10. Voluntary (donor) contributions", "Heading2":"10.2. Government grants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Although most post-conflict governments lack institutional capacity to carry out DDR, many (such as Sierra Leone) contribute towards the cost of domestic DDR programmes, given their importance as a national priority. Although these funds are not generally used to finance UN-implemented activities and operations, they play a key role in establishing and making operational national DDR institutions and programmes, while helping to generate a mean- ingful sense of national ownership of the process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":456, "Sentence":"Although these funds are not generally used to finance UN-implemented activities and operations, they play a key role in establishing and making operational national DDR institutions and programmes, while helping to generate a mean- ingful sense of national ownership of the process.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting although fund generally used finance unimplemented activity operation play key role establishing making operational national ddr institution programme helping generate mean ingful sense national ownership process ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"10. Voluntary (donor) contributions", "Heading2":"10.3. Agency in-kind contributions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"For some activities in a DDR programme, certain UN agencies might be in a position to provide in-kind contributions, particularly when these activities correspond to or consist of priorities and goals in their general programming and assistance strategy. Such in-kind contributions could include, for instance, the provision of food assistance to ex-combatants during their cantonment in the demobilization stage, medical health screening, or HIV\/ AIDS counselling and sensitization. The availability and provision of these contributions for DDR programming should be discussed, identified and agreed upon during the programme design\/planning phase, and the agencies in question should be active participants in the overall integrated approach to DDR. Traditional types of in-kind contributions include: \\n security and protection services (military) \u2014 mainly outside of DDR in peacekeeping missions; \\n construction of basic infrastructure; \\n logistics and transport; \\n food assistance to ex-combatants and dependants; \\n child-specific assistance; \\n shelter, clothes and other basic subsistence needs; \\n health assistance; \\n HIV\/AIDS screening and testing; \\n public information services; \\n counselling; \\n employment creation in existing development projects.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":457, "Sentence":"For some activities in a DDR programme, certain UN agencies might be in a position to provide in-kind contributions, particularly when these activities correspond to or consist of priorities and goals in their general programming and assistance strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting activity ddr programme certain un agency might position provide inkind contribution particularly activity correspond consist priority goal general programming assistance strategy ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"10. Voluntary (donor) contributions", "Heading2":"10.3. Agency in-kind contributions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"For some activities in a DDR programme, certain UN agencies might be in a position to provide in-kind contributions, particularly when these activities correspond to or consist of priorities and goals in their general programming and assistance strategy. Such in-kind contributions could include, for instance, the provision of food assistance to ex-combatants during their cantonment in the demobilization stage, medical health screening, or HIV\/ AIDS counselling and sensitization. The availability and provision of these contributions for DDR programming should be discussed, identified and agreed upon during the programme design\/planning phase, and the agencies in question should be active participants in the overall integrated approach to DDR. Traditional types of in-kind contributions include: \\n security and protection services (military) \u2014 mainly outside of DDR in peacekeeping missions; \\n construction of basic infrastructure; \\n logistics and transport; \\n food assistance to ex-combatants and dependants; \\n child-specific assistance; \\n shelter, clothes and other basic subsistence needs; \\n health assistance; \\n HIV\/AIDS screening and testing; \\n public information services; \\n counselling; \\n employment creation in existing development projects.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":457, "Sentence":"Such in-kind contributions could include, for instance, the provision of food assistance to ex-combatants during their cantonment in the demobilization stage, medical health screening, or HIV\/ AIDS counselling and sensitization.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting inkind contribution could include instance provision food assistance excombatants cantonment demobilization stage medical health screening hiv\/ aid counselling sensitization ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"10. Voluntary (donor) contributions", "Heading2":"10.3. Agency in-kind contributions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"For some activities in a DDR programme, certain UN agencies might be in a position to provide in-kind contributions, particularly when these activities correspond to or consist of priorities and goals in their general programming and assistance strategy. Such in-kind contributions could include, for instance, the provision of food assistance to ex-combatants during their cantonment in the demobilization stage, medical health screening, or HIV\/ AIDS counselling and sensitization. The availability and provision of these contributions for DDR programming should be discussed, identified and agreed upon during the programme design\/planning phase, and the agencies in question should be active participants in the overall integrated approach to DDR. Traditional types of in-kind contributions include: \\n security and protection services (military) \u2014 mainly outside of DDR in peacekeeping missions; \\n construction of basic infrastructure; \\n logistics and transport; \\n food assistance to ex-combatants and dependants; \\n child-specific assistance; \\n shelter, clothes and other basic subsistence needs; \\n health assistance; \\n HIV\/AIDS screening and testing; \\n public information services; \\n counselling; \\n employment creation in existing development projects.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":457, "Sentence":"The availability and provision of these contributions for DDR programming should be discussed, identified and agreed upon during the programme design\/planning phase, and the agencies in question should be active participants in the overall integrated approach to DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting availability provision contribution ddr programming discussed identified agreed upon programme design\/planning phase agency question active participant overall integrated approach ddr ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"10. Voluntary (donor) contributions", "Heading2":"10.3. Agency in-kind contributions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"For some activities in a DDR programme, certain UN agencies might be in a position to provide in-kind contributions, particularly when these activities correspond to or consist of priorities and goals in their general programming and assistance strategy. Such in-kind contributions could include, for instance, the provision of food assistance to ex-combatants during their cantonment in the demobilization stage, medical health screening, or HIV\/ AIDS counselling and sensitization. The availability and provision of these contributions for DDR programming should be discussed, identified and agreed upon during the programme design\/planning phase, and the agencies in question should be active participants in the overall integrated approach to DDR. Traditional types of in-kind contributions include: \\n security and protection services (military) \u2014 mainly outside of DDR in peacekeeping missions; \\n construction of basic infrastructure; \\n logistics and transport; \\n food assistance to ex-combatants and dependants; \\n child-specific assistance; \\n shelter, clothes and other basic subsistence needs; \\n health assistance; \\n HIV\/AIDS screening and testing; \\n public information services; \\n counselling; \\n employment creation in existing development projects.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":457, "Sentence":"Traditional types of in-kind contributions include: \\n security and protection services (military) \u2014 mainly outside of DDR in peacekeeping missions; \\n construction of basic infrastructure; \\n logistics and transport; \\n food assistance to ex-combatants and dependants; \\n child-specific assistance; \\n shelter, clothes and other basic subsistence needs; \\n health assistance; \\n HIV\/AIDS screening and testing; \\n public information services; \\n counselling; \\n employment creation in existing development projects.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting traditional type inkind contribution include n security protection service military \u2014 mainly outside ddr peacekeeping mission n construction basic infrastructure n logistics transport n food assistance excombatants dependant n childspecific assistance n shelter clothes basic subsistence need n health assistance n hiv\/aids screening testing n public information service n counselling n employment creation existing development project ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"11. Overview of phased DDR funding requirements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"A key element of a resource mobilization strategy is to focus on different donors and fund- ing sources, depending on what range of activities they can fund at different phases in the DDR programme cycle.Some types of funding (particularly emergency response funding) are particularly useful in the initial planning and launch phase of DDR programmes, owing to their imme- diate availability, quick disbursal and flexibility, while other types of funding (voluntary contributions or loans) are more applicable for financing long-term reintegration assistance, owing to their slower disbursement, often of larger amounts, and their ability to finance multi-year arrangements.Annex E illustrates how different sources and kinds of funds could be utilized within an overall phased approach to implementing DDR programmes. This type of planning could form a vital component of a resource mobilization strategy and allow the establishment of clear goals.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":458, "Sentence":"A key element of a resource mobilization strategy is to focus on different donors and fund- ing sources, depending on what range of activities they can fund at different phases in the DDR programme cycle.Some types of funding (particularly emergency response funding) are particularly useful in the initial planning and launch phase of DDR programmes, owing to their imme- diate availability, quick disbursal and flexibility, while other types of funding (voluntary contributions or loans) are more applicable for financing long-term reintegration assistance, owing to their slower disbursement, often of larger amounts, and their ability to finance multi-year arrangements.Annex E illustrates how different sources and kinds of funds could be utilized within an overall phased approach to implementing DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting key element resource mobilization strategy focus different donor fund ing source depending range activity fund different phase ddr programme cycle.some type funding particularly emergency response funding particularly useful initial planning launch phase ddr programme owing imme diate availability quick disbursal flexibility type funding voluntary contribution loan applicable financing longterm reintegration assistance owing slower disbursement often larger amount ability finance multiyear arrangements.annex e illustrates different source kind fund could utilized within overall phased approach implementing ddr programme ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"11. Overview of phased DDR funding requirements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"A key element of a resource mobilization strategy is to focus on different donors and fund- ing sources, depending on what range of activities they can fund at different phases in the DDR programme cycle.Some types of funding (particularly emergency response funding) are particularly useful in the initial planning and launch phase of DDR programmes, owing to their imme- diate availability, quick disbursal and flexibility, while other types of funding (voluntary contributions or loans) are more applicable for financing long-term reintegration assistance, owing to their slower disbursement, often of larger amounts, and their ability to finance multi-year arrangements.Annex E illustrates how different sources and kinds of funds could be utilized within an overall phased approach to implementing DDR programmes. This type of planning could form a vital component of a resource mobilization strategy and allow the establishment of clear goals.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":458, "Sentence":"This type of planning could form a vital component of a resource mobilization strategy and allow the establishment of clear goals.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting type planning could form vital component resource mobilization strategy allow establishment clear goal ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"12. Standard funding mechanisms", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The UN system uses a number of different funding mechanisms and frameworks to mobilize financial resources in crisis and post-conflict contexts, covering all stages of the relief-to- development continuum, and including the mission period. For the purposes of financing DDR, the following mechanisms and instruments should be considered:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":459, "Sentence":"The UN system uses a number of different funding mechanisms and frameworks to mobilize financial resources in crisis and post-conflict contexts, covering all stages of the relief-to- development continuum, and including the mission period.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting un system us number different funding mechanism framework mobilize financial resource crisis postconflict context covering stage reliefto development continuum including mission period ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"12. Standard funding mechanisms", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The UN system uses a number of different funding mechanisms and frameworks to mobilize financial resources in crisis and post-conflict contexts, covering all stages of the relief-to- development continuum, and including the mission period. For the purposes of financing DDR, the following mechanisms and instruments should be considered:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":459, "Sentence":"For the purposes of financing DDR, the following mechanisms and instruments should be considered:", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting purpose financing ddr following mechanism instrument considered" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"12. Standard funding mechanisms", "Heading2":"12.1. Results-based budgeting for DDR in a peacekeeping environment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The results-based budgeting (RBB) framework is the primary budgetary planning tool used by the UN Secretariat and peacekeeping missions, and is part of the Secretary-General\u2019s programme of reform and vision of a more results-oriented organization.A significant feature of RBB is the defining of expected results at the beginning of the planning and budget cycle, before implementation. Thus RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (i.e., indicators of achievements). RBB is not simply an administrative process, but a strategic planning tool, improving the clarity of programmes, bringing about a common understanding and better communication between Member States and programme managers about the desired results. Results-based management is intended to be a dynamic process, providing feedback throughout the full programme cycle: in planning, programming, budgeting, and monitoring and evaluation. Since its inception, RBB has continued to evolve in order to better fulfil its role as a strategic planning tool for the UN. (See Annex D.1 for an overview of the RBB framework develop- ment and Annex D. 2 for an example from Sudan.)RBB has four main components: \\n Objective: Serving as the basis for developing programme activities and identifying benchmarks for success; \\n Indicators of achievement: Measuring performance, justifying the resource requirements and linking them to outputs; \\n Outputs: Listing the activities that will be conducted in order to achieve the objective; \\n External factors: Identifying factors outside the control of the programme manager that may affect programme performance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":460, "Sentence":"The results-based budgeting (RBB) framework is the primary budgetary planning tool used by the UN Secretariat and peacekeeping missions, and is part of the Secretary-General\u2019s programme of reform and vision of a more results-oriented organization.A significant feature of RBB is the defining of expected results at the beginning of the planning and budget cycle, before implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting resultsbased budgeting rbb framework primary budgetary planning tool used un secretariat peacekeeping mission part secretarygeneral \u2019 programme reform vision resultsoriented organization.a significant feature rbb defining expected result beginning planning budget cycle implementation ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"12. Standard funding mechanisms", "Heading2":"12.1. Results-based budgeting for DDR in a peacekeeping environment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The results-based budgeting (RBB) framework is the primary budgetary planning tool used by the UN Secretariat and peacekeeping missions, and is part of the Secretary-General\u2019s programme of reform and vision of a more results-oriented organization.A significant feature of RBB is the defining of expected results at the beginning of the planning and budget cycle, before implementation. Thus RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (i.e., indicators of achievements). RBB is not simply an administrative process, but a strategic planning tool, improving the clarity of programmes, bringing about a common understanding and better communication between Member States and programme managers about the desired results. Results-based management is intended to be a dynamic process, providing feedback throughout the full programme cycle: in planning, programming, budgeting, and monitoring and evaluation. Since its inception, RBB has continued to evolve in order to better fulfil its role as a strategic planning tool for the UN. (See Annex D.1 for an overview of the RBB framework develop- ment and Annex D. 2 for an example from Sudan.)RBB has four main components: \\n Objective: Serving as the basis for developing programme activities and identifying benchmarks for success; \\n Indicators of achievement: Measuring performance, justifying the resource requirements and linking them to outputs; \\n Outputs: Listing the activities that will be conducted in order to achieve the objective; \\n External factors: Identifying factors outside the control of the programme manager that may affect programme performance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":460, "Sentence":"Thus RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (i.e., indicators of achievements).", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting thus rbb aim shift focus output accounting i.e . activity resultsbased accountability i.e . indicator achievement ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"12. Standard funding mechanisms", "Heading2":"12.1. Results-based budgeting for DDR in a peacekeeping environment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The results-based budgeting (RBB) framework is the primary budgetary planning tool used by the UN Secretariat and peacekeeping missions, and is part of the Secretary-General\u2019s programme of reform and vision of a more results-oriented organization.A significant feature of RBB is the defining of expected results at the beginning of the planning and budget cycle, before implementation. Thus RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (i.e., indicators of achievements). RBB is not simply an administrative process, but a strategic planning tool, improving the clarity of programmes, bringing about a common understanding and better communication between Member States and programme managers about the desired results. Results-based management is intended to be a dynamic process, providing feedback throughout the full programme cycle: in planning, programming, budgeting, and monitoring and evaluation. Since its inception, RBB has continued to evolve in order to better fulfil its role as a strategic planning tool for the UN. (See Annex D.1 for an overview of the RBB framework develop- ment and Annex D. 2 for an example from Sudan.)RBB has four main components: \\n Objective: Serving as the basis for developing programme activities and identifying benchmarks for success; \\n Indicators of achievement: Measuring performance, justifying the resource requirements and linking them to outputs; \\n Outputs: Listing the activities that will be conducted in order to achieve the objective; \\n External factors: Identifying factors outside the control of the programme manager that may affect programme performance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":460, "Sentence":"RBB is not simply an administrative process, but a strategic planning tool, improving the clarity of programmes, bringing about a common understanding and better communication between Member States and programme managers about the desired results.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting rbb simply administrative process strategic planning tool improving clarity programme bringing common understanding better communication member state programme manager desired result ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"12. Standard funding mechanisms", "Heading2":"12.1. Results-based budgeting for DDR in a peacekeeping environment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The results-based budgeting (RBB) framework is the primary budgetary planning tool used by the UN Secretariat and peacekeeping missions, and is part of the Secretary-General\u2019s programme of reform and vision of a more results-oriented organization.A significant feature of RBB is the defining of expected results at the beginning of the planning and budget cycle, before implementation. Thus RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (i.e., indicators of achievements). RBB is not simply an administrative process, but a strategic planning tool, improving the clarity of programmes, bringing about a common understanding and better communication between Member States and programme managers about the desired results. Results-based management is intended to be a dynamic process, providing feedback throughout the full programme cycle: in planning, programming, budgeting, and monitoring and evaluation. Since its inception, RBB has continued to evolve in order to better fulfil its role as a strategic planning tool for the UN. (See Annex D.1 for an overview of the RBB framework develop- ment and Annex D. 2 for an example from Sudan.)RBB has four main components: \\n Objective: Serving as the basis for developing programme activities and identifying benchmarks for success; \\n Indicators of achievement: Measuring performance, justifying the resource requirements and linking them to outputs; \\n Outputs: Listing the activities that will be conducted in order to achieve the objective; \\n External factors: Identifying factors outside the control of the programme manager that may affect programme performance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":460, "Sentence":"Results-based management is intended to be a dynamic process, providing feedback throughout the full programme cycle: in planning, programming, budgeting, and monitoring and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting resultsbased management intended dynamic process providing feedback throughout full programme cycle planning programming budgeting monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"12. Standard funding mechanisms", "Heading2":"12.1. Results-based budgeting for DDR in a peacekeeping environment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The results-based budgeting (RBB) framework is the primary budgetary planning tool used by the UN Secretariat and peacekeeping missions, and is part of the Secretary-General\u2019s programme of reform and vision of a more results-oriented organization.A significant feature of RBB is the defining of expected results at the beginning of the planning and budget cycle, before implementation. Thus RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (i.e., indicators of achievements). RBB is not simply an administrative process, but a strategic planning tool, improving the clarity of programmes, bringing about a common understanding and better communication between Member States and programme managers about the desired results. Results-based management is intended to be a dynamic process, providing feedback throughout the full programme cycle: in planning, programming, budgeting, and monitoring and evaluation. Since its inception, RBB has continued to evolve in order to better fulfil its role as a strategic planning tool for the UN. (See Annex D.1 for an overview of the RBB framework develop- ment and Annex D. 2 for an example from Sudan.)RBB has four main components: \\n Objective: Serving as the basis for developing programme activities and identifying benchmarks for success; \\n Indicators of achievement: Measuring performance, justifying the resource requirements and linking them to outputs; \\n Outputs: Listing the activities that will be conducted in order to achieve the objective; \\n External factors: Identifying factors outside the control of the programme manager that may affect programme performance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":460, "Sentence":"Since its inception, RBB has continued to evolve in order to better fulfil its role as a strategic planning tool for the UN.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting since inception rbb continued evolve order better fulfil role strategic planning tool un ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"12. Standard funding mechanisms", "Heading2":"12.1. Results-based budgeting for DDR in a peacekeeping environment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The results-based budgeting (RBB) framework is the primary budgetary planning tool used by the UN Secretariat and peacekeeping missions, and is part of the Secretary-General\u2019s programme of reform and vision of a more results-oriented organization.A significant feature of RBB is the defining of expected results at the beginning of the planning and budget cycle, before implementation. Thus RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (i.e., indicators of achievements). RBB is not simply an administrative process, but a strategic planning tool, improving the clarity of programmes, bringing about a common understanding and better communication between Member States and programme managers about the desired results. Results-based management is intended to be a dynamic process, providing feedback throughout the full programme cycle: in planning, programming, budgeting, and monitoring and evaluation. Since its inception, RBB has continued to evolve in order to better fulfil its role as a strategic planning tool for the UN. (See Annex D.1 for an overview of the RBB framework develop- ment and Annex D. 2 for an example from Sudan.)RBB has four main components: \\n Objective: Serving as the basis for developing programme activities and identifying benchmarks for success; \\n Indicators of achievement: Measuring performance, justifying the resource requirements and linking them to outputs; \\n Outputs: Listing the activities that will be conducted in order to achieve the objective; \\n External factors: Identifying factors outside the control of the programme manager that may affect programme performance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":460, "Sentence":"(See Annex D.1 for an overview of the RBB framework develop- ment and Annex D. 2 for an example from Sudan.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting see annex d.1 overview rbb framework develop ment annex d. 2 example sudan ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"12. Standard funding mechanisms", "Heading2":"12.1. Results-based budgeting for DDR in a peacekeeping environment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The results-based budgeting (RBB) framework is the primary budgetary planning tool used by the UN Secretariat and peacekeeping missions, and is part of the Secretary-General\u2019s programme of reform and vision of a more results-oriented organization.A significant feature of RBB is the defining of expected results at the beginning of the planning and budget cycle, before implementation. Thus RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (i.e., indicators of achievements). RBB is not simply an administrative process, but a strategic planning tool, improving the clarity of programmes, bringing about a common understanding and better communication between Member States and programme managers about the desired results. Results-based management is intended to be a dynamic process, providing feedback throughout the full programme cycle: in planning, programming, budgeting, and monitoring and evaluation. Since its inception, RBB has continued to evolve in order to better fulfil its role as a strategic planning tool for the UN. (See Annex D.1 for an overview of the RBB framework develop- ment and Annex D. 2 for an example from Sudan.)RBB has four main components: \\n Objective: Serving as the basis for developing programme activities and identifying benchmarks for success; \\n Indicators of achievement: Measuring performance, justifying the resource requirements and linking them to outputs; \\n Outputs: Listing the activities that will be conducted in order to achieve the objective; \\n External factors: Identifying factors outside the control of the programme manager that may affect programme performance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":460, "Sentence":")RBB has four main components: \\n Objective: Serving as the basis for developing programme activities and identifying benchmarks for success; \\n Indicators of achievement: Measuring performance, justifying the resource requirements and linking them to outputs; \\n Outputs: Listing the activities that will be conducted in order to achieve the objective; \\n External factors: Identifying factors outside the control of the programme manager that may affect programme performance.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting rbb four main component n objective serving basis developing programme activity identifying benchmark success n indicator achievement measuring performance justifying resource requirement linking output n output listing activity conducted order achieve objective n external factor identifying factor outside control programme manager may affect programme performance ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR programmes should develop, to the extent possible, a single structure for managing and coordinating: \\n the receipt of funds from various funding sources and mechanisms; \\n the allocation of funds to specific projects, activities and implementing partners; \\n adequate monitoring, oversight and reporting on the use of funds.In order to achieve these goals, the structure should ideally: \\n include a coordinated arrangement for the funding of DDR activities that would be administered by either the UN or jointly with another organization such as the World Bank, with an agreed structure for joint coordination, monitoring and evaluation; \\n establish a direct link with integrated DDR planning and programming frameworks; \\n include all key stakeholders on DDR, while ensuring the primacy of national ownership; \\n bring together within one framework all available sources of funding, as well as related methods (including trust funds and pass-through arrangements, for instance), in order to establish a well-coordinated and coherent system for ensuring flexible and sustain- able financing of DDR activities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":461, "Sentence":"Integrated DDR programmes should develop, to the extent possible, a single structure for managing and coordinating: \\n the receipt of funds from various funding sources and mechanisms; \\n the allocation of funds to specific projects, activities and implementing partners; \\n adequate monitoring, oversight and reporting on the use of funds.In order to achieve these goals, the structure should ideally: \\n include a coordinated arrangement for the funding of DDR activities that would be administered by either the UN or jointly with another organization such as the World Bank, with an agreed structure for joint coordination, monitoring and evaluation; \\n establish a direct link with integrated DDR planning and programming frameworks; \\n include all key stakeholders on DDR, while ensuring the primacy of national ownership; \\n bring together within one framework all available sources of funding, as well as related methods (including trust funds and pass-through arrangements, for instance), in order to establish a well-coordinated and coherent system for ensuring flexible and sustain- able financing of DDR activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting integrated ddr programme develop extent possible single structure managing coordinating n receipt fund various funding source mechanism n allocation fund specific project activity implementing partner n adequate monitoring oversight reporting use funds.in order achieve goal structure ideally n include coordinated arrangement funding ddr activity would administered either un jointly another organization world bank agreed structure joint coordination monitoring evaluation n establish direct link integrated ddr planning programming framework n include key stakeholder ddr ensuring primacy national ownership n bring together within one framework available source funding well related method including trust fund passthrough arrangement instance order establish wellcoordinated coherent system ensuring flexible sustain able financing ddr activity ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.1. National role and coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The establishment of a financial and management structure for funding DDR should clearly reflect the primacy of national ownership and responsibility, the extent of direct national implementation and fund management, and the nature of UN support. In this sense, a DDR funding structure should not be exclusively oriented towards UN management and imple- mentation, but rather be planned as an \u2018open\u2019 architecture to enable national and other international actors to meaningfully participate in the DDR process. As a part of the process of ensuring national participation, meaningful national ownership should be reflected in the leadership role that national stakeholders should play in the coordination mechanisms established within the overall financial and management structure.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":462, "Sentence":"The establishment of a financial and management structure for funding DDR should clearly reflect the primacy of national ownership and responsibility, the extent of direct national implementation and fund management, and the nature of UN support.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting establishment financial management structure funding ddr clearly reflect primacy national ownership responsibility extent direct national implementation fund management nature un support ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.1. National role and coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The establishment of a financial and management structure for funding DDR should clearly reflect the primacy of national ownership and responsibility, the extent of direct national implementation and fund management, and the nature of UN support. In this sense, a DDR funding structure should not be exclusively oriented towards UN management and imple- mentation, but rather be planned as an \u2018open\u2019 architecture to enable national and other international actors to meaningfully participate in the DDR process. As a part of the process of ensuring national participation, meaningful national ownership should be reflected in the leadership role that national stakeholders should play in the coordination mechanisms established within the overall financial and management structure.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":462, "Sentence":"In this sense, a DDR funding structure should not be exclusively oriented towards UN management and imple- mentation, but rather be planned as an \u2018open\u2019 architecture to enable national and other international actors to meaningfully participate in the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting sense ddr funding structure exclusively oriented towards un management imple mentation rather planned \u2018 open \u2019 architecture enable national international actor meaningfully participate ddr process ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.1. National role and coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The establishment of a financial and management structure for funding DDR should clearly reflect the primacy of national ownership and responsibility, the extent of direct national implementation and fund management, and the nature of UN support. In this sense, a DDR funding structure should not be exclusively oriented towards UN management and imple- mentation, but rather be planned as an \u2018open\u2019 architecture to enable national and other international actors to meaningfully participate in the DDR process. As a part of the process of ensuring national participation, meaningful national ownership should be reflected in the leadership role that national stakeholders should play in the coordination mechanisms established within the overall financial and management structure.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":462, "Sentence":"As a part of the process of ensuring national participation, meaningful national ownership should be reflected in the leadership role that national stakeholders should play in the coordination mechanisms established within the overall financial and management structure.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting part process ensuring national participation meaningful national ownership reflected leadership role national stakeholder play coordination mechanism established within overall financial management structure ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.2. Institutional and management structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The core elements of a DDR financial and management structure should ideally include the following: \\n a steering committee to provide overall strategic guidance and policy direction on DDR financing; ensure coherence with DDR strategy, priorities and programming framework; and ensure adequate coordination among key stakeholders (national actors, donors, UN agencies, the World Bank and other partners); \\n a coordination committee to coordinate the overall programme of activities to be financed through the funding structure, monitor coherence of programme activities and funding structure objectives, and ensure that the programmes are coordinated with broader frameworks and processes (e.g., recovery and SSR), as well as the overall national pro- gramme and other initiatives taking place at the same time; \\n a technical committee to provide general technical advice, carry out technical review of funding proposals and eligibility, and provide recommendations on the suitability of funding. The technical committee should include UN technical advisers, national rep- resentatives, donors and the chair of the steering committee; \\n a project approval committee to examine and approve eligible funding proposals sub- mitted to the DDR funding structure, provide strategic guidance on the use of funds, and ensure coherence and coordination between the funding structure and national priorities; \\n a secretariat to support the work of the committee through informational, administra- tive and secretarial responsibilities. The secretariat should also ensure adequate and consistent reporting on activities financed by the funding structure, as well as overall financial tracking. In certain cases, the secretariat could also be tasked with management of financial services such as procurement and contracting.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":463, "Sentence":"The core elements of a DDR financial and management structure should ideally include the following: \\n a steering committee to provide overall strategic guidance and policy direction on DDR financing; ensure coherence with DDR strategy, priorities and programming framework; and ensure adequate coordination among key stakeholders (national actors, donors, UN agencies, the World Bank and other partners); \\n a coordination committee to coordinate the overall programme of activities to be financed through the funding structure, monitor coherence of programme activities and funding structure objectives, and ensure that the programmes are coordinated with broader frameworks and processes (e.g., recovery and SSR), as well as the overall national pro- gramme and other initiatives taking place at the same time; \\n a technical committee to provide general technical advice, carry out technical review of funding proposals and eligibility, and provide recommendations on the suitability of funding.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting core element ddr financial management structure ideally include following n steering committee provide overall strategic guidance policy direction ddr financing ensure coherence ddr strategy priority programming framework ensure adequate coordination among key stakeholder national actor donor un agency world bank partner n coordination committee coordinate overall programme activity financed funding structure monitor coherence programme activity funding structure objective ensure programme coordinated broader framework process e.g . recovery ssr well overall national pro gramme initiative taking place time n technical committee provide general technical advice carry technical review funding proposal eligibility provide recommendation suitability funding ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.2. Institutional and management structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The core elements of a DDR financial and management structure should ideally include the following: \\n a steering committee to provide overall strategic guidance and policy direction on DDR financing; ensure coherence with DDR strategy, priorities and programming framework; and ensure adequate coordination among key stakeholders (national actors, donors, UN agencies, the World Bank and other partners); \\n a coordination committee to coordinate the overall programme of activities to be financed through the funding structure, monitor coherence of programme activities and funding structure objectives, and ensure that the programmes are coordinated with broader frameworks and processes (e.g., recovery and SSR), as well as the overall national pro- gramme and other initiatives taking place at the same time; \\n a technical committee to provide general technical advice, carry out technical review of funding proposals and eligibility, and provide recommendations on the suitability of funding. The technical committee should include UN technical advisers, national rep- resentatives, donors and the chair of the steering committee; \\n a project approval committee to examine and approve eligible funding proposals sub- mitted to the DDR funding structure, provide strategic guidance on the use of funds, and ensure coherence and coordination between the funding structure and national priorities; \\n a secretariat to support the work of the committee through informational, administra- tive and secretarial responsibilities. The secretariat should also ensure adequate and consistent reporting on activities financed by the funding structure, as well as overall financial tracking. In certain cases, the secretariat could also be tasked with management of financial services such as procurement and contracting.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":463, "Sentence":"The technical committee should include UN technical advisers, national rep- resentatives, donors and the chair of the steering committee; \\n a project approval committee to examine and approve eligible funding proposals sub- mitted to the DDR funding structure, provide strategic guidance on the use of funds, and ensure coherence and coordination between the funding structure and national priorities; \\n a secretariat to support the work of the committee through informational, administra- tive and secretarial responsibilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting technical committee include un technical adviser national rep resentatives donor chair steering committee n project approval committee examine approve eligible funding proposal sub mitted ddr funding structure provide strategic guidance use fund ensure coherence coordination funding structure national priority n secretariat support work committee informational administra tive secretarial responsibility ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.2. Institutional and management structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The core elements of a DDR financial and management structure should ideally include the following: \\n a steering committee to provide overall strategic guidance and policy direction on DDR financing; ensure coherence with DDR strategy, priorities and programming framework; and ensure adequate coordination among key stakeholders (national actors, donors, UN agencies, the World Bank and other partners); \\n a coordination committee to coordinate the overall programme of activities to be financed through the funding structure, monitor coherence of programme activities and funding structure objectives, and ensure that the programmes are coordinated with broader frameworks and processes (e.g., recovery and SSR), as well as the overall national pro- gramme and other initiatives taking place at the same time; \\n a technical committee to provide general technical advice, carry out technical review of funding proposals and eligibility, and provide recommendations on the suitability of funding. The technical committee should include UN technical advisers, national rep- resentatives, donors and the chair of the steering committee; \\n a project approval committee to examine and approve eligible funding proposals sub- mitted to the DDR funding structure, provide strategic guidance on the use of funds, and ensure coherence and coordination between the funding structure and national priorities; \\n a secretariat to support the work of the committee through informational, administra- tive and secretarial responsibilities. The secretariat should also ensure adequate and consistent reporting on activities financed by the funding structure, as well as overall financial tracking. In certain cases, the secretariat could also be tasked with management of financial services such as procurement and contracting.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":463, "Sentence":"The secretariat should also ensure adequate and consistent reporting on activities financed by the funding structure, as well as overall financial tracking.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting secretariat also ensure adequate consistent reporting activity financed funding structure well overall financial tracking ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.2. Institutional and management structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The core elements of a DDR financial and management structure should ideally include the following: \\n a steering committee to provide overall strategic guidance and policy direction on DDR financing; ensure coherence with DDR strategy, priorities and programming framework; and ensure adequate coordination among key stakeholders (national actors, donors, UN agencies, the World Bank and other partners); \\n a coordination committee to coordinate the overall programme of activities to be financed through the funding structure, monitor coherence of programme activities and funding structure objectives, and ensure that the programmes are coordinated with broader frameworks and processes (e.g., recovery and SSR), as well as the overall national pro- gramme and other initiatives taking place at the same time; \\n a technical committee to provide general technical advice, carry out technical review of funding proposals and eligibility, and provide recommendations on the suitability of funding. The technical committee should include UN technical advisers, national rep- resentatives, donors and the chair of the steering committee; \\n a project approval committee to examine and approve eligible funding proposals sub- mitted to the DDR funding structure, provide strategic guidance on the use of funds, and ensure coherence and coordination between the funding structure and national priorities; \\n a secretariat to support the work of the committee through informational, administra- tive and secretarial responsibilities. The secretariat should also ensure adequate and consistent reporting on activities financed by the funding structure, as well as overall financial tracking. In certain cases, the secretariat could also be tasked with management of financial services such as procurement and contracting.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":463, "Sentence":"In certain cases, the secretariat could also be tasked with management of financial services such as procurement and contracting.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting certain case secretariat could also tasked management financial service procurement contracting ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.3. Administration of funds", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The organization responsible for the administration of funds is responsible for establishing and maintaining appropriate records and accounts to identify financial contributions to funds and arrangements established within the funding structure, as well as to identify the commitments to be financed out of the contributions, and the receipt and disbursement of these funds, in accordance with specified arrangements.If multiple mechanisms are established to manage receipt of funds (such as two separate trust funds covering different funding areas or funding sources), multiple administrative agents (AAs) will be required. To avoid confusion, the same standards and criteria for allo- cating, monitoring and reporting funds should be adopted.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":464, "Sentence":"The organization responsible for the administration of funds is responsible for establishing and maintaining appropriate records and accounts to identify financial contributions to funds and arrangements established within the funding structure, as well as to identify the commitments to be financed out of the contributions, and the receipt and disbursement of these funds, in accordance with specified arrangements.If multiple mechanisms are established to manage receipt of funds (such as two separate trust funds covering different funding areas or funding sources), multiple administrative agents (AAs) will be required.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting organization responsible administration fund responsible establishing maintaining appropriate record account identify financial contribution fund arrangement established within funding structure well identify commitment financed contribution receipt disbursement fund accordance specified arrangements.if multiple mechanism established manage receipt fund two separate trust fund covering different funding area funding source multiple administrative agent aa required ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.3. Administration of funds", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The organization responsible for the administration of funds is responsible for establishing and maintaining appropriate records and accounts to identify financial contributions to funds and arrangements established within the funding structure, as well as to identify the commitments to be financed out of the contributions, and the receipt and disbursement of these funds, in accordance with specified arrangements.If multiple mechanisms are established to manage receipt of funds (such as two separate trust funds covering different funding areas or funding sources), multiple administrative agents (AAs) will be required. To avoid confusion, the same standards and criteria for allo- cating, monitoring and reporting funds should be adopted.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":464, "Sentence":"To avoid confusion, the same standards and criteria for allo- cating, monitoring and reporting funds should be adopted.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting avoid confusion standard criterion allo cating monitoring reporting fund adopted ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.4. Linking parallel funding mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Given the complexity and scope of DDR interventions, as well as the range of stakeholders involved, parallel initiatives, both UN and non-UN, are inevitable. Links shall be created between the national and UN DDR frameworks to ensure that these do not duplicate or otherwise affect overall coherence. The basic requirement of good coordination between integrated and parallel processes is an agreement on common strategic, planning and policy frameworks, which should be based on national policy priorities, if they exist. Structurally, stakeholders involved in parallel initiatives should participate on the steering and coordi- nation committees of the DDR funding structure, even though the actual administration and management of funds takes place outside this framework. This will avoid duplication of efforts and ensure a link to operational coordination, and enable the development of an aggregated\/consolidated overall budget and work plan for DDR. Normal parallel funding mechanisms include the following: \\n Mission financing: Although the UN peacekeeping mission is a key component of the overall UN integrated structure for DDR, its main funding mechanism (assessed contri- butions) is managed directly by the mission itself in coordination with DPKO Head- quarters, and cannot be integrated fully into the DDR funding structure. For this reason, it should be considered a parallel funding mechanism, even though the DDR funding structure decides how funds are used and managed; \\n Parallel agency funds: Certain agencies might have programmes that could support DDR activities (e.g., food assistance for ex-combatants as part of a broader food assistance programme), or even DDR projects that fall outside the overall integrated programme framework; \\n Bilateral assistance funds: Some donors, particularly those whose bilateral aid agencies are active on post-conflict and\/or DDR issues (such as USAID, DFID, CIDA, etc.) might choose to finance programmes that are parallel to integrated efforts, and which are directly implemented by national or sub-national partners. In this context, it is important to ensure that these donors are active participants in DDR and the funding structures involved, and to ensure adequate operational coordination (particularly to ensure that the intended geographic areas and beneficiaries are covered by the programme).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":465, "Sentence":"Given the complexity and scope of DDR interventions, as well as the range of stakeholders involved, parallel initiatives, both UN and non-UN, are inevitable.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting given complexity scope ddr intervention well range stakeholder involved parallel initiative un nonun inevitable ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.4. Linking parallel funding mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Given the complexity and scope of DDR interventions, as well as the range of stakeholders involved, parallel initiatives, both UN and non-UN, are inevitable. Links shall be created between the national and UN DDR frameworks to ensure that these do not duplicate or otherwise affect overall coherence. The basic requirement of good coordination between integrated and parallel processes is an agreement on common strategic, planning and policy frameworks, which should be based on national policy priorities, if they exist. Structurally, stakeholders involved in parallel initiatives should participate on the steering and coordi- nation committees of the DDR funding structure, even though the actual administration and management of funds takes place outside this framework. This will avoid duplication of efforts and ensure a link to operational coordination, and enable the development of an aggregated\/consolidated overall budget and work plan for DDR. Normal parallel funding mechanisms include the following: \\n Mission financing: Although the UN peacekeeping mission is a key component of the overall UN integrated structure for DDR, its main funding mechanism (assessed contri- butions) is managed directly by the mission itself in coordination with DPKO Head- quarters, and cannot be integrated fully into the DDR funding structure. For this reason, it should be considered a parallel funding mechanism, even though the DDR funding structure decides how funds are used and managed; \\n Parallel agency funds: Certain agencies might have programmes that could support DDR activities (e.g., food assistance for ex-combatants as part of a broader food assistance programme), or even DDR projects that fall outside the overall integrated programme framework; \\n Bilateral assistance funds: Some donors, particularly those whose bilateral aid agencies are active on post-conflict and\/or DDR issues (such as USAID, DFID, CIDA, etc.) might choose to finance programmes that are parallel to integrated efforts, and which are directly implemented by national or sub-national partners. In this context, it is important to ensure that these donors are active participants in DDR and the funding structures involved, and to ensure adequate operational coordination (particularly to ensure that the intended geographic areas and beneficiaries are covered by the programme).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":465, "Sentence":"Links shall be created between the national and UN DDR frameworks to ensure that these do not duplicate or otherwise affect overall coherence.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting link shall created national un ddr framework ensure duplicate otherwise affect overall coherence ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.4. Linking parallel funding mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Given the complexity and scope of DDR interventions, as well as the range of stakeholders involved, parallel initiatives, both UN and non-UN, are inevitable. Links shall be created between the national and UN DDR frameworks to ensure that these do not duplicate or otherwise affect overall coherence. The basic requirement of good coordination between integrated and parallel processes is an agreement on common strategic, planning and policy frameworks, which should be based on national policy priorities, if they exist. Structurally, stakeholders involved in parallel initiatives should participate on the steering and coordi- nation committees of the DDR funding structure, even though the actual administration and management of funds takes place outside this framework. This will avoid duplication of efforts and ensure a link to operational coordination, and enable the development of an aggregated\/consolidated overall budget and work plan for DDR. Normal parallel funding mechanisms include the following: \\n Mission financing: Although the UN peacekeeping mission is a key component of the overall UN integrated structure for DDR, its main funding mechanism (assessed contri- butions) is managed directly by the mission itself in coordination with DPKO Head- quarters, and cannot be integrated fully into the DDR funding structure. For this reason, it should be considered a parallel funding mechanism, even though the DDR funding structure decides how funds are used and managed; \\n Parallel agency funds: Certain agencies might have programmes that could support DDR activities (e.g., food assistance for ex-combatants as part of a broader food assistance programme), or even DDR projects that fall outside the overall integrated programme framework; \\n Bilateral assistance funds: Some donors, particularly those whose bilateral aid agencies are active on post-conflict and\/or DDR issues (such as USAID, DFID, CIDA, etc.) might choose to finance programmes that are parallel to integrated efforts, and which are directly implemented by national or sub-national partners. In this context, it is important to ensure that these donors are active participants in DDR and the funding structures involved, and to ensure adequate operational coordination (particularly to ensure that the intended geographic areas and beneficiaries are covered by the programme).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":465, "Sentence":"The basic requirement of good coordination between integrated and parallel processes is an agreement on common strategic, planning and policy frameworks, which should be based on national policy priorities, if they exist.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting basic requirement good coordination integrated parallel process agreement common strategic planning policy framework based national policy priority exist ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.4. Linking parallel funding mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Given the complexity and scope of DDR interventions, as well as the range of stakeholders involved, parallel initiatives, both UN and non-UN, are inevitable. Links shall be created between the national and UN DDR frameworks to ensure that these do not duplicate or otherwise affect overall coherence. The basic requirement of good coordination between integrated and parallel processes is an agreement on common strategic, planning and policy frameworks, which should be based on national policy priorities, if they exist. Structurally, stakeholders involved in parallel initiatives should participate on the steering and coordi- nation committees of the DDR funding structure, even though the actual administration and management of funds takes place outside this framework. This will avoid duplication of efforts and ensure a link to operational coordination, and enable the development of an aggregated\/consolidated overall budget and work plan for DDR. Normal parallel funding mechanisms include the following: \\n Mission financing: Although the UN peacekeeping mission is a key component of the overall UN integrated structure for DDR, its main funding mechanism (assessed contri- butions) is managed directly by the mission itself in coordination with DPKO Head- quarters, and cannot be integrated fully into the DDR funding structure. For this reason, it should be considered a parallel funding mechanism, even though the DDR funding structure decides how funds are used and managed; \\n Parallel agency funds: Certain agencies might have programmes that could support DDR activities (e.g., food assistance for ex-combatants as part of a broader food assistance programme), or even DDR projects that fall outside the overall integrated programme framework; \\n Bilateral assistance funds: Some donors, particularly those whose bilateral aid agencies are active on post-conflict and\/or DDR issues (such as USAID, DFID, CIDA, etc.) might choose to finance programmes that are parallel to integrated efforts, and which are directly implemented by national or sub-national partners. In this context, it is important to ensure that these donors are active participants in DDR and the funding structures involved, and to ensure adequate operational coordination (particularly to ensure that the intended geographic areas and beneficiaries are covered by the programme).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":465, "Sentence":"Structurally, stakeholders involved in parallel initiatives should participate on the steering and coordi- nation committees of the DDR funding structure, even though the actual administration and management of funds takes place outside this framework.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting structurally stakeholder involved parallel initiative participate steering coordi nation committee ddr funding structure even though actual administration management fund take place outside framework ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.4. Linking parallel funding mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Given the complexity and scope of DDR interventions, as well as the range of stakeholders involved, parallel initiatives, both UN and non-UN, are inevitable. Links shall be created between the national and UN DDR frameworks to ensure that these do not duplicate or otherwise affect overall coherence. The basic requirement of good coordination between integrated and parallel processes is an agreement on common strategic, planning and policy frameworks, which should be based on national policy priorities, if they exist. Structurally, stakeholders involved in parallel initiatives should participate on the steering and coordi- nation committees of the DDR funding structure, even though the actual administration and management of funds takes place outside this framework. This will avoid duplication of efforts and ensure a link to operational coordination, and enable the development of an aggregated\/consolidated overall budget and work plan for DDR. Normal parallel funding mechanisms include the following: \\n Mission financing: Although the UN peacekeeping mission is a key component of the overall UN integrated structure for DDR, its main funding mechanism (assessed contri- butions) is managed directly by the mission itself in coordination with DPKO Head- quarters, and cannot be integrated fully into the DDR funding structure. For this reason, it should be considered a parallel funding mechanism, even though the DDR funding structure decides how funds are used and managed; \\n Parallel agency funds: Certain agencies might have programmes that could support DDR activities (e.g., food assistance for ex-combatants as part of a broader food assistance programme), or even DDR projects that fall outside the overall integrated programme framework; \\n Bilateral assistance funds: Some donors, particularly those whose bilateral aid agencies are active on post-conflict and\/or DDR issues (such as USAID, DFID, CIDA, etc.) might choose to finance programmes that are parallel to integrated efforts, and which are directly implemented by national or sub-national partners. In this context, it is important to ensure that these donors are active participants in DDR and the funding structures involved, and to ensure adequate operational coordination (particularly to ensure that the intended geographic areas and beneficiaries are covered by the programme).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":465, "Sentence":"This will avoid duplication of efforts and ensure a link to operational coordination, and enable the development of an aggregated\/consolidated overall budget and work plan for DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting avoid duplication effort ensure link operational coordination enable development aggregated\/consolidated overall budget work plan ddr ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.4. Linking parallel funding mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Given the complexity and scope of DDR interventions, as well as the range of stakeholders involved, parallel initiatives, both UN and non-UN, are inevitable. Links shall be created between the national and UN DDR frameworks to ensure that these do not duplicate or otherwise affect overall coherence. The basic requirement of good coordination between integrated and parallel processes is an agreement on common strategic, planning and policy frameworks, which should be based on national policy priorities, if they exist. Structurally, stakeholders involved in parallel initiatives should participate on the steering and coordi- nation committees of the DDR funding structure, even though the actual administration and management of funds takes place outside this framework. This will avoid duplication of efforts and ensure a link to operational coordination, and enable the development of an aggregated\/consolidated overall budget and work plan for DDR. Normal parallel funding mechanisms include the following: \\n Mission financing: Although the UN peacekeeping mission is a key component of the overall UN integrated structure for DDR, its main funding mechanism (assessed contri- butions) is managed directly by the mission itself in coordination with DPKO Head- quarters, and cannot be integrated fully into the DDR funding structure. For this reason, it should be considered a parallel funding mechanism, even though the DDR funding structure decides how funds are used and managed; \\n Parallel agency funds: Certain agencies might have programmes that could support DDR activities (e.g., food assistance for ex-combatants as part of a broader food assistance programme), or even DDR projects that fall outside the overall integrated programme framework; \\n Bilateral assistance funds: Some donors, particularly those whose bilateral aid agencies are active on post-conflict and\/or DDR issues (such as USAID, DFID, CIDA, etc.) might choose to finance programmes that are parallel to integrated efforts, and which are directly implemented by national or sub-national partners. In this context, it is important to ensure that these donors are active participants in DDR and the funding structures involved, and to ensure adequate operational coordination (particularly to ensure that the intended geographic areas and beneficiaries are covered by the programme).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":465, "Sentence":"Normal parallel funding mechanisms include the following: \\n Mission financing: Although the UN peacekeeping mission is a key component of the overall UN integrated structure for DDR, its main funding mechanism (assessed contri- butions) is managed directly by the mission itself in coordination with DPKO Head- quarters, and cannot be integrated fully into the DDR funding structure.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting normal parallel funding mechanism include following n mission financing although un peacekeeping mission key component overall un integrated structure ddr main funding mechanism assessed contri butions managed directly mission coordination dpko head quarter integrated fully ddr funding structure ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.4. Linking parallel funding mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Given the complexity and scope of DDR interventions, as well as the range of stakeholders involved, parallel initiatives, both UN and non-UN, are inevitable. Links shall be created between the national and UN DDR frameworks to ensure that these do not duplicate or otherwise affect overall coherence. The basic requirement of good coordination between integrated and parallel processes is an agreement on common strategic, planning and policy frameworks, which should be based on national policy priorities, if they exist. Structurally, stakeholders involved in parallel initiatives should participate on the steering and coordi- nation committees of the DDR funding structure, even though the actual administration and management of funds takes place outside this framework. This will avoid duplication of efforts and ensure a link to operational coordination, and enable the development of an aggregated\/consolidated overall budget and work plan for DDR. Normal parallel funding mechanisms include the following: \\n Mission financing: Although the UN peacekeeping mission is a key component of the overall UN integrated structure for DDR, its main funding mechanism (assessed contri- butions) is managed directly by the mission itself in coordination with DPKO Head- quarters, and cannot be integrated fully into the DDR funding structure. For this reason, it should be considered a parallel funding mechanism, even though the DDR funding structure decides how funds are used and managed; \\n Parallel agency funds: Certain agencies might have programmes that could support DDR activities (e.g., food assistance for ex-combatants as part of a broader food assistance programme), or even DDR projects that fall outside the overall integrated programme framework; \\n Bilateral assistance funds: Some donors, particularly those whose bilateral aid agencies are active on post-conflict and\/or DDR issues (such as USAID, DFID, CIDA, etc.) might choose to finance programmes that are parallel to integrated efforts, and which are directly implemented by national or sub-national partners. In this context, it is important to ensure that these donors are active participants in DDR and the funding structures involved, and to ensure adequate operational coordination (particularly to ensure that the intended geographic areas and beneficiaries are covered by the programme).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":465, "Sentence":"For this reason, it should be considered a parallel funding mechanism, even though the DDR funding structure decides how funds are used and managed; \\n Parallel agency funds: Certain agencies might have programmes that could support DDR activities (e.g., food assistance for ex-combatants as part of a broader food assistance programme), or even DDR projects that fall outside the overall integrated programme framework; \\n Bilateral assistance funds: Some donors, particularly those whose bilateral aid agencies are active on post-conflict and\/or DDR issues (such as USAID, DFID, CIDA, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting reason considered parallel funding mechanism even though ddr funding structure decides fund used managed n parallel agency fund certain agency might programme could support ddr activity e.g . food assistance excombatants part broader food assistance programme even ddr project fall outside overall integrated programme framework n bilateral assistance fund donor particularly whose bilateral aid agency active postconflict and\/or ddr issue usaid dfid cida etc ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.4. Linking parallel funding mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Given the complexity and scope of DDR interventions, as well as the range of stakeholders involved, parallel initiatives, both UN and non-UN, are inevitable. Links shall be created between the national and UN DDR frameworks to ensure that these do not duplicate or otherwise affect overall coherence. The basic requirement of good coordination between integrated and parallel processes is an agreement on common strategic, planning and policy frameworks, which should be based on national policy priorities, if they exist. Structurally, stakeholders involved in parallel initiatives should participate on the steering and coordi- nation committees of the DDR funding structure, even though the actual administration and management of funds takes place outside this framework. This will avoid duplication of efforts and ensure a link to operational coordination, and enable the development of an aggregated\/consolidated overall budget and work plan for DDR. Normal parallel funding mechanisms include the following: \\n Mission financing: Although the UN peacekeeping mission is a key component of the overall UN integrated structure for DDR, its main funding mechanism (assessed contri- butions) is managed directly by the mission itself in coordination with DPKO Head- quarters, and cannot be integrated fully into the DDR funding structure. For this reason, it should be considered a parallel funding mechanism, even though the DDR funding structure decides how funds are used and managed; \\n Parallel agency funds: Certain agencies might have programmes that could support DDR activities (e.g., food assistance for ex-combatants as part of a broader food assistance programme), or even DDR projects that fall outside the overall integrated programme framework; \\n Bilateral assistance funds: Some donors, particularly those whose bilateral aid agencies are active on post-conflict and\/or DDR issues (such as USAID, DFID, CIDA, etc.) might choose to finance programmes that are parallel to integrated efforts, and which are directly implemented by national or sub-national partners. In this context, it is important to ensure that these donors are active participants in DDR and the funding structures involved, and to ensure adequate operational coordination (particularly to ensure that the intended geographic areas and beneficiaries are covered by the programme).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":465, "Sentence":"might choose to finance programmes that are parallel to integrated efforts, and which are directly implemented by national or sub-national partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting might choose finance programme parallel integrated effort directly implemented national subnational partner ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.4. Linking parallel funding mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Given the complexity and scope of DDR interventions, as well as the range of stakeholders involved, parallel initiatives, both UN and non-UN, are inevitable. Links shall be created between the national and UN DDR frameworks to ensure that these do not duplicate or otherwise affect overall coherence. The basic requirement of good coordination between integrated and parallel processes is an agreement on common strategic, planning and policy frameworks, which should be based on national policy priorities, if they exist. Structurally, stakeholders involved in parallel initiatives should participate on the steering and coordi- nation committees of the DDR funding structure, even though the actual administration and management of funds takes place outside this framework. This will avoid duplication of efforts and ensure a link to operational coordination, and enable the development of an aggregated\/consolidated overall budget and work plan for DDR. Normal parallel funding mechanisms include the following: \\n Mission financing: Although the UN peacekeeping mission is a key component of the overall UN integrated structure for DDR, its main funding mechanism (assessed contri- butions) is managed directly by the mission itself in coordination with DPKO Head- quarters, and cannot be integrated fully into the DDR funding structure. For this reason, it should be considered a parallel funding mechanism, even though the DDR funding structure decides how funds are used and managed; \\n Parallel agency funds: Certain agencies might have programmes that could support DDR activities (e.g., food assistance for ex-combatants as part of a broader food assistance programme), or even DDR projects that fall outside the overall integrated programme framework; \\n Bilateral assistance funds: Some donors, particularly those whose bilateral aid agencies are active on post-conflict and\/or DDR issues (such as USAID, DFID, CIDA, etc.) might choose to finance programmes that are parallel to integrated efforts, and which are directly implemented by national or sub-national partners. In this context, it is important to ensure that these donors are active participants in DDR and the funding structures involved, and to ensure adequate operational coordination (particularly to ensure that the intended geographic areas and beneficiaries are covered by the programme).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":465, "Sentence":"In this context, it is important to ensure that these donors are active participants in DDR and the funding structures involved, and to ensure adequate operational coordination (particularly to ensure that the intended geographic areas and beneficiaries are covered by the programme).", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting context important ensure donor active participant ddr funding structure involved ensure adequate operational coordination particularly ensure intended geographic area beneficiary covered programme ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Mechanisms for receiving and managing funds include the following:In the area of DDR, both the UN (through UNDP) and the World Bank have established and managed trust funds. Experience has shown that the use of trust funds for DDR offers several advantages, including: \\n the ability to rapidly mobilize and disburse voluntary funding (especially where up- front financing is available); \\n decentralized decision-making and management systems (where trust funds are country- specific); \\n the capacity to ensure broad national oversight and ownership, through national leader- ship of the trust fund governance structure; \\n the capacity to ensure sustainability and continuity (by not being linked to the opera- tional presence of any one organization); \\n unified donor coordination and funding structures so that gaps and duplication in funding, and inconsistency in policy advice, are avoided; \\n implementation and funding methods that create transparency and accountability and bring about efficient and prompt delivery.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":466, "Sentence":"Mechanisms for receiving and managing funds include the following:In the area of DDR, both the UN (through UNDP) and the World Bank have established and managed trust funds.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting mechanism receiving managing fund include followingin area ddr un undp world bank established managed trust fund ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Mechanisms for receiving and managing funds include the following:In the area of DDR, both the UN (through UNDP) and the World Bank have established and managed trust funds. Experience has shown that the use of trust funds for DDR offers several advantages, including: \\n the ability to rapidly mobilize and disburse voluntary funding (especially where up- front financing is available); \\n decentralized decision-making and management systems (where trust funds are country- specific); \\n the capacity to ensure broad national oversight and ownership, through national leader- ship of the trust fund governance structure; \\n the capacity to ensure sustainability and continuity (by not being linked to the opera- tional presence of any one organization); \\n unified donor coordination and funding structures so that gaps and duplication in funding, and inconsistency in policy advice, are avoided; \\n implementation and funding methods that create transparency and accountability and bring about efficient and prompt delivery.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":466, "Sentence":"Experience has shown that the use of trust funds for DDR offers several advantages, including: \\n the ability to rapidly mobilize and disburse voluntary funding (especially where up- front financing is available); \\n decentralized decision-making and management systems (where trust funds are country- specific); \\n the capacity to ensure broad national oversight and ownership, through national leader- ship of the trust fund governance structure; \\n the capacity to ensure sustainability and continuity (by not being linked to the opera- tional presence of any one organization); \\n unified donor coordination and funding structures so that gaps and duplication in funding, and inconsistency in policy advice, are avoided; \\n implementation and funding methods that create transparency and accountability and bring about efficient and prompt delivery.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting experience shown use trust fund ddr offer several advantage including n ability rapidly mobilize disburse voluntary funding especially front financing available n decentralized decisionmaking management system trust fund country specific n capacity ensure broad national oversight ownership national leader ship trust fund governance structure n capacity ensure sustainability continuity linked opera tional presence one organization n unified donor coordination funding structure gap duplication funding inconsistency policy advice avoided n implementation funding method create transparency accountability bring efficient prompt delivery ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"13.5.1. Pooled funding", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Under this option, participating UN organizations pool funds together within one UN organization, chosen jointly by the coordination committee of the DDR financial management structure, which will assume the responsibility of administering the funds. This organization, known as the administrative agent (AA), will support the partners authorized to manage and implement the joint programme of activities identified for these funds. Programme and financial accountability for the UN support to the joint programme will rest with the AA. This fund management option is likely to be the most effective and efficient when participating UN organizations work for the same results with a common national or sub- national partner (e.g., department, provincial office, NGO) and\/or in the same geographical area (see Annex D.1).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":467, "Sentence":"Under this option, participating UN organizations pool funds together within one UN organization, chosen jointly by the coordination committee of the DDR financial management structure, which will assume the responsibility of administering the funds.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting option participating un organization pool fund together within one un organization chosen jointly coordination committee ddr financial management structure assume responsibility administering fund ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"13.5.1. Pooled funding", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Under this option, participating UN organizations pool funds together within one UN organization, chosen jointly by the coordination committee of the DDR financial management structure, which will assume the responsibility of administering the funds. This organization, known as the administrative agent (AA), will support the partners authorized to manage and implement the joint programme of activities identified for these funds. Programme and financial accountability for the UN support to the joint programme will rest with the AA. This fund management option is likely to be the most effective and efficient when participating UN organizations work for the same results with a common national or sub- national partner (e.g., department, provincial office, NGO) and\/or in the same geographical area (see Annex D.1).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":467, "Sentence":"This organization, known as the administrative agent (AA), will support the partners authorized to manage and implement the joint programme of activities identified for these funds.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting organization known administrative agent aa support partner authorized manage implement joint programme activity identified fund ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"13.5.1. Pooled funding", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Under this option, participating UN organizations pool funds together within one UN organization, chosen jointly by the coordination committee of the DDR financial management structure, which will assume the responsibility of administering the funds. This organization, known as the administrative agent (AA), will support the partners authorized to manage and implement the joint programme of activities identified for these funds. Programme and financial accountability for the UN support to the joint programme will rest with the AA. This fund management option is likely to be the most effective and efficient when participating UN organizations work for the same results with a common national or sub- national partner (e.g., department, provincial office, NGO) and\/or in the same geographical area (see Annex D.1).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":467, "Sentence":"Programme and financial accountability for the UN support to the joint programme will rest with the AA.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting programme financial accountability un support joint programme rest aa ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"13.5.1. Pooled funding", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Under this option, participating UN organizations pool funds together within one UN organization, chosen jointly by the coordination committee of the DDR financial management structure, which will assume the responsibility of administering the funds. This organization, known as the administrative agent (AA), will support the partners authorized to manage and implement the joint programme of activities identified for these funds. Programme and financial accountability for the UN support to the joint programme will rest with the AA. This fund management option is likely to be the most effective and efficient when participating UN organizations work for the same results with a common national or sub- national partner (e.g., department, provincial office, NGO) and\/or in the same geographical area (see Annex D.1).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":467, "Sentence":"This fund management option is likely to be the most effective and efficient when participating UN organizations work for the same results with a common national or sub- national partner (e.g., department, provincial office, NGO) and\/or in the same geographical area (see Annex D.1).", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting fund management option likely effective efficient participating un organization work result common national sub national partner e.g . department provincial office ngo and\/or geographical area see annex d.1 ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"13.5.2. Pass-through funding", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"If the integrated DDR programme is made operational through an association between activi- ties and projects to be implemented and\/or managed by identified UN agencies or other partners, funding can be still be channelled through a central mechanism. If the donor(s) and participating UN organizations agree to channel the funds through one participating UN organization, then the pass-through method is used. In such a case, the AA would be jointly selected by the DDR coordination committee. Programmatic and financial account- ability should then rest with the participating organizations and (sub-)national partners that are managing their respective components of the joint programme. This approach has the advantage of allowing funding of DDR on the basis of an agreed-upon division of labour within the UN system (see Annex D.2).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":468, "Sentence":"If the integrated DDR programme is made operational through an association between activi- ties and projects to be implemented and\/or managed by identified UN agencies or other partners, funding can be still be channelled through a central mechanism.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting integrated ddr programme made operational association activi tie project implemented and\/or managed identified un agency partner funding still channelled central mechanism ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"13.5.2. Pass-through funding", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"If the integrated DDR programme is made operational through an association between activi- ties and projects to be implemented and\/or managed by identified UN agencies or other partners, funding can be still be channelled through a central mechanism. If the donor(s) and participating UN organizations agree to channel the funds through one participating UN organization, then the pass-through method is used. In such a case, the AA would be jointly selected by the DDR coordination committee. Programmatic and financial account- ability should then rest with the participating organizations and (sub-)national partners that are managing their respective components of the joint programme. This approach has the advantage of allowing funding of DDR on the basis of an agreed-upon division of labour within the UN system (see Annex D.2).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":468, "Sentence":"If the donor(s) and participating UN organizations agree to channel the funds through one participating UN organization, then the pass-through method is used.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting donor participating un organization agree channel fund one participating un organization passthrough method used ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"13.5.2. Pass-through funding", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"If the integrated DDR programme is made operational through an association between activi- ties and projects to be implemented and\/or managed by identified UN agencies or other partners, funding can be still be channelled through a central mechanism. If the donor(s) and participating UN organizations agree to channel the funds through one participating UN organization, then the pass-through method is used. In such a case, the AA would be jointly selected by the DDR coordination committee. Programmatic and financial account- ability should then rest with the participating organizations and (sub-)national partners that are managing their respective components of the joint programme. This approach has the advantage of allowing funding of DDR on the basis of an agreed-upon division of labour within the UN system (see Annex D.2).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":468, "Sentence":"In such a case, the AA would be jointly selected by the DDR coordination committee.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting case aa would jointly selected ddr coordination committee ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"13.5.2. Pass-through funding", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"If the integrated DDR programme is made operational through an association between activi- ties and projects to be implemented and\/or managed by identified UN agencies or other partners, funding can be still be channelled through a central mechanism. If the donor(s) and participating UN organizations agree to channel the funds through one participating UN organization, then the pass-through method is used. In such a case, the AA would be jointly selected by the DDR coordination committee. Programmatic and financial account- ability should then rest with the participating organizations and (sub-)national partners that are managing their respective components of the joint programme. This approach has the advantage of allowing funding of DDR on the basis of an agreed-upon division of labour within the UN system (see Annex D.2).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":468, "Sentence":"Programmatic and financial account- ability should then rest with the participating organizations and (sub-)national partners that are managing their respective components of the joint programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting programmatic financial account ability rest participating organization subnational partner managing respective component joint programme ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"13.5.2. Pass-through funding", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"If the integrated DDR programme is made operational through an association between activi- ties and projects to be implemented and\/or managed by identified UN agencies or other partners, funding can be still be channelled through a central mechanism. If the donor(s) and participating UN organizations agree to channel the funds through one participating UN organization, then the pass-through method is used. In such a case, the AA would be jointly selected by the DDR coordination committee. Programmatic and financial account- ability should then rest with the participating organizations and (sub-)national partners that are managing their respective components of the joint programme. This approach has the advantage of allowing funding of DDR on the basis of an agreed-upon division of labour within the UN system (see Annex D.2).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":468, "Sentence":"This approach has the advantage of allowing funding of DDR on the basis of an agreed-upon division of labour within the UN system (see Annex D.2).", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting approach advantage allowing funding ddr basis agreedupon division labour within un system see annex d.2 ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"13.5.3. Cost-sharing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Cost-sharing is a procedure for receiving and managing funds for objectives, activities and results within a specific project or programme managed by a single UN agency. Given the relatively higher transaction costs involved in these arrangements, cost-sharing should be used exclusively for: specialized projects not foreseen in the initial programme document; smaller projects for implementation before the main funding mechanisms are established; funding with special arrangements; and projects that serve as a bridge to other processes and programmes and, therefore, require different management arrangements. Although funding is tied to specific projects and UN agencies in this method, its use should nonetheless be governed by the DDR coordination committee and the applicable criteria, procedures and reporting requirements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":469, "Sentence":"Cost-sharing is a procedure for receiving and managing funds for objectives, activities and results within a specific project or programme managed by a single UN agency.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting costsharing procedure receiving managing fund objective activity result within specific project programme managed single un agency ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"13.5.3. Cost-sharing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Cost-sharing is a procedure for receiving and managing funds for objectives, activities and results within a specific project or programme managed by a single UN agency. Given the relatively higher transaction costs involved in these arrangements, cost-sharing should be used exclusively for: specialized projects not foreseen in the initial programme document; smaller projects for implementation before the main funding mechanisms are established; funding with special arrangements; and projects that serve as a bridge to other processes and programmes and, therefore, require different management arrangements. Although funding is tied to specific projects and UN agencies in this method, its use should nonetheless be governed by the DDR coordination committee and the applicable criteria, procedures and reporting requirements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":469, "Sentence":"Given the relatively higher transaction costs involved in these arrangements, cost-sharing should be used exclusively for: specialized projects not foreseen in the initial programme document; smaller projects for implementation before the main funding mechanisms are established; funding with special arrangements; and projects that serve as a bridge to other processes and programmes and, therefore, require different management arrangements.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting given relatively higher transaction cost involved arrangement costsharing used exclusively specialized project foreseen initial programme document smaller project implementation main funding mechanism established funding special arrangement project serve bridge process programme therefore require different management arrangement ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"13.5.3. Cost-sharing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Cost-sharing is a procedure for receiving and managing funds for objectives, activities and results within a specific project or programme managed by a single UN agency. Given the relatively higher transaction costs involved in these arrangements, cost-sharing should be used exclusively for: specialized projects not foreseen in the initial programme document; smaller projects for implementation before the main funding mechanisms are established; funding with special arrangements; and projects that serve as a bridge to other processes and programmes and, therefore, require different management arrangements. Although funding is tied to specific projects and UN agencies in this method, its use should nonetheless be governed by the DDR coordination committee and the applicable criteria, procedures and reporting requirements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":469, "Sentence":"Although funding is tied to specific projects and UN agencies in this method, its use should nonetheless be governed by the DDR coordination committee and the applicable criteria, procedures and reporting requirements.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting although funding tied specific project un agency method use nonetheless governed ddr coordination committee applicable criterion procedure reporting requirement ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"13.5.4.Trust funds", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A trust fund is a mechanism used to receive and manage donor funds to achieve a broad aim as opposed to carrying out a specific project. As such, it is established as a separate accounting entity with a designated trust fund manager (an AA, in this case), as well as a governance structure that decides on the allocation of received funding, and is responsible for monitoring and evaluating how funds have been used. When located within an overall funding structure, these structures would be linked or merged with the coordination com- mittee and its respective subsidiary organs. In general, funds channeled through a trust fund are not initially allocated to a particular project and can therefore later be allocated to spe- cific projects or activities working to achieve the broad aim of the programme, based on the discretion of the DDR funding structure and the programme of work the trust fund is supposed to support, which can be a part of the overall DDR programme (e.g., covering reintegration activities specifically).A trust fund is a mechanism used to receive and manage donor funds to achieve a broad aim as opposed to carrying out a specific project. As such, it is established as a separate accounting entity with a designated trust fund manager (an AA, in this case), as well as a governance structure that decides on the allocation of received funding, and is responsible for monitoring and evaluating how funds have been used. When located within an overall funding structure, these structures would be linked or merged with the coordination com- mittee and its respective subsidiary organs. In general, funds channeled through a trust fund are not initially allocated to a particular project and can therefore later be allocated to spe- cific projects or activities working to achieve the broad aim of the programme, based on the discretion of the DDR funding structure and the programme of work the trust fund is supposed to support, which can be a part of the overall DDR programme (e.g., covering reintegration activities specifically).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":470, "Sentence":"A trust fund is a mechanism used to receive and manage donor funds to achieve a broad aim as opposed to carrying out a specific project.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting trust fund mechanism used receive manage donor fund achieve broad aim opposed carrying specific project ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"13.5.4.Trust funds", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A trust fund is a mechanism used to receive and manage donor funds to achieve a broad aim as opposed to carrying out a specific project. As such, it is established as a separate accounting entity with a designated trust fund manager (an AA, in this case), as well as a governance structure that decides on the allocation of received funding, and is responsible for monitoring and evaluating how funds have been used. When located within an overall funding structure, these structures would be linked or merged with the coordination com- mittee and its respective subsidiary organs. In general, funds channeled through a trust fund are not initially allocated to a particular project and can therefore later be allocated to spe- cific projects or activities working to achieve the broad aim of the programme, based on the discretion of the DDR funding structure and the programme of work the trust fund is supposed to support, which can be a part of the overall DDR programme (e.g., covering reintegration activities specifically).A trust fund is a mechanism used to receive and manage donor funds to achieve a broad aim as opposed to carrying out a specific project. As such, it is established as a separate accounting entity with a designated trust fund manager (an AA, in this case), as well as a governance structure that decides on the allocation of received funding, and is responsible for monitoring and evaluating how funds have been used. When located within an overall funding structure, these structures would be linked or merged with the coordination com- mittee and its respective subsidiary organs. In general, funds channeled through a trust fund are not initially allocated to a particular project and can therefore later be allocated to spe- cific projects or activities working to achieve the broad aim of the programme, based on the discretion of the DDR funding structure and the programme of work the trust fund is supposed to support, which can be a part of the overall DDR programme (e.g., covering reintegration activities specifically).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":470, "Sentence":"As such, it is established as a separate accounting entity with a designated trust fund manager (an AA, in this case), as well as a governance structure that decides on the allocation of received funding, and is responsible for monitoring and evaluating how funds have been used.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting established separate accounting entity designated trust fund manager aa case well governance structure decides allocation received funding responsible monitoring evaluating fund used ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"13.5.4.Trust funds", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A trust fund is a mechanism used to receive and manage donor funds to achieve a broad aim as opposed to carrying out a specific project. As such, it is established as a separate accounting entity with a designated trust fund manager (an AA, in this case), as well as a governance structure that decides on the allocation of received funding, and is responsible for monitoring and evaluating how funds have been used. When located within an overall funding structure, these structures would be linked or merged with the coordination com- mittee and its respective subsidiary organs. In general, funds channeled through a trust fund are not initially allocated to a particular project and can therefore later be allocated to spe- cific projects or activities working to achieve the broad aim of the programme, based on the discretion of the DDR funding structure and the programme of work the trust fund is supposed to support, which can be a part of the overall DDR programme (e.g., covering reintegration activities specifically).A trust fund is a mechanism used to receive and manage donor funds to achieve a broad aim as opposed to carrying out a specific project. As such, it is established as a separate accounting entity with a designated trust fund manager (an AA, in this case), as well as a governance structure that decides on the allocation of received funding, and is responsible for monitoring and evaluating how funds have been used. When located within an overall funding structure, these structures would be linked or merged with the coordination com- mittee and its respective subsidiary organs. In general, funds channeled through a trust fund are not initially allocated to a particular project and can therefore later be allocated to spe- cific projects or activities working to achieve the broad aim of the programme, based on the discretion of the DDR funding structure and the programme of work the trust fund is supposed to support, which can be a part of the overall DDR programme (e.g., covering reintegration activities specifically).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":470, "Sentence":"When located within an overall funding structure, these structures would be linked or merged with the coordination com- mittee and its respective subsidiary organs.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting located within overall funding structure structure would linked merged coordination com mittee respective subsidiary organ ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"13.5.4.Trust funds", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A trust fund is a mechanism used to receive and manage donor funds to achieve a broad aim as opposed to carrying out a specific project. As such, it is established as a separate accounting entity with a designated trust fund manager (an AA, in this case), as well as a governance structure that decides on the allocation of received funding, and is responsible for monitoring and evaluating how funds have been used. When located within an overall funding structure, these structures would be linked or merged with the coordination com- mittee and its respective subsidiary organs. In general, funds channeled through a trust fund are not initially allocated to a particular project and can therefore later be allocated to spe- cific projects or activities working to achieve the broad aim of the programme, based on the discretion of the DDR funding structure and the programme of work the trust fund is supposed to support, which can be a part of the overall DDR programme (e.g., covering reintegration activities specifically).A trust fund is a mechanism used to receive and manage donor funds to achieve a broad aim as opposed to carrying out a specific project. As such, it is established as a separate accounting entity with a designated trust fund manager (an AA, in this case), as well as a governance structure that decides on the allocation of received funding, and is responsible for monitoring and evaluating how funds have been used. When located within an overall funding structure, these structures would be linked or merged with the coordination com- mittee and its respective subsidiary organs. In general, funds channeled through a trust fund are not initially allocated to a particular project and can therefore later be allocated to spe- cific projects or activities working to achieve the broad aim of the programme, based on the discretion of the DDR funding structure and the programme of work the trust fund is supposed to support, which can be a part of the overall DDR programme (e.g., covering reintegration activities specifically).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":470, "Sentence":"In general, funds channeled through a trust fund are not initially allocated to a particular project and can therefore later be allocated to spe- cific projects or activities working to achieve the broad aim of the programme, based on the discretion of the DDR funding structure and the programme of work the trust fund is supposed to support, which can be a part of the overall DDR programme (e.g., covering reintegration activities specifically).A trust fund is a mechanism used to receive and manage donor funds to achieve a broad aim as opposed to carrying out a specific project.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting general fund channeled trust fund initially allocated particular project therefore later allocated spe cific project activity working achieve broad aim programme based discretion ddr funding structure programme work trust fund supposed support part overall ddr programme e.g . covering reintegration activity specifically.a trust fund mechanism used receive manage donor fund achieve broad aim opposed carrying specific project ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"13.5.4.Trust funds", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A trust fund is a mechanism used to receive and manage donor funds to achieve a broad aim as opposed to carrying out a specific project. As such, it is established as a separate accounting entity with a designated trust fund manager (an AA, in this case), as well as a governance structure that decides on the allocation of received funding, and is responsible for monitoring and evaluating how funds have been used. When located within an overall funding structure, these structures would be linked or merged with the coordination com- mittee and its respective subsidiary organs. In general, funds channeled through a trust fund are not initially allocated to a particular project and can therefore later be allocated to spe- cific projects or activities working to achieve the broad aim of the programme, based on the discretion of the DDR funding structure and the programme of work the trust fund is supposed to support, which can be a part of the overall DDR programme (e.g., covering reintegration activities specifically).A trust fund is a mechanism used to receive and manage donor funds to achieve a broad aim as opposed to carrying out a specific project. As such, it is established as a separate accounting entity with a designated trust fund manager (an AA, in this case), as well as a governance structure that decides on the allocation of received funding, and is responsible for monitoring and evaluating how funds have been used. When located within an overall funding structure, these structures would be linked or merged with the coordination com- mittee and its respective subsidiary organs. In general, funds channeled through a trust fund are not initially allocated to a particular project and can therefore later be allocated to spe- cific projects or activities working to achieve the broad aim of the programme, based on the discretion of the DDR funding structure and the programme of work the trust fund is supposed to support, which can be a part of the overall DDR programme (e.g., covering reintegration activities specifically).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":470, "Sentence":"As such, it is established as a separate accounting entity with a designated trust fund manager (an AA, in this case), as well as a governance structure that decides on the allocation of received funding, and is responsible for monitoring and evaluating how funds have been used.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting established separate accounting entity designated trust fund manager aa case well governance structure decides allocation received funding responsible monitoring evaluating fund used ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"13.5.4.Trust funds", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A trust fund is a mechanism used to receive and manage donor funds to achieve a broad aim as opposed to carrying out a specific project. As such, it is established as a separate accounting entity with a designated trust fund manager (an AA, in this case), as well as a governance structure that decides on the allocation of received funding, and is responsible for monitoring and evaluating how funds have been used. When located within an overall funding structure, these structures would be linked or merged with the coordination com- mittee and its respective subsidiary organs. In general, funds channeled through a trust fund are not initially allocated to a particular project and can therefore later be allocated to spe- cific projects or activities working to achieve the broad aim of the programme, based on the discretion of the DDR funding structure and the programme of work the trust fund is supposed to support, which can be a part of the overall DDR programme (e.g., covering reintegration activities specifically).A trust fund is a mechanism used to receive and manage donor funds to achieve a broad aim as opposed to carrying out a specific project. As such, it is established as a separate accounting entity with a designated trust fund manager (an AA, in this case), as well as a governance structure that decides on the allocation of received funding, and is responsible for monitoring and evaluating how funds have been used. When located within an overall funding structure, these structures would be linked or merged with the coordination com- mittee and its respective subsidiary organs. In general, funds channeled through a trust fund are not initially allocated to a particular project and can therefore later be allocated to spe- cific projects or activities working to achieve the broad aim of the programme, based on the discretion of the DDR funding structure and the programme of work the trust fund is supposed to support, which can be a part of the overall DDR programme (e.g., covering reintegration activities specifically).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":470, "Sentence":"When located within an overall funding structure, these structures would be linked or merged with the coordination com- mittee and its respective subsidiary organs.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting located within overall funding structure structure would linked merged coordination com mittee respective subsidiary organ ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods", "Heading3":"13.5.4.Trust funds", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"A trust fund is a mechanism used to receive and manage donor funds to achieve a broad aim as opposed to carrying out a specific project. As such, it is established as a separate accounting entity with a designated trust fund manager (an AA, in this case), as well as a governance structure that decides on the allocation of received funding, and is responsible for monitoring and evaluating how funds have been used. When located within an overall funding structure, these structures would be linked or merged with the coordination com- mittee and its respective subsidiary organs. In general, funds channeled through a trust fund are not initially allocated to a particular project and can therefore later be allocated to spe- cific projects or activities working to achieve the broad aim of the programme, based on the discretion of the DDR funding structure and the programme of work the trust fund is supposed to support, which can be a part of the overall DDR programme (e.g., covering reintegration activities specifically).A trust fund is a mechanism used to receive and manage donor funds to achieve a broad aim as opposed to carrying out a specific project. As such, it is established as a separate accounting entity with a designated trust fund manager (an AA, in this case), as well as a governance structure that decides on the allocation of received funding, and is responsible for monitoring and evaluating how funds have been used. When located within an overall funding structure, these structures would be linked or merged with the coordination com- mittee and its respective subsidiary organs. In general, funds channeled through a trust fund are not initially allocated to a particular project and can therefore later be allocated to spe- cific projects or activities working to achieve the broad aim of the programme, based on the discretion of the DDR funding structure and the programme of work the trust fund is supposed to support, which can be a part of the overall DDR programme (e.g., covering reintegration activities specifically).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":470, "Sentence":"In general, funds channeled through a trust fund are not initially allocated to a particular project and can therefore later be allocated to spe- cific projects or activities working to achieve the broad aim of the programme, based on the discretion of the DDR funding structure and the programme of work the trust fund is supposed to support, which can be a part of the overall DDR programme (e.g., covering reintegration activities specifically).", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting general fund channeled trust fund initially allocated particular project therefore later allocated spe cific project activity working achieve broad aim programme based discretion ddr funding structure programme work trust fund supposed support part overall ddr programme e.g . covering reintegration activity specifically ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.6. Fund allocation criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Funds will be allocated on the basis of a set of criteria dealing with programme objectives, activities and results, among others, which will be used by the technical and project appraisal committees when they consider individual requests for funding by UN agencies and other implementing partners. Criteria can vary depending on the funding mechanism (e.g., a reintegration trust fund will consider only those proposals directly centred on reintegration). Generic categories of criteria can include: \\n links to the general thematic sector and\/or programme objective(s); \\n the capacity and demonstrated results of the proposing organization; \\n the strength of the technical proposal; \\n cost-efficiency; \\n the involvement of national and local stakeholders; \\n the results that can be achieved.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":471, "Sentence":"Funds will be allocated on the basis of a set of criteria dealing with programme objectives, activities and results, among others, which will be used by the technical and project appraisal committees when they consider individual requests for funding by UN agencies and other implementing partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting fund allocated basis set criterion dealing programme objective activity result among others used technical project appraisal committee consider individual request funding un agency implementing partner ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.6. Fund allocation criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Funds will be allocated on the basis of a set of criteria dealing with programme objectives, activities and results, among others, which will be used by the technical and project appraisal committees when they consider individual requests for funding by UN agencies and other implementing partners. Criteria can vary depending on the funding mechanism (e.g., a reintegration trust fund will consider only those proposals directly centred on reintegration). Generic categories of criteria can include: \\n links to the general thematic sector and\/or programme objective(s); \\n the capacity and demonstrated results of the proposing organization; \\n the strength of the technical proposal; \\n cost-efficiency; \\n the involvement of national and local stakeholders; \\n the results that can be achieved.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":471, "Sentence":"Criteria can vary depending on the funding mechanism (e.g., a reintegration trust fund will consider only those proposals directly centred on reintegration).", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting criterion vary depending funding mechanism e.g . reintegration trust fund consider proposal directly centred reintegration ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.6. Fund allocation criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Funds will be allocated on the basis of a set of criteria dealing with programme objectives, activities and results, among others, which will be used by the technical and project appraisal committees when they consider individual requests for funding by UN agencies and other implementing partners. Criteria can vary depending on the funding mechanism (e.g., a reintegration trust fund will consider only those proposals directly centred on reintegration). Generic categories of criteria can include: \\n links to the general thematic sector and\/or programme objective(s); \\n the capacity and demonstrated results of the proposing organization; \\n the strength of the technical proposal; \\n cost-efficiency; \\n the involvement of national and local stakeholders; \\n the results that can be achieved.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":471, "Sentence":"Generic categories of criteria can include: \\n links to the general thematic sector and\/or programme objective(s); \\n the capacity and demonstrated results of the proposing organization; \\n the strength of the technical proposal; \\n cost-efficiency; \\n the involvement of national and local stakeholders; \\n the results that can be achieved.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting generic category criterion include n link general thematic sector and\/or programme objective n capacity demonstrated result proposing organization n strength technical proposal n costefficiency n involvement national local stakeholder n result achieved ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.7. Coordination of planning, monitoring and reporting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"In order to ensure that the DDR funding structure reflects the overall strategic direction and substantive content of the integrated DDR programme, all funding decisions and criteria should be based, as far as possible, on the planning, results, and monitoring and evaluation frameworks of the DDR programme and action plan. For this reason, DDR planning and programme officers should participate at all levels of the fund management structure, and the same information management systems should be used. Changes to programme strat- egy should be immediately reflected in the way in which the funding structure is organized and approved by the key stakeholders involved. With respect to financial monitoring and reporting, the members of the funding facility secretariat should maintain close links with the monitoring and evaluation staff of the integrated DDR section, and use the same metho- dologies, frameworks and mechanisms as much as possible.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":472, "Sentence":"In order to ensure that the DDR funding structure reflects the overall strategic direction and substantive content of the integrated DDR programme, all funding decisions and criteria should be based, as far as possible, on the planning, results, and monitoring and evaluation frameworks of the DDR programme and action plan.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting order ensure ddr funding structure reflects overall strategic direction substantive content integrated ddr programme funding decision criterion based far possible planning result monitoring evaluation framework ddr programme action plan ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.7. Coordination of planning, monitoring and reporting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"In order to ensure that the DDR funding structure reflects the overall strategic direction and substantive content of the integrated DDR programme, all funding decisions and criteria should be based, as far as possible, on the planning, results, and monitoring and evaluation frameworks of the DDR programme and action plan. For this reason, DDR planning and programme officers should participate at all levels of the fund management structure, and the same information management systems should be used. Changes to programme strat- egy should be immediately reflected in the way in which the funding structure is organized and approved by the key stakeholders involved. With respect to financial monitoring and reporting, the members of the funding facility secretariat should maintain close links with the monitoring and evaluation staff of the integrated DDR section, and use the same metho- dologies, frameworks and mechanisms as much as possible.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":472, "Sentence":"For this reason, DDR planning and programme officers should participate at all levels of the fund management structure, and the same information management systems should be used.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting reason ddr planning programme officer participate level fund management structure information management system used ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.7. Coordination of planning, monitoring and reporting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"In order to ensure that the DDR funding structure reflects the overall strategic direction and substantive content of the integrated DDR programme, all funding decisions and criteria should be based, as far as possible, on the planning, results, and monitoring and evaluation frameworks of the DDR programme and action plan. For this reason, DDR planning and programme officers should participate at all levels of the fund management structure, and the same information management systems should be used. Changes to programme strat- egy should be immediately reflected in the way in which the funding structure is organized and approved by the key stakeholders involved. With respect to financial monitoring and reporting, the members of the funding facility secretariat should maintain close links with the monitoring and evaluation staff of the integrated DDR section, and use the same metho- dologies, frameworks and mechanisms as much as possible.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":472, "Sentence":"Changes to programme strat- egy should be immediately reflected in the way in which the funding structure is organized and approved by the key stakeholders involved.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting change programme strat egy immediately reflected way funding structure organized approved key stakeholder involved ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"13. Financial management", "Heading2":"13.7. Coordination of planning, monitoring and reporting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"In order to ensure that the DDR funding structure reflects the overall strategic direction and substantive content of the integrated DDR programme, all funding decisions and criteria should be based, as far as possible, on the planning, results, and monitoring and evaluation frameworks of the DDR programme and action plan. For this reason, DDR planning and programme officers should participate at all levels of the fund management structure, and the same information management systems should be used. Changes to programme strat- egy should be immediately reflected in the way in which the funding structure is organized and approved by the key stakeholders involved. With respect to financial monitoring and reporting, the members of the funding facility secretariat should maintain close links with the monitoring and evaluation staff of the integrated DDR section, and use the same metho- dologies, frameworks and mechanisms as much as possible.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":472, "Sentence":"With respect to financial monitoring and reporting, the members of the funding facility secretariat should maintain close links with the monitoring and evaluation staff of the integrated DDR section, and use the same metho- dologies, frameworks and mechanisms as much as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting respect financial monitoring reporting member funding facility secretariat maintain close link monitoring evaluation staff integrated ddr section use metho dologies framework mechanism much possible ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ): The advisory body that reviews the budgets of peacekeeping missions and makes recommendations to the Fifth (Administrative and Budgetary) Committee of the General Assembly \\n Peacekeeping assessed budget: The assessed financial contribution of Member States to the operating of the UN peacekeeping missions, based on a scale established by the General Assembly. \\n Results-based budgeting (RBB): A strategic planning framework that focuses on concrete objectives, expected accomplishments and indicators of achievement for the allocation of resources. As such, the RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (indicators of achievements). \\n Voluntary contributions: This is a form of financial support that Member States pledge (often in a donors\u2019 conference) and commit on a case-by-case basis to support programme implementation. Contributions can be made to UN or non-UN trust funds. At times, donors implement their contributions through their own bilateral aid agency or directly through NGOs.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":473, "Sentence":"Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ): The advisory body that reviews the budgets of peacekeeping missions and makes recommendations to the Fifth (Administrative and Budgetary) Committee of the General Assembly \\n Peacekeeping assessed budget: The assessed financial contribution of Member States to the operating of the UN peacekeeping missions, based on a scale established by the General Assembly.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting advisory committee administrative budgetary question acabq advisory body review budget peacekeeping mission make recommendation fifth administrative budgetary committee general assembly n peacekeeping assessed budget assessed financial contribution member state operating un peacekeeping mission based scale established general assembly ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ): The advisory body that reviews the budgets of peacekeeping missions and makes recommendations to the Fifth (Administrative and Budgetary) Committee of the General Assembly \\n Peacekeeping assessed budget: The assessed financial contribution of Member States to the operating of the UN peacekeeping missions, based on a scale established by the General Assembly. \\n Results-based budgeting (RBB): A strategic planning framework that focuses on concrete objectives, expected accomplishments and indicators of achievement for the allocation of resources. As such, the RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (indicators of achievements). \\n Voluntary contributions: This is a form of financial support that Member States pledge (often in a donors\u2019 conference) and commit on a case-by-case basis to support programme implementation. Contributions can be made to UN or non-UN trust funds. At times, donors implement their contributions through their own bilateral aid agency or directly through NGOs.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":473, "Sentence":"\\n Results-based budgeting (RBB): A strategic planning framework that focuses on concrete objectives, expected accomplishments and indicators of achievement for the allocation of resources.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting n resultsbased budgeting rbb strategic planning framework focus concrete objective expected accomplishment indicator achievement allocation resource ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ): The advisory body that reviews the budgets of peacekeeping missions and makes recommendations to the Fifth (Administrative and Budgetary) Committee of the General Assembly \\n Peacekeeping assessed budget: The assessed financial contribution of Member States to the operating of the UN peacekeeping missions, based on a scale established by the General Assembly. \\n Results-based budgeting (RBB): A strategic planning framework that focuses on concrete objectives, expected accomplishments and indicators of achievement for the allocation of resources. As such, the RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (indicators of achievements). \\n Voluntary contributions: This is a form of financial support that Member States pledge (often in a donors\u2019 conference) and commit on a case-by-case basis to support programme implementation. Contributions can be made to UN or non-UN trust funds. At times, donors implement their contributions through their own bilateral aid agency or directly through NGOs.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":473, "Sentence":"As such, the RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (indicators of achievements).", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting rbb aim shift focus output accounting i.e . activity resultsbased accountability indicator achievement ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ): The advisory body that reviews the budgets of peacekeeping missions and makes recommendations to the Fifth (Administrative and Budgetary) Committee of the General Assembly \\n Peacekeeping assessed budget: The assessed financial contribution of Member States to the operating of the UN peacekeeping missions, based on a scale established by the General Assembly. \\n Results-based budgeting (RBB): A strategic planning framework that focuses on concrete objectives, expected accomplishments and indicators of achievement for the allocation of resources. As such, the RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (indicators of achievements). \\n Voluntary contributions: This is a form of financial support that Member States pledge (often in a donors\u2019 conference) and commit on a case-by-case basis to support programme implementation. Contributions can be made to UN or non-UN trust funds. At times, donors implement their contributions through their own bilateral aid agency or directly through NGOs.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":473, "Sentence":"\\n Voluntary contributions: This is a form of financial support that Member States pledge (often in a donors\u2019 conference) and commit on a case-by-case basis to support programme implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting n voluntary contribution form financial support member state pledge often donor \u2019 conference commit casebycase basis support programme implementation ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ): The advisory body that reviews the budgets of peacekeeping missions and makes recommendations to the Fifth (Administrative and Budgetary) Committee of the General Assembly \\n Peacekeeping assessed budget: The assessed financial contribution of Member States to the operating of the UN peacekeeping missions, based on a scale established by the General Assembly. \\n Results-based budgeting (RBB): A strategic planning framework that focuses on concrete objectives, expected accomplishments and indicators of achievement for the allocation of resources. As such, the RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (indicators of achievements). \\n Voluntary contributions: This is a form of financial support that Member States pledge (often in a donors\u2019 conference) and commit on a case-by-case basis to support programme implementation. Contributions can be made to UN or non-UN trust funds. At times, donors implement their contributions through their own bilateral aid agency or directly through NGOs.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":473, "Sentence":"Contributions can be made to UN or non-UN trust funds.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting contribution made un nonun trust fund ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ): The advisory body that reviews the budgets of peacekeeping missions and makes recommendations to the Fifth (Administrative and Budgetary) Committee of the General Assembly \\n Peacekeeping assessed budget: The assessed financial contribution of Member States to the operating of the UN peacekeeping missions, based on a scale established by the General Assembly. \\n Results-based budgeting (RBB): A strategic planning framework that focuses on concrete objectives, expected accomplishments and indicators of achievement for the allocation of resources. As such, the RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (indicators of achievements). \\n Voluntary contributions: This is a form of financial support that Member States pledge (often in a donors\u2019 conference) and commit on a case-by-case basis to support programme implementation. Contributions can be made to UN or non-UN trust funds. At times, donors implement their contributions through their own bilateral aid agency or directly through NGOs.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":473, "Sentence":"At times, donors implement their contributions through their own bilateral aid agency or directly through NGOs.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting time donor implement contribution bilateral aid agency directly ngo ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Annex C: Excerpt from General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/59\/296", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Takes note of the note by the Secretary-General (definitions); \\n Notes that reinsertion activities are part of the disarmament and demobilization process, as outlined in the note by the Secretary-General; \\n Emphasizes that disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programmes are a critical part of peace processes and integrated peacekeeping operations, as mandated by the Security Council, and supports strengthening the coordination of those programmes in an integrated approach; \\n Stresses the importance of a clear description of respective roles of peacekeeping missions and all other relevant actors; \\n Also stresses the need for strengthened cooperation and coordination between the various actors within and outside the United Nations system to ensure effective use of resources and coherence on the ground in implementing disarmament, demobilization and reintegra- tion programmes; \\n Requests the Secretary-General, when submitting future budget proposals containing man- dated resource requirements for disarmament, demobilization and reinsertion, to provide clear information on these components and associated post and non-post costs; \\n Notes that the components used by the Secretary-General for budgeting for disarmament, demobilization and reinsertion activities are set out in the note by the Secretary-General, recognizing ongoing discussions on these concepts; \\n Notes also the intention of the Secretary-General to submit integrated disarmament, demo- bilization and reintegration standards to the General Assembly at its sixtieth session;", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":474, "Sentence":"Takes note of the note by the Secretary-General (definitions); \\n Notes that reinsertion activities are part of the disarmament and demobilization process, as outlined in the note by the Secretary-General; \\n Emphasizes that disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programmes are a critical part of peace processes and integrated peacekeeping operations, as mandated by the Security Council, and supports strengthening the coordination of those programmes in an integrated approach; \\n Stresses the importance of a clear description of respective roles of peacekeeping missions and all other relevant actors; \\n Also stresses the need for strengthened cooperation and coordination between the various actors within and outside the United Nations system to ensure effective use of resources and coherence on the ground in implementing disarmament, demobilization and reintegra- tion programmes; \\n Requests the Secretary-General, when submitting future budget proposals containing man- dated resource requirements for disarmament, demobilization and reinsertion, to provide clear information on these components and associated post and non-post costs; \\n Notes that the components used by the Secretary-General for budgeting for disarmament, demobilization and reinsertion activities are set out in the note by the Secretary-General, recognizing ongoing discussions on these concepts; \\n Notes also the intention of the Secretary-General to submit integrated disarmament, demo- bilization and reintegration standards to the General Assembly at its sixtieth session;", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting take note note secretarygeneral definition n note reinsertion activity part disarmament demobilization process outlined note secretarygeneral n emphasizes disarmament demobilization reintegration programme critical part peace process integrated peacekeeping operation mandated security council support strengthening coordination programme integrated approach n stress importance clear description respective role peacekeeping mission relevant actor n also stress need strengthened cooperation coordination various actor within outside united nation system ensure effective use resource coherence ground implementing disarmament demobilization reintegra tion programme n request secretarygeneral submitting future budget proposal containing man dated resource requirement disarmament demobilization reinsertion provide clear information component associated post nonpost cost n note component used secretarygeneral budgeting disarmament demobilization reinsertion activity set note secretarygeneral recognizing ongoing discussion concept n note also intention secretarygeneral submit integrated disarmament demo bilization reintegration standard general assembly sixtieth session" }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Annex D.1: Developing an RBB framework", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"DDR objective statement. The DDR objective statement draws its legal foundation from Security Council mission mandates. It is important to note that the DDR objective will not be fully achieved in the lifetime of the peacekeeping mission, although certain specific activities such as the (limited) physical disarmament of combatants may be completed. Other important aspects of DDR such as reintegration, establishment of the legal framework, and the technical and logistic capacity to destroy or make safe small arms and light weapons all extend beyond the duration of a peacekeeping mission. In this regard, the objective statement must reflect the contribution of the peacekeeping mission to the \u2018progress towards\u2019 the DDR objective. \\n SAMPLE DDR OBJECTIVE STATEMENT \\n \u2018Progress towards the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed forces and groups, including meeting the specific needs of women and children associated with such groups, as well as weapons control and destruction\u2019Indicators of achievement. The targeted achievement should include the following dimensions: (1) include no more than five clear and measurable indicators; (2) in the first year of a DDR programme, the most important indicators of achievement should relate to the political will of the government to develop and implement the DDR programme; and (3) include baseline information from which increases\/decreases are measured.SAMPLE SET OF DDR INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT \\n \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and subnational DDR institutions, and related weapons control law\u2019 \\n \u2018Establishment of national and sub-national DDR authorities\u2019 \\n \u2018Development of a national DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u201834,000 members of armed forces and groups participate in disarmament, demobilization and community-based reintegration programmes, including 14,000 children released to return to their families\u2019 \\n \u2018Destroyed 4,000 of an estimated 20,000 weapons established in a small arms baseline survey conducted in January 2005\u2019Outputs. When developing the DDR outputs for an RBB framework, programme managers should bear in mind the following considerations: (1) specific references to the time-frame for implementation should be included; (2) DDR technical assistance or advice needs should be further defined to specify what that means in practice and, if possible, quantified (e.g., workshops, training programmes, legislative models, draft work plans); (3) the beneficiaries or recipients of the mission\u2019s efforts should be included in the output description; and (4) the verb should precede the output definition (e.g., Destroyed 9,000 weapons; Chaired 10 community sensitization meetings).SAMPLE SET OF DDR OUTPUTS \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to the National DDR Coordination Council (NDDRCC), regional DDR commissions and their field structures, in collaboration with international financial institutions, international development organizations, non-governmental organizations and donors, in the development and implementation of a national DDR programme for all armed forces and groups\u2019 \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to assist the government in strengthening its capacity (legal, institutional, technical and physical) in the areas of weapons collection, control, management and destruction\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted 10 training courses on DDR and weapons control for the military and civilian authorities in the first 6 months of the mission mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Supported the DDR institutions to collect, store, control and destroy (where applicable and necessary) weapons, as part of the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted with the DDR institutions and in partnership with international research institutions, small arms survey, economic and market surveys, verification of the size of the DDR caseload and eligibility criteria to support the planning of a comprehensive DDR programme in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed options (eligibility criteria, encampment options and integration in civil administration) for force reduction process for the government of national unity\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 15,000 allied militia forces, including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 5,000 members of special groups (women, disabled and veterans), including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical, profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Negotiated and secured the release of 14,000 (UNICEF estimate) children associated with the armed forces and groups, and facilitated their return to their families within 12 months of the mission\u2019s mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented reinsertion support at the community level for 34,000 armed individuals, as well as individuals associated with the armed forces and groups (women and children), in collaboration with the national DDR institutions, and other UN funds, programmes and agencies. Community-based DDR projects include: transitional support programmes; labour-intensive public works; microenterprise support; training; and short-term education support\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented community-based weapons for quick-impact projects programmes in 40 communities in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed and implemented a DDR and small arms sensitization and community mobilization programme in 6 counties of x, inter alia, to develop consensus and support for the national DDR programme at national, regional and local levels, and in particular to encourage the participation of women in the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Organized 10 regional workshops on DDR with x\u2019s military and civilian authorities\u2019External factors. When developing the external factors of the DDR RBB framework, pro- gramme managers are requested to identify those factors that are outside the control of the DDR unit. These should not repeat the factors that have been included in the indicators of achievement.SAMPLE SET OF EXTERNAL FACTORS \\n \u2018Political commitment on the part of the parties to the peace agreement to implement the programme\u2019 [rather than \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and sub-national DDR institutions, and related weapons control laws\u2019 \u2014 which was stated as an indicator of achievement above] \\n \u2018Commitment of non-signatories to the peace process to support the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Timely and adequate funding support from voluntary sources\u2019", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":475, "Sentence":"DDR objective statement.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting ddr objective statement ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Annex D.1: Developing an RBB framework", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"DDR objective statement. The DDR objective statement draws its legal foundation from Security Council mission mandates. It is important to note that the DDR objective will not be fully achieved in the lifetime of the peacekeeping mission, although certain specific activities such as the (limited) physical disarmament of combatants may be completed. Other important aspects of DDR such as reintegration, establishment of the legal framework, and the technical and logistic capacity to destroy or make safe small arms and light weapons all extend beyond the duration of a peacekeeping mission. In this regard, the objective statement must reflect the contribution of the peacekeeping mission to the \u2018progress towards\u2019 the DDR objective. \\n SAMPLE DDR OBJECTIVE STATEMENT \\n \u2018Progress towards the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed forces and groups, including meeting the specific needs of women and children associated with such groups, as well as weapons control and destruction\u2019Indicators of achievement. The targeted achievement should include the following dimensions: (1) include no more than five clear and measurable indicators; (2) in the first year of a DDR programme, the most important indicators of achievement should relate to the political will of the government to develop and implement the DDR programme; and (3) include baseline information from which increases\/decreases are measured.SAMPLE SET OF DDR INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT \\n \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and subnational DDR institutions, and related weapons control law\u2019 \\n \u2018Establishment of national and sub-national DDR authorities\u2019 \\n \u2018Development of a national DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u201834,000 members of armed forces and groups participate in disarmament, demobilization and community-based reintegration programmes, including 14,000 children released to return to their families\u2019 \\n \u2018Destroyed 4,000 of an estimated 20,000 weapons established in a small arms baseline survey conducted in January 2005\u2019Outputs. When developing the DDR outputs for an RBB framework, programme managers should bear in mind the following considerations: (1) specific references to the time-frame for implementation should be included; (2) DDR technical assistance or advice needs should be further defined to specify what that means in practice and, if possible, quantified (e.g., workshops, training programmes, legislative models, draft work plans); (3) the beneficiaries or recipients of the mission\u2019s efforts should be included in the output description; and (4) the verb should precede the output definition (e.g., Destroyed 9,000 weapons; Chaired 10 community sensitization meetings).SAMPLE SET OF DDR OUTPUTS \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to the National DDR Coordination Council (NDDRCC), regional DDR commissions and their field structures, in collaboration with international financial institutions, international development organizations, non-governmental organizations and donors, in the development and implementation of a national DDR programme for all armed forces and groups\u2019 \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to assist the government in strengthening its capacity (legal, institutional, technical and physical) in the areas of weapons collection, control, management and destruction\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted 10 training courses on DDR and weapons control for the military and civilian authorities in the first 6 months of the mission mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Supported the DDR institutions to collect, store, control and destroy (where applicable and necessary) weapons, as part of the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted with the DDR institutions and in partnership with international research institutions, small arms survey, economic and market surveys, verification of the size of the DDR caseload and eligibility criteria to support the planning of a comprehensive DDR programme in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed options (eligibility criteria, encampment options and integration in civil administration) for force reduction process for the government of national unity\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 15,000 allied militia forces, including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 5,000 members of special groups (women, disabled and veterans), including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical, profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Negotiated and secured the release of 14,000 (UNICEF estimate) children associated with the armed forces and groups, and facilitated their return to their families within 12 months of the mission\u2019s mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented reinsertion support at the community level for 34,000 armed individuals, as well as individuals associated with the armed forces and groups (women and children), in collaboration with the national DDR institutions, and other UN funds, programmes and agencies. Community-based DDR projects include: transitional support programmes; labour-intensive public works; microenterprise support; training; and short-term education support\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented community-based weapons for quick-impact projects programmes in 40 communities in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed and implemented a DDR and small arms sensitization and community mobilization programme in 6 counties of x, inter alia, to develop consensus and support for the national DDR programme at national, regional and local levels, and in particular to encourage the participation of women in the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Organized 10 regional workshops on DDR with x\u2019s military and civilian authorities\u2019External factors. When developing the external factors of the DDR RBB framework, pro- gramme managers are requested to identify those factors that are outside the control of the DDR unit. These should not repeat the factors that have been included in the indicators of achievement.SAMPLE SET OF EXTERNAL FACTORS \\n \u2018Political commitment on the part of the parties to the peace agreement to implement the programme\u2019 [rather than \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and sub-national DDR institutions, and related weapons control laws\u2019 \u2014 which was stated as an indicator of achievement above] \\n \u2018Commitment of non-signatories to the peace process to support the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Timely and adequate funding support from voluntary sources\u2019", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":475, "Sentence":"The DDR objective statement draws its legal foundation from Security Council mission mandates.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting ddr objective statement draw legal foundation security council mission mandate ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Annex D.1: Developing an RBB framework", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"DDR objective statement. The DDR objective statement draws its legal foundation from Security Council mission mandates. It is important to note that the DDR objective will not be fully achieved in the lifetime of the peacekeeping mission, although certain specific activities such as the (limited) physical disarmament of combatants may be completed. Other important aspects of DDR such as reintegration, establishment of the legal framework, and the technical and logistic capacity to destroy or make safe small arms and light weapons all extend beyond the duration of a peacekeeping mission. In this regard, the objective statement must reflect the contribution of the peacekeeping mission to the \u2018progress towards\u2019 the DDR objective. \\n SAMPLE DDR OBJECTIVE STATEMENT \\n \u2018Progress towards the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed forces and groups, including meeting the specific needs of women and children associated with such groups, as well as weapons control and destruction\u2019Indicators of achievement. The targeted achievement should include the following dimensions: (1) include no more than five clear and measurable indicators; (2) in the first year of a DDR programme, the most important indicators of achievement should relate to the political will of the government to develop and implement the DDR programme; and (3) include baseline information from which increases\/decreases are measured.SAMPLE SET OF DDR INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT \\n \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and subnational DDR institutions, and related weapons control law\u2019 \\n \u2018Establishment of national and sub-national DDR authorities\u2019 \\n \u2018Development of a national DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u201834,000 members of armed forces and groups participate in disarmament, demobilization and community-based reintegration programmes, including 14,000 children released to return to their families\u2019 \\n \u2018Destroyed 4,000 of an estimated 20,000 weapons established in a small arms baseline survey conducted in January 2005\u2019Outputs. When developing the DDR outputs for an RBB framework, programme managers should bear in mind the following considerations: (1) specific references to the time-frame for implementation should be included; (2) DDR technical assistance or advice needs should be further defined to specify what that means in practice and, if possible, quantified (e.g., workshops, training programmes, legislative models, draft work plans); (3) the beneficiaries or recipients of the mission\u2019s efforts should be included in the output description; and (4) the verb should precede the output definition (e.g., Destroyed 9,000 weapons; Chaired 10 community sensitization meetings).SAMPLE SET OF DDR OUTPUTS \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to the National DDR Coordination Council (NDDRCC), regional DDR commissions and their field structures, in collaboration with international financial institutions, international development organizations, non-governmental organizations and donors, in the development and implementation of a national DDR programme for all armed forces and groups\u2019 \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to assist the government in strengthening its capacity (legal, institutional, technical and physical) in the areas of weapons collection, control, management and destruction\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted 10 training courses on DDR and weapons control for the military and civilian authorities in the first 6 months of the mission mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Supported the DDR institutions to collect, store, control and destroy (where applicable and necessary) weapons, as part of the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted with the DDR institutions and in partnership with international research institutions, small arms survey, economic and market surveys, verification of the size of the DDR caseload and eligibility criteria to support the planning of a comprehensive DDR programme in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed options (eligibility criteria, encampment options and integration in civil administration) for force reduction process for the government of national unity\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 15,000 allied militia forces, including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 5,000 members of special groups (women, disabled and veterans), including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical, profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Negotiated and secured the release of 14,000 (UNICEF estimate) children associated with the armed forces and groups, and facilitated their return to their families within 12 months of the mission\u2019s mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented reinsertion support at the community level for 34,000 armed individuals, as well as individuals associated with the armed forces and groups (women and children), in collaboration with the national DDR institutions, and other UN funds, programmes and agencies. Community-based DDR projects include: transitional support programmes; labour-intensive public works; microenterprise support; training; and short-term education support\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented community-based weapons for quick-impact projects programmes in 40 communities in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed and implemented a DDR and small arms sensitization and community mobilization programme in 6 counties of x, inter alia, to develop consensus and support for the national DDR programme at national, regional and local levels, and in particular to encourage the participation of women in the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Organized 10 regional workshops on DDR with x\u2019s military and civilian authorities\u2019External factors. When developing the external factors of the DDR RBB framework, pro- gramme managers are requested to identify those factors that are outside the control of the DDR unit. These should not repeat the factors that have been included in the indicators of achievement.SAMPLE SET OF EXTERNAL FACTORS \\n \u2018Political commitment on the part of the parties to the peace agreement to implement the programme\u2019 [rather than \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and sub-national DDR institutions, and related weapons control laws\u2019 \u2014 which was stated as an indicator of achievement above] \\n \u2018Commitment of non-signatories to the peace process to support the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Timely and adequate funding support from voluntary sources\u2019", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":475, "Sentence":"It is important to note that the DDR objective will not be fully achieved in the lifetime of the peacekeeping mission, although certain specific activities such as the (limited) physical disarmament of combatants may be completed.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting important note ddr objective fully achieved lifetime peacekeeping mission although certain specific activity limited physical disarmament combatant may completed ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Annex D.1: Developing an RBB framework", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"DDR objective statement. The DDR objective statement draws its legal foundation from Security Council mission mandates. It is important to note that the DDR objective will not be fully achieved in the lifetime of the peacekeeping mission, although certain specific activities such as the (limited) physical disarmament of combatants may be completed. Other important aspects of DDR such as reintegration, establishment of the legal framework, and the technical and logistic capacity to destroy or make safe small arms and light weapons all extend beyond the duration of a peacekeeping mission. In this regard, the objective statement must reflect the contribution of the peacekeeping mission to the \u2018progress towards\u2019 the DDR objective. \\n SAMPLE DDR OBJECTIVE STATEMENT \\n \u2018Progress towards the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed forces and groups, including meeting the specific needs of women and children associated with such groups, as well as weapons control and destruction\u2019Indicators of achievement. The targeted achievement should include the following dimensions: (1) include no more than five clear and measurable indicators; (2) in the first year of a DDR programme, the most important indicators of achievement should relate to the political will of the government to develop and implement the DDR programme; and (3) include baseline information from which increases\/decreases are measured.SAMPLE SET OF DDR INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT \\n \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and subnational DDR institutions, and related weapons control law\u2019 \\n \u2018Establishment of national and sub-national DDR authorities\u2019 \\n \u2018Development of a national DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u201834,000 members of armed forces and groups participate in disarmament, demobilization and community-based reintegration programmes, including 14,000 children released to return to their families\u2019 \\n \u2018Destroyed 4,000 of an estimated 20,000 weapons established in a small arms baseline survey conducted in January 2005\u2019Outputs. When developing the DDR outputs for an RBB framework, programme managers should bear in mind the following considerations: (1) specific references to the time-frame for implementation should be included; (2) DDR technical assistance or advice needs should be further defined to specify what that means in practice and, if possible, quantified (e.g., workshops, training programmes, legislative models, draft work plans); (3) the beneficiaries or recipients of the mission\u2019s efforts should be included in the output description; and (4) the verb should precede the output definition (e.g., Destroyed 9,000 weapons; Chaired 10 community sensitization meetings).SAMPLE SET OF DDR OUTPUTS \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to the National DDR Coordination Council (NDDRCC), regional DDR commissions and their field structures, in collaboration with international financial institutions, international development organizations, non-governmental organizations and donors, in the development and implementation of a national DDR programme for all armed forces and groups\u2019 \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to assist the government in strengthening its capacity (legal, institutional, technical and physical) in the areas of weapons collection, control, management and destruction\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted 10 training courses on DDR and weapons control for the military and civilian authorities in the first 6 months of the mission mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Supported the DDR institutions to collect, store, control and destroy (where applicable and necessary) weapons, as part of the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted with the DDR institutions and in partnership with international research institutions, small arms survey, economic and market surveys, verification of the size of the DDR caseload and eligibility criteria to support the planning of a comprehensive DDR programme in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed options (eligibility criteria, encampment options and integration in civil administration) for force reduction process for the government of national unity\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 15,000 allied militia forces, including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 5,000 members of special groups (women, disabled and veterans), including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical, profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Negotiated and secured the release of 14,000 (UNICEF estimate) children associated with the armed forces and groups, and facilitated their return to their families within 12 months of the mission\u2019s mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented reinsertion support at the community level for 34,000 armed individuals, as well as individuals associated with the armed forces and groups (women and children), in collaboration with the national DDR institutions, and other UN funds, programmes and agencies. Community-based DDR projects include: transitional support programmes; labour-intensive public works; microenterprise support; training; and short-term education support\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented community-based weapons for quick-impact projects programmes in 40 communities in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed and implemented a DDR and small arms sensitization and community mobilization programme in 6 counties of x, inter alia, to develop consensus and support for the national DDR programme at national, regional and local levels, and in particular to encourage the participation of women in the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Organized 10 regional workshops on DDR with x\u2019s military and civilian authorities\u2019External factors. When developing the external factors of the DDR RBB framework, pro- gramme managers are requested to identify those factors that are outside the control of the DDR unit. These should not repeat the factors that have been included in the indicators of achievement.SAMPLE SET OF EXTERNAL FACTORS \\n \u2018Political commitment on the part of the parties to the peace agreement to implement the programme\u2019 [rather than \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and sub-national DDR institutions, and related weapons control laws\u2019 \u2014 which was stated as an indicator of achievement above] \\n \u2018Commitment of non-signatories to the peace process to support the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Timely and adequate funding support from voluntary sources\u2019", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":475, "Sentence":"Other important aspects of DDR such as reintegration, establishment of the legal framework, and the technical and logistic capacity to destroy or make safe small arms and light weapons all extend beyond the duration of a peacekeeping mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting important aspect ddr reintegration establishment legal framework technical logistic capacity destroy make safe small arm light weapon extend beyond duration peacekeeping mission ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Annex D.1: Developing an RBB framework", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"DDR objective statement. The DDR objective statement draws its legal foundation from Security Council mission mandates. It is important to note that the DDR objective will not be fully achieved in the lifetime of the peacekeeping mission, although certain specific activities such as the (limited) physical disarmament of combatants may be completed. Other important aspects of DDR such as reintegration, establishment of the legal framework, and the technical and logistic capacity to destroy or make safe small arms and light weapons all extend beyond the duration of a peacekeeping mission. In this regard, the objective statement must reflect the contribution of the peacekeeping mission to the \u2018progress towards\u2019 the DDR objective. \\n SAMPLE DDR OBJECTIVE STATEMENT \\n \u2018Progress towards the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed forces and groups, including meeting the specific needs of women and children associated with such groups, as well as weapons control and destruction\u2019Indicators of achievement. The targeted achievement should include the following dimensions: (1) include no more than five clear and measurable indicators; (2) in the first year of a DDR programme, the most important indicators of achievement should relate to the political will of the government to develop and implement the DDR programme; and (3) include baseline information from which increases\/decreases are measured.SAMPLE SET OF DDR INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT \\n \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and subnational DDR institutions, and related weapons control law\u2019 \\n \u2018Establishment of national and sub-national DDR authorities\u2019 \\n \u2018Development of a national DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u201834,000 members of armed forces and groups participate in disarmament, demobilization and community-based reintegration programmes, including 14,000 children released to return to their families\u2019 \\n \u2018Destroyed 4,000 of an estimated 20,000 weapons established in a small arms baseline survey conducted in January 2005\u2019Outputs. When developing the DDR outputs for an RBB framework, programme managers should bear in mind the following considerations: (1) specific references to the time-frame for implementation should be included; (2) DDR technical assistance or advice needs should be further defined to specify what that means in practice and, if possible, quantified (e.g., workshops, training programmes, legislative models, draft work plans); (3) the beneficiaries or recipients of the mission\u2019s efforts should be included in the output description; and (4) the verb should precede the output definition (e.g., Destroyed 9,000 weapons; Chaired 10 community sensitization meetings).SAMPLE SET OF DDR OUTPUTS \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to the National DDR Coordination Council (NDDRCC), regional DDR commissions and their field structures, in collaboration with international financial institutions, international development organizations, non-governmental organizations and donors, in the development and implementation of a national DDR programme for all armed forces and groups\u2019 \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to assist the government in strengthening its capacity (legal, institutional, technical and physical) in the areas of weapons collection, control, management and destruction\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted 10 training courses on DDR and weapons control for the military and civilian authorities in the first 6 months of the mission mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Supported the DDR institutions to collect, store, control and destroy (where applicable and necessary) weapons, as part of the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted with the DDR institutions and in partnership with international research institutions, small arms survey, economic and market surveys, verification of the size of the DDR caseload and eligibility criteria to support the planning of a comprehensive DDR programme in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed options (eligibility criteria, encampment options and integration in civil administration) for force reduction process for the government of national unity\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 15,000 allied militia forces, including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 5,000 members of special groups (women, disabled and veterans), including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical, profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Negotiated and secured the release of 14,000 (UNICEF estimate) children associated with the armed forces and groups, and facilitated their return to their families within 12 months of the mission\u2019s mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented reinsertion support at the community level for 34,000 armed individuals, as well as individuals associated with the armed forces and groups (women and children), in collaboration with the national DDR institutions, and other UN funds, programmes and agencies. Community-based DDR projects include: transitional support programmes; labour-intensive public works; microenterprise support; training; and short-term education support\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented community-based weapons for quick-impact projects programmes in 40 communities in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed and implemented a DDR and small arms sensitization and community mobilization programme in 6 counties of x, inter alia, to develop consensus and support for the national DDR programme at national, regional and local levels, and in particular to encourage the participation of women in the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Organized 10 regional workshops on DDR with x\u2019s military and civilian authorities\u2019External factors. When developing the external factors of the DDR RBB framework, pro- gramme managers are requested to identify those factors that are outside the control of the DDR unit. These should not repeat the factors that have been included in the indicators of achievement.SAMPLE SET OF EXTERNAL FACTORS \\n \u2018Political commitment on the part of the parties to the peace agreement to implement the programme\u2019 [rather than \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and sub-national DDR institutions, and related weapons control laws\u2019 \u2014 which was stated as an indicator of achievement above] \\n \u2018Commitment of non-signatories to the peace process to support the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Timely and adequate funding support from voluntary sources\u2019", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":475, "Sentence":"In this regard, the objective statement must reflect the contribution of the peacekeeping mission to the \u2018progress towards\u2019 the DDR objective.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting regard objective statement must reflect contribution peacekeeping mission \u2018 progress towards \u2019 ddr objective ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Annex D.1: Developing an RBB framework", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"DDR objective statement. The DDR objective statement draws its legal foundation from Security Council mission mandates. It is important to note that the DDR objective will not be fully achieved in the lifetime of the peacekeeping mission, although certain specific activities such as the (limited) physical disarmament of combatants may be completed. Other important aspects of DDR such as reintegration, establishment of the legal framework, and the technical and logistic capacity to destroy or make safe small arms and light weapons all extend beyond the duration of a peacekeeping mission. In this regard, the objective statement must reflect the contribution of the peacekeeping mission to the \u2018progress towards\u2019 the DDR objective. \\n SAMPLE DDR OBJECTIVE STATEMENT \\n \u2018Progress towards the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed forces and groups, including meeting the specific needs of women and children associated with such groups, as well as weapons control and destruction\u2019Indicators of achievement. The targeted achievement should include the following dimensions: (1) include no more than five clear and measurable indicators; (2) in the first year of a DDR programme, the most important indicators of achievement should relate to the political will of the government to develop and implement the DDR programme; and (3) include baseline information from which increases\/decreases are measured.SAMPLE SET OF DDR INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT \\n \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and subnational DDR institutions, and related weapons control law\u2019 \\n \u2018Establishment of national and sub-national DDR authorities\u2019 \\n \u2018Development of a national DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u201834,000 members of armed forces and groups participate in disarmament, demobilization and community-based reintegration programmes, including 14,000 children released to return to their families\u2019 \\n \u2018Destroyed 4,000 of an estimated 20,000 weapons established in a small arms baseline survey conducted in January 2005\u2019Outputs. When developing the DDR outputs for an RBB framework, programme managers should bear in mind the following considerations: (1) specific references to the time-frame for implementation should be included; (2) DDR technical assistance or advice needs should be further defined to specify what that means in practice and, if possible, quantified (e.g., workshops, training programmes, legislative models, draft work plans); (3) the beneficiaries or recipients of the mission\u2019s efforts should be included in the output description; and (4) the verb should precede the output definition (e.g., Destroyed 9,000 weapons; Chaired 10 community sensitization meetings).SAMPLE SET OF DDR OUTPUTS \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to the National DDR Coordination Council (NDDRCC), regional DDR commissions and their field structures, in collaboration with international financial institutions, international development organizations, non-governmental organizations and donors, in the development and implementation of a national DDR programme for all armed forces and groups\u2019 \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to assist the government in strengthening its capacity (legal, institutional, technical and physical) in the areas of weapons collection, control, management and destruction\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted 10 training courses on DDR and weapons control for the military and civilian authorities in the first 6 months of the mission mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Supported the DDR institutions to collect, store, control and destroy (where applicable and necessary) weapons, as part of the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted with the DDR institutions and in partnership with international research institutions, small arms survey, economic and market surveys, verification of the size of the DDR caseload and eligibility criteria to support the planning of a comprehensive DDR programme in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed options (eligibility criteria, encampment options and integration in civil administration) for force reduction process for the government of national unity\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 15,000 allied militia forces, including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 5,000 members of special groups (women, disabled and veterans), including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical, profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Negotiated and secured the release of 14,000 (UNICEF estimate) children associated with the armed forces and groups, and facilitated their return to their families within 12 months of the mission\u2019s mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented reinsertion support at the community level for 34,000 armed individuals, as well as individuals associated with the armed forces and groups (women and children), in collaboration with the national DDR institutions, and other UN funds, programmes and agencies. Community-based DDR projects include: transitional support programmes; labour-intensive public works; microenterprise support; training; and short-term education support\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented community-based weapons for quick-impact projects programmes in 40 communities in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed and implemented a DDR and small arms sensitization and community mobilization programme in 6 counties of x, inter alia, to develop consensus and support for the national DDR programme at national, regional and local levels, and in particular to encourage the participation of women in the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Organized 10 regional workshops on DDR with x\u2019s military and civilian authorities\u2019External factors. When developing the external factors of the DDR RBB framework, pro- gramme managers are requested to identify those factors that are outside the control of the DDR unit. These should not repeat the factors that have been included in the indicators of achievement.SAMPLE SET OF EXTERNAL FACTORS \\n \u2018Political commitment on the part of the parties to the peace agreement to implement the programme\u2019 [rather than \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and sub-national DDR institutions, and related weapons control laws\u2019 \u2014 which was stated as an indicator of achievement above] \\n \u2018Commitment of non-signatories to the peace process to support the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Timely and adequate funding support from voluntary sources\u2019", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":475, "Sentence":"\\n SAMPLE DDR OBJECTIVE STATEMENT \\n \u2018Progress towards the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed forces and groups, including meeting the specific needs of women and children associated with such groups, as well as weapons control and destruction\u2019Indicators of achievement.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting n sample ddr objective statement n \u2018 progress towards disarmament demobilization reintegration member armed force group including meeting specific need woman child associated group well weapon control destruction \u2019 indicator achievement ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Annex D.1: Developing an RBB framework", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"DDR objective statement. The DDR objective statement draws its legal foundation from Security Council mission mandates. It is important to note that the DDR objective will not be fully achieved in the lifetime of the peacekeeping mission, although certain specific activities such as the (limited) physical disarmament of combatants may be completed. Other important aspects of DDR such as reintegration, establishment of the legal framework, and the technical and logistic capacity to destroy or make safe small arms and light weapons all extend beyond the duration of a peacekeeping mission. In this regard, the objective statement must reflect the contribution of the peacekeeping mission to the \u2018progress towards\u2019 the DDR objective. \\n SAMPLE DDR OBJECTIVE STATEMENT \\n \u2018Progress towards the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed forces and groups, including meeting the specific needs of women and children associated with such groups, as well as weapons control and destruction\u2019Indicators of achievement. The targeted achievement should include the following dimensions: (1) include no more than five clear and measurable indicators; (2) in the first year of a DDR programme, the most important indicators of achievement should relate to the political will of the government to develop and implement the DDR programme; and (3) include baseline information from which increases\/decreases are measured.SAMPLE SET OF DDR INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT \\n \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and subnational DDR institutions, and related weapons control law\u2019 \\n \u2018Establishment of national and sub-national DDR authorities\u2019 \\n \u2018Development of a national DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u201834,000 members of armed forces and groups participate in disarmament, demobilization and community-based reintegration programmes, including 14,000 children released to return to their families\u2019 \\n \u2018Destroyed 4,000 of an estimated 20,000 weapons established in a small arms baseline survey conducted in January 2005\u2019Outputs. When developing the DDR outputs for an RBB framework, programme managers should bear in mind the following considerations: (1) specific references to the time-frame for implementation should be included; (2) DDR technical assistance or advice needs should be further defined to specify what that means in practice and, if possible, quantified (e.g., workshops, training programmes, legislative models, draft work plans); (3) the beneficiaries or recipients of the mission\u2019s efforts should be included in the output description; and (4) the verb should precede the output definition (e.g., Destroyed 9,000 weapons; Chaired 10 community sensitization meetings).SAMPLE SET OF DDR OUTPUTS \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to the National DDR Coordination Council (NDDRCC), regional DDR commissions and their field structures, in collaboration with international financial institutions, international development organizations, non-governmental organizations and donors, in the development and implementation of a national DDR programme for all armed forces and groups\u2019 \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to assist the government in strengthening its capacity (legal, institutional, technical and physical) in the areas of weapons collection, control, management and destruction\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted 10 training courses on DDR and weapons control for the military and civilian authorities in the first 6 months of the mission mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Supported the DDR institutions to collect, store, control and destroy (where applicable and necessary) weapons, as part of the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted with the DDR institutions and in partnership with international research institutions, small arms survey, economic and market surveys, verification of the size of the DDR caseload and eligibility criteria to support the planning of a comprehensive DDR programme in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed options (eligibility criteria, encampment options and integration in civil administration) for force reduction process for the government of national unity\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 15,000 allied militia forces, including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 5,000 members of special groups (women, disabled and veterans), including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical, profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Negotiated and secured the release of 14,000 (UNICEF estimate) children associated with the armed forces and groups, and facilitated their return to their families within 12 months of the mission\u2019s mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented reinsertion support at the community level for 34,000 armed individuals, as well as individuals associated with the armed forces and groups (women and children), in collaboration with the national DDR institutions, and other UN funds, programmes and agencies. Community-based DDR projects include: transitional support programmes; labour-intensive public works; microenterprise support; training; and short-term education support\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented community-based weapons for quick-impact projects programmes in 40 communities in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed and implemented a DDR and small arms sensitization and community mobilization programme in 6 counties of x, inter alia, to develop consensus and support for the national DDR programme at national, regional and local levels, and in particular to encourage the participation of women in the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Organized 10 regional workshops on DDR with x\u2019s military and civilian authorities\u2019External factors. When developing the external factors of the DDR RBB framework, pro- gramme managers are requested to identify those factors that are outside the control of the DDR unit. These should not repeat the factors that have been included in the indicators of achievement.SAMPLE SET OF EXTERNAL FACTORS \\n \u2018Political commitment on the part of the parties to the peace agreement to implement the programme\u2019 [rather than \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and sub-national DDR institutions, and related weapons control laws\u2019 \u2014 which was stated as an indicator of achievement above] \\n \u2018Commitment of non-signatories to the peace process to support the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Timely and adequate funding support from voluntary sources\u2019", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":475, "Sentence":"The targeted achievement should include the following dimensions: (1) include no more than five clear and measurable indicators; (2) in the first year of a DDR programme, the most important indicators of achievement should relate to the political will of the government to develop and implement the DDR programme; and (3) include baseline information from which increases\/decreases are measured.SAMPLE SET OF DDR INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT \\n \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and subnational DDR institutions, and related weapons control law\u2019 \\n \u2018Establishment of national and sub-national DDR authorities\u2019 \\n \u2018Development of a national DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u201834,000 members of armed forces and groups participate in disarmament, demobilization and community-based reintegration programmes, including 14,000 children released to return to their families\u2019 \\n \u2018Destroyed 4,000 of an estimated 20,000 weapons established in a small arms baseline survey conducted in January 2005\u2019Outputs.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting targeted achievement include following dimension 1 include five clear measurable indicator 2 first year ddr programme important indicator achievement relate political government develop implement ddr programme 3 include baseline information increases\/decreases measured.sample set ddr indicator achievement n \u2018 transitional government national unity adopts legislation establishing national subnational ddr institution related weapon control law \u2019 n \u2018 establishment national subnational ddr authority \u2019 n \u2018 development national ddr programme \u2019 n \u2018 34000 member armed force group participate disarmament demobilization communitybased reintegration programme including 14000 child released return family \u2019 n \u2018 destroyed 4000 estimated 20000 weapon established small arm baseline survey conducted january 2005 \u2019 output ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Annex D.1: Developing an RBB framework", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"DDR objective statement. The DDR objective statement draws its legal foundation from Security Council mission mandates. It is important to note that the DDR objective will not be fully achieved in the lifetime of the peacekeeping mission, although certain specific activities such as the (limited) physical disarmament of combatants may be completed. Other important aspects of DDR such as reintegration, establishment of the legal framework, and the technical and logistic capacity to destroy or make safe small arms and light weapons all extend beyond the duration of a peacekeeping mission. In this regard, the objective statement must reflect the contribution of the peacekeeping mission to the \u2018progress towards\u2019 the DDR objective. \\n SAMPLE DDR OBJECTIVE STATEMENT \\n \u2018Progress towards the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed forces and groups, including meeting the specific needs of women and children associated with such groups, as well as weapons control and destruction\u2019Indicators of achievement. The targeted achievement should include the following dimensions: (1) include no more than five clear and measurable indicators; (2) in the first year of a DDR programme, the most important indicators of achievement should relate to the political will of the government to develop and implement the DDR programme; and (3) include baseline information from which increases\/decreases are measured.SAMPLE SET OF DDR INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT \\n \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and subnational DDR institutions, and related weapons control law\u2019 \\n \u2018Establishment of national and sub-national DDR authorities\u2019 \\n \u2018Development of a national DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u201834,000 members of armed forces and groups participate in disarmament, demobilization and community-based reintegration programmes, including 14,000 children released to return to their families\u2019 \\n \u2018Destroyed 4,000 of an estimated 20,000 weapons established in a small arms baseline survey conducted in January 2005\u2019Outputs. When developing the DDR outputs for an RBB framework, programme managers should bear in mind the following considerations: (1) specific references to the time-frame for implementation should be included; (2) DDR technical assistance or advice needs should be further defined to specify what that means in practice and, if possible, quantified (e.g., workshops, training programmes, legislative models, draft work plans); (3) the beneficiaries or recipients of the mission\u2019s efforts should be included in the output description; and (4) the verb should precede the output definition (e.g., Destroyed 9,000 weapons; Chaired 10 community sensitization meetings).SAMPLE SET OF DDR OUTPUTS \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to the National DDR Coordination Council (NDDRCC), regional DDR commissions and their field structures, in collaboration with international financial institutions, international development organizations, non-governmental organizations and donors, in the development and implementation of a national DDR programme for all armed forces and groups\u2019 \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to assist the government in strengthening its capacity (legal, institutional, technical and physical) in the areas of weapons collection, control, management and destruction\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted 10 training courses on DDR and weapons control for the military and civilian authorities in the first 6 months of the mission mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Supported the DDR institutions to collect, store, control and destroy (where applicable and necessary) weapons, as part of the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted with the DDR institutions and in partnership with international research institutions, small arms survey, economic and market surveys, verification of the size of the DDR caseload and eligibility criteria to support the planning of a comprehensive DDR programme in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed options (eligibility criteria, encampment options and integration in civil administration) for force reduction process for the government of national unity\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 15,000 allied militia forces, including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 5,000 members of special groups (women, disabled and veterans), including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical, profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Negotiated and secured the release of 14,000 (UNICEF estimate) children associated with the armed forces and groups, and facilitated their return to their families within 12 months of the mission\u2019s mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented reinsertion support at the community level for 34,000 armed individuals, as well as individuals associated with the armed forces and groups (women and children), in collaboration with the national DDR institutions, and other UN funds, programmes and agencies. Community-based DDR projects include: transitional support programmes; labour-intensive public works; microenterprise support; training; and short-term education support\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented community-based weapons for quick-impact projects programmes in 40 communities in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed and implemented a DDR and small arms sensitization and community mobilization programme in 6 counties of x, inter alia, to develop consensus and support for the national DDR programme at national, regional and local levels, and in particular to encourage the participation of women in the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Organized 10 regional workshops on DDR with x\u2019s military and civilian authorities\u2019External factors. When developing the external factors of the DDR RBB framework, pro- gramme managers are requested to identify those factors that are outside the control of the DDR unit. These should not repeat the factors that have been included in the indicators of achievement.SAMPLE SET OF EXTERNAL FACTORS \\n \u2018Political commitment on the part of the parties to the peace agreement to implement the programme\u2019 [rather than \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and sub-national DDR institutions, and related weapons control laws\u2019 \u2014 which was stated as an indicator of achievement above] \\n \u2018Commitment of non-signatories to the peace process to support the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Timely and adequate funding support from voluntary sources\u2019", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":475, "Sentence":"When developing the DDR outputs for an RBB framework, programme managers should bear in mind the following considerations: (1) specific references to the time-frame for implementation should be included; (2) DDR technical assistance or advice needs should be further defined to specify what that means in practice and, if possible, quantified (e.g., workshops, training programmes, legislative models, draft work plans); (3) the beneficiaries or recipients of the mission\u2019s efforts should be included in the output description; and (4) the verb should precede the output definition (e.g., Destroyed 9,000 weapons; Chaired 10 community sensitization meetings).SAMPLE SET OF DDR OUTPUTS \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to the National DDR Coordination Council (NDDRCC), regional DDR commissions and their field structures, in collaboration with international financial institutions, international development organizations, non-governmental organizations and donors, in the development and implementation of a national DDR programme for all armed forces and groups\u2019 \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to assist the government in strengthening its capacity (legal, institutional, technical and physical) in the areas of weapons collection, control, management and destruction\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted 10 training courses on DDR and weapons control for the military and civilian authorities in the first 6 months of the mission mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Supported the DDR institutions to collect, store, control and destroy (where applicable and necessary) weapons, as part of the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted with the DDR institutions and in partnership with international research institutions, small arms survey, economic and market surveys, verification of the size of the DDR caseload and eligibility criteria to support the planning of a comprehensive DDR programme in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed options (eligibility criteria, encampment options and integration in civil administration) for force reduction process for the government of national unity\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 15,000 allied militia forces, including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 5,000 members of special groups (women, disabled and veterans), including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical, profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Negotiated and secured the release of 14,000 (UNICEF estimate) children associated with the armed forces and groups, and facilitated their return to their families within 12 months of the mission\u2019s mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented reinsertion support at the community level for 34,000 armed individuals, as well as individuals associated with the armed forces and groups (women and children), in collaboration with the national DDR institutions, and other UN funds, programmes and agencies.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting developing ddr output rbb framework programme manager bear mind following consideration 1 specific reference timeframe implementation included 2 ddr technical assistance advice need defined specify mean practice possible quantified e.g . workshop training programme legislative model draft work plan 3 beneficiary recipient mission \u2019 effort included output description 4 verb precede output definition e.g . destroyed 9000 weapon chaired 10 community sensitization meetings.sample set ddr output n \u2018 provided technical support advice programme development support national ddr coordination council nddrcc regional ddr commission field structure collaboration international financial institution international development organization nongovernmental organization donor development implementation national ddr programme armed force group \u2019 n \u2018 provided technical support advice programme development support assist government strengthening capacity legal institutional technical physical area weapon collection control management destruction \u2019 n \u2018 conducted 10 training course ddr weapon control military civilian authority first 6 month mission mandate \u2019 n \u2018 supported ddr institution collect store control destroy applicable necessary weapon part ddr programme \u2019 n \u2018 conducted ddr institution partnership international research institution small arm survey economic market survey verification size ddr caseload eligibility criterion support planning comprehensive ddr programme x \u2019 n \u2018 developed option eligibility criterion encampment option integration civil administration force reduction process government national unity \u2019 n \u2018 disarmed demobilized 15000 allied militia force including provided related service feeding clothing civic education medical profiling counselling education training employment referral transitional safety allowance training material \u2019 n \u2018 disarmed demobilized 5000 member special group woman disabled veteran including provided related service feeding clothing civic education medical profiling counselling education training employment referral transitional safety allowance training material \u2019 n \u2018 negotiated secured release 14000 unicef estimate child associated armed force group facilitated return family within 12 month mission \u2019 mandate \u2019 n \u2018 developed coordinated implemented reinsertion support community level 34000 armed individual well individual associated armed force group woman child collaboration national ddr institution un fund programme agency ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Annex D.1: Developing an RBB framework", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"DDR objective statement. The DDR objective statement draws its legal foundation from Security Council mission mandates. It is important to note that the DDR objective will not be fully achieved in the lifetime of the peacekeeping mission, although certain specific activities such as the (limited) physical disarmament of combatants may be completed. Other important aspects of DDR such as reintegration, establishment of the legal framework, and the technical and logistic capacity to destroy or make safe small arms and light weapons all extend beyond the duration of a peacekeeping mission. In this regard, the objective statement must reflect the contribution of the peacekeeping mission to the \u2018progress towards\u2019 the DDR objective. \\n SAMPLE DDR OBJECTIVE STATEMENT \\n \u2018Progress towards the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed forces and groups, including meeting the specific needs of women and children associated with such groups, as well as weapons control and destruction\u2019Indicators of achievement. The targeted achievement should include the following dimensions: (1) include no more than five clear and measurable indicators; (2) in the first year of a DDR programme, the most important indicators of achievement should relate to the political will of the government to develop and implement the DDR programme; and (3) include baseline information from which increases\/decreases are measured.SAMPLE SET OF DDR INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT \\n \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and subnational DDR institutions, and related weapons control law\u2019 \\n \u2018Establishment of national and sub-national DDR authorities\u2019 \\n \u2018Development of a national DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u201834,000 members of armed forces and groups participate in disarmament, demobilization and community-based reintegration programmes, including 14,000 children released to return to their families\u2019 \\n \u2018Destroyed 4,000 of an estimated 20,000 weapons established in a small arms baseline survey conducted in January 2005\u2019Outputs. When developing the DDR outputs for an RBB framework, programme managers should bear in mind the following considerations: (1) specific references to the time-frame for implementation should be included; (2) DDR technical assistance or advice needs should be further defined to specify what that means in practice and, if possible, quantified (e.g., workshops, training programmes, legislative models, draft work plans); (3) the beneficiaries or recipients of the mission\u2019s efforts should be included in the output description; and (4) the verb should precede the output definition (e.g., Destroyed 9,000 weapons; Chaired 10 community sensitization meetings).SAMPLE SET OF DDR OUTPUTS \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to the National DDR Coordination Council (NDDRCC), regional DDR commissions and their field structures, in collaboration with international financial institutions, international development organizations, non-governmental organizations and donors, in the development and implementation of a national DDR programme for all armed forces and groups\u2019 \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to assist the government in strengthening its capacity (legal, institutional, technical and physical) in the areas of weapons collection, control, management and destruction\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted 10 training courses on DDR and weapons control for the military and civilian authorities in the first 6 months of the mission mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Supported the DDR institutions to collect, store, control and destroy (where applicable and necessary) weapons, as part of the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted with the DDR institutions and in partnership with international research institutions, small arms survey, economic and market surveys, verification of the size of the DDR caseload and eligibility criteria to support the planning of a comprehensive DDR programme in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed options (eligibility criteria, encampment options and integration in civil administration) for force reduction process for the government of national unity\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 15,000 allied militia forces, including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 5,000 members of special groups (women, disabled and veterans), including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical, profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Negotiated and secured the release of 14,000 (UNICEF estimate) children associated with the armed forces and groups, and facilitated their return to their families within 12 months of the mission\u2019s mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented reinsertion support at the community level for 34,000 armed individuals, as well as individuals associated with the armed forces and groups (women and children), in collaboration with the national DDR institutions, and other UN funds, programmes and agencies. Community-based DDR projects include: transitional support programmes; labour-intensive public works; microenterprise support; training; and short-term education support\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented community-based weapons for quick-impact projects programmes in 40 communities in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed and implemented a DDR and small arms sensitization and community mobilization programme in 6 counties of x, inter alia, to develop consensus and support for the national DDR programme at national, regional and local levels, and in particular to encourage the participation of women in the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Organized 10 regional workshops on DDR with x\u2019s military and civilian authorities\u2019External factors. When developing the external factors of the DDR RBB framework, pro- gramme managers are requested to identify those factors that are outside the control of the DDR unit. These should not repeat the factors that have been included in the indicators of achievement.SAMPLE SET OF EXTERNAL FACTORS \\n \u2018Political commitment on the part of the parties to the peace agreement to implement the programme\u2019 [rather than \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and sub-national DDR institutions, and related weapons control laws\u2019 \u2014 which was stated as an indicator of achievement above] \\n \u2018Commitment of non-signatories to the peace process to support the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Timely and adequate funding support from voluntary sources\u2019", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":475, "Sentence":"Community-based DDR projects include: transitional support programmes; labour-intensive public works; microenterprise support; training; and short-term education support\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented community-based weapons for quick-impact projects programmes in 40 communities in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed and implemented a DDR and small arms sensitization and community mobilization programme in 6 counties of x, inter alia, to develop consensus and support for the national DDR programme at national, regional and local levels, and in particular to encourage the participation of women in the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Organized 10 regional workshops on DDR with x\u2019s military and civilian authorities\u2019External factors.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting communitybased ddr project include transitional support programme labourintensive public work microenterprise support training shortterm education support \u2019 n \u2018 developed coordinated implemented communitybased weapon quickimpact project programme 40 community x \u2019 n \u2018 developed implemented ddr small arm sensitization community mobilization programme 6 county x inter alia develop consensus support national ddr programme national regional local level particular encourage participation woman ddr programme \u2019 n \u2018 organized 10 regional workshop ddr x \u2019 military civilian authority \u2019 external factor ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Annex D.1: Developing an RBB framework", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"DDR objective statement. The DDR objective statement draws its legal foundation from Security Council mission mandates. It is important to note that the DDR objective will not be fully achieved in the lifetime of the peacekeeping mission, although certain specific activities such as the (limited) physical disarmament of combatants may be completed. Other important aspects of DDR such as reintegration, establishment of the legal framework, and the technical and logistic capacity to destroy or make safe small arms and light weapons all extend beyond the duration of a peacekeeping mission. In this regard, the objective statement must reflect the contribution of the peacekeeping mission to the \u2018progress towards\u2019 the DDR objective. \\n SAMPLE DDR OBJECTIVE STATEMENT \\n \u2018Progress towards the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed forces and groups, including meeting the specific needs of women and children associated with such groups, as well as weapons control and destruction\u2019Indicators of achievement. The targeted achievement should include the following dimensions: (1) include no more than five clear and measurable indicators; (2) in the first year of a DDR programme, the most important indicators of achievement should relate to the political will of the government to develop and implement the DDR programme; and (3) include baseline information from which increases\/decreases are measured.SAMPLE SET OF DDR INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT \\n \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and subnational DDR institutions, and related weapons control law\u2019 \\n \u2018Establishment of national and sub-national DDR authorities\u2019 \\n \u2018Development of a national DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u201834,000 members of armed forces and groups participate in disarmament, demobilization and community-based reintegration programmes, including 14,000 children released to return to their families\u2019 \\n \u2018Destroyed 4,000 of an estimated 20,000 weapons established in a small arms baseline survey conducted in January 2005\u2019Outputs. When developing the DDR outputs for an RBB framework, programme managers should bear in mind the following considerations: (1) specific references to the time-frame for implementation should be included; (2) DDR technical assistance or advice needs should be further defined to specify what that means in practice and, if possible, quantified (e.g., workshops, training programmes, legislative models, draft work plans); (3) the beneficiaries or recipients of the mission\u2019s efforts should be included in the output description; and (4) the verb should precede the output definition (e.g., Destroyed 9,000 weapons; Chaired 10 community sensitization meetings).SAMPLE SET OF DDR OUTPUTS \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to the National DDR Coordination Council (NDDRCC), regional DDR commissions and their field structures, in collaboration with international financial institutions, international development organizations, non-governmental organizations and donors, in the development and implementation of a national DDR programme for all armed forces and groups\u2019 \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to assist the government in strengthening its capacity (legal, institutional, technical and physical) in the areas of weapons collection, control, management and destruction\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted 10 training courses on DDR and weapons control for the military and civilian authorities in the first 6 months of the mission mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Supported the DDR institutions to collect, store, control and destroy (where applicable and necessary) weapons, as part of the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted with the DDR institutions and in partnership with international research institutions, small arms survey, economic and market surveys, verification of the size of the DDR caseload and eligibility criteria to support the planning of a comprehensive DDR programme in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed options (eligibility criteria, encampment options and integration in civil administration) for force reduction process for the government of national unity\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 15,000 allied militia forces, including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 5,000 members of special groups (women, disabled and veterans), including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical, profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Negotiated and secured the release of 14,000 (UNICEF estimate) children associated with the armed forces and groups, and facilitated their return to their families within 12 months of the mission\u2019s mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented reinsertion support at the community level for 34,000 armed individuals, as well as individuals associated with the armed forces and groups (women and children), in collaboration with the national DDR institutions, and other UN funds, programmes and agencies. Community-based DDR projects include: transitional support programmes; labour-intensive public works; microenterprise support; training; and short-term education support\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented community-based weapons for quick-impact projects programmes in 40 communities in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed and implemented a DDR and small arms sensitization and community mobilization programme in 6 counties of x, inter alia, to develop consensus and support for the national DDR programme at national, regional and local levels, and in particular to encourage the participation of women in the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Organized 10 regional workshops on DDR with x\u2019s military and civilian authorities\u2019External factors. When developing the external factors of the DDR RBB framework, pro- gramme managers are requested to identify those factors that are outside the control of the DDR unit. These should not repeat the factors that have been included in the indicators of achievement.SAMPLE SET OF EXTERNAL FACTORS \\n \u2018Political commitment on the part of the parties to the peace agreement to implement the programme\u2019 [rather than \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and sub-national DDR institutions, and related weapons control laws\u2019 \u2014 which was stated as an indicator of achievement above] \\n \u2018Commitment of non-signatories to the peace process to support the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Timely and adequate funding support from voluntary sources\u2019", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":475, "Sentence":"When developing the external factors of the DDR RBB framework, pro- gramme managers are requested to identify those factors that are outside the control of the DDR unit.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting developing external factor ddr rbb framework pro gramme manager requested identify factor outside control ddr unit ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Annex D.1: Developing an RBB framework", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"DDR objective statement. The DDR objective statement draws its legal foundation from Security Council mission mandates. It is important to note that the DDR objective will not be fully achieved in the lifetime of the peacekeeping mission, although certain specific activities such as the (limited) physical disarmament of combatants may be completed. Other important aspects of DDR such as reintegration, establishment of the legal framework, and the technical and logistic capacity to destroy or make safe small arms and light weapons all extend beyond the duration of a peacekeeping mission. In this regard, the objective statement must reflect the contribution of the peacekeeping mission to the \u2018progress towards\u2019 the DDR objective. \\n SAMPLE DDR OBJECTIVE STATEMENT \\n \u2018Progress towards the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed forces and groups, including meeting the specific needs of women and children associated with such groups, as well as weapons control and destruction\u2019Indicators of achievement. The targeted achievement should include the following dimensions: (1) include no more than five clear and measurable indicators; (2) in the first year of a DDR programme, the most important indicators of achievement should relate to the political will of the government to develop and implement the DDR programme; and (3) include baseline information from which increases\/decreases are measured.SAMPLE SET OF DDR INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT \\n \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and subnational DDR institutions, and related weapons control law\u2019 \\n \u2018Establishment of national and sub-national DDR authorities\u2019 \\n \u2018Development of a national DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u201834,000 members of armed forces and groups participate in disarmament, demobilization and community-based reintegration programmes, including 14,000 children released to return to their families\u2019 \\n \u2018Destroyed 4,000 of an estimated 20,000 weapons established in a small arms baseline survey conducted in January 2005\u2019Outputs. When developing the DDR outputs for an RBB framework, programme managers should bear in mind the following considerations: (1) specific references to the time-frame for implementation should be included; (2) DDR technical assistance or advice needs should be further defined to specify what that means in practice and, if possible, quantified (e.g., workshops, training programmes, legislative models, draft work plans); (3) the beneficiaries or recipients of the mission\u2019s efforts should be included in the output description; and (4) the verb should precede the output definition (e.g., Destroyed 9,000 weapons; Chaired 10 community sensitization meetings).SAMPLE SET OF DDR OUTPUTS \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to the National DDR Coordination Council (NDDRCC), regional DDR commissions and their field structures, in collaboration with international financial institutions, international development organizations, non-governmental organizations and donors, in the development and implementation of a national DDR programme for all armed forces and groups\u2019 \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to assist the government in strengthening its capacity (legal, institutional, technical and physical) in the areas of weapons collection, control, management and destruction\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted 10 training courses on DDR and weapons control for the military and civilian authorities in the first 6 months of the mission mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Supported the DDR institutions to collect, store, control and destroy (where applicable and necessary) weapons, as part of the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted with the DDR institutions and in partnership with international research institutions, small arms survey, economic and market surveys, verification of the size of the DDR caseload and eligibility criteria to support the planning of a comprehensive DDR programme in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed options (eligibility criteria, encampment options and integration in civil administration) for force reduction process for the government of national unity\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 15,000 allied militia forces, including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Disarmed and demobilized 5,000 members of special groups (women, disabled and veterans), including provided related services such as feeding, clothing, civic education, medical, profiling and counselling, education, training and employment referral, transitional safety allowance, training material\u2019 \\n \u2018Negotiated and secured the release of 14,000 (UNICEF estimate) children associated with the armed forces and groups, and facilitated their return to their families within 12 months of the mission\u2019s mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented reinsertion support at the community level for 34,000 armed individuals, as well as individuals associated with the armed forces and groups (women and children), in collaboration with the national DDR institutions, and other UN funds, programmes and agencies. Community-based DDR projects include: transitional support programmes; labour-intensive public works; microenterprise support; training; and short-term education support\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed, coordinated and implemented community-based weapons for quick-impact projects programmes in 40 communities in x\u2019 \\n \u2018Developed and implemented a DDR and small arms sensitization and community mobilization programme in 6 counties of x, inter alia, to develop consensus and support for the national DDR programme at national, regional and local levels, and in particular to encourage the participation of women in the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Organized 10 regional workshops on DDR with x\u2019s military and civilian authorities\u2019External factors. When developing the external factors of the DDR RBB framework, pro- gramme managers are requested to identify those factors that are outside the control of the DDR unit. These should not repeat the factors that have been included in the indicators of achievement.SAMPLE SET OF EXTERNAL FACTORS \\n \u2018Political commitment on the part of the parties to the peace agreement to implement the programme\u2019 [rather than \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and sub-national DDR institutions, and related weapons control laws\u2019 \u2014 which was stated as an indicator of achievement above] \\n \u2018Commitment of non-signatories to the peace process to support the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Timely and adequate funding support from voluntary sources\u2019", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":475, "Sentence":"These should not repeat the factors that have been included in the indicators of achievement.SAMPLE SET OF EXTERNAL FACTORS \\n \u2018Political commitment on the part of the parties to the peace agreement to implement the programme\u2019 [rather than \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and sub-national DDR institutions, and related weapons control laws\u2019 \u2014 which was stated as an indicator of achievement above] \\n \u2018Commitment of non-signatories to the peace process to support the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Timely and adequate funding support from voluntary sources\u2019", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting repeat factor included indicator achievement.sample set external factor n \u2018 political commitment part party peace agreement implement programme \u2019 rather \u2018 transitional government national unity adopts legislation establishing national subnational ddr institution related weapon control law \u2019 \u2014 stated indicator achievement n \u2018 commitment nonsignatories peace process support ddr programme \u2019 n \u2018 timely adequate funding support voluntary source \u2019" }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 For more information, see http:\/\/www.undp.org\/bcpr\/. \\n 2 For more information, see http:\/\/europa.eu.int\/comm\/external_relations\/cpcm\/rrm\/index.html. \\n 3 For more information, see http:\/\/lnweb18.worldbank.org\/ESSD\/sdvext.nsf\/67ByDocName\/The PostConflictFund. \\n 4 A\/C.5\/59\/31.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":476, "Sentence":"1 For more information, see http:\/\/www.undp.org\/bcpr\/.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting 1 information see http\/\/www.undp.org\/bcpr\/ ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 For more information, see http:\/\/www.undp.org\/bcpr\/. \\n 2 For more information, see http:\/\/europa.eu.int\/comm\/external_relations\/cpcm\/rrm\/index.html. \\n 3 For more information, see http:\/\/lnweb18.worldbank.org\/ESSD\/sdvext.nsf\/67ByDocName\/The PostConflictFund. \\n 4 A\/C.5\/59\/31.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":476, "Sentence":"\\n 2 For more information, see http:\/\/europa.eu.int\/comm\/external_relations\/cpcm\/rrm\/index.html.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting n 2 information see http\/\/europa.eu.int\/comm\/externalrelations\/cpcm\/rrm\/index.html ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 For more information, see http:\/\/www.undp.org\/bcpr\/. \\n 2 For more information, see http:\/\/europa.eu.int\/comm\/external_relations\/cpcm\/rrm\/index.html. \\n 3 For more information, see http:\/\/lnweb18.worldbank.org\/ESSD\/sdvext.nsf\/67ByDocName\/The PostConflictFund. \\n 4 A\/C.5\/59\/31.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":476, "Sentence":"\\n 3 For more information, see http:\/\/lnweb18.worldbank.org\/ESSD\/sdvext.nsf\/67ByDocName\/The PostConflictFund.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting n 3 information see http\/\/lnweb18.worldbank.org\/essd\/sdvext.nsf\/67bydocname\/the postconflictfund ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.41-Finance-and-Budgeting", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Finance and Budgeting", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 For more information, see http:\/\/www.undp.org\/bcpr\/. \\n 2 For more information, see http:\/\/europa.eu.int\/comm\/external_relations\/cpcm\/rrm\/index.html. \\n 3 For more information, see http:\/\/lnweb18.worldbank.org\/ESSD\/sdvext.nsf\/67ByDocName\/The PostConflictFund. \\n 4 A\/C.5\/59\/31.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":476, "Sentence":"\\n 4 A\/C.5\/59\/31.", "ProcessedSent":"Finance and Budgeting n 4 a\/c.5\/59\/31 ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Each programme design cycle, including the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme design cycle, has three stages: (1) detailed field assessments; (2) detailed programme development and costing of requirements; and (3) development of an implemen\u00ad tation plan. Throughout the programme design cycle, it is of the utmost importance to use a flexible approach. While experiencing each stage of the cycle and moving from one stage to the other, it is important to ensure coordination among all the participants and stakeholders involved, especially national stakeholders. A framework that would probably work for integrated DDR programme design is the post\u00adconflict needs assessment (PCNA), which ensures consistency between United Nations (UN) and national objectives, while consider\u00ad ing differing approaches to DDR.Before the detailed programme design cycle can even begin, a comprehensive field needs assessment should be carried out, focusing on areas such as the country\u2019s social, economic and political context; possible participants, beneficiaries and partners in the DDR programme; the operational environment; and key priority objectives. This assessment helps to establish important aspects such as positive or negative factors that can affect the outcome of the DDR programme, baseline factors for programme design and identification of institutional capacities for carrying out DDR.During the second stage of the cycle, key considerations include identifying DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as performance indicators, such as reintegration oppor\u00ad tunities, the security situation, size and organization of the armed forces and groups, socio\u00adeconomic baselines, the availability and distribution of weapons, etc. Also, methodolo\u00ad gies for data collection together with analysis of assessment results (quantitative, qualitative, mass surveys, etc.) need to be decided.When developing DDR programme documents, the central content should be informed by strategic objectives and outcomes, key principles of intervention, preconditions and, most importantly, a strategic vision and approach. For example, in determining an overall strategic approach to DDR, the following questions should be asked: (1) How will multiple components of DDR programme design reflect the realities and needs of the situation? (2) How will eligibility criteria for entry in the DDR programme be determined? (3) How will DDR activities be organized into phases and in what order will they take place within the recom\u00ad mended programme time\u00adframe? (4) Which key issues are vital to the implementation of the programme? Defining the overall approach to DDR defines how the DDR programme will, ultimately, be put into operation.When developing the results and budgeting framework, an important consideration should be ensuring that the programme that is designed complies with the peacekeeping results\u00adbased budgeting framework, and establishing a sequence of stages for the implemen\u00ad tation of the programme.The final stage of the DDR programme design cycle should include developing planning instruments to aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. When formulating the sequence of stages for the implementation of the programme, particular attention should be paid to coordinated management arrangements, a detailed work plan, timing and methods of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":477, "Sentence":"Each programme design cycle, including the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme design cycle, has three stages: (1) detailed field assessments; (2) detailed programme development and costing of requirements; and (3) development of an implemen\u00ad tation plan.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design programme design cycle including disarmament demobilization reintegration ddr programme design cycle three stage 1 detailed field assessment 2 detailed programme development costing requirement 3 development implemen\u00ad tation plan ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Each programme design cycle, including the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme design cycle, has three stages: (1) detailed field assessments; (2) detailed programme development and costing of requirements; and (3) development of an implemen\u00ad tation plan. Throughout the programme design cycle, it is of the utmost importance to use a flexible approach. While experiencing each stage of the cycle and moving from one stage to the other, it is important to ensure coordination among all the participants and stakeholders involved, especially national stakeholders. A framework that would probably work for integrated DDR programme design is the post\u00adconflict needs assessment (PCNA), which ensures consistency between United Nations (UN) and national objectives, while consider\u00ad ing differing approaches to DDR.Before the detailed programme design cycle can even begin, a comprehensive field needs assessment should be carried out, focusing on areas such as the country\u2019s social, economic and political context; possible participants, beneficiaries and partners in the DDR programme; the operational environment; and key priority objectives. This assessment helps to establish important aspects such as positive or negative factors that can affect the outcome of the DDR programme, baseline factors for programme design and identification of institutional capacities for carrying out DDR.During the second stage of the cycle, key considerations include identifying DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as performance indicators, such as reintegration oppor\u00ad tunities, the security situation, size and organization of the armed forces and groups, socio\u00adeconomic baselines, the availability and distribution of weapons, etc. Also, methodolo\u00ad gies for data collection together with analysis of assessment results (quantitative, qualitative, mass surveys, etc.) need to be decided.When developing DDR programme documents, the central content should be informed by strategic objectives and outcomes, key principles of intervention, preconditions and, most importantly, a strategic vision and approach. For example, in determining an overall strategic approach to DDR, the following questions should be asked: (1) How will multiple components of DDR programme design reflect the realities and needs of the situation? (2) How will eligibility criteria for entry in the DDR programme be determined? (3) How will DDR activities be organized into phases and in what order will they take place within the recom\u00ad mended programme time\u00adframe? (4) Which key issues are vital to the implementation of the programme? Defining the overall approach to DDR defines how the DDR programme will, ultimately, be put into operation.When developing the results and budgeting framework, an important consideration should be ensuring that the programme that is designed complies with the peacekeeping results\u00adbased budgeting framework, and establishing a sequence of stages for the implemen\u00ad tation of the programme.The final stage of the DDR programme design cycle should include developing planning instruments to aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. When formulating the sequence of stages for the implementation of the programme, particular attention should be paid to coordinated management arrangements, a detailed work plan, timing and methods of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":477, "Sentence":"Throughout the programme design cycle, it is of the utmost importance to use a flexible approach.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design throughout programme design cycle utmost importance use flexible approach ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Each programme design cycle, including the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme design cycle, has three stages: (1) detailed field assessments; (2) detailed programme development and costing of requirements; and (3) development of an implemen\u00ad tation plan. Throughout the programme design cycle, it is of the utmost importance to use a flexible approach. While experiencing each stage of the cycle and moving from one stage to the other, it is important to ensure coordination among all the participants and stakeholders involved, especially national stakeholders. A framework that would probably work for integrated DDR programme design is the post\u00adconflict needs assessment (PCNA), which ensures consistency between United Nations (UN) and national objectives, while consider\u00ad ing differing approaches to DDR.Before the detailed programme design cycle can even begin, a comprehensive field needs assessment should be carried out, focusing on areas such as the country\u2019s social, economic and political context; possible participants, beneficiaries and partners in the DDR programme; the operational environment; and key priority objectives. This assessment helps to establish important aspects such as positive or negative factors that can affect the outcome of the DDR programme, baseline factors for programme design and identification of institutional capacities for carrying out DDR.During the second stage of the cycle, key considerations include identifying DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as performance indicators, such as reintegration oppor\u00ad tunities, the security situation, size and organization of the armed forces and groups, socio\u00adeconomic baselines, the availability and distribution of weapons, etc. Also, methodolo\u00ad gies for data collection together with analysis of assessment results (quantitative, qualitative, mass surveys, etc.) need to be decided.When developing DDR programme documents, the central content should be informed by strategic objectives and outcomes, key principles of intervention, preconditions and, most importantly, a strategic vision and approach. For example, in determining an overall strategic approach to DDR, the following questions should be asked: (1) How will multiple components of DDR programme design reflect the realities and needs of the situation? (2) How will eligibility criteria for entry in the DDR programme be determined? (3) How will DDR activities be organized into phases and in what order will they take place within the recom\u00ad mended programme time\u00adframe? (4) Which key issues are vital to the implementation of the programme? Defining the overall approach to DDR defines how the DDR programme will, ultimately, be put into operation.When developing the results and budgeting framework, an important consideration should be ensuring that the programme that is designed complies with the peacekeeping results\u00adbased budgeting framework, and establishing a sequence of stages for the implemen\u00ad tation of the programme.The final stage of the DDR programme design cycle should include developing planning instruments to aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. When formulating the sequence of stages for the implementation of the programme, particular attention should be paid to coordinated management arrangements, a detailed work plan, timing and methods of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":477, "Sentence":"While experiencing each stage of the cycle and moving from one stage to the other, it is important to ensure coordination among all the participants and stakeholders involved, especially national stakeholders.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design experiencing stage cycle moving one stage important ensure coordination among participant stakeholder involved especially national stakeholder ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Each programme design cycle, including the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme design cycle, has three stages: (1) detailed field assessments; (2) detailed programme development and costing of requirements; and (3) development of an implemen\u00ad tation plan. Throughout the programme design cycle, it is of the utmost importance to use a flexible approach. While experiencing each stage of the cycle and moving from one stage to the other, it is important to ensure coordination among all the participants and stakeholders involved, especially national stakeholders. A framework that would probably work for integrated DDR programme design is the post\u00adconflict needs assessment (PCNA), which ensures consistency between United Nations (UN) and national objectives, while consider\u00ad ing differing approaches to DDR.Before the detailed programme design cycle can even begin, a comprehensive field needs assessment should be carried out, focusing on areas such as the country\u2019s social, economic and political context; possible participants, beneficiaries and partners in the DDR programme; the operational environment; and key priority objectives. This assessment helps to establish important aspects such as positive or negative factors that can affect the outcome of the DDR programme, baseline factors for programme design and identification of institutional capacities for carrying out DDR.During the second stage of the cycle, key considerations include identifying DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as performance indicators, such as reintegration oppor\u00ad tunities, the security situation, size and organization of the armed forces and groups, socio\u00adeconomic baselines, the availability and distribution of weapons, etc. Also, methodolo\u00ad gies for data collection together with analysis of assessment results (quantitative, qualitative, mass surveys, etc.) need to be decided.When developing DDR programme documents, the central content should be informed by strategic objectives and outcomes, key principles of intervention, preconditions and, most importantly, a strategic vision and approach. For example, in determining an overall strategic approach to DDR, the following questions should be asked: (1) How will multiple components of DDR programme design reflect the realities and needs of the situation? (2) How will eligibility criteria for entry in the DDR programme be determined? (3) How will DDR activities be organized into phases and in what order will they take place within the recom\u00ad mended programme time\u00adframe? (4) Which key issues are vital to the implementation of the programme? Defining the overall approach to DDR defines how the DDR programme will, ultimately, be put into operation.When developing the results and budgeting framework, an important consideration should be ensuring that the programme that is designed complies with the peacekeeping results\u00adbased budgeting framework, and establishing a sequence of stages for the implemen\u00ad tation of the programme.The final stage of the DDR programme design cycle should include developing planning instruments to aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. When formulating the sequence of stages for the implementation of the programme, particular attention should be paid to coordinated management arrangements, a detailed work plan, timing and methods of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":477, "Sentence":"A framework that would probably work for integrated DDR programme design is the post\u00adconflict needs assessment (PCNA), which ensures consistency between United Nations (UN) and national objectives, while consider\u00ad ing differing approaches to DDR.Before the detailed programme design cycle can even begin, a comprehensive field needs assessment should be carried out, focusing on areas such as the country\u2019s social, economic and political context; possible participants, beneficiaries and partners in the DDR programme; the operational environment; and key priority objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design framework would probably work integrated ddr programme design post\u00adconflict need assessment pcna ensures consistency united nation un national objective consider\u00ad ing differing approach ddr.before detailed programme design cycle even begin comprehensive field need assessment carried focusing area country \u2019 social economic political context possible participant beneficiary partner ddr programme operational environment key priority objective ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Each programme design cycle, including the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme design cycle, has three stages: (1) detailed field assessments; (2) detailed programme development and costing of requirements; and (3) development of an implemen\u00ad tation plan. Throughout the programme design cycle, it is of the utmost importance to use a flexible approach. While experiencing each stage of the cycle and moving from one stage to the other, it is important to ensure coordination among all the participants and stakeholders involved, especially national stakeholders. A framework that would probably work for integrated DDR programme design is the post\u00adconflict needs assessment (PCNA), which ensures consistency between United Nations (UN) and national objectives, while consider\u00ad ing differing approaches to DDR.Before the detailed programme design cycle can even begin, a comprehensive field needs assessment should be carried out, focusing on areas such as the country\u2019s social, economic and political context; possible participants, beneficiaries and partners in the DDR programme; the operational environment; and key priority objectives. This assessment helps to establish important aspects such as positive or negative factors that can affect the outcome of the DDR programme, baseline factors for programme design and identification of institutional capacities for carrying out DDR.During the second stage of the cycle, key considerations include identifying DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as performance indicators, such as reintegration oppor\u00ad tunities, the security situation, size and organization of the armed forces and groups, socio\u00adeconomic baselines, the availability and distribution of weapons, etc. Also, methodolo\u00ad gies for data collection together with analysis of assessment results (quantitative, qualitative, mass surveys, etc.) need to be decided.When developing DDR programme documents, the central content should be informed by strategic objectives and outcomes, key principles of intervention, preconditions and, most importantly, a strategic vision and approach. For example, in determining an overall strategic approach to DDR, the following questions should be asked: (1) How will multiple components of DDR programme design reflect the realities and needs of the situation? (2) How will eligibility criteria for entry in the DDR programme be determined? (3) How will DDR activities be organized into phases and in what order will they take place within the recom\u00ad mended programme time\u00adframe? (4) Which key issues are vital to the implementation of the programme? Defining the overall approach to DDR defines how the DDR programme will, ultimately, be put into operation.When developing the results and budgeting framework, an important consideration should be ensuring that the programme that is designed complies with the peacekeeping results\u00adbased budgeting framework, and establishing a sequence of stages for the implemen\u00ad tation of the programme.The final stage of the DDR programme design cycle should include developing planning instruments to aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. When formulating the sequence of stages for the implementation of the programme, particular attention should be paid to coordinated management arrangements, a detailed work plan, timing and methods of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":477, "Sentence":"This assessment helps to establish important aspects such as positive or negative factors that can affect the outcome of the DDR programme, baseline factors for programme design and identification of institutional capacities for carrying out DDR.During the second stage of the cycle, key considerations include identifying DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as performance indicators, such as reintegration oppor\u00ad tunities, the security situation, size and organization of the armed forces and groups, socio\u00adeconomic baselines, the availability and distribution of weapons, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design assessment help establish important aspect positive negative factor affect outcome ddr programme baseline factor programme design identification institutional capacity carrying ddr.during second stage cycle key consideration include identifying ddr participant beneficiary well performance indicator reintegration oppor\u00ad tunities security situation size organization armed force group socio\u00adeconomic baseline availability distribution weapon etc ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Each programme design cycle, including the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme design cycle, has three stages: (1) detailed field assessments; (2) detailed programme development and costing of requirements; and (3) development of an implemen\u00ad tation plan. Throughout the programme design cycle, it is of the utmost importance to use a flexible approach. While experiencing each stage of the cycle and moving from one stage to the other, it is important to ensure coordination among all the participants and stakeholders involved, especially national stakeholders. A framework that would probably work for integrated DDR programme design is the post\u00adconflict needs assessment (PCNA), which ensures consistency between United Nations (UN) and national objectives, while consider\u00ad ing differing approaches to DDR.Before the detailed programme design cycle can even begin, a comprehensive field needs assessment should be carried out, focusing on areas such as the country\u2019s social, economic and political context; possible participants, beneficiaries and partners in the DDR programme; the operational environment; and key priority objectives. This assessment helps to establish important aspects such as positive or negative factors that can affect the outcome of the DDR programme, baseline factors for programme design and identification of institutional capacities for carrying out DDR.During the second stage of the cycle, key considerations include identifying DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as performance indicators, such as reintegration oppor\u00ad tunities, the security situation, size and organization of the armed forces and groups, socio\u00adeconomic baselines, the availability and distribution of weapons, etc. Also, methodolo\u00ad gies for data collection together with analysis of assessment results (quantitative, qualitative, mass surveys, etc.) need to be decided.When developing DDR programme documents, the central content should be informed by strategic objectives and outcomes, key principles of intervention, preconditions and, most importantly, a strategic vision and approach. For example, in determining an overall strategic approach to DDR, the following questions should be asked: (1) How will multiple components of DDR programme design reflect the realities and needs of the situation? (2) How will eligibility criteria for entry in the DDR programme be determined? (3) How will DDR activities be organized into phases and in what order will they take place within the recom\u00ad mended programme time\u00adframe? (4) Which key issues are vital to the implementation of the programme? Defining the overall approach to DDR defines how the DDR programme will, ultimately, be put into operation.When developing the results and budgeting framework, an important consideration should be ensuring that the programme that is designed complies with the peacekeeping results\u00adbased budgeting framework, and establishing a sequence of stages for the implemen\u00ad tation of the programme.The final stage of the DDR programme design cycle should include developing planning instruments to aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. When formulating the sequence of stages for the implementation of the programme, particular attention should be paid to coordinated management arrangements, a detailed work plan, timing and methods of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":477, "Sentence":"Also, methodolo\u00ad gies for data collection together with analysis of assessment results (quantitative, qualitative, mass surveys, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design also methodolo\u00ad gy data collection together analysis assessment result quantitative qualitative mass survey etc ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Each programme design cycle, including the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme design cycle, has three stages: (1) detailed field assessments; (2) detailed programme development and costing of requirements; and (3) development of an implemen\u00ad tation plan. Throughout the programme design cycle, it is of the utmost importance to use a flexible approach. While experiencing each stage of the cycle and moving from one stage to the other, it is important to ensure coordination among all the participants and stakeholders involved, especially national stakeholders. A framework that would probably work for integrated DDR programme design is the post\u00adconflict needs assessment (PCNA), which ensures consistency between United Nations (UN) and national objectives, while consider\u00ad ing differing approaches to DDR.Before the detailed programme design cycle can even begin, a comprehensive field needs assessment should be carried out, focusing on areas such as the country\u2019s social, economic and political context; possible participants, beneficiaries and partners in the DDR programme; the operational environment; and key priority objectives. This assessment helps to establish important aspects such as positive or negative factors that can affect the outcome of the DDR programme, baseline factors for programme design and identification of institutional capacities for carrying out DDR.During the second stage of the cycle, key considerations include identifying DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as performance indicators, such as reintegration oppor\u00ad tunities, the security situation, size and organization of the armed forces and groups, socio\u00adeconomic baselines, the availability and distribution of weapons, etc. Also, methodolo\u00ad gies for data collection together with analysis of assessment results (quantitative, qualitative, mass surveys, etc.) need to be decided.When developing DDR programme documents, the central content should be informed by strategic objectives and outcomes, key principles of intervention, preconditions and, most importantly, a strategic vision and approach. For example, in determining an overall strategic approach to DDR, the following questions should be asked: (1) How will multiple components of DDR programme design reflect the realities and needs of the situation? (2) How will eligibility criteria for entry in the DDR programme be determined? (3) How will DDR activities be organized into phases and in what order will they take place within the recom\u00ad mended programme time\u00adframe? (4) Which key issues are vital to the implementation of the programme? Defining the overall approach to DDR defines how the DDR programme will, ultimately, be put into operation.When developing the results and budgeting framework, an important consideration should be ensuring that the programme that is designed complies with the peacekeeping results\u00adbased budgeting framework, and establishing a sequence of stages for the implemen\u00ad tation of the programme.The final stage of the DDR programme design cycle should include developing planning instruments to aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. When formulating the sequence of stages for the implementation of the programme, particular attention should be paid to coordinated management arrangements, a detailed work plan, timing and methods of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":477, "Sentence":"need to be decided.When developing DDR programme documents, the central content should be informed by strategic objectives and outcomes, key principles of intervention, preconditions and, most importantly, a strategic vision and approach.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design need decided.when developing ddr programme document central content informed strategic objective outcome key principle intervention precondition importantly strategic vision approach ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Each programme design cycle, including the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme design cycle, has three stages: (1) detailed field assessments; (2) detailed programme development and costing of requirements; and (3) development of an implemen\u00ad tation plan. Throughout the programme design cycle, it is of the utmost importance to use a flexible approach. While experiencing each stage of the cycle and moving from one stage to the other, it is important to ensure coordination among all the participants and stakeholders involved, especially national stakeholders. A framework that would probably work for integrated DDR programme design is the post\u00adconflict needs assessment (PCNA), which ensures consistency between United Nations (UN) and national objectives, while consider\u00ad ing differing approaches to DDR.Before the detailed programme design cycle can even begin, a comprehensive field needs assessment should be carried out, focusing on areas such as the country\u2019s social, economic and political context; possible participants, beneficiaries and partners in the DDR programme; the operational environment; and key priority objectives. This assessment helps to establish important aspects such as positive or negative factors that can affect the outcome of the DDR programme, baseline factors for programme design and identification of institutional capacities for carrying out DDR.During the second stage of the cycle, key considerations include identifying DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as performance indicators, such as reintegration oppor\u00ad tunities, the security situation, size and organization of the armed forces and groups, socio\u00adeconomic baselines, the availability and distribution of weapons, etc. Also, methodolo\u00ad gies for data collection together with analysis of assessment results (quantitative, qualitative, mass surveys, etc.) need to be decided.When developing DDR programme documents, the central content should be informed by strategic objectives and outcomes, key principles of intervention, preconditions and, most importantly, a strategic vision and approach. For example, in determining an overall strategic approach to DDR, the following questions should be asked: (1) How will multiple components of DDR programme design reflect the realities and needs of the situation? (2) How will eligibility criteria for entry in the DDR programme be determined? (3) How will DDR activities be organized into phases and in what order will they take place within the recom\u00ad mended programme time\u00adframe? (4) Which key issues are vital to the implementation of the programme? Defining the overall approach to DDR defines how the DDR programme will, ultimately, be put into operation.When developing the results and budgeting framework, an important consideration should be ensuring that the programme that is designed complies with the peacekeeping results\u00adbased budgeting framework, and establishing a sequence of stages for the implemen\u00ad tation of the programme.The final stage of the DDR programme design cycle should include developing planning instruments to aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. When formulating the sequence of stages for the implementation of the programme, particular attention should be paid to coordinated management arrangements, a detailed work plan, timing and methods of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":477, "Sentence":"For example, in determining an overall strategic approach to DDR, the following questions should be asked: (1) How will multiple components of DDR programme design reflect the realities and needs of the situation?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design example determining overall strategic approach ddr following question asked 1 multiple component ddr programme design reflect reality need situation" }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Each programme design cycle, including the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme design cycle, has three stages: (1) detailed field assessments; (2) detailed programme development and costing of requirements; and (3) development of an implemen\u00ad tation plan. Throughout the programme design cycle, it is of the utmost importance to use a flexible approach. While experiencing each stage of the cycle and moving from one stage to the other, it is important to ensure coordination among all the participants and stakeholders involved, especially national stakeholders. A framework that would probably work for integrated DDR programme design is the post\u00adconflict needs assessment (PCNA), which ensures consistency between United Nations (UN) and national objectives, while consider\u00ad ing differing approaches to DDR.Before the detailed programme design cycle can even begin, a comprehensive field needs assessment should be carried out, focusing on areas such as the country\u2019s social, economic and political context; possible participants, beneficiaries and partners in the DDR programme; the operational environment; and key priority objectives. This assessment helps to establish important aspects such as positive or negative factors that can affect the outcome of the DDR programme, baseline factors for programme design and identification of institutional capacities for carrying out DDR.During the second stage of the cycle, key considerations include identifying DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as performance indicators, such as reintegration oppor\u00ad tunities, the security situation, size and organization of the armed forces and groups, socio\u00adeconomic baselines, the availability and distribution of weapons, etc. Also, methodolo\u00ad gies for data collection together with analysis of assessment results (quantitative, qualitative, mass surveys, etc.) need to be decided.When developing DDR programme documents, the central content should be informed by strategic objectives and outcomes, key principles of intervention, preconditions and, most importantly, a strategic vision and approach. For example, in determining an overall strategic approach to DDR, the following questions should be asked: (1) How will multiple components of DDR programme design reflect the realities and needs of the situation? (2) How will eligibility criteria for entry in the DDR programme be determined? (3) How will DDR activities be organized into phases and in what order will they take place within the recom\u00ad mended programme time\u00adframe? (4) Which key issues are vital to the implementation of the programme? Defining the overall approach to DDR defines how the DDR programme will, ultimately, be put into operation.When developing the results and budgeting framework, an important consideration should be ensuring that the programme that is designed complies with the peacekeeping results\u00adbased budgeting framework, and establishing a sequence of stages for the implemen\u00ad tation of the programme.The final stage of the DDR programme design cycle should include developing planning instruments to aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. When formulating the sequence of stages for the implementation of the programme, particular attention should be paid to coordinated management arrangements, a detailed work plan, timing and methods of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":477, "Sentence":"(2) How will eligibility criteria for entry in the DDR programme be determined?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design 2 eligibility criterion entry ddr programme determined" }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Each programme design cycle, including the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme design cycle, has three stages: (1) detailed field assessments; (2) detailed programme development and costing of requirements; and (3) development of an implemen\u00ad tation plan. Throughout the programme design cycle, it is of the utmost importance to use a flexible approach. While experiencing each stage of the cycle and moving from one stage to the other, it is important to ensure coordination among all the participants and stakeholders involved, especially national stakeholders. A framework that would probably work for integrated DDR programme design is the post\u00adconflict needs assessment (PCNA), which ensures consistency between United Nations (UN) and national objectives, while consider\u00ad ing differing approaches to DDR.Before the detailed programme design cycle can even begin, a comprehensive field needs assessment should be carried out, focusing on areas such as the country\u2019s social, economic and political context; possible participants, beneficiaries and partners in the DDR programme; the operational environment; and key priority objectives. This assessment helps to establish important aspects such as positive or negative factors that can affect the outcome of the DDR programme, baseline factors for programme design and identification of institutional capacities for carrying out DDR.During the second stage of the cycle, key considerations include identifying DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as performance indicators, such as reintegration oppor\u00ad tunities, the security situation, size and organization of the armed forces and groups, socio\u00adeconomic baselines, the availability and distribution of weapons, etc. Also, methodolo\u00ad gies for data collection together with analysis of assessment results (quantitative, qualitative, mass surveys, etc.) need to be decided.When developing DDR programme documents, the central content should be informed by strategic objectives and outcomes, key principles of intervention, preconditions and, most importantly, a strategic vision and approach. For example, in determining an overall strategic approach to DDR, the following questions should be asked: (1) How will multiple components of DDR programme design reflect the realities and needs of the situation? (2) How will eligibility criteria for entry in the DDR programme be determined? (3) How will DDR activities be organized into phases and in what order will they take place within the recom\u00ad mended programme time\u00adframe? (4) Which key issues are vital to the implementation of the programme? Defining the overall approach to DDR defines how the DDR programme will, ultimately, be put into operation.When developing the results and budgeting framework, an important consideration should be ensuring that the programme that is designed complies with the peacekeeping results\u00adbased budgeting framework, and establishing a sequence of stages for the implemen\u00ad tation of the programme.The final stage of the DDR programme design cycle should include developing planning instruments to aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. When formulating the sequence of stages for the implementation of the programme, particular attention should be paid to coordinated management arrangements, a detailed work plan, timing and methods of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":477, "Sentence":"(3) How will DDR activities be organized into phases and in what order will they take place within the recom\u00ad mended programme time\u00adframe?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design 3 ddr activity organized phase order take place within recom\u00ad mended programme time\u00adframe" }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Each programme design cycle, including the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme design cycle, has three stages: (1) detailed field assessments; (2) detailed programme development and costing of requirements; and (3) development of an implemen\u00ad tation plan. Throughout the programme design cycle, it is of the utmost importance to use a flexible approach. While experiencing each stage of the cycle and moving from one stage to the other, it is important to ensure coordination among all the participants and stakeholders involved, especially national stakeholders. A framework that would probably work for integrated DDR programme design is the post\u00adconflict needs assessment (PCNA), which ensures consistency between United Nations (UN) and national objectives, while consider\u00ad ing differing approaches to DDR.Before the detailed programme design cycle can even begin, a comprehensive field needs assessment should be carried out, focusing on areas such as the country\u2019s social, economic and political context; possible participants, beneficiaries and partners in the DDR programme; the operational environment; and key priority objectives. This assessment helps to establish important aspects such as positive or negative factors that can affect the outcome of the DDR programme, baseline factors for programme design and identification of institutional capacities for carrying out DDR.During the second stage of the cycle, key considerations include identifying DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as performance indicators, such as reintegration oppor\u00ad tunities, the security situation, size and organization of the armed forces and groups, socio\u00adeconomic baselines, the availability and distribution of weapons, etc. Also, methodolo\u00ad gies for data collection together with analysis of assessment results (quantitative, qualitative, mass surveys, etc.) need to be decided.When developing DDR programme documents, the central content should be informed by strategic objectives and outcomes, key principles of intervention, preconditions and, most importantly, a strategic vision and approach. For example, in determining an overall strategic approach to DDR, the following questions should be asked: (1) How will multiple components of DDR programme design reflect the realities and needs of the situation? (2) How will eligibility criteria for entry in the DDR programme be determined? (3) How will DDR activities be organized into phases and in what order will they take place within the recom\u00ad mended programme time\u00adframe? (4) Which key issues are vital to the implementation of the programme? Defining the overall approach to DDR defines how the DDR programme will, ultimately, be put into operation.When developing the results and budgeting framework, an important consideration should be ensuring that the programme that is designed complies with the peacekeeping results\u00adbased budgeting framework, and establishing a sequence of stages for the implemen\u00ad tation of the programme.The final stage of the DDR programme design cycle should include developing planning instruments to aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. When formulating the sequence of stages for the implementation of the programme, particular attention should be paid to coordinated management arrangements, a detailed work plan, timing and methods of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":477, "Sentence":"(4) Which key issues are vital to the implementation of the programme?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design 4 key issue vital implementation programme" }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Each programme design cycle, including the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme design cycle, has three stages: (1) detailed field assessments; (2) detailed programme development and costing of requirements; and (3) development of an implemen\u00ad tation plan. Throughout the programme design cycle, it is of the utmost importance to use a flexible approach. While experiencing each stage of the cycle and moving from one stage to the other, it is important to ensure coordination among all the participants and stakeholders involved, especially national stakeholders. A framework that would probably work for integrated DDR programme design is the post\u00adconflict needs assessment (PCNA), which ensures consistency between United Nations (UN) and national objectives, while consider\u00ad ing differing approaches to DDR.Before the detailed programme design cycle can even begin, a comprehensive field needs assessment should be carried out, focusing on areas such as the country\u2019s social, economic and political context; possible participants, beneficiaries and partners in the DDR programme; the operational environment; and key priority objectives. This assessment helps to establish important aspects such as positive or negative factors that can affect the outcome of the DDR programme, baseline factors for programme design and identification of institutional capacities for carrying out DDR.During the second stage of the cycle, key considerations include identifying DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as performance indicators, such as reintegration oppor\u00ad tunities, the security situation, size and organization of the armed forces and groups, socio\u00adeconomic baselines, the availability and distribution of weapons, etc. Also, methodolo\u00ad gies for data collection together with analysis of assessment results (quantitative, qualitative, mass surveys, etc.) need to be decided.When developing DDR programme documents, the central content should be informed by strategic objectives and outcomes, key principles of intervention, preconditions and, most importantly, a strategic vision and approach. For example, in determining an overall strategic approach to DDR, the following questions should be asked: (1) How will multiple components of DDR programme design reflect the realities and needs of the situation? (2) How will eligibility criteria for entry in the DDR programme be determined? (3) How will DDR activities be organized into phases and in what order will they take place within the recom\u00ad mended programme time\u00adframe? (4) Which key issues are vital to the implementation of the programme? Defining the overall approach to DDR defines how the DDR programme will, ultimately, be put into operation.When developing the results and budgeting framework, an important consideration should be ensuring that the programme that is designed complies with the peacekeeping results\u00adbased budgeting framework, and establishing a sequence of stages for the implemen\u00ad tation of the programme.The final stage of the DDR programme design cycle should include developing planning instruments to aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. When formulating the sequence of stages for the implementation of the programme, particular attention should be paid to coordinated management arrangements, a detailed work plan, timing and methods of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":477, "Sentence":"Defining the overall approach to DDR defines how the DDR programme will, ultimately, be put into operation.When developing the results and budgeting framework, an important consideration should be ensuring that the programme that is designed complies with the peacekeeping results\u00adbased budgeting framework, and establishing a sequence of stages for the implemen\u00ad tation of the programme.The final stage of the DDR programme design cycle should include developing planning instruments to aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design defining overall approach ddr defines ddr programme ultimately put operation.when developing result budgeting framework important consideration ensuring programme designed complies peacekeeping results\u00adbased budgeting framework establishing sequence stage implemen\u00ad tation programme.the final stage ddr programme design cycle include developing planning instrument aid practitioner un non\u00adun government implement activity strategy planned ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Each programme design cycle, including the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme design cycle, has three stages: (1) detailed field assessments; (2) detailed programme development and costing of requirements; and (3) development of an implemen\u00ad tation plan. Throughout the programme design cycle, it is of the utmost importance to use a flexible approach. While experiencing each stage of the cycle and moving from one stage to the other, it is important to ensure coordination among all the participants and stakeholders involved, especially national stakeholders. A framework that would probably work for integrated DDR programme design is the post\u00adconflict needs assessment (PCNA), which ensures consistency between United Nations (UN) and national objectives, while consider\u00ad ing differing approaches to DDR.Before the detailed programme design cycle can even begin, a comprehensive field needs assessment should be carried out, focusing on areas such as the country\u2019s social, economic and political context; possible participants, beneficiaries and partners in the DDR programme; the operational environment; and key priority objectives. This assessment helps to establish important aspects such as positive or negative factors that can affect the outcome of the DDR programme, baseline factors for programme design and identification of institutional capacities for carrying out DDR.During the second stage of the cycle, key considerations include identifying DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as performance indicators, such as reintegration oppor\u00ad tunities, the security situation, size and organization of the armed forces and groups, socio\u00adeconomic baselines, the availability and distribution of weapons, etc. Also, methodolo\u00ad gies for data collection together with analysis of assessment results (quantitative, qualitative, mass surveys, etc.) need to be decided.When developing DDR programme documents, the central content should be informed by strategic objectives and outcomes, key principles of intervention, preconditions and, most importantly, a strategic vision and approach. For example, in determining an overall strategic approach to DDR, the following questions should be asked: (1) How will multiple components of DDR programme design reflect the realities and needs of the situation? (2) How will eligibility criteria for entry in the DDR programme be determined? (3) How will DDR activities be organized into phases and in what order will they take place within the recom\u00ad mended programme time\u00adframe? (4) Which key issues are vital to the implementation of the programme? Defining the overall approach to DDR defines how the DDR programme will, ultimately, be put into operation.When developing the results and budgeting framework, an important consideration should be ensuring that the programme that is designed complies with the peacekeeping results\u00adbased budgeting framework, and establishing a sequence of stages for the implemen\u00ad tation of the programme.The final stage of the DDR programme design cycle should include developing planning instruments to aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. When formulating the sequence of stages for the implementation of the programme, particular attention should be paid to coordinated management arrangements, a detailed work plan, timing and methods of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":477, "Sentence":"When formulating the sequence of stages for the implementation of the programme, particular attention should be paid to coordinated management arrangements, a detailed work plan, timing and methods of implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design formulating sequence stage implementation programme particular attention paid coordinated management arrangement detailed work plan timing method implementation ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module provides guidance on how to develop a DDR programme. It is therefore the fourth stage of the overall DDR planning cycle, following the assessment of DDR require\u00ad ments (which forms the basis for the DDR mandate) and the development of a strategic and policy framework for UN support to DDR (which covers key objectives, activities, basic insti\u00ad tutional\/operational requirements, and links with the joint assessment mission (JAM) and other processes; also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures).This module does not deal with the actual content of DDR processes (which is covered in IDDRS Levels 4 and 5), but rather describes the methods, procedures and steps neces\u00ad sary for the development of a programme strategy, results framework and operational plan. Assessments are essential to the success or failure of a programme, and not a mere formality.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":478, "Sentence":"This module provides guidance on how to develop a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design module provides guidance develop ddr programme ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module provides guidance on how to develop a DDR programme. It is therefore the fourth stage of the overall DDR planning cycle, following the assessment of DDR require\u00ad ments (which forms the basis for the DDR mandate) and the development of a strategic and policy framework for UN support to DDR (which covers key objectives, activities, basic insti\u00ad tutional\/operational requirements, and links with the joint assessment mission (JAM) and other processes; also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures).This module does not deal with the actual content of DDR processes (which is covered in IDDRS Levels 4 and 5), but rather describes the methods, procedures and steps neces\u00ad sary for the development of a programme strategy, results framework and operational plan. Assessments are essential to the success or failure of a programme, and not a mere formality.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":478, "Sentence":"It is therefore the fourth stage of the overall DDR planning cycle, following the assessment of DDR require\u00ad ments (which forms the basis for the DDR mandate) and the development of a strategic and policy framework for UN support to DDR (which covers key objectives, activities, basic insti\u00ad tutional\/operational requirements, and links with the joint assessment mission (JAM) and other processes; also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures).This module does not deal with the actual content of DDR processes (which is covered in IDDRS Levels 4 and 5), but rather describes the methods, procedures and steps neces\u00ad sary for the development of a programme strategy, results framework and operational plan.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design therefore fourth stage overall ddr planning cycle following assessment ddr require\u00ad ments form basis ddr mandate development strategic policy framework un support ddr cover key objective activity basic insti\u00ad tutional\/operational requirement link joint assessment mission jam process also see iddrs 3.10 integrated ddr planning process structures.this module deal actual content ddr process covered iddrs level 4 5 rather describes method procedure step neces\u00ad sary development programme strategy result framework operational plan ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module provides guidance on how to develop a DDR programme. It is therefore the fourth stage of the overall DDR planning cycle, following the assessment of DDR require\u00ad ments (which forms the basis for the DDR mandate) and the development of a strategic and policy framework for UN support to DDR (which covers key objectives, activities, basic insti\u00ad tutional\/operational requirements, and links with the joint assessment mission (JAM) and other processes; also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures).This module does not deal with the actual content of DDR processes (which is covered in IDDRS Levels 4 and 5), but rather describes the methods, procedures and steps neces\u00ad sary for the development of a programme strategy, results framework and operational plan. Assessments are essential to the success or failure of a programme, and not a mere formality.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":478, "Sentence":"Assessments are essential to the success or failure of a programme, and not a mere formality.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design assessment essential success failure programme mere formality ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of inte\u00ad grated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":479, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design annex contains list term definition abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of inte\u00ad grated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":479, "Sentence":"A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of inte\u00ad grated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design complete glossary term definition abbreviation used series inte\u00ad grated ddr standard iddrs given iddrs 1.20.in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of inte\u00ad grated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":479, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design use consistent language used international organization standardization standard guideline n \u201c \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of inte\u00ad grated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":479, "Sentence":"\\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of inte\u00ad grated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":479, "Sentence":"\\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action . \u201d" }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In the past, the quality, consistency and effectiveness of UN support for DDR has sufferred as a result of a number of problems, including a narrowly defined \u2018operational\/logistic\u2019 approach, inadequate attention to the national and local context, and poor coordination between UN actors and other partners in the delivery of DDR support services.The IDDRS are intended to solve most of these problems. The application of an inte\u00ad grated approach to DDR should go beyond integrated or joint planning and organizational arrangements, and should be supported by an integrated programme and implementation framework for DDR.In order to do this, the inputs of various agencies need to be defined, organized and placed in sequence within a framework of objectives, results and outputs that together establish how the UN will support each DDR process. The need for an all\u00adinclusive pro\u00adgramme and implementation framework is emphasized by the lengthy time\u00adframe of DDR (which in some cases can go beyond the lifespan of a UN peacekeeping mission, necessitating close cooperation with the UN country team), the multisectoral nature of interventions, the range of sub\u00adprocesses and stakeholders, and the need to ensure close coordination with national and other DDR\u00adrelated efforts.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":480, "Sentence":"In the past, the quality, consistency and effectiveness of UN support for DDR has sufferred as a result of a number of problems, including a narrowly defined \u2018operational\/logistic\u2019 approach, inadequate attention to the national and local context, and poor coordination between UN actors and other partners in the delivery of DDR support services.The IDDRS are intended to solve most of these problems.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design past quality consistency effectiveness un support ddr sufferred result number problem including narrowly defined \u2018 operational\/logistic \u2019 approach inadequate attention national local context poor coordination un actor partner delivery ddr support services.the iddrs intended solve problem ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In the past, the quality, consistency and effectiveness of UN support for DDR has sufferred as a result of a number of problems, including a narrowly defined \u2018operational\/logistic\u2019 approach, inadequate attention to the national and local context, and poor coordination between UN actors and other partners in the delivery of DDR support services.The IDDRS are intended to solve most of these problems. The application of an inte\u00ad grated approach to DDR should go beyond integrated or joint planning and organizational arrangements, and should be supported by an integrated programme and implementation framework for DDR.In order to do this, the inputs of various agencies need to be defined, organized and placed in sequence within a framework of objectives, results and outputs that together establish how the UN will support each DDR process. The need for an all\u00adinclusive pro\u00adgramme and implementation framework is emphasized by the lengthy time\u00adframe of DDR (which in some cases can go beyond the lifespan of a UN peacekeeping mission, necessitating close cooperation with the UN country team), the multisectoral nature of interventions, the range of sub\u00adprocesses and stakeholders, and the need to ensure close coordination with national and other DDR\u00adrelated efforts.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":480, "Sentence":"The application of an inte\u00ad grated approach to DDR should go beyond integrated or joint planning and organizational arrangements, and should be supported by an integrated programme and implementation framework for DDR.In order to do this, the inputs of various agencies need to be defined, organized and placed in sequence within a framework of objectives, results and outputs that together establish how the UN will support each DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design application inte\u00ad grated approach ddr go beyond integrated joint planning organizational arrangement supported integrated programme implementation framework ddr.in order input various agency need defined organized placed sequence within framework objective result output together establish un support ddr process ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In the past, the quality, consistency and effectiveness of UN support for DDR has sufferred as a result of a number of problems, including a narrowly defined \u2018operational\/logistic\u2019 approach, inadequate attention to the national and local context, and poor coordination between UN actors and other partners in the delivery of DDR support services.The IDDRS are intended to solve most of these problems. The application of an inte\u00ad grated approach to DDR should go beyond integrated or joint planning and organizational arrangements, and should be supported by an integrated programme and implementation framework for DDR.In order to do this, the inputs of various agencies need to be defined, organized and placed in sequence within a framework of objectives, results and outputs that together establish how the UN will support each DDR process. The need for an all\u00adinclusive pro\u00adgramme and implementation framework is emphasized by the lengthy time\u00adframe of DDR (which in some cases can go beyond the lifespan of a UN peacekeeping mission, necessitating close cooperation with the UN country team), the multisectoral nature of interventions, the range of sub\u00adprocesses and stakeholders, and the need to ensure close coordination with national and other DDR\u00adrelated efforts.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":480, "Sentence":"The need for an all\u00adinclusive pro\u00adgramme and implementation framework is emphasized by the lengthy time\u00adframe of DDR (which in some cases can go beyond the lifespan of a UN peacekeeping mission, necessitating close cooperation with the UN country team), the multisectoral nature of interventions, the range of sub\u00adprocesses and stakeholders, and the need to ensure close coordination with national and other DDR\u00adrelated efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design need all\u00adinclusive pro\u00adgramme implementation framework emphasized lengthy time\u00adframe ddr case go beyond lifespan un peacekeeping mission necessitating close cooperation un country team multisectoral nature intervention range sub\u00adprocesses stakeholder need ensure close coordination national ddr\u00adrelated effort ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"4. The programme design cycle", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR programme and implementation plans are developed so as to provide further details on the activities and operational requirements necessary to achieve DDR goals and carry out the strategy identified in the initial planning of DDR. In the context of integrated DDR approaches, DDR programmes also provide a common framework for the implementation and management of joint activities among actors in the UN system.In general, the programme design cycle consists of three main stages: \\n I: Conducting a detailed field assessment; \\n II: Preparing the programme document and budget; \\n III: Developing an implementation plan.Given that the support provided by the UN for DDR forms one part of a larger multi\u00ad stakeholder process, the development of a UN programme and implementation framework should be carried out with national and other counterparts, and, as far as possible, should be combined with the development of a national DDR programme.There are several frameworks that can be used to coordinate programme develop\u00adment efforts. One of the most appropriate frameworks is the post\u00adconflict needs assess\u00adment (PCNA) process, which attempts to define the overall objectives, strategies and activi\u00adties for a number of different interventions in different sectors, including DDR. The PCNA represents an important mechanism to ensure consistency between UN and national objec\u00adtives and approaches to DDR, and defines the specific role and contributions of the UN, which can then be fed into the programme development process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":481, "Sentence":"DDR programme and implementation plans are developed so as to provide further details on the activities and operational requirements necessary to achieve DDR goals and carry out the strategy identified in the initial planning of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design ddr programme implementation plan developed provide detail activity operational requirement necessary achieve ddr goal carry strategy identified initial planning ddr ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"4. The programme design cycle", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR programme and implementation plans are developed so as to provide further details on the activities and operational requirements necessary to achieve DDR goals and carry out the strategy identified in the initial planning of DDR. In the context of integrated DDR approaches, DDR programmes also provide a common framework for the implementation and management of joint activities among actors in the UN system.In general, the programme design cycle consists of three main stages: \\n I: Conducting a detailed field assessment; \\n II: Preparing the programme document and budget; \\n III: Developing an implementation plan.Given that the support provided by the UN for DDR forms one part of a larger multi\u00ad stakeholder process, the development of a UN programme and implementation framework should be carried out with national and other counterparts, and, as far as possible, should be combined with the development of a national DDR programme.There are several frameworks that can be used to coordinate programme develop\u00adment efforts. One of the most appropriate frameworks is the post\u00adconflict needs assess\u00adment (PCNA) process, which attempts to define the overall objectives, strategies and activi\u00adties for a number of different interventions in different sectors, including DDR. The PCNA represents an important mechanism to ensure consistency between UN and national objec\u00adtives and approaches to DDR, and defines the specific role and contributions of the UN, which can then be fed into the programme development process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":481, "Sentence":"In the context of integrated DDR approaches, DDR programmes also provide a common framework for the implementation and management of joint activities among actors in the UN system.In general, the programme design cycle consists of three main stages: \\n I: Conducting a detailed field assessment; \\n II: Preparing the programme document and budget; \\n III: Developing an implementation plan.Given that the support provided by the UN for DDR forms one part of a larger multi\u00ad stakeholder process, the development of a UN programme and implementation framework should be carried out with national and other counterparts, and, as far as possible, should be combined with the development of a national DDR programme.There are several frameworks that can be used to coordinate programme develop\u00adment efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design context integrated ddr approach ddr programme also provide common framework implementation management joint activity among actor un system.in general programme design cycle consists three main stage n conducting detailed field assessment n ii preparing programme document budget n iii developing implementation plan.given support provided un ddr form one part larger multi\u00ad stakeholder process development un programme implementation framework carried national counterpart far possible combined development national ddr programme.there several framework used coordinate programme develop\u00adment effort ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"4. The programme design cycle", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR programme and implementation plans are developed so as to provide further details on the activities and operational requirements necessary to achieve DDR goals and carry out the strategy identified in the initial planning of DDR. In the context of integrated DDR approaches, DDR programmes also provide a common framework for the implementation and management of joint activities among actors in the UN system.In general, the programme design cycle consists of three main stages: \\n I: Conducting a detailed field assessment; \\n II: Preparing the programme document and budget; \\n III: Developing an implementation plan.Given that the support provided by the UN for DDR forms one part of a larger multi\u00ad stakeholder process, the development of a UN programme and implementation framework should be carried out with national and other counterparts, and, as far as possible, should be combined with the development of a national DDR programme.There are several frameworks that can be used to coordinate programme develop\u00adment efforts. One of the most appropriate frameworks is the post\u00adconflict needs assess\u00adment (PCNA) process, which attempts to define the overall objectives, strategies and activi\u00adties for a number of different interventions in different sectors, including DDR. The PCNA represents an important mechanism to ensure consistency between UN and national objec\u00adtives and approaches to DDR, and defines the specific role and contributions of the UN, which can then be fed into the programme development process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":481, "Sentence":"One of the most appropriate frameworks is the post\u00adconflict needs assess\u00adment (PCNA) process, which attempts to define the overall objectives, strategies and activi\u00adties for a number of different interventions in different sectors, including DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design one appropriate framework post\u00adconflict need assess\u00adment pcna process attempt define overall objective strategy activi\u00adties number different intervention different sector including ddr ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"4. The programme design cycle", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR programme and implementation plans are developed so as to provide further details on the activities and operational requirements necessary to achieve DDR goals and carry out the strategy identified in the initial planning of DDR. In the context of integrated DDR approaches, DDR programmes also provide a common framework for the implementation and management of joint activities among actors in the UN system.In general, the programme design cycle consists of three main stages: \\n I: Conducting a detailed field assessment; \\n II: Preparing the programme document and budget; \\n III: Developing an implementation plan.Given that the support provided by the UN for DDR forms one part of a larger multi\u00ad stakeholder process, the development of a UN programme and implementation framework should be carried out with national and other counterparts, and, as far as possible, should be combined with the development of a national DDR programme.There are several frameworks that can be used to coordinate programme develop\u00adment efforts. One of the most appropriate frameworks is the post\u00adconflict needs assess\u00adment (PCNA) process, which attempts to define the overall objectives, strategies and activi\u00adties for a number of different interventions in different sectors, including DDR. The PCNA represents an important mechanism to ensure consistency between UN and national objec\u00adtives and approaches to DDR, and defines the specific role and contributions of the UN, which can then be fed into the programme development process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":481, "Sentence":"The PCNA represents an important mechanism to ensure consistency between UN and national objec\u00adtives and approaches to DDR, and defines the specific role and contributions of the UN, which can then be fed into the programme development process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design pcna represents important mechanism ensure consistency un national objec\u00adtives approach ddr defines specific role contribution un fed programme development process ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.1. Objectives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"A detailed field assessment builds on assessments and planning for DDR that have been carried out in the pre\u00adplanning and technical assessment stages of the planning process (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures). Contributing to the design of the DDR programme, the detailed field assessment: \\n deepens understanding of key DDR issues and the broader operating environment; \\n verifies information gathered during the technical assessment mission; \\n verifies the assumptions on which planning will be based, and defines the overall approach of DDR; \\n identifies key priority objectives, issues of concern, and target and performance indicators; \\n identifies operational DDR options and interventions that are precisely targeted, realistic and sustainable.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":482, "Sentence":"A detailed field assessment builds on assessments and planning for DDR that have been carried out in the pre\u00adplanning and technical assessment stages of the planning process (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design detailed field assessment build assessment planning ddr carried pre\u00adplanning technical assessment stage planning process also see iddrs 3.10 integrated ddr planning process structure ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.1. Objectives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"A detailed field assessment builds on assessments and planning for DDR that have been carried out in the pre\u00adplanning and technical assessment stages of the planning process (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures). Contributing to the design of the DDR programme, the detailed field assessment: \\n deepens understanding of key DDR issues and the broader operating environment; \\n verifies information gathered during the technical assessment mission; \\n verifies the assumptions on which planning will be based, and defines the overall approach of DDR; \\n identifies key priority objectives, issues of concern, and target and performance indicators; \\n identifies operational DDR options and interventions that are precisely targeted, realistic and sustainable.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":482, "Sentence":"Contributing to the design of the DDR programme, the detailed field assessment: \\n deepens understanding of key DDR issues and the broader operating environment; \\n verifies information gathered during the technical assessment mission; \\n verifies the assumptions on which planning will be based, and defines the overall approach of DDR; \\n identifies key priority objectives, issues of concern, and target and performance indicators; \\n identifies operational DDR options and interventions that are precisely targeted, realistic and sustainable.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design contributing design ddr programme detailed field assessment n deepens understanding key ddr issue broader operating environment n verifies information gathered technical assessment mission n verifies assumption planning based defines overall approach ddr n identifies key priority objective issue concern target performance indicator n identifies operational ddr option intervention precisely targeted realistic sustainable ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.2. Planning for an assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The following should be considered when planning a detailed field assessment for DDR: \\n Scope: From the start of DDR, practitioners should determine the geographical area that will be covered by the programme, how long the programme will last, and the level of detail and accuracy needed for its smooth running and financing. The scope and depth of this detailed field assessment will depend on the amount of information gathered in previous assessments, such as the technical assessment mission. The current political and military situation in the country concerned and the amount of access possible to areas where combatants are located should also be carefully considered; \\n Thematic areas of focus: The detailed field assessment should deepen understanding, analysis and assessments conducted in the pre\u00admission period. It therefore builds on information gathered on the following thematic areas: \\n\\n political, social and economic context and background; \\n\\n causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n identification of specific groups, potential partners and others involved in the discussion process; \\n\\n distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n survey of socio\u00adeconomic conditions and local capacities to absorb ex\u00adcombatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors that will influence DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n\\n (Also see Annex B of IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures.); \\n Expertise: The next step is to identify the DDR expertise required. Assessment teams should be composed of specialists in all aspects of DDR (see IDDRS Level 5 for more information on the different needs that have to be met during a DDR mission). To ensure coherence with the political process and overall objectives of the peacekeeping mandate, the assessment should be led by a member of the UN DDR unit; \\n Local participation: Where the political situation allows, national and local participation in the assessment should be emphasized to ensure that local analyses of the situation, the needs and appropriate solutions are reflected and included in the DDR pro\u00ad gramme. There is a need, however, to be aware of local bias, especially in the tense immediate post\u00adconflict environment; \\n Building confidence and managing expectations: Where possible, detailed field assessments should be linked with preparatory assistance projects and initiatives (e.g., community development programmes and quick\u00adimpact projects) to build confidence in and support for the DDR programme. Care must be taken, however, not to raise unrealistic expec\u00ad tations of the DDR programme; \\n Design of the field assessment: Before starting the assessment, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n identify the research objectives and indicators (what are we assessing?); \\n\\n identify the sources and methods for data collection (where are we going to obtain our information?); \\n\\n develop appropriate analytical tools and techniques (how are we going to make sense of our data?); \\n\\n develop a method for interpreting the findings in a practical way (how are we going to apply the results?); \\n Being flexible: Thinking about and answering these questions are essential to developing a well\u00addesigned approach and work plan that allows for a systematic and well\u00adstructured data collection process. Naturally, the approach will change once data collection begins in the field, but this should not in any way reduce its importance as an initial guiding blueprint.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":483, "Sentence":"The following should be considered when planning a detailed field assessment for DDR: \\n Scope: From the start of DDR, practitioners should determine the geographical area that will be covered by the programme, how long the programme will last, and the level of detail and accuracy needed for its smooth running and financing.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design following considered planning detailed field assessment ddr n scope start ddr practitioner determine geographical area covered programme long programme last level detail accuracy needed smooth running financing ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.2. Planning for an assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The following should be considered when planning a detailed field assessment for DDR: \\n Scope: From the start of DDR, practitioners should determine the geographical area that will be covered by the programme, how long the programme will last, and the level of detail and accuracy needed for its smooth running and financing. The scope and depth of this detailed field assessment will depend on the amount of information gathered in previous assessments, such as the technical assessment mission. The current political and military situation in the country concerned and the amount of access possible to areas where combatants are located should also be carefully considered; \\n Thematic areas of focus: The detailed field assessment should deepen understanding, analysis and assessments conducted in the pre\u00admission period. It therefore builds on information gathered on the following thematic areas: \\n\\n political, social and economic context and background; \\n\\n causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n identification of specific groups, potential partners and others involved in the discussion process; \\n\\n distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n survey of socio\u00adeconomic conditions and local capacities to absorb ex\u00adcombatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors that will influence DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n\\n (Also see Annex B of IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures.); \\n Expertise: The next step is to identify the DDR expertise required. Assessment teams should be composed of specialists in all aspects of DDR (see IDDRS Level 5 for more information on the different needs that have to be met during a DDR mission). To ensure coherence with the political process and overall objectives of the peacekeeping mandate, the assessment should be led by a member of the UN DDR unit; \\n Local participation: Where the political situation allows, national and local participation in the assessment should be emphasized to ensure that local analyses of the situation, the needs and appropriate solutions are reflected and included in the DDR pro\u00ad gramme. There is a need, however, to be aware of local bias, especially in the tense immediate post\u00adconflict environment; \\n Building confidence and managing expectations: Where possible, detailed field assessments should be linked with preparatory assistance projects and initiatives (e.g., community development programmes and quick\u00adimpact projects) to build confidence in and support for the DDR programme. Care must be taken, however, not to raise unrealistic expec\u00ad tations of the DDR programme; \\n Design of the field assessment: Before starting the assessment, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n identify the research objectives and indicators (what are we assessing?); \\n\\n identify the sources and methods for data collection (where are we going to obtain our information?); \\n\\n develop appropriate analytical tools and techniques (how are we going to make sense of our data?); \\n\\n develop a method for interpreting the findings in a practical way (how are we going to apply the results?); \\n Being flexible: Thinking about and answering these questions are essential to developing a well\u00addesigned approach and work plan that allows for a systematic and well\u00adstructured data collection process. Naturally, the approach will change once data collection begins in the field, but this should not in any way reduce its importance as an initial guiding blueprint.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":483, "Sentence":"The scope and depth of this detailed field assessment will depend on the amount of information gathered in previous assessments, such as the technical assessment mission.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design scope depth detailed field assessment depend amount information gathered previous assessment technical assessment mission ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.2. Planning for an assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The following should be considered when planning a detailed field assessment for DDR: \\n Scope: From the start of DDR, practitioners should determine the geographical area that will be covered by the programme, how long the programme will last, and the level of detail and accuracy needed for its smooth running and financing. The scope and depth of this detailed field assessment will depend on the amount of information gathered in previous assessments, such as the technical assessment mission. The current political and military situation in the country concerned and the amount of access possible to areas where combatants are located should also be carefully considered; \\n Thematic areas of focus: The detailed field assessment should deepen understanding, analysis and assessments conducted in the pre\u00admission period. It therefore builds on information gathered on the following thematic areas: \\n\\n political, social and economic context and background; \\n\\n causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n identification of specific groups, potential partners and others involved in the discussion process; \\n\\n distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n survey of socio\u00adeconomic conditions and local capacities to absorb ex\u00adcombatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors that will influence DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n\\n (Also see Annex B of IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures.); \\n Expertise: The next step is to identify the DDR expertise required. Assessment teams should be composed of specialists in all aspects of DDR (see IDDRS Level 5 for more information on the different needs that have to be met during a DDR mission). To ensure coherence with the political process and overall objectives of the peacekeeping mandate, the assessment should be led by a member of the UN DDR unit; \\n Local participation: Where the political situation allows, national and local participation in the assessment should be emphasized to ensure that local analyses of the situation, the needs and appropriate solutions are reflected and included in the DDR pro\u00ad gramme. There is a need, however, to be aware of local bias, especially in the tense immediate post\u00adconflict environment; \\n Building confidence and managing expectations: Where possible, detailed field assessments should be linked with preparatory assistance projects and initiatives (e.g., community development programmes and quick\u00adimpact projects) to build confidence in and support for the DDR programme. Care must be taken, however, not to raise unrealistic expec\u00ad tations of the DDR programme; \\n Design of the field assessment: Before starting the assessment, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n identify the research objectives and indicators (what are we assessing?); \\n\\n identify the sources and methods for data collection (where are we going to obtain our information?); \\n\\n develop appropriate analytical tools and techniques (how are we going to make sense of our data?); \\n\\n develop a method for interpreting the findings in a practical way (how are we going to apply the results?); \\n Being flexible: Thinking about and answering these questions are essential to developing a well\u00addesigned approach and work plan that allows for a systematic and well\u00adstructured data collection process. Naturally, the approach will change once data collection begins in the field, but this should not in any way reduce its importance as an initial guiding blueprint.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":483, "Sentence":"The current political and military situation in the country concerned and the amount of access possible to areas where combatants are located should also be carefully considered; \\n Thematic areas of focus: The detailed field assessment should deepen understanding, analysis and assessments conducted in the pre\u00admission period.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design current political military situation country concerned amount access possible area combatant located also carefully considered n thematic area focus detailed field assessment deepen understanding analysis assessment conducted pre\u00admission period ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.2. Planning for an assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The following should be considered when planning a detailed field assessment for DDR: \\n Scope: From the start of DDR, practitioners should determine the geographical area that will be covered by the programme, how long the programme will last, and the level of detail and accuracy needed for its smooth running and financing. The scope and depth of this detailed field assessment will depend on the amount of information gathered in previous assessments, such as the technical assessment mission. The current political and military situation in the country concerned and the amount of access possible to areas where combatants are located should also be carefully considered; \\n Thematic areas of focus: The detailed field assessment should deepen understanding, analysis and assessments conducted in the pre\u00admission period. It therefore builds on information gathered on the following thematic areas: \\n\\n political, social and economic context and background; \\n\\n causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n identification of specific groups, potential partners and others involved in the discussion process; \\n\\n distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n survey of socio\u00adeconomic conditions and local capacities to absorb ex\u00adcombatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors that will influence DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n\\n (Also see Annex B of IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures.); \\n Expertise: The next step is to identify the DDR expertise required. Assessment teams should be composed of specialists in all aspects of DDR (see IDDRS Level 5 for more information on the different needs that have to be met during a DDR mission). To ensure coherence with the political process and overall objectives of the peacekeeping mandate, the assessment should be led by a member of the UN DDR unit; \\n Local participation: Where the political situation allows, national and local participation in the assessment should be emphasized to ensure that local analyses of the situation, the needs and appropriate solutions are reflected and included in the DDR pro\u00ad gramme. There is a need, however, to be aware of local bias, especially in the tense immediate post\u00adconflict environment; \\n Building confidence and managing expectations: Where possible, detailed field assessments should be linked with preparatory assistance projects and initiatives (e.g., community development programmes and quick\u00adimpact projects) to build confidence in and support for the DDR programme. Care must be taken, however, not to raise unrealistic expec\u00ad tations of the DDR programme; \\n Design of the field assessment: Before starting the assessment, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n identify the research objectives and indicators (what are we assessing?); \\n\\n identify the sources and methods for data collection (where are we going to obtain our information?); \\n\\n develop appropriate analytical tools and techniques (how are we going to make sense of our data?); \\n\\n develop a method for interpreting the findings in a practical way (how are we going to apply the results?); \\n Being flexible: Thinking about and answering these questions are essential to developing a well\u00addesigned approach and work plan that allows for a systematic and well\u00adstructured data collection process. Naturally, the approach will change once data collection begins in the field, but this should not in any way reduce its importance as an initial guiding blueprint.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":483, "Sentence":"It therefore builds on information gathered on the following thematic areas: \\n\\n political, social and economic context and background; \\n\\n causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n identification of specific groups, potential partners and others involved in the discussion process; \\n\\n distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n survey of socio\u00adeconomic conditions and local capacities to absorb ex\u00adcombatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors that will influence DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design therefore build information gathered following thematic area nn political social economic context background nn cause dynamic consequence armed conflict nn identification specific group potential partner others involved discussion process nn distribution availability proliferation weapon primarily small arm light weapon nn institutional capacity national stakeholder area related ddr nn survey socio\u00adeconomic condition local capacity absorb ex\u00adcombatants dependant nn precondition factor influence ddr nn baseline data performance indicator programme design implementation monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.2. Planning for an assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The following should be considered when planning a detailed field assessment for DDR: \\n Scope: From the start of DDR, practitioners should determine the geographical area that will be covered by the programme, how long the programme will last, and the level of detail and accuracy needed for its smooth running and financing. The scope and depth of this detailed field assessment will depend on the amount of information gathered in previous assessments, such as the technical assessment mission. The current political and military situation in the country concerned and the amount of access possible to areas where combatants are located should also be carefully considered; \\n Thematic areas of focus: The detailed field assessment should deepen understanding, analysis and assessments conducted in the pre\u00admission period. It therefore builds on information gathered on the following thematic areas: \\n\\n political, social and economic context and background; \\n\\n causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n identification of specific groups, potential partners and others involved in the discussion process; \\n\\n distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n survey of socio\u00adeconomic conditions and local capacities to absorb ex\u00adcombatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors that will influence DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n\\n (Also see Annex B of IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures.); \\n Expertise: The next step is to identify the DDR expertise required. Assessment teams should be composed of specialists in all aspects of DDR (see IDDRS Level 5 for more information on the different needs that have to be met during a DDR mission). To ensure coherence with the political process and overall objectives of the peacekeeping mandate, the assessment should be led by a member of the UN DDR unit; \\n Local participation: Where the political situation allows, national and local participation in the assessment should be emphasized to ensure that local analyses of the situation, the needs and appropriate solutions are reflected and included in the DDR pro\u00ad gramme. There is a need, however, to be aware of local bias, especially in the tense immediate post\u00adconflict environment; \\n Building confidence and managing expectations: Where possible, detailed field assessments should be linked with preparatory assistance projects and initiatives (e.g., community development programmes and quick\u00adimpact projects) to build confidence in and support for the DDR programme. Care must be taken, however, not to raise unrealistic expec\u00ad tations of the DDR programme; \\n Design of the field assessment: Before starting the assessment, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n identify the research objectives and indicators (what are we assessing?); \\n\\n identify the sources and methods for data collection (where are we going to obtain our information?); \\n\\n develop appropriate analytical tools and techniques (how are we going to make sense of our data?); \\n\\n develop a method for interpreting the findings in a practical way (how are we going to apply the results?); \\n Being flexible: Thinking about and answering these questions are essential to developing a well\u00addesigned approach and work plan that allows for a systematic and well\u00adstructured data collection process. Naturally, the approach will change once data collection begins in the field, but this should not in any way reduce its importance as an initial guiding blueprint.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":483, "Sentence":"\\n\\n (Also see Annex B of IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design nn also see annex b iddrs 3.10 integrated ddr planning process structure ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.2. Planning for an assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The following should be considered when planning a detailed field assessment for DDR: \\n Scope: From the start of DDR, practitioners should determine the geographical area that will be covered by the programme, how long the programme will last, and the level of detail and accuracy needed for its smooth running and financing. The scope and depth of this detailed field assessment will depend on the amount of information gathered in previous assessments, such as the technical assessment mission. The current political and military situation in the country concerned and the amount of access possible to areas where combatants are located should also be carefully considered; \\n Thematic areas of focus: The detailed field assessment should deepen understanding, analysis and assessments conducted in the pre\u00admission period. It therefore builds on information gathered on the following thematic areas: \\n\\n political, social and economic context and background; \\n\\n causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n identification of specific groups, potential partners and others involved in the discussion process; \\n\\n distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n survey of socio\u00adeconomic conditions and local capacities to absorb ex\u00adcombatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors that will influence DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n\\n (Also see Annex B of IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures.); \\n Expertise: The next step is to identify the DDR expertise required. Assessment teams should be composed of specialists in all aspects of DDR (see IDDRS Level 5 for more information on the different needs that have to be met during a DDR mission). To ensure coherence with the political process and overall objectives of the peacekeeping mandate, the assessment should be led by a member of the UN DDR unit; \\n Local participation: Where the political situation allows, national and local participation in the assessment should be emphasized to ensure that local analyses of the situation, the needs and appropriate solutions are reflected and included in the DDR pro\u00ad gramme. There is a need, however, to be aware of local bias, especially in the tense immediate post\u00adconflict environment; \\n Building confidence and managing expectations: Where possible, detailed field assessments should be linked with preparatory assistance projects and initiatives (e.g., community development programmes and quick\u00adimpact projects) to build confidence in and support for the DDR programme. Care must be taken, however, not to raise unrealistic expec\u00ad tations of the DDR programme; \\n Design of the field assessment: Before starting the assessment, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n identify the research objectives and indicators (what are we assessing?); \\n\\n identify the sources and methods for data collection (where are we going to obtain our information?); \\n\\n develop appropriate analytical tools and techniques (how are we going to make sense of our data?); \\n\\n develop a method for interpreting the findings in a practical way (how are we going to apply the results?); \\n Being flexible: Thinking about and answering these questions are essential to developing a well\u00addesigned approach and work plan that allows for a systematic and well\u00adstructured data collection process. Naturally, the approach will change once data collection begins in the field, but this should not in any way reduce its importance as an initial guiding blueprint.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":483, "Sentence":"); \\n Expertise: The next step is to identify the DDR expertise required.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design n expertise next step identify ddr expertise required ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.2. Planning for an assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The following should be considered when planning a detailed field assessment for DDR: \\n Scope: From the start of DDR, practitioners should determine the geographical area that will be covered by the programme, how long the programme will last, and the level of detail and accuracy needed for its smooth running and financing. The scope and depth of this detailed field assessment will depend on the amount of information gathered in previous assessments, such as the technical assessment mission. The current political and military situation in the country concerned and the amount of access possible to areas where combatants are located should also be carefully considered; \\n Thematic areas of focus: The detailed field assessment should deepen understanding, analysis and assessments conducted in the pre\u00admission period. It therefore builds on information gathered on the following thematic areas: \\n\\n political, social and economic context and background; \\n\\n causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n identification of specific groups, potential partners and others involved in the discussion process; \\n\\n distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n survey of socio\u00adeconomic conditions and local capacities to absorb ex\u00adcombatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors that will influence DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n\\n (Also see Annex B of IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures.); \\n Expertise: The next step is to identify the DDR expertise required. Assessment teams should be composed of specialists in all aspects of DDR (see IDDRS Level 5 for more information on the different needs that have to be met during a DDR mission). To ensure coherence with the political process and overall objectives of the peacekeeping mandate, the assessment should be led by a member of the UN DDR unit; \\n Local participation: Where the political situation allows, national and local participation in the assessment should be emphasized to ensure that local analyses of the situation, the needs and appropriate solutions are reflected and included in the DDR pro\u00ad gramme. There is a need, however, to be aware of local bias, especially in the tense immediate post\u00adconflict environment; \\n Building confidence and managing expectations: Where possible, detailed field assessments should be linked with preparatory assistance projects and initiatives (e.g., community development programmes and quick\u00adimpact projects) to build confidence in and support for the DDR programme. Care must be taken, however, not to raise unrealistic expec\u00ad tations of the DDR programme; \\n Design of the field assessment: Before starting the assessment, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n identify the research objectives and indicators (what are we assessing?); \\n\\n identify the sources and methods for data collection (where are we going to obtain our information?); \\n\\n develop appropriate analytical tools and techniques (how are we going to make sense of our data?); \\n\\n develop a method for interpreting the findings in a practical way (how are we going to apply the results?); \\n Being flexible: Thinking about and answering these questions are essential to developing a well\u00addesigned approach and work plan that allows for a systematic and well\u00adstructured data collection process. Naturally, the approach will change once data collection begins in the field, but this should not in any way reduce its importance as an initial guiding blueprint.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":483, "Sentence":"Assessment teams should be composed of specialists in all aspects of DDR (see IDDRS Level 5 for more information on the different needs that have to be met during a DDR mission).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design assessment team composed specialist aspect ddr see iddrs level 5 information different need met ddr mission ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.2. Planning for an assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The following should be considered when planning a detailed field assessment for DDR: \\n Scope: From the start of DDR, practitioners should determine the geographical area that will be covered by the programme, how long the programme will last, and the level of detail and accuracy needed for its smooth running and financing. The scope and depth of this detailed field assessment will depend on the amount of information gathered in previous assessments, such as the technical assessment mission. The current political and military situation in the country concerned and the amount of access possible to areas where combatants are located should also be carefully considered; \\n Thematic areas of focus: The detailed field assessment should deepen understanding, analysis and assessments conducted in the pre\u00admission period. It therefore builds on information gathered on the following thematic areas: \\n\\n political, social and economic context and background; \\n\\n causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n identification of specific groups, potential partners and others involved in the discussion process; \\n\\n distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n survey of socio\u00adeconomic conditions and local capacities to absorb ex\u00adcombatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors that will influence DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n\\n (Also see Annex B of IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures.); \\n Expertise: The next step is to identify the DDR expertise required. Assessment teams should be composed of specialists in all aspects of DDR (see IDDRS Level 5 for more information on the different needs that have to be met during a DDR mission). To ensure coherence with the political process and overall objectives of the peacekeeping mandate, the assessment should be led by a member of the UN DDR unit; \\n Local participation: Where the political situation allows, national and local participation in the assessment should be emphasized to ensure that local analyses of the situation, the needs and appropriate solutions are reflected and included in the DDR pro\u00ad gramme. There is a need, however, to be aware of local bias, especially in the tense immediate post\u00adconflict environment; \\n Building confidence and managing expectations: Where possible, detailed field assessments should be linked with preparatory assistance projects and initiatives (e.g., community development programmes and quick\u00adimpact projects) to build confidence in and support for the DDR programme. Care must be taken, however, not to raise unrealistic expec\u00ad tations of the DDR programme; \\n Design of the field assessment: Before starting the assessment, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n identify the research objectives and indicators (what are we assessing?); \\n\\n identify the sources and methods for data collection (where are we going to obtain our information?); \\n\\n develop appropriate analytical tools and techniques (how are we going to make sense of our data?); \\n\\n develop a method for interpreting the findings in a practical way (how are we going to apply the results?); \\n Being flexible: Thinking about and answering these questions are essential to developing a well\u00addesigned approach and work plan that allows for a systematic and well\u00adstructured data collection process. Naturally, the approach will change once data collection begins in the field, but this should not in any way reduce its importance as an initial guiding blueprint.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":483, "Sentence":"To ensure coherence with the political process and overall objectives of the peacekeeping mandate, the assessment should be led by a member of the UN DDR unit; \\n Local participation: Where the political situation allows, national and local participation in the assessment should be emphasized to ensure that local analyses of the situation, the needs and appropriate solutions are reflected and included in the DDR pro\u00ad gramme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design ensure coherence political process overall objective peacekeeping mandate assessment led member un ddr unit n local participation political situation allows national local participation assessment emphasized ensure local analysis situation need appropriate solution reflected included ddr pro\u00ad gramme ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.2. Planning for an assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The following should be considered when planning a detailed field assessment for DDR: \\n Scope: From the start of DDR, practitioners should determine the geographical area that will be covered by the programme, how long the programme will last, and the level of detail and accuracy needed for its smooth running and financing. The scope and depth of this detailed field assessment will depend on the amount of information gathered in previous assessments, such as the technical assessment mission. The current political and military situation in the country concerned and the amount of access possible to areas where combatants are located should also be carefully considered; \\n Thematic areas of focus: The detailed field assessment should deepen understanding, analysis and assessments conducted in the pre\u00admission period. It therefore builds on information gathered on the following thematic areas: \\n\\n political, social and economic context and background; \\n\\n causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n identification of specific groups, potential partners and others involved in the discussion process; \\n\\n distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n survey of socio\u00adeconomic conditions and local capacities to absorb ex\u00adcombatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors that will influence DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n\\n (Also see Annex B of IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures.); \\n Expertise: The next step is to identify the DDR expertise required. Assessment teams should be composed of specialists in all aspects of DDR (see IDDRS Level 5 for more information on the different needs that have to be met during a DDR mission). To ensure coherence with the political process and overall objectives of the peacekeeping mandate, the assessment should be led by a member of the UN DDR unit; \\n Local participation: Where the political situation allows, national and local participation in the assessment should be emphasized to ensure that local analyses of the situation, the needs and appropriate solutions are reflected and included in the DDR pro\u00ad gramme. There is a need, however, to be aware of local bias, especially in the tense immediate post\u00adconflict environment; \\n Building confidence and managing expectations: Where possible, detailed field assessments should be linked with preparatory assistance projects and initiatives (e.g., community development programmes and quick\u00adimpact projects) to build confidence in and support for the DDR programme. Care must be taken, however, not to raise unrealistic expec\u00ad tations of the DDR programme; \\n Design of the field assessment: Before starting the assessment, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n identify the research objectives and indicators (what are we assessing?); \\n\\n identify the sources and methods for data collection (where are we going to obtain our information?); \\n\\n develop appropriate analytical tools and techniques (how are we going to make sense of our data?); \\n\\n develop a method for interpreting the findings in a practical way (how are we going to apply the results?); \\n Being flexible: Thinking about and answering these questions are essential to developing a well\u00addesigned approach and work plan that allows for a systematic and well\u00adstructured data collection process. Naturally, the approach will change once data collection begins in the field, but this should not in any way reduce its importance as an initial guiding blueprint.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":483, "Sentence":"There is a need, however, to be aware of local bias, especially in the tense immediate post\u00adconflict environment; \\n Building confidence and managing expectations: Where possible, detailed field assessments should be linked with preparatory assistance projects and initiatives (e.g., community development programmes and quick\u00adimpact projects) to build confidence in and support for the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design need however aware local bias especially tense immediate post\u00adconflict environment n building confidence managing expectation possible detailed field assessment linked preparatory assistance project initiative e.g . community development programme quick\u00adimpact project build confidence support ddr programme ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.2. Planning for an assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The following should be considered when planning a detailed field assessment for DDR: \\n Scope: From the start of DDR, practitioners should determine the geographical area that will be covered by the programme, how long the programme will last, and the level of detail and accuracy needed for its smooth running and financing. The scope and depth of this detailed field assessment will depend on the amount of information gathered in previous assessments, such as the technical assessment mission. The current political and military situation in the country concerned and the amount of access possible to areas where combatants are located should also be carefully considered; \\n Thematic areas of focus: The detailed field assessment should deepen understanding, analysis and assessments conducted in the pre\u00admission period. It therefore builds on information gathered on the following thematic areas: \\n\\n political, social and economic context and background; \\n\\n causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n identification of specific groups, potential partners and others involved in the discussion process; \\n\\n distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n survey of socio\u00adeconomic conditions and local capacities to absorb ex\u00adcombatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors that will influence DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n\\n (Also see Annex B of IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures.); \\n Expertise: The next step is to identify the DDR expertise required. Assessment teams should be composed of specialists in all aspects of DDR (see IDDRS Level 5 for more information on the different needs that have to be met during a DDR mission). To ensure coherence with the political process and overall objectives of the peacekeeping mandate, the assessment should be led by a member of the UN DDR unit; \\n Local participation: Where the political situation allows, national and local participation in the assessment should be emphasized to ensure that local analyses of the situation, the needs and appropriate solutions are reflected and included in the DDR pro\u00ad gramme. There is a need, however, to be aware of local bias, especially in the tense immediate post\u00adconflict environment; \\n Building confidence and managing expectations: Where possible, detailed field assessments should be linked with preparatory assistance projects and initiatives (e.g., community development programmes and quick\u00adimpact projects) to build confidence in and support for the DDR programme. Care must be taken, however, not to raise unrealistic expec\u00ad tations of the DDR programme; \\n Design of the field assessment: Before starting the assessment, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n identify the research objectives and indicators (what are we assessing?); \\n\\n identify the sources and methods for data collection (where are we going to obtain our information?); \\n\\n develop appropriate analytical tools and techniques (how are we going to make sense of our data?); \\n\\n develop a method for interpreting the findings in a practical way (how are we going to apply the results?); \\n Being flexible: Thinking about and answering these questions are essential to developing a well\u00addesigned approach and work plan that allows for a systematic and well\u00adstructured data collection process. Naturally, the approach will change once data collection begins in the field, but this should not in any way reduce its importance as an initial guiding blueprint.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":483, "Sentence":"Care must be taken, however, not to raise unrealistic expec\u00ad tations of the DDR programme; \\n Design of the field assessment: Before starting the assessment, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n identify the research objectives and indicators (what are we assessing?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design care must taken however raise unrealistic expec\u00ad tations ddr programme n design field assessment starting assessment ddr practitioner nn identify research objective indicator assessing" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.2. Planning for an assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The following should be considered when planning a detailed field assessment for DDR: \\n Scope: From the start of DDR, practitioners should determine the geographical area that will be covered by the programme, how long the programme will last, and the level of detail and accuracy needed for its smooth running and financing. The scope and depth of this detailed field assessment will depend on the amount of information gathered in previous assessments, such as the technical assessment mission. The current political and military situation in the country concerned and the amount of access possible to areas where combatants are located should also be carefully considered; \\n Thematic areas of focus: The detailed field assessment should deepen understanding, analysis and assessments conducted in the pre\u00admission period. It therefore builds on information gathered on the following thematic areas: \\n\\n political, social and economic context and background; \\n\\n causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n identification of specific groups, potential partners and others involved in the discussion process; \\n\\n distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n survey of socio\u00adeconomic conditions and local capacities to absorb ex\u00adcombatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors that will influence DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n\\n (Also see Annex B of IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures.); \\n Expertise: The next step is to identify the DDR expertise required. Assessment teams should be composed of specialists in all aspects of DDR (see IDDRS Level 5 for more information on the different needs that have to be met during a DDR mission). To ensure coherence with the political process and overall objectives of the peacekeeping mandate, the assessment should be led by a member of the UN DDR unit; \\n Local participation: Where the political situation allows, national and local participation in the assessment should be emphasized to ensure that local analyses of the situation, the needs and appropriate solutions are reflected and included in the DDR pro\u00ad gramme. There is a need, however, to be aware of local bias, especially in the tense immediate post\u00adconflict environment; \\n Building confidence and managing expectations: Where possible, detailed field assessments should be linked with preparatory assistance projects and initiatives (e.g., community development programmes and quick\u00adimpact projects) to build confidence in and support for the DDR programme. Care must be taken, however, not to raise unrealistic expec\u00ad tations of the DDR programme; \\n Design of the field assessment: Before starting the assessment, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n identify the research objectives and indicators (what are we assessing?); \\n\\n identify the sources and methods for data collection (where are we going to obtain our information?); \\n\\n develop appropriate analytical tools and techniques (how are we going to make sense of our data?); \\n\\n develop a method for interpreting the findings in a practical way (how are we going to apply the results?); \\n Being flexible: Thinking about and answering these questions are essential to developing a well\u00addesigned approach and work plan that allows for a systematic and well\u00adstructured data collection process. Naturally, the approach will change once data collection begins in the field, but this should not in any way reduce its importance as an initial guiding blueprint.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":483, "Sentence":"); \\n\\n identify the sources and methods for data collection (where are we going to obtain our information?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design nn identify source method data collection going obtain information" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.2. Planning for an assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The following should be considered when planning a detailed field assessment for DDR: \\n Scope: From the start of DDR, practitioners should determine the geographical area that will be covered by the programme, how long the programme will last, and the level of detail and accuracy needed for its smooth running and financing. The scope and depth of this detailed field assessment will depend on the amount of information gathered in previous assessments, such as the technical assessment mission. The current political and military situation in the country concerned and the amount of access possible to areas where combatants are located should also be carefully considered; \\n Thematic areas of focus: The detailed field assessment should deepen understanding, analysis and assessments conducted in the pre\u00admission period. It therefore builds on information gathered on the following thematic areas: \\n\\n political, social and economic context and background; \\n\\n causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n identification of specific groups, potential partners and others involved in the discussion process; \\n\\n distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n survey of socio\u00adeconomic conditions and local capacities to absorb ex\u00adcombatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors that will influence DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n\\n (Also see Annex B of IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures.); \\n Expertise: The next step is to identify the DDR expertise required. Assessment teams should be composed of specialists in all aspects of DDR (see IDDRS Level 5 for more information on the different needs that have to be met during a DDR mission). To ensure coherence with the political process and overall objectives of the peacekeeping mandate, the assessment should be led by a member of the UN DDR unit; \\n Local participation: Where the political situation allows, national and local participation in the assessment should be emphasized to ensure that local analyses of the situation, the needs and appropriate solutions are reflected and included in the DDR pro\u00ad gramme. There is a need, however, to be aware of local bias, especially in the tense immediate post\u00adconflict environment; \\n Building confidence and managing expectations: Where possible, detailed field assessments should be linked with preparatory assistance projects and initiatives (e.g., community development programmes and quick\u00adimpact projects) to build confidence in and support for the DDR programme. Care must be taken, however, not to raise unrealistic expec\u00ad tations of the DDR programme; \\n Design of the field assessment: Before starting the assessment, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n identify the research objectives and indicators (what are we assessing?); \\n\\n identify the sources and methods for data collection (where are we going to obtain our information?); \\n\\n develop appropriate analytical tools and techniques (how are we going to make sense of our data?); \\n\\n develop a method for interpreting the findings in a practical way (how are we going to apply the results?); \\n Being flexible: Thinking about and answering these questions are essential to developing a well\u00addesigned approach and work plan that allows for a systematic and well\u00adstructured data collection process. Naturally, the approach will change once data collection begins in the field, but this should not in any way reduce its importance as an initial guiding blueprint.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":483, "Sentence":"); \\n\\n develop appropriate analytical tools and techniques (how are we going to make sense of our data?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design nn develop appropriate analytical tool technique going make sense data" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.2. Planning for an assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The following should be considered when planning a detailed field assessment for DDR: \\n Scope: From the start of DDR, practitioners should determine the geographical area that will be covered by the programme, how long the programme will last, and the level of detail and accuracy needed for its smooth running and financing. The scope and depth of this detailed field assessment will depend on the amount of information gathered in previous assessments, such as the technical assessment mission. The current political and military situation in the country concerned and the amount of access possible to areas where combatants are located should also be carefully considered; \\n Thematic areas of focus: The detailed field assessment should deepen understanding, analysis and assessments conducted in the pre\u00admission period. It therefore builds on information gathered on the following thematic areas: \\n\\n political, social and economic context and background; \\n\\n causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n identification of specific groups, potential partners and others involved in the discussion process; \\n\\n distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n survey of socio\u00adeconomic conditions and local capacities to absorb ex\u00adcombatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors that will influence DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n\\n (Also see Annex B of IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures.); \\n Expertise: The next step is to identify the DDR expertise required. Assessment teams should be composed of specialists in all aspects of DDR (see IDDRS Level 5 for more information on the different needs that have to be met during a DDR mission). To ensure coherence with the political process and overall objectives of the peacekeeping mandate, the assessment should be led by a member of the UN DDR unit; \\n Local participation: Where the political situation allows, national and local participation in the assessment should be emphasized to ensure that local analyses of the situation, the needs and appropriate solutions are reflected and included in the DDR pro\u00ad gramme. There is a need, however, to be aware of local bias, especially in the tense immediate post\u00adconflict environment; \\n Building confidence and managing expectations: Where possible, detailed field assessments should be linked with preparatory assistance projects and initiatives (e.g., community development programmes and quick\u00adimpact projects) to build confidence in and support for the DDR programme. Care must be taken, however, not to raise unrealistic expec\u00ad tations of the DDR programme; \\n Design of the field assessment: Before starting the assessment, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n identify the research objectives and indicators (what are we assessing?); \\n\\n identify the sources and methods for data collection (where are we going to obtain our information?); \\n\\n develop appropriate analytical tools and techniques (how are we going to make sense of our data?); \\n\\n develop a method for interpreting the findings in a practical way (how are we going to apply the results?); \\n Being flexible: Thinking about and answering these questions are essential to developing a well\u00addesigned approach and work plan that allows for a systematic and well\u00adstructured data collection process. Naturally, the approach will change once data collection begins in the field, but this should not in any way reduce its importance as an initial guiding blueprint.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":483, "Sentence":"); \\n\\n develop a method for interpreting the findings in a practical way (how are we going to apply the results?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design nn develop method interpreting finding practical way going apply result" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.2. Planning for an assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The following should be considered when planning a detailed field assessment for DDR: \\n Scope: From the start of DDR, practitioners should determine the geographical area that will be covered by the programme, how long the programme will last, and the level of detail and accuracy needed for its smooth running and financing. The scope and depth of this detailed field assessment will depend on the amount of information gathered in previous assessments, such as the technical assessment mission. The current political and military situation in the country concerned and the amount of access possible to areas where combatants are located should also be carefully considered; \\n Thematic areas of focus: The detailed field assessment should deepen understanding, analysis and assessments conducted in the pre\u00admission period. It therefore builds on information gathered on the following thematic areas: \\n\\n political, social and economic context and background; \\n\\n causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n identification of specific groups, potential partners and others involved in the discussion process; \\n\\n distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n survey of socio\u00adeconomic conditions and local capacities to absorb ex\u00adcombatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors that will influence DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n\\n (Also see Annex B of IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures.); \\n Expertise: The next step is to identify the DDR expertise required. Assessment teams should be composed of specialists in all aspects of DDR (see IDDRS Level 5 for more information on the different needs that have to be met during a DDR mission). To ensure coherence with the political process and overall objectives of the peacekeeping mandate, the assessment should be led by a member of the UN DDR unit; \\n Local participation: Where the political situation allows, national and local participation in the assessment should be emphasized to ensure that local analyses of the situation, the needs and appropriate solutions are reflected and included in the DDR pro\u00ad gramme. There is a need, however, to be aware of local bias, especially in the tense immediate post\u00adconflict environment; \\n Building confidence and managing expectations: Where possible, detailed field assessments should be linked with preparatory assistance projects and initiatives (e.g., community development programmes and quick\u00adimpact projects) to build confidence in and support for the DDR programme. Care must be taken, however, not to raise unrealistic expec\u00ad tations of the DDR programme; \\n Design of the field assessment: Before starting the assessment, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n identify the research objectives and indicators (what are we assessing?); \\n\\n identify the sources and methods for data collection (where are we going to obtain our information?); \\n\\n develop appropriate analytical tools and techniques (how are we going to make sense of our data?); \\n\\n develop a method for interpreting the findings in a practical way (how are we going to apply the results?); \\n Being flexible: Thinking about and answering these questions are essential to developing a well\u00addesigned approach and work plan that allows for a systematic and well\u00adstructured data collection process. Naturally, the approach will change once data collection begins in the field, but this should not in any way reduce its importance as an initial guiding blueprint.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":483, "Sentence":"); \\n Being flexible: Thinking about and answering these questions are essential to developing a well\u00addesigned approach and work plan that allows for a systematic and well\u00adstructured data collection process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design n flexible thinking answering question essential developing well\u00addesigned approach work plan allows systematic well\u00adstructured data collection process ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.2. Planning for an assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The following should be considered when planning a detailed field assessment for DDR: \\n Scope: From the start of DDR, practitioners should determine the geographical area that will be covered by the programme, how long the programme will last, and the level of detail and accuracy needed for its smooth running and financing. The scope and depth of this detailed field assessment will depend on the amount of information gathered in previous assessments, such as the technical assessment mission. The current political and military situation in the country concerned and the amount of access possible to areas where combatants are located should also be carefully considered; \\n Thematic areas of focus: The detailed field assessment should deepen understanding, analysis and assessments conducted in the pre\u00admission period. It therefore builds on information gathered on the following thematic areas: \\n\\n political, social and economic context and background; \\n\\n causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n identification of specific groups, potential partners and others involved in the discussion process; \\n\\n distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n survey of socio\u00adeconomic conditions and local capacities to absorb ex\u00adcombatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors that will influence DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n\\n (Also see Annex B of IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures.); \\n Expertise: The next step is to identify the DDR expertise required. Assessment teams should be composed of specialists in all aspects of DDR (see IDDRS Level 5 for more information on the different needs that have to be met during a DDR mission). To ensure coherence with the political process and overall objectives of the peacekeeping mandate, the assessment should be led by a member of the UN DDR unit; \\n Local participation: Where the political situation allows, national and local participation in the assessment should be emphasized to ensure that local analyses of the situation, the needs and appropriate solutions are reflected and included in the DDR pro\u00ad gramme. There is a need, however, to be aware of local bias, especially in the tense immediate post\u00adconflict environment; \\n Building confidence and managing expectations: Where possible, detailed field assessments should be linked with preparatory assistance projects and initiatives (e.g., community development programmes and quick\u00adimpact projects) to build confidence in and support for the DDR programme. Care must be taken, however, not to raise unrealistic expec\u00ad tations of the DDR programme; \\n Design of the field assessment: Before starting the assessment, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n identify the research objectives and indicators (what are we assessing?); \\n\\n identify the sources and methods for data collection (where are we going to obtain our information?); \\n\\n develop appropriate analytical tools and techniques (how are we going to make sense of our data?); \\n\\n develop a method for interpreting the findings in a practical way (how are we going to apply the results?); \\n Being flexible: Thinking about and answering these questions are essential to developing a well\u00addesigned approach and work plan that allows for a systematic and well\u00adstructured data collection process. Naturally, the approach will change once data collection begins in the field, but this should not in any way reduce its importance as an initial guiding blueprint.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":483, "Sentence":"Naturally, the approach will change once data collection begins in the field, but this should not in any way reduce its importance as an initial guiding blueprint.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design naturally approach change data collection begin field way reduce importance initial guiding blueprint ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Once the outlines for the assessment have been developed, the next stage should be to decide on the best methods to collect data, some of which are: \\n direct observation; \\n key informant interviews and focus groups; \\n mass surveys; \\n participatory assessments; \\n market research; \\n institutional capacity research; \\n sampling.The best approach is to be flexible and \u2018mix and match\u2019 methodologies. Data should be collected from as broad a sample as possible, and particular efforts should be made to include women, younger people (youth) and children. In an unstable context with unreliable or fragmentary data, multiple sources and techniques can be used, and results derived through triangulation or cross\u00adchecking of information.The sections below describe each one of these methodologies for data collection.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":484, "Sentence":"Once the outlines for the assessment have been developed, the next stage should be to decide on the best methods to collect data, some of which are: \\n direct observation; \\n key informant interviews and focus groups; \\n mass surveys; \\n participatory assessments; \\n market research; \\n institutional capacity research; \\n sampling.The best approach is to be flexible and \u2018mix and match\u2019 methodologies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design outline assessment developed next stage decide best method collect data n direct observation n key informant interview focus group n mass survey n participatory assessment n market research n institutional capacity research n sampling.the best approach flexible \u2018 mix match \u2019 methodology ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Once the outlines for the assessment have been developed, the next stage should be to decide on the best methods to collect data, some of which are: \\n direct observation; \\n key informant interviews and focus groups; \\n mass surveys; \\n participatory assessments; \\n market research; \\n institutional capacity research; \\n sampling.The best approach is to be flexible and \u2018mix and match\u2019 methodologies. Data should be collected from as broad a sample as possible, and particular efforts should be made to include women, younger people (youth) and children. In an unstable context with unreliable or fragmentary data, multiple sources and techniques can be used, and results derived through triangulation or cross\u00adchecking of information.The sections below describe each one of these methodologies for data collection.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":484, "Sentence":"Data should be collected from as broad a sample as possible, and particular efforts should be made to include women, younger people (youth) and children.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design data collected broad sample possible particular effort made include woman younger people youth child ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Once the outlines for the assessment have been developed, the next stage should be to decide on the best methods to collect data, some of which are: \\n direct observation; \\n key informant interviews and focus groups; \\n mass surveys; \\n participatory assessments; \\n market research; \\n institutional capacity research; \\n sampling.The best approach is to be flexible and \u2018mix and match\u2019 methodologies. Data should be collected from as broad a sample as possible, and particular efforts should be made to include women, younger people (youth) and children. In an unstable context with unreliable or fragmentary data, multiple sources and techniques can be used, and results derived through triangulation or cross\u00adchecking of information.The sections below describe each one of these methodologies for data collection.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":484, "Sentence":"In an unstable context with unreliable or fragmentary data, multiple sources and techniques can be used, and results derived through triangulation or cross\u00adchecking of information.The sections below describe each one of these methodologies for data collection.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design unstable context unreliable fragmentary data multiple source technique used result derived triangulation cross\u00adchecking information.the section describe one methodology data collection ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.1. Direct observation", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Several vital types of information can only be collected by direct observation. This can include sighting weapons (recording type, model, serial number, country of manufacture and condition); examining weapons caches and stockpiles (geographic location, distribu\u00ad tion, contents and condition of weapons, physical size, etc.); recording information on military installations and forces (location, size, identity, etc.); investigating weapons markets and other commercial transactions (supply and demand, prices, etc.); and recording the effects of small arms (displaced camps and conditions, destruction of infrastructure, types of wounds caused by small arms, etc.). Direct observation may also be a useful technique to obtain information about \u2018hidden\u2019 members of armed groups and forces, such as children, abductees and foreign fighters, whose association with the group may not be formally acknowledged.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":485, "Sentence":"Several vital types of information can only be collected by direct observation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design several vital type information collected direct observation ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.1. Direct observation", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Several vital types of information can only be collected by direct observation. This can include sighting weapons (recording type, model, serial number, country of manufacture and condition); examining weapons caches and stockpiles (geographic location, distribu\u00ad tion, contents and condition of weapons, physical size, etc.); recording information on military installations and forces (location, size, identity, etc.); investigating weapons markets and other commercial transactions (supply and demand, prices, etc.); and recording the effects of small arms (displaced camps and conditions, destruction of infrastructure, types of wounds caused by small arms, etc.). Direct observation may also be a useful technique to obtain information about \u2018hidden\u2019 members of armed groups and forces, such as children, abductees and foreign fighters, whose association with the group may not be formally acknowledged.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":485, "Sentence":"This can include sighting weapons (recording type, model, serial number, country of manufacture and condition); examining weapons caches and stockpiles (geographic location, distribu\u00ad tion, contents and condition of weapons, physical size, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design include sighting weapon recording type model serial number country manufacture condition examining weapon cache stockpile geographic location distribu\u00ad tion content condition weapon physical size etc ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.1. Direct observation", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Several vital types of information can only be collected by direct observation. This can include sighting weapons (recording type, model, serial number, country of manufacture and condition); examining weapons caches and stockpiles (geographic location, distribu\u00ad tion, contents and condition of weapons, physical size, etc.); recording information on military installations and forces (location, size, identity, etc.); investigating weapons markets and other commercial transactions (supply and demand, prices, etc.); and recording the effects of small arms (displaced camps and conditions, destruction of infrastructure, types of wounds caused by small arms, etc.). Direct observation may also be a useful technique to obtain information about \u2018hidden\u2019 members of armed groups and forces, such as children, abductees and foreign fighters, whose association with the group may not be formally acknowledged.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":485, "Sentence":"); recording information on military installations and forces (location, size, identity, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design recording information military installation force location size identity etc ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.1. Direct observation", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Several vital types of information can only be collected by direct observation. This can include sighting weapons (recording type, model, serial number, country of manufacture and condition); examining weapons caches and stockpiles (geographic location, distribu\u00ad tion, contents and condition of weapons, physical size, etc.); recording information on military installations and forces (location, size, identity, etc.); investigating weapons markets and other commercial transactions (supply and demand, prices, etc.); and recording the effects of small arms (displaced camps and conditions, destruction of infrastructure, types of wounds caused by small arms, etc.). Direct observation may also be a useful technique to obtain information about \u2018hidden\u2019 members of armed groups and forces, such as children, abductees and foreign fighters, whose association with the group may not be formally acknowledged.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":485, "Sentence":"); investigating weapons markets and other commercial transactions (supply and demand, prices, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design investigating weapon market commercial transaction supply demand price etc ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.1. Direct observation", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Several vital types of information can only be collected by direct observation. This can include sighting weapons (recording type, model, serial number, country of manufacture and condition); examining weapons caches and stockpiles (geographic location, distribu\u00ad tion, contents and condition of weapons, physical size, etc.); recording information on military installations and forces (location, size, identity, etc.); investigating weapons markets and other commercial transactions (supply and demand, prices, etc.); and recording the effects of small arms (displaced camps and conditions, destruction of infrastructure, types of wounds caused by small arms, etc.). Direct observation may also be a useful technique to obtain information about \u2018hidden\u2019 members of armed groups and forces, such as children, abductees and foreign fighters, whose association with the group may not be formally acknowledged.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":485, "Sentence":"); and recording the effects of small arms (displaced camps and conditions, destruction of infrastructure, types of wounds caused by small arms, etc.).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design recording effect small arm displaced camp condition destruction infrastructure type wound caused small arm etc .." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.1. Direct observation", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Several vital types of information can only be collected by direct observation. This can include sighting weapons (recording type, model, serial number, country of manufacture and condition); examining weapons caches and stockpiles (geographic location, distribu\u00ad tion, contents and condition of weapons, physical size, etc.); recording information on military installations and forces (location, size, identity, etc.); investigating weapons markets and other commercial transactions (supply and demand, prices, etc.); and recording the effects of small arms (displaced camps and conditions, destruction of infrastructure, types of wounds caused by small arms, etc.). Direct observation may also be a useful technique to obtain information about \u2018hidden\u2019 members of armed groups and forces, such as children, abductees and foreign fighters, whose association with the group may not be formally acknowledged.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":485, "Sentence":"Direct observation may also be a useful technique to obtain information about \u2018hidden\u2019 members of armed groups and forces, such as children, abductees and foreign fighters, whose association with the group may not be formally acknowledged.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design direct observation may also useful technique obtain information \u2018 hidden \u2019 member armed group force child abductees foreign fighter whose association group may formally acknowledged ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.2. Key informant interviews and focus groups", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Interviews and focus groups are essential to obtain information on, for example, com\u00ad mand structures, numbers and types of people associated with the group, weaponry, etc., through direct testimony and group discussions. Vital information, e.g., numbers, types and distribution of weapons, as well as on weapons trafficking, children and abductees being held by armed forces and groups and foreign fighters (which some groups may try to conceal), can often be obtained directly from ex\u00adcombatants, local authorities or civilians. Although the information given may not be quantitatively precise or reliable, important qualitative conclusions can be drawn from it. Corroboration by multiple sources is a tried and tested method of ensuring the validity of the data (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarma\u00ad ment, IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR, IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.40 on Cross\u00adborder Population Movements).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":486, "Sentence":"Interviews and focus groups are essential to obtain information on, for example, com\u00ad mand structures, numbers and types of people associated with the group, weaponry, etc., through direct testimony and group discussions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design interview focus group essential obtain information example com\u00ad mand structure number type people associated group weaponry etc . direct testimony group discussion ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.2. Key informant interviews and focus groups", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Interviews and focus groups are essential to obtain information on, for example, com\u00ad mand structures, numbers and types of people associated with the group, weaponry, etc., through direct testimony and group discussions. Vital information, e.g., numbers, types and distribution of weapons, as well as on weapons trafficking, children and abductees being held by armed forces and groups and foreign fighters (which some groups may try to conceal), can often be obtained directly from ex\u00adcombatants, local authorities or civilians. Although the information given may not be quantitatively precise or reliable, important qualitative conclusions can be drawn from it. Corroboration by multiple sources is a tried and tested method of ensuring the validity of the data (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarma\u00ad ment, IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR, IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.40 on Cross\u00adborder Population Movements).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":486, "Sentence":"Vital information, e.g., numbers, types and distribution of weapons, as well as on weapons trafficking, children and abductees being held by armed forces and groups and foreign fighters (which some groups may try to conceal), can often be obtained directly from ex\u00adcombatants, local authorities or civilians.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design vital information e.g . number type distribution weapon well weapon trafficking child abductees held armed force group foreign fighter group may try conceal often obtained directly ex\u00adcombatants local authority civilian ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.2. Key informant interviews and focus groups", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Interviews and focus groups are essential to obtain information on, for example, com\u00ad mand structures, numbers and types of people associated with the group, weaponry, etc., through direct testimony and group discussions. Vital information, e.g., numbers, types and distribution of weapons, as well as on weapons trafficking, children and abductees being held by armed forces and groups and foreign fighters (which some groups may try to conceal), can often be obtained directly from ex\u00adcombatants, local authorities or civilians. Although the information given may not be quantitatively precise or reliable, important qualitative conclusions can be drawn from it. Corroboration by multiple sources is a tried and tested method of ensuring the validity of the data (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarma\u00ad ment, IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR, IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.40 on Cross\u00adborder Population Movements).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":486, "Sentence":"Although the information given may not be quantitatively precise or reliable, important qualitative conclusions can be drawn from it.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design although information given may quantitatively precise reliable important qualitative conclusion drawn ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.2. Key informant interviews and focus groups", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Interviews and focus groups are essential to obtain information on, for example, com\u00ad mand structures, numbers and types of people associated with the group, weaponry, etc., through direct testimony and group discussions. Vital information, e.g., numbers, types and distribution of weapons, as well as on weapons trafficking, children and abductees being held by armed forces and groups and foreign fighters (which some groups may try to conceal), can often be obtained directly from ex\u00adcombatants, local authorities or civilians. Although the information given may not be quantitatively precise or reliable, important qualitative conclusions can be drawn from it. Corroboration by multiple sources is a tried and tested method of ensuring the validity of the data (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarma\u00ad ment, IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR, IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.40 on Cross\u00adborder Population Movements).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":486, "Sentence":"Corroboration by multiple sources is a tried and tested method of ensuring the validity of the data (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarma\u00ad ment, IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR, IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.40 on Cross\u00adborder Population Movements).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design corroboration multiple source tried tested method ensuring validity data also see iddrs 4.10 disarma\u00ad ment iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr iddrs 5.20 youth ddr iddrs 5.30 child ddr iddrs 5.40 cross\u00adborder population movement ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.3. Mass-based surveys", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Surveys can reveal important information, e.g., on trends in weapons availability, possession and distribution among ex\u00adcombatants; or information on the extent and nature of armed violence against civilians. The success or failure of a mass\u00adbased survey ultimately depends on several factors, including the willingness of combatants and civilians to disclose sensi\u00ad tive information, access to affected areas, design and administration of the questionnaire (is it easy to understand and administer?), and the extent to which the sample used in the survey is inclusive and representative.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":487, "Sentence":"Surveys can reveal important information, e.g., on trends in weapons availability, possession and distribution among ex\u00adcombatants; or information on the extent and nature of armed violence against civilians.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design survey reveal important information e.g . trend weapon availability possession distribution among ex\u00adcombatants information extent nature armed violence civilian ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.3. Mass-based surveys", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Surveys can reveal important information, e.g., on trends in weapons availability, possession and distribution among ex\u00adcombatants; or information on the extent and nature of armed violence against civilians. The success or failure of a mass\u00adbased survey ultimately depends on several factors, including the willingness of combatants and civilians to disclose sensi\u00ad tive information, access to affected areas, design and administration of the questionnaire (is it easy to understand and administer?), and the extent to which the sample used in the survey is inclusive and representative.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":487, "Sentence":"The success or failure of a mass\u00adbased survey ultimately depends on several factors, including the willingness of combatants and civilians to disclose sensi\u00ad tive information, access to affected areas, design and administration of the questionnaire (is it easy to understand and administer?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design success failure mass\u00adbased survey ultimately depends several factor including willingness combatant civilian disclose sensi\u00ad tive information access affected area design administration questionnaire easy understand administer" }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.3. Mass-based surveys", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Surveys can reveal important information, e.g., on trends in weapons availability, possession and distribution among ex\u00adcombatants; or information on the extent and nature of armed violence against civilians. The success or failure of a mass\u00adbased survey ultimately depends on several factors, including the willingness of combatants and civilians to disclose sensi\u00ad tive information, access to affected areas, design and administration of the questionnaire (is it easy to understand and administer?), and the extent to which the sample used in the survey is inclusive and representative.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":487, "Sentence":"), and the extent to which the sample used in the survey is inclusive and representative.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design extent sample used survey inclusive representative ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.4. Participatory assessments", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Participatory assessments, using the tools and methodology of participatory rural assess\u00ad ment (PRA),1 is a useful methodology when the real issues and problems are not known to the researcher, and provides a way to avoid the problem of researcher bias in orientation and analysis. It is a particularly useful methodology when working with illiterate people, and can be adapted for use with different ages and sexes. To date, PRA tools have been used in security\u00adrelated research, e.g.: for a small arms assessment, to explore subjective perceptions of small arms\u00adrelated insecurity (e.g., what impacts are most felt by civilians?); to obtain overviews of militia organizations and weapons distribution (through social mapping and history time\u00adline exercises); and to identify community perceptions of matters relating to security sector reform (SSR), e.g., policing.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":488, "Sentence":"Participatory assessments, using the tools and methodology of participatory rural assess\u00ad ment (PRA),1 is a useful methodology when the real issues and problems are not known to the researcher, and provides a way to avoid the problem of researcher bias in orientation and analysis.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design participatory assessment using tool methodology participatory rural assess\u00ad ment pra1 useful methodology real issue problem known researcher provides way avoid problem researcher bias orientation analysis ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.4. Participatory assessments", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Participatory assessments, using the tools and methodology of participatory rural assess\u00ad ment (PRA),1 is a useful methodology when the real issues and problems are not known to the researcher, and provides a way to avoid the problem of researcher bias in orientation and analysis. It is a particularly useful methodology when working with illiterate people, and can be adapted for use with different ages and sexes. To date, PRA tools have been used in security\u00adrelated research, e.g.: for a small arms assessment, to explore subjective perceptions of small arms\u00adrelated insecurity (e.g., what impacts are most felt by civilians?); to obtain overviews of militia organizations and weapons distribution (through social mapping and history time\u00adline exercises); and to identify community perceptions of matters relating to security sector reform (SSR), e.g., policing.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":488, "Sentence":"It is a particularly useful methodology when working with illiterate people, and can be adapted for use with different ages and sexes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design particularly useful methodology working illiterate people adapted use different age sex ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.4. Participatory assessments", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Participatory assessments, using the tools and methodology of participatory rural assess\u00ad ment (PRA),1 is a useful methodology when the real issues and problems are not known to the researcher, and provides a way to avoid the problem of researcher bias in orientation and analysis. It is a particularly useful methodology when working with illiterate people, and can be adapted for use with different ages and sexes. To date, PRA tools have been used in security\u00adrelated research, e.g.: for a small arms assessment, to explore subjective perceptions of small arms\u00adrelated insecurity (e.g., what impacts are most felt by civilians?); to obtain overviews of militia organizations and weapons distribution (through social mapping and history time\u00adline exercises); and to identify community perceptions of matters relating to security sector reform (SSR), e.g., policing.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":488, "Sentence":"To date, PRA tools have been used in security\u00adrelated research, e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design date pra tool used security\u00adrelated research e.g ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.4. Participatory assessments", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Participatory assessments, using the tools and methodology of participatory rural assess\u00ad ment (PRA),1 is a useful methodology when the real issues and problems are not known to the researcher, and provides a way to avoid the problem of researcher bias in orientation and analysis. It is a particularly useful methodology when working with illiterate people, and can be adapted for use with different ages and sexes. To date, PRA tools have been used in security\u00adrelated research, e.g.: for a small arms assessment, to explore subjective perceptions of small arms\u00adrelated insecurity (e.g., what impacts are most felt by civilians?); to obtain overviews of militia organizations and weapons distribution (through social mapping and history time\u00adline exercises); and to identify community perceptions of matters relating to security sector reform (SSR), e.g., policing.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":488, "Sentence":": for a small arms assessment, to explore subjective perceptions of small arms\u00adrelated insecurity (e.g., what impacts are most felt by civilians?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design small arm assessment explore subjective perception small arms\u00adrelated insecurity e.g . impact felt civilian" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.4. Participatory assessments", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Participatory assessments, using the tools and methodology of participatory rural assess\u00ad ment (PRA),1 is a useful methodology when the real issues and problems are not known to the researcher, and provides a way to avoid the problem of researcher bias in orientation and analysis. It is a particularly useful methodology when working with illiterate people, and can be adapted for use with different ages and sexes. To date, PRA tools have been used in security\u00adrelated research, e.g.: for a small arms assessment, to explore subjective perceptions of small arms\u00adrelated insecurity (e.g., what impacts are most felt by civilians?); to obtain overviews of militia organizations and weapons distribution (through social mapping and history time\u00adline exercises); and to identify community perceptions of matters relating to security sector reform (SSR), e.g., policing.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":488, "Sentence":"); to obtain overviews of militia organizations and weapons distribution (through social mapping and history time\u00adline exercises); and to identify community perceptions of matters relating to security sector reform (SSR), e.g., policing.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design obtain overview militia organization weapon distribution social mapping history time\u00adline exercise identify community perception matter relating security sector reform ssr e.g . policing ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.5. Market research", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Two sets of market research should be carried out. The first focuses on gathering informa\u00ad tion relating to small arms. This could include: information on prices and how these have changed over time; identification of companies and other entities involved in weapons production, procurement and distribution; and details on weapons pipelines. This can provide important data on the nature, size and dynamics of the market or trade in small arms. Price information, particularly when collected at different locations within a country, can give insights into supply and demand dynamics that reveal differences in the extent of small arms proliferation and availability. Market research can also be used as a preventive measure by monitoring small arms prices, where a dramatic spike in prices usually indicates an upsurge in demand.A second set of market research should focus on gathering information on the local economic and employment situation so as to identify opportunities in the job market for reintegrating combatants (also see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":489, "Sentence":"Two sets of market research should be carried out.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design two set market research carried ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.5. Market research", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Two sets of market research should be carried out. The first focuses on gathering informa\u00ad tion relating to small arms. This could include: information on prices and how these have changed over time; identification of companies and other entities involved in weapons production, procurement and distribution; and details on weapons pipelines. This can provide important data on the nature, size and dynamics of the market or trade in small arms. Price information, particularly when collected at different locations within a country, can give insights into supply and demand dynamics that reveal differences in the extent of small arms proliferation and availability. Market research can also be used as a preventive measure by monitoring small arms prices, where a dramatic spike in prices usually indicates an upsurge in demand.A second set of market research should focus on gathering information on the local economic and employment situation so as to identify opportunities in the job market for reintegrating combatants (also see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":489, "Sentence":"The first focuses on gathering informa\u00ad tion relating to small arms.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design first focus gathering informa\u00ad tion relating small arm ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.5. Market research", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Two sets of market research should be carried out. The first focuses on gathering informa\u00ad tion relating to small arms. This could include: information on prices and how these have changed over time; identification of companies and other entities involved in weapons production, procurement and distribution; and details on weapons pipelines. This can provide important data on the nature, size and dynamics of the market or trade in small arms. Price information, particularly when collected at different locations within a country, can give insights into supply and demand dynamics that reveal differences in the extent of small arms proliferation and availability. Market research can also be used as a preventive measure by monitoring small arms prices, where a dramatic spike in prices usually indicates an upsurge in demand.A second set of market research should focus on gathering information on the local economic and employment situation so as to identify opportunities in the job market for reintegrating combatants (also see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":489, "Sentence":"This could include: information on prices and how these have changed over time; identification of companies and other entities involved in weapons production, procurement and distribution; and details on weapons pipelines.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design could include information price changed time identification company entity involved weapon production procurement distribution detail weapon pipeline ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.5. Market research", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Two sets of market research should be carried out. The first focuses on gathering informa\u00ad tion relating to small arms. This could include: information on prices and how these have changed over time; identification of companies and other entities involved in weapons production, procurement and distribution; and details on weapons pipelines. This can provide important data on the nature, size and dynamics of the market or trade in small arms. Price information, particularly when collected at different locations within a country, can give insights into supply and demand dynamics that reveal differences in the extent of small arms proliferation and availability. Market research can also be used as a preventive measure by monitoring small arms prices, where a dramatic spike in prices usually indicates an upsurge in demand.A second set of market research should focus on gathering information on the local economic and employment situation so as to identify opportunities in the job market for reintegrating combatants (also see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":489, "Sentence":"This can provide important data on the nature, size and dynamics of the market or trade in small arms.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design provide important data nature size dynamic market trade small arm ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.5. Market research", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Two sets of market research should be carried out. The first focuses on gathering informa\u00ad tion relating to small arms. This could include: information on prices and how these have changed over time; identification of companies and other entities involved in weapons production, procurement and distribution; and details on weapons pipelines. This can provide important data on the nature, size and dynamics of the market or trade in small arms. Price information, particularly when collected at different locations within a country, can give insights into supply and demand dynamics that reveal differences in the extent of small arms proliferation and availability. Market research can also be used as a preventive measure by monitoring small arms prices, where a dramatic spike in prices usually indicates an upsurge in demand.A second set of market research should focus on gathering information on the local economic and employment situation so as to identify opportunities in the job market for reintegrating combatants (also see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":489, "Sentence":"Price information, particularly when collected at different locations within a country, can give insights into supply and demand dynamics that reveal differences in the extent of small arms proliferation and availability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design price information particularly collected different location within country give insight supply demand dynamic reveal difference extent small arm proliferation availability ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.5. Market research", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Two sets of market research should be carried out. The first focuses on gathering informa\u00ad tion relating to small arms. This could include: information on prices and how these have changed over time; identification of companies and other entities involved in weapons production, procurement and distribution; and details on weapons pipelines. This can provide important data on the nature, size and dynamics of the market or trade in small arms. Price information, particularly when collected at different locations within a country, can give insights into supply and demand dynamics that reveal differences in the extent of small arms proliferation and availability. Market research can also be used as a preventive measure by monitoring small arms prices, where a dramatic spike in prices usually indicates an upsurge in demand.A second set of market research should focus on gathering information on the local economic and employment situation so as to identify opportunities in the job market for reintegrating combatants (also see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":489, "Sentence":"Market research can also be used as a preventive measure by monitoring small arms prices, where a dramatic spike in prices usually indicates an upsurge in demand.A second set of market research should focus on gathering information on the local economic and employment situation so as to identify opportunities in the job market for reintegrating combatants (also see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design market research also used preventive measure monitoring small arm price dramatic spike price usually indicates upsurge demand.a second set market research focus gathering information local economic employment situation identify opportunity job market reintegrating combatant also see iddrs 4.30 social economic reintegration ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.6. Institutional capacity assessments", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"An assessment of the national institutional capacity to manage and implement the different aspects of DDR requires an evaluation of existing institutions and systems, human resources, and capacities. Three issues are of particular importance: the examination of existing capaci\u00ad ties, as compared with those that are still needed; the efficiency and effectiveness of existing management structures; and the adequacy of legal and regulatory frameworks. This assess\u00ad ment should provide information on institutional capacities for weapons collection and control, institutional coordination, managing and running demobilization camps, managing information flows, and providing support for reintegration planning and implementation.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":490, "Sentence":"An assessment of the national institutional capacity to manage and implement the different aspects of DDR requires an evaluation of existing institutions and systems, human resources, and capacities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design assessment national institutional capacity manage implement different aspect ddr requires evaluation existing institution system human resource capacity ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.6. Institutional capacity assessments", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"An assessment of the national institutional capacity to manage and implement the different aspects of DDR requires an evaluation of existing institutions and systems, human resources, and capacities. Three issues are of particular importance: the examination of existing capaci\u00ad ties, as compared with those that are still needed; the efficiency and effectiveness of existing management structures; and the adequacy of legal and regulatory frameworks. This assess\u00ad ment should provide information on institutional capacities for weapons collection and control, institutional coordination, managing and running demobilization camps, managing information flows, and providing support for reintegration planning and implementation.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":490, "Sentence":"Three issues are of particular importance: the examination of existing capaci\u00ad ties, as compared with those that are still needed; the efficiency and effectiveness of existing management structures; and the adequacy of legal and regulatory frameworks.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design three issue particular importance examination existing capaci\u00ad tie compared still needed efficiency effectiveness existing management structure adequacy legal regulatory framework ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.6. Institutional capacity assessments", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"An assessment of the national institutional capacity to manage and implement the different aspects of DDR requires an evaluation of existing institutions and systems, human resources, and capacities. Three issues are of particular importance: the examination of existing capaci\u00ad ties, as compared with those that are still needed; the efficiency and effectiveness of existing management structures; and the adequacy of legal and regulatory frameworks. This assess\u00ad ment should provide information on institutional capacities for weapons collection and control, institutional coordination, managing and running demobilization camps, managing information flows, and providing support for reintegration planning and implementation.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":490, "Sentence":"This assess\u00ad ment should provide information on institutional capacities for weapons collection and control, institutional coordination, managing and running demobilization camps, managing information flows, and providing support for reintegration planning and implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design assess\u00ad ment provide information institutional capacity weapon collection control institutional coordination managing running demobilization camp managing information flow providing support reintegration planning implementation ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.7. Sampling", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Although not a method for collecting or analysing information, sampling is a useful tool for determining the scope, focus and precision of data collection activities, and should be used together with all of the methods described above. Through sampling, general insight on specific DDR issues can be obtained from civilian populations and subgroups (especially armed forces and groups). The key to obtaining valid assumptions through sampling is to ensure that the population sampled is representative, i.e., has characteristics broadly similar", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":491, "Sentence":"Although not a method for collecting or analysing information, sampling is a useful tool for determining the scope, focus and precision of data collection activities, and should be used together with all of the methods described above.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design although method collecting analysing information sampling useful tool determining scope focus precision data collection activity used together method described ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.7. Sampling", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Although not a method for collecting or analysing information, sampling is a useful tool for determining the scope, focus and precision of data collection activities, and should be used together with all of the methods described above. Through sampling, general insight on specific DDR issues can be obtained from civilian populations and subgroups (especially armed forces and groups). The key to obtaining valid assumptions through sampling is to ensure that the population sampled is representative, i.e., has characteristics broadly similar", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":491, "Sentence":"Through sampling, general insight on specific DDR issues can be obtained from civilian populations and subgroups (especially armed forces and groups).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design sampling general insight specific ddr issue obtained civilian population subgroup especially armed force group ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"5. Stage I: Conducting a detailed field assessment", "Heading2":"5.3. Implementing the assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.6. Methodologies for data collection", "Heading4":"5.3.6.7. Sampling", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Although not a method for collecting or analysing information, sampling is a useful tool for determining the scope, focus and precision of data collection activities, and should be used together with all of the methods described above. Through sampling, general insight on specific DDR issues can be obtained from civilian populations and subgroups (especially armed forces and groups). The key to obtaining valid assumptions through sampling is to ensure that the population sampled is representative, i.e., has characteristics broadly similar", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":491, "Sentence":"The key to obtaining valid assumptions through sampling is to ensure that the population sampled is representative, i.e., has characteristics broadly similar", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design key obtaining valid assumption sampling ensure population sampled representative i.e . characteristic broadly similar" }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"5.3.7. Analysing results: Tools and techniques", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Once datasets for different themes or areas have been generated, the next step is to make sense of the results. Several analytical tools and techniques can be used, depending on the degree of accuracy needed and the quality of the data: \\n Qualitative analytical tools are used to make sense of facts, descriptions and perceptions through comparative analysis, inference, classification and categorization. Such tools help to understand the context; the political, social and historical background; and the details that numbers alone cannot provide; \\n Quantitative analytical tools (statistical, geometric and financial) are used to calculate trends and distribution, and help to accurately show the size and extent, quantity and dispersion of the factors being studied; \\n Estimation and extrapolation help to obtain generalized findings or results from sampled data. Given the large geographical areas in which DDR assessments are carried out, estimating and extrapolating based on a representative sample is the only way to obtain an idea of the \u2018bigger picture\u2019; \\n Triangulation (cross\u00adreferencing), or the comparison of results from three different methods or data sources, helps to confirm the validity of data collected in contexts where infor\u00admation is fragmentary, imprecise or unreliable. Although normally used with direct observation and interviewing (where facts are confirmed by using three or more differ\u00ad ent sources), triangulation can also be applied between different methods, to increase the probability of reaching a reasonably accurate result, and to maximize reliability and validity; \\n Geographic\/Demographic mapping, which draws on all the techniques mentioned above, involves plotting the information gained about participants and beneficiaries geo\u00ad graphically (i.e., the way they are spread over a geographical area) or chronologically (over time) to determine their concentration, spread and any changes over time.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":492, "Sentence":"Once datasets for different themes or areas have been generated, the next step is to make sense of the results.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design datasets different theme area generated next step make sense result ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"5.3.7. Analysing results: Tools and techniques", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Once datasets for different themes or areas have been generated, the next step is to make sense of the results. Several analytical tools and techniques can be used, depending on the degree of accuracy needed and the quality of the data: \\n Qualitative analytical tools are used to make sense of facts, descriptions and perceptions through comparative analysis, inference, classification and categorization. Such tools help to understand the context; the political, social and historical background; and the details that numbers alone cannot provide; \\n Quantitative analytical tools (statistical, geometric and financial) are used to calculate trends and distribution, and help to accurately show the size and extent, quantity and dispersion of the factors being studied; \\n Estimation and extrapolation help to obtain generalized findings or results from sampled data. Given the large geographical areas in which DDR assessments are carried out, estimating and extrapolating based on a representative sample is the only way to obtain an idea of the \u2018bigger picture\u2019; \\n Triangulation (cross\u00adreferencing), or the comparison of results from three different methods or data sources, helps to confirm the validity of data collected in contexts where infor\u00admation is fragmentary, imprecise or unreliable. Although normally used with direct observation and interviewing (where facts are confirmed by using three or more differ\u00ad ent sources), triangulation can also be applied between different methods, to increase the probability of reaching a reasonably accurate result, and to maximize reliability and validity; \\n Geographic\/Demographic mapping, which draws on all the techniques mentioned above, involves plotting the information gained about participants and beneficiaries geo\u00ad graphically (i.e., the way they are spread over a geographical area) or chronologically (over time) to determine their concentration, spread and any changes over time.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":492, "Sentence":"Several analytical tools and techniques can be used, depending on the degree of accuracy needed and the quality of the data: \\n Qualitative analytical tools are used to make sense of facts, descriptions and perceptions through comparative analysis, inference, classification and categorization.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design several analytical tool technique used depending degree accuracy needed quality data n qualitative analytical tool used make sense fact description perception comparative analysis inference classification categorization ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"5.3.7. Analysing results: Tools and techniques", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Once datasets for different themes or areas have been generated, the next step is to make sense of the results. Several analytical tools and techniques can be used, depending on the degree of accuracy needed and the quality of the data: \\n Qualitative analytical tools are used to make sense of facts, descriptions and perceptions through comparative analysis, inference, classification and categorization. Such tools help to understand the context; the political, social and historical background; and the details that numbers alone cannot provide; \\n Quantitative analytical tools (statistical, geometric and financial) are used to calculate trends and distribution, and help to accurately show the size and extent, quantity and dispersion of the factors being studied; \\n Estimation and extrapolation help to obtain generalized findings or results from sampled data. Given the large geographical areas in which DDR assessments are carried out, estimating and extrapolating based on a representative sample is the only way to obtain an idea of the \u2018bigger picture\u2019; \\n Triangulation (cross\u00adreferencing), or the comparison of results from three different methods or data sources, helps to confirm the validity of data collected in contexts where infor\u00admation is fragmentary, imprecise or unreliable. Although normally used with direct observation and interviewing (where facts are confirmed by using three or more differ\u00ad ent sources), triangulation can also be applied between different methods, to increase the probability of reaching a reasonably accurate result, and to maximize reliability and validity; \\n Geographic\/Demographic mapping, which draws on all the techniques mentioned above, involves plotting the information gained about participants and beneficiaries geo\u00ad graphically (i.e., the way they are spread over a geographical area) or chronologically (over time) to determine their concentration, spread and any changes over time.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":492, "Sentence":"Such tools help to understand the context; the political, social and historical background; and the details that numbers alone cannot provide; \\n Quantitative analytical tools (statistical, geometric and financial) are used to calculate trends and distribution, and help to accurately show the size and extent, quantity and dispersion of the factors being studied; \\n Estimation and extrapolation help to obtain generalized findings or results from sampled data.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design tool help understand context political social historical background detail number alone provide n quantitative analytical tool statistical geometric financial used calculate trend distribution help accurately show size extent quantity dispersion factor studied n estimation extrapolation help obtain generalized finding result sampled data ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"5.3.7. Analysing results: Tools and techniques", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Once datasets for different themes or areas have been generated, the next step is to make sense of the results. Several analytical tools and techniques can be used, depending on the degree of accuracy needed and the quality of the data: \\n Qualitative analytical tools are used to make sense of facts, descriptions and perceptions through comparative analysis, inference, classification and categorization. Such tools help to understand the context; the political, social and historical background; and the details that numbers alone cannot provide; \\n Quantitative analytical tools (statistical, geometric and financial) are used to calculate trends and distribution, and help to accurately show the size and extent, quantity and dispersion of the factors being studied; \\n Estimation and extrapolation help to obtain generalized findings or results from sampled data. Given the large geographical areas in which DDR assessments are carried out, estimating and extrapolating based on a representative sample is the only way to obtain an idea of the \u2018bigger picture\u2019; \\n Triangulation (cross\u00adreferencing), or the comparison of results from three different methods or data sources, helps to confirm the validity of data collected in contexts where infor\u00admation is fragmentary, imprecise or unreliable. Although normally used with direct observation and interviewing (where facts are confirmed by using three or more differ\u00ad ent sources), triangulation can also be applied between different methods, to increase the probability of reaching a reasonably accurate result, and to maximize reliability and validity; \\n Geographic\/Demographic mapping, which draws on all the techniques mentioned above, involves plotting the information gained about participants and beneficiaries geo\u00ad graphically (i.e., the way they are spread over a geographical area) or chronologically (over time) to determine their concentration, spread and any changes over time.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":492, "Sentence":"Given the large geographical areas in which DDR assessments are carried out, estimating and extrapolating based on a representative sample is the only way to obtain an idea of the \u2018bigger picture\u2019; \\n Triangulation (cross\u00adreferencing), or the comparison of results from three different methods or data sources, helps to confirm the validity of data collected in contexts where infor\u00admation is fragmentary, imprecise or unreliable.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design given large geographical area ddr assessment carried estimating extrapolating based representative sample way obtain idea \u2018 bigger picture \u2019 n triangulation cross\u00adreferencing comparison result three different method data source help confirm validity data collected context infor\u00admation fragmentary imprecise unreliable ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"5.3.7. Analysing results: Tools and techniques", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Once datasets for different themes or areas have been generated, the next step is to make sense of the results. Several analytical tools and techniques can be used, depending on the degree of accuracy needed and the quality of the data: \\n Qualitative analytical tools are used to make sense of facts, descriptions and perceptions through comparative analysis, inference, classification and categorization. Such tools help to understand the context; the political, social and historical background; and the details that numbers alone cannot provide; \\n Quantitative analytical tools (statistical, geometric and financial) are used to calculate trends and distribution, and help to accurately show the size and extent, quantity and dispersion of the factors being studied; \\n Estimation and extrapolation help to obtain generalized findings or results from sampled data. Given the large geographical areas in which DDR assessments are carried out, estimating and extrapolating based on a representative sample is the only way to obtain an idea of the \u2018bigger picture\u2019; \\n Triangulation (cross\u00adreferencing), or the comparison of results from three different methods or data sources, helps to confirm the validity of data collected in contexts where infor\u00admation is fragmentary, imprecise or unreliable. Although normally used with direct observation and interviewing (where facts are confirmed by using three or more differ\u00ad ent sources), triangulation can also be applied between different methods, to increase the probability of reaching a reasonably accurate result, and to maximize reliability and validity; \\n Geographic\/Demographic mapping, which draws on all the techniques mentioned above, involves plotting the information gained about participants and beneficiaries geo\u00ad graphically (i.e., the way they are spread over a geographical area) or chronologically (over time) to determine their concentration, spread and any changes over time.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":492, "Sentence":"Although normally used with direct observation and interviewing (where facts are confirmed by using three or more differ\u00ad ent sources), triangulation can also be applied between different methods, to increase the probability of reaching a reasonably accurate result, and to maximize reliability and validity; \\n Geographic\/Demographic mapping, which draws on all the techniques mentioned above, involves plotting the information gained about participants and beneficiaries geo\u00ad graphically (i.e., the way they are spread over a geographical area) or chronologically (over time) to determine their concentration, spread and any changes over time.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design although normally used direct observation interviewing fact confirmed using three differ\u00ad ent source triangulation also applied different method increase probability reaching reasonably accurate result maximize reliability validity n geographic\/demographic mapping draw technique mentioned involves plotting information gained participant beneficiary geo\u00ad graphically i.e . way spread geographical area chronologically time determine concentration spread change time ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Designing a comprehensive DDR programme document is a time\u00ad and labour\u00adintensive process that usually takes place after a peacekeeping mission has been authorized, and before deployment in the field has started.The programme document represents a blueprint for how DDR will be put into oper\u00ad ation, and by whom. It is different from an implementation plan (which is often more technical), provides time\u00adlines and information on how individual DDR tasks and activities will be carried out, and assigns responsibilities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":493, "Sentence":"Designing a comprehensive DDR programme document is a time\u00ad and labour\u00adintensive process that usually takes place after a peacekeeping mission has been authorized, and before deployment in the field has started.The programme document represents a blueprint for how DDR will be put into oper\u00ad ation, and by whom.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design designing comprehensive ddr programme document time\u00ad labour\u00adintensive process usually take place peacekeeping mission authorized deployment field started.the programme document represents blueprint ddr put oper\u00ad ation ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Designing a comprehensive DDR programme document is a time\u00ad and labour\u00adintensive process that usually takes place after a peacekeeping mission has been authorized, and before deployment in the field has started.The programme document represents a blueprint for how DDR will be put into oper\u00ad ation, and by whom. It is different from an implementation plan (which is often more technical), provides time\u00adlines and information on how individual DDR tasks and activities will be carried out, and assigns responsibilities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":493, "Sentence":"It is different from an implementation plan (which is often more technical), provides time\u00adlines and information on how individual DDR tasks and activities will be carried out, and assigns responsibilities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design different implementation plan often technical provides time\u00adlines information individual ddr task activity carried assigns responsibility ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.1. Contextual analysis and rationale", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The DDR programme document should be based on an in\u00addepth understanding of the national or local context and the situation in which the programme is to be implemented, as this will shape the objectives, overall strategy and criteria for entry, as follows: \\n General context and problem: This defines the \u2018problem\u2019 of DDR in the specific context in which it will be implemented (levels of violence, provisions in peace accords, lack of alternative livelihoods for ex\u00adcombatants, etc.), with a focus on the nature and con\u00ad sequences of the conflict; existing national and local capacities for DDR and SSR; and the broad political, social and economic characteristics of the operating environment; \\n Rationale and justification: Drawing from the situation analysis, this explains the need for DDR: why the approach suggested is an appropriate and viable response to the identified problem, the antecedents to the problem (i.e., what caused the problem in the first place) and degree of political will for its resolution; and any other factors that provide a compelling argument for undertaking DDR. In addition, the engagement and role of the UN should be specified here; \\n Overview of armed forces and groups: This section should provide an overview of all armed forces and groups and their key characteristics, e.g., force\/group strength, loca\u00ad tion, organization and structure, political affiliations, type of weaponry, etc. This information should be the basis for developing specifically designed strategies and approaches for the DDR of the armed forces and groups (see Annex D for a sample table of armed forces and groups); \\n Definition of participants and beneficiaries: Drawing on the comprehensive assessments and profiles of armed groups and forces and levels of violence that are normally inclu\u00ad ded in the framework, this section should identify which armed groups and forces should be prioritized for DDR programmes. This prioritization should be based on their involvement in or potential to cause violence, or otherwise affect security and the peace process. In addition, subgroups that should be given special attention (e.g., special needs groups) should be identified; \\n Socio-economic profile in areas of return: A general overview of socio\u00adeconomic conditions in the areas and communities to which ex\u00adcombatants will return is important in order to define both the general context of reintegration and specific strategies to ensure effec\u00ad tive and sustainable support for it. Such an overview can also provide an indication of how much pre\u00adDDR community recovery and reconstruction assistance will be necessary to improve the communities\u2019 capacity to absorb former combatants and other returning populations, and list potential links to other, either ongoing or planned, reconstruction and development initiatives.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":494, "Sentence":"The DDR programme document should be based on an in\u00addepth understanding of the national or local context and the situation in which the programme is to be implemented, as this will shape the objectives, overall strategy and criteria for entry, as follows: \\n General context and problem: This defines the \u2018problem\u2019 of DDR in the specific context in which it will be implemented (levels of violence, provisions in peace accords, lack of alternative livelihoods for ex\u00adcombatants, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design ddr programme document based in\u00addepth understanding national local context situation programme implemented shape objective overall strategy criterion entry follows n general context problem defines \u2018 problem \u2019 ddr specific context implemented level violence provision peace accord lack alternative livelihood ex\u00adcombatants etc ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.1. Contextual analysis and rationale", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The DDR programme document should be based on an in\u00addepth understanding of the national or local context and the situation in which the programme is to be implemented, as this will shape the objectives, overall strategy and criteria for entry, as follows: \\n General context and problem: This defines the \u2018problem\u2019 of DDR in the specific context in which it will be implemented (levels of violence, provisions in peace accords, lack of alternative livelihoods for ex\u00adcombatants, etc.), with a focus on the nature and con\u00ad sequences of the conflict; existing national and local capacities for DDR and SSR; and the broad political, social and economic characteristics of the operating environment; \\n Rationale and justification: Drawing from the situation analysis, this explains the need for DDR: why the approach suggested is an appropriate and viable response to the identified problem, the antecedents to the problem (i.e., what caused the problem in the first place) and degree of political will for its resolution; and any other factors that provide a compelling argument for undertaking DDR. In addition, the engagement and role of the UN should be specified here; \\n Overview of armed forces and groups: This section should provide an overview of all armed forces and groups and their key characteristics, e.g., force\/group strength, loca\u00ad tion, organization and structure, political affiliations, type of weaponry, etc. This information should be the basis for developing specifically designed strategies and approaches for the DDR of the armed forces and groups (see Annex D for a sample table of armed forces and groups); \\n Definition of participants and beneficiaries: Drawing on the comprehensive assessments and profiles of armed groups and forces and levels of violence that are normally inclu\u00ad ded in the framework, this section should identify which armed groups and forces should be prioritized for DDR programmes. This prioritization should be based on their involvement in or potential to cause violence, or otherwise affect security and the peace process. In addition, subgroups that should be given special attention (e.g., special needs groups) should be identified; \\n Socio-economic profile in areas of return: A general overview of socio\u00adeconomic conditions in the areas and communities to which ex\u00adcombatants will return is important in order to define both the general context of reintegration and specific strategies to ensure effec\u00ad tive and sustainable support for it. Such an overview can also provide an indication of how much pre\u00adDDR community recovery and reconstruction assistance will be necessary to improve the communities\u2019 capacity to absorb former combatants and other returning populations, and list potential links to other, either ongoing or planned, reconstruction and development initiatives.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":494, "Sentence":"), with a focus on the nature and con\u00ad sequences of the conflict; existing national and local capacities for DDR and SSR; and the broad political, social and economic characteristics of the operating environment; \\n Rationale and justification: Drawing from the situation analysis, this explains the need for DDR: why the approach suggested is an appropriate and viable response to the identified problem, the antecedents to the problem (i.e., what caused the problem in the first place) and degree of political will for its resolution; and any other factors that provide a compelling argument for undertaking DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design focus nature con\u00ad sequence conflict existing national local capacity ddr ssr broad political social economic characteristic operating environment n rationale justification drawing situation analysis explains need ddr approach suggested appropriate viable response identified problem antecedent problem i.e . caused problem first place degree political resolution factor provide compelling argument undertaking ddr ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.1. Contextual analysis and rationale", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The DDR programme document should be based on an in\u00addepth understanding of the national or local context and the situation in which the programme is to be implemented, as this will shape the objectives, overall strategy and criteria for entry, as follows: \\n General context and problem: This defines the \u2018problem\u2019 of DDR in the specific context in which it will be implemented (levels of violence, provisions in peace accords, lack of alternative livelihoods for ex\u00adcombatants, etc.), with a focus on the nature and con\u00ad sequences of the conflict; existing national and local capacities for DDR and SSR; and the broad political, social and economic characteristics of the operating environment; \\n Rationale and justification: Drawing from the situation analysis, this explains the need for DDR: why the approach suggested is an appropriate and viable response to the identified problem, the antecedents to the problem (i.e., what caused the problem in the first place) and degree of political will for its resolution; and any other factors that provide a compelling argument for undertaking DDR. In addition, the engagement and role of the UN should be specified here; \\n Overview of armed forces and groups: This section should provide an overview of all armed forces and groups and their key characteristics, e.g., force\/group strength, loca\u00ad tion, organization and structure, political affiliations, type of weaponry, etc. This information should be the basis for developing specifically designed strategies and approaches for the DDR of the armed forces and groups (see Annex D for a sample table of armed forces and groups); \\n Definition of participants and beneficiaries: Drawing on the comprehensive assessments and profiles of armed groups and forces and levels of violence that are normally inclu\u00ad ded in the framework, this section should identify which armed groups and forces should be prioritized for DDR programmes. This prioritization should be based on their involvement in or potential to cause violence, or otherwise affect security and the peace process. In addition, subgroups that should be given special attention (e.g., special needs groups) should be identified; \\n Socio-economic profile in areas of return: A general overview of socio\u00adeconomic conditions in the areas and communities to which ex\u00adcombatants will return is important in order to define both the general context of reintegration and specific strategies to ensure effec\u00ad tive and sustainable support for it. Such an overview can also provide an indication of how much pre\u00adDDR community recovery and reconstruction assistance will be necessary to improve the communities\u2019 capacity to absorb former combatants and other returning populations, and list potential links to other, either ongoing or planned, reconstruction and development initiatives.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":494, "Sentence":"In addition, the engagement and role of the UN should be specified here; \\n Overview of armed forces and groups: This section should provide an overview of all armed forces and groups and their key characteristics, e.g., force\/group strength, loca\u00ad tion, organization and structure, political affiliations, type of weaponry, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design addition engagement role un specified n overview armed force group section provide overview armed force group key characteristic e.g . force\/group strength loca\u00ad tion organization structure political affiliation type weaponry etc ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.1. Contextual analysis and rationale", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The DDR programme document should be based on an in\u00addepth understanding of the national or local context and the situation in which the programme is to be implemented, as this will shape the objectives, overall strategy and criteria for entry, as follows: \\n General context and problem: This defines the \u2018problem\u2019 of DDR in the specific context in which it will be implemented (levels of violence, provisions in peace accords, lack of alternative livelihoods for ex\u00adcombatants, etc.), with a focus on the nature and con\u00ad sequences of the conflict; existing national and local capacities for DDR and SSR; and the broad political, social and economic characteristics of the operating environment; \\n Rationale and justification: Drawing from the situation analysis, this explains the need for DDR: why the approach suggested is an appropriate and viable response to the identified problem, the antecedents to the problem (i.e., what caused the problem in the first place) and degree of political will for its resolution; and any other factors that provide a compelling argument for undertaking DDR. In addition, the engagement and role of the UN should be specified here; \\n Overview of armed forces and groups: This section should provide an overview of all armed forces and groups and their key characteristics, e.g., force\/group strength, loca\u00ad tion, organization and structure, political affiliations, type of weaponry, etc. This information should be the basis for developing specifically designed strategies and approaches for the DDR of the armed forces and groups (see Annex D for a sample table of armed forces and groups); \\n Definition of participants and beneficiaries: Drawing on the comprehensive assessments and profiles of armed groups and forces and levels of violence that are normally inclu\u00ad ded in the framework, this section should identify which armed groups and forces should be prioritized for DDR programmes. This prioritization should be based on their involvement in or potential to cause violence, or otherwise affect security and the peace process. In addition, subgroups that should be given special attention (e.g., special needs groups) should be identified; \\n Socio-economic profile in areas of return: A general overview of socio\u00adeconomic conditions in the areas and communities to which ex\u00adcombatants will return is important in order to define both the general context of reintegration and specific strategies to ensure effec\u00ad tive and sustainable support for it. Such an overview can also provide an indication of how much pre\u00adDDR community recovery and reconstruction assistance will be necessary to improve the communities\u2019 capacity to absorb former combatants and other returning populations, and list potential links to other, either ongoing or planned, reconstruction and development initiatives.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":494, "Sentence":"This information should be the basis for developing specifically designed strategies and approaches for the DDR of the armed forces and groups (see Annex D for a sample table of armed forces and groups); \\n Definition of participants and beneficiaries: Drawing on the comprehensive assessments and profiles of armed groups and forces and levels of violence that are normally inclu\u00ad ded in the framework, this section should identify which armed groups and forces should be prioritized for DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design information basis developing specifically designed strategy approach ddr armed force group see annex sample table armed force group n definition participant beneficiary drawing comprehensive assessment profile armed group force level violence normally inclu\u00ad ded framework section identify armed group force prioritized ddr programme ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.1. Contextual analysis and rationale", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The DDR programme document should be based on an in\u00addepth understanding of the national or local context and the situation in which the programme is to be implemented, as this will shape the objectives, overall strategy and criteria for entry, as follows: \\n General context and problem: This defines the \u2018problem\u2019 of DDR in the specific context in which it will be implemented (levels of violence, provisions in peace accords, lack of alternative livelihoods for ex\u00adcombatants, etc.), with a focus on the nature and con\u00ad sequences of the conflict; existing national and local capacities for DDR and SSR; and the broad political, social and economic characteristics of the operating environment; \\n Rationale and justification: Drawing from the situation analysis, this explains the need for DDR: why the approach suggested is an appropriate and viable response to the identified problem, the antecedents to the problem (i.e., what caused the problem in the first place) and degree of political will for its resolution; and any other factors that provide a compelling argument for undertaking DDR. In addition, the engagement and role of the UN should be specified here; \\n Overview of armed forces and groups: This section should provide an overview of all armed forces and groups and their key characteristics, e.g., force\/group strength, loca\u00ad tion, organization and structure, political affiliations, type of weaponry, etc. This information should be the basis for developing specifically designed strategies and approaches for the DDR of the armed forces and groups (see Annex D for a sample table of armed forces and groups); \\n Definition of participants and beneficiaries: Drawing on the comprehensive assessments and profiles of armed groups and forces and levels of violence that are normally inclu\u00ad ded in the framework, this section should identify which armed groups and forces should be prioritized for DDR programmes. This prioritization should be based on their involvement in or potential to cause violence, or otherwise affect security and the peace process. In addition, subgroups that should be given special attention (e.g., special needs groups) should be identified; \\n Socio-economic profile in areas of return: A general overview of socio\u00adeconomic conditions in the areas and communities to which ex\u00adcombatants will return is important in order to define both the general context of reintegration and specific strategies to ensure effec\u00ad tive and sustainable support for it. Such an overview can also provide an indication of how much pre\u00adDDR community recovery and reconstruction assistance will be necessary to improve the communities\u2019 capacity to absorb former combatants and other returning populations, and list potential links to other, either ongoing or planned, reconstruction and development initiatives.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":494, "Sentence":"This prioritization should be based on their involvement in or potential to cause violence, or otherwise affect security and the peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design prioritization based involvement potential cause violence otherwise affect security peace process ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.1. Contextual analysis and rationale", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The DDR programme document should be based on an in\u00addepth understanding of the national or local context and the situation in which the programme is to be implemented, as this will shape the objectives, overall strategy and criteria for entry, as follows: \\n General context and problem: This defines the \u2018problem\u2019 of DDR in the specific context in which it will be implemented (levels of violence, provisions in peace accords, lack of alternative livelihoods for ex\u00adcombatants, etc.), with a focus on the nature and con\u00ad sequences of the conflict; existing national and local capacities for DDR and SSR; and the broad political, social and economic characteristics of the operating environment; \\n Rationale and justification: Drawing from the situation analysis, this explains the need for DDR: why the approach suggested is an appropriate and viable response to the identified problem, the antecedents to the problem (i.e., what caused the problem in the first place) and degree of political will for its resolution; and any other factors that provide a compelling argument for undertaking DDR. In addition, the engagement and role of the UN should be specified here; \\n Overview of armed forces and groups: This section should provide an overview of all armed forces and groups and their key characteristics, e.g., force\/group strength, loca\u00ad tion, organization and structure, political affiliations, type of weaponry, etc. This information should be the basis for developing specifically designed strategies and approaches for the DDR of the armed forces and groups (see Annex D for a sample table of armed forces and groups); \\n Definition of participants and beneficiaries: Drawing on the comprehensive assessments and profiles of armed groups and forces and levels of violence that are normally inclu\u00ad ded in the framework, this section should identify which armed groups and forces should be prioritized for DDR programmes. This prioritization should be based on their involvement in or potential to cause violence, or otherwise affect security and the peace process. In addition, subgroups that should be given special attention (e.g., special needs groups) should be identified; \\n Socio-economic profile in areas of return: A general overview of socio\u00adeconomic conditions in the areas and communities to which ex\u00adcombatants will return is important in order to define both the general context of reintegration and specific strategies to ensure effec\u00ad tive and sustainable support for it. Such an overview can also provide an indication of how much pre\u00adDDR community recovery and reconstruction assistance will be necessary to improve the communities\u2019 capacity to absorb former combatants and other returning populations, and list potential links to other, either ongoing or planned, reconstruction and development initiatives.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":494, "Sentence":"In addition, subgroups that should be given special attention (e.g., special needs groups) should be identified; \\n Socio-economic profile in areas of return: A general overview of socio\u00adeconomic conditions in the areas and communities to which ex\u00adcombatants will return is important in order to define both the general context of reintegration and specific strategies to ensure effec\u00ad tive and sustainable support for it.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design addition subgroup given special attention e.g . special need group identified n socioeconomic profile area return general overview socio\u00adeconomic condition area community ex\u00adcombatants return important order define general context reintegration specific strategy ensure effec\u00ad tive sustainable support ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.1. Contextual analysis and rationale", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The DDR programme document should be based on an in\u00addepth understanding of the national or local context and the situation in which the programme is to be implemented, as this will shape the objectives, overall strategy and criteria for entry, as follows: \\n General context and problem: This defines the \u2018problem\u2019 of DDR in the specific context in which it will be implemented (levels of violence, provisions in peace accords, lack of alternative livelihoods for ex\u00adcombatants, etc.), with a focus on the nature and con\u00ad sequences of the conflict; existing national and local capacities for DDR and SSR; and the broad political, social and economic characteristics of the operating environment; \\n Rationale and justification: Drawing from the situation analysis, this explains the need for DDR: why the approach suggested is an appropriate and viable response to the identified problem, the antecedents to the problem (i.e., what caused the problem in the first place) and degree of political will for its resolution; and any other factors that provide a compelling argument for undertaking DDR. In addition, the engagement and role of the UN should be specified here; \\n Overview of armed forces and groups: This section should provide an overview of all armed forces and groups and their key characteristics, e.g., force\/group strength, loca\u00ad tion, organization and structure, political affiliations, type of weaponry, etc. This information should be the basis for developing specifically designed strategies and approaches for the DDR of the armed forces and groups (see Annex D for a sample table of armed forces and groups); \\n Definition of participants and beneficiaries: Drawing on the comprehensive assessments and profiles of armed groups and forces and levels of violence that are normally inclu\u00ad ded in the framework, this section should identify which armed groups and forces should be prioritized for DDR programmes. This prioritization should be based on their involvement in or potential to cause violence, or otherwise affect security and the peace process. In addition, subgroups that should be given special attention (e.g., special needs groups) should be identified; \\n Socio-economic profile in areas of return: A general overview of socio\u00adeconomic conditions in the areas and communities to which ex\u00adcombatants will return is important in order to define both the general context of reintegration and specific strategies to ensure effec\u00ad tive and sustainable support for it. Such an overview can also provide an indication of how much pre\u00adDDR community recovery and reconstruction assistance will be necessary to improve the communities\u2019 capacity to absorb former combatants and other returning populations, and list potential links to other, either ongoing or planned, reconstruction and development initiatives.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":494, "Sentence":"Such an overview can also provide an indication of how much pre\u00adDDR community recovery and reconstruction assistance will be necessary to improve the communities\u2019 capacity to absorb former combatants and other returning populations, and list potential links to other, either ongoing or planned, reconstruction and development initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design overview also provide indication much pre\u00adddr community recovery reconstruction assistance necessary improve community \u2019 capacity absorb former combatant returning population list potential link either ongoing planned reconstruction development initiative ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.2. DDR programme objectives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Because the DDR programme document should contain strategies and requirements for a complex and multi\u00adcomponent process, it should be guided by both an overall goal and a series of smaller objectives that clearly define expected outputs in each subsector. While generic (general) objectives exist, they should be adapted to the realities and needs of each context. The set of general and specific objectives outlined in this section make up the overall framework for the DDR programme.Example: Objectives of the national DDR programme in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) \\n General objective: Contribute to the consolidation of peace, national reconciliation and the socio\u00adeconomic reconstruction of the country, as well as regional stability.Specific objectives: \\n Disarm combatants belonging to the armed groups and forces that will not be integrated into the DRC armed forces or in the police, as foreseen in the DRC peace accords; \\n Demobilize the military elements and armed groups not eligible for integration into the DRC armed forces; \\n Reintegrate demobilized elements into social and economic life within the framework of community productive systems.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":495, "Sentence":"Because the DDR programme document should contain strategies and requirements for a complex and multi\u00adcomponent process, it should be guided by both an overall goal and a series of smaller objectives that clearly define expected outputs in each subsector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design ddr programme document contain strategy requirement complex multi\u00adcomponent process guided overall goal series smaller objective clearly define expected output subsector ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.2. DDR programme objectives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Because the DDR programme document should contain strategies and requirements for a complex and multi\u00adcomponent process, it should be guided by both an overall goal and a series of smaller objectives that clearly define expected outputs in each subsector. While generic (general) objectives exist, they should be adapted to the realities and needs of each context. The set of general and specific objectives outlined in this section make up the overall framework for the DDR programme.Example: Objectives of the national DDR programme in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) \\n General objective: Contribute to the consolidation of peace, national reconciliation and the socio\u00adeconomic reconstruction of the country, as well as regional stability.Specific objectives: \\n Disarm combatants belonging to the armed groups and forces that will not be integrated into the DRC armed forces or in the police, as foreseen in the DRC peace accords; \\n Demobilize the military elements and armed groups not eligible for integration into the DRC armed forces; \\n Reintegrate demobilized elements into social and economic life within the framework of community productive systems.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":495, "Sentence":"While generic (general) objectives exist, they should be adapted to the realities and needs of each context.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design generic general objective exist adapted reality need context ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.2. DDR programme objectives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Because the DDR programme document should contain strategies and requirements for a complex and multi\u00adcomponent process, it should be guided by both an overall goal and a series of smaller objectives that clearly define expected outputs in each subsector. While generic (general) objectives exist, they should be adapted to the realities and needs of each context. The set of general and specific objectives outlined in this section make up the overall framework for the DDR programme.Example: Objectives of the national DDR programme in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) \\n General objective: Contribute to the consolidation of peace, national reconciliation and the socio\u00adeconomic reconstruction of the country, as well as regional stability.Specific objectives: \\n Disarm combatants belonging to the armed groups and forces that will not be integrated into the DRC armed forces or in the police, as foreseen in the DRC peace accords; \\n Demobilize the military elements and armed groups not eligible for integration into the DRC armed forces; \\n Reintegrate demobilized elements into social and economic life within the framework of community productive systems.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":495, "Sentence":"The set of general and specific objectives outlined in this section make up the overall framework for the DDR programme.Example: Objectives of the national DDR programme in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) \\n General objective: Contribute to the consolidation of peace, national reconciliation and the socio\u00adeconomic reconstruction of the country, as well as regional stability.Specific objectives: \\n Disarm combatants belonging to the armed groups and forces that will not be integrated into the DRC armed forces or in the police, as foreseen in the DRC peace accords; \\n Demobilize the military elements and armed groups not eligible for integration into the DRC armed forces; \\n Reintegrate demobilized elements into social and economic life within the framework of community productive systems.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design set general specific objective outlined section make overall framework ddr programme.example objective national ddr programme democratic republic congo drc n general objective contribute consolidation peace national reconciliation socio\u00adeconomic reconstruction country well regional stability.specific objective n disarm combatant belonging armed group force integrated drc armed force police foreseen drc peace accord n demobilize military element armed group eligible integration drc armed force n reintegrate demobilized element social economic life within framework community productive system ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.3. Guiding principles", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The guiding principles specify those factors, considerations and assumptions that are con\u00ad sidered important for a DDR programme\u2019s overall viability, effectiveness and sustainability. These guiding principles must be taken into account when developing the strategic approach and activities. Universal (general) principles (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR) can be included, but principles that are specific to the operating context and associated requirements should receive priority. Principles can apply to the entire DDR programme, and need not be limited to operational or thematic issues alone; thus they can include political principles (how DDR relates to political processes), institutional principles (how DDR should be structured insti\u00ad tutionally) and operational principles (overall strategy, implementation approach, etc.).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":496, "Sentence":"The guiding principles specify those factors, considerations and assumptions that are con\u00ad sidered important for a DDR programme\u2019s overall viability, effectiveness and sustainability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design guiding principle specify factor consideration assumption con\u00ad sidered important ddr programme \u2019 overall viability effectiveness sustainability ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.3. Guiding principles", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The guiding principles specify those factors, considerations and assumptions that are con\u00ad sidered important for a DDR programme\u2019s overall viability, effectiveness and sustainability. These guiding principles must be taken into account when developing the strategic approach and activities. Universal (general) principles (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR) can be included, but principles that are specific to the operating context and associated requirements should receive priority. Principles can apply to the entire DDR programme, and need not be limited to operational or thematic issues alone; thus they can include political principles (how DDR relates to political processes), institutional principles (how DDR should be structured insti\u00ad tutionally) and operational principles (overall strategy, implementation approach, etc.).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":496, "Sentence":"These guiding principles must be taken into account when developing the strategic approach and activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design guiding principle must taken account developing strategic approach activity ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.3. Guiding principles", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The guiding principles specify those factors, considerations and assumptions that are con\u00ad sidered important for a DDR programme\u2019s overall viability, effectiveness and sustainability. These guiding principles must be taken into account when developing the strategic approach and activities. Universal (general) principles (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR) can be included, but principles that are specific to the operating context and associated requirements should receive priority. Principles can apply to the entire DDR programme, and need not be limited to operational or thematic issues alone; thus they can include political principles (how DDR relates to political processes), institutional principles (how DDR should be structured insti\u00ad tutionally) and operational principles (overall strategy, implementation approach, etc.).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":496, "Sentence":"Universal (general) principles (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR) can be included, but principles that are specific to the operating context and associated requirements should receive priority.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design universal general principle see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr included principle specific operating context associated requirement receive priority ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.3. Guiding principles", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The guiding principles specify those factors, considerations and assumptions that are con\u00ad sidered important for a DDR programme\u2019s overall viability, effectiveness and sustainability. These guiding principles must be taken into account when developing the strategic approach and activities. Universal (general) principles (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR) can be included, but principles that are specific to the operating context and associated requirements should receive priority. Principles can apply to the entire DDR programme, and need not be limited to operational or thematic issues alone; thus they can include political principles (how DDR relates to political processes), institutional principles (how DDR should be structured insti\u00ad tutionally) and operational principles (overall strategy, implementation approach, etc.).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":496, "Sentence":"Principles can apply to the entire DDR programme, and need not be limited to operational or thematic issues alone; thus they can include political principles (how DDR relates to political processes), institutional principles (how DDR should be structured insti\u00ad tutionally) and operational principles (overall strategy, implementation approach, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design principle apply entire ddr programme need limited operational thematic issue alone thus include political principle ddr relates political process institutional principle ddr structured insti\u00ad tutionally operational principle overall strategy implementation approach etc ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.3. Guiding principles", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The guiding principles specify those factors, considerations and assumptions that are con\u00ad sidered important for a DDR programme\u2019s overall viability, effectiveness and sustainability. These guiding principles must be taken into account when developing the strategic approach and activities. Universal (general) principles (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR) can be included, but principles that are specific to the operating context and associated requirements should receive priority. Principles can apply to the entire DDR programme, and need not be limited to operational or thematic issues alone; thus they can include political principles (how DDR relates to political processes), institutional principles (how DDR should be structured insti\u00ad tutionally) and operational principles (overall strategy, implementation approach, etc.).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":496, "Sentence":").", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.4. Preconditions and foundations for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"This section defines the issues that must be dealt with or included in the design of the DDR programme in order to ensure its effectiveness and viability. These include preconditions (i.e., those factors that must be dealt with or be in place before DDR implementation starts), as well as foundations (i.e., those aspects or factors that must provide the basis for planning and implementing DDR). In general, preconditions and foundations can be divided into those that are vital for the overall viability of DDR and those that can influence the overall efficiency, effectiveness and relevance of the process (but which are not vital in determining whether DDR is possible or not).Example: Preconditions and foundations for DDR in Liberia \\n A government\u00addriven process of post\u00adconflict reconciliation is developed and imple\u00ad mented in order to shape and define the framework for post\u00adconflict rehabilitation and reintegration measures; \\n A National Transitional Government is established to run the affairs of the country up until 2006, when a democratically elected government will take office; \\n Comprehensive measures to stem and control the influx and possible recycling of weapons by all armed forces and groups and their regional network of contacts are put in place; \\n The process of disbandment of armed groups and restructuring of the Liberian security forces is organized and begun; \\n A comprehensive national recovery programme and a programme for community reconstruction, rehabilitation and reintegration are simultaneously developed and implemented by the government, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and other UN agencies as a strategy of pre\u00adpositioning and providing assistance to all war\u00adaffected communities, refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). This programme will provide the essential drive and broader framework for the post\u00adwar recovery effort; \\n Other complementary political provisions in the peace agreement are initiated and implemented in support of the overall peace process; \\n A complementary community arms collection programme, supported with legislative process outlawing the possession of arms in Liberia, would be started and enforced following the completion of formal disarmament process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":497, "Sentence":"This section defines the issues that must be dealt with or included in the design of the DDR programme in order to ensure its effectiveness and viability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design section defines issue must dealt included design ddr programme order ensure effectiveness viability ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.4. Preconditions and foundations for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"This section defines the issues that must be dealt with or included in the design of the DDR programme in order to ensure its effectiveness and viability. These include preconditions (i.e., those factors that must be dealt with or be in place before DDR implementation starts), as well as foundations (i.e., those aspects or factors that must provide the basis for planning and implementing DDR). In general, preconditions and foundations can be divided into those that are vital for the overall viability of DDR and those that can influence the overall efficiency, effectiveness and relevance of the process (but which are not vital in determining whether DDR is possible or not).Example: Preconditions and foundations for DDR in Liberia \\n A government\u00addriven process of post\u00adconflict reconciliation is developed and imple\u00ad mented in order to shape and define the framework for post\u00adconflict rehabilitation and reintegration measures; \\n A National Transitional Government is established to run the affairs of the country up until 2006, when a democratically elected government will take office; \\n Comprehensive measures to stem and control the influx and possible recycling of weapons by all armed forces and groups and their regional network of contacts are put in place; \\n The process of disbandment of armed groups and restructuring of the Liberian security forces is organized and begun; \\n A comprehensive national recovery programme and a programme for community reconstruction, rehabilitation and reintegration are simultaneously developed and implemented by the government, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and other UN agencies as a strategy of pre\u00adpositioning and providing assistance to all war\u00adaffected communities, refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). This programme will provide the essential drive and broader framework for the post\u00adwar recovery effort; \\n Other complementary political provisions in the peace agreement are initiated and implemented in support of the overall peace process; \\n A complementary community arms collection programme, supported with legislative process outlawing the possession of arms in Liberia, would be started and enforced following the completion of formal disarmament process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":497, "Sentence":"These include preconditions (i.e., those factors that must be dealt with or be in place before DDR implementation starts), as well as foundations (i.e., those aspects or factors that must provide the basis for planning and implementing DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design include precondition i.e . factor must dealt place ddr implementation start well foundation i.e . aspect factor must provide basis planning implementing ddr ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.4. Preconditions and foundations for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"This section defines the issues that must be dealt with or included in the design of the DDR programme in order to ensure its effectiveness and viability. These include preconditions (i.e., those factors that must be dealt with or be in place before DDR implementation starts), as well as foundations (i.e., those aspects or factors that must provide the basis for planning and implementing DDR). In general, preconditions and foundations can be divided into those that are vital for the overall viability of DDR and those that can influence the overall efficiency, effectiveness and relevance of the process (but which are not vital in determining whether DDR is possible or not).Example: Preconditions and foundations for DDR in Liberia \\n A government\u00addriven process of post\u00adconflict reconciliation is developed and imple\u00ad mented in order to shape and define the framework for post\u00adconflict rehabilitation and reintegration measures; \\n A National Transitional Government is established to run the affairs of the country up until 2006, when a democratically elected government will take office; \\n Comprehensive measures to stem and control the influx and possible recycling of weapons by all armed forces and groups and their regional network of contacts are put in place; \\n The process of disbandment of armed groups and restructuring of the Liberian security forces is organized and begun; \\n A comprehensive national recovery programme and a programme for community reconstruction, rehabilitation and reintegration are simultaneously developed and implemented by the government, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and other UN agencies as a strategy of pre\u00adpositioning and providing assistance to all war\u00adaffected communities, refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). This programme will provide the essential drive and broader framework for the post\u00adwar recovery effort; \\n Other complementary political provisions in the peace agreement are initiated and implemented in support of the overall peace process; \\n A complementary community arms collection programme, supported with legislative process outlawing the possession of arms in Liberia, would be started and enforced following the completion of formal disarmament process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":497, "Sentence":"In general, preconditions and foundations can be divided into those that are vital for the overall viability of DDR and those that can influence the overall efficiency, effectiveness and relevance of the process (but which are not vital in determining whether DDR is possible or not).Example: Preconditions and foundations for DDR in Liberia \\n A government\u00addriven process of post\u00adconflict reconciliation is developed and imple\u00ad mented in order to shape and define the framework for post\u00adconflict rehabilitation and reintegration measures; \\n A National Transitional Government is established to run the affairs of the country up until 2006, when a democratically elected government will take office; \\n Comprehensive measures to stem and control the influx and possible recycling of weapons by all armed forces and groups and their regional network of contacts are put in place; \\n The process of disbandment of armed groups and restructuring of the Liberian security forces is organized and begun; \\n A comprehensive national recovery programme and a programme for community reconstruction, rehabilitation and reintegration are simultaneously developed and implemented by the government, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and other UN agencies as a strategy of pre\u00adpositioning and providing assistance to all war\u00adaffected communities, refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design general precondition foundation divided vital overall viability ddr influence overall efficiency effectiveness relevance process vital determining whether ddr possible not.example precondition foundation ddr liberia n government\u00addriven process post\u00adconflict reconciliation developed imple\u00ad mented order shape define framework post\u00adconflict rehabilitation reintegration measure n national transitional government established run affair country 2006 democratically elected government take office n comprehensive measure stem control influx possible recycling weapon armed force group regional network contact put place n process disbandment armed group restructuring liberian security force organized begun n comprehensive national recovery programme programme community reconstruction rehabilitation reintegration simultaneously developed implemented government united nation development programme undp un agency strategy pre\u00adpositioning providing assistance war\u00adaffected community refugee internally displaced person idp ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.4. Preconditions and foundations for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"This section defines the issues that must be dealt with or included in the design of the DDR programme in order to ensure its effectiveness and viability. These include preconditions (i.e., those factors that must be dealt with or be in place before DDR implementation starts), as well as foundations (i.e., those aspects or factors that must provide the basis for planning and implementing DDR). In general, preconditions and foundations can be divided into those that are vital for the overall viability of DDR and those that can influence the overall efficiency, effectiveness and relevance of the process (but which are not vital in determining whether DDR is possible or not).Example: Preconditions and foundations for DDR in Liberia \\n A government\u00addriven process of post\u00adconflict reconciliation is developed and imple\u00ad mented in order to shape and define the framework for post\u00adconflict rehabilitation and reintegration measures; \\n A National Transitional Government is established to run the affairs of the country up until 2006, when a democratically elected government will take office; \\n Comprehensive measures to stem and control the influx and possible recycling of weapons by all armed forces and groups and their regional network of contacts are put in place; \\n The process of disbandment of armed groups and restructuring of the Liberian security forces is organized and begun; \\n A comprehensive national recovery programme and a programme for community reconstruction, rehabilitation and reintegration are simultaneously developed and implemented by the government, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and other UN agencies as a strategy of pre\u00adpositioning and providing assistance to all war\u00adaffected communities, refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). This programme will provide the essential drive and broader framework for the post\u00adwar recovery effort; \\n Other complementary political provisions in the peace agreement are initiated and implemented in support of the overall peace process; \\n A complementary community arms collection programme, supported with legislative process outlawing the possession of arms in Liberia, would be started and enforced following the completion of formal disarmament process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":497, "Sentence":"This programme will provide the essential drive and broader framework for the post\u00adwar recovery effort; \\n Other complementary political provisions in the peace agreement are initiated and implemented in support of the overall peace process; \\n A complementary community arms collection programme, supported with legislative process outlawing the possession of arms in Liberia, would be started and enforced following the completion of formal disarmament process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design programme provide essential drive broader framework post\u00adwar recovery effort n complementary political provision peace agreement initiated implemented support overall peace process n complementary community arm collection programme supported legislative process outlawing possession arm liberia would started enforced following completion formal disarmament process ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"While the objectives, principles and preconditions\/foundations establish the overall design and structure of the DDR programme, a description of the overall strategic approach is essential in order to explain how DDR will be implemented. This section is essential in order to: \\n explain how the multiple components of DDR will be designed to reflect realities and needs, thus ensuring efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of the overall approach; \\n explain how the targets for assisting DDR participants and beneficiaries (number of ex\u00adcombatants assisted, etc.) will be met; \\n explain how the various components and activities of DDR will be divided into phases and sequenced (planned over time) within the programme time\u00adframe; \\n identify issues that are critical to the implementation of the overall programme and provide information on how they will be dealt with.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":498, "Sentence":"While the objectives, principles and preconditions\/foundations establish the overall design and structure of the DDR programme, a description of the overall strategic approach is essential in order to explain how DDR will be implemented.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design objective principle preconditions\/foundations establish overall design structure ddr programme description overall strategic approach essential order explain ddr implemented ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"While the objectives, principles and preconditions\/foundations establish the overall design and structure of the DDR programme, a description of the overall strategic approach is essential in order to explain how DDR will be implemented. This section is essential in order to: \\n explain how the multiple components of DDR will be designed to reflect realities and needs, thus ensuring efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of the overall approach; \\n explain how the targets for assisting DDR participants and beneficiaries (number of ex\u00adcombatants assisted, etc.) will be met; \\n explain how the various components and activities of DDR will be divided into phases and sequenced (planned over time) within the programme time\u00adframe; \\n identify issues that are critical to the implementation of the overall programme and provide information on how they will be dealt with.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":498, "Sentence":"This section is essential in order to: \\n explain how the multiple components of DDR will be designed to reflect realities and needs, thus ensuring efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of the overall approach; \\n explain how the targets for assisting DDR participants and beneficiaries (number of ex\u00adcombatants assisted, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design section essential order n explain multiple component ddr designed reflect reality need thus ensuring efficiency effectiveness sustainability overall approach n explain target assisting ddr participant beneficiary number ex\u00adcombatants assisted etc ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"While the objectives, principles and preconditions\/foundations establish the overall design and structure of the DDR programme, a description of the overall strategic approach is essential in order to explain how DDR will be implemented. This section is essential in order to: \\n explain how the multiple components of DDR will be designed to reflect realities and needs, thus ensuring efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of the overall approach; \\n explain how the targets for assisting DDR participants and beneficiaries (number of ex\u00adcombatants assisted, etc.) will be met; \\n explain how the various components and activities of DDR will be divided into phases and sequenced (planned over time) within the programme time\u00adframe; \\n identify issues that are critical to the implementation of the overall programme and provide information on how they will be dealt with.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":498, "Sentence":"will be met; \\n explain how the various components and activities of DDR will be divided into phases and sequenced (planned over time) within the programme time\u00adframe; \\n identify issues that are critical to the implementation of the overall programme and provide information on how they will be dealt with.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design met n explain various component activity ddr divided phase sequenced planned time within programme time\u00adframe n identify issue critical implementation overall programme provide information dealt ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Defining the approach to DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The core components of DDR (demobilization, disarmament and reintegration) can vary significantly in terms of how they are designed, the activities they involve and how they are implemented. In other words, although the end objective may be similar, DDR varies from country to country. Each DDR process must be adapted to the specific realities and requirements of the country or setting in which it is to be carried out. Important issues that will guide this are, for example, the nature and organization of armed forces and groups, the socio\u00adeconomic context and national capacities. These need to be defined within the overall strategic approach explaining how DDR is to be put into practice, and how its components will be sequenced and implemented (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":499, "Sentence":"The core components of DDR (demobilization, disarmament and reintegration) can vary significantly in terms of how they are designed, the activities they involve and how they are implemented.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design core component ddr demobilization disarmament reintegration vary significantly term designed activity involve implemented ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Defining the approach to DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The core components of DDR (demobilization, disarmament and reintegration) can vary significantly in terms of how they are designed, the activities they involve and how they are implemented. In other words, although the end objective may be similar, DDR varies from country to country. Each DDR process must be adapted to the specific realities and requirements of the country or setting in which it is to be carried out. Important issues that will guide this are, for example, the nature and organization of armed forces and groups, the socio\u00adeconomic context and national capacities. These need to be defined within the overall strategic approach explaining how DDR is to be put into practice, and how its components will be sequenced and implemented (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":499, "Sentence":"In other words, although the end objective may be similar, DDR varies from country to country.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design word although end objective may similar ddr varies country country ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Defining the approach to DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The core components of DDR (demobilization, disarmament and reintegration) can vary significantly in terms of how they are designed, the activities they involve and how they are implemented. In other words, although the end objective may be similar, DDR varies from country to country. Each DDR process must be adapted to the specific realities and requirements of the country or setting in which it is to be carried out. Important issues that will guide this are, for example, the nature and organization of armed forces and groups, the socio\u00adeconomic context and national capacities. These need to be defined within the overall strategic approach explaining how DDR is to be put into practice, and how its components will be sequenced and implemented (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":499, "Sentence":"Each DDR process must be adapted to the specific realities and requirements of the country or setting in which it is to be carried out.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design ddr process must adapted specific reality requirement country setting carried ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Defining the approach to DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The core components of DDR (demobilization, disarmament and reintegration) can vary significantly in terms of how they are designed, the activities they involve and how they are implemented. In other words, although the end objective may be similar, DDR varies from country to country. Each DDR process must be adapted to the specific realities and requirements of the country or setting in which it is to be carried out. Important issues that will guide this are, for example, the nature and organization of armed forces and groups, the socio\u00adeconomic context and national capacities. These need to be defined within the overall strategic approach explaining how DDR is to be put into practice, and how its components will be sequenced and implemented (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":499, "Sentence":"Important issues that will guide this are, for example, the nature and organization of armed forces and groups, the socio\u00adeconomic context and national capacities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design important issue guide example nature organization armed force group socio\u00adeconomic context national capacity ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Defining the approach to DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The core components of DDR (demobilization, disarmament and reintegration) can vary significantly in terms of how they are designed, the activities they involve and how they are implemented. In other words, although the end objective may be similar, DDR varies from country to country. Each DDR process must be adapted to the specific realities and requirements of the country or setting in which it is to be carried out. Important issues that will guide this are, for example, the nature and organization of armed forces and groups, the socio\u00adeconomic context and national capacities. These need to be defined within the overall strategic approach explaining how DDR is to be put into practice, and how its components will be sequenced and implemented (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":499, "Sentence":"These need to be defined within the overall strategic approach explaining how DDR is to be put into practice, and how its components will be sequenced and implemented (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design need defined within overall strategic approach explaining ddr put practice component sequenced implemented also see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Defining the approach to DDR", "Heading4":"6.5.1.1. Putting DDR into operation", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The specific context in which a DDR programme is to be implemented, the programme requirements and the best way to reach the defined objectives will all affect the way in which a DDR operation is conceptualized. When developing a DDR concept, there is a need to: describe the overall strategic approach; justify why this approach was chosen; describe the activities that the programme will carry out; and lay out the broad operational methods or guidelines for implementing them. In general, there are three strategic approaches that can be taken (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization): \\n DDR of conventional armed forces, involving the structured and centralized disarma\u00ad ment and demobilization of formed units in assembly or cantonment areas. This is often linked to their restructuring as part of an SSR process; \\n DDR of armed groups, involving a decentralized demobilization process in which indi\u00ad viduals are identified, registered and processed; incentives are provided for voluntary disarmament; and reintegration assistance schemes are integrated with broader com\u00ad munity\u00adbased recovery and reconstruction projects; \\n A \u2018mixed\u2019 DDR approach, combining both of the above models, used when participant groups include both armed forces and armed groups;After a comprehensive assessment of the operational guidelines according to which DDR will be implemented, a model should be created as a basis for planning (see Annexes C and D. Annex E illustrates an approach taken to DDR in the DRC). In addition to defining how to operationalize the core components of DDR, the overall strategic approach should also describe any other components necessary for an effective and viable DDR process. For the most part, these will be activities that will take throughout the DDR programme and ensure the effectiveness of core DDR components. Some examples are: \\n awareness\u00adraising and sensitization (in order to increase local understanding of, and participation in, DDR processes); \\n capacity development for national institutions and communities (in contexts where capacities are weak or non\u00adexistent); \\n weapons control and management (in contexts involving widespread availability of weapons in society); \\n repatriation and resettlement (in contexts of massive internal and cross\u00adborder dis\u00ad placement); \\n local peace\u00adbuilding and reconciliation (in contexts of deep social\/ethnic conflict).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":500, "Sentence":"The specific context in which a DDR programme is to be implemented, the programme requirements and the best way to reach the defined objectives will all affect the way in which a DDR operation is conceptualized.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design specific context ddr programme implemented programme requirement best way reach defined objective affect way ddr operation conceptualized ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Defining the approach to DDR", "Heading4":"6.5.1.1. Putting DDR into operation", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The specific context in which a DDR programme is to be implemented, the programme requirements and the best way to reach the defined objectives will all affect the way in which a DDR operation is conceptualized. When developing a DDR concept, there is a need to: describe the overall strategic approach; justify why this approach was chosen; describe the activities that the programme will carry out; and lay out the broad operational methods or guidelines for implementing them. In general, there are three strategic approaches that can be taken (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization): \\n DDR of conventional armed forces, involving the structured and centralized disarma\u00ad ment and demobilization of formed units in assembly or cantonment areas. This is often linked to their restructuring as part of an SSR process; \\n DDR of armed groups, involving a decentralized demobilization process in which indi\u00ad viduals are identified, registered and processed; incentives are provided for voluntary disarmament; and reintegration assistance schemes are integrated with broader com\u00ad munity\u00adbased recovery and reconstruction projects; \\n A \u2018mixed\u2019 DDR approach, combining both of the above models, used when participant groups include both armed forces and armed groups;After a comprehensive assessment of the operational guidelines according to which DDR will be implemented, a model should be created as a basis for planning (see Annexes C and D. Annex E illustrates an approach taken to DDR in the DRC). In addition to defining how to operationalize the core components of DDR, the overall strategic approach should also describe any other components necessary for an effective and viable DDR process. For the most part, these will be activities that will take throughout the DDR programme and ensure the effectiveness of core DDR components. Some examples are: \\n awareness\u00adraising and sensitization (in order to increase local understanding of, and participation in, DDR processes); \\n capacity development for national institutions and communities (in contexts where capacities are weak or non\u00adexistent); \\n weapons control and management (in contexts involving widespread availability of weapons in society); \\n repatriation and resettlement (in contexts of massive internal and cross\u00adborder dis\u00ad placement); \\n local peace\u00adbuilding and reconciliation (in contexts of deep social\/ethnic conflict).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":500, "Sentence":"When developing a DDR concept, there is a need to: describe the overall strategic approach; justify why this approach was chosen; describe the activities that the programme will carry out; and lay out the broad operational methods or guidelines for implementing them.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design developing ddr concept need describe overall strategic approach justify approach chosen describe activity programme carry lay broad operational method guideline implementing ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Defining the approach to DDR", "Heading4":"6.5.1.1. Putting DDR into operation", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The specific context in which a DDR programme is to be implemented, the programme requirements and the best way to reach the defined objectives will all affect the way in which a DDR operation is conceptualized. When developing a DDR concept, there is a need to: describe the overall strategic approach; justify why this approach was chosen; describe the activities that the programme will carry out; and lay out the broad operational methods or guidelines for implementing them. In general, there are three strategic approaches that can be taken (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization): \\n DDR of conventional armed forces, involving the structured and centralized disarma\u00ad ment and demobilization of formed units in assembly or cantonment areas. This is often linked to their restructuring as part of an SSR process; \\n DDR of armed groups, involving a decentralized demobilization process in which indi\u00ad viduals are identified, registered and processed; incentives are provided for voluntary disarmament; and reintegration assistance schemes are integrated with broader com\u00ad munity\u00adbased recovery and reconstruction projects; \\n A \u2018mixed\u2019 DDR approach, combining both of the above models, used when participant groups include both armed forces and armed groups;After a comprehensive assessment of the operational guidelines according to which DDR will be implemented, a model should be created as a basis for planning (see Annexes C and D. Annex E illustrates an approach taken to DDR in the DRC). In addition to defining how to operationalize the core components of DDR, the overall strategic approach should also describe any other components necessary for an effective and viable DDR process. For the most part, these will be activities that will take throughout the DDR programme and ensure the effectiveness of core DDR components. Some examples are: \\n awareness\u00adraising and sensitization (in order to increase local understanding of, and participation in, DDR processes); \\n capacity development for national institutions and communities (in contexts where capacities are weak or non\u00adexistent); \\n weapons control and management (in contexts involving widespread availability of weapons in society); \\n repatriation and resettlement (in contexts of massive internal and cross\u00adborder dis\u00ad placement); \\n local peace\u00adbuilding and reconciliation (in contexts of deep social\/ethnic conflict).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":500, "Sentence":"In general, there are three strategic approaches that can be taken (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization): \\n DDR of conventional armed forces, involving the structured and centralized disarma\u00ad ment and demobilization of formed units in assembly or cantonment areas.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design general three strategic approach taken also see iddrs 4.20 demobilization n ddr conventional armed force involving structured centralized disarma\u00ad ment demobilization formed unit assembly cantonment area ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Defining the approach to DDR", "Heading4":"6.5.1.1. Putting DDR into operation", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The specific context in which a DDR programme is to be implemented, the programme requirements and the best way to reach the defined objectives will all affect the way in which a DDR operation is conceptualized. When developing a DDR concept, there is a need to: describe the overall strategic approach; justify why this approach was chosen; describe the activities that the programme will carry out; and lay out the broad operational methods or guidelines for implementing them. In general, there are three strategic approaches that can be taken (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization): \\n DDR of conventional armed forces, involving the structured and centralized disarma\u00ad ment and demobilization of formed units in assembly or cantonment areas. This is often linked to their restructuring as part of an SSR process; \\n DDR of armed groups, involving a decentralized demobilization process in which indi\u00ad viduals are identified, registered and processed; incentives are provided for voluntary disarmament; and reintegration assistance schemes are integrated with broader com\u00ad munity\u00adbased recovery and reconstruction projects; \\n A \u2018mixed\u2019 DDR approach, combining both of the above models, used when participant groups include both armed forces and armed groups;After a comprehensive assessment of the operational guidelines according to which DDR will be implemented, a model should be created as a basis for planning (see Annexes C and D. Annex E illustrates an approach taken to DDR in the DRC). In addition to defining how to operationalize the core components of DDR, the overall strategic approach should also describe any other components necessary for an effective and viable DDR process. For the most part, these will be activities that will take throughout the DDR programme and ensure the effectiveness of core DDR components. Some examples are: \\n awareness\u00adraising and sensitization (in order to increase local understanding of, and participation in, DDR processes); \\n capacity development for national institutions and communities (in contexts where capacities are weak or non\u00adexistent); \\n weapons control and management (in contexts involving widespread availability of weapons in society); \\n repatriation and resettlement (in contexts of massive internal and cross\u00adborder dis\u00ad placement); \\n local peace\u00adbuilding and reconciliation (in contexts of deep social\/ethnic conflict).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":500, "Sentence":"This is often linked to their restructuring as part of an SSR process; \\n DDR of armed groups, involving a decentralized demobilization process in which indi\u00ad viduals are identified, registered and processed; incentives are provided for voluntary disarmament; and reintegration assistance schemes are integrated with broader com\u00ad munity\u00adbased recovery and reconstruction projects; \\n A \u2018mixed\u2019 DDR approach, combining both of the above models, used when participant groups include both armed forces and armed groups;After a comprehensive assessment of the operational guidelines according to which DDR will be implemented, a model should be created as a basis for planning (see Annexes C and D. Annex E illustrates an approach taken to DDR in the DRC).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design often linked restructuring part ssr process n ddr armed group involving decentralized demobilization process indi\u00ad viduals identified registered processed incentive provided voluntary disarmament reintegration assistance scheme integrated broader com\u00ad munity\u00adbased recovery reconstruction project n \u2018 mixed \u2019 ddr approach combining model used participant group include armed force armed groupsafter comprehensive assessment operational guideline according ddr implemented model created basis planning see annex c d. annex e illustrates approach taken ddr drc ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Defining the approach to DDR", "Heading4":"6.5.1.1. Putting DDR into operation", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The specific context in which a DDR programme is to be implemented, the programme requirements and the best way to reach the defined objectives will all affect the way in which a DDR operation is conceptualized. When developing a DDR concept, there is a need to: describe the overall strategic approach; justify why this approach was chosen; describe the activities that the programme will carry out; and lay out the broad operational methods or guidelines for implementing them. In general, there are three strategic approaches that can be taken (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization): \\n DDR of conventional armed forces, involving the structured and centralized disarma\u00ad ment and demobilization of formed units in assembly or cantonment areas. This is often linked to their restructuring as part of an SSR process; \\n DDR of armed groups, involving a decentralized demobilization process in which indi\u00ad viduals are identified, registered and processed; incentives are provided for voluntary disarmament; and reintegration assistance schemes are integrated with broader com\u00ad munity\u00adbased recovery and reconstruction projects; \\n A \u2018mixed\u2019 DDR approach, combining both of the above models, used when participant groups include both armed forces and armed groups;After a comprehensive assessment of the operational guidelines according to which DDR will be implemented, a model should be created as a basis for planning (see Annexes C and D. Annex E illustrates an approach taken to DDR in the DRC). In addition to defining how to operationalize the core components of DDR, the overall strategic approach should also describe any other components necessary for an effective and viable DDR process. For the most part, these will be activities that will take throughout the DDR programme and ensure the effectiveness of core DDR components. Some examples are: \\n awareness\u00adraising and sensitization (in order to increase local understanding of, and participation in, DDR processes); \\n capacity development for national institutions and communities (in contexts where capacities are weak or non\u00adexistent); \\n weapons control and management (in contexts involving widespread availability of weapons in society); \\n repatriation and resettlement (in contexts of massive internal and cross\u00adborder dis\u00ad placement); \\n local peace\u00adbuilding and reconciliation (in contexts of deep social\/ethnic conflict).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":500, "Sentence":"In addition to defining how to operationalize the core components of DDR, the overall strategic approach should also describe any other components necessary for an effective and viable DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design addition defining operationalize core component ddr overall strategic approach also describe component necessary effective viable ddr process ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Defining the approach to DDR", "Heading4":"6.5.1.1. Putting DDR into operation", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The specific context in which a DDR programme is to be implemented, the programme requirements and the best way to reach the defined objectives will all affect the way in which a DDR operation is conceptualized. When developing a DDR concept, there is a need to: describe the overall strategic approach; justify why this approach was chosen; describe the activities that the programme will carry out; and lay out the broad operational methods or guidelines for implementing them. In general, there are three strategic approaches that can be taken (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization): \\n DDR of conventional armed forces, involving the structured and centralized disarma\u00ad ment and demobilization of formed units in assembly or cantonment areas. This is often linked to their restructuring as part of an SSR process; \\n DDR of armed groups, involving a decentralized demobilization process in which indi\u00ad viduals are identified, registered and processed; incentives are provided for voluntary disarmament; and reintegration assistance schemes are integrated with broader com\u00ad munity\u00adbased recovery and reconstruction projects; \\n A \u2018mixed\u2019 DDR approach, combining both of the above models, used when participant groups include both armed forces and armed groups;After a comprehensive assessment of the operational guidelines according to which DDR will be implemented, a model should be created as a basis for planning (see Annexes C and D. Annex E illustrates an approach taken to DDR in the DRC). In addition to defining how to operationalize the core components of DDR, the overall strategic approach should also describe any other components necessary for an effective and viable DDR process. For the most part, these will be activities that will take throughout the DDR programme and ensure the effectiveness of core DDR components. Some examples are: \\n awareness\u00adraising and sensitization (in order to increase local understanding of, and participation in, DDR processes); \\n capacity development for national institutions and communities (in contexts where capacities are weak or non\u00adexistent); \\n weapons control and management (in contexts involving widespread availability of weapons in society); \\n repatriation and resettlement (in contexts of massive internal and cross\u00adborder dis\u00ad placement); \\n local peace\u00adbuilding and reconciliation (in contexts of deep social\/ethnic conflict).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":500, "Sentence":"For the most part, these will be activities that will take throughout the DDR programme and ensure the effectiveness of core DDR components.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design part activity take throughout ddr programme ensure effectiveness core ddr component ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Defining the approach to DDR", "Heading4":"6.5.1.1. Putting DDR into operation", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The specific context in which a DDR programme is to be implemented, the programme requirements and the best way to reach the defined objectives will all affect the way in which a DDR operation is conceptualized. When developing a DDR concept, there is a need to: describe the overall strategic approach; justify why this approach was chosen; describe the activities that the programme will carry out; and lay out the broad operational methods or guidelines for implementing them. In general, there are three strategic approaches that can be taken (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization): \\n DDR of conventional armed forces, involving the structured and centralized disarma\u00ad ment and demobilization of formed units in assembly or cantonment areas. This is often linked to their restructuring as part of an SSR process; \\n DDR of armed groups, involving a decentralized demobilization process in which indi\u00ad viduals are identified, registered and processed; incentives are provided for voluntary disarmament; and reintegration assistance schemes are integrated with broader com\u00ad munity\u00adbased recovery and reconstruction projects; \\n A \u2018mixed\u2019 DDR approach, combining both of the above models, used when participant groups include both armed forces and armed groups;After a comprehensive assessment of the operational guidelines according to which DDR will be implemented, a model should be created as a basis for planning (see Annexes C and D. Annex E illustrates an approach taken to DDR in the DRC). In addition to defining how to operationalize the core components of DDR, the overall strategic approach should also describe any other components necessary for an effective and viable DDR process. For the most part, these will be activities that will take throughout the DDR programme and ensure the effectiveness of core DDR components. Some examples are: \\n awareness\u00adraising and sensitization (in order to increase local understanding of, and participation in, DDR processes); \\n capacity development for national institutions and communities (in contexts where capacities are weak or non\u00adexistent); \\n weapons control and management (in contexts involving widespread availability of weapons in society); \\n repatriation and resettlement (in contexts of massive internal and cross\u00adborder dis\u00ad placement); \\n local peace\u00adbuilding and reconciliation (in contexts of deep social\/ethnic conflict).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":500, "Sentence":"Some examples are: \\n awareness\u00adraising and sensitization (in order to increase local understanding of, and participation in, DDR processes); \\n capacity development for national institutions and communities (in contexts where capacities are weak or non\u00adexistent); \\n weapons control and management (in contexts involving widespread availability of weapons in society); \\n repatriation and resettlement (in contexts of massive internal and cross\u00adborder dis\u00ad placement); \\n local peace\u00adbuilding and reconciliation (in contexts of deep social\/ethnic conflict).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design example n awareness\u00adraising sensitization order increase local understanding participation ddr process n capacity development national institution community context capacity weak non\u00adexistent n weapon control management context involving widespread availability weapon society n repatriation resettlement context massive internal cross\u00adborder dis\u00ad placement n local peace\u00adbuilding reconciliation context deep social\/ethnic conflict ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Defining the approach to DDR", "Heading4":"6.5.1.2. Sequencing and phasing of DDR", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Once the main components of a DDR programme have been identified, an overall strategy for implementation needs to be drawn up. The overall strategy should usually be developed on the basis of operational objectives and targets broken down by time period or programme phase. This enables practitioners to see in broad terms how DDR will be implemented, plan the allocation of resources and other requirements, and coordinate among themselves.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":501, "Sentence":"Once the main components of a DDR programme have been identified, an overall strategy for implementation needs to be drawn up.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design main component ddr programme identified overall strategy implementation need drawn ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Defining the approach to DDR", "Heading4":"6.5.1.2. Sequencing and phasing of DDR", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Once the main components of a DDR programme have been identified, an overall strategy for implementation needs to be drawn up. The overall strategy should usually be developed on the basis of operational objectives and targets broken down by time period or programme phase. This enables practitioners to see in broad terms how DDR will be implemented, plan the allocation of resources and other requirements, and coordinate among themselves.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":501, "Sentence":"The overall strategy should usually be developed on the basis of operational objectives and targets broken down by time period or programme phase.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design overall strategy usually developed basis operational objective target broken time period programme phase ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Defining the approach to DDR", "Heading4":"6.5.1.2. Sequencing and phasing of DDR", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Once the main components of a DDR programme have been identified, an overall strategy for implementation needs to be drawn up. The overall strategy should usually be developed on the basis of operational objectives and targets broken down by time period or programme phase. This enables practitioners to see in broad terms how DDR will be implemented, plan the allocation of resources and other requirements, and coordinate among themselves.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":501, "Sentence":"This enables practitioners to see in broad terms how DDR will be implemented, plan the allocation of resources and other requirements, and coordinate among themselves.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design enables practitioner see broad term ddr implemented plan allocation resource requirement coordinate among ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As programme scale and scope, participants and beneficiaries, eligibility criteria, incentive schemes, and monitoring and evaluation all affect programme design, they should be con\u00ad sidered when developing a DDR strategy.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":502, "Sentence":"As programme scale and scope, participants and beneficiaries, eligibility criteria, incentive schemes, and monitoring and evaluation all affect programme design, they should be con\u00ad sidered when developing a DDR strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design programme scale scope participant beneficiary eligibility criterion incentive scheme monitoring evaluation affect programme design con\u00ad sidered developing ddr strategy ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.2.1. Scale and scope", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The scale of a DDR programme is determined by the number of beneficiaries and the geo\u00ad graphical area the programme covers (most often determined by the size of the country or region where the programme is taking place). These figures determine the complexity, size and resource requirements for the programme, and must be estimated at the programme design stage.The extent to which a DDR programme directly includes activities that formally belong to other sectors determines its scope or extent (i.e., exactly how much it is going to try and achieve). In the past, DDR programmes focused strictly on the core components of disarm\u00ad ament, demobilization and reintegration. Today, most DDR programmes include or take account of activities relating to SSR (such as weapons control and regulation), peace\u00adbuilding and reconciliation, and community recovery and reconstruction (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 2.20 on Post\u00adconflict Stabilization, Peace\u00adbuilding and Recovery Frameworks).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":503, "Sentence":"The scale of a DDR programme is determined by the number of beneficiaries and the geo\u00ad graphical area the programme covers (most often determined by the size of the country or region where the programme is taking place).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design scale ddr programme determined number beneficiary geo\u00ad graphical area programme cover often determined size country region programme taking place ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.2.1. Scale and scope", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The scale of a DDR programme is determined by the number of beneficiaries and the geo\u00ad graphical area the programme covers (most often determined by the size of the country or region where the programme is taking place). These figures determine the complexity, size and resource requirements for the programme, and must be estimated at the programme design stage.The extent to which a DDR programme directly includes activities that formally belong to other sectors determines its scope or extent (i.e., exactly how much it is going to try and achieve). In the past, DDR programmes focused strictly on the core components of disarm\u00ad ament, demobilization and reintegration. Today, most DDR programmes include or take account of activities relating to SSR (such as weapons control and regulation), peace\u00adbuilding and reconciliation, and community recovery and reconstruction (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 2.20 on Post\u00adconflict Stabilization, Peace\u00adbuilding and Recovery Frameworks).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":503, "Sentence":"These figures determine the complexity, size and resource requirements for the programme, and must be estimated at the programme design stage.The extent to which a DDR programme directly includes activities that formally belong to other sectors determines its scope or extent (i.e., exactly how much it is going to try and achieve).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design figure determine complexity size resource requirement programme must estimated programme design stage.the extent ddr programme directly includes activity formally belong sector determines scope extent i.e . exactly much going try achieve ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.2.1. Scale and scope", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The scale of a DDR programme is determined by the number of beneficiaries and the geo\u00ad graphical area the programme covers (most often determined by the size of the country or region where the programme is taking place). These figures determine the complexity, size and resource requirements for the programme, and must be estimated at the programme design stage.The extent to which a DDR programme directly includes activities that formally belong to other sectors determines its scope or extent (i.e., exactly how much it is going to try and achieve). In the past, DDR programmes focused strictly on the core components of disarm\u00ad ament, demobilization and reintegration. Today, most DDR programmes include or take account of activities relating to SSR (such as weapons control and regulation), peace\u00adbuilding and reconciliation, and community recovery and reconstruction (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 2.20 on Post\u00adconflict Stabilization, Peace\u00adbuilding and Recovery Frameworks).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":503, "Sentence":"In the past, DDR programmes focused strictly on the core components of disarm\u00ad ament, demobilization and reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design past ddr programme focused strictly core component disarm\u00ad ament demobilization reintegration ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.2.1. Scale and scope", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The scale of a DDR programme is determined by the number of beneficiaries and the geo\u00ad graphical area the programme covers (most often determined by the size of the country or region where the programme is taking place). These figures determine the complexity, size and resource requirements for the programme, and must be estimated at the programme design stage.The extent to which a DDR programme directly includes activities that formally belong to other sectors determines its scope or extent (i.e., exactly how much it is going to try and achieve). In the past, DDR programmes focused strictly on the core components of disarm\u00ad ament, demobilization and reintegration. Today, most DDR programmes include or take account of activities relating to SSR (such as weapons control and regulation), peace\u00adbuilding and reconciliation, and community recovery and reconstruction (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 2.20 on Post\u00adconflict Stabilization, Peace\u00adbuilding and Recovery Frameworks).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":503, "Sentence":"Today, most DDR programmes include or take account of activities relating to SSR (such as weapons control and regulation), peace\u00adbuilding and reconciliation, and community recovery and reconstruction (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 2.20 on Post\u00adconflict Stabilization, Peace\u00adbuilding and Recovery Frameworks).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design today ddr programme include take account activity relating ssr weapon control regulation peace\u00adbuilding reconciliation community recovery reconstruction also see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr iddrs 2.20 post\u00adconflict stabilization peace\u00adbuilding recovery framework ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.2.2. DDR participants", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The identification of DDR participants affects the size and scope of a DDR programme. DDR participants are usually prioritized according to their political status or by the actual or potential threat to security and stability that they represent. They can include regular armed forces, irregular armed groups, militias and paramilitary groups, self\u00addefence groups, members of private security companies, armed street gangs, vigilance brigades and so forth.Among the beneficiaries are communities, who stand to benefit the most from improved security; local and state governments; and State structures, which gain from an improved capacity to regulate law and order. Clearly defining DDR beneficiaries determines both the operational role and the expected impacts of programme implementation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":504, "Sentence":"The identification of DDR participants affects the size and scope of a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design identification ddr participant affect size scope ddr programme ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.2.2. DDR participants", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The identification of DDR participants affects the size and scope of a DDR programme. DDR participants are usually prioritized according to their political status or by the actual or potential threat to security and stability that they represent. They can include regular armed forces, irregular armed groups, militias and paramilitary groups, self\u00addefence groups, members of private security companies, armed street gangs, vigilance brigades and so forth.Among the beneficiaries are communities, who stand to benefit the most from improved security; local and state governments; and State structures, which gain from an improved capacity to regulate law and order. Clearly defining DDR beneficiaries determines both the operational role and the expected impacts of programme implementation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":504, "Sentence":"DDR participants are usually prioritized according to their political status or by the actual or potential threat to security and stability that they represent.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design ddr participant usually prioritized according political status actual potential threat security stability represent ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.2.2. DDR participants", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The identification of DDR participants affects the size and scope of a DDR programme. DDR participants are usually prioritized according to their political status or by the actual or potential threat to security and stability that they represent. They can include regular armed forces, irregular armed groups, militias and paramilitary groups, self\u00addefence groups, members of private security companies, armed street gangs, vigilance brigades and so forth.Among the beneficiaries are communities, who stand to benefit the most from improved security; local and state governments; and State structures, which gain from an improved capacity to regulate law and order. Clearly defining DDR beneficiaries determines both the operational role and the expected impacts of programme implementation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":504, "Sentence":"They can include regular armed forces, irregular armed groups, militias and paramilitary groups, self\u00addefence groups, members of private security companies, armed street gangs, vigilance brigades and so forth.Among the beneficiaries are communities, who stand to benefit the most from improved security; local and state governments; and State structures, which gain from an improved capacity to regulate law and order.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design include regular armed force irregular armed group militia paramilitary group self\u00addefence group member private security company armed street gang vigilance brigade forth.among beneficiary community stand benefit improved security local state government state structure gain improved capacity regulate law order ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.2.2. DDR participants", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The identification of DDR participants affects the size and scope of a DDR programme. DDR participants are usually prioritized according to their political status or by the actual or potential threat to security and stability that they represent. They can include regular armed forces, irregular armed groups, militias and paramilitary groups, self\u00addefence groups, members of private security companies, armed street gangs, vigilance brigades and so forth.Among the beneficiaries are communities, who stand to benefit the most from improved security; local and state governments; and State structures, which gain from an improved capacity to regulate law and order. Clearly defining DDR beneficiaries determines both the operational role and the expected impacts of programme implementation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":504, "Sentence":"Clearly defining DDR beneficiaries determines both the operational role and the expected impacts of programme implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design clearly defining ddr beneficiary determines operational role expected impact programme implementation ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.2.3. Operational role", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Another important factor that determines the scope of a DDR programme is the extent of national capacity and the involvement of national and non\u00adUN bodies in the implementa\u00ad tion of DDR activities. In a country with a strong national capacity to implement DDR, the UN\u2019s operational role (i.e. the extent to which it is involved in directly implementing DDR activities) should be focused more on ensuring adequate coordination than on direct imple\u00ad mentation activities. In a country with weak national implementing capacity, the UN\u2019s role in implementation should be broader and more operational.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":505, "Sentence":"Another important factor that determines the scope of a DDR programme is the extent of national capacity and the involvement of national and non\u00adUN bodies in the implementa\u00ad tion of DDR activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design another important factor determines scope ddr programme extent national capacity involvement national non\u00adun body implementa\u00ad tion ddr activity ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.2.3. Operational role", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Another important factor that determines the scope of a DDR programme is the extent of national capacity and the involvement of national and non\u00adUN bodies in the implementa\u00ad tion of DDR activities. In a country with a strong national capacity to implement DDR, the UN\u2019s operational role (i.e. the extent to which it is involved in directly implementing DDR activities) should be focused more on ensuring adequate coordination than on direct imple\u00ad mentation activities. In a country with weak national implementing capacity, the UN\u2019s role in implementation should be broader and more operational.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":505, "Sentence":"In a country with a strong national capacity to implement DDR, the UN\u2019s operational role (i.e.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design country strong national capacity implement ddr un \u2019 operational role i.e ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.2.3. Operational role", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Another important factor that determines the scope of a DDR programme is the extent of national capacity and the involvement of national and non\u00adUN bodies in the implementa\u00ad tion of DDR activities. In a country with a strong national capacity to implement DDR, the UN\u2019s operational role (i.e. the extent to which it is involved in directly implementing DDR activities) should be focused more on ensuring adequate coordination than on direct imple\u00ad mentation activities. In a country with weak national implementing capacity, the UN\u2019s role in implementation should be broader and more operational.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":505, "Sentence":"the extent to which it is involved in directly implementing DDR activities) should be focused more on ensuring adequate coordination than on direct imple\u00ad mentation activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design extent involved directly implementing ddr activity focused ensuring adequate coordination direct imple\u00ad mentation activity ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.2.3. Operational role", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Another important factor that determines the scope of a DDR programme is the extent of national capacity and the involvement of national and non\u00adUN bodies in the implementa\u00ad tion of DDR activities. In a country with a strong national capacity to implement DDR, the UN\u2019s operational role (i.e. the extent to which it is involved in directly implementing DDR activities) should be focused more on ensuring adequate coordination than on direct imple\u00ad mentation activities. In a country with weak national implementing capacity, the UN\u2019s role in implementation should be broader and more operational.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":505, "Sentence":"In a country with weak national implementing capacity, the UN\u2019s role in implementation should be broader and more operational.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design country weak national implementing capacity un \u2019 role implementation broader operational ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.3.4. Eligibility criteria", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Eligibility criteria provide a mechanism for determining who should enter a DDR pro\u00ad gramme and receive reintegration assistance. This often involves proving combatant status or membership of an armed force or group. It is easier to establish the eligibility of par\u00ad ticipants to a DDR programme when this involves organized, legal armed forces with members who have an employment contract. When armed groups are involved, however, there will be difficulties in proving combatant status, which increases the risk of admitting non\u00adcombatants and increasing the number of people who take part in a DDR programme. In such cases, it is important to have strict and well\u00addefined eligibility criteria, which can help to eliminate the risk of non\u00adcombatants gaining access to the programme (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":506, "Sentence":"Eligibility criteria provide a mechanism for determining who should enter a DDR pro\u00ad gramme and receive reintegration assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design eligibility criterion provide mechanism determining enter ddr pro\u00ad gramme receive reintegration assistance ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.3.4. Eligibility criteria", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Eligibility criteria provide a mechanism for determining who should enter a DDR pro\u00ad gramme and receive reintegration assistance. This often involves proving combatant status or membership of an armed force or group. It is easier to establish the eligibility of par\u00ad ticipants to a DDR programme when this involves organized, legal armed forces with members who have an employment contract. When armed groups are involved, however, there will be difficulties in proving combatant status, which increases the risk of admitting non\u00adcombatants and increasing the number of people who take part in a DDR programme. In such cases, it is important to have strict and well\u00addefined eligibility criteria, which can help to eliminate the risk of non\u00adcombatants gaining access to the programme (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":506, "Sentence":"This often involves proving combatant status or membership of an armed force or group.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design often involves proving combatant status membership armed force group ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.3.4. Eligibility criteria", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Eligibility criteria provide a mechanism for determining who should enter a DDR pro\u00ad gramme and receive reintegration assistance. This often involves proving combatant status or membership of an armed force or group. It is easier to establish the eligibility of par\u00ad ticipants to a DDR programme when this involves organized, legal armed forces with members who have an employment contract. When armed groups are involved, however, there will be difficulties in proving combatant status, which increases the risk of admitting non\u00adcombatants and increasing the number of people who take part in a DDR programme. In such cases, it is important to have strict and well\u00addefined eligibility criteria, which can help to eliminate the risk of non\u00adcombatants gaining access to the programme (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":506, "Sentence":"It is easier to establish the eligibility of par\u00ad ticipants to a DDR programme when this involves organized, legal armed forces with members who have an employment contract.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design easier establish eligibility par\u00ad ticipants ddr programme involves organized legal armed force member employment contract ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.3.4. Eligibility criteria", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Eligibility criteria provide a mechanism for determining who should enter a DDR pro\u00ad gramme and receive reintegration assistance. This often involves proving combatant status or membership of an armed force or group. It is easier to establish the eligibility of par\u00ad ticipants to a DDR programme when this involves organized, legal armed forces with members who have an employment contract. When armed groups are involved, however, there will be difficulties in proving combatant status, which increases the risk of admitting non\u00adcombatants and increasing the number of people who take part in a DDR programme. In such cases, it is important to have strict and well\u00addefined eligibility criteria, which can help to eliminate the risk of non\u00adcombatants gaining access to the programme (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":506, "Sentence":"When armed groups are involved, however, there will be difficulties in proving combatant status, which increases the risk of admitting non\u00adcombatants and increasing the number of people who take part in a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design armed group involved however difficulty proving combatant status increase risk admitting non\u00adcombatants increasing number people take part ddr programme ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.3.4. Eligibility criteria", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Eligibility criteria provide a mechanism for determining who should enter a DDR pro\u00ad gramme and receive reintegration assistance. This often involves proving combatant status or membership of an armed force or group. It is easier to establish the eligibility of par\u00ad ticipants to a DDR programme when this involves organized, legal armed forces with members who have an employment contract. When armed groups are involved, however, there will be difficulties in proving combatant status, which increases the risk of admitting non\u00adcombatants and increasing the number of people who take part in a DDR programme. In such cases, it is important to have strict and well\u00addefined eligibility criteria, which can help to eliminate the risk of non\u00adcombatants gaining access to the programme (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":506, "Sentence":"In such cases, it is important to have strict and well\u00addefined eligibility criteria, which can help to eliminate the risk of non\u00adcombatants gaining access to the programme (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design case important strict well\u00addefined eligibility criterion help eliminate risk non\u00adcombatants gaining access programme also see iddrs 4.20 demobilization ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.3.5. Incentive schemes", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"When targeting armed groups in a DDR programme, their often\u00adweak command and con\u00ad trol structures should be taken into account, and it should not be assumed that combatants will obey their commanders\u2019 orders to enter DDR programmes. Moreover, there may also be risks or stigma attached to obeying such orders (i.e., fear of reprisals), which discour\u00ad ages people from taking part in the programme. In such cases, incentive schemes, e.g., the offering of individual or collective benefits, may be used to overcome the combatants\u2019 concerns and encourage participation. It is important also to note that awareness\u00adraising and public information on the DDR pro\u00adgramme can also help towards overcoming combatants\u2019 concerns about entering a DDR programme.Incentives may be directly linked to the disarmament, demobilization or reintegration components of DDR, although care should be taken to avoid the perception of \u2018cash for weapons\u2019 or weapons buy\u00adback programmes when these are linked to the disarmament component. If used, incentives should be taken into consideration in the design of the overall programme strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":507, "Sentence":"When targeting armed groups in a DDR programme, their often\u00adweak command and con\u00ad trol structures should be taken into account, and it should not be assumed that combatants will obey their commanders\u2019 orders to enter DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design targeting armed group ddr programme often\u00adweak command con\u00ad trol structure taken account assumed combatant obey commander \u2019 order enter ddr programme ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.3.5. Incentive schemes", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"When targeting armed groups in a DDR programme, their often\u00adweak command and con\u00ad trol structures should be taken into account, and it should not be assumed that combatants will obey their commanders\u2019 orders to enter DDR programmes. Moreover, there may also be risks or stigma attached to obeying such orders (i.e., fear of reprisals), which discour\u00ad ages people from taking part in the programme. In such cases, incentive schemes, e.g., the offering of individual or collective benefits, may be used to overcome the combatants\u2019 concerns and encourage participation. It is important also to note that awareness\u00adraising and public information on the DDR pro\u00adgramme can also help towards overcoming combatants\u2019 concerns about entering a DDR programme.Incentives may be directly linked to the disarmament, demobilization or reintegration components of DDR, although care should be taken to avoid the perception of \u2018cash for weapons\u2019 or weapons buy\u00adback programmes when these are linked to the disarmament component. If used, incentives should be taken into consideration in the design of the overall programme strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":507, "Sentence":"Moreover, there may also be risks or stigma attached to obeying such orders (i.e., fear of reprisals), which discour\u00ad ages people from taking part in the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design moreover may also risk stigma attached obeying order i.e . fear reprisal discour\u00ad age people taking part programme ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.3.5. Incentive schemes", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"When targeting armed groups in a DDR programme, their often\u00adweak command and con\u00ad trol structures should be taken into account, and it should not be assumed that combatants will obey their commanders\u2019 orders to enter DDR programmes. Moreover, there may also be risks or stigma attached to obeying such orders (i.e., fear of reprisals), which discour\u00ad ages people from taking part in the programme. In such cases, incentive schemes, e.g., the offering of individual or collective benefits, may be used to overcome the combatants\u2019 concerns and encourage participation. It is important also to note that awareness\u00adraising and public information on the DDR pro\u00adgramme can also help towards overcoming combatants\u2019 concerns about entering a DDR programme.Incentives may be directly linked to the disarmament, demobilization or reintegration components of DDR, although care should be taken to avoid the perception of \u2018cash for weapons\u2019 or weapons buy\u00adback programmes when these are linked to the disarmament component. If used, incentives should be taken into consideration in the design of the overall programme strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":507, "Sentence":"In such cases, incentive schemes, e.g., the offering of individual or collective benefits, may be used to overcome the combatants\u2019 concerns and encourage participation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design case incentive scheme e.g . offering individual collective benefit may used overcome combatant \u2019 concern encourage participation ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.3.5. Incentive schemes", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"When targeting armed groups in a DDR programme, their often\u00adweak command and con\u00ad trol structures should be taken into account, and it should not be assumed that combatants will obey their commanders\u2019 orders to enter DDR programmes. Moreover, there may also be risks or stigma attached to obeying such orders (i.e., fear of reprisals), which discour\u00ad ages people from taking part in the programme. In such cases, incentive schemes, e.g., the offering of individual or collective benefits, may be used to overcome the combatants\u2019 concerns and encourage participation. It is important also to note that awareness\u00adraising and public information on the DDR pro\u00adgramme can also help towards overcoming combatants\u2019 concerns about entering a DDR programme.Incentives may be directly linked to the disarmament, demobilization or reintegration components of DDR, although care should be taken to avoid the perception of \u2018cash for weapons\u2019 or weapons buy\u00adback programmes when these are linked to the disarmament component. If used, incentives should be taken into consideration in the design of the overall programme strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":507, "Sentence":"It is important also to note that awareness\u00adraising and public information on the DDR pro\u00adgramme can also help towards overcoming combatants\u2019 concerns about entering a DDR programme.Incentives may be directly linked to the disarmament, demobilization or reintegration components of DDR, although care should be taken to avoid the perception of \u2018cash for weapons\u2019 or weapons buy\u00adback programmes when these are linked to the disarmament component.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design important also note awareness\u00adraising public information ddr pro\u00adgramme also help towards overcoming combatant \u2019 concern entering ddr programme.incentives may directly linked disarmament demobilization reintegration component ddr although care taken avoid perception \u2018 cash weapon \u2019 weapon buy\u00adback programme linked disarmament component ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.3.5. Incentive schemes", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"When targeting armed groups in a DDR programme, their often\u00adweak command and con\u00ad trol structures should be taken into account, and it should not be assumed that combatants will obey their commanders\u2019 orders to enter DDR programmes. Moreover, there may also be risks or stigma attached to obeying such orders (i.e., fear of reprisals), which discour\u00ad ages people from taking part in the programme. In such cases, incentive schemes, e.g., the offering of individual or collective benefits, may be used to overcome the combatants\u2019 concerns and encourage participation. It is important also to note that awareness\u00adraising and public information on the DDR pro\u00adgramme can also help towards overcoming combatants\u2019 concerns about entering a DDR programme.Incentives may be directly linked to the disarmament, demobilization or reintegration components of DDR, although care should be taken to avoid the perception of \u2018cash for weapons\u2019 or weapons buy\u00adback programmes when these are linked to the disarmament component. If used, incentives should be taken into consideration in the design of the overall programme strategy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":507, "Sentence":"If used, incentives should be taken into consideration in the design of the overall programme strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design used incentive taken consideration design overall programme strategy ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.3.6. Monitoring and evaluation", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The development of baseline data is vital to measuring the overall effectiveness and impact of a DDR programme. Baseline data and indicators are only useful, however, if their collec\u00ad tion, distribution, analysis and use are systematically managed. DDR programmes should have a good monitoring and information system that is integrated with the entire DDR programme, allowing for information collected in one component to be available in another, and for easy cross\u00adreferencing of information. The early establishment of an information management strategy as part of the overall programme design will ensure that an appro\u00ad priate monitoring and evaluation system can be developed once the programme is finalized (also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":508, "Sentence":"The development of baseline data is vital to measuring the overall effectiveness and impact of a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design development baseline data vital measuring overall effectiveness impact ddr programme ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.3.6. Monitoring and evaluation", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The development of baseline data is vital to measuring the overall effectiveness and impact of a DDR programme. Baseline data and indicators are only useful, however, if their collec\u00ad tion, distribution, analysis and use are systematically managed. DDR programmes should have a good monitoring and information system that is integrated with the entire DDR programme, allowing for information collected in one component to be available in another, and for easy cross\u00adreferencing of information. The early establishment of an information management strategy as part of the overall programme design will ensure that an appro\u00ad priate monitoring and evaluation system can be developed once the programme is finalized (also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":508, "Sentence":"Baseline data and indicators are only useful, however, if their collec\u00ad tion, distribution, analysis and use are systematically managed.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design baseline data indicator useful however collec\u00ad tion distribution analysis use systematically managed ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.3.6. Monitoring and evaluation", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The development of baseline data is vital to measuring the overall effectiveness and impact of a DDR programme. Baseline data and indicators are only useful, however, if their collec\u00ad tion, distribution, analysis and use are systematically managed. DDR programmes should have a good monitoring and information system that is integrated with the entire DDR programme, allowing for information collected in one component to be available in another, and for easy cross\u00adreferencing of information. The early establishment of an information management strategy as part of the overall programme design will ensure that an appro\u00ad priate monitoring and evaluation system can be developed once the programme is finalized (also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":508, "Sentence":"DDR programmes should have a good monitoring and information system that is integrated with the entire DDR programme, allowing for information collected in one component to be available in another, and for easy cross\u00adreferencing of information.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design ddr programme good monitoring information system integrated entire ddr programme allowing information collected one component available another easy cross\u00adreferencing information ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.5. Overall strategic approach to DDR", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Strategic elements of a DDR programme", "Heading4":"6.5.3.6. Monitoring and evaluation", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The development of baseline data is vital to measuring the overall effectiveness and impact of a DDR programme. Baseline data and indicators are only useful, however, if their collec\u00ad tion, distribution, analysis and use are systematically managed. DDR programmes should have a good monitoring and information system that is integrated with the entire DDR programme, allowing for information collected in one component to be available in another, and for easy cross\u00adreferencing of information. The early establishment of an information management strategy as part of the overall programme design will ensure that an appro\u00ad priate monitoring and evaluation system can be developed once the programme is finalized (also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":508, "Sentence":"The early establishment of an information management strategy as part of the overall programme design will ensure that an appro\u00ad priate monitoring and evaluation system can be developed once the programme is finalized (also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design early establishment information management strategy part overall programme design ensure appro\u00ad priate monitoring evaluation system developed programme finalized also see iddrs 3.50 monitoring evaluation ddr programme ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.6. DDR strategies", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Once the strategic approach for the DDR programme has been designed, detailed imple\u00ad mentation strategies should be developed for each programme component. These may be annexed to the original programme document or developed as separate documents. Each strategy should include the following: \\n the objective of the component; \\n the strategic approach and methods adopted for its implementation; \\n an explanation of how key issues and considerations will be dealt with; \\n an overview of the implementation process and key activities necessary to achieve the objective.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":509, "Sentence":"Once the strategic approach for the DDR programme has been designed, detailed imple\u00ad mentation strategies should be developed for each programme component.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design strategic approach ddr programme designed detailed imple\u00ad mentation strategy developed programme component ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.6. DDR strategies", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Once the strategic approach for the DDR programme has been designed, detailed imple\u00ad mentation strategies should be developed for each programme component. These may be annexed to the original programme document or developed as separate documents. Each strategy should include the following: \\n the objective of the component; \\n the strategic approach and methods adopted for its implementation; \\n an explanation of how key issues and considerations will be dealt with; \\n an overview of the implementation process and key activities necessary to achieve the objective.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":509, "Sentence":"These may be annexed to the original programme document or developed as separate documents.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design may annexed original programme document developed separate document ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.6. DDR strategies", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Once the strategic approach for the DDR programme has been designed, detailed imple\u00ad mentation strategies should be developed for each programme component. These may be annexed to the original programme document or developed as separate documents. Each strategy should include the following: \\n the objective of the component; \\n the strategic approach and methods adopted for its implementation; \\n an explanation of how key issues and considerations will be dealt with; \\n an overview of the implementation process and key activities necessary to achieve the objective.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":509, "Sentence":"Each strategy should include the following: \\n the objective of the component; \\n the strategic approach and methods adopted for its implementation; \\n an explanation of how key issues and considerations will be dealt with; \\n an overview of the implementation process and key activities necessary to achieve the objective.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design strategy include following n objective component n strategic approach method adopted implementation n explanation key issue consideration dealt n overview implementation process key activity necessary achieve objective ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.7. Ensuring cross-programme links with broader transition and recovery frameworks", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In most cases, the development of DDR programmes happens at the same time as the devel\u00ad opment of programmes in other sectors such as rule of law, SSR, reintegration and recovery, and peace\u00adbuilding. The DDR programmes should be linked, as far as possible, to these other processes so that each process supports and strengthens the others and helps integrate DDR into the broader framework for international assistance. DDR should be viewed as a com\u00ad ponent of a larger strategy to achieve post\u00adconflict objectives and goals. Other processes to which DDR programme could be linked include JAM\/PCNA activities, and the development of a common country assessment\/UN development assessment framework and poverty reduction strategy paper (also see IDDRS 2.20 on Post\u00adconflict Stabilization, Peace\u00adbuilding and Recovery Frameworks).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":510, "Sentence":"In most cases, the development of DDR programmes happens at the same time as the devel\u00ad opment of programmes in other sectors such as rule of law, SSR, reintegration and recovery, and peace\u00adbuilding.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design case development ddr programme happens time devel\u00ad opment programme sector rule law ssr reintegration recovery peace\u00adbuilding ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.7. Ensuring cross-programme links with broader transition and recovery frameworks", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In most cases, the development of DDR programmes happens at the same time as the devel\u00ad opment of programmes in other sectors such as rule of law, SSR, reintegration and recovery, and peace\u00adbuilding. The DDR programmes should be linked, as far as possible, to these other processes so that each process supports and strengthens the others and helps integrate DDR into the broader framework for international assistance. DDR should be viewed as a com\u00ad ponent of a larger strategy to achieve post\u00adconflict objectives and goals. Other processes to which DDR programme could be linked include JAM\/PCNA activities, and the development of a common country assessment\/UN development assessment framework and poverty reduction strategy paper (also see IDDRS 2.20 on Post\u00adconflict Stabilization, Peace\u00adbuilding and Recovery Frameworks).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":510, "Sentence":"The DDR programmes should be linked, as far as possible, to these other processes so that each process supports and strengthens the others and helps integrate DDR into the broader framework for international assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design ddr programme linked far possible process process support strengthens others help integrate ddr broader framework international assistance ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.7. Ensuring cross-programme links with broader transition and recovery frameworks", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In most cases, the development of DDR programmes happens at the same time as the devel\u00ad opment of programmes in other sectors such as rule of law, SSR, reintegration and recovery, and peace\u00adbuilding. The DDR programmes should be linked, as far as possible, to these other processes so that each process supports and strengthens the others and helps integrate DDR into the broader framework for international assistance. DDR should be viewed as a com\u00ad ponent of a larger strategy to achieve post\u00adconflict objectives and goals. Other processes to which DDR programme could be linked include JAM\/PCNA activities, and the development of a common country assessment\/UN development assessment framework and poverty reduction strategy paper (also see IDDRS 2.20 on Post\u00adconflict Stabilization, Peace\u00adbuilding and Recovery Frameworks).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":510, "Sentence":"DDR should be viewed as a com\u00ad ponent of a larger strategy to achieve post\u00adconflict objectives and goals.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design ddr viewed com\u00ad ponent larger strategy achieve post\u00adconflict objective goal ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"6. Stage II: Preparing the DDR programme document", "Heading2":"6.7. Ensuring cross-programme links with broader transition and recovery frameworks", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In most cases, the development of DDR programmes happens at the same time as the devel\u00ad opment of programmes in other sectors such as rule of law, SSR, reintegration and recovery, and peace\u00adbuilding. The DDR programmes should be linked, as far as possible, to these other processes so that each process supports and strengthens the others and helps integrate DDR into the broader framework for international assistance. DDR should be viewed as a com\u00ad ponent of a larger strategy to achieve post\u00adconflict objectives and goals. Other processes to which DDR programme could be linked include JAM\/PCNA activities, and the development of a common country assessment\/UN development assessment framework and poverty reduction strategy paper (also see IDDRS 2.20 on Post\u00adconflict Stabilization, Peace\u00adbuilding and Recovery Frameworks).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":510, "Sentence":"Other processes to which DDR programme could be linked include JAM\/PCNA activities, and the development of a common country assessment\/UN development assessment framework and poverty reduction strategy paper (also see IDDRS 2.20 on Post\u00adconflict Stabilization, Peace\u00adbuilding and Recovery Frameworks).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design process ddr programme could linked include jam\/pcna activity development common country assessment\/un development assessment framework poverty reduction strategy paper also see iddrs 2.20 post\u00adconflict stabilization peace\u00adbuilding recovery framework ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A key part of programme design is the development of a logical framework that clearly defines the hierarchy of outputs, activities and inputs necessary to achieve the objectives and outcomes that are being aimed at. In line with the shift towards results\u00adbased pro\u00ad gramming, such logical frameworks should focus on determining how to achieve the planned outcomes within the time that has been made available. This approach ensures coordination and programme implementation, and provides a framework for monitoring and evaluating performance and impact.When DDR is conducted in an integrated peacekeeping context, two complementary results\u00adbased frameworks should be used: a general results framework containing the main outputs, inputs and activities of the overall DDR programme; and a framework specifically designed for DDR activities that will be funded from mission assessed funds as part of the overall mission planning process. Naturally, the two are complementary and should con\u00ad tain common elements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":511, "Sentence":"A key part of programme design is the development of a logical framework that clearly defines the hierarchy of outputs, activities and inputs necessary to achieve the objectives and outcomes that are being aimed at.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design key part programme design development logical framework clearly defines hierarchy output activity input necessary achieve objective outcome aimed ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A key part of programme design is the development of a logical framework that clearly defines the hierarchy of outputs, activities and inputs necessary to achieve the objectives and outcomes that are being aimed at. In line with the shift towards results\u00adbased pro\u00ad gramming, such logical frameworks should focus on determining how to achieve the planned outcomes within the time that has been made available. This approach ensures coordination and programme implementation, and provides a framework for monitoring and evaluating performance and impact.When DDR is conducted in an integrated peacekeeping context, two complementary results\u00adbased frameworks should be used: a general results framework containing the main outputs, inputs and activities of the overall DDR programme; and a framework specifically designed for DDR activities that will be funded from mission assessed funds as part of the overall mission planning process. Naturally, the two are complementary and should con\u00ad tain common elements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":511, "Sentence":"In line with the shift towards results\u00adbased pro\u00ad gramming, such logical frameworks should focus on determining how to achieve the planned outcomes within the time that has been made available.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design line shift towards results\u00adbased pro\u00ad gramming logical framework focus determining achieve planned outcome within time made available ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A key part of programme design is the development of a logical framework that clearly defines the hierarchy of outputs, activities and inputs necessary to achieve the objectives and outcomes that are being aimed at. In line with the shift towards results\u00adbased pro\u00ad gramming, such logical frameworks should focus on determining how to achieve the planned outcomes within the time that has been made available. This approach ensures coordination and programme implementation, and provides a framework for monitoring and evaluating performance and impact.When DDR is conducted in an integrated peacekeeping context, two complementary results\u00adbased frameworks should be used: a general results framework containing the main outputs, inputs and activities of the overall DDR programme; and a framework specifically designed for DDR activities that will be funded from mission assessed funds as part of the overall mission planning process. Naturally, the two are complementary and should con\u00ad tain common elements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":511, "Sentence":"This approach ensures coordination and programme implementation, and provides a framework for monitoring and evaluating performance and impact.When DDR is conducted in an integrated peacekeeping context, two complementary results\u00adbased frameworks should be used: a general results framework containing the main outputs, inputs and activities of the overall DDR programme; and a framework specifically designed for DDR activities that will be funded from mission assessed funds as part of the overall mission planning process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design approach ensures coordination programme implementation provides framework monitoring evaluating performance impact.when ddr conducted integrated peacekeeping context two complementary results\u00adbased framework used general result framework containing main output input activity overall ddr programme framework specifically designed ddr activity funded mission assessed fund part overall mission planning process ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A key part of programme design is the development of a logical framework that clearly defines the hierarchy of outputs, activities and inputs necessary to achieve the objectives and outcomes that are being aimed at. In line with the shift towards results\u00adbased pro\u00ad gramming, such logical frameworks should focus on determining how to achieve the planned outcomes within the time that has been made available. This approach ensures coordination and programme implementation, and provides a framework for monitoring and evaluating performance and impact.When DDR is conducted in an integrated peacekeeping context, two complementary results\u00adbased frameworks should be used: a general results framework containing the main outputs, inputs and activities of the overall DDR programme; and a framework specifically designed for DDR activities that will be funded from mission assessed funds as part of the overall mission planning process. Naturally, the two are complementary and should con\u00ad tain common elements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":511, "Sentence":"Naturally, the two are complementary and should con\u00ad tain common elements.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design naturally two complementary con\u00ad tain common element ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.1. General results framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The general results framework for a DDR programme should consist of the following elements (but not necessarily all of them) (see also Annex F for a general results framework for DDR that was used in Liberia): \\n Specific objectives and component outcomes: For each component of a DDR programme (i.e., disarmament, demobilization, reinsertion, reintegration, etc.), the main or longer\u00ad term strategic objectives should be clearly defined, together with the outcomes the UN is supporting. These provide a strategic framework for organizing and anchoring relevant activities and outputs; \\n Baseline data: For each specific objective, the initial starting point should be briefly described. In the absence of hard quantitative baseline data, give a qualitative descrip\u00ad tion of the current situation. Defining the baseline is a critical part of monitoring and evaluating the performance and impact of programmes; \\n Indicative activities: For each objective, a list of indicative activities should be provided in order to give a sense of the range and kind of activities that need to be implemented so as to achieve the expected outputs and objectives. For the general results frame\u00ad work, these do not need to be complete or highly detailed, but they must be sufficient to provide a sense of the underlying strategy, scope and range of actions that will be implemented; \\n Intervals: Activities and priority outputs should be have precise time\u00adlines (preferably specific dates). For each of these dates, indicate the expected level of result that should be achieved. This should allow an overview of how each relevant component of the programme is expected to progress over time and what has to be achieved by what date; \\n Targets and monitoring indicators: For each activity there should be an observable target, objectively verifiable and useful as a monitoring indicator. These indicators will vary depending on the activity, and they do not always have to be quantitative. For example, \u2018reduction in perceptions of violence\u2019 is as useful as \u201815 percent of ex\u00adcombatants success\u00ad fully reintegrated\u2019; \\n Inputs: For each activity or output there should be an indication of inputs and their costs. General cost categories should be used to identify the essential requirements, which can include staff, infrastructure, equipment, operating expenses, service contracts, grants, consultancies, etc.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":512, "Sentence":"The general results framework for a DDR programme should consist of the following elements (but not necessarily all of them) (see also Annex F for a general results framework for DDR that was used in Liberia): \\n Specific objectives and component outcomes: For each component of a DDR programme (i.e., disarmament, demobilization, reinsertion, reintegration, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design general result framework ddr programme consist following element necessarily see also annex f general result framework ddr used liberia n specific objective component outcome component ddr programme i.e . disarmament demobilization reinsertion reintegration etc ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.1. General results framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The general results framework for a DDR programme should consist of the following elements (but not necessarily all of them) (see also Annex F for a general results framework for DDR that was used in Liberia): \\n Specific objectives and component outcomes: For each component of a DDR programme (i.e., disarmament, demobilization, reinsertion, reintegration, etc.), the main or longer\u00ad term strategic objectives should be clearly defined, together with the outcomes the UN is supporting. These provide a strategic framework for organizing and anchoring relevant activities and outputs; \\n Baseline data: For each specific objective, the initial starting point should be briefly described. In the absence of hard quantitative baseline data, give a qualitative descrip\u00ad tion of the current situation. Defining the baseline is a critical part of monitoring and evaluating the performance and impact of programmes; \\n Indicative activities: For each objective, a list of indicative activities should be provided in order to give a sense of the range and kind of activities that need to be implemented so as to achieve the expected outputs and objectives. For the general results frame\u00ad work, these do not need to be complete or highly detailed, but they must be sufficient to provide a sense of the underlying strategy, scope and range of actions that will be implemented; \\n Intervals: Activities and priority outputs should be have precise time\u00adlines (preferably specific dates). For each of these dates, indicate the expected level of result that should be achieved. This should allow an overview of how each relevant component of the programme is expected to progress over time and what has to be achieved by what date; \\n Targets and monitoring indicators: For each activity there should be an observable target, objectively verifiable and useful as a monitoring indicator. These indicators will vary depending on the activity, and they do not always have to be quantitative. For example, \u2018reduction in perceptions of violence\u2019 is as useful as \u201815 percent of ex\u00adcombatants success\u00ad fully reintegrated\u2019; \\n Inputs: For each activity or output there should be an indication of inputs and their costs. General cost categories should be used to identify the essential requirements, which can include staff, infrastructure, equipment, operating expenses, service contracts, grants, consultancies, etc.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":512, "Sentence":"), the main or longer\u00ad term strategic objectives should be clearly defined, together with the outcomes the UN is supporting.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design main longer\u00ad term strategic objective clearly defined together outcome un supporting ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.1. General results framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The general results framework for a DDR programme should consist of the following elements (but not necessarily all of them) (see also Annex F for a general results framework for DDR that was used in Liberia): \\n Specific objectives and component outcomes: For each component of a DDR programme (i.e., disarmament, demobilization, reinsertion, reintegration, etc.), the main or longer\u00ad term strategic objectives should be clearly defined, together with the outcomes the UN is supporting. These provide a strategic framework for organizing and anchoring relevant activities and outputs; \\n Baseline data: For each specific objective, the initial starting point should be briefly described. In the absence of hard quantitative baseline data, give a qualitative descrip\u00ad tion of the current situation. Defining the baseline is a critical part of monitoring and evaluating the performance and impact of programmes; \\n Indicative activities: For each objective, a list of indicative activities should be provided in order to give a sense of the range and kind of activities that need to be implemented so as to achieve the expected outputs and objectives. For the general results frame\u00ad work, these do not need to be complete or highly detailed, but they must be sufficient to provide a sense of the underlying strategy, scope and range of actions that will be implemented; \\n Intervals: Activities and priority outputs should be have precise time\u00adlines (preferably specific dates). For each of these dates, indicate the expected level of result that should be achieved. This should allow an overview of how each relevant component of the programme is expected to progress over time and what has to be achieved by what date; \\n Targets and monitoring indicators: For each activity there should be an observable target, objectively verifiable and useful as a monitoring indicator. These indicators will vary depending on the activity, and they do not always have to be quantitative. For example, \u2018reduction in perceptions of violence\u2019 is as useful as \u201815 percent of ex\u00adcombatants success\u00ad fully reintegrated\u2019; \\n Inputs: For each activity or output there should be an indication of inputs and their costs. General cost categories should be used to identify the essential requirements, which can include staff, infrastructure, equipment, operating expenses, service contracts, grants, consultancies, etc.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":512, "Sentence":"These provide a strategic framework for organizing and anchoring relevant activities and outputs; \\n Baseline data: For each specific objective, the initial starting point should be briefly described.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design provide strategic framework organizing anchoring relevant activity output n baseline data specific objective initial starting point briefly described ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.1. General results framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The general results framework for a DDR programme should consist of the following elements (but not necessarily all of them) (see also Annex F for a general results framework for DDR that was used in Liberia): \\n Specific objectives and component outcomes: For each component of a DDR programme (i.e., disarmament, demobilization, reinsertion, reintegration, etc.), the main or longer\u00ad term strategic objectives should be clearly defined, together with the outcomes the UN is supporting. These provide a strategic framework for organizing and anchoring relevant activities and outputs; \\n Baseline data: For each specific objective, the initial starting point should be briefly described. In the absence of hard quantitative baseline data, give a qualitative descrip\u00ad tion of the current situation. Defining the baseline is a critical part of monitoring and evaluating the performance and impact of programmes; \\n Indicative activities: For each objective, a list of indicative activities should be provided in order to give a sense of the range and kind of activities that need to be implemented so as to achieve the expected outputs and objectives. For the general results frame\u00ad work, these do not need to be complete or highly detailed, but they must be sufficient to provide a sense of the underlying strategy, scope and range of actions that will be implemented; \\n Intervals: Activities and priority outputs should be have precise time\u00adlines (preferably specific dates). For each of these dates, indicate the expected level of result that should be achieved. This should allow an overview of how each relevant component of the programme is expected to progress over time and what has to be achieved by what date; \\n Targets and monitoring indicators: For each activity there should be an observable target, objectively verifiable and useful as a monitoring indicator. These indicators will vary depending on the activity, and they do not always have to be quantitative. For example, \u2018reduction in perceptions of violence\u2019 is as useful as \u201815 percent of ex\u00adcombatants success\u00ad fully reintegrated\u2019; \\n Inputs: For each activity or output there should be an indication of inputs and their costs. General cost categories should be used to identify the essential requirements, which can include staff, infrastructure, equipment, operating expenses, service contracts, grants, consultancies, etc.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":512, "Sentence":"In the absence of hard quantitative baseline data, give a qualitative descrip\u00ad tion of the current situation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design absence hard quantitative baseline data give qualitative descrip\u00ad tion current situation ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.1. General results framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The general results framework for a DDR programme should consist of the following elements (but not necessarily all of them) (see also Annex F for a general results framework for DDR that was used in Liberia): \\n Specific objectives and component outcomes: For each component of a DDR programme (i.e., disarmament, demobilization, reinsertion, reintegration, etc.), the main or longer\u00ad term strategic objectives should be clearly defined, together with the outcomes the UN is supporting. These provide a strategic framework for organizing and anchoring relevant activities and outputs; \\n Baseline data: For each specific objective, the initial starting point should be briefly described. In the absence of hard quantitative baseline data, give a qualitative descrip\u00ad tion of the current situation. Defining the baseline is a critical part of monitoring and evaluating the performance and impact of programmes; \\n Indicative activities: For each objective, a list of indicative activities should be provided in order to give a sense of the range and kind of activities that need to be implemented so as to achieve the expected outputs and objectives. For the general results frame\u00ad work, these do not need to be complete or highly detailed, but they must be sufficient to provide a sense of the underlying strategy, scope and range of actions that will be implemented; \\n Intervals: Activities and priority outputs should be have precise time\u00adlines (preferably specific dates). For each of these dates, indicate the expected level of result that should be achieved. This should allow an overview of how each relevant component of the programme is expected to progress over time and what has to be achieved by what date; \\n Targets and monitoring indicators: For each activity there should be an observable target, objectively verifiable and useful as a monitoring indicator. These indicators will vary depending on the activity, and they do not always have to be quantitative. For example, \u2018reduction in perceptions of violence\u2019 is as useful as \u201815 percent of ex\u00adcombatants success\u00ad fully reintegrated\u2019; \\n Inputs: For each activity or output there should be an indication of inputs and their costs. General cost categories should be used to identify the essential requirements, which can include staff, infrastructure, equipment, operating expenses, service contracts, grants, consultancies, etc.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":512, "Sentence":"Defining the baseline is a critical part of monitoring and evaluating the performance and impact of programmes; \\n Indicative activities: For each objective, a list of indicative activities should be provided in order to give a sense of the range and kind of activities that need to be implemented so as to achieve the expected outputs and objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design defining baseline critical part monitoring evaluating performance impact programme n indicative activity objective list indicative activity provided order give sense range kind activity need implemented achieve expected output objective ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.1. General results framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The general results framework for a DDR programme should consist of the following elements (but not necessarily all of them) (see also Annex F for a general results framework for DDR that was used in Liberia): \\n Specific objectives and component outcomes: For each component of a DDR programme (i.e., disarmament, demobilization, reinsertion, reintegration, etc.), the main or longer\u00ad term strategic objectives should be clearly defined, together with the outcomes the UN is supporting. These provide a strategic framework for organizing and anchoring relevant activities and outputs; \\n Baseline data: For each specific objective, the initial starting point should be briefly described. In the absence of hard quantitative baseline data, give a qualitative descrip\u00ad tion of the current situation. Defining the baseline is a critical part of monitoring and evaluating the performance and impact of programmes; \\n Indicative activities: For each objective, a list of indicative activities should be provided in order to give a sense of the range and kind of activities that need to be implemented so as to achieve the expected outputs and objectives. For the general results frame\u00ad work, these do not need to be complete or highly detailed, but they must be sufficient to provide a sense of the underlying strategy, scope and range of actions that will be implemented; \\n Intervals: Activities and priority outputs should be have precise time\u00adlines (preferably specific dates). For each of these dates, indicate the expected level of result that should be achieved. This should allow an overview of how each relevant component of the programme is expected to progress over time and what has to be achieved by what date; \\n Targets and monitoring indicators: For each activity there should be an observable target, objectively verifiable and useful as a monitoring indicator. These indicators will vary depending on the activity, and they do not always have to be quantitative. For example, \u2018reduction in perceptions of violence\u2019 is as useful as \u201815 percent of ex\u00adcombatants success\u00ad fully reintegrated\u2019; \\n Inputs: For each activity or output there should be an indication of inputs and their costs. General cost categories should be used to identify the essential requirements, which can include staff, infrastructure, equipment, operating expenses, service contracts, grants, consultancies, etc.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":512, "Sentence":"For the general results frame\u00ad work, these do not need to be complete or highly detailed, but they must be sufficient to provide a sense of the underlying strategy, scope and range of actions that will be implemented; \\n Intervals: Activities and priority outputs should be have precise time\u00adlines (preferably specific dates).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design general result frame\u00ad work need complete highly detailed must sufficient provide sense underlying strategy scope range action implemented n interval activity priority output precise time\u00adlines preferably specific date ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.1. General results framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The general results framework for a DDR programme should consist of the following elements (but not necessarily all of them) (see also Annex F for a general results framework for DDR that was used in Liberia): \\n Specific objectives and component outcomes: For each component of a DDR programme (i.e., disarmament, demobilization, reinsertion, reintegration, etc.), the main or longer\u00ad term strategic objectives should be clearly defined, together with the outcomes the UN is supporting. These provide a strategic framework for organizing and anchoring relevant activities and outputs; \\n Baseline data: For each specific objective, the initial starting point should be briefly described. In the absence of hard quantitative baseline data, give a qualitative descrip\u00ad tion of the current situation. Defining the baseline is a critical part of monitoring and evaluating the performance and impact of programmes; \\n Indicative activities: For each objective, a list of indicative activities should be provided in order to give a sense of the range and kind of activities that need to be implemented so as to achieve the expected outputs and objectives. For the general results frame\u00ad work, these do not need to be complete or highly detailed, but they must be sufficient to provide a sense of the underlying strategy, scope and range of actions that will be implemented; \\n Intervals: Activities and priority outputs should be have precise time\u00adlines (preferably specific dates). For each of these dates, indicate the expected level of result that should be achieved. This should allow an overview of how each relevant component of the programme is expected to progress over time and what has to be achieved by what date; \\n Targets and monitoring indicators: For each activity there should be an observable target, objectively verifiable and useful as a monitoring indicator. These indicators will vary depending on the activity, and they do not always have to be quantitative. For example, \u2018reduction in perceptions of violence\u2019 is as useful as \u201815 percent of ex\u00adcombatants success\u00ad fully reintegrated\u2019; \\n Inputs: For each activity or output there should be an indication of inputs and their costs. General cost categories should be used to identify the essential requirements, which can include staff, infrastructure, equipment, operating expenses, service contracts, grants, consultancies, etc.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":512, "Sentence":"For each of these dates, indicate the expected level of result that should be achieved.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design date indicate expected level result achieved ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.1. General results framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The general results framework for a DDR programme should consist of the following elements (but not necessarily all of them) (see also Annex F for a general results framework for DDR that was used in Liberia): \\n Specific objectives and component outcomes: For each component of a DDR programme (i.e., disarmament, demobilization, reinsertion, reintegration, etc.), the main or longer\u00ad term strategic objectives should be clearly defined, together with the outcomes the UN is supporting. These provide a strategic framework for organizing and anchoring relevant activities and outputs; \\n Baseline data: For each specific objective, the initial starting point should be briefly described. In the absence of hard quantitative baseline data, give a qualitative descrip\u00ad tion of the current situation. Defining the baseline is a critical part of monitoring and evaluating the performance and impact of programmes; \\n Indicative activities: For each objective, a list of indicative activities should be provided in order to give a sense of the range and kind of activities that need to be implemented so as to achieve the expected outputs and objectives. For the general results frame\u00ad work, these do not need to be complete or highly detailed, but they must be sufficient to provide a sense of the underlying strategy, scope and range of actions that will be implemented; \\n Intervals: Activities and priority outputs should be have precise time\u00adlines (preferably specific dates). For each of these dates, indicate the expected level of result that should be achieved. This should allow an overview of how each relevant component of the programme is expected to progress over time and what has to be achieved by what date; \\n Targets and monitoring indicators: For each activity there should be an observable target, objectively verifiable and useful as a monitoring indicator. These indicators will vary depending on the activity, and they do not always have to be quantitative. For example, \u2018reduction in perceptions of violence\u2019 is as useful as \u201815 percent of ex\u00adcombatants success\u00ad fully reintegrated\u2019; \\n Inputs: For each activity or output there should be an indication of inputs and their costs. General cost categories should be used to identify the essential requirements, which can include staff, infrastructure, equipment, operating expenses, service contracts, grants, consultancies, etc.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":512, "Sentence":"This should allow an overview of how each relevant component of the programme is expected to progress over time and what has to be achieved by what date; \\n Targets and monitoring indicators: For each activity there should be an observable target, objectively verifiable and useful as a monitoring indicator.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design allow overview relevant component programme expected progress time achieved date n target monitoring indicator activity observable target objectively verifiable useful monitoring indicator ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.1. General results framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The general results framework for a DDR programme should consist of the following elements (but not necessarily all of them) (see also Annex F for a general results framework for DDR that was used in Liberia): \\n Specific objectives and component outcomes: For each component of a DDR programme (i.e., disarmament, demobilization, reinsertion, reintegration, etc.), the main or longer\u00ad term strategic objectives should be clearly defined, together with the outcomes the UN is supporting. These provide a strategic framework for organizing and anchoring relevant activities and outputs; \\n Baseline data: For each specific objective, the initial starting point should be briefly described. In the absence of hard quantitative baseline data, give a qualitative descrip\u00ad tion of the current situation. Defining the baseline is a critical part of monitoring and evaluating the performance and impact of programmes; \\n Indicative activities: For each objective, a list of indicative activities should be provided in order to give a sense of the range and kind of activities that need to be implemented so as to achieve the expected outputs and objectives. For the general results frame\u00ad work, these do not need to be complete or highly detailed, but they must be sufficient to provide a sense of the underlying strategy, scope and range of actions that will be implemented; \\n Intervals: Activities and priority outputs should be have precise time\u00adlines (preferably specific dates). For each of these dates, indicate the expected level of result that should be achieved. This should allow an overview of how each relevant component of the programme is expected to progress over time and what has to be achieved by what date; \\n Targets and monitoring indicators: For each activity there should be an observable target, objectively verifiable and useful as a monitoring indicator. These indicators will vary depending on the activity, and they do not always have to be quantitative. For example, \u2018reduction in perceptions of violence\u2019 is as useful as \u201815 percent of ex\u00adcombatants success\u00ad fully reintegrated\u2019; \\n Inputs: For each activity or output there should be an indication of inputs and their costs. General cost categories should be used to identify the essential requirements, which can include staff, infrastructure, equipment, operating expenses, service contracts, grants, consultancies, etc.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":512, "Sentence":"These indicators will vary depending on the activity, and they do not always have to be quantitative.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design indicator vary depending activity always quantitative ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.1. General results framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The general results framework for a DDR programme should consist of the following elements (but not necessarily all of them) (see also Annex F for a general results framework for DDR that was used in Liberia): \\n Specific objectives and component outcomes: For each component of a DDR programme (i.e., disarmament, demobilization, reinsertion, reintegration, etc.), the main or longer\u00ad term strategic objectives should be clearly defined, together with the outcomes the UN is supporting. These provide a strategic framework for organizing and anchoring relevant activities and outputs; \\n Baseline data: For each specific objective, the initial starting point should be briefly described. In the absence of hard quantitative baseline data, give a qualitative descrip\u00ad tion of the current situation. Defining the baseline is a critical part of monitoring and evaluating the performance and impact of programmes; \\n Indicative activities: For each objective, a list of indicative activities should be provided in order to give a sense of the range and kind of activities that need to be implemented so as to achieve the expected outputs and objectives. For the general results frame\u00ad work, these do not need to be complete or highly detailed, but they must be sufficient to provide a sense of the underlying strategy, scope and range of actions that will be implemented; \\n Intervals: Activities and priority outputs should be have precise time\u00adlines (preferably specific dates). For each of these dates, indicate the expected level of result that should be achieved. This should allow an overview of how each relevant component of the programme is expected to progress over time and what has to be achieved by what date; \\n Targets and monitoring indicators: For each activity there should be an observable target, objectively verifiable and useful as a monitoring indicator. These indicators will vary depending on the activity, and they do not always have to be quantitative. For example, \u2018reduction in perceptions of violence\u2019 is as useful as \u201815 percent of ex\u00adcombatants success\u00ad fully reintegrated\u2019; \\n Inputs: For each activity or output there should be an indication of inputs and their costs. General cost categories should be used to identify the essential requirements, which can include staff, infrastructure, equipment, operating expenses, service contracts, grants, consultancies, etc.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":512, "Sentence":"For example, \u2018reduction in perceptions of violence\u2019 is as useful as \u201815 percent of ex\u00adcombatants success\u00ad fully reintegrated\u2019; \\n Inputs: For each activity or output there should be an indication of inputs and their costs.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design example \u2018 reduction perception violence \u2019 useful \u2018 15 percent ex\u00adcombatants success\u00ad fully reintegrated \u2019 n input activity output indication input cost ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.1. General results framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The general results framework for a DDR programme should consist of the following elements (but not necessarily all of them) (see also Annex F for a general results framework for DDR that was used in Liberia): \\n Specific objectives and component outcomes: For each component of a DDR programme (i.e., disarmament, demobilization, reinsertion, reintegration, etc.), the main or longer\u00ad term strategic objectives should be clearly defined, together with the outcomes the UN is supporting. These provide a strategic framework for organizing and anchoring relevant activities and outputs; \\n Baseline data: For each specific objective, the initial starting point should be briefly described. In the absence of hard quantitative baseline data, give a qualitative descrip\u00ad tion of the current situation. Defining the baseline is a critical part of monitoring and evaluating the performance and impact of programmes; \\n Indicative activities: For each objective, a list of indicative activities should be provided in order to give a sense of the range and kind of activities that need to be implemented so as to achieve the expected outputs and objectives. For the general results frame\u00ad work, these do not need to be complete or highly detailed, but they must be sufficient to provide a sense of the underlying strategy, scope and range of actions that will be implemented; \\n Intervals: Activities and priority outputs should be have precise time\u00adlines (preferably specific dates). For each of these dates, indicate the expected level of result that should be achieved. This should allow an overview of how each relevant component of the programme is expected to progress over time and what has to be achieved by what date; \\n Targets and monitoring indicators: For each activity there should be an observable target, objectively verifiable and useful as a monitoring indicator. These indicators will vary depending on the activity, and they do not always have to be quantitative. For example, \u2018reduction in perceptions of violence\u2019 is as useful as \u201815 percent of ex\u00adcombatants success\u00ad fully reintegrated\u2019; \\n Inputs: For each activity or output there should be an indication of inputs and their costs. General cost categories should be used to identify the essential requirements, which can include staff, infrastructure, equipment, operating expenses, service contracts, grants, consultancies, etc.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":512, "Sentence":"General cost categories should be used to identify the essential requirements, which can include staff, infrastructure, equipment, operating expenses, service contracts, grants, consultancies, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design general cost category used identify essential requirement include staff infrastructure equipment operating expense service contract grant consultancy etc ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.2. Peacekeeping results-based budgeting framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The results\u00adbased budgeting (RBB) framework is the main budgetary planning tool used by the UN Secretariat and peacekeeping missions, and is part of the Secretary\u00adGeneral\u2019s programme of reform and vision of a more results\u00adoriented organization.An important feature of RBB is the definition of expected results at the beginning of the planning and budget cycle, before the programme is implemented. Thus RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results\u00adbased accountability (i.e., indi\u00ad cators of achievements). RBB is therefore not simply an administrative process, but a strategic planning tool, improving the clarity of programmes, and bringing about a common under\u00ad standing and better communication between Member States and programme managers to improve results. Results\u00adbased management is intended to be a dynamic process, providing feedback throughout the full programme cycle: planning, programming, budgeting, and monitoring and evaluation. Since it was introduced, RBB has continued to evolve in order to better fulfil its role as a strategic planning tool for the UN.RBB has four main components: \\n the DDR objective statement, serving as the basis for developing programme activities and identifying benchmarks for success; \\n indicators of achievement, which measure performance, justify the resource requirements and are linked to outputs; \\n outputs, listing the activities that will be conducted in order to achieve the objective; \\n external factors, identifying factors outside of the programme manger\u2019s control that may have an impact on programme performance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":513, "Sentence":"The results\u00adbased budgeting (RBB) framework is the main budgetary planning tool used by the UN Secretariat and peacekeeping missions, and is part of the Secretary\u00adGeneral\u2019s programme of reform and vision of a more results\u00adoriented organization.An important feature of RBB is the definition of expected results at the beginning of the planning and budget cycle, before the programme is implemented.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design results\u00adbased budgeting rbb framework main budgetary planning tool used un secretariat peacekeeping mission part secretary\u00adgeneral \u2019 programme reform vision results\u00adoriented organization.an important feature rbb definition expected result beginning planning budget cycle programme implemented ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.2. Peacekeeping results-based budgeting framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The results\u00adbased budgeting (RBB) framework is the main budgetary planning tool used by the UN Secretariat and peacekeeping missions, and is part of the Secretary\u00adGeneral\u2019s programme of reform and vision of a more results\u00adoriented organization.An important feature of RBB is the definition of expected results at the beginning of the planning and budget cycle, before the programme is implemented. Thus RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results\u00adbased accountability (i.e., indi\u00ad cators of achievements). RBB is therefore not simply an administrative process, but a strategic planning tool, improving the clarity of programmes, and bringing about a common under\u00ad standing and better communication between Member States and programme managers to improve results. Results\u00adbased management is intended to be a dynamic process, providing feedback throughout the full programme cycle: planning, programming, budgeting, and monitoring and evaluation. Since it was introduced, RBB has continued to evolve in order to better fulfil its role as a strategic planning tool for the UN.RBB has four main components: \\n the DDR objective statement, serving as the basis for developing programme activities and identifying benchmarks for success; \\n indicators of achievement, which measure performance, justify the resource requirements and are linked to outputs; \\n outputs, listing the activities that will be conducted in order to achieve the objective; \\n external factors, identifying factors outside of the programme manger\u2019s control that may have an impact on programme performance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":513, "Sentence":"Thus RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results\u00adbased accountability (i.e., indi\u00ad cators of achievements).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design thus rbb aim shift focus output accounting i.e . activity results\u00adbased accountability i.e . indi\u00ad cators achievement ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.2. Peacekeeping results-based budgeting framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The results\u00adbased budgeting (RBB) framework is the main budgetary planning tool used by the UN Secretariat and peacekeeping missions, and is part of the Secretary\u00adGeneral\u2019s programme of reform and vision of a more results\u00adoriented organization.An important feature of RBB is the definition of expected results at the beginning of the planning and budget cycle, before the programme is implemented. Thus RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results\u00adbased accountability (i.e., indi\u00ad cators of achievements). RBB is therefore not simply an administrative process, but a strategic planning tool, improving the clarity of programmes, and bringing about a common under\u00ad standing and better communication between Member States and programme managers to improve results. Results\u00adbased management is intended to be a dynamic process, providing feedback throughout the full programme cycle: planning, programming, budgeting, and monitoring and evaluation. Since it was introduced, RBB has continued to evolve in order to better fulfil its role as a strategic planning tool for the UN.RBB has four main components: \\n the DDR objective statement, serving as the basis for developing programme activities and identifying benchmarks for success; \\n indicators of achievement, which measure performance, justify the resource requirements and are linked to outputs; \\n outputs, listing the activities that will be conducted in order to achieve the objective; \\n external factors, identifying factors outside of the programme manger\u2019s control that may have an impact on programme performance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":513, "Sentence":"RBB is therefore not simply an administrative process, but a strategic planning tool, improving the clarity of programmes, and bringing about a common under\u00ad standing and better communication between Member States and programme managers to improve results.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design rbb therefore simply administrative process strategic planning tool improving clarity programme bringing common under\u00ad standing better communication member state programme manager improve result ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.2. Peacekeeping results-based budgeting framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The results\u00adbased budgeting (RBB) framework is the main budgetary planning tool used by the UN Secretariat and peacekeeping missions, and is part of the Secretary\u00adGeneral\u2019s programme of reform and vision of a more results\u00adoriented organization.An important feature of RBB is the definition of expected results at the beginning of the planning and budget cycle, before the programme is implemented. Thus RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results\u00adbased accountability (i.e., indi\u00ad cators of achievements). RBB is therefore not simply an administrative process, but a strategic planning tool, improving the clarity of programmes, and bringing about a common under\u00ad standing and better communication between Member States and programme managers to improve results. Results\u00adbased management is intended to be a dynamic process, providing feedback throughout the full programme cycle: planning, programming, budgeting, and monitoring and evaluation. Since it was introduced, RBB has continued to evolve in order to better fulfil its role as a strategic planning tool for the UN.RBB has four main components: \\n the DDR objective statement, serving as the basis for developing programme activities and identifying benchmarks for success; \\n indicators of achievement, which measure performance, justify the resource requirements and are linked to outputs; \\n outputs, listing the activities that will be conducted in order to achieve the objective; \\n external factors, identifying factors outside of the programme manger\u2019s control that may have an impact on programme performance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":513, "Sentence":"Results\u00adbased management is intended to be a dynamic process, providing feedback throughout the full programme cycle: planning, programming, budgeting, and monitoring and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design results\u00adbased management intended dynamic process providing feedback throughout full programme cycle planning programming budgeting monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.2. Peacekeeping results-based budgeting framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The results\u00adbased budgeting (RBB) framework is the main budgetary planning tool used by the UN Secretariat and peacekeeping missions, and is part of the Secretary\u00adGeneral\u2019s programme of reform and vision of a more results\u00adoriented organization.An important feature of RBB is the definition of expected results at the beginning of the planning and budget cycle, before the programme is implemented. Thus RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results\u00adbased accountability (i.e., indi\u00ad cators of achievements). RBB is therefore not simply an administrative process, but a strategic planning tool, improving the clarity of programmes, and bringing about a common under\u00ad standing and better communication between Member States and programme managers to improve results. Results\u00adbased management is intended to be a dynamic process, providing feedback throughout the full programme cycle: planning, programming, budgeting, and monitoring and evaluation. Since it was introduced, RBB has continued to evolve in order to better fulfil its role as a strategic planning tool for the UN.RBB has four main components: \\n the DDR objective statement, serving as the basis for developing programme activities and identifying benchmarks for success; \\n indicators of achievement, which measure performance, justify the resource requirements and are linked to outputs; \\n outputs, listing the activities that will be conducted in order to achieve the objective; \\n external factors, identifying factors outside of the programme manger\u2019s control that may have an impact on programme performance.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":513, "Sentence":"Since it was introduced, RBB has continued to evolve in order to better fulfil its role as a strategic planning tool for the UN.RBB has four main components: \\n the DDR objective statement, serving as the basis for developing programme activities and identifying benchmarks for success; \\n indicators of achievement, which measure performance, justify the resource requirements and are linked to outputs; \\n outputs, listing the activities that will be conducted in order to achieve the objective; \\n external factors, identifying factors outside of the programme manger\u2019s control that may have an impact on programme performance.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design since introduced rbb continued evolve order better fulfil role strategic planning tool un.rbb four main component n ddr objective statement serving basis developing programme activity identifying benchmark success n indicator achievement measure performance justify resource requirement linked output n output listing activity conducted order achieve objective n external factor identifying factor outside programme manger \u2019 control may impact programme performance ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.2. Peacekeeping results-based budgeting framework", "Heading3":"7.2.1. Developing an RBB framework", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"This section is intended to assist DDR programme managers in the field to develop RBB frameworks for submission to the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, which will serve as the basis for cost estimates. Mission budget officers who are specialized in the develop\u00ad ment of RBB frameworks should be able to assist with the development of this tool.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":514, "Sentence":"This section is intended to assist DDR programme managers in the field to develop RBB frameworks for submission to the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, which will serve as the basis for cost estimates.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design section intended assist ddr programme manager field develop rbb framework submission department peacekeeping operation serve basis cost estimate ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.2. Peacekeeping results-based budgeting framework", "Heading3":"7.2.1. Developing an RBB framework", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"This section is intended to assist DDR programme managers in the field to develop RBB frameworks for submission to the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, which will serve as the basis for cost estimates. Mission budget officers who are specialized in the develop\u00ad ment of RBB frameworks should be able to assist with the development of this tool.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":514, "Sentence":"Mission budget officers who are specialized in the develop\u00ad ment of RBB frameworks should be able to assist with the development of this tool.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design mission budget officer specialized develop\u00ad ment rbb framework able assist development tool ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.2. Peacekeeping results-based budgeting framework", "Heading3":"7.2.1. Developing an RBB framework", "Heading4":"7.2.1.1. The DDR objective statement", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The DDR objective statement draws its legal foundation from Security Council mission mandates. It is important to note that the DDR objective will not be fully achieved in the lifetime of the peacekeeping mission, although certain activities such as the (limited) phys\u00ad ical disarmament of combatants may be completed. Other important aspects of DDR such as reintegration, the establishment of the legal framework, and the technical and logistic capacity to deal with small arms and light weapons often extend beyond the duration of a peacekeeping mission. In this regard, the objective statement must reflect the contribution of the peacekeeping mission to the \u2018progress towards\u2019 the DDR objective. An example of a DDR objective statement is as follows: \\n \u201cProgress towards the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed forces and groups, including meeting the specific needs of women and children associated with such groups, as well as weapons control and destruction.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":515, "Sentence":"The DDR objective statement draws its legal foundation from Security Council mission mandates.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design ddr objective statement draw legal foundation security council mission mandate ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.2. Peacekeeping results-based budgeting framework", "Heading3":"7.2.1. Developing an RBB framework", "Heading4":"7.2.1.1. The DDR objective statement", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The DDR objective statement draws its legal foundation from Security Council mission mandates. It is important to note that the DDR objective will not be fully achieved in the lifetime of the peacekeeping mission, although certain activities such as the (limited) phys\u00ad ical disarmament of combatants may be completed. Other important aspects of DDR such as reintegration, the establishment of the legal framework, and the technical and logistic capacity to deal with small arms and light weapons often extend beyond the duration of a peacekeeping mission. In this regard, the objective statement must reflect the contribution of the peacekeeping mission to the \u2018progress towards\u2019 the DDR objective. An example of a DDR objective statement is as follows: \\n \u201cProgress towards the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed forces and groups, including meeting the specific needs of women and children associated with such groups, as well as weapons control and destruction.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":515, "Sentence":"It is important to note that the DDR objective will not be fully achieved in the lifetime of the peacekeeping mission, although certain activities such as the (limited) phys\u00ad ical disarmament of combatants may be completed.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design important note ddr objective fully achieved lifetime peacekeeping mission although certain activity limited phys\u00ad ical disarmament combatant may completed ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.2. Peacekeeping results-based budgeting framework", "Heading3":"7.2.1. Developing an RBB framework", "Heading4":"7.2.1.1. The DDR objective statement", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The DDR objective statement draws its legal foundation from Security Council mission mandates. It is important to note that the DDR objective will not be fully achieved in the lifetime of the peacekeeping mission, although certain activities such as the (limited) phys\u00ad ical disarmament of combatants may be completed. Other important aspects of DDR such as reintegration, the establishment of the legal framework, and the technical and logistic capacity to deal with small arms and light weapons often extend beyond the duration of a peacekeeping mission. In this regard, the objective statement must reflect the contribution of the peacekeeping mission to the \u2018progress towards\u2019 the DDR objective. An example of a DDR objective statement is as follows: \\n \u201cProgress towards the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed forces and groups, including meeting the specific needs of women and children associated with such groups, as well as weapons control and destruction.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":515, "Sentence":"Other important aspects of DDR such as reintegration, the establishment of the legal framework, and the technical and logistic capacity to deal with small arms and light weapons often extend beyond the duration of a peacekeeping mission.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design important aspect ddr reintegration establishment legal framework technical logistic capacity deal small arm light weapon often extend beyond duration peacekeeping mission ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.2. Peacekeeping results-based budgeting framework", "Heading3":"7.2.1. Developing an RBB framework", "Heading4":"7.2.1.1. The DDR objective statement", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The DDR objective statement draws its legal foundation from Security Council mission mandates. It is important to note that the DDR objective will not be fully achieved in the lifetime of the peacekeeping mission, although certain activities such as the (limited) phys\u00ad ical disarmament of combatants may be completed. Other important aspects of DDR such as reintegration, the establishment of the legal framework, and the technical and logistic capacity to deal with small arms and light weapons often extend beyond the duration of a peacekeeping mission. In this regard, the objective statement must reflect the contribution of the peacekeeping mission to the \u2018progress towards\u2019 the DDR objective. An example of a DDR objective statement is as follows: \\n \u201cProgress towards the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed forces and groups, including meeting the specific needs of women and children associated with such groups, as well as weapons control and destruction.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":515, "Sentence":"In this regard, the objective statement must reflect the contribution of the peacekeeping mission to the \u2018progress towards\u2019 the DDR objective.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design regard objective statement must reflect contribution peacekeeping mission \u2018 progress towards \u2019 ddr objective ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.2. Peacekeeping results-based budgeting framework", "Heading3":"7.2.1. Developing an RBB framework", "Heading4":"7.2.1.1. The DDR objective statement", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The DDR objective statement draws its legal foundation from Security Council mission mandates. It is important to note that the DDR objective will not be fully achieved in the lifetime of the peacekeeping mission, although certain activities such as the (limited) phys\u00ad ical disarmament of combatants may be completed. Other important aspects of DDR such as reintegration, the establishment of the legal framework, and the technical and logistic capacity to deal with small arms and light weapons often extend beyond the duration of a peacekeeping mission. In this regard, the objective statement must reflect the contribution of the peacekeeping mission to the \u2018progress towards\u2019 the DDR objective. An example of a DDR objective statement is as follows: \\n \u201cProgress towards the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed forces and groups, including meeting the specific needs of women and children associated with such groups, as well as weapons control and destruction.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":515, "Sentence":"An example of a DDR objective statement is as follows: \\n \u201cProgress towards the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed forces and groups, including meeting the specific needs of women and children associated with such groups, as well as weapons control and destruction.\u201d", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design example ddr objective statement follows n \u201c progress towards disarmament demobilization reintegration member armed force group including meeting specific need woman child associated group well weapon control destruction . \u201d" }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.2. Peacekeeping results-based budgeting framework", "Heading3":"7.2.1. Developing an RBB framework", "Heading4":"7.2.1.2. Indicators of achievement", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The targeted achievement should include no more than five clear and measurable indicators, and baseline information from which increases\/decreases in the baseline variables are measured.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":516, "Sentence":"The targeted achievement should include no more than five clear and measurable indicators, and baseline information from which increases\/decreases in the baseline variables are measured.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design targeted achievement include five clear measurable indicator baseline information increases\/decreases baseline variable measured ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.2. Peacekeeping results-based budgeting framework", "Heading3":"7.2.1. Developing an RBB framework", "Heading4":"7.2.1.3. Outputs", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"When developing the DDR outputs for an RBB framework, programmer managers should take the following into account: (1) specific references to the implementation time\u00adframe should be included; (2) DDR technical assistance or advice needs should be further defined to specify what that means in practice and, if possible, quantified (e.g., workshops, training programmes, legislative models, draft work plans); (3) participants in DDR programmes or recipients of the mission\u2019s efforts should be included in the output description; and (4) when describing these outputs, the verb should be placed before the output definition (e.g., \u2018Destroyed 9,000 weapons\u2019; \u2018Chaired 10 community sensitization meetings\u2019).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":517, "Sentence":"When developing the DDR outputs for an RBB framework, programmer managers should take the following into account: (1) specific references to the implementation time\u00adframe should be included; (2) DDR technical assistance or advice needs should be further defined to specify what that means in practice and, if possible, quantified (e.g., workshops, training programmes, legislative models, draft work plans); (3) participants in DDR programmes or recipients of the mission\u2019s efforts should be included in the output description; and (4) when describing these outputs, the verb should be placed before the output definition (e.g., \u2018Destroyed 9,000 weapons\u2019; \u2018Chaired 10 community sensitization meetings\u2019).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design developing ddr output rbb framework programmer manager take following account 1 specific reference implementation time\u00adframe included 2 ddr technical assistance advice need defined specify mean practice possible quantified e.g . workshop training programme legislative model draft work plan 3 participant ddr programme recipient mission \u2019 effort included output description 4 describing output verb placed output definition e.g . \u2018 destroyed 9000 weapon \u2019 \u2018 chaired 10 community sensitization meeting \u2019 ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.2. Peacekeeping results-based budgeting framework", "Heading3":"7.2.1. Developing an RBB framework", "Heading4":"7.2.1.4. External factors", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"When developing the external factors of the DDR RBB framework, programme managers are requested to identify those factors that are outside the control of the DDR unit. These should not repeat the factors that make up the indicators of achievement.For an example of an RBB framework for DDR in Sudan, see Annex G; also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":518, "Sentence":"When developing the external factors of the DDR RBB framework, programme managers are requested to identify those factors that are outside the control of the DDR unit.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design developing external factor ddr rbb framework programme manager requested identify factor outside control ddr unit ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"7. Developing the results and budgeting framework", "Heading2":"7.2. Peacekeeping results-based budgeting framework", "Heading3":"7.2.1. Developing an RBB framework", "Heading4":"7.2.1.4. External factors", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"When developing the external factors of the DDR RBB framework, programme managers are requested to identify those factors that are outside the control of the DDR unit. These should not repeat the factors that make up the indicators of achievement.For an example of an RBB framework for DDR in Sudan, see Annex G; also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":518, "Sentence":"These should not repeat the factors that make up the indicators of achievement.For an example of an RBB framework for DDR in Sudan, see Annex G; also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design repeat factor make indicator achievement.for example rbb framework ddr sudan see annex g also see iddrs 3.50 monitoring evaluation ddr programme ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"8. Stage III: Developing an implementation plan", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Once a programme has been prepared, planning instruments should be developed that will aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and the national government) to implement the planned activities and strategies. An actions or operations plan usually consists of four main elements: \\n Implementation methods: This consists of a narrative description of how each DDR com\u00ad ponent will be made operational within the framework of the programme, focusing on the precise sequencing of activities, operational requirements, logistic requirements, links with other mission components, key risks and factors that will reduce these risks. This section can be used by practitioners to guide implementation and operations and provide an overall framework for the other components of the operational and action plan; \\n Timing: There should be an overview of the time\u00adframe and schedule for implementation of DDR activities for each component of the programme, which provides an overall picture of the phasing and sequencing of programme implementation. This will provide practitioners with a quick overview of the activities, which is important for defining and planning resource requirements and allocations. An example of a time\u00adframe is included in Annex H; \\n Detailed work plan: A detailed work plan should also be included in the operational plan. It should break all programme activities down into their various tasks, and indi\u00ad cate who is responsible for different operational roles. The main categories of such a work plan should include: \\n\\n the activities to be implemented; \\n\\n a detailed description of individual tasks; \\n\\n the required inputs (human, material, financial); \\n\\n the actor \\n\\n responsible for funding each task; \\n\\n the actor responsible for logistic support; \\n\\n the actor responsible for staffing; \\n\\n the actor responsible for coordination\/supervision; \\n\\n the actor responsible for implementation; \\n\\n the expected time\u00adframe for implementation of task. \\n The work plan should be considered a dynamic document that should be updated periodically and used to guide DDR planners and practitioners on programme imple\u00ad mentation on a day\u00adto\u00adday basis. A generic work plan is included in Annex I; \\n Management arrangements: This section should detail the institutional arrangements established to provide strategic guidance, coordination and implementation of the programme (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures and IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":519, "Sentence":"Once a programme has been prepared, planning instruments should be developed that will aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and the national government) to implement the planned activities and strategies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design programme prepared planning instrument developed aid practitioner un non\u00adun national government implement planned activity strategy ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"8. Stage III: Developing an implementation plan", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Once a programme has been prepared, planning instruments should be developed that will aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and the national government) to implement the planned activities and strategies. An actions or operations plan usually consists of four main elements: \\n Implementation methods: This consists of a narrative description of how each DDR com\u00ad ponent will be made operational within the framework of the programme, focusing on the precise sequencing of activities, operational requirements, logistic requirements, links with other mission components, key risks and factors that will reduce these risks. This section can be used by practitioners to guide implementation and operations and provide an overall framework for the other components of the operational and action plan; \\n Timing: There should be an overview of the time\u00adframe and schedule for implementation of DDR activities for each component of the programme, which provides an overall picture of the phasing and sequencing of programme implementation. This will provide practitioners with a quick overview of the activities, which is important for defining and planning resource requirements and allocations. An example of a time\u00adframe is included in Annex H; \\n Detailed work plan: A detailed work plan should also be included in the operational plan. It should break all programme activities down into their various tasks, and indi\u00ad cate who is responsible for different operational roles. The main categories of such a work plan should include: \\n\\n the activities to be implemented; \\n\\n a detailed description of individual tasks; \\n\\n the required inputs (human, material, financial); \\n\\n the actor \\n\\n responsible for funding each task; \\n\\n the actor responsible for logistic support; \\n\\n the actor responsible for staffing; \\n\\n the actor responsible for coordination\/supervision; \\n\\n the actor responsible for implementation; \\n\\n the expected time\u00adframe for implementation of task. \\n The work plan should be considered a dynamic document that should be updated periodically and used to guide DDR planners and practitioners on programme imple\u00ad mentation on a day\u00adto\u00adday basis. A generic work plan is included in Annex I; \\n Management arrangements: This section should detail the institutional arrangements established to provide strategic guidance, coordination and implementation of the programme (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures and IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":519, "Sentence":"An actions or operations plan usually consists of four main elements: \\n Implementation methods: This consists of a narrative description of how each DDR com\u00ad ponent will be made operational within the framework of the programme, focusing on the precise sequencing of activities, operational requirements, logistic requirements, links with other mission components, key risks and factors that will reduce these risks.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design action operation plan usually consists four main element n implementation method consists narrative description ddr com\u00ad ponent made operational within framework programme focusing precise sequencing activity operational requirement logistic requirement link mission component key risk factor reduce risk ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"8. Stage III: Developing an implementation plan", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Once a programme has been prepared, planning instruments should be developed that will aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and the national government) to implement the planned activities and strategies. An actions or operations plan usually consists of four main elements: \\n Implementation methods: This consists of a narrative description of how each DDR com\u00ad ponent will be made operational within the framework of the programme, focusing on the precise sequencing of activities, operational requirements, logistic requirements, links with other mission components, key risks and factors that will reduce these risks. This section can be used by practitioners to guide implementation and operations and provide an overall framework for the other components of the operational and action plan; \\n Timing: There should be an overview of the time\u00adframe and schedule for implementation of DDR activities for each component of the programme, which provides an overall picture of the phasing and sequencing of programme implementation. This will provide practitioners with a quick overview of the activities, which is important for defining and planning resource requirements and allocations. An example of a time\u00adframe is included in Annex H; \\n Detailed work plan: A detailed work plan should also be included in the operational plan. It should break all programme activities down into their various tasks, and indi\u00ad cate who is responsible for different operational roles. The main categories of such a work plan should include: \\n\\n the activities to be implemented; \\n\\n a detailed description of individual tasks; \\n\\n the required inputs (human, material, financial); \\n\\n the actor \\n\\n responsible for funding each task; \\n\\n the actor responsible for logistic support; \\n\\n the actor responsible for staffing; \\n\\n the actor responsible for coordination\/supervision; \\n\\n the actor responsible for implementation; \\n\\n the expected time\u00adframe for implementation of task. \\n The work plan should be considered a dynamic document that should be updated periodically and used to guide DDR planners and practitioners on programme imple\u00ad mentation on a day\u00adto\u00adday basis. A generic work plan is included in Annex I; \\n Management arrangements: This section should detail the institutional arrangements established to provide strategic guidance, coordination and implementation of the programme (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures and IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":519, "Sentence":"This section can be used by practitioners to guide implementation and operations and provide an overall framework for the other components of the operational and action plan; \\n Timing: There should be an overview of the time\u00adframe and schedule for implementation of DDR activities for each component of the programme, which provides an overall picture of the phasing and sequencing of programme implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design section used practitioner guide implementation operation provide overall framework component operational action plan n timing overview time\u00adframe schedule implementation ddr activity component programme provides overall picture phasing sequencing programme implementation ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"8. Stage III: Developing an implementation plan", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Once a programme has been prepared, planning instruments should be developed that will aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and the national government) to implement the planned activities and strategies. An actions or operations plan usually consists of four main elements: \\n Implementation methods: This consists of a narrative description of how each DDR com\u00ad ponent will be made operational within the framework of the programme, focusing on the precise sequencing of activities, operational requirements, logistic requirements, links with other mission components, key risks and factors that will reduce these risks. This section can be used by practitioners to guide implementation and operations and provide an overall framework for the other components of the operational and action plan; \\n Timing: There should be an overview of the time\u00adframe and schedule for implementation of DDR activities for each component of the programme, which provides an overall picture of the phasing and sequencing of programme implementation. This will provide practitioners with a quick overview of the activities, which is important for defining and planning resource requirements and allocations. An example of a time\u00adframe is included in Annex H; \\n Detailed work plan: A detailed work plan should also be included in the operational plan. It should break all programme activities down into their various tasks, and indi\u00ad cate who is responsible for different operational roles. The main categories of such a work plan should include: \\n\\n the activities to be implemented; \\n\\n a detailed description of individual tasks; \\n\\n the required inputs (human, material, financial); \\n\\n the actor \\n\\n responsible for funding each task; \\n\\n the actor responsible for logistic support; \\n\\n the actor responsible for staffing; \\n\\n the actor responsible for coordination\/supervision; \\n\\n the actor responsible for implementation; \\n\\n the expected time\u00adframe for implementation of task. \\n The work plan should be considered a dynamic document that should be updated periodically and used to guide DDR planners and practitioners on programme imple\u00ad mentation on a day\u00adto\u00adday basis. A generic work plan is included in Annex I; \\n Management arrangements: This section should detail the institutional arrangements established to provide strategic guidance, coordination and implementation of the programme (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures and IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":519, "Sentence":"This will provide practitioners with a quick overview of the activities, which is important for defining and planning resource requirements and allocations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design provide practitioner quick overview activity important defining planning resource requirement allocation ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"8. Stage III: Developing an implementation plan", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Once a programme has been prepared, planning instruments should be developed that will aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and the national government) to implement the planned activities and strategies. An actions or operations plan usually consists of four main elements: \\n Implementation methods: This consists of a narrative description of how each DDR com\u00ad ponent will be made operational within the framework of the programme, focusing on the precise sequencing of activities, operational requirements, logistic requirements, links with other mission components, key risks and factors that will reduce these risks. This section can be used by practitioners to guide implementation and operations and provide an overall framework for the other components of the operational and action plan; \\n Timing: There should be an overview of the time\u00adframe and schedule for implementation of DDR activities for each component of the programme, which provides an overall picture of the phasing and sequencing of programme implementation. This will provide practitioners with a quick overview of the activities, which is important for defining and planning resource requirements and allocations. An example of a time\u00adframe is included in Annex H; \\n Detailed work plan: A detailed work plan should also be included in the operational plan. It should break all programme activities down into their various tasks, and indi\u00ad cate who is responsible for different operational roles. The main categories of such a work plan should include: \\n\\n the activities to be implemented; \\n\\n a detailed description of individual tasks; \\n\\n the required inputs (human, material, financial); \\n\\n the actor \\n\\n responsible for funding each task; \\n\\n the actor responsible for logistic support; \\n\\n the actor responsible for staffing; \\n\\n the actor responsible for coordination\/supervision; \\n\\n the actor responsible for implementation; \\n\\n the expected time\u00adframe for implementation of task. \\n The work plan should be considered a dynamic document that should be updated periodically and used to guide DDR planners and practitioners on programme imple\u00ad mentation on a day\u00adto\u00adday basis. A generic work plan is included in Annex I; \\n Management arrangements: This section should detail the institutional arrangements established to provide strategic guidance, coordination and implementation of the programme (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures and IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":519, "Sentence":"An example of a time\u00adframe is included in Annex H; \\n Detailed work plan: A detailed work plan should also be included in the operational plan.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design example time\u00adframe included annex h n detailed work plan detailed work plan also included operational plan ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"8. Stage III: Developing an implementation plan", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Once a programme has been prepared, planning instruments should be developed that will aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and the national government) to implement the planned activities and strategies. An actions or operations plan usually consists of four main elements: \\n Implementation methods: This consists of a narrative description of how each DDR com\u00ad ponent will be made operational within the framework of the programme, focusing on the precise sequencing of activities, operational requirements, logistic requirements, links with other mission components, key risks and factors that will reduce these risks. This section can be used by practitioners to guide implementation and operations and provide an overall framework for the other components of the operational and action plan; \\n Timing: There should be an overview of the time\u00adframe and schedule for implementation of DDR activities for each component of the programme, which provides an overall picture of the phasing and sequencing of programme implementation. This will provide practitioners with a quick overview of the activities, which is important for defining and planning resource requirements and allocations. An example of a time\u00adframe is included in Annex H; \\n Detailed work plan: A detailed work plan should also be included in the operational plan. It should break all programme activities down into their various tasks, and indi\u00ad cate who is responsible for different operational roles. The main categories of such a work plan should include: \\n\\n the activities to be implemented; \\n\\n a detailed description of individual tasks; \\n\\n the required inputs (human, material, financial); \\n\\n the actor \\n\\n responsible for funding each task; \\n\\n the actor responsible for logistic support; \\n\\n the actor responsible for staffing; \\n\\n the actor responsible for coordination\/supervision; \\n\\n the actor responsible for implementation; \\n\\n the expected time\u00adframe for implementation of task. \\n The work plan should be considered a dynamic document that should be updated periodically and used to guide DDR planners and practitioners on programme imple\u00ad mentation on a day\u00adto\u00adday basis. A generic work plan is included in Annex I; \\n Management arrangements: This section should detail the institutional arrangements established to provide strategic guidance, coordination and implementation of the programme (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures and IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":519, "Sentence":"It should break all programme activities down into their various tasks, and indi\u00ad cate who is responsible for different operational roles.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design break programme activity various task indi\u00ad cate responsible different operational role ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"8. Stage III: Developing an implementation plan", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Once a programme has been prepared, planning instruments should be developed that will aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and the national government) to implement the planned activities and strategies. An actions or operations plan usually consists of four main elements: \\n Implementation methods: This consists of a narrative description of how each DDR com\u00ad ponent will be made operational within the framework of the programme, focusing on the precise sequencing of activities, operational requirements, logistic requirements, links with other mission components, key risks and factors that will reduce these risks. This section can be used by practitioners to guide implementation and operations and provide an overall framework for the other components of the operational and action plan; \\n Timing: There should be an overview of the time\u00adframe and schedule for implementation of DDR activities for each component of the programme, which provides an overall picture of the phasing and sequencing of programme implementation. This will provide practitioners with a quick overview of the activities, which is important for defining and planning resource requirements and allocations. An example of a time\u00adframe is included in Annex H; \\n Detailed work plan: A detailed work plan should also be included in the operational plan. It should break all programme activities down into their various tasks, and indi\u00ad cate who is responsible for different operational roles. The main categories of such a work plan should include: \\n\\n the activities to be implemented; \\n\\n a detailed description of individual tasks; \\n\\n the required inputs (human, material, financial); \\n\\n the actor \\n\\n responsible for funding each task; \\n\\n the actor responsible for logistic support; \\n\\n the actor responsible for staffing; \\n\\n the actor responsible for coordination\/supervision; \\n\\n the actor responsible for implementation; \\n\\n the expected time\u00adframe for implementation of task. \\n The work plan should be considered a dynamic document that should be updated periodically and used to guide DDR planners and practitioners on programme imple\u00ad mentation on a day\u00adto\u00adday basis. A generic work plan is included in Annex I; \\n Management arrangements: This section should detail the institutional arrangements established to provide strategic guidance, coordination and implementation of the programme (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures and IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":519, "Sentence":"The main categories of such a work plan should include: \\n\\n the activities to be implemented; \\n\\n a detailed description of individual tasks; \\n\\n the required inputs (human, material, financial); \\n\\n the actor \\n\\n responsible for funding each task; \\n\\n the actor responsible for logistic support; \\n\\n the actor responsible for staffing; \\n\\n the actor responsible for coordination\/supervision; \\n\\n the actor responsible for implementation; \\n\\n the expected time\u00adframe for implementation of task.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design main category work plan include nn activity implemented nn detailed description individual task nn required input human material financial nn actor nn responsible funding task nn actor responsible logistic support nn actor responsible staffing nn actor responsible coordination\/supervision nn actor responsible implementation nn expected time\u00adframe implementation task ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"8. Stage III: Developing an implementation plan", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Once a programme has been prepared, planning instruments should be developed that will aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and the national government) to implement the planned activities and strategies. An actions or operations plan usually consists of four main elements: \\n Implementation methods: This consists of a narrative description of how each DDR com\u00ad ponent will be made operational within the framework of the programme, focusing on the precise sequencing of activities, operational requirements, logistic requirements, links with other mission components, key risks and factors that will reduce these risks. This section can be used by practitioners to guide implementation and operations and provide an overall framework for the other components of the operational and action plan; \\n Timing: There should be an overview of the time\u00adframe and schedule for implementation of DDR activities for each component of the programme, which provides an overall picture of the phasing and sequencing of programme implementation. This will provide practitioners with a quick overview of the activities, which is important for defining and planning resource requirements and allocations. An example of a time\u00adframe is included in Annex H; \\n Detailed work plan: A detailed work plan should also be included in the operational plan. It should break all programme activities down into their various tasks, and indi\u00ad cate who is responsible for different operational roles. The main categories of such a work plan should include: \\n\\n the activities to be implemented; \\n\\n a detailed description of individual tasks; \\n\\n the required inputs (human, material, financial); \\n\\n the actor \\n\\n responsible for funding each task; \\n\\n the actor responsible for logistic support; \\n\\n the actor responsible for staffing; \\n\\n the actor responsible for coordination\/supervision; \\n\\n the actor responsible for implementation; \\n\\n the expected time\u00adframe for implementation of task. \\n The work plan should be considered a dynamic document that should be updated periodically and used to guide DDR planners and practitioners on programme imple\u00ad mentation on a day\u00adto\u00adday basis. A generic work plan is included in Annex I; \\n Management arrangements: This section should detail the institutional arrangements established to provide strategic guidance, coordination and implementation of the programme (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures and IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":519, "Sentence":"\\n The work plan should be considered a dynamic document that should be updated periodically and used to guide DDR planners and practitioners on programme imple\u00ad mentation on a day\u00adto\u00adday basis.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design n work plan considered dynamic document updated periodically used guide ddr planner practitioner programme imple\u00ad mentation day\u00adto\u00adday basis ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"8. Stage III: Developing an implementation plan", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Once a programme has been prepared, planning instruments should be developed that will aid practitioners (UN, non\u00adUN and the national government) to implement the planned activities and strategies. An actions or operations plan usually consists of four main elements: \\n Implementation methods: This consists of a narrative description of how each DDR com\u00ad ponent will be made operational within the framework of the programme, focusing on the precise sequencing of activities, operational requirements, logistic requirements, links with other mission components, key risks and factors that will reduce these risks. This section can be used by practitioners to guide implementation and operations and provide an overall framework for the other components of the operational and action plan; \\n Timing: There should be an overview of the time\u00adframe and schedule for implementation of DDR activities for each component of the programme, which provides an overall picture of the phasing and sequencing of programme implementation. This will provide practitioners with a quick overview of the activities, which is important for defining and planning resource requirements and allocations. An example of a time\u00adframe is included in Annex H; \\n Detailed work plan: A detailed work plan should also be included in the operational plan. It should break all programme activities down into their various tasks, and indi\u00ad cate who is responsible for different operational roles. The main categories of such a work plan should include: \\n\\n the activities to be implemented; \\n\\n a detailed description of individual tasks; \\n\\n the required inputs (human, material, financial); \\n\\n the actor \\n\\n responsible for funding each task; \\n\\n the actor responsible for logistic support; \\n\\n the actor responsible for staffing; \\n\\n the actor responsible for coordination\/supervision; \\n\\n the actor responsible for implementation; \\n\\n the expected time\u00adframe for implementation of task. \\n The work plan should be considered a dynamic document that should be updated periodically and used to guide DDR planners and practitioners on programme imple\u00ad mentation on a day\u00adto\u00adday basis. A generic work plan is included in Annex I; \\n Management arrangements: This section should detail the institutional arrangements established to provide strategic guidance, coordination and implementation of the programme (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures and IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":519, "Sentence":"A generic work plan is included in Annex I; \\n Management arrangements: This section should detail the institutional arrangements established to provide strategic guidance, coordination and implementation of the programme (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures and IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design generic work plan included annex n management arrangement section detail institutional arrangement established provide strategic guidance coordination implementation programme also see iddrs 3.10 integrated ddr planning process structure iddrs 3.50 monitoring evaluation ddr programme ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n Detailed field assessment: A detailed field assessment is essential to identify the nature of the problem a DDR programme is to deal with, as well as to provide key indicators for the development of a detailed DDR strategy and its associated components. Detailed field assess\u00ad ments shall be undertaken to ensure that DDR strategies, programmes and implementation plans reflect realities, are well targeted and sustainable, and to assist with their monitoring and evaluation.Implementation plan: \\n Also known as an operations or action plan, an implementation plan describes the detailed steps necessary to implement programme activities, together with a division of labour and overall time\u00adframe.Programme: \\n A generic (general) term for a set of activities designed to achieve a specific objective. In order to ensure that a programme\u2019s results, outputs and overall outcome are reached, activities are often framed by a strategy, key principles and identified targets. Together, these indicate how the activities will be structured and implemented. Programmes also include a description of all aspects necessary to implement the planned activities, includ\u00ad ing inputs and resources (staff, equipment, funding, etc.), management arrangements, legal frameworks, partnerships and other risk analysis.Project: \\n Within each programme there may be several projects, each of which is a separately identified undertaking. A project is an intervention that consists of a set of planned, inter\u00ad related activities aimed at achieving defined objectives over a fixed time. A project\u2019s activities and objectives are normally given in a project document. This legal agreement binds the signatories to carry out the defined activities and to provide specific resources over a fixed period of time in order to reach agreed objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":520, "Sentence":"Terms and definitions \\n Detailed field assessment: A detailed field assessment is essential to identify the nature of the problem a DDR programme is to deal with, as well as to provide key indicators for the development of a detailed DDR strategy and its associated components.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design term definition n detailed field assessment detailed field assessment essential identify nature problem ddr programme deal well provide key indicator development detailed ddr strategy associated component ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n Detailed field assessment: A detailed field assessment is essential to identify the nature of the problem a DDR programme is to deal with, as well as to provide key indicators for the development of a detailed DDR strategy and its associated components. Detailed field assess\u00ad ments shall be undertaken to ensure that DDR strategies, programmes and implementation plans reflect realities, are well targeted and sustainable, and to assist with their monitoring and evaluation.Implementation plan: \\n Also known as an operations or action plan, an implementation plan describes the detailed steps necessary to implement programme activities, together with a division of labour and overall time\u00adframe.Programme: \\n A generic (general) term for a set of activities designed to achieve a specific objective. In order to ensure that a programme\u2019s results, outputs and overall outcome are reached, activities are often framed by a strategy, key principles and identified targets. Together, these indicate how the activities will be structured and implemented. Programmes also include a description of all aspects necessary to implement the planned activities, includ\u00ad ing inputs and resources (staff, equipment, funding, etc.), management arrangements, legal frameworks, partnerships and other risk analysis.Project: \\n Within each programme there may be several projects, each of which is a separately identified undertaking. A project is an intervention that consists of a set of planned, inter\u00ad related activities aimed at achieving defined objectives over a fixed time. A project\u2019s activities and objectives are normally given in a project document. This legal agreement binds the signatories to carry out the defined activities and to provide specific resources over a fixed period of time in order to reach agreed objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":520, "Sentence":"Detailed field assess\u00ad ments shall be undertaken to ensure that DDR strategies, programmes and implementation plans reflect realities, are well targeted and sustainable, and to assist with their monitoring and evaluation.Implementation plan: \\n Also known as an operations or action plan, an implementation plan describes the detailed steps necessary to implement programme activities, together with a division of labour and overall time\u00adframe.Programme: \\n A generic (general) term for a set of activities designed to achieve a specific objective.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design detailed field assess\u00ad ments shall undertaken ensure ddr strategy programme implementation plan reflect reality well targeted sustainable assist monitoring evaluation.implementation plan n also known operation action plan implementation plan describes detailed step necessary implement programme activity together division labour overall time\u00adframe.programme n generic general term set activity designed achieve specific objective ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n Detailed field assessment: A detailed field assessment is essential to identify the nature of the problem a DDR programme is to deal with, as well as to provide key indicators for the development of a detailed DDR strategy and its associated components. Detailed field assess\u00ad ments shall be undertaken to ensure that DDR strategies, programmes and implementation plans reflect realities, are well targeted and sustainable, and to assist with their monitoring and evaluation.Implementation plan: \\n Also known as an operations or action plan, an implementation plan describes the detailed steps necessary to implement programme activities, together with a division of labour and overall time\u00adframe.Programme: \\n A generic (general) term for a set of activities designed to achieve a specific objective. In order to ensure that a programme\u2019s results, outputs and overall outcome are reached, activities are often framed by a strategy, key principles and identified targets. Together, these indicate how the activities will be structured and implemented. Programmes also include a description of all aspects necessary to implement the planned activities, includ\u00ad ing inputs and resources (staff, equipment, funding, etc.), management arrangements, legal frameworks, partnerships and other risk analysis.Project: \\n Within each programme there may be several projects, each of which is a separately identified undertaking. A project is an intervention that consists of a set of planned, inter\u00ad related activities aimed at achieving defined objectives over a fixed time. A project\u2019s activities and objectives are normally given in a project document. This legal agreement binds the signatories to carry out the defined activities and to provide specific resources over a fixed period of time in order to reach agreed objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":520, "Sentence":"In order to ensure that a programme\u2019s results, outputs and overall outcome are reached, activities are often framed by a strategy, key principles and identified targets.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design order ensure programme \u2019 result output overall outcome reached activity often framed strategy key principle identified target ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n Detailed field assessment: A detailed field assessment is essential to identify the nature of the problem a DDR programme is to deal with, as well as to provide key indicators for the development of a detailed DDR strategy and its associated components. Detailed field assess\u00ad ments shall be undertaken to ensure that DDR strategies, programmes and implementation plans reflect realities, are well targeted and sustainable, and to assist with their monitoring and evaluation.Implementation plan: \\n Also known as an operations or action plan, an implementation plan describes the detailed steps necessary to implement programme activities, together with a division of labour and overall time\u00adframe.Programme: \\n A generic (general) term for a set of activities designed to achieve a specific objective. In order to ensure that a programme\u2019s results, outputs and overall outcome are reached, activities are often framed by a strategy, key principles and identified targets. Together, these indicate how the activities will be structured and implemented. Programmes also include a description of all aspects necessary to implement the planned activities, includ\u00ad ing inputs and resources (staff, equipment, funding, etc.), management arrangements, legal frameworks, partnerships and other risk analysis.Project: \\n Within each programme there may be several projects, each of which is a separately identified undertaking. A project is an intervention that consists of a set of planned, inter\u00ad related activities aimed at achieving defined objectives over a fixed time. A project\u2019s activities and objectives are normally given in a project document. This legal agreement binds the signatories to carry out the defined activities and to provide specific resources over a fixed period of time in order to reach agreed objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":520, "Sentence":"Together, these indicate how the activities will be structured and implemented.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design together indicate activity structured implemented ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n Detailed field assessment: A detailed field assessment is essential to identify the nature of the problem a DDR programme is to deal with, as well as to provide key indicators for the development of a detailed DDR strategy and its associated components. Detailed field assess\u00ad ments shall be undertaken to ensure that DDR strategies, programmes and implementation plans reflect realities, are well targeted and sustainable, and to assist with their monitoring and evaluation.Implementation plan: \\n Also known as an operations or action plan, an implementation plan describes the detailed steps necessary to implement programme activities, together with a division of labour and overall time\u00adframe.Programme: \\n A generic (general) term for a set of activities designed to achieve a specific objective. In order to ensure that a programme\u2019s results, outputs and overall outcome are reached, activities are often framed by a strategy, key principles and identified targets. Together, these indicate how the activities will be structured and implemented. Programmes also include a description of all aspects necessary to implement the planned activities, includ\u00ad ing inputs and resources (staff, equipment, funding, etc.), management arrangements, legal frameworks, partnerships and other risk analysis.Project: \\n Within each programme there may be several projects, each of which is a separately identified undertaking. A project is an intervention that consists of a set of planned, inter\u00ad related activities aimed at achieving defined objectives over a fixed time. A project\u2019s activities and objectives are normally given in a project document. This legal agreement binds the signatories to carry out the defined activities and to provide specific resources over a fixed period of time in order to reach agreed objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":520, "Sentence":"Programmes also include a description of all aspects necessary to implement the planned activities, includ\u00ad ing inputs and resources (staff, equipment, funding, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design programme also include description aspect necessary implement planned activity includ\u00ad ing input resource staff equipment funding etc ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n Detailed field assessment: A detailed field assessment is essential to identify the nature of the problem a DDR programme is to deal with, as well as to provide key indicators for the development of a detailed DDR strategy and its associated components. Detailed field assess\u00ad ments shall be undertaken to ensure that DDR strategies, programmes and implementation plans reflect realities, are well targeted and sustainable, and to assist with their monitoring and evaluation.Implementation plan: \\n Also known as an operations or action plan, an implementation plan describes the detailed steps necessary to implement programme activities, together with a division of labour and overall time\u00adframe.Programme: \\n A generic (general) term for a set of activities designed to achieve a specific objective. In order to ensure that a programme\u2019s results, outputs and overall outcome are reached, activities are often framed by a strategy, key principles and identified targets. Together, these indicate how the activities will be structured and implemented. Programmes also include a description of all aspects necessary to implement the planned activities, includ\u00ad ing inputs and resources (staff, equipment, funding, etc.), management arrangements, legal frameworks, partnerships and other risk analysis.Project: \\n Within each programme there may be several projects, each of which is a separately identified undertaking. A project is an intervention that consists of a set of planned, inter\u00ad related activities aimed at achieving defined objectives over a fixed time. A project\u2019s activities and objectives are normally given in a project document. This legal agreement binds the signatories to carry out the defined activities and to provide specific resources over a fixed period of time in order to reach agreed objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":520, "Sentence":"), management arrangements, legal frameworks, partnerships and other risk analysis.Project: \\n Within each programme there may be several projects, each of which is a separately identified undertaking.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design management arrangement legal framework partnership risk analysis.project n within programme may several project separately identified undertaking ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n Detailed field assessment: A detailed field assessment is essential to identify the nature of the problem a DDR programme is to deal with, as well as to provide key indicators for the development of a detailed DDR strategy and its associated components. Detailed field assess\u00ad ments shall be undertaken to ensure that DDR strategies, programmes and implementation plans reflect realities, are well targeted and sustainable, and to assist with their monitoring and evaluation.Implementation plan: \\n Also known as an operations or action plan, an implementation plan describes the detailed steps necessary to implement programme activities, together with a division of labour and overall time\u00adframe.Programme: \\n A generic (general) term for a set of activities designed to achieve a specific objective. In order to ensure that a programme\u2019s results, outputs and overall outcome are reached, activities are often framed by a strategy, key principles and identified targets. Together, these indicate how the activities will be structured and implemented. Programmes also include a description of all aspects necessary to implement the planned activities, includ\u00ad ing inputs and resources (staff, equipment, funding, etc.), management arrangements, legal frameworks, partnerships and other risk analysis.Project: \\n Within each programme there may be several projects, each of which is a separately identified undertaking. A project is an intervention that consists of a set of planned, inter\u00ad related activities aimed at achieving defined objectives over a fixed time. A project\u2019s activities and objectives are normally given in a project document. This legal agreement binds the signatories to carry out the defined activities and to provide specific resources over a fixed period of time in order to reach agreed objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":520, "Sentence":"A project is an intervention that consists of a set of planned, inter\u00ad related activities aimed at achieving defined objectives over a fixed time.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design project intervention consists set planned inter\u00ad related activity aimed achieving defined objective fixed time ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n Detailed field assessment: A detailed field assessment is essential to identify the nature of the problem a DDR programme is to deal with, as well as to provide key indicators for the development of a detailed DDR strategy and its associated components. Detailed field assess\u00ad ments shall be undertaken to ensure that DDR strategies, programmes and implementation plans reflect realities, are well targeted and sustainable, and to assist with their monitoring and evaluation.Implementation plan: \\n Also known as an operations or action plan, an implementation plan describes the detailed steps necessary to implement programme activities, together with a division of labour and overall time\u00adframe.Programme: \\n A generic (general) term for a set of activities designed to achieve a specific objective. In order to ensure that a programme\u2019s results, outputs and overall outcome are reached, activities are often framed by a strategy, key principles and identified targets. Together, these indicate how the activities will be structured and implemented. Programmes also include a description of all aspects necessary to implement the planned activities, includ\u00ad ing inputs and resources (staff, equipment, funding, etc.), management arrangements, legal frameworks, partnerships and other risk analysis.Project: \\n Within each programme there may be several projects, each of which is a separately identified undertaking. A project is an intervention that consists of a set of planned, inter\u00ad related activities aimed at achieving defined objectives over a fixed time. A project\u2019s activities and objectives are normally given in a project document. This legal agreement binds the signatories to carry out the defined activities and to provide specific resources over a fixed period of time in order to reach agreed objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":520, "Sentence":"A project\u2019s activities and objectives are normally given in a project document.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design project \u2019 activity objective normally given project document ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n Detailed field assessment: A detailed field assessment is essential to identify the nature of the problem a DDR programme is to deal with, as well as to provide key indicators for the development of a detailed DDR strategy and its associated components. Detailed field assess\u00ad ments shall be undertaken to ensure that DDR strategies, programmes and implementation plans reflect realities, are well targeted and sustainable, and to assist with their monitoring and evaluation.Implementation plan: \\n Also known as an operations or action plan, an implementation plan describes the detailed steps necessary to implement programme activities, together with a division of labour and overall time\u00adframe.Programme: \\n A generic (general) term for a set of activities designed to achieve a specific objective. In order to ensure that a programme\u2019s results, outputs and overall outcome are reached, activities are often framed by a strategy, key principles and identified targets. Together, these indicate how the activities will be structured and implemented. Programmes also include a description of all aspects necessary to implement the planned activities, includ\u00ad ing inputs and resources (staff, equipment, funding, etc.), management arrangements, legal frameworks, partnerships and other risk analysis.Project: \\n Within each programme there may be several projects, each of which is a separately identified undertaking. A project is an intervention that consists of a set of planned, inter\u00ad related activities aimed at achieving defined objectives over a fixed time. A project\u2019s activities and objectives are normally given in a project document. This legal agreement binds the signatories to carry out the defined activities and to provide specific resources over a fixed period of time in order to reach agreed objectives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":520, "Sentence":"This legal agreement binds the signatories to carry out the defined activities and to provide specific resources over a fixed period of time in order to reach agreed objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design legal agreement bind signatory carry defined activity provide specific resource fixed period time order reach agreed objective ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"1 PRA uses group animation and exercises to obtain information. Using PRA methods, local people carry out the data collection and analysis, with outsiders assisting with the process rather than control\u00ad ling it. This approach brings about shared learning between local people and outsiders; emphasizes local knowledge; and enables local people to make their own appraisal, analysis and plans. PRA was originally developed so as to enable development practitioners, government officials and local people to work together to plan context\u00adappropriate programmes. PRA\u00adtype exercises can also be used in other contexts such as in planning for DDR. \\n 2 LCA \u2013 Lusaka Ceasefire Accords, 1999; SCA \u2013 Sun City Accord, April 2002; DRA \u2013 DRC\/Rwanda Accords, July 2002. \\n 3 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 4 DRC authorities. \\n 5 Privileged source. \\n 6 Unverified information. \\n 7 UNDP\/IOM registration records. \\n 8 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 9 Government of Uganda sources, United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC). \\n 10 FNL estimated at 3,000 men (UNDP D3 report), located mainly in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":521, "Sentence":"1 PRA uses group animation and exercises to obtain information.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design 1 pra us group animation exercise obtain information ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"1 PRA uses group animation and exercises to obtain information. Using PRA methods, local people carry out the data collection and analysis, with outsiders assisting with the process rather than control\u00ad ling it. This approach brings about shared learning between local people and outsiders; emphasizes local knowledge; and enables local people to make their own appraisal, analysis and plans. PRA was originally developed so as to enable development practitioners, government officials and local people to work together to plan context\u00adappropriate programmes. PRA\u00adtype exercises can also be used in other contexts such as in planning for DDR. \\n 2 LCA \u2013 Lusaka Ceasefire Accords, 1999; SCA \u2013 Sun City Accord, April 2002; DRA \u2013 DRC\/Rwanda Accords, July 2002. \\n 3 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 4 DRC authorities. \\n 5 Privileged source. \\n 6 Unverified information. \\n 7 UNDP\/IOM registration records. \\n 8 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 9 Government of Uganda sources, United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC). \\n 10 FNL estimated at 3,000 men (UNDP D3 report), located mainly in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":521, "Sentence":"Using PRA methods, local people carry out the data collection and analysis, with outsiders assisting with the process rather than control\u00ad ling it.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design using pra method local people carry data collection analysis outsider assisting process rather control\u00ad ling ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"1 PRA uses group animation and exercises to obtain information. Using PRA methods, local people carry out the data collection and analysis, with outsiders assisting with the process rather than control\u00ad ling it. This approach brings about shared learning between local people and outsiders; emphasizes local knowledge; and enables local people to make their own appraisal, analysis and plans. PRA was originally developed so as to enable development practitioners, government officials and local people to work together to plan context\u00adappropriate programmes. PRA\u00adtype exercises can also be used in other contexts such as in planning for DDR. \\n 2 LCA \u2013 Lusaka Ceasefire Accords, 1999; SCA \u2013 Sun City Accord, April 2002; DRA \u2013 DRC\/Rwanda Accords, July 2002. \\n 3 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 4 DRC authorities. \\n 5 Privileged source. \\n 6 Unverified information. \\n 7 UNDP\/IOM registration records. \\n 8 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 9 Government of Uganda sources, United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC). \\n 10 FNL estimated at 3,000 men (UNDP D3 report), located mainly in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":521, "Sentence":"This approach brings about shared learning between local people and outsiders; emphasizes local knowledge; and enables local people to make their own appraisal, analysis and plans.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design approach brings shared learning local people outsider emphasizes local knowledge enables local people make appraisal analysis plan ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"1 PRA uses group animation and exercises to obtain information. Using PRA methods, local people carry out the data collection and analysis, with outsiders assisting with the process rather than control\u00ad ling it. This approach brings about shared learning between local people and outsiders; emphasizes local knowledge; and enables local people to make their own appraisal, analysis and plans. PRA was originally developed so as to enable development practitioners, government officials and local people to work together to plan context\u00adappropriate programmes. PRA\u00adtype exercises can also be used in other contexts such as in planning for DDR. \\n 2 LCA \u2013 Lusaka Ceasefire Accords, 1999; SCA \u2013 Sun City Accord, April 2002; DRA \u2013 DRC\/Rwanda Accords, July 2002. \\n 3 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 4 DRC authorities. \\n 5 Privileged source. \\n 6 Unverified information. \\n 7 UNDP\/IOM registration records. \\n 8 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 9 Government of Uganda sources, United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC). \\n 10 FNL estimated at 3,000 men (UNDP D3 report), located mainly in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":521, "Sentence":"PRA was originally developed so as to enable development practitioners, government officials and local people to work together to plan context\u00adappropriate programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design pra originally developed enable development practitioner government official local people work together plan context\u00adappropriate programme ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"1 PRA uses group animation and exercises to obtain information. Using PRA methods, local people carry out the data collection and analysis, with outsiders assisting with the process rather than control\u00ad ling it. This approach brings about shared learning between local people and outsiders; emphasizes local knowledge; and enables local people to make their own appraisal, analysis and plans. PRA was originally developed so as to enable development practitioners, government officials and local people to work together to plan context\u00adappropriate programmes. PRA\u00adtype exercises can also be used in other contexts such as in planning for DDR. \\n 2 LCA \u2013 Lusaka Ceasefire Accords, 1999; SCA \u2013 Sun City Accord, April 2002; DRA \u2013 DRC\/Rwanda Accords, July 2002. \\n 3 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 4 DRC authorities. \\n 5 Privileged source. \\n 6 Unverified information. \\n 7 UNDP\/IOM registration records. \\n 8 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 9 Government of Uganda sources, United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC). \\n 10 FNL estimated at 3,000 men (UNDP D3 report), located mainly in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":521, "Sentence":"PRA\u00adtype exercises can also be used in other contexts such as in planning for DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design pra\u00adtype exercise also used context planning ddr ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"1 PRA uses group animation and exercises to obtain information. Using PRA methods, local people carry out the data collection and analysis, with outsiders assisting with the process rather than control\u00ad ling it. This approach brings about shared learning between local people and outsiders; emphasizes local knowledge; and enables local people to make their own appraisal, analysis and plans. PRA was originally developed so as to enable development practitioners, government officials and local people to work together to plan context\u00adappropriate programmes. PRA\u00adtype exercises can also be used in other contexts such as in planning for DDR. \\n 2 LCA \u2013 Lusaka Ceasefire Accords, 1999; SCA \u2013 Sun City Accord, April 2002; DRA \u2013 DRC\/Rwanda Accords, July 2002. \\n 3 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 4 DRC authorities. \\n 5 Privileged source. \\n 6 Unverified information. \\n 7 UNDP\/IOM registration records. \\n 8 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 9 Government of Uganda sources, United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC). \\n 10 FNL estimated at 3,000 men (UNDP D3 report), located mainly in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":521, "Sentence":"\\n 2 LCA \u2013 Lusaka Ceasefire Accords, 1999; SCA \u2013 Sun City Accord, April 2002; DRA \u2013 DRC\/Rwanda Accords, July 2002.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design n 2 lca \u2013 lusaka ceasefire accord 1999 sca \u2013 sun city accord april 2002 dra \u2013 drc\/rwanda accord july 2002 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"1 PRA uses group animation and exercises to obtain information. Using PRA methods, local people carry out the data collection and analysis, with outsiders assisting with the process rather than control\u00ad ling it. This approach brings about shared learning between local people and outsiders; emphasizes local knowledge; and enables local people to make their own appraisal, analysis and plans. PRA was originally developed so as to enable development practitioners, government officials and local people to work together to plan context\u00adappropriate programmes. PRA\u00adtype exercises can also be used in other contexts such as in planning for DDR. \\n 2 LCA \u2013 Lusaka Ceasefire Accords, 1999; SCA \u2013 Sun City Accord, April 2002; DRA \u2013 DRC\/Rwanda Accords, July 2002. \\n 3 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 4 DRC authorities. \\n 5 Privileged source. \\n 6 Unverified information. \\n 7 UNDP\/IOM registration records. \\n 8 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 9 Government of Uganda sources, United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC). \\n 10 FNL estimated at 3,000 men (UNDP D3 report), located mainly in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":521, "Sentence":"\\n 3 UNDP D3 report, 2001.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design n 3 undp d3 report 2001 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"1 PRA uses group animation and exercises to obtain information. Using PRA methods, local people carry out the data collection and analysis, with outsiders assisting with the process rather than control\u00ad ling it. This approach brings about shared learning between local people and outsiders; emphasizes local knowledge; and enables local people to make their own appraisal, analysis and plans. PRA was originally developed so as to enable development practitioners, government officials and local people to work together to plan context\u00adappropriate programmes. PRA\u00adtype exercises can also be used in other contexts such as in planning for DDR. \\n 2 LCA \u2013 Lusaka Ceasefire Accords, 1999; SCA \u2013 Sun City Accord, April 2002; DRA \u2013 DRC\/Rwanda Accords, July 2002. \\n 3 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 4 DRC authorities. \\n 5 Privileged source. \\n 6 Unverified information. \\n 7 UNDP\/IOM registration records. \\n 8 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 9 Government of Uganda sources, United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC). \\n 10 FNL estimated at 3,000 men (UNDP D3 report), located mainly in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":521, "Sentence":"\\n 4 DRC authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design n 4 drc authority ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"1 PRA uses group animation and exercises to obtain information. Using PRA methods, local people carry out the data collection and analysis, with outsiders assisting with the process rather than control\u00ad ling it. This approach brings about shared learning between local people and outsiders; emphasizes local knowledge; and enables local people to make their own appraisal, analysis and plans. PRA was originally developed so as to enable development practitioners, government officials and local people to work together to plan context\u00adappropriate programmes. PRA\u00adtype exercises can also be used in other contexts such as in planning for DDR. \\n 2 LCA \u2013 Lusaka Ceasefire Accords, 1999; SCA \u2013 Sun City Accord, April 2002; DRA \u2013 DRC\/Rwanda Accords, July 2002. \\n 3 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 4 DRC authorities. \\n 5 Privileged source. \\n 6 Unverified information. \\n 7 UNDP\/IOM registration records. \\n 8 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 9 Government of Uganda sources, United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC). \\n 10 FNL estimated at 3,000 men (UNDP D3 report), located mainly in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":521, "Sentence":"\\n 5 Privileged source.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design n 5 privileged source ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"1 PRA uses group animation and exercises to obtain information. Using PRA methods, local people carry out the data collection and analysis, with outsiders assisting with the process rather than control\u00ad ling it. This approach brings about shared learning between local people and outsiders; emphasizes local knowledge; and enables local people to make their own appraisal, analysis and plans. PRA was originally developed so as to enable development practitioners, government officials and local people to work together to plan context\u00adappropriate programmes. PRA\u00adtype exercises can also be used in other contexts such as in planning for DDR. \\n 2 LCA \u2013 Lusaka Ceasefire Accords, 1999; SCA \u2013 Sun City Accord, April 2002; DRA \u2013 DRC\/Rwanda Accords, July 2002. \\n 3 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 4 DRC authorities. \\n 5 Privileged source. \\n 6 Unverified information. \\n 7 UNDP\/IOM registration records. \\n 8 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 9 Government of Uganda sources, United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC). \\n 10 FNL estimated at 3,000 men (UNDP D3 report), located mainly in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":521, "Sentence":"\\n 6 Unverified information.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design n 6 unverified information ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"1 PRA uses group animation and exercises to obtain information. Using PRA methods, local people carry out the data collection and analysis, with outsiders assisting with the process rather than control\u00ad ling it. This approach brings about shared learning between local people and outsiders; emphasizes local knowledge; and enables local people to make their own appraisal, analysis and plans. PRA was originally developed so as to enable development practitioners, government officials and local people to work together to plan context\u00adappropriate programmes. PRA\u00adtype exercises can also be used in other contexts such as in planning for DDR. \\n 2 LCA \u2013 Lusaka Ceasefire Accords, 1999; SCA \u2013 Sun City Accord, April 2002; DRA \u2013 DRC\/Rwanda Accords, July 2002. \\n 3 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 4 DRC authorities. \\n 5 Privileged source. \\n 6 Unverified information. \\n 7 UNDP\/IOM registration records. \\n 8 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 9 Government of Uganda sources, United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC). \\n 10 FNL estimated at 3,000 men (UNDP D3 report), located mainly in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":521, "Sentence":"\\n 7 UNDP\/IOM registration records.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design n 7 undp\/iom registration record ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"1 PRA uses group animation and exercises to obtain information. Using PRA methods, local people carry out the data collection and analysis, with outsiders assisting with the process rather than control\u00ad ling it. This approach brings about shared learning between local people and outsiders; emphasizes local knowledge; and enables local people to make their own appraisal, analysis and plans. PRA was originally developed so as to enable development practitioners, government officials and local people to work together to plan context\u00adappropriate programmes. PRA\u00adtype exercises can also be used in other contexts such as in planning for DDR. \\n 2 LCA \u2013 Lusaka Ceasefire Accords, 1999; SCA \u2013 Sun City Accord, April 2002; DRA \u2013 DRC\/Rwanda Accords, July 2002. \\n 3 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 4 DRC authorities. \\n 5 Privileged source. \\n 6 Unverified information. \\n 7 UNDP\/IOM registration records. \\n 8 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 9 Government of Uganda sources, United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC). \\n 10 FNL estimated at 3,000 men (UNDP D3 report), located mainly in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":521, "Sentence":"\\n 8 UNDP D3 report, 2001.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design n 8 undp d3 report 2001 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"1 PRA uses group animation and exercises to obtain information. Using PRA methods, local people carry out the data collection and analysis, with outsiders assisting with the process rather than control\u00ad ling it. This approach brings about shared learning between local people and outsiders; emphasizes local knowledge; and enables local people to make their own appraisal, analysis and plans. PRA was originally developed so as to enable development practitioners, government officials and local people to work together to plan context\u00adappropriate programmes. PRA\u00adtype exercises can also be used in other contexts such as in planning for DDR. \\n 2 LCA \u2013 Lusaka Ceasefire Accords, 1999; SCA \u2013 Sun City Accord, April 2002; DRA \u2013 DRC\/Rwanda Accords, July 2002. \\n 3 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 4 DRC authorities. \\n 5 Privileged source. \\n 6 Unverified information. \\n 7 UNDP\/IOM registration records. \\n 8 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 9 Government of Uganda sources, United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC). \\n 10 FNL estimated at 3,000 men (UNDP D3 report), located mainly in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":521, "Sentence":"\\n 9 Government of Uganda sources, United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design n 9 government uganda source united nation organization mission democratic republic congo monuc ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.20-DDR-Programme-Design", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR Programme Design", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"1 PRA uses group animation and exercises to obtain information. Using PRA methods, local people carry out the data collection and analysis, with outsiders assisting with the process rather than control\u00ad ling it. This approach brings about shared learning between local people and outsiders; emphasizes local knowledge; and enables local people to make their own appraisal, analysis and plans. PRA was originally developed so as to enable development practitioners, government officials and local people to work together to plan context\u00adappropriate programmes. PRA\u00adtype exercises can also be used in other contexts such as in planning for DDR. \\n 2 LCA \u2013 Lusaka Ceasefire Accords, 1999; SCA \u2013 Sun City Accord, April 2002; DRA \u2013 DRC\/Rwanda Accords, July 2002. \\n 3 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 4 DRC authorities. \\n 5 Privileged source. \\n 6 Unverified information. \\n 7 UNDP\/IOM registration records. \\n 8 UNDP D3 report, 2001. \\n 9 Government of Uganda sources, United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC). \\n 10 FNL estimated at 3,000 men (UNDP D3 report), located mainly in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":521, "Sentence":"\\n 10 FNL estimated at 3,000 men (UNDP D3 report), located mainly in Burundi.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR Programme Design n 10 fnl estimated 3000 men undp d3 report located mainly burundi ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) are all complex and sensitively linked processes that demand considerable human and financial resources to plan, imple- ment and monitor. Given the many different actors involved in the various stages of DDR, and the fact that its phases are interdependent, integrated planning, effective coordination and coherent reporting arrangements are essential. Past experiences have highlighted the need for the various actors involved in planning and implementing DDR, and monitoring its impacts, to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources.This module provides guidelines for improving inter-agency cooperation in the planning of DDR programmes and operations. The module shows how successful implementation can be achieved through an inclusive process of assessment and analysis that provides the basis for the formulation of a comprehensive programme framework and operational plan. This mechanism is known as the \u2018planning cycle\u2019, and originates from both the inte- grated mission planning process (IMPP) and post-conflict United Nations (UN) country team planning mechanisms.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":522, "Sentence":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) are all complex and sensitively linked processes that demand considerable human and financial resources to plan, imple- ment and monitor.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures disarmament demobilization reintegration ddr complex sensitively linked process demand considerable human financial resource plan imple ment monitor ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) are all complex and sensitively linked processes that demand considerable human and financial resources to plan, imple- ment and monitor. Given the many different actors involved in the various stages of DDR, and the fact that its phases are interdependent, integrated planning, effective coordination and coherent reporting arrangements are essential. Past experiences have highlighted the need for the various actors involved in planning and implementing DDR, and monitoring its impacts, to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources.This module provides guidelines for improving inter-agency cooperation in the planning of DDR programmes and operations. The module shows how successful implementation can be achieved through an inclusive process of assessment and analysis that provides the basis for the formulation of a comprehensive programme framework and operational plan. This mechanism is known as the \u2018planning cycle\u2019, and originates from both the inte- grated mission planning process (IMPP) and post-conflict United Nations (UN) country team planning mechanisms.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":522, "Sentence":"Given the many different actors involved in the various stages of DDR, and the fact that its phases are interdependent, integrated planning, effective coordination and coherent reporting arrangements are essential.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures given many different actor involved various stage ddr fact phase interdependent integrated planning effective coordination coherent reporting arrangement essential ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) are all complex and sensitively linked processes that demand considerable human and financial resources to plan, imple- ment and monitor. Given the many different actors involved in the various stages of DDR, and the fact that its phases are interdependent, integrated planning, effective coordination and coherent reporting arrangements are essential. Past experiences have highlighted the need for the various actors involved in planning and implementing DDR, and monitoring its impacts, to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources.This module provides guidelines for improving inter-agency cooperation in the planning of DDR programmes and operations. The module shows how successful implementation can be achieved through an inclusive process of assessment and analysis that provides the basis for the formulation of a comprehensive programme framework and operational plan. This mechanism is known as the \u2018planning cycle\u2019, and originates from both the inte- grated mission planning process (IMPP) and post-conflict United Nations (UN) country team planning mechanisms.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":522, "Sentence":"Past experiences have highlighted the need for the various actors involved in planning and implementing DDR, and monitoring its impacts, to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources.This module provides guidelines for improving inter-agency cooperation in the planning of DDR programmes and operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures past experience highlighted need various actor involved planning implementing ddr monitoring impact work together complementary way avoids unnecessary duplication effort competition fund resources.this module provides guideline improving interagency cooperation planning ddr programme operation ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) are all complex and sensitively linked processes that demand considerable human and financial resources to plan, imple- ment and monitor. Given the many different actors involved in the various stages of DDR, and the fact that its phases are interdependent, integrated planning, effective coordination and coherent reporting arrangements are essential. Past experiences have highlighted the need for the various actors involved in planning and implementing DDR, and monitoring its impacts, to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources.This module provides guidelines for improving inter-agency cooperation in the planning of DDR programmes and operations. The module shows how successful implementation can be achieved through an inclusive process of assessment and analysis that provides the basis for the formulation of a comprehensive programme framework and operational plan. This mechanism is known as the \u2018planning cycle\u2019, and originates from both the inte- grated mission planning process (IMPP) and post-conflict United Nations (UN) country team planning mechanisms.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":522, "Sentence":"The module shows how successful implementation can be achieved through an inclusive process of assessment and analysis that provides the basis for the formulation of a comprehensive programme framework and operational plan.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures module show successful implementation achieved inclusive process assessment analysis provides basis formulation comprehensive programme framework operational plan ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) are all complex and sensitively linked processes that demand considerable human and financial resources to plan, imple- ment and monitor. Given the many different actors involved in the various stages of DDR, and the fact that its phases are interdependent, integrated planning, effective coordination and coherent reporting arrangements are essential. Past experiences have highlighted the need for the various actors involved in planning and implementing DDR, and monitoring its impacts, to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources.This module provides guidelines for improving inter-agency cooperation in the planning of DDR programmes and operations. The module shows how successful implementation can be achieved through an inclusive process of assessment and analysis that provides the basis for the formulation of a comprehensive programme framework and operational plan. This mechanism is known as the \u2018planning cycle\u2019, and originates from both the inte- grated mission planning process (IMPP) and post-conflict United Nations (UN) country team planning mechanisms.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":522, "Sentence":"This mechanism is known as the \u2018planning cycle\u2019, and originates from both the inte- grated mission planning process (IMPP) and post-conflict United Nations (UN) country team planning mechanisms.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures mechanism known \u2018 planning cycle \u2019 originates inte grated mission planning process impp postconflict united nation un country team planning mechanism ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module outlines a general planning process and framework for providing and struc- turing UN support for national DDR efforts in a peacekeeping environment. This planning process covers the actions carried out by DDR practitioners from the time a conflict or crisis is put on the agenda of the Security Council to the time a peacekeeping mission is formally established by a Security Council resolution, with such a resolution assigning the peace- keeping mission a role in DDR. This module also covers the broader institutional requirements for planning post-mission DDR support. (See IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for more detailed coverage of the development of DDR programme and implementation frameworks.)The planning process and requirements given in this module are intended to serve as a general guide. A number of factors will affect the various planning processes, including: \\n The pace and duration of a peace process: A drawn-out peace process gives the UN, and the international community generally, more time to consult, plan and develop pro- grammes for later implementation (the Sudanese peace process is a good example); \\n Contextual and local realities: The dynamics and consequences of conflict; the attitudes of the actors and other parties associated with it; and post-conflict social, economic and institutional capacities will affect planning for DDR, and have an impact on the strategic orientation of UN support; \\n National capacities for DDR: The extent of pre-existing national and institutional capacities in the conflict-affected country to plan and implement DDR will considerably affect the nature of UN support and, consequently, planning requirements. Planning for DDR in contexts with weak or non-existent national institutions will differ greatly from planning DDR in contexts with stable and effective national institutions; \\n The role of the UN: How the role of the UN is defined in general terms, and for DDR specifically, will depend on the extent of responsibility and direct involvement assumed by national actors, and the UN\u2019s own capacity to complement and support these efforts. This role definition will directly influence the scope and nature of the UN\u2019s engagement in DDR, and hence requirements for planning; \\n Interaction with other international and regional actors: The presence and need to collaborate with international or regional actors (e.g., the European Union, NATO, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States) with a current or potential role in the management of the conflict will affect the general planning process.In addition, this module provides guidance on: \\n adapting the DDR planning process to the broader framework of mission and UN country team planning in post-conflict contexts; \\n linking the UN planning process to national DDR planning processes; \\n the chronological stages and sequencing (i.e., the ordering of activities over time) of DDR planning activities; \\n the different aspects and products of the planning process, including its political (peace process and Security Council mandate), programmatic\/operational and organizational\/ institutional dimensions; \\n the institutional capacities required at both Headquarters and country levels to ensure an efficient and integrated UN planning process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":523, "Sentence":"This module outlines a general planning process and framework for providing and struc- turing UN support for national DDR efforts in a peacekeeping environment.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures module outline general planning process framework providing struc turing un support national ddr effort peacekeeping environment ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module outlines a general planning process and framework for providing and struc- turing UN support for national DDR efforts in a peacekeeping environment. This planning process covers the actions carried out by DDR practitioners from the time a conflict or crisis is put on the agenda of the Security Council to the time a peacekeeping mission is formally established by a Security Council resolution, with such a resolution assigning the peace- keeping mission a role in DDR. This module also covers the broader institutional requirements for planning post-mission DDR support. (See IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for more detailed coverage of the development of DDR programme and implementation frameworks.)The planning process and requirements given in this module are intended to serve as a general guide. A number of factors will affect the various planning processes, including: \\n The pace and duration of a peace process: A drawn-out peace process gives the UN, and the international community generally, more time to consult, plan and develop pro- grammes for later implementation (the Sudanese peace process is a good example); \\n Contextual and local realities: The dynamics and consequences of conflict; the attitudes of the actors and other parties associated with it; and post-conflict social, economic and institutional capacities will affect planning for DDR, and have an impact on the strategic orientation of UN support; \\n National capacities for DDR: The extent of pre-existing national and institutional capacities in the conflict-affected country to plan and implement DDR will considerably affect the nature of UN support and, consequently, planning requirements. Planning for DDR in contexts with weak or non-existent national institutions will differ greatly from planning DDR in contexts with stable and effective national institutions; \\n The role of the UN: How the role of the UN is defined in general terms, and for DDR specifically, will depend on the extent of responsibility and direct involvement assumed by national actors, and the UN\u2019s own capacity to complement and support these efforts. This role definition will directly influence the scope and nature of the UN\u2019s engagement in DDR, and hence requirements for planning; \\n Interaction with other international and regional actors: The presence and need to collaborate with international or regional actors (e.g., the European Union, NATO, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States) with a current or potential role in the management of the conflict will affect the general planning process.In addition, this module provides guidance on: \\n adapting the DDR planning process to the broader framework of mission and UN country team planning in post-conflict contexts; \\n linking the UN planning process to national DDR planning processes; \\n the chronological stages and sequencing (i.e., the ordering of activities over time) of DDR planning activities; \\n the different aspects and products of the planning process, including its political (peace process and Security Council mandate), programmatic\/operational and organizational\/ institutional dimensions; \\n the institutional capacities required at both Headquarters and country levels to ensure an efficient and integrated UN planning process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":523, "Sentence":"This planning process covers the actions carried out by DDR practitioners from the time a conflict or crisis is put on the agenda of the Security Council to the time a peacekeeping mission is formally established by a Security Council resolution, with such a resolution assigning the peace- keeping mission a role in DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures planning process cover action carried ddr practitioner time conflict crisis put agenda security council time peacekeeping mission formally established security council resolution resolution assigning peace keeping mission role ddr ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module outlines a general planning process and framework for providing and struc- turing UN support for national DDR efforts in a peacekeeping environment. This planning process covers the actions carried out by DDR practitioners from the time a conflict or crisis is put on the agenda of the Security Council to the time a peacekeeping mission is formally established by a Security Council resolution, with such a resolution assigning the peace- keeping mission a role in DDR. This module also covers the broader institutional requirements for planning post-mission DDR support. (See IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for more detailed coverage of the development of DDR programme and implementation frameworks.)The planning process and requirements given in this module are intended to serve as a general guide. A number of factors will affect the various planning processes, including: \\n The pace and duration of a peace process: A drawn-out peace process gives the UN, and the international community generally, more time to consult, plan and develop pro- grammes for later implementation (the Sudanese peace process is a good example); \\n Contextual and local realities: The dynamics and consequences of conflict; the attitudes of the actors and other parties associated with it; and post-conflict social, economic and institutional capacities will affect planning for DDR, and have an impact on the strategic orientation of UN support; \\n National capacities for DDR: The extent of pre-existing national and institutional capacities in the conflict-affected country to plan and implement DDR will considerably affect the nature of UN support and, consequently, planning requirements. Planning for DDR in contexts with weak or non-existent national institutions will differ greatly from planning DDR in contexts with stable and effective national institutions; \\n The role of the UN: How the role of the UN is defined in general terms, and for DDR specifically, will depend on the extent of responsibility and direct involvement assumed by national actors, and the UN\u2019s own capacity to complement and support these efforts. This role definition will directly influence the scope and nature of the UN\u2019s engagement in DDR, and hence requirements for planning; \\n Interaction with other international and regional actors: The presence and need to collaborate with international or regional actors (e.g., the European Union, NATO, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States) with a current or potential role in the management of the conflict will affect the general planning process.In addition, this module provides guidance on: \\n adapting the DDR planning process to the broader framework of mission and UN country team planning in post-conflict contexts; \\n linking the UN planning process to national DDR planning processes; \\n the chronological stages and sequencing (i.e., the ordering of activities over time) of DDR planning activities; \\n the different aspects and products of the planning process, including its political (peace process and Security Council mandate), programmatic\/operational and organizational\/ institutional dimensions; \\n the institutional capacities required at both Headquarters and country levels to ensure an efficient and integrated UN planning process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":523, "Sentence":"This module also covers the broader institutional requirements for planning post-mission DDR support.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures module also cover broader institutional requirement planning postmission ddr support ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module outlines a general planning process and framework for providing and struc- turing UN support for national DDR efforts in a peacekeeping environment. This planning process covers the actions carried out by DDR practitioners from the time a conflict or crisis is put on the agenda of the Security Council to the time a peacekeeping mission is formally established by a Security Council resolution, with such a resolution assigning the peace- keeping mission a role in DDR. This module also covers the broader institutional requirements for planning post-mission DDR support. (See IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for more detailed coverage of the development of DDR programme and implementation frameworks.)The planning process and requirements given in this module are intended to serve as a general guide. A number of factors will affect the various planning processes, including: \\n The pace and duration of a peace process: A drawn-out peace process gives the UN, and the international community generally, more time to consult, plan and develop pro- grammes for later implementation (the Sudanese peace process is a good example); \\n Contextual and local realities: The dynamics and consequences of conflict; the attitudes of the actors and other parties associated with it; and post-conflict social, economic and institutional capacities will affect planning for DDR, and have an impact on the strategic orientation of UN support; \\n National capacities for DDR: The extent of pre-existing national and institutional capacities in the conflict-affected country to plan and implement DDR will considerably affect the nature of UN support and, consequently, planning requirements. Planning for DDR in contexts with weak or non-existent national institutions will differ greatly from planning DDR in contexts with stable and effective national institutions; \\n The role of the UN: How the role of the UN is defined in general terms, and for DDR specifically, will depend on the extent of responsibility and direct involvement assumed by national actors, and the UN\u2019s own capacity to complement and support these efforts. This role definition will directly influence the scope and nature of the UN\u2019s engagement in DDR, and hence requirements for planning; \\n Interaction with other international and regional actors: The presence and need to collaborate with international or regional actors (e.g., the European Union, NATO, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States) with a current or potential role in the management of the conflict will affect the general planning process.In addition, this module provides guidance on: \\n adapting the DDR planning process to the broader framework of mission and UN country team planning in post-conflict contexts; \\n linking the UN planning process to national DDR planning processes; \\n the chronological stages and sequencing (i.e., the ordering of activities over time) of DDR planning activities; \\n the different aspects and products of the planning process, including its political (peace process and Security Council mandate), programmatic\/operational and organizational\/ institutional dimensions; \\n the institutional capacities required at both Headquarters and country levels to ensure an efficient and integrated UN planning process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":523, "Sentence":"(See IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for more detailed coverage of the development of DDR programme and implementation frameworks.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures see iddrs 3.20 ddr programme design detailed coverage development ddr programme implementation framework ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module outlines a general planning process and framework for providing and struc- turing UN support for national DDR efforts in a peacekeeping environment. This planning process covers the actions carried out by DDR practitioners from the time a conflict or crisis is put on the agenda of the Security Council to the time a peacekeeping mission is formally established by a Security Council resolution, with such a resolution assigning the peace- keeping mission a role in DDR. This module also covers the broader institutional requirements for planning post-mission DDR support. (See IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for more detailed coverage of the development of DDR programme and implementation frameworks.)The planning process and requirements given in this module are intended to serve as a general guide. A number of factors will affect the various planning processes, including: \\n The pace and duration of a peace process: A drawn-out peace process gives the UN, and the international community generally, more time to consult, plan and develop pro- grammes for later implementation (the Sudanese peace process is a good example); \\n Contextual and local realities: The dynamics and consequences of conflict; the attitudes of the actors and other parties associated with it; and post-conflict social, economic and institutional capacities will affect planning for DDR, and have an impact on the strategic orientation of UN support; \\n National capacities for DDR: The extent of pre-existing national and institutional capacities in the conflict-affected country to plan and implement DDR will considerably affect the nature of UN support and, consequently, planning requirements. Planning for DDR in contexts with weak or non-existent national institutions will differ greatly from planning DDR in contexts with stable and effective national institutions; \\n The role of the UN: How the role of the UN is defined in general terms, and for DDR specifically, will depend on the extent of responsibility and direct involvement assumed by national actors, and the UN\u2019s own capacity to complement and support these efforts. This role definition will directly influence the scope and nature of the UN\u2019s engagement in DDR, and hence requirements for planning; \\n Interaction with other international and regional actors: The presence and need to collaborate with international or regional actors (e.g., the European Union, NATO, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States) with a current or potential role in the management of the conflict will affect the general planning process.In addition, this module provides guidance on: \\n adapting the DDR planning process to the broader framework of mission and UN country team planning in post-conflict contexts; \\n linking the UN planning process to national DDR planning processes; \\n the chronological stages and sequencing (i.e., the ordering of activities over time) of DDR planning activities; \\n the different aspects and products of the planning process, including its political (peace process and Security Council mandate), programmatic\/operational and organizational\/ institutional dimensions; \\n the institutional capacities required at both Headquarters and country levels to ensure an efficient and integrated UN planning process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":523, "Sentence":")The planning process and requirements given in this module are intended to serve as a general guide.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures planning process requirement given module intended serve general guide ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module outlines a general planning process and framework for providing and struc- turing UN support for national DDR efforts in a peacekeeping environment. This planning process covers the actions carried out by DDR practitioners from the time a conflict or crisis is put on the agenda of the Security Council to the time a peacekeeping mission is formally established by a Security Council resolution, with such a resolution assigning the peace- keeping mission a role in DDR. This module also covers the broader institutional requirements for planning post-mission DDR support. (See IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for more detailed coverage of the development of DDR programme and implementation frameworks.)The planning process and requirements given in this module are intended to serve as a general guide. A number of factors will affect the various planning processes, including: \\n The pace and duration of a peace process: A drawn-out peace process gives the UN, and the international community generally, more time to consult, plan and develop pro- grammes for later implementation (the Sudanese peace process is a good example); \\n Contextual and local realities: The dynamics and consequences of conflict; the attitudes of the actors and other parties associated with it; and post-conflict social, economic and institutional capacities will affect planning for DDR, and have an impact on the strategic orientation of UN support; \\n National capacities for DDR: The extent of pre-existing national and institutional capacities in the conflict-affected country to plan and implement DDR will considerably affect the nature of UN support and, consequently, planning requirements. Planning for DDR in contexts with weak or non-existent national institutions will differ greatly from planning DDR in contexts with stable and effective national institutions; \\n The role of the UN: How the role of the UN is defined in general terms, and for DDR specifically, will depend on the extent of responsibility and direct involvement assumed by national actors, and the UN\u2019s own capacity to complement and support these efforts. This role definition will directly influence the scope and nature of the UN\u2019s engagement in DDR, and hence requirements for planning; \\n Interaction with other international and regional actors: The presence and need to collaborate with international or regional actors (e.g., the European Union, NATO, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States) with a current or potential role in the management of the conflict will affect the general planning process.In addition, this module provides guidance on: \\n adapting the DDR planning process to the broader framework of mission and UN country team planning in post-conflict contexts; \\n linking the UN planning process to national DDR planning processes; \\n the chronological stages and sequencing (i.e., the ordering of activities over time) of DDR planning activities; \\n the different aspects and products of the planning process, including its political (peace process and Security Council mandate), programmatic\/operational and organizational\/ institutional dimensions; \\n the institutional capacities required at both Headquarters and country levels to ensure an efficient and integrated UN planning process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":523, "Sentence":"A number of factors will affect the various planning processes, including: \\n The pace and duration of a peace process: A drawn-out peace process gives the UN, and the international community generally, more time to consult, plan and develop pro- grammes for later implementation (the Sudanese peace process is a good example); \\n Contextual and local realities: The dynamics and consequences of conflict; the attitudes of the actors and other parties associated with it; and post-conflict social, economic and institutional capacities will affect planning for DDR, and have an impact on the strategic orientation of UN support; \\n National capacities for DDR: The extent of pre-existing national and institutional capacities in the conflict-affected country to plan and implement DDR will considerably affect the nature of UN support and, consequently, planning requirements.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures number factor affect various planning process including n pace duration peace process drawnout peace process give un international community generally time consult plan develop pro gramme later implementation sudanese peace process good example n contextual local reality dynamic consequence conflict attitude actor party associated postconflict social economic institutional capacity affect planning ddr impact strategic orientation un support n national capacity ddr extent preexisting national institutional capacity conflictaffected country plan implement ddr considerably affect nature un support consequently planning requirement ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module outlines a general planning process and framework for providing and struc- turing UN support for national DDR efforts in a peacekeeping environment. This planning process covers the actions carried out by DDR practitioners from the time a conflict or crisis is put on the agenda of the Security Council to the time a peacekeeping mission is formally established by a Security Council resolution, with such a resolution assigning the peace- keeping mission a role in DDR. This module also covers the broader institutional requirements for planning post-mission DDR support. (See IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for more detailed coverage of the development of DDR programme and implementation frameworks.)The planning process and requirements given in this module are intended to serve as a general guide. A number of factors will affect the various planning processes, including: \\n The pace and duration of a peace process: A drawn-out peace process gives the UN, and the international community generally, more time to consult, plan and develop pro- grammes for later implementation (the Sudanese peace process is a good example); \\n Contextual and local realities: The dynamics and consequences of conflict; the attitudes of the actors and other parties associated with it; and post-conflict social, economic and institutional capacities will affect planning for DDR, and have an impact on the strategic orientation of UN support; \\n National capacities for DDR: The extent of pre-existing national and institutional capacities in the conflict-affected country to plan and implement DDR will considerably affect the nature of UN support and, consequently, planning requirements. Planning for DDR in contexts with weak or non-existent national institutions will differ greatly from planning DDR in contexts with stable and effective national institutions; \\n The role of the UN: How the role of the UN is defined in general terms, and for DDR specifically, will depend on the extent of responsibility and direct involvement assumed by national actors, and the UN\u2019s own capacity to complement and support these efforts. This role definition will directly influence the scope and nature of the UN\u2019s engagement in DDR, and hence requirements for planning; \\n Interaction with other international and regional actors: The presence and need to collaborate with international or regional actors (e.g., the European Union, NATO, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States) with a current or potential role in the management of the conflict will affect the general planning process.In addition, this module provides guidance on: \\n adapting the DDR planning process to the broader framework of mission and UN country team planning in post-conflict contexts; \\n linking the UN planning process to national DDR planning processes; \\n the chronological stages and sequencing (i.e., the ordering of activities over time) of DDR planning activities; \\n the different aspects and products of the planning process, including its political (peace process and Security Council mandate), programmatic\/operational and organizational\/ institutional dimensions; \\n the institutional capacities required at both Headquarters and country levels to ensure an efficient and integrated UN planning process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":523, "Sentence":"Planning for DDR in contexts with weak or non-existent national institutions will differ greatly from planning DDR in contexts with stable and effective national institutions; \\n The role of the UN: How the role of the UN is defined in general terms, and for DDR specifically, will depend on the extent of responsibility and direct involvement assumed by national actors, and the UN\u2019s own capacity to complement and support these efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures planning ddr context weak nonexistent national institution differ greatly planning ddr context stable effective national institution n role un role un defined general term ddr specifically depend extent responsibility direct involvement assumed national actor un \u2019 capacity complement support effort ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module outlines a general planning process and framework for providing and struc- turing UN support for national DDR efforts in a peacekeeping environment. This planning process covers the actions carried out by DDR practitioners from the time a conflict or crisis is put on the agenda of the Security Council to the time a peacekeeping mission is formally established by a Security Council resolution, with such a resolution assigning the peace- keeping mission a role in DDR. This module also covers the broader institutional requirements for planning post-mission DDR support. (See IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for more detailed coverage of the development of DDR programme and implementation frameworks.)The planning process and requirements given in this module are intended to serve as a general guide. A number of factors will affect the various planning processes, including: \\n The pace and duration of a peace process: A drawn-out peace process gives the UN, and the international community generally, more time to consult, plan and develop pro- grammes for later implementation (the Sudanese peace process is a good example); \\n Contextual and local realities: The dynamics and consequences of conflict; the attitudes of the actors and other parties associated with it; and post-conflict social, economic and institutional capacities will affect planning for DDR, and have an impact on the strategic orientation of UN support; \\n National capacities for DDR: The extent of pre-existing national and institutional capacities in the conflict-affected country to plan and implement DDR will considerably affect the nature of UN support and, consequently, planning requirements. Planning for DDR in contexts with weak or non-existent national institutions will differ greatly from planning DDR in contexts with stable and effective national institutions; \\n The role of the UN: How the role of the UN is defined in general terms, and for DDR specifically, will depend on the extent of responsibility and direct involvement assumed by national actors, and the UN\u2019s own capacity to complement and support these efforts. This role definition will directly influence the scope and nature of the UN\u2019s engagement in DDR, and hence requirements for planning; \\n Interaction with other international and regional actors: The presence and need to collaborate with international or regional actors (e.g., the European Union, NATO, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States) with a current or potential role in the management of the conflict will affect the general planning process.In addition, this module provides guidance on: \\n adapting the DDR planning process to the broader framework of mission and UN country team planning in post-conflict contexts; \\n linking the UN planning process to national DDR planning processes; \\n the chronological stages and sequencing (i.e., the ordering of activities over time) of DDR planning activities; \\n the different aspects and products of the planning process, including its political (peace process and Security Council mandate), programmatic\/operational and organizational\/ institutional dimensions; \\n the institutional capacities required at both Headquarters and country levels to ensure an efficient and integrated UN planning process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":523, "Sentence":"This role definition will directly influence the scope and nature of the UN\u2019s engagement in DDR, and hence requirements for planning; \\n Interaction with other international and regional actors: The presence and need to collaborate with international or regional actors (e.g., the European Union, NATO, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States) with a current or potential role in the management of the conflict will affect the general planning process.In addition, this module provides guidance on: \\n adapting the DDR planning process to the broader framework of mission and UN country team planning in post-conflict contexts; \\n linking the UN planning process to national DDR planning processes; \\n the chronological stages and sequencing (i.e., the ordering of activities over time) of DDR planning activities; \\n the different aspects and products of the planning process, including its political (peace process and Security Council mandate), programmatic\/operational and organizational\/ institutional dimensions; \\n the institutional capacities required at both Headquarters and country levels to ensure an efficient and integrated UN planning process.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures role definition directly influence scope nature un \u2019 engagement ddr hence requirement planning n interaction international regional actor presence need collaborate international regional actor e.g . european union nato african union economic community west african state current potential role management conflict affect general planning process.in addition module provides guidance n adapting ddr planning process broader framework mission un country team planning postconflict context n linking un planning process national ddr planning process n chronological stage sequencing i.e . ordering activity time ddr planning activity n different aspect product planning process including political peace process security council mandate programmatic\/operational organizational\/ institutional dimension n institutional capacity required headquarters country level ensure efficient integrated un planning process ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of the abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards(IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":524, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of the abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures annex contains list abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of the abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards(IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":524, "Sentence":"A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards(IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures complete glossary term definition abbreviation used series integrated ddr standardsiddrs given iddrs 1.20.in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of the abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards(IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":524, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures use consistent language used international organization standardization standard guideline n \u201c \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of the abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards(IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":524, "Sentence":"\\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of the abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards(IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":524, "Sentence":"\\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action . \u201d" }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The ability of the UN to comprehensively and collectively plan its joint response to crisis has evolved considerably over the last decade. Nonetheless, the expansion of complex peacemaking, peacekeeping, humanitarian and peace-building tasks in complex internal conflicts, which often have regional repercussions, continues to demand an even earlier, closer and more structured process of planning among UN entities and partners.Meeting this demand for more structured planning is essential to delivering better DDR programmes, because DDR is a multisectoral, multi-stakeholder and multi-phase process requiring coordination and adequate links among various post-conflict planning mechanisms. The implementation of DDR programmes often requires difficult compromises and trade-offs among various political, security and development considerations. It also relies very much on establishing an appropriate balance between international involvement and national ownership.DDR programmes have a better chance of success when the DDR planning process starts early (preferably from the beginning of the peace process), builds on the accumulated experience and expertise of local actors, is based on a solid understanding of the conflict (causes, perpetrators, etc.), and deliberately encourages greater unity of effort among UN agencies and their community of partners.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":525, "Sentence":"The ability of the UN to comprehensively and collectively plan its joint response to crisis has evolved considerably over the last decade.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures ability un comprehensively collectively plan joint response crisis evolved considerably last decade ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The ability of the UN to comprehensively and collectively plan its joint response to crisis has evolved considerably over the last decade. Nonetheless, the expansion of complex peacemaking, peacekeeping, humanitarian and peace-building tasks in complex internal conflicts, which often have regional repercussions, continues to demand an even earlier, closer and more structured process of planning among UN entities and partners.Meeting this demand for more structured planning is essential to delivering better DDR programmes, because DDR is a multisectoral, multi-stakeholder and multi-phase process requiring coordination and adequate links among various post-conflict planning mechanisms. The implementation of DDR programmes often requires difficult compromises and trade-offs among various political, security and development considerations. It also relies very much on establishing an appropriate balance between international involvement and national ownership.DDR programmes have a better chance of success when the DDR planning process starts early (preferably from the beginning of the peace process), builds on the accumulated experience and expertise of local actors, is based on a solid understanding of the conflict (causes, perpetrators, etc.), and deliberately encourages greater unity of effort among UN agencies and their community of partners.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":525, "Sentence":"Nonetheless, the expansion of complex peacemaking, peacekeeping, humanitarian and peace-building tasks in complex internal conflicts, which often have regional repercussions, continues to demand an even earlier, closer and more structured process of planning among UN entities and partners.Meeting this demand for more structured planning is essential to delivering better DDR programmes, because DDR is a multisectoral, multi-stakeholder and multi-phase process requiring coordination and adequate links among various post-conflict planning mechanisms.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures nonetheless expansion complex peacemaking peacekeeping humanitarian peacebuilding task complex internal conflict often regional repercussion continues demand even earlier closer structured process planning among un entity partners.meeting demand structured planning essential delivering better ddr programme ddr multisectoral multistakeholder multiphase process requiring coordination adequate link among various postconflict planning mechanism ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The ability of the UN to comprehensively and collectively plan its joint response to crisis has evolved considerably over the last decade. Nonetheless, the expansion of complex peacemaking, peacekeeping, humanitarian and peace-building tasks in complex internal conflicts, which often have regional repercussions, continues to demand an even earlier, closer and more structured process of planning among UN entities and partners.Meeting this demand for more structured planning is essential to delivering better DDR programmes, because DDR is a multisectoral, multi-stakeholder and multi-phase process requiring coordination and adequate links among various post-conflict planning mechanisms. The implementation of DDR programmes often requires difficult compromises and trade-offs among various political, security and development considerations. It also relies very much on establishing an appropriate balance between international involvement and national ownership.DDR programmes have a better chance of success when the DDR planning process starts early (preferably from the beginning of the peace process), builds on the accumulated experience and expertise of local actors, is based on a solid understanding of the conflict (causes, perpetrators, etc.), and deliberately encourages greater unity of effort among UN agencies and their community of partners.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":525, "Sentence":"The implementation of DDR programmes often requires difficult compromises and trade-offs among various political, security and development considerations.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures implementation ddr programme often requires difficult compromise tradeoff among various political security development consideration ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The ability of the UN to comprehensively and collectively plan its joint response to crisis has evolved considerably over the last decade. Nonetheless, the expansion of complex peacemaking, peacekeeping, humanitarian and peace-building tasks in complex internal conflicts, which often have regional repercussions, continues to demand an even earlier, closer and more structured process of planning among UN entities and partners.Meeting this demand for more structured planning is essential to delivering better DDR programmes, because DDR is a multisectoral, multi-stakeholder and multi-phase process requiring coordination and adequate links among various post-conflict planning mechanisms. The implementation of DDR programmes often requires difficult compromises and trade-offs among various political, security and development considerations. It also relies very much on establishing an appropriate balance between international involvement and national ownership.DDR programmes have a better chance of success when the DDR planning process starts early (preferably from the beginning of the peace process), builds on the accumulated experience and expertise of local actors, is based on a solid understanding of the conflict (causes, perpetrators, etc.), and deliberately encourages greater unity of effort among UN agencies and their community of partners.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":525, "Sentence":"It also relies very much on establishing an appropriate balance between international involvement and national ownership.DDR programmes have a better chance of success when the DDR planning process starts early (preferably from the beginning of the peace process), builds on the accumulated experience and expertise of local actors, is based on a solid understanding of the conflict (causes, perpetrators, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures also relies much establishing appropriate balance international involvement national ownership.ddr programme better chance success ddr planning process start early preferably beginning peace process build accumulated experience expertise local actor based solid understanding conflict cause perpetrator etc ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The ability of the UN to comprehensively and collectively plan its joint response to crisis has evolved considerably over the last decade. Nonetheless, the expansion of complex peacemaking, peacekeeping, humanitarian and peace-building tasks in complex internal conflicts, which often have regional repercussions, continues to demand an even earlier, closer and more structured process of planning among UN entities and partners.Meeting this demand for more structured planning is essential to delivering better DDR programmes, because DDR is a multisectoral, multi-stakeholder and multi-phase process requiring coordination and adequate links among various post-conflict planning mechanisms. The implementation of DDR programmes often requires difficult compromises and trade-offs among various political, security and development considerations. It also relies very much on establishing an appropriate balance between international involvement and national ownership.DDR programmes have a better chance of success when the DDR planning process starts early (preferably from the beginning of the peace process), builds on the accumulated experience and expertise of local actors, is based on a solid understanding of the conflict (causes, perpetrators, etc.), and deliberately encourages greater unity of effort among UN agencies and their community of partners.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":525, "Sentence":"), and deliberately encourages greater unity of effort among UN agencies and their community of partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures deliberately encourages greater unity effort among un agency community partner ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The planning process for the DDR programmes is guided by the principles, key considerations and approaches defined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR. Of particular importance are: \\n Unity of effort: The achievement of unity of effort and integration is only possible with an inclusive and sound mission planning process involving all relevant UN agencies, departments, funds and programmes at both the Headquarters and field levels. DDR planning takes place within this broader integrated mission planning process; \\n Integration: The integrated approach to planning tries to develop, to the extent possible: \\n\\n a common framework (i.e., one that everyone involved uses) for developing, man- aging, funding and implementing a UN DDR strategy within the context of a peace mission; \\n\\n an integrated DDR management structure (unit or section), with the participation of staff from participating UN agencies and primary reporting lines to the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG) for humanitarian and development affairs. Such an approach should include the co-location of staff, infrastructure and resources, as this allows for increased efficiency and reduced overhead costs, and brings about more responsive planning, implementation and coordination; \\n\\n joint programmes that harness UN country team and mission resources into a single process and results-based approach to putting the DDR strategy into operation and achieving shared objectives; \\n\\n a single framework for managing multiple sources of funding, as well as for co- ordinating funding mechanisms, thus ensuring that resources are used to deal with common priorities and needs; Efficient and effective planning: At the planning stage, a common DDR strategy and work plan should be developed on the basis of joint assessments and evaluation. This should establish a set of operational objectives, activities and expected results that all UN entities involved in DDR will use as the basis for their programming and implemen- tation activities. A common resource mobilization strategy involving all participating UN entities should be established within the integrated DDR framework in order to prevent duplication, and ensure coordination with donors and national authorities, and coherent and efficient planning.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":526, "Sentence":"The planning process for the DDR programmes is guided by the principles, key considerations and approaches defined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures planning process ddr programme guided principle key consideration approach defined iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The planning process for the DDR programmes is guided by the principles, key considerations and approaches defined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR. Of particular importance are: \\n Unity of effort: The achievement of unity of effort and integration is only possible with an inclusive and sound mission planning process involving all relevant UN agencies, departments, funds and programmes at both the Headquarters and field levels. DDR planning takes place within this broader integrated mission planning process; \\n Integration: The integrated approach to planning tries to develop, to the extent possible: \\n\\n a common framework (i.e., one that everyone involved uses) for developing, man- aging, funding and implementing a UN DDR strategy within the context of a peace mission; \\n\\n an integrated DDR management structure (unit or section), with the participation of staff from participating UN agencies and primary reporting lines to the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG) for humanitarian and development affairs. Such an approach should include the co-location of staff, infrastructure and resources, as this allows for increased efficiency and reduced overhead costs, and brings about more responsive planning, implementation and coordination; \\n\\n joint programmes that harness UN country team and mission resources into a single process and results-based approach to putting the DDR strategy into operation and achieving shared objectives; \\n\\n a single framework for managing multiple sources of funding, as well as for co- ordinating funding mechanisms, thus ensuring that resources are used to deal with common priorities and needs; Efficient and effective planning: At the planning stage, a common DDR strategy and work plan should be developed on the basis of joint assessments and evaluation. This should establish a set of operational objectives, activities and expected results that all UN entities involved in DDR will use as the basis for their programming and implemen- tation activities. A common resource mobilization strategy involving all participating UN entities should be established within the integrated DDR framework in order to prevent duplication, and ensure coordination with donors and national authorities, and coherent and efficient planning.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":526, "Sentence":"Of particular importance are: \\n Unity of effort: The achievement of unity of effort and integration is only possible with an inclusive and sound mission planning process involving all relevant UN agencies, departments, funds and programmes at both the Headquarters and field levels.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures particular importance n unity effort achievement unity effort integration possible inclusive sound mission planning process involving relevant un agency department fund programme headquarters field level ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The planning process for the DDR programmes is guided by the principles, key considerations and approaches defined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR. Of particular importance are: \\n Unity of effort: The achievement of unity of effort and integration is only possible with an inclusive and sound mission planning process involving all relevant UN agencies, departments, funds and programmes at both the Headquarters and field levels. DDR planning takes place within this broader integrated mission planning process; \\n Integration: The integrated approach to planning tries to develop, to the extent possible: \\n\\n a common framework (i.e., one that everyone involved uses) for developing, man- aging, funding and implementing a UN DDR strategy within the context of a peace mission; \\n\\n an integrated DDR management structure (unit or section), with the participation of staff from participating UN agencies and primary reporting lines to the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG) for humanitarian and development affairs. Such an approach should include the co-location of staff, infrastructure and resources, as this allows for increased efficiency and reduced overhead costs, and brings about more responsive planning, implementation and coordination; \\n\\n joint programmes that harness UN country team and mission resources into a single process and results-based approach to putting the DDR strategy into operation and achieving shared objectives; \\n\\n a single framework for managing multiple sources of funding, as well as for co- ordinating funding mechanisms, thus ensuring that resources are used to deal with common priorities and needs; Efficient and effective planning: At the planning stage, a common DDR strategy and work plan should be developed on the basis of joint assessments and evaluation. This should establish a set of operational objectives, activities and expected results that all UN entities involved in DDR will use as the basis for their programming and implemen- tation activities. A common resource mobilization strategy involving all participating UN entities should be established within the integrated DDR framework in order to prevent duplication, and ensure coordination with donors and national authorities, and coherent and efficient planning.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":526, "Sentence":"DDR planning takes place within this broader integrated mission planning process; \\n Integration: The integrated approach to planning tries to develop, to the extent possible: \\n\\n a common framework (i.e., one that everyone involved uses) for developing, man- aging, funding and implementing a UN DDR strategy within the context of a peace mission; \\n\\n an integrated DDR management structure (unit or section), with the participation of staff from participating UN agencies and primary reporting lines to the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG) for humanitarian and development affairs.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures ddr planning take place within broader integrated mission planning process n integration integrated approach planning try develop extent possible nn common framework i.e . one everyone involved us developing man aging funding implementing un ddr strategy within context peace mission nn integrated ddr management structure unit section participation staff participating un agency primary reporting line deputy special representative secretarygeneral dsrsg humanitarian development affair ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The planning process for the DDR programmes is guided by the principles, key considerations and approaches defined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR. Of particular importance are: \\n Unity of effort: The achievement of unity of effort and integration is only possible with an inclusive and sound mission planning process involving all relevant UN agencies, departments, funds and programmes at both the Headquarters and field levels. DDR planning takes place within this broader integrated mission planning process; \\n Integration: The integrated approach to planning tries to develop, to the extent possible: \\n\\n a common framework (i.e., one that everyone involved uses) for developing, man- aging, funding and implementing a UN DDR strategy within the context of a peace mission; \\n\\n an integrated DDR management structure (unit or section), with the participation of staff from participating UN agencies and primary reporting lines to the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG) for humanitarian and development affairs. Such an approach should include the co-location of staff, infrastructure and resources, as this allows for increased efficiency and reduced overhead costs, and brings about more responsive planning, implementation and coordination; \\n\\n joint programmes that harness UN country team and mission resources into a single process and results-based approach to putting the DDR strategy into operation and achieving shared objectives; \\n\\n a single framework for managing multiple sources of funding, as well as for co- ordinating funding mechanisms, thus ensuring that resources are used to deal with common priorities and needs; Efficient and effective planning: At the planning stage, a common DDR strategy and work plan should be developed on the basis of joint assessments and evaluation. This should establish a set of operational objectives, activities and expected results that all UN entities involved in DDR will use as the basis for their programming and implemen- tation activities. A common resource mobilization strategy involving all participating UN entities should be established within the integrated DDR framework in order to prevent duplication, and ensure coordination with donors and national authorities, and coherent and efficient planning.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":526, "Sentence":"Such an approach should include the co-location of staff, infrastructure and resources, as this allows for increased efficiency and reduced overhead costs, and brings about more responsive planning, implementation and coordination; \\n\\n joint programmes that harness UN country team and mission resources into a single process and results-based approach to putting the DDR strategy into operation and achieving shared objectives; \\n\\n a single framework for managing multiple sources of funding, as well as for co- ordinating funding mechanisms, thus ensuring that resources are used to deal with common priorities and needs; Efficient and effective planning: At the planning stage, a common DDR strategy and work plan should be developed on the basis of joint assessments and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures approach include colocation staff infrastructure resource allows increased efficiency reduced overhead cost brings responsive planning implementation coordination nn joint programme harness un country team mission resource single process resultsbased approach putting ddr strategy operation achieving shared objective nn single framework managing multiple source funding well co ordinating funding mechanism thus ensuring resource used deal common priority need efficient effective planning planning stage common ddr strategy work plan developed basis joint assessment evaluation ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The planning process for the DDR programmes is guided by the principles, key considerations and approaches defined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR. Of particular importance are: \\n Unity of effort: The achievement of unity of effort and integration is only possible with an inclusive and sound mission planning process involving all relevant UN agencies, departments, funds and programmes at both the Headquarters and field levels. DDR planning takes place within this broader integrated mission planning process; \\n Integration: The integrated approach to planning tries to develop, to the extent possible: \\n\\n a common framework (i.e., one that everyone involved uses) for developing, man- aging, funding and implementing a UN DDR strategy within the context of a peace mission; \\n\\n an integrated DDR management structure (unit or section), with the participation of staff from participating UN agencies and primary reporting lines to the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG) for humanitarian and development affairs. Such an approach should include the co-location of staff, infrastructure and resources, as this allows for increased efficiency and reduced overhead costs, and brings about more responsive planning, implementation and coordination; \\n\\n joint programmes that harness UN country team and mission resources into a single process and results-based approach to putting the DDR strategy into operation and achieving shared objectives; \\n\\n a single framework for managing multiple sources of funding, as well as for co- ordinating funding mechanisms, thus ensuring that resources are used to deal with common priorities and needs; Efficient and effective planning: At the planning stage, a common DDR strategy and work plan should be developed on the basis of joint assessments and evaluation. This should establish a set of operational objectives, activities and expected results that all UN entities involved in DDR will use as the basis for their programming and implemen- tation activities. A common resource mobilization strategy involving all participating UN entities should be established within the integrated DDR framework in order to prevent duplication, and ensure coordination with donors and national authorities, and coherent and efficient planning.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":526, "Sentence":"This should establish a set of operational objectives, activities and expected results that all UN entities involved in DDR will use as the basis for their programming and implemen- tation activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures establish set operational objective activity expected result un entity involved ddr use basis programming implemen tation activity ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"The planning process for the DDR programmes is guided by the principles, key considerations and approaches defined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR. Of particular importance are: \\n Unity of effort: The achievement of unity of effort and integration is only possible with an inclusive and sound mission planning process involving all relevant UN agencies, departments, funds and programmes at both the Headquarters and field levels. DDR planning takes place within this broader integrated mission planning process; \\n Integration: The integrated approach to planning tries to develop, to the extent possible: \\n\\n a common framework (i.e., one that everyone involved uses) for developing, man- aging, funding and implementing a UN DDR strategy within the context of a peace mission; \\n\\n an integrated DDR management structure (unit or section), with the participation of staff from participating UN agencies and primary reporting lines to the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG) for humanitarian and development affairs. Such an approach should include the co-location of staff, infrastructure and resources, as this allows for increased efficiency and reduced overhead costs, and brings about more responsive planning, implementation and coordination; \\n\\n joint programmes that harness UN country team and mission resources into a single process and results-based approach to putting the DDR strategy into operation and achieving shared objectives; \\n\\n a single framework for managing multiple sources of funding, as well as for co- ordinating funding mechanisms, thus ensuring that resources are used to deal with common priorities and needs; Efficient and effective planning: At the planning stage, a common DDR strategy and work plan should be developed on the basis of joint assessments and evaluation. This should establish a set of operational objectives, activities and expected results that all UN entities involved in DDR will use as the basis for their programming and implemen- tation activities. A common resource mobilization strategy involving all participating UN entities should be established within the integrated DDR framework in order to prevent duplication, and ensure coordination with donors and national authorities, and coherent and efficient planning.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":526, "Sentence":"A common resource mobilization strategy involving all participating UN entities should be established within the integrated DDR framework in order to prevent duplication, and ensure coordination with donors and national authorities, and coherent and efficient planning.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures common resource mobilization strategy involving participating un entity established within integrated ddr framework order prevent duplication ensure coordination donor national authority coherent efficient planning ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"This section discusses integrated DDR planning in the context of planning for integrated UN peace operations, as well as broader peace-building efforts. These processes are currently under review by the UN system. While references are made to the existing integrated mission planning process (IMPP), the various steps that make up the process of integrated DDR planning (from the start of the crisis to the Security Council mandate) apply to whatever planning process the UN system eventually decides upon to guide its mission planning and peace-building support process. Where possible (and before the establishment of the Peace-building Support Office and the review of the IMPP), specific DDR planning issues are linked to the main phases or stages of mission and UN country team planning, to lay the foundations for integrated DDR planning in the UN system.At the moment, the planning cycle for integrated peace support missions is centred on the interdepartmental mission task force (IMTF) that is established for each mission. This forum includes representatives from all UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes. The IMTF provides an important link between the activities taking place on the ground and the planning cycle at Headquarters.Because planning time-frames will differ from mission to mission, it is not possible to say how long each phase will take. What is important is the sequence of planning stages, as well as how they correspond to the main stages of transitions from conflict to peace and sustainable development. The diagram below illustrates this:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":527, "Sentence":"This section discusses integrated DDR planning in the context of planning for integrated UN peace operations, as well as broader peace-building efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures section discus integrated ddr planning context planning integrated un peace operation well broader peacebuilding effort ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"This section discusses integrated DDR planning in the context of planning for integrated UN peace operations, as well as broader peace-building efforts. These processes are currently under review by the UN system. While references are made to the existing integrated mission planning process (IMPP), the various steps that make up the process of integrated DDR planning (from the start of the crisis to the Security Council mandate) apply to whatever planning process the UN system eventually decides upon to guide its mission planning and peace-building support process. Where possible (and before the establishment of the Peace-building Support Office and the review of the IMPP), specific DDR planning issues are linked to the main phases or stages of mission and UN country team planning, to lay the foundations for integrated DDR planning in the UN system.At the moment, the planning cycle for integrated peace support missions is centred on the interdepartmental mission task force (IMTF) that is established for each mission. This forum includes representatives from all UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes. The IMTF provides an important link between the activities taking place on the ground and the planning cycle at Headquarters.Because planning time-frames will differ from mission to mission, it is not possible to say how long each phase will take. What is important is the sequence of planning stages, as well as how they correspond to the main stages of transitions from conflict to peace and sustainable development. The diagram below illustrates this:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":527, "Sentence":"These processes are currently under review by the UN system.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures process currently review un system ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"This section discusses integrated DDR planning in the context of planning for integrated UN peace operations, as well as broader peace-building efforts. These processes are currently under review by the UN system. While references are made to the existing integrated mission planning process (IMPP), the various steps that make up the process of integrated DDR planning (from the start of the crisis to the Security Council mandate) apply to whatever planning process the UN system eventually decides upon to guide its mission planning and peace-building support process. Where possible (and before the establishment of the Peace-building Support Office and the review of the IMPP), specific DDR planning issues are linked to the main phases or stages of mission and UN country team planning, to lay the foundations for integrated DDR planning in the UN system.At the moment, the planning cycle for integrated peace support missions is centred on the interdepartmental mission task force (IMTF) that is established for each mission. This forum includes representatives from all UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes. The IMTF provides an important link between the activities taking place on the ground and the planning cycle at Headquarters.Because planning time-frames will differ from mission to mission, it is not possible to say how long each phase will take. What is important is the sequence of planning stages, as well as how they correspond to the main stages of transitions from conflict to peace and sustainable development. The diagram below illustrates this:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":527, "Sentence":"While references are made to the existing integrated mission planning process (IMPP), the various steps that make up the process of integrated DDR planning (from the start of the crisis to the Security Council mandate) apply to whatever planning process the UN system eventually decides upon to guide its mission planning and peace-building support process.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures reference made existing integrated mission planning process impp various step make process integrated ddr planning start crisis security council mandate apply whatever planning process un system eventually decides upon guide mission planning peacebuilding support process ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"This section discusses integrated DDR planning in the context of planning for integrated UN peace operations, as well as broader peace-building efforts. These processes are currently under review by the UN system. While references are made to the existing integrated mission planning process (IMPP), the various steps that make up the process of integrated DDR planning (from the start of the crisis to the Security Council mandate) apply to whatever planning process the UN system eventually decides upon to guide its mission planning and peace-building support process. Where possible (and before the establishment of the Peace-building Support Office and the review of the IMPP), specific DDR planning issues are linked to the main phases or stages of mission and UN country team planning, to lay the foundations for integrated DDR planning in the UN system.At the moment, the planning cycle for integrated peace support missions is centred on the interdepartmental mission task force (IMTF) that is established for each mission. This forum includes representatives from all UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes. The IMTF provides an important link between the activities taking place on the ground and the planning cycle at Headquarters.Because planning time-frames will differ from mission to mission, it is not possible to say how long each phase will take. What is important is the sequence of planning stages, as well as how they correspond to the main stages of transitions from conflict to peace and sustainable development. The diagram below illustrates this:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":527, "Sentence":"Where possible (and before the establishment of the Peace-building Support Office and the review of the IMPP), specific DDR planning issues are linked to the main phases or stages of mission and UN country team planning, to lay the foundations for integrated DDR planning in the UN system.At the moment, the planning cycle for integrated peace support missions is centred on the interdepartmental mission task force (IMTF) that is established for each mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures possible establishment peacebuilding support office review impp specific ddr planning issue linked main phase stage mission un country team planning lay foundation integrated ddr planning un system.at moment planning cycle integrated peace support mission centred interdepartmental mission task force imtf established mission ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"This section discusses integrated DDR planning in the context of planning for integrated UN peace operations, as well as broader peace-building efforts. These processes are currently under review by the UN system. While references are made to the existing integrated mission planning process (IMPP), the various steps that make up the process of integrated DDR planning (from the start of the crisis to the Security Council mandate) apply to whatever planning process the UN system eventually decides upon to guide its mission planning and peace-building support process. Where possible (and before the establishment of the Peace-building Support Office and the review of the IMPP), specific DDR planning issues are linked to the main phases or stages of mission and UN country team planning, to lay the foundations for integrated DDR planning in the UN system.At the moment, the planning cycle for integrated peace support missions is centred on the interdepartmental mission task force (IMTF) that is established for each mission. This forum includes representatives from all UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes. The IMTF provides an important link between the activities taking place on the ground and the planning cycle at Headquarters.Because planning time-frames will differ from mission to mission, it is not possible to say how long each phase will take. What is important is the sequence of planning stages, as well as how they correspond to the main stages of transitions from conflict to peace and sustainable development. The diagram below illustrates this:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":527, "Sentence":"This forum includes representatives from all UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures forum includes representative un department agency fund programme ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"This section discusses integrated DDR planning in the context of planning for integrated UN peace operations, as well as broader peace-building efforts. These processes are currently under review by the UN system. While references are made to the existing integrated mission planning process (IMPP), the various steps that make up the process of integrated DDR planning (from the start of the crisis to the Security Council mandate) apply to whatever planning process the UN system eventually decides upon to guide its mission planning and peace-building support process. Where possible (and before the establishment of the Peace-building Support Office and the review of the IMPP), specific DDR planning issues are linked to the main phases or stages of mission and UN country team planning, to lay the foundations for integrated DDR planning in the UN system.At the moment, the planning cycle for integrated peace support missions is centred on the interdepartmental mission task force (IMTF) that is established for each mission. This forum includes representatives from all UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes. The IMTF provides an important link between the activities taking place on the ground and the planning cycle at Headquarters.Because planning time-frames will differ from mission to mission, it is not possible to say how long each phase will take. What is important is the sequence of planning stages, as well as how they correspond to the main stages of transitions from conflict to peace and sustainable development. The diagram below illustrates this:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":527, "Sentence":"The IMTF provides an important link between the activities taking place on the ground and the planning cycle at Headquarters.Because planning time-frames will differ from mission to mission, it is not possible to say how long each phase will take.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures imtf provides important link activity taking place ground planning cycle headquarters.because planning timeframes differ mission mission possible say long phase take ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"This section discusses integrated DDR planning in the context of planning for integrated UN peace operations, as well as broader peace-building efforts. These processes are currently under review by the UN system. While references are made to the existing integrated mission planning process (IMPP), the various steps that make up the process of integrated DDR planning (from the start of the crisis to the Security Council mandate) apply to whatever planning process the UN system eventually decides upon to guide its mission planning and peace-building support process. Where possible (and before the establishment of the Peace-building Support Office and the review of the IMPP), specific DDR planning issues are linked to the main phases or stages of mission and UN country team planning, to lay the foundations for integrated DDR planning in the UN system.At the moment, the planning cycle for integrated peace support missions is centred on the interdepartmental mission task force (IMTF) that is established for each mission. This forum includes representatives from all UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes. The IMTF provides an important link between the activities taking place on the ground and the planning cycle at Headquarters.Because planning time-frames will differ from mission to mission, it is not possible to say how long each phase will take. What is important is the sequence of planning stages, as well as how they correspond to the main stages of transitions from conflict to peace and sustainable development. The diagram below illustrates this:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":527, "Sentence":"What is important is the sequence of planning stages, as well as how they correspond to the main stages of transitions from conflict to peace and sustainable development.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures important sequence planning stage well correspond main stage transition conflict peace sustainable development ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"This section discusses integrated DDR planning in the context of planning for integrated UN peace operations, as well as broader peace-building efforts. These processes are currently under review by the UN system. While references are made to the existing integrated mission planning process (IMPP), the various steps that make up the process of integrated DDR planning (from the start of the crisis to the Security Council mandate) apply to whatever planning process the UN system eventually decides upon to guide its mission planning and peace-building support process. Where possible (and before the establishment of the Peace-building Support Office and the review of the IMPP), specific DDR planning issues are linked to the main phases or stages of mission and UN country team planning, to lay the foundations for integrated DDR planning in the UN system.At the moment, the planning cycle for integrated peace support missions is centred on the interdepartmental mission task force (IMTF) that is established for each mission. This forum includes representatives from all UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes. The IMTF provides an important link between the activities taking place on the ground and the planning cycle at Headquarters.Because planning time-frames will differ from mission to mission, it is not possible to say how long each phase will take. What is important is the sequence of planning stages, as well as how they correspond to the main stages of transitions from conflict to peace and sustainable development. The diagram below illustrates this:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":527, "Sentence":"The diagram below illustrates this:", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures diagram illustrates" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.1. Phase I: Pre-planning and preparatory assistance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning phase of the UN\u2019s involvement in a post-conflict peacekeeping or peace-building context, the identification of an appropriate role for the UN in supporting DDR efforts should be based on timely assessments and analyses of the situation and its requirements. The early identification of potential entry points and strategic options for UN support is essential to ensuring the UN\u2019s capacity to respond efficiently and effectively. Integrated preparatory activities and pre-mission planning are vital to the delivery of that capacity. While there is no section\/unit at UN Headquarters with the specific role of coordinating integrated DDR planning at present, many of the following DDR pre-planning tasks can and should be coordinated by the lead planning depart- ment and key operational agencies of the UN country team. Activities that should be included in a preparatory assistance or pre- planning framework include:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":528, "Sentence":"During the pre-planning phase of the UN\u2019s involvement in a post-conflict peacekeeping or peace-building context, the identification of an appropriate role for the UN in supporting DDR efforts should be based on timely assessments and analyses of the situation and its requirements.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures preplanning phase un \u2019 involvement postconflict peacekeeping peacebuilding context identification appropriate role un supporting ddr effort based timely assessment analysis situation requirement ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.1. Phase I: Pre-planning and preparatory assistance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning phase of the UN\u2019s involvement in a post-conflict peacekeeping or peace-building context, the identification of an appropriate role for the UN in supporting DDR efforts should be based on timely assessments and analyses of the situation and its requirements. The early identification of potential entry points and strategic options for UN support is essential to ensuring the UN\u2019s capacity to respond efficiently and effectively. Integrated preparatory activities and pre-mission planning are vital to the delivery of that capacity. While there is no section\/unit at UN Headquarters with the specific role of coordinating integrated DDR planning at present, many of the following DDR pre-planning tasks can and should be coordinated by the lead planning depart- ment and key operational agencies of the UN country team. Activities that should be included in a preparatory assistance or pre- planning framework include:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":528, "Sentence":"The early identification of potential entry points and strategic options for UN support is essential to ensuring the UN\u2019s capacity to respond efficiently and effectively.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures early identification potential entry point strategic option un support essential ensuring un \u2019 capacity respond efficiently effectively ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.1. Phase I: Pre-planning and preparatory assistance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning phase of the UN\u2019s involvement in a post-conflict peacekeeping or peace-building context, the identification of an appropriate role for the UN in supporting DDR efforts should be based on timely assessments and analyses of the situation and its requirements. The early identification of potential entry points and strategic options for UN support is essential to ensuring the UN\u2019s capacity to respond efficiently and effectively. Integrated preparatory activities and pre-mission planning are vital to the delivery of that capacity. While there is no section\/unit at UN Headquarters with the specific role of coordinating integrated DDR planning at present, many of the following DDR pre-planning tasks can and should be coordinated by the lead planning depart- ment and key operational agencies of the UN country team. Activities that should be included in a preparatory assistance or pre- planning framework include:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":528, "Sentence":"Integrated preparatory activities and pre-mission planning are vital to the delivery of that capacity.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures integrated preparatory activity premission planning vital delivery capacity ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.1. Phase I: Pre-planning and preparatory assistance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning phase of the UN\u2019s involvement in a post-conflict peacekeeping or peace-building context, the identification of an appropriate role for the UN in supporting DDR efforts should be based on timely assessments and analyses of the situation and its requirements. The early identification of potential entry points and strategic options for UN support is essential to ensuring the UN\u2019s capacity to respond efficiently and effectively. Integrated preparatory activities and pre-mission planning are vital to the delivery of that capacity. While there is no section\/unit at UN Headquarters with the specific role of coordinating integrated DDR planning at present, many of the following DDR pre-planning tasks can and should be coordinated by the lead planning depart- ment and key operational agencies of the UN country team. Activities that should be included in a preparatory assistance or pre- planning framework include:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":528, "Sentence":"While there is no section\/unit at UN Headquarters with the specific role of coordinating integrated DDR planning at present, many of the following DDR pre-planning tasks can and should be coordinated by the lead planning depart- ment and key operational agencies of the UN country team.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures section\/unit un headquarters specific role coordinating integrated ddr planning present many following ddr preplanning task coordinated lead planning depart ment key operational agency un country team ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.1. Phase I: Pre-planning and preparatory assistance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning phase of the UN\u2019s involvement in a post-conflict peacekeeping or peace-building context, the identification of an appropriate role for the UN in supporting DDR efforts should be based on timely assessments and analyses of the situation and its requirements. The early identification of potential entry points and strategic options for UN support is essential to ensuring the UN\u2019s capacity to respond efficiently and effectively. Integrated preparatory activities and pre-mission planning are vital to the delivery of that capacity. While there is no section\/unit at UN Headquarters with the specific role of coordinating integrated DDR planning at present, many of the following DDR pre-planning tasks can and should be coordinated by the lead planning depart- ment and key operational agencies of the UN country team. Activities that should be included in a preparatory assistance or pre- planning framework include:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":528, "Sentence":"Activities that should be included in a preparatory assistance or pre- planning framework include:", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures activity included preparatory assistance pre planning framework include" }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.2. Phase II: Initial technical assessment and concept of operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning phase of the UN\u2019s involvement in a post-conflict peacekeeping or peace-building context, the identification of an appropriate role for the UN in supporting DDR efforts should be based on timely assessments and analyses of the situation and its requirements. The early identification of potential entry points and strategic options for UN support is essential to ensuring the UN\u2019s capacity to respond efficiently and effectively. Integrated preparatory activities and pre-mission planning are vital to the delivery of that capacity. While there is no section\/unit at UN Headquarters with the specific role of coordinating integrated DDR planning at present, many of the following DDR pre-planning tasks can and should be coordinated by the lead planning department and key operational agencies of the UN country team. Activities that should be included in a preparatory assistance or pre- planning framework include: \\n the development of an initial set of strategic options for or assessments of DDR, and the potential role of the UN in supporting DDR; \\n the provision of DDR technical advice to special envoys, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General or country-level UN staff within the context of peace negotiations or UN mediation; \\n the secondment of DDR specialists or hiring of private DDR consultants (sometimes funded by interested Member States) to assist during the peace process and provide strategic and policy advice to the UN and relevant national parties at country level for planning purposes; \\n the assignment of a UN country team to carry out exploratory DDR assessments and surveys as early as possible. These surveys and assessments include: conflict assess- ment; combatant needs assessments; the identification of reintegration opportunities; and labour and goods markets assessments; \\n assessing the in-country DDR planning and delivery capacity to support any DDR programme that might be set up (both UN and national institutional capacities); \\n contacting key donors and other international stakeholders on DDR issues with the aim of defining priorities and methods for information sharing and collaboration; \\n the early identification of potential key DDR personnel for the integrated DDR unit.Once the UN Security Council has requested the UN Secretary-General to present options for possible further UN involvement in supporting peacekeeping and peace-building in a particular country, planning enters a second stage, focusing on an initial technical assess- ment of the UN role and the preparation of a concept of operations for submission to the Security Council.In most cases, this process will be initiated through a multidimensional technical assess- ment mission fielded by the Secretary-General to develop the UN strategy in a conflict area. In this context, DDR is only one of several components such as political affairs, elections, public information, humanitarian assistance, military, security, civilian police, human rights, rule of law, gender equality, child protection, food security, HIV\/AIDS and other health matters, cross-border issues, reconstruction, governance, finance and logistic support.These multidisciplinary technical assessment missions shall integrate inputs from all relevant UN entities (in particular the UN country team), resulting in a joint UN concept of operations. Initial assessments by country-level agencies, together with pre-existing efforts or initiatives, should be used to provide information on which to base the technical assessment for DDR, which itself should be closely linked with other inter-agency processes established to assess immediate post-conflict needs.A well-prepared and well-conducted technical assessment should focus on: \\n the conditions and requirements for DDR; its relation to a peace agreement; \\n an assessment of national capacities; \\n the identification of options for UN support, including strategic objectives and the UN\u2019s operational role; \\n the role of DDR within the broader UN peace-building and mission strategy; \\n the role of UN support in relation to that of other national and international stakeholders.This initial technical assessment should be used as a basis for a more in-depth assessment required for programme design (also see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design). The results of this assessment should provide inputs to the Secretary-General\u2019s report and any Security Council resolutions and mission mandates that follow (see Annex B for a reference guide on conducting a DDR assessment mission).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":529, "Sentence":"During the pre-planning phase of the UN\u2019s involvement in a post-conflict peacekeeping or peace-building context, the identification of an appropriate role for the UN in supporting DDR efforts should be based on timely assessments and analyses of the situation and its requirements.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures preplanning phase un \u2019 involvement postconflict peacekeeping peacebuilding context identification appropriate role un supporting ddr effort based timely assessment analysis situation requirement ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.2. Phase II: Initial technical assessment and concept of operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning phase of the UN\u2019s involvement in a post-conflict peacekeeping or peace-building context, the identification of an appropriate role for the UN in supporting DDR efforts should be based on timely assessments and analyses of the situation and its requirements. The early identification of potential entry points and strategic options for UN support is essential to ensuring the UN\u2019s capacity to respond efficiently and effectively. Integrated preparatory activities and pre-mission planning are vital to the delivery of that capacity. While there is no section\/unit at UN Headquarters with the specific role of coordinating integrated DDR planning at present, many of the following DDR pre-planning tasks can and should be coordinated by the lead planning department and key operational agencies of the UN country team. Activities that should be included in a preparatory assistance or pre- planning framework include: \\n the development of an initial set of strategic options for or assessments of DDR, and the potential role of the UN in supporting DDR; \\n the provision of DDR technical advice to special envoys, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General or country-level UN staff within the context of peace negotiations or UN mediation; \\n the secondment of DDR specialists or hiring of private DDR consultants (sometimes funded by interested Member States) to assist during the peace process and provide strategic and policy advice to the UN and relevant national parties at country level for planning purposes; \\n the assignment of a UN country team to carry out exploratory DDR assessments and surveys as early as possible. These surveys and assessments include: conflict assess- ment; combatant needs assessments; the identification of reintegration opportunities; and labour and goods markets assessments; \\n assessing the in-country DDR planning and delivery capacity to support any DDR programme that might be set up (both UN and national institutional capacities); \\n contacting key donors and other international stakeholders on DDR issues with the aim of defining priorities and methods for information sharing and collaboration; \\n the early identification of potential key DDR personnel for the integrated DDR unit.Once the UN Security Council has requested the UN Secretary-General to present options for possible further UN involvement in supporting peacekeeping and peace-building in a particular country, planning enters a second stage, focusing on an initial technical assess- ment of the UN role and the preparation of a concept of operations for submission to the Security Council.In most cases, this process will be initiated through a multidimensional technical assess- ment mission fielded by the Secretary-General to develop the UN strategy in a conflict area. In this context, DDR is only one of several components such as political affairs, elections, public information, humanitarian assistance, military, security, civilian police, human rights, rule of law, gender equality, child protection, food security, HIV\/AIDS and other health matters, cross-border issues, reconstruction, governance, finance and logistic support.These multidisciplinary technical assessment missions shall integrate inputs from all relevant UN entities (in particular the UN country team), resulting in a joint UN concept of operations. Initial assessments by country-level agencies, together with pre-existing efforts or initiatives, should be used to provide information on which to base the technical assessment for DDR, which itself should be closely linked with other inter-agency processes established to assess immediate post-conflict needs.A well-prepared and well-conducted technical assessment should focus on: \\n the conditions and requirements for DDR; its relation to a peace agreement; \\n an assessment of national capacities; \\n the identification of options for UN support, including strategic objectives and the UN\u2019s operational role; \\n the role of DDR within the broader UN peace-building and mission strategy; \\n the role of UN support in relation to that of other national and international stakeholders.This initial technical assessment should be used as a basis for a more in-depth assessment required for programme design (also see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design). The results of this assessment should provide inputs to the Secretary-General\u2019s report and any Security Council resolutions and mission mandates that follow (see Annex B for a reference guide on conducting a DDR assessment mission).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":529, "Sentence":"The early identification of potential entry points and strategic options for UN support is essential to ensuring the UN\u2019s capacity to respond efficiently and effectively.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures early identification potential entry point strategic option un support essential ensuring un \u2019 capacity respond efficiently effectively ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.2. Phase II: Initial technical assessment and concept of operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning phase of the UN\u2019s involvement in a post-conflict peacekeeping or peace-building context, the identification of an appropriate role for the UN in supporting DDR efforts should be based on timely assessments and analyses of the situation and its requirements. The early identification of potential entry points and strategic options for UN support is essential to ensuring the UN\u2019s capacity to respond efficiently and effectively. Integrated preparatory activities and pre-mission planning are vital to the delivery of that capacity. While there is no section\/unit at UN Headquarters with the specific role of coordinating integrated DDR planning at present, many of the following DDR pre-planning tasks can and should be coordinated by the lead planning department and key operational agencies of the UN country team. Activities that should be included in a preparatory assistance or pre- planning framework include: \\n the development of an initial set of strategic options for or assessments of DDR, and the potential role of the UN in supporting DDR; \\n the provision of DDR technical advice to special envoys, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General or country-level UN staff within the context of peace negotiations or UN mediation; \\n the secondment of DDR specialists or hiring of private DDR consultants (sometimes funded by interested Member States) to assist during the peace process and provide strategic and policy advice to the UN and relevant national parties at country level for planning purposes; \\n the assignment of a UN country team to carry out exploratory DDR assessments and surveys as early as possible. These surveys and assessments include: conflict assess- ment; combatant needs assessments; the identification of reintegration opportunities; and labour and goods markets assessments; \\n assessing the in-country DDR planning and delivery capacity to support any DDR programme that might be set up (both UN and national institutional capacities); \\n contacting key donors and other international stakeholders on DDR issues with the aim of defining priorities and methods for information sharing and collaboration; \\n the early identification of potential key DDR personnel for the integrated DDR unit.Once the UN Security Council has requested the UN Secretary-General to present options for possible further UN involvement in supporting peacekeeping and peace-building in a particular country, planning enters a second stage, focusing on an initial technical assess- ment of the UN role and the preparation of a concept of operations for submission to the Security Council.In most cases, this process will be initiated through a multidimensional technical assess- ment mission fielded by the Secretary-General to develop the UN strategy in a conflict area. In this context, DDR is only one of several components such as political affairs, elections, public information, humanitarian assistance, military, security, civilian police, human rights, rule of law, gender equality, child protection, food security, HIV\/AIDS and other health matters, cross-border issues, reconstruction, governance, finance and logistic support.These multidisciplinary technical assessment missions shall integrate inputs from all relevant UN entities (in particular the UN country team), resulting in a joint UN concept of operations. Initial assessments by country-level agencies, together with pre-existing efforts or initiatives, should be used to provide information on which to base the technical assessment for DDR, which itself should be closely linked with other inter-agency processes established to assess immediate post-conflict needs.A well-prepared and well-conducted technical assessment should focus on: \\n the conditions and requirements for DDR; its relation to a peace agreement; \\n an assessment of national capacities; \\n the identification of options for UN support, including strategic objectives and the UN\u2019s operational role; \\n the role of DDR within the broader UN peace-building and mission strategy; \\n the role of UN support in relation to that of other national and international stakeholders.This initial technical assessment should be used as a basis for a more in-depth assessment required for programme design (also see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design). The results of this assessment should provide inputs to the Secretary-General\u2019s report and any Security Council resolutions and mission mandates that follow (see Annex B for a reference guide on conducting a DDR assessment mission).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":529, "Sentence":"Integrated preparatory activities and pre-mission planning are vital to the delivery of that capacity.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures integrated preparatory activity premission planning vital delivery capacity ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.2. Phase II: Initial technical assessment and concept of operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning phase of the UN\u2019s involvement in a post-conflict peacekeeping or peace-building context, the identification of an appropriate role for the UN in supporting DDR efforts should be based on timely assessments and analyses of the situation and its requirements. The early identification of potential entry points and strategic options for UN support is essential to ensuring the UN\u2019s capacity to respond efficiently and effectively. Integrated preparatory activities and pre-mission planning are vital to the delivery of that capacity. While there is no section\/unit at UN Headquarters with the specific role of coordinating integrated DDR planning at present, many of the following DDR pre-planning tasks can and should be coordinated by the lead planning department and key operational agencies of the UN country team. Activities that should be included in a preparatory assistance or pre- planning framework include: \\n the development of an initial set of strategic options for or assessments of DDR, and the potential role of the UN in supporting DDR; \\n the provision of DDR technical advice to special envoys, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General or country-level UN staff within the context of peace negotiations or UN mediation; \\n the secondment of DDR specialists or hiring of private DDR consultants (sometimes funded by interested Member States) to assist during the peace process and provide strategic and policy advice to the UN and relevant national parties at country level for planning purposes; \\n the assignment of a UN country team to carry out exploratory DDR assessments and surveys as early as possible. These surveys and assessments include: conflict assess- ment; combatant needs assessments; the identification of reintegration opportunities; and labour and goods markets assessments; \\n assessing the in-country DDR planning and delivery capacity to support any DDR programme that might be set up (both UN and national institutional capacities); \\n contacting key donors and other international stakeholders on DDR issues with the aim of defining priorities and methods for information sharing and collaboration; \\n the early identification of potential key DDR personnel for the integrated DDR unit.Once the UN Security Council has requested the UN Secretary-General to present options for possible further UN involvement in supporting peacekeeping and peace-building in a particular country, planning enters a second stage, focusing on an initial technical assess- ment of the UN role and the preparation of a concept of operations for submission to the Security Council.In most cases, this process will be initiated through a multidimensional technical assess- ment mission fielded by the Secretary-General to develop the UN strategy in a conflict area. In this context, DDR is only one of several components such as political affairs, elections, public information, humanitarian assistance, military, security, civilian police, human rights, rule of law, gender equality, child protection, food security, HIV\/AIDS and other health matters, cross-border issues, reconstruction, governance, finance and logistic support.These multidisciplinary technical assessment missions shall integrate inputs from all relevant UN entities (in particular the UN country team), resulting in a joint UN concept of operations. Initial assessments by country-level agencies, together with pre-existing efforts or initiatives, should be used to provide information on which to base the technical assessment for DDR, which itself should be closely linked with other inter-agency processes established to assess immediate post-conflict needs.A well-prepared and well-conducted technical assessment should focus on: \\n the conditions and requirements for DDR; its relation to a peace agreement; \\n an assessment of national capacities; \\n the identification of options for UN support, including strategic objectives and the UN\u2019s operational role; \\n the role of DDR within the broader UN peace-building and mission strategy; \\n the role of UN support in relation to that of other national and international stakeholders.This initial technical assessment should be used as a basis for a more in-depth assessment required for programme design (also see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design). The results of this assessment should provide inputs to the Secretary-General\u2019s report and any Security Council resolutions and mission mandates that follow (see Annex B for a reference guide on conducting a DDR assessment mission).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":529, "Sentence":"While there is no section\/unit at UN Headquarters with the specific role of coordinating integrated DDR planning at present, many of the following DDR pre-planning tasks can and should be coordinated by the lead planning department and key operational agencies of the UN country team.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures section\/unit un headquarters specific role coordinating integrated ddr planning present many following ddr preplanning task coordinated lead planning department key operational agency un country team ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.2. Phase II: Initial technical assessment and concept of operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning phase of the UN\u2019s involvement in a post-conflict peacekeeping or peace-building context, the identification of an appropriate role for the UN in supporting DDR efforts should be based on timely assessments and analyses of the situation and its requirements. The early identification of potential entry points and strategic options for UN support is essential to ensuring the UN\u2019s capacity to respond efficiently and effectively. Integrated preparatory activities and pre-mission planning are vital to the delivery of that capacity. While there is no section\/unit at UN Headquarters with the specific role of coordinating integrated DDR planning at present, many of the following DDR pre-planning tasks can and should be coordinated by the lead planning department and key operational agencies of the UN country team. Activities that should be included in a preparatory assistance or pre- planning framework include: \\n the development of an initial set of strategic options for or assessments of DDR, and the potential role of the UN in supporting DDR; \\n the provision of DDR technical advice to special envoys, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General or country-level UN staff within the context of peace negotiations or UN mediation; \\n the secondment of DDR specialists or hiring of private DDR consultants (sometimes funded by interested Member States) to assist during the peace process and provide strategic and policy advice to the UN and relevant national parties at country level for planning purposes; \\n the assignment of a UN country team to carry out exploratory DDR assessments and surveys as early as possible. These surveys and assessments include: conflict assess- ment; combatant needs assessments; the identification of reintegration opportunities; and labour and goods markets assessments; \\n assessing the in-country DDR planning and delivery capacity to support any DDR programme that might be set up (both UN and national institutional capacities); \\n contacting key donors and other international stakeholders on DDR issues with the aim of defining priorities and methods for information sharing and collaboration; \\n the early identification of potential key DDR personnel for the integrated DDR unit.Once the UN Security Council has requested the UN Secretary-General to present options for possible further UN involvement in supporting peacekeeping and peace-building in a particular country, planning enters a second stage, focusing on an initial technical assess- ment of the UN role and the preparation of a concept of operations for submission to the Security Council.In most cases, this process will be initiated through a multidimensional technical assess- ment mission fielded by the Secretary-General to develop the UN strategy in a conflict area. In this context, DDR is only one of several components such as political affairs, elections, public information, humanitarian assistance, military, security, civilian police, human rights, rule of law, gender equality, child protection, food security, HIV\/AIDS and other health matters, cross-border issues, reconstruction, governance, finance and logistic support.These multidisciplinary technical assessment missions shall integrate inputs from all relevant UN entities (in particular the UN country team), resulting in a joint UN concept of operations. Initial assessments by country-level agencies, together with pre-existing efforts or initiatives, should be used to provide information on which to base the technical assessment for DDR, which itself should be closely linked with other inter-agency processes established to assess immediate post-conflict needs.A well-prepared and well-conducted technical assessment should focus on: \\n the conditions and requirements for DDR; its relation to a peace agreement; \\n an assessment of national capacities; \\n the identification of options for UN support, including strategic objectives and the UN\u2019s operational role; \\n the role of DDR within the broader UN peace-building and mission strategy; \\n the role of UN support in relation to that of other national and international stakeholders.This initial technical assessment should be used as a basis for a more in-depth assessment required for programme design (also see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design). The results of this assessment should provide inputs to the Secretary-General\u2019s report and any Security Council resolutions and mission mandates that follow (see Annex B for a reference guide on conducting a DDR assessment mission).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":529, "Sentence":"Activities that should be included in a preparatory assistance or pre- planning framework include: \\n the development of an initial set of strategic options for or assessments of DDR, and the potential role of the UN in supporting DDR; \\n the provision of DDR technical advice to special envoys, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General or country-level UN staff within the context of peace negotiations or UN mediation; \\n the secondment of DDR specialists or hiring of private DDR consultants (sometimes funded by interested Member States) to assist during the peace process and provide strategic and policy advice to the UN and relevant national parties at country level for planning purposes; \\n the assignment of a UN country team to carry out exploratory DDR assessments and surveys as early as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures activity included preparatory assistance pre planning framework include n development initial set strategic option assessment ddr potential role un supporting ddr n provision ddr technical advice special envoy special representative secretarygeneral countrylevel un staff within context peace negotiation un mediation n secondment ddr specialist hiring private ddr consultant sometimes funded interested member state assist peace process provide strategic policy advice un relevant national party country level planning purpose n assignment un country team carry exploratory ddr assessment survey early possible ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.2. Phase II: Initial technical assessment and concept of operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning phase of the UN\u2019s involvement in a post-conflict peacekeeping or peace-building context, the identification of an appropriate role for the UN in supporting DDR efforts should be based on timely assessments and analyses of the situation and its requirements. The early identification of potential entry points and strategic options for UN support is essential to ensuring the UN\u2019s capacity to respond efficiently and effectively. Integrated preparatory activities and pre-mission planning are vital to the delivery of that capacity. While there is no section\/unit at UN Headquarters with the specific role of coordinating integrated DDR planning at present, many of the following DDR pre-planning tasks can and should be coordinated by the lead planning department and key operational agencies of the UN country team. Activities that should be included in a preparatory assistance or pre- planning framework include: \\n the development of an initial set of strategic options for or assessments of DDR, and the potential role of the UN in supporting DDR; \\n the provision of DDR technical advice to special envoys, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General or country-level UN staff within the context of peace negotiations or UN mediation; \\n the secondment of DDR specialists or hiring of private DDR consultants (sometimes funded by interested Member States) to assist during the peace process and provide strategic and policy advice to the UN and relevant national parties at country level for planning purposes; \\n the assignment of a UN country team to carry out exploratory DDR assessments and surveys as early as possible. These surveys and assessments include: conflict assess- ment; combatant needs assessments; the identification of reintegration opportunities; and labour and goods markets assessments; \\n assessing the in-country DDR planning and delivery capacity to support any DDR programme that might be set up (both UN and national institutional capacities); \\n contacting key donors and other international stakeholders on DDR issues with the aim of defining priorities and methods for information sharing and collaboration; \\n the early identification of potential key DDR personnel for the integrated DDR unit.Once the UN Security Council has requested the UN Secretary-General to present options for possible further UN involvement in supporting peacekeeping and peace-building in a particular country, planning enters a second stage, focusing on an initial technical assess- ment of the UN role and the preparation of a concept of operations for submission to the Security Council.In most cases, this process will be initiated through a multidimensional technical assess- ment mission fielded by the Secretary-General to develop the UN strategy in a conflict area. In this context, DDR is only one of several components such as political affairs, elections, public information, humanitarian assistance, military, security, civilian police, human rights, rule of law, gender equality, child protection, food security, HIV\/AIDS and other health matters, cross-border issues, reconstruction, governance, finance and logistic support.These multidisciplinary technical assessment missions shall integrate inputs from all relevant UN entities (in particular the UN country team), resulting in a joint UN concept of operations. Initial assessments by country-level agencies, together with pre-existing efforts or initiatives, should be used to provide information on which to base the technical assessment for DDR, which itself should be closely linked with other inter-agency processes established to assess immediate post-conflict needs.A well-prepared and well-conducted technical assessment should focus on: \\n the conditions and requirements for DDR; its relation to a peace agreement; \\n an assessment of national capacities; \\n the identification of options for UN support, including strategic objectives and the UN\u2019s operational role; \\n the role of DDR within the broader UN peace-building and mission strategy; \\n the role of UN support in relation to that of other national and international stakeholders.This initial technical assessment should be used as a basis for a more in-depth assessment required for programme design (also see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design). The results of this assessment should provide inputs to the Secretary-General\u2019s report and any Security Council resolutions and mission mandates that follow (see Annex B for a reference guide on conducting a DDR assessment mission).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":529, "Sentence":"These surveys and assessments include: conflict assess- ment; combatant needs assessments; the identification of reintegration opportunities; and labour and goods markets assessments; \\n assessing the in-country DDR planning and delivery capacity to support any DDR programme that might be set up (both UN and national institutional capacities); \\n contacting key donors and other international stakeholders on DDR issues with the aim of defining priorities and methods for information sharing and collaboration; \\n the early identification of potential key DDR personnel for the integrated DDR unit.Once the UN Security Council has requested the UN Secretary-General to present options for possible further UN involvement in supporting peacekeeping and peace-building in a particular country, planning enters a second stage, focusing on an initial technical assess- ment of the UN role and the preparation of a concept of operations for submission to the Security Council.In most cases, this process will be initiated through a multidimensional technical assess- ment mission fielded by the Secretary-General to develop the UN strategy in a conflict area.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures survey assessment include conflict ass ment combatant need assessment identification reintegration opportunity labour good market assessment n assessing incountry ddr planning delivery capacity support ddr programme might set un national institutional capacity n contacting key donor international stakeholder ddr issue aim defining priority method information sharing collaboration n early identification potential key ddr personnel integrated ddr unit.once un security council requested un secretarygeneral present option possible un involvement supporting peacekeeping peacebuilding particular country planning enters second stage focusing initial technical ass ment un role preparation concept operation submission security council.in case process initiated multidimensional technical ass ment mission fielded secretarygeneral develop un strategy conflict area ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.2. Phase II: Initial technical assessment and concept of operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning phase of the UN\u2019s involvement in a post-conflict peacekeeping or peace-building context, the identification of an appropriate role for the UN in supporting DDR efforts should be based on timely assessments and analyses of the situation and its requirements. The early identification of potential entry points and strategic options for UN support is essential to ensuring the UN\u2019s capacity to respond efficiently and effectively. Integrated preparatory activities and pre-mission planning are vital to the delivery of that capacity. While there is no section\/unit at UN Headquarters with the specific role of coordinating integrated DDR planning at present, many of the following DDR pre-planning tasks can and should be coordinated by the lead planning department and key operational agencies of the UN country team. Activities that should be included in a preparatory assistance or pre- planning framework include: \\n the development of an initial set of strategic options for or assessments of DDR, and the potential role of the UN in supporting DDR; \\n the provision of DDR technical advice to special envoys, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General or country-level UN staff within the context of peace negotiations or UN mediation; \\n the secondment of DDR specialists or hiring of private DDR consultants (sometimes funded by interested Member States) to assist during the peace process and provide strategic and policy advice to the UN and relevant national parties at country level for planning purposes; \\n the assignment of a UN country team to carry out exploratory DDR assessments and surveys as early as possible. These surveys and assessments include: conflict assess- ment; combatant needs assessments; the identification of reintegration opportunities; and labour and goods markets assessments; \\n assessing the in-country DDR planning and delivery capacity to support any DDR programme that might be set up (both UN and national institutional capacities); \\n contacting key donors and other international stakeholders on DDR issues with the aim of defining priorities and methods for information sharing and collaboration; \\n the early identification of potential key DDR personnel for the integrated DDR unit.Once the UN Security Council has requested the UN Secretary-General to present options for possible further UN involvement in supporting peacekeeping and peace-building in a particular country, planning enters a second stage, focusing on an initial technical assess- ment of the UN role and the preparation of a concept of operations for submission to the Security Council.In most cases, this process will be initiated through a multidimensional technical assess- ment mission fielded by the Secretary-General to develop the UN strategy in a conflict area. In this context, DDR is only one of several components such as political affairs, elections, public information, humanitarian assistance, military, security, civilian police, human rights, rule of law, gender equality, child protection, food security, HIV\/AIDS and other health matters, cross-border issues, reconstruction, governance, finance and logistic support.These multidisciplinary technical assessment missions shall integrate inputs from all relevant UN entities (in particular the UN country team), resulting in a joint UN concept of operations. Initial assessments by country-level agencies, together with pre-existing efforts or initiatives, should be used to provide information on which to base the technical assessment for DDR, which itself should be closely linked with other inter-agency processes established to assess immediate post-conflict needs.A well-prepared and well-conducted technical assessment should focus on: \\n the conditions and requirements for DDR; its relation to a peace agreement; \\n an assessment of national capacities; \\n the identification of options for UN support, including strategic objectives and the UN\u2019s operational role; \\n the role of DDR within the broader UN peace-building and mission strategy; \\n the role of UN support in relation to that of other national and international stakeholders.This initial technical assessment should be used as a basis for a more in-depth assessment required for programme design (also see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design). The results of this assessment should provide inputs to the Secretary-General\u2019s report and any Security Council resolutions and mission mandates that follow (see Annex B for a reference guide on conducting a DDR assessment mission).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":529, "Sentence":"In this context, DDR is only one of several components such as political affairs, elections, public information, humanitarian assistance, military, security, civilian police, human rights, rule of law, gender equality, child protection, food security, HIV\/AIDS and other health matters, cross-border issues, reconstruction, governance, finance and logistic support.These multidisciplinary technical assessment missions shall integrate inputs from all relevant UN entities (in particular the UN country team), resulting in a joint UN concept of operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures context ddr one several component political affair election public information humanitarian assistance military security civilian police human right rule law gender equality child protection food security hiv\/aids health matter crossborder issue reconstruction governance finance logistic support.these multidisciplinary technical assessment mission shall integrate input relevant un entity particular un country team resulting joint un concept operation ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.2. Phase II: Initial technical assessment and concept of operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning phase of the UN\u2019s involvement in a post-conflict peacekeeping or peace-building context, the identification of an appropriate role for the UN in supporting DDR efforts should be based on timely assessments and analyses of the situation and its requirements. The early identification of potential entry points and strategic options for UN support is essential to ensuring the UN\u2019s capacity to respond efficiently and effectively. Integrated preparatory activities and pre-mission planning are vital to the delivery of that capacity. While there is no section\/unit at UN Headquarters with the specific role of coordinating integrated DDR planning at present, many of the following DDR pre-planning tasks can and should be coordinated by the lead planning department and key operational agencies of the UN country team. Activities that should be included in a preparatory assistance or pre- planning framework include: \\n the development of an initial set of strategic options for or assessments of DDR, and the potential role of the UN in supporting DDR; \\n the provision of DDR technical advice to special envoys, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General or country-level UN staff within the context of peace negotiations or UN mediation; \\n the secondment of DDR specialists or hiring of private DDR consultants (sometimes funded by interested Member States) to assist during the peace process and provide strategic and policy advice to the UN and relevant national parties at country level for planning purposes; \\n the assignment of a UN country team to carry out exploratory DDR assessments and surveys as early as possible. These surveys and assessments include: conflict assess- ment; combatant needs assessments; the identification of reintegration opportunities; and labour and goods markets assessments; \\n assessing the in-country DDR planning and delivery capacity to support any DDR programme that might be set up (both UN and national institutional capacities); \\n contacting key donors and other international stakeholders on DDR issues with the aim of defining priorities and methods for information sharing and collaboration; \\n the early identification of potential key DDR personnel for the integrated DDR unit.Once the UN Security Council has requested the UN Secretary-General to present options for possible further UN involvement in supporting peacekeeping and peace-building in a particular country, planning enters a second stage, focusing on an initial technical assess- ment of the UN role and the preparation of a concept of operations for submission to the Security Council.In most cases, this process will be initiated through a multidimensional technical assess- ment mission fielded by the Secretary-General to develop the UN strategy in a conflict area. In this context, DDR is only one of several components such as political affairs, elections, public information, humanitarian assistance, military, security, civilian police, human rights, rule of law, gender equality, child protection, food security, HIV\/AIDS and other health matters, cross-border issues, reconstruction, governance, finance and logistic support.These multidisciplinary technical assessment missions shall integrate inputs from all relevant UN entities (in particular the UN country team), resulting in a joint UN concept of operations. Initial assessments by country-level agencies, together with pre-existing efforts or initiatives, should be used to provide information on which to base the technical assessment for DDR, which itself should be closely linked with other inter-agency processes established to assess immediate post-conflict needs.A well-prepared and well-conducted technical assessment should focus on: \\n the conditions and requirements for DDR; its relation to a peace agreement; \\n an assessment of national capacities; \\n the identification of options for UN support, including strategic objectives and the UN\u2019s operational role; \\n the role of DDR within the broader UN peace-building and mission strategy; \\n the role of UN support in relation to that of other national and international stakeholders.This initial technical assessment should be used as a basis for a more in-depth assessment required for programme design (also see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design). The results of this assessment should provide inputs to the Secretary-General\u2019s report and any Security Council resolutions and mission mandates that follow (see Annex B for a reference guide on conducting a DDR assessment mission).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":529, "Sentence":"Initial assessments by country-level agencies, together with pre-existing efforts or initiatives, should be used to provide information on which to base the technical assessment for DDR, which itself should be closely linked with other inter-agency processes established to assess immediate post-conflict needs.A well-prepared and well-conducted technical assessment should focus on: \\n the conditions and requirements for DDR; its relation to a peace agreement; \\n an assessment of national capacities; \\n the identification of options for UN support, including strategic objectives and the UN\u2019s operational role; \\n the role of DDR within the broader UN peace-building and mission strategy; \\n the role of UN support in relation to that of other national and international stakeholders.This initial technical assessment should be used as a basis for a more in-depth assessment required for programme design (also see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design).", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures initial assessment countrylevel agency together preexisting effort initiative used provide information base technical assessment ddr closely linked interagency process established ass immediate postconflict needs.a wellprepared wellconducted technical assessment focus n condition requirement ddr relation peace agreement n assessment national capacity n identification option un support including strategic objective un \u2019 operational role n role ddr within broader un peacebuilding mission strategy n role un support relation national international stakeholders.this initial technical assessment used basis indepth assessment required programme design also see iddrs 3.20 ddr programme design ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.2. Phase II: Initial technical assessment and concept of operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning phase of the UN\u2019s involvement in a post-conflict peacekeeping or peace-building context, the identification of an appropriate role for the UN in supporting DDR efforts should be based on timely assessments and analyses of the situation and its requirements. The early identification of potential entry points and strategic options for UN support is essential to ensuring the UN\u2019s capacity to respond efficiently and effectively. Integrated preparatory activities and pre-mission planning are vital to the delivery of that capacity. While there is no section\/unit at UN Headquarters with the specific role of coordinating integrated DDR planning at present, many of the following DDR pre-planning tasks can and should be coordinated by the lead planning department and key operational agencies of the UN country team. Activities that should be included in a preparatory assistance or pre- planning framework include: \\n the development of an initial set of strategic options for or assessments of DDR, and the potential role of the UN in supporting DDR; \\n the provision of DDR technical advice to special envoys, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General or country-level UN staff within the context of peace negotiations or UN mediation; \\n the secondment of DDR specialists or hiring of private DDR consultants (sometimes funded by interested Member States) to assist during the peace process and provide strategic and policy advice to the UN and relevant national parties at country level for planning purposes; \\n the assignment of a UN country team to carry out exploratory DDR assessments and surveys as early as possible. These surveys and assessments include: conflict assess- ment; combatant needs assessments; the identification of reintegration opportunities; and labour and goods markets assessments; \\n assessing the in-country DDR planning and delivery capacity to support any DDR programme that might be set up (both UN and national institutional capacities); \\n contacting key donors and other international stakeholders on DDR issues with the aim of defining priorities and methods for information sharing and collaboration; \\n the early identification of potential key DDR personnel for the integrated DDR unit.Once the UN Security Council has requested the UN Secretary-General to present options for possible further UN involvement in supporting peacekeeping and peace-building in a particular country, planning enters a second stage, focusing on an initial technical assess- ment of the UN role and the preparation of a concept of operations for submission to the Security Council.In most cases, this process will be initiated through a multidimensional technical assess- ment mission fielded by the Secretary-General to develop the UN strategy in a conflict area. In this context, DDR is only one of several components such as political affairs, elections, public information, humanitarian assistance, military, security, civilian police, human rights, rule of law, gender equality, child protection, food security, HIV\/AIDS and other health matters, cross-border issues, reconstruction, governance, finance and logistic support.These multidisciplinary technical assessment missions shall integrate inputs from all relevant UN entities (in particular the UN country team), resulting in a joint UN concept of operations. Initial assessments by country-level agencies, together with pre-existing efforts or initiatives, should be used to provide information on which to base the technical assessment for DDR, which itself should be closely linked with other inter-agency processes established to assess immediate post-conflict needs.A well-prepared and well-conducted technical assessment should focus on: \\n the conditions and requirements for DDR; its relation to a peace agreement; \\n an assessment of national capacities; \\n the identification of options for UN support, including strategic objectives and the UN\u2019s operational role; \\n the role of DDR within the broader UN peace-building and mission strategy; \\n the role of UN support in relation to that of other national and international stakeholders.This initial technical assessment should be used as a basis for a more in-depth assessment required for programme design (also see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design). The results of this assessment should provide inputs to the Secretary-General\u2019s report and any Security Council resolutions and mission mandates that follow (see Annex B for a reference guide on conducting a DDR assessment mission).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":529, "Sentence":"The results of this assessment should provide inputs to the Secretary-General\u2019s report and any Security Council resolutions and mission mandates that follow (see Annex B for a reference guide on conducting a DDR assessment mission).", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures result assessment provide input secretarygeneral \u2019 report security council resolution mission mandate follow see annex b reference guide conducting ddr assessment mission ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.2. Phase II: Initial technical assessment and concept of operations", "Heading3":"5.2.1. Report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The key output of the planning process at this stage should be a recommendation as to whether DDR is the appropriate response for the conflict at hand and whether the UN is well suited to provide support for the DDR programme in the country concerned. This is contained in a report by the Secretary-General to the Security Council, which includes the findings of the technical assessment mission.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":530, "Sentence":"The key output of the planning process at this stage should be a recommendation as to whether DDR is the appropriate response for the conflict at hand and whether the UN is well suited to provide support for the DDR programme in the country concerned.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures key output planning process stage recommendation whether ddr appropriate response conflict hand whether un well suited provide support ddr programme country concerned ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.2. Phase II: Initial technical assessment and concept of operations", "Heading3":"5.2.1. Report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The key output of the planning process at this stage should be a recommendation as to whether DDR is the appropriate response for the conflict at hand and whether the UN is well suited to provide support for the DDR programme in the country concerned. This is contained in a report by the Secretary-General to the Security Council, which includes the findings of the technical assessment mission.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":530, "Sentence":"This is contained in a report by the Secretary-General to the Security Council, which includes the findings of the technical assessment mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures contained report secretarygeneral security council includes finding technical assessment mission ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.2. Phase II: Initial technical assessment and concept of operations", "Heading3":"5.2.2. Mission mandate on DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council sometimes contains proposals for the mandate for peace operation. The following points should be considered when pro- viding inputs to the DDR mandate: \\n It shall be consistent with the UN approach to DDR; \\n While it is important to stress the national aspect of the DDR programme, it is also necessary to recognize the immediate need to provide capacity-building support to increase or bring about national ownership, and to recognize the political difficulties that may complicate national ownership in a transitional situation.Time-lines for planning and implementation should be realistic. The Security Council, when it establishes a multidimensional UN mission, may assign DDR responsibilities to the UN. This mandate can be either to directly support the national DDR authorities or to implement aspects of the DDR programme, especially when national capacities are lim- ited. What is important to note is that the nature of a DDR mandate, if one is given, may differ from the recommended concept of operations, for political and other reasons.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":531, "Sentence":"The report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council sometimes contains proposals for the mandate for peace operation.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures report secretarygeneral security council sometimes contains proposal mandate peace operation ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.2. Phase II: Initial technical assessment and concept of operations", "Heading3":"5.2.2. Mission mandate on DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council sometimes contains proposals for the mandate for peace operation. The following points should be considered when pro- viding inputs to the DDR mandate: \\n It shall be consistent with the UN approach to DDR; \\n While it is important to stress the national aspect of the DDR programme, it is also necessary to recognize the immediate need to provide capacity-building support to increase or bring about national ownership, and to recognize the political difficulties that may complicate national ownership in a transitional situation.Time-lines for planning and implementation should be realistic. The Security Council, when it establishes a multidimensional UN mission, may assign DDR responsibilities to the UN. This mandate can be either to directly support the national DDR authorities or to implement aspects of the DDR programme, especially when national capacities are lim- ited. What is important to note is that the nature of a DDR mandate, if one is given, may differ from the recommended concept of operations, for political and other reasons.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":531, "Sentence":"The following points should be considered when pro- viding inputs to the DDR mandate: \\n It shall be consistent with the UN approach to DDR; \\n While it is important to stress the national aspect of the DDR programme, it is also necessary to recognize the immediate need to provide capacity-building support to increase or bring about national ownership, and to recognize the political difficulties that may complicate national ownership in a transitional situation.Time-lines for planning and implementation should be realistic.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures following point considered pro viding input ddr mandate n shall consistent un approach ddr n important stress national aspect ddr programme also necessary recognize immediate need provide capacitybuilding support increase bring national ownership recognize political difficulty may complicate national ownership transitional situation.timelines planning implementation realistic ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.2. Phase II: Initial technical assessment and concept of operations", "Heading3":"5.2.2. Mission mandate on DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council sometimes contains proposals for the mandate for peace operation. The following points should be considered when pro- viding inputs to the DDR mandate: \\n It shall be consistent with the UN approach to DDR; \\n While it is important to stress the national aspect of the DDR programme, it is also necessary to recognize the immediate need to provide capacity-building support to increase or bring about national ownership, and to recognize the political difficulties that may complicate national ownership in a transitional situation.Time-lines for planning and implementation should be realistic. The Security Council, when it establishes a multidimensional UN mission, may assign DDR responsibilities to the UN. This mandate can be either to directly support the national DDR authorities or to implement aspects of the DDR programme, especially when national capacities are lim- ited. What is important to note is that the nature of a DDR mandate, if one is given, may differ from the recommended concept of operations, for political and other reasons.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":531, "Sentence":"The Security Council, when it establishes a multidimensional UN mission, may assign DDR responsibilities to the UN.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures security council establishes multidimensional un mission may assign ddr responsibility un ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.2. Phase II: Initial technical assessment and concept of operations", "Heading3":"5.2.2. Mission mandate on DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council sometimes contains proposals for the mandate for peace operation. The following points should be considered when pro- viding inputs to the DDR mandate: \\n It shall be consistent with the UN approach to DDR; \\n While it is important to stress the national aspect of the DDR programme, it is also necessary to recognize the immediate need to provide capacity-building support to increase or bring about national ownership, and to recognize the political difficulties that may complicate national ownership in a transitional situation.Time-lines for planning and implementation should be realistic. The Security Council, when it establishes a multidimensional UN mission, may assign DDR responsibilities to the UN. This mandate can be either to directly support the national DDR authorities or to implement aspects of the DDR programme, especially when national capacities are lim- ited. What is important to note is that the nature of a DDR mandate, if one is given, may differ from the recommended concept of operations, for political and other reasons.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":531, "Sentence":"This mandate can be either to directly support the national DDR authorities or to implement aspects of the DDR programme, especially when national capacities are lim- ited.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures mandate either directly support national ddr authority implement aspect ddr programme especially national capacity lim ited ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.2. Phase II: Initial technical assessment and concept of operations", "Heading3":"5.2.2. Mission mandate on DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council sometimes contains proposals for the mandate for peace operation. The following points should be considered when pro- viding inputs to the DDR mandate: \\n It shall be consistent with the UN approach to DDR; \\n While it is important to stress the national aspect of the DDR programme, it is also necessary to recognize the immediate need to provide capacity-building support to increase or bring about national ownership, and to recognize the political difficulties that may complicate national ownership in a transitional situation.Time-lines for planning and implementation should be realistic. The Security Council, when it establishes a multidimensional UN mission, may assign DDR responsibilities to the UN. This mandate can be either to directly support the national DDR authorities or to implement aspects of the DDR programme, especially when national capacities are lim- ited. What is important to note is that the nature of a DDR mandate, if one is given, may differ from the recommended concept of operations, for political and other reasons.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":531, "Sentence":"What is important to note is that the nature of a DDR mandate, if one is given, may differ from the recommended concept of operations, for political and other reasons.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures important note nature ddr mandate one given may differ recommended concept operation political reason ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.3. Phase III: Development of a strategic and policy framework (strategic planning)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The inclusion of DDR as a component of the overall UN integrated mission and peace-building support strategy will require the development of initial strategic objectives for the DDR programme to guide further planning and programme development. DDR practitioners shall be required to identify four key elements to create this framework: \\n the overall strategic objectives of UN engagement in DDR in relation to national pri- orities (see Annex C for an example of how DDR aims may be developed); \\n the key DDR tasks of the UN (see Annex C for related DDR tasks that originate from the strategic objectives); \\n an initial organizational and institutional framework (see IDDRS 3.42 on Personnel and Staffing for the establishment of the integrated DDR unit and IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR); \\n the identification of other national and international stakeholders on DDR and the areas of engagement of each.The policy and strategy framework for UN support for DDR should ideally be developed after the establishment of the mission, and at the same time as its actual deployment. Several key issues should be kept in mind in developing such a framework: \\n To ensure that this framework adequately reflects country realities and needs with respect to DDR, its development should be a joint effort of mission planners (whether Headquarters- or country-based), DDR staff already deployed and the UN country team; \\n Development of the framework should also involve consultations with relevant national counterparts, to ensure that UN engagement is consistent with national planning and frameworks; \\n The framework should be harmonized \u2014 and integrated \u2014 with other UN and national planning frameworks, notably Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) results-based budgeting frameworks, UN work plans and transitional appeals, and post-conflict needs assessment processes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":532, "Sentence":"The inclusion of DDR as a component of the overall UN integrated mission and peace-building support strategy will require the development of initial strategic objectives for the DDR programme to guide further planning and programme development.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures inclusion ddr component overall un integrated mission peacebuilding support strategy require development initial strategic objective ddr programme guide planning programme development ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.3. Phase III: Development of a strategic and policy framework (strategic planning)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The inclusion of DDR as a component of the overall UN integrated mission and peace-building support strategy will require the development of initial strategic objectives for the DDR programme to guide further planning and programme development. DDR practitioners shall be required to identify four key elements to create this framework: \\n the overall strategic objectives of UN engagement in DDR in relation to national pri- orities (see Annex C for an example of how DDR aims may be developed); \\n the key DDR tasks of the UN (see Annex C for related DDR tasks that originate from the strategic objectives); \\n an initial organizational and institutional framework (see IDDRS 3.42 on Personnel and Staffing for the establishment of the integrated DDR unit and IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR); \\n the identification of other national and international stakeholders on DDR and the areas of engagement of each.The policy and strategy framework for UN support for DDR should ideally be developed after the establishment of the mission, and at the same time as its actual deployment. Several key issues should be kept in mind in developing such a framework: \\n To ensure that this framework adequately reflects country realities and needs with respect to DDR, its development should be a joint effort of mission planners (whether Headquarters- or country-based), DDR staff already deployed and the UN country team; \\n Development of the framework should also involve consultations with relevant national counterparts, to ensure that UN engagement is consistent with national planning and frameworks; \\n The framework should be harmonized \u2014 and integrated \u2014 with other UN and national planning frameworks, notably Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) results-based budgeting frameworks, UN work plans and transitional appeals, and post-conflict needs assessment processes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":532, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall be required to identify four key elements to create this framework: \\n the overall strategic objectives of UN engagement in DDR in relation to national pri- orities (see Annex C for an example of how DDR aims may be developed); \\n the key DDR tasks of the UN (see Annex C for related DDR tasks that originate from the strategic objectives); \\n an initial organizational and institutional framework (see IDDRS 3.42 on Personnel and Staffing for the establishment of the integrated DDR unit and IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR); \\n the identification of other national and international stakeholders on DDR and the areas of engagement of each.The policy and strategy framework for UN support for DDR should ideally be developed after the establishment of the mission, and at the same time as its actual deployment.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures ddr practitioner shall required identify four key element create framework n overall strategic objective un engagement ddr relation national pri orities see annex c example ddr aim may developed n key ddr task un see annex c related ddr task originate strategic objective n initial organizational institutional framework see iddrs 3.42 personnel staffing establishment integrated ddr unit iddrs 3.30 national institution ddr n identification national international stakeholder ddr area engagement each.the policy strategy framework un support ddr ideally developed establishment mission time actual deployment ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.3. Phase III: Development of a strategic and policy framework (strategic planning)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The inclusion of DDR as a component of the overall UN integrated mission and peace-building support strategy will require the development of initial strategic objectives for the DDR programme to guide further planning and programme development. DDR practitioners shall be required to identify four key elements to create this framework: \\n the overall strategic objectives of UN engagement in DDR in relation to national pri- orities (see Annex C for an example of how DDR aims may be developed); \\n the key DDR tasks of the UN (see Annex C for related DDR tasks that originate from the strategic objectives); \\n an initial organizational and institutional framework (see IDDRS 3.42 on Personnel and Staffing for the establishment of the integrated DDR unit and IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR); \\n the identification of other national and international stakeholders on DDR and the areas of engagement of each.The policy and strategy framework for UN support for DDR should ideally be developed after the establishment of the mission, and at the same time as its actual deployment. Several key issues should be kept in mind in developing such a framework: \\n To ensure that this framework adequately reflects country realities and needs with respect to DDR, its development should be a joint effort of mission planners (whether Headquarters- or country-based), DDR staff already deployed and the UN country team; \\n Development of the framework should also involve consultations with relevant national counterparts, to ensure that UN engagement is consistent with national planning and frameworks; \\n The framework should be harmonized \u2014 and integrated \u2014 with other UN and national planning frameworks, notably Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) results-based budgeting frameworks, UN work plans and transitional appeals, and post-conflict needs assessment processes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":532, "Sentence":"Several key issues should be kept in mind in developing such a framework: \\n To ensure that this framework adequately reflects country realities and needs with respect to DDR, its development should be a joint effort of mission planners (whether Headquarters- or country-based), DDR staff already deployed and the UN country team; \\n Development of the framework should also involve consultations with relevant national counterparts, to ensure that UN engagement is consistent with national planning and frameworks; \\n The framework should be harmonized \u2014 and integrated \u2014 with other UN and national planning frameworks, notably Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) results-based budgeting frameworks, UN work plans and transitional appeals, and post-conflict needs assessment processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures several key issue kept mind developing framework n ensure framework adequately reflects country reality need respect ddr development joint effort mission planner whether headquarters countrybased ddr staff already deployed un country team n development framework also involve consultation relevant national counterpart ensure un engagement consistent national planning framework n framework harmonized \u2014 integrated \u2014 un national planning framework notably department peacekeeping operation dpko resultsbased budgeting framework un work plan transitional appeal postconflict need assessment process ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.4. Phase IV: Development of a programme and operational framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"After establishing a strategic objectives and policy framework for UN support for DDR, the UN should start developing a detailed programmatic and operational framework. Refer to IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for the programme design process and tools to assist in the development of a DDR operational plan.The objective of developing a DDR programme and implementation plan is to provide further details on the activities and operational requirements necessary to achieve DDR goals and the strategy identified in the initial planning for DDR. In the context of integrated DDR approaches, DDR programmes also provide a common framework for the implemen- tation and management of joint activities among actors in the UN system.In general, the programme design cycle should consist of three main phases: \\n Detailed field assessments: A detailed field assessment builds on the initial technical assess- ment described earlier, and is intended to provide a basis for developing the full DDR programme, as well as the implementation and operational plan. The main issues that should be dealt with in a detailed assessment include: \\n\\n the political, social and economic context and background of the armed conflict; \\n\\n the causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n the identification of participants, potential partners and others involved; \\n\\n the distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n the institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n a survey of socio-economic conditions and the capacity of local communities to absorb ex-combatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors influencing prospects for DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation; \\n Detailed programme development and costing of requirements: A DDR \u2018programme\u2019 is a framework that provides an agreed-upon blueprint (i.e., detailed plan) for how DDR will be put into operation in a given context. It also provides the basis for developing operational or implementation plans that provide time-bound information on how individual DDR tasks and activities will be carried out and who will be responsible for doing this. Designing a comprehensive DDR programme is a time- and labour-intensive process that usually takes place after a peacekeeping mission has been authorized and deployment in the field has started. In most cases, the design of a comprehensive UN programme on DDR should be integrated with the design of the national DDR programme and architecture, and linked to the design of programmes in other related sectors as part of the overall transition and recovery plan; \\n Development of an implementation plan: Once a programme has been developed, planning instruments should be developed that will aid practitioners (UN, non-UN and national government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. Depen- ding on the scale and scope of a DDR programme, an implementation or operations plan usually consists of four main elements: implementation methods; time-frame; a detailed work plan; and management arrangements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":533, "Sentence":"After establishing a strategic objectives and policy framework for UN support for DDR, the UN should start developing a detailed programmatic and operational framework.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures establishing strategic objective policy framework un support ddr un start developing detailed programmatic operational framework ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.4. Phase IV: Development of a programme and operational framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"After establishing a strategic objectives and policy framework for UN support for DDR, the UN should start developing a detailed programmatic and operational framework. Refer to IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for the programme design process and tools to assist in the development of a DDR operational plan.The objective of developing a DDR programme and implementation plan is to provide further details on the activities and operational requirements necessary to achieve DDR goals and the strategy identified in the initial planning for DDR. In the context of integrated DDR approaches, DDR programmes also provide a common framework for the implemen- tation and management of joint activities among actors in the UN system.In general, the programme design cycle should consist of three main phases: \\n Detailed field assessments: A detailed field assessment builds on the initial technical assess- ment described earlier, and is intended to provide a basis for developing the full DDR programme, as well as the implementation and operational plan. The main issues that should be dealt with in a detailed assessment include: \\n\\n the political, social and economic context and background of the armed conflict; \\n\\n the causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n the identification of participants, potential partners and others involved; \\n\\n the distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n the institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n a survey of socio-economic conditions and the capacity of local communities to absorb ex-combatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors influencing prospects for DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation; \\n Detailed programme development and costing of requirements: A DDR \u2018programme\u2019 is a framework that provides an agreed-upon blueprint (i.e., detailed plan) for how DDR will be put into operation in a given context. It also provides the basis for developing operational or implementation plans that provide time-bound information on how individual DDR tasks and activities will be carried out and who will be responsible for doing this. Designing a comprehensive DDR programme is a time- and labour-intensive process that usually takes place after a peacekeeping mission has been authorized and deployment in the field has started. In most cases, the design of a comprehensive UN programme on DDR should be integrated with the design of the national DDR programme and architecture, and linked to the design of programmes in other related sectors as part of the overall transition and recovery plan; \\n Development of an implementation plan: Once a programme has been developed, planning instruments should be developed that will aid practitioners (UN, non-UN and national government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. Depen- ding on the scale and scope of a DDR programme, an implementation or operations plan usually consists of four main elements: implementation methods; time-frame; a detailed work plan; and management arrangements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":533, "Sentence":"Refer to IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for the programme design process and tools to assist in the development of a DDR operational plan.The objective of developing a DDR programme and implementation plan is to provide further details on the activities and operational requirements necessary to achieve DDR goals and the strategy identified in the initial planning for DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures refer iddrs 3.20 ddr programme design programme design process tool assist development ddr operational plan.the objective developing ddr programme implementation plan provide detail activity operational requirement necessary achieve ddr goal strategy identified initial planning ddr ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.4. Phase IV: Development of a programme and operational framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"After establishing a strategic objectives and policy framework for UN support for DDR, the UN should start developing a detailed programmatic and operational framework. Refer to IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for the programme design process and tools to assist in the development of a DDR operational plan.The objective of developing a DDR programme and implementation plan is to provide further details on the activities and operational requirements necessary to achieve DDR goals and the strategy identified in the initial planning for DDR. In the context of integrated DDR approaches, DDR programmes also provide a common framework for the implemen- tation and management of joint activities among actors in the UN system.In general, the programme design cycle should consist of three main phases: \\n Detailed field assessments: A detailed field assessment builds on the initial technical assess- ment described earlier, and is intended to provide a basis for developing the full DDR programme, as well as the implementation and operational plan. The main issues that should be dealt with in a detailed assessment include: \\n\\n the political, social and economic context and background of the armed conflict; \\n\\n the causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n the identification of participants, potential partners and others involved; \\n\\n the distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n the institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n a survey of socio-economic conditions and the capacity of local communities to absorb ex-combatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors influencing prospects for DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation; \\n Detailed programme development and costing of requirements: A DDR \u2018programme\u2019 is a framework that provides an agreed-upon blueprint (i.e., detailed plan) for how DDR will be put into operation in a given context. It also provides the basis for developing operational or implementation plans that provide time-bound information on how individual DDR tasks and activities will be carried out and who will be responsible for doing this. Designing a comprehensive DDR programme is a time- and labour-intensive process that usually takes place after a peacekeeping mission has been authorized and deployment in the field has started. In most cases, the design of a comprehensive UN programme on DDR should be integrated with the design of the national DDR programme and architecture, and linked to the design of programmes in other related sectors as part of the overall transition and recovery plan; \\n Development of an implementation plan: Once a programme has been developed, planning instruments should be developed that will aid practitioners (UN, non-UN and national government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. Depen- ding on the scale and scope of a DDR programme, an implementation or operations plan usually consists of four main elements: implementation methods; time-frame; a detailed work plan; and management arrangements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":533, "Sentence":"In the context of integrated DDR approaches, DDR programmes also provide a common framework for the implemen- tation and management of joint activities among actors in the UN system.In general, the programme design cycle should consist of three main phases: \\n Detailed field assessments: A detailed field assessment builds on the initial technical assess- ment described earlier, and is intended to provide a basis for developing the full DDR programme, as well as the implementation and operational plan.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures context integrated ddr approach ddr programme also provide common framework implemen tation management joint activity among actor un system.in general programme design cycle consist three main phase n detailed field assessment detailed field assessment build initial technical ass ment described earlier intended provide basis developing full ddr programme well implementation operational plan ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.4. Phase IV: Development of a programme and operational framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"After establishing a strategic objectives and policy framework for UN support for DDR, the UN should start developing a detailed programmatic and operational framework. Refer to IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for the programme design process and tools to assist in the development of a DDR operational plan.The objective of developing a DDR programme and implementation plan is to provide further details on the activities and operational requirements necessary to achieve DDR goals and the strategy identified in the initial planning for DDR. In the context of integrated DDR approaches, DDR programmes also provide a common framework for the implemen- tation and management of joint activities among actors in the UN system.In general, the programme design cycle should consist of three main phases: \\n Detailed field assessments: A detailed field assessment builds on the initial technical assess- ment described earlier, and is intended to provide a basis for developing the full DDR programme, as well as the implementation and operational plan. The main issues that should be dealt with in a detailed assessment include: \\n\\n the political, social and economic context and background of the armed conflict; \\n\\n the causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n the identification of participants, potential partners and others involved; \\n\\n the distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n the institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n a survey of socio-economic conditions and the capacity of local communities to absorb ex-combatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors influencing prospects for DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation; \\n Detailed programme development and costing of requirements: A DDR \u2018programme\u2019 is a framework that provides an agreed-upon blueprint (i.e., detailed plan) for how DDR will be put into operation in a given context. It also provides the basis for developing operational or implementation plans that provide time-bound information on how individual DDR tasks and activities will be carried out and who will be responsible for doing this. Designing a comprehensive DDR programme is a time- and labour-intensive process that usually takes place after a peacekeeping mission has been authorized and deployment in the field has started. In most cases, the design of a comprehensive UN programme on DDR should be integrated with the design of the national DDR programme and architecture, and linked to the design of programmes in other related sectors as part of the overall transition and recovery plan; \\n Development of an implementation plan: Once a programme has been developed, planning instruments should be developed that will aid practitioners (UN, non-UN and national government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. Depen- ding on the scale and scope of a DDR programme, an implementation or operations plan usually consists of four main elements: implementation methods; time-frame; a detailed work plan; and management arrangements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":533, "Sentence":"The main issues that should be dealt with in a detailed assessment include: \\n\\n the political, social and economic context and background of the armed conflict; \\n\\n the causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n the identification of participants, potential partners and others involved; \\n\\n the distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n the institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n a survey of socio-economic conditions and the capacity of local communities to absorb ex-combatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors influencing prospects for DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation; \\n Detailed programme development and costing of requirements: A DDR \u2018programme\u2019 is a framework that provides an agreed-upon blueprint (i.e., detailed plan) for how DDR will be put into operation in a given context.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures main issue dealt detailed assessment include nn political social economic context background armed conflict nn cause dynamic consequence armed conflict nn identification participant potential partner others involved nn distribution availability proliferation weapon primarily small arm light weapon nn institutional capacity national stakeholder area related ddr nn survey socioeconomic condition capacity local community absorb excombatants dependant nn precondition factor influencing prospect ddr nn baseline data performance indicator programme design implementation monitoring evaluation n detailed programme development costing requirement ddr \u2018 programme \u2019 framework provides agreedupon blueprint i.e . detailed plan ddr put operation given context ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.4. Phase IV: Development of a programme and operational framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"After establishing a strategic objectives and policy framework for UN support for DDR, the UN should start developing a detailed programmatic and operational framework. Refer to IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for the programme design process and tools to assist in the development of a DDR operational plan.The objective of developing a DDR programme and implementation plan is to provide further details on the activities and operational requirements necessary to achieve DDR goals and the strategy identified in the initial planning for DDR. In the context of integrated DDR approaches, DDR programmes also provide a common framework for the implemen- tation and management of joint activities among actors in the UN system.In general, the programme design cycle should consist of three main phases: \\n Detailed field assessments: A detailed field assessment builds on the initial technical assess- ment described earlier, and is intended to provide a basis for developing the full DDR programme, as well as the implementation and operational plan. The main issues that should be dealt with in a detailed assessment include: \\n\\n the political, social and economic context and background of the armed conflict; \\n\\n the causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n the identification of participants, potential partners and others involved; \\n\\n the distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n the institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n a survey of socio-economic conditions and the capacity of local communities to absorb ex-combatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors influencing prospects for DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation; \\n Detailed programme development and costing of requirements: A DDR \u2018programme\u2019 is a framework that provides an agreed-upon blueprint (i.e., detailed plan) for how DDR will be put into operation in a given context. It also provides the basis for developing operational or implementation plans that provide time-bound information on how individual DDR tasks and activities will be carried out and who will be responsible for doing this. Designing a comprehensive DDR programme is a time- and labour-intensive process that usually takes place after a peacekeeping mission has been authorized and deployment in the field has started. In most cases, the design of a comprehensive UN programme on DDR should be integrated with the design of the national DDR programme and architecture, and linked to the design of programmes in other related sectors as part of the overall transition and recovery plan; \\n Development of an implementation plan: Once a programme has been developed, planning instruments should be developed that will aid practitioners (UN, non-UN and national government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. Depen- ding on the scale and scope of a DDR programme, an implementation or operations plan usually consists of four main elements: implementation methods; time-frame; a detailed work plan; and management arrangements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":533, "Sentence":"It also provides the basis for developing operational or implementation plans that provide time-bound information on how individual DDR tasks and activities will be carried out and who will be responsible for doing this.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures also provides basis developing operational implementation plan provide timebound information individual ddr task activity carried responsible ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.4. Phase IV: Development of a programme and operational framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"After establishing a strategic objectives and policy framework for UN support for DDR, the UN should start developing a detailed programmatic and operational framework. Refer to IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for the programme design process and tools to assist in the development of a DDR operational plan.The objective of developing a DDR programme and implementation plan is to provide further details on the activities and operational requirements necessary to achieve DDR goals and the strategy identified in the initial planning for DDR. In the context of integrated DDR approaches, DDR programmes also provide a common framework for the implemen- tation and management of joint activities among actors in the UN system.In general, the programme design cycle should consist of three main phases: \\n Detailed field assessments: A detailed field assessment builds on the initial technical assess- ment described earlier, and is intended to provide a basis for developing the full DDR programme, as well as the implementation and operational plan. The main issues that should be dealt with in a detailed assessment include: \\n\\n the political, social and economic context and background of the armed conflict; \\n\\n the causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n the identification of participants, potential partners and others involved; \\n\\n the distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n the institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n a survey of socio-economic conditions and the capacity of local communities to absorb ex-combatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors influencing prospects for DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation; \\n Detailed programme development and costing of requirements: A DDR \u2018programme\u2019 is a framework that provides an agreed-upon blueprint (i.e., detailed plan) for how DDR will be put into operation in a given context. It also provides the basis for developing operational or implementation plans that provide time-bound information on how individual DDR tasks and activities will be carried out and who will be responsible for doing this. Designing a comprehensive DDR programme is a time- and labour-intensive process that usually takes place after a peacekeeping mission has been authorized and deployment in the field has started. In most cases, the design of a comprehensive UN programme on DDR should be integrated with the design of the national DDR programme and architecture, and linked to the design of programmes in other related sectors as part of the overall transition and recovery plan; \\n Development of an implementation plan: Once a programme has been developed, planning instruments should be developed that will aid practitioners (UN, non-UN and national government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. Depen- ding on the scale and scope of a DDR programme, an implementation or operations plan usually consists of four main elements: implementation methods; time-frame; a detailed work plan; and management arrangements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":533, "Sentence":"Designing a comprehensive DDR programme is a time- and labour-intensive process that usually takes place after a peacekeeping mission has been authorized and deployment in the field has started.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures designing comprehensive ddr programme time labourintensive process usually take place peacekeeping mission authorized deployment field started ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.4. Phase IV: Development of a programme and operational framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"After establishing a strategic objectives and policy framework for UN support for DDR, the UN should start developing a detailed programmatic and operational framework. Refer to IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for the programme design process and tools to assist in the development of a DDR operational plan.The objective of developing a DDR programme and implementation plan is to provide further details on the activities and operational requirements necessary to achieve DDR goals and the strategy identified in the initial planning for DDR. In the context of integrated DDR approaches, DDR programmes also provide a common framework for the implemen- tation and management of joint activities among actors in the UN system.In general, the programme design cycle should consist of three main phases: \\n Detailed field assessments: A detailed field assessment builds on the initial technical assess- ment described earlier, and is intended to provide a basis for developing the full DDR programme, as well as the implementation and operational plan. The main issues that should be dealt with in a detailed assessment include: \\n\\n the political, social and economic context and background of the armed conflict; \\n\\n the causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n the identification of participants, potential partners and others involved; \\n\\n the distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n the institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n a survey of socio-economic conditions and the capacity of local communities to absorb ex-combatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors influencing prospects for DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation; \\n Detailed programme development and costing of requirements: A DDR \u2018programme\u2019 is a framework that provides an agreed-upon blueprint (i.e., detailed plan) for how DDR will be put into operation in a given context. It also provides the basis for developing operational or implementation plans that provide time-bound information on how individual DDR tasks and activities will be carried out and who will be responsible for doing this. Designing a comprehensive DDR programme is a time- and labour-intensive process that usually takes place after a peacekeeping mission has been authorized and deployment in the field has started. In most cases, the design of a comprehensive UN programme on DDR should be integrated with the design of the national DDR programme and architecture, and linked to the design of programmes in other related sectors as part of the overall transition and recovery plan; \\n Development of an implementation plan: Once a programme has been developed, planning instruments should be developed that will aid practitioners (UN, non-UN and national government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. Depen- ding on the scale and scope of a DDR programme, an implementation or operations plan usually consists of four main elements: implementation methods; time-frame; a detailed work plan; and management arrangements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":533, "Sentence":"In most cases, the design of a comprehensive UN programme on DDR should be integrated with the design of the national DDR programme and architecture, and linked to the design of programmes in other related sectors as part of the overall transition and recovery plan; \\n Development of an implementation plan: Once a programme has been developed, planning instruments should be developed that will aid practitioners (UN, non-UN and national government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures case design comprehensive un programme ddr integrated design national ddr programme architecture linked design programme related sector part overall transition recovery plan n development implementation plan programme developed planning instrument developed aid practitioner un nonun national government implement activity strategy planned ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.4. Phase IV: Development of a programme and operational framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"After establishing a strategic objectives and policy framework for UN support for DDR, the UN should start developing a detailed programmatic and operational framework. Refer to IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design for the programme design process and tools to assist in the development of a DDR operational plan.The objective of developing a DDR programme and implementation plan is to provide further details on the activities and operational requirements necessary to achieve DDR goals and the strategy identified in the initial planning for DDR. In the context of integrated DDR approaches, DDR programmes also provide a common framework for the implemen- tation and management of joint activities among actors in the UN system.In general, the programme design cycle should consist of three main phases: \\n Detailed field assessments: A detailed field assessment builds on the initial technical assess- ment described earlier, and is intended to provide a basis for developing the full DDR programme, as well as the implementation and operational plan. The main issues that should be dealt with in a detailed assessment include: \\n\\n the political, social and economic context and background of the armed conflict; \\n\\n the causes, dynamics and consequences of the armed conflict; \\n\\n the identification of participants, potential partners and others involved; \\n\\n the distribution, availability and proliferation of weapons (primarily small arms and light weapons); \\n\\n the institutional capacities of national stakeholders in areas related to DDR; \\n\\n a survey of socio-economic conditions and the capacity of local communities to absorb ex-combatants and their dependants; \\n\\n preconditions and other factors influencing prospects for DDR; \\n\\n baseline data and performance indicators for programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation; \\n Detailed programme development and costing of requirements: A DDR \u2018programme\u2019 is a framework that provides an agreed-upon blueprint (i.e., detailed plan) for how DDR will be put into operation in a given context. It also provides the basis for developing operational or implementation plans that provide time-bound information on how individual DDR tasks and activities will be carried out and who will be responsible for doing this. Designing a comprehensive DDR programme is a time- and labour-intensive process that usually takes place after a peacekeeping mission has been authorized and deployment in the field has started. In most cases, the design of a comprehensive UN programme on DDR should be integrated with the design of the national DDR programme and architecture, and linked to the design of programmes in other related sectors as part of the overall transition and recovery plan; \\n Development of an implementation plan: Once a programme has been developed, planning instruments should be developed that will aid practitioners (UN, non-UN and national government) to implement the activities and strategies that have been planned. Depen- ding on the scale and scope of a DDR programme, an implementation or operations plan usually consists of four main elements: implementation methods; time-frame; a detailed work plan; and management arrangements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":533, "Sentence":"Depen- ding on the scale and scope of a DDR programme, an implementation or operations plan usually consists of four main elements: implementation methods; time-frame; a detailed work plan; and management arrangements.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures depen ding scale scope ddr programme implementation operation plan usually consists four main element implementation method timeframe detailed work plan management arrangement ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.5. Phase V: Continuation and transition planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR strategy and plan should remain flexible so as to be able to deal with changing circumstances and demands at the country level, and should possess a capacity to adapt in order to deal with shortcomings and new opportunities. Continuation planning involves a process of periodic reviews, monitoring and real-time evaluations to measure performance and impact during implementation of the DDR programme, as well as revisions to programmatic and operational plans to make adjustments to the actual implementation process. A DDR programme does not end with the exit of the peacekeeping mission. While security may be restored, the broader task of linking the DDR programme to overall development, i.e., the sustainable reintegration of ex-com- batants and long-term stability, remains. It is therefore essential that the departure of the peacekeeping mission is planned with the UN country team as early as possible to ensure that capacities are sufficiently built up in the country team for it to assume the full financial, logistic and human resources responsibilities for the continuation of the longer-term aspects of the DDR programme. A second essential requirement is the building of national capacities to assume full responsibility for the DDR programme, which should begin from the start of the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":534, "Sentence":"A DDR strategy and plan should remain flexible so as to be able to deal with changing circumstances and demands at the country level, and should possess a capacity to adapt in order to deal with shortcomings and new opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures ddr strategy plan remain flexible able deal changing circumstance demand country level posse capacity adapt order deal shortcoming new opportunity ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.5. Phase V: Continuation and transition planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR strategy and plan should remain flexible so as to be able to deal with changing circumstances and demands at the country level, and should possess a capacity to adapt in order to deal with shortcomings and new opportunities. Continuation planning involves a process of periodic reviews, monitoring and real-time evaluations to measure performance and impact during implementation of the DDR programme, as well as revisions to programmatic and operational plans to make adjustments to the actual implementation process. A DDR programme does not end with the exit of the peacekeeping mission. While security may be restored, the broader task of linking the DDR programme to overall development, i.e., the sustainable reintegration of ex-com- batants and long-term stability, remains. It is therefore essential that the departure of the peacekeeping mission is planned with the UN country team as early as possible to ensure that capacities are sufficiently built up in the country team for it to assume the full financial, logistic and human resources responsibilities for the continuation of the longer-term aspects of the DDR programme. A second essential requirement is the building of national capacities to assume full responsibility for the DDR programme, which should begin from the start of the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":534, "Sentence":"Continuation planning involves a process of periodic reviews, monitoring and real-time evaluations to measure performance and impact during implementation of the DDR programme, as well as revisions to programmatic and operational plans to make adjustments to the actual implementation process.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures continuation planning involves process periodic review monitoring realtime evaluation measure performance impact implementation ddr programme well revision programmatic operational plan make adjustment actual implementation process ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.5. Phase V: Continuation and transition planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR strategy and plan should remain flexible so as to be able to deal with changing circumstances and demands at the country level, and should possess a capacity to adapt in order to deal with shortcomings and new opportunities. Continuation planning involves a process of periodic reviews, monitoring and real-time evaluations to measure performance and impact during implementation of the DDR programme, as well as revisions to programmatic and operational plans to make adjustments to the actual implementation process. A DDR programme does not end with the exit of the peacekeeping mission. While security may be restored, the broader task of linking the DDR programme to overall development, i.e., the sustainable reintegration of ex-com- batants and long-term stability, remains. It is therefore essential that the departure of the peacekeeping mission is planned with the UN country team as early as possible to ensure that capacities are sufficiently built up in the country team for it to assume the full financial, logistic and human resources responsibilities for the continuation of the longer-term aspects of the DDR programme. A second essential requirement is the building of national capacities to assume full responsibility for the DDR programme, which should begin from the start of the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":534, "Sentence":"A DDR programme does not end with the exit of the peacekeeping mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures ddr programme end exit peacekeeping mission ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.5. Phase V: Continuation and transition planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR strategy and plan should remain flexible so as to be able to deal with changing circumstances and demands at the country level, and should possess a capacity to adapt in order to deal with shortcomings and new opportunities. Continuation planning involves a process of periodic reviews, monitoring and real-time evaluations to measure performance and impact during implementation of the DDR programme, as well as revisions to programmatic and operational plans to make adjustments to the actual implementation process. A DDR programme does not end with the exit of the peacekeeping mission. While security may be restored, the broader task of linking the DDR programme to overall development, i.e., the sustainable reintegration of ex-com- batants and long-term stability, remains. It is therefore essential that the departure of the peacekeeping mission is planned with the UN country team as early as possible to ensure that capacities are sufficiently built up in the country team for it to assume the full financial, logistic and human resources responsibilities for the continuation of the longer-term aspects of the DDR programme. A second essential requirement is the building of national capacities to assume full responsibility for the DDR programme, which should begin from the start of the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":534, "Sentence":"While security may be restored, the broader task of linking the DDR programme to overall development, i.e., the sustainable reintegration of ex-com- batants and long-term stability, remains.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures security may restored broader task linking ddr programme overall development i.e . sustainable reintegration excom batants longterm stability remains ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.5. Phase V: Continuation and transition planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR strategy and plan should remain flexible so as to be able to deal with changing circumstances and demands at the country level, and should possess a capacity to adapt in order to deal with shortcomings and new opportunities. Continuation planning involves a process of periodic reviews, monitoring and real-time evaluations to measure performance and impact during implementation of the DDR programme, as well as revisions to programmatic and operational plans to make adjustments to the actual implementation process. A DDR programme does not end with the exit of the peacekeeping mission. While security may be restored, the broader task of linking the DDR programme to overall development, i.e., the sustainable reintegration of ex-com- batants and long-term stability, remains. It is therefore essential that the departure of the peacekeeping mission is planned with the UN country team as early as possible to ensure that capacities are sufficiently built up in the country team for it to assume the full financial, logistic and human resources responsibilities for the continuation of the longer-term aspects of the DDR programme. A second essential requirement is the building of national capacities to assume full responsibility for the DDR programme, which should begin from the start of the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":534, "Sentence":"It is therefore essential that the departure of the peacekeeping mission is planned with the UN country team as early as possible to ensure that capacities are sufficiently built up in the country team for it to assume the full financial, logistic and human resources responsibilities for the continuation of the longer-term aspects of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures therefore essential departure peacekeeping mission planned un country team early possible ensure capacity sufficiently built country team assume full financial logistic human resource responsibility continuation longerterm aspect ddr programme ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"5. Situating DDR within UN and national planning in post-conflict contexts", "Heading2":"5.5. Phase V: Continuation and transition planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR strategy and plan should remain flexible so as to be able to deal with changing circumstances and demands at the country level, and should possess a capacity to adapt in order to deal with shortcomings and new opportunities. Continuation planning involves a process of periodic reviews, monitoring and real-time evaluations to measure performance and impact during implementation of the DDR programme, as well as revisions to programmatic and operational plans to make adjustments to the actual implementation process. A DDR programme does not end with the exit of the peacekeeping mission. While security may be restored, the broader task of linking the DDR programme to overall development, i.e., the sustainable reintegration of ex-com- batants and long-term stability, remains. It is therefore essential that the departure of the peacekeeping mission is planned with the UN country team as early as possible to ensure that capacities are sufficiently built up in the country team for it to assume the full financial, logistic and human resources responsibilities for the continuation of the longer-term aspects of the DDR programme. A second essential requirement is the building of national capacities to assume full responsibility for the DDR programme, which should begin from the start of the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":534, "Sentence":"A second essential requirement is the building of national capacities to assume full responsibility for the DDR programme, which should begin from the start of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures second essential requirement building national capacity assume full responsibility ddr programme begin start ddr programme ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"6. Institutional requirements and methods for planning", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The objective of an integrated UN approach to DDR in the context of peace operations is to combine the different experiences, competencies and resources of UN funds, programmes, departments and agencies within a common approach and framework for planning and developing DDR programming, and to ensure a consistent and decentralized approach to implementation.Achieving the above objective requires sound mission planning involving all relevant UN agencies, departments, funds and programmes at both the Headquarters and field levels. The planning of integrated DDR programmes should be coordinated closely with the broader integrated mission planning and design process, and, ideally, should start before the mandate for the mission is adopted.Within this framework, the following Headquarters- and country-level institutional requirements are needed to ensure an overall integrated approach to developing, implemen- ting and evaluating DDR programming in the country in which is has been implemented.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":535, "Sentence":"The objective of an integrated UN approach to DDR in the context of peace operations is to combine the different experiences, competencies and resources of UN funds, programmes, departments and agencies within a common approach and framework for planning and developing DDR programming, and to ensure a consistent and decentralized approach to implementation.Achieving the above objective requires sound mission planning involving all relevant UN agencies, departments, funds and programmes at both the Headquarters and field levels.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures objective integrated un approach ddr context peace operation combine different experience competency resource un fund programme department agency within common approach framework planning developing ddr programming ensure consistent decentralized approach implementation.achieving objective requires sound mission planning involving relevant un agency department fund programme headquarters field level ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"6. Institutional requirements and methods for planning", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The objective of an integrated UN approach to DDR in the context of peace operations is to combine the different experiences, competencies and resources of UN funds, programmes, departments and agencies within a common approach and framework for planning and developing DDR programming, and to ensure a consistent and decentralized approach to implementation.Achieving the above objective requires sound mission planning involving all relevant UN agencies, departments, funds and programmes at both the Headquarters and field levels. The planning of integrated DDR programmes should be coordinated closely with the broader integrated mission planning and design process, and, ideally, should start before the mandate for the mission is adopted.Within this framework, the following Headquarters- and country-level institutional requirements are needed to ensure an overall integrated approach to developing, implemen- ting and evaluating DDR programming in the country in which is has been implemented.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":535, "Sentence":"The planning of integrated DDR programmes should be coordinated closely with the broader integrated mission planning and design process, and, ideally, should start before the mandate for the mission is adopted.Within this framework, the following Headquarters- and country-level institutional requirements are needed to ensure an overall integrated approach to developing, implemen- ting and evaluating DDR programming in the country in which is has been implemented.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures planning integrated ddr programme coordinated closely broader integrated mission planning design process ideally start mandate mission adopted.within framework following headquarters countrylevel institutional requirement needed ensure overall integrated approach developing implemen ting evaluating ddr programming country implemented ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"6. Institutional requirements and methods for planning", "Heading2":"6.1. Planning structures: Headquarters", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The establishment of an interdepartmental mission task force (IMTF) provides a framework within which various UN entities should contribute to the coordination and planning of peace operations, and ensures that institutional and field-level capacities and resources work closely and effectively together to achieve the objectives of a particular mission.An IMTF subgroup on DDR should be established within this framework to ensure an integrated approach to pre-deployment planning at the Headquarters level (i.e., before a field presence has been established). The key planning functions to be covered by the IMTF DDR subgroup should include the design and planning of integrated staffing struc- tures (as far as possible); agreement on common lines of authority for DDR planning, operations and implementation; institutional division of responsibilities; integrated task management organization; the drawing up of an overall budget; and the inclusion of best practices learned from earlier missions. In the pre-deployment phase, the IMTF subgroups should also act as the institutional focal points and links between Headquarters and field operations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":536, "Sentence":"The establishment of an interdepartmental mission task force (IMTF) provides a framework within which various UN entities should contribute to the coordination and planning of peace operations, and ensures that institutional and field-level capacities and resources work closely and effectively together to achieve the objectives of a particular mission.An IMTF subgroup on DDR should be established within this framework to ensure an integrated approach to pre-deployment planning at the Headquarters level (i.e., before a field presence has been established).", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures establishment interdepartmental mission task force imtf provides framework within various un entity contribute coordination planning peace operation ensures institutional fieldlevel capacity resource work closely effectively together achieve objective particular mission.an imtf subgroup ddr established within framework ensure integrated approach predeployment planning headquarters level i.e . field presence established ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"6. Institutional requirements and methods for planning", "Heading2":"6.1. Planning structures: Headquarters", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The establishment of an interdepartmental mission task force (IMTF) provides a framework within which various UN entities should contribute to the coordination and planning of peace operations, and ensures that institutional and field-level capacities and resources work closely and effectively together to achieve the objectives of a particular mission.An IMTF subgroup on DDR should be established within this framework to ensure an integrated approach to pre-deployment planning at the Headquarters level (i.e., before a field presence has been established). The key planning functions to be covered by the IMTF DDR subgroup should include the design and planning of integrated staffing struc- tures (as far as possible); agreement on common lines of authority for DDR planning, operations and implementation; institutional division of responsibilities; integrated task management organization; the drawing up of an overall budget; and the inclusion of best practices learned from earlier missions. In the pre-deployment phase, the IMTF subgroups should also act as the institutional focal points and links between Headquarters and field operations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":536, "Sentence":"The key planning functions to be covered by the IMTF DDR subgroup should include the design and planning of integrated staffing struc- tures (as far as possible); agreement on common lines of authority for DDR planning, operations and implementation; institutional division of responsibilities; integrated task management organization; the drawing up of an overall budget; and the inclusion of best practices learned from earlier missions.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures key planning function covered imtf ddr subgroup include design planning integrated staffing struc tures far possible agreement common line authority ddr planning operation implementation institutional division responsibility integrated task management organization drawing overall budget inclusion best practice learned earlier mission ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"6. Institutional requirements and methods for planning", "Heading2":"6.1. Planning structures: Headquarters", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The establishment of an interdepartmental mission task force (IMTF) provides a framework within which various UN entities should contribute to the coordination and planning of peace operations, and ensures that institutional and field-level capacities and resources work closely and effectively together to achieve the objectives of a particular mission.An IMTF subgroup on DDR should be established within this framework to ensure an integrated approach to pre-deployment planning at the Headquarters level (i.e., before a field presence has been established). The key planning functions to be covered by the IMTF DDR subgroup should include the design and planning of integrated staffing struc- tures (as far as possible); agreement on common lines of authority for DDR planning, operations and implementation; institutional division of responsibilities; integrated task management organization; the drawing up of an overall budget; and the inclusion of best practices learned from earlier missions. In the pre-deployment phase, the IMTF subgroups should also act as the institutional focal points and links between Headquarters and field operations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":536, "Sentence":"In the pre-deployment phase, the IMTF subgroups should also act as the institutional focal points and links between Headquarters and field operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures predeployment phase imtf subgroup also act institutional focal point link headquarters field operation ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"6. Institutional requirements and methods for planning", "Heading2":"6.2. Field DDR planning structures and processes", "Heading3":"6.2.1. UN country team DDR task force", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"To ensure effective and sustainable involvement of the UN country team in integrated DDR programming, a UN country team DDR task force (headed by the DSRSG) and technical working group should be established to manage and supervise the integrated approach, including providing the resources and staff that have been agreed upon, being involved in key strategic decisions, and ensuring adequate liaison with Headquarters-level bodies and processes. Individual members of the UN country team shall be responsible for ensuring that their respective agencies, funds or programmes fulfil the responsibilities and carry out the roles defined in the integrated DDR strategy.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":537, "Sentence":"To ensure effective and sustainable involvement of the UN country team in integrated DDR programming, a UN country team DDR task force (headed by the DSRSG) and technical working group should be established to manage and supervise the integrated approach, including providing the resources and staff that have been agreed upon, being involved in key strategic decisions, and ensuring adequate liaison with Headquarters-level bodies and processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures ensure effective sustainable involvement un country team integrated ddr programming un country team ddr task force headed dsrsg technical working group established manage supervise integrated approach including providing resource staff agreed upon involved key strategic decision ensuring adequate liaison headquarterslevel body process ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"6. Institutional requirements and methods for planning", "Heading2":"6.2. Field DDR planning structures and processes", "Heading3":"6.2.1. UN country team DDR task force", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"To ensure effective and sustainable involvement of the UN country team in integrated DDR programming, a UN country team DDR task force (headed by the DSRSG) and technical working group should be established to manage and supervise the integrated approach, including providing the resources and staff that have been agreed upon, being involved in key strategic decisions, and ensuring adequate liaison with Headquarters-level bodies and processes. Individual members of the UN country team shall be responsible for ensuring that their respective agencies, funds or programmes fulfil the responsibilities and carry out the roles defined in the integrated DDR strategy.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":537, "Sentence":"Individual members of the UN country team shall be responsible for ensuring that their respective agencies, funds or programmes fulfil the responsibilities and carry out the roles defined in the integrated DDR strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures individual member un country team shall responsible ensuring respective agency fund programme fulfil responsibility carry role defined integrated ddr strategy ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"6. Institutional requirements and methods for planning", "Heading2":"6.2. Field DDR planning structures and processes", "Heading3":"6.2.2. Mission DDR steering group", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Given the involvement of the different components of the mission in DDR or DDR-related activities, a DDR steering group should also be established within the peacekeeping mission to ensure the exchange of information, joint planning and joint operations. The DSRSG should chair such a steering group. The steering group should include, at the very least, the DSRSG (political\/rule of law), force commander, police commissioner, chief of civil affairs, chief of political affairs, chief of public information, chief of administration and chief of the DDR unit.Given the central role played by the UN country team and Resident Coordinator in coordinating UN activities in the field both before and after peace operations, as well as its continued role after peace operations have come to an end, the UN country team should retain strategic oversight of and responsibility, together with the mission, for putting the integrated DDR approach into operation at the field level.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":538, "Sentence":"Given the involvement of the different components of the mission in DDR or DDR-related activities, a DDR steering group should also be established within the peacekeeping mission to ensure the exchange of information, joint planning and joint operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures given involvement different component mission ddr ddrrelated activity ddr steering group also established within peacekeeping mission ensure exchange information joint planning joint operation ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"6. Institutional requirements and methods for planning", "Heading2":"6.2. Field DDR planning structures and processes", "Heading3":"6.2.2. Mission DDR steering group", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Given the involvement of the different components of the mission in DDR or DDR-related activities, a DDR steering group should also be established within the peacekeeping mission to ensure the exchange of information, joint planning and joint operations. The DSRSG should chair such a steering group. The steering group should include, at the very least, the DSRSG (political\/rule of law), force commander, police commissioner, chief of civil affairs, chief of political affairs, chief of public information, chief of administration and chief of the DDR unit.Given the central role played by the UN country team and Resident Coordinator in coordinating UN activities in the field both before and after peace operations, as well as its continued role after peace operations have come to an end, the UN country team should retain strategic oversight of and responsibility, together with the mission, for putting the integrated DDR approach into operation at the field level.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":538, "Sentence":"The DSRSG should chair such a steering group.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures dsrsg chair steering group ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"6. Institutional requirements and methods for planning", "Heading2":"6.2. Field DDR planning structures and processes", "Heading3":"6.2.2. Mission DDR steering group", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Given the involvement of the different components of the mission in DDR or DDR-related activities, a DDR steering group should also be established within the peacekeeping mission to ensure the exchange of information, joint planning and joint operations. The DSRSG should chair such a steering group. The steering group should include, at the very least, the DSRSG (political\/rule of law), force commander, police commissioner, chief of civil affairs, chief of political affairs, chief of public information, chief of administration and chief of the DDR unit.Given the central role played by the UN country team and Resident Coordinator in coordinating UN activities in the field both before and after peace operations, as well as its continued role after peace operations have come to an end, the UN country team should retain strategic oversight of and responsibility, together with the mission, for putting the integrated DDR approach into operation at the field level.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":538, "Sentence":"The steering group should include, at the very least, the DSRSG (political\/rule of law), force commander, police commissioner, chief of civil affairs, chief of political affairs, chief of public information, chief of administration and chief of the DDR unit.Given the central role played by the UN country team and Resident Coordinator in coordinating UN activities in the field both before and after peace operations, as well as its continued role after peace operations have come to an end, the UN country team should retain strategic oversight of and responsibility, together with the mission, for putting the integrated DDR approach into operation at the field level.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures steering group include least dsrsg political\/rule law force commander police commissioner chief civil affair chief political affair chief public information chief administration chief ddr unit.given central role played un country team resident coordinator coordinating un activity field peace operation well continued role peace operation come end un country team retain strategic oversight responsibility together mission putting integrated ddr approach operation field level ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"6. Institutional requirements and methods for planning", "Heading2":"6.2. Field DDR planning structures and processes", "Heading3":"6.2.3. Integrated UN DDR unit", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"An integrated DDR unit should be established within the peacekeeping mission in order to ensure that planning and implementation of the DDR strategy and programmes is com- prehensive and coordinated, and includes all the necessary elements, within the missionand among partners in the field (see Annex C and IDDRS 3.42 on Personnel and Staffing).Given the important differences among the administrative and financial procedures of different UN Agencies, Departments, Funds and Programmes, as well as their various implementation methods, it is not possible to achieve complete operational\/administrative integration. Instead, the goal should be complete integration at the planning level and in the methods of the various entities involved in the mission to ensure efficient and timely coordination of operations within this framework.An integrated and centralized mechanism for reporting on DDR programme results should be established to compile, consolidate and distribute information and monitor results from the activities of all the UN entities involved.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":539, "Sentence":"An integrated DDR unit should be established within the peacekeeping mission in order to ensure that planning and implementation of the DDR strategy and programmes is com- prehensive and coordinated, and includes all the necessary elements, within the missionand among partners in the field (see Annex C and IDDRS 3.42 on Personnel and Staffing).Given the important differences among the administrative and financial procedures of different UN Agencies, Departments, Funds and Programmes, as well as their various implementation methods, it is not possible to achieve complete operational\/administrative integration.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures integrated ddr unit established within peacekeeping mission order ensure planning implementation ddr strategy programme com prehensive coordinated includes necessary element within missionand among partner field see annex c iddrs 3.42 personnel staffing.given important difference among administrative financial procedure different un agency department fund programme well various implementation method possible achieve complete operational\/administrative integration ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"6. Institutional requirements and methods for planning", "Heading2":"6.2. Field DDR planning structures and processes", "Heading3":"6.2.3. Integrated UN DDR unit", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"An integrated DDR unit should be established within the peacekeeping mission in order to ensure that planning and implementation of the DDR strategy and programmes is com- prehensive and coordinated, and includes all the necessary elements, within the missionand among partners in the field (see Annex C and IDDRS 3.42 on Personnel and Staffing).Given the important differences among the administrative and financial procedures of different UN Agencies, Departments, Funds and Programmes, as well as their various implementation methods, it is not possible to achieve complete operational\/administrative integration. Instead, the goal should be complete integration at the planning level and in the methods of the various entities involved in the mission to ensure efficient and timely coordination of operations within this framework.An integrated and centralized mechanism for reporting on DDR programme results should be established to compile, consolidate and distribute information and monitor results from the activities of all the UN entities involved.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":539, "Sentence":"Instead, the goal should be complete integration at the planning level and in the methods of the various entities involved in the mission to ensure efficient and timely coordination of operations within this framework.An integrated and centralized mechanism for reporting on DDR programme results should be established to compile, consolidate and distribute information and monitor results from the activities of all the UN entities involved.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures instead goal complete integration planning level method various entity involved mission ensure efficient timely coordination operation within framework.an integrated centralized mechanism reporting ddr programme result established compile consolidate distribute information monitor result activity un entity involved ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"6. Institutional requirements and methods for planning", "Heading2":"6.2. Field DDR planning structures and processes", "Heading3":"6.2.4. Integrated planning, programming and management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"To ensure an integrated approach to DDR programme development and management, all UN entities should participate in and contribute to the various processes involved, in parti- cular, conducting comprehensive technical assessments, the design of a programme strategy, the identification of key outputs and results and the development of integrated management arrangements. Participation in these processes is essential to the identification of how each UN entity can best contribute, according to its particular expertise, to both the integrated DDR strategy and the precise methods for ensuring the best possible coordination and a joint overall approach.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":540, "Sentence":"To ensure an integrated approach to DDR programme development and management, all UN entities should participate in and contribute to the various processes involved, in parti- cular, conducting comprehensive technical assessments, the design of a programme strategy, the identification of key outputs and results and the development of integrated management arrangements.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures ensure integrated approach ddr programme development management un entity participate contribute various process involved parti cular conducting comprehensive technical assessment design programme strategy identification key output result development integrated management arrangement ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"6. Institutional requirements and methods for planning", "Heading2":"6.2. Field DDR planning structures and processes", "Heading3":"6.2.4. Integrated planning, programming and management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"To ensure an integrated approach to DDR programme development and management, all UN entities should participate in and contribute to the various processes involved, in parti- cular, conducting comprehensive technical assessments, the design of a programme strategy, the identification of key outputs and results and the development of integrated management arrangements. Participation in these processes is essential to the identification of how each UN entity can best contribute, according to its particular expertise, to both the integrated DDR strategy and the precise methods for ensuring the best possible coordination and a joint overall approach.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":540, "Sentence":"Participation in these processes is essential to the identification of how each UN entity can best contribute, according to its particular expertise, to both the integrated DDR strategy and the precise methods for ensuring the best possible coordination and a joint overall approach.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures participation process essential identification un entity best contribute according particular expertise integrated ddr strategy precise method ensuring best possible coordination joint overall approach ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"6. Institutional requirements and methods for planning", "Heading2":"6.2. Field DDR planning structures and processes", "Heading3":"6.2.5. Joint operations and implementation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"A joint \u2014 as opposed to fully integrated \u2014 approach to DDR operations and implementa- tion should be adopted among all participating UN entities, involving close coordination using a common operational work plan. To maximize coordination, overall authority for coordination and supervision of implementation should be delegated to those UN staff integrated into the DDR programme management structure, while the programme should be implemented by the appropriate agency staff.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":541, "Sentence":"A joint \u2014 as opposed to fully integrated \u2014 approach to DDR operations and implementa- tion should be adopted among all participating UN entities, involving close coordination using a common operational work plan.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures joint \u2014 opposed fully integrated \u2014 approach ddr operation implementa tion adopted among participating un entity involving close coordination using common operational work plan ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"6. Institutional requirements and methods for planning", "Heading2":"6.2. Field DDR planning structures and processes", "Heading3":"6.2.5. Joint operations and implementation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"A joint \u2014 as opposed to fully integrated \u2014 approach to DDR operations and implementa- tion should be adopted among all participating UN entities, involving close coordination using a common operational work plan. To maximize coordination, overall authority for coordination and supervision of implementation should be delegated to those UN staff integrated into the DDR programme management structure, while the programme should be implemented by the appropriate agency staff.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":541, "Sentence":"To maximize coordination, overall authority for coordination and supervision of implementation should be delegated to those UN staff integrated into the DDR programme management structure, while the programme should be implemented by the appropriate agency staff.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures maximize coordination overall authority coordination supervision implementation delegated un staff integrated ddr programme management structure programme implemented appropriate agency staff ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"This annex provides a guide to the preparation and carrying out of a DDR assessment mission.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":542, "Sentence":"This annex provides a guide to the preparation and carrying out of a DDR assessment mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures annex provides guide preparation carrying ddr assessment mission ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Preparation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In order to ensure that the maximum amount of information is gathered from meetings in the mission area, a great deal of preparatory work should be done before starting the assess- ment mission.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":543, "Sentence":"In order to ensure that the maximum amount of information is gathered from meetings in the mission area, a great deal of preparatory work should be done before starting the assess- ment mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures order ensure maximum amount information gathered meeting mission area great deal preparatory work done starting ass ment mission ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Preparation", "Heading3":"Background information", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"This will include developing a good understanding of the following: \\n the UN approach to DDR issues; \\n an overview of the regional conflict map; neighbouring States\u2019 political, commercial and security interests, etc.; \\n the country situation, including the number and availability of small arms and light weapons;1 \\n existing work being performed by the UN country team and other partners, such as the World Bank and non-governmental organizations (NGOs); \\n existing provisions for DDR within current security arrangements or peace agreements signed between parties to the conflict; \\n the experience of previous DDR operations (if any) and the role of regional organiza- tions and interested Member States.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":544, "Sentence":"This will include developing a good understanding of the following: \\n the UN approach to DDR issues; \\n an overview of the regional conflict map; neighbouring States\u2019 political, commercial and security interests, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures include developing good understanding following n un approach ddr issue n overview regional conflict map neighbouring state \u2019 political commercial security interest etc ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Preparation", "Heading3":"Background information", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"This will include developing a good understanding of the following: \\n the UN approach to DDR issues; \\n an overview of the regional conflict map; neighbouring States\u2019 political, commercial and security interests, etc.; \\n the country situation, including the number and availability of small arms and light weapons;1 \\n existing work being performed by the UN country team and other partners, such as the World Bank and non-governmental organizations (NGOs); \\n existing provisions for DDR within current security arrangements or peace agreements signed between parties to the conflict; \\n the experience of previous DDR operations (if any) and the role of regional organiza- tions and interested Member States.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":544, "Sentence":"; \\n the country situation, including the number and availability of small arms and light weapons;1 \\n existing work being performed by the UN country team and other partners, such as the World Bank and non-governmental organizations (NGOs); \\n existing provisions for DDR within current security arrangements or peace agreements signed between parties to the conflict; \\n the experience of previous DDR operations (if any) and the role of regional organiza- tions and interested Member States.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures n country situation including number availability small arm light weapons1 n existing work performed un country team partner world bank nongovernmental organization ngo n existing provision ddr within current security arrangement peace agreement signed party conflict n experience previous ddr operation role regional organiza tions interested member state ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Preparation", "Heading3":"Meetings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Staff members on a DDR assessment visit should plan to meet with representatives from: \\n the parties to the conflict at the political and military levels; \\n members of the government; \\n civil society (such as political parties, church groups, women\u2019s organizations, local NGOs, etc.); \\n regional mediators or regional organizations, including monitoring bodies; \n interested Member States supporting the peace process; \\n members of the UN country team and international organizations; \\n major international NGOs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":545, "Sentence":"Staff members on a DDR assessment visit should plan to meet with representatives from: \\n the parties to the conflict at the political and military levels; \\n members of the government; \\n civil society (such as political parties, church groups, women\u2019s organizations, local NGOs, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures staff member ddr assessment visit plan meet representative n party conflict political military level n member government n civil society political party church group woman \u2019 organization local ngo etc ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Preparation", "Heading3":"Meetings", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Staff members on a DDR assessment visit should plan to meet with representatives from: \\n the parties to the conflict at the political and military levels; \\n members of the government; \\n civil society (such as political parties, church groups, women\u2019s organizations, local NGOs, etc.); \\n regional mediators or regional organizations, including monitoring bodies; \n interested Member States supporting the peace process; \\n members of the UN country team and international organizations; \\n major international NGOs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":545, "Sentence":"); \\n regional mediators or regional organizations, including monitoring bodies; \n interested Member States supporting the peace process; \\n members of the UN country team and international organizations; \\n major international NGOs.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures n regional mediator regional organization including monitoring body interested member state supporting peace process n member un country team international organization n major international ngo ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Conduct of the DDR assessment mission", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The aim of the assessment mission is to develop an in-depth understanding of the key DDR-related areas, in order to ensure efficient, effective and timely planning and resource mobilization for the DDR programme. The DDR staff member(s) of a DDR assessment mission should develop a good understanding of the following areas: \\n the legal framework for the DDR programme, i.e., the peace agreement; \\n specifically designated groups that will participate in the DDR programme; \\n the DDR planning and implementation context; \\n international, regional and national implementing partners; \\n methods for implementing the different phases of the DDR programme; \\n a public information strategy for distributing information about the DDR programme; \\n military\/police- and security-related DDR tasks; \\n administrative and logistic support requirements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":546, "Sentence":"The aim of the assessment mission is to develop an in-depth understanding of the key DDR-related areas, in order to ensure efficient, effective and timely planning and resource mobilization for the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures aim assessment mission develop indepth understanding key ddrrelated area order ensure efficient effective timely planning resource mobilization ddr programme ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Conduct of the DDR assessment mission", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The aim of the assessment mission is to develop an in-depth understanding of the key DDR-related areas, in order to ensure efficient, effective and timely planning and resource mobilization for the DDR programme. The DDR staff member(s) of a DDR assessment mission should develop a good understanding of the following areas: \\n the legal framework for the DDR programme, i.e., the peace agreement; \\n specifically designated groups that will participate in the DDR programme; \\n the DDR planning and implementation context; \\n international, regional and national implementing partners; \\n methods for implementing the different phases of the DDR programme; \\n a public information strategy for distributing information about the DDR programme; \\n military\/police- and security-related DDR tasks; \\n administrative and logistic support requirements.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":546, "Sentence":"The DDR staff member(s) of a DDR assessment mission should develop a good understanding of the following areas: \\n the legal framework for the DDR programme, i.e., the peace agreement; \\n specifically designated groups that will participate in the DDR programme; \\n the DDR planning and implementation context; \\n international, regional and national implementing partners; \\n methods for implementing the different phases of the DDR programme; \\n a public information strategy for distributing information about the DDR programme; \\n military\/police- and security-related DDR tasks; \\n administrative and logistic support requirements.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures ddr staff member ddr assessment mission develop good understanding following area n legal framework ddr programme i.e . peace agreement n specifically designated group participate ddr programme n ddr planning implementation context n international regional national implementing partner n method implementing different phase ddr programme n public information strategy distributing information ddr programme n military\/police securityrelated ddr task n administrative logistic support requirement ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Legal framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"In most post-conflict situations, a peace agreement provides the legal framework for the implementation of a DDR programme. Many of the terms and conditions of the DDR pro- gramme should be specified in the peace agreement: who is to be disarmed; by whom; the time schedule for disarmament; the nature of the programme (disengagement, cantonment, type of reintegration assistance); and institutional arrangements (national and international) to guide and implement the programme.The assessment mission should decide whether the agreed terms and conditions con- tained in the legal framework are sufficient or realistic enough to allow successful imple- mentation of the DDR programme. If an assessment mission is carried out before any legal framework has been established, efforts should be made to ensure that there is clarity and agreement on the key DDR issues. Much of the required information may not be contained within the peace agreement. Therefore, the joint assessment mission is an important tool to gather more information in order to structure a UN approach to support the mission DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":547, "Sentence":"In most post-conflict situations, a peace agreement provides the legal framework for the implementation of a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures postconflict situation peace agreement provides legal framework implementation ddr programme ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Legal framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"In most post-conflict situations, a peace agreement provides the legal framework for the implementation of a DDR programme. Many of the terms and conditions of the DDR pro- gramme should be specified in the peace agreement: who is to be disarmed; by whom; the time schedule for disarmament; the nature of the programme (disengagement, cantonment, type of reintegration assistance); and institutional arrangements (national and international) to guide and implement the programme.The assessment mission should decide whether the agreed terms and conditions con- tained in the legal framework are sufficient or realistic enough to allow successful imple- mentation of the DDR programme. If an assessment mission is carried out before any legal framework has been established, efforts should be made to ensure that there is clarity and agreement on the key DDR issues. Much of the required information may not be contained within the peace agreement. Therefore, the joint assessment mission is an important tool to gather more information in order to structure a UN approach to support the mission DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":547, "Sentence":"Many of the terms and conditions of the DDR pro- gramme should be specified in the peace agreement: who is to be disarmed; by whom; the time schedule for disarmament; the nature of the programme (disengagement, cantonment, type of reintegration assistance); and institutional arrangements (national and international) to guide and implement the programme.The assessment mission should decide whether the agreed terms and conditions con- tained in the legal framework are sufficient or realistic enough to allow successful imple- mentation of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures many term condition ddr pro gramme specified peace agreement disarmed time schedule disarmament nature programme disengagement cantonment type reintegration assistance institutional arrangement national international guide implement programme.the assessment mission decide whether agreed term condition con tained legal framework sufficient realistic enough allow successful imple mentation ddr programme ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Legal framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"In most post-conflict situations, a peace agreement provides the legal framework for the implementation of a DDR programme. Many of the terms and conditions of the DDR pro- gramme should be specified in the peace agreement: who is to be disarmed; by whom; the time schedule for disarmament; the nature of the programme (disengagement, cantonment, type of reintegration assistance); and institutional arrangements (national and international) to guide and implement the programme.The assessment mission should decide whether the agreed terms and conditions con- tained in the legal framework are sufficient or realistic enough to allow successful imple- mentation of the DDR programme. If an assessment mission is carried out before any legal framework has been established, efforts should be made to ensure that there is clarity and agreement on the key DDR issues. Much of the required information may not be contained within the peace agreement. Therefore, the joint assessment mission is an important tool to gather more information in order to structure a UN approach to support the mission DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":547, "Sentence":"If an assessment mission is carried out before any legal framework has been established, efforts should be made to ensure that there is clarity and agreement on the key DDR issues.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures assessment mission carried legal framework established effort made ensure clarity agreement key ddr issue ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Legal framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"In most post-conflict situations, a peace agreement provides the legal framework for the implementation of a DDR programme. Many of the terms and conditions of the DDR pro- gramme should be specified in the peace agreement: who is to be disarmed; by whom; the time schedule for disarmament; the nature of the programme (disengagement, cantonment, type of reintegration assistance); and institutional arrangements (national and international) to guide and implement the programme.The assessment mission should decide whether the agreed terms and conditions con- tained in the legal framework are sufficient or realistic enough to allow successful imple- mentation of the DDR programme. If an assessment mission is carried out before any legal framework has been established, efforts should be made to ensure that there is clarity and agreement on the key DDR issues. Much of the required information may not be contained within the peace agreement. Therefore, the joint assessment mission is an important tool to gather more information in order to structure a UN approach to support the mission DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":547, "Sentence":"Much of the required information may not be contained within the peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures much required information may contained within peace agreement ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Legal framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"In most post-conflict situations, a peace agreement provides the legal framework for the implementation of a DDR programme. Many of the terms and conditions of the DDR pro- gramme should be specified in the peace agreement: who is to be disarmed; by whom; the time schedule for disarmament; the nature of the programme (disengagement, cantonment, type of reintegration assistance); and institutional arrangements (national and international) to guide and implement the programme.The assessment mission should decide whether the agreed terms and conditions con- tained in the legal framework are sufficient or realistic enough to allow successful imple- mentation of the DDR programme. If an assessment mission is carried out before any legal framework has been established, efforts should be made to ensure that there is clarity and agreement on the key DDR issues. Much of the required information may not be contained within the peace agreement. Therefore, the joint assessment mission is an important tool to gather more information in order to structure a UN approach to support the mission DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":547, "Sentence":"Therefore, the joint assessment mission is an important tool to gather more information in order to structure a UN approach to support the mission DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures therefore joint assessment mission important tool gather information order structure un approach support mission ddr programme ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"A key aspect of the assessment mission is to understand the opportunities and problems posed by the unique political\/diplomatic, military and socio-economic context in the post- conflict society, and assess their implications for the planning and implementation of the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":548, "Sentence":"A key aspect of the assessment mission is to understand the opportunities and problems posed by the unique political\/diplomatic, military and socio-economic context in the post- conflict society, and assess their implications for the planning and implementation of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures key aspect assessment mission understand opportunity problem posed unique political\/diplomatic military socioeconomic context post conflict society ass implication planning implementation ddr programme ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Political and diplomatic factors", "Heading4":"Political will", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"A genuine commitment of the parties to the process is vital to the success of DDR. Commit- ment on the part of the former warring parties, as well as the government and the community at large, is essential to ensure that there is national ownership of the DDR programme. Often, the fact that parties have signed a peace agreement indicating their willingness to be dis- armed may not always represent actual intent (at all levels of the armed forces and groups) to do so. A thorough understanding of the (potentially different) levels of commitment to the DDR process will be important in determining the methods by which the international community may apply pressure or offer incentives to encourage cooperation. Different incentive (and disincentive) structures are required for senior-, middle- and lower-level members of an armed force or group. It is also important that political and military com- manders (senior- and middle-level) have sufficient command and control over their rank and file to ensure compliance with DDR provisions agreed to and included in the peace agreement.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":549, "Sentence":"A genuine commitment of the parties to the process is vital to the success of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures genuine commitment party process vital success ddr ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Political and diplomatic factors", "Heading4":"Political will", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"A genuine commitment of the parties to the process is vital to the success of DDR. Commit- ment on the part of the former warring parties, as well as the government and the community at large, is essential to ensure that there is national ownership of the DDR programme. Often, the fact that parties have signed a peace agreement indicating their willingness to be dis- armed may not always represent actual intent (at all levels of the armed forces and groups) to do so. A thorough understanding of the (potentially different) levels of commitment to the DDR process will be important in determining the methods by which the international community may apply pressure or offer incentives to encourage cooperation. Different incentive (and disincentive) structures are required for senior-, middle- and lower-level members of an armed force or group. It is also important that political and military com- manders (senior- and middle-level) have sufficient command and control over their rank and file to ensure compliance with DDR provisions agreed to and included in the peace agreement.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":549, "Sentence":"Commit- ment on the part of the former warring parties, as well as the government and the community at large, is essential to ensure that there is national ownership of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures commit ment part former warring party well government community large essential ensure national ownership ddr programme ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Political and diplomatic factors", "Heading4":"Political will", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"A genuine commitment of the parties to the process is vital to the success of DDR. Commit- ment on the part of the former warring parties, as well as the government and the community at large, is essential to ensure that there is national ownership of the DDR programme. Often, the fact that parties have signed a peace agreement indicating their willingness to be dis- armed may not always represent actual intent (at all levels of the armed forces and groups) to do so. A thorough understanding of the (potentially different) levels of commitment to the DDR process will be important in determining the methods by which the international community may apply pressure or offer incentives to encourage cooperation. Different incentive (and disincentive) structures are required for senior-, middle- and lower-level members of an armed force or group. It is also important that political and military com- manders (senior- and middle-level) have sufficient command and control over their rank and file to ensure compliance with DDR provisions agreed to and included in the peace agreement.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":549, "Sentence":"Often, the fact that parties have signed a peace agreement indicating their willingness to be dis- armed may not always represent actual intent (at all levels of the armed forces and groups) to do so.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures often fact party signed peace agreement indicating willingness dis armed may always represent actual intent level armed force group ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Political and diplomatic factors", "Heading4":"Political will", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"A genuine commitment of the parties to the process is vital to the success of DDR. Commit- ment on the part of the former warring parties, as well as the government and the community at large, is essential to ensure that there is national ownership of the DDR programme. Often, the fact that parties have signed a peace agreement indicating their willingness to be dis- armed may not always represent actual intent (at all levels of the armed forces and groups) to do so. A thorough understanding of the (potentially different) levels of commitment to the DDR process will be important in determining the methods by which the international community may apply pressure or offer incentives to encourage cooperation. Different incentive (and disincentive) structures are required for senior-, middle- and lower-level members of an armed force or group. It is also important that political and military com- manders (senior- and middle-level) have sufficient command and control over their rank and file to ensure compliance with DDR provisions agreed to and included in the peace agreement.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":549, "Sentence":"A thorough understanding of the (potentially different) levels of commitment to the DDR process will be important in determining the methods by which the international community may apply pressure or offer incentives to encourage cooperation.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures thorough understanding potentially different level commitment ddr process important determining method international community may apply pressure offer incentive encourage cooperation ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Political and diplomatic factors", "Heading4":"Political will", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"A genuine commitment of the parties to the process is vital to the success of DDR. Commit- ment on the part of the former warring parties, as well as the government and the community at large, is essential to ensure that there is national ownership of the DDR programme. Often, the fact that parties have signed a peace agreement indicating their willingness to be dis- armed may not always represent actual intent (at all levels of the armed forces and groups) to do so. A thorough understanding of the (potentially different) levels of commitment to the DDR process will be important in determining the methods by which the international community may apply pressure or offer incentives to encourage cooperation. Different incentive (and disincentive) structures are required for senior-, middle- and lower-level members of an armed force or group. It is also important that political and military com- manders (senior- and middle-level) have sufficient command and control over their rank and file to ensure compliance with DDR provisions agreed to and included in the peace agreement.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":549, "Sentence":"Different incentive (and disincentive) structures are required for senior-, middle- and lower-level members of an armed force or group.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures different incentive disincentive structure required senior middle lowerlevel member armed force group ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Political and diplomatic factors", "Heading4":"Political will", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"A genuine commitment of the parties to the process is vital to the success of DDR. Commit- ment on the part of the former warring parties, as well as the government and the community at large, is essential to ensure that there is national ownership of the DDR programme. Often, the fact that parties have signed a peace agreement indicating their willingness to be dis- armed may not always represent actual intent (at all levels of the armed forces and groups) to do so. A thorough understanding of the (potentially different) levels of commitment to the DDR process will be important in determining the methods by which the international community may apply pressure or offer incentives to encourage cooperation. Different incentive (and disincentive) structures are required for senior-, middle- and lower-level members of an armed force or group. It is also important that political and military com- manders (senior- and middle-level) have sufficient command and control over their rank and file to ensure compliance with DDR provisions agreed to and included in the peace agreement.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":549, "Sentence":"It is also important that political and military com- manders (senior- and middle-level) have sufficient command and control over their rank and file to ensure compliance with DDR provisions agreed to and included in the peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures also important political military com manders senior middlelevel sufficient command control rank file ensure compliance ddr provision agreed included peace agreement ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Political and diplomatic factors", "Heading4":"Inclusive national framework", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"An inclusive national framework to provide the political and policy guidance for the national DDR programme is central to two guiding principles of a successful programme: national ownership and inclusiveness. Past DDR programmes have been less successful when carried out entirely by the regional or international actors without the same level of local involve- ment to move the process forward. However, even when there is national involvement in the DDR programme, it is important to ensure that the framework for DDR brings together a broad spectrum of society to include the former warring parties, government, civil society (including children\u2019s and women\u2019s advocacy groups) and the private sector, as well as regional and international guarantors of the peace process.An inclusive national framework to provide the political and policy guidance for the national DDR programme is central to two guiding principles of a successful programme: national ownership and inclusiveness. Past DDR programmes have been less successful when carried out entirely by the regional or international actors without the same level of local involve- ment to move the process forward. However, even when there is national involvement in the DDR programme, it is important to ensure that the framework for DDR brings together a broad spectrum of society to include the former warring parties, government, civil society (including children\u2019s and women\u2019s advocacy groups) and the private sector, as well as regional and international guarantors of the peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":550, "Sentence":"An inclusive national framework to provide the political and policy guidance for the national DDR programme is central to two guiding principles of a successful programme: national ownership and inclusiveness.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures inclusive national framework provide political policy guidance national ddr programme central two guiding principle successful programme national ownership inclusiveness ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Political and diplomatic factors", "Heading4":"Inclusive national framework", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"An inclusive national framework to provide the political and policy guidance for the national DDR programme is central to two guiding principles of a successful programme: national ownership and inclusiveness. Past DDR programmes have been less successful when carried out entirely by the regional or international actors without the same level of local involve- ment to move the process forward. However, even when there is national involvement in the DDR programme, it is important to ensure that the framework for DDR brings together a broad spectrum of society to include the former warring parties, government, civil society (including children\u2019s and women\u2019s advocacy groups) and the private sector, as well as regional and international guarantors of the peace process.An inclusive national framework to provide the political and policy guidance for the national DDR programme is central to two guiding principles of a successful programme: national ownership and inclusiveness. Past DDR programmes have been less successful when carried out entirely by the regional or international actors without the same level of local involve- ment to move the process forward. However, even when there is national involvement in the DDR programme, it is important to ensure that the framework for DDR brings together a broad spectrum of society to include the former warring parties, government, civil society (including children\u2019s and women\u2019s advocacy groups) and the private sector, as well as regional and international guarantors of the peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":550, "Sentence":"Past DDR programmes have been less successful when carried out entirely by the regional or international actors without the same level of local involve- ment to move the process forward.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures past ddr programme le successful carried entirely regional international actor without level local involve ment move process forward ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Political and diplomatic factors", "Heading4":"Inclusive national framework", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"An inclusive national framework to provide the political and policy guidance for the national DDR programme is central to two guiding principles of a successful programme: national ownership and inclusiveness. Past DDR programmes have been less successful when carried out entirely by the regional or international actors without the same level of local involve- ment to move the process forward. However, even when there is national involvement in the DDR programme, it is important to ensure that the framework for DDR brings together a broad spectrum of society to include the former warring parties, government, civil society (including children\u2019s and women\u2019s advocacy groups) and the private sector, as well as regional and international guarantors of the peace process.An inclusive national framework to provide the political and policy guidance for the national DDR programme is central to two guiding principles of a successful programme: national ownership and inclusiveness. Past DDR programmes have been less successful when carried out entirely by the regional or international actors without the same level of local involve- ment to move the process forward. However, even when there is national involvement in the DDR programme, it is important to ensure that the framework for DDR brings together a broad spectrum of society to include the former warring parties, government, civil society (including children\u2019s and women\u2019s advocacy groups) and the private sector, as well as regional and international guarantors of the peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":550, "Sentence":"However, even when there is national involvement in the DDR programme, it is important to ensure that the framework for DDR brings together a broad spectrum of society to include the former warring parties, government, civil society (including children\u2019s and women\u2019s advocacy groups) and the private sector, as well as regional and international guarantors of the peace process.An inclusive national framework to provide the political and policy guidance for the national DDR programme is central to two guiding principles of a successful programme: national ownership and inclusiveness.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures however even national involvement ddr programme important ensure framework ddr brings together broad spectrum society include former warring party government civil society including child \u2019 woman \u2019 advocacy group private sector well regional international guarantor peace process.an inclusive national framework provide political policy guidance national ddr programme central two guiding principle successful programme national ownership inclusiveness ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Political and diplomatic factors", "Heading4":"Inclusive national framework", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"An inclusive national framework to provide the political and policy guidance for the national DDR programme is central to two guiding principles of a successful programme: national ownership and inclusiveness. Past DDR programmes have been less successful when carried out entirely by the regional or international actors without the same level of local involve- ment to move the process forward. However, even when there is national involvement in the DDR programme, it is important to ensure that the framework for DDR brings together a broad spectrum of society to include the former warring parties, government, civil society (including children\u2019s and women\u2019s advocacy groups) and the private sector, as well as regional and international guarantors of the peace process.An inclusive national framework to provide the political and policy guidance for the national DDR programme is central to two guiding principles of a successful programme: national ownership and inclusiveness. Past DDR programmes have been less successful when carried out entirely by the regional or international actors without the same level of local involve- ment to move the process forward. However, even when there is national involvement in the DDR programme, it is important to ensure that the framework for DDR brings together a broad spectrum of society to include the former warring parties, government, civil society (including children\u2019s and women\u2019s advocacy groups) and the private sector, as well as regional and international guarantors of the peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":550, "Sentence":"Past DDR programmes have been less successful when carried out entirely by the regional or international actors without the same level of local involve- ment to move the process forward.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures past ddr programme le successful carried entirely regional international actor without level local involve ment move process forward ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Political and diplomatic factors", "Heading4":"Inclusive national framework", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"An inclusive national framework to provide the political and policy guidance for the national DDR programme is central to two guiding principles of a successful programme: national ownership and inclusiveness. Past DDR programmes have been less successful when carried out entirely by the regional or international actors without the same level of local involve- ment to move the process forward. However, even when there is national involvement in the DDR programme, it is important to ensure that the framework for DDR brings together a broad spectrum of society to include the former warring parties, government, civil society (including children\u2019s and women\u2019s advocacy groups) and the private sector, as well as regional and international guarantors of the peace process.An inclusive national framework to provide the political and policy guidance for the national DDR programme is central to two guiding principles of a successful programme: national ownership and inclusiveness. Past DDR programmes have been less successful when carried out entirely by the regional or international actors without the same level of local involve- ment to move the process forward. However, even when there is national involvement in the DDR programme, it is important to ensure that the framework for DDR brings together a broad spectrum of society to include the former warring parties, government, civil society (including children\u2019s and women\u2019s advocacy groups) and the private sector, as well as regional and international guarantors of the peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":550, "Sentence":"However, even when there is national involvement in the DDR programme, it is important to ensure that the framework for DDR brings together a broad spectrum of society to include the former warring parties, government, civil society (including children\u2019s and women\u2019s advocacy groups) and the private sector, as well as regional and international guarantors of the peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures however even national involvement ddr programme important ensure framework ddr brings together broad spectrum society include former warring party government civil society including child \u2019 woman \u2019 advocacy group private sector well regional international guarantor peace process ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Political and diplomatic factors", "Heading4":"Transition problems and mediation mechanisms", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Post-conflict political transition processes generally experience many difficulties. Problems in any one area of the transition process can have serious implications on the DDR programme.2 A good understanding of these links and potential problems should allow planners to take the required preventive action to keep the DDR process on track, as well as provide a realistic assessment of the future progress of the DDR programme. This assessment may mean that the start of any DDR activities may have to be delayed until issues that may prevent the full commitment of all the parties involved in the DDR programme have been sorted out. For this reason, mechanisms must be established in the peace agreement to mediate the inevitable differences that will arise among the parties, in order to prevent them from under- mining or holding up the planning and implementation of the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":551, "Sentence":"Post-conflict political transition processes generally experience many difficulties.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures postconflict political transition process generally experience many difficulty ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Political and diplomatic factors", "Heading4":"Transition problems and mediation mechanisms", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Post-conflict political transition processes generally experience many difficulties. Problems in any one area of the transition process can have serious implications on the DDR programme.2 A good understanding of these links and potential problems should allow planners to take the required preventive action to keep the DDR process on track, as well as provide a realistic assessment of the future progress of the DDR programme. This assessment may mean that the start of any DDR activities may have to be delayed until issues that may prevent the full commitment of all the parties involved in the DDR programme have been sorted out. For this reason, mechanisms must be established in the peace agreement to mediate the inevitable differences that will arise among the parties, in order to prevent them from under- mining or holding up the planning and implementation of the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":551, "Sentence":"Problems in any one area of the transition process can have serious implications on the DDR programme.2 A good understanding of these links and potential problems should allow planners to take the required preventive action to keep the DDR process on track, as well as provide a realistic assessment of the future progress of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures problem one area transition process serious implication ddr programme.2 good understanding link potential problem allow planner take required preventive action keep ddr process track well provide realistic assessment future progress ddr programme ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Political and diplomatic factors", "Heading4":"Transition problems and mediation mechanisms", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Post-conflict political transition processes generally experience many difficulties. Problems in any one area of the transition process can have serious implications on the DDR programme.2 A good understanding of these links and potential problems should allow planners to take the required preventive action to keep the DDR process on track, as well as provide a realistic assessment of the future progress of the DDR programme. This assessment may mean that the start of any DDR activities may have to be delayed until issues that may prevent the full commitment of all the parties involved in the DDR programme have been sorted out. For this reason, mechanisms must be established in the peace agreement to mediate the inevitable differences that will arise among the parties, in order to prevent them from under- mining or holding up the planning and implementation of the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":551, "Sentence":"This assessment may mean that the start of any DDR activities may have to be delayed until issues that may prevent the full commitment of all the parties involved in the DDR programme have been sorted out.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures assessment may mean start ddr activity may delayed issue may prevent full commitment party involved ddr programme sorted ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Political and diplomatic factors", "Heading4":"Transition problems and mediation mechanisms", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Post-conflict political transition processes generally experience many difficulties. Problems in any one area of the transition process can have serious implications on the DDR programme.2 A good understanding of these links and potential problems should allow planners to take the required preventive action to keep the DDR process on track, as well as provide a realistic assessment of the future progress of the DDR programme. This assessment may mean that the start of any DDR activities may have to be delayed until issues that may prevent the full commitment of all the parties involved in the DDR programme have been sorted out. For this reason, mechanisms must be established in the peace agreement to mediate the inevitable differences that will arise among the parties, in order to prevent them from under- mining or holding up the planning and implementation of the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":551, "Sentence":"For this reason, mechanisms must be established in the peace agreement to mediate the inevitable differences that will arise among the parties, in order to prevent them from under- mining or holding up the planning and implementation of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures reason mechanism must established peace agreement mediate inevitable difference arise among party order prevent mining holding planning implementation ddr programme ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Political and diplomatic factors", "Heading4":"Third-party support", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Third-party political, diplomatic and financial support is often one such mediation mechanism that can reduce some of the tensions of post-conflict political transitions. Third-party actors, either influential Member States, or regional or international organizations can also focus their attention on the broader aspects of the DDR programme, such as the regional dimen- sion of the conflict, cross-border trafficking of small arms, foreign combatants and displaced civilians, as well as questions of arms embargoes and moratoriums on the transfer of arms, or other sanctions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":552, "Sentence":"Third-party political, diplomatic and financial support is often one such mediation mechanism that can reduce some of the tensions of post-conflict political transitions.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures thirdparty political diplomatic financial support often one mediation mechanism reduce tension postconflict political transition ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Political and diplomatic factors", "Heading4":"Third-party support", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Third-party political, diplomatic and financial support is often one such mediation mechanism that can reduce some of the tensions of post-conflict political transitions. Third-party actors, either influential Member States, or regional or international organizations can also focus their attention on the broader aspects of the DDR programme, such as the regional dimen- sion of the conflict, cross-border trafficking of small arms, foreign combatants and displaced civilians, as well as questions of arms embargoes and moratoriums on the transfer of arms, or other sanctions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":552, "Sentence":"Third-party actors, either influential Member States, or regional or international organizations can also focus their attention on the broader aspects of the DDR programme, such as the regional dimen- sion of the conflict, cross-border trafficking of small arms, foreign combatants and displaced civilians, as well as questions of arms embargoes and moratoriums on the transfer of arms, or other sanctions.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures thirdparty actor either influential member state regional international organization also focus attention broader aspect ddr programme regional dimen sion conflict crossborder trafficking small arm foreign combatant displaced civilian well question arm embargo moratorium transfer arm sanction ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Security factors", "Heading4":"The security situation", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the overall security situation in the country where DDR will take place is essential. Conditions and commitment often vary greatly between the capital and the regions, as well as among regions. This will influence the approach to DDR. The exist- ing security situation is one indicator of how soon and where DDR can start, and should be assessed for all stages of the DDR programme. A situation where combatants can be disarmed and demobilized, but their safety when they return to their areas of reintegration cannot be guaranteed will also be problematic.The capacity of local authorities to provide security for commanders and disarmed com- batants to carry out voluntary or coercive disarmament must be carefully assessed. A lack of national capacity in these two areas will seriously affect the resources needed by the peacekeeping force. UN military, civilian police and support capacities may be required to perform this function in the early phase of the peacekeeping mission, while simultaneously developing national capacities to eventually take over from the peacekeeping mission. If this security function is provided by a non-UN multinational force (e.g., an African Union or NATO force), the structure and processes for joint planning and operations must be assessed to ensure that such a force and the peacekeeping mission cooperate and coordinate effec- tively to implement (or support the implementation of) a coherent DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":553, "Sentence":"A good understanding of the overall security situation in the country where DDR will take place is essential.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures good understanding overall security situation country ddr take place essential ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Security factors", "Heading4":"The security situation", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the overall security situation in the country where DDR will take place is essential. Conditions and commitment often vary greatly between the capital and the regions, as well as among regions. This will influence the approach to DDR. The exist- ing security situation is one indicator of how soon and where DDR can start, and should be assessed for all stages of the DDR programme. A situation where combatants can be disarmed and demobilized, but their safety when they return to their areas of reintegration cannot be guaranteed will also be problematic.The capacity of local authorities to provide security for commanders and disarmed com- batants to carry out voluntary or coercive disarmament must be carefully assessed. A lack of national capacity in these two areas will seriously affect the resources needed by the peacekeeping force. UN military, civilian police and support capacities may be required to perform this function in the early phase of the peacekeeping mission, while simultaneously developing national capacities to eventually take over from the peacekeeping mission. If this security function is provided by a non-UN multinational force (e.g., an African Union or NATO force), the structure and processes for joint planning and operations must be assessed to ensure that such a force and the peacekeeping mission cooperate and coordinate effec- tively to implement (or support the implementation of) a coherent DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":553, "Sentence":"Conditions and commitment often vary greatly between the capital and the regions, as well as among regions.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures condition commitment often vary greatly capital region well among region ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Security factors", "Heading4":"The security situation", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the overall security situation in the country where DDR will take place is essential. Conditions and commitment often vary greatly between the capital and the regions, as well as among regions. This will influence the approach to DDR. The exist- ing security situation is one indicator of how soon and where DDR can start, and should be assessed for all stages of the DDR programme. A situation where combatants can be disarmed and demobilized, but their safety when they return to their areas of reintegration cannot be guaranteed will also be problematic.The capacity of local authorities to provide security for commanders and disarmed com- batants to carry out voluntary or coercive disarmament must be carefully assessed. A lack of national capacity in these two areas will seriously affect the resources needed by the peacekeeping force. UN military, civilian police and support capacities may be required to perform this function in the early phase of the peacekeeping mission, while simultaneously developing national capacities to eventually take over from the peacekeeping mission. If this security function is provided by a non-UN multinational force (e.g., an African Union or NATO force), the structure and processes for joint planning and operations must be assessed to ensure that such a force and the peacekeeping mission cooperate and coordinate effec- tively to implement (or support the implementation of) a coherent DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":553, "Sentence":"This will influence the approach to DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures influence approach ddr ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Security factors", "Heading4":"The security situation", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the overall security situation in the country where DDR will take place is essential. Conditions and commitment often vary greatly between the capital and the regions, as well as among regions. This will influence the approach to DDR. The exist- ing security situation is one indicator of how soon and where DDR can start, and should be assessed for all stages of the DDR programme. A situation where combatants can be disarmed and demobilized, but their safety when they return to their areas of reintegration cannot be guaranteed will also be problematic.The capacity of local authorities to provide security for commanders and disarmed com- batants to carry out voluntary or coercive disarmament must be carefully assessed. A lack of national capacity in these two areas will seriously affect the resources needed by the peacekeeping force. UN military, civilian police and support capacities may be required to perform this function in the early phase of the peacekeeping mission, while simultaneously developing national capacities to eventually take over from the peacekeeping mission. If this security function is provided by a non-UN multinational force (e.g., an African Union or NATO force), the structure and processes for joint planning and operations must be assessed to ensure that such a force and the peacekeeping mission cooperate and coordinate effec- tively to implement (or support the implementation of) a coherent DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":553, "Sentence":"The exist- ing security situation is one indicator of how soon and where DDR can start, and should be assessed for all stages of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures exist ing security situation one indicator soon ddr start assessed stage ddr programme ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Security factors", "Heading4":"The security situation", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the overall security situation in the country where DDR will take place is essential. Conditions and commitment often vary greatly between the capital and the regions, as well as among regions. This will influence the approach to DDR. The exist- ing security situation is one indicator of how soon and where DDR can start, and should be assessed for all stages of the DDR programme. A situation where combatants can be disarmed and demobilized, but their safety when they return to their areas of reintegration cannot be guaranteed will also be problematic.The capacity of local authorities to provide security for commanders and disarmed com- batants to carry out voluntary or coercive disarmament must be carefully assessed. A lack of national capacity in these two areas will seriously affect the resources needed by the peacekeeping force. UN military, civilian police and support capacities may be required to perform this function in the early phase of the peacekeeping mission, while simultaneously developing national capacities to eventually take over from the peacekeeping mission. If this security function is provided by a non-UN multinational force (e.g., an African Union or NATO force), the structure and processes for joint planning and operations must be assessed to ensure that such a force and the peacekeeping mission cooperate and coordinate effec- tively to implement (or support the implementation of) a coherent DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":553, "Sentence":"A situation where combatants can be disarmed and demobilized, but their safety when they return to their areas of reintegration cannot be guaranteed will also be problematic.The capacity of local authorities to provide security for commanders and disarmed com- batants to carry out voluntary or coercive disarmament must be carefully assessed.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures situation combatant disarmed demobilized safety return area reintegration guaranteed also problematic.the capacity local authority provide security commander disarmed com batants carry voluntary coercive disarmament must carefully assessed ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Security factors", "Heading4":"The security situation", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the overall security situation in the country where DDR will take place is essential. Conditions and commitment often vary greatly between the capital and the regions, as well as among regions. This will influence the approach to DDR. The exist- ing security situation is one indicator of how soon and where DDR can start, and should be assessed for all stages of the DDR programme. A situation where combatants can be disarmed and demobilized, but their safety when they return to their areas of reintegration cannot be guaranteed will also be problematic.The capacity of local authorities to provide security for commanders and disarmed com- batants to carry out voluntary or coercive disarmament must be carefully assessed. A lack of national capacity in these two areas will seriously affect the resources needed by the peacekeeping force. UN military, civilian police and support capacities may be required to perform this function in the early phase of the peacekeeping mission, while simultaneously developing national capacities to eventually take over from the peacekeeping mission. If this security function is provided by a non-UN multinational force (e.g., an African Union or NATO force), the structure and processes for joint planning and operations must be assessed to ensure that such a force and the peacekeeping mission cooperate and coordinate effec- tively to implement (or support the implementation of) a coherent DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":553, "Sentence":"A lack of national capacity in these two areas will seriously affect the resources needed by the peacekeeping force.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures lack national capacity two area seriously affect resource needed peacekeeping force ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Security factors", "Heading4":"The security situation", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the overall security situation in the country where DDR will take place is essential. Conditions and commitment often vary greatly between the capital and the regions, as well as among regions. This will influence the approach to DDR. The exist- ing security situation is one indicator of how soon and where DDR can start, and should be assessed for all stages of the DDR programme. A situation where combatants can be disarmed and demobilized, but their safety when they return to their areas of reintegration cannot be guaranteed will also be problematic.The capacity of local authorities to provide security for commanders and disarmed com- batants to carry out voluntary or coercive disarmament must be carefully assessed. A lack of national capacity in these two areas will seriously affect the resources needed by the peacekeeping force. UN military, civilian police and support capacities may be required to perform this function in the early phase of the peacekeeping mission, while simultaneously developing national capacities to eventually take over from the peacekeeping mission. If this security function is provided by a non-UN multinational force (e.g., an African Union or NATO force), the structure and processes for joint planning and operations must be assessed to ensure that such a force and the peacekeeping mission cooperate and coordinate effec- tively to implement (or support the implementation of) a coherent DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":553, "Sentence":"UN military, civilian police and support capacities may be required to perform this function in the early phase of the peacekeeping mission, while simultaneously developing national capacities to eventually take over from the peacekeeping mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures un military civilian police support capacity may required perform function early phase peacekeeping mission simultaneously developing national capacity eventually take peacekeeping mission ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Security factors", "Heading4":"The security situation", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the overall security situation in the country where DDR will take place is essential. Conditions and commitment often vary greatly between the capital and the regions, as well as among regions. This will influence the approach to DDR. The exist- ing security situation is one indicator of how soon and where DDR can start, and should be assessed for all stages of the DDR programme. A situation where combatants can be disarmed and demobilized, but their safety when they return to their areas of reintegration cannot be guaranteed will also be problematic.The capacity of local authorities to provide security for commanders and disarmed com- batants to carry out voluntary or coercive disarmament must be carefully assessed. A lack of national capacity in these two areas will seriously affect the resources needed by the peacekeeping force. UN military, civilian police and support capacities may be required to perform this function in the early phase of the peacekeeping mission, while simultaneously developing national capacities to eventually take over from the peacekeeping mission. If this security function is provided by a non-UN multinational force (e.g., an African Union or NATO force), the structure and processes for joint planning and operations must be assessed to ensure that such a force and the peacekeeping mission cooperate and coordinate effec- tively to implement (or support the implementation of) a coherent DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":553, "Sentence":"If this security function is provided by a non-UN multinational force (e.g., an African Union or NATO force), the structure and processes for joint planning and operations must be assessed to ensure that such a force and the peacekeeping mission cooperate and coordinate effec- tively to implement (or support the implementation of) a coherent DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures security function provided nonun multinational force e.g . african union nato force structure process joint planning operation must assessed ensure force peacekeeping mission cooperate coordinate effec tively implement support implementation coherent ddr programme ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Security factors", "Heading4":"Building confidence", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Ceasefires, disengagement and voluntary disarmament of forces are important confidence- building measures, which, when carried out by the parties, can have a positive effect on the DDR and wider recovery programme. The international community should, wherever possible, support these initiatives. Also, mechanisms should be put in place to investigate violations of ceasefires, etc., in a transparent manner.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":554, "Sentence":"Ceasefires, disengagement and voluntary disarmament of forces are important confidence- building measures, which, when carried out by the parties, can have a positive effect on the DDR and wider recovery programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures ceasefires disengagement voluntary disarmament force important confidence building measure carried party positive effect ddr wider recovery programme ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Security factors", "Heading4":"Building confidence", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Ceasefires, disengagement and voluntary disarmament of forces are important confidence- building measures, which, when carried out by the parties, can have a positive effect on the DDR and wider recovery programme. The international community should, wherever possible, support these initiatives. Also, mechanisms should be put in place to investigate violations of ceasefires, etc., in a transparent manner.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":554, "Sentence":"The international community should, wherever possible, support these initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures international community wherever possible support initiative ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Security factors", "Heading4":"Building confidence", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Ceasefires, disengagement and voluntary disarmament of forces are important confidence- building measures, which, when carried out by the parties, can have a positive effect on the DDR and wider recovery programme. The international community should, wherever possible, support these initiatives. Also, mechanisms should be put in place to investigate violations of ceasefires, etc., in a transparent manner.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":554, "Sentence":"Also, mechanisms should be put in place to investigate violations of ceasefires, etc., in a transparent manner.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures also mechanism put place investigate violation ceasefires etc . transparent manner ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Overall socio-economic conditions", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The post-conflict socio-economic condition of the country is a major factor in determining the kind of DDR programme that should be implemented. The level of unemployment, the state of the (formal and informal) economy and the agricultural sector (i.e., access to land, rights and the ability of the country to feed itself), the condition of the country\u2019s infra- structure, and the capacity of state institutions to deliver basic services, combined with the length of the conflict, are all factors that should be taken into account when considering the specifics of any demobilization (length and types of programme) and socio-economic (reconciliation, justice issues and types of economic assistance) reintegration programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":555, "Sentence":"The post-conflict socio-economic condition of the country is a major factor in determining the kind of DDR programme that should be implemented.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures postconflict socioeconomic condition country major factor determining kind ddr programme implemented ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Overall socio-economic conditions", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The post-conflict socio-economic condition of the country is a major factor in determining the kind of DDR programme that should be implemented. The level of unemployment, the state of the (formal and informal) economy and the agricultural sector (i.e., access to land, rights and the ability of the country to feed itself), the condition of the country\u2019s infra- structure, and the capacity of state institutions to deliver basic services, combined with the length of the conflict, are all factors that should be taken into account when considering the specifics of any demobilization (length and types of programme) and socio-economic (reconciliation, justice issues and types of economic assistance) reintegration programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":555, "Sentence":"The level of unemployment, the state of the (formal and informal) economy and the agricultural sector (i.e., access to land, rights and the ability of the country to feed itself), the condition of the country\u2019s infra- structure, and the capacity of state institutions to deliver basic services, combined with the length of the conflict, are all factors that should be taken into account when considering the specifics of any demobilization (length and types of programme) and socio-economic (reconciliation, justice issues and types of economic assistance) reintegration programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures level unemployment state formal informal economy agricultural sector i.e . access land right ability country feed condition country \u2019 infra structure capacity state institution deliver basic service combined length conflict factor taken account considering specific demobilization length type programme socioeconomic reconciliation justice issue type economic assistance reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Local participation", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The role of the receiving communities is central to the successful reintegration of ex-com- batants. Therefore, close consultation must take place with all levels of the local community about the possible implications of the DDR programme for these communities, and the type of support (economic, reconciliation, etc.) required to reintegrate ex-combatants. This issue of returning ex-combatants to the communities must be assessed together with the overall impact of all the groups of people who will return, including internally displaced persons and refugees.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":556, "Sentence":"The role of the receiving communities is central to the successful reintegration of ex-com- batants.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures role receiving community central successful reintegration excom batants ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Local participation", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The role of the receiving communities is central to the successful reintegration of ex-com- batants. Therefore, close consultation must take place with all levels of the local community about the possible implications of the DDR programme for these communities, and the type of support (economic, reconciliation, etc.) required to reintegrate ex-combatants. This issue of returning ex-combatants to the communities must be assessed together with the overall impact of all the groups of people who will return, including internally displaced persons and refugees.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":556, "Sentence":"Therefore, close consultation must take place with all levels of the local community about the possible implications of the DDR programme for these communities, and the type of support (economic, reconciliation, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures therefore close consultation must take place level local community possible implication ddr programme community type support economic reconciliation etc ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Local participation", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The role of the receiving communities is central to the successful reintegration of ex-com- batants. Therefore, close consultation must take place with all levels of the local community about the possible implications of the DDR programme for these communities, and the type of support (economic, reconciliation, etc.) required to reintegrate ex-combatants. This issue of returning ex-combatants to the communities must be assessed together with the overall impact of all the groups of people who will return, including internally displaced persons and refugees.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":556, "Sentence":"required to reintegrate ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures required reintegrate excombatants ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Local participation", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The role of the receiving communities is central to the successful reintegration of ex-com- batants. Therefore, close consultation must take place with all levels of the local community about the possible implications of the DDR programme for these communities, and the type of support (economic, reconciliation, etc.) required to reintegrate ex-combatants. This issue of returning ex-combatants to the communities must be assessed together with the overall impact of all the groups of people who will return, including internally displaced persons and refugees.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":556, "Sentence":"This issue of returning ex-combatants to the communities must be assessed together with the overall impact of all the groups of people who will return, including internally displaced persons and refugees.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures issue returning excombatants community must assessed together overall impact group people return including internally displaced person refugee ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"A development approach", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes can succeed only if there is a strong link with a national recovery pro- gramme, which provides not only for political and economic development, but also for a restructuring and reform of the State\u2019s security sector and the fostering of national reconcili- ation. An assessment should ascertain if these factors are being considered and who will be supporting this aspect of post-conflict peace-building.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":557, "Sentence":"DDR programmes can succeed only if there is a strong link with a national recovery pro- gramme, which provides not only for political and economic development, but also for a restructuring and reform of the State\u2019s security sector and the fostering of national reconcili- ation.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures ddr programme succeed strong link national recovery pro gramme provides political economic development also restructuring reform state \u2019 security sector fostering national reconcili ation ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"A development approach", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes can succeed only if there is a strong link with a national recovery pro- gramme, which provides not only for political and economic development, but also for a restructuring and reform of the State\u2019s security sector and the fostering of national reconcili- ation. An assessment should ascertain if these factors are being considered and who will be supporting this aspect of post-conflict peace-building.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":557, "Sentence":"An assessment should ascertain if these factors are being considered and who will be supporting this aspect of post-conflict peace-building.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures assessment ascertain factor considered supporting aspect postconflict peacebuilding ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Weapons control framework", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The weapons control framework is another key element that affects a DDR programme. Constitutional and legislative guarantees for weapons ownership, the import\/export of small arms, and the regulation of the national gun industry and private security firms must be considered in terms of how they support or limit the effective implementation of a DDR programme. Equally important are the national administrative infrastructure and enforcement capacity to implement the weapons control framework.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":558, "Sentence":"The weapons control framework is another key element that affects a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures weapon control framework another key element affect ddr programme ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Weapons control framework", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The weapons control framework is another key element that affects a DDR programme. Constitutional and legislative guarantees for weapons ownership, the import\/export of small arms, and the regulation of the national gun industry and private security firms must be considered in terms of how they support or limit the effective implementation of a DDR programme. Equally important are the national administrative infrastructure and enforcement capacity to implement the weapons control framework.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":558, "Sentence":"Constitutional and legislative guarantees for weapons ownership, the import\/export of small arms, and the regulation of the national gun industry and private security firms must be considered in terms of how they support or limit the effective implementation of a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures constitutional legislative guarantee weapon ownership import\/export small arm regulation national gun industry private security firm must considered term support limit effective implementation ddr programme ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Weapons control framework", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The weapons control framework is another key element that affects a DDR programme. Constitutional and legislative guarantees for weapons ownership, the import\/export of small arms, and the regulation of the national gun industry and private security firms must be considered in terms of how they support or limit the effective implementation of a DDR programme. Equally important are the national administrative infrastructure and enforcement capacity to implement the weapons control framework.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":558, "Sentence":"Equally important are the national administrative infrastructure and enforcement capacity to implement the weapons control framework.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures equally important national administrative infrastructure enforcement capacity implement weapon control framework ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Arms embargoes", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The assessment mission should examine the illicit supply of small arms and light weapons coming into the post-conflict zone. This is often caused by porous borders and weak border- policing capacities. Arms embargoes should be considered as one tool available to deal with illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons, thus supporting both DDR and the wider national recovery programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":559, "Sentence":"The assessment mission should examine the illicit supply of small arms and light weapons coming into the post-conflict zone.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures assessment mission examine illicit supply small arm light weapon coming postconflict zone ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Arms embargoes", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The assessment mission should examine the illicit supply of small arms and light weapons coming into the post-conflict zone. This is often caused by porous borders and weak border- policing capacities. Arms embargoes should be considered as one tool available to deal with illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons, thus supporting both DDR and the wider national recovery programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":559, "Sentence":"This is often caused by porous borders and weak border- policing capacities.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures often caused porous border weak border policing capacity ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Arms embargoes", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The assessment mission should examine the illicit supply of small arms and light weapons coming into the post-conflict zone. This is often caused by porous borders and weak border- policing capacities. Arms embargoes should be considered as one tool available to deal with illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons, thus supporting both DDR and the wider national recovery programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":559, "Sentence":"Arms embargoes should be considered as one tool available to deal with illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons, thus supporting both DDR and the wider national recovery programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures arm embargo considered one tool available deal illicit trafficking small arm light weapon thus supporting ddr wider national recovery programme ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Defining specific groups for DDR", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The character, size, composition and location of the groups specifically identified for DDR are among the required details that are often not included the legal framework, but which are essential to the development and implementation of a DDR programme. In consultation with the parties and other implementing partners on the ground, the assessment mission should develop a detailed picture of: \\n WHO will be disarmed, demobilized and reintegrated; \\n WHAT weapons are to be collected, destroyed and disposed of; \\n WHERE in the country the identified groups are situated, and where those being dis- armed and demobilized will be resettled or repatriated to; \\n WHEN DDR will (or can) take place, and in what sequence for which identified groups, including the priority of action for the different identified groups.It is often difficult to get this information from the former warring parties. Therefore, the UN should find other, independent sources, such as Member States or local or regional agencies, in order to acquire information. Community-based organizations are a particularly useful source of information on armed groups.Potential targets for disarmament include government armed forces, opposition armed groups, civil defence forces, irregular armed groups and armed individuals. These generally include: \\n male and female combatants, and those associated with the fighting groups, such as those performing support roles (voluntarily or because they have been forced to) or who have been abducted; \\n child (boys and girls) soldiers, and those associated with the armed forces and groups; \\n foreign combatants; \\n dependants of combatants.The end product of this part of the assessment of the armed forces and groups should be a detailed listing of the key features of the armed forces\/groups.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":560, "Sentence":"The character, size, composition and location of the groups specifically identified for DDR are among the required details that are often not included the legal framework, but which are essential to the development and implementation of a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures character size composition location group specifically identified ddr among required detail often included legal framework essential development implementation ddr programme ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Defining specific groups for DDR", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The character, size, composition and location of the groups specifically identified for DDR are among the required details that are often not included the legal framework, but which are essential to the development and implementation of a DDR programme. In consultation with the parties and other implementing partners on the ground, the assessment mission should develop a detailed picture of: \\n WHO will be disarmed, demobilized and reintegrated; \\n WHAT weapons are to be collected, destroyed and disposed of; \\n WHERE in the country the identified groups are situated, and where those being dis- armed and demobilized will be resettled or repatriated to; \\n WHEN DDR will (or can) take place, and in what sequence for which identified groups, including the priority of action for the different identified groups.It is often difficult to get this information from the former warring parties. Therefore, the UN should find other, independent sources, such as Member States or local or regional agencies, in order to acquire information. Community-based organizations are a particularly useful source of information on armed groups.Potential targets for disarmament include government armed forces, opposition armed groups, civil defence forces, irregular armed groups and armed individuals. These generally include: \\n male and female combatants, and those associated with the fighting groups, such as those performing support roles (voluntarily or because they have been forced to) or who have been abducted; \\n child (boys and girls) soldiers, and those associated with the armed forces and groups; \\n foreign combatants; \\n dependants of combatants.The end product of this part of the assessment of the armed forces and groups should be a detailed listing of the key features of the armed forces\/groups.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":560, "Sentence":"In consultation with the parties and other implementing partners on the ground, the assessment mission should develop a detailed picture of: \\n WHO will be disarmed, demobilized and reintegrated; \\n WHAT weapons are to be collected, destroyed and disposed of; \\n WHERE in the country the identified groups are situated, and where those being dis- armed and demobilized will be resettled or repatriated to; \\n WHEN DDR will (or can) take place, and in what sequence for which identified groups, including the priority of action for the different identified groups.It is often difficult to get this information from the former warring parties.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures consultation party implementing partner ground assessment mission develop detailed picture n disarmed demobilized reintegrated n weapon collected destroyed disposed n country identified group situated dis armed demobilized resettled repatriated n ddr take place sequence identified group including priority action different identified groups.it often difficult get information former warring party ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Defining specific groups for DDR", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The character, size, composition and location of the groups specifically identified for DDR are among the required details that are often not included the legal framework, but which are essential to the development and implementation of a DDR programme. In consultation with the parties and other implementing partners on the ground, the assessment mission should develop a detailed picture of: \\n WHO will be disarmed, demobilized and reintegrated; \\n WHAT weapons are to be collected, destroyed and disposed of; \\n WHERE in the country the identified groups are situated, and where those being dis- armed and demobilized will be resettled or repatriated to; \\n WHEN DDR will (or can) take place, and in what sequence for which identified groups, including the priority of action for the different identified groups.It is often difficult to get this information from the former warring parties. Therefore, the UN should find other, independent sources, such as Member States or local or regional agencies, in order to acquire information. Community-based organizations are a particularly useful source of information on armed groups.Potential targets for disarmament include government armed forces, opposition armed groups, civil defence forces, irregular armed groups and armed individuals. These generally include: \\n male and female combatants, and those associated with the fighting groups, such as those performing support roles (voluntarily or because they have been forced to) or who have been abducted; \\n child (boys and girls) soldiers, and those associated with the armed forces and groups; \\n foreign combatants; \\n dependants of combatants.The end product of this part of the assessment of the armed forces and groups should be a detailed listing of the key features of the armed forces\/groups.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":560, "Sentence":"Therefore, the UN should find other, independent sources, such as Member States or local or regional agencies, in order to acquire information.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures therefore un find independent source member state local regional agency order acquire information ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Defining specific groups for DDR", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The character, size, composition and location of the groups specifically identified for DDR are among the required details that are often not included the legal framework, but which are essential to the development and implementation of a DDR programme. In consultation with the parties and other implementing partners on the ground, the assessment mission should develop a detailed picture of: \\n WHO will be disarmed, demobilized and reintegrated; \\n WHAT weapons are to be collected, destroyed and disposed of; \\n WHERE in the country the identified groups are situated, and where those being dis- armed and demobilized will be resettled or repatriated to; \\n WHEN DDR will (or can) take place, and in what sequence for which identified groups, including the priority of action for the different identified groups.It is often difficult to get this information from the former warring parties. Therefore, the UN should find other, independent sources, such as Member States or local or regional agencies, in order to acquire information. Community-based organizations are a particularly useful source of information on armed groups.Potential targets for disarmament include government armed forces, opposition armed groups, civil defence forces, irregular armed groups and armed individuals. These generally include: \\n male and female combatants, and those associated with the fighting groups, such as those performing support roles (voluntarily or because they have been forced to) or who have been abducted; \\n child (boys and girls) soldiers, and those associated with the armed forces and groups; \\n foreign combatants; \\n dependants of combatants.The end product of this part of the assessment of the armed forces and groups should be a detailed listing of the key features of the armed forces\/groups.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":560, "Sentence":"Community-based organizations are a particularly useful source of information on armed groups.Potential targets for disarmament include government armed forces, opposition armed groups, civil defence forces, irregular armed groups and armed individuals.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures communitybased organization particularly useful source information armed groups.potential target disarmament include government armed force opposition armed group civil defence force irregular armed group armed individual ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Defining specific groups for DDR", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The character, size, composition and location of the groups specifically identified for DDR are among the required details that are often not included the legal framework, but which are essential to the development and implementation of a DDR programme. In consultation with the parties and other implementing partners on the ground, the assessment mission should develop a detailed picture of: \\n WHO will be disarmed, demobilized and reintegrated; \\n WHAT weapons are to be collected, destroyed and disposed of; \\n WHERE in the country the identified groups are situated, and where those being dis- armed and demobilized will be resettled or repatriated to; \\n WHEN DDR will (or can) take place, and in what sequence for which identified groups, including the priority of action for the different identified groups.It is often difficult to get this information from the former warring parties. Therefore, the UN should find other, independent sources, such as Member States or local or regional agencies, in order to acquire information. Community-based organizations are a particularly useful source of information on armed groups.Potential targets for disarmament include government armed forces, opposition armed groups, civil defence forces, irregular armed groups and armed individuals. These generally include: \\n male and female combatants, and those associated with the fighting groups, such as those performing support roles (voluntarily or because they have been forced to) or who have been abducted; \\n child (boys and girls) soldiers, and those associated with the armed forces and groups; \\n foreign combatants; \\n dependants of combatants.The end product of this part of the assessment of the armed forces and groups should be a detailed listing of the key features of the armed forces\/groups.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":560, "Sentence":"These generally include: \\n male and female combatants, and those associated with the fighting groups, such as those performing support roles (voluntarily or because they have been forced to) or who have been abducted; \\n child (boys and girls) soldiers, and those associated with the armed forces and groups; \\n foreign combatants; \\n dependants of combatants.The end product of this part of the assessment of the armed forces and groups should be a detailed listing of the key features of the armed forces\/groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures generally include n male female combatant associated fighting group performing support role voluntarily forced abducted n child boy girl soldier associated armed force group n foreign combatant n dependant combatants.the end product part assessment armed force group detailed listing key feature armed forces\/groups ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"DRR planning and implementation partners", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The assessment mission should document the relative capacities of the various potential DDR partners (UN family; other international, regional and national actors) in the mission area that can play a role in implementing (or supporting the implementation of) the DDR programme.UN funds, agencies and programmes \\n UN agencies can perform certain functions needed for DDR. The resources available to the UN agencies in the country in question should be assessed and reflected in discussions at Headquarters level amongst the agencies concerned. The United Nations Development Programme may already be running a DDR programme in the mission area. This, along with support from other members of the DDR inter-agency forum, will provide the basis for the integrated DDR unit and the expansion of the DDR operation into the peacekeeping mission, if required.International and regional organizations \\n Other international organizations, such as the World Bank, and other regional actors may be involved in DDR before the arrival of the peacekeeping mission. Their role should also be taken into account in the overall planning and implementation of the DDR programme.Non-governmental organizations \\n NGOs are usually the major implementing partners of specific DDR activities as part of the overall programme. The various NGOs contain a wide range of expertise, from child protection and gender issues to small arms, they tend to have a more intimate awareness of local culture and are an integral partner in a DDR programme of a peacekeeping mission. The assessment mission should identify the major NGOs that can work with the UN and the government, and should involve them in the planning process at the earliest opportunity.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":561, "Sentence":"The assessment mission should document the relative capacities of the various potential DDR partners (UN family; other international, regional and national actors) in the mission area that can play a role in implementing (or supporting the implementation of) the DDR programme.UN funds, agencies and programmes \\n UN agencies can perform certain functions needed for DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures assessment mission document relative capacity various potential ddr partner un family international regional national actor mission area play role implementing supporting implementation ddr programme.un fund agency programme n un agency perform certain function needed ddr ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"DRR planning and implementation partners", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The assessment mission should document the relative capacities of the various potential DDR partners (UN family; other international, regional and national actors) in the mission area that can play a role in implementing (or supporting the implementation of) the DDR programme.UN funds, agencies and programmes \\n UN agencies can perform certain functions needed for DDR. The resources available to the UN agencies in the country in question should be assessed and reflected in discussions at Headquarters level amongst the agencies concerned. The United Nations Development Programme may already be running a DDR programme in the mission area. This, along with support from other members of the DDR inter-agency forum, will provide the basis for the integrated DDR unit and the expansion of the DDR operation into the peacekeeping mission, if required.International and regional organizations \\n Other international organizations, such as the World Bank, and other regional actors may be involved in DDR before the arrival of the peacekeeping mission. Their role should also be taken into account in the overall planning and implementation of the DDR programme.Non-governmental organizations \\n NGOs are usually the major implementing partners of specific DDR activities as part of the overall programme. The various NGOs contain a wide range of expertise, from child protection and gender issues to small arms, they tend to have a more intimate awareness of local culture and are an integral partner in a DDR programme of a peacekeeping mission. The assessment mission should identify the major NGOs that can work with the UN and the government, and should involve them in the planning process at the earliest opportunity.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":561, "Sentence":"The resources available to the UN agencies in the country in question should be assessed and reflected in discussions at Headquarters level amongst the agencies concerned.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures resource available un agency country question assessed reflected discussion headquarters level amongst agency concerned ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"DRR planning and implementation partners", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The assessment mission should document the relative capacities of the various potential DDR partners (UN family; other international, regional and national actors) in the mission area that can play a role in implementing (or supporting the implementation of) the DDR programme.UN funds, agencies and programmes \\n UN agencies can perform certain functions needed for DDR. The resources available to the UN agencies in the country in question should be assessed and reflected in discussions at Headquarters level amongst the agencies concerned. The United Nations Development Programme may already be running a DDR programme in the mission area. This, along with support from other members of the DDR inter-agency forum, will provide the basis for the integrated DDR unit and the expansion of the DDR operation into the peacekeeping mission, if required.International and regional organizations \\n Other international organizations, such as the World Bank, and other regional actors may be involved in DDR before the arrival of the peacekeeping mission. Their role should also be taken into account in the overall planning and implementation of the DDR programme.Non-governmental organizations \\n NGOs are usually the major implementing partners of specific DDR activities as part of the overall programme. The various NGOs contain a wide range of expertise, from child protection and gender issues to small arms, they tend to have a more intimate awareness of local culture and are an integral partner in a DDR programme of a peacekeeping mission. The assessment mission should identify the major NGOs that can work with the UN and the government, and should involve them in the planning process at the earliest opportunity.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":561, "Sentence":"The United Nations Development Programme may already be running a DDR programme in the mission area.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures united nation development programme may already running ddr programme mission area ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"DRR planning and implementation partners", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The assessment mission should document the relative capacities of the various potential DDR partners (UN family; other international, regional and national actors) in the mission area that can play a role in implementing (or supporting the implementation of) the DDR programme.UN funds, agencies and programmes \\n UN agencies can perform certain functions needed for DDR. The resources available to the UN agencies in the country in question should be assessed and reflected in discussions at Headquarters level amongst the agencies concerned. The United Nations Development Programme may already be running a DDR programme in the mission area. This, along with support from other members of the DDR inter-agency forum, will provide the basis for the integrated DDR unit and the expansion of the DDR operation into the peacekeeping mission, if required.International and regional organizations \\n Other international organizations, such as the World Bank, and other regional actors may be involved in DDR before the arrival of the peacekeeping mission. Their role should also be taken into account in the overall planning and implementation of the DDR programme.Non-governmental organizations \\n NGOs are usually the major implementing partners of specific DDR activities as part of the overall programme. The various NGOs contain a wide range of expertise, from child protection and gender issues to small arms, they tend to have a more intimate awareness of local culture and are an integral partner in a DDR programme of a peacekeeping mission. The assessment mission should identify the major NGOs that can work with the UN and the government, and should involve them in the planning process at the earliest opportunity.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":561, "Sentence":"This, along with support from other members of the DDR inter-agency forum, will provide the basis for the integrated DDR unit and the expansion of the DDR operation into the peacekeeping mission, if required.International and regional organizations \\n Other international organizations, such as the World Bank, and other regional actors may be involved in DDR before the arrival of the peacekeeping mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures along support member ddr interagency forum provide basis integrated ddr unit expansion ddr operation peacekeeping mission required.international regional organization n international organization world bank regional actor may involved ddr arrival peacekeeping mission ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"DRR planning and implementation partners", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The assessment mission should document the relative capacities of the various potential DDR partners (UN family; other international, regional and national actors) in the mission area that can play a role in implementing (or supporting the implementation of) the DDR programme.UN funds, agencies and programmes \\n UN agencies can perform certain functions needed for DDR. The resources available to the UN agencies in the country in question should be assessed and reflected in discussions at Headquarters level amongst the agencies concerned. The United Nations Development Programme may already be running a DDR programme in the mission area. This, along with support from other members of the DDR inter-agency forum, will provide the basis for the integrated DDR unit and the expansion of the DDR operation into the peacekeeping mission, if required.International and regional organizations \\n Other international organizations, such as the World Bank, and other regional actors may be involved in DDR before the arrival of the peacekeeping mission. Their role should also be taken into account in the overall planning and implementation of the DDR programme.Non-governmental organizations \\n NGOs are usually the major implementing partners of specific DDR activities as part of the overall programme. The various NGOs contain a wide range of expertise, from child protection and gender issues to small arms, they tend to have a more intimate awareness of local culture and are an integral partner in a DDR programme of a peacekeeping mission. The assessment mission should identify the major NGOs that can work with the UN and the government, and should involve them in the planning process at the earliest opportunity.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":561, "Sentence":"Their role should also be taken into account in the overall planning and implementation of the DDR programme.Non-governmental organizations \\n NGOs are usually the major implementing partners of specific DDR activities as part of the overall programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures role also taken account overall planning implementation ddr programme.nongovernmental organization n ngo usually major implementing partner specific ddr activity part overall programme ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"DRR planning and implementation partners", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The assessment mission should document the relative capacities of the various potential DDR partners (UN family; other international, regional and national actors) in the mission area that can play a role in implementing (or supporting the implementation of) the DDR programme.UN funds, agencies and programmes \\n UN agencies can perform certain functions needed for DDR. The resources available to the UN agencies in the country in question should be assessed and reflected in discussions at Headquarters level amongst the agencies concerned. The United Nations Development Programme may already be running a DDR programme in the mission area. This, along with support from other members of the DDR inter-agency forum, will provide the basis for the integrated DDR unit and the expansion of the DDR operation into the peacekeeping mission, if required.International and regional organizations \\n Other international organizations, such as the World Bank, and other regional actors may be involved in DDR before the arrival of the peacekeeping mission. Their role should also be taken into account in the overall planning and implementation of the DDR programme.Non-governmental organizations \\n NGOs are usually the major implementing partners of specific DDR activities as part of the overall programme. The various NGOs contain a wide range of expertise, from child protection and gender issues to small arms, they tend to have a more intimate awareness of local culture and are an integral partner in a DDR programme of a peacekeeping mission. The assessment mission should identify the major NGOs that can work with the UN and the government, and should involve them in the planning process at the earliest opportunity.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":561, "Sentence":"The various NGOs contain a wide range of expertise, from child protection and gender issues to small arms, they tend to have a more intimate awareness of local culture and are an integral partner in a DDR programme of a peacekeeping mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures various ngo contain wide range expertise child protection gender issue small arm tend intimate awareness local culture integral partner ddr programme peacekeeping mission ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"DRR planning and implementation partners", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The assessment mission should document the relative capacities of the various potential DDR partners (UN family; other international, regional and national actors) in the mission area that can play a role in implementing (or supporting the implementation of) the DDR programme.UN funds, agencies and programmes \\n UN agencies can perform certain functions needed for DDR. The resources available to the UN agencies in the country in question should be assessed and reflected in discussions at Headquarters level amongst the agencies concerned. The United Nations Development Programme may already be running a DDR programme in the mission area. This, along with support from other members of the DDR inter-agency forum, will provide the basis for the integrated DDR unit and the expansion of the DDR operation into the peacekeeping mission, if required.International and regional organizations \\n Other international organizations, such as the World Bank, and other regional actors may be involved in DDR before the arrival of the peacekeeping mission. Their role should also be taken into account in the overall planning and implementation of the DDR programme.Non-governmental organizations \\n NGOs are usually the major implementing partners of specific DDR activities as part of the overall programme. The various NGOs contain a wide range of expertise, from child protection and gender issues to small arms, they tend to have a more intimate awareness of local culture and are an integral partner in a DDR programme of a peacekeeping mission. The assessment mission should identify the major NGOs that can work with the UN and the government, and should involve them in the planning process at the earliest opportunity.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":561, "Sentence":"The assessment mission should identify the major NGOs that can work with the UN and the government, and should involve them in the planning process at the earliest opportunity.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures assessment mission identify major ngo work un government involve planning process earliest opportunity ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Support requirements", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Following a review of the extent and nature of the problem and an assessment of the relative capacities of other partners, the assessment mission should determine the DDR support (finance, staffing and logistics) requirements, both in the pre-mandate and establishment phases of the peacekeeping mission.Finance \\n The amount of money required for the overall DDR programme should be estimated, including what portions are required from the assessed budget and what is to come from voluntary contributions. In the pre-mandate period, the potential of quick-impact projects that can be used to stabilize ex-combatant groups or communities before the formal start of the DDR should be examined. Finance and budgeting processes are detailed in IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.Staffing \\n The civilian staff, civilian police and military staff requirements for the planning and imple- mentation of the DDR programme should be estimated, and a deployment sequence for these staff should be drawn up. The integrated DDR unit should contain personnel represent- ing mission components directly related to DDR operations: military; police; logistic support; public information; etc. (integrated DDR personnel and staffing matters are discussed in IDDRS 3.42 on Personnel and Staffing). \\n The material requirements for DDR should also be estimated, in particular weapons storage facilities, destruction machines and disposal equipment, as well as requirements for the demobilization phase of the operation, including transportation (air and land). Mission and programme support logistics matters are discussed in IDDRS 3.40 on Mission and Pro- gramme Support for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":562, "Sentence":"Following a review of the extent and nature of the problem and an assessment of the relative capacities of other partners, the assessment mission should determine the DDR support (finance, staffing and logistics) requirements, both in the pre-mandate and establishment phases of the peacekeeping mission.Finance \\n The amount of money required for the overall DDR programme should be estimated, including what portions are required from the assessed budget and what is to come from voluntary contributions.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures following review extent nature problem assessment relative capacity partner assessment mission determine ddr support finance staffing logistics requirement premandate establishment phase peacekeeping mission.finance n amount money required overall ddr programme estimated including portion required assessed budget come voluntary contribution ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Support requirements", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Following a review of the extent and nature of the problem and an assessment of the relative capacities of other partners, the assessment mission should determine the DDR support (finance, staffing and logistics) requirements, both in the pre-mandate and establishment phases of the peacekeeping mission.Finance \\n The amount of money required for the overall DDR programme should be estimated, including what portions are required from the assessed budget and what is to come from voluntary contributions. In the pre-mandate period, the potential of quick-impact projects that can be used to stabilize ex-combatant groups or communities before the formal start of the DDR should be examined. Finance and budgeting processes are detailed in IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.Staffing \\n The civilian staff, civilian police and military staff requirements for the planning and imple- mentation of the DDR programme should be estimated, and a deployment sequence for these staff should be drawn up. The integrated DDR unit should contain personnel represent- ing mission components directly related to DDR operations: military; police; logistic support; public information; etc. (integrated DDR personnel and staffing matters are discussed in IDDRS 3.42 on Personnel and Staffing). \\n The material requirements for DDR should also be estimated, in particular weapons storage facilities, destruction machines and disposal equipment, as well as requirements for the demobilization phase of the operation, including transportation (air and land). Mission and programme support logistics matters are discussed in IDDRS 3.40 on Mission and Pro- gramme Support for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":562, "Sentence":"In the pre-mandate period, the potential of quick-impact projects that can be used to stabilize ex-combatant groups or communities before the formal start of the DDR should be examined.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures premandate period potential quickimpact project used stabilize excombatant group community formal start ddr examined ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Support requirements", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Following a review of the extent and nature of the problem and an assessment of the relative capacities of other partners, the assessment mission should determine the DDR support (finance, staffing and logistics) requirements, both in the pre-mandate and establishment phases of the peacekeeping mission.Finance \\n The amount of money required for the overall DDR programme should be estimated, including what portions are required from the assessed budget and what is to come from voluntary contributions. In the pre-mandate period, the potential of quick-impact projects that can be used to stabilize ex-combatant groups or communities before the formal start of the DDR should be examined. Finance and budgeting processes are detailed in IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.Staffing \\n The civilian staff, civilian police and military staff requirements for the planning and imple- mentation of the DDR programme should be estimated, and a deployment sequence for these staff should be drawn up. The integrated DDR unit should contain personnel represent- ing mission components directly related to DDR operations: military; police; logistic support; public information; etc. (integrated DDR personnel and staffing matters are discussed in IDDRS 3.42 on Personnel and Staffing). \\n The material requirements for DDR should also be estimated, in particular weapons storage facilities, destruction machines and disposal equipment, as well as requirements for the demobilization phase of the operation, including transportation (air and land). Mission and programme support logistics matters are discussed in IDDRS 3.40 on Mission and Pro- gramme Support for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":562, "Sentence":"Finance and budgeting processes are detailed in IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.Staffing \\n The civilian staff, civilian police and military staff requirements for the planning and imple- mentation of the DDR programme should be estimated, and a deployment sequence for these staff should be drawn up.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures finance budgeting process detailed iddrs 3.41 finance budgeting.staffing n civilian staff civilian police military staff requirement planning imple mentation ddr programme estimated deployment sequence staff drawn ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Support requirements", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Following a review of the extent and nature of the problem and an assessment of the relative capacities of other partners, the assessment mission should determine the DDR support (finance, staffing and logistics) requirements, both in the pre-mandate and establishment phases of the peacekeeping mission.Finance \\n The amount of money required for the overall DDR programme should be estimated, including what portions are required from the assessed budget and what is to come from voluntary contributions. In the pre-mandate period, the potential of quick-impact projects that can be used to stabilize ex-combatant groups or communities before the formal start of the DDR should be examined. Finance and budgeting processes are detailed in IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.Staffing \\n The civilian staff, civilian police and military staff requirements for the planning and imple- mentation of the DDR programme should be estimated, and a deployment sequence for these staff should be drawn up. The integrated DDR unit should contain personnel represent- ing mission components directly related to DDR operations: military; police; logistic support; public information; etc. (integrated DDR personnel and staffing matters are discussed in IDDRS 3.42 on Personnel and Staffing). \\n The material requirements for DDR should also be estimated, in particular weapons storage facilities, destruction machines and disposal equipment, as well as requirements for the demobilization phase of the operation, including transportation (air and land). Mission and programme support logistics matters are discussed in IDDRS 3.40 on Mission and Pro- gramme Support for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":562, "Sentence":"The integrated DDR unit should contain personnel represent- ing mission components directly related to DDR operations: military; police; logistic support; public information; etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures integrated ddr unit contain personnel represent ing mission component directly related ddr operation military police logistic support public information etc ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Support requirements", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Following a review of the extent and nature of the problem and an assessment of the relative capacities of other partners, the assessment mission should determine the DDR support (finance, staffing and logistics) requirements, both in the pre-mandate and establishment phases of the peacekeeping mission.Finance \\n The amount of money required for the overall DDR programme should be estimated, including what portions are required from the assessed budget and what is to come from voluntary contributions. In the pre-mandate period, the potential of quick-impact projects that can be used to stabilize ex-combatant groups or communities before the formal start of the DDR should be examined. Finance and budgeting processes are detailed in IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.Staffing \\n The civilian staff, civilian police and military staff requirements for the planning and imple- mentation of the DDR programme should be estimated, and a deployment sequence for these staff should be drawn up. The integrated DDR unit should contain personnel represent- ing mission components directly related to DDR operations: military; police; logistic support; public information; etc. (integrated DDR personnel and staffing matters are discussed in IDDRS 3.42 on Personnel and Staffing). \\n The material requirements for DDR should also be estimated, in particular weapons storage facilities, destruction machines and disposal equipment, as well as requirements for the demobilization phase of the operation, including transportation (air and land). Mission and programme support logistics matters are discussed in IDDRS 3.40 on Mission and Pro- gramme Support for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":562, "Sentence":"(integrated DDR personnel and staffing matters are discussed in IDDRS 3.42 on Personnel and Staffing).", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures integrated ddr personnel staffing matter discussed iddrs 3.42 personnel staffing ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Support requirements", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Following a review of the extent and nature of the problem and an assessment of the relative capacities of other partners, the assessment mission should determine the DDR support (finance, staffing and logistics) requirements, both in the pre-mandate and establishment phases of the peacekeeping mission.Finance \\n The amount of money required for the overall DDR programme should be estimated, including what portions are required from the assessed budget and what is to come from voluntary contributions. In the pre-mandate period, the potential of quick-impact projects that can be used to stabilize ex-combatant groups or communities before the formal start of the DDR should be examined. Finance and budgeting processes are detailed in IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.Staffing \\n The civilian staff, civilian police and military staff requirements for the planning and imple- mentation of the DDR programme should be estimated, and a deployment sequence for these staff should be drawn up. The integrated DDR unit should contain personnel represent- ing mission components directly related to DDR operations: military; police; logistic support; public information; etc. (integrated DDR personnel and staffing matters are discussed in IDDRS 3.42 on Personnel and Staffing). \\n The material requirements for DDR should also be estimated, in particular weapons storage facilities, destruction machines and disposal equipment, as well as requirements for the demobilization phase of the operation, including transportation (air and land). Mission and programme support logistics matters are discussed in IDDRS 3.40 on Mission and Pro- gramme Support for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":562, "Sentence":"\\n The material requirements for DDR should also be estimated, in particular weapons storage facilities, destruction machines and disposal equipment, as well as requirements for the demobilization phase of the operation, including transportation (air and land).", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures n material requirement ddr also estimated particular weapon storage facility destruction machine disposal equipment well requirement demobilization phase operation including transportation air land ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"Support requirements", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Following a review of the extent and nature of the problem and an assessment of the relative capacities of other partners, the assessment mission should determine the DDR support (finance, staffing and logistics) requirements, both in the pre-mandate and establishment phases of the peacekeeping mission.Finance \\n The amount of money required for the overall DDR programme should be estimated, including what portions are required from the assessed budget and what is to come from voluntary contributions. In the pre-mandate period, the potential of quick-impact projects that can be used to stabilize ex-combatant groups or communities before the formal start of the DDR should be examined. Finance and budgeting processes are detailed in IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.Staffing \\n The civilian staff, civilian police and military staff requirements for the planning and imple- mentation of the DDR programme should be estimated, and a deployment sequence for these staff should be drawn up. The integrated DDR unit should contain personnel represent- ing mission components directly related to DDR operations: military; police; logistic support; public information; etc. (integrated DDR personnel and staffing matters are discussed in IDDRS 3.42 on Personnel and Staffing). \\n The material requirements for DDR should also be estimated, in particular weapons storage facilities, destruction machines and disposal equipment, as well as requirements for the demobilization phase of the operation, including transportation (air and land). Mission and programme support logistics matters are discussed in IDDRS 3.40 on Mission and Pro- gramme Support for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":562, "Sentence":"Mission and programme support logistics matters are discussed in IDDRS 3.40 on Mission and Pro- gramme Support for DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures mission programme support logistics matter discussed iddrs 3.40 mission pro gramme support ddr ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex B: Guide to conducting a DDR technical assessment mission", "Heading2":"Assessing the planning and implementation context", "Heading3":"Socio-economic factors", "Heading4":"The structure and content of the joint assessment repor", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The assessment mission report should be submitted in the following format (Section II on the approach of the UN forms the input into the Secretary-General\u2019s report to the Security Council): \\n\\n Preface \\n Maps \\n Introduction \\n Background \\n Summary of the report \\n\\n Section I: Situation \\n Armed forces and groups \\n Political context \\n Socio-economic context \\n Security context \\n Legal context \\n Lessons learned from previous DDR operations in the region, the country and elsewhere (as relevant) \\n Implications and scenarios for DDR programme \\n Key guiding principles for DDR operations \\n Existing DDR programme in country \\n\\n Section II: The UN approach \\n DDR strategy and priorities \\n Support for national processes and institutions \\n Approach to disarmament \\n Approach to demobilization \\n Approach to socio-economic reintegration \\n Approach to children, women and disabled people in the DDR programme \\n Approach to public information \\n Approach to weapons control regimes (internal and external) \\n Approach to funding of the DDR programme \\n Role of the international community \\n\\n Section III: Support requirements \\n Budget \\n Staffing \\n Logistics \\n\\n Suggested annexes \\n Relevant Security Council resolution authorizing the assessment mission \\n Terms of reference of the multidisciplinary assessment mission \\n List of meetings conducted \\n Summary of armed forces and groups \\n Additional information on weapons flows in the region \\n Information on existing disarmament and reintegration activities \\n Lessons learned and evaluations of past disarmament and demobilization programmes \\n Proposed budget, staffing structure and logistic requirements", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":563, "Sentence":"The assessment mission report should be submitted in the following format (Section II on the approach of the UN forms the input into the Secretary-General\u2019s report to the Security Council): \\n\\n Preface \\n Maps \\n Introduction \\n Background \\n Summary of the report \\n\\n Section I: Situation \\n Armed forces and groups \\n Political context \\n Socio-economic context \\n Security context \\n Legal context \\n Lessons learned from previous DDR operations in the region, the country and elsewhere (as relevant) \\n Implications and scenarios for DDR programme \\n Key guiding principles for DDR operations \\n Existing DDR programme in country \\n\\n Section II: The UN approach \\n DDR strategy and priorities \\n Support for national processes and institutions \\n Approach to disarmament \\n Approach to demobilization \\n Approach to socio-economic reintegration \\n Approach to children, women and disabled people in the DDR programme \\n Approach to public information \\n Approach to weapons control regimes (internal and external) \\n Approach to funding of the DDR programme \\n Role of the international community \\n\\n Section III: Support requirements \\n Budget \\n Staffing \\n Logistics \\n\\n Suggested annexes \\n Relevant Security Council resolution authorizing the assessment mission \\n Terms of reference of the multidisciplinary assessment mission \\n List of meetings conducted \\n Summary of armed forces and groups \\n Additional information on weapons flows in the region \\n Information on existing disarmament and reintegration activities \\n Lessons learned and evaluations of past disarmament and demobilization programmes \\n Proposed budget, staffing structure and logistic requirements", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures assessment mission report submitted following format section ii approach un form input secretarygeneral \u2019 report security council nn preface n map n introduction n background n summary report nn section situation n armed force group n political context n socioeconomic context n security context n legal context n lesson learned previous ddr operation region country elsewhere relevant n implication scenario ddr programme n key guiding principle ddr operation n existing ddr programme country nn section ii un approach n ddr strategy priority n support national process institution n approach disarmament n approach demobilization n approach socioeconomic reintegration n approach child woman disabled people ddr programme n approach public information n approach weapon control regime internal external n approach funding ddr programme n role international community nn section iii support requirement n budget n staffing n logistics nn suggested annex n relevant security council resolution authorizing assessment mission n term reference multidisciplinary assessment mission n list meeting conducted n summary armed force group n additional information weapon flow region n information existing disarmament reintegration activity n lesson learned evaluation past disarmament demobilization programme n proposed budget staffing structure logistic requirement" }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The UN DDR strategic framework consists of three interrelated strategic policy objectives, and supports the overall UN aim of a stable and peaceful country x, and the accompanying DDR tasks.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":564, "Sentence":"The UN DDR strategic framework consists of three interrelated strategic policy objectives, and supports the overall UN aim of a stable and peaceful country x, and the accompanying DDR tasks.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures un ddr strategic framework consists three interrelated strategic policy objective support overall un aim stable peaceful country x accompanying ddr task ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #1", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A detailed, realistic and achievable DDR implementation annex in the comprehensive peace agreement. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing technical support to the parties at the peace talks to support the development of: \\n 1. Clear and sound DDR approaches for the different identified groups, with a focus on social and economic reintegration; \\n 2. An equal emphasis on vulnerable identified groups (children, women and disabled people) in or associated with the armed forces and \\n groups; \\n 3. A detailed description of the disposition and deployment of armed forces and groups (local and foreign) to be included in the DDR programme; \\n 4. A realistic time-line for the commencement and duration of the DDR programme; \\n 5. Unified national political, policy and operational mechanisms to support the implementation of the DDR programme; \\n 6. A clear division of labour among parties (government and party x) and other implementing partners (DPKO [civilian, military]; UN agencies, funds and programmes; international financial organizations [World Bank]; and local and international NGOs).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":565, "Sentence":"A detailed, realistic and achievable DDR implementation annex in the comprehensive peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures detailed realistic achievable ddr implementation annex comprehensive peace agreement ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #1", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A detailed, realistic and achievable DDR implementation annex in the comprehensive peace agreement. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing technical support to the parties at the peace talks to support the development of: \\n 1. Clear and sound DDR approaches for the different identified groups, with a focus on social and economic reintegration; \\n 2. An equal emphasis on vulnerable identified groups (children, women and disabled people) in or associated with the armed forces and \\n groups; \\n 3. A detailed description of the disposition and deployment of armed forces and groups (local and foreign) to be included in the DDR programme; \\n 4. A realistic time-line for the commencement and duration of the DDR programme; \\n 5. Unified national political, policy and operational mechanisms to support the implementation of the DDR programme; \\n 6. A clear division of labour among parties (government and party x) and other implementing partners (DPKO [civilian, military]; UN agencies, funds and programmes; international financial organizations [World Bank]; and local and international NGOs).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":565, "Sentence":"\\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing technical support to the parties at the peace talks to support the development of: \\n 1.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures n key task nn un assist achieving aim providing technical support party peace talk support development n 1 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #1", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A detailed, realistic and achievable DDR implementation annex in the comprehensive peace agreement. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing technical support to the parties at the peace talks to support the development of: \\n 1. Clear and sound DDR approaches for the different identified groups, with a focus on social and economic reintegration; \\n 2. An equal emphasis on vulnerable identified groups (children, women and disabled people) in or associated with the armed forces and \\n groups; \\n 3. A detailed description of the disposition and deployment of armed forces and groups (local and foreign) to be included in the DDR programme; \\n 4. A realistic time-line for the commencement and duration of the DDR programme; \\n 5. Unified national political, policy and operational mechanisms to support the implementation of the DDR programme; \\n 6. A clear division of labour among parties (government and party x) and other implementing partners (DPKO [civilian, military]; UN agencies, funds and programmes; international financial organizations [World Bank]; and local and international NGOs).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":565, "Sentence":"Clear and sound DDR approaches for the different identified groups, with a focus on social and economic reintegration; \\n 2.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures clear sound ddr approach different identified group focus social economic reintegration n 2 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #1", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A detailed, realistic and achievable DDR implementation annex in the comprehensive peace agreement. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing technical support to the parties at the peace talks to support the development of: \\n 1. Clear and sound DDR approaches for the different identified groups, with a focus on social and economic reintegration; \\n 2. An equal emphasis on vulnerable identified groups (children, women and disabled people) in or associated with the armed forces and \\n groups; \\n 3. A detailed description of the disposition and deployment of armed forces and groups (local and foreign) to be included in the DDR programme; \\n 4. A realistic time-line for the commencement and duration of the DDR programme; \\n 5. Unified national political, policy and operational mechanisms to support the implementation of the DDR programme; \\n 6. A clear division of labour among parties (government and party x) and other implementing partners (DPKO [civilian, military]; UN agencies, funds and programmes; international financial organizations [World Bank]; and local and international NGOs).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":565, "Sentence":"An equal emphasis on vulnerable identified groups (children, women and disabled people) in or associated with the armed forces and \\n groups; \\n 3.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures equal emphasis vulnerable identified group child woman disabled people associated armed force n group n 3 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #1", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A detailed, realistic and achievable DDR implementation annex in the comprehensive peace agreement. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing technical support to the parties at the peace talks to support the development of: \\n 1. Clear and sound DDR approaches for the different identified groups, with a focus on social and economic reintegration; \\n 2. An equal emphasis on vulnerable identified groups (children, women and disabled people) in or associated with the armed forces and \\n groups; \\n 3. A detailed description of the disposition and deployment of armed forces and groups (local and foreign) to be included in the DDR programme; \\n 4. A realistic time-line for the commencement and duration of the DDR programme; \\n 5. Unified national political, policy and operational mechanisms to support the implementation of the DDR programme; \\n 6. A clear division of labour among parties (government and party x) and other implementing partners (DPKO [civilian, military]; UN agencies, funds and programmes; international financial organizations [World Bank]; and local and international NGOs).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":565, "Sentence":"A detailed description of the disposition and deployment of armed forces and groups (local and foreign) to be included in the DDR programme; \\n 4.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures detailed description disposition deployment armed force group local foreign included ddr programme n 4 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #1", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A detailed, realistic and achievable DDR implementation annex in the comprehensive peace agreement. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing technical support to the parties at the peace talks to support the development of: \\n 1. Clear and sound DDR approaches for the different identified groups, with a focus on social and economic reintegration; \\n 2. An equal emphasis on vulnerable identified groups (children, women and disabled people) in or associated with the armed forces and \\n groups; \\n 3. A detailed description of the disposition and deployment of armed forces and groups (local and foreign) to be included in the DDR programme; \\n 4. A realistic time-line for the commencement and duration of the DDR programme; \\n 5. Unified national political, policy and operational mechanisms to support the implementation of the DDR programme; \\n 6. A clear division of labour among parties (government and party x) and other implementing partners (DPKO [civilian, military]; UN agencies, funds and programmes; international financial organizations [World Bank]; and local and international NGOs).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":565, "Sentence":"A realistic time-line for the commencement and duration of the DDR programme; \\n 5.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures realistic timeline commencement duration ddr programme n 5 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #1", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A detailed, realistic and achievable DDR implementation annex in the comprehensive peace agreement. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing technical support to the parties at the peace talks to support the development of: \\n 1. Clear and sound DDR approaches for the different identified groups, with a focus on social and economic reintegration; \\n 2. An equal emphasis on vulnerable identified groups (children, women and disabled people) in or associated with the armed forces and \\n groups; \\n 3. A detailed description of the disposition and deployment of armed forces and groups (local and foreign) to be included in the DDR programme; \\n 4. A realistic time-line for the commencement and duration of the DDR programme; \\n 5. Unified national political, policy and operational mechanisms to support the implementation of the DDR programme; \\n 6. A clear division of labour among parties (government and party x) and other implementing partners (DPKO [civilian, military]; UN agencies, funds and programmes; international financial organizations [World Bank]; and local and international NGOs).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":565, "Sentence":"Unified national political, policy and operational mechanisms to support the implementation of the DDR programme; \\n 6.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures unified national political policy operational mechanism support implementation ddr programme n 6 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #1", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A detailed, realistic and achievable DDR implementation annex in the comprehensive peace agreement. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing technical support to the parties at the peace talks to support the development of: \\n 1. Clear and sound DDR approaches for the different identified groups, with a focus on social and economic reintegration; \\n 2. An equal emphasis on vulnerable identified groups (children, women and disabled people) in or associated with the armed forces and \\n groups; \\n 3. A detailed description of the disposition and deployment of armed forces and groups (local and foreign) to be included in the DDR programme; \\n 4. A realistic time-line for the commencement and duration of the DDR programme; \\n 5. Unified national political, policy and operational mechanisms to support the implementation of the DDR programme; \\n 6. A clear division of labour among parties (government and party x) and other implementing partners (DPKO [civilian, military]; UN agencies, funds and programmes; international financial organizations [World Bank]; and local and international NGOs).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":565, "Sentence":"A clear division of labour among parties (government and party x) and other implementing partners (DPKO [civilian, military]; UN agencies, funds and programmes; international financial organizations [World Bank]; and local and international NGOs).", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures clear division labour among party government party x implementing partner dpko civilian military un agency fund programme international financial organization world bank local international ngo ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #2", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A well-resourced, joint strategic and operational plan for the implementation of DDR in country x. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing planning capacities and physical resources to: \\n 1. Establish all-inclusive joint planning mechanisms; \\n 2. Develop a time-phased concept of the DDR operations; \\n 3. Establish division of labour for key DDR tasks; \\n 4. Estimate the broad resource requirements; \\n 5. Start securing voluntary contributions; \\n 6. Start the procurement of DDR items with long lead times; \\n 7. Start the phased recruitment of personnel required from DPKO and other UN agencies; \\n 8. Raise a military component from the armed forces of Member States for DDR activities; \\n 9. Establish an effective public information campaign; \\n 10. Establish programmatic links between the DDR operation and other areas of the mission\u2019s work: security sector reform; recovery and reconstruction; etc.; \\n 11. Support the implementation of the established DDR strategy\/plan.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":566, "Sentence":"A well-resourced, joint strategic and operational plan for the implementation of DDR in country x.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures wellresourced joint strategic operational plan implementation ddr country x ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #2", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A well-resourced, joint strategic and operational plan for the implementation of DDR in country x. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing planning capacities and physical resources to: \\n 1. Establish all-inclusive joint planning mechanisms; \\n 2. Develop a time-phased concept of the DDR operations; \\n 3. Establish division of labour for key DDR tasks; \\n 4. Estimate the broad resource requirements; \\n 5. Start securing voluntary contributions; \\n 6. Start the procurement of DDR items with long lead times; \\n 7. Start the phased recruitment of personnel required from DPKO and other UN agencies; \\n 8. Raise a military component from the armed forces of Member States for DDR activities; \\n 9. Establish an effective public information campaign; \\n 10. Establish programmatic links between the DDR operation and other areas of the mission\u2019s work: security sector reform; recovery and reconstruction; etc.; \\n 11. Support the implementation of the established DDR strategy\/plan.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":566, "Sentence":"\\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing planning capacities and physical resources to: \\n 1.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures n key task nn un assist achieving aim providing planning capacity physical resource n 1 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #2", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A well-resourced, joint strategic and operational plan for the implementation of DDR in country x. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing planning capacities and physical resources to: \\n 1. Establish all-inclusive joint planning mechanisms; \\n 2. Develop a time-phased concept of the DDR operations; \\n 3. Establish division of labour for key DDR tasks; \\n 4. Estimate the broad resource requirements; \\n 5. Start securing voluntary contributions; \\n 6. Start the procurement of DDR items with long lead times; \\n 7. Start the phased recruitment of personnel required from DPKO and other UN agencies; \\n 8. Raise a military component from the armed forces of Member States for DDR activities; \\n 9. Establish an effective public information campaign; \\n 10. Establish programmatic links between the DDR operation and other areas of the mission\u2019s work: security sector reform; recovery and reconstruction; etc.; \\n 11. Support the implementation of the established DDR strategy\/plan.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":566, "Sentence":"Establish all-inclusive joint planning mechanisms; \\n 2.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures establish allinclusive joint planning mechanism n 2 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #2", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A well-resourced, joint strategic and operational plan for the implementation of DDR in country x. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing planning capacities and physical resources to: \\n 1. Establish all-inclusive joint planning mechanisms; \\n 2. Develop a time-phased concept of the DDR operations; \\n 3. Establish division of labour for key DDR tasks; \\n 4. Estimate the broad resource requirements; \\n 5. Start securing voluntary contributions; \\n 6. Start the procurement of DDR items with long lead times; \\n 7. Start the phased recruitment of personnel required from DPKO and other UN agencies; \\n 8. Raise a military component from the armed forces of Member States for DDR activities; \\n 9. Establish an effective public information campaign; \\n 10. Establish programmatic links between the DDR operation and other areas of the mission\u2019s work: security sector reform; recovery and reconstruction; etc.; \\n 11. Support the implementation of the established DDR strategy\/plan.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":566, "Sentence":"Develop a time-phased concept of the DDR operations; \\n 3.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures develop timephased concept ddr operation n 3 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #2", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A well-resourced, joint strategic and operational plan for the implementation of DDR in country x. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing planning capacities and physical resources to: \\n 1. Establish all-inclusive joint planning mechanisms; \\n 2. Develop a time-phased concept of the DDR operations; \\n 3. Establish division of labour for key DDR tasks; \\n 4. Estimate the broad resource requirements; \\n 5. Start securing voluntary contributions; \\n 6. Start the procurement of DDR items with long lead times; \\n 7. Start the phased recruitment of personnel required from DPKO and other UN agencies; \\n 8. Raise a military component from the armed forces of Member States for DDR activities; \\n 9. Establish an effective public information campaign; \\n 10. Establish programmatic links between the DDR operation and other areas of the mission\u2019s work: security sector reform; recovery and reconstruction; etc.; \\n 11. Support the implementation of the established DDR strategy\/plan.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":566, "Sentence":"Establish division of labour for key DDR tasks; \\n 4.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures establish division labour key ddr task n 4 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #2", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A well-resourced, joint strategic and operational plan for the implementation of DDR in country x. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing planning capacities and physical resources to: \\n 1. Establish all-inclusive joint planning mechanisms; \\n 2. Develop a time-phased concept of the DDR operations; \\n 3. Establish division of labour for key DDR tasks; \\n 4. Estimate the broad resource requirements; \\n 5. Start securing voluntary contributions; \\n 6. Start the procurement of DDR items with long lead times; \\n 7. Start the phased recruitment of personnel required from DPKO and other UN agencies; \\n 8. Raise a military component from the armed forces of Member States for DDR activities; \\n 9. Establish an effective public information campaign; \\n 10. Establish programmatic links between the DDR operation and other areas of the mission\u2019s work: security sector reform; recovery and reconstruction; etc.; \\n 11. Support the implementation of the established DDR strategy\/plan.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":566, "Sentence":"Estimate the broad resource requirements; \\n 5.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures estimate broad resource requirement n 5 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #2", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A well-resourced, joint strategic and operational plan for the implementation of DDR in country x. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing planning capacities and physical resources to: \\n 1. Establish all-inclusive joint planning mechanisms; \\n 2. Develop a time-phased concept of the DDR operations; \\n 3. Establish division of labour for key DDR tasks; \\n 4. Estimate the broad resource requirements; \\n 5. Start securing voluntary contributions; \\n 6. Start the procurement of DDR items with long lead times; \\n 7. Start the phased recruitment of personnel required from DPKO and other UN agencies; \\n 8. Raise a military component from the armed forces of Member States for DDR activities; \\n 9. Establish an effective public information campaign; \\n 10. Establish programmatic links between the DDR operation and other areas of the mission\u2019s work: security sector reform; recovery and reconstruction; etc.; \\n 11. Support the implementation of the established DDR strategy\/plan.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":566, "Sentence":"Start securing voluntary contributions; \\n 6.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures start securing voluntary contribution n 6 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #2", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A well-resourced, joint strategic and operational plan for the implementation of DDR in country x. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing planning capacities and physical resources to: \\n 1. Establish all-inclusive joint planning mechanisms; \\n 2. Develop a time-phased concept of the DDR operations; \\n 3. Establish division of labour for key DDR tasks; \\n 4. Estimate the broad resource requirements; \\n 5. Start securing voluntary contributions; \\n 6. Start the procurement of DDR items with long lead times; \\n 7. Start the phased recruitment of personnel required from DPKO and other UN agencies; \\n 8. Raise a military component from the armed forces of Member States for DDR activities; \\n 9. Establish an effective public information campaign; \\n 10. Establish programmatic links between the DDR operation and other areas of the mission\u2019s work: security sector reform; recovery and reconstruction; etc.; \\n 11. Support the implementation of the established DDR strategy\/plan.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":566, "Sentence":"Start the procurement of DDR items with long lead times; \\n 7.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures start procurement ddr item long lead time n 7 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #2", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A well-resourced, joint strategic and operational plan for the implementation of DDR in country x. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing planning capacities and physical resources to: \\n 1. Establish all-inclusive joint planning mechanisms; \\n 2. Develop a time-phased concept of the DDR operations; \\n 3. Establish division of labour for key DDR tasks; \\n 4. Estimate the broad resource requirements; \\n 5. Start securing voluntary contributions; \\n 6. Start the procurement of DDR items with long lead times; \\n 7. Start the phased recruitment of personnel required from DPKO and other UN agencies; \\n 8. Raise a military component from the armed forces of Member States for DDR activities; \\n 9. Establish an effective public information campaign; \\n 10. Establish programmatic links between the DDR operation and other areas of the mission\u2019s work: security sector reform; recovery and reconstruction; etc.; \\n 11. Support the implementation of the established DDR strategy\/plan.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":566, "Sentence":"Start the phased recruitment of personnel required from DPKO and other UN agencies; \\n 8.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures start phased recruitment personnel required dpko un agency n 8 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #2", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A well-resourced, joint strategic and operational plan for the implementation of DDR in country x. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing planning capacities and physical resources to: \\n 1. Establish all-inclusive joint planning mechanisms; \\n 2. Develop a time-phased concept of the DDR operations; \\n 3. Establish division of labour for key DDR tasks; \\n 4. Estimate the broad resource requirements; \\n 5. Start securing voluntary contributions; \\n 6. Start the procurement of DDR items with long lead times; \\n 7. Start the phased recruitment of personnel required from DPKO and other UN agencies; \\n 8. Raise a military component from the armed forces of Member States for DDR activities; \\n 9. Establish an effective public information campaign; \\n 10. Establish programmatic links between the DDR operation and other areas of the mission\u2019s work: security sector reform; recovery and reconstruction; etc.; \\n 11. Support the implementation of the established DDR strategy\/plan.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":566, "Sentence":"Raise a military component from the armed forces of Member States for DDR activities; \\n 9.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures raise military component armed force member state ddr activity n 9 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #2", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A well-resourced, joint strategic and operational plan for the implementation of DDR in country x. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing planning capacities and physical resources to: \\n 1. Establish all-inclusive joint planning mechanisms; \\n 2. Develop a time-phased concept of the DDR operations; \\n 3. Establish division of labour for key DDR tasks; \\n 4. Estimate the broad resource requirements; \\n 5. Start securing voluntary contributions; \\n 6. Start the procurement of DDR items with long lead times; \\n 7. Start the phased recruitment of personnel required from DPKO and other UN agencies; \\n 8. Raise a military component from the armed forces of Member States for DDR activities; \\n 9. Establish an effective public information campaign; \\n 10. Establish programmatic links between the DDR operation and other areas of the mission\u2019s work: security sector reform; recovery and reconstruction; etc.; \\n 11. Support the implementation of the established DDR strategy\/plan.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":566, "Sentence":"Establish an effective public information campaign; \\n 10.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures establish effective public information campaign n 10 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #2", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A well-resourced, joint strategic and operational plan for the implementation of DDR in country x. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing planning capacities and physical resources to: \\n 1. Establish all-inclusive joint planning mechanisms; \\n 2. Develop a time-phased concept of the DDR operations; \\n 3. Establish division of labour for key DDR tasks; \\n 4. Estimate the broad resource requirements; \\n 5. Start securing voluntary contributions; \\n 6. Start the procurement of DDR items with long lead times; \\n 7. Start the phased recruitment of personnel required from DPKO and other UN agencies; \\n 8. Raise a military component from the armed forces of Member States for DDR activities; \\n 9. Establish an effective public information campaign; \\n 10. Establish programmatic links between the DDR operation and other areas of the mission\u2019s work: security sector reform; recovery and reconstruction; etc.; \\n 11. Support the implementation of the established DDR strategy\/plan.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":566, "Sentence":"Establish programmatic links between the DDR operation and other areas of the mission\u2019s work: security sector reform; recovery and reconstruction; etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures establish programmatic link ddr operation area mission \u2019 work security sector reform recovery reconstruction etc ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #2", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A well-resourced, joint strategic and operational plan for the implementation of DDR in country x. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing planning capacities and physical resources to: \\n 1. Establish all-inclusive joint planning mechanisms; \\n 2. Develop a time-phased concept of the DDR operations; \\n 3. Establish division of labour for key DDR tasks; \\n 4. Estimate the broad resource requirements; \\n 5. Start securing voluntary contributions; \\n 6. Start the procurement of DDR items with long lead times; \\n 7. Start the phased recruitment of personnel required from DPKO and other UN agencies; \\n 8. Raise a military component from the armed forces of Member States for DDR activities; \\n 9. Establish an effective public information campaign; \\n 10. Establish programmatic links between the DDR operation and other areas of the mission\u2019s work: security sector reform; recovery and reconstruction; etc.; \\n 11. Support the implementation of the established DDR strategy\/plan.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":566, "Sentence":"; \\n 11.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures n 11 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #2", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A well-resourced, joint strategic and operational plan for the implementation of DDR in country x. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n The UN should assist in achieving this aim by providing planning capacities and physical resources to: \\n 1. Establish all-inclusive joint planning mechanisms; \\n 2. Develop a time-phased concept of the DDR operations; \\n 3. Establish division of labour for key DDR tasks; \\n 4. Estimate the broad resource requirements; \\n 5. Start securing voluntary contributions; \\n 6. Start the procurement of DDR items with long lead times; \\n 7. Start the phased recruitment of personnel required from DPKO and other UN agencies; \\n 8. Raise a military component from the armed forces of Member States for DDR activities; \\n 9. Establish an effective public information campaign; \\n 10. Establish programmatic links between the DDR operation and other areas of the mission\u2019s work: security sector reform; recovery and reconstruction; etc.; \\n 11. Support the implementation of the established DDR strategy\/plan.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":566, "Sentence":"Support the implementation of the established DDR strategy\/plan.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures support implementation established ddr strategy\/plan ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #3", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A national weapons management programme and a regional strategy to stop the flow of small arms and light weapons into country x. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n To ensure a comprehensive approach to disarmament, the UN should also focus on the supply side of the weapons issue. In this regard, the UN can provide technical, political (good offices) and diplomatic support to: \\n assist the parties to establish and implement necessary weapons management legislation; \\n support country x\u2019s capacity to implement the UN \\n Programme of Action to Prevent, Com\u00ad bat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects in 2001 (A\/Conf.192\/15); \\n support regional initiatives to control the flow of illicit small arms and light weapons in the region.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":567, "Sentence":"A national weapons management programme and a regional strategy to stop the flow of small arms and light weapons into country x.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures national weapon management programme regional strategy stop flow small arm light weapon country x ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #3", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A national weapons management programme and a regional strategy to stop the flow of small arms and light weapons into country x. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n To ensure a comprehensive approach to disarmament, the UN should also focus on the supply side of the weapons issue. In this regard, the UN can provide technical, political (good offices) and diplomatic support to: \\n assist the parties to establish and implement necessary weapons management legislation; \\n support country x\u2019s capacity to implement the UN \\n Programme of Action to Prevent, Com\u00ad bat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects in 2001 (A\/Conf.192\/15); \\n support regional initiatives to control the flow of illicit small arms and light weapons in the region.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":567, "Sentence":"\\n Key tasks \\n\\n To ensure a comprehensive approach to disarmament, the UN should also focus on the supply side of the weapons issue.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures n key task nn ensure comprehensive approach disarmament un also focus supply side weapon issue ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Annex C: Developing the DDR strategic objectives and policy frameworks", "Heading2":"An example of DDR strategic objectives", "Heading3":"DDR strategic objective #3", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A national weapons management programme and a regional strategy to stop the flow of small arms and light weapons into country x. \\n Key tasks \\n\\n To ensure a comprehensive approach to disarmament, the UN should also focus on the supply side of the weapons issue. In this regard, the UN can provide technical, political (good offices) and diplomatic support to: \\n assist the parties to establish and implement necessary weapons management legislation; \\n support country x\u2019s capacity to implement the UN \\n Programme of Action to Prevent, Com\u00ad bat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects in 2001 (A\/Conf.192\/15); \\n support regional initiatives to control the flow of illicit small arms and light weapons in the region.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":567, "Sentence":"In this regard, the UN can provide technical, political (good offices) and diplomatic support to: \\n assist the parties to establish and implement necessary weapons management legislation; \\n support country x\u2019s capacity to implement the UN \\n Programme of Action to Prevent, Com\u00ad bat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects in 2001 (A\/Conf.192\/15); \\n support regional initiatives to control the flow of illicit small arms and light weapons in the region.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures regard un provide technical political good office diplomatic support n assist party establish implement necessary weapon management legislation n support country x \u2019 capacity implement un n programme action prevent com\u00ad bat eradicate illicit trade small arm light weapon aspect 2001 a\/conf.192\/15 n support regional initiative control flow illicit small arm light weapon region ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 A good source for this information is the relevant Small Arms Survey report; see http:\/\/www.small- armssurvey.org. \\n 2 In Liberia, the dispute over the allocation of ministerial positions resulted in the walkout of junior members of the three factions in the first meeting of the National Commission on Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation and Reintegration in 2003, while uncertainty and disagreement over elections delayed the start of the DDR programme in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":568, "Sentence":"\\n 1 A good source for this information is the relevant Small Arms Survey report; see http:\/\/www.small- armssurvey.org.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures n 1 good source information relevant small arm survey report see http\/\/www.small armssurvey.org ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 A good source for this information is the relevant Small Arms Survey report; see http:\/\/www.small- armssurvey.org. \\n 2 In Liberia, the dispute over the allocation of ministerial positions resulted in the walkout of junior members of the three factions in the first meeting of the National Commission on Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation and Reintegration in 2003, while uncertainty and disagreement over elections delayed the start of the DDR programme in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":568, "Sentence":"\\n 2 In Liberia, the dispute over the allocation of ministerial positions resulted in the walkout of junior members of the three factions in the first meeting of the National Commission on Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation and Reintegration in 2003, while uncertainty and disagreement over elections delayed the start of the DDR programme in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire.", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures n 2 liberia dispute allocation ministerial position resulted walkout junior member three faction first meeting national commission disarmament demobilization rehabilitation reintegration 2003 uncertainty disagreement election delayed start ddr programme c\u00f4te \u2019 ivoire ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.10-Integrated-DDR-Planning-Processes-and-Structures", "Heading1":"TESTSummary", "Heading2":"TESTSummary", "Heading3":"TESTSummary", "Heading4":"TESTSummary", "Module":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures", "PageNum":900, "Paragraph":"TEST various stages of DDR, and the fact that its phases are interdependent", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":569, "Sentence":"TEST various stages of DDR, and the fact that its phases are interdependent", "ProcessedSent":"Integrated DDR Planning Processes and Structures test various stage ddr fact phase interdependent" }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Creating an effective disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) unit requires paying careful attention to a set of multidimensional components and principles. The main components of an integrated DDR unit are: political and programme management; overall DDR planning and coordination; monitoring and evaluation; public information and sen\u00ad sitization; administrative and financial management; and setting up and running regional DDR offices. Each of these components has specific requirements for appropriate and well\u00ad trained personnel.As the process of DDR includes numerous cross\u00adcutting issues, personnel in an inte\u00ad grated DDR unit include individuals from varying work sectors and specialities. Therefore, the selection and maintenance of integrated DDR unit personnel, based on a memorandum of understanding (MoU) between the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), is defined by the following principles: joint management of the DDR unit (in this case, management by a peacekeeping mission chief and UNDP chief); secondment of an administrative and finance cell by UNDP; second\u00ad ment of staff from other United Nations (UN) entities assisted by project support staff to fulfil the range of needs for an integrated DDR unit; and, finally, continuous links with other parts of the peacekeeping mission for the development of a joint DDR planning and programming approach.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":570, "Sentence":"Creating an effective disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) unit requires paying careful attention to a set of multidimensional components and principles.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing creating effective disarmament demobilization reintegration ddr unit requires paying careful attention set multidimensional component principle ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Creating an effective disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) unit requires paying careful attention to a set of multidimensional components and principles. The main components of an integrated DDR unit are: political and programme management; overall DDR planning and coordination; monitoring and evaluation; public information and sen\u00ad sitization; administrative and financial management; and setting up and running regional DDR offices. Each of these components has specific requirements for appropriate and well\u00ad trained personnel.As the process of DDR includes numerous cross\u00adcutting issues, personnel in an inte\u00ad grated DDR unit include individuals from varying work sectors and specialities. Therefore, the selection and maintenance of integrated DDR unit personnel, based on a memorandum of understanding (MoU) between the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), is defined by the following principles: joint management of the DDR unit (in this case, management by a peacekeeping mission chief and UNDP chief); secondment of an administrative and finance cell by UNDP; second\u00ad ment of staff from other United Nations (UN) entities assisted by project support staff to fulfil the range of needs for an integrated DDR unit; and, finally, continuous links with other parts of the peacekeeping mission for the development of a joint DDR planning and programming approach.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":570, "Sentence":"The main components of an integrated DDR unit are: political and programme management; overall DDR planning and coordination; monitoring and evaluation; public information and sen\u00ad sitization; administrative and financial management; and setting up and running regional DDR offices.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing main component integrated ddr unit political programme management overall ddr planning coordination monitoring evaluation public information sen\u00ad sitization administrative financial management setting running regional ddr office ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Creating an effective disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) unit requires paying careful attention to a set of multidimensional components and principles. The main components of an integrated DDR unit are: political and programme management; overall DDR planning and coordination; monitoring and evaluation; public information and sen\u00ad sitization; administrative and financial management; and setting up and running regional DDR offices. Each of these components has specific requirements for appropriate and well\u00ad trained personnel.As the process of DDR includes numerous cross\u00adcutting issues, personnel in an inte\u00ad grated DDR unit include individuals from varying work sectors and specialities. Therefore, the selection and maintenance of integrated DDR unit personnel, based on a memorandum of understanding (MoU) between the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), is defined by the following principles: joint management of the DDR unit (in this case, management by a peacekeeping mission chief and UNDP chief); secondment of an administrative and finance cell by UNDP; second\u00ad ment of staff from other United Nations (UN) entities assisted by project support staff to fulfil the range of needs for an integrated DDR unit; and, finally, continuous links with other parts of the peacekeeping mission for the development of a joint DDR planning and programming approach.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":570, "Sentence":"Each of these components has specific requirements for appropriate and well\u00ad trained personnel.As the process of DDR includes numerous cross\u00adcutting issues, personnel in an inte\u00ad grated DDR unit include individuals from varying work sectors and specialities.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing component specific requirement appropriate well\u00ad trained personnel.as process ddr includes numerous cross\u00adcutting issue personnel inte\u00ad grated ddr unit include individual varying work sector speciality ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Creating an effective disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) unit requires paying careful attention to a set of multidimensional components and principles. The main components of an integrated DDR unit are: political and programme management; overall DDR planning and coordination; monitoring and evaluation; public information and sen\u00ad sitization; administrative and financial management; and setting up and running regional DDR offices. Each of these components has specific requirements for appropriate and well\u00ad trained personnel.As the process of DDR includes numerous cross\u00adcutting issues, personnel in an inte\u00ad grated DDR unit include individuals from varying work sectors and specialities. Therefore, the selection and maintenance of integrated DDR unit personnel, based on a memorandum of understanding (MoU) between the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), is defined by the following principles: joint management of the DDR unit (in this case, management by a peacekeeping mission chief and UNDP chief); secondment of an administrative and finance cell by UNDP; second\u00ad ment of staff from other United Nations (UN) entities assisted by project support staff to fulfil the range of needs for an integrated DDR unit; and, finally, continuous links with other parts of the peacekeeping mission for the development of a joint DDR planning and programming approach.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":570, "Sentence":"Therefore, the selection and maintenance of integrated DDR unit personnel, based on a memorandum of understanding (MoU) between the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), is defined by the following principles: joint management of the DDR unit (in this case, management by a peacekeeping mission chief and UNDP chief); secondment of an administrative and finance cell by UNDP; second\u00ad ment of staff from other United Nations (UN) entities assisted by project support staff to fulfil the range of needs for an integrated DDR unit; and, finally, continuous links with other parts of the peacekeeping mission for the development of a joint DDR planning and programming approach.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing therefore selection maintenance integrated ddr unit personnel based memorandum understanding mou department peacekeeping operation dpko united nation development programme undp defined following principle joint management ddr unit case management peacekeeping mission chief undp chief secondment administrative finance cell undp second\u00ad ment staff united nation un entity assisted project support staff fulfil range need integrated ddr unit finally continuous link part peacekeeping mission development joint ddr planning programming approach ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The aim of this module is to explain: \\n the role of an integrated DDR unit in a peacekeeping mission; \\n personnel requirements of the DDR unit; \\n the recruitment and deployment process; \\n training opportunities for DDR practitioners.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":571, "Sentence":"The aim of this module is to explain: \\n the role of an integrated DDR unit in a peacekeeping mission; \\n personnel requirements of the DDR unit; \\n the recruitment and deployment process; \\n training opportunities for DDR practitioners.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing aim module explain n role integrated ddr unit peacekeeping mission n personnel requirement ddr unit n recruitment deployment process n training opportunity ddr practitioner ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of the abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":572, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of the abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing annex contains list abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of the abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":572, "Sentence":"A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing complete glossary term definition abbreviation used series integrated ddr standard iddrs given iddrs 1.20.in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of the abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":572, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing use consistent language used international organization standardization standard guideline n \u201c \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of the abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":572, "Sentence":"\\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of the abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":572, "Sentence":"\\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action . \u201d" }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The success of a DDR strategy depends to a great extent on the timely selection and appoint\u00ad ment of qualified, experienced and appropriately trained personnel deployed in a coherent DDR organizational structure.To ensure maximum cooperation (and minimize duplication) among the many UN agencies, funds and programmes working on DDR, the UN adopts an integrated approach towards the establishment of a DDR unit.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":573, "Sentence":"The success of a DDR strategy depends to a great extent on the timely selection and appoint\u00ad ment of qualified, experienced and appropriately trained personnel deployed in a coherent DDR organizational structure.To ensure maximum cooperation (and minimize duplication) among the many UN agencies, funds and programmes working on DDR, the UN adopts an integrated approach towards the establishment of a DDR unit.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing success ddr strategy depends great extent timely selection appoint\u00ad ment qualified experienced appropriately trained personnel deployed coherent ddr organizational structure.to ensure maximum cooperation minimize duplication among many un agency fund programme working ddr un adopts integrated approach towards establishment ddr unit ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The design of the personnel structure, and the deployment and management of personnel in the integrated unit and how they relate to others working in DDR are guided by the principles, key considerations and approaches defined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR. Of particular importance are: \\n Unity of effort: The peacekeeping mission, UN agencies, funds and programmes should work together at all stages of the DDR programme \u2014 from planning to implementa\u00ad tion to evaluation \u2014 to ensure that the programme is successful. An appropriate joint planning and coordination mechanism must be established as early as possible to ensure cooperation among all UN partners that may be involved in any aspect of the DDR programme; \\n Integration: Wherever possible, and when consistent with the mandate of the Security Council, the peacekeeping mission and the UN agencies, funds and programmes shall support an integrated DDR unit, which brings together the expertise, planning and coordination capacities of the various UN entities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":574, "Sentence":"The design of the personnel structure, and the deployment and management of personnel in the integrated unit and how they relate to others working in DDR are guided by the principles, key considerations and approaches defined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing design personnel structure deployment management personnel integrated unit relate others working ddr guided principle key consideration approach defined iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The design of the personnel structure, and the deployment and management of personnel in the integrated unit and how they relate to others working in DDR are guided by the principles, key considerations and approaches defined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR. Of particular importance are: \\n Unity of effort: The peacekeeping mission, UN agencies, funds and programmes should work together at all stages of the DDR programme \u2014 from planning to implementa\u00ad tion to evaluation \u2014 to ensure that the programme is successful. An appropriate joint planning and coordination mechanism must be established as early as possible to ensure cooperation among all UN partners that may be involved in any aspect of the DDR programme; \\n Integration: Wherever possible, and when consistent with the mandate of the Security Council, the peacekeeping mission and the UN agencies, funds and programmes shall support an integrated DDR unit, which brings together the expertise, planning and coordination capacities of the various UN entities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":574, "Sentence":"Of particular importance are: \\n Unity of effort: The peacekeeping mission, UN agencies, funds and programmes should work together at all stages of the DDR programme \u2014 from planning to implementa\u00ad tion to evaluation \u2014 to ensure that the programme is successful.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing particular importance n unity effort peacekeeping mission un agency fund programme work together stage ddr programme \u2014 planning implementa\u00ad tion evaluation \u2014 ensure programme successful ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The design of the personnel structure, and the deployment and management of personnel in the integrated unit and how they relate to others working in DDR are guided by the principles, key considerations and approaches defined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR. Of particular importance are: \\n Unity of effort: The peacekeeping mission, UN agencies, funds and programmes should work together at all stages of the DDR programme \u2014 from planning to implementa\u00ad tion to evaluation \u2014 to ensure that the programme is successful. An appropriate joint planning and coordination mechanism must be established as early as possible to ensure cooperation among all UN partners that may be involved in any aspect of the DDR programme; \\n Integration: Wherever possible, and when consistent with the mandate of the Security Council, the peacekeeping mission and the UN agencies, funds and programmes shall support an integrated DDR unit, which brings together the expertise, planning and coordination capacities of the various UN entities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":574, "Sentence":"An appropriate joint planning and coordination mechanism must be established as early as possible to ensure cooperation among all UN partners that may be involved in any aspect of the DDR programme; \\n Integration: Wherever possible, and when consistent with the mandate of the Security Council, the peacekeeping mission and the UN agencies, funds and programmes shall support an integrated DDR unit, which brings together the expertise, planning and coordination capacities of the various UN entities.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing appropriate joint planning coordination mechanism must established early possible ensure cooperation among un partner may involved aspect ddr programme n integration wherever possible consistent mandate security council peacekeeping mission un agency fund programme shall support integrated ddr unit brings together expertise planning coordination capacity various un entity ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The aim of establishing an integrated unit is to ensure joint planning and coordination, and effective and efficient decentralized implementation. The integrated DDR unit also employs the particular skills and expertise of the different UN entities to ensure flexibility, responsiveness, expertise and success for the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":575, "Sentence":"The aim of establishing an integrated unit is to ensure joint planning and coordination, and effective and efficient decentralized implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing aim establishing integrated unit ensure joint planning coordination effective efficient decentralized implementation ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The aim of establishing an integrated unit is to ensure joint planning and coordination, and effective and efficient decentralized implementation. The integrated DDR unit also employs the particular skills and expertise of the different UN entities to ensure flexibility, responsiveness, expertise and success for the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":575, "Sentence":"The integrated DDR unit also employs the particular skills and expertise of the different UN entities to ensure flexibility, responsiveness, expertise and success for the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing integrated ddr unit also employ particular skill expertise different un entity ensure flexibility responsiveness expertise success ddr programme ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.1. Components of the integrated DDR unit", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The integrated DDR unit, in general terms, should fulfil the following functions: \\n Political and programme management: The chief and deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit are responsible for the overall political and programme management. Both the chief and his\/her deputy will work to ensure that the DDR programme supports the overall peace process and mission objectives, and that there is close cooperation and collaboration with national stakeholders and other implementing partners, such as other UN entities, international organizations, non\u00adgovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the donor community; \\n Overall DDR planning and coordination: This component of the DDR unit is responsible for the overall development of the DDR programme. Seconded personnel from UN agencies, funds and programmes will work in this section to contribute to the joint planning and coordination of the DDR programme. Attached military and police per\u00ad sonnel from within the mission will also form part of this component; \\n Disarmament and demobilization: This component will be responsible for the overall implementation and management of all aspects of the disarmament and demobilization phases of the DDR programme. This includes short\u00adterm disarmament activities, such as weapons collection and registration, but also longer\u00adterm disarmament activities that support the establishment of a legal regime for the control of small arms and light weapons, and other community weapons collection initiatives. Where mandated, this component will coordinate with the military to assist in the destruction of weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance; \\n Reintegration: This component plans the economic and social reintegration strategies. It also plans the reinsertion programme to ensure consistency and coherence with the overall reintegration strategy. It needs to work closely with other parts of the mission facilitating the return and reintegration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees; \\n Monitoring and evaluation: This component is responsible for setting up and monitoring indicators to measure the achievements in all phases of the DDR programme. It also conducts DDR\u00adrelated surveys such as small arms baseline surveys, profiling of parti\u00ad cipants and beneficiaries, mapping of economic opportunities, etc.; \\n Public information and sensitization: This component works to develop the public informa\u00ad tion and sensitization strategy for the DDR programme. It draws on the direct support of the public information unit in the peacekeeping mission, but also employs other information dissemination personnel within the mission, such as the military, police and civil affairs officers, as well as local mechanisms such as theatre groups, adminis\u00ad trative structures, etc.; \\n Administrative and financial management: This is a small component of the unit, which may be seconded from an integrating UN entity to support the programme delivery aspect of the DDR unit. Its role is to utilize the administrative and financial capacities of the UN country office; \\n Regional DDR offices: These are the regional implementing components of the DDR unit, which would implement programmes at the local level in close cooperation with the other regionalized components of civil affairs, military, police, etc.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":576, "Sentence":"The integrated DDR unit, in general terms, should fulfil the following functions: \\n Political and programme management: The chief and deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit are responsible for the overall political and programme management.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing integrated ddr unit general term fulfil following function n political programme management chief deputy chief integrated ddr unit responsible overall political programme management ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.1. Components of the integrated DDR unit", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The integrated DDR unit, in general terms, should fulfil the following functions: \\n Political and programme management: The chief and deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit are responsible for the overall political and programme management. Both the chief and his\/her deputy will work to ensure that the DDR programme supports the overall peace process and mission objectives, and that there is close cooperation and collaboration with national stakeholders and other implementing partners, such as other UN entities, international organizations, non\u00adgovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the donor community; \\n Overall DDR planning and coordination: This component of the DDR unit is responsible for the overall development of the DDR programme. Seconded personnel from UN agencies, funds and programmes will work in this section to contribute to the joint planning and coordination of the DDR programme. Attached military and police per\u00ad sonnel from within the mission will also form part of this component; \\n Disarmament and demobilization: This component will be responsible for the overall implementation and management of all aspects of the disarmament and demobilization phases of the DDR programme. This includes short\u00adterm disarmament activities, such as weapons collection and registration, but also longer\u00adterm disarmament activities that support the establishment of a legal regime for the control of small arms and light weapons, and other community weapons collection initiatives. Where mandated, this component will coordinate with the military to assist in the destruction of weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance; \\n Reintegration: This component plans the economic and social reintegration strategies. It also plans the reinsertion programme to ensure consistency and coherence with the overall reintegration strategy. It needs to work closely with other parts of the mission facilitating the return and reintegration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees; \\n Monitoring and evaluation: This component is responsible for setting up and monitoring indicators to measure the achievements in all phases of the DDR programme. It also conducts DDR\u00adrelated surveys such as small arms baseline surveys, profiling of parti\u00ad cipants and beneficiaries, mapping of economic opportunities, etc.; \\n Public information and sensitization: This component works to develop the public informa\u00ad tion and sensitization strategy for the DDR programme. It draws on the direct support of the public information unit in the peacekeeping mission, but also employs other information dissemination personnel within the mission, such as the military, police and civil affairs officers, as well as local mechanisms such as theatre groups, adminis\u00ad trative structures, etc.; \\n Administrative and financial management: This is a small component of the unit, which may be seconded from an integrating UN entity to support the programme delivery aspect of the DDR unit. Its role is to utilize the administrative and financial capacities of the UN country office; \\n Regional DDR offices: These are the regional implementing components of the DDR unit, which would implement programmes at the local level in close cooperation with the other regionalized components of civil affairs, military, police, etc.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":576, "Sentence":"Both the chief and his\/her deputy will work to ensure that the DDR programme supports the overall peace process and mission objectives, and that there is close cooperation and collaboration with national stakeholders and other implementing partners, such as other UN entities, international organizations, non\u00adgovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the donor community; \\n Overall DDR planning and coordination: This component of the DDR unit is responsible for the overall development of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing chief his\/her deputy work ensure ddr programme support overall peace process mission objective close cooperation collaboration national stakeholder implementing partner un entity international organization non\u00adgovernmental organization ngo donor community n overall ddr planning coordination component ddr unit responsible overall development ddr programme ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.1. Components of the integrated DDR unit", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The integrated DDR unit, in general terms, should fulfil the following functions: \\n Political and programme management: The chief and deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit are responsible for the overall political and programme management. Both the chief and his\/her deputy will work to ensure that the DDR programme supports the overall peace process and mission objectives, and that there is close cooperation and collaboration with national stakeholders and other implementing partners, such as other UN entities, international organizations, non\u00adgovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the donor community; \\n Overall DDR planning and coordination: This component of the DDR unit is responsible for the overall development of the DDR programme. Seconded personnel from UN agencies, funds and programmes will work in this section to contribute to the joint planning and coordination of the DDR programme. Attached military and police per\u00ad sonnel from within the mission will also form part of this component; \\n Disarmament and demobilization: This component will be responsible for the overall implementation and management of all aspects of the disarmament and demobilization phases of the DDR programme. This includes short\u00adterm disarmament activities, such as weapons collection and registration, but also longer\u00adterm disarmament activities that support the establishment of a legal regime for the control of small arms and light weapons, and other community weapons collection initiatives. Where mandated, this component will coordinate with the military to assist in the destruction of weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance; \\n Reintegration: This component plans the economic and social reintegration strategies. It also plans the reinsertion programme to ensure consistency and coherence with the overall reintegration strategy. It needs to work closely with other parts of the mission facilitating the return and reintegration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees; \\n Monitoring and evaluation: This component is responsible for setting up and monitoring indicators to measure the achievements in all phases of the DDR programme. It also conducts DDR\u00adrelated surveys such as small arms baseline surveys, profiling of parti\u00ad cipants and beneficiaries, mapping of economic opportunities, etc.; \\n Public information and sensitization: This component works to develop the public informa\u00ad tion and sensitization strategy for the DDR programme. It draws on the direct support of the public information unit in the peacekeeping mission, but also employs other information dissemination personnel within the mission, such as the military, police and civil affairs officers, as well as local mechanisms such as theatre groups, adminis\u00ad trative structures, etc.; \\n Administrative and financial management: This is a small component of the unit, which may be seconded from an integrating UN entity to support the programme delivery aspect of the DDR unit. Its role is to utilize the administrative and financial capacities of the UN country office; \\n Regional DDR offices: These are the regional implementing components of the DDR unit, which would implement programmes at the local level in close cooperation with the other regionalized components of civil affairs, military, police, etc.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":576, "Sentence":"Seconded personnel from UN agencies, funds and programmes will work in this section to contribute to the joint planning and coordination of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing seconded personnel un agency fund programme work section contribute joint planning coordination ddr programme ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.1. Components of the integrated DDR unit", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The integrated DDR unit, in general terms, should fulfil the following functions: \\n Political and programme management: The chief and deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit are responsible for the overall political and programme management. Both the chief and his\/her deputy will work to ensure that the DDR programme supports the overall peace process and mission objectives, and that there is close cooperation and collaboration with national stakeholders and other implementing partners, such as other UN entities, international organizations, non\u00adgovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the donor community; \\n Overall DDR planning and coordination: This component of the DDR unit is responsible for the overall development of the DDR programme. Seconded personnel from UN agencies, funds and programmes will work in this section to contribute to the joint planning and coordination of the DDR programme. Attached military and police per\u00ad sonnel from within the mission will also form part of this component; \\n Disarmament and demobilization: This component will be responsible for the overall implementation and management of all aspects of the disarmament and demobilization phases of the DDR programme. This includes short\u00adterm disarmament activities, such as weapons collection and registration, but also longer\u00adterm disarmament activities that support the establishment of a legal regime for the control of small arms and light weapons, and other community weapons collection initiatives. Where mandated, this component will coordinate with the military to assist in the destruction of weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance; \\n Reintegration: This component plans the economic and social reintegration strategies. It also plans the reinsertion programme to ensure consistency and coherence with the overall reintegration strategy. It needs to work closely with other parts of the mission facilitating the return and reintegration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees; \\n Monitoring and evaluation: This component is responsible for setting up and monitoring indicators to measure the achievements in all phases of the DDR programme. It also conducts DDR\u00adrelated surveys such as small arms baseline surveys, profiling of parti\u00ad cipants and beneficiaries, mapping of economic opportunities, etc.; \\n Public information and sensitization: This component works to develop the public informa\u00ad tion and sensitization strategy for the DDR programme. It draws on the direct support of the public information unit in the peacekeeping mission, but also employs other information dissemination personnel within the mission, such as the military, police and civil affairs officers, as well as local mechanisms such as theatre groups, adminis\u00ad trative structures, etc.; \\n Administrative and financial management: This is a small component of the unit, which may be seconded from an integrating UN entity to support the programme delivery aspect of the DDR unit. Its role is to utilize the administrative and financial capacities of the UN country office; \\n Regional DDR offices: These are the regional implementing components of the DDR unit, which would implement programmes at the local level in close cooperation with the other regionalized components of civil affairs, military, police, etc.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":576, "Sentence":"Attached military and police per\u00ad sonnel from within the mission will also form part of this component; \\n Disarmament and demobilization: This component will be responsible for the overall implementation and management of all aspects of the disarmament and demobilization phases of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing attached military police per\u00ad sonnel within mission also form part component n disarmament demobilization component responsible overall implementation management aspect disarmament demobilization phase ddr programme ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.1. Components of the integrated DDR unit", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The integrated DDR unit, in general terms, should fulfil the following functions: \\n Political and programme management: The chief and deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit are responsible for the overall political and programme management. Both the chief and his\/her deputy will work to ensure that the DDR programme supports the overall peace process and mission objectives, and that there is close cooperation and collaboration with national stakeholders and other implementing partners, such as other UN entities, international organizations, non\u00adgovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the donor community; \\n Overall DDR planning and coordination: This component of the DDR unit is responsible for the overall development of the DDR programme. Seconded personnel from UN agencies, funds and programmes will work in this section to contribute to the joint planning and coordination of the DDR programme. Attached military and police per\u00ad sonnel from within the mission will also form part of this component; \\n Disarmament and demobilization: This component will be responsible for the overall implementation and management of all aspects of the disarmament and demobilization phases of the DDR programme. This includes short\u00adterm disarmament activities, such as weapons collection and registration, but also longer\u00adterm disarmament activities that support the establishment of a legal regime for the control of small arms and light weapons, and other community weapons collection initiatives. Where mandated, this component will coordinate with the military to assist in the destruction of weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance; \\n Reintegration: This component plans the economic and social reintegration strategies. It also plans the reinsertion programme to ensure consistency and coherence with the overall reintegration strategy. It needs to work closely with other parts of the mission facilitating the return and reintegration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees; \\n Monitoring and evaluation: This component is responsible for setting up and monitoring indicators to measure the achievements in all phases of the DDR programme. It also conducts DDR\u00adrelated surveys such as small arms baseline surveys, profiling of parti\u00ad cipants and beneficiaries, mapping of economic opportunities, etc.; \\n Public information and sensitization: This component works to develop the public informa\u00ad tion and sensitization strategy for the DDR programme. It draws on the direct support of the public information unit in the peacekeeping mission, but also employs other information dissemination personnel within the mission, such as the military, police and civil affairs officers, as well as local mechanisms such as theatre groups, adminis\u00ad trative structures, etc.; \\n Administrative and financial management: This is a small component of the unit, which may be seconded from an integrating UN entity to support the programme delivery aspect of the DDR unit. Its role is to utilize the administrative and financial capacities of the UN country office; \\n Regional DDR offices: These are the regional implementing components of the DDR unit, which would implement programmes at the local level in close cooperation with the other regionalized components of civil affairs, military, police, etc.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":576, "Sentence":"This includes short\u00adterm disarmament activities, such as weapons collection and registration, but also longer\u00adterm disarmament activities that support the establishment of a legal regime for the control of small arms and light weapons, and other community weapons collection initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing includes short\u00adterm disarmament activity weapon collection registration also longer\u00adterm disarmament activity support establishment legal regime control small arm light weapon community weapon collection initiative ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.1. Components of the integrated DDR unit", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The integrated DDR unit, in general terms, should fulfil the following functions: \\n Political and programme management: The chief and deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit are responsible for the overall political and programme management. Both the chief and his\/her deputy will work to ensure that the DDR programme supports the overall peace process and mission objectives, and that there is close cooperation and collaboration with national stakeholders and other implementing partners, such as other UN entities, international organizations, non\u00adgovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the donor community; \\n Overall DDR planning and coordination: This component of the DDR unit is responsible for the overall development of the DDR programme. Seconded personnel from UN agencies, funds and programmes will work in this section to contribute to the joint planning and coordination of the DDR programme. Attached military and police per\u00ad sonnel from within the mission will also form part of this component; \\n Disarmament and demobilization: This component will be responsible for the overall implementation and management of all aspects of the disarmament and demobilization phases of the DDR programme. This includes short\u00adterm disarmament activities, such as weapons collection and registration, but also longer\u00adterm disarmament activities that support the establishment of a legal regime for the control of small arms and light weapons, and other community weapons collection initiatives. Where mandated, this component will coordinate with the military to assist in the destruction of weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance; \\n Reintegration: This component plans the economic and social reintegration strategies. It also plans the reinsertion programme to ensure consistency and coherence with the overall reintegration strategy. It needs to work closely with other parts of the mission facilitating the return and reintegration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees; \\n Monitoring and evaluation: This component is responsible for setting up and monitoring indicators to measure the achievements in all phases of the DDR programme. It also conducts DDR\u00adrelated surveys such as small arms baseline surveys, profiling of parti\u00ad cipants and beneficiaries, mapping of economic opportunities, etc.; \\n Public information and sensitization: This component works to develop the public informa\u00ad tion and sensitization strategy for the DDR programme. It draws on the direct support of the public information unit in the peacekeeping mission, but also employs other information dissemination personnel within the mission, such as the military, police and civil affairs officers, as well as local mechanisms such as theatre groups, adminis\u00ad trative structures, etc.; \\n Administrative and financial management: This is a small component of the unit, which may be seconded from an integrating UN entity to support the programme delivery aspect of the DDR unit. Its role is to utilize the administrative and financial capacities of the UN country office; \\n Regional DDR offices: These are the regional implementing components of the DDR unit, which would implement programmes at the local level in close cooperation with the other regionalized components of civil affairs, military, police, etc.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":576, "Sentence":"Where mandated, this component will coordinate with the military to assist in the destruction of weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance; \\n Reintegration: This component plans the economic and social reintegration strategies.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing mandated component coordinate military assist destruction weapon ammunition unexploded ordnance n reintegration component plan economic social reintegration strategy ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.1. Components of the integrated DDR unit", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The integrated DDR unit, in general terms, should fulfil the following functions: \\n Political and programme management: The chief and deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit are responsible for the overall political and programme management. Both the chief and his\/her deputy will work to ensure that the DDR programme supports the overall peace process and mission objectives, and that there is close cooperation and collaboration with national stakeholders and other implementing partners, such as other UN entities, international organizations, non\u00adgovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the donor community; \\n Overall DDR planning and coordination: This component of the DDR unit is responsible for the overall development of the DDR programme. Seconded personnel from UN agencies, funds and programmes will work in this section to contribute to the joint planning and coordination of the DDR programme. Attached military and police per\u00ad sonnel from within the mission will also form part of this component; \\n Disarmament and demobilization: This component will be responsible for the overall implementation and management of all aspects of the disarmament and demobilization phases of the DDR programme. This includes short\u00adterm disarmament activities, such as weapons collection and registration, but also longer\u00adterm disarmament activities that support the establishment of a legal regime for the control of small arms and light weapons, and other community weapons collection initiatives. Where mandated, this component will coordinate with the military to assist in the destruction of weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance; \\n Reintegration: This component plans the economic and social reintegration strategies. It also plans the reinsertion programme to ensure consistency and coherence with the overall reintegration strategy. It needs to work closely with other parts of the mission facilitating the return and reintegration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees; \\n Monitoring and evaluation: This component is responsible for setting up and monitoring indicators to measure the achievements in all phases of the DDR programme. It also conducts DDR\u00adrelated surveys such as small arms baseline surveys, profiling of parti\u00ad cipants and beneficiaries, mapping of economic opportunities, etc.; \\n Public information and sensitization: This component works to develop the public informa\u00ad tion and sensitization strategy for the DDR programme. It draws on the direct support of the public information unit in the peacekeeping mission, but also employs other information dissemination personnel within the mission, such as the military, police and civil affairs officers, as well as local mechanisms such as theatre groups, adminis\u00ad trative structures, etc.; \\n Administrative and financial management: This is a small component of the unit, which may be seconded from an integrating UN entity to support the programme delivery aspect of the DDR unit. Its role is to utilize the administrative and financial capacities of the UN country office; \\n Regional DDR offices: These are the regional implementing components of the DDR unit, which would implement programmes at the local level in close cooperation with the other regionalized components of civil affairs, military, police, etc.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":576, "Sentence":"It also plans the reinsertion programme to ensure consistency and coherence with the overall reintegration strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing also plan reinsertion programme ensure consistency coherence overall reintegration strategy ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.1. Components of the integrated DDR unit", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The integrated DDR unit, in general terms, should fulfil the following functions: \\n Political and programme management: The chief and deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit are responsible for the overall political and programme management. Both the chief and his\/her deputy will work to ensure that the DDR programme supports the overall peace process and mission objectives, and that there is close cooperation and collaboration with national stakeholders and other implementing partners, such as other UN entities, international organizations, non\u00adgovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the donor community; \\n Overall DDR planning and coordination: This component of the DDR unit is responsible for the overall development of the DDR programme. Seconded personnel from UN agencies, funds and programmes will work in this section to contribute to the joint planning and coordination of the DDR programme. Attached military and police per\u00ad sonnel from within the mission will also form part of this component; \\n Disarmament and demobilization: This component will be responsible for the overall implementation and management of all aspects of the disarmament and demobilization phases of the DDR programme. This includes short\u00adterm disarmament activities, such as weapons collection and registration, but also longer\u00adterm disarmament activities that support the establishment of a legal regime for the control of small arms and light weapons, and other community weapons collection initiatives. Where mandated, this component will coordinate with the military to assist in the destruction of weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance; \\n Reintegration: This component plans the economic and social reintegration strategies. It also plans the reinsertion programme to ensure consistency and coherence with the overall reintegration strategy. It needs to work closely with other parts of the mission facilitating the return and reintegration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees; \\n Monitoring and evaluation: This component is responsible for setting up and monitoring indicators to measure the achievements in all phases of the DDR programme. It also conducts DDR\u00adrelated surveys such as small arms baseline surveys, profiling of parti\u00ad cipants and beneficiaries, mapping of economic opportunities, etc.; \\n Public information and sensitization: This component works to develop the public informa\u00ad tion and sensitization strategy for the DDR programme. It draws on the direct support of the public information unit in the peacekeeping mission, but also employs other information dissemination personnel within the mission, such as the military, police and civil affairs officers, as well as local mechanisms such as theatre groups, adminis\u00ad trative structures, etc.; \\n Administrative and financial management: This is a small component of the unit, which may be seconded from an integrating UN entity to support the programme delivery aspect of the DDR unit. Its role is to utilize the administrative and financial capacities of the UN country office; \\n Regional DDR offices: These are the regional implementing components of the DDR unit, which would implement programmes at the local level in close cooperation with the other regionalized components of civil affairs, military, police, etc.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":576, "Sentence":"It needs to work closely with other parts of the mission facilitating the return and reintegration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees; \\n Monitoring and evaluation: This component is responsible for setting up and monitoring indicators to measure the achievements in all phases of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing need work closely part mission facilitating return reintegration internally displaced person idp refugee n monitoring evaluation component responsible setting monitoring indicator measure achievement phase ddr programme ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.1. Components of the integrated DDR unit", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The integrated DDR unit, in general terms, should fulfil the following functions: \\n Political and programme management: The chief and deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit are responsible for the overall political and programme management. Both the chief and his\/her deputy will work to ensure that the DDR programme supports the overall peace process and mission objectives, and that there is close cooperation and collaboration with national stakeholders and other implementing partners, such as other UN entities, international organizations, non\u00adgovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the donor community; \\n Overall DDR planning and coordination: This component of the DDR unit is responsible for the overall development of the DDR programme. Seconded personnel from UN agencies, funds and programmes will work in this section to contribute to the joint planning and coordination of the DDR programme. Attached military and police per\u00ad sonnel from within the mission will also form part of this component; \\n Disarmament and demobilization: This component will be responsible for the overall implementation and management of all aspects of the disarmament and demobilization phases of the DDR programme. This includes short\u00adterm disarmament activities, such as weapons collection and registration, but also longer\u00adterm disarmament activities that support the establishment of a legal regime for the control of small arms and light weapons, and other community weapons collection initiatives. Where mandated, this component will coordinate with the military to assist in the destruction of weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance; \\n Reintegration: This component plans the economic and social reintegration strategies. It also plans the reinsertion programme to ensure consistency and coherence with the overall reintegration strategy. It needs to work closely with other parts of the mission facilitating the return and reintegration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees; \\n Monitoring and evaluation: This component is responsible for setting up and monitoring indicators to measure the achievements in all phases of the DDR programme. It also conducts DDR\u00adrelated surveys such as small arms baseline surveys, profiling of parti\u00ad cipants and beneficiaries, mapping of economic opportunities, etc.; \\n Public information and sensitization: This component works to develop the public informa\u00ad tion and sensitization strategy for the DDR programme. It draws on the direct support of the public information unit in the peacekeeping mission, but also employs other information dissemination personnel within the mission, such as the military, police and civil affairs officers, as well as local mechanisms such as theatre groups, adminis\u00ad trative structures, etc.; \\n Administrative and financial management: This is a small component of the unit, which may be seconded from an integrating UN entity to support the programme delivery aspect of the DDR unit. Its role is to utilize the administrative and financial capacities of the UN country office; \\n Regional DDR offices: These are the regional implementing components of the DDR unit, which would implement programmes at the local level in close cooperation with the other regionalized components of civil affairs, military, police, etc.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":576, "Sentence":"It also conducts DDR\u00adrelated surveys such as small arms baseline surveys, profiling of parti\u00ad cipants and beneficiaries, mapping of economic opportunities, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing also conduct ddr\u00adrelated survey small arm baseline survey profiling parti\u00ad cipants beneficiary mapping economic opportunity etc ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.1. Components of the integrated DDR unit", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The integrated DDR unit, in general terms, should fulfil the following functions: \\n Political and programme management: The chief and deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit are responsible for the overall political and programme management. Both the chief and his\/her deputy will work to ensure that the DDR programme supports the overall peace process and mission objectives, and that there is close cooperation and collaboration with national stakeholders and other implementing partners, such as other UN entities, international organizations, non\u00adgovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the donor community; \\n Overall DDR planning and coordination: This component of the DDR unit is responsible for the overall development of the DDR programme. Seconded personnel from UN agencies, funds and programmes will work in this section to contribute to the joint planning and coordination of the DDR programme. Attached military and police per\u00ad sonnel from within the mission will also form part of this component; \\n Disarmament and demobilization: This component will be responsible for the overall implementation and management of all aspects of the disarmament and demobilization phases of the DDR programme. This includes short\u00adterm disarmament activities, such as weapons collection and registration, but also longer\u00adterm disarmament activities that support the establishment of a legal regime for the control of small arms and light weapons, and other community weapons collection initiatives. Where mandated, this component will coordinate with the military to assist in the destruction of weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance; \\n Reintegration: This component plans the economic and social reintegration strategies. It also plans the reinsertion programme to ensure consistency and coherence with the overall reintegration strategy. It needs to work closely with other parts of the mission facilitating the return and reintegration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees; \\n Monitoring and evaluation: This component is responsible for setting up and monitoring indicators to measure the achievements in all phases of the DDR programme. It also conducts DDR\u00adrelated surveys such as small arms baseline surveys, profiling of parti\u00ad cipants and beneficiaries, mapping of economic opportunities, etc.; \\n Public information and sensitization: This component works to develop the public informa\u00ad tion and sensitization strategy for the DDR programme. It draws on the direct support of the public information unit in the peacekeeping mission, but also employs other information dissemination personnel within the mission, such as the military, police and civil affairs officers, as well as local mechanisms such as theatre groups, adminis\u00ad trative structures, etc.; \\n Administrative and financial management: This is a small component of the unit, which may be seconded from an integrating UN entity to support the programme delivery aspect of the DDR unit. Its role is to utilize the administrative and financial capacities of the UN country office; \\n Regional DDR offices: These are the regional implementing components of the DDR unit, which would implement programmes at the local level in close cooperation with the other regionalized components of civil affairs, military, police, etc.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":576, "Sentence":"; \\n Public information and sensitization: This component works to develop the public informa\u00ad tion and sensitization strategy for the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n public information sensitization component work develop public informa\u00ad tion sensitization strategy ddr programme ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.1. Components of the integrated DDR unit", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The integrated DDR unit, in general terms, should fulfil the following functions: \\n Political and programme management: The chief and deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit are responsible for the overall political and programme management. Both the chief and his\/her deputy will work to ensure that the DDR programme supports the overall peace process and mission objectives, and that there is close cooperation and collaboration with national stakeholders and other implementing partners, such as other UN entities, international organizations, non\u00adgovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the donor community; \\n Overall DDR planning and coordination: This component of the DDR unit is responsible for the overall development of the DDR programme. Seconded personnel from UN agencies, funds and programmes will work in this section to contribute to the joint planning and coordination of the DDR programme. Attached military and police per\u00ad sonnel from within the mission will also form part of this component; \\n Disarmament and demobilization: This component will be responsible for the overall implementation and management of all aspects of the disarmament and demobilization phases of the DDR programme. This includes short\u00adterm disarmament activities, such as weapons collection and registration, but also longer\u00adterm disarmament activities that support the establishment of a legal regime for the control of small arms and light weapons, and other community weapons collection initiatives. Where mandated, this component will coordinate with the military to assist in the destruction of weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance; \\n Reintegration: This component plans the economic and social reintegration strategies. It also plans the reinsertion programme to ensure consistency and coherence with the overall reintegration strategy. It needs to work closely with other parts of the mission facilitating the return and reintegration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees; \\n Monitoring and evaluation: This component is responsible for setting up and monitoring indicators to measure the achievements in all phases of the DDR programme. It also conducts DDR\u00adrelated surveys such as small arms baseline surveys, profiling of parti\u00ad cipants and beneficiaries, mapping of economic opportunities, etc.; \\n Public information and sensitization: This component works to develop the public informa\u00ad tion and sensitization strategy for the DDR programme. It draws on the direct support of the public information unit in the peacekeeping mission, but also employs other information dissemination personnel within the mission, such as the military, police and civil affairs officers, as well as local mechanisms such as theatre groups, adminis\u00ad trative structures, etc.; \\n Administrative and financial management: This is a small component of the unit, which may be seconded from an integrating UN entity to support the programme delivery aspect of the DDR unit. Its role is to utilize the administrative and financial capacities of the UN country office; \\n Regional DDR offices: These are the regional implementing components of the DDR unit, which would implement programmes at the local level in close cooperation with the other regionalized components of civil affairs, military, police, etc.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":576, "Sentence":"It draws on the direct support of the public information unit in the peacekeeping mission, but also employs other information dissemination personnel within the mission, such as the military, police and civil affairs officers, as well as local mechanisms such as theatre groups, adminis\u00ad trative structures, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing draw direct support public information unit peacekeeping mission also employ information dissemination personnel within mission military police civil affair officer well local mechanism theatre group adminis\u00ad trative structure etc ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.1. Components of the integrated DDR unit", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The integrated DDR unit, in general terms, should fulfil the following functions: \\n Political and programme management: The chief and deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit are responsible for the overall political and programme management. Both the chief and his\/her deputy will work to ensure that the DDR programme supports the overall peace process and mission objectives, and that there is close cooperation and collaboration with national stakeholders and other implementing partners, such as other UN entities, international organizations, non\u00adgovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the donor community; \\n Overall DDR planning and coordination: This component of the DDR unit is responsible for the overall development of the DDR programme. Seconded personnel from UN agencies, funds and programmes will work in this section to contribute to the joint planning and coordination of the DDR programme. Attached military and police per\u00ad sonnel from within the mission will also form part of this component; \\n Disarmament and demobilization: This component will be responsible for the overall implementation and management of all aspects of the disarmament and demobilization phases of the DDR programme. This includes short\u00adterm disarmament activities, such as weapons collection and registration, but also longer\u00adterm disarmament activities that support the establishment of a legal regime for the control of small arms and light weapons, and other community weapons collection initiatives. Where mandated, this component will coordinate with the military to assist in the destruction of weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance; \\n Reintegration: This component plans the economic and social reintegration strategies. It also plans the reinsertion programme to ensure consistency and coherence with the overall reintegration strategy. It needs to work closely with other parts of the mission facilitating the return and reintegration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees; \\n Monitoring and evaluation: This component is responsible for setting up and monitoring indicators to measure the achievements in all phases of the DDR programme. It also conducts DDR\u00adrelated surveys such as small arms baseline surveys, profiling of parti\u00ad cipants and beneficiaries, mapping of economic opportunities, etc.; \\n Public information and sensitization: This component works to develop the public informa\u00ad tion and sensitization strategy for the DDR programme. It draws on the direct support of the public information unit in the peacekeeping mission, but also employs other information dissemination personnel within the mission, such as the military, police and civil affairs officers, as well as local mechanisms such as theatre groups, adminis\u00ad trative structures, etc.; \\n Administrative and financial management: This is a small component of the unit, which may be seconded from an integrating UN entity to support the programme delivery aspect of the DDR unit. Its role is to utilize the administrative and financial capacities of the UN country office; \\n Regional DDR offices: These are the regional implementing components of the DDR unit, which would implement programmes at the local level in close cooperation with the other regionalized components of civil affairs, military, police, etc.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":576, "Sentence":"; \\n Administrative and financial management: This is a small component of the unit, which may be seconded from an integrating UN entity to support the programme delivery aspect of the DDR unit.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n administrative financial management small component unit may seconded integrating un entity support programme delivery aspect ddr unit ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.1. Components of the integrated DDR unit", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The integrated DDR unit, in general terms, should fulfil the following functions: \\n Political and programme management: The chief and deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit are responsible for the overall political and programme management. Both the chief and his\/her deputy will work to ensure that the DDR programme supports the overall peace process and mission objectives, and that there is close cooperation and collaboration with national stakeholders and other implementing partners, such as other UN entities, international organizations, non\u00adgovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the donor community; \\n Overall DDR planning and coordination: This component of the DDR unit is responsible for the overall development of the DDR programme. Seconded personnel from UN agencies, funds and programmes will work in this section to contribute to the joint planning and coordination of the DDR programme. Attached military and police per\u00ad sonnel from within the mission will also form part of this component; \\n Disarmament and demobilization: This component will be responsible for the overall implementation and management of all aspects of the disarmament and demobilization phases of the DDR programme. This includes short\u00adterm disarmament activities, such as weapons collection and registration, but also longer\u00adterm disarmament activities that support the establishment of a legal regime for the control of small arms and light weapons, and other community weapons collection initiatives. Where mandated, this component will coordinate with the military to assist in the destruction of weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance; \\n Reintegration: This component plans the economic and social reintegration strategies. It also plans the reinsertion programme to ensure consistency and coherence with the overall reintegration strategy. It needs to work closely with other parts of the mission facilitating the return and reintegration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees; \\n Monitoring and evaluation: This component is responsible for setting up and monitoring indicators to measure the achievements in all phases of the DDR programme. It also conducts DDR\u00adrelated surveys such as small arms baseline surveys, profiling of parti\u00ad cipants and beneficiaries, mapping of economic opportunities, etc.; \\n Public information and sensitization: This component works to develop the public informa\u00ad tion and sensitization strategy for the DDR programme. It draws on the direct support of the public information unit in the peacekeeping mission, but also employs other information dissemination personnel within the mission, such as the military, police and civil affairs officers, as well as local mechanisms such as theatre groups, adminis\u00ad trative structures, etc.; \\n Administrative and financial management: This is a small component of the unit, which may be seconded from an integrating UN entity to support the programme delivery aspect of the DDR unit. Its role is to utilize the administrative and financial capacities of the UN country office; \\n Regional DDR offices: These are the regional implementing components of the DDR unit, which would implement programmes at the local level in close cooperation with the other regionalized components of civil affairs, military, police, etc.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":576, "Sentence":"Its role is to utilize the administrative and financial capacities of the UN country office; \\n Regional DDR offices: These are the regional implementing components of the DDR unit, which would implement programmes at the local level in close cooperation with the other regionalized components of civil affairs, military, police, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing role utilize administrative financial capacity un country office n regional ddr office regional implementing component ddr unit would implement programme local level close cooperation regionalized component civil affair military police etc ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.2. Principles of integration .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DPKO and UNDP are in the process of developing an MoU on the establishment of an integrated DDR unit in a peacekeeping mission. For the time being, the following principles shall guide the establishment of the integrated DDR unit: \\n Joint management of the DDR unit: The chief of the DDR unit shall come from the peace\u00ad keeping mission. His\/Her post shall be funded from the peacekeeping assessed budget. The deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit shall be seconded from UNDP, although the peacekeeping mission will provide him\/her with administrative and logistic support for him\/her to perform his\/her function as deputy chief of the DDR unit. Such integration allows the DDR unit to use the particular skills of both the mission and the country office, maximizing existing local knowledge and ensuring a smooth transition on DDR\u00adrelated issues when the mandate of the peacekeeping mission ends; \\n Administrative and finance cell from UNDP: UNDP shall second a small administrative and finance cell from its country office to support the programme delivery aspects of the DDR component. The principles of secondment use for the deputy chief of the DDR unit shall apply; \\n Secondment of staff from other UN entities: In order to maximize coherence and coordina\u00ad tion on DDR between missions and UN agencies, staff members from other agencies may be seconded to specific posts in the integrated DDR unit. Use of this method ensures the active engagement and participation of UN agencies in strategic policy decisions and coordination of UN DDR activities (including both mission operational support and programme implementation). The integration and co\u00adlocation of UN agency staff in this structure are essential, given the complex and highly operational nature of DDR. Decisions on secondment shall be made at the earliest stages of planning to ensure that the proper budgetary support is secure to support the integrated DDR unit and the seconded personnel; \\n Project support units: Core UN agency staff seconded to the integrated DDR unit may be complemented by additional project support staff located in project support units (PSUs) in order to provide capacity (programme, monitoring, operations, finance) for implementing key elements of UN assistance within the national planning and pro\u00ad gramme framework for DDR. The PSU will also be responsible for ensuring links and coordination with other agency programme areas (particularly in rule of law and security sector reform). Additional PSUs managed by other UN agencies can also be established, depending on the implementation\/operational role attributed to them; \\n Links with other parts of the peacekeeping mission: The integrated DDR unit shall be closely linked with other parts of the peacekeeping mission, in particular the military and the police, to ensure a \u2018joined\u00adup\u2019 approach to the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":577, "Sentence":"DPKO and UNDP are in the process of developing an MoU on the establishment of an integrated DDR unit in a peacekeeping mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing dpko undp process developing mou establishment integrated ddr unit peacekeeping mission ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.2. Principles of integration .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DPKO and UNDP are in the process of developing an MoU on the establishment of an integrated DDR unit in a peacekeeping mission. For the time being, the following principles shall guide the establishment of the integrated DDR unit: \\n Joint management of the DDR unit: The chief of the DDR unit shall come from the peace\u00ad keeping mission. His\/Her post shall be funded from the peacekeeping assessed budget. The deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit shall be seconded from UNDP, although the peacekeeping mission will provide him\/her with administrative and logistic support for him\/her to perform his\/her function as deputy chief of the DDR unit. Such integration allows the DDR unit to use the particular skills of both the mission and the country office, maximizing existing local knowledge and ensuring a smooth transition on DDR\u00adrelated issues when the mandate of the peacekeeping mission ends; \\n Administrative and finance cell from UNDP: UNDP shall second a small administrative and finance cell from its country office to support the programme delivery aspects of the DDR component. The principles of secondment use for the deputy chief of the DDR unit shall apply; \\n Secondment of staff from other UN entities: In order to maximize coherence and coordina\u00ad tion on DDR between missions and UN agencies, staff members from other agencies may be seconded to specific posts in the integrated DDR unit. Use of this method ensures the active engagement and participation of UN agencies in strategic policy decisions and coordination of UN DDR activities (including both mission operational support and programme implementation). The integration and co\u00adlocation of UN agency staff in this structure are essential, given the complex and highly operational nature of DDR. Decisions on secondment shall be made at the earliest stages of planning to ensure that the proper budgetary support is secure to support the integrated DDR unit and the seconded personnel; \\n Project support units: Core UN agency staff seconded to the integrated DDR unit may be complemented by additional project support staff located in project support units (PSUs) in order to provide capacity (programme, monitoring, operations, finance) for implementing key elements of UN assistance within the national planning and pro\u00ad gramme framework for DDR. The PSU will also be responsible for ensuring links and coordination with other agency programme areas (particularly in rule of law and security sector reform). Additional PSUs managed by other UN agencies can also be established, depending on the implementation\/operational role attributed to them; \\n Links with other parts of the peacekeeping mission: The integrated DDR unit shall be closely linked with other parts of the peacekeeping mission, in particular the military and the police, to ensure a \u2018joined\u00adup\u2019 approach to the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":577, "Sentence":"For the time being, the following principles shall guide the establishment of the integrated DDR unit: \\n Joint management of the DDR unit: The chief of the DDR unit shall come from the peace\u00ad keeping mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing time following principle shall guide establishment integrated ddr unit n joint management ddr unit chief ddr unit shall come peace\u00ad keeping mission ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.2. Principles of integration .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DPKO and UNDP are in the process of developing an MoU on the establishment of an integrated DDR unit in a peacekeeping mission. For the time being, the following principles shall guide the establishment of the integrated DDR unit: \\n Joint management of the DDR unit: The chief of the DDR unit shall come from the peace\u00ad keeping mission. His\/Her post shall be funded from the peacekeeping assessed budget. The deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit shall be seconded from UNDP, although the peacekeeping mission will provide him\/her with administrative and logistic support for him\/her to perform his\/her function as deputy chief of the DDR unit. Such integration allows the DDR unit to use the particular skills of both the mission and the country office, maximizing existing local knowledge and ensuring a smooth transition on DDR\u00adrelated issues when the mandate of the peacekeeping mission ends; \\n Administrative and finance cell from UNDP: UNDP shall second a small administrative and finance cell from its country office to support the programme delivery aspects of the DDR component. The principles of secondment use for the deputy chief of the DDR unit shall apply; \\n Secondment of staff from other UN entities: In order to maximize coherence and coordina\u00ad tion on DDR between missions and UN agencies, staff members from other agencies may be seconded to specific posts in the integrated DDR unit. Use of this method ensures the active engagement and participation of UN agencies in strategic policy decisions and coordination of UN DDR activities (including both mission operational support and programme implementation). The integration and co\u00adlocation of UN agency staff in this structure are essential, given the complex and highly operational nature of DDR. Decisions on secondment shall be made at the earliest stages of planning to ensure that the proper budgetary support is secure to support the integrated DDR unit and the seconded personnel; \\n Project support units: Core UN agency staff seconded to the integrated DDR unit may be complemented by additional project support staff located in project support units (PSUs) in order to provide capacity (programme, monitoring, operations, finance) for implementing key elements of UN assistance within the national planning and pro\u00ad gramme framework for DDR. The PSU will also be responsible for ensuring links and coordination with other agency programme areas (particularly in rule of law and security sector reform). Additional PSUs managed by other UN agencies can also be established, depending on the implementation\/operational role attributed to them; \\n Links with other parts of the peacekeeping mission: The integrated DDR unit shall be closely linked with other parts of the peacekeeping mission, in particular the military and the police, to ensure a \u2018joined\u00adup\u2019 approach to the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":577, "Sentence":"His\/Her post shall be funded from the peacekeeping assessed budget.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing his\/her post shall funded peacekeeping assessed budget ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.2. Principles of integration .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DPKO and UNDP are in the process of developing an MoU on the establishment of an integrated DDR unit in a peacekeeping mission. For the time being, the following principles shall guide the establishment of the integrated DDR unit: \\n Joint management of the DDR unit: The chief of the DDR unit shall come from the peace\u00ad keeping mission. His\/Her post shall be funded from the peacekeeping assessed budget. The deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit shall be seconded from UNDP, although the peacekeeping mission will provide him\/her with administrative and logistic support for him\/her to perform his\/her function as deputy chief of the DDR unit. Such integration allows the DDR unit to use the particular skills of both the mission and the country office, maximizing existing local knowledge and ensuring a smooth transition on DDR\u00adrelated issues when the mandate of the peacekeeping mission ends; \\n Administrative and finance cell from UNDP: UNDP shall second a small administrative and finance cell from its country office to support the programme delivery aspects of the DDR component. The principles of secondment use for the deputy chief of the DDR unit shall apply; \\n Secondment of staff from other UN entities: In order to maximize coherence and coordina\u00ad tion on DDR between missions and UN agencies, staff members from other agencies may be seconded to specific posts in the integrated DDR unit. Use of this method ensures the active engagement and participation of UN agencies in strategic policy decisions and coordination of UN DDR activities (including both mission operational support and programme implementation). The integration and co\u00adlocation of UN agency staff in this structure are essential, given the complex and highly operational nature of DDR. Decisions on secondment shall be made at the earliest stages of planning to ensure that the proper budgetary support is secure to support the integrated DDR unit and the seconded personnel; \\n Project support units: Core UN agency staff seconded to the integrated DDR unit may be complemented by additional project support staff located in project support units (PSUs) in order to provide capacity (programme, monitoring, operations, finance) for implementing key elements of UN assistance within the national planning and pro\u00ad gramme framework for DDR. The PSU will also be responsible for ensuring links and coordination with other agency programme areas (particularly in rule of law and security sector reform). Additional PSUs managed by other UN agencies can also be established, depending on the implementation\/operational role attributed to them; \\n Links with other parts of the peacekeeping mission: The integrated DDR unit shall be closely linked with other parts of the peacekeeping mission, in particular the military and the police, to ensure a \u2018joined\u00adup\u2019 approach to the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":577, "Sentence":"The deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit shall be seconded from UNDP, although the peacekeeping mission will provide him\/her with administrative and logistic support for him\/her to perform his\/her function as deputy chief of the DDR unit.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing deputy chief integrated ddr unit shall seconded undp although peacekeeping mission provide him\/her administrative logistic support him\/her perform his\/her function deputy chief ddr unit ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.2. Principles of integration .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DPKO and UNDP are in the process of developing an MoU on the establishment of an integrated DDR unit in a peacekeeping mission. For the time being, the following principles shall guide the establishment of the integrated DDR unit: \\n Joint management of the DDR unit: The chief of the DDR unit shall come from the peace\u00ad keeping mission. His\/Her post shall be funded from the peacekeeping assessed budget. The deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit shall be seconded from UNDP, although the peacekeeping mission will provide him\/her with administrative and logistic support for him\/her to perform his\/her function as deputy chief of the DDR unit. Such integration allows the DDR unit to use the particular skills of both the mission and the country office, maximizing existing local knowledge and ensuring a smooth transition on DDR\u00adrelated issues when the mandate of the peacekeeping mission ends; \\n Administrative and finance cell from UNDP: UNDP shall second a small administrative and finance cell from its country office to support the programme delivery aspects of the DDR component. The principles of secondment use for the deputy chief of the DDR unit shall apply; \\n Secondment of staff from other UN entities: In order to maximize coherence and coordina\u00ad tion on DDR between missions and UN agencies, staff members from other agencies may be seconded to specific posts in the integrated DDR unit. Use of this method ensures the active engagement and participation of UN agencies in strategic policy decisions and coordination of UN DDR activities (including both mission operational support and programme implementation). The integration and co\u00adlocation of UN agency staff in this structure are essential, given the complex and highly operational nature of DDR. Decisions on secondment shall be made at the earliest stages of planning to ensure that the proper budgetary support is secure to support the integrated DDR unit and the seconded personnel; \\n Project support units: Core UN agency staff seconded to the integrated DDR unit may be complemented by additional project support staff located in project support units (PSUs) in order to provide capacity (programme, monitoring, operations, finance) for implementing key elements of UN assistance within the national planning and pro\u00ad gramme framework for DDR. The PSU will also be responsible for ensuring links and coordination with other agency programme areas (particularly in rule of law and security sector reform). Additional PSUs managed by other UN agencies can also be established, depending on the implementation\/operational role attributed to them; \\n Links with other parts of the peacekeeping mission: The integrated DDR unit shall be closely linked with other parts of the peacekeeping mission, in particular the military and the police, to ensure a \u2018joined\u00adup\u2019 approach to the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":577, "Sentence":"Such integration allows the DDR unit to use the particular skills of both the mission and the country office, maximizing existing local knowledge and ensuring a smooth transition on DDR\u00adrelated issues when the mandate of the peacekeeping mission ends; \\n Administrative and finance cell from UNDP: UNDP shall second a small administrative and finance cell from its country office to support the programme delivery aspects of the DDR component.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing integration allows ddr unit use particular skill mission country office maximizing existing local knowledge ensuring smooth transition ddr\u00adrelated issue mandate peacekeeping mission end n administrative finance cell undp undp shall second small administrative finance cell country office support programme delivery aspect ddr component ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.2. Principles of integration .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DPKO and UNDP are in the process of developing an MoU on the establishment of an integrated DDR unit in a peacekeeping mission. For the time being, the following principles shall guide the establishment of the integrated DDR unit: \\n Joint management of the DDR unit: The chief of the DDR unit shall come from the peace\u00ad keeping mission. His\/Her post shall be funded from the peacekeeping assessed budget. The deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit shall be seconded from UNDP, although the peacekeeping mission will provide him\/her with administrative and logistic support for him\/her to perform his\/her function as deputy chief of the DDR unit. Such integration allows the DDR unit to use the particular skills of both the mission and the country office, maximizing existing local knowledge and ensuring a smooth transition on DDR\u00adrelated issues when the mandate of the peacekeeping mission ends; \\n Administrative and finance cell from UNDP: UNDP shall second a small administrative and finance cell from its country office to support the programme delivery aspects of the DDR component. The principles of secondment use for the deputy chief of the DDR unit shall apply; \\n Secondment of staff from other UN entities: In order to maximize coherence and coordina\u00ad tion on DDR between missions and UN agencies, staff members from other agencies may be seconded to specific posts in the integrated DDR unit. Use of this method ensures the active engagement and participation of UN agencies in strategic policy decisions and coordination of UN DDR activities (including both mission operational support and programme implementation). The integration and co\u00adlocation of UN agency staff in this structure are essential, given the complex and highly operational nature of DDR. Decisions on secondment shall be made at the earliest stages of planning to ensure that the proper budgetary support is secure to support the integrated DDR unit and the seconded personnel; \\n Project support units: Core UN agency staff seconded to the integrated DDR unit may be complemented by additional project support staff located in project support units (PSUs) in order to provide capacity (programme, monitoring, operations, finance) for implementing key elements of UN assistance within the national planning and pro\u00ad gramme framework for DDR. The PSU will also be responsible for ensuring links and coordination with other agency programme areas (particularly in rule of law and security sector reform). Additional PSUs managed by other UN agencies can also be established, depending on the implementation\/operational role attributed to them; \\n Links with other parts of the peacekeeping mission: The integrated DDR unit shall be closely linked with other parts of the peacekeeping mission, in particular the military and the police, to ensure a \u2018joined\u00adup\u2019 approach to the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":577, "Sentence":"The principles of secondment use for the deputy chief of the DDR unit shall apply; \\n Secondment of staff from other UN entities: In order to maximize coherence and coordina\u00ad tion on DDR between missions and UN agencies, staff members from other agencies may be seconded to specific posts in the integrated DDR unit.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing principle secondment use deputy chief ddr unit shall apply n secondment staff un entity order maximize coherence coordina\u00ad tion ddr mission un agency staff member agency may seconded specific post integrated ddr unit ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.2. Principles of integration .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DPKO and UNDP are in the process of developing an MoU on the establishment of an integrated DDR unit in a peacekeeping mission. For the time being, the following principles shall guide the establishment of the integrated DDR unit: \\n Joint management of the DDR unit: The chief of the DDR unit shall come from the peace\u00ad keeping mission. His\/Her post shall be funded from the peacekeeping assessed budget. The deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit shall be seconded from UNDP, although the peacekeeping mission will provide him\/her with administrative and logistic support for him\/her to perform his\/her function as deputy chief of the DDR unit. Such integration allows the DDR unit to use the particular skills of both the mission and the country office, maximizing existing local knowledge and ensuring a smooth transition on DDR\u00adrelated issues when the mandate of the peacekeeping mission ends; \\n Administrative and finance cell from UNDP: UNDP shall second a small administrative and finance cell from its country office to support the programme delivery aspects of the DDR component. The principles of secondment use for the deputy chief of the DDR unit shall apply; \\n Secondment of staff from other UN entities: In order to maximize coherence and coordina\u00ad tion on DDR between missions and UN agencies, staff members from other agencies may be seconded to specific posts in the integrated DDR unit. Use of this method ensures the active engagement and participation of UN agencies in strategic policy decisions and coordination of UN DDR activities (including both mission operational support and programme implementation). The integration and co\u00adlocation of UN agency staff in this structure are essential, given the complex and highly operational nature of DDR. Decisions on secondment shall be made at the earliest stages of planning to ensure that the proper budgetary support is secure to support the integrated DDR unit and the seconded personnel; \\n Project support units: Core UN agency staff seconded to the integrated DDR unit may be complemented by additional project support staff located in project support units (PSUs) in order to provide capacity (programme, monitoring, operations, finance) for implementing key elements of UN assistance within the national planning and pro\u00ad gramme framework for DDR. The PSU will also be responsible for ensuring links and coordination with other agency programme areas (particularly in rule of law and security sector reform). Additional PSUs managed by other UN agencies can also be established, depending on the implementation\/operational role attributed to them; \\n Links with other parts of the peacekeeping mission: The integrated DDR unit shall be closely linked with other parts of the peacekeeping mission, in particular the military and the police, to ensure a \u2018joined\u00adup\u2019 approach to the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":577, "Sentence":"Use of this method ensures the active engagement and participation of UN agencies in strategic policy decisions and coordination of UN DDR activities (including both mission operational support and programme implementation).", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing use method ensures active engagement participation un agency strategic policy decision coordination un ddr activity including mission operational support programme implementation ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.2. Principles of integration .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DPKO and UNDP are in the process of developing an MoU on the establishment of an integrated DDR unit in a peacekeeping mission. For the time being, the following principles shall guide the establishment of the integrated DDR unit: \\n Joint management of the DDR unit: The chief of the DDR unit shall come from the peace\u00ad keeping mission. His\/Her post shall be funded from the peacekeeping assessed budget. The deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit shall be seconded from UNDP, although the peacekeeping mission will provide him\/her with administrative and logistic support for him\/her to perform his\/her function as deputy chief of the DDR unit. Such integration allows the DDR unit to use the particular skills of both the mission and the country office, maximizing existing local knowledge and ensuring a smooth transition on DDR\u00adrelated issues when the mandate of the peacekeeping mission ends; \\n Administrative and finance cell from UNDP: UNDP shall second a small administrative and finance cell from its country office to support the programme delivery aspects of the DDR component. The principles of secondment use for the deputy chief of the DDR unit shall apply; \\n Secondment of staff from other UN entities: In order to maximize coherence and coordina\u00ad tion on DDR between missions and UN agencies, staff members from other agencies may be seconded to specific posts in the integrated DDR unit. Use of this method ensures the active engagement and participation of UN agencies in strategic policy decisions and coordination of UN DDR activities (including both mission operational support and programme implementation). The integration and co\u00adlocation of UN agency staff in this structure are essential, given the complex and highly operational nature of DDR. Decisions on secondment shall be made at the earliest stages of planning to ensure that the proper budgetary support is secure to support the integrated DDR unit and the seconded personnel; \\n Project support units: Core UN agency staff seconded to the integrated DDR unit may be complemented by additional project support staff located in project support units (PSUs) in order to provide capacity (programme, monitoring, operations, finance) for implementing key elements of UN assistance within the national planning and pro\u00ad gramme framework for DDR. The PSU will also be responsible for ensuring links and coordination with other agency programme areas (particularly in rule of law and security sector reform). Additional PSUs managed by other UN agencies can also be established, depending on the implementation\/operational role attributed to them; \\n Links with other parts of the peacekeeping mission: The integrated DDR unit shall be closely linked with other parts of the peacekeeping mission, in particular the military and the police, to ensure a \u2018joined\u00adup\u2019 approach to the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":577, "Sentence":"The integration and co\u00adlocation of UN agency staff in this structure are essential, given the complex and highly operational nature of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing integration co\u00adlocation un agency staff structure essential given complex highly operational nature ddr ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.2. Principles of integration .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DPKO and UNDP are in the process of developing an MoU on the establishment of an integrated DDR unit in a peacekeeping mission. For the time being, the following principles shall guide the establishment of the integrated DDR unit: \\n Joint management of the DDR unit: The chief of the DDR unit shall come from the peace\u00ad keeping mission. His\/Her post shall be funded from the peacekeeping assessed budget. The deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit shall be seconded from UNDP, although the peacekeeping mission will provide him\/her with administrative and logistic support for him\/her to perform his\/her function as deputy chief of the DDR unit. Such integration allows the DDR unit to use the particular skills of both the mission and the country office, maximizing existing local knowledge and ensuring a smooth transition on DDR\u00adrelated issues when the mandate of the peacekeeping mission ends; \\n Administrative and finance cell from UNDP: UNDP shall second a small administrative and finance cell from its country office to support the programme delivery aspects of the DDR component. The principles of secondment use for the deputy chief of the DDR unit shall apply; \\n Secondment of staff from other UN entities: In order to maximize coherence and coordina\u00ad tion on DDR between missions and UN agencies, staff members from other agencies may be seconded to specific posts in the integrated DDR unit. Use of this method ensures the active engagement and participation of UN agencies in strategic policy decisions and coordination of UN DDR activities (including both mission operational support and programme implementation). The integration and co\u00adlocation of UN agency staff in this structure are essential, given the complex and highly operational nature of DDR. Decisions on secondment shall be made at the earliest stages of planning to ensure that the proper budgetary support is secure to support the integrated DDR unit and the seconded personnel; \\n Project support units: Core UN agency staff seconded to the integrated DDR unit may be complemented by additional project support staff located in project support units (PSUs) in order to provide capacity (programme, monitoring, operations, finance) for implementing key elements of UN assistance within the national planning and pro\u00ad gramme framework for DDR. The PSU will also be responsible for ensuring links and coordination with other agency programme areas (particularly in rule of law and security sector reform). Additional PSUs managed by other UN agencies can also be established, depending on the implementation\/operational role attributed to them; \\n Links with other parts of the peacekeeping mission: The integrated DDR unit shall be closely linked with other parts of the peacekeeping mission, in particular the military and the police, to ensure a \u2018joined\u00adup\u2019 approach to the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":577, "Sentence":"Decisions on secondment shall be made at the earliest stages of planning to ensure that the proper budgetary support is secure to support the integrated DDR unit and the seconded personnel; \\n Project support units: Core UN agency staff seconded to the integrated DDR unit may be complemented by additional project support staff located in project support units (PSUs) in order to provide capacity (programme, monitoring, operations, finance) for implementing key elements of UN assistance within the national planning and pro\u00ad gramme framework for DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing decision secondment shall made earliest stage planning ensure proper budgetary support secure support integrated ddr unit seconded personnel n project support unit core un agency staff seconded integrated ddr unit may complemented additional project support staff located project support unit psus order provide capacity programme monitoring operation finance implementing key element un assistance within national planning pro\u00ad gramme framework ddr ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.2. Principles of integration .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DPKO and UNDP are in the process of developing an MoU on the establishment of an integrated DDR unit in a peacekeeping mission. For the time being, the following principles shall guide the establishment of the integrated DDR unit: \\n Joint management of the DDR unit: The chief of the DDR unit shall come from the peace\u00ad keeping mission. His\/Her post shall be funded from the peacekeeping assessed budget. The deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit shall be seconded from UNDP, although the peacekeeping mission will provide him\/her with administrative and logistic support for him\/her to perform his\/her function as deputy chief of the DDR unit. Such integration allows the DDR unit to use the particular skills of both the mission and the country office, maximizing existing local knowledge and ensuring a smooth transition on DDR\u00adrelated issues when the mandate of the peacekeeping mission ends; \\n Administrative and finance cell from UNDP: UNDP shall second a small administrative and finance cell from its country office to support the programme delivery aspects of the DDR component. The principles of secondment use for the deputy chief of the DDR unit shall apply; \\n Secondment of staff from other UN entities: In order to maximize coherence and coordina\u00ad tion on DDR between missions and UN agencies, staff members from other agencies may be seconded to specific posts in the integrated DDR unit. Use of this method ensures the active engagement and participation of UN agencies in strategic policy decisions and coordination of UN DDR activities (including both mission operational support and programme implementation). The integration and co\u00adlocation of UN agency staff in this structure are essential, given the complex and highly operational nature of DDR. Decisions on secondment shall be made at the earliest stages of planning to ensure that the proper budgetary support is secure to support the integrated DDR unit and the seconded personnel; \\n Project support units: Core UN agency staff seconded to the integrated DDR unit may be complemented by additional project support staff located in project support units (PSUs) in order to provide capacity (programme, monitoring, operations, finance) for implementing key elements of UN assistance within the national planning and pro\u00ad gramme framework for DDR. The PSU will also be responsible for ensuring links and coordination with other agency programme areas (particularly in rule of law and security sector reform). Additional PSUs managed by other UN agencies can also be established, depending on the implementation\/operational role attributed to them; \\n Links with other parts of the peacekeeping mission: The integrated DDR unit shall be closely linked with other parts of the peacekeeping mission, in particular the military and the police, to ensure a \u2018joined\u00adup\u2019 approach to the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":577, "Sentence":"The PSU will also be responsible for ensuring links and coordination with other agency programme areas (particularly in rule of law and security sector reform).", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing psu also responsible ensuring link coordination agency programme area particularly rule law security sector reform ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.2. Principles of integration .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DPKO and UNDP are in the process of developing an MoU on the establishment of an integrated DDR unit in a peacekeeping mission. For the time being, the following principles shall guide the establishment of the integrated DDR unit: \\n Joint management of the DDR unit: The chief of the DDR unit shall come from the peace\u00ad keeping mission. His\/Her post shall be funded from the peacekeeping assessed budget. The deputy chief of the integrated DDR unit shall be seconded from UNDP, although the peacekeeping mission will provide him\/her with administrative and logistic support for him\/her to perform his\/her function as deputy chief of the DDR unit. Such integration allows the DDR unit to use the particular skills of both the mission and the country office, maximizing existing local knowledge and ensuring a smooth transition on DDR\u00adrelated issues when the mandate of the peacekeeping mission ends; \\n Administrative and finance cell from UNDP: UNDP shall second a small administrative and finance cell from its country office to support the programme delivery aspects of the DDR component. The principles of secondment use for the deputy chief of the DDR unit shall apply; \\n Secondment of staff from other UN entities: In order to maximize coherence and coordina\u00ad tion on DDR between missions and UN agencies, staff members from other agencies may be seconded to specific posts in the integrated DDR unit. Use of this method ensures the active engagement and participation of UN agencies in strategic policy decisions and coordination of UN DDR activities (including both mission operational support and programme implementation). The integration and co\u00adlocation of UN agency staff in this structure are essential, given the complex and highly operational nature of DDR. Decisions on secondment shall be made at the earliest stages of planning to ensure that the proper budgetary support is secure to support the integrated DDR unit and the seconded personnel; \\n Project support units: Core UN agency staff seconded to the integrated DDR unit may be complemented by additional project support staff located in project support units (PSUs) in order to provide capacity (programme, monitoring, operations, finance) for implementing key elements of UN assistance within the national planning and pro\u00ad gramme framework for DDR. The PSU will also be responsible for ensuring links and coordination with other agency programme areas (particularly in rule of law and security sector reform). Additional PSUs managed by other UN agencies can also be established, depending on the implementation\/operational role attributed to them; \\n Links with other parts of the peacekeeping mission: The integrated DDR unit shall be closely linked with other parts of the peacekeeping mission, in particular the military and the police, to ensure a \u2018joined\u00adup\u2019 approach to the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":577, "Sentence":"Additional PSUs managed by other UN agencies can also be established, depending on the implementation\/operational role attributed to them; \\n Links with other parts of the peacekeeping mission: The integrated DDR unit shall be closely linked with other parts of the peacekeeping mission, in particular the military and the police, to ensure a \u2018joined\u00adup\u2019 approach to the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing additional psus managed un agency also established depending implementation\/operational role attributed n link part peacekeeping mission integrated ddr unit shall closely linked part peacekeeping mission particular military police ensure \u2018 joined\u00adup \u2019 approach ddr programme ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.3. Personnel requirements of the DDR unit .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"In line with the wide\u00adranging functions of the integrated DDR unit, the list below gives typical (generic) appointments that may be made in a DDR unit.Regardless of the size of the DDR programme, appointments of staff concerned with joint planning and coordination will remain largely the same, although they need to be consistent with the specific DDR mandate provided by the Security Council.The regional offices and the personnel requirement in these offices will differ, however, according the size of the DDR programme. The list below provides an example of a relatively large mission DDR unit appointment list, which may be adapted to suit mission\u00adspecific needs.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":578, "Sentence":"In line with the wide\u00adranging functions of the integrated DDR unit, the list below gives typical (generic) appointments that may be made in a DDR unit.Regardless of the size of the DDR programme, appointments of staff concerned with joint planning and coordination will remain largely the same, although they need to be consistent with the specific DDR mandate provided by the Security Council.The regional offices and the personnel requirement in these offices will differ, however, according the size of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing line wide\u00adranging function integrated ddr unit list give typical generic appointment may made ddr unit.regardless size ddr programme appointment staff concerned joint planning coordination remain largely although need consistent specific ddr mandate provided security council.the regional office personnel requirement office differ however according size ddr programme ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"5. The aim of the integrated unit", "Heading2":"5.3. Personnel requirements of the DDR unit .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"In line with the wide\u00adranging functions of the integrated DDR unit, the list below gives typical (generic) appointments that may be made in a DDR unit.Regardless of the size of the DDR programme, appointments of staff concerned with joint planning and coordination will remain largely the same, although they need to be consistent with the specific DDR mandate provided by the Security Council.The regional offices and the personnel requirement in these offices will differ, however, according the size of the DDR programme. The list below provides an example of a relatively large mission DDR unit appointment list, which may be adapted to suit mission\u00adspecific needs.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":578, "Sentence":"The list below provides an example of a relatively large mission DDR unit appointment list, which may be adapted to suit mission\u00adspecific needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing list provides example relatively large mission ddr unit appointment list may adapted suit mission\u00adspecific need ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Given the breadth and scope of DDR activities, staff members may come from a number of sources such as: \\n peacekeeping missions; \\n UN agencies, funds and programmes; UN Headquarters; \\n UN volunteer system; \\n other international organizations (World Bank, European Union, Organization for Secu\u00ad rity and Co\u00adoperation in Europe, etc.); \\n local and international NGOs; \\n the private sector.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":579, "Sentence":"Given the breadth and scope of DDR activities, staff members may come from a number of sources such as: \\n peacekeeping missions; \\n UN agencies, funds and programmes; UN Headquarters; \\n UN volunteer system; \\n other international organizations (World Bank, European Union, Organization for Secu\u00ad rity and Co\u00adoperation in Europe, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing given breadth scope ddr activity staff member may come number source n peacekeeping mission n un agency fund programme un headquarters n un volunteer system n international organization world bank european union organization secu\u00ad rity co\u00adoperation europe etc ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Given the breadth and scope of DDR activities, staff members may come from a number of sources such as: \\n peacekeeping missions; \\n UN agencies, funds and programmes; UN Headquarters; \\n UN volunteer system; \\n other international organizations (World Bank, European Union, Organization for Secu\u00ad rity and Co\u00adoperation in Europe, etc.); \\n local and international NGOs; \\n the private sector.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":579, "Sentence":"); \\n local and international NGOs; \\n the private sector.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n local international ngo n private sector ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.1. Personnel Management and Support Service", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The Personnel Management and Support Service (PMSS) in the Office of Mission Support is responsible for the recruitment and deployment of staff in a peacekeeping mission, with the exception of staff seconded from UN agencies (who will follow their own recruitment procedures).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":580, "Sentence":"The Personnel Management and Support Service (PMSS) in the Office of Mission Support is responsible for the recruitment and deployment of staff in a peacekeeping mission, with the exception of staff seconded from UN agencies (who will follow their own recruitment procedures).", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing personnel management support service pms office mission support responsible recruitment deployment staff peacekeeping mission exception staff seconded un agency follow recruitment procedure ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.2. Recruitment process .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The typical recruitment process for a staff member in the mission is as follows: \\n candidate applies on line to a generic vacancy announcement in the Galaxy system (http:\/\/www.jobs.un.org); \\n PMSS screens applications to select candidates who meet all the requirements of the post, and includes them in a roster of candidates for that occupational group\/level; \\n mission chief civilian personnel officer identifies the vacancy and requests recruitment action from PMSS; \\n PMSS makes available to the mission rosters of pre\u00adscreened and technically cleared candidates; \\n mission programme manager interviews candidates and recommends selection; \\n PMSS commences recruitment action (e.g., reference checks, offer of appointment, medical clearance, travel arrangements, etc.).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":581, "Sentence":"The typical recruitment process for a staff member in the mission is as follows: \\n candidate applies on line to a generic vacancy announcement in the Galaxy system (http:\/\/www.jobs.un.org); \\n PMSS screens applications to select candidates who meet all the requirements of the post, and includes them in a roster of candidates for that occupational group\/level; \\n mission chief civilian personnel officer identifies the vacancy and requests recruitment action from PMSS; \\n PMSS makes available to the mission rosters of pre\u00adscreened and technically cleared candidates; \\n mission programme manager interviews candidates and recommends selection; \\n PMSS commences recruitment action (e.g., reference checks, offer of appointment, medical clearance, travel arrangements, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing typical recruitment process staff member mission follows n candidate applies line generic vacancy announcement galaxy system http\/\/www.jobs.un.org n pms screen application select candidate meet requirement post includes roster candidate occupational group\/level n mission chief civilian personnel officer identifies vacancy request recruitment action pms n pms make available mission roster pre\u00adscreened technically cleared candidate n mission programme manager interview candidate recommends selection n pms commences recruitment action e.g . reference check offer appointment medical clearance travel arrangement etc ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.2. Recruitment process .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The typical recruitment process for a staff member in the mission is as follows: \\n candidate applies on line to a generic vacancy announcement in the Galaxy system (http:\/\/www.jobs.un.org); \\n PMSS screens applications to select candidates who meet all the requirements of the post, and includes them in a roster of candidates for that occupational group\/level; \\n mission chief civilian personnel officer identifies the vacancy and requests recruitment action from PMSS; \\n PMSS makes available to the mission rosters of pre\u00adscreened and technically cleared candidates; \\n mission programme manager interviews candidates and recommends selection; \\n PMSS commences recruitment action (e.g., reference checks, offer of appointment, medical clearance, travel arrangements, etc.).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":581, "Sentence":").", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.3. Generic job descriptions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Below is a list of appointments for which generic job descriptions are available; these can be found in the annexes as shown. \\n Chief, DDR Unit (Annex C.1) \\n Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (Annex C.2) \\n Senior Military DDR Officer (Annex C.3) \\n DDR Field Officer (Annex C.4) \\n DDR Field Officer (UNV) (Annex C.5) \\n DDR Programme Officer (UNV) (Annex C.6) \\n DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (UNV) (Annex C.7) \\n DDR Officer (International) (Annex C.8) \\n Reintegration Officer (International) (Annex C.9) \\n DDR Field Coordination Officer (National) (Annex C.10) \\n Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (Annex C.11) \\n DDR Gender Officer (Annex C.12) \\n DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (Annex C.13)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":582, "Sentence":"Below is a list of appointments for which generic job descriptions are available; these can be found in the annexes as shown.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing list appointment generic job description available found annex shown ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.3. Generic job descriptions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Below is a list of appointments for which generic job descriptions are available; these can be found in the annexes as shown. \\n Chief, DDR Unit (Annex C.1) \\n Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (Annex C.2) \\n Senior Military DDR Officer (Annex C.3) \\n DDR Field Officer (Annex C.4) \\n DDR Field Officer (UNV) (Annex C.5) \\n DDR Programme Officer (UNV) (Annex C.6) \\n DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (UNV) (Annex C.7) \\n DDR Officer (International) (Annex C.8) \\n Reintegration Officer (International) (Annex C.9) \\n DDR Field Coordination Officer (National) (Annex C.10) \\n Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (Annex C.11) \\n DDR Gender Officer (Annex C.12) \\n DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (Annex C.13)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":582, "Sentence":"\\n Chief, DDR Unit (Annex C.1) \\n Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (Annex C.2) \\n Senior Military DDR Officer (Annex C.3) \\n DDR Field Officer (Annex C.4) \\n DDR Field Officer (UNV) (Annex C.5) \\n DDR Programme Officer (UNV) (Annex C.6) \\n DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (UNV) (Annex C.7) \\n DDR Officer (International) (Annex C.8) \\n Reintegration Officer (International) (Annex C.9) \\n DDR Field Coordination Officer (National) (Annex C.10) \\n Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (Annex C.11) \\n DDR Gender Officer (Annex C.12) \\n DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (Annex C.13)", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n chief ddr unit annex c.1 n deputy chief ddr unit annex c.2 n senior military ddr officer annex c.3 n ddr field officer annex c.4 n ddr field officer unv annex c.5 n ddr programme officer unv annex c.6 n ddr monitoring evaluation officer unv annex c.7 n ddr officer international annex c.8 n reintegration officer international annex c.9 n ddr field coordination officer national annex c.10 n small arm light weapon officer annex c.11 n ddr gender officer annex c.12 n ddr hiv\/aids officer annex c.13" }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.4. Staff induction plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"At the planning stages of the mission, the DDR programme manager should develop the staff induction plan for the DDR unit. The staff induction plan specifies the recruitment and deployment priorities for the personnel in the DDR unit, who will be hired at different times during the mission start\u00adup period. The plan will assist the mission support compo\u00ad nent to recruit and deploy the appropriate personnel at the required time. The following template may be used in the development of the staff induction plan:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":583, "Sentence":"At the planning stages of the mission, the DDR programme manager should develop the staff induction plan for the DDR unit.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing planning stage mission ddr programme manager develop staff induction plan ddr unit ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.4. Staff induction plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"At the planning stages of the mission, the DDR programme manager should develop the staff induction plan for the DDR unit. The staff induction plan specifies the recruitment and deployment priorities for the personnel in the DDR unit, who will be hired at different times during the mission start\u00adup period. The plan will assist the mission support compo\u00ad nent to recruit and deploy the appropriate personnel at the required time. The following template may be used in the development of the staff induction plan:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":583, "Sentence":"The staff induction plan specifies the recruitment and deployment priorities for the personnel in the DDR unit, who will be hired at different times during the mission start\u00adup period.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing staff induction plan specifies recruitment deployment priority personnel ddr unit hired different time mission start\u00adup period ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.4. Staff induction plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"At the planning stages of the mission, the DDR programme manager should develop the staff induction plan for the DDR unit. The staff induction plan specifies the recruitment and deployment priorities for the personnel in the DDR unit, who will be hired at different times during the mission start\u00adup period. The plan will assist the mission support compo\u00ad nent to recruit and deploy the appropriate personnel at the required time. The following template may be used in the development of the staff induction plan:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":583, "Sentence":"The plan will assist the mission support compo\u00ad nent to recruit and deploy the appropriate personnel at the required time.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing plan assist mission support compo\u00ad nent recruit deploy appropriate personnel required time ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development", "Heading2":"6.4. Staff induction plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"At the planning stages of the mission, the DDR programme manager should develop the staff induction plan for the DDR unit. The staff induction plan specifies the recruitment and deployment priorities for the personnel in the DDR unit, who will be hired at different times during the mission start\u00adup period. The plan will assist the mission support compo\u00ad nent to recruit and deploy the appropriate personnel at the required time. The following template may be used in the development of the staff induction plan:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":583, "Sentence":"The following template may be used in the development of the staff induction plan:", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing following template may used development staff induction plan" }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"7. DDR training strategy", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A training strategy will be developed as soon as possible to assist staff members at every level in the DDR unit to advance their professional knowledge of DDR, and assist them to gain access to the more general leadership and management training available through the civilian training and development section.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":584, "Sentence":"A training strategy will be developed as soon as possible to assist staff members at every level in the DDR unit to advance their professional knowledge of DDR, and assist them to gain access to the more general leadership and management training available through the civilian training and development section.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing training strategy developed soon possible assist staff member every level ddr unit advance professional knowledge ddr assist gain access general leadership management training available civilian training development section ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"7. DDR training strategy", "Heading2":"7.1. Current DDR training courses .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"DDR training courses may be found on the UN DDR Resource Centre Web site: http:\/\/ www.unddr.org.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":585, "Sentence":"DDR training courses may be found on the UN DDR Resource Centre Web site: http:\/\/ www.unddr.org.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing ddr training course may found un ddr resource centre web site http\/\/ www.unddr.org ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.1: Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent normally reports directly to the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/ Humanitarian Coordinator).Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/Humanitarian Coordinator), the Chief of the DDR Unit is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n provide effective leadership and ensure the overall management of the DDR Unit in all its components; \\n\\n provide strategic vision and guidance to the DDR Unit and its staff; \\n\\n coordinate activities among international and national partners on disarmament, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration; \\n\\n develop frameworks and policies to integrate civil society in the development and implementation of DDR activities; \\n\\n account to the national disarmament commission on matters of policy as well as peri\u00ad odic updates with regard to the process of disarmament and reintegration; \\n\\n advise the Deputy SRSG (Humanitarian and Development Component) on various aspects of DDR and recommend appropriate action; \\n\\n advise and assist the government on DDR policy and operations; \\n\\n coordinate and integrate activities with other components of the mission on DDR, notably communications and public information, legal affairs, policy\/planning, civilian police and the military component; \\n\\n develop resource mobilization strategy and ensure coordination with donors, includ\u00ad ing the private sector; \\n\\n be responsible for the mission\u2019s DDR programme page in the UN DDR Resource Centre to ensure up\u00adto\u00addate information is presented to the international community. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":586, "Sentence":"Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing chief ddr unit d1\u2013p5organizational setting reporting relationship position located peace operation ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.1: Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent normally reports directly to the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/ Humanitarian Coordinator).Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/Humanitarian Coordinator), the Chief of the DDR Unit is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n provide effective leadership and ensure the overall management of the DDR Unit in all its components; \\n\\n provide strategic vision and guidance to the DDR Unit and its staff; \\n\\n coordinate activities among international and national partners on disarmament, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration; \\n\\n develop frameworks and policies to integrate civil society in the development and implementation of DDR activities; \\n\\n account to the national disarmament commission on matters of policy as well as peri\u00ad odic updates with regard to the process of disarmament and reintegration; \\n\\n advise the Deputy SRSG (Humanitarian and Development Component) on various aspects of DDR and recommend appropriate action; \\n\\n advise and assist the government on DDR policy and operations; \\n\\n coordinate and integrate activities with other components of the mission on DDR, notably communications and public information, legal affairs, policy\/planning, civilian police and the military component; \\n\\n develop resource mobilization strategy and ensure coordination with donors, includ\u00ad ing the private sector; \\n\\n be responsible for the mission\u2019s DDR programme page in the UN DDR Resource Centre to ensure up\u00adto\u00addate information is presented to the international community. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":586, "Sentence":"Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent normally reports directly to the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/ Humanitarian Coordinator).Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/Humanitarian Coordinator), the Chief of the DDR Unit is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing depending organizational structure mission location post incumbent normally report directly deputy srsg resident coordinator\/ humanitarian coordinator.accountabilities within limit delegated authority supervision deputy srsg resident coordinator\/humanitarian coordinator chief ddr unit responsible following duty n function generic may vary depending mission \u2019 mandate ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.1: Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent normally reports directly to the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/ Humanitarian Coordinator).Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/Humanitarian Coordinator), the Chief of the DDR Unit is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n provide effective leadership and ensure the overall management of the DDR Unit in all its components; \\n\\n provide strategic vision and guidance to the DDR Unit and its staff; \\n\\n coordinate activities among international and national partners on disarmament, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration; \\n\\n develop frameworks and policies to integrate civil society in the development and implementation of DDR activities; \\n\\n account to the national disarmament commission on matters of policy as well as peri\u00ad odic updates with regard to the process of disarmament and reintegration; \\n\\n advise the Deputy SRSG (Humanitarian and Development Component) on various aspects of DDR and recommend appropriate action; \\n\\n advise and assist the government on DDR policy and operations; \\n\\n coordinate and integrate activities with other components of the mission on DDR, notably communications and public information, legal affairs, policy\/planning, civilian police and the military component; \\n\\n develop resource mobilization strategy and ensure coordination with donors, includ\u00ad ing the private sector; \\n\\n be responsible for the mission\u2019s DDR programme page in the UN DDR Resource Centre to ensure up\u00adto\u00addate information is presented to the international community. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":586, "Sentence":"Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.)", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing therefore incumbent may carry function listed ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.1: Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent normally reports directly to the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/ Humanitarian Coordinator).Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/Humanitarian Coordinator), the Chief of the DDR Unit is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n provide effective leadership and ensure the overall management of the DDR Unit in all its components; \\n\\n provide strategic vision and guidance to the DDR Unit and its staff; \\n\\n coordinate activities among international and national partners on disarmament, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration; \\n\\n develop frameworks and policies to integrate civil society in the development and implementation of DDR activities; \\n\\n account to the national disarmament commission on matters of policy as well as peri\u00ad odic updates with regard to the process of disarmament and reintegration; \\n\\n advise the Deputy SRSG (Humanitarian and Development Component) on various aspects of DDR and recommend appropriate action; \\n\\n advise and assist the government on DDR policy and operations; \\n\\n coordinate and integrate activities with other components of the mission on DDR, notably communications and public information, legal affairs, policy\/planning, civilian police and the military component; \\n\\n develop resource mobilization strategy and ensure coordination with donors, includ\u00ad ing the private sector; \\n\\n be responsible for the mission\u2019s DDR programme page in the UN DDR Resource Centre to ensure up\u00adto\u00addate information is presented to the international community. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":586, "Sentence":"\\n\\n provide effective leadership and ensure the overall management of the DDR Unit in all its components; \\n\\n provide strategic vision and guidance to the DDR Unit and its staff; \\n\\n coordinate activities among international and national partners on disarmament, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration; \\n\\n develop frameworks and policies to integrate civil society in the development and implementation of DDR activities; \\n\\n account to the national disarmament commission on matters of policy as well as peri\u00ad odic updates with regard to the process of disarmament and reintegration; \\n\\n advise the Deputy SRSG (Humanitarian and Development Component) on various aspects of DDR and recommend appropriate action; \\n\\n advise and assist the government on DDR policy and operations; \\n\\n coordinate and integrate activities with other components of the mission on DDR, notably communications and public information, legal affairs, policy\/planning, civilian police and the military component; \\n\\n develop resource mobilization strategy and ensure coordination with donors, includ\u00ad ing the private sector; \\n\\n be responsible for the mission\u2019s DDR programme page in the UN DDR Resource Centre to ensure up\u00adto\u00addate information is presented to the international community.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn provide effective leadership ensure overall management ddr unit component nn provide strategic vision guidance ddr unit staff nn coordinate activity among international national partner disarmament demo\u00ad bilization reintegration nn develop framework policy integrate civil society development implementation ddr activity nn account national disarmament commission matter policy well peri\u00ad odic update regard process disarmament reintegration nn advise deputy srsg humanitarian development component various aspect ddr recommend appropriate action nn advise assist government ddr policy operation nn coordinate integrate activity component mission ddr notably communication public information legal affair policy\/planning civilian police military component nn develop resource mobilization strategy ensure coordination donor includ\u00ad ing private sector nn responsible mission \u2019 ddr programme page un ddr resource centre ensure up\u00adto\u00addate information presented international community ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.1: Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent normally reports directly to the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/ Humanitarian Coordinator).Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/Humanitarian Coordinator), the Chief of the DDR Unit is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n provide effective leadership and ensure the overall management of the DDR Unit in all its components; \\n\\n provide strategic vision and guidance to the DDR Unit and its staff; \\n\\n coordinate activities among international and national partners on disarmament, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration; \\n\\n develop frameworks and policies to integrate civil society in the development and implementation of DDR activities; \\n\\n account to the national disarmament commission on matters of policy as well as peri\u00ad odic updates with regard to the process of disarmament and reintegration; \\n\\n advise the Deputy SRSG (Humanitarian and Development Component) on various aspects of DDR and recommend appropriate action; \\n\\n advise and assist the government on DDR policy and operations; \\n\\n coordinate and integrate activities with other components of the mission on DDR, notably communications and public information, legal affairs, policy\/planning, civilian police and the military component; \\n\\n develop resource mobilization strategy and ensure coordination with donors, includ\u00ad ing the private sector; \\n\\n be responsible for the mission\u2019s DDR programme page in the UN DDR Resource Centre to ensure up\u00adto\u00addate information is presented to the international community. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":586, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn core value integrity professionalism respect diversity ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.1: Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options, concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":587, "Sentence":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing vision identifies defines strategic direction unit \u2019 work programme ability recognize requirement translate requirement programme service achieve objective goal ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.1: Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options, concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":587, "Sentence":"\\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n professionalism proven expertise area assignment in\u00addepth understanding ability evaluate international political situation area experience bilateral multilateral negotiation strong negotiating skill proven critical thinking skill ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.1: Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options, concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":587, "Sentence":"\\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n leadership proven ability provide effective leadership transfer advice knowl\u00ad edge staff level different national cultural background ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.1: Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options, concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":587, "Sentence":"\\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n managing performance proven effective supervisory skill ability mentor staff provide guidance support ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.1: Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options, concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":587, "Sentence":"\\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n planning organizing proven ability establish priority plan organize coor\u00ad dinate monitor work plan provide advice guidance others ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.1: Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options, concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":587, "Sentence":"\\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n judgement\/decisionmaking demonstrated sound judgement resolving issues\/problems ability proactively seek recommend sound policy initiative ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.1: Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options, concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":587, "Sentence":"\\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n creativity ability actively seek improve programme service offer new different option solve problems\/meet client need ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.1: Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options, concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":587, "Sentence":"\\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options, concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n communication excellent communication verbal written skill including ability prepare report conduct presentation clearly formulating position issue articulating option concisely conveying maximum necessary information making defending recommendation diplomacy tact ability convey difficult issue position senior official ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.1: Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options, concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":587, "Sentence":"\\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n teamwork excellent interpersonal skill ability establish maintain effective working relation people multicultural multi\u00adethnic environment sensitivity respect diversity ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.1: Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree (Masters or equivalent) in social sciences, manage\u00ad ment, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. \\n Experience: Minimum of 10 years of progressively responsible professional experience in peacekeeping and peace\u00adbuilding operations in the field of DDR of ex\u00adcombatants, including extensive experience in working on small arms reduction programmes. Detailed knowledge of development process and post\u00adconflict related issues particularly on the DDR process. Additional experience in developing support strategies for IDPs, refugees, disaffected popu\u00ad lations, children and women in post\u00adconflict situations will be valuable. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":588, "Sentence":"Education: Advanced university degree (Masters or equivalent) in social sciences, manage\u00ad ment, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing education advanced university degree master equivalent social science manage\u00ad ment economics business administration international development relevant field ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.1: Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree (Masters or equivalent) in social sciences, manage\u00ad ment, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. \\n Experience: Minimum of 10 years of progressively responsible professional experience in peacekeeping and peace\u00adbuilding operations in the field of DDR of ex\u00adcombatants, including extensive experience in working on small arms reduction programmes. Detailed knowledge of development process and post\u00adconflict related issues particularly on the DDR process. Additional experience in developing support strategies for IDPs, refugees, disaffected popu\u00ad lations, children and women in post\u00adconflict situations will be valuable. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":588, "Sentence":"\\n Experience: Minimum of 10 years of progressively responsible professional experience in peacekeeping and peace\u00adbuilding operations in the field of DDR of ex\u00adcombatants, including extensive experience in working on small arms reduction programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n experience minimum 10 year progressively responsible professional experience peacekeeping peace\u00adbuilding operation field ddr ex\u00adcombatants including extensive experience working small arm reduction programme ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.1: Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree (Masters or equivalent) in social sciences, manage\u00ad ment, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. \\n Experience: Minimum of 10 years of progressively responsible professional experience in peacekeeping and peace\u00adbuilding operations in the field of DDR of ex\u00adcombatants, including extensive experience in working on small arms reduction programmes. Detailed knowledge of development process and post\u00adconflict related issues particularly on the DDR process. Additional experience in developing support strategies for IDPs, refugees, disaffected popu\u00ad lations, children and women in post\u00adconflict situations will be valuable. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":588, "Sentence":"Detailed knowledge of development process and post\u00adconflict related issues particularly on the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing detailed knowledge development process post\u00adconflict related issue particularly ddr process ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.1: Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree (Masters or equivalent) in social sciences, manage\u00ad ment, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. \\n Experience: Minimum of 10 years of progressively responsible professional experience in peacekeeping and peace\u00adbuilding operations in the field of DDR of ex\u00adcombatants, including extensive experience in working on small arms reduction programmes. Detailed knowledge of development process and post\u00adconflict related issues particularly on the DDR process. Additional experience in developing support strategies for IDPs, refugees, disaffected popu\u00ad lations, children and women in post\u00adconflict situations will be valuable. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":588, "Sentence":"Additional experience in developing support strategies for IDPs, refugees, disaffected popu\u00ad lations, children and women in post\u00adconflict situations will be valuable.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing additional experience developing support strategy idp refugee disaffected popu\u00ad lations child woman post\u00adconflict situation valuable ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.1: Chief, DDR Unit (D1\u2013P5)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree (Masters or equivalent) in social sciences, manage\u00ad ment, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. \\n Experience: Minimum of 10 years of progressively responsible professional experience in peacekeeping and peace\u00adbuilding operations in the field of DDR of ex\u00adcombatants, including extensive experience in working on small arms reduction programmes. Detailed knowledge of development process and post\u00adconflict related issues particularly on the DDR process. Additional experience in developing support strategies for IDPs, refugees, disaffected popu\u00ad lations, children and women in post\u00adconflict situations will be valuable. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":588, "Sentence":"\\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n language fluency oral written english and\/or french depending working language mission knowledge second un official language may requirement specific post ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent reports directly to the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/Humani\u00ad tarian Coordinator). In most cases, the staff member filling this post would be seconded and paid for by UNDP. For duration of his\/her secondment as Deputy Chief, he\/she will receive administrative and logistic support from the peacekeeping mission.Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Deputy Chief is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n assist Chief of DDR Unit in the overall management of the DDR Unit in all its components; support Chief of DDR Unit in the overall day\u00adto\u00adday supervision of staff and field operations; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in the identification and development of synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and international) at the strategic, technical and operational levels; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in resource mobilization and ensure coordination with donors, including the private sector; \\n\\n provide technical advice and support to the national disarmament commission and programme as necessary; \\n\\n act as the programmatic linkage to the work of the UN country team on the broader reintegration and development issues of peace\u00adbuilding; \\n\\n provide overall coordination and financial responsibility for the programming and implementation of UNDP funds for disarmament and reintegration; \\n\\n oversee the development and coordination of the implementation of a comprehensive socio\u00adeconomic reintegration framework for members of armed forces and groups taking advantage of existing or planned recovery and reconstruction plans; \\n\\n oversee the development and coordination of the implementation of a comprehensive national capacity development support strategy focusing on weapons control, manage\u00ad ment, stockpiling and destruction; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in all other areas necessary for the success of DDR activities. Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":589, "Sentence":"Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing deputy chief ddr unit p5\u2013p4organizational setting reporting relationship position located peace operation ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent reports directly to the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/Humani\u00ad tarian Coordinator). In most cases, the staff member filling this post would be seconded and paid for by UNDP. For duration of his\/her secondment as Deputy Chief, he\/she will receive administrative and logistic support from the peacekeeping mission.Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Deputy Chief is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n assist Chief of DDR Unit in the overall management of the DDR Unit in all its components; support Chief of DDR Unit in the overall day\u00adto\u00adday supervision of staff and field operations; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in the identification and development of synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and international) at the strategic, technical and operational levels; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in resource mobilization and ensure coordination with donors, including the private sector; \\n\\n provide technical advice and support to the national disarmament commission and programme as necessary; \\n\\n act as the programmatic linkage to the work of the UN country team on the broader reintegration and development issues of peace\u00adbuilding; \\n\\n provide overall coordination and financial responsibility for the programming and implementation of UNDP funds for disarmament and reintegration; \\n\\n oversee the development and coordination of the implementation of a comprehensive socio\u00adeconomic reintegration framework for members of armed forces and groups taking advantage of existing or planned recovery and reconstruction plans; \\n\\n oversee the development and coordination of the implementation of a comprehensive national capacity development support strategy focusing on weapons control, manage\u00ad ment, stockpiling and destruction; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in all other areas necessary for the success of DDR activities. Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":589, "Sentence":"Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent reports directly to the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/Humani\u00ad tarian Coordinator).", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing depending organizational structure mission location post incumbent report directly deputy srsg resident coordinator\/humani\u00ad tarian coordinator ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent reports directly to the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/Humani\u00ad tarian Coordinator). In most cases, the staff member filling this post would be seconded and paid for by UNDP. For duration of his\/her secondment as Deputy Chief, he\/she will receive administrative and logistic support from the peacekeeping mission.Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Deputy Chief is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n assist Chief of DDR Unit in the overall management of the DDR Unit in all its components; support Chief of DDR Unit in the overall day\u00adto\u00adday supervision of staff and field operations; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in the identification and development of synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and international) at the strategic, technical and operational levels; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in resource mobilization and ensure coordination with donors, including the private sector; \\n\\n provide technical advice and support to the national disarmament commission and programme as necessary; \\n\\n act as the programmatic linkage to the work of the UN country team on the broader reintegration and development issues of peace\u00adbuilding; \\n\\n provide overall coordination and financial responsibility for the programming and implementation of UNDP funds for disarmament and reintegration; \\n\\n oversee the development and coordination of the implementation of a comprehensive socio\u00adeconomic reintegration framework for members of armed forces and groups taking advantage of existing or planned recovery and reconstruction plans; \\n\\n oversee the development and coordination of the implementation of a comprehensive national capacity development support strategy focusing on weapons control, manage\u00ad ment, stockpiling and destruction; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in all other areas necessary for the success of DDR activities. Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":589, "Sentence":"In most cases, the staff member filling this post would be seconded and paid for by UNDP.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing case staff member filling post would seconded paid undp ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent reports directly to the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/Humani\u00ad tarian Coordinator). In most cases, the staff member filling this post would be seconded and paid for by UNDP. For duration of his\/her secondment as Deputy Chief, he\/she will receive administrative and logistic support from the peacekeeping mission.Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Deputy Chief is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n assist Chief of DDR Unit in the overall management of the DDR Unit in all its components; support Chief of DDR Unit in the overall day\u00adto\u00adday supervision of staff and field operations; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in the identification and development of synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and international) at the strategic, technical and operational levels; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in resource mobilization and ensure coordination with donors, including the private sector; \\n\\n provide technical advice and support to the national disarmament commission and programme as necessary; \\n\\n act as the programmatic linkage to the work of the UN country team on the broader reintegration and development issues of peace\u00adbuilding; \\n\\n provide overall coordination and financial responsibility for the programming and implementation of UNDP funds for disarmament and reintegration; \\n\\n oversee the development and coordination of the implementation of a comprehensive socio\u00adeconomic reintegration framework for members of armed forces and groups taking advantage of existing or planned recovery and reconstruction plans; \\n\\n oversee the development and coordination of the implementation of a comprehensive national capacity development support strategy focusing on weapons control, manage\u00ad ment, stockpiling and destruction; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in all other areas necessary for the success of DDR activities. Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":589, "Sentence":"For duration of his\/her secondment as Deputy Chief, he\/she will receive administrative and logistic support from the peacekeeping mission.Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Deputy Chief is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing duration his\/her secondment deputy chief he\/she receive administrative logistic support peacekeeping mission.accountabilities within limit delegated authority supervision chief ddr unit deputy chief responsible following duty n function generic may vary depending mission \u2019 mandate ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent reports directly to the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/Humani\u00ad tarian Coordinator). In most cases, the staff member filling this post would be seconded and paid for by UNDP. For duration of his\/her secondment as Deputy Chief, he\/she will receive administrative and logistic support from the peacekeeping mission.Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Deputy Chief is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n assist Chief of DDR Unit in the overall management of the DDR Unit in all its components; support Chief of DDR Unit in the overall day\u00adto\u00adday supervision of staff and field operations; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in the identification and development of synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and international) at the strategic, technical and operational levels; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in resource mobilization and ensure coordination with donors, including the private sector; \\n\\n provide technical advice and support to the national disarmament commission and programme as necessary; \\n\\n act as the programmatic linkage to the work of the UN country team on the broader reintegration and development issues of peace\u00adbuilding; \\n\\n provide overall coordination and financial responsibility for the programming and implementation of UNDP funds for disarmament and reintegration; \\n\\n oversee the development and coordination of the implementation of a comprehensive socio\u00adeconomic reintegration framework for members of armed forces and groups taking advantage of existing or planned recovery and reconstruction plans; \\n\\n oversee the development and coordination of the implementation of a comprehensive national capacity development support strategy focusing on weapons control, manage\u00ad ment, stockpiling and destruction; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in all other areas necessary for the success of DDR activities. Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":589, "Sentence":"Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.)", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing therefore incumbent may carry function listed ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent reports directly to the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/Humani\u00ad tarian Coordinator). In most cases, the staff member filling this post would be seconded and paid for by UNDP. For duration of his\/her secondment as Deputy Chief, he\/she will receive administrative and logistic support from the peacekeeping mission.Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Deputy Chief is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n assist Chief of DDR Unit in the overall management of the DDR Unit in all its components; support Chief of DDR Unit in the overall day\u00adto\u00adday supervision of staff and field operations; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in the identification and development of synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and international) at the strategic, technical and operational levels; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in resource mobilization and ensure coordination with donors, including the private sector; \\n\\n provide technical advice and support to the national disarmament commission and programme as necessary; \\n\\n act as the programmatic linkage to the work of the UN country team on the broader reintegration and development issues of peace\u00adbuilding; \\n\\n provide overall coordination and financial responsibility for the programming and implementation of UNDP funds for disarmament and reintegration; \\n\\n oversee the development and coordination of the implementation of a comprehensive socio\u00adeconomic reintegration framework for members of armed forces and groups taking advantage of existing or planned recovery and reconstruction plans; \\n\\n oversee the development and coordination of the implementation of a comprehensive national capacity development support strategy focusing on weapons control, manage\u00ad ment, stockpiling and destruction; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in all other areas necessary for the success of DDR activities. Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":589, "Sentence":"\\n\\n assist Chief of DDR Unit in the overall management of the DDR Unit in all its components; support Chief of DDR Unit in the overall day\u00adto\u00adday supervision of staff and field operations; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in the identification and development of synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and international) at the strategic, technical and operational levels; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in resource mobilization and ensure coordination with donors, including the private sector; \\n\\n provide technical advice and support to the national disarmament commission and programme as necessary; \\n\\n act as the programmatic linkage to the work of the UN country team on the broader reintegration and development issues of peace\u00adbuilding; \\n\\n provide overall coordination and financial responsibility for the programming and implementation of UNDP funds for disarmament and reintegration; \\n\\n oversee the development and coordination of the implementation of a comprehensive socio\u00adeconomic reintegration framework for members of armed forces and groups taking advantage of existing or planned recovery and reconstruction plans; \\n\\n oversee the development and coordination of the implementation of a comprehensive national capacity development support strategy focusing on weapons control, manage\u00ad ment, stockpiling and destruction; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in all other areas necessary for the success of DDR activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn assist chief ddr unit overall management ddr unit component support chief ddr unit overall day\u00adto\u00adday supervision staff field operation nn support chief ddr unit identification development synergy partnership actor national international strategic technical operational level nn support chief ddr unit resource mobilization ensure coordination donor including private sector nn provide technical advice support national disarmament commission programme necessary nn act programmatic linkage work un country team broader reintegration development issue peace\u00adbuilding nn provide overall coordination financial responsibility programming implementation undp fund disarmament reintegration nn oversee development coordination implementation comprehensive socio\u00adeconomic reintegration framework member armed force group taking advantage existing planned recovery reconstruction plan nn oversee development coordination implementation comprehensive national capacity development support strategy focusing weapon control manage\u00ad ment stockpiling destruction nn support chief ddr unit area necessary success ddr activity ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent reports directly to the Deputy SRSG (Resident Coordinator\/Humani\u00ad tarian Coordinator). In most cases, the staff member filling this post would be seconded and paid for by UNDP. For duration of his\/her secondment as Deputy Chief, he\/she will receive administrative and logistic support from the peacekeeping mission.Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Deputy Chief is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n assist Chief of DDR Unit in the overall management of the DDR Unit in all its components; support Chief of DDR Unit in the overall day\u00adto\u00adday supervision of staff and field operations; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in the identification and development of synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and international) at the strategic, technical and operational levels; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in resource mobilization and ensure coordination with donors, including the private sector; \\n\\n provide technical advice and support to the national disarmament commission and programme as necessary; \\n\\n act as the programmatic linkage to the work of the UN country team on the broader reintegration and development issues of peace\u00adbuilding; \\n\\n provide overall coordination and financial responsibility for the programming and implementation of UNDP funds for disarmament and reintegration; \\n\\n oversee the development and coordination of the implementation of a comprehensive socio\u00adeconomic reintegration framework for members of armed forces and groups taking advantage of existing or planned recovery and reconstruction plans; \\n\\n oversee the development and coordination of the implementation of a comprehensive national capacity development support strategy focusing on weapons control, manage\u00ad ment, stockpiling and destruction; \\n\\n support Chief of DDR Unit in all other areas necessary for the success of DDR activities. Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":589, "Sentence":"Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing core value integrity professionalism respect diversity ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and diff\u00ad erent options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely, conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":590, "Sentence":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing vision identifies defines strategic direction unit \u2019 work programme ability recognize requirement translate requirement programme service achieve objective goal ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and diff\u00ad erent options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely, conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":590, "Sentence":"\\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n professionalism proven expertise area assignment in\u00addepth understanding ability evaluate international political situation area experience bilateral multilateral negotiation strong negotiating skill proven critical thinking skill ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and diff\u00ad erent options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely, conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":590, "Sentence":"\\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n leadership proven ability provide effective leadership transfer advice knowl\u00ad edge staff level different national cultural background ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and diff\u00ad erent options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely, conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":590, "Sentence":"\\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n managing performance proven effective supervisory skill ability mentor staff pro\u00ad vide guidance support ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and diff\u00ad erent options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely, conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":590, "Sentence":"\\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n planning organizing proven ability establish priority plan organize coor\u00ad dinate monitor work plan provide advice guidance others ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and diff\u00ad erent options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely, conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":590, "Sentence":"\\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n judgement\/decisionmaking demonstrated sound judgement resolving issues\/problems ability proactively seek recommend sound policy initiative ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and diff\u00ad erent options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely, conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":590, "Sentence":"Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and diff\u00ad erent options to solve problems\/meet client needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing creativity ability actively seek improve programme service offer new diff\u00ad erent option solve problems\/meet client need ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and diff\u00ad erent options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely, conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":590, "Sentence":"\\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely, conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n communication excellent communication verbal written skill including ability prepare report conduct presentation clearly formulating position issue articulating option concisely conveying maximum necessary information making defending recommendation diplomacy tact ability convey difficult issue position senior official ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Vision: Identifies and defines strategic direction for the unit\u2019s work programme; ability to recognize requirements and translate requirements into programmes and services that achieve objectives and goals. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations; strong negotiating skills; proven critical thinking skills. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge to staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, coor\u00ad dinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes and services, offer new and diff\u00ad erent options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely, conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":590, "Sentence":"\\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills and the ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n teamwork excellent interpersonal skill ability establish maintain effective working relation people multicultural multi\u00adethnic environment sensitivity respect diversity ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree (Masters or equivalent) in social sciences, manage\u00ad ment, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. \\n Experience: Minimum of 10 years of progressively responsible professional experience in peacekeeping and peace\u00adbuilding operations in the field of DDR of ex\u00adcombatants, including extensive experience in working on small arms reduction programmes. Detailed knowledge of development process and post\u00adconflict related issues, particularly on the DDR process. Additional experience in developing support strategies for IDPs, refugees, disaffected popu\u00ad lations, children and women in post\u00adconflict situations will be valuable. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":591, "Sentence":"Education: Advanced university degree (Masters or equivalent) in social sciences, manage\u00ad ment, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing education advanced university degree master equivalent social science manage\u00ad ment economics business administration international development relevant field ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree (Masters or equivalent) in social sciences, manage\u00ad ment, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. \\n Experience: Minimum of 10 years of progressively responsible professional experience in peacekeeping and peace\u00adbuilding operations in the field of DDR of ex\u00adcombatants, including extensive experience in working on small arms reduction programmes. Detailed knowledge of development process and post\u00adconflict related issues, particularly on the DDR process. Additional experience in developing support strategies for IDPs, refugees, disaffected popu\u00ad lations, children and women in post\u00adconflict situations will be valuable. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":591, "Sentence":"\\n Experience: Minimum of 10 years of progressively responsible professional experience in peacekeeping and peace\u00adbuilding operations in the field of DDR of ex\u00adcombatants, including extensive experience in working on small arms reduction programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n experience minimum 10 year progressively responsible professional experience peacekeeping peace\u00adbuilding operation field ddr ex\u00adcombatants including extensive experience working small arm reduction programme ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree (Masters or equivalent) in social sciences, manage\u00ad ment, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. \\n Experience: Minimum of 10 years of progressively responsible professional experience in peacekeeping and peace\u00adbuilding operations in the field of DDR of ex\u00adcombatants, including extensive experience in working on small arms reduction programmes. Detailed knowledge of development process and post\u00adconflict related issues, particularly on the DDR process. Additional experience in developing support strategies for IDPs, refugees, disaffected popu\u00ad lations, children and women in post\u00adconflict situations will be valuable. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":591, "Sentence":"Detailed knowledge of development process and post\u00adconflict related issues, particularly on the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing detailed knowledge development process post\u00adconflict related issue particularly ddr process ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree (Masters or equivalent) in social sciences, manage\u00ad ment, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. \\n Experience: Minimum of 10 years of progressively responsible professional experience in peacekeeping and peace\u00adbuilding operations in the field of DDR of ex\u00adcombatants, including extensive experience in working on small arms reduction programmes. Detailed knowledge of development process and post\u00adconflict related issues, particularly on the DDR process. Additional experience in developing support strategies for IDPs, refugees, disaffected popu\u00ad lations, children and women in post\u00adconflict situations will be valuable. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":591, "Sentence":"Additional experience in developing support strategies for IDPs, refugees, disaffected popu\u00ad lations, children and women in post\u00adconflict situations will be valuable.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing additional experience developing support strategy idp refugee disaffected popu\u00ad lations child woman post\u00adconflict situation valuable ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.2: Deputy Chief, DDR Unit (P5\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree (Masters or equivalent) in social sciences, manage\u00ad ment, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. \\n Experience: Minimum of 10 years of progressively responsible professional experience in peacekeeping and peace\u00adbuilding operations in the field of DDR of ex\u00adcombatants, including extensive experience in working on small arms reduction programmes. Detailed knowledge of development process and post\u00adconflict related issues, particularly on the DDR process. Additional experience in developing support strategies for IDPs, refugees, disaffected popu\u00ad lations, children and women in post\u00adconflict situations will be valuable. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":591, "Sentence":"\\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n language fluency oral written english and\/or french depending working language mission knowledge second un official language may requirement specific post ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Senior Military DDR Officer (Lieutenant-Colonel\/Colonel)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location.Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Senior Military DDR Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the overall DDR plan, specifically in the strategic, functional and operational areas relating to disarmament and demobilization; \\n direct and supervise all military personnel appointed to the DDR Unit; \\n ensure direct liaison and coordination between DDR operations and the military head\u00ad quarters, specifically the Joint Operations Centre; \\n ensure accurate and timely reporting of security matters, particularly those likely to affect DDR tasks; \\n provide direct liaison, advice and expertise to the Force Commander relating to DDR matters; \\n assist Chief of DDR Unit in the preparation and planning of the DDR strategy, provid\u00ad ing military advice, coordination between sub\u00adunits and civilian agencies; \\n liaise with other mission military elements, as well as national military commanders and, where appropriate, those in national DDR bodies; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of weapons collection, registration, storage and disposal\/destruction, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the use of mission forces for the potential construction or development of DDR facilities \u2014 camps, reception centres, pick\u00adup points, etc. As required, facilitate security of such locations; \\n assist in the coordination and development of DDR Unit mechanisms for receiving and recording group profile information, liaise on this subject with the military information unit; \\n liaise with military operations for the deployment of military observers in support of DDR tasks; \\n be prepared to support security sector reform linkages and activities in future mission planning; \\n undertake such other tasks as may be reasonably requested by the Force Commander and Chief of DDR Unit in relation to DDR activities. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":592, "Sentence":"Senior Military DDR Officer (Lieutenant-Colonel\/Colonel)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing senior military ddr officer lieutenantcolonel\/colonelorganizational setting reporting relationship position located peace operation ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Senior Military DDR Officer (Lieutenant-Colonel\/Colonel)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location.Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Senior Military DDR Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the overall DDR plan, specifically in the strategic, functional and operational areas relating to disarmament and demobilization; \\n direct and supervise all military personnel appointed to the DDR Unit; \\n ensure direct liaison and coordination between DDR operations and the military head\u00ad quarters, specifically the Joint Operations Centre; \\n ensure accurate and timely reporting of security matters, particularly those likely to affect DDR tasks; \\n provide direct liaison, advice and expertise to the Force Commander relating to DDR matters; \\n assist Chief of DDR Unit in the preparation and planning of the DDR strategy, provid\u00ad ing military advice, coordination between sub\u00adunits and civilian agencies; \\n liaise with other mission military elements, as well as national military commanders and, where appropriate, those in national DDR bodies; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of weapons collection, registration, storage and disposal\/destruction, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the use of mission forces for the potential construction or development of DDR facilities \u2014 camps, reception centres, pick\u00adup points, etc. As required, facilitate security of such locations; \\n assist in the coordination and development of DDR Unit mechanisms for receiving and recording group profile information, liaise on this subject with the military information unit; \\n liaise with military operations for the deployment of military observers in support of DDR tasks; \\n be prepared to support security sector reform linkages and activities in future mission planning; \\n undertake such other tasks as may be reasonably requested by the Force Commander and Chief of DDR Unit in relation to DDR activities. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":592, "Sentence":"Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location.Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Senior Military DDR Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing depending organizational structure mission location post incumbent may report directly chief ddr unit senior official charge ddr activity field location.accountabilities within limit delegated authority supervision chief ddr unit senior military ddr officer responsible following duty n function generic may vary depending mission \u2019 mandate ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Senior Military DDR Officer (Lieutenant-Colonel\/Colonel)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location.Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Senior Military DDR Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the overall DDR plan, specifically in the strategic, functional and operational areas relating to disarmament and demobilization; \\n direct and supervise all military personnel appointed to the DDR Unit; \\n ensure direct liaison and coordination between DDR operations and the military head\u00ad quarters, specifically the Joint Operations Centre; \\n ensure accurate and timely reporting of security matters, particularly those likely to affect DDR tasks; \\n provide direct liaison, advice and expertise to the Force Commander relating to DDR matters; \\n assist Chief of DDR Unit in the preparation and planning of the DDR strategy, provid\u00ad ing military advice, coordination between sub\u00adunits and civilian agencies; \\n liaise with other mission military elements, as well as national military commanders and, where appropriate, those in national DDR bodies; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of weapons collection, registration, storage and disposal\/destruction, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the use of mission forces for the potential construction or development of DDR facilities \u2014 camps, reception centres, pick\u00adup points, etc. As required, facilitate security of such locations; \\n assist in the coordination and development of DDR Unit mechanisms for receiving and recording group profile information, liaise on this subject with the military information unit; \\n liaise with military operations for the deployment of military observers in support of DDR tasks; \\n be prepared to support security sector reform linkages and activities in future mission planning; \\n undertake such other tasks as may be reasonably requested by the Force Commander and Chief of DDR Unit in relation to DDR activities. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":592, "Sentence":"Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.)", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing therefore incumbent may carry function listed ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Senior Military DDR Officer (Lieutenant-Colonel\/Colonel)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location.Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Senior Military DDR Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the overall DDR plan, specifically in the strategic, functional and operational areas relating to disarmament and demobilization; \\n direct and supervise all military personnel appointed to the DDR Unit; \\n ensure direct liaison and coordination between DDR operations and the military head\u00ad quarters, specifically the Joint Operations Centre; \\n ensure accurate and timely reporting of security matters, particularly those likely to affect DDR tasks; \\n provide direct liaison, advice and expertise to the Force Commander relating to DDR matters; \\n assist Chief of DDR Unit in the preparation and planning of the DDR strategy, provid\u00ad ing military advice, coordination between sub\u00adunits and civilian agencies; \\n liaise with other mission military elements, as well as national military commanders and, where appropriate, those in national DDR bodies; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of weapons collection, registration, storage and disposal\/destruction, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the use of mission forces for the potential construction or development of DDR facilities \u2014 camps, reception centres, pick\u00adup points, etc. As required, facilitate security of such locations; \\n assist in the coordination and development of DDR Unit mechanisms for receiving and recording group profile information, liaise on this subject with the military information unit; \\n liaise with military operations for the deployment of military observers in support of DDR tasks; \\n be prepared to support security sector reform linkages and activities in future mission planning; \\n undertake such other tasks as may be reasonably requested by the Force Commander and Chief of DDR Unit in relation to DDR activities. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":592, "Sentence":"\\n\\n support the overall DDR plan, specifically in the strategic, functional and operational areas relating to disarmament and demobilization; \\n direct and supervise all military personnel appointed to the DDR Unit; \\n ensure direct liaison and coordination between DDR operations and the military head\u00ad quarters, specifically the Joint Operations Centre; \\n ensure accurate and timely reporting of security matters, particularly those likely to affect DDR tasks; \\n provide direct liaison, advice and expertise to the Force Commander relating to DDR matters; \\n assist Chief of DDR Unit in the preparation and planning of the DDR strategy, provid\u00ad ing military advice, coordination between sub\u00adunits and civilian agencies; \\n liaise with other mission military elements, as well as national military commanders and, where appropriate, those in national DDR bodies; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of weapons collection, registration, storage and disposal\/destruction, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn support overall ddr plan specifically strategic functional operational area relating disarmament demobilization n direct supervise military personnel appointed ddr unit n ensure direct liaison coordination ddr operation military head\u00ad quarter specifically joint operation centre n ensure accurate timely reporting security matter particularly likely affect ddr task n provide direct liaison advice expertise force commander relating ddr matter n assist chief ddr unit preparation planning ddr strategy provid\u00ad ing military advice coordination sub\u00adunits civilian agency n liaise mission military element well national military commander appropriate national ddr body n supervise development appropriate mechanism system registration tracking weapon collection registration storage disposal\/destruction etc ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Senior Military DDR Officer (Lieutenant-Colonel\/Colonel)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location.Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Senior Military DDR Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the overall DDR plan, specifically in the strategic, functional and operational areas relating to disarmament and demobilization; \\n direct and supervise all military personnel appointed to the DDR Unit; \\n ensure direct liaison and coordination between DDR operations and the military head\u00ad quarters, specifically the Joint Operations Centre; \\n ensure accurate and timely reporting of security matters, particularly those likely to affect DDR tasks; \\n provide direct liaison, advice and expertise to the Force Commander relating to DDR matters; \\n assist Chief of DDR Unit in the preparation and planning of the DDR strategy, provid\u00ad ing military advice, coordination between sub\u00adunits and civilian agencies; \\n liaise with other mission military elements, as well as national military commanders and, where appropriate, those in national DDR bodies; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of weapons collection, registration, storage and disposal\/destruction, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the use of mission forces for the potential construction or development of DDR facilities \u2014 camps, reception centres, pick\u00adup points, etc. As required, facilitate security of such locations; \\n assist in the coordination and development of DDR Unit mechanisms for receiving and recording group profile information, liaise on this subject with the military information unit; \\n liaise with military operations for the deployment of military observers in support of DDR tasks; \\n be prepared to support security sector reform linkages and activities in future mission planning; \\n undertake such other tasks as may be reasonably requested by the Force Commander and Chief of DDR Unit in relation to DDR activities. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":592, "Sentence":"; \\n coordinate and facilitate the use of mission forces for the potential construction or development of DDR facilities \u2014 camps, reception centres, pick\u00adup points, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n coordinate facilitate use mission force potential construction development ddr facility \u2014 camp reception centre pick\u00adup point etc ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Senior Military DDR Officer (Lieutenant-Colonel\/Colonel)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location.Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Senior Military DDR Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the overall DDR plan, specifically in the strategic, functional and operational areas relating to disarmament and demobilization; \\n direct and supervise all military personnel appointed to the DDR Unit; \\n ensure direct liaison and coordination between DDR operations and the military head\u00ad quarters, specifically the Joint Operations Centre; \\n ensure accurate and timely reporting of security matters, particularly those likely to affect DDR tasks; \\n provide direct liaison, advice and expertise to the Force Commander relating to DDR matters; \\n assist Chief of DDR Unit in the preparation and planning of the DDR strategy, provid\u00ad ing military advice, coordination between sub\u00adunits and civilian agencies; \\n liaise with other mission military elements, as well as national military commanders and, where appropriate, those in national DDR bodies; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of weapons collection, registration, storage and disposal\/destruction, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the use of mission forces for the potential construction or development of DDR facilities \u2014 camps, reception centres, pick\u00adup points, etc. As required, facilitate security of such locations; \\n assist in the coordination and development of DDR Unit mechanisms for receiving and recording group profile information, liaise on this subject with the military information unit; \\n liaise with military operations for the deployment of military observers in support of DDR tasks; \\n be prepared to support security sector reform linkages and activities in future mission planning; \\n undertake such other tasks as may be reasonably requested by the Force Commander and Chief of DDR Unit in relation to DDR activities. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":592, "Sentence":"As required, facilitate security of such locations; \\n assist in the coordination and development of DDR Unit mechanisms for receiving and recording group profile information, liaise on this subject with the military information unit; \\n liaise with military operations for the deployment of military observers in support of DDR tasks; \\n be prepared to support security sector reform linkages and activities in future mission planning; \\n undertake such other tasks as may be reasonably requested by the Force Commander and Chief of DDR Unit in relation to DDR activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing required facilitate security location n assist coordination development ddr unit mechanism receiving recording group profile information liaise subject military information unit n liaise military operation deployment military observer support ddr task n prepared support security sector reform linkage activity future mission planning n undertake task may reasonably requested force commander chief ddr unit relation ddr activity ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Senior Military DDR Officer (Lieutenant-Colonel\/Colonel)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location.Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Senior Military DDR Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the overall DDR plan, specifically in the strategic, functional and operational areas relating to disarmament and demobilization; \\n direct and supervise all military personnel appointed to the DDR Unit; \\n ensure direct liaison and coordination between DDR operations and the military head\u00ad quarters, specifically the Joint Operations Centre; \\n ensure accurate and timely reporting of security matters, particularly those likely to affect DDR tasks; \\n provide direct liaison, advice and expertise to the Force Commander relating to DDR matters; \\n assist Chief of DDR Unit in the preparation and planning of the DDR strategy, provid\u00ad ing military advice, coordination between sub\u00adunits and civilian agencies; \\n liaise with other mission military elements, as well as national military commanders and, where appropriate, those in national DDR bodies; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of weapons collection, registration, storage and disposal\/destruction, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the use of mission forces for the potential construction or development of DDR facilities \u2014 camps, reception centres, pick\u00adup points, etc. As required, facilitate security of such locations; \\n assist in the coordination and development of DDR Unit mechanisms for receiving and recording group profile information, liaise on this subject with the military information unit; \\n liaise with military operations for the deployment of military observers in support of DDR tasks; \\n be prepared to support security sector reform linkages and activities in future mission planning; \\n undertake such other tasks as may be reasonably requested by the Force Commander and Chief of DDR Unit in relation to DDR activities. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":592, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn core value integrity professionalism respect diversity ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Should be formally staff trained and command qualified. Ideally experi\u00ad enced in other peacekeeping operations, specifically in relation to DDR activities. The selected candidate should be well acquainted with regional and subregional conflict\/political issues and ideally have knowledge of the specific mission background. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective command and supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. Must be capable of working within a multi\u00adagency integrated team. The candidate would benefit from CIMIC experience and should have an understanding of the nature, capacities and limitations of non\u00adUN agencies, NGOs, etc. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective work\u00ad ing relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":593, "Sentence":"Professionalism: Should be formally staff trained and command qualified.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing professionalism formally staff trained command qualified ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Should be formally staff trained and command qualified. Ideally experi\u00ad enced in other peacekeeping operations, specifically in relation to DDR activities. The selected candidate should be well acquainted with regional and subregional conflict\/political issues and ideally have knowledge of the specific mission background. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective command and supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. Must be capable of working within a multi\u00adagency integrated team. The candidate would benefit from CIMIC experience and should have an understanding of the nature, capacities and limitations of non\u00adUN agencies, NGOs, etc. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective work\u00ad ing relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":593, "Sentence":"Ideally experi\u00ad enced in other peacekeeping operations, specifically in relation to DDR activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing ideally experi\u00ad enced peacekeeping operation specifically relation ddr activity ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Should be formally staff trained and command qualified. Ideally experi\u00ad enced in other peacekeeping operations, specifically in relation to DDR activities. The selected candidate should be well acquainted with regional and subregional conflict\/political issues and ideally have knowledge of the specific mission background. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective command and supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. Must be capable of working within a multi\u00adagency integrated team. The candidate would benefit from CIMIC experience and should have an understanding of the nature, capacities and limitations of non\u00adUN agencies, NGOs, etc. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective work\u00ad ing relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":593, "Sentence":"The selected candidate should be well acquainted with regional and subregional conflict\/political issues and ideally have knowledge of the specific mission background.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing selected candidate well acquainted regional subregional conflict\/political issue ideally knowledge specific mission background ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Should be formally staff trained and command qualified. Ideally experi\u00ad enced in other peacekeeping operations, specifically in relation to DDR activities. The selected candidate should be well acquainted with regional and subregional conflict\/political issues and ideally have knowledge of the specific mission background. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective command and supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. Must be capable of working within a multi\u00adagency integrated team. The candidate would benefit from CIMIC experience and should have an understanding of the nature, capacities and limitations of non\u00adUN agencies, NGOs, etc. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective work\u00ad ing relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":593, "Sentence":"\\n Managing performance: Proven effective command and supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n managing performance proven effective command supervisory skill ability mentor staff provide guidance support ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Should be formally staff trained and command qualified. Ideally experi\u00ad enced in other peacekeeping operations, specifically in relation to DDR activities. The selected candidate should be well acquainted with regional and subregional conflict\/political issues and ideally have knowledge of the specific mission background. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective command and supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. Must be capable of working within a multi\u00adagency integrated team. The candidate would benefit from CIMIC experience and should have an understanding of the nature, capacities and limitations of non\u00adUN agencies, NGOs, etc. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective work\u00ad ing relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":593, "Sentence":"Must be capable of working within a multi\u00adagency integrated team.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing must capable working within multi\u00adagency integrated team ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Should be formally staff trained and command qualified. Ideally experi\u00ad enced in other peacekeeping operations, specifically in relation to DDR activities. The selected candidate should be well acquainted with regional and subregional conflict\/political issues and ideally have knowledge of the specific mission background. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective command and supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. Must be capable of working within a multi\u00adagency integrated team. The candidate would benefit from CIMIC experience and should have an understanding of the nature, capacities and limitations of non\u00adUN agencies, NGOs, etc. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective work\u00ad ing relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":593, "Sentence":"The candidate would benefit from CIMIC experience and should have an understanding of the nature, capacities and limitations of non\u00adUN agencies, NGOs, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing candidate would benefit cimic experience understanding nature capacity limitation non\u00adun agency ngo etc ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Should be formally staff trained and command qualified. Ideally experi\u00ad enced in other peacekeeping operations, specifically in relation to DDR activities. The selected candidate should be well acquainted with regional and subregional conflict\/political issues and ideally have knowledge of the specific mission background. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective command and supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. Must be capable of working within a multi\u00adagency integrated team. The candidate would benefit from CIMIC experience and should have an understanding of the nature, capacities and limitations of non\u00adUN agencies, NGOs, etc. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective work\u00ad ing relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":593, "Sentence":"\\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n planning organizing proven ability establish priority plan organize co\u00ad ordinate monitor work plan provide advice guidance others in\u00addepth understanding division \u2019 strategic direction resourcefulness sound judgement decision\u00admaking skill ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Should be formally staff trained and command qualified. Ideally experi\u00ad enced in other peacekeeping operations, specifically in relation to DDR activities. The selected candidate should be well acquainted with regional and subregional conflict\/political issues and ideally have knowledge of the specific mission background. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective command and supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. Must be capable of working within a multi\u00adagency integrated team. The candidate would benefit from CIMIC experience and should have an understanding of the nature, capacities and limitations of non\u00adUN agencies, NGOs, etc. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective work\u00ad ing relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":593, "Sentence":"\\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n judgement\/decisionmaking demonstrated sound judgement resolving issues\/problems ability proactively seek recommend sound policy initiative ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Should be formally staff trained and command qualified. Ideally experi\u00ad enced in other peacekeeping operations, specifically in relation to DDR activities. The selected candidate should be well acquainted with regional and subregional conflict\/political issues and ideally have knowledge of the specific mission background. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective command and supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. Must be capable of working within a multi\u00adagency integrated team. The candidate would benefit from CIMIC experience and should have an understanding of the nature, capacities and limitations of non\u00adUN agencies, NGOs, etc. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective work\u00ad ing relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":593, "Sentence":"\\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n creativity ability actively seek improve programmes\/services offer new different option solve problems\/meet client need ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Should be formally staff trained and command qualified. Ideally experi\u00ad enced in other peacekeeping operations, specifically in relation to DDR activities. The selected candidate should be well acquainted with regional and subregional conflict\/political issues and ideally have knowledge of the specific mission background. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective command and supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. Must be capable of working within a multi\u00adagency integrated team. The candidate would benefit from CIMIC experience and should have an understanding of the nature, capacities and limitations of non\u00adUN agencies, NGOs, etc. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective work\u00ad ing relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":593, "Sentence":"\\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n communication excellent effective communication verbal written skill includ\u00ad ing ability prepare report conduct presentation clearly formulating position issue articulating option concisely conveying maximum necessary information making defending recommendation diplomacy tact ability convey difficult issue position senior official ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Should be formally staff trained and command qualified. Ideally experi\u00ad enced in other peacekeeping operations, specifically in relation to DDR activities. The selected candidate should be well acquainted with regional and subregional conflict\/political issues and ideally have knowledge of the specific mission background. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective command and supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. Must be capable of working within a multi\u00adagency integrated team. The candidate would benefit from CIMIC experience and should have an understanding of the nature, capacities and limitations of non\u00adUN agencies, NGOs, etc. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/problems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective work\u00ad ing relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":593, "Sentence":"\\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective work\u00ad ing relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n teamwork excellent interpersonal skill ability establish maintain effective work\u00ad ing relation people multicultural multi\u00adethnic environment sensitivity respect diversity ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Education and work experience: Graduate of Military Command and Staff College. A minimum of 15 years of progressive responsibility in military command appointments, preferably to include peacekeeping and peace\u00adbuilding operations in the field of DDR of ex\u00adcombatants. Detailed knowledge of development process and post\u00adconflict related issues, particularly on the DDR process. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":594, "Sentence":"Education and work experience: Graduate of Military Command and Staff College.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing education work experience graduate military command staff college ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Education and work experience: Graduate of Military Command and Staff College. A minimum of 15 years of progressive responsibility in military command appointments, preferably to include peacekeeping and peace\u00adbuilding operations in the field of DDR of ex\u00adcombatants. Detailed knowledge of development process and post\u00adconflict related issues, particularly on the DDR process. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":594, "Sentence":"A minimum of 15 years of progressive responsibility in military command appointments, preferably to include peacekeeping and peace\u00adbuilding operations in the field of DDR of ex\u00adcombatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing minimum 15 year progressive responsibility military command appointment preferably include peacekeeping peace\u00adbuilding operation field ddr ex\u00adcombatants ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Education and work experience: Graduate of Military Command and Staff College. A minimum of 15 years of progressive responsibility in military command appointments, preferably to include peacekeeping and peace\u00adbuilding operations in the field of DDR of ex\u00adcombatants. Detailed knowledge of development process and post\u00adconflict related issues, particularly on the DDR process. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":594, "Sentence":"Detailed knowledge of development process and post\u00adconflict related issues, particularly on the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing detailed knowledge development process post\u00adconflict related issue particularly ddr process ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.3: Senior Military DDR Officer", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Education and work experience: Graduate of Military Command and Staff College. A minimum of 15 years of progressive responsibility in military command appointments, preferably to include peacekeeping and peace\u00adbuilding operations in the field of DDR of ex\u00adcombatants. Detailed knowledge of development process and post\u00adconflict related issues, particularly on the DDR process. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":594, "Sentence":"\\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n language fluency oral written english and\/or french depending working language mission knowledge second un official language may requirement specific post ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.4: DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Field Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n be in charge of the overall planning and implementation of the DDR programme in his\/her regional area of responsibility; \\n act as officer in charge of all DDR staff members in the regional office, including the administration and management of funds allocated to achieve DDR programme in the region; \\n be responsible for the day\u00adto\u00adday coordination of DDR operations with other mission components in the regional office and other UN entities; \\n identify and develop synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and inter\u00ad national) in his\/her area of responsibility; \\n provide technical advice and support to regional and local DDR commissions and offices, as appropriate; \\n be responsible for regular reporting on the situation pertaining to the armed forces and groups in his\/her area of responsibility and progress on the implementation of the DDR strategy. Prepare and contribute to the preparation of various reports and documents. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":595, "Sentence":"DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing ddr field officer p4\u2013p3organizational setting reporting relationship position located peace operation ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.4: DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Field Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n be in charge of the overall planning and implementation of the DDR programme in his\/her regional area of responsibility; \\n act as officer in charge of all DDR staff members in the regional office, including the administration and management of funds allocated to achieve DDR programme in the region; \\n be responsible for the day\u00adto\u00adday coordination of DDR operations with other mission components in the regional office and other UN entities; \\n identify and develop synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and inter\u00ad national) in his\/her area of responsibility; \\n provide technical advice and support to regional and local DDR commissions and offices, as appropriate; \\n be responsible for regular reporting on the situation pertaining to the armed forces and groups in his\/her area of responsibility and progress on the implementation of the DDR strategy. Prepare and contribute to the preparation of various reports and documents. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":595, "Sentence":"Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing depending organizational structure mission location post incumbent may report directly chief ddr unit senior official charge ddr activity field location ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.4: DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Field Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n be in charge of the overall planning and implementation of the DDR programme in his\/her regional area of responsibility; \\n act as officer in charge of all DDR staff members in the regional office, including the administration and management of funds allocated to achieve DDR programme in the region; \\n be responsible for the day\u00adto\u00adday coordination of DDR operations with other mission components in the regional office and other UN entities; \\n identify and develop synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and inter\u00ad national) in his\/her area of responsibility; \\n provide technical advice and support to regional and local DDR commissions and offices, as appropriate; \\n be responsible for regular reporting on the situation pertaining to the armed forces and groups in his\/her area of responsibility and progress on the implementation of the DDR strategy. Prepare and contribute to the preparation of various reports and documents. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":595, "Sentence":"\\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Field Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n accountability within limit delegated authority supervision chief ddr unit ddr field officer responsible following duty n function generic may vary depending mission \u2019 mandate ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.4: DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Field Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n be in charge of the overall planning and implementation of the DDR programme in his\/her regional area of responsibility; \\n act as officer in charge of all DDR staff members in the regional office, including the administration and management of funds allocated to achieve DDR programme in the region; \\n be responsible for the day\u00adto\u00adday coordination of DDR operations with other mission components in the regional office and other UN entities; \\n identify and develop synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and inter\u00ad national) in his\/her area of responsibility; \\n provide technical advice and support to regional and local DDR commissions and offices, as appropriate; \\n be responsible for regular reporting on the situation pertaining to the armed forces and groups in his\/her area of responsibility and progress on the implementation of the DDR strategy. Prepare and contribute to the preparation of various reports and documents. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":595, "Sentence":"Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.)", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing therefore incumbent may carry function listed ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.4: DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Field Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n be in charge of the overall planning and implementation of the DDR programme in his\/her regional area of responsibility; \\n act as officer in charge of all DDR staff members in the regional office, including the administration and management of funds allocated to achieve DDR programme in the region; \\n be responsible for the day\u00adto\u00adday coordination of DDR operations with other mission components in the regional office and other UN entities; \\n identify and develop synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and inter\u00ad national) in his\/her area of responsibility; \\n provide technical advice and support to regional and local DDR commissions and offices, as appropriate; \\n be responsible for regular reporting on the situation pertaining to the armed forces and groups in his\/her area of responsibility and progress on the implementation of the DDR strategy. Prepare and contribute to the preparation of various reports and documents. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":595, "Sentence":"\\n\\n be in charge of the overall planning and implementation of the DDR programme in his\/her regional area of responsibility; \\n act as officer in charge of all DDR staff members in the regional office, including the administration and management of funds allocated to achieve DDR programme in the region; \\n be responsible for the day\u00adto\u00adday coordination of DDR operations with other mission components in the regional office and other UN entities; \\n identify and develop synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and inter\u00ad national) in his\/her area of responsibility; \\n provide technical advice and support to regional and local DDR commissions and offices, as appropriate; \\n be responsible for regular reporting on the situation pertaining to the armed forces and groups in his\/her area of responsibility and progress on the implementation of the DDR strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn charge overall planning implementation ddr programme his\/her regional area responsibility n act officer charge ddr staff member regional office including administration management fund allocated achieve ddr programme region n responsible day\u00adto\u00adday coordination ddr operation mission component regional office un entity n identify develop synergy partnership actor national inter\u00ad national his\/her area responsibility n provide technical advice support regional local ddr commission office appropriate n responsible regular reporting situation pertaining armed force group his\/her area responsibility progress implementation ddr strategy ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.4: DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Field Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n be in charge of the overall planning and implementation of the DDR programme in his\/her regional area of responsibility; \\n act as officer in charge of all DDR staff members in the regional office, including the administration and management of funds allocated to achieve DDR programme in the region; \\n be responsible for the day\u00adto\u00adday coordination of DDR operations with other mission components in the regional office and other UN entities; \\n identify and develop synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and inter\u00ad national) in his\/her area of responsibility; \\n provide technical advice and support to regional and local DDR commissions and offices, as appropriate; \\n be responsible for regular reporting on the situation pertaining to the armed forces and groups in his\/her area of responsibility and progress on the implementation of the DDR strategy. Prepare and contribute to the preparation of various reports and documents. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":595, "Sentence":"Prepare and contribute to the preparation of various reports and documents.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing prepare contribute preparation various report document ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.4: DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Field Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n be in charge of the overall planning and implementation of the DDR programme in his\/her regional area of responsibility; \\n act as officer in charge of all DDR staff members in the regional office, including the administration and management of funds allocated to achieve DDR programme in the region; \\n be responsible for the day\u00adto\u00adday coordination of DDR operations with other mission components in the regional office and other UN entities; \\n identify and develop synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and inter\u00ad national) in his\/her area of responsibility; \\n provide technical advice and support to regional and local DDR commissions and offices, as appropriate; \\n be responsible for regular reporting on the situation pertaining to the armed forces and groups in his\/her area of responsibility and progress on the implementation of the DDR strategy. Prepare and contribute to the preparation of various reports and documents. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":595, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn core value integrity professionalism respect diversity ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.4: DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":596, "Sentence":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing professionalism proven expertise area assignment in\u00addepth understanding ability evaluate international political situation area experience bilateral multilateral negotiation ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.4: DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":596, "Sentence":"\\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n managing performance proven effective supervisory skill ability mentor staff provide guidance support ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.4: DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":596, "Sentence":"\\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n planning organizing proven ability establish priority plan organize co\u00ad ordinate monitor work plan provide advice guidance others in\u00addepth understanding division \u2019 strategic direction resourcefulness ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.4: DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":596, "Sentence":"\\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n judgement\/decisionmaking demonstrated sound judgement resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lem ability proactively seek recommend sound policy initiative ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.4: DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":596, "Sentence":"\\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n creativity ability actively seek improve programmes\/services offer new different option solve problems\/meet client need ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.4: DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":596, "Sentence":"\\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n communication well\u00addeveloped effective communication verbal written skill including ability prepare report conduct presentation clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions issue articulating option concisely conveying maximum necessary information making defending recommendation diplomacy tact ability convey difficult issue position senior official ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.4: DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":596, "Sentence":"\\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n teamwork proven interpersonal skill ability establish maintain effective working relation people multicultural multi\u00adethnic environment sensitivity respect diversity ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.4: DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":597, "Sentence":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing education advanced university degree social science management economics business administration international development relevant field ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.4: DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":597, "Sentence":"A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing relevant combination academic qualification experience related area may accepted lieu advanced degree ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.4: DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":597, "Sentence":"\\n Experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n experience minimum five year substantial experience working post\u00adconflict crisis economic recovery issue ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.4: DDR Field Officer (P4\u2013P3)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":597, "Sentence":"\\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n language fluency oral written english and\/or french depending working language mission knowledge second un official language may requirement specific post ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.5: DDR Field Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"DDR Field Officer (UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within the limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Regional DDR Officer, the DDR Field Officer (UNV) is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n assist the DDR Field Officer in the planning and implementation of one aspect of the DDR programme in his\/her regional area of responsibility; \\n be responsible for the day\u00adto\u00adday coordination of DDR operations with other mission components in the regional office and other UN entities on the specific area of respon\u00ad sibility; \\n identify and develop synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and inter\u00ad national) in his\/her area of responsibility; \\n provide technical advice and support to regional and local DDR commissions and offices, as appropriate; \\n be responsible for regular reporting on the situation pertaining to the armed forces and groups in his\/her area of responsibility and progress on the implementation of the DDR strategy. Prepare and contribute to the preparation of various reports and documents. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":598, "Sentence":"DDR Field Officer (UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing ddr field officer unvorganizational setting reporting relationship position located peace operation ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.5: DDR Field Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"DDR Field Officer (UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within the limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Regional DDR Officer, the DDR Field Officer (UNV) is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n assist the DDR Field Officer in the planning and implementation of one aspect of the DDR programme in his\/her regional area of responsibility; \\n be responsible for the day\u00adto\u00adday coordination of DDR operations with other mission components in the regional office and other UN entities on the specific area of respon\u00ad sibility; \\n identify and develop synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and inter\u00ad national) in his\/her area of responsibility; \\n provide technical advice and support to regional and local DDR commissions and offices, as appropriate; \\n be responsible for regular reporting on the situation pertaining to the armed forces and groups in his\/her area of responsibility and progress on the implementation of the DDR strategy. Prepare and contribute to the preparation of various reports and documents. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":598, "Sentence":"Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing depending organizational structure mission location post incumbent may report directly chief ddr unit senior official charge ddr activity field location ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.5: DDR Field Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"DDR Field Officer (UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within the limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Regional DDR Officer, the DDR Field Officer (UNV) is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n assist the DDR Field Officer in the planning and implementation of one aspect of the DDR programme in his\/her regional area of responsibility; \\n be responsible for the day\u00adto\u00adday coordination of DDR operations with other mission components in the regional office and other UN entities on the specific area of respon\u00ad sibility; \\n identify and develop synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and inter\u00ad national) in his\/her area of responsibility; \\n provide technical advice and support to regional and local DDR commissions and offices, as appropriate; \\n be responsible for regular reporting on the situation pertaining to the armed forces and groups in his\/her area of responsibility and progress on the implementation of the DDR strategy. Prepare and contribute to the preparation of various reports and documents. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":598, "Sentence":"\\n Accountabilities: Within the limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Regional DDR Officer, the DDR Field Officer (UNV) is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n accountability within limit delegated authority supervision regional ddr officer ddr field officer unv responsible following duty n function generic may vary depending mission \u2019 mandate ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.5: DDR Field Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"DDR Field Officer (UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within the limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Regional DDR Officer, the DDR Field Officer (UNV) is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n assist the DDR Field Officer in the planning and implementation of one aspect of the DDR programme in his\/her regional area of responsibility; \\n be responsible for the day\u00adto\u00adday coordination of DDR operations with other mission components in the regional office and other UN entities on the specific area of respon\u00ad sibility; \\n identify and develop synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and inter\u00ad national) in his\/her area of responsibility; \\n provide technical advice and support to regional and local DDR commissions and offices, as appropriate; \\n be responsible for regular reporting on the situation pertaining to the armed forces and groups in his\/her area of responsibility and progress on the implementation of the DDR strategy. Prepare and contribute to the preparation of various reports and documents. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":598, "Sentence":"Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.)", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing therefore incumbent may carry function listed ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.5: DDR Field Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"DDR Field Officer (UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within the limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Regional DDR Officer, the DDR Field Officer (UNV) is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n assist the DDR Field Officer in the planning and implementation of one aspect of the DDR programme in his\/her regional area of responsibility; \\n be responsible for the day\u00adto\u00adday coordination of DDR operations with other mission components in the regional office and other UN entities on the specific area of respon\u00ad sibility; \\n identify and develop synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and inter\u00ad national) in his\/her area of responsibility; \\n provide technical advice and support to regional and local DDR commissions and offices, as appropriate; \\n be responsible for regular reporting on the situation pertaining to the armed forces and groups in his\/her area of responsibility and progress on the implementation of the DDR strategy. Prepare and contribute to the preparation of various reports and documents. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":598, "Sentence":"\\n\\n assist the DDR Field Officer in the planning and implementation of one aspect of the DDR programme in his\/her regional area of responsibility; \\n be responsible for the day\u00adto\u00adday coordination of DDR operations with other mission components in the regional office and other UN entities on the specific area of respon\u00ad sibility; \\n identify and develop synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and inter\u00ad national) in his\/her area of responsibility; \\n provide technical advice and support to regional and local DDR commissions and offices, as appropriate; \\n be responsible for regular reporting on the situation pertaining to the armed forces and groups in his\/her area of responsibility and progress on the implementation of the DDR strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn assist ddr field officer planning implementation one aspect ddr programme his\/her regional area responsibility n responsible day\u00adto\u00adday coordination ddr operation mission component regional office un entity specific area respon\u00ad sibility n identify develop synergy partnership actor national inter\u00ad national his\/her area responsibility n provide technical advice support regional local ddr commission office appropriate n responsible regular reporting situation pertaining armed force group his\/her area responsibility progress implementation ddr strategy ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.5: DDR Field Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"DDR Field Officer (UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within the limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Regional DDR Officer, the DDR Field Officer (UNV) is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n assist the DDR Field Officer in the planning and implementation of one aspect of the DDR programme in his\/her regional area of responsibility; \\n be responsible for the day\u00adto\u00adday coordination of DDR operations with other mission components in the regional office and other UN entities on the specific area of respon\u00ad sibility; \\n identify and develop synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and inter\u00ad national) in his\/her area of responsibility; \\n provide technical advice and support to regional and local DDR commissions and offices, as appropriate; \\n be responsible for regular reporting on the situation pertaining to the armed forces and groups in his\/her area of responsibility and progress on the implementation of the DDR strategy. Prepare and contribute to the preparation of various reports and documents. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":598, "Sentence":"Prepare and contribute to the preparation of various reports and documents.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing prepare contribute preparation various report document ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.5: DDR Field Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"DDR Field Officer (UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within the limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Regional DDR Officer, the DDR Field Officer (UNV) is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n assist the DDR Field Officer in the planning and implementation of one aspect of the DDR programme in his\/her regional area of responsibility; \\n be responsible for the day\u00adto\u00adday coordination of DDR operations with other mission components in the regional office and other UN entities on the specific area of respon\u00ad sibility; \\n identify and develop synergies and partnerships with other actors (national and inter\u00ad national) in his\/her area of responsibility; \\n provide technical advice and support to regional and local DDR commissions and offices, as appropriate; \\n be responsible for regular reporting on the situation pertaining to the armed forces and groups in his\/her area of responsibility and progress on the implementation of the DDR strategy. Prepare and contribute to the preparation of various reports and documents. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":598, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn core value integrity professionalism respect diversity ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.5: DDR Field Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":599, "Sentence":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing professionalism proven expertise area assignment in\u00addepth understanding ability evaluate international political situation area ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.5: DDR Field Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":599, "Sentence":"\\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n planning organizing proven ability establish priority plan organize co\u00ad ordinate monitor work plan provide advice guidance others in\u00addepth understanding division \u2019 strategic direction resourcefulness ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.5: DDR Field Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":599, "Sentence":"\\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n judgement\/decisionmaking demonstrated sound judgement resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lem ability proactively seek recommend sound policy initiative ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.5: DDR Field Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":599, "Sentence":"\\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n creativity ability actively seek improve programmes\/services offer new different option solve problems\/meet client need ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.5: DDR Field Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":599, "Sentence":"\\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n communication well\u00addeveloped effective communication verbal written skill including ability prepare report conduct presentation clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions issue articulating option concisely conveying maximum necessary information making defending recommendation diplomacy tact ability convey difficult issue position senior official ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.5: DDR Field Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":599, "Sentence":"\\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n teamwork proven interpersonal skill ability establish maintain effective working relation people multicultural multi\u00adethnic environment sensitivity respect diversity ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.5: DDR Field Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of three years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":600, "Sentence":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing education advanced university degree social science management economics business administration international development relevant field ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.5: DDR Field Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of three years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":600, "Sentence":"A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing relevant combination academic qualification experience related area may accepted lieu advanced degree ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.5: DDR Field Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of three years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":600, "Sentence":"\\n Work experience: Minimum of three years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n work experience minimum three year substantial experience working post\u00adconflict crisis economic recovery issue ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.5: DDR Field Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of three years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":600, "Sentence":"\\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n language fluency oral written english and\/or french depending working language mission knowledge second un official language may requirement specific post ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.6: DDR Programme Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"DDR Programme Officer (UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit and DDR Field Coordinator, the DDR Programme Officer is respon\u00ad sible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n work with local authorities and civil society organizations to facilitate and implement all aspects of the DDR programme \\n represent the DDR Unit in mission internal regional meetings; \\n work closely with DDR partners at the regional level to facilitate collection, safe storage and accountable collection of small arms and light weapons. Ensure efficient, account\u00ad able and transparent management of all field facilities pertaining to community\u00adspecific DDR projects; \\n plan and support activities at the regional level pertaining to the community arms col\u00ad lection and development including: (1) capacity\u00adbuilding; (2) sensitization and public awareness\u00adraising on the dangers of illicit weapons circulating in the community; (3) implementation of community project; \\n monitor, evaluate and report on all field project activities; monitor and guide field staff working in the project, including the coordination of sensitization and arms col\u00ad lection activities undertaken by Field Assistants at regional level; \\n ensure proper handling of project equipment and accountability of all project resources. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":601, "Sentence":"DDR Programme Officer (UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing ddr programme officer unvorganizational setting reporting relationship position located peace operation ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.6: DDR Programme Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"DDR Programme Officer (UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit and DDR Field Coordinator, the DDR Programme Officer is respon\u00ad sible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n work with local authorities and civil society organizations to facilitate and implement all aspects of the DDR programme \\n represent the DDR Unit in mission internal regional meetings; \\n work closely with DDR partners at the regional level to facilitate collection, safe storage and accountable collection of small arms and light weapons. Ensure efficient, account\u00ad able and transparent management of all field facilities pertaining to community\u00adspecific DDR projects; \\n plan and support activities at the regional level pertaining to the community arms col\u00ad lection and development including: (1) capacity\u00adbuilding; (2) sensitization and public awareness\u00adraising on the dangers of illicit weapons circulating in the community; (3) implementation of community project; \\n monitor, evaluate and report on all field project activities; monitor and guide field staff working in the project, including the coordination of sensitization and arms col\u00ad lection activities undertaken by Field Assistants at regional level; \\n ensure proper handling of project equipment and accountability of all project resources. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":601, "Sentence":"Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing depending organizational structure mission location post incumbent may report directly chief ddr unit senior official charge ddr activity field location ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.6: DDR Programme Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"DDR Programme Officer (UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit and DDR Field Coordinator, the DDR Programme Officer is respon\u00ad sible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n work with local authorities and civil society organizations to facilitate and implement all aspects of the DDR programme \\n represent the DDR Unit in mission internal regional meetings; \\n work closely with DDR partners at the regional level to facilitate collection, safe storage and accountable collection of small arms and light weapons. Ensure efficient, account\u00ad able and transparent management of all field facilities pertaining to community\u00adspecific DDR projects; \\n plan and support activities at the regional level pertaining to the community arms col\u00ad lection and development including: (1) capacity\u00adbuilding; (2) sensitization and public awareness\u00adraising on the dangers of illicit weapons circulating in the community; (3) implementation of community project; \\n monitor, evaluate and report on all field project activities; monitor and guide field staff working in the project, including the coordination of sensitization and arms col\u00ad lection activities undertaken by Field Assistants at regional level; \\n ensure proper handling of project equipment and accountability of all project resources. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":601, "Sentence":"\\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit and DDR Field Coordinator, the DDR Programme Officer is respon\u00ad sible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n accountability within limit delegated authority supervision chief ddr unit ddr field coordinator ddr programme officer respon\u00ad sible following duty n function generic may vary depending mission \u2019 mandate ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.6: DDR Programme Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"DDR Programme Officer (UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit and DDR Field Coordinator, the DDR Programme Officer is respon\u00ad sible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n work with local authorities and civil society organizations to facilitate and implement all aspects of the DDR programme \\n represent the DDR Unit in mission internal regional meetings; \\n work closely with DDR partners at the regional level to facilitate collection, safe storage and accountable collection of small arms and light weapons. Ensure efficient, account\u00ad able and transparent management of all field facilities pertaining to community\u00adspecific DDR projects; \\n plan and support activities at the regional level pertaining to the community arms col\u00ad lection and development including: (1) capacity\u00adbuilding; (2) sensitization and public awareness\u00adraising on the dangers of illicit weapons circulating in the community; (3) implementation of community project; \\n monitor, evaluate and report on all field project activities; monitor and guide field staff working in the project, including the coordination of sensitization and arms col\u00ad lection activities undertaken by Field Assistants at regional level; \\n ensure proper handling of project equipment and accountability of all project resources. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":601, "Sentence":"Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.)", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing therefore incumbent may carry function listed ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.6: DDR Programme Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"DDR Programme Officer (UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit and DDR Field Coordinator, the DDR Programme Officer is respon\u00ad sible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n work with local authorities and civil society organizations to facilitate and implement all aspects of the DDR programme \\n represent the DDR Unit in mission internal regional meetings; \\n work closely with DDR partners at the regional level to facilitate collection, safe storage and accountable collection of small arms and light weapons. Ensure efficient, account\u00ad able and transparent management of all field facilities pertaining to community\u00adspecific DDR projects; \\n plan and support activities at the regional level pertaining to the community arms col\u00ad lection and development including: (1) capacity\u00adbuilding; (2) sensitization and public awareness\u00adraising on the dangers of illicit weapons circulating in the community; (3) implementation of community project; \\n monitor, evaluate and report on all field project activities; monitor and guide field staff working in the project, including the coordination of sensitization and arms col\u00ad lection activities undertaken by Field Assistants at regional level; \\n ensure proper handling of project equipment and accountability of all project resources. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":601, "Sentence":"\\n\\n work with local authorities and civil society organizations to facilitate and implement all aspects of the DDR programme \\n represent the DDR Unit in mission internal regional meetings; \\n work closely with DDR partners at the regional level to facilitate collection, safe storage and accountable collection of small arms and light weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn work local authority civil society organization facilitate implement aspect ddr programme n represent ddr unit mission internal regional meeting n work closely ddr partner regional level facilitate collection safe storage accountable collection small arm light weapon ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.6: DDR Programme Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"DDR Programme Officer (UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit and DDR Field Coordinator, the DDR Programme Officer is respon\u00ad sible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n work with local authorities and civil society organizations to facilitate and implement all aspects of the DDR programme \\n represent the DDR Unit in mission internal regional meetings; \\n work closely with DDR partners at the regional level to facilitate collection, safe storage and accountable collection of small arms and light weapons. Ensure efficient, account\u00ad able and transparent management of all field facilities pertaining to community\u00adspecific DDR projects; \\n plan and support activities at the regional level pertaining to the community arms col\u00ad lection and development including: (1) capacity\u00adbuilding; (2) sensitization and public awareness\u00adraising on the dangers of illicit weapons circulating in the community; (3) implementation of community project; \\n monitor, evaluate and report on all field project activities; monitor and guide field staff working in the project, including the coordination of sensitization and arms col\u00ad lection activities undertaken by Field Assistants at regional level; \\n ensure proper handling of project equipment and accountability of all project resources. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":601, "Sentence":"Ensure efficient, account\u00ad able and transparent management of all field facilities pertaining to community\u00adspecific DDR projects; \\n plan and support activities at the regional level pertaining to the community arms col\u00ad lection and development including: (1) capacity\u00adbuilding; (2) sensitization and public awareness\u00adraising on the dangers of illicit weapons circulating in the community; (3) implementation of community project; \\n monitor, evaluate and report on all field project activities; monitor and guide field staff working in the project, including the coordination of sensitization and arms col\u00ad lection activities undertaken by Field Assistants at regional level; \\n ensure proper handling of project equipment and accountability of all project resources.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing ensure efficient account\u00ad able transparent management field facility pertaining community\u00adspecific ddr project n plan support activity regional level pertaining community arm col\u00ad lection development including 1 capacity\u00adbuilding 2 sensitization public awareness\u00adraising danger illicit weapon circulating community 3 implementation community project n monitor evaluate report field project activity monitor guide field staff working project including coordination sensitization arm col\u00ad lection activity undertaken field assistant regional level n ensure proper handling project equipment accountability project resource ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.6: DDR Programme Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"DDR Programme Officer (UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit and DDR Field Coordinator, the DDR Programme Officer is respon\u00ad sible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n work with local authorities and civil society organizations to facilitate and implement all aspects of the DDR programme \\n represent the DDR Unit in mission internal regional meetings; \\n work closely with DDR partners at the regional level to facilitate collection, safe storage and accountable collection of small arms and light weapons. Ensure efficient, account\u00ad able and transparent management of all field facilities pertaining to community\u00adspecific DDR projects; \\n plan and support activities at the regional level pertaining to the community arms col\u00ad lection and development including: (1) capacity\u00adbuilding; (2) sensitization and public awareness\u00adraising on the dangers of illicit weapons circulating in the community; (3) implementation of community project; \\n monitor, evaluate and report on all field project activities; monitor and guide field staff working in the project, including the coordination of sensitization and arms col\u00ad lection activities undertaken by Field Assistants at regional level; \\n ensure proper handling of project equipment and accountability of all project resources. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":601, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn core value integrity professionalism respect diversity" }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.6: DDR Programme Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":602, "Sentence":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing professionalism proven expertise area assignment in\u00addepth understanding ability evaluate international political situation area experience bilateral multilateral negotiation ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.6: DDR Programme Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":602, "Sentence":"\\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n managing performance proven effective supervisory skill ability mentor staff pro\u00ad vide guidance support ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.6: DDR Programme Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":602, "Sentence":"\\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n planning organizing proven ability establish priority plan organize co\u00ad ordinate monitor work plan provide advice guidance others in\u00addepth understanding division \u2019 strategic direction resourcefulness ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.6: DDR Programme Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":602, "Sentence":"\\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n judgement\/decisionmaking demonstrated sound judgement resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lem ability proactively seek recommend sound policy initiative ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.6: DDR Programme Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":602, "Sentence":"\\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n creativity ability actively seek improve programmes\/services offer new different option solve problems\/meet client need ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.6: DDR Programme Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":602, "Sentence":"\\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n communication well\u00addeveloped effective communication verbal written skill including ability prepare report conduct presentation clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions issue articulating option concisely conveying maximum necessary information making defending recommendation diplomacy tact ability convey difficult issue position senior official ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.6: DDR Programme Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":602, "Sentence":"\\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n teamwork proven interpersonal skill ability establish maintain effective working relation people multicultural multi\u00adethnic environment sensitivity respect diversity ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.6: DDR Programme Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience with local development, microcredit and participatory approaches essential. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":603, "Sentence":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing education advanced university degree social science management economics business administration international development relevant field ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.6: DDR Programme Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience with local development, microcredit and participatory approaches essential. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":603, "Sentence":"A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing relevant combination academic qualification experience related area may accepted lieu advanced degree ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.6: DDR Programme Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience with local development, microcredit and participatory approaches essential. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":603, "Sentence":"\\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n work experience minimum five year substantial experience working post\u00adconflict crisis economic recovery issue ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.6: DDR Programme Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience with local development, microcredit and participatory approaches essential. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":603, "Sentence":"Experience with local development, microcredit and participatory approaches essential.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing experience local development microcredit participatory approach essential ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.6: DDR Programme Officer (UNV)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience with local development, microcredit and participatory approaches essential. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":603, "Sentence":"\\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n language fluency oral written english and\/or french depending working language mission knowledge second un official language may requirement specific post ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.7: DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV) Draft generic job profile", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\nAccountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Monitoring and Evaluation Officer is responsible for the follow\u00ad ing duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n develop monitoring and evaluation criteria for all aspects of disarmament and reinte\u00ad gration activities, as well as an overall strategy and monitoring calendar; \\n establish baselines for monitoring and evaluation purposes in the areas related to disarmament and reintegration, working in close collaboration with the disarmament and reintegration officers, to allow for effective evaluations of programme impact; \\n undertake periodic reviews of disarmament and reintegration activities to assess effec\u00ad tiveness, efficiency, achievement of results and compliance with procedures; \\n develop a field manual on standards and procedures for use by local partners and executing agencies, and organize training; \\n undertake periodic field visits to inspect the provision of reinsertion benefits and the implementation of reintegration projects, and reporting; \\n develop recommendations on ongoing and future activities, lessons learned, modifica\u00ad tions to implementation strategies and arrangements with partners. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":604, "Sentence":"DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing ddr monitoring evaluation officer p2\u2013unvorganizational setting reporting relationship position located peace operation ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.7: DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV) Draft generic job profile", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\nAccountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Monitoring and Evaluation Officer is responsible for the follow\u00ad ing duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n develop monitoring and evaluation criteria for all aspects of disarmament and reinte\u00ad gration activities, as well as an overall strategy and monitoring calendar; \\n establish baselines for monitoring and evaluation purposes in the areas related to disarmament and reintegration, working in close collaboration with the disarmament and reintegration officers, to allow for effective evaluations of programme impact; \\n undertake periodic reviews of disarmament and reintegration activities to assess effec\u00ad tiveness, efficiency, achievement of results and compliance with procedures; \\n develop a field manual on standards and procedures for use by local partners and executing agencies, and organize training; \\n undertake periodic field visits to inspect the provision of reinsertion benefits and the implementation of reintegration projects, and reporting; \\n develop recommendations on ongoing and future activities, lessons learned, modifica\u00ad tions to implementation strategies and arrangements with partners. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":604, "Sentence":"Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing depending organizational structure mission location post incumbent may report directly chief ddr unit senior official charge ddr activity field location ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.7: DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV) Draft generic job profile", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\nAccountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Monitoring and Evaluation Officer is responsible for the follow\u00ad ing duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n develop monitoring and evaluation criteria for all aspects of disarmament and reinte\u00ad gration activities, as well as an overall strategy and monitoring calendar; \\n establish baselines for monitoring and evaluation purposes in the areas related to disarmament and reintegration, working in close collaboration with the disarmament and reintegration officers, to allow for effective evaluations of programme impact; \\n undertake periodic reviews of disarmament and reintegration activities to assess effec\u00ad tiveness, efficiency, achievement of results and compliance with procedures; \\n develop a field manual on standards and procedures for use by local partners and executing agencies, and organize training; \\n undertake periodic field visits to inspect the provision of reinsertion benefits and the implementation of reintegration projects, and reporting; \\n develop recommendations on ongoing and future activities, lessons learned, modifica\u00ad tions to implementation strategies and arrangements with partners. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":604, "Sentence":"\\nAccountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Monitoring and Evaluation Officer is responsible for the follow\u00ad ing duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing naccountabilities within limit delegated authority supervision chief ddr unit monitoring evaluation officer responsible follow\u00ad ing duty n function generic may vary depending mission \u2019 mandate ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.7: DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV) Draft generic job profile", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\nAccountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Monitoring and Evaluation Officer is responsible for the follow\u00ad ing duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n develop monitoring and evaluation criteria for all aspects of disarmament and reinte\u00ad gration activities, as well as an overall strategy and monitoring calendar; \\n establish baselines for monitoring and evaluation purposes in the areas related to disarmament and reintegration, working in close collaboration with the disarmament and reintegration officers, to allow for effective evaluations of programme impact; \\n undertake periodic reviews of disarmament and reintegration activities to assess effec\u00ad tiveness, efficiency, achievement of results and compliance with procedures; \\n develop a field manual on standards and procedures for use by local partners and executing agencies, and organize training; \\n undertake periodic field visits to inspect the provision of reinsertion benefits and the implementation of reintegration projects, and reporting; \\n develop recommendations on ongoing and future activities, lessons learned, modifica\u00ad tions to implementation strategies and arrangements with partners. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":604, "Sentence":"Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.)", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing therefore incumbent may carry function listed ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.7: DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV) Draft generic job profile", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\nAccountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Monitoring and Evaluation Officer is responsible for the follow\u00ad ing duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n develop monitoring and evaluation criteria for all aspects of disarmament and reinte\u00ad gration activities, as well as an overall strategy and monitoring calendar; \\n establish baselines for monitoring and evaluation purposes in the areas related to disarmament and reintegration, working in close collaboration with the disarmament and reintegration officers, to allow for effective evaluations of programme impact; \\n undertake periodic reviews of disarmament and reintegration activities to assess effec\u00ad tiveness, efficiency, achievement of results and compliance with procedures; \\n develop a field manual on standards and procedures for use by local partners and executing agencies, and organize training; \\n undertake periodic field visits to inspect the provision of reinsertion benefits and the implementation of reintegration projects, and reporting; \\n develop recommendations on ongoing and future activities, lessons learned, modifica\u00ad tions to implementation strategies and arrangements with partners. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":604, "Sentence":"\\n\\n develop monitoring and evaluation criteria for all aspects of disarmament and reinte\u00ad gration activities, as well as an overall strategy and monitoring calendar; \\n establish baselines for monitoring and evaluation purposes in the areas related to disarmament and reintegration, working in close collaboration with the disarmament and reintegration officers, to allow for effective evaluations of programme impact; \\n undertake periodic reviews of disarmament and reintegration activities to assess effec\u00ad tiveness, efficiency, achievement of results and compliance with procedures; \\n develop a field manual on standards and procedures for use by local partners and executing agencies, and organize training; \\n undertake periodic field visits to inspect the provision of reinsertion benefits and the implementation of reintegration projects, and reporting; \\n develop recommendations on ongoing and future activities, lessons learned, modifica\u00ad tions to implementation strategies and arrangements with partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn develop monitoring evaluation criterion aspect disarmament reinte\u00ad gration activity well overall strategy monitoring calendar n establish baseline monitoring evaluation purpose area related disarmament reintegration working close collaboration disarmament reintegration officer allow effective evaluation programme impact n undertake periodic review disarmament reintegration activity ass effec\u00ad tiveness efficiency achievement result compliance procedure n develop field manual standard procedure use local partner executing agency organize training n undertake periodic field visit inspect provision reinsertion benefit implementation reintegration project reporting n develop recommendation ongoing future activity lesson learned modifica\u00ad tions implementation strategy arrangement partner ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.7: DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV) Draft generic job profile", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\nAccountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Monitoring and Evaluation Officer is responsible for the follow\u00ad ing duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n develop monitoring and evaluation criteria for all aspects of disarmament and reinte\u00ad gration activities, as well as an overall strategy and monitoring calendar; \\n establish baselines for monitoring and evaluation purposes in the areas related to disarmament and reintegration, working in close collaboration with the disarmament and reintegration officers, to allow for effective evaluations of programme impact; \\n undertake periodic reviews of disarmament and reintegration activities to assess effec\u00ad tiveness, efficiency, achievement of results and compliance with procedures; \\n develop a field manual on standards and procedures for use by local partners and executing agencies, and organize training; \\n undertake periodic field visits to inspect the provision of reinsertion benefits and the implementation of reintegration projects, and reporting; \\n develop recommendations on ongoing and future activities, lessons learned, modifica\u00ad tions to implementation strategies and arrangements with partners. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":604, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn core value integrity professionalism respect diversity ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.7: DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV) Draft generic job profile", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":605, "Sentence":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing professionalism proven expertise area assignment in\u00addepth understanding ability evaluate international political situation area experience bilateral multilateral negotiation ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.7: DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV) Draft generic job profile", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":605, "Sentence":"\\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n planning organizing proven ability establish priority plan organize co\u00ad ordinate monitor work plan provide advice guidance others in\u00addepth understanding division \u2019 strategic direction resourcefulness ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.7: DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV) Draft generic job profile", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":605, "Sentence":"\\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n judgement\/decisionmaking demonstrated sound judgement resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lem ability proactively seek recommend sound policy initiative ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.7: DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV) Draft generic job profile", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":605, "Sentence":"\\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n creativity ability actively seek improve programmes\/services offer new different option solve problems\/meet client need ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.7: DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV) Draft generic job profile", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":605, "Sentence":"\\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n communication well\u00addeveloped effective communication verbal written skill including ability prepare report conduct presentation clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions issue articulating option concisely conveying maximum necessary information making defending recommendation diplomacy tact ability convey difficult issue position senior official ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.7: DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV) Draft generic job profile", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":605, "Sentence":"\\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n teamwork proven interpersonal skill ability establish maintain effective working relation people multicultural multi\u00adethnic environment sensitivity respect diversity ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.7: DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV) Draft generic job profile", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of three years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience in results\u00adoriented programming and moni\u00ad toring and evaluation. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":606, "Sentence":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing education advanced university degree social science management economics business administration international development relevant field ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.7: DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV) Draft generic job profile", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of three years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience in results\u00adoriented programming and moni\u00ad toring and evaluation. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":606, "Sentence":"A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing relevant combination academic qualification experience related area may accepted lieu advanced degree ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.7: DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV) Draft generic job profile", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of three years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience in results\u00adoriented programming and moni\u00ad toring and evaluation. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":606, "Sentence":"\\n Work experience: Minimum of three years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n work experience minimum three year substantial experience working post\u00adconflict crisis economic recovery issue ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.7: DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV) Draft generic job profile", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of three years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience in results\u00adoriented programming and moni\u00ad toring and evaluation. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":606, "Sentence":"Experience in results\u00adoriented programming and moni\u00ad toring and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing experience results\u00adoriented programming moni\u00ad toring evaluation ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.7: DDR Monitoring and Evaluation Officer (P2\u2013UNV) Draft generic job profile", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of three years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience in results\u00adoriented programming and moni\u00ad toring and evaluation. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":606, "Sentence":"\\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n language fluency oral written english and\/or french depending working language mission knowledge second un official language may requirement specific post ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.8: DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the Chief and Deputy Chief of the DDR Unit in operational planning for the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, including developing the policies and programmes, as well as implementation targets and work plans; \\n undertake negotiations with armed forces and groups in order to create conditions for their entrance into the DDR programme; \\n undertake and organize risk and threat assessments, target group profiles, political fac\u00ad tors, security, and other factors affecting operations; \\n undertake planning of weapons collection activities, in conjunction with the military component of the peacekeeping mission; \\n undertake planning and management of the demobilization phase of the programme, which may include camp management, as well as short\u00adterm transitional support to demobilized combatants; \\n provide support for the development of joint programming frameworks on reintegration with the government and partner organizations, taking advantage of opportunities and synergies with economic recovery and community development programmes; \\n assist in the development of criteria for the selection of partners (local and interna\u00ad tional) for the implementation of reinsertion and reintegration activities; \\n liaise with other national and international actors on activities and initiatives related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of beneficiaries for reinsertion and reintegration, as well as mapping of socio\u00adeconomic opportunities in other development projects, employment possibili\u00ad ties, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the participation of local communities in the planning and implementation of reintegration assistance, using existing capacities at the local level and in close synergy with economic recovery and local development initiatives; \\n liaise closely with organizations and partners to develop assistance programmes for vulnerable groups, e.g., women and children; \\n facilitate the mobilization and organization of networks of local partners around the goals of socio\u00adeconomic reintegration and economic recovery, involving local NGOs, community\u00adbased organizations, private sector enterprises, and local authorities (com\u00ad munal and municipal); \\n supervise the undertaking of studies to determine reinsertion and reintegration benefits and implementation modalities; \\n ensure good coordination and information sharing with implementation partners and other organizations, as well as with other relevant sections of the mission; \\n ensure that DDR activities are well integrated and coordinated with the activities of other mission components (particularly communication and public information, mis\u00ad sion analysis, political, military and police components); \\n perform a liaison function with other national and international actors in matters related to DDR; \\n support development of appropriate legal frameworks on disarmament and weapons control. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":607, "Sentence":"DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing ddr officer p4\u2013p3 internationalorganizational setting reporting relationship position located peace operation ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.8: DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the Chief and Deputy Chief of the DDR Unit in operational planning for the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, including developing the policies and programmes, as well as implementation targets and work plans; \\n undertake negotiations with armed forces and groups in order to create conditions for their entrance into the DDR programme; \\n undertake and organize risk and threat assessments, target group profiles, political fac\u00ad tors, security, and other factors affecting operations; \\n undertake planning of weapons collection activities, in conjunction with the military component of the peacekeeping mission; \\n undertake planning and management of the demobilization phase of the programme, which may include camp management, as well as short\u00adterm transitional support to demobilized combatants; \\n provide support for the development of joint programming frameworks on reintegration with the government and partner organizations, taking advantage of opportunities and synergies with economic recovery and community development programmes; \\n assist in the development of criteria for the selection of partners (local and interna\u00ad tional) for the implementation of reinsertion and reintegration activities; \\n liaise with other national and international actors on activities and initiatives related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of beneficiaries for reinsertion and reintegration, as well as mapping of socio\u00adeconomic opportunities in other development projects, employment possibili\u00ad ties, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the participation of local communities in the planning and implementation of reintegration assistance, using existing capacities at the local level and in close synergy with economic recovery and local development initiatives; \\n liaise closely with organizations and partners to develop assistance programmes for vulnerable groups, e.g., women and children; \\n facilitate the mobilization and organization of networks of local partners around the goals of socio\u00adeconomic reintegration and economic recovery, involving local NGOs, community\u00adbased organizations, private sector enterprises, and local authorities (com\u00ad munal and municipal); \\n supervise the undertaking of studies to determine reinsertion and reintegration benefits and implementation modalities; \\n ensure good coordination and information sharing with implementation partners and other organizations, as well as with other relevant sections of the mission; \\n ensure that DDR activities are well integrated and coordinated with the activities of other mission components (particularly communication and public information, mis\u00ad sion analysis, political, military and police components); \\n perform a liaison function with other national and international actors in matters related to DDR; \\n support development of appropriate legal frameworks on disarmament and weapons control. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":607, "Sentence":"Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing depending organizational structure mission location post incumbent may report directly chief ddr unit senior official charge ddr activity field location ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.8: DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the Chief and Deputy Chief of the DDR Unit in operational planning for the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, including developing the policies and programmes, as well as implementation targets and work plans; \\n undertake negotiations with armed forces and groups in order to create conditions for their entrance into the DDR programme; \\n undertake and organize risk and threat assessments, target group profiles, political fac\u00ad tors, security, and other factors affecting operations; \\n undertake planning of weapons collection activities, in conjunction with the military component of the peacekeeping mission; \\n undertake planning and management of the demobilization phase of the programme, which may include camp management, as well as short\u00adterm transitional support to demobilized combatants; \\n provide support for the development of joint programming frameworks on reintegration with the government and partner organizations, taking advantage of opportunities and synergies with economic recovery and community development programmes; \\n assist in the development of criteria for the selection of partners (local and interna\u00ad tional) for the implementation of reinsertion and reintegration activities; \\n liaise with other national and international actors on activities and initiatives related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of beneficiaries for reinsertion and reintegration, as well as mapping of socio\u00adeconomic opportunities in other development projects, employment possibili\u00ad ties, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the participation of local communities in the planning and implementation of reintegration assistance, using existing capacities at the local level and in close synergy with economic recovery and local development initiatives; \\n liaise closely with organizations and partners to develop assistance programmes for vulnerable groups, e.g., women and children; \\n facilitate the mobilization and organization of networks of local partners around the goals of socio\u00adeconomic reintegration and economic recovery, involving local NGOs, community\u00adbased organizations, private sector enterprises, and local authorities (com\u00ad munal and municipal); \\n supervise the undertaking of studies to determine reinsertion and reintegration benefits and implementation modalities; \\n ensure good coordination and information sharing with implementation partners and other organizations, as well as with other relevant sections of the mission; \\n ensure that DDR activities are well integrated and coordinated with the activities of other mission components (particularly communication and public information, mis\u00ad sion analysis, political, military and police components); \\n perform a liaison function with other national and international actors in matters related to DDR; \\n support development of appropriate legal frameworks on disarmament and weapons control. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":607, "Sentence":"\\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n accountability within limit delegated authority supervision chief ddr unit ddr officer responsible following duty n function generic may vary depending mission \u2019 mandate ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.8: DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the Chief and Deputy Chief of the DDR Unit in operational planning for the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, including developing the policies and programmes, as well as implementation targets and work plans; \\n undertake negotiations with armed forces and groups in order to create conditions for their entrance into the DDR programme; \\n undertake and organize risk and threat assessments, target group profiles, political fac\u00ad tors, security, and other factors affecting operations; \\n undertake planning of weapons collection activities, in conjunction with the military component of the peacekeeping mission; \\n undertake planning and management of the demobilization phase of the programme, which may include camp management, as well as short\u00adterm transitional support to demobilized combatants; \\n provide support for the development of joint programming frameworks on reintegration with the government and partner organizations, taking advantage of opportunities and synergies with economic recovery and community development programmes; \\n assist in the development of criteria for the selection of partners (local and interna\u00ad tional) for the implementation of reinsertion and reintegration activities; \\n liaise with other national and international actors on activities and initiatives related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of beneficiaries for reinsertion and reintegration, as well as mapping of socio\u00adeconomic opportunities in other development projects, employment possibili\u00ad ties, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the participation of local communities in the planning and implementation of reintegration assistance, using existing capacities at the local level and in close synergy with economic recovery and local development initiatives; \\n liaise closely with organizations and partners to develop assistance programmes for vulnerable groups, e.g., women and children; \\n facilitate the mobilization and organization of networks of local partners around the goals of socio\u00adeconomic reintegration and economic recovery, involving local NGOs, community\u00adbased organizations, private sector enterprises, and local authorities (com\u00ad munal and municipal); \\n supervise the undertaking of studies to determine reinsertion and reintegration benefits and implementation modalities; \\n ensure good coordination and information sharing with implementation partners and other organizations, as well as with other relevant sections of the mission; \\n ensure that DDR activities are well integrated and coordinated with the activities of other mission components (particularly communication and public information, mis\u00ad sion analysis, political, military and police components); \\n perform a liaison function with other national and international actors in matters related to DDR; \\n support development of appropriate legal frameworks on disarmament and weapons control. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":607, "Sentence":"Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.)", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing therefore incumbent may carry function listed ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.8: DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the Chief and Deputy Chief of the DDR Unit in operational planning for the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, including developing the policies and programmes, as well as implementation targets and work plans; \\n undertake negotiations with armed forces and groups in order to create conditions for their entrance into the DDR programme; \\n undertake and organize risk and threat assessments, target group profiles, political fac\u00ad tors, security, and other factors affecting operations; \\n undertake planning of weapons collection activities, in conjunction with the military component of the peacekeeping mission; \\n undertake planning and management of the demobilization phase of the programme, which may include camp management, as well as short\u00adterm transitional support to demobilized combatants; \\n provide support for the development of joint programming frameworks on reintegration with the government and partner organizations, taking advantage of opportunities and synergies with economic recovery and community development programmes; \\n assist in the development of criteria for the selection of partners (local and interna\u00ad tional) for the implementation of reinsertion and reintegration activities; \\n liaise with other national and international actors on activities and initiatives related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of beneficiaries for reinsertion and reintegration, as well as mapping of socio\u00adeconomic opportunities in other development projects, employment possibili\u00ad ties, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the participation of local communities in the planning and implementation of reintegration assistance, using existing capacities at the local level and in close synergy with economic recovery and local development initiatives; \\n liaise closely with organizations and partners to develop assistance programmes for vulnerable groups, e.g., women and children; \\n facilitate the mobilization and organization of networks of local partners around the goals of socio\u00adeconomic reintegration and economic recovery, involving local NGOs, community\u00adbased organizations, private sector enterprises, and local authorities (com\u00ad munal and municipal); \\n supervise the undertaking of studies to determine reinsertion and reintegration benefits and implementation modalities; \\n ensure good coordination and information sharing with implementation partners and other organizations, as well as with other relevant sections of the mission; \\n ensure that DDR activities are well integrated and coordinated with the activities of other mission components (particularly communication and public information, mis\u00ad sion analysis, political, military and police components); \\n perform a liaison function with other national and international actors in matters related to DDR; \\n support development of appropriate legal frameworks on disarmament and weapons control. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":607, "Sentence":"\\n\\n support the Chief and Deputy Chief of the DDR Unit in operational planning for the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, including developing the policies and programmes, as well as implementation targets and work plans; \\n undertake negotiations with armed forces and groups in order to create conditions for their entrance into the DDR programme; \\n undertake and organize risk and threat assessments, target group profiles, political fac\u00ad tors, security, and other factors affecting operations; \\n undertake planning of weapons collection activities, in conjunction with the military component of the peacekeeping mission; \\n undertake planning and management of the demobilization phase of the programme, which may include camp management, as well as short\u00adterm transitional support to demobilized combatants; \\n provide support for the development of joint programming frameworks on reintegration with the government and partner organizations, taking advantage of opportunities and synergies with economic recovery and community development programmes; \\n assist in the development of criteria for the selection of partners (local and interna\u00ad tional) for the implementation of reinsertion and reintegration activities; \\n liaise with other national and international actors on activities and initiatives related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of beneficiaries for reinsertion and reintegration, as well as mapping of socio\u00adeconomic opportunities in other development projects, employment possibili\u00ad ties, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn support chief deputy chief ddr unit operational planning disarmament demobilization reintegration including developing policy programme well implementation target work plan n undertake negotiation armed force group order create condition entrance ddr programme n undertake organize risk threat assessment target group profile political fac\u00ad tor security factor affecting operation n undertake planning weapon collection activity conjunction military component peacekeeping mission n undertake planning management demobilization phase programme may include camp management well short\u00adterm transitional support demobilized combatant n provide support development joint programming framework reintegration government partner organization taking advantage opportunity synergy economic recovery community development programme n assist development criterion selection partner local interna\u00ad tional implementation reinsertion reintegration activity n liaise national international actor activity initiative related reinsertion reintegration n supervise development appropriate mechanism system registration tracking beneficiary reinsertion reintegration well mapping socio\u00adeconomic opportunity development project employment possibili\u00ad tie etc ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.8: DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the Chief and Deputy Chief of the DDR Unit in operational planning for the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, including developing the policies and programmes, as well as implementation targets and work plans; \\n undertake negotiations with armed forces and groups in order to create conditions for their entrance into the DDR programme; \\n undertake and organize risk and threat assessments, target group profiles, political fac\u00ad tors, security, and other factors affecting operations; \\n undertake planning of weapons collection activities, in conjunction with the military component of the peacekeeping mission; \\n undertake planning and management of the demobilization phase of the programme, which may include camp management, as well as short\u00adterm transitional support to demobilized combatants; \\n provide support for the development of joint programming frameworks on reintegration with the government and partner organizations, taking advantage of opportunities and synergies with economic recovery and community development programmes; \\n assist in the development of criteria for the selection of partners (local and interna\u00ad tional) for the implementation of reinsertion and reintegration activities; \\n liaise with other national and international actors on activities and initiatives related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of beneficiaries for reinsertion and reintegration, as well as mapping of socio\u00adeconomic opportunities in other development projects, employment possibili\u00ad ties, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the participation of local communities in the planning and implementation of reintegration assistance, using existing capacities at the local level and in close synergy with economic recovery and local development initiatives; \\n liaise closely with organizations and partners to develop assistance programmes for vulnerable groups, e.g., women and children; \\n facilitate the mobilization and organization of networks of local partners around the goals of socio\u00adeconomic reintegration and economic recovery, involving local NGOs, community\u00adbased organizations, private sector enterprises, and local authorities (com\u00ad munal and municipal); \\n supervise the undertaking of studies to determine reinsertion and reintegration benefits and implementation modalities; \\n ensure good coordination and information sharing with implementation partners and other organizations, as well as with other relevant sections of the mission; \\n ensure that DDR activities are well integrated and coordinated with the activities of other mission components (particularly communication and public information, mis\u00ad sion analysis, political, military and police components); \\n perform a liaison function with other national and international actors in matters related to DDR; \\n support development of appropriate legal frameworks on disarmament and weapons control. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":607, "Sentence":"; \\n coordinate and facilitate the participation of local communities in the planning and implementation of reintegration assistance, using existing capacities at the local level and in close synergy with economic recovery and local development initiatives; \\n liaise closely with organizations and partners to develop assistance programmes for vulnerable groups, e.g., women and children; \\n facilitate the mobilization and organization of networks of local partners around the goals of socio\u00adeconomic reintegration and economic recovery, involving local NGOs, community\u00adbased organizations, private sector enterprises, and local authorities (com\u00ad munal and municipal); \\n supervise the undertaking of studies to determine reinsertion and reintegration benefits and implementation modalities; \\n ensure good coordination and information sharing with implementation partners and other organizations, as well as with other relevant sections of the mission; \\n ensure that DDR activities are well integrated and coordinated with the activities of other mission components (particularly communication and public information, mis\u00ad sion analysis, political, military and police components); \\n perform a liaison function with other national and international actors in matters related to DDR; \\n support development of appropriate legal frameworks on disarmament and weapons control.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n coordinate facilitate participation local community planning implementation reintegration assistance using existing capacity local level close synergy economic recovery local development initiative n liaise closely organization partner develop assistance programme vulnerable group e.g . woman child n facilitate mobilization organization network local partner around goal socio\u00adeconomic reintegration economic recovery involving local ngo community\u00adbased organization private sector enterprise local authority com\u00ad munal municipal n supervise undertaking study determine reinsertion reintegration benefit implementation modality n ensure good coordination information sharing implementation partner organization well relevant section mission n ensure ddr activity well integrated coordinated activity mission component particularly communication public information mis\u00ad sion analysis political military police component n perform liaison function national international actor matter related ddr n support development appropriate legal framework disarmament weapon control ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.8: DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the Chief and Deputy Chief of the DDR Unit in operational planning for the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, including developing the policies and programmes, as well as implementation targets and work plans; \\n undertake negotiations with armed forces and groups in order to create conditions for their entrance into the DDR programme; \\n undertake and organize risk and threat assessments, target group profiles, political fac\u00ad tors, security, and other factors affecting operations; \\n undertake planning of weapons collection activities, in conjunction with the military component of the peacekeeping mission; \\n undertake planning and management of the demobilization phase of the programme, which may include camp management, as well as short\u00adterm transitional support to demobilized combatants; \\n provide support for the development of joint programming frameworks on reintegration with the government and partner organizations, taking advantage of opportunities and synergies with economic recovery and community development programmes; \\n assist in the development of criteria for the selection of partners (local and interna\u00ad tional) for the implementation of reinsertion and reintegration activities; \\n liaise with other national and international actors on activities and initiatives related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of beneficiaries for reinsertion and reintegration, as well as mapping of socio\u00adeconomic opportunities in other development projects, employment possibili\u00ad ties, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the participation of local communities in the planning and implementation of reintegration assistance, using existing capacities at the local level and in close synergy with economic recovery and local development initiatives; \\n liaise closely with organizations and partners to develop assistance programmes for vulnerable groups, e.g., women and children; \\n facilitate the mobilization and organization of networks of local partners around the goals of socio\u00adeconomic reintegration and economic recovery, involving local NGOs, community\u00adbased organizations, private sector enterprises, and local authorities (com\u00ad munal and municipal); \\n supervise the undertaking of studies to determine reinsertion and reintegration benefits and implementation modalities; \\n ensure good coordination and information sharing with implementation partners and other organizations, as well as with other relevant sections of the mission; \\n ensure that DDR activities are well integrated and coordinated with the activities of other mission components (particularly communication and public information, mis\u00ad sion analysis, political, military and police components); \\n perform a liaison function with other national and international actors in matters related to DDR; \\n support development of appropriate legal frameworks on disarmament and weapons control. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":607, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn core value integrity professionalism respect diversity ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.8: DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":608, "Sentence":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing professionalism proven expertise area assignment in\u00addepth understanding ability evaluate international political situation area experience bilateral multilateral negotiation ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.8: DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":608, "Sentence":"\\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n managing performance proven effective supervisory skill ability mentor staff provide guidance support ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.8: DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":608, "Sentence":"\\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n planning organizing proven ability establish priority plan organize co\u00ad ordinate monitor work plan provide advice guidance others in\u00addepth understanding division \u2019 strategic direction resourcefulness ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.8: DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":608, "Sentence":"\\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n judgement\/decisionmaking demonstrated sound judgement resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lem ability proactively seek recommend sound policy initiative ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.8: DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":608, "Sentence":"\\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n creativity ability actively seek improve programmes\/services offer new different option solve problems\/meet client need ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.8: DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":608, "Sentence":"\\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n communication well\u00addeveloped effective communication verbal written skill including ability prepare report conduct presentation clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions issue articulating option concisely conveying maximum necessary information making defending recommendation diplomacy tact ability convey difficult issue position senior official ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.8: DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and provide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":608, "Sentence":"\\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n teamwork proven interpersonal skill ability establish maintain effective working relation people multicultural multi\u00adethnic environment sensitivity respect diversity ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.8: DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience with local development, microcredit and participatory approaches essential. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":609, "Sentence":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing education advanced university degree social science management economics business administration international development relevant field ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.8: DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience with local development, microcredit and participatory approaches essential. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":609, "Sentence":"A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing relevant combination academic qualification experience related area may accepted lieu advanced degree ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.8: DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience with local development, microcredit and participatory approaches essential. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":609, "Sentence":"\\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n work experience minimum five year substantial experience working post\u00adconflict crisis economic recovery issue ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.8: DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience with local development, microcredit and participatory approaches essential. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":609, "Sentence":"Experience with local development, microcredit and participatory approaches essential.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing experience local development microcredit participatory approach essential ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.8: DDR Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience with local development, microcredit and participatory approaches essential. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":609, "Sentence":"\\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n language fluency oral written english and\/or french depending working language mission knowledge second un official language may requirement specific post ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.9: Reintegration Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Draft generic job profileOrganizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Reintegration Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. There\u00ad fore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the development of the registration, reinsertion and reintegration component of the disarmament and reintegration programme, including overall framework, imple\u00admentation strategy, and operational modalities, respecting national programme priori\u00ad ties and targets; \\n supervise field office personnel on work related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n assist in the development of criteria for the selection of partners (local and interna\u00ad tional) for the implementation of reinsertion and reintegration activities; \\n liaise with other national and international actors on activities and initiatives related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of beneficiaries for reinsertion and reintegration, as well as mapping of socio\u00adeconomic opportunities in other development projects, employment possibili\u00ad ties, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the participation of local communities in the planning and implementation of reintegration assistance, using existing capacities at the local level and in close synergy with economic recovery and local development initiatives; \\n liaise closely with organizations and partners to develop assistance programmes for vulnerable groups, e.g., women and children; \\n facilitate the mobilization and organization of networks of local partners around the goals of socio\u00adeconomic reintegration and economic recovery, involving local NGOs, community\u00adbased organizations, private sector enterprises and local authorities (com\u00ad munal and municipal); \\n supervise the undertaking of studies to determine reinsertion and reintegration benefits and implementation modalities. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":610, "Sentence":"Draft generic job profileOrganizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing draft generic job profileorganizational setting reporting relationship position located peace operation ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.9: Reintegration Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Draft generic job profileOrganizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Reintegration Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. There\u00ad fore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the development of the registration, reinsertion and reintegration component of the disarmament and reintegration programme, including overall framework, imple\u00admentation strategy, and operational modalities, respecting national programme priori\u00ad ties and targets; \\n supervise field office personnel on work related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n assist in the development of criteria for the selection of partners (local and interna\u00ad tional) for the implementation of reinsertion and reintegration activities; \\n liaise with other national and international actors on activities and initiatives related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of beneficiaries for reinsertion and reintegration, as well as mapping of socio\u00adeconomic opportunities in other development projects, employment possibili\u00ad ties, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the participation of local communities in the planning and implementation of reintegration assistance, using existing capacities at the local level and in close synergy with economic recovery and local development initiatives; \\n liaise closely with organizations and partners to develop assistance programmes for vulnerable groups, e.g., women and children; \\n facilitate the mobilization and organization of networks of local partners around the goals of socio\u00adeconomic reintegration and economic recovery, involving local NGOs, community\u00adbased organizations, private sector enterprises and local authorities (com\u00ad munal and municipal); \\n supervise the undertaking of studies to determine reinsertion and reintegration benefits and implementation modalities. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":610, "Sentence":"Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing depending organizational structure mission location post incumbent may report directly chief ddr unit senior official charge ddr activity field location ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.9: Reintegration Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Draft generic job profileOrganizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Reintegration Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. There\u00ad fore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the development of the registration, reinsertion and reintegration component of the disarmament and reintegration programme, including overall framework, imple\u00admentation strategy, and operational modalities, respecting national programme priori\u00ad ties and targets; \\n supervise field office personnel on work related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n assist in the development of criteria for the selection of partners (local and interna\u00ad tional) for the implementation of reinsertion and reintegration activities; \\n liaise with other national and international actors on activities and initiatives related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of beneficiaries for reinsertion and reintegration, as well as mapping of socio\u00adeconomic opportunities in other development projects, employment possibili\u00ad ties, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the participation of local communities in the planning and implementation of reintegration assistance, using existing capacities at the local level and in close synergy with economic recovery and local development initiatives; \\n liaise closely with organizations and partners to develop assistance programmes for vulnerable groups, e.g., women and children; \\n facilitate the mobilization and organization of networks of local partners around the goals of socio\u00adeconomic reintegration and economic recovery, involving local NGOs, community\u00adbased organizations, private sector enterprises and local authorities (com\u00ad munal and municipal); \\n supervise the undertaking of studies to determine reinsertion and reintegration benefits and implementation modalities. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":610, "Sentence":"\\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Reintegration Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n accountability within limit delegated authority supervision chief ddr unit reintegration officer responsible following duty n function generic may vary depending mission \u2019 mandate ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.9: Reintegration Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Draft generic job profileOrganizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Reintegration Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. There\u00ad fore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the development of the registration, reinsertion and reintegration component of the disarmament and reintegration programme, including overall framework, imple\u00admentation strategy, and operational modalities, respecting national programme priori\u00ad ties and targets; \\n supervise field office personnel on work related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n assist in the development of criteria for the selection of partners (local and interna\u00ad tional) for the implementation of reinsertion and reintegration activities; \\n liaise with other national and international actors on activities and initiatives related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of beneficiaries for reinsertion and reintegration, as well as mapping of socio\u00adeconomic opportunities in other development projects, employment possibili\u00ad ties, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the participation of local communities in the planning and implementation of reintegration assistance, using existing capacities at the local level and in close synergy with economic recovery and local development initiatives; \\n liaise closely with organizations and partners to develop assistance programmes for vulnerable groups, e.g., women and children; \\n facilitate the mobilization and organization of networks of local partners around the goals of socio\u00adeconomic reintegration and economic recovery, involving local NGOs, community\u00adbased organizations, private sector enterprises and local authorities (com\u00ad munal and municipal); \\n supervise the undertaking of studies to determine reinsertion and reintegration benefits and implementation modalities. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":610, "Sentence":"There\u00ad fore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.)", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing there\u00ad fore incumbent may carry function listed ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.9: Reintegration Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Draft generic job profileOrganizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Reintegration Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. There\u00ad fore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the development of the registration, reinsertion and reintegration component of the disarmament and reintegration programme, including overall framework, imple\u00admentation strategy, and operational modalities, respecting national programme priori\u00ad ties and targets; \\n supervise field office personnel on work related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n assist in the development of criteria for the selection of partners (local and interna\u00ad tional) for the implementation of reinsertion and reintegration activities; \\n liaise with other national and international actors on activities and initiatives related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of beneficiaries for reinsertion and reintegration, as well as mapping of socio\u00adeconomic opportunities in other development projects, employment possibili\u00ad ties, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the participation of local communities in the planning and implementation of reintegration assistance, using existing capacities at the local level and in close synergy with economic recovery and local development initiatives; \\n liaise closely with organizations and partners to develop assistance programmes for vulnerable groups, e.g., women and children; \\n facilitate the mobilization and organization of networks of local partners around the goals of socio\u00adeconomic reintegration and economic recovery, involving local NGOs, community\u00adbased organizations, private sector enterprises and local authorities (com\u00ad munal and municipal); \\n supervise the undertaking of studies to determine reinsertion and reintegration benefits and implementation modalities. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":610, "Sentence":"\\n\\n support the development of the registration, reinsertion and reintegration component of the disarmament and reintegration programme, including overall framework, imple\u00admentation strategy, and operational modalities, respecting national programme priori\u00ad ties and targets; \\n supervise field office personnel on work related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n assist in the development of criteria for the selection of partners (local and interna\u00ad tional) for the implementation of reinsertion and reintegration activities; \\n liaise with other national and international actors on activities and initiatives related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of beneficiaries for reinsertion and reintegration, as well as mapping of socio\u00adeconomic opportunities in other development projects, employment possibili\u00ad ties, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn support development registration reinsertion reintegration component disarmament reintegration programme including overall framework imple\u00admentation strategy operational modality respecting national programme priori\u00ad tie target n supervise field office personnel work related reinsertion reintegration n assist development criterion selection partner local interna\u00ad tional implementation reinsertion reintegration activity n liaise national international actor activity initiative related reinsertion reintegration n supervise development appropriate mechanism system registration tracking beneficiary reinsertion reintegration well mapping socio\u00adeconomic opportunity development project employment possibili\u00ad tie etc ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.9: Reintegration Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Draft generic job profileOrganizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Reintegration Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. There\u00ad fore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the development of the registration, reinsertion and reintegration component of the disarmament and reintegration programme, including overall framework, imple\u00admentation strategy, and operational modalities, respecting national programme priori\u00ad ties and targets; \\n supervise field office personnel on work related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n assist in the development of criteria for the selection of partners (local and interna\u00ad tional) for the implementation of reinsertion and reintegration activities; \\n liaise with other national and international actors on activities and initiatives related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of beneficiaries for reinsertion and reintegration, as well as mapping of socio\u00adeconomic opportunities in other development projects, employment possibili\u00ad ties, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the participation of local communities in the planning and implementation of reintegration assistance, using existing capacities at the local level and in close synergy with economic recovery and local development initiatives; \\n liaise closely with organizations and partners to develop assistance programmes for vulnerable groups, e.g., women and children; \\n facilitate the mobilization and organization of networks of local partners around the goals of socio\u00adeconomic reintegration and economic recovery, involving local NGOs, community\u00adbased organizations, private sector enterprises and local authorities (com\u00ad munal and municipal); \\n supervise the undertaking of studies to determine reinsertion and reintegration benefits and implementation modalities. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":610, "Sentence":"; \\n coordinate and facilitate the participation of local communities in the planning and implementation of reintegration assistance, using existing capacities at the local level and in close synergy with economic recovery and local development initiatives; \\n liaise closely with organizations and partners to develop assistance programmes for vulnerable groups, e.g., women and children; \\n facilitate the mobilization and organization of networks of local partners around the goals of socio\u00adeconomic reintegration and economic recovery, involving local NGOs, community\u00adbased organizations, private sector enterprises and local authorities (com\u00ad munal and municipal); \\n supervise the undertaking of studies to determine reinsertion and reintegration benefits and implementation modalities.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n coordinate facilitate participation local community planning implementation reintegration assistance using existing capacity local level close synergy economic recovery local development initiative n liaise closely organization partner develop assistance programme vulnerable group e.g . woman child n facilitate mobilization organization network local partner around goal socio\u00adeconomic reintegration economic recovery involving local ngo community\u00adbased organization private sector enterprise local authority com\u00ad munal municipal n supervise undertaking study determine reinsertion reintegration benefit implementation modality ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.9: Reintegration Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Draft generic job profileOrganizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Reintegration Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. There\u00ad fore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n support the development of the registration, reinsertion and reintegration component of the disarmament and reintegration programme, including overall framework, imple\u00admentation strategy, and operational modalities, respecting national programme priori\u00ad ties and targets; \\n supervise field office personnel on work related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n assist in the development of criteria for the selection of partners (local and interna\u00ad tional) for the implementation of reinsertion and reintegration activities; \\n liaise with other national and international actors on activities and initiatives related to reinsertion and reintegration; \\n supervise the development of appropriate mechanisms and systems for the registration and tracking of beneficiaries for reinsertion and reintegration, as well as mapping of socio\u00adeconomic opportunities in other development projects, employment possibili\u00ad ties, etc.; \\n coordinate and facilitate the participation of local communities in the planning and implementation of reintegration assistance, using existing capacities at the local level and in close synergy with economic recovery and local development initiatives; \\n liaise closely with organizations and partners to develop assistance programmes for vulnerable groups, e.g., women and children; \\n facilitate the mobilization and organization of networks of local partners around the goals of socio\u00adeconomic reintegration and economic recovery, involving local NGOs, community\u00adbased organizations, private sector enterprises and local authorities (com\u00ad munal and municipal); \\n supervise the undertaking of studies to determine reinsertion and reintegration benefits and implementation modalities. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":610, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn core value integrity professionalism respect diversity ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.9: Reintegration Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs; \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":611, "Sentence":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing professionalism proven expertise area assignment in\u00addepth understanding ability evaluate international political situation area experience bilateral multilateral negotiation ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.9: Reintegration Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs; \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":611, "Sentence":"\\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n managing performance proven effective supervisory skill ability mentor staff pro\u00ad vide guidance support ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.9: Reintegration Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs; \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":611, "Sentence":"\\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n planning organizing proven ability establish priority plan organize co\u00ad ordinate monitor work plan provide advice guidance others in\u00addepth understanding division \u2019 strategic direction resourcefulness ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.9: Reintegration Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs; \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":611, "Sentence":"\\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n judgement\/decisionmaking demonstrated sound judgement resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lem ability proactively seek recommend sound policy initiative ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.9: Reintegration Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs; \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":611, "Sentence":"\\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs; \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n creativity ability actively seek improve programmes\/services offer new different option solve problems\/meet client need n communication well\u00addeveloped effective communication verbal written skill including ability prepare report conduct presentation clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions issue articulating option concisely conveying maximum necessary information making defending recommendation diplomacy tact ability convey difficult issue position senior official ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.9: Reintegration Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs; \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":611, "Sentence":"\\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n teamwork proven interpersonal skill ability establish maintain effective working relation people multicultural multi\u00adethnic environment sensitivity respect diversity ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.9: Reintegration Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience with local development, microcredit and participatory approaches essential. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":612, "Sentence":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing education advanced university degree social science management economics business administration international development relevant field ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.9: Reintegration Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience with local development, microcredit and participatory approaches essential. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":612, "Sentence":"A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing relevant combination academic qualification experience related area may accepted lieu advanced degree ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.9: Reintegration Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience with local development, microcredit and participatory approaches essential. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":612, "Sentence":"\\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n work experience minimum five year substantial experience working post\u00adconflict crisis economic recovery issue ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.9: Reintegration Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience with local development, microcredit and participatory approaches essential. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":612, "Sentence":"Experience with local development, microcredit and participatory approaches essential.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing experience local development microcredit participatory approach essential ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.9: Reintegration Officer (P4\u2013P3, International)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. Experience with local development, microcredit and participatory approaches essential. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":612, "Sentence":"\\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n language fluency oral written english and\/or french depending working language mission knowledge second un official language may requirement specific post ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.10: DDR Field Coordination Officer (National)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"DDR Field Coordination Officer (National)Under the overall supervision of the Chief of DDR Unit and working closely with the DDR Officer, the Field Coordination Officer carries out the work, information feedback and coordination of field rehabilitation and reintegration activities. The Field Coordination Officer will improve field supervision, sensitization, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. He\/she will also assist in strengthening the working relationships of DDR staff with other peacekeeping mission substantive sections in the field. He\/she will also endeavour to strengthen, coordination and collaboration with government offices, the national commis\u00ad sion on DDR (NCDDR), international NGOs, NGOs (implementing partners) and other UN agencies working on reintegration in order to unify reintegration activities. The Field Coordination Officer will liaise closely with the DDR Officer\/Reintegration Officer and undertake the following duties: \\n assist and advise DDR Unit in areas within his\/her remit; \\n provide direction and support to field staff and activities; \\n carry out monitoring, risk assessment and reporting in relation to the environment and practices that bear on the security of staff in the field (physical security, accommo\u00ad dation, programme fiscal and procurement practices, transport and communications); \\n support the efficient implementation of all DDR coordination projects; \\n develop and sustain optimal information feedback, in both directions, between the field and Headquarters; \\n support the DDR Unit in the collection of programme performance information, pro\u00ad gress and impact assessment; \\n collect the quantitative and qualitative information on programme implementation; \\n carry out follow\u00adup monitoring visits on activities of implementing partners and regional offices; \\n liaise with ex\u00adcombatants, beneficiaries, implementing partners and referral officer for proper sensitization and reinforcement of the programme; \\n create efficient early warning alert system and rapid response mechanisms for \u2018hot spot\u2019 development; \\n ensure DDR coordination programs complement each other and are implemented efficiently; \\n support liaison with the NCDDR and other agencies in relation to the reintegration of ex\u00adcombatants, CAAFG, WAAFG and war\u00adaffected people in the field; \\n provide guidance and on\u00adthe\u00adground support to reintegration officers; \\n liaise with Military Observers, Reintegration Unit and UN Police in accordance with the terms of reference; \\n liaise and coordinate with civil affairs section in matters of mutual interest; \\n carry out any other duties as directed by the DDR Unit.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":613, "Sentence":"DDR Field Coordination Officer (National)Under the overall supervision of the Chief of DDR Unit and working closely with the DDR Officer, the Field Coordination Officer carries out the work, information feedback and coordination of field rehabilitation and reintegration activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing ddr field coordination officer nationalunder overall supervision chief ddr unit working closely ddr officer field coordination officer carry work information feedback coordination field rehabilitation reintegration activity ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.10: DDR Field Coordination Officer (National)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"DDR Field Coordination Officer (National)Under the overall supervision of the Chief of DDR Unit and working closely with the DDR Officer, the Field Coordination Officer carries out the work, information feedback and coordination of field rehabilitation and reintegration activities. The Field Coordination Officer will improve field supervision, sensitization, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. He\/she will also assist in strengthening the working relationships of DDR staff with other peacekeeping mission substantive sections in the field. He\/she will also endeavour to strengthen, coordination and collaboration with government offices, the national commis\u00ad sion on DDR (NCDDR), international NGOs, NGOs (implementing partners) and other UN agencies working on reintegration in order to unify reintegration activities. The Field Coordination Officer will liaise closely with the DDR Officer\/Reintegration Officer and undertake the following duties: \\n assist and advise DDR Unit in areas within his\/her remit; \\n provide direction and support to field staff and activities; \\n carry out monitoring, risk assessment and reporting in relation to the environment and practices that bear on the security of staff in the field (physical security, accommo\u00ad dation, programme fiscal and procurement practices, transport and communications); \\n support the efficient implementation of all DDR coordination projects; \\n develop and sustain optimal information feedback, in both directions, between the field and Headquarters; \\n support the DDR Unit in the collection of programme performance information, pro\u00ad gress and impact assessment; \\n collect the quantitative and qualitative information on programme implementation; \\n carry out follow\u00adup monitoring visits on activities of implementing partners and regional offices; \\n liaise with ex\u00adcombatants, beneficiaries, implementing partners and referral officer for proper sensitization and reinforcement of the programme; \\n create efficient early warning alert system and rapid response mechanisms for \u2018hot spot\u2019 development; \\n ensure DDR coordination programs complement each other and are implemented efficiently; \\n support liaison with the NCDDR and other agencies in relation to the reintegration of ex\u00adcombatants, CAAFG, WAAFG and war\u00adaffected people in the field; \\n provide guidance and on\u00adthe\u00adground support to reintegration officers; \\n liaise with Military Observers, Reintegration Unit and UN Police in accordance with the terms of reference; \\n liaise and coordinate with civil affairs section in matters of mutual interest; \\n carry out any other duties as directed by the DDR Unit.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":613, "Sentence":"The Field Coordination Officer will improve field supervision, sensitization, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing field coordination officer improve field supervision sensitization monitoring evaluation mechanism ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.10: DDR Field Coordination Officer (National)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"DDR Field Coordination Officer (National)Under the overall supervision of the Chief of DDR Unit and working closely with the DDR Officer, the Field Coordination Officer carries out the work, information feedback and coordination of field rehabilitation and reintegration activities. The Field Coordination Officer will improve field supervision, sensitization, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. He\/she will also assist in strengthening the working relationships of DDR staff with other peacekeeping mission substantive sections in the field. He\/she will also endeavour to strengthen, coordination and collaboration with government offices, the national commis\u00ad sion on DDR (NCDDR), international NGOs, NGOs (implementing partners) and other UN agencies working on reintegration in order to unify reintegration activities. The Field Coordination Officer will liaise closely with the DDR Officer\/Reintegration Officer and undertake the following duties: \\n assist and advise DDR Unit in areas within his\/her remit; \\n provide direction and support to field staff and activities; \\n carry out monitoring, risk assessment and reporting in relation to the environment and practices that bear on the security of staff in the field (physical security, accommo\u00ad dation, programme fiscal and procurement practices, transport and communications); \\n support the efficient implementation of all DDR coordination projects; \\n develop and sustain optimal information feedback, in both directions, between the field and Headquarters; \\n support the DDR Unit in the collection of programme performance information, pro\u00ad gress and impact assessment; \\n collect the quantitative and qualitative information on programme implementation; \\n carry out follow\u00adup monitoring visits on activities of implementing partners and regional offices; \\n liaise with ex\u00adcombatants, beneficiaries, implementing partners and referral officer for proper sensitization and reinforcement of the programme; \\n create efficient early warning alert system and rapid response mechanisms for \u2018hot spot\u2019 development; \\n ensure DDR coordination programs complement each other and are implemented efficiently; \\n support liaison with the NCDDR and other agencies in relation to the reintegration of ex\u00adcombatants, CAAFG, WAAFG and war\u00adaffected people in the field; \\n provide guidance and on\u00adthe\u00adground support to reintegration officers; \\n liaise with Military Observers, Reintegration Unit and UN Police in accordance with the terms of reference; \\n liaise and coordinate with civil affairs section in matters of mutual interest; \\n carry out any other duties as directed by the DDR Unit.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":613, "Sentence":"He\/she will also assist in strengthening the working relationships of DDR staff with other peacekeeping mission substantive sections in the field.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing he\/she also assist strengthening working relationship ddr staff peacekeeping mission substantive section field ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.10: DDR Field Coordination Officer (National)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"DDR Field Coordination Officer (National)Under the overall supervision of the Chief of DDR Unit and working closely with the DDR Officer, the Field Coordination Officer carries out the work, information feedback and coordination of field rehabilitation and reintegration activities. The Field Coordination Officer will improve field supervision, sensitization, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. He\/she will also assist in strengthening the working relationships of DDR staff with other peacekeeping mission substantive sections in the field. He\/she will also endeavour to strengthen, coordination and collaboration with government offices, the national commis\u00ad sion on DDR (NCDDR), international NGOs, NGOs (implementing partners) and other UN agencies working on reintegration in order to unify reintegration activities. The Field Coordination Officer will liaise closely with the DDR Officer\/Reintegration Officer and undertake the following duties: \\n assist and advise DDR Unit in areas within his\/her remit; \\n provide direction and support to field staff and activities; \\n carry out monitoring, risk assessment and reporting in relation to the environment and practices that bear on the security of staff in the field (physical security, accommo\u00ad dation, programme fiscal and procurement practices, transport and communications); \\n support the efficient implementation of all DDR coordination projects; \\n develop and sustain optimal information feedback, in both directions, between the field and Headquarters; \\n support the DDR Unit in the collection of programme performance information, pro\u00ad gress and impact assessment; \\n collect the quantitative and qualitative information on programme implementation; \\n carry out follow\u00adup monitoring visits on activities of implementing partners and regional offices; \\n liaise with ex\u00adcombatants, beneficiaries, implementing partners and referral officer for proper sensitization and reinforcement of the programme; \\n create efficient early warning alert system and rapid response mechanisms for \u2018hot spot\u2019 development; \\n ensure DDR coordination programs complement each other and are implemented efficiently; \\n support liaison with the NCDDR and other agencies in relation to the reintegration of ex\u00adcombatants, CAAFG, WAAFG and war\u00adaffected people in the field; \\n provide guidance and on\u00adthe\u00adground support to reintegration officers; \\n liaise with Military Observers, Reintegration Unit and UN Police in accordance with the terms of reference; \\n liaise and coordinate with civil affairs section in matters of mutual interest; \\n carry out any other duties as directed by the DDR Unit.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":613, "Sentence":"He\/she will also endeavour to strengthen, coordination and collaboration with government offices, the national commis\u00ad sion on DDR (NCDDR), international NGOs, NGOs (implementing partners) and other UN agencies working on reintegration in order to unify reintegration activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing he\/she also endeavour strengthen coordination collaboration government office national commis\u00ad sion ddr ncddr international ngo ngo implementing partner un agency working reintegration order unify reintegration activity ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.10: DDR Field Coordination Officer (National)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"DDR Field Coordination Officer (National)Under the overall supervision of the Chief of DDR Unit and working closely with the DDR Officer, the Field Coordination Officer carries out the work, information feedback and coordination of field rehabilitation and reintegration activities. The Field Coordination Officer will improve field supervision, sensitization, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. He\/she will also assist in strengthening the working relationships of DDR staff with other peacekeeping mission substantive sections in the field. He\/she will also endeavour to strengthen, coordination and collaboration with government offices, the national commis\u00ad sion on DDR (NCDDR), international NGOs, NGOs (implementing partners) and other UN agencies working on reintegration in order to unify reintegration activities. The Field Coordination Officer will liaise closely with the DDR Officer\/Reintegration Officer and undertake the following duties: \\n assist and advise DDR Unit in areas within his\/her remit; \\n provide direction and support to field staff and activities; \\n carry out monitoring, risk assessment and reporting in relation to the environment and practices that bear on the security of staff in the field (physical security, accommo\u00ad dation, programme fiscal and procurement practices, transport and communications); \\n support the efficient implementation of all DDR coordination projects; \\n develop and sustain optimal information feedback, in both directions, between the field and Headquarters; \\n support the DDR Unit in the collection of programme performance information, pro\u00ad gress and impact assessment; \\n collect the quantitative and qualitative information on programme implementation; \\n carry out follow\u00adup monitoring visits on activities of implementing partners and regional offices; \\n liaise with ex\u00adcombatants, beneficiaries, implementing partners and referral officer for proper sensitization and reinforcement of the programme; \\n create efficient early warning alert system and rapid response mechanisms for \u2018hot spot\u2019 development; \\n ensure DDR coordination programs complement each other and are implemented efficiently; \\n support liaison with the NCDDR and other agencies in relation to the reintegration of ex\u00adcombatants, CAAFG, WAAFG and war\u00adaffected people in the field; \\n provide guidance and on\u00adthe\u00adground support to reintegration officers; \\n liaise with Military Observers, Reintegration Unit and UN Police in accordance with the terms of reference; \\n liaise and coordinate with civil affairs section in matters of mutual interest; \\n carry out any other duties as directed by the DDR Unit.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":613, "Sentence":"The Field Coordination Officer will liaise closely with the DDR Officer\/Reintegration Officer and undertake the following duties: \\n assist and advise DDR Unit in areas within his\/her remit; \\n provide direction and support to field staff and activities; \\n carry out monitoring, risk assessment and reporting in relation to the environment and practices that bear on the security of staff in the field (physical security, accommo\u00ad dation, programme fiscal and procurement practices, transport and communications); \\n support the efficient implementation of all DDR coordination projects; \\n develop and sustain optimal information feedback, in both directions, between the field and Headquarters; \\n support the DDR Unit in the collection of programme performance information, pro\u00ad gress and impact assessment; \\n collect the quantitative and qualitative information on programme implementation; \\n carry out follow\u00adup monitoring visits on activities of implementing partners and regional offices; \\n liaise with ex\u00adcombatants, beneficiaries, implementing partners and referral officer for proper sensitization and reinforcement of the programme; \\n create efficient early warning alert system and rapid response mechanisms for \u2018hot spot\u2019 development; \\n ensure DDR coordination programs complement each other and are implemented efficiently; \\n support liaison with the NCDDR and other agencies in relation to the reintegration of ex\u00adcombatants, CAAFG, WAAFG and war\u00adaffected people in the field; \\n provide guidance and on\u00adthe\u00adground support to reintegration officers; \\n liaise with Military Observers, Reintegration Unit and UN Police in accordance with the terms of reference; \\n liaise and coordinate with civil affairs section in matters of mutual interest; \\n carry out any other duties as directed by the DDR Unit.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing field coordination officer liaise closely ddr officer\/reintegration officer undertake following duty n assist advise ddr unit area within his\/her remit n provide direction support field staff activity n carry monitoring risk assessment reporting relation environment practice bear security staff field physical security accommo\u00ad dation programme fiscal procurement practice transport communication n support efficient implementation ddr coordination project n develop sustain optimal information feedback direction field headquarters n support ddr unit collection programme performance information pro\u00ad gress impact assessment n collect quantitative qualitative information programme implementation n carry follow\u00adup monitoring visit activity implementing partner regional office n liaise ex\u00adcombatants beneficiary implementing partner referral officer proper sensitization reinforcement programme n create efficient early warning alert system rapid response mechanism \u2018 hot spot \u2019 development n ensure ddr coordination program complement implemented efficiently n support liaison ncddr agency relation reintegration ex\u00adcombatants caafg waafg war\u00adaffected people field n provide guidance on\u00adthe\u00adground support reintegration officer n liaise military observer reintegration unit un police accordance term reference n liaise coordinate civil affair section matter mutual interest n carry duty directed ddr unit ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Draft generic Job Profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P4\u2013P3)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer is responsible for the follow\u00ad ing duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n formulate and implement, within the DDR programme, a small arms and light weapons (SALW) reduction and control project for the country in support of the peace process; \\n coordinate SALW reduction and control activities taking place in the country and among the parties, the national government, civil society and the donor community; \\n provide substantive technical inputs and advice to the Chief of the DDR Unit and the national authorities for the development of national legal instruments for the control of SALW; \\n undertake broad consultations with relevant stakeholders through inclusive and par\u00ad ticipatory processes through community\u00adbased violence and weapons reduction pro\u00ad gramme; \\n manage the collection of data on SALW stocks during the disengagement and DDR processes; \\n develop targeted training programmes for national institutions on SALW; \\n liaise closely with the gender and HIV\/AIDS adviser in the mission or these capacities seconded to the DDR Unit by UN entities to ensure that gender issues are adequately reflected in policy, legislation, programming and resource mobilization, and develop strategies for involvement of women in small arms management and control activities; \\n\\n ensure timely and effective delivery of project inputs and outputs; \\n\\n undertake continuous monitoring of project activities; produce top\u00adlevel progress and briefing reports; \\n support efforts in resource mobilization and development of strategic partnerships with multiple donors and agencies. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":614, "Sentence":"Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P4\u2013P3)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing small arm light weapon officer p4\u2013p3organizational setting reporting relationship position located peace operation ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Draft generic Job Profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P4\u2013P3)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer is responsible for the follow\u00ad ing duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n formulate and implement, within the DDR programme, a small arms and light weapons (SALW) reduction and control project for the country in support of the peace process; \\n coordinate SALW reduction and control activities taking place in the country and among the parties, the national government, civil society and the donor community; \\n provide substantive technical inputs and advice to the Chief of the DDR Unit and the national authorities for the development of national legal instruments for the control of SALW; \\n undertake broad consultations with relevant stakeholders through inclusive and par\u00ad ticipatory processes through community\u00adbased violence and weapons reduction pro\u00ad gramme; \\n manage the collection of data on SALW stocks during the disengagement and DDR processes; \\n develop targeted training programmes for national institutions on SALW; \\n liaise closely with the gender and HIV\/AIDS adviser in the mission or these capacities seconded to the DDR Unit by UN entities to ensure that gender issues are adequately reflected in policy, legislation, programming and resource mobilization, and develop strategies for involvement of women in small arms management and control activities; \\n\\n ensure timely and effective delivery of project inputs and outputs; \\n\\n undertake continuous monitoring of project activities; produce top\u00adlevel progress and briefing reports; \\n support efforts in resource mobilization and development of strategic partnerships with multiple donors and agencies. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":614, "Sentence":"Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing depending organizational structure mission location post incumbent may report directly chief ddr unit senior official charge ddr activity field location ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Draft generic Job Profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P4\u2013P3)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer is responsible for the follow\u00ad ing duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n formulate and implement, within the DDR programme, a small arms and light weapons (SALW) reduction and control project for the country in support of the peace process; \\n coordinate SALW reduction and control activities taking place in the country and among the parties, the national government, civil society and the donor community; \\n provide substantive technical inputs and advice to the Chief of the DDR Unit and the national authorities for the development of national legal instruments for the control of SALW; \\n undertake broad consultations with relevant stakeholders through inclusive and par\u00ad ticipatory processes through community\u00adbased violence and weapons reduction pro\u00ad gramme; \\n manage the collection of data on SALW stocks during the disengagement and DDR processes; \\n develop targeted training programmes for national institutions on SALW; \\n liaise closely with the gender and HIV\/AIDS adviser in the mission or these capacities seconded to the DDR Unit by UN entities to ensure that gender issues are adequately reflected in policy, legislation, programming and resource mobilization, and develop strategies for involvement of women in small arms management and control activities; \\n\\n ensure timely and effective delivery of project inputs and outputs; \\n\\n undertake continuous monitoring of project activities; produce top\u00adlevel progress and briefing reports; \\n support efforts in resource mobilization and development of strategic partnerships with multiple donors and agencies. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":614, "Sentence":"\\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer is responsible for the follow\u00ad ing duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n accountability within limit delegated authority supervision chief ddr unit small arm light weapon officer responsible follow\u00ad ing duty n function generic may vary depending mission \u2019 mandate ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Draft generic Job Profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P4\u2013P3)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer is responsible for the follow\u00ad ing duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n formulate and implement, within the DDR programme, a small arms and light weapons (SALW) reduction and control project for the country in support of the peace process; \\n coordinate SALW reduction and control activities taking place in the country and among the parties, the national government, civil society and the donor community; \\n provide substantive technical inputs and advice to the Chief of the DDR Unit and the national authorities for the development of national legal instruments for the control of SALW; \\n undertake broad consultations with relevant stakeholders through inclusive and par\u00ad ticipatory processes through community\u00adbased violence and weapons reduction pro\u00ad gramme; \\n manage the collection of data on SALW stocks during the disengagement and DDR processes; \\n develop targeted training programmes for national institutions on SALW; \\n liaise closely with the gender and HIV\/AIDS adviser in the mission or these capacities seconded to the DDR Unit by UN entities to ensure that gender issues are adequately reflected in policy, legislation, programming and resource mobilization, and develop strategies for involvement of women in small arms management and control activities; \\n\\n ensure timely and effective delivery of project inputs and outputs; \\n\\n undertake continuous monitoring of project activities; produce top\u00adlevel progress and briefing reports; \\n support efforts in resource mobilization and development of strategic partnerships with multiple donors and agencies. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":614, "Sentence":"Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.)", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing therefore incumbent may carry function listed ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Draft generic Job Profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P4\u2013P3)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer is responsible for the follow\u00ad ing duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n formulate and implement, within the DDR programme, a small arms and light weapons (SALW) reduction and control project for the country in support of the peace process; \\n coordinate SALW reduction and control activities taking place in the country and among the parties, the national government, civil society and the donor community; \\n provide substantive technical inputs and advice to the Chief of the DDR Unit and the national authorities for the development of national legal instruments for the control of SALW; \\n undertake broad consultations with relevant stakeholders through inclusive and par\u00ad ticipatory processes through community\u00adbased violence and weapons reduction pro\u00ad gramme; \\n manage the collection of data on SALW stocks during the disengagement and DDR processes; \\n develop targeted training programmes for national institutions on SALW; \\n liaise closely with the gender and HIV\/AIDS adviser in the mission or these capacities seconded to the DDR Unit by UN entities to ensure that gender issues are adequately reflected in policy, legislation, programming and resource mobilization, and develop strategies for involvement of women in small arms management and control activities; \\n\\n ensure timely and effective delivery of project inputs and outputs; \\n\\n undertake continuous monitoring of project activities; produce top\u00adlevel progress and briefing reports; \\n support efforts in resource mobilization and development of strategic partnerships with multiple donors and agencies. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":614, "Sentence":"\\n\\n formulate and implement, within the DDR programme, a small arms and light weapons (SALW) reduction and control project for the country in support of the peace process; \\n coordinate SALW reduction and control activities taking place in the country and among the parties, the national government, civil society and the donor community; \\n provide substantive technical inputs and advice to the Chief of the DDR Unit and the national authorities for the development of national legal instruments for the control of SALW; \\n undertake broad consultations with relevant stakeholders through inclusive and par\u00ad ticipatory processes through community\u00adbased violence and weapons reduction pro\u00ad gramme; \\n manage the collection of data on SALW stocks during the disengagement and DDR processes; \\n develop targeted training programmes for national institutions on SALW; \\n liaise closely with the gender and HIV\/AIDS adviser in the mission or these capacities seconded to the DDR Unit by UN entities to ensure that gender issues are adequately reflected in policy, legislation, programming and resource mobilization, and develop strategies for involvement of women in small arms management and control activities; \\n\\n ensure timely and effective delivery of project inputs and outputs; \\n\\n undertake continuous monitoring of project activities; produce top\u00adlevel progress and briefing reports; \\n support efforts in resource mobilization and development of strategic partnerships with multiple donors and agencies.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn formulate implement within ddr programme small arm light weapon salw reduction control project country support peace process n coordinate salw reduction control activity taking place country among party national government civil society donor community n provide substantive technical input advice chief ddr unit national authority development national legal instrument control salw n undertake broad consultation relevant stakeholder inclusive par\u00ad ticipatory process community\u00adbased violence weapon reduction pro\u00ad gramme n manage collection data salw stock disengagement ddr process n develop targeted training programme national institution salw n liaise closely gender hiv\/aids adviser mission capacity seconded ddr unit un entity ensure gender issue adequately reflected policy legislation programming resource mobilization develop strategy involvement woman small arm management control activity nn ensure timely effective delivery project input output nn undertake continuous monitoring project activity produce top\u00adlevel progress briefing report n support effort resource mobilization development strategic partnership multiple donor agency ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Draft generic Job Profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P4\u2013P3)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer is responsible for the follow\u00ad ing duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n formulate and implement, within the DDR programme, a small arms and light weapons (SALW) reduction and control project for the country in support of the peace process; \\n coordinate SALW reduction and control activities taking place in the country and among the parties, the national government, civil society and the donor community; \\n provide substantive technical inputs and advice to the Chief of the DDR Unit and the national authorities for the development of national legal instruments for the control of SALW; \\n undertake broad consultations with relevant stakeholders through inclusive and par\u00ad ticipatory processes through community\u00adbased violence and weapons reduction pro\u00ad gramme; \\n manage the collection of data on SALW stocks during the disengagement and DDR processes; \\n develop targeted training programmes for national institutions on SALW; \\n liaise closely with the gender and HIV\/AIDS adviser in the mission or these capacities seconded to the DDR Unit by UN entities to ensure that gender issues are adequately reflected in policy, legislation, programming and resource mobilization, and develop strategies for involvement of women in small arms management and control activities; \\n\\n ensure timely and effective delivery of project inputs and outputs; \\n\\n undertake continuous monitoring of project activities; produce top\u00adlevel progress and briefing reports; \\n support efforts in resource mobilization and development of strategic partnerships with multiple donors and agencies. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":614, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn core value integrity professionalism respect diversity ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Vision: An in\u00addepth understanding of the unit\u2019s strategic direction and ability to transform it into a results\u00adoriented work programme. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity. \\n Negotiation skills: Effective negotiating skills and ability to work with others to reach mutually benefiting and lasting understanding.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":615, "Sentence":"Vision: An in\u00addepth understanding of the unit\u2019s strategic direction and ability to transform it into a results\u00adoriented work programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing vision in\u00addepth understanding unit \u2019 strategic direction ability transform results\u00adoriented work programme ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Vision: An in\u00addepth understanding of the unit\u2019s strategic direction and ability to transform it into a results\u00adoriented work programme. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity. \\n Negotiation skills: Effective negotiating skills and ability to work with others to reach mutually benefiting and lasting understanding.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":615, "Sentence":"\\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n professionalism proven expertise area assignment in\u00addepth understanding ability evaluate international political situation area experience bilateral multilateral negotiation ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Vision: An in\u00addepth understanding of the unit\u2019s strategic direction and ability to transform it into a results\u00adoriented work programme. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity. \\n Negotiation skills: Effective negotiating skills and ability to work with others to reach mutually benefiting and lasting understanding.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":615, "Sentence":"\\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n leadership proven ability provide effective leadership transfer advice knowl\u00ad edge staff level different national cultural background ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Vision: An in\u00addepth understanding of the unit\u2019s strategic direction and ability to transform it into a results\u00adoriented work programme. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity. \\n Negotiation skills: Effective negotiating skills and ability to work with others to reach mutually benefiting and lasting understanding.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":615, "Sentence":"\\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n managing performance proven effective supervisory skill ability mentor staff pro\u00ad vide guidance support ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Vision: An in\u00addepth understanding of the unit\u2019s strategic direction and ability to transform it into a results\u00adoriented work programme. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity. \\n Negotiation skills: Effective negotiating skills and ability to work with others to reach mutually benefiting and lasting understanding.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":615, "Sentence":"\\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n planning organizing proven ability establish priority plan organize co\u00ad ordinate monitor work plan provide advice guidance others in\u00addepth understanding division \u2019 strategic direction resourcefulness sound judgement decision\u00admaking skill ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Vision: An in\u00addepth understanding of the unit\u2019s strategic direction and ability to transform it into a results\u00adoriented work programme. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity. \\n Negotiation skills: Effective negotiating skills and ability to work with others to reach mutually benefiting and lasting understanding.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":615, "Sentence":"\\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n judgement\/decisionmaking demonstrated sound judgement resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lem ability proactively seek recommend sound policy initiative ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Vision: An in\u00addepth understanding of the unit\u2019s strategic direction and ability to transform it into a results\u00adoriented work programme. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity. \\n Negotiation skills: Effective negotiating skills and ability to work with others to reach mutually benefiting and lasting understanding.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":615, "Sentence":"\\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n creativity ability actively seek improve programmes\/services offer new different option solve problems\/meet client need ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Vision: An in\u00addepth understanding of the unit\u2019s strategic direction and ability to transform it into a results\u00adoriented work programme. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity. \\n Negotiation skills: Effective negotiating skills and ability to work with others to reach mutually benefiting and lasting understanding.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":615, "Sentence":"\\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n communication excellent effective communication verbal written skill includ\u00ad ing ability prepare report conduct presentation clearly formulating position issue articulating option concisely conveying maximum necessary information making defending recommendation diplomacy tact ability convey difficult issue position senior official ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Vision: An in\u00addepth understanding of the unit\u2019s strategic direction and ability to transform it into a results\u00adoriented work programme. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity. \\n Negotiation skills: Effective negotiating skills and ability to work with others to reach mutually benefiting and lasting understanding.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":615, "Sentence":"\\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n teamwork excellent interpersonal skill ability establish maintain effective working relation people multicultural multi\u00adethnic environment sensitivity respect diversity ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Vision: An in\u00addepth understanding of the unit\u2019s strategic direction and ability to transform it into a results\u00adoriented work programme. \\n Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Leadership: Proven ability to provide effective leadership and transfer advice and knowl\u00ad edge staff at all levels and from different national and cultural backgrounds. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness, sound judgement and decision\u00admaking skills. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Excellent and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, includ\u00ad ing ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating positions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Excellent interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity. \\n Negotiation skills: Effective negotiating skills and ability to work with others to reach mutually benefiting and lasting understanding.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":615, "Sentence":"\\n Negotiation skills: Effective negotiating skills and ability to work with others to reach mutually benefiting and lasting understanding.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n negotiation skill effective negotiating skill ability work others reach mutually benefiting lasting understanding ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, progressive national and international experience and knowledge in development work, with specific focus on disarmament, demobilization, reintegration and small arms control programmes. An understanding of the literature on DDR and security sector reform. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":616, "Sentence":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing education advanced university degree social science management economics business administration international development relevant field ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, progressive national and international experience and knowledge in development work, with specific focus on disarmament, demobilization, reintegration and small arms control programmes. An understanding of the literature on DDR and security sector reform. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":616, "Sentence":"A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing relevant combination academic qualification experience related area may accepted lieu advanced degree ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, progressive national and international experience and knowledge in development work, with specific focus on disarmament, demobilization, reintegration and small arms control programmes. An understanding of the literature on DDR and security sector reform. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":616, "Sentence":"\\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, progressive national and international experience and knowledge in development work, with specific focus on disarmament, demobilization, reintegration and small arms control programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n work experience minimum five year substantial experience working post\u00adconflict progressive national international experience knowledge development work specific focus disarmament demobilization reintegration small arm control programme ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, progressive national and international experience and knowledge in development work, with specific focus on disarmament, demobilization, reintegration and small arms control programmes. An understanding of the literature on DDR and security sector reform. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":616, "Sentence":"An understanding of the literature on DDR and security sector reform.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing understanding literature ddr security sector reform ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.11: Small Arms and Light Weapons Officer (P3\u2013P4)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on post\u00adconflict, progressive national and international experience and knowledge in development work, with specific focus on disarmament, demobilization, reintegration and small arms control programmes. An understanding of the literature on DDR and security sector reform. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":616, "Sentence":"\\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n language fluency oral written english and\/or french depending working language mission knowledge second un official language may requirement specific post ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.12: DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. This staff member is expected to be seconded from a UN specialized agency working on mainstreaming gender issues in post\u00adconflict peace\u00adbuilding, and is expected to work closely with the Gender Adviser of the peace\u00ad keeping mission. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Gender Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n ensure the full integration of gender through all DDR processes (including small arms) in the DDR programme; \\n provide close coordination and technical support to national institutions for DDR, particularly Offices of Gender, Special Groups and Reintegration; \\n provide support to decision\u00admaking and programme formulation on the DDR pro\u00ad gramme to ensure that gender issues are fully integrated and that the programme promotes equal involvement and access of women; \\n undertake ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the DDR process to ensure applica\u00ad tion of principles of gender sensitivity as stated in the peace agreement; \\n provide support to policy development in all areas of DDR to ensure integration of gender; \\n develop mechanisms to support the equal access and involvement of female combatants in the DDR process; \\n take the lead in development of advocacy strategies to gain commitment from key actors on gender issues within DDR; \\n support national parties in coordinating the profiling, documentation and dissemina\u00ad tion of data and issues relating to the presence and role of women and girls associated with the armed forces and groups, and militias; \\n review the differing needs of male and female ex\u00adcombatants during community\u00adbased reintegration, including analysis of reintegration opportunities and constraints, and advocate for these needs to be taken into account in DDR and community\u00adbased re\u00ad integration programming; \\n prepare and provide briefing notes and guidance for relevant actors, including national partners, UN agencies, international NGOs, donors and others, on gender in the con\u00ad text of DDR; \\n provide technical support and advice on gender to national partners on policy devel\u00ad opment related to DDR and human security; \\n develop tools and other practical guides for the implementation of gender within DDR and human security frameworks; \\n assist in the development of capacity\u00adbuilding activities for the national offices drawing on lessons learned on gender and DDR in the region, and facilitating regional resource networks on these issues; \\n participate in field missions and assessments related to human security and DDR to advise on gender issues. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":617, "Sentence":"DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing ddr gender officer p3\u2013p2organizational setting reporting relationship position located peace operation ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.12: DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. This staff member is expected to be seconded from a UN specialized agency working on mainstreaming gender issues in post\u00adconflict peace\u00adbuilding, and is expected to work closely with the Gender Adviser of the peace\u00ad keeping mission. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Gender Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n ensure the full integration of gender through all DDR processes (including small arms) in the DDR programme; \\n provide close coordination and technical support to national institutions for DDR, particularly Offices of Gender, Special Groups and Reintegration; \\n provide support to decision\u00admaking and programme formulation on the DDR pro\u00ad gramme to ensure that gender issues are fully integrated and that the programme promotes equal involvement and access of women; \\n undertake ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the DDR process to ensure applica\u00ad tion of principles of gender sensitivity as stated in the peace agreement; \\n provide support to policy development in all areas of DDR to ensure integration of gender; \\n develop mechanisms to support the equal access and involvement of female combatants in the DDR process; \\n take the lead in development of advocacy strategies to gain commitment from key actors on gender issues within DDR; \\n support national parties in coordinating the profiling, documentation and dissemina\u00ad tion of data and issues relating to the presence and role of women and girls associated with the armed forces and groups, and militias; \\n review the differing needs of male and female ex\u00adcombatants during community\u00adbased reintegration, including analysis of reintegration opportunities and constraints, and advocate for these needs to be taken into account in DDR and community\u00adbased re\u00ad integration programming; \\n prepare and provide briefing notes and guidance for relevant actors, including national partners, UN agencies, international NGOs, donors and others, on gender in the con\u00ad text of DDR; \\n provide technical support and advice on gender to national partners on policy devel\u00ad opment related to DDR and human security; \\n develop tools and other practical guides for the implementation of gender within DDR and human security frameworks; \\n assist in the development of capacity\u00adbuilding activities for the national offices drawing on lessons learned on gender and DDR in the region, and facilitating regional resource networks on these issues; \\n participate in field missions and assessments related to human security and DDR to advise on gender issues. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":617, "Sentence":"Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing depending organizational structure mission location post incumbent may report directly chief ddr unit senior official charge ddr activity field location ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.12: DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. This staff member is expected to be seconded from a UN specialized agency working on mainstreaming gender issues in post\u00adconflict peace\u00adbuilding, and is expected to work closely with the Gender Adviser of the peace\u00ad keeping mission. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Gender Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n ensure the full integration of gender through all DDR processes (including small arms) in the DDR programme; \\n provide close coordination and technical support to national institutions for DDR, particularly Offices of Gender, Special Groups and Reintegration; \\n provide support to decision\u00admaking and programme formulation on the DDR pro\u00ad gramme to ensure that gender issues are fully integrated and that the programme promotes equal involvement and access of women; \\n undertake ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the DDR process to ensure applica\u00ad tion of principles of gender sensitivity as stated in the peace agreement; \\n provide support to policy development in all areas of DDR to ensure integration of gender; \\n develop mechanisms to support the equal access and involvement of female combatants in the DDR process; \\n take the lead in development of advocacy strategies to gain commitment from key actors on gender issues within DDR; \\n support national parties in coordinating the profiling, documentation and dissemina\u00ad tion of data and issues relating to the presence and role of women and girls associated with the armed forces and groups, and militias; \\n review the differing needs of male and female ex\u00adcombatants during community\u00adbased reintegration, including analysis of reintegration opportunities and constraints, and advocate for these needs to be taken into account in DDR and community\u00adbased re\u00ad integration programming; \\n prepare and provide briefing notes and guidance for relevant actors, including national partners, UN agencies, international NGOs, donors and others, on gender in the con\u00ad text of DDR; \\n provide technical support and advice on gender to national partners on policy devel\u00ad opment related to DDR and human security; \\n develop tools and other practical guides for the implementation of gender within DDR and human security frameworks; \\n assist in the development of capacity\u00adbuilding activities for the national offices drawing on lessons learned on gender and DDR in the region, and facilitating regional resource networks on these issues; \\n participate in field missions and assessments related to human security and DDR to advise on gender issues. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":617, "Sentence":"This staff member is expected to be seconded from a UN specialized agency working on mainstreaming gender issues in post\u00adconflict peace\u00adbuilding, and is expected to work closely with the Gender Adviser of the peace\u00ad keeping mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing staff member expected seconded un specialized agency working mainstreaming gender issue post\u00adconflict peace\u00adbuilding expected work closely gender adviser peace\u00ad keeping mission ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.12: DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. This staff member is expected to be seconded from a UN specialized agency working on mainstreaming gender issues in post\u00adconflict peace\u00adbuilding, and is expected to work closely with the Gender Adviser of the peace\u00ad keeping mission. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Gender Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n ensure the full integration of gender through all DDR processes (including small arms) in the DDR programme; \\n provide close coordination and technical support to national institutions for DDR, particularly Offices of Gender, Special Groups and Reintegration; \\n provide support to decision\u00admaking and programme formulation on the DDR pro\u00ad gramme to ensure that gender issues are fully integrated and that the programme promotes equal involvement and access of women; \\n undertake ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the DDR process to ensure applica\u00ad tion of principles of gender sensitivity as stated in the peace agreement; \\n provide support to policy development in all areas of DDR to ensure integration of gender; \\n develop mechanisms to support the equal access and involvement of female combatants in the DDR process; \\n take the lead in development of advocacy strategies to gain commitment from key actors on gender issues within DDR; \\n support national parties in coordinating the profiling, documentation and dissemina\u00ad tion of data and issues relating to the presence and role of women and girls associated with the armed forces and groups, and militias; \\n review the differing needs of male and female ex\u00adcombatants during community\u00adbased reintegration, including analysis of reintegration opportunities and constraints, and advocate for these needs to be taken into account in DDR and community\u00adbased re\u00ad integration programming; \\n prepare and provide briefing notes and guidance for relevant actors, including national partners, UN agencies, international NGOs, donors and others, on gender in the con\u00ad text of DDR; \\n provide technical support and advice on gender to national partners on policy devel\u00ad opment related to DDR and human security; \\n develop tools and other practical guides for the implementation of gender within DDR and human security frameworks; \\n assist in the development of capacity\u00adbuilding activities for the national offices drawing on lessons learned on gender and DDR in the region, and facilitating regional resource networks on these issues; \\n participate in field missions and assessments related to human security and DDR to advise on gender issues. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":617, "Sentence":"\\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Gender Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n accountability within limit delegated authority supervision chief ddr unit ddr gender officer responsible following duty n function generic may vary depending mission \u2019 mandate ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.12: DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. This staff member is expected to be seconded from a UN specialized agency working on mainstreaming gender issues in post\u00adconflict peace\u00adbuilding, and is expected to work closely with the Gender Adviser of the peace\u00ad keeping mission. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Gender Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n ensure the full integration of gender through all DDR processes (including small arms) in the DDR programme; \\n provide close coordination and technical support to national institutions for DDR, particularly Offices of Gender, Special Groups and Reintegration; \\n provide support to decision\u00admaking and programme formulation on the DDR pro\u00ad gramme to ensure that gender issues are fully integrated and that the programme promotes equal involvement and access of women; \\n undertake ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the DDR process to ensure applica\u00ad tion of principles of gender sensitivity as stated in the peace agreement; \\n provide support to policy development in all areas of DDR to ensure integration of gender; \\n develop mechanisms to support the equal access and involvement of female combatants in the DDR process; \\n take the lead in development of advocacy strategies to gain commitment from key actors on gender issues within DDR; \\n support national parties in coordinating the profiling, documentation and dissemina\u00ad tion of data and issues relating to the presence and role of women and girls associated with the armed forces and groups, and militias; \\n review the differing needs of male and female ex\u00adcombatants during community\u00adbased reintegration, including analysis of reintegration opportunities and constraints, and advocate for these needs to be taken into account in DDR and community\u00adbased re\u00ad integration programming; \\n prepare and provide briefing notes and guidance for relevant actors, including national partners, UN agencies, international NGOs, donors and others, on gender in the con\u00ad text of DDR; \\n provide technical support and advice on gender to national partners on policy devel\u00ad opment related to DDR and human security; \\n develop tools and other practical guides for the implementation of gender within DDR and human security frameworks; \\n assist in the development of capacity\u00adbuilding activities for the national offices drawing on lessons learned on gender and DDR in the region, and facilitating regional resource networks on these issues; \\n participate in field missions and assessments related to human security and DDR to advise on gender issues. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":617, "Sentence":"Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.)", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing therefore incumbent may carry function listed ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.12: DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. This staff member is expected to be seconded from a UN specialized agency working on mainstreaming gender issues in post\u00adconflict peace\u00adbuilding, and is expected to work closely with the Gender Adviser of the peace\u00ad keeping mission. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Gender Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n ensure the full integration of gender through all DDR processes (including small arms) in the DDR programme; \\n provide close coordination and technical support to national institutions for DDR, particularly Offices of Gender, Special Groups and Reintegration; \\n provide support to decision\u00admaking and programme formulation on the DDR pro\u00ad gramme to ensure that gender issues are fully integrated and that the programme promotes equal involvement and access of women; \\n undertake ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the DDR process to ensure applica\u00ad tion of principles of gender sensitivity as stated in the peace agreement; \\n provide support to policy development in all areas of DDR to ensure integration of gender; \\n develop mechanisms to support the equal access and involvement of female combatants in the DDR process; \\n take the lead in development of advocacy strategies to gain commitment from key actors on gender issues within DDR; \\n support national parties in coordinating the profiling, documentation and dissemina\u00ad tion of data and issues relating to the presence and role of women and girls associated with the armed forces and groups, and militias; \\n review the differing needs of male and female ex\u00adcombatants during community\u00adbased reintegration, including analysis of reintegration opportunities and constraints, and advocate for these needs to be taken into account in DDR and community\u00adbased re\u00ad integration programming; \\n prepare and provide briefing notes and guidance for relevant actors, including national partners, UN agencies, international NGOs, donors and others, on gender in the con\u00ad text of DDR; \\n provide technical support and advice on gender to national partners on policy devel\u00ad opment related to DDR and human security; \\n develop tools and other practical guides for the implementation of gender within DDR and human security frameworks; \\n assist in the development of capacity\u00adbuilding activities for the national offices drawing on lessons learned on gender and DDR in the region, and facilitating regional resource networks on these issues; \\n participate in field missions and assessments related to human security and DDR to advise on gender issues. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":617, "Sentence":"\\n\\n ensure the full integration of gender through all DDR processes (including small arms) in the DDR programme; \\n provide close coordination and technical support to national institutions for DDR, particularly Offices of Gender, Special Groups and Reintegration; \\n provide support to decision\u00admaking and programme formulation on the DDR pro\u00ad gramme to ensure that gender issues are fully integrated and that the programme promotes equal involvement and access of women; \\n undertake ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the DDR process to ensure applica\u00ad tion of principles of gender sensitivity as stated in the peace agreement; \\n provide support to policy development in all areas of DDR to ensure integration of gender; \\n develop mechanisms to support the equal access and involvement of female combatants in the DDR process; \\n take the lead in development of advocacy strategies to gain commitment from key actors on gender issues within DDR; \\n support national parties in coordinating the profiling, documentation and dissemina\u00ad tion of data and issues relating to the presence and role of women and girls associated with the armed forces and groups, and militias; \\n review the differing needs of male and female ex\u00adcombatants during community\u00adbased reintegration, including analysis of reintegration opportunities and constraints, and advocate for these needs to be taken into account in DDR and community\u00adbased re\u00ad integration programming; \\n prepare and provide briefing notes and guidance for relevant actors, including national partners, UN agencies, international NGOs, donors and others, on gender in the con\u00ad text of DDR; \\n provide technical support and advice on gender to national partners on policy devel\u00ad opment related to DDR and human security; \\n develop tools and other practical guides for the implementation of gender within DDR and human security frameworks; \\n assist in the development of capacity\u00adbuilding activities for the national offices drawing on lessons learned on gender and DDR in the region, and facilitating regional resource networks on these issues; \\n participate in field missions and assessments related to human security and DDR to advise on gender issues.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn ensure full integration gender ddr process including small arm ddr programme n provide close coordination technical support national institution ddr particularly office gender special group reintegration n provide support decision\u00admaking programme formulation ddr pro\u00ad gramme ensure gender issue fully integrated programme promotes equal involvement access woman n undertake ongoing monitoring evaluation ddr process ensure applica\u00ad tion principle gender sensitivity stated peace agreement n provide support policy development area ddr ensure integration gender n develop mechanism support equal access involvement female combatant ddr process n take lead development advocacy strategy gain commitment key actor gender issue within ddr n support national party coordinating profiling documentation dissemina\u00ad tion data issue relating presence role woman girl associated armed force group militia n review differing need male female ex\u00adcombatants community\u00adbased reintegration including analysis reintegration opportunity constraint advocate need taken account ddr community\u00adbased re\u00ad integration programming n prepare provide briefing note guidance relevant actor including national partner un agency international ngo donor others gender con\u00ad text ddr n provide technical support advice gender national partner policy devel\u00ad opment related ddr human security n develop tool practical guide implementation gender within ddr human security framework n assist development capacity\u00adbuilding activity national office drawing lesson learned gender ddr region facilitating regional resource network issue n participate field mission assessment related human security ddr advise gender issue ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.12: DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. This staff member is expected to be seconded from a UN specialized agency working on mainstreaming gender issues in post\u00adconflict peace\u00adbuilding, and is expected to work closely with the Gender Adviser of the peace\u00ad keeping mission. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR Gender Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n ensure the full integration of gender through all DDR processes (including small arms) in the DDR programme; \\n provide close coordination and technical support to national institutions for DDR, particularly Offices of Gender, Special Groups and Reintegration; \\n provide support to decision\u00admaking and programme formulation on the DDR pro\u00ad gramme to ensure that gender issues are fully integrated and that the programme promotes equal involvement and access of women; \\n undertake ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the DDR process to ensure applica\u00ad tion of principles of gender sensitivity as stated in the peace agreement; \\n provide support to policy development in all areas of DDR to ensure integration of gender; \\n develop mechanisms to support the equal access and involvement of female combatants in the DDR process; \\n take the lead in development of advocacy strategies to gain commitment from key actors on gender issues within DDR; \\n support national parties in coordinating the profiling, documentation and dissemina\u00ad tion of data and issues relating to the presence and role of women and girls associated with the armed forces and groups, and militias; \\n review the differing needs of male and female ex\u00adcombatants during community\u00adbased reintegration, including analysis of reintegration opportunities and constraints, and advocate for these needs to be taken into account in DDR and community\u00adbased re\u00ad integration programming; \\n prepare and provide briefing notes and guidance for relevant actors, including national partners, UN agencies, international NGOs, donors and others, on gender in the con\u00ad text of DDR; \\n provide technical support and advice on gender to national partners on policy devel\u00ad opment related to DDR and human security; \\n develop tools and other practical guides for the implementation of gender within DDR and human security frameworks; \\n assist in the development of capacity\u00adbuilding activities for the national offices drawing on lessons learned on gender and DDR in the region, and facilitating regional resource networks on these issues; \\n participate in field missions and assessments related to human security and DDR to advise on gender issues. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":617, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn core value integrity professionalism respect diversity ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.12: DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":618, "Sentence":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing professionalism proven expertise area assignment in\u00addepth understanding ability evaluate international political situation area experience bilateral multilateral negotiation ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.12: DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":618, "Sentence":"\\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n managing performance proven effective supervisory skill ability mentor staff pro\u00ad vide guidance support ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.12: DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":618, "Sentence":"\\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n planning organizing proven ability establish priority plan organize co\u00ad ordinate monitor work plan provide advice guidance others in\u00addepth understanding division \u2019 strategic direction resourcefulness ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.12: DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":618, "Sentence":"\\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n judgement\/decisionmaking demonstrated sound judgement resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lem ability proactively seek recommend sound policy initiative ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.12: DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":618, "Sentence":"\\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n creativity ability actively seek improve programmes\/services offer new different option solve problems\/meet client need ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.12: DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":618, "Sentence":"\\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n communication well\u00addeveloped effective communication verbal written skill including ability prepare report conduct presentation clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions issue articulating option concisely conveying maximum necessary information making defending recommendation diplomacy tact ability convey difficult issue position senior official ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.12: DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00ad tions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":618, "Sentence":"\\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n teamwork proven interpersonal skill ability establish maintain effective working relation people multicultural multi\u00adethnic environment sensitivity respect diversity ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.12: DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on gender issues in post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":619, "Sentence":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing education advanced university degree social science management economics business administration international development relevant field ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.12: DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on gender issues in post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":619, "Sentence":"A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing relevant combination academic qualification experience related area may accepted lieu advanced degree ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.12: DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on gender issues in post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":619, "Sentence":"\\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on gender issues in post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n work experience minimum five year substantial experience working gender issue post\u00adconflict crisis economic recovery issue ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.12: DDR Gender Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on gender issues in post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":619, "Sentence":"\\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n language fluency oral written english and\/or french depending working language mission knowledge second un official language may requirement specific post ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.13: DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. This staff member is expected to be seconded from a UN specialized agency working on mainstreaming activities to deal with the HIV\/ AIDS issue in post\u00adconflict peace\u00adbuilding and is expected to work closely with the HIV\/ AIDS adviser of the peacekeeping mission. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n ensure the full integration of activities to address the HIV\/AIDS issue through all phases of the DDR programme; \\n provide close coordination and technical support to national institutions for DDR, par\u00ad ticularly offices of HIV\/AIDS reintegration; \\n support national parties in coordinating the profiling, documentation and dissemina\u00ad tion of data and issues relating to the presence and role of women and girls associated with the armed forces and groups; \\n document and disseminate data and issues relating to HIV\/AIDS as well as the factors fuelling the epidemic in the armed forces and groups; \\n prepare and provide briefing notes and guidance for relevant actors including national partners, UN agencies, international NGOs, donors and others on gender and HIV\/ AIDS in the context of DDR; \\n provide technical support and advice on HIV\/AIDS to national partners on policy development related to DDR and human security; \\n develop tools and other practical guides for the implementation of HIV\/AIDS strategies within DDR and human security frameworks; \\n generate effective results\u00adoriented partnerships among different partners, civil society and community\u00adbased actors to implement a consolidated response to HIV\/AIDS within the framework of the DDR programme. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":620, "Sentence":"DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing ddr hiv\/aids officer p3\u2013p2organizational setting reporting relationship position located peace operation ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.13: DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. This staff member is expected to be seconded from a UN specialized agency working on mainstreaming activities to deal with the HIV\/ AIDS issue in post\u00adconflict peace\u00adbuilding and is expected to work closely with the HIV\/ AIDS adviser of the peacekeeping mission. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n ensure the full integration of activities to address the HIV\/AIDS issue through all phases of the DDR programme; \\n provide close coordination and technical support to national institutions for DDR, par\u00ad ticularly offices of HIV\/AIDS reintegration; \\n support national parties in coordinating the profiling, documentation and dissemina\u00ad tion of data and issues relating to the presence and role of women and girls associated with the armed forces and groups; \\n document and disseminate data and issues relating to HIV\/AIDS as well as the factors fuelling the epidemic in the armed forces and groups; \\n prepare and provide briefing notes and guidance for relevant actors including national partners, UN agencies, international NGOs, donors and others on gender and HIV\/ AIDS in the context of DDR; \\n provide technical support and advice on HIV\/AIDS to national partners on policy development related to DDR and human security; \\n develop tools and other practical guides for the implementation of HIV\/AIDS strategies within DDR and human security frameworks; \\n generate effective results\u00adoriented partnerships among different partners, civil society and community\u00adbased actors to implement a consolidated response to HIV\/AIDS within the framework of the DDR programme. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":620, "Sentence":"Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing depending organizational structure mission location post incumbent may report directly chief ddr unit senior official charge ddr activity field location ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.13: DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. This staff member is expected to be seconded from a UN specialized agency working on mainstreaming activities to deal with the HIV\/ AIDS issue in post\u00adconflict peace\u00adbuilding and is expected to work closely with the HIV\/ AIDS adviser of the peacekeeping mission. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n ensure the full integration of activities to address the HIV\/AIDS issue through all phases of the DDR programme; \\n provide close coordination and technical support to national institutions for DDR, par\u00ad ticularly offices of HIV\/AIDS reintegration; \\n support national parties in coordinating the profiling, documentation and dissemina\u00ad tion of data and issues relating to the presence and role of women and girls associated with the armed forces and groups; \\n document and disseminate data and issues relating to HIV\/AIDS as well as the factors fuelling the epidemic in the armed forces and groups; \\n prepare and provide briefing notes and guidance for relevant actors including national partners, UN agencies, international NGOs, donors and others on gender and HIV\/ AIDS in the context of DDR; \\n provide technical support and advice on HIV\/AIDS to national partners on policy development related to DDR and human security; \\n develop tools and other practical guides for the implementation of HIV\/AIDS strategies within DDR and human security frameworks; \\n generate effective results\u00adoriented partnerships among different partners, civil society and community\u00adbased actors to implement a consolidated response to HIV\/AIDS within the framework of the DDR programme. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":620, "Sentence":"This staff member is expected to be seconded from a UN specialized agency working on mainstreaming activities to deal with the HIV\/ AIDS issue in post\u00adconflict peace\u00adbuilding and is expected to work closely with the HIV\/ AIDS adviser of the peacekeeping mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing staff member expected seconded un specialized agency working mainstreaming activity deal hiv\/ aid issue post\u00adconflict peace\u00adbuilding expected work closely hiv\/ aid adviser peacekeeping mission ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.13: DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. This staff member is expected to be seconded from a UN specialized agency working on mainstreaming activities to deal with the HIV\/ AIDS issue in post\u00adconflict peace\u00adbuilding and is expected to work closely with the HIV\/ AIDS adviser of the peacekeeping mission. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n ensure the full integration of activities to address the HIV\/AIDS issue through all phases of the DDR programme; \\n provide close coordination and technical support to national institutions for DDR, par\u00ad ticularly offices of HIV\/AIDS reintegration; \\n support national parties in coordinating the profiling, documentation and dissemina\u00ad tion of data and issues relating to the presence and role of women and girls associated with the armed forces and groups; \\n document and disseminate data and issues relating to HIV\/AIDS as well as the factors fuelling the epidemic in the armed forces and groups; \\n prepare and provide briefing notes and guidance for relevant actors including national partners, UN agencies, international NGOs, donors and others on gender and HIV\/ AIDS in the context of DDR; \\n provide technical support and advice on HIV\/AIDS to national partners on policy development related to DDR and human security; \\n develop tools and other practical guides for the implementation of HIV\/AIDS strategies within DDR and human security frameworks; \\n generate effective results\u00adoriented partnerships among different partners, civil society and community\u00adbased actors to implement a consolidated response to HIV\/AIDS within the framework of the DDR programme. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":620, "Sentence":"\\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n accountability within limit delegated authority supervision chief ddr unit ddr hiv\/aids officer responsible following duty n function generic may vary depending mission \u2019 mandate ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.13: DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. This staff member is expected to be seconded from a UN specialized agency working on mainstreaming activities to deal with the HIV\/ AIDS issue in post\u00adconflict peace\u00adbuilding and is expected to work closely with the HIV\/ AIDS adviser of the peacekeeping mission. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n ensure the full integration of activities to address the HIV\/AIDS issue through all phases of the DDR programme; \\n provide close coordination and technical support to national institutions for DDR, par\u00ad ticularly offices of HIV\/AIDS reintegration; \\n support national parties in coordinating the profiling, documentation and dissemina\u00ad tion of data and issues relating to the presence and role of women and girls associated with the armed forces and groups; \\n document and disseminate data and issues relating to HIV\/AIDS as well as the factors fuelling the epidemic in the armed forces and groups; \\n prepare and provide briefing notes and guidance for relevant actors including national partners, UN agencies, international NGOs, donors and others on gender and HIV\/ AIDS in the context of DDR; \\n provide technical support and advice on HIV\/AIDS to national partners on policy development related to DDR and human security; \\n develop tools and other practical guides for the implementation of HIV\/AIDS strategies within DDR and human security frameworks; \\n generate effective results\u00adoriented partnerships among different partners, civil society and community\u00adbased actors to implement a consolidated response to HIV\/AIDS within the framework of the DDR programme. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":620, "Sentence":"Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.)", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing therefore incumbent may carry function listed ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.13: DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. This staff member is expected to be seconded from a UN specialized agency working on mainstreaming activities to deal with the HIV\/ AIDS issue in post\u00adconflict peace\u00adbuilding and is expected to work closely with the HIV\/ AIDS adviser of the peacekeeping mission. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n ensure the full integration of activities to address the HIV\/AIDS issue through all phases of the DDR programme; \\n provide close coordination and technical support to national institutions for DDR, par\u00ad ticularly offices of HIV\/AIDS reintegration; \\n support national parties in coordinating the profiling, documentation and dissemina\u00ad tion of data and issues relating to the presence and role of women and girls associated with the armed forces and groups; \\n document and disseminate data and issues relating to HIV\/AIDS as well as the factors fuelling the epidemic in the armed forces and groups; \\n prepare and provide briefing notes and guidance for relevant actors including national partners, UN agencies, international NGOs, donors and others on gender and HIV\/ AIDS in the context of DDR; \\n provide technical support and advice on HIV\/AIDS to national partners on policy development related to DDR and human security; \\n develop tools and other practical guides for the implementation of HIV\/AIDS strategies within DDR and human security frameworks; \\n generate effective results\u00adoriented partnerships among different partners, civil society and community\u00adbased actors to implement a consolidated response to HIV\/AIDS within the framework of the DDR programme. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":620, "Sentence":"\\n\\n ensure the full integration of activities to address the HIV\/AIDS issue through all phases of the DDR programme; \\n provide close coordination and technical support to national institutions for DDR, par\u00ad ticularly offices of HIV\/AIDS reintegration; \\n support national parties in coordinating the profiling, documentation and dissemina\u00ad tion of data and issues relating to the presence and role of women and girls associated with the armed forces and groups; \\n document and disseminate data and issues relating to HIV\/AIDS as well as the factors fuelling the epidemic in the armed forces and groups; \\n prepare and provide briefing notes and guidance for relevant actors including national partners, UN agencies, international NGOs, donors and others on gender and HIV\/ AIDS in the context of DDR; \\n provide technical support and advice on HIV\/AIDS to national partners on policy development related to DDR and human security; \\n develop tools and other practical guides for the implementation of HIV\/AIDS strategies within DDR and human security frameworks; \\n generate effective results\u00adoriented partnerships among different partners, civil society and community\u00adbased actors to implement a consolidated response to HIV\/AIDS within the framework of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn ensure full integration activity address hiv\/aids issue phase ddr programme n provide close coordination technical support national institution ddr par\u00ad ticularly office hiv\/aids reintegration n support national party coordinating profiling documentation dissemina\u00ad tion data issue relating presence role woman girl associated armed force group n document disseminate data issue relating hiv\/aids well factor fuelling epidemic armed force group n prepare provide briefing note guidance relevant actor including national partner un agency international ngo donor others gender hiv\/ aid context ddr n provide technical support advice hiv\/aids national partner policy development related ddr human security n develop tool practical guide implementation hiv\/aids strategy within ddr human security framework n generate effective results\u00adoriented partnership among different partner civil society community\u00adbased actor implement consolidated response hiv\/aids within framework ddr programme ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.13: DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Draft generic job profile", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)Organizational setting and reporting relationship: These positions are located in peace operations. Depending on the organizational structure of the mission and location of the post, the incumbent may report directly to the Chief of the DDR Unit or to a senior official in charge of DDR activities in a field location. This staff member is expected to be seconded from a UN specialized agency working on mainstreaming activities to deal with the HIV\/ AIDS issue in post\u00adconflict peace\u00adbuilding and is expected to work closely with the HIV\/ AIDS adviser of the peacekeeping mission. \\n Accountabilities: Within limits of delegated authority and under the supervision of the Chief of the DDR Unit, the DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer is responsible for the following duties: \\n (These functions are generic and may vary depending on the mission\u2019s mandate. Therefore, incumbents may carry out most, but not all, of the functions listed.) \\n\\n ensure the full integration of activities to address the HIV\/AIDS issue through all phases of the DDR programme; \\n provide close coordination and technical support to national institutions for DDR, par\u00ad ticularly offices of HIV\/AIDS reintegration; \\n support national parties in coordinating the profiling, documentation and dissemina\u00ad tion of data and issues relating to the presence and role of women and girls associated with the armed forces and groups; \\n document and disseminate data and issues relating to HIV\/AIDS as well as the factors fuelling the epidemic in the armed forces and groups; \\n prepare and provide briefing notes and guidance for relevant actors including national partners, UN agencies, international NGOs, donors and others on gender and HIV\/ AIDS in the context of DDR; \\n provide technical support and advice on HIV\/AIDS to national partners on policy development related to DDR and human security; \\n develop tools and other practical guides for the implementation of HIV\/AIDS strategies within DDR and human security frameworks; \\n generate effective results\u00adoriented partnerships among different partners, civil society and community\u00adbased actors to implement a consolidated response to HIV\/AIDS within the framework of the DDR programme. \\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":620, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Core values are integrity, professionalism and respect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing nn core value integrity professionalism respect diversity ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.13: DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00adtions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and re\u00ad spect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":621, "Sentence":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing professionalism proven expertise area assignment in\u00addepth understanding ability evaluate international political situation area experience bilateral multilateral negotiation ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.13: DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00adtions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and re\u00ad spect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":621, "Sentence":"\\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n managing performance proven effective supervisory skill ability mentor staff pro\u00ad vide guidance support ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.13: DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00adtions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and re\u00ad spect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":621, "Sentence":"\\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n planning organizing proven ability establish priority plan organize co\u00ad ordinate monitor work plan provide advice guidance others in\u00addepth understanding division \u2019 strategic direction resourcefulness ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.13: DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00adtions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and re\u00ad spect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":621, "Sentence":"\\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n judgement\/decisionmaking demonstrated sound judgement resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lem ability proactively seek recommend sound policy initiative ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.13: DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00adtions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and re\u00ad spect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":621, "Sentence":"\\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n creativity ability actively seek improve programmes\/services offer new different option solve problems\/meet client need ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.13: DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00adtions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and re\u00ad spect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":621, "Sentence":"\\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00adtions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n communication well\u00addeveloped effective communication verbal written skill including ability prepare report conduct presentation clearly formulating posi\u00adtions issue articulating option concisely conveying maximum necessary information making defending recommendation diplomacy tact ability convey difficult issue position senior official ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.13: DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Competencies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Professionalism: Proven expertise in area of assignment; in\u00addepth understanding of and an ability to evaluate international political situations in that area; experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. \\n Managing performance: Proven effective supervisory skills; ability to mentor staff and pro\u00ad vide guidance and support. \\n Planning and organizing: Proven ability to establish priorities and to plan, organize, co\u00ad ordinate and monitor own work plan and provide advice and guidance to others; in\u00addepth understanding of division\u2019s strategic direction; resourcefulness. \\n Judgement\/Decision-making: Demonstrated sound judgement in resolving issues\/prob\u00ad lems; ability to proactively seek and recommend sound policy initiatives. \\n Creativity: Ability to actively seek to improve programmes\/services, offer new and different options to solve problems\/meet client needs. \\n Communications: Well\u00addeveloped and effective communication (verbal and written) skills, including ability to prepare reports and conduct presentations by clearly formulating posi\u00adtions on issues, articulating options concisely conveying maximum necessary information, making and defending recommendations; diplomacy and tact; ability to convey difficult issues and positions to senior officials. \\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and re\u00ad spect for diversity.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":621, "Sentence":"\\n Teamwork: Proven interpersonal skills; ability to establish and maintain effective working relations with people in a multicultural, multi\u00adethnic environment with sensitivity and re\u00ad spect for diversity.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n teamwork proven interpersonal skill ability establish maintain effective working relation people multicultural multi\u00adethnic environment sensitivity re\u00ad spect diversity ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.13: DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on gender issues in post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":622, "Sentence":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing education advanced university degree social science management economics business administration international development relevant field ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.13: DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on gender issues in post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":622, "Sentence":"A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing relevant combination academic qualification experience related area may accepted lieu advanced degree ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.13: DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on gender issues in post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":622, "Sentence":"\\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on gender issues in post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n work experience minimum five year substantial experience working gender issue post\u00adconflict crisis economic recovery issue ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.42-Personnel-and-Staffing", "Heading1":"Annex C: Generic job descriptions for integrated DDR unit", "Heading2":"Annex C.13: DDR HIV\/AIDS Officer (P3\u2013P2)", "Heading3":"Qualifications", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Personnel and Staffing", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Education: Advanced university degree in social sciences, management, economics, business administration, international development or other relevant fields. A relevant combination of academic qualifications and experience in related areas may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree. \\n Work experience: Minimum of five years of substantial experience working on gender issues in post\u00adconflict, crisis and economic recovery issues. \\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":622, "Sentence":"\\n Languages: Fluency in oral and written English and\/or French, depending on the working language of the mission; knowledge of a second UN official language may be a requirement for a specific post.", "ProcessedSent":"Personnel and Staffing n language fluency oral written english and\/or french depending working language mission knowledge second un official language may requirement specific post ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programmes have increasingly relied on national institutions to ensure their success and sustainability. This module discusses three main issues related to national institutions: \\n 1) mandates and legal frameworks; \\n 2) structures and functions; and \\n 3) coordination with international DDR structures and processes.The mandates and legal frameworks of national institutions will vary according to the nature of the DDR programme, the approach that is adopted, the division of responsi- bilities with international partners and the administrative structures found in the country. It is important to ensure that national and international mandates for DDR are clear and coherent, and that a clear division of labour is established. Mandates and basic principles, institutional mechanisms, time-frames and eligibility criteria should be defined in the peace accord, and national authorities should establish the appropriate framework for DDR through legislation, decrees or executive orders.The structures of national institutions will also vary depending on the political and institutional context in which they are created. They should nevertheless reflect the security, social and economic dimensions of the DDR process in question by including broad rep- resentation across a number of government ministries, civil society organizations and the private sector.In addition, national institutions should adequately function at three different levels: \\n the policy\/strategic level through the establishment of a national commission on DDR; \\n the planning and technical levels through the creation of a national technical planning and coordination body; and \\n the implementation\/operational level through a joint implementation unit and field\/ regional offices.There will be generally a range of national and international partners engaged in imple- mentation of different components of the national DDR programme.Coordination with international DDR structures and processes should be also ensured at the policy, planning and operational levels. The success and sustainability of a DDR pro- gramme depend on the ability of international expertise to complement and support a nationally led process. A UN strategy in support of DDR should therefore take into account not only the context in which DDR takes place, but also the existing capacity of national and local actors to develop, manage and implement DDR.Areas of support for national institutions are: institutional capacity development; legal frameworks; policy, planning and implementation; financial management; material and logis- tic assistance; training for national staff; and community development and empowerment.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":623, "Sentence":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programmes have increasingly relied on national institutions to ensure their success and sustainability.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR disarmament demobilization reintegration ddr programme increasingly relied national institution ensure success sustainability ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programmes have increasingly relied on national institutions to ensure their success and sustainability. This module discusses three main issues related to national institutions: \\n 1) mandates and legal frameworks; \\n 2) structures and functions; and \\n 3) coordination with international DDR structures and processes.The mandates and legal frameworks of national institutions will vary according to the nature of the DDR programme, the approach that is adopted, the division of responsi- bilities with international partners and the administrative structures found in the country. It is important to ensure that national and international mandates for DDR are clear and coherent, and that a clear division of labour is established. Mandates and basic principles, institutional mechanisms, time-frames and eligibility criteria should be defined in the peace accord, and national authorities should establish the appropriate framework for DDR through legislation, decrees or executive orders.The structures of national institutions will also vary depending on the political and institutional context in which they are created. They should nevertheless reflect the security, social and economic dimensions of the DDR process in question by including broad rep- resentation across a number of government ministries, civil society organizations and the private sector.In addition, national institutions should adequately function at three different levels: \\n the policy\/strategic level through the establishment of a national commission on DDR; \\n the planning and technical levels through the creation of a national technical planning and coordination body; and \\n the implementation\/operational level through a joint implementation unit and field\/ regional offices.There will be generally a range of national and international partners engaged in imple- mentation of different components of the national DDR programme.Coordination with international DDR structures and processes should be also ensured at the policy, planning and operational levels. The success and sustainability of a DDR pro- gramme depend on the ability of international expertise to complement and support a nationally led process. A UN strategy in support of DDR should therefore take into account not only the context in which DDR takes place, but also the existing capacity of national and local actors to develop, manage and implement DDR.Areas of support for national institutions are: institutional capacity development; legal frameworks; policy, planning and implementation; financial management; material and logis- tic assistance; training for national staff; and community development and empowerment.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":623, "Sentence":"This module discusses three main issues related to national institutions: \\n 1) mandates and legal frameworks; \\n 2) structures and functions; and \\n 3) coordination with international DDR structures and processes.The mandates and legal frameworks of national institutions will vary according to the nature of the DDR programme, the approach that is adopted, the division of responsi- bilities with international partners and the administrative structures found in the country.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR module discus three main issue related national institution n 1 mandate legal framework n 2 structure function n 3 coordination international ddr structure processes.the mandate legal framework national institution vary according nature ddr programme approach adopted division responsi bilities international partner administrative structure found country ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programmes have increasingly relied on national institutions to ensure their success and sustainability. This module discusses three main issues related to national institutions: \\n 1) mandates and legal frameworks; \\n 2) structures and functions; and \\n 3) coordination with international DDR structures and processes.The mandates and legal frameworks of national institutions will vary according to the nature of the DDR programme, the approach that is adopted, the division of responsi- bilities with international partners and the administrative structures found in the country. It is important to ensure that national and international mandates for DDR are clear and coherent, and that a clear division of labour is established. Mandates and basic principles, institutional mechanisms, time-frames and eligibility criteria should be defined in the peace accord, and national authorities should establish the appropriate framework for DDR through legislation, decrees or executive orders.The structures of national institutions will also vary depending on the political and institutional context in which they are created. They should nevertheless reflect the security, social and economic dimensions of the DDR process in question by including broad rep- resentation across a number of government ministries, civil society organizations and the private sector.In addition, national institutions should adequately function at three different levels: \\n the policy\/strategic level through the establishment of a national commission on DDR; \\n the planning and technical levels through the creation of a national technical planning and coordination body; and \\n the implementation\/operational level through a joint implementation unit and field\/ regional offices.There will be generally a range of national and international partners engaged in imple- mentation of different components of the national DDR programme.Coordination with international DDR structures and processes should be also ensured at the policy, planning and operational levels. The success and sustainability of a DDR pro- gramme depend on the ability of international expertise to complement and support a nationally led process. A UN strategy in support of DDR should therefore take into account not only the context in which DDR takes place, but also the existing capacity of national and local actors to develop, manage and implement DDR.Areas of support for national institutions are: institutional capacity development; legal frameworks; policy, planning and implementation; financial management; material and logis- tic assistance; training for national staff; and community development and empowerment.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":623, "Sentence":"It is important to ensure that national and international mandates for DDR are clear and coherent, and that a clear division of labour is established.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR important ensure national international mandate ddr clear coherent clear division labour established ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programmes have increasingly relied on national institutions to ensure their success and sustainability. This module discusses three main issues related to national institutions: \\n 1) mandates and legal frameworks; \\n 2) structures and functions; and \\n 3) coordination with international DDR structures and processes.The mandates and legal frameworks of national institutions will vary according to the nature of the DDR programme, the approach that is adopted, the division of responsi- bilities with international partners and the administrative structures found in the country. It is important to ensure that national and international mandates for DDR are clear and coherent, and that a clear division of labour is established. Mandates and basic principles, institutional mechanisms, time-frames and eligibility criteria should be defined in the peace accord, and national authorities should establish the appropriate framework for DDR through legislation, decrees or executive orders.The structures of national institutions will also vary depending on the political and institutional context in which they are created. They should nevertheless reflect the security, social and economic dimensions of the DDR process in question by including broad rep- resentation across a number of government ministries, civil society organizations and the private sector.In addition, national institutions should adequately function at three different levels: \\n the policy\/strategic level through the establishment of a national commission on DDR; \\n the planning and technical levels through the creation of a national technical planning and coordination body; and \\n the implementation\/operational level through a joint implementation unit and field\/ regional offices.There will be generally a range of national and international partners engaged in imple- mentation of different components of the national DDR programme.Coordination with international DDR structures and processes should be also ensured at the policy, planning and operational levels. The success and sustainability of a DDR pro- gramme depend on the ability of international expertise to complement and support a nationally led process. A UN strategy in support of DDR should therefore take into account not only the context in which DDR takes place, but also the existing capacity of national and local actors to develop, manage and implement DDR.Areas of support for national institutions are: institutional capacity development; legal frameworks; policy, planning and implementation; financial management; material and logis- tic assistance; training for national staff; and community development and empowerment.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":623, "Sentence":"Mandates and basic principles, institutional mechanisms, time-frames and eligibility criteria should be defined in the peace accord, and national authorities should establish the appropriate framework for DDR through legislation, decrees or executive orders.The structures of national institutions will also vary depending on the political and institutional context in which they are created.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR mandate basic principle institutional mechanism timeframes eligibility criterion defined peace accord national authority establish appropriate framework ddr legislation decree executive orders.the structure national institution also vary depending political institutional context created ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programmes have increasingly relied on national institutions to ensure their success and sustainability. This module discusses three main issues related to national institutions: \\n 1) mandates and legal frameworks; \\n 2) structures and functions; and \\n 3) coordination with international DDR structures and processes.The mandates and legal frameworks of national institutions will vary according to the nature of the DDR programme, the approach that is adopted, the division of responsi- bilities with international partners and the administrative structures found in the country. It is important to ensure that national and international mandates for DDR are clear and coherent, and that a clear division of labour is established. Mandates and basic principles, institutional mechanisms, time-frames and eligibility criteria should be defined in the peace accord, and national authorities should establish the appropriate framework for DDR through legislation, decrees or executive orders.The structures of national institutions will also vary depending on the political and institutional context in which they are created. They should nevertheless reflect the security, social and economic dimensions of the DDR process in question by including broad rep- resentation across a number of government ministries, civil society organizations and the private sector.In addition, national institutions should adequately function at three different levels: \\n the policy\/strategic level through the establishment of a national commission on DDR; \\n the planning and technical levels through the creation of a national technical planning and coordination body; and \\n the implementation\/operational level through a joint implementation unit and field\/ regional offices.There will be generally a range of national and international partners engaged in imple- mentation of different components of the national DDR programme.Coordination with international DDR structures and processes should be also ensured at the policy, planning and operational levels. The success and sustainability of a DDR pro- gramme depend on the ability of international expertise to complement and support a nationally led process. A UN strategy in support of DDR should therefore take into account not only the context in which DDR takes place, but also the existing capacity of national and local actors to develop, manage and implement DDR.Areas of support for national institutions are: institutional capacity development; legal frameworks; policy, planning and implementation; financial management; material and logis- tic assistance; training for national staff; and community development and empowerment.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":623, "Sentence":"They should nevertheless reflect the security, social and economic dimensions of the DDR process in question by including broad rep- resentation across a number of government ministries, civil society organizations and the private sector.In addition, national institutions should adequately function at three different levels: \\n the policy\/strategic level through the establishment of a national commission on DDR; \\n the planning and technical levels through the creation of a national technical planning and coordination body; and \\n the implementation\/operational level through a joint implementation unit and field\/ regional offices.There will be generally a range of national and international partners engaged in imple- mentation of different components of the national DDR programme.Coordination with international DDR structures and processes should be also ensured at the policy, planning and operational levels.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR nevertheless reflect security social economic dimension ddr process question including broad rep resentation across number government ministry civil society organization private sector.in addition national institution adequately function three different level n policy\/strategic level establishment national commission ddr n planning technical level creation national technical planning coordination body n implementation\/operational level joint implementation unit field\/ regional offices.there generally range national international partner engaged imple mentation different component national ddr programme.coordination international ddr structure process also ensured policy planning operational level ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programmes have increasingly relied on national institutions to ensure their success and sustainability. This module discusses three main issues related to national institutions: \\n 1) mandates and legal frameworks; \\n 2) structures and functions; and \\n 3) coordination with international DDR structures and processes.The mandates and legal frameworks of national institutions will vary according to the nature of the DDR programme, the approach that is adopted, the division of responsi- bilities with international partners and the administrative structures found in the country. It is important to ensure that national and international mandates for DDR are clear and coherent, and that a clear division of labour is established. Mandates and basic principles, institutional mechanisms, time-frames and eligibility criteria should be defined in the peace accord, and national authorities should establish the appropriate framework for DDR through legislation, decrees or executive orders.The structures of national institutions will also vary depending on the political and institutional context in which they are created. They should nevertheless reflect the security, social and economic dimensions of the DDR process in question by including broad rep- resentation across a number of government ministries, civil society organizations and the private sector.In addition, national institutions should adequately function at three different levels: \\n the policy\/strategic level through the establishment of a national commission on DDR; \\n the planning and technical levels through the creation of a national technical planning and coordination body; and \\n the implementation\/operational level through a joint implementation unit and field\/ regional offices.There will be generally a range of national and international partners engaged in imple- mentation of different components of the national DDR programme.Coordination with international DDR structures and processes should be also ensured at the policy, planning and operational levels. The success and sustainability of a DDR pro- gramme depend on the ability of international expertise to complement and support a nationally led process. A UN strategy in support of DDR should therefore take into account not only the context in which DDR takes place, but also the existing capacity of national and local actors to develop, manage and implement DDR.Areas of support for national institutions are: institutional capacity development; legal frameworks; policy, planning and implementation; financial management; material and logis- tic assistance; training for national staff; and community development and empowerment.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":623, "Sentence":"The success and sustainability of a DDR pro- gramme depend on the ability of international expertise to complement and support a nationally led process.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR success sustainability ddr pro gramme depend ability international expertise complement support nationally led process ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programmes have increasingly relied on national institutions to ensure their success and sustainability. This module discusses three main issues related to national institutions: \\n 1) mandates and legal frameworks; \\n 2) structures and functions; and \\n 3) coordination with international DDR structures and processes.The mandates and legal frameworks of national institutions will vary according to the nature of the DDR programme, the approach that is adopted, the division of responsi- bilities with international partners and the administrative structures found in the country. It is important to ensure that national and international mandates for DDR are clear and coherent, and that a clear division of labour is established. Mandates and basic principles, institutional mechanisms, time-frames and eligibility criteria should be defined in the peace accord, and national authorities should establish the appropriate framework for DDR through legislation, decrees or executive orders.The structures of national institutions will also vary depending on the political and institutional context in which they are created. They should nevertheless reflect the security, social and economic dimensions of the DDR process in question by including broad rep- resentation across a number of government ministries, civil society organizations and the private sector.In addition, national institutions should adequately function at three different levels: \\n the policy\/strategic level through the establishment of a national commission on DDR; \\n the planning and technical levels through the creation of a national technical planning and coordination body; and \\n the implementation\/operational level through a joint implementation unit and field\/ regional offices.There will be generally a range of national and international partners engaged in imple- mentation of different components of the national DDR programme.Coordination with international DDR structures and processes should be also ensured at the policy, planning and operational levels. The success and sustainability of a DDR pro- gramme depend on the ability of international expertise to complement and support a nationally led process. A UN strategy in support of DDR should therefore take into account not only the context in which DDR takes place, but also the existing capacity of national and local actors to develop, manage and implement DDR.Areas of support for national institutions are: institutional capacity development; legal frameworks; policy, planning and implementation; financial management; material and logis- tic assistance; training for national staff; and community development and empowerment.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":623, "Sentence":"A UN strategy in support of DDR should therefore take into account not only the context in which DDR takes place, but also the existing capacity of national and local actors to develop, manage and implement DDR.Areas of support for national institutions are: institutional capacity development; legal frameworks; policy, planning and implementation; financial management; material and logis- tic assistance; training for national staff; and community development and empowerment.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR un strategy support ddr therefore take account context ddr take place also existing capacity national local actor develop manage implement ddr.areas support national institution institutional capacity development legal framework policy planning implementation financial management material logis tic assistance training national staff community development empowerment ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module provides United Nations (UN) DDR policy makers and practitioners with guidance on the structures, roles and responsibilities of national counterparts for DDR, their relationships with the UN and the legal frameworks within which they operate. It also provides guidance on how the UN should define its role, the scope of support it should offer to national structures and institutions, and capacity development.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":624, "Sentence":"This module provides United Nations (UN) DDR policy makers and practitioners with guidance on the structures, roles and responsibilities of national counterparts for DDR, their relationships with the UN and the legal frameworks within which they operate.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR module provides united nation un ddr policy maker practitioner guidance structure role responsibility national counterpart ddr relationship un legal framework within operate ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module provides United Nations (UN) DDR policy makers and practitioners with guidance on the structures, roles and responsibilities of national counterparts for DDR, their relationships with the UN and the legal frameworks within which they operate. It also provides guidance on how the UN should define its role, the scope of support it should offer to national structures and institutions, and capacity development.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":624, "Sentence":"It also provides guidance on how the UN should define its role, the scope of support it should offer to national structures and institutions, and capacity development.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR also provides guidance un define role scope support offer national structure institution capacity development ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dThe term \u2018a national framework for DDR\u2019 describes the political, legal, programmatic\/ policy and institutional framework, resources and capacities established to structure and guide national engagement with a DDR process. The implementation of DDR requires mul- tiple stakeholders; therefore, participants in the establishment and implementation of a national DDR framework include not only the government, but also all parties to the peace agreement, civil society, and all other national and local stakeholders.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":625, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR annex contains list abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dThe term \u2018a national framework for DDR\u2019 describes the political, legal, programmatic\/ policy and institutional framework, resources and capacities established to structure and guide national engagement with a DDR process. The implementation of DDR requires mul- tiple stakeholders; therefore, participants in the establishment and implementation of a national DDR framework include not only the government, but also all parties to the peace agreement, civil society, and all other national and local stakeholders.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":625, "Sentence":"A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR complete glossary term definition abbreviation used series integrated ddr standard iddrs given iddrs 1.20.in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dThe term \u2018a national framework for DDR\u2019 describes the political, legal, programmatic\/ policy and institutional framework, resources and capacities established to structure and guide national engagement with a DDR process. The implementation of DDR requires mul- tiple stakeholders; therefore, participants in the establishment and implementation of a national DDR framework include not only the government, but also all parties to the peace agreement, civil society, and all other national and local stakeholders.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":625, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR use consistent language used international organization standardization standard guideline n \u201c \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dThe term \u2018a national framework for DDR\u2019 describes the political, legal, programmatic\/ policy and institutional framework, resources and capacities established to structure and guide national engagement with a DDR process. The implementation of DDR requires mul- tiple stakeholders; therefore, participants in the establishment and implementation of a national DDR framework include not only the government, but also all parties to the peace agreement, civil society, and all other national and local stakeholders.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":625, "Sentence":"\\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dThe term \u2018a national framework for DDR\u2019 describes the political, legal, programmatic\/ policy and institutional framework, resources and capacities established to structure and guide national engagement with a DDR process. The implementation of DDR requires mul- tiple stakeholders; therefore, participants in the establishment and implementation of a national DDR framework include not only the government, but also all parties to the peace agreement, civil society, and all other national and local stakeholders.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":625, "Sentence":"\\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dThe term \u2018a national framework for DDR\u2019 describes the political, legal, programmatic\/ policy and institutional framework, resources and capacities established to structure and guide national engagement with a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action. \u201d term \u2018 national framework ddr \u2019 describes political legal programmatic\/ policy institutional framework resource capacity established structure guide national engagement ddr process ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dThe term \u2018a national framework for DDR\u2019 describes the political, legal, programmatic\/ policy and institutional framework, resources and capacities established to structure and guide national engagement with a DDR process. The implementation of DDR requires mul- tiple stakeholders; therefore, participants in the establishment and implementation of a national DDR framework include not only the government, but also all parties to the peace agreement, civil society, and all other national and local stakeholders.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":625, "Sentence":"The implementation of DDR requires mul- tiple stakeholders; therefore, participants in the establishment and implementation of a national DDR framework include not only the government, but also all parties to the peace agreement, civil society, and all other national and local stakeholders.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR implementation ddr requires mul tiple stakeholder therefore participant establishment implementation national ddr framework include government also party peace agreement civil society national local stakeholder ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent, na- tionally owned, integrated and well planned. Within the UN, integrated DDR is delivered with the cooperation of agencies, programmes, funds and peacekeeping missions.In a country in which it is implemented, there is a focus on capacity-building at both government and local levels to achieve sustainable national ownership of DDR, among other peace-building measures. Certain conditions should be in place for DDR to proceed: these include the signing of a negotiated peace agreement, which provides a legal frame- work for DDR; trust in the peace process; transparency; the willingness of the parties to the conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security. This module focuses on how to create and sustain these conditions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":626, "Sentence":"UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent, na- tionally owned, integrated and well planned.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR unsupported ddr aim peoplecentred flexible accountable transparent na tionally owned integrated well planned ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent, na- tionally owned, integrated and well planned. Within the UN, integrated DDR is delivered with the cooperation of agencies, programmes, funds and peacekeeping missions.In a country in which it is implemented, there is a focus on capacity-building at both government and local levels to achieve sustainable national ownership of DDR, among other peace-building measures. Certain conditions should be in place for DDR to proceed: these include the signing of a negotiated peace agreement, which provides a legal frame- work for DDR; trust in the peace process; transparency; the willingness of the parties to the conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security. This module focuses on how to create and sustain these conditions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":626, "Sentence":"Within the UN, integrated DDR is delivered with the cooperation of agencies, programmes, funds and peacekeeping missions.In a country in which it is implemented, there is a focus on capacity-building at both government and local levels to achieve sustainable national ownership of DDR, among other peace-building measures.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR within un integrated ddr delivered cooperation agency programme fund peacekeeping missions.in country implemented focus capacitybuilding government local level achieve sustainable national ownership ddr among peacebuilding measure ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent, na- tionally owned, integrated and well planned. Within the UN, integrated DDR is delivered with the cooperation of agencies, programmes, funds and peacekeeping missions.In a country in which it is implemented, there is a focus on capacity-building at both government and local levels to achieve sustainable national ownership of DDR, among other peace-building measures. Certain conditions should be in place for DDR to proceed: these include the signing of a negotiated peace agreement, which provides a legal frame- work for DDR; trust in the peace process; transparency; the willingness of the parties to the conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security. This module focuses on how to create and sustain these conditions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":626, "Sentence":"Certain conditions should be in place for DDR to proceed: these include the signing of a negotiated peace agreement, which provides a legal frame- work for DDR; trust in the peace process; transparency; the willingness of the parties to the conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR certain condition place ddr proceed include signing negotiated peace agreement provides legal frame work ddr trust peace process transparency willingness party conflict engage ddr minimum guarantee security ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent, na- tionally owned, integrated and well planned. Within the UN, integrated DDR is delivered with the cooperation of agencies, programmes, funds and peacekeeping missions.In a country in which it is implemented, there is a focus on capacity-building at both government and local levels to achieve sustainable national ownership of DDR, among other peace-building measures. Certain conditions should be in place for DDR to proceed: these include the signing of a negotiated peace agreement, which provides a legal frame- work for DDR; trust in the peace process; transparency; the willingness of the parties to the conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security. This module focuses on how to create and sustain these conditions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":626, "Sentence":"This module focuses on how to create and sustain these conditions.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR module focus create sustain condition ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The principles guiding the development of national DDR frameworks, as well as the princi- ples of UN engagement with, and support to, national institutions and stakeholders, are outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR. Here, they are discussed in more detail.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":627, "Sentence":"The principles guiding the development of national DDR frameworks, as well as the princi- ples of UN engagement with, and support to, national institutions and stakeholders, are outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR principle guiding development national ddr framework well princi ples un engagement support national institution stakeholder outlined iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The principles guiding the development of national DDR frameworks, as well as the princi- ples of UN engagement with, and support to, national institutions and stakeholders, are outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR. Here, they are discussed in more detail.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":627, "Sentence":"Here, they are discussed in more detail.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR discussed detail ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"National ownership is essential for the success and sustainability of DDR programmes, and supporting national institutions is a core principle of the UN. However, in the past, too many DDR programmes were overly controlled by external actors who did not make enough effort to establish true partnership with national institutions and local authorities, producing programmes that were insufficiently adapted to the dynamics of local conflicts, unsuppor- tive of the capacities of local institutions and unresponsive to the needs of local populations. While the UN system may be called upon to provide strategic, technical, operational and financial support to DDR, national and local actors \u2014 who are ultimately responsible for the peace, security and development of their own communities and nations \u2014 should lead the process. When the UN supports DDR, it also aims to increase the capacities of govern- ments, implementing partners, communities and participants, and to assist them as they take ownership of the process: the promotion of national ownership is therefore a principle that guides both policy and the operational design of DDR programmes carried out with UN support.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":628, "Sentence":"National ownership is essential for the success and sustainability of DDR programmes, and supporting national institutions is a core principle of the UN.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR national ownership essential success sustainability ddr programme supporting national institution core principle un ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"National ownership is essential for the success and sustainability of DDR programmes, and supporting national institutions is a core principle of the UN. However, in the past, too many DDR programmes were overly controlled by external actors who did not make enough effort to establish true partnership with national institutions and local authorities, producing programmes that were insufficiently adapted to the dynamics of local conflicts, unsuppor- tive of the capacities of local institutions and unresponsive to the needs of local populations. While the UN system may be called upon to provide strategic, technical, operational and financial support to DDR, national and local actors \u2014 who are ultimately responsible for the peace, security and development of their own communities and nations \u2014 should lead the process. When the UN supports DDR, it also aims to increase the capacities of govern- ments, implementing partners, communities and participants, and to assist them as they take ownership of the process: the promotion of national ownership is therefore a principle that guides both policy and the operational design of DDR programmes carried out with UN support.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":628, "Sentence":"However, in the past, too many DDR programmes were overly controlled by external actors who did not make enough effort to establish true partnership with national institutions and local authorities, producing programmes that were insufficiently adapted to the dynamics of local conflicts, unsuppor- tive of the capacities of local institutions and unresponsive to the needs of local populations.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR however past many ddr programme overly controlled external actor make enough effort establish true partnership national institution local authority producing programme insufficiently adapted dynamic local conflict unsuppor tive capacity local institution unresponsive need local population ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"National ownership is essential for the success and sustainability of DDR programmes, and supporting national institutions is a core principle of the UN. However, in the past, too many DDR programmes were overly controlled by external actors who did not make enough effort to establish true partnership with national institutions and local authorities, producing programmes that were insufficiently adapted to the dynamics of local conflicts, unsuppor- tive of the capacities of local institutions and unresponsive to the needs of local populations. While the UN system may be called upon to provide strategic, technical, operational and financial support to DDR, national and local actors \u2014 who are ultimately responsible for the peace, security and development of their own communities and nations \u2014 should lead the process. When the UN supports DDR, it also aims to increase the capacities of govern- ments, implementing partners, communities and participants, and to assist them as they take ownership of the process: the promotion of national ownership is therefore a principle that guides both policy and the operational design of DDR programmes carried out with UN support.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":628, "Sentence":"While the UN system may be called upon to provide strategic, technical, operational and financial support to DDR, national and local actors \u2014 who are ultimately responsible for the peace, security and development of their own communities and nations \u2014 should lead the process.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR un system may called upon provide strategic technical operational financial support ddr national local actor \u2014 ultimately responsible peace security development community nation \u2014 lead process ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"National ownership is essential for the success and sustainability of DDR programmes, and supporting national institutions is a core principle of the UN. However, in the past, too many DDR programmes were overly controlled by external actors who did not make enough effort to establish true partnership with national institutions and local authorities, producing programmes that were insufficiently adapted to the dynamics of local conflicts, unsuppor- tive of the capacities of local institutions and unresponsive to the needs of local populations. While the UN system may be called upon to provide strategic, technical, operational and financial support to DDR, national and local actors \u2014 who are ultimately responsible for the peace, security and development of their own communities and nations \u2014 should lead the process. When the UN supports DDR, it also aims to increase the capacities of govern- ments, implementing partners, communities and participants, and to assist them as they take ownership of the process: the promotion of national ownership is therefore a principle that guides both policy and the operational design of DDR programmes carried out with UN support.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":628, "Sentence":"When the UN supports DDR, it also aims to increase the capacities of govern- ments, implementing partners, communities and participants, and to assist them as they take ownership of the process: the promotion of national ownership is therefore a principle that guides both policy and the operational design of DDR programmes carried out with UN support.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR un support ddr also aim increase capacity govern ments implementing partner community participant assist take ownership process promotion national ownership therefore principle guide policy operational design ddr programme carried un support ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2. Inclusivity", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Another core principle in the establishment and support of national institutions is the in- clusion of all stakeholders. National ownership is both broader and deeper than central government leadership: it requires the participation of a range of state and non-state actors at national, provincial and local levels. National DDR institutions should include all parties to the conflict, as well as representa- tives of civil society and the private sector. The international community should play a role in supporting the development of capacities in civil society and at local levels to enable them to participate in DDR processes (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":629, "Sentence":"Another core principle in the establishment and support of national institutions is the in- clusion of all stakeholders.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR another core principle establishment support national institution clusion stakeholder ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2. Inclusivity", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Another core principle in the establishment and support of national institutions is the in- clusion of all stakeholders. National ownership is both broader and deeper than central government leadership: it requires the participation of a range of state and non-state actors at national, provincial and local levels. National DDR institutions should include all parties to the conflict, as well as representa- tives of civil society and the private sector. The international community should play a role in supporting the development of capacities in civil society and at local levels to enable them to participate in DDR processes (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":629, "Sentence":"National ownership is both broader and deeper than central government leadership: it requires the participation of a range of state and non-state actors at national, provincial and local levels.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR national ownership broader deeper central government leadership requires participation range state nonstate actor national provincial local level ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2. Inclusivity", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Another core principle in the establishment and support of national institutions is the in- clusion of all stakeholders. National ownership is both broader and deeper than central government leadership: it requires the participation of a range of state and non-state actors at national, provincial and local levels. National DDR institutions should include all parties to the conflict, as well as representa- tives of civil society and the private sector. The international community should play a role in supporting the development of capacities in civil society and at local levels to enable them to participate in DDR processes (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":629, "Sentence":"National DDR institutions should include all parties to the conflict, as well as representa- tives of civil society and the private sector.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR national ddr institution include party conflict well representa tives civil society private sector ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2. Inclusivity", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Another core principle in the establishment and support of national institutions is the in- clusion of all stakeholders. National ownership is both broader and deeper than central government leadership: it requires the participation of a range of state and non-state actors at national, provincial and local levels. National DDR institutions should include all parties to the conflict, as well as representa- tives of civil society and the private sector. The international community should play a role in supporting the development of capacities in civil society and at local levels to enable them to participate in DDR processes (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":629, "Sentence":"The international community should play a role in supporting the development of capacities in civil society and at local levels to enable them to participate in DDR processes (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR international community play role supporting development capacity civil society local level enable participate ddr process also see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr iddrs 5.20 youth ddr iddrs 5.30 child ddr ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. Accountability and transparency", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Accountability and transparency are important principles for all national institutions. DDR institutions should adopt and encourage\/support these values in order to: \\n build confidence among the parties to the DDR process; \\n establish the legitimacy of the process with the general population and local commu- nities; \\n ensure continued financial and technical support from international actors.Accountability mechanisms should be established for the monitoring, oversight and evaluation of processes through both internal and external review. Transparency should be also supported through a broad communications strategy that raises awareness of the prin- ciples and details of the programme (also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). ", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":630, "Sentence":"Accountability and transparency are important principles for all national institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR accountability transparency important principle national institution ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. Accountability and transparency", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Accountability and transparency are important principles for all national institutions. DDR institutions should adopt and encourage\/support these values in order to: \\n build confidence among the parties to the DDR process; \\n establish the legitimacy of the process with the general population and local commu- nities; \\n ensure continued financial and technical support from international actors.Accountability mechanisms should be established for the monitoring, oversight and evaluation of processes through both internal and external review. Transparency should be also supported through a broad communications strategy that raises awareness of the prin- ciples and details of the programme (also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). ", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":630, "Sentence":"DDR institutions should adopt and encourage\/support these values in order to: \\n build confidence among the parties to the DDR process; \\n establish the legitimacy of the process with the general population and local commu- nities; \\n ensure continued financial and technical support from international actors.Accountability mechanisms should be established for the monitoring, oversight and evaluation of processes through both internal and external review.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR ddr institution adopt encourage\/support value order n build confidence among party ddr process n establish legitimacy process general population local commu nities n ensure continued financial technical support international actors.accountability mechanism established monitoring oversight evaluation process internal external review ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. Accountability and transparency", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Accountability and transparency are important principles for all national institutions. DDR institutions should adopt and encourage\/support these values in order to: \\n build confidence among the parties to the DDR process; \\n establish the legitimacy of the process with the general population and local commu- nities; \\n ensure continued financial and technical support from international actors.Accountability mechanisms should be established for the monitoring, oversight and evaluation of processes through both internal and external review. Transparency should be also supported through a broad communications strategy that raises awareness of the prin- ciples and details of the programme (also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). ", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":630, "Sentence":"Transparency should be also supported through a broad communications strategy that raises awareness of the prin- ciples and details of the programme (also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR transparency also supported broad communication strategy raise awareness prin ciples detail programme also see iddrs 3.50 monitoring evaluation ddr programme iddrs 4.60 public information strategic communication support ddr ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The mandates and legal frameworks established for national DDR institutions will vary according to the nature of the DDR process to be carried out and the approach adopted, the division of responsibilities with international partners, and the administrative structures of the state itself. All stakeholders should agree to the establishment of the mandate and legal framework (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":631, "Sentence":"The mandates and legal frameworks established for national DDR institutions will vary according to the nature of the DDR process to be carried out and the approach adopted, the division of responsibilities with international partners, and the administrative structures of the state itself.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR mandate legal framework established national ddr institution vary according nature ddr process carried approach adopted division responsibility international partner administrative structure state ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The mandates and legal frameworks established for national DDR institutions will vary according to the nature of the DDR process to be carried out and the approach adopted, the division of responsibilities with international partners, and the administrative structures of the state itself. All stakeholders should agree to the establishment of the mandate and legal framework (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":631, "Sentence":"All stakeholders should agree to the establishment of the mandate and legal framework (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR stakeholder agree establishment mandate legal framework also see iddrs 2.30 participant beneficiary partner ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.1. Establishing clear and coherent national and international mandates", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The national and international mandates for DDR should be clear and coherent. A clear division of responsibilities should be established in the different levels of programme co- ordination and for different programme components. This can be done through: \\n supporting international experts to provide technical advice on DDR to parties to the peace negotiations; \\n incorporating national authorities into inter-agency assessment missions to ensure that national policies and strategies are reflected in the Secretary-General\u2019s report and Secu- rity Council mandates for UN peace-support operations; \\n discussing national and international roles, responsibilities and functions within the framework of an agreed common DDR plan or programme; \\n providing technical advice to national authorities on the design and development of legal frameworks, institutional mechanisms and national programmes for DDR; \\n establishing mechanisms for the joint implementation and coordination of DDR pro- grammes and activities at the policy, planning and operational levels.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":632, "Sentence":"The national and international mandates for DDR should be clear and coherent.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR national international mandate ddr clear coherent ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.1. Establishing clear and coherent national and international mandates", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The national and international mandates for DDR should be clear and coherent. A clear division of responsibilities should be established in the different levels of programme co- ordination and for different programme components. This can be done through: \\n supporting international experts to provide technical advice on DDR to parties to the peace negotiations; \\n incorporating national authorities into inter-agency assessment missions to ensure that national policies and strategies are reflected in the Secretary-General\u2019s report and Secu- rity Council mandates for UN peace-support operations; \\n discussing national and international roles, responsibilities and functions within the framework of an agreed common DDR plan or programme; \\n providing technical advice to national authorities on the design and development of legal frameworks, institutional mechanisms and national programmes for DDR; \\n establishing mechanisms for the joint implementation and coordination of DDR pro- grammes and activities at the policy, planning and operational levels.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":632, "Sentence":"A clear division of responsibilities should be established in the different levels of programme co- ordination and for different programme components.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR clear division responsibility established different level programme co ordination different programme component ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.1. Establishing clear and coherent national and international mandates", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The national and international mandates for DDR should be clear and coherent. A clear division of responsibilities should be established in the different levels of programme co- ordination and for different programme components. This can be done through: \\n supporting international experts to provide technical advice on DDR to parties to the peace negotiations; \\n incorporating national authorities into inter-agency assessment missions to ensure that national policies and strategies are reflected in the Secretary-General\u2019s report and Secu- rity Council mandates for UN peace-support operations; \\n discussing national and international roles, responsibilities and functions within the framework of an agreed common DDR plan or programme; \\n providing technical advice to national authorities on the design and development of legal frameworks, institutional mechanisms and national programmes for DDR; \\n establishing mechanisms for the joint implementation and coordination of DDR pro- grammes and activities at the policy, planning and operational levels.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":632, "Sentence":"This can be done through: \\n supporting international experts to provide technical advice on DDR to parties to the peace negotiations; \\n incorporating national authorities into inter-agency assessment missions to ensure that national policies and strategies are reflected in the Secretary-General\u2019s report and Secu- rity Council mandates for UN peace-support operations; \\n discussing national and international roles, responsibilities and functions within the framework of an agreed common DDR plan or programme; \\n providing technical advice to national authorities on the design and development of legal frameworks, institutional mechanisms and national programmes for DDR; \\n establishing mechanisms for the joint implementation and coordination of DDR pro- grammes and activities at the policy, planning and operational levels.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR done n supporting international expert provide technical advice ddr party peace negotiation n incorporating national authority interagency assessment mission ensure national policy strategy reflected secretarygeneral \u2019 report secu rity council mandate un peacesupport operation n discussing national international role responsibility function within framework agreed common ddr plan programme n providing technical advice national authority design development legal framework institutional mechanism national programme ddr n establishing mechanism joint implementation coordination ddr pro gramme activity policy planning operational level ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Political frameworks and peace accord provisions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"When parties to a conflict have concluded a peace accord or political agreement, provisions should have been included in it on the establishment of a legal framework for the DDR process. Mandates and basic principles, institutional mechanisms, time-frames and eligi- bility criteria should all be defined. As the programme starts, institutional mechanisms and programme details should be elaborated further through the adoption of national legisla- tion or executive decree(s).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":633, "Sentence":"When parties to a conflict have concluded a peace accord or political agreement, provisions should have been included in it on the establishment of a legal framework for the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR party conflict concluded peace accord political agreement provision included establishment legal framework ddr process ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Political frameworks and peace accord provisions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"When parties to a conflict have concluded a peace accord or political agreement, provisions should have been included in it on the establishment of a legal framework for the DDR process. Mandates and basic principles, institutional mechanisms, time-frames and eligi- bility criteria should all be defined. As the programme starts, institutional mechanisms and programme details should be elaborated further through the adoption of national legisla- tion or executive decree(s).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":633, "Sentence":"Mandates and basic principles, institutional mechanisms, time-frames and eligi- bility criteria should all be defined.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR mandate basic principle institutional mechanism timeframes eligi bility criterion defined ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Political frameworks and peace accord provisions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"When parties to a conflict have concluded a peace accord or political agreement, provisions should have been included in it on the establishment of a legal framework for the DDR process. Mandates and basic principles, institutional mechanisms, time-frames and eligi- bility criteria should all be defined. As the programme starts, institutional mechanisms and programme details should be elaborated further through the adoption of national legisla- tion or executive decree(s).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":633, "Sentence":"As the programme starts, institutional mechanisms and programme details should be elaborated further through the adoption of national legisla- tion or executive decree(s).", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR programme start institutional mechanism programme detail elaborated adoption national legisla tion executive decree ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. National legislative framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In addition to the provisions of the peace accord, national authorities should develop legal instruments (legislation, decree[s] or executive order[s]) that establish the appropriate legal framework for DDR. These should include, but are not limited to, the following: \\n a letter of demobilization policy, which establishes the intent of national authorities to carry out a process of demobilization and reduction of armed forces and groups, indi- cating the total numbers to be demobilized, how this process will be carried out and under whose authority, and links to other national processes, particularly the reform and restructuring of the security sector; \\n legislation, decree(s) or executive order(s) establishing the national institutional frame- work for planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the DDR process. This legislation should include articles or separate instruments relating to: \\n\\n a national political body representing different parties to the process, ministries responsible for the programme and civil society. This legal instrument should establish the body\u2019s mandate for political coordination, policy direction and general oversight of the DDR programme. It should also establish the specific composi- tion of the body, frequency of meetings, responsible authority (usually the prime minister or president) and reporting lines to technical coordination and implemen- tation mechanisms; \\n\\n a technical planning and coordination body responsible for the technical design and implementation of the DDR programme. This legal instrument should specify the body\u2019s different technical units\/directions and overall management structure, as well as functional links to implementation mechanisms; \\n\\n operational and implementation mechanisms at national, provincial and local levels. Legal provisions should specify the institutions, international and local partners responsible for delivering different components of the DDR programme. It should also define financial management and reporting structures within the national programme; \\n\\n an institution or unit responsible for the financial management and oversight of the DDR programme, funds received from national accounts, bilateral and multi- lateral donors, and contracts and procurement. This unit may be housed within a national institution or entrusted to an international partner. Often a joint national\u2013 international management and oversight system is established, particularly where donor funds are being received.The national DDR programme itself should be formally approved or adopted through legislation, executive order or decree. Programme principles and policies regarding eligi- bility criteria, definition of target groups, benefits structures and time-frame, as well as pro- gramme integration within other processes such as security sector reform (SSR), transitional justice and election timetables, should be identified through this process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":634, "Sentence":"In addition to the provisions of the peace accord, national authorities should develop legal instruments (legislation, decree[s] or executive order[s]) that establish the appropriate legal framework for DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR addition provision peace accord national authority develop legal instrument legislation decree executive order establish appropriate legal framework ddr ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. National legislative framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In addition to the provisions of the peace accord, national authorities should develop legal instruments (legislation, decree[s] or executive order[s]) that establish the appropriate legal framework for DDR. These should include, but are not limited to, the following: \\n a letter of demobilization policy, which establishes the intent of national authorities to carry out a process of demobilization and reduction of armed forces and groups, indi- cating the total numbers to be demobilized, how this process will be carried out and under whose authority, and links to other national processes, particularly the reform and restructuring of the security sector; \\n legislation, decree(s) or executive order(s) establishing the national institutional frame- work for planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the DDR process. This legislation should include articles or separate instruments relating to: \\n\\n a national political body representing different parties to the process, ministries responsible for the programme and civil society. This legal instrument should establish the body\u2019s mandate for political coordination, policy direction and general oversight of the DDR programme. It should also establish the specific composi- tion of the body, frequency of meetings, responsible authority (usually the prime minister or president) and reporting lines to technical coordination and implemen- tation mechanisms; \\n\\n a technical planning and coordination body responsible for the technical design and implementation of the DDR programme. This legal instrument should specify the body\u2019s different technical units\/directions and overall management structure, as well as functional links to implementation mechanisms; \\n\\n operational and implementation mechanisms at national, provincial and local levels. Legal provisions should specify the institutions, international and local partners responsible for delivering different components of the DDR programme. It should also define financial management and reporting structures within the national programme; \\n\\n an institution or unit responsible for the financial management and oversight of the DDR programme, funds received from national accounts, bilateral and multi- lateral donors, and contracts and procurement. This unit may be housed within a national institution or entrusted to an international partner. Often a joint national\u2013 international management and oversight system is established, particularly where donor funds are being received.The national DDR programme itself should be formally approved or adopted through legislation, executive order or decree. Programme principles and policies regarding eligi- bility criteria, definition of target groups, benefits structures and time-frame, as well as pro- gramme integration within other processes such as security sector reform (SSR), transitional justice and election timetables, should be identified through this process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":634, "Sentence":"These should include, but are not limited to, the following: \\n a letter of demobilization policy, which establishes the intent of national authorities to carry out a process of demobilization and reduction of armed forces and groups, indi- cating the total numbers to be demobilized, how this process will be carried out and under whose authority, and links to other national processes, particularly the reform and restructuring of the security sector; \\n legislation, decree(s) or executive order(s) establishing the national institutional frame- work for planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR include limited following n letter demobilization policy establishes intent national authority carry process demobilization reduction armed force group indi cating total number demobilized process carried whose authority link national process particularly reform restructuring security sector n legislation decree executive order establishing national institutional frame work planning implementing monitoring evaluating ddr process ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. National legislative framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In addition to the provisions of the peace accord, national authorities should develop legal instruments (legislation, decree[s] or executive order[s]) that establish the appropriate legal framework for DDR. These should include, but are not limited to, the following: \\n a letter of demobilization policy, which establishes the intent of national authorities to carry out a process of demobilization and reduction of armed forces and groups, indi- cating the total numbers to be demobilized, how this process will be carried out and under whose authority, and links to other national processes, particularly the reform and restructuring of the security sector; \\n legislation, decree(s) or executive order(s) establishing the national institutional frame- work for planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the DDR process. This legislation should include articles or separate instruments relating to: \\n\\n a national political body representing different parties to the process, ministries responsible for the programme and civil society. This legal instrument should establish the body\u2019s mandate for political coordination, policy direction and general oversight of the DDR programme. It should also establish the specific composi- tion of the body, frequency of meetings, responsible authority (usually the prime minister or president) and reporting lines to technical coordination and implemen- tation mechanisms; \\n\\n a technical planning and coordination body responsible for the technical design and implementation of the DDR programme. This legal instrument should specify the body\u2019s different technical units\/directions and overall management structure, as well as functional links to implementation mechanisms; \\n\\n operational and implementation mechanisms at national, provincial and local levels. Legal provisions should specify the institutions, international and local partners responsible for delivering different components of the DDR programme. It should also define financial management and reporting structures within the national programme; \\n\\n an institution or unit responsible for the financial management and oversight of the DDR programme, funds received from national accounts, bilateral and multi- lateral donors, and contracts and procurement. This unit may be housed within a national institution or entrusted to an international partner. Often a joint national\u2013 international management and oversight system is established, particularly where donor funds are being received.The national DDR programme itself should be formally approved or adopted through legislation, executive order or decree. Programme principles and policies regarding eligi- bility criteria, definition of target groups, benefits structures and time-frame, as well as pro- gramme integration within other processes such as security sector reform (SSR), transitional justice and election timetables, should be identified through this process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":634, "Sentence":"This legislation should include articles or separate instruments relating to: \\n\\n a national political body representing different parties to the process, ministries responsible for the programme and civil society.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR legislation include article separate instrument relating nn national political body representing different party process ministry responsible programme civil society ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. National legislative framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In addition to the provisions of the peace accord, national authorities should develop legal instruments (legislation, decree[s] or executive order[s]) that establish the appropriate legal framework for DDR. These should include, but are not limited to, the following: \\n a letter of demobilization policy, which establishes the intent of national authorities to carry out a process of demobilization and reduction of armed forces and groups, indi- cating the total numbers to be demobilized, how this process will be carried out and under whose authority, and links to other national processes, particularly the reform and restructuring of the security sector; \\n legislation, decree(s) or executive order(s) establishing the national institutional frame- work for planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the DDR process. This legislation should include articles or separate instruments relating to: \\n\\n a national political body representing different parties to the process, ministries responsible for the programme and civil society. This legal instrument should establish the body\u2019s mandate for political coordination, policy direction and general oversight of the DDR programme. It should also establish the specific composi- tion of the body, frequency of meetings, responsible authority (usually the prime minister or president) and reporting lines to technical coordination and implemen- tation mechanisms; \\n\\n a technical planning and coordination body responsible for the technical design and implementation of the DDR programme. This legal instrument should specify the body\u2019s different technical units\/directions and overall management structure, as well as functional links to implementation mechanisms; \\n\\n operational and implementation mechanisms at national, provincial and local levels. Legal provisions should specify the institutions, international and local partners responsible for delivering different components of the DDR programme. It should also define financial management and reporting structures within the national programme; \\n\\n an institution or unit responsible for the financial management and oversight of the DDR programme, funds received from national accounts, bilateral and multi- lateral donors, and contracts and procurement. This unit may be housed within a national institution or entrusted to an international partner. Often a joint national\u2013 international management and oversight system is established, particularly where donor funds are being received.The national DDR programme itself should be formally approved or adopted through legislation, executive order or decree. Programme principles and policies regarding eligi- bility criteria, definition of target groups, benefits structures and time-frame, as well as pro- gramme integration within other processes such as security sector reform (SSR), transitional justice and election timetables, should be identified through this process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":634, "Sentence":"This legal instrument should establish the body\u2019s mandate for political coordination, policy direction and general oversight of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR legal instrument establish body \u2019 mandate political coordination policy direction general oversight ddr programme ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. National legislative framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In addition to the provisions of the peace accord, national authorities should develop legal instruments (legislation, decree[s] or executive order[s]) that establish the appropriate legal framework for DDR. These should include, but are not limited to, the following: \\n a letter of demobilization policy, which establishes the intent of national authorities to carry out a process of demobilization and reduction of armed forces and groups, indi- cating the total numbers to be demobilized, how this process will be carried out and under whose authority, and links to other national processes, particularly the reform and restructuring of the security sector; \\n legislation, decree(s) or executive order(s) establishing the national institutional frame- work for planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the DDR process. This legislation should include articles or separate instruments relating to: \\n\\n a national political body representing different parties to the process, ministries responsible for the programme and civil society. This legal instrument should establish the body\u2019s mandate for political coordination, policy direction and general oversight of the DDR programme. It should also establish the specific composi- tion of the body, frequency of meetings, responsible authority (usually the prime minister or president) and reporting lines to technical coordination and implemen- tation mechanisms; \\n\\n a technical planning and coordination body responsible for the technical design and implementation of the DDR programme. This legal instrument should specify the body\u2019s different technical units\/directions and overall management structure, as well as functional links to implementation mechanisms; \\n\\n operational and implementation mechanisms at national, provincial and local levels. Legal provisions should specify the institutions, international and local partners responsible for delivering different components of the DDR programme. It should also define financial management and reporting structures within the national programme; \\n\\n an institution or unit responsible for the financial management and oversight of the DDR programme, funds received from national accounts, bilateral and multi- lateral donors, and contracts and procurement. This unit may be housed within a national institution or entrusted to an international partner. Often a joint national\u2013 international management and oversight system is established, particularly where donor funds are being received.The national DDR programme itself should be formally approved or adopted through legislation, executive order or decree. Programme principles and policies regarding eligi- bility criteria, definition of target groups, benefits structures and time-frame, as well as pro- gramme integration within other processes such as security sector reform (SSR), transitional justice and election timetables, should be identified through this process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":634, "Sentence":"It should also establish the specific composi- tion of the body, frequency of meetings, responsible authority (usually the prime minister or president) and reporting lines to technical coordination and implemen- tation mechanisms; \\n\\n a technical planning and coordination body responsible for the technical design and implementation of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR also establish specific composi tion body frequency meeting responsible authority usually prime minister president reporting line technical coordination implemen tation mechanism nn technical planning coordination body responsible technical design implementation ddr programme ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. National legislative framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In addition to the provisions of the peace accord, national authorities should develop legal instruments (legislation, decree[s] or executive order[s]) that establish the appropriate legal framework for DDR. These should include, but are not limited to, the following: \\n a letter of demobilization policy, which establishes the intent of national authorities to carry out a process of demobilization and reduction of armed forces and groups, indi- cating the total numbers to be demobilized, how this process will be carried out and under whose authority, and links to other national processes, particularly the reform and restructuring of the security sector; \\n legislation, decree(s) or executive order(s) establishing the national institutional frame- work for planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the DDR process. This legislation should include articles or separate instruments relating to: \\n\\n a national political body representing different parties to the process, ministries responsible for the programme and civil society. This legal instrument should establish the body\u2019s mandate for political coordination, policy direction and general oversight of the DDR programme. It should also establish the specific composi- tion of the body, frequency of meetings, responsible authority (usually the prime minister or president) and reporting lines to technical coordination and implemen- tation mechanisms; \\n\\n a technical planning and coordination body responsible for the technical design and implementation of the DDR programme. This legal instrument should specify the body\u2019s different technical units\/directions and overall management structure, as well as functional links to implementation mechanisms; \\n\\n operational and implementation mechanisms at national, provincial and local levels. Legal provisions should specify the institutions, international and local partners responsible for delivering different components of the DDR programme. It should also define financial management and reporting structures within the national programme; \\n\\n an institution or unit responsible for the financial management and oversight of the DDR programme, funds received from national accounts, bilateral and multi- lateral donors, and contracts and procurement. This unit may be housed within a national institution or entrusted to an international partner. Often a joint national\u2013 international management and oversight system is established, particularly where donor funds are being received.The national DDR programme itself should be formally approved or adopted through legislation, executive order or decree. Programme principles and policies regarding eligi- bility criteria, definition of target groups, benefits structures and time-frame, as well as pro- gramme integration within other processes such as security sector reform (SSR), transitional justice and election timetables, should be identified through this process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":634, "Sentence":"This legal instrument should specify the body\u2019s different technical units\/directions and overall management structure, as well as functional links to implementation mechanisms; \\n\\n operational and implementation mechanisms at national, provincial and local levels.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR legal instrument specify body \u2019 different technical units\/directions overall management structure well functional link implementation mechanism nn operational implementation mechanism national provincial local level ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. National legislative framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In addition to the provisions of the peace accord, national authorities should develop legal instruments (legislation, decree[s] or executive order[s]) that establish the appropriate legal framework for DDR. These should include, but are not limited to, the following: \\n a letter of demobilization policy, which establishes the intent of national authorities to carry out a process of demobilization and reduction of armed forces and groups, indi- cating the total numbers to be demobilized, how this process will be carried out and under whose authority, and links to other national processes, particularly the reform and restructuring of the security sector; \\n legislation, decree(s) or executive order(s) establishing the national institutional frame- work for planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the DDR process. This legislation should include articles or separate instruments relating to: \\n\\n a national political body representing different parties to the process, ministries responsible for the programme and civil society. This legal instrument should establish the body\u2019s mandate for political coordination, policy direction and general oversight of the DDR programme. It should also establish the specific composi- tion of the body, frequency of meetings, responsible authority (usually the prime minister or president) and reporting lines to technical coordination and implemen- tation mechanisms; \\n\\n a technical planning and coordination body responsible for the technical design and implementation of the DDR programme. This legal instrument should specify the body\u2019s different technical units\/directions and overall management structure, as well as functional links to implementation mechanisms; \\n\\n operational and implementation mechanisms at national, provincial and local levels. Legal provisions should specify the institutions, international and local partners responsible for delivering different components of the DDR programme. It should also define financial management and reporting structures within the national programme; \\n\\n an institution or unit responsible for the financial management and oversight of the DDR programme, funds received from national accounts, bilateral and multi- lateral donors, and contracts and procurement. This unit may be housed within a national institution or entrusted to an international partner. Often a joint national\u2013 international management and oversight system is established, particularly where donor funds are being received.The national DDR programme itself should be formally approved or adopted through legislation, executive order or decree. Programme principles and policies regarding eligi- bility criteria, definition of target groups, benefits structures and time-frame, as well as pro- gramme integration within other processes such as security sector reform (SSR), transitional justice and election timetables, should be identified through this process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":634, "Sentence":"Legal provisions should specify the institutions, international and local partners responsible for delivering different components of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR legal provision specify institution international local partner responsible delivering different component ddr programme ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. National legislative framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In addition to the provisions of the peace accord, national authorities should develop legal instruments (legislation, decree[s] or executive order[s]) that establish the appropriate legal framework for DDR. These should include, but are not limited to, the following: \\n a letter of demobilization policy, which establishes the intent of national authorities to carry out a process of demobilization and reduction of armed forces and groups, indi- cating the total numbers to be demobilized, how this process will be carried out and under whose authority, and links to other national processes, particularly the reform and restructuring of the security sector; \\n legislation, decree(s) or executive order(s) establishing the national institutional frame- work for planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the DDR process. This legislation should include articles or separate instruments relating to: \\n\\n a national political body representing different parties to the process, ministries responsible for the programme and civil society. This legal instrument should establish the body\u2019s mandate for political coordination, policy direction and general oversight of the DDR programme. It should also establish the specific composi- tion of the body, frequency of meetings, responsible authority (usually the prime minister or president) and reporting lines to technical coordination and implemen- tation mechanisms; \\n\\n a technical planning and coordination body responsible for the technical design and implementation of the DDR programme. This legal instrument should specify the body\u2019s different technical units\/directions and overall management structure, as well as functional links to implementation mechanisms; \\n\\n operational and implementation mechanisms at national, provincial and local levels. Legal provisions should specify the institutions, international and local partners responsible for delivering different components of the DDR programme. It should also define financial management and reporting structures within the national programme; \\n\\n an institution or unit responsible for the financial management and oversight of the DDR programme, funds received from national accounts, bilateral and multi- lateral donors, and contracts and procurement. This unit may be housed within a national institution or entrusted to an international partner. Often a joint national\u2013 international management and oversight system is established, particularly where donor funds are being received.The national DDR programme itself should be formally approved or adopted through legislation, executive order or decree. Programme principles and policies regarding eligi- bility criteria, definition of target groups, benefits structures and time-frame, as well as pro- gramme integration within other processes such as security sector reform (SSR), transitional justice and election timetables, should be identified through this process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":634, "Sentence":"It should also define financial management and reporting structures within the national programme; \\n\\n an institution or unit responsible for the financial management and oversight of the DDR programme, funds received from national accounts, bilateral and multi- lateral donors, and contracts and procurement.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR also define financial management reporting structure within national programme nn institution unit responsible financial management oversight ddr programme fund received national account bilateral multi lateral donor contract procurement ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. National legislative framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In addition to the provisions of the peace accord, national authorities should develop legal instruments (legislation, decree[s] or executive order[s]) that establish the appropriate legal framework for DDR. These should include, but are not limited to, the following: \\n a letter of demobilization policy, which establishes the intent of national authorities to carry out a process of demobilization and reduction of armed forces and groups, indi- cating the total numbers to be demobilized, how this process will be carried out and under whose authority, and links to other national processes, particularly the reform and restructuring of the security sector; \\n legislation, decree(s) or executive order(s) establishing the national institutional frame- work for planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the DDR process. This legislation should include articles or separate instruments relating to: \\n\\n a national political body representing different parties to the process, ministries responsible for the programme and civil society. This legal instrument should establish the body\u2019s mandate for political coordination, policy direction and general oversight of the DDR programme. It should also establish the specific composi- tion of the body, frequency of meetings, responsible authority (usually the prime minister or president) and reporting lines to technical coordination and implemen- tation mechanisms; \\n\\n a technical planning and coordination body responsible for the technical design and implementation of the DDR programme. This legal instrument should specify the body\u2019s different technical units\/directions and overall management structure, as well as functional links to implementation mechanisms; \\n\\n operational and implementation mechanisms at national, provincial and local levels. Legal provisions should specify the institutions, international and local partners responsible for delivering different components of the DDR programme. It should also define financial management and reporting structures within the national programme; \\n\\n an institution or unit responsible for the financial management and oversight of the DDR programme, funds received from national accounts, bilateral and multi- lateral donors, and contracts and procurement. This unit may be housed within a national institution or entrusted to an international partner. Often a joint national\u2013 international management and oversight system is established, particularly where donor funds are being received.The national DDR programme itself should be formally approved or adopted through legislation, executive order or decree. Programme principles and policies regarding eligi- bility criteria, definition of target groups, benefits structures and time-frame, as well as pro- gramme integration within other processes such as security sector reform (SSR), transitional justice and election timetables, should be identified through this process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":634, "Sentence":"This unit may be housed within a national institution or entrusted to an international partner.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR unit may housed within national institution entrusted international partner ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. National legislative framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In addition to the provisions of the peace accord, national authorities should develop legal instruments (legislation, decree[s] or executive order[s]) that establish the appropriate legal framework for DDR. These should include, but are not limited to, the following: \\n a letter of demobilization policy, which establishes the intent of national authorities to carry out a process of demobilization and reduction of armed forces and groups, indi- cating the total numbers to be demobilized, how this process will be carried out and under whose authority, and links to other national processes, particularly the reform and restructuring of the security sector; \\n legislation, decree(s) or executive order(s) establishing the national institutional frame- work for planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the DDR process. This legislation should include articles or separate instruments relating to: \\n\\n a national political body representing different parties to the process, ministries responsible for the programme and civil society. This legal instrument should establish the body\u2019s mandate for political coordination, policy direction and general oversight of the DDR programme. It should also establish the specific composi- tion of the body, frequency of meetings, responsible authority (usually the prime minister or president) and reporting lines to technical coordination and implemen- tation mechanisms; \\n\\n a technical planning and coordination body responsible for the technical design and implementation of the DDR programme. This legal instrument should specify the body\u2019s different technical units\/directions and overall management structure, as well as functional links to implementation mechanisms; \\n\\n operational and implementation mechanisms at national, provincial and local levels. Legal provisions should specify the institutions, international and local partners responsible for delivering different components of the DDR programme. It should also define financial management and reporting structures within the national programme; \\n\\n an institution or unit responsible for the financial management and oversight of the DDR programme, funds received from national accounts, bilateral and multi- lateral donors, and contracts and procurement. This unit may be housed within a national institution or entrusted to an international partner. Often a joint national\u2013 international management and oversight system is established, particularly where donor funds are being received.The national DDR programme itself should be formally approved or adopted through legislation, executive order or decree. Programme principles and policies regarding eligi- bility criteria, definition of target groups, benefits structures and time-frame, as well as pro- gramme integration within other processes such as security sector reform (SSR), transitional justice and election timetables, should be identified through this process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":634, "Sentence":"Often a joint national\u2013 international management and oversight system is established, particularly where donor funds are being received.The national DDR programme itself should be formally approved or adopted through legislation, executive order or decree.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR often joint national\u2013 international management oversight system established particularly donor fund received.the national ddr programme formally approved adopted legislation executive order decree ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. National legislative framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In addition to the provisions of the peace accord, national authorities should develop legal instruments (legislation, decree[s] or executive order[s]) that establish the appropriate legal framework for DDR. These should include, but are not limited to, the following: \\n a letter of demobilization policy, which establishes the intent of national authorities to carry out a process of demobilization and reduction of armed forces and groups, indi- cating the total numbers to be demobilized, how this process will be carried out and under whose authority, and links to other national processes, particularly the reform and restructuring of the security sector; \\n legislation, decree(s) or executive order(s) establishing the national institutional frame- work for planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the DDR process. This legislation should include articles or separate instruments relating to: \\n\\n a national political body representing different parties to the process, ministries responsible for the programme and civil society. This legal instrument should establish the body\u2019s mandate for political coordination, policy direction and general oversight of the DDR programme. It should also establish the specific composi- tion of the body, frequency of meetings, responsible authority (usually the prime minister or president) and reporting lines to technical coordination and implemen- tation mechanisms; \\n\\n a technical planning and coordination body responsible for the technical design and implementation of the DDR programme. This legal instrument should specify the body\u2019s different technical units\/directions and overall management structure, as well as functional links to implementation mechanisms; \\n\\n operational and implementation mechanisms at national, provincial and local levels. Legal provisions should specify the institutions, international and local partners responsible for delivering different components of the DDR programme. It should also define financial management and reporting structures within the national programme; \\n\\n an institution or unit responsible for the financial management and oversight of the DDR programme, funds received from national accounts, bilateral and multi- lateral donors, and contracts and procurement. This unit may be housed within a national institution or entrusted to an international partner. Often a joint national\u2013 international management and oversight system is established, particularly where donor funds are being received.The national DDR programme itself should be formally approved or adopted through legislation, executive order or decree. Programme principles and policies regarding eligi- bility criteria, definition of target groups, benefits structures and time-frame, as well as pro- gramme integration within other processes such as security sector reform (SSR), transitional justice and election timetables, should be identified through this process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":634, "Sentence":"Programme principles and policies regarding eligi- bility criteria, definition of target groups, benefits structures and time-frame, as well as pro- gramme integration within other processes such as security sector reform (SSR), transitional justice and election timetables, should be identified through this process.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR programme principle policy regarding eligi bility criterion definition target group benefit structure timeframe well pro gramme integration within process security sector reform ssr transitional justice election timetable identified process ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR is a component of larger peace-building and recovery strategies. For this reason, na- tional DDR efforts should be linked with other national initiatives and processes, including SSR, transitional justice mechanisms, the electoral process, economic reconstruction and recovery (also see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks and IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":635, "Sentence":"DDR is a component of larger peace-building and recovery strategies.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR ddr component larger peacebuilding recovery strategy ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR is a component of larger peace-building and recovery strategies. For this reason, na- tional DDR efforts should be linked with other national initiatives and processes, including SSR, transitional justice mechanisms, the electoral process, economic reconstruction and recovery (also see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks and IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":635, "Sentence":"For this reason, na- tional DDR efforts should be linked with other national initiatives and processes, including SSR, transitional justice mechanisms, the electoral process, economic reconstruction and recovery (also see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks and IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR reason na tional ddr effort linked national initiative process including ssr transitional justice mechanism electoral process economic reconstruction recovery also see iddrs 2.20 postconflict stabilization peacebuilding recovery framework iddrs 2.30 participant beneficiary partner ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.1. Transitional justice and amnesty provisions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Through the establishment of amnesties and transitional justice programmes, as part of the broader peace-building process, parties attempt to deal with crimes and violations in the conflict period, while promoting reconciliation and drawing a line between the period of conflict and a more peaceful future. Transitional justice processes vary widely from place to place, depending on the historical circumstances and root causes of the conflict. They try to balance justice and truth with national reconciliation, and may include amnesty provisions for those involved in political and armed struggles. Generally, truth commissions are tem- porary fact-finding bodies that investigate human rights abuses within a certain period, and they present findings and recommendations to the government. They assist post-conflict communities to establish facts about what went on during the conflict period. Some truth commissions include a reconciliation component to support dialogue between factions within the community.In addition to national efforts, international criminal tribunals may be established to prosecute and hold accountable people who committed serious crimes. While national justice systems may also wish to prosecute wrongdoers, they may not be capable of doing so, owing to lack of capacity or will.During the negotiation of peace accords and political agreements, parties may make their involvement in DDR programmes conditional on the provision of amnesties for carry- ing weapons or less serious crimes. These amnesties will generally absolve (pardon) parti- cipants who conducted a political and armed struggle, and free them from prosecution. While amnesties may be agreed for violations of national law, the UN system is obliged to uphold the principles of international law, and shall therefore not support DDR processes that do not properly deal with serious violations such as genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity.1 However, the UN should support the establishment of transitional justice processes to properly deal with such violations. Proper links should be created with DDR and the broader SSR process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":636, "Sentence":"Through the establishment of amnesties and transitional justice programmes, as part of the broader peace-building process, parties attempt to deal with crimes and violations in the conflict period, while promoting reconciliation and drawing a line between the period of conflict and a more peaceful future.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR establishment amnesty transitional justice programme part broader peacebuilding process party attempt deal crime violation conflict period promoting reconciliation drawing line period conflict peaceful future ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.1. Transitional justice and amnesty provisions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Through the establishment of amnesties and transitional justice programmes, as part of the broader peace-building process, parties attempt to deal with crimes and violations in the conflict period, while promoting reconciliation and drawing a line between the period of conflict and a more peaceful future. Transitional justice processes vary widely from place to place, depending on the historical circumstances and root causes of the conflict. They try to balance justice and truth with national reconciliation, and may include amnesty provisions for those involved in political and armed struggles. Generally, truth commissions are tem- porary fact-finding bodies that investigate human rights abuses within a certain period, and they present findings and recommendations to the government. They assist post-conflict communities to establish facts about what went on during the conflict period. Some truth commissions include a reconciliation component to support dialogue between factions within the community.In addition to national efforts, international criminal tribunals may be established to prosecute and hold accountable people who committed serious crimes. While national justice systems may also wish to prosecute wrongdoers, they may not be capable of doing so, owing to lack of capacity or will.During the negotiation of peace accords and political agreements, parties may make their involvement in DDR programmes conditional on the provision of amnesties for carry- ing weapons or less serious crimes. These amnesties will generally absolve (pardon) parti- cipants who conducted a political and armed struggle, and free them from prosecution. While amnesties may be agreed for violations of national law, the UN system is obliged to uphold the principles of international law, and shall therefore not support DDR processes that do not properly deal with serious violations such as genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity.1 However, the UN should support the establishment of transitional justice processes to properly deal with such violations. Proper links should be created with DDR and the broader SSR process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":636, "Sentence":"Transitional justice processes vary widely from place to place, depending on the historical circumstances and root causes of the conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR transitional justice process vary widely place place depending historical circumstance root cause conflict ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.1. Transitional justice and amnesty provisions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Through the establishment of amnesties and transitional justice programmes, as part of the broader peace-building process, parties attempt to deal with crimes and violations in the conflict period, while promoting reconciliation and drawing a line between the period of conflict and a more peaceful future. Transitional justice processes vary widely from place to place, depending on the historical circumstances and root causes of the conflict. They try to balance justice and truth with national reconciliation, and may include amnesty provisions for those involved in political and armed struggles. Generally, truth commissions are tem- porary fact-finding bodies that investigate human rights abuses within a certain period, and they present findings and recommendations to the government. They assist post-conflict communities to establish facts about what went on during the conflict period. Some truth commissions include a reconciliation component to support dialogue between factions within the community.In addition to national efforts, international criminal tribunals may be established to prosecute and hold accountable people who committed serious crimes. While national justice systems may also wish to prosecute wrongdoers, they may not be capable of doing so, owing to lack of capacity or will.During the negotiation of peace accords and political agreements, parties may make their involvement in DDR programmes conditional on the provision of amnesties for carry- ing weapons or less serious crimes. These amnesties will generally absolve (pardon) parti- cipants who conducted a political and armed struggle, and free them from prosecution. While amnesties may be agreed for violations of national law, the UN system is obliged to uphold the principles of international law, and shall therefore not support DDR processes that do not properly deal with serious violations such as genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity.1 However, the UN should support the establishment of transitional justice processes to properly deal with such violations. Proper links should be created with DDR and the broader SSR process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":636, "Sentence":"They try to balance justice and truth with national reconciliation, and may include amnesty provisions for those involved in political and armed struggles.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR try balance justice truth national reconciliation may include amnesty provision involved political armed struggle ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.1. Transitional justice and amnesty provisions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Through the establishment of amnesties and transitional justice programmes, as part of the broader peace-building process, parties attempt to deal with crimes and violations in the conflict period, while promoting reconciliation and drawing a line between the period of conflict and a more peaceful future. Transitional justice processes vary widely from place to place, depending on the historical circumstances and root causes of the conflict. They try to balance justice and truth with national reconciliation, and may include amnesty provisions for those involved in political and armed struggles. Generally, truth commissions are tem- porary fact-finding bodies that investigate human rights abuses within a certain period, and they present findings and recommendations to the government. They assist post-conflict communities to establish facts about what went on during the conflict period. Some truth commissions include a reconciliation component to support dialogue between factions within the community.In addition to national efforts, international criminal tribunals may be established to prosecute and hold accountable people who committed serious crimes. While national justice systems may also wish to prosecute wrongdoers, they may not be capable of doing so, owing to lack of capacity or will.During the negotiation of peace accords and political agreements, parties may make their involvement in DDR programmes conditional on the provision of amnesties for carry- ing weapons or less serious crimes. These amnesties will generally absolve (pardon) parti- cipants who conducted a political and armed struggle, and free them from prosecution. While amnesties may be agreed for violations of national law, the UN system is obliged to uphold the principles of international law, and shall therefore not support DDR processes that do not properly deal with serious violations such as genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity.1 However, the UN should support the establishment of transitional justice processes to properly deal with such violations. Proper links should be created with DDR and the broader SSR process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":636, "Sentence":"Generally, truth commissions are tem- porary fact-finding bodies that investigate human rights abuses within a certain period, and they present findings and recommendations to the government.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR generally truth commission tem porary factfinding body investigate human right abuse within certain period present finding recommendation government ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.1. Transitional justice and amnesty provisions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Through the establishment of amnesties and transitional justice programmes, as part of the broader peace-building process, parties attempt to deal with crimes and violations in the conflict period, while promoting reconciliation and drawing a line between the period of conflict and a more peaceful future. Transitional justice processes vary widely from place to place, depending on the historical circumstances and root causes of the conflict. They try to balance justice and truth with national reconciliation, and may include amnesty provisions for those involved in political and armed struggles. Generally, truth commissions are tem- porary fact-finding bodies that investigate human rights abuses within a certain period, and they present findings and recommendations to the government. They assist post-conflict communities to establish facts about what went on during the conflict period. Some truth commissions include a reconciliation component to support dialogue between factions within the community.In addition to national efforts, international criminal tribunals may be established to prosecute and hold accountable people who committed serious crimes. While national justice systems may also wish to prosecute wrongdoers, they may not be capable of doing so, owing to lack of capacity or will.During the negotiation of peace accords and political agreements, parties may make their involvement in DDR programmes conditional on the provision of amnesties for carry- ing weapons or less serious crimes. These amnesties will generally absolve (pardon) parti- cipants who conducted a political and armed struggle, and free them from prosecution. While amnesties may be agreed for violations of national law, the UN system is obliged to uphold the principles of international law, and shall therefore not support DDR processes that do not properly deal with serious violations such as genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity.1 However, the UN should support the establishment of transitional justice processes to properly deal with such violations. Proper links should be created with DDR and the broader SSR process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":636, "Sentence":"They assist post-conflict communities to establish facts about what went on during the conflict period.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR assist postconflict community establish fact went conflict period ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.1. Transitional justice and amnesty provisions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Through the establishment of amnesties and transitional justice programmes, as part of the broader peace-building process, parties attempt to deal with crimes and violations in the conflict period, while promoting reconciliation and drawing a line between the period of conflict and a more peaceful future. Transitional justice processes vary widely from place to place, depending on the historical circumstances and root causes of the conflict. They try to balance justice and truth with national reconciliation, and may include amnesty provisions for those involved in political and armed struggles. Generally, truth commissions are tem- porary fact-finding bodies that investigate human rights abuses within a certain period, and they present findings and recommendations to the government. They assist post-conflict communities to establish facts about what went on during the conflict period. Some truth commissions include a reconciliation component to support dialogue between factions within the community.In addition to national efforts, international criminal tribunals may be established to prosecute and hold accountable people who committed serious crimes. While national justice systems may also wish to prosecute wrongdoers, they may not be capable of doing so, owing to lack of capacity or will.During the negotiation of peace accords and political agreements, parties may make their involvement in DDR programmes conditional on the provision of amnesties for carry- ing weapons or less serious crimes. These amnesties will generally absolve (pardon) parti- cipants who conducted a political and armed struggle, and free them from prosecution. While amnesties may be agreed for violations of national law, the UN system is obliged to uphold the principles of international law, and shall therefore not support DDR processes that do not properly deal with serious violations such as genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity.1 However, the UN should support the establishment of transitional justice processes to properly deal with such violations. Proper links should be created with DDR and the broader SSR process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":636, "Sentence":"Some truth commissions include a reconciliation component to support dialogue between factions within the community.In addition to national efforts, international criminal tribunals may be established to prosecute and hold accountable people who committed serious crimes.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR truth commission include reconciliation component support dialogue faction within community.in addition national effort international criminal tribunal may established prosecute hold accountable people committed serious crime ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.1. Transitional justice and amnesty provisions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Through the establishment of amnesties and transitional justice programmes, as part of the broader peace-building process, parties attempt to deal with crimes and violations in the conflict period, while promoting reconciliation and drawing a line between the period of conflict and a more peaceful future. Transitional justice processes vary widely from place to place, depending on the historical circumstances and root causes of the conflict. They try to balance justice and truth with national reconciliation, and may include amnesty provisions for those involved in political and armed struggles. Generally, truth commissions are tem- porary fact-finding bodies that investigate human rights abuses within a certain period, and they present findings and recommendations to the government. They assist post-conflict communities to establish facts about what went on during the conflict period. Some truth commissions include a reconciliation component to support dialogue between factions within the community.In addition to national efforts, international criminal tribunals may be established to prosecute and hold accountable people who committed serious crimes. While national justice systems may also wish to prosecute wrongdoers, they may not be capable of doing so, owing to lack of capacity or will.During the negotiation of peace accords and political agreements, parties may make their involvement in DDR programmes conditional on the provision of amnesties for carry- ing weapons or less serious crimes. These amnesties will generally absolve (pardon) parti- cipants who conducted a political and armed struggle, and free them from prosecution. While amnesties may be agreed for violations of national law, the UN system is obliged to uphold the principles of international law, and shall therefore not support DDR processes that do not properly deal with serious violations such as genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity.1 However, the UN should support the establishment of transitional justice processes to properly deal with such violations. Proper links should be created with DDR and the broader SSR process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":636, "Sentence":"While national justice systems may also wish to prosecute wrongdoers, they may not be capable of doing so, owing to lack of capacity or will.During the negotiation of peace accords and political agreements, parties may make their involvement in DDR programmes conditional on the provision of amnesties for carry- ing weapons or less serious crimes.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR national justice system may also wish prosecute wrongdoer may capable owing lack capacity will.during negotiation peace accord political agreement party may make involvement ddr programme conditional provision amnesty carry ing weapon le serious crime ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.1. Transitional justice and amnesty provisions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Through the establishment of amnesties and transitional justice programmes, as part of the broader peace-building process, parties attempt to deal with crimes and violations in the conflict period, while promoting reconciliation and drawing a line between the period of conflict and a more peaceful future. Transitional justice processes vary widely from place to place, depending on the historical circumstances and root causes of the conflict. They try to balance justice and truth with national reconciliation, and may include amnesty provisions for those involved in political and armed struggles. Generally, truth commissions are tem- porary fact-finding bodies that investigate human rights abuses within a certain period, and they present findings and recommendations to the government. They assist post-conflict communities to establish facts about what went on during the conflict period. Some truth commissions include a reconciliation component to support dialogue between factions within the community.In addition to national efforts, international criminal tribunals may be established to prosecute and hold accountable people who committed serious crimes. While national justice systems may also wish to prosecute wrongdoers, they may not be capable of doing so, owing to lack of capacity or will.During the negotiation of peace accords and political agreements, parties may make their involvement in DDR programmes conditional on the provision of amnesties for carry- ing weapons or less serious crimes. These amnesties will generally absolve (pardon) parti- cipants who conducted a political and armed struggle, and free them from prosecution. While amnesties may be agreed for violations of national law, the UN system is obliged to uphold the principles of international law, and shall therefore not support DDR processes that do not properly deal with serious violations such as genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity.1 However, the UN should support the establishment of transitional justice processes to properly deal with such violations. Proper links should be created with DDR and the broader SSR process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":636, "Sentence":"These amnesties will generally absolve (pardon) parti- cipants who conducted a political and armed struggle, and free them from prosecution.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR amnesty generally absolve pardon parti cipants conducted political armed struggle free prosecution ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.1. Transitional justice and amnesty provisions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Through the establishment of amnesties and transitional justice programmes, as part of the broader peace-building process, parties attempt to deal with crimes and violations in the conflict period, while promoting reconciliation and drawing a line between the period of conflict and a more peaceful future. Transitional justice processes vary widely from place to place, depending on the historical circumstances and root causes of the conflict. They try to balance justice and truth with national reconciliation, and may include amnesty provisions for those involved in political and armed struggles. Generally, truth commissions are tem- porary fact-finding bodies that investigate human rights abuses within a certain period, and they present findings and recommendations to the government. They assist post-conflict communities to establish facts about what went on during the conflict period. Some truth commissions include a reconciliation component to support dialogue between factions within the community.In addition to national efforts, international criminal tribunals may be established to prosecute and hold accountable people who committed serious crimes. While national justice systems may also wish to prosecute wrongdoers, they may not be capable of doing so, owing to lack of capacity or will.During the negotiation of peace accords and political agreements, parties may make their involvement in DDR programmes conditional on the provision of amnesties for carry- ing weapons or less serious crimes. These amnesties will generally absolve (pardon) parti- cipants who conducted a political and armed struggle, and free them from prosecution. While amnesties may be agreed for violations of national law, the UN system is obliged to uphold the principles of international law, and shall therefore not support DDR processes that do not properly deal with serious violations such as genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity.1 However, the UN should support the establishment of transitional justice processes to properly deal with such violations. Proper links should be created with DDR and the broader SSR process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":636, "Sentence":"While amnesties may be agreed for violations of national law, the UN system is obliged to uphold the principles of international law, and shall therefore not support DDR processes that do not properly deal with serious violations such as genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity.1 However, the UN should support the establishment of transitional justice processes to properly deal with such violations.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR amnesty may agreed violation national law un system obliged uphold principle international law shall therefore support ddr process properly deal serious violation genocide war crime crime humanity.1 however un support establishment transitional justice process properly deal violation ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.1. Transitional justice and amnesty provisions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Through the establishment of amnesties and transitional justice programmes, as part of the broader peace-building process, parties attempt to deal with crimes and violations in the conflict period, while promoting reconciliation and drawing a line between the period of conflict and a more peaceful future. Transitional justice processes vary widely from place to place, depending on the historical circumstances and root causes of the conflict. They try to balance justice and truth with national reconciliation, and may include amnesty provisions for those involved in political and armed struggles. Generally, truth commissions are tem- porary fact-finding bodies that investigate human rights abuses within a certain period, and they present findings and recommendations to the government. They assist post-conflict communities to establish facts about what went on during the conflict period. Some truth commissions include a reconciliation component to support dialogue between factions within the community.In addition to national efforts, international criminal tribunals may be established to prosecute and hold accountable people who committed serious crimes. While national justice systems may also wish to prosecute wrongdoers, they may not be capable of doing so, owing to lack of capacity or will.During the negotiation of peace accords and political agreements, parties may make their involvement in DDR programmes conditional on the provision of amnesties for carry- ing weapons or less serious crimes. These amnesties will generally absolve (pardon) parti- cipants who conducted a political and armed struggle, and free them from prosecution. While amnesties may be agreed for violations of national law, the UN system is obliged to uphold the principles of international law, and shall therefore not support DDR processes that do not properly deal with serious violations such as genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity.1 However, the UN should support the establishment of transitional justice processes to properly deal with such violations. Proper links should be created with DDR and the broader SSR process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":636, "Sentence":"Proper links should be created with DDR and the broader SSR process.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR proper link created ddr broader ssr process ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.2. Citizenship and nationality laws", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"In conflicts where ethnicity, religion or other identities have been causes of the conflict, there are often questions of citizenship or nationality that need to be resolved as part of the peace process. The resolution of these issues are likely to affect parties\u2019 willingness to engage in other parts of the larger peace-building framework, including elections, DDR and the restructuring of security forces (also see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Population Movements).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":637, "Sentence":"In conflicts where ethnicity, religion or other identities have been causes of the conflict, there are often questions of citizenship or nationality that need to be resolved as part of the peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR conflict ethnicity religion identity cause conflict often question citizenship nationality need resolved part peace process ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.2. Citizenship and nationality laws", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"In conflicts where ethnicity, religion or other identities have been causes of the conflict, there are often questions of citizenship or nationality that need to be resolved as part of the peace process. The resolution of these issues are likely to affect parties\u2019 willingness to engage in other parts of the larger peace-building framework, including elections, DDR and the restructuring of security forces (also see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Population Movements).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":637, "Sentence":"The resolution of these issues are likely to affect parties\u2019 willingness to engage in other parts of the larger peace-building framework, including elections, DDR and the restructuring of security forces (also see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Population Movements).", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR resolution issue likely affect party \u2019 willingness engage part larger peacebuilding framework including election ddr restructuring security force also see iddrs 5.40 crossborder population movement ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.3. Citizenship and nationality laws", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A national legal regime for weapons control and management establishes conditions for the lawful acquisition, trade, possession and use of arms by state authorities and citizens. Provisional laws or decrees governing weapons control and management are often introduced during periods of post-conflict transition (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on SALW Control, Security and Development).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":638, "Sentence":"A national legal regime for weapons control and management establishes conditions for the lawful acquisition, trade, possession and use of arms by state authorities and citizens.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR national legal regime weapon control management establishes condition lawful acquisition trade possession use arm state authority citizen ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.3. Citizenship and nationality laws", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A national legal regime for weapons control and management establishes conditions for the lawful acquisition, trade, possession and use of arms by state authorities and citizens. Provisional laws or decrees governing weapons control and management are often introduced during periods of post-conflict transition (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on SALW Control, Security and Development).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":638, "Sentence":"Provisional laws or decrees governing weapons control and management are often introduced during periods of post-conflict transition (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on SALW Control, Security and Development).", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR provisional law decree governing weapon control management often introduced period postconflict transition also see iddrs 4.10 disarmament iddrs 4.11 salw control security development ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.4. Citizenship and nationality laws", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"According to the Secretary-General\u2019s report on The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Con\u00ad flict and Post\u00adConflict Societies, \u2018rule of law\u2019 refers to a \u201cprinciple of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities, public and private, including the State itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international human rights norms and standards. It requires, as well, measures to ensure adherence to the principles of supremacy of law, equality before the law, accountability to the law, fairness in the application of the law, separation of powers, participation in decision-making, legal certainty, avoidance of arbitrariness and procedural and legal transparency\u201d.However, the rule of law often breaks down during long periods of conflict; or a lack of justice, or manipulation of the justice system by authorities or political groups may be one of the causes of conflict. Some parties may be reluctant to participate in DDR when the rule of law has broken down and where their personal safety is not properly protected. Re-establishing the rule of law and carrying out justice reform are often essential aspects of a larger peace-building strategy. DDR should contribute to strengthening the rule of law by disarming armed forces and groups, who afterwards become subject to regular criminal justice systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":639, "Sentence":"According to the Secretary-General\u2019s report on The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Con\u00ad flict and Post\u00adConflict Societies, \u2018rule of law\u2019 refers to a \u201cprinciple of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities, public and private, including the State itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international human rights norms and standards.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR according secretarygeneral \u2019 report rule law transitional justice con\u00ad flict post\u00adconflict society \u2018 rule law \u2019 refers \u201c principle governance person institution entity public private including state accountable law publicly promulgated equally enforced independently adjudicated consistent international human right norm standard ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.4. Citizenship and nationality laws", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"According to the Secretary-General\u2019s report on The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Con\u00ad flict and Post\u00adConflict Societies, \u2018rule of law\u2019 refers to a \u201cprinciple of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities, public and private, including the State itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international human rights norms and standards. It requires, as well, measures to ensure adherence to the principles of supremacy of law, equality before the law, accountability to the law, fairness in the application of the law, separation of powers, participation in decision-making, legal certainty, avoidance of arbitrariness and procedural and legal transparency\u201d.However, the rule of law often breaks down during long periods of conflict; or a lack of justice, or manipulation of the justice system by authorities or political groups may be one of the causes of conflict. Some parties may be reluctant to participate in DDR when the rule of law has broken down and where their personal safety is not properly protected. Re-establishing the rule of law and carrying out justice reform are often essential aspects of a larger peace-building strategy. DDR should contribute to strengthening the rule of law by disarming armed forces and groups, who afterwards become subject to regular criminal justice systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":639, "Sentence":"It requires, as well, measures to ensure adherence to the principles of supremacy of law, equality before the law, accountability to the law, fairness in the application of the law, separation of powers, participation in decision-making, legal certainty, avoidance of arbitrariness and procedural and legal transparency\u201d.However, the rule of law often breaks down during long periods of conflict; or a lack of justice, or manipulation of the justice system by authorities or political groups may be one of the causes of conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR requires well measure ensure adherence principle supremacy law equality law accountability law fairness application law separation power participation decisionmaking legal certainty avoidance arbitrariness procedural legal transparency \u201d .however rule law often break long period conflict lack justice manipulation justice system authority political group may one cause conflict ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.4. Citizenship and nationality laws", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"According to the Secretary-General\u2019s report on The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Con\u00ad flict and Post\u00adConflict Societies, \u2018rule of law\u2019 refers to a \u201cprinciple of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities, public and private, including the State itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international human rights norms and standards. It requires, as well, measures to ensure adherence to the principles of supremacy of law, equality before the law, accountability to the law, fairness in the application of the law, separation of powers, participation in decision-making, legal certainty, avoidance of arbitrariness and procedural and legal transparency\u201d.However, the rule of law often breaks down during long periods of conflict; or a lack of justice, or manipulation of the justice system by authorities or political groups may be one of the causes of conflict. Some parties may be reluctant to participate in DDR when the rule of law has broken down and where their personal safety is not properly protected. Re-establishing the rule of law and carrying out justice reform are often essential aspects of a larger peace-building strategy. DDR should contribute to strengthening the rule of law by disarming armed forces and groups, who afterwards become subject to regular criminal justice systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":639, "Sentence":"Some parties may be reluctant to participate in DDR when the rule of law has broken down and where their personal safety is not properly protected.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR party may reluctant participate ddr rule law broken personal safety properly protected ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.4. Citizenship and nationality laws", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"According to the Secretary-General\u2019s report on The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Con\u00ad flict and Post\u00adConflict Societies, \u2018rule of law\u2019 refers to a \u201cprinciple of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities, public and private, including the State itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international human rights norms and standards. It requires, as well, measures to ensure adherence to the principles of supremacy of law, equality before the law, accountability to the law, fairness in the application of the law, separation of powers, participation in decision-making, legal certainty, avoidance of arbitrariness and procedural and legal transparency\u201d.However, the rule of law often breaks down during long periods of conflict; or a lack of justice, or manipulation of the justice system by authorities or political groups may be one of the causes of conflict. Some parties may be reluctant to participate in DDR when the rule of law has broken down and where their personal safety is not properly protected. Re-establishing the rule of law and carrying out justice reform are often essential aspects of a larger peace-building strategy. DDR should contribute to strengthening the rule of law by disarming armed forces and groups, who afterwards become subject to regular criminal justice systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":639, "Sentence":"Re-establishing the rule of law and carrying out justice reform are often essential aspects of a larger peace-building strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR reestablishing rule law carrying justice reform often essential aspect larger peacebuilding strategy ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.4. Citizenship and nationality laws", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"According to the Secretary-General\u2019s report on The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Con\u00ad flict and Post\u00adConflict Societies, \u2018rule of law\u2019 refers to a \u201cprinciple of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities, public and private, including the State itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international human rights norms and standards. It requires, as well, measures to ensure adherence to the principles of supremacy of law, equality before the law, accountability to the law, fairness in the application of the law, separation of powers, participation in decision-making, legal certainty, avoidance of arbitrariness and procedural and legal transparency\u201d.However, the rule of law often breaks down during long periods of conflict; or a lack of justice, or manipulation of the justice system by authorities or political groups may be one of the causes of conflict. Some parties may be reluctant to participate in DDR when the rule of law has broken down and where their personal safety is not properly protected. Re-establishing the rule of law and carrying out justice reform are often essential aspects of a larger peace-building strategy. DDR should contribute to strengthening the rule of law by disarming armed forces and groups, who afterwards become subject to regular criminal justice systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":639, "Sentence":"DDR should contribute to strengthening the rule of law by disarming armed forces and groups, who afterwards become subject to regular criminal justice systems.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR ddr contribute strengthening rule law disarming armed force group afterwards become subject regular criminal justice system ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.5. Restructuring of armed forces", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"DDR is generally linked to the restructuring of armed forces and SSR as part of a broader peace-building framework. Agreement between the parties on the new mandate, structures, composition and powers of national security forces is often a condition for their entry into a formal DDR process. As a result, the planning and design of the DDR programme needs to be closely linked to the SSR process to ensure coherence on such issues as vetting of ex- combatants (to establish eligibility for integration into the reformed security forces) and establishing the legal status and entitlements of demobilized ex-combatants, including pensions and health care benefits.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":640, "Sentence":"DDR is generally linked to the restructuring of armed forces and SSR as part of a broader peace-building framework.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR ddr generally linked restructuring armed force ssr part broader peacebuilding framework ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.5. Restructuring of armed forces", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"DDR is generally linked to the restructuring of armed forces and SSR as part of a broader peace-building framework. Agreement between the parties on the new mandate, structures, composition and powers of national security forces is often a condition for their entry into a formal DDR process. As a result, the planning and design of the DDR programme needs to be closely linked to the SSR process to ensure coherence on such issues as vetting of ex- combatants (to establish eligibility for integration into the reformed security forces) and establishing the legal status and entitlements of demobilized ex-combatants, including pensions and health care benefits.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":640, "Sentence":"Agreement between the parties on the new mandate, structures, composition and powers of national security forces is often a condition for their entry into a formal DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR agreement party new mandate structure composition power national security force often condition entry formal ddr process ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Mandates and legal frameworks for national engagement with DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Integrated peace-building and recovery framework", "Heading3":"5.4.5. Restructuring of armed forces", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"DDR is generally linked to the restructuring of armed forces and SSR as part of a broader peace-building framework. Agreement between the parties on the new mandate, structures, composition and powers of national security forces is often a condition for their entry into a formal DDR process. As a result, the planning and design of the DDR programme needs to be closely linked to the SSR process to ensure coherence on such issues as vetting of ex- combatants (to establish eligibility for integration into the reformed security forces) and establishing the legal status and entitlements of demobilized ex-combatants, including pensions and health care benefits.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":640, "Sentence":"As a result, the planning and design of the DDR programme needs to be closely linked to the SSR process to ensure coherence on such issues as vetting of ex- combatants (to establish eligibility for integration into the reformed security forces) and establishing the legal status and entitlements of demobilized ex-combatants, including pensions and health care benefits.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR result planning design ddr programme need closely linked ssr process ensure coherence issue vetting ex combatant establish eligibility integration reformed security force establishing legal status entitlement demobilized excombatants including pension health care benefit ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The architecture of national DDR institutions will vary depending on the political and institutional context in which they are created. The following generic (general) model repre- sents a basic outline of structures and functions for a national DDR institutional framework, and lays out the structure of relationships with UN integrated missions and international coordination mechanisms. While the basic functions of national DDR institutions will be similar in most cases, the organization of institutional structures and their relation to inter- national actors will vary widely from country to country.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":641, "Sentence":"The architecture of national DDR institutions will vary depending on the political and institutional context in which they are created.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR architecture national ddr institution vary depending political institutional context created ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The architecture of national DDR institutions will vary depending on the political and institutional context in which they are created. The following generic (general) model repre- sents a basic outline of structures and functions for a national DDR institutional framework, and lays out the structure of relationships with UN integrated missions and international coordination mechanisms. While the basic functions of national DDR institutions will be similar in most cases, the organization of institutional structures and their relation to inter- national actors will vary widely from country to country.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":641, "Sentence":"The following generic (general) model repre- sents a basic outline of structures and functions for a national DDR institutional framework, and lays out the structure of relationships with UN integrated missions and international coordination mechanisms.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR following generic general model repre sent basic outline structure function national ddr institutional framework lay structure relationship un integrated mission international coordination mechanism ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The architecture of national DDR institutions will vary depending on the political and institutional context in which they are created. The following generic (general) model repre- sents a basic outline of structures and functions for a national DDR institutional framework, and lays out the structure of relationships with UN integrated missions and international coordination mechanisms. While the basic functions of national DDR institutions will be similar in most cases, the organization of institutional structures and their relation to inter- national actors will vary widely from country to country.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":641, "Sentence":"While the basic functions of national DDR institutions will be similar in most cases, the organization of institutional structures and their relation to inter- national actors will vary widely from country to country.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR basic function national ddr institution similar case organization institutional structure relation inter national actor vary widely country country ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.1. Integrated approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Integration is not only a principle for UN support to DDR, but also for the establishment of national institutions. The form of national institutions should reflect the security, economic and social dimensions of the DDR process. To achieve this, national institutions should include broad representation across a number of government ministries. Although the composition of national institutions for DDR will vary according to the particular govern- ment structures of different countries, the following institutions are generally represented at the level of policy and planning of national DDR institutions: \\n the executive (the presidency and\/or prime minister\u2019s office); \\n the ministries of defence and interior (national security); \\n the ministries of planning and finance; \\n the ministries of labour, employment and industry; \\n the ministries of agriculture and natural resources; \\n the ministries of social welfare, status of women and protection of children; \\n human rights and national reconciliation agencies; \\n electoral authorities.As well as representation of the various agencies and ministries of government, it is important to include representatives of civil society and the private sector in DDR policy and strategic coordination mechanisms.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":642, "Sentence":"Integration is not only a principle for UN support to DDR, but also for the establishment of national institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR integration principle un support ddr also establishment national institution ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.1. Integrated approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Integration is not only a principle for UN support to DDR, but also for the establishment of national institutions. The form of national institutions should reflect the security, economic and social dimensions of the DDR process. To achieve this, national institutions should include broad representation across a number of government ministries. Although the composition of national institutions for DDR will vary according to the particular govern- ment structures of different countries, the following institutions are generally represented at the level of policy and planning of national DDR institutions: \\n the executive (the presidency and\/or prime minister\u2019s office); \\n the ministries of defence and interior (national security); \\n the ministries of planning and finance; \\n the ministries of labour, employment and industry; \\n the ministries of agriculture and natural resources; \\n the ministries of social welfare, status of women and protection of children; \\n human rights and national reconciliation agencies; \\n electoral authorities.As well as representation of the various agencies and ministries of government, it is important to include representatives of civil society and the private sector in DDR policy and strategic coordination mechanisms.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":642, "Sentence":"The form of national institutions should reflect the security, economic and social dimensions of the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR form national institution reflect security economic social dimension ddr process ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.1. Integrated approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Integration is not only a principle for UN support to DDR, but also for the establishment of national institutions. The form of national institutions should reflect the security, economic and social dimensions of the DDR process. To achieve this, national institutions should include broad representation across a number of government ministries. Although the composition of national institutions for DDR will vary according to the particular govern- ment structures of different countries, the following institutions are generally represented at the level of policy and planning of national DDR institutions: \\n the executive (the presidency and\/or prime minister\u2019s office); \\n the ministries of defence and interior (national security); \\n the ministries of planning and finance; \\n the ministries of labour, employment and industry; \\n the ministries of agriculture and natural resources; \\n the ministries of social welfare, status of women and protection of children; \\n human rights and national reconciliation agencies; \\n electoral authorities.As well as representation of the various agencies and ministries of government, it is important to include representatives of civil society and the private sector in DDR policy and strategic coordination mechanisms.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":642, "Sentence":"To achieve this, national institutions should include broad representation across a number of government ministries.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR achieve national institution include broad representation across number government ministry ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.1. Integrated approach", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Integration is not only a principle for UN support to DDR, but also for the establishment of national institutions. The form of national institutions should reflect the security, economic and social dimensions of the DDR process. To achieve this, national institutions should include broad representation across a number of government ministries. Although the composition of national institutions for DDR will vary according to the particular govern- ment structures of different countries, the following institutions are generally represented at the level of policy and planning of national DDR institutions: \\n the executive (the presidency and\/or prime minister\u2019s office); \\n the ministries of defence and interior (national security); \\n the ministries of planning and finance; \\n the ministries of labour, employment and industry; \\n the ministries of agriculture and natural resources; \\n the ministries of social welfare, status of women and protection of children; \\n human rights and national reconciliation agencies; \\n electoral authorities.As well as representation of the various agencies and ministries of government, it is important to include representatives of civil society and the private sector in DDR policy and strategic coordination mechanisms.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":642, "Sentence":"Although the composition of national institutions for DDR will vary according to the particular govern- ment structures of different countries, the following institutions are generally represented at the level of policy and planning of national DDR institutions: \\n the executive (the presidency and\/or prime minister\u2019s office); \\n the ministries of defence and interior (national security); \\n the ministries of planning and finance; \\n the ministries of labour, employment and industry; \\n the ministries of agriculture and natural resources; \\n the ministries of social welfare, status of women and protection of children; \\n human rights and national reconciliation agencies; \\n electoral authorities.As well as representation of the various agencies and ministries of government, it is important to include representatives of civil society and the private sector in DDR policy and strategic coordination mechanisms.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR although composition national institution ddr vary according particular govern ment structure different country following institution generally represented level policy planning national ddr institution n executive presidency and\/or prime minister \u2019 office n ministry defence interior national security n ministry planning finance n ministry labour employment industry n ministry agriculture natural resource n ministry social welfare status woman protection child n human right national reconciliation agency n electoral authorities.as well representation various agency ministry government important include representative civil society private sector ddr policy strategic coordination mechanism ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.2. Model for a national DDR institutional framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The following diagram presents a schematic overview of links among national and international DDR mechanisms at policy, planning and implementation levels (see Annexes B\u2013D for examples from Haiti, Liberia and Sierra Leone).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":643, "Sentence":"The following diagram presents a schematic overview of links among national and international DDR mechanisms at policy, planning and implementation levels (see Annexes B\u2013D for examples from Haiti, Liberia and Sierra Leone).", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR following diagram present schematic overview link among national international ddr mechanism policy planning implementation level see annex b\u2013d example haiti liberia sierra leone ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.3. Policy\/Strategic level", "Heading3":"6.3.1. National DDR commission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"A national DDR policy body representing key national and international stakeholders should be set up under a government or transitional authority established through peace accords, or under the authority of the president or prime minister. This body meets periodically to perform the following main functions: \\n to provide political coordination and policy direction for the national DDR programme; \\n to coordinate all government institutions and international agencies in support of the national DDR programme; \\n to ensure coordination of national DDR programme with other components of the national peace-building and recovery process; \\n to ensure oversight of the agency(ies) responsible for the design and implementation of the national DDR programme; \\n to review progress reports and financial statements; \\n to approve annual\/quarterly work plans.The precise composition of this policy body will vary; however, the following are gen- erally represented: \\n government ministries and agencies responsible for components of DDR (including national women\u2019s councils or agencies, and agencies responsible for youth and children); \\n representatives of parties to the peace accord\/political agreement; \\n representatives of the UN, regional organizations and donors; \\n representatives of civil society and the private sector.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":644, "Sentence":"A national DDR policy body representing key national and international stakeholders should be set up under a government or transitional authority established through peace accords, or under the authority of the president or prime minister.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR national ddr policy body representing key national international stakeholder set government transitional authority established peace accord authority president prime minister ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.3. Policy\/Strategic level", "Heading3":"6.3.1. National DDR commission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"A national DDR policy body representing key national and international stakeholders should be set up under a government or transitional authority established through peace accords, or under the authority of the president or prime minister. This body meets periodically to perform the following main functions: \\n to provide political coordination and policy direction for the national DDR programme; \\n to coordinate all government institutions and international agencies in support of the national DDR programme; \\n to ensure coordination of national DDR programme with other components of the national peace-building and recovery process; \\n to ensure oversight of the agency(ies) responsible for the design and implementation of the national DDR programme; \\n to review progress reports and financial statements; \\n to approve annual\/quarterly work plans.The precise composition of this policy body will vary; however, the following are gen- erally represented: \\n government ministries and agencies responsible for components of DDR (including national women\u2019s councils or agencies, and agencies responsible for youth and children); \\n representatives of parties to the peace accord\/political agreement; \\n representatives of the UN, regional organizations and donors; \\n representatives of civil society and the private sector.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":644, "Sentence":"This body meets periodically to perform the following main functions: \\n to provide political coordination and policy direction for the national DDR programme; \\n to coordinate all government institutions and international agencies in support of the national DDR programme; \\n to ensure coordination of national DDR programme with other components of the national peace-building and recovery process; \\n to ensure oversight of the agency(ies) responsible for the design and implementation of the national DDR programme; \\n to review progress reports and financial statements; \\n to approve annual\/quarterly work plans.The precise composition of this policy body will vary; however, the following are gen- erally represented: \\n government ministries and agencies responsible for components of DDR (including national women\u2019s councils or agencies, and agencies responsible for youth and children); \\n representatives of parties to the peace accord\/political agreement; \\n representatives of the UN, regional organizations and donors; \\n representatives of civil society and the private sector.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR body meet periodically perform following main function n provide political coordination policy direction national ddr programme n coordinate government institution international agency support national ddr programme n ensure coordination national ddr programme component national peacebuilding recovery process n ensure oversight agencyies responsible design implementation national ddr programme n review progress report financial statement n approve annual\/quarterly work plans.the precise composition policy body vary however following gen erally represented n government ministry agency responsible component ddr including national woman \u2019 council agency agency responsible youth child n representative party peace accord\/political agreement n representative un regional organization donor n representative civil society private sector ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.3. Policy\/Strategic level", "Heading3":"6.3.2. International coordination and assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Depending on whether a UN mission has been established, support is provided for the development of national policies and strategies through the offices of the UN Resident Co- ordinator, or upon appointment of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG)\/ Deputy SRSG (DSRSG). When there is a UN Security Council mandate, the SRSG will be responsible for the coordination of international support to the peace-building and transition process, including DDR. When the UN has a mandate to support national DDR institutions, the SRSG\/DSRSG may be invited to chair or co-chair the national commission on DDR (NCDDR), particularly if there is a need for neutral arbitration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":645, "Sentence":"Depending on whether a UN mission has been established, support is provided for the development of national policies and strategies through the offices of the UN Resident Co- ordinator, or upon appointment of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG)\/ Deputy SRSG (DSRSG).", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR depending whether un mission established support provided development national policy strategy office un resident co ordinator upon appointment special representative secretarygeneral srsg\/ deputy srsg dsrsg ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.3. Policy\/Strategic level", "Heading3":"6.3.2. International coordination and assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Depending on whether a UN mission has been established, support is provided for the development of national policies and strategies through the offices of the UN Resident Co- ordinator, or upon appointment of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG)\/ Deputy SRSG (DSRSG). When there is a UN Security Council mandate, the SRSG will be responsible for the coordination of international support to the peace-building and transition process, including DDR. When the UN has a mandate to support national DDR institutions, the SRSG\/DSRSG may be invited to chair or co-chair the national commission on DDR (NCDDR), particularly if there is a need for neutral arbitration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":645, "Sentence":"When there is a UN Security Council mandate, the SRSG will be responsible for the coordination of international support to the peace-building and transition process, including DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR un security council mandate srsg responsible coordination international support peacebuilding transition process including ddr ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.3. Policy\/Strategic level", "Heading3":"6.3.2. International coordination and assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Depending on whether a UN mission has been established, support is provided for the development of national policies and strategies through the offices of the UN Resident Co- ordinator, or upon appointment of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General (SRSG)\/ Deputy SRSG (DSRSG). When there is a UN Security Council mandate, the SRSG will be responsible for the coordination of international support to the peace-building and transition process, including DDR. When the UN has a mandate to support national DDR institutions, the SRSG\/DSRSG may be invited to chair or co-chair the national commission on DDR (NCDDR), particularly if there is a need for neutral arbitration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":645, "Sentence":"When the UN has a mandate to support national DDR institutions, the SRSG\/DSRSG may be invited to chair or co-chair the national commission on DDR (NCDDR), particularly if there is a need for neutral arbitration.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR un mandate support national ddr institution srsg\/dsrsg may invited chair cochair national commission ddr ncddr particularly need neutral arbitration ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.4. Planning and technical levels", "Heading3":"6.4.1. National DDR agency", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"A national technical planning and coordination body, responsible for the design and im- plementation of the DDR programme, should be established. The national coordinator\/ director of this body oversees the day-to-day management of the DDR programme and ensures regular reporting to the NCDDR. The main functions of the national DDR agency include: \\n the design of the DDR programme, including conducting assessments, collecting base- line data, establishing indicators and targets, and defining eligibility criteria for the inclusion of individuals in DDR activities; \\n planning of DDR programme activities, including the establishment of information management systems, and monitoring and evaluations procedures; \\n oversight of the joint implementation unit (JIU) for DDR programme implementation.Directed by a national coordinator\/director, the staff of the national DDR agency should include programme managers and technical experts (including those seconded from national ministries) and international technical experts (these may include advisers from the UN system and\/or the mission\u2019s DDR unit) (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":646, "Sentence":"A national technical planning and coordination body, responsible for the design and im- plementation of the DDR programme, should be established.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR national technical planning coordination body responsible design im plementation ddr programme established ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.4. Planning and technical levels", "Heading3":"6.4.1. National DDR agency", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"A national technical planning and coordination body, responsible for the design and im- plementation of the DDR programme, should be established. The national coordinator\/ director of this body oversees the day-to-day management of the DDR programme and ensures regular reporting to the NCDDR. The main functions of the national DDR agency include: \\n the design of the DDR programme, including conducting assessments, collecting base- line data, establishing indicators and targets, and defining eligibility criteria for the inclusion of individuals in DDR activities; \\n planning of DDR programme activities, including the establishment of information management systems, and monitoring and evaluations procedures; \\n oversight of the joint implementation unit (JIU) for DDR programme implementation.Directed by a national coordinator\/director, the staff of the national DDR agency should include programme managers and technical experts (including those seconded from national ministries) and international technical experts (these may include advisers from the UN system and\/or the mission\u2019s DDR unit) (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":646, "Sentence":"The national coordinator\/ director of this body oversees the day-to-day management of the DDR programme and ensures regular reporting to the NCDDR.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR national coordinator\/ director body oversees daytoday management ddr programme ensures regular reporting ncddr ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.4. Planning and technical levels", "Heading3":"6.4.1. National DDR agency", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"A national technical planning and coordination body, responsible for the design and im- plementation of the DDR programme, should be established. The national coordinator\/ director of this body oversees the day-to-day management of the DDR programme and ensures regular reporting to the NCDDR. The main functions of the national DDR agency include: \\n the design of the DDR programme, including conducting assessments, collecting base- line data, establishing indicators and targets, and defining eligibility criteria for the inclusion of individuals in DDR activities; \\n planning of DDR programme activities, including the establishment of information management systems, and monitoring and evaluations procedures; \\n oversight of the joint implementation unit (JIU) for DDR programme implementation.Directed by a national coordinator\/director, the staff of the national DDR agency should include programme managers and technical experts (including those seconded from national ministries) and international technical experts (these may include advisers from the UN system and\/or the mission\u2019s DDR unit) (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":646, "Sentence":"The main functions of the national DDR agency include: \\n the design of the DDR programme, including conducting assessments, collecting base- line data, establishing indicators and targets, and defining eligibility criteria for the inclusion of individuals in DDR activities; \\n planning of DDR programme activities, including the establishment of information management systems, and monitoring and evaluations procedures; \\n oversight of the joint implementation unit (JIU) for DDR programme implementation.Directed by a national coordinator\/director, the staff of the national DDR agency should include programme managers and technical experts (including those seconded from national ministries) and international technical experts (these may include advisers from the UN system and\/or the mission\u2019s DDR unit) (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR main function national ddr agency include n design ddr programme including conducting assessment collecting base line data establishing indicator target defining eligibility criterion inclusion individual ddr activity n planning ddr programme activity including establishment information management system monitoring evaluation procedure n oversight joint implementation unit jiu ddr programme implementation.directed national coordinator\/director staff national ddr agency include programme manager technical expert including seconded national ministry international technical expert may include adviser un system and\/or mission \u2019 ddr unit also see iddrs 2.30 participant beneficiary partner ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.4. Planning and technical levels", "Heading3":"6.4.2. International technical coordination committee", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"An international technical coordination committee provides a forum for consultation, co- ordination and joint planning between national and international partners at the technical level of DDR programme development and implementation. This committee should meet regularly to review technical issues related to national DDR programme planning and implementation.Participation in the technical coordination committee will vary a great deal, depending on which international actors are present in a country. The committee should include tech- nical experts from the national DDR agency and from those multilateral and bilateral agen- cies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with operations or activities that have a direct or indirect impact on the national DDR programme (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":647, "Sentence":"An international technical coordination committee provides a forum for consultation, co- ordination and joint planning between national and international partners at the technical level of DDR programme development and implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR international technical coordination committee provides forum consultation co ordination joint planning national international partner technical level ddr programme development implementation ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.4. Planning and technical levels", "Heading3":"6.4.2. International technical coordination committee", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"An international technical coordination committee provides a forum for consultation, co- ordination and joint planning between national and international partners at the technical level of DDR programme development and implementation. This committee should meet regularly to review technical issues related to national DDR programme planning and implementation.Participation in the technical coordination committee will vary a great deal, depending on which international actors are present in a country. The committee should include tech- nical experts from the national DDR agency and from those multilateral and bilateral agen- cies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with operations or activities that have a direct or indirect impact on the national DDR programme (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":647, "Sentence":"This committee should meet regularly to review technical issues related to national DDR programme planning and implementation.Participation in the technical coordination committee will vary a great deal, depending on which international actors are present in a country.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR committee meet regularly review technical issue related national ddr programme planning implementation.participation technical coordination committee vary great deal depending international actor present country ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.4. Planning and technical levels", "Heading3":"6.4.2. International technical coordination committee", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"An international technical coordination committee provides a forum for consultation, co- ordination and joint planning between national and international partners at the technical level of DDR programme development and implementation. This committee should meet regularly to review technical issues related to national DDR programme planning and implementation.Participation in the technical coordination committee will vary a great deal, depending on which international actors are present in a country. The committee should include tech- nical experts from the national DDR agency and from those multilateral and bilateral agen- cies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with operations or activities that have a direct or indirect impact on the national DDR programme (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":647, "Sentence":"The committee should include tech- nical experts from the national DDR agency and from those multilateral and bilateral agen- cies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with operations or activities that have a direct or indirect impact on the national DDR programme (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR committee include tech nical expert national ddr agency multilateral bilateral agen cies nongovernmental organization ngo operation activity direct indirect impact national ddr programme also see iddrs 2.30 participant beneficiary partner ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.4. Planning and technical levels", "Heading3":"6.4.3. Project approval committee", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"A project approval committee (PAC) can be established to ensure transparency in the use of donor resources for DDR by implementing partners, i.e., to review and approve applications by national and international NGOs or agencies for funding for projects. Its role does not include oversight of either the regular operating budget for national DDR institutions or programmes (monitored by the independent financial management unit), or the activities of the UN mission\u2019s DDR unit. The PAC will generally include representatives of donors, the national DDR agency and the UN mission\/agencies (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners and IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":648, "Sentence":"A project approval committee (PAC) can be established to ensure transparency in the use of donor resources for DDR by implementing partners, i.e., to review and approve applications by national and international NGOs or agencies for funding for projects.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR project approval committee pac established ensure transparency use donor resource ddr implementing partner i.e . review approve application national international ngo agency funding project ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.4. Planning and technical levels", "Heading3":"6.4.3. Project approval committee", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"A project approval committee (PAC) can be established to ensure transparency in the use of donor resources for DDR by implementing partners, i.e., to review and approve applications by national and international NGOs or agencies for funding for projects. Its role does not include oversight of either the regular operating budget for national DDR institutions or programmes (monitored by the independent financial management unit), or the activities of the UN mission\u2019s DDR unit. The PAC will generally include representatives of donors, the national DDR agency and the UN mission\/agencies (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners and IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":648, "Sentence":"Its role does not include oversight of either the regular operating budget for national DDR institutions or programmes (monitored by the independent financial management unit), or the activities of the UN mission\u2019s DDR unit.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR role include oversight either regular operating budget national ddr institution programme monitored independent financial management unit activity un mission \u2019 ddr unit ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.4. Planning and technical levels", "Heading3":"6.4.3. Project approval committee", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"A project approval committee (PAC) can be established to ensure transparency in the use of donor resources for DDR by implementing partners, i.e., to review and approve applications by national and international NGOs or agencies for funding for projects. Its role does not include oversight of either the regular operating budget for national DDR institutions or programmes (monitored by the independent financial management unit), or the activities of the UN mission\u2019s DDR unit. The PAC will generally include representatives of donors, the national DDR agency and the UN mission\/agencies (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners and IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":648, "Sentence":"The PAC will generally include representatives of donors, the national DDR agency and the UN mission\/agencies (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners and IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.)", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR pac generally include representative donor national ddr agency un mission\/agencies also see iddrs 2.30 participant beneficiary partner iddrs 3.41 finance budgeting ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.5. Implementation\/Operational level", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Operational and implementation mechanisms should be established at national, provincial and local levels. These mechanisms should operate under the supervision of the technical coordination and planning body.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":649, "Sentence":"Operational and implementation mechanisms should be established at national, provincial and local levels.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR operational implementation mechanism established national provincial local level ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.5. Implementation\/Operational level", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Operational and implementation mechanisms should be established at national, provincial and local levels. These mechanisms should operate under the supervision of the technical coordination and planning body.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":649, "Sentence":"These mechanisms should operate under the supervision of the technical coordination and planning body.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR mechanism operate supervision technical coordination planning body ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.5. Implementation\/Operational level", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Joint implementation unit", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The JIU is the operational arm of a national DDR agency, responsible for the implementation of a national DDR programme under the direction of the national coordinator, and ultimately accountable to the NCDDR. The organization of a JIU will vary depending on the priorities and implementation methods of particular national DDR programmes. It should be organ- ized by a functional unit that is designed to integrate the sectors and cross-cutting compo- nents of a national DDR programme, which may include: \\n disarmament and demobilization; reintegration; \\n child protection, youth, gender, cross-border, food, health and HIV\/AIDS advisers; \\n public information and community sensitization; \\n monitoring and evaluation.Other functional units may be established according to the design and needs of parti- cular DDR programmes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":650, "Sentence":"The JIU is the operational arm of a national DDR agency, responsible for the implementation of a national DDR programme under the direction of the national coordinator, and ultimately accountable to the NCDDR.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR jiu operational arm national ddr agency responsible implementation national ddr programme direction national coordinator ultimately accountable ncddr ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.5. Implementation\/Operational level", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Joint implementation unit", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The JIU is the operational arm of a national DDR agency, responsible for the implementation of a national DDR programme under the direction of the national coordinator, and ultimately accountable to the NCDDR. The organization of a JIU will vary depending on the priorities and implementation methods of particular national DDR programmes. It should be organ- ized by a functional unit that is designed to integrate the sectors and cross-cutting compo- nents of a national DDR programme, which may include: \\n disarmament and demobilization; reintegration; \\n child protection, youth, gender, cross-border, food, health and HIV\/AIDS advisers; \\n public information and community sensitization; \\n monitoring and evaluation.Other functional units may be established according to the design and needs of parti- cular DDR programmes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":650, "Sentence":"The organization of a JIU will vary depending on the priorities and implementation methods of particular national DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR organization jiu vary depending priority implementation method particular national ddr programme ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.5. Implementation\/Operational level", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Joint implementation unit", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The JIU is the operational arm of a national DDR agency, responsible for the implementation of a national DDR programme under the direction of the national coordinator, and ultimately accountable to the NCDDR. The organization of a JIU will vary depending on the priorities and implementation methods of particular national DDR programmes. It should be organ- ized by a functional unit that is designed to integrate the sectors and cross-cutting compo- nents of a national DDR programme, which may include: \\n disarmament and demobilization; reintegration; \\n child protection, youth, gender, cross-border, food, health and HIV\/AIDS advisers; \\n public information and community sensitization; \\n monitoring and evaluation.Other functional units may be established according to the design and needs of parti- cular DDR programmes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":650, "Sentence":"It should be organ- ized by a functional unit that is designed to integrate the sectors and cross-cutting compo- nents of a national DDR programme, which may include: \\n disarmament and demobilization; reintegration; \\n child protection, youth, gender, cross-border, food, health and HIV\/AIDS advisers; \\n public information and community sensitization; \\n monitoring and evaluation.Other functional units may be established according to the design and needs of parti- cular DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR organ ized functional unit designed integrate sector crosscutting compo nents national ddr programme may include n disarmament demobilization reintegration n child protection youth gender crossborder food health hiv\/aids adviser n public information community sensitization n monitoring evaluation.other functional unit may established according design need parti cular ddr programme ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.5. Implementation\/Operational level", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Independent financial management unit", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Given the size and sensitivities of resource allocation to large DDR operations, an independ- ent financial management, contracts and procurement unit for the national DDR programme should be established. This unit may be housed within the national DDR institution or entrusted to an international partner. A joint national\u2013international management and over- sight system may be established, particularly when donors are contributing significant funds for DDR. This unit should be responsible for the following: \\n establishing standards and procedures for financial management and accounting, con- tracts, and procurement of goods and services for the DDR programme; \\n mobilizing and managing national and international funds received for DDR programme activities; \\n reviewing and approving budgets for DDR programme activities; \\n establishing a reporting system and preparing financial reports and audits as required (also see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":651, "Sentence":"Given the size and sensitivities of resource allocation to large DDR operations, an independ- ent financial management, contracts and procurement unit for the national DDR programme should be established.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR given size sensitivity resource allocation large ddr operation independ ent financial management contract procurement unit national ddr programme established ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.5. Implementation\/Operational level", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Independent financial management unit", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Given the size and sensitivities of resource allocation to large DDR operations, an independ- ent financial management, contracts and procurement unit for the national DDR programme should be established. This unit may be housed within the national DDR institution or entrusted to an international partner. A joint national\u2013international management and over- sight system may be established, particularly when donors are contributing significant funds for DDR. This unit should be responsible for the following: \\n establishing standards and procedures for financial management and accounting, con- tracts, and procurement of goods and services for the DDR programme; \\n mobilizing and managing national and international funds received for DDR programme activities; \\n reviewing and approving budgets for DDR programme activities; \\n establishing a reporting system and preparing financial reports and audits as required (also see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":651, "Sentence":"This unit may be housed within the national DDR institution or entrusted to an international partner.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR unit may housed within national ddr institution entrusted international partner ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.5. Implementation\/Operational level", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Independent financial management unit", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Given the size and sensitivities of resource allocation to large DDR operations, an independ- ent financial management, contracts and procurement unit for the national DDR programme should be established. This unit may be housed within the national DDR institution or entrusted to an international partner. A joint national\u2013international management and over- sight system may be established, particularly when donors are contributing significant funds for DDR. This unit should be responsible for the following: \\n establishing standards and procedures for financial management and accounting, con- tracts, and procurement of goods and services for the DDR programme; \\n mobilizing and managing national and international funds received for DDR programme activities; \\n reviewing and approving budgets for DDR programme activities; \\n establishing a reporting system and preparing financial reports and audits as required (also see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":651, "Sentence":"A joint national\u2013international management and over- sight system may be established, particularly when donors are contributing significant funds for DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR joint national\u2013international management sight system may established particularly donor contributing significant fund ddr ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.5. Implementation\/Operational level", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Independent financial management unit", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Given the size and sensitivities of resource allocation to large DDR operations, an independ- ent financial management, contracts and procurement unit for the national DDR programme should be established. This unit may be housed within the national DDR institution or entrusted to an international partner. A joint national\u2013international management and over- sight system may be established, particularly when donors are contributing significant funds for DDR. This unit should be responsible for the following: \\n establishing standards and procedures for financial management and accounting, con- tracts, and procurement of goods and services for the DDR programme; \\n mobilizing and managing national and international funds received for DDR programme activities; \\n reviewing and approving budgets for DDR programme activities; \\n establishing a reporting system and preparing financial reports and audits as required (also see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":651, "Sentence":"This unit should be responsible for the following: \\n establishing standards and procedures for financial management and accounting, con- tracts, and procurement of goods and services for the DDR programme; \\n mobilizing and managing national and international funds received for DDR programme activities; \\n reviewing and approving budgets for DDR programme activities; \\n establishing a reporting system and preparing financial reports and audits as required (also see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR unit responsible following n establishing standard procedure financial management accounting con tract procurement good service ddr programme n mobilizing managing national international fund received ddr programme activity n reviewing approving budget ddr programme activity n establishing reporting system preparing financial report audit required also see iddrs 3.41 finance budgeting ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.5. Implementation\/Operational level", "Heading3":"6.5.4. Implementing agencies\/partners", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"There will generally be a range of national and international partners engaged in the im- plementation of different components of the national DDR programme. These will vary significantly depending on the presence and capabilities of government agencies, local authorities and community-based organizations; UN agencies; and national and international NGOs located near DDR operations. The activities of implementing partners should be coordinated by regional\/field offices that report to the JIU of a national DDR agency(also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":652, "Sentence":"There will generally be a range of national and international partners engaged in the im- plementation of different components of the national DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR generally range national international partner engaged im plementation different component national ddr programme ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.5. Implementation\/Operational level", "Heading3":"6.5.4. Implementing agencies\/partners", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"There will generally be a range of national and international partners engaged in the im- plementation of different components of the national DDR programme. These will vary significantly depending on the presence and capabilities of government agencies, local authorities and community-based organizations; UN agencies; and national and international NGOs located near DDR operations. The activities of implementing partners should be coordinated by regional\/field offices that report to the JIU of a national DDR agency(also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":652, "Sentence":"These will vary significantly depending on the presence and capabilities of government agencies, local authorities and community-based organizations; UN agencies; and national and international NGOs located near DDR operations.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR vary significantly depending presence capability government agency local authority communitybased organization un agency national international ngo located near ddr operation ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Structures and functions of national institutions", "Heading2":"6.5. Implementation\/Operational level", "Heading3":"6.5.4. Implementing agencies\/partners", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"There will generally be a range of national and international partners engaged in the im- plementation of different components of the national DDR programme. These will vary significantly depending on the presence and capabilities of government agencies, local authorities and community-based organizations; UN agencies; and national and international NGOs located near DDR operations. The activities of implementing partners should be coordinated by regional\/field offices that report to the JIU of a national DDR agency(also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":652, "Sentence":"The activities of implementing partners should be coordinated by regional\/field offices that report to the JIU of a national DDR agency(also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR activity implementing partner coordinated regional\/field office report jiu national ddr agencyalso see iddrs 2.30 participant beneficiary partner ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Coordination of national and international DDR structures and processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"National and international DDR structures and processes should, as far as possible, be jointly developed and coordinated at the policy, planning and operational levels, as explained below. The planning of UN missions and national DDR institutions has not always been sufficiently integrated, reducing the efficiency and effectiveness of both. The success and sustainability of a DDR programme depend on the ability of international expertise and resources to complement and support nationally led processes. A key factor in close coordination is the early consultation of national authorities and parties to the DDR process during UN assessment missions and mission planning processes. International DDR expertise, political support and technical assistance should also be available from the earliest point in the peace process through the establishment of national institutions and programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":653, "Sentence":"National and international DDR structures and processes should, as far as possible, be jointly developed and coordinated at the policy, planning and operational levels, as explained below.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR national international ddr structure process far possible jointly developed coordinated policy planning operational level explained ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Coordination of national and international DDR structures and processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"National and international DDR structures and processes should, as far as possible, be jointly developed and coordinated at the policy, planning and operational levels, as explained below. The planning of UN missions and national DDR institutions has not always been sufficiently integrated, reducing the efficiency and effectiveness of both. The success and sustainability of a DDR programme depend on the ability of international expertise and resources to complement and support nationally led processes. A key factor in close coordination is the early consultation of national authorities and parties to the DDR process during UN assessment missions and mission planning processes. International DDR expertise, political support and technical assistance should also be available from the earliest point in the peace process through the establishment of national institutions and programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":653, "Sentence":"The planning of UN missions and national DDR institutions has not always been sufficiently integrated, reducing the efficiency and effectiveness of both.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR planning un mission national ddr institution always sufficiently integrated reducing efficiency effectiveness ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Coordination of national and international DDR structures and processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"National and international DDR structures and processes should, as far as possible, be jointly developed and coordinated at the policy, planning and operational levels, as explained below. The planning of UN missions and national DDR institutions has not always been sufficiently integrated, reducing the efficiency and effectiveness of both. The success and sustainability of a DDR programme depend on the ability of international expertise and resources to complement and support nationally led processes. A key factor in close coordination is the early consultation of national authorities and parties to the DDR process during UN assessment missions and mission planning processes. International DDR expertise, political support and technical assistance should also be available from the earliest point in the peace process through the establishment of national institutions and programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":653, "Sentence":"The success and sustainability of a DDR programme depend on the ability of international expertise and resources to complement and support nationally led processes.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR success sustainability ddr programme depend ability international expertise resource complement support nationally led process ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Coordination of national and international DDR structures and processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"National and international DDR structures and processes should, as far as possible, be jointly developed and coordinated at the policy, planning and operational levels, as explained below. The planning of UN missions and national DDR institutions has not always been sufficiently integrated, reducing the efficiency and effectiveness of both. The success and sustainability of a DDR programme depend on the ability of international expertise and resources to complement and support nationally led processes. A key factor in close coordination is the early consultation of national authorities and parties to the DDR process during UN assessment missions and mission planning processes. International DDR expertise, political support and technical assistance should also be available from the earliest point in the peace process through the establishment of national institutions and programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":653, "Sentence":"A key factor in close coordination is the early consultation of national authorities and parties to the DDR process during UN assessment missions and mission planning processes.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR key factor close coordination early consultation national authority party ddr process un assessment mission mission planning process ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Coordination of national and international DDR structures and processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"National and international DDR structures and processes should, as far as possible, be jointly developed and coordinated at the policy, planning and operational levels, as explained below. The planning of UN missions and national DDR institutions has not always been sufficiently integrated, reducing the efficiency and effectiveness of both. The success and sustainability of a DDR programme depend on the ability of international expertise and resources to complement and support nationally led processes. A key factor in close coordination is the early consultation of national authorities and parties to the DDR process during UN assessment missions and mission planning processes. International DDR expertise, political support and technical assistance should also be available from the earliest point in the peace process through the establishment of national institutions and programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":653, "Sentence":"International DDR expertise, political support and technical assistance should also be available from the earliest point in the peace process through the establishment of national institutions and programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR international ddr expertise political support technical assistance also available earliest point peace process establishment national institution programme ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Coordination of national and international DDR structures and processes", "Heading2":"7.1. Policy\/Strategic level", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Coordination of national and international efforts at the policy\/strategic level will vary a great deal, depending on the dynamics of the conflict, the parties to the peace process and the role\/mandate of the UN in support of peace-building and recovery, including DDR. However, coordination (and where possible, integration) of national and international efforts will be essential at the following points: \\n ensuring national and local stakeholder participation in UN assessment and mission planning exercises (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures). National stakeholders should be consulted and, where possible, participate fully in the initial planning phases of international support for DDR; \\n providing international support for the establishment of an NCDDR or political over- sight mechanisms; \\n coordinating bilateral and multilateral actors to ensure a coherent message on DDR and to support national institutions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":654, "Sentence":"Coordination of national and international efforts at the policy\/strategic level will vary a great deal, depending on the dynamics of the conflict, the parties to the peace process and the role\/mandate of the UN in support of peace-building and recovery, including DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR coordination national international effort policy\/strategic level vary great deal depending dynamic conflict party peace process role\/mandate un support peacebuilding recovery including ddr ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Coordination of national and international DDR structures and processes", "Heading2":"7.1. Policy\/Strategic level", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Coordination of national and international efforts at the policy\/strategic level will vary a great deal, depending on the dynamics of the conflict, the parties to the peace process and the role\/mandate of the UN in support of peace-building and recovery, including DDR. However, coordination (and where possible, integration) of national and international efforts will be essential at the following points: \\n ensuring national and local stakeholder participation in UN assessment and mission planning exercises (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures). National stakeholders should be consulted and, where possible, participate fully in the initial planning phases of international support for DDR; \\n providing international support for the establishment of an NCDDR or political over- sight mechanisms; \\n coordinating bilateral and multilateral actors to ensure a coherent message on DDR and to support national institutions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":654, "Sentence":"However, coordination (and where possible, integration) of national and international efforts will be essential at the following points: \\n ensuring national and local stakeholder participation in UN assessment and mission planning exercises (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures).", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR however coordination possible integration national international effort essential following point n ensuring national local stakeholder participation un assessment mission planning exercise also see iddrs 3.10 integrated ddr planning process structure ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Coordination of national and international DDR structures and processes", "Heading2":"7.1. Policy\/Strategic level", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Coordination of national and international efforts at the policy\/strategic level will vary a great deal, depending on the dynamics of the conflict, the parties to the peace process and the role\/mandate of the UN in support of peace-building and recovery, including DDR. However, coordination (and where possible, integration) of national and international efforts will be essential at the following points: \\n ensuring national and local stakeholder participation in UN assessment and mission planning exercises (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures). National stakeholders should be consulted and, where possible, participate fully in the initial planning phases of international support for DDR; \\n providing international support for the establishment of an NCDDR or political over- sight mechanisms; \\n coordinating bilateral and multilateral actors to ensure a coherent message on DDR and to support national institutions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":654, "Sentence":"National stakeholders should be consulted and, where possible, participate fully in the initial planning phases of international support for DDR; \\n providing international support for the establishment of an NCDDR or political over- sight mechanisms; \\n coordinating bilateral and multilateral actors to ensure a coherent message on DDR and to support national institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR national stakeholder consulted possible participate fully initial planning phase international support ddr n providing international support establishment ncddr political sight mechanism n coordinating bilateral multilateral actor ensure coherent message ddr support national institution ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Coordination of national and international DDR structures and processes", "Heading2":"7.2. Planning and technical levels", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Coordination of national and international efforts at the planning and technical levels is important to ensure that the national DDR programme and UN support for DDR operations work together in an integrated and coherent way. It is important to ensure coordination at the following points: \\n in national DDR programme development; \\n in the development of DDR programmes of UN mission and agencies; \\n in technical coordination with bilateral partners and NGOs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":655, "Sentence":"Coordination of national and international efforts at the planning and technical levels is important to ensure that the national DDR programme and UN support for DDR operations work together in an integrated and coherent way.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR coordination national international effort planning technical level important ensure national ddr programme un support ddr operation work together integrated coherent way ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Coordination of national and international DDR structures and processes", "Heading2":"7.2. Planning and technical levels", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Coordination of national and international efforts at the planning and technical levels is important to ensure that the national DDR programme and UN support for DDR operations work together in an integrated and coherent way. It is important to ensure coordination at the following points: \\n in national DDR programme development; \\n in the development of DDR programmes of UN mission and agencies; \\n in technical coordination with bilateral partners and NGOs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":655, "Sentence":"It is important to ensure coordination at the following points: \\n in national DDR programme development; \\n in the development of DDR programmes of UN mission and agencies; \\n in technical coordination with bilateral partners and NGOs.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR important ensure coordination following point n national ddr programme development n development ddr programme un mission agency n technical coordination bilateral partner ngo ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Coordination of national and international DDR structures and processes", "Heading2":"7.3. Implementation\/Operational level", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Coordination between the national DDR agency and UN mission\/system at the operational level should be established through the following: \\n the establishment of a JIU with mixed national\/international staff; \\n the provision of international technical assistance for implementation; \\n the coordination of national and international implementing agencies\/partners.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":656, "Sentence":"Coordination between the national DDR agency and UN mission\/system at the operational level should be established through the following: \\n the establishment of a JIU with mixed national\/international staff; \\n the provision of international technical assistance for implementation; \\n the coordination of national and international implementing agencies\/partners.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR coordination national ddr agency un mission\/system operational level established following n establishment jiu mixed national\/international staff n provision international technical assistance implementation n coordination national international implementing agencies\/partners ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The DDR of ex-combatants in countries emerging from conflict is complex and involves many different activities. Flexibility and a sound analysis of local needs and contexts are the most essential requirements for designing a UN strategy in support of DDR. It is im- portant to establish the context in which DDR is taking place and the existing capacities of national and local actors to develop, manage and implement DDR operations.The UN recognizes that a genuine, effective and broad national ownership of the DDR process is important for the successful implementation of the disarmament and demobili- zation process, and that this is essential for the sustainability of the reintegration of ex- combatants into post-conflict society. The UN should work to encourage genuine, effective and broad national ownership at all phases of the DDR programme, wherever possible.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":657, "Sentence":"The DDR of ex-combatants in countries emerging from conflict is complex and involves many different activities.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR ddr excombatants country emerging conflict complex involves many different activity ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The DDR of ex-combatants in countries emerging from conflict is complex and involves many different activities. Flexibility and a sound analysis of local needs and contexts are the most essential requirements for designing a UN strategy in support of DDR. It is im- portant to establish the context in which DDR is taking place and the existing capacities of national and local actors to develop, manage and implement DDR operations.The UN recognizes that a genuine, effective and broad national ownership of the DDR process is important for the successful implementation of the disarmament and demobili- zation process, and that this is essential for the sustainability of the reintegration of ex- combatants into post-conflict society. The UN should work to encourage genuine, effective and broad national ownership at all phases of the DDR programme, wherever possible.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":657, "Sentence":"Flexibility and a sound analysis of local needs and contexts are the most essential requirements for designing a UN strategy in support of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR flexibility sound analysis local need context essential requirement designing un strategy support ddr ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The DDR of ex-combatants in countries emerging from conflict is complex and involves many different activities. Flexibility and a sound analysis of local needs and contexts are the most essential requirements for designing a UN strategy in support of DDR. It is im- portant to establish the context in which DDR is taking place and the existing capacities of national and local actors to develop, manage and implement DDR operations.The UN recognizes that a genuine, effective and broad national ownership of the DDR process is important for the successful implementation of the disarmament and demobili- zation process, and that this is essential for the sustainability of the reintegration of ex- combatants into post-conflict society. The UN should work to encourage genuine, effective and broad national ownership at all phases of the DDR programme, wherever possible.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":657, "Sentence":"It is im- portant to establish the context in which DDR is taking place and the existing capacities of national and local actors to develop, manage and implement DDR operations.The UN recognizes that a genuine, effective and broad national ownership of the DDR process is important for the successful implementation of the disarmament and demobili- zation process, and that this is essential for the sustainability of the reintegration of ex- combatants into post-conflict society.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR im portant establish context ddr taking place existing capacity national local actor develop manage implement ddr operations.the un recognizes genuine effective broad national ownership ddr process important successful implementation disarmament demobili zation process essential sustainability reintegration ex combatant postconflict society ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The DDR of ex-combatants in countries emerging from conflict is complex and involves many different activities. Flexibility and a sound analysis of local needs and contexts are the most essential requirements for designing a UN strategy in support of DDR. It is im- portant to establish the context in which DDR is taking place and the existing capacities of national and local actors to develop, manage and implement DDR operations.The UN recognizes that a genuine, effective and broad national ownership of the DDR process is important for the successful implementation of the disarmament and demobili- zation process, and that this is essential for the sustainability of the reintegration of ex- combatants into post-conflict society. The UN should work to encourage genuine, effective and broad national ownership at all phases of the DDR programme, wherever possible.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":657, "Sentence":"The UN should work to encourage genuine, effective and broad national ownership at all phases of the DDR programme, wherever possible.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR un work encourage genuine effective broad national ownership phase ddr programme wherever possible ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"8.1. Considerations in defining the role of the UN", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The UN approach to the planning, management and monitoring of DDR programmes in a peacekeeping environment should be informed by the following factors: \\n Strength and legitimacy of governments: Post-conflict governments and their attendant bureaucracies may vary widely in terms of their strength and viability; their legitimacy in the eyes of the population; their level of existing capacities for programme devel- opment and management; the territorial extent and scope of government authority; and the degree to which the State has a monopoly over the means of violence in its territory. Taken together, these will affect the degree to which a given government can take effective ownership of and responsibility for DDR; \\n Technical capacities and knowledge: Even when post-conflict governments are legitimate and capable, they may lack the specific technical knowledge that is needed to link DDR to a national reconstruction plan and SSR; \\n Participation of civil society: In many post-conflict situations, civil society may have been repressed or marginalized and lack access to political decision-making processes. The representation of civil society at all levels in the body politic is essential, and the UN should support the participation and engagement of civil society in DDR processes wherever possible. Possible roles may include involvement in the policy development process (and particularly its link with transitional justice and equity issues); assistance with the identification of people associated with armed groups and forces, especially women and children; and implementing (particularly focusing on the involvement of local communities) and monitoring the effectiveness of DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":658, "Sentence":"The UN approach to the planning, management and monitoring of DDR programmes in a peacekeeping environment should be informed by the following factors: \\n Strength and legitimacy of governments: Post-conflict governments and their attendant bureaucracies may vary widely in terms of their strength and viability; their legitimacy in the eyes of the population; their level of existing capacities for programme devel- opment and management; the territorial extent and scope of government authority; and the degree to which the State has a monopoly over the means of violence in its territory.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR un approach planning management monitoring ddr programme peacekeeping environment informed following factor n strength legitimacy government postconflict government attendant bureaucracy may vary widely term strength viability legitimacy eye population level existing capacity programme devel opment management territorial extent scope government authority degree state monopoly mean violence territory ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"8.1. Considerations in defining the role of the UN", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The UN approach to the planning, management and monitoring of DDR programmes in a peacekeeping environment should be informed by the following factors: \\n Strength and legitimacy of governments: Post-conflict governments and their attendant bureaucracies may vary widely in terms of their strength and viability; their legitimacy in the eyes of the population; their level of existing capacities for programme devel- opment and management; the territorial extent and scope of government authority; and the degree to which the State has a monopoly over the means of violence in its territory. Taken together, these will affect the degree to which a given government can take effective ownership of and responsibility for DDR; \\n Technical capacities and knowledge: Even when post-conflict governments are legitimate and capable, they may lack the specific technical knowledge that is needed to link DDR to a national reconstruction plan and SSR; \\n Participation of civil society: In many post-conflict situations, civil society may have been repressed or marginalized and lack access to political decision-making processes. The representation of civil society at all levels in the body politic is essential, and the UN should support the participation and engagement of civil society in DDR processes wherever possible. Possible roles may include involvement in the policy development process (and particularly its link with transitional justice and equity issues); assistance with the identification of people associated with armed groups and forces, especially women and children; and implementing (particularly focusing on the involvement of local communities) and monitoring the effectiveness of DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":658, "Sentence":"Taken together, these will affect the degree to which a given government can take effective ownership of and responsibility for DDR; \\n Technical capacities and knowledge: Even when post-conflict governments are legitimate and capable, they may lack the specific technical knowledge that is needed to link DDR to a national reconstruction plan and SSR; \\n Participation of civil society: In many post-conflict situations, civil society may have been repressed or marginalized and lack access to political decision-making processes.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR taken together affect degree given government take effective ownership responsibility ddr n technical capacity knowledge even postconflict government legitimate capable may lack specific technical knowledge needed link ddr national reconstruction plan ssr n participation civil society many postconflict situation civil society may repressed marginalized lack access political decisionmaking process ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"8.1. Considerations in defining the role of the UN", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The UN approach to the planning, management and monitoring of DDR programmes in a peacekeeping environment should be informed by the following factors: \\n Strength and legitimacy of governments: Post-conflict governments and their attendant bureaucracies may vary widely in terms of their strength and viability; their legitimacy in the eyes of the population; their level of existing capacities for programme devel- opment and management; the territorial extent and scope of government authority; and the degree to which the State has a monopoly over the means of violence in its territory. Taken together, these will affect the degree to which a given government can take effective ownership of and responsibility for DDR; \\n Technical capacities and knowledge: Even when post-conflict governments are legitimate and capable, they may lack the specific technical knowledge that is needed to link DDR to a national reconstruction plan and SSR; \\n Participation of civil society: In many post-conflict situations, civil society may have been repressed or marginalized and lack access to political decision-making processes. The representation of civil society at all levels in the body politic is essential, and the UN should support the participation and engagement of civil society in DDR processes wherever possible. Possible roles may include involvement in the policy development process (and particularly its link with transitional justice and equity issues); assistance with the identification of people associated with armed groups and forces, especially women and children; and implementing (particularly focusing on the involvement of local communities) and monitoring the effectiveness of DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":658, "Sentence":"The representation of civil society at all levels in the body politic is essential, and the UN should support the participation and engagement of civil society in DDR processes wherever possible.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR representation civil society level body politic essential un support participation engagement civil society ddr process wherever possible ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"8.1. Considerations in defining the role of the UN", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The UN approach to the planning, management and monitoring of DDR programmes in a peacekeeping environment should be informed by the following factors: \\n Strength and legitimacy of governments: Post-conflict governments and their attendant bureaucracies may vary widely in terms of their strength and viability; their legitimacy in the eyes of the population; their level of existing capacities for programme devel- opment and management; the territorial extent and scope of government authority; and the degree to which the State has a monopoly over the means of violence in its territory. Taken together, these will affect the degree to which a given government can take effective ownership of and responsibility for DDR; \\n Technical capacities and knowledge: Even when post-conflict governments are legitimate and capable, they may lack the specific technical knowledge that is needed to link DDR to a national reconstruction plan and SSR; \\n Participation of civil society: In many post-conflict situations, civil society may have been repressed or marginalized and lack access to political decision-making processes. The representation of civil society at all levels in the body politic is essential, and the UN should support the participation and engagement of civil society in DDR processes wherever possible. Possible roles may include involvement in the policy development process (and particularly its link with transitional justice and equity issues); assistance with the identification of people associated with armed groups and forces, especially women and children; and implementing (particularly focusing on the involvement of local communities) and monitoring the effectiveness of DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":658, "Sentence":"Possible roles may include involvement in the policy development process (and particularly its link with transitional justice and equity issues); assistance with the identification of people associated with armed groups and forces, especially women and children; and implementing (particularly focusing on the involvement of local communities) and monitoring the effectiveness of DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR possible role may include involvement policy development process particularly link transitional justice equity issue assistance identification people associated armed group force especially woman child implementing particularly focusing involvement local community monitoring effectiveness ddr programme ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"8.1.1. Letter of agreement", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The national stakeholders and the UN should establish a letter of agreement where the government and relevant national stakeholders outline their respective roles and responsi- bilities; establish commitments to DDR according to international standards; establish links to SSR (including plans for future military size and budget, military unification, and restruc- turing, where relevant); and outline humanitarian activities and reconstruction\/recovery efforts.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":659, "Sentence":"The national stakeholders and the UN should establish a letter of agreement where the government and relevant national stakeholders outline their respective roles and responsi- bilities; establish commitments to DDR according to international standards; establish links to SSR (including plans for future military size and budget, military unification, and restruc- turing, where relevant); and outline humanitarian activities and reconstruction\/recovery efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR national stakeholder un establish letter agreement government relevant national stakeholder outline respective role responsi bilities establish commitment ddr according international standard establish link ssr including plan future military size budget military unification restruc turing relevant outline humanitarian activity reconstruction\/recovery effort ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"8.2. Areas of UN support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"UN support to national efforts take place in the following areas (the actual degree of UN engagement should be determined on the basis of the considerations outlined above): \\n Political\/Strategic support: In order for the international community to provide political support to the DDR process, it is essential to understand the dynamics of both the conflict and the post-conflict period. By carrying out a stakeholder analysis (as part of a larger conflict assessment process), it will be possible to better understand the dynam- ics among national actors, and to identify DDR supporters and potential spoilers; \\n Institutional capacity development: It is important that capacity development strategies are established jointly with national authorities at the start of international involvement in DDR to ensure that the parties themselves take ownership of and responsibility for the success of the process. The UN system should play an important role in supporting the development of national and local capacities for DDR through providing technical assistance, establishing partnership arrangements with national institutions, and pro- viding training and capacity-building to local implementing partners; \\n Support for the establishment of legal frameworks: A key area in which international exper- tise can support the development of national capacities is in the drawing up of legal frameworks for DDR and related processes of SSR and weapons management. The UN system should draw on experiences from a range of political and legal systems, and assist national authorities in drafting appropriate legislation and legal instruments; \\n Technical assistance for policy and planning: Through the provision of technical assistance, the UN system should provide direct support to the development of national DDR policy and programmes. It is important to ensure, however, that this assistance is provided through partnership or mentoring arrangements that allow for knowledge and skills transfers to national staff, and to avoid situations where international experts take direct responsibility for programme functions within national institutions. When several international institutions are providing technical assistance to national authori- ties, it is important to ensure that this assistance is coordinated and coherent; \\n Direct support for implementation and financial management: The UN system may also be called upon, either by Security Council mandate or at the request of national authorities, to provide direct support for the implementation of certain components of a DDR pro- gramme, including the financial management of resources for DDR. A memorandum of understanding should be established between the UN and national authorities that defines the precise area of responsibility for programme delivery, mechanisms for co- ordination with local partners and clear reporting responsibilities; \\n Material\/Logistic support: In the post-conflict period, many national institutions lack both material and human resources. The UN system should provide material and logistic support to national DDR institutions and implementing agencies, particularly in the areas of: information and communications technology and equipment; transportation; rehabilitation, design and management of DDR sites, transit centres and other facilities; the establishment of information management and referral systems; and the procurement of basic goods for reinsertion kits, among others (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration); \\n Training programmes for national staff: The UN system should further support capacity development through the provision of training. There are a number of different training methodologies, including the provision of courses or seminars, training of trainers, on- the-job or continuous training, and exchanges with experts from other national DDR institutions. Although shortage of time and money may limit the training options that can be offered, it is important that the approach chosen builds skills through a continuous process of capacity development that transfers skills to local actors; \\n Support to local capacity development and community empowerment: Through local capacity development and community empowerment, the UN system should support local ownership of DDR processes and programmes. Since the success of the DDR process depends largely on the reintegration of individuals at the community level, it is im- portant to ensure that capacity development efforts are not restricted to assisting national authorities, but include direct support to communities in areas of reintegration. In particular, international agencies can help to build local capacities for participation in assessment and planning processes, project and financial management, reporting, and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":660, "Sentence":"UN support to national efforts take place in the following areas (the actual degree of UN engagement should be determined on the basis of the considerations outlined above): \\n Political\/Strategic support: In order for the international community to provide political support to the DDR process, it is essential to understand the dynamics of both the conflict and the post-conflict period.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR un support national effort take place following area actual degree un engagement determined basis consideration outlined n political\/strategic support order international community provide political support ddr process essential understand dynamic conflict postconflict period ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"8.2. Areas of UN support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"UN support to national efforts take place in the following areas (the actual degree of UN engagement should be determined on the basis of the considerations outlined above): \\n Political\/Strategic support: In order for the international community to provide political support to the DDR process, it is essential to understand the dynamics of both the conflict and the post-conflict period. By carrying out a stakeholder analysis (as part of a larger conflict assessment process), it will be possible to better understand the dynam- ics among national actors, and to identify DDR supporters and potential spoilers; \\n Institutional capacity development: It is important that capacity development strategies are established jointly with national authorities at the start of international involvement in DDR to ensure that the parties themselves take ownership of and responsibility for the success of the process. The UN system should play an important role in supporting the development of national and local capacities for DDR through providing technical assistance, establishing partnership arrangements with national institutions, and pro- viding training and capacity-building to local implementing partners; \\n Support for the establishment of legal frameworks: A key area in which international exper- tise can support the development of national capacities is in the drawing up of legal frameworks for DDR and related processes of SSR and weapons management. The UN system should draw on experiences from a range of political and legal systems, and assist national authorities in drafting appropriate legislation and legal instruments; \\n Technical assistance for policy and planning: Through the provision of technical assistance, the UN system should provide direct support to the development of national DDR policy and programmes. It is important to ensure, however, that this assistance is provided through partnership or mentoring arrangements that allow for knowledge and skills transfers to national staff, and to avoid situations where international experts take direct responsibility for programme functions within national institutions. When several international institutions are providing technical assistance to national authori- ties, it is important to ensure that this assistance is coordinated and coherent; \\n Direct support for implementation and financial management: The UN system may also be called upon, either by Security Council mandate or at the request of national authorities, to provide direct support for the implementation of certain components of a DDR pro- gramme, including the financial management of resources for DDR. A memorandum of understanding should be established between the UN and national authorities that defines the precise area of responsibility for programme delivery, mechanisms for co- ordination with local partners and clear reporting responsibilities; \\n Material\/Logistic support: In the post-conflict period, many national institutions lack both material and human resources. The UN system should provide material and logistic support to national DDR institutions and implementing agencies, particularly in the areas of: information and communications technology and equipment; transportation; rehabilitation, design and management of DDR sites, transit centres and other facilities; the establishment of information management and referral systems; and the procurement of basic goods for reinsertion kits, among others (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration); \\n Training programmes for national staff: The UN system should further support capacity development through the provision of training. There are a number of different training methodologies, including the provision of courses or seminars, training of trainers, on- the-job or continuous training, and exchanges with experts from other national DDR institutions. Although shortage of time and money may limit the training options that can be offered, it is important that the approach chosen builds skills through a continuous process of capacity development that transfers skills to local actors; \\n Support to local capacity development and community empowerment: Through local capacity development and community empowerment, the UN system should support local ownership of DDR processes and programmes. Since the success of the DDR process depends largely on the reintegration of individuals at the community level, it is im- portant to ensure that capacity development efforts are not restricted to assisting national authorities, but include direct support to communities in areas of reintegration. In particular, international agencies can help to build local capacities for participation in assessment and planning processes, project and financial management, reporting, and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":660, "Sentence":"By carrying out a stakeholder analysis (as part of a larger conflict assessment process), it will be possible to better understand the dynam- ics among national actors, and to identify DDR supporters and potential spoilers; \\n Institutional capacity development: It is important that capacity development strategies are established jointly with national authorities at the start of international involvement in DDR to ensure that the parties themselves take ownership of and responsibility for the success of the process.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR carrying stakeholder analysis part larger conflict assessment process possible better understand dynam ic among national actor identify ddr supporter potential spoiler n institutional capacity development important capacity development strategy established jointly national authority start international involvement ddr ensure party take ownership responsibility success process ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"8.2. Areas of UN support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"UN support to national efforts take place in the following areas (the actual degree of UN engagement should be determined on the basis of the considerations outlined above): \\n Political\/Strategic support: In order for the international community to provide political support to the DDR process, it is essential to understand the dynamics of both the conflict and the post-conflict period. By carrying out a stakeholder analysis (as part of a larger conflict assessment process), it will be possible to better understand the dynam- ics among national actors, and to identify DDR supporters and potential spoilers; \\n Institutional capacity development: It is important that capacity development strategies are established jointly with national authorities at the start of international involvement in DDR to ensure that the parties themselves take ownership of and responsibility for the success of the process. The UN system should play an important role in supporting the development of national and local capacities for DDR through providing technical assistance, establishing partnership arrangements with national institutions, and pro- viding training and capacity-building to local implementing partners; \\n Support for the establishment of legal frameworks: A key area in which international exper- tise can support the development of national capacities is in the drawing up of legal frameworks for DDR and related processes of SSR and weapons management. The UN system should draw on experiences from a range of political and legal systems, and assist national authorities in drafting appropriate legislation and legal instruments; \\n Technical assistance for policy and planning: Through the provision of technical assistance, the UN system should provide direct support to the development of national DDR policy and programmes. It is important to ensure, however, that this assistance is provided through partnership or mentoring arrangements that allow for knowledge and skills transfers to national staff, and to avoid situations where international experts take direct responsibility for programme functions within national institutions. When several international institutions are providing technical assistance to national authori- ties, it is important to ensure that this assistance is coordinated and coherent; \\n Direct support for implementation and financial management: The UN system may also be called upon, either by Security Council mandate or at the request of national authorities, to provide direct support for the implementation of certain components of a DDR pro- gramme, including the financial management of resources for DDR. A memorandum of understanding should be established between the UN and national authorities that defines the precise area of responsibility for programme delivery, mechanisms for co- ordination with local partners and clear reporting responsibilities; \\n Material\/Logistic support: In the post-conflict period, many national institutions lack both material and human resources. The UN system should provide material and logistic support to national DDR institutions and implementing agencies, particularly in the areas of: information and communications technology and equipment; transportation; rehabilitation, design and management of DDR sites, transit centres and other facilities; the establishment of information management and referral systems; and the procurement of basic goods for reinsertion kits, among others (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration); \\n Training programmes for national staff: The UN system should further support capacity development through the provision of training. There are a number of different training methodologies, including the provision of courses or seminars, training of trainers, on- the-job or continuous training, and exchanges with experts from other national DDR institutions. Although shortage of time and money may limit the training options that can be offered, it is important that the approach chosen builds skills through a continuous process of capacity development that transfers skills to local actors; \\n Support to local capacity development and community empowerment: Through local capacity development and community empowerment, the UN system should support local ownership of DDR processes and programmes. Since the success of the DDR process depends largely on the reintegration of individuals at the community level, it is im- portant to ensure that capacity development efforts are not restricted to assisting national authorities, but include direct support to communities in areas of reintegration. In particular, international agencies can help to build local capacities for participation in assessment and planning processes, project and financial management, reporting, and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":660, "Sentence":"The UN system should play an important role in supporting the development of national and local capacities for DDR through providing technical assistance, establishing partnership arrangements with national institutions, and pro- viding training and capacity-building to local implementing partners; \\n Support for the establishment of legal frameworks: A key area in which international exper- tise can support the development of national capacities is in the drawing up of legal frameworks for DDR and related processes of SSR and weapons management.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR un system play important role supporting development national local capacity ddr providing technical assistance establishing partnership arrangement national institution pro viding training capacitybuilding local implementing partner n support establishment legal framework key area international exper tise support development national capacity drawing legal framework ddr related process ssr weapon management ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"8.2. Areas of UN support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"UN support to national efforts take place in the following areas (the actual degree of UN engagement should be determined on the basis of the considerations outlined above): \\n Political\/Strategic support: In order for the international community to provide political support to the DDR process, it is essential to understand the dynamics of both the conflict and the post-conflict period. By carrying out a stakeholder analysis (as part of a larger conflict assessment process), it will be possible to better understand the dynam- ics among national actors, and to identify DDR supporters and potential spoilers; \\n Institutional capacity development: It is important that capacity development strategies are established jointly with national authorities at the start of international involvement in DDR to ensure that the parties themselves take ownership of and responsibility for the success of the process. The UN system should play an important role in supporting the development of national and local capacities for DDR through providing technical assistance, establishing partnership arrangements with national institutions, and pro- viding training and capacity-building to local implementing partners; \\n Support for the establishment of legal frameworks: A key area in which international exper- tise can support the development of national capacities is in the drawing up of legal frameworks for DDR and related processes of SSR and weapons management. The UN system should draw on experiences from a range of political and legal systems, and assist national authorities in drafting appropriate legislation and legal instruments; \\n Technical assistance for policy and planning: Through the provision of technical assistance, the UN system should provide direct support to the development of national DDR policy and programmes. It is important to ensure, however, that this assistance is provided through partnership or mentoring arrangements that allow for knowledge and skills transfers to national staff, and to avoid situations where international experts take direct responsibility for programme functions within national institutions. When several international institutions are providing technical assistance to national authori- ties, it is important to ensure that this assistance is coordinated and coherent; \\n Direct support for implementation and financial management: The UN system may also be called upon, either by Security Council mandate or at the request of national authorities, to provide direct support for the implementation of certain components of a DDR pro- gramme, including the financial management of resources for DDR. A memorandum of understanding should be established between the UN and national authorities that defines the precise area of responsibility for programme delivery, mechanisms for co- ordination with local partners and clear reporting responsibilities; \\n Material\/Logistic support: In the post-conflict period, many national institutions lack both material and human resources. The UN system should provide material and logistic support to national DDR institutions and implementing agencies, particularly in the areas of: information and communications technology and equipment; transportation; rehabilitation, design and management of DDR sites, transit centres and other facilities; the establishment of information management and referral systems; and the procurement of basic goods for reinsertion kits, among others (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration); \\n Training programmes for national staff: The UN system should further support capacity development through the provision of training. There are a number of different training methodologies, including the provision of courses or seminars, training of trainers, on- the-job or continuous training, and exchanges with experts from other national DDR institutions. Although shortage of time and money may limit the training options that can be offered, it is important that the approach chosen builds skills through a continuous process of capacity development that transfers skills to local actors; \\n Support to local capacity development and community empowerment: Through local capacity development and community empowerment, the UN system should support local ownership of DDR processes and programmes. Since the success of the DDR process depends largely on the reintegration of individuals at the community level, it is im- portant to ensure that capacity development efforts are not restricted to assisting national authorities, but include direct support to communities in areas of reintegration. In particular, international agencies can help to build local capacities for participation in assessment and planning processes, project and financial management, reporting, and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":660, "Sentence":"The UN system should draw on experiences from a range of political and legal systems, and assist national authorities in drafting appropriate legislation and legal instruments; \\n Technical assistance for policy and planning: Through the provision of technical assistance, the UN system should provide direct support to the development of national DDR policy and programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR un system draw experience range political legal system assist national authority drafting appropriate legislation legal instrument n technical assistance policy planning provision technical assistance un system provide direct support development national ddr policy programme ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"8.2. Areas of UN support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"UN support to national efforts take place in the following areas (the actual degree of UN engagement should be determined on the basis of the considerations outlined above): \\n Political\/Strategic support: In order for the international community to provide political support to the DDR process, it is essential to understand the dynamics of both the conflict and the post-conflict period. By carrying out a stakeholder analysis (as part of a larger conflict assessment process), it will be possible to better understand the dynam- ics among national actors, and to identify DDR supporters and potential spoilers; \\n Institutional capacity development: It is important that capacity development strategies are established jointly with national authorities at the start of international involvement in DDR to ensure that the parties themselves take ownership of and responsibility for the success of the process. The UN system should play an important role in supporting the development of national and local capacities for DDR through providing technical assistance, establishing partnership arrangements with national institutions, and pro- viding training and capacity-building to local implementing partners; \\n Support for the establishment of legal frameworks: A key area in which international exper- tise can support the development of national capacities is in the drawing up of legal frameworks for DDR and related processes of SSR and weapons management. The UN system should draw on experiences from a range of political and legal systems, and assist national authorities in drafting appropriate legislation and legal instruments; \\n Technical assistance for policy and planning: Through the provision of technical assistance, the UN system should provide direct support to the development of national DDR policy and programmes. It is important to ensure, however, that this assistance is provided through partnership or mentoring arrangements that allow for knowledge and skills transfers to national staff, and to avoid situations where international experts take direct responsibility for programme functions within national institutions. When several international institutions are providing technical assistance to national authori- ties, it is important to ensure that this assistance is coordinated and coherent; \\n Direct support for implementation and financial management: The UN system may also be called upon, either by Security Council mandate or at the request of national authorities, to provide direct support for the implementation of certain components of a DDR pro- gramme, including the financial management of resources for DDR. A memorandum of understanding should be established between the UN and national authorities that defines the precise area of responsibility for programme delivery, mechanisms for co- ordination with local partners and clear reporting responsibilities; \\n Material\/Logistic support: In the post-conflict period, many national institutions lack both material and human resources. The UN system should provide material and logistic support to national DDR institutions and implementing agencies, particularly in the areas of: information and communications technology and equipment; transportation; rehabilitation, design and management of DDR sites, transit centres and other facilities; the establishment of information management and referral systems; and the procurement of basic goods for reinsertion kits, among others (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration); \\n Training programmes for national staff: The UN system should further support capacity development through the provision of training. There are a number of different training methodologies, including the provision of courses or seminars, training of trainers, on- the-job or continuous training, and exchanges with experts from other national DDR institutions. Although shortage of time and money may limit the training options that can be offered, it is important that the approach chosen builds skills through a continuous process of capacity development that transfers skills to local actors; \\n Support to local capacity development and community empowerment: Through local capacity development and community empowerment, the UN system should support local ownership of DDR processes and programmes. Since the success of the DDR process depends largely on the reintegration of individuals at the community level, it is im- portant to ensure that capacity development efforts are not restricted to assisting national authorities, but include direct support to communities in areas of reintegration. In particular, international agencies can help to build local capacities for participation in assessment and planning processes, project and financial management, reporting, and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":660, "Sentence":"It is important to ensure, however, that this assistance is provided through partnership or mentoring arrangements that allow for knowledge and skills transfers to national staff, and to avoid situations where international experts take direct responsibility for programme functions within national institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR important ensure however assistance provided partnership mentoring arrangement allow knowledge skill transfer national staff avoid situation international expert take direct responsibility programme function within national institution ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"8.2. Areas of UN support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"UN support to national efforts take place in the following areas (the actual degree of UN engagement should be determined on the basis of the considerations outlined above): \\n Political\/Strategic support: In order for the international community to provide political support to the DDR process, it is essential to understand the dynamics of both the conflict and the post-conflict period. By carrying out a stakeholder analysis (as part of a larger conflict assessment process), it will be possible to better understand the dynam- ics among national actors, and to identify DDR supporters and potential spoilers; \\n Institutional capacity development: It is important that capacity development strategies are established jointly with national authorities at the start of international involvement in DDR to ensure that the parties themselves take ownership of and responsibility for the success of the process. The UN system should play an important role in supporting the development of national and local capacities for DDR through providing technical assistance, establishing partnership arrangements with national institutions, and pro- viding training and capacity-building to local implementing partners; \\n Support for the establishment of legal frameworks: A key area in which international exper- tise can support the development of national capacities is in the drawing up of legal frameworks for DDR and related processes of SSR and weapons management. The UN system should draw on experiences from a range of political and legal systems, and assist national authorities in drafting appropriate legislation and legal instruments; \\n Technical assistance for policy and planning: Through the provision of technical assistance, the UN system should provide direct support to the development of national DDR policy and programmes. It is important to ensure, however, that this assistance is provided through partnership or mentoring arrangements that allow for knowledge and skills transfers to national staff, and to avoid situations where international experts take direct responsibility for programme functions within national institutions. When several international institutions are providing technical assistance to national authori- ties, it is important to ensure that this assistance is coordinated and coherent; \\n Direct support for implementation and financial management: The UN system may also be called upon, either by Security Council mandate or at the request of national authorities, to provide direct support for the implementation of certain components of a DDR pro- gramme, including the financial management of resources for DDR. A memorandum of understanding should be established between the UN and national authorities that defines the precise area of responsibility for programme delivery, mechanisms for co- ordination with local partners and clear reporting responsibilities; \\n Material\/Logistic support: In the post-conflict period, many national institutions lack both material and human resources. The UN system should provide material and logistic support to national DDR institutions and implementing agencies, particularly in the areas of: information and communications technology and equipment; transportation; rehabilitation, design and management of DDR sites, transit centres and other facilities; the establishment of information management and referral systems; and the procurement of basic goods for reinsertion kits, among others (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration); \\n Training programmes for national staff: The UN system should further support capacity development through the provision of training. There are a number of different training methodologies, including the provision of courses or seminars, training of trainers, on- the-job or continuous training, and exchanges with experts from other national DDR institutions. Although shortage of time and money may limit the training options that can be offered, it is important that the approach chosen builds skills through a continuous process of capacity development that transfers skills to local actors; \\n Support to local capacity development and community empowerment: Through local capacity development and community empowerment, the UN system should support local ownership of DDR processes and programmes. Since the success of the DDR process depends largely on the reintegration of individuals at the community level, it is im- portant to ensure that capacity development efforts are not restricted to assisting national authorities, but include direct support to communities in areas of reintegration. In particular, international agencies can help to build local capacities for participation in assessment and planning processes, project and financial management, reporting, and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":660, "Sentence":"When several international institutions are providing technical assistance to national authori- ties, it is important to ensure that this assistance is coordinated and coherent; \\n Direct support for implementation and financial management: The UN system may also be called upon, either by Security Council mandate or at the request of national authorities, to provide direct support for the implementation of certain components of a DDR pro- gramme, including the financial management of resources for DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR several international institution providing technical assistance national authori tie important ensure assistance coordinated coherent n direct support implementation financial management un system may also called upon either security council mandate request national authority provide direct support implementation certain component ddr pro gramme including financial management resource ddr ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"8.2. Areas of UN support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"UN support to national efforts take place in the following areas (the actual degree of UN engagement should be determined on the basis of the considerations outlined above): \\n Political\/Strategic support: In order for the international community to provide political support to the DDR process, it is essential to understand the dynamics of both the conflict and the post-conflict period. By carrying out a stakeholder analysis (as part of a larger conflict assessment process), it will be possible to better understand the dynam- ics among national actors, and to identify DDR supporters and potential spoilers; \\n Institutional capacity development: It is important that capacity development strategies are established jointly with national authorities at the start of international involvement in DDR to ensure that the parties themselves take ownership of and responsibility for the success of the process. The UN system should play an important role in supporting the development of national and local capacities for DDR through providing technical assistance, establishing partnership arrangements with national institutions, and pro- viding training and capacity-building to local implementing partners; \\n Support for the establishment of legal frameworks: A key area in which international exper- tise can support the development of national capacities is in the drawing up of legal frameworks for DDR and related processes of SSR and weapons management. The UN system should draw on experiences from a range of political and legal systems, and assist national authorities in drafting appropriate legislation and legal instruments; \\n Technical assistance for policy and planning: Through the provision of technical assistance, the UN system should provide direct support to the development of national DDR policy and programmes. It is important to ensure, however, that this assistance is provided through partnership or mentoring arrangements that allow for knowledge and skills transfers to national staff, and to avoid situations where international experts take direct responsibility for programme functions within national institutions. When several international institutions are providing technical assistance to national authori- ties, it is important to ensure that this assistance is coordinated and coherent; \\n Direct support for implementation and financial management: The UN system may also be called upon, either by Security Council mandate or at the request of national authorities, to provide direct support for the implementation of certain components of a DDR pro- gramme, including the financial management of resources for DDR. A memorandum of understanding should be established between the UN and national authorities that defines the precise area of responsibility for programme delivery, mechanisms for co- ordination with local partners and clear reporting responsibilities; \\n Material\/Logistic support: In the post-conflict period, many national institutions lack both material and human resources. The UN system should provide material and logistic support to national DDR institutions and implementing agencies, particularly in the areas of: information and communications technology and equipment; transportation; rehabilitation, design and management of DDR sites, transit centres and other facilities; the establishment of information management and referral systems; and the procurement of basic goods for reinsertion kits, among others (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration); \\n Training programmes for national staff: The UN system should further support capacity development through the provision of training. There are a number of different training methodologies, including the provision of courses or seminars, training of trainers, on- the-job or continuous training, and exchanges with experts from other national DDR institutions. Although shortage of time and money may limit the training options that can be offered, it is important that the approach chosen builds skills through a continuous process of capacity development that transfers skills to local actors; \\n Support to local capacity development and community empowerment: Through local capacity development and community empowerment, the UN system should support local ownership of DDR processes and programmes. Since the success of the DDR process depends largely on the reintegration of individuals at the community level, it is im- portant to ensure that capacity development efforts are not restricted to assisting national authorities, but include direct support to communities in areas of reintegration. In particular, international agencies can help to build local capacities for participation in assessment and planning processes, project and financial management, reporting, and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":660, "Sentence":"A memorandum of understanding should be established between the UN and national authorities that defines the precise area of responsibility for programme delivery, mechanisms for co- ordination with local partners and clear reporting responsibilities; \\n Material\/Logistic support: In the post-conflict period, many national institutions lack both material and human resources.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR memorandum understanding established un national authority defines precise area responsibility programme delivery mechanism co ordination local partner clear reporting responsibility n material\/logistic support postconflict period many national institution lack material human resource ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"8.2. Areas of UN support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"UN support to national efforts take place in the following areas (the actual degree of UN engagement should be determined on the basis of the considerations outlined above): \\n Political\/Strategic support: In order for the international community to provide political support to the DDR process, it is essential to understand the dynamics of both the conflict and the post-conflict period. By carrying out a stakeholder analysis (as part of a larger conflict assessment process), it will be possible to better understand the dynam- ics among national actors, and to identify DDR supporters and potential spoilers; \\n Institutional capacity development: It is important that capacity development strategies are established jointly with national authorities at the start of international involvement in DDR to ensure that the parties themselves take ownership of and responsibility for the success of the process. The UN system should play an important role in supporting the development of national and local capacities for DDR through providing technical assistance, establishing partnership arrangements with national institutions, and pro- viding training and capacity-building to local implementing partners; \\n Support for the establishment of legal frameworks: A key area in which international exper- tise can support the development of national capacities is in the drawing up of legal frameworks for DDR and related processes of SSR and weapons management. The UN system should draw on experiences from a range of political and legal systems, and assist national authorities in drafting appropriate legislation and legal instruments; \\n Technical assistance for policy and planning: Through the provision of technical assistance, the UN system should provide direct support to the development of national DDR policy and programmes. It is important to ensure, however, that this assistance is provided through partnership or mentoring arrangements that allow for knowledge and skills transfers to national staff, and to avoid situations where international experts take direct responsibility for programme functions within national institutions. When several international institutions are providing technical assistance to national authori- ties, it is important to ensure that this assistance is coordinated and coherent; \\n Direct support for implementation and financial management: The UN system may also be called upon, either by Security Council mandate or at the request of national authorities, to provide direct support for the implementation of certain components of a DDR pro- gramme, including the financial management of resources for DDR. A memorandum of understanding should be established between the UN and national authorities that defines the precise area of responsibility for programme delivery, mechanisms for co- ordination with local partners and clear reporting responsibilities; \\n Material\/Logistic support: In the post-conflict period, many national institutions lack both material and human resources. The UN system should provide material and logistic support to national DDR institutions and implementing agencies, particularly in the areas of: information and communications technology and equipment; transportation; rehabilitation, design and management of DDR sites, transit centres and other facilities; the establishment of information management and referral systems; and the procurement of basic goods for reinsertion kits, among others (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration); \\n Training programmes for national staff: The UN system should further support capacity development through the provision of training. There are a number of different training methodologies, including the provision of courses or seminars, training of trainers, on- the-job or continuous training, and exchanges with experts from other national DDR institutions. Although shortage of time and money may limit the training options that can be offered, it is important that the approach chosen builds skills through a continuous process of capacity development that transfers skills to local actors; \\n Support to local capacity development and community empowerment: Through local capacity development and community empowerment, the UN system should support local ownership of DDR processes and programmes. Since the success of the DDR process depends largely on the reintegration of individuals at the community level, it is im- portant to ensure that capacity development efforts are not restricted to assisting national authorities, but include direct support to communities in areas of reintegration. In particular, international agencies can help to build local capacities for participation in assessment and planning processes, project and financial management, reporting, and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":660, "Sentence":"The UN system should provide material and logistic support to national DDR institutions and implementing agencies, particularly in the areas of: information and communications technology and equipment; transportation; rehabilitation, design and management of DDR sites, transit centres and other facilities; the establishment of information management and referral systems; and the procurement of basic goods for reinsertion kits, among others (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration); \\n Training programmes for national staff: The UN system should further support capacity development through the provision of training.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR un system provide material logistic support national ddr institution implementing agency particularly area information communication technology equipment transportation rehabilitation design management ddr site transit centre facility establishment information management referral system procurement basic good reinsertion kit among others also see iddrs 4.10 disarmament iddrs 4.20 demobilization iddrs 4.30 social economic reintegration n training programme national staff un system support capacity development provision training ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"8.2. Areas of UN support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"UN support to national efforts take place in the following areas (the actual degree of UN engagement should be determined on the basis of the considerations outlined above): \\n Political\/Strategic support: In order for the international community to provide political support to the DDR process, it is essential to understand the dynamics of both the conflict and the post-conflict period. By carrying out a stakeholder analysis (as part of a larger conflict assessment process), it will be possible to better understand the dynam- ics among national actors, and to identify DDR supporters and potential spoilers; \\n Institutional capacity development: It is important that capacity development strategies are established jointly with national authorities at the start of international involvement in DDR to ensure that the parties themselves take ownership of and responsibility for the success of the process. The UN system should play an important role in supporting the development of national and local capacities for DDR through providing technical assistance, establishing partnership arrangements with national institutions, and pro- viding training and capacity-building to local implementing partners; \\n Support for the establishment of legal frameworks: A key area in which international exper- tise can support the development of national capacities is in the drawing up of legal frameworks for DDR and related processes of SSR and weapons management. The UN system should draw on experiences from a range of political and legal systems, and assist national authorities in drafting appropriate legislation and legal instruments; \\n Technical assistance for policy and planning: Through the provision of technical assistance, the UN system should provide direct support to the development of national DDR policy and programmes. It is important to ensure, however, that this assistance is provided through partnership or mentoring arrangements that allow for knowledge and skills transfers to national staff, and to avoid situations where international experts take direct responsibility for programme functions within national institutions. When several international institutions are providing technical assistance to national authori- ties, it is important to ensure that this assistance is coordinated and coherent; \\n Direct support for implementation and financial management: The UN system may also be called upon, either by Security Council mandate or at the request of national authorities, to provide direct support for the implementation of certain components of a DDR pro- gramme, including the financial management of resources for DDR. A memorandum of understanding should be established between the UN and national authorities that defines the precise area of responsibility for programme delivery, mechanisms for co- ordination with local partners and clear reporting responsibilities; \\n Material\/Logistic support: In the post-conflict period, many national institutions lack both material and human resources. The UN system should provide material and logistic support to national DDR institutions and implementing agencies, particularly in the areas of: information and communications technology and equipment; transportation; rehabilitation, design and management of DDR sites, transit centres and other facilities; the establishment of information management and referral systems; and the procurement of basic goods for reinsertion kits, among others (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration); \\n Training programmes for national staff: The UN system should further support capacity development through the provision of training. There are a number of different training methodologies, including the provision of courses or seminars, training of trainers, on- the-job or continuous training, and exchanges with experts from other national DDR institutions. Although shortage of time and money may limit the training options that can be offered, it is important that the approach chosen builds skills through a continuous process of capacity development that transfers skills to local actors; \\n Support to local capacity development and community empowerment: Through local capacity development and community empowerment, the UN system should support local ownership of DDR processes and programmes. Since the success of the DDR process depends largely on the reintegration of individuals at the community level, it is im- portant to ensure that capacity development efforts are not restricted to assisting national authorities, but include direct support to communities in areas of reintegration. In particular, international agencies can help to build local capacities for participation in assessment and planning processes, project and financial management, reporting, and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":660, "Sentence":"There are a number of different training methodologies, including the provision of courses or seminars, training of trainers, on- the-job or continuous training, and exchanges with experts from other national DDR institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR number different training methodology including provision course seminar training trainer thejob continuous training exchange expert national ddr institution ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"8.2. Areas of UN support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"UN support to national efforts take place in the following areas (the actual degree of UN engagement should be determined on the basis of the considerations outlined above): \\n Political\/Strategic support: In order for the international community to provide political support to the DDR process, it is essential to understand the dynamics of both the conflict and the post-conflict period. By carrying out a stakeholder analysis (as part of a larger conflict assessment process), it will be possible to better understand the dynam- ics among national actors, and to identify DDR supporters and potential spoilers; \\n Institutional capacity development: It is important that capacity development strategies are established jointly with national authorities at the start of international involvement in DDR to ensure that the parties themselves take ownership of and responsibility for the success of the process. The UN system should play an important role in supporting the development of national and local capacities for DDR through providing technical assistance, establishing partnership arrangements with national institutions, and pro- viding training and capacity-building to local implementing partners; \\n Support for the establishment of legal frameworks: A key area in which international exper- tise can support the development of national capacities is in the drawing up of legal frameworks for DDR and related processes of SSR and weapons management. The UN system should draw on experiences from a range of political and legal systems, and assist national authorities in drafting appropriate legislation and legal instruments; \\n Technical assistance for policy and planning: Through the provision of technical assistance, the UN system should provide direct support to the development of national DDR policy and programmes. It is important to ensure, however, that this assistance is provided through partnership or mentoring arrangements that allow for knowledge and skills transfers to national staff, and to avoid situations where international experts take direct responsibility for programme functions within national institutions. When several international institutions are providing technical assistance to national authori- ties, it is important to ensure that this assistance is coordinated and coherent; \\n Direct support for implementation and financial management: The UN system may also be called upon, either by Security Council mandate or at the request of national authorities, to provide direct support for the implementation of certain components of a DDR pro- gramme, including the financial management of resources for DDR. A memorandum of understanding should be established between the UN and national authorities that defines the precise area of responsibility for programme delivery, mechanisms for co- ordination with local partners and clear reporting responsibilities; \\n Material\/Logistic support: In the post-conflict period, many national institutions lack both material and human resources. The UN system should provide material and logistic support to national DDR institutions and implementing agencies, particularly in the areas of: information and communications technology and equipment; transportation; rehabilitation, design and management of DDR sites, transit centres and other facilities; the establishment of information management and referral systems; and the procurement of basic goods for reinsertion kits, among others (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration); \\n Training programmes for national staff: The UN system should further support capacity development through the provision of training. There are a number of different training methodologies, including the provision of courses or seminars, training of trainers, on- the-job or continuous training, and exchanges with experts from other national DDR institutions. Although shortage of time and money may limit the training options that can be offered, it is important that the approach chosen builds skills through a continuous process of capacity development that transfers skills to local actors; \\n Support to local capacity development and community empowerment: Through local capacity development and community empowerment, the UN system should support local ownership of DDR processes and programmes. Since the success of the DDR process depends largely on the reintegration of individuals at the community level, it is im- portant to ensure that capacity development efforts are not restricted to assisting national authorities, but include direct support to communities in areas of reintegration. In particular, international agencies can help to build local capacities for participation in assessment and planning processes, project and financial management, reporting, and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":660, "Sentence":"Although shortage of time and money may limit the training options that can be offered, it is important that the approach chosen builds skills through a continuous process of capacity development that transfers skills to local actors; \\n Support to local capacity development and community empowerment: Through local capacity development and community empowerment, the UN system should support local ownership of DDR processes and programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR although shortage time money may limit training option offered important approach chosen build skill continuous process capacity development transfer skill local actor n support local capacity development community empowerment local capacity development community empowerment un system support local ownership ddr process programme ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"8.2. Areas of UN support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"UN support to national efforts take place in the following areas (the actual degree of UN engagement should be determined on the basis of the considerations outlined above): \\n Political\/Strategic support: In order for the international community to provide political support to the DDR process, it is essential to understand the dynamics of both the conflict and the post-conflict period. By carrying out a stakeholder analysis (as part of a larger conflict assessment process), it will be possible to better understand the dynam- ics among national actors, and to identify DDR supporters and potential spoilers; \\n Institutional capacity development: It is important that capacity development strategies are established jointly with national authorities at the start of international involvement in DDR to ensure that the parties themselves take ownership of and responsibility for the success of the process. The UN system should play an important role in supporting the development of national and local capacities for DDR through providing technical assistance, establishing partnership arrangements with national institutions, and pro- viding training and capacity-building to local implementing partners; \\n Support for the establishment of legal frameworks: A key area in which international exper- tise can support the development of national capacities is in the drawing up of legal frameworks for DDR and related processes of SSR and weapons management. The UN system should draw on experiences from a range of political and legal systems, and assist national authorities in drafting appropriate legislation and legal instruments; \\n Technical assistance for policy and planning: Through the provision of technical assistance, the UN system should provide direct support to the development of national DDR policy and programmes. It is important to ensure, however, that this assistance is provided through partnership or mentoring arrangements that allow for knowledge and skills transfers to national staff, and to avoid situations where international experts take direct responsibility for programme functions within national institutions. When several international institutions are providing technical assistance to national authori- ties, it is important to ensure that this assistance is coordinated and coherent; \\n Direct support for implementation and financial management: The UN system may also be called upon, either by Security Council mandate or at the request of national authorities, to provide direct support for the implementation of certain components of a DDR pro- gramme, including the financial management of resources for DDR. A memorandum of understanding should be established between the UN and national authorities that defines the precise area of responsibility for programme delivery, mechanisms for co- ordination with local partners and clear reporting responsibilities; \\n Material\/Logistic support: In the post-conflict period, many national institutions lack both material and human resources. The UN system should provide material and logistic support to national DDR institutions and implementing agencies, particularly in the areas of: information and communications technology and equipment; transportation; rehabilitation, design and management of DDR sites, transit centres and other facilities; the establishment of information management and referral systems; and the procurement of basic goods for reinsertion kits, among others (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration); \\n Training programmes for national staff: The UN system should further support capacity development through the provision of training. There are a number of different training methodologies, including the provision of courses or seminars, training of trainers, on- the-job or continuous training, and exchanges with experts from other national DDR institutions. Although shortage of time and money may limit the training options that can be offered, it is important that the approach chosen builds skills through a continuous process of capacity development that transfers skills to local actors; \\n Support to local capacity development and community empowerment: Through local capacity development and community empowerment, the UN system should support local ownership of DDR processes and programmes. Since the success of the DDR process depends largely on the reintegration of individuals at the community level, it is im- portant to ensure that capacity development efforts are not restricted to assisting national authorities, but include direct support to communities in areas of reintegration. In particular, international agencies can help to build local capacities for participation in assessment and planning processes, project and financial management, reporting, and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":660, "Sentence":"Since the success of the DDR process depends largely on the reintegration of individuals at the community level, it is im- portant to ensure that capacity development efforts are not restricted to assisting national authorities, but include direct support to communities in areas of reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR since success ddr process depends largely reintegration individual community level im portant ensure capacity development effort restricted assisting national authority include direct support community area reintegration ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of international assistance", "Heading2":"8.2. Areas of UN support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"UN support to national efforts take place in the following areas (the actual degree of UN engagement should be determined on the basis of the considerations outlined above): \\n Political\/Strategic support: In order for the international community to provide political support to the DDR process, it is essential to understand the dynamics of both the conflict and the post-conflict period. By carrying out a stakeholder analysis (as part of a larger conflict assessment process), it will be possible to better understand the dynam- ics among national actors, and to identify DDR supporters and potential spoilers; \\n Institutional capacity development: It is important that capacity development strategies are established jointly with national authorities at the start of international involvement in DDR to ensure that the parties themselves take ownership of and responsibility for the success of the process. The UN system should play an important role in supporting the development of national and local capacities for DDR through providing technical assistance, establishing partnership arrangements with national institutions, and pro- viding training and capacity-building to local implementing partners; \\n Support for the establishment of legal frameworks: A key area in which international exper- tise can support the development of national capacities is in the drawing up of legal frameworks for DDR and related processes of SSR and weapons management. The UN system should draw on experiences from a range of political and legal systems, and assist national authorities in drafting appropriate legislation and legal instruments; \\n Technical assistance for policy and planning: Through the provision of technical assistance, the UN system should provide direct support to the development of national DDR policy and programmes. It is important to ensure, however, that this assistance is provided through partnership or mentoring arrangements that allow for knowledge and skills transfers to national staff, and to avoid situations where international experts take direct responsibility for programme functions within national institutions. When several international institutions are providing technical assistance to national authori- ties, it is important to ensure that this assistance is coordinated and coherent; \\n Direct support for implementation and financial management: The UN system may also be called upon, either by Security Council mandate or at the request of national authorities, to provide direct support for the implementation of certain components of a DDR pro- gramme, including the financial management of resources for DDR. A memorandum of understanding should be established between the UN and national authorities that defines the precise area of responsibility for programme delivery, mechanisms for co- ordination with local partners and clear reporting responsibilities; \\n Material\/Logistic support: In the post-conflict period, many national institutions lack both material and human resources. The UN system should provide material and logistic support to national DDR institutions and implementing agencies, particularly in the areas of: information and communications technology and equipment; transportation; rehabilitation, design and management of DDR sites, transit centres and other facilities; the establishment of information management and referral systems; and the procurement of basic goods for reinsertion kits, among others (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration); \\n Training programmes for national staff: The UN system should further support capacity development through the provision of training. There are a number of different training methodologies, including the provision of courses or seminars, training of trainers, on- the-job or continuous training, and exchanges with experts from other national DDR institutions. Although shortage of time and money may limit the training options that can be offered, it is important that the approach chosen builds skills through a continuous process of capacity development that transfers skills to local actors; \\n Support to local capacity development and community empowerment: Through local capacity development and community empowerment, the UN system should support local ownership of DDR processes and programmes. Since the success of the DDR process depends largely on the reintegration of individuals at the community level, it is im- portant to ensure that capacity development efforts are not restricted to assisting national authorities, but include direct support to communities in areas of reintegration. In particular, international agencies can help to build local capacities for participation in assessment and planning processes, project and financial management, reporting, and evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":660, "Sentence":"In particular, international agencies can help to build local capacities for participation in assessment and planning processes, project and financial management, reporting, and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR particular international agency help build local capacity participation assessment planning process project financial management reporting evaluation ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Prepared by the Draft Interim Secretariat (Comprising UNDP, UNMIL, World Bank, USAID, UNICEF, UNHCR, OCHA, World Vision) \\n Monrovia, 31 October 2003 \\n Excerpts: pp. 17\u201324", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":661, "Sentence":"Prepared by the Draft Interim Secretariat (Comprising UNDP, UNMIL, World Bank, USAID, UNICEF, UNHCR, OCHA, World Vision) \\n Monrovia, 31 October 2003 \\n Excerpts: pp.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR prepared draft interim secretariat comprising undp unmil world bank usaid unicef unhcr ocha world vision n monrovia 31 october 2003 n excerpt pp ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Prepared by the Draft Interim Secretariat (Comprising UNDP, UNMIL, World Bank, USAID, UNICEF, UNHCR, OCHA, World Vision) \\n Monrovia, 31 October 2003 \\n Excerpts: pp. 17\u201324", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":661, "Sentence":"17\u201324", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR 17\u201324" }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Implementation modalities", "Heading3":"The national commission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The programme will be implemented under the guidance and supervision of the National Commission on Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation and Reintegration (NCDDRR), a temporary institution established by the peace agreement August 2003. The NCDDRR will consist of representatives from relevant National Transitional Government of Liberia (NTGL) agencies, the Government of Liberia (GOL), the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD), the Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the United Nations (UN), the African Union (AU) and the International Contact Group on Liberia (ICGL).The NCDDRR will: \\n provide policy guidance to the Joint Implementation Unit (JIU); \\n formulate the strategy and co-ordinate all government institutions in support of the Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation and Reintegration Programme (DDRRP); \\n identify problems related to programme implementation and impact; and \\n undertake all measures necessary for their quick and effective solution. During start-up, the NCDDRR will hold at least monthly meetings, but extraordinary meetings can be called if necessary.The NCDDRR will be supported by a Secretary, who will be responsible for: \\n reporting to the NCDDRR on the activities of the JIU with regard to the DDRR process; \\n promoting programme activities as well as managing relationships with external key stakeholders; \\n assisting the JIU with necessary support and facilitation required to secure the political commitment of the leadership of the various fighting groups in order to implement the DDRR programme; \\n participating in the various committees of the JIU \u2013 particularly with the Technical Coordination Committee and the Project Approval Committee (PAC); \\n providing general oversight of the DDRR process on behalf of the NCDDRR committee and preparing reports to the committee.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":662, "Sentence":"The programme will be implemented under the guidance and supervision of the National Commission on Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation and Reintegration (NCDDRR), a temporary institution established by the peace agreement August 2003.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR programme implemented guidance supervision national commission disarmament demobilization rehabilitation reintegration ncddrr temporary institution established peace agreement august 2003 ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Implementation modalities", "Heading3":"The national commission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The programme will be implemented under the guidance and supervision of the National Commission on Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation and Reintegration (NCDDRR), a temporary institution established by the peace agreement August 2003. The NCDDRR will consist of representatives from relevant National Transitional Government of Liberia (NTGL) agencies, the Government of Liberia (GOL), the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD), the Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the United Nations (UN), the African Union (AU) and the International Contact Group on Liberia (ICGL).The NCDDRR will: \\n provide policy guidance to the Joint Implementation Unit (JIU); \\n formulate the strategy and co-ordinate all government institutions in support of the Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation and Reintegration Programme (DDRRP); \\n identify problems related to programme implementation and impact; and \\n undertake all measures necessary for their quick and effective solution. During start-up, the NCDDRR will hold at least monthly meetings, but extraordinary meetings can be called if necessary.The NCDDRR will be supported by a Secretary, who will be responsible for: \\n reporting to the NCDDRR on the activities of the JIU with regard to the DDRR process; \\n promoting programme activities as well as managing relationships with external key stakeholders; \\n assisting the JIU with necessary support and facilitation required to secure the political commitment of the leadership of the various fighting groups in order to implement the DDRR programme; \\n participating in the various committees of the JIU \u2013 particularly with the Technical Coordination Committee and the Project Approval Committee (PAC); \\n providing general oversight of the DDRR process on behalf of the NCDDRR committee and preparing reports to the committee.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":662, "Sentence":"The NCDDRR will consist of representatives from relevant National Transitional Government of Liberia (NTGL) agencies, the Government of Liberia (GOL), the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD), the Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the United Nations (UN), the African Union (AU) and the International Contact Group on Liberia (ICGL).The NCDDRR will: \\n provide policy guidance to the Joint Implementation Unit (JIU); \\n formulate the strategy and co-ordinate all government institutions in support of the Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation and Reintegration Programme (DDRRP); \\n identify problems related to programme implementation and impact; and \\n undertake all measures necessary for their quick and effective solution.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR ncddrr consist representative relevant national transitional government liberia ntgl agency government liberia gol liberian united reconciliation democracy lurd movement democracy liberia model economic community west african state ecowas united nation un african union au international contact group liberia icgl.the ncddrr n provide policy guidance joint implementation unit jiu n formulate strategy coordinate government institution support disarmament demobilization rehabilitation reintegration programme ddrrp n identify problem related programme implementation impact n undertake measure necessary quick effective solution ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Implementation modalities", "Heading3":"The national commission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The programme will be implemented under the guidance and supervision of the National Commission on Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation and Reintegration (NCDDRR), a temporary institution established by the peace agreement August 2003. The NCDDRR will consist of representatives from relevant National Transitional Government of Liberia (NTGL) agencies, the Government of Liberia (GOL), the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD), the Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the United Nations (UN), the African Union (AU) and the International Contact Group on Liberia (ICGL).The NCDDRR will: \\n provide policy guidance to the Joint Implementation Unit (JIU); \\n formulate the strategy and co-ordinate all government institutions in support of the Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation and Reintegration Programme (DDRRP); \\n identify problems related to programme implementation and impact; and \\n undertake all measures necessary for their quick and effective solution. During start-up, the NCDDRR will hold at least monthly meetings, but extraordinary meetings can be called if necessary.The NCDDRR will be supported by a Secretary, who will be responsible for: \\n reporting to the NCDDRR on the activities of the JIU with regard to the DDRR process; \\n promoting programme activities as well as managing relationships with external key stakeholders; \\n assisting the JIU with necessary support and facilitation required to secure the political commitment of the leadership of the various fighting groups in order to implement the DDRR programme; \\n participating in the various committees of the JIU \u2013 particularly with the Technical Coordination Committee and the Project Approval Committee (PAC); \\n providing general oversight of the DDRR process on behalf of the NCDDRR committee and preparing reports to the committee.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":662, "Sentence":"During start-up, the NCDDRR will hold at least monthly meetings, but extraordinary meetings can be called if necessary.The NCDDRR will be supported by a Secretary, who will be responsible for: \\n reporting to the NCDDRR on the activities of the JIU with regard to the DDRR process; \\n promoting programme activities as well as managing relationships with external key stakeholders; \\n assisting the JIU with necessary support and facilitation required to secure the political commitment of the leadership of the various fighting groups in order to implement the DDRR programme; \\n participating in the various committees of the JIU \u2013 particularly with the Technical Coordination Committee and the Project Approval Committee (PAC); \\n providing general oversight of the DDRR process on behalf of the NCDDRR committee and preparing reports to the committee.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR startup ncddrr hold least monthly meeting extraordinary meeting called necessary.the ncddrr supported secretary responsible n reporting ncddrr activity jiu regard ddrr process n promoting programme activity well managing relationship external key stakeholder n assisting jiu necessary support facilitation required secure political commitment leadership various fighting group order implement ddrr programme n participating various committee jiu \u2013 particularly technical coordination committee project approval committee pac n providing general oversight ddrr process behalf ncddrr committee preparing report committee ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Joint Implementation Unit", "Heading3":"Function", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In order to ensure rapid implementation that will protect the credibility of the programme, a Joint Implementation Unit (JIU), headed by a Programme and Policy Adviser, will carry out the planning and implementation of the day-to-day operation and execution of the programme. The JIU will be an interdisciplinary and interdepartmental entity composed of four units dealing with: \\n disarmament and demobilization: staffed with expertise from the UNMIL comprising a disarmament and demobilization expert, demobilization officers and field officers, as well as qualified national staff; \\n rehabilitation and reintegration: staffed with expertise from the UNDP and other relevant agencies consisting of reintegration operation experts and national experts in vocational training and small enterprise development, employment creation and appren- ticeship promotion, agriculture and food production; \\n monitoring and evaluation: staffed by technical assistance from the UNDP including a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) expert, and national staff as systems analyst, pro- grammer and M&E field monitors as well as short-term data entry clerks; and \\n information and sensitization: staffed with expertise from UNMIL and OCHA includ- ing specialists in public information development and dissemination, social adaptation programmes in the area of civic education, psychosocial counselling, community-based reconciliation and peace-building measures.Accountable to the NCDDRR, the JIU will be responsible for ensuring: \\n the planning and implementation of the individual programme components in collabo- ration with other government departments, NGOs and donors; \\n the transparent and accountable administration of the programme (including procure- ment and disbursements); and \\n monitoring and evaluation.The institutional capacity of the JIU will be ensured through rigorous selection of staff, payment consistent with the quality of outputs required, and staff training where appro- priate. Technical assistance will be contracted on the basis of specific terms of reference for providing a management information system (MIS) and financial management as well as the implementation of specific programme components.The various units of the JIU will be assigned with expertise from UN agencies as follows: \\n the UNMIL DDR team will be deployed for the DD Unit in the JIU; \\n programme and policy coordination, MIS and reintegration will be assigned to the team from the UNDP; and \\n UNMIL and OCHA will handle the Information and Sensitization Unit.This arrangement will enhance the capacity of the JIU as well as reducing the overall staffing cost for the programme, while ensuring continuity in programme development in the event of the completion of the mandate of the mission. Each unit will be supported with national staff recruited to understudy the international staff of the JIU.A Programme and Policy Co-ordinator will manage and coordinate an internal manage- ment team comprising the heads of units of the JIU, and will report to the Office of the SRSG or to his or her designate in matters relating to the implementation of the programme.All implementing partners such as bilateral agencies, international and local NGOs will undertake their responsibilities in full compliance with programme guidelines and under the supervision of the JIU in respect of contracts entered into with the JIU of the NCDDRR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":663, "Sentence":"In order to ensure rapid implementation that will protect the credibility of the programme, a Joint Implementation Unit (JIU), headed by a Programme and Policy Adviser, will carry out the planning and implementation of the day-to-day operation and execution of the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR order ensure rapid implementation protect credibility programme joint implementation unit jiu headed programme policy adviser carry planning implementation daytoday operation execution programme ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Joint Implementation Unit", "Heading3":"Function", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In order to ensure rapid implementation that will protect the credibility of the programme, a Joint Implementation Unit (JIU), headed by a Programme and Policy Adviser, will carry out the planning and implementation of the day-to-day operation and execution of the programme. The JIU will be an interdisciplinary and interdepartmental entity composed of four units dealing with: \\n disarmament and demobilization: staffed with expertise from the UNMIL comprising a disarmament and demobilization expert, demobilization officers and field officers, as well as qualified national staff; \\n rehabilitation and reintegration: staffed with expertise from the UNDP and other relevant agencies consisting of reintegration operation experts and national experts in vocational training and small enterprise development, employment creation and appren- ticeship promotion, agriculture and food production; \\n monitoring and evaluation: staffed by technical assistance from the UNDP including a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) expert, and national staff as systems analyst, pro- grammer and M&E field monitors as well as short-term data entry clerks; and \\n information and sensitization: staffed with expertise from UNMIL and OCHA includ- ing specialists in public information development and dissemination, social adaptation programmes in the area of civic education, psychosocial counselling, community-based reconciliation and peace-building measures.Accountable to the NCDDRR, the JIU will be responsible for ensuring: \\n the planning and implementation of the individual programme components in collabo- ration with other government departments, NGOs and donors; \\n the transparent and accountable administration of the programme (including procure- ment and disbursements); and \\n monitoring and evaluation.The institutional capacity of the JIU will be ensured through rigorous selection of staff, payment consistent with the quality of outputs required, and staff training where appro- priate. Technical assistance will be contracted on the basis of specific terms of reference for providing a management information system (MIS) and financial management as well as the implementation of specific programme components.The various units of the JIU will be assigned with expertise from UN agencies as follows: \\n the UNMIL DDR team will be deployed for the DD Unit in the JIU; \\n programme and policy coordination, MIS and reintegration will be assigned to the team from the UNDP; and \\n UNMIL and OCHA will handle the Information and Sensitization Unit.This arrangement will enhance the capacity of the JIU as well as reducing the overall staffing cost for the programme, while ensuring continuity in programme development in the event of the completion of the mandate of the mission. Each unit will be supported with national staff recruited to understudy the international staff of the JIU.A Programme and Policy Co-ordinator will manage and coordinate an internal manage- ment team comprising the heads of units of the JIU, and will report to the Office of the SRSG or to his or her designate in matters relating to the implementation of the programme.All implementing partners such as bilateral agencies, international and local NGOs will undertake their responsibilities in full compliance with programme guidelines and under the supervision of the JIU in respect of contracts entered into with the JIU of the NCDDRR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":663, "Sentence":"The JIU will be an interdisciplinary and interdepartmental entity composed of four units dealing with: \\n disarmament and demobilization: staffed with expertise from the UNMIL comprising a disarmament and demobilization expert, demobilization officers and field officers, as well as qualified national staff; \\n rehabilitation and reintegration: staffed with expertise from the UNDP and other relevant agencies consisting of reintegration operation experts and national experts in vocational training and small enterprise development, employment creation and appren- ticeship promotion, agriculture and food production; \\n monitoring and evaluation: staffed by technical assistance from the UNDP including a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) expert, and national staff as systems analyst, pro- grammer and M&E field monitors as well as short-term data entry clerks; and \\n information and sensitization: staffed with expertise from UNMIL and OCHA includ- ing specialists in public information development and dissemination, social adaptation programmes in the area of civic education, psychosocial counselling, community-based reconciliation and peace-building measures.Accountable to the NCDDRR, the JIU will be responsible for ensuring: \\n the planning and implementation of the individual programme components in collabo- ration with other government departments, NGOs and donors; \\n the transparent and accountable administration of the programme (including procure- ment and disbursements); and \\n monitoring and evaluation.The institutional capacity of the JIU will be ensured through rigorous selection of staff, payment consistent with the quality of outputs required, and staff training where appro- priate.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR jiu interdisciplinary interdepartmental entity composed four unit dealing n disarmament demobilization staffed expertise unmil comprising disarmament demobilization expert demobilization officer field officer well qualified national staff n rehabilitation reintegration staffed expertise undp relevant agency consisting reintegration operation expert national expert vocational training small enterprise development employment creation appren ticeship promotion agriculture food production n monitoring evaluation staffed technical assistance undp including monitoring evaluation expert national staff system analyst pro grammer field monitor well shortterm data entry clerk n information sensitization staffed expertise unmil ocha includ ing specialist public information development dissemination social adaptation programme area civic education psychosocial counselling communitybased reconciliation peacebuilding measures.accountable ncddrr jiu responsible ensuring n planning implementation individual programme component collabo ration government department ngo donor n transparent accountable administration programme including procure ment disbursement n monitoring evaluation.the institutional capacity jiu ensured rigorous selection staff payment consistent quality output required staff training appro priate ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Joint Implementation Unit", "Heading3":"Function", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In order to ensure rapid implementation that will protect the credibility of the programme, a Joint Implementation Unit (JIU), headed by a Programme and Policy Adviser, will carry out the planning and implementation of the day-to-day operation and execution of the programme. The JIU will be an interdisciplinary and interdepartmental entity composed of four units dealing with: \\n disarmament and demobilization: staffed with expertise from the UNMIL comprising a disarmament and demobilization expert, demobilization officers and field officers, as well as qualified national staff; \\n rehabilitation and reintegration: staffed with expertise from the UNDP and other relevant agencies consisting of reintegration operation experts and national experts in vocational training and small enterprise development, employment creation and appren- ticeship promotion, agriculture and food production; \\n monitoring and evaluation: staffed by technical assistance from the UNDP including a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) expert, and national staff as systems analyst, pro- grammer and M&E field monitors as well as short-term data entry clerks; and \\n information and sensitization: staffed with expertise from UNMIL and OCHA includ- ing specialists in public information development and dissemination, social adaptation programmes in the area of civic education, psychosocial counselling, community-based reconciliation and peace-building measures.Accountable to the NCDDRR, the JIU will be responsible for ensuring: \\n the planning and implementation of the individual programme components in collabo- ration with other government departments, NGOs and donors; \\n the transparent and accountable administration of the programme (including procure- ment and disbursements); and \\n monitoring and evaluation.The institutional capacity of the JIU will be ensured through rigorous selection of staff, payment consistent with the quality of outputs required, and staff training where appro- priate. Technical assistance will be contracted on the basis of specific terms of reference for providing a management information system (MIS) and financial management as well as the implementation of specific programme components.The various units of the JIU will be assigned with expertise from UN agencies as follows: \\n the UNMIL DDR team will be deployed for the DD Unit in the JIU; \\n programme and policy coordination, MIS and reintegration will be assigned to the team from the UNDP; and \\n UNMIL and OCHA will handle the Information and Sensitization Unit.This arrangement will enhance the capacity of the JIU as well as reducing the overall staffing cost for the programme, while ensuring continuity in programme development in the event of the completion of the mandate of the mission. Each unit will be supported with national staff recruited to understudy the international staff of the JIU.A Programme and Policy Co-ordinator will manage and coordinate an internal manage- ment team comprising the heads of units of the JIU, and will report to the Office of the SRSG or to his or her designate in matters relating to the implementation of the programme.All implementing partners such as bilateral agencies, international and local NGOs will undertake their responsibilities in full compliance with programme guidelines and under the supervision of the JIU in respect of contracts entered into with the JIU of the NCDDRR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":663, "Sentence":"Technical assistance will be contracted on the basis of specific terms of reference for providing a management information system (MIS) and financial management as well as the implementation of specific programme components.The various units of the JIU will be assigned with expertise from UN agencies as follows: \\n the UNMIL DDR team will be deployed for the DD Unit in the JIU; \\n programme and policy coordination, MIS and reintegration will be assigned to the team from the UNDP; and \\n UNMIL and OCHA will handle the Information and Sensitization Unit.This arrangement will enhance the capacity of the JIU as well as reducing the overall staffing cost for the programme, while ensuring continuity in programme development in the event of the completion of the mandate of the mission.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR technical assistance contracted basis specific term reference providing management information system mi financial management well implementation specific programme components.the various unit jiu assigned expertise un agency follows n unmil ddr team deployed dd unit jiu n programme policy coordination mi reintegration assigned team undp n unmil ocha handle information sensitization unit.this arrangement enhance capacity jiu well reducing overall staffing cost programme ensuring continuity programme development event completion mandate mission ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Joint Implementation Unit", "Heading3":"Function", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In order to ensure rapid implementation that will protect the credibility of the programme, a Joint Implementation Unit (JIU), headed by a Programme and Policy Adviser, will carry out the planning and implementation of the day-to-day operation and execution of the programme. The JIU will be an interdisciplinary and interdepartmental entity composed of four units dealing with: \\n disarmament and demobilization: staffed with expertise from the UNMIL comprising a disarmament and demobilization expert, demobilization officers and field officers, as well as qualified national staff; \\n rehabilitation and reintegration: staffed with expertise from the UNDP and other relevant agencies consisting of reintegration operation experts and national experts in vocational training and small enterprise development, employment creation and appren- ticeship promotion, agriculture and food production; \\n monitoring and evaluation: staffed by technical assistance from the UNDP including a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) expert, and national staff as systems analyst, pro- grammer and M&E field monitors as well as short-term data entry clerks; and \\n information and sensitization: staffed with expertise from UNMIL and OCHA includ- ing specialists in public information development and dissemination, social adaptation programmes in the area of civic education, psychosocial counselling, community-based reconciliation and peace-building measures.Accountable to the NCDDRR, the JIU will be responsible for ensuring: \\n the planning and implementation of the individual programme components in collabo- ration with other government departments, NGOs and donors; \\n the transparent and accountable administration of the programme (including procure- ment and disbursements); and \\n monitoring and evaluation.The institutional capacity of the JIU will be ensured through rigorous selection of staff, payment consistent with the quality of outputs required, and staff training where appro- priate. Technical assistance will be contracted on the basis of specific terms of reference for providing a management information system (MIS) and financial management as well as the implementation of specific programme components.The various units of the JIU will be assigned with expertise from UN agencies as follows: \\n the UNMIL DDR team will be deployed for the DD Unit in the JIU; \\n programme and policy coordination, MIS and reintegration will be assigned to the team from the UNDP; and \\n UNMIL and OCHA will handle the Information and Sensitization Unit.This arrangement will enhance the capacity of the JIU as well as reducing the overall staffing cost for the programme, while ensuring continuity in programme development in the event of the completion of the mandate of the mission. Each unit will be supported with national staff recruited to understudy the international staff of the JIU.A Programme and Policy Co-ordinator will manage and coordinate an internal manage- ment team comprising the heads of units of the JIU, and will report to the Office of the SRSG or to his or her designate in matters relating to the implementation of the programme.All implementing partners such as bilateral agencies, international and local NGOs will undertake their responsibilities in full compliance with programme guidelines and under the supervision of the JIU in respect of contracts entered into with the JIU of the NCDDRR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":663, "Sentence":"Each unit will be supported with national staff recruited to understudy the international staff of the JIU.A Programme and Policy Co-ordinator will manage and coordinate an internal manage- ment team comprising the heads of units of the JIU, and will report to the Office of the SRSG or to his or her designate in matters relating to the implementation of the programme.All implementing partners such as bilateral agencies, international and local NGOs will undertake their responsibilities in full compliance with programme guidelines and under the supervision of the JIU in respect of contracts entered into with the JIU of the NCDDRR.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR unit supported national staff recruited understudy international staff jiu.a programme policy coordinator manage coordinate internal manage ment team comprising head unit jiu report office srsg designate matter relating implementation programme.all implementing partner bilateral agency international local ngo undertake responsibility full compliance programme guideline supervision jiu respect contract entered jiu ncddrr ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Joint Implementation Unit", "Heading3":"DDRR field offices", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"In addition to the central office in Monrovia, the JIU will establish five small DDRR field offices based on where ex-combatants are concentrated. The field offices will be co-located with the UNMIL field offices.Each DDRR field office will comprise a reintegration officer and up to four referral and counselling officers, all familiar with the local socio-political environment. The reinte- gration officers will be UN Volunteers (UNVs) recruited for this purpose and support with national staff. In addition, each DDRR field office will have an administration and account- ing officer, who will report directly to the financial manager of the Direct Execution (DEX) for administering reinsertion and reintegration assistance.In order to reinforce the capacity at the local level, each DDRR field office will have a UNV as the reintegration or DDRR officer working with various local staff.The field offices will be responsible for: \\n information and counselling; \\n administration of reintegration assistance under the different programme components; \\n monitoring and evaluation; \\n co-ordination with traditional\/religious leaders, and maintaining linkages and coordi- nation with other community-based reconstruction and rehabilitation interventions; \\n sensitizing the local population; \\n assisting in programme implementation; \\n identifying and solving local problems related to ex-combatant reintegration; and \\n reporting on the progress and impact of the programme to the JIU in Monrovia.On the basis of the settlement pattern of ex-combatants, additional referral and coun- selling officers may be recruited.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":664, "Sentence":"In addition to the central office in Monrovia, the JIU will establish five small DDRR field offices based on where ex-combatants are concentrated.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR addition central office monrovia jiu establish five small ddrr field office based excombatants concentrated ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Joint Implementation Unit", "Heading3":"DDRR field offices", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"In addition to the central office in Monrovia, the JIU will establish five small DDRR field offices based on where ex-combatants are concentrated. The field offices will be co-located with the UNMIL field offices.Each DDRR field office will comprise a reintegration officer and up to four referral and counselling officers, all familiar with the local socio-political environment. The reinte- gration officers will be UN Volunteers (UNVs) recruited for this purpose and support with national staff. In addition, each DDRR field office will have an administration and account- ing officer, who will report directly to the financial manager of the Direct Execution (DEX) for administering reinsertion and reintegration assistance.In order to reinforce the capacity at the local level, each DDRR field office will have a UNV as the reintegration or DDRR officer working with various local staff.The field offices will be responsible for: \\n information and counselling; \\n administration of reintegration assistance under the different programme components; \\n monitoring and evaluation; \\n co-ordination with traditional\/religious leaders, and maintaining linkages and coordi- nation with other community-based reconstruction and rehabilitation interventions; \\n sensitizing the local population; \\n assisting in programme implementation; \\n identifying and solving local problems related to ex-combatant reintegration; and \\n reporting on the progress and impact of the programme to the JIU in Monrovia.On the basis of the settlement pattern of ex-combatants, additional referral and coun- selling officers may be recruited.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":664, "Sentence":"The field offices will be co-located with the UNMIL field offices.Each DDRR field office will comprise a reintegration officer and up to four referral and counselling officers, all familiar with the local socio-political environment.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR field office colocated unmil field offices.each ddrr field office comprise reintegration officer four referral counselling officer familiar local sociopolitical environment ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Joint Implementation Unit", "Heading3":"DDRR field offices", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"In addition to the central office in Monrovia, the JIU will establish five small DDRR field offices based on where ex-combatants are concentrated. The field offices will be co-located with the UNMIL field offices.Each DDRR field office will comprise a reintegration officer and up to four referral and counselling officers, all familiar with the local socio-political environment. The reinte- gration officers will be UN Volunteers (UNVs) recruited for this purpose and support with national staff. In addition, each DDRR field office will have an administration and account- ing officer, who will report directly to the financial manager of the Direct Execution (DEX) for administering reinsertion and reintegration assistance.In order to reinforce the capacity at the local level, each DDRR field office will have a UNV as the reintegration or DDRR officer working with various local staff.The field offices will be responsible for: \\n information and counselling; \\n administration of reintegration assistance under the different programme components; \\n monitoring and evaluation; \\n co-ordination with traditional\/religious leaders, and maintaining linkages and coordi- nation with other community-based reconstruction and rehabilitation interventions; \\n sensitizing the local population; \\n assisting in programme implementation; \\n identifying and solving local problems related to ex-combatant reintegration; and \\n reporting on the progress and impact of the programme to the JIU in Monrovia.On the basis of the settlement pattern of ex-combatants, additional referral and coun- selling officers may be recruited.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":664, "Sentence":"The reinte- gration officers will be UN Volunteers (UNVs) recruited for this purpose and support with national staff.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR reinte gration officer un volunteer unvs recruited purpose support national staff ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Joint Implementation Unit", "Heading3":"DDRR field offices", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"In addition to the central office in Monrovia, the JIU will establish five small DDRR field offices based on where ex-combatants are concentrated. The field offices will be co-located with the UNMIL field offices.Each DDRR field office will comprise a reintegration officer and up to four referral and counselling officers, all familiar with the local socio-political environment. The reinte- gration officers will be UN Volunteers (UNVs) recruited for this purpose and support with national staff. In addition, each DDRR field office will have an administration and account- ing officer, who will report directly to the financial manager of the Direct Execution (DEX) for administering reinsertion and reintegration assistance.In order to reinforce the capacity at the local level, each DDRR field office will have a UNV as the reintegration or DDRR officer working with various local staff.The field offices will be responsible for: \\n information and counselling; \\n administration of reintegration assistance under the different programme components; \\n monitoring and evaluation; \\n co-ordination with traditional\/religious leaders, and maintaining linkages and coordi- nation with other community-based reconstruction and rehabilitation interventions; \\n sensitizing the local population; \\n assisting in programme implementation; \\n identifying and solving local problems related to ex-combatant reintegration; and \\n reporting on the progress and impact of the programme to the JIU in Monrovia.On the basis of the settlement pattern of ex-combatants, additional referral and coun- selling officers may be recruited.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":664, "Sentence":"In addition, each DDRR field office will have an administration and account- ing officer, who will report directly to the financial manager of the Direct Execution (DEX) for administering reinsertion and reintegration assistance.In order to reinforce the capacity at the local level, each DDRR field office will have a UNV as the reintegration or DDRR officer working with various local staff.The field offices will be responsible for: \\n information and counselling; \\n administration of reintegration assistance under the different programme components; \\n monitoring and evaluation; \\n co-ordination with traditional\/religious leaders, and maintaining linkages and coordi- nation with other community-based reconstruction and rehabilitation interventions; \\n sensitizing the local population; \\n assisting in programme implementation; \\n identifying and solving local problems related to ex-combatant reintegration; and \\n reporting on the progress and impact of the programme to the JIU in Monrovia.On the basis of the settlement pattern of ex-combatants, additional referral and coun- selling officers may be recruited.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR addition ddrr field office administration account ing officer report directly financial manager direct execution dex administering reinsertion reintegration assistance.in order reinforce capacity local level ddrr field office unv reintegration ddrr officer working various local staff.the field office responsible n information counselling n administration reintegration assistance different programme component n monitoring evaluation n coordination traditional\/religious leader maintaining linkage coordi nation communitybased reconstruction rehabilitation intervention n sensitizing local population n assisting programme implementation n identifying solving local problem related excombatant reintegration n reporting progress impact programme jiu monrovia.on basis settlement pattern excombatants additional referral coun selling officer may recruited ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Joint Implementation Unit", "Heading3":"Roles and functions of the military units", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A military liaison office will be created to facilitate co-operation with UNMIL and the DD Unit for all security-related aspects of the programme. Within the overall mandates given to them by their respective institutions, UNMIL is expected to perform the following functions within the DDRR programme: \\n provide relevant input and information as well as security assistance and advice with regard to the selection of potential sites for disarmament and demobilization; \\n provide technical input with regard to the process of disarmament, registration, docu- mentation and screening of potential candidates for demobilization; \\n develop and install systems for arms control and advise on a larger legislative frame- work to monitor and control arms recycling; \\n monitor and verify the conformity of the DDR process according to recognized and acceptable standards; \\n assume responsibility for effecting disarmament of combatants, maintain a pertinent registry of surrendered weaponry and conduct pre-demobilization screening and evaluation; and \\n ensure the destruction of all weapons surrendered.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":665, "Sentence":"A military liaison office will be created to facilitate co-operation with UNMIL and the DD Unit for all security-related aspects of the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR military liaison office created facilitate cooperation unmil dd unit securityrelated aspect programme ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Joint Implementation Unit", "Heading3":"Roles and functions of the military units", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"A military liaison office will be created to facilitate co-operation with UNMIL and the DD Unit for all security-related aspects of the programme. Within the overall mandates given to them by their respective institutions, UNMIL is expected to perform the following functions within the DDRR programme: \\n provide relevant input and information as well as security assistance and advice with regard to the selection of potential sites for disarmament and demobilization; \\n provide technical input with regard to the process of disarmament, registration, docu- mentation and screening of potential candidates for demobilization; \\n develop and install systems for arms control and advise on a larger legislative frame- work to monitor and control arms recycling; \\n monitor and verify the conformity of the DDR process according to recognized and acceptable standards; \\n assume responsibility for effecting disarmament of combatants, maintain a pertinent registry of surrendered weaponry and conduct pre-demobilization screening and evaluation; and \\n ensure the destruction of all weapons surrendered.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":665, "Sentence":"Within the overall mandates given to them by their respective institutions, UNMIL is expected to perform the following functions within the DDRR programme: \\n provide relevant input and information as well as security assistance and advice with regard to the selection of potential sites for disarmament and demobilization; \\n provide technical input with regard to the process of disarmament, registration, docu- mentation and screening of potential candidates for demobilization; \\n develop and install systems for arms control and advise on a larger legislative frame- work to monitor and control arms recycling; \\n monitor and verify the conformity of the DDR process according to recognized and acceptable standards; \\n assume responsibility for effecting disarmament of combatants, maintain a pertinent registry of surrendered weaponry and conduct pre-demobilization screening and evaluation; and \\n ensure the destruction of all weapons surrendered.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR within overall mandate given respective institution unmil expected perform following function within ddrr programme n provide relevant input information well security assistance advice regard selection potential site disarmament demobilization n provide technical input regard process disarmament registration docu mentation screening potential candidate demobilization n develop install system arm control advise larger legislative frame work monitor control arm recycling n monitor verify conformity ddr process according recognized acceptable standard n assume responsibility effecting disarmament combatant maintain pertinent registry surrendered weaponry conduct predemobilization screening evaluation n ensure destruction weapon surrendered ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Role of implementing partners and selection criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"A considerable part of the programme implementation will be contracted out to local and international NGOs as well as in partnership with various UN agencies, line ministries, private sector institutions and community-based structures.Implementing agencies will be selected on the basis of the following criteria: \\n Track record and technical capacity. The agency must demonstrate a track record of technical and functional expertise in its chosen area of participation for not less then four years; \\n Financial management capacity. It needs to demonstrate a proven record of sound finan- cial management and\/or the capacity to pre-finance initial project costs. It must provide audited financial record for the past three years; \\n Management capacity. The agency must demonstrate sound management capability in respect of the programme delivery structure and expertise.The implementing agency will be expected to adhere to the policy guidelines with regard to camp management and other operational regulations. It will be accountable to the JIU in matters of technical and financial issues related to its contractual obligations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":666, "Sentence":"A considerable part of the programme implementation will be contracted out to local and international NGOs as well as in partnership with various UN agencies, line ministries, private sector institutions and community-based structures.Implementing agencies will be selected on the basis of the following criteria: \\n Track record and technical capacity.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR considerable part programme implementation contracted local international ngo well partnership various un agency line ministry private sector institution communitybased structures.implementing agency selected basis following criterion n track record technical capacity ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Role of implementing partners and selection criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"A considerable part of the programme implementation will be contracted out to local and international NGOs as well as in partnership with various UN agencies, line ministries, private sector institutions and community-based structures.Implementing agencies will be selected on the basis of the following criteria: \\n Track record and technical capacity. The agency must demonstrate a track record of technical and functional expertise in its chosen area of participation for not less then four years; \\n Financial management capacity. It needs to demonstrate a proven record of sound finan- cial management and\/or the capacity to pre-finance initial project costs. It must provide audited financial record for the past three years; \\n Management capacity. The agency must demonstrate sound management capability in respect of the programme delivery structure and expertise.The implementing agency will be expected to adhere to the policy guidelines with regard to camp management and other operational regulations. It will be accountable to the JIU in matters of technical and financial issues related to its contractual obligations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":666, "Sentence":"The agency must demonstrate a track record of technical and functional expertise in its chosen area of participation for not less then four years; \\n Financial management capacity.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR agency must demonstrate track record technical functional expertise chosen area participation le four year n financial management capacity ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Role of implementing partners and selection criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"A considerable part of the programme implementation will be contracted out to local and international NGOs as well as in partnership with various UN agencies, line ministries, private sector institutions and community-based structures.Implementing agencies will be selected on the basis of the following criteria: \\n Track record and technical capacity. The agency must demonstrate a track record of technical and functional expertise in its chosen area of participation for not less then four years; \\n Financial management capacity. It needs to demonstrate a proven record of sound finan- cial management and\/or the capacity to pre-finance initial project costs. It must provide audited financial record for the past three years; \\n Management capacity. The agency must demonstrate sound management capability in respect of the programme delivery structure and expertise.The implementing agency will be expected to adhere to the policy guidelines with regard to camp management and other operational regulations. It will be accountable to the JIU in matters of technical and financial issues related to its contractual obligations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":666, "Sentence":"It needs to demonstrate a proven record of sound finan- cial management and\/or the capacity to pre-finance initial project costs.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR need demonstrate proven record sound finan cial management and\/or capacity prefinance initial project cost ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Role of implementing partners and selection criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"A considerable part of the programme implementation will be contracted out to local and international NGOs as well as in partnership with various UN agencies, line ministries, private sector institutions and community-based structures.Implementing agencies will be selected on the basis of the following criteria: \\n Track record and technical capacity. The agency must demonstrate a track record of technical and functional expertise in its chosen area of participation for not less then four years; \\n Financial management capacity. It needs to demonstrate a proven record of sound finan- cial management and\/or the capacity to pre-finance initial project costs. It must provide audited financial record for the past three years; \\n Management capacity. The agency must demonstrate sound management capability in respect of the programme delivery structure and expertise.The implementing agency will be expected to adhere to the policy guidelines with regard to camp management and other operational regulations. It will be accountable to the JIU in matters of technical and financial issues related to its contractual obligations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":666, "Sentence":"It must provide audited financial record for the past three years; \\n Management capacity.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR must provide audited financial record past three year n management capacity ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Role of implementing partners and selection criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"A considerable part of the programme implementation will be contracted out to local and international NGOs as well as in partnership with various UN agencies, line ministries, private sector institutions and community-based structures.Implementing agencies will be selected on the basis of the following criteria: \\n Track record and technical capacity. The agency must demonstrate a track record of technical and functional expertise in its chosen area of participation for not less then four years; \\n Financial management capacity. It needs to demonstrate a proven record of sound finan- cial management and\/or the capacity to pre-finance initial project costs. It must provide audited financial record for the past three years; \\n Management capacity. The agency must demonstrate sound management capability in respect of the programme delivery structure and expertise.The implementing agency will be expected to adhere to the policy guidelines with regard to camp management and other operational regulations. It will be accountable to the JIU in matters of technical and financial issues related to its contractual obligations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":666, "Sentence":"The agency must demonstrate sound management capability in respect of the programme delivery structure and expertise.The implementing agency will be expected to adhere to the policy guidelines with regard to camp management and other operational regulations.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR agency must demonstrate sound management capability respect programme delivery structure expertise.the implementing agency expected adhere policy guideline regard camp management operational regulation ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Role of implementing partners and selection criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"A considerable part of the programme implementation will be contracted out to local and international NGOs as well as in partnership with various UN agencies, line ministries, private sector institutions and community-based structures.Implementing agencies will be selected on the basis of the following criteria: \\n Track record and technical capacity. The agency must demonstrate a track record of technical and functional expertise in its chosen area of participation for not less then four years; \\n Financial management capacity. It needs to demonstrate a proven record of sound finan- cial management and\/or the capacity to pre-finance initial project costs. It must provide audited financial record for the past three years; \\n Management capacity. The agency must demonstrate sound management capability in respect of the programme delivery structure and expertise.The implementing agency will be expected to adhere to the policy guidelines with regard to camp management and other operational regulations. It will be accountable to the JIU in matters of technical and financial issues related to its contractual obligations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":666, "Sentence":"It will be accountable to the JIU in matters of technical and financial issues related to its contractual obligations.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR accountable jiu matter technical financial issue related contractual obligation ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"The programme comprises three separate but highly related processes, namely the military process of selecting and assembling combatants for demobilization and the civilian process of discharge, reinsertion and reintegration.How soldiers are demobilized affects the reinsertion and reintegration processes. At each phase: \\n the administration of assistance has to be accounted for; \\n weapons collected need to be classified and analysed; \\n beneficiaries of reintegration assistance need to be tracked; and \\n the quality of services provided during the implementation of the programme needs to be assessed.To plan, monitor and evaluate the processes, a management information system (MIS) regarding the discharged ex-combatants is required and will contain the following components: \\n a database on the basic socio-economic profile of ex-combatants; \\n a database on disarmament and weapons classification; \\n a database of tracking benefit administration such as on payments of the settling-in package, training scholarships and employment subsidies to the ex-combatants; and \\n a database on the programme\u2019s financial flows.The MIS depends on the satisfactory performance of all those involved in the collection and processing of information. There is, therefore, a need for extensive training of enumer- ators, country staff and headquarters staff. Particular emphasis will be given to the fact that the MIS is a system not only of control but also of assistance. Consequently, a constant two- way flow of information between the DDRR field offices and the JIU will be ensured through- out programme implementation.The MIS will provide a useful tool for planning and implementing demobilization. In connection with the reinsertion and reintegration of ex-combatants, the system is indispen- sable to the JIU in efficiently discharging its duties in planning and budgeting, implemen- tation, monitoring and evaluation. The system serves multiple functions and users. It is also updated from multiple data sources.The MIS may be conceived as comprising several simple databases that are logically linked together using a unique identifier (ID number). An MIS expert will be recruited to design, install and run the programme start-up. To keep the overheads of maintaining the system to a minimum, a self-updating and checking mechanism will be put in place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":667, "Sentence":"The programme comprises three separate but highly related processes, namely the military process of selecting and assembling combatants for demobilization and the civilian process of discharge, reinsertion and reintegration.How soldiers are demobilized affects the reinsertion and reintegration processes.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR programme comprises three separate highly related process namely military process selecting assembling combatant demobilization civilian process discharge reinsertion reintegration.how soldier demobilized affect reinsertion reintegration process ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"The programme comprises three separate but highly related processes, namely the military process of selecting and assembling combatants for demobilization and the civilian process of discharge, reinsertion and reintegration.How soldiers are demobilized affects the reinsertion and reintegration processes. At each phase: \\n the administration of assistance has to be accounted for; \\n weapons collected need to be classified and analysed; \\n beneficiaries of reintegration assistance need to be tracked; and \\n the quality of services provided during the implementation of the programme needs to be assessed.To plan, monitor and evaluate the processes, a management information system (MIS) regarding the discharged ex-combatants is required and will contain the following components: \\n a database on the basic socio-economic profile of ex-combatants; \\n a database on disarmament and weapons classification; \\n a database of tracking benefit administration such as on payments of the settling-in package, training scholarships and employment subsidies to the ex-combatants; and \\n a database on the programme\u2019s financial flows.The MIS depends on the satisfactory performance of all those involved in the collection and processing of information. There is, therefore, a need for extensive training of enumer- ators, country staff and headquarters staff. Particular emphasis will be given to the fact that the MIS is a system not only of control but also of assistance. Consequently, a constant two- way flow of information between the DDRR field offices and the JIU will be ensured through- out programme implementation.The MIS will provide a useful tool for planning and implementing demobilization. In connection with the reinsertion and reintegration of ex-combatants, the system is indispen- sable to the JIU in efficiently discharging its duties in planning and budgeting, implemen- tation, monitoring and evaluation. The system serves multiple functions and users. It is also updated from multiple data sources.The MIS may be conceived as comprising several simple databases that are logically linked together using a unique identifier (ID number). An MIS expert will be recruited to design, install and run the programme start-up. To keep the overheads of maintaining the system to a minimum, a self-updating and checking mechanism will be put in place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":667, "Sentence":"At each phase: \\n the administration of assistance has to be accounted for; \\n weapons collected need to be classified and analysed; \\n beneficiaries of reintegration assistance need to be tracked; and \\n the quality of services provided during the implementation of the programme needs to be assessed.To plan, monitor and evaluate the processes, a management information system (MIS) regarding the discharged ex-combatants is required and will contain the following components: \\n a database on the basic socio-economic profile of ex-combatants; \\n a database on disarmament and weapons classification; \\n a database of tracking benefit administration such as on payments of the settling-in package, training scholarships and employment subsidies to the ex-combatants; and \\n a database on the programme\u2019s financial flows.The MIS depends on the satisfactory performance of all those involved in the collection and processing of information.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR phase n administration assistance accounted n weapon collected need classified analysed n beneficiary reintegration assistance need tracked n quality service provided implementation programme need assessed.to plan monitor evaluate process management information system mi regarding discharged excombatants required contain following component n database basic socioeconomic profile excombatants n database disarmament weapon classification n database tracking benefit administration payment settlingin package training scholarship employment subsidy excombatants n database programme \u2019 financial flows.the mi depends satisfactory performance involved collection processing information ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"The programme comprises three separate but highly related processes, namely the military process of selecting and assembling combatants for demobilization and the civilian process of discharge, reinsertion and reintegration.How soldiers are demobilized affects the reinsertion and reintegration processes. At each phase: \\n the administration of assistance has to be accounted for; \\n weapons collected need to be classified and analysed; \\n beneficiaries of reintegration assistance need to be tracked; and \\n the quality of services provided during the implementation of the programme needs to be assessed.To plan, monitor and evaluate the processes, a management information system (MIS) regarding the discharged ex-combatants is required and will contain the following components: \\n a database on the basic socio-economic profile of ex-combatants; \\n a database on disarmament and weapons classification; \\n a database of tracking benefit administration such as on payments of the settling-in package, training scholarships and employment subsidies to the ex-combatants; and \\n a database on the programme\u2019s financial flows.The MIS depends on the satisfactory performance of all those involved in the collection and processing of information. There is, therefore, a need for extensive training of enumer- ators, country staff and headquarters staff. Particular emphasis will be given to the fact that the MIS is a system not only of control but also of assistance. Consequently, a constant two- way flow of information between the DDRR field offices and the JIU will be ensured through- out programme implementation.The MIS will provide a useful tool for planning and implementing demobilization. In connection with the reinsertion and reintegration of ex-combatants, the system is indispen- sable to the JIU in efficiently discharging its duties in planning and budgeting, implemen- tation, monitoring and evaluation. The system serves multiple functions and users. It is also updated from multiple data sources.The MIS may be conceived as comprising several simple databases that are logically linked together using a unique identifier (ID number). An MIS expert will be recruited to design, install and run the programme start-up. To keep the overheads of maintaining the system to a minimum, a self-updating and checking mechanism will be put in place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":667, "Sentence":"There is, therefore, a need for extensive training of enumer- ators, country staff and headquarters staff.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR therefore need extensive training enumer ators country staff headquarters staff ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"The programme comprises three separate but highly related processes, namely the military process of selecting and assembling combatants for demobilization and the civilian process of discharge, reinsertion and reintegration.How soldiers are demobilized affects the reinsertion and reintegration processes. At each phase: \\n the administration of assistance has to be accounted for; \\n weapons collected need to be classified and analysed; \\n beneficiaries of reintegration assistance need to be tracked; and \\n the quality of services provided during the implementation of the programme needs to be assessed.To plan, monitor and evaluate the processes, a management information system (MIS) regarding the discharged ex-combatants is required and will contain the following components: \\n a database on the basic socio-economic profile of ex-combatants; \\n a database on disarmament and weapons classification; \\n a database of tracking benefit administration such as on payments of the settling-in package, training scholarships and employment subsidies to the ex-combatants; and \\n a database on the programme\u2019s financial flows.The MIS depends on the satisfactory performance of all those involved in the collection and processing of information. There is, therefore, a need for extensive training of enumer- ators, country staff and headquarters staff. Particular emphasis will be given to the fact that the MIS is a system not only of control but also of assistance. Consequently, a constant two- way flow of information between the DDRR field offices and the JIU will be ensured through- out programme implementation.The MIS will provide a useful tool for planning and implementing demobilization. In connection with the reinsertion and reintegration of ex-combatants, the system is indispen- sable to the JIU in efficiently discharging its duties in planning and budgeting, implemen- tation, monitoring and evaluation. The system serves multiple functions and users. It is also updated from multiple data sources.The MIS may be conceived as comprising several simple databases that are logically linked together using a unique identifier (ID number). An MIS expert will be recruited to design, install and run the programme start-up. To keep the overheads of maintaining the system to a minimum, a self-updating and checking mechanism will be put in place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":667, "Sentence":"Particular emphasis will be given to the fact that the MIS is a system not only of control but also of assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR particular emphasis given fact mi system control also assistance ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"The programme comprises three separate but highly related processes, namely the military process of selecting and assembling combatants for demobilization and the civilian process of discharge, reinsertion and reintegration.How soldiers are demobilized affects the reinsertion and reintegration processes. At each phase: \\n the administration of assistance has to be accounted for; \\n weapons collected need to be classified and analysed; \\n beneficiaries of reintegration assistance need to be tracked; and \\n the quality of services provided during the implementation of the programme needs to be assessed.To plan, monitor and evaluate the processes, a management information system (MIS) regarding the discharged ex-combatants is required and will contain the following components: \\n a database on the basic socio-economic profile of ex-combatants; \\n a database on disarmament and weapons classification; \\n a database of tracking benefit administration such as on payments of the settling-in package, training scholarships and employment subsidies to the ex-combatants; and \\n a database on the programme\u2019s financial flows.The MIS depends on the satisfactory performance of all those involved in the collection and processing of information. There is, therefore, a need for extensive training of enumer- ators, country staff and headquarters staff. Particular emphasis will be given to the fact that the MIS is a system not only of control but also of assistance. Consequently, a constant two- way flow of information between the DDRR field offices and the JIU will be ensured through- out programme implementation.The MIS will provide a useful tool for planning and implementing demobilization. In connection with the reinsertion and reintegration of ex-combatants, the system is indispen- sable to the JIU in efficiently discharging its duties in planning and budgeting, implemen- tation, monitoring and evaluation. The system serves multiple functions and users. It is also updated from multiple data sources.The MIS may be conceived as comprising several simple databases that are logically linked together using a unique identifier (ID number). An MIS expert will be recruited to design, install and run the programme start-up. To keep the overheads of maintaining the system to a minimum, a self-updating and checking mechanism will be put in place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":667, "Sentence":"Consequently, a constant two- way flow of information between the DDRR field offices and the JIU will be ensured through- out programme implementation.The MIS will provide a useful tool for planning and implementing demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR consequently constant two way flow information ddrr field office jiu ensured programme implementation.the mi provide useful tool planning implementing demobilization ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"The programme comprises three separate but highly related processes, namely the military process of selecting and assembling combatants for demobilization and the civilian process of discharge, reinsertion and reintegration.How soldiers are demobilized affects the reinsertion and reintegration processes. At each phase: \\n the administration of assistance has to be accounted for; \\n weapons collected need to be classified and analysed; \\n beneficiaries of reintegration assistance need to be tracked; and \\n the quality of services provided during the implementation of the programme needs to be assessed.To plan, monitor and evaluate the processes, a management information system (MIS) regarding the discharged ex-combatants is required and will contain the following components: \\n a database on the basic socio-economic profile of ex-combatants; \\n a database on disarmament and weapons classification; \\n a database of tracking benefit administration such as on payments of the settling-in package, training scholarships and employment subsidies to the ex-combatants; and \\n a database on the programme\u2019s financial flows.The MIS depends on the satisfactory performance of all those involved in the collection and processing of information. There is, therefore, a need for extensive training of enumer- ators, country staff and headquarters staff. Particular emphasis will be given to the fact that the MIS is a system not only of control but also of assistance. Consequently, a constant two- way flow of information between the DDRR field offices and the JIU will be ensured through- out programme implementation.The MIS will provide a useful tool for planning and implementing demobilization. In connection with the reinsertion and reintegration of ex-combatants, the system is indispen- sable to the JIU in efficiently discharging its duties in planning and budgeting, implemen- tation, monitoring and evaluation. The system serves multiple functions and users. It is also updated from multiple data sources.The MIS may be conceived as comprising several simple databases that are logically linked together using a unique identifier (ID number). An MIS expert will be recruited to design, install and run the programme start-up. To keep the overheads of maintaining the system to a minimum, a self-updating and checking mechanism will be put in place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":667, "Sentence":"In connection with the reinsertion and reintegration of ex-combatants, the system is indispen- sable to the JIU in efficiently discharging its duties in planning and budgeting, implemen- tation, monitoring and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR connection reinsertion reintegration excombatants system indispen sable jiu efficiently discharging duty planning budgeting implemen tation monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"The programme comprises three separate but highly related processes, namely the military process of selecting and assembling combatants for demobilization and the civilian process of discharge, reinsertion and reintegration.How soldiers are demobilized affects the reinsertion and reintegration processes. At each phase: \\n the administration of assistance has to be accounted for; \\n weapons collected need to be classified and analysed; \\n beneficiaries of reintegration assistance need to be tracked; and \\n the quality of services provided during the implementation of the programme needs to be assessed.To plan, monitor and evaluate the processes, a management information system (MIS) regarding the discharged ex-combatants is required and will contain the following components: \\n a database on the basic socio-economic profile of ex-combatants; \\n a database on disarmament and weapons classification; \\n a database of tracking benefit administration such as on payments of the settling-in package, training scholarships and employment subsidies to the ex-combatants; and \\n a database on the programme\u2019s financial flows.The MIS depends on the satisfactory performance of all those involved in the collection and processing of information. There is, therefore, a need for extensive training of enumer- ators, country staff and headquarters staff. Particular emphasis will be given to the fact that the MIS is a system not only of control but also of assistance. Consequently, a constant two- way flow of information between the DDRR field offices and the JIU will be ensured through- out programme implementation.The MIS will provide a useful tool for planning and implementing demobilization. In connection with the reinsertion and reintegration of ex-combatants, the system is indispen- sable to the JIU in efficiently discharging its duties in planning and budgeting, implemen- tation, monitoring and evaluation. The system serves multiple functions and users. It is also updated from multiple data sources.The MIS may be conceived as comprising several simple databases that are logically linked together using a unique identifier (ID number). An MIS expert will be recruited to design, install and run the programme start-up. To keep the overheads of maintaining the system to a minimum, a self-updating and checking mechanism will be put in place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":667, "Sentence":"The system serves multiple functions and users.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR system serf multiple function user ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"The programme comprises three separate but highly related processes, namely the military process of selecting and assembling combatants for demobilization and the civilian process of discharge, reinsertion and reintegration.How soldiers are demobilized affects the reinsertion and reintegration processes. At each phase: \\n the administration of assistance has to be accounted for; \\n weapons collected need to be classified and analysed; \\n beneficiaries of reintegration assistance need to be tracked; and \\n the quality of services provided during the implementation of the programme needs to be assessed.To plan, monitor and evaluate the processes, a management information system (MIS) regarding the discharged ex-combatants is required and will contain the following components: \\n a database on the basic socio-economic profile of ex-combatants; \\n a database on disarmament and weapons classification; \\n a database of tracking benefit administration such as on payments of the settling-in package, training scholarships and employment subsidies to the ex-combatants; and \\n a database on the programme\u2019s financial flows.The MIS depends on the satisfactory performance of all those involved in the collection and processing of information. There is, therefore, a need for extensive training of enumer- ators, country staff and headquarters staff. Particular emphasis will be given to the fact that the MIS is a system not only of control but also of assistance. Consequently, a constant two- way flow of information between the DDRR field offices and the JIU will be ensured through- out programme implementation.The MIS will provide a useful tool for planning and implementing demobilization. In connection with the reinsertion and reintegration of ex-combatants, the system is indispen- sable to the JIU in efficiently discharging its duties in planning and budgeting, implemen- tation, monitoring and evaluation. The system serves multiple functions and users. It is also updated from multiple data sources.The MIS may be conceived as comprising several simple databases that are logically linked together using a unique identifier (ID number). An MIS expert will be recruited to design, install and run the programme start-up. To keep the overheads of maintaining the system to a minimum, a self-updating and checking mechanism will be put in place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":667, "Sentence":"It is also updated from multiple data sources.The MIS may be conceived as comprising several simple databases that are logically linked together using a unique identifier (ID number).", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR also updated multiple data sources.the mi may conceived comprising several simple database logically linked together using unique identifier id number ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"The programme comprises three separate but highly related processes, namely the military process of selecting and assembling combatants for demobilization and the civilian process of discharge, reinsertion and reintegration.How soldiers are demobilized affects the reinsertion and reintegration processes. At each phase: \\n the administration of assistance has to be accounted for; \\n weapons collected need to be classified and analysed; \\n beneficiaries of reintegration assistance need to be tracked; and \\n the quality of services provided during the implementation of the programme needs to be assessed.To plan, monitor and evaluate the processes, a management information system (MIS) regarding the discharged ex-combatants is required and will contain the following components: \\n a database on the basic socio-economic profile of ex-combatants; \\n a database on disarmament and weapons classification; \\n a database of tracking benefit administration such as on payments of the settling-in package, training scholarships and employment subsidies to the ex-combatants; and \\n a database on the programme\u2019s financial flows.The MIS depends on the satisfactory performance of all those involved in the collection and processing of information. There is, therefore, a need for extensive training of enumer- ators, country staff and headquarters staff. Particular emphasis will be given to the fact that the MIS is a system not only of control but also of assistance. Consequently, a constant two- way flow of information between the DDRR field offices and the JIU will be ensured through- out programme implementation.The MIS will provide a useful tool for planning and implementing demobilization. In connection with the reinsertion and reintegration of ex-combatants, the system is indispen- sable to the JIU in efficiently discharging its duties in planning and budgeting, implemen- tation, monitoring and evaluation. The system serves multiple functions and users. It is also updated from multiple data sources.The MIS may be conceived as comprising several simple databases that are logically linked together using a unique identifier (ID number). An MIS expert will be recruited to design, install and run the programme start-up. To keep the overheads of maintaining the system to a minimum, a self-updating and checking mechanism will be put in place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":667, "Sentence":"An MIS expert will be recruited to design, install and run the programme start-up.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR mi expert recruited design install run programme startup ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"The programme comprises three separate but highly related processes, namely the military process of selecting and assembling combatants for demobilization and the civilian process of discharge, reinsertion and reintegration.How soldiers are demobilized affects the reinsertion and reintegration processes. At each phase: \\n the administration of assistance has to be accounted for; \\n weapons collected need to be classified and analysed; \\n beneficiaries of reintegration assistance need to be tracked; and \\n the quality of services provided during the implementation of the programme needs to be assessed.To plan, monitor and evaluate the processes, a management information system (MIS) regarding the discharged ex-combatants is required and will contain the following components: \\n a database on the basic socio-economic profile of ex-combatants; \\n a database on disarmament and weapons classification; \\n a database of tracking benefit administration such as on payments of the settling-in package, training scholarships and employment subsidies to the ex-combatants; and \\n a database on the programme\u2019s financial flows.The MIS depends on the satisfactory performance of all those involved in the collection and processing of information. There is, therefore, a need for extensive training of enumer- ators, country staff and headquarters staff. Particular emphasis will be given to the fact that the MIS is a system not only of control but also of assistance. Consequently, a constant two- way flow of information between the DDRR field offices and the JIU will be ensured through- out programme implementation.The MIS will provide a useful tool for planning and implementing demobilization. In connection with the reinsertion and reintegration of ex-combatants, the system is indispen- sable to the JIU in efficiently discharging its duties in planning and budgeting, implemen- tation, monitoring and evaluation. The system serves multiple functions and users. It is also updated from multiple data sources.The MIS may be conceived as comprising several simple databases that are logically linked together using a unique identifier (ID number). An MIS expert will be recruited to design, install and run the programme start-up. To keep the overheads of maintaining the system to a minimum, a self-updating and checking mechanism will be put in place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":667, "Sentence":"To keep the overheads of maintaining the system to a minimum, a self-updating and checking mechanism will be put in place.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR keep overhead maintaining system minimum selfupdating checking mechanism put place ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"DEX Unit", "Heading3":"Management of the DDRR Trust Fund", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Fundamental principles for the management of the DDRR Trust Fund are based on trans- parency and openness with a clear separation between the policy\/allocation aspects of the DDRR Trust Fund operations and the fiduciary\/administrative responsibility.The Trust Fund will be administered by UNDP in accordance with the terms of refer- ence of the Trust Fund. In this capacity, the UNDP will establish and maintain appropriate records and accounts to identify the contributions to the Fund, the commitments to be financed out of the Fund and the receipt and disbursement of funds.The DEX Unit will be established and will be composed of UNDP staff with the overall responsibility for financial management and procurement for the programme. The DEX Unit will monitor expenditures related to the activities financed under the Trust Fund. The respon- sibilities of the DEX Unit will include procurement of goods, services and other items, screening and recommending UNDP\u2019s approval and payment, and monitoring all expen- ditures financed by the funds. UNDP will finance the cost of the DEX Unit from its own proper resources; therefore, all contributions will go towards direct costs of the DDRR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":668, "Sentence":"Fundamental principles for the management of the DDRR Trust Fund are based on trans- parency and openness with a clear separation between the policy\/allocation aspects of the DDRR Trust Fund operations and the fiduciary\/administrative responsibility.The Trust Fund will be administered by UNDP in accordance with the terms of refer- ence of the Trust Fund.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR fundamental principle management ddrr trust fund based trans parency openness clear separation policy\/allocation aspect ddrr trust fund operation fiduciary\/administrative responsibility.the trust fund administered undp accordance term refer ence trust fund ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"DEX Unit", "Heading3":"Management of the DDRR Trust Fund", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Fundamental principles for the management of the DDRR Trust Fund are based on trans- parency and openness with a clear separation between the policy\/allocation aspects of the DDRR Trust Fund operations and the fiduciary\/administrative responsibility.The Trust Fund will be administered by UNDP in accordance with the terms of refer- ence of the Trust Fund. In this capacity, the UNDP will establish and maintain appropriate records and accounts to identify the contributions to the Fund, the commitments to be financed out of the Fund and the receipt and disbursement of funds.The DEX Unit will be established and will be composed of UNDP staff with the overall responsibility for financial management and procurement for the programme. The DEX Unit will monitor expenditures related to the activities financed under the Trust Fund. The respon- sibilities of the DEX Unit will include procurement of goods, services and other items, screening and recommending UNDP\u2019s approval and payment, and monitoring all expen- ditures financed by the funds. UNDP will finance the cost of the DEX Unit from its own proper resources; therefore, all contributions will go towards direct costs of the DDRR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":668, "Sentence":"In this capacity, the UNDP will establish and maintain appropriate records and accounts to identify the contributions to the Fund, the commitments to be financed out of the Fund and the receipt and disbursement of funds.The DEX Unit will be established and will be composed of UNDP staff with the overall responsibility for financial management and procurement for the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR capacity undp establish maintain appropriate record account identify contribution fund commitment financed fund receipt disbursement funds.the dex unit established composed undp staff overall responsibility financial management procurement programme ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"DEX Unit", "Heading3":"Management of the DDRR Trust Fund", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Fundamental principles for the management of the DDRR Trust Fund are based on trans- parency and openness with a clear separation between the policy\/allocation aspects of the DDRR Trust Fund operations and the fiduciary\/administrative responsibility.The Trust Fund will be administered by UNDP in accordance with the terms of refer- ence of the Trust Fund. In this capacity, the UNDP will establish and maintain appropriate records and accounts to identify the contributions to the Fund, the commitments to be financed out of the Fund and the receipt and disbursement of funds.The DEX Unit will be established and will be composed of UNDP staff with the overall responsibility for financial management and procurement for the programme. The DEX Unit will monitor expenditures related to the activities financed under the Trust Fund. The respon- sibilities of the DEX Unit will include procurement of goods, services and other items, screening and recommending UNDP\u2019s approval and payment, and monitoring all expen- ditures financed by the funds. UNDP will finance the cost of the DEX Unit from its own proper resources; therefore, all contributions will go towards direct costs of the DDRR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":668, "Sentence":"The DEX Unit will monitor expenditures related to the activities financed under the Trust Fund.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR dex unit monitor expenditure related activity financed trust fund ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"DEX Unit", "Heading3":"Management of the DDRR Trust Fund", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Fundamental principles for the management of the DDRR Trust Fund are based on trans- parency and openness with a clear separation between the policy\/allocation aspects of the DDRR Trust Fund operations and the fiduciary\/administrative responsibility.The Trust Fund will be administered by UNDP in accordance with the terms of refer- ence of the Trust Fund. In this capacity, the UNDP will establish and maintain appropriate records and accounts to identify the contributions to the Fund, the commitments to be financed out of the Fund and the receipt and disbursement of funds.The DEX Unit will be established and will be composed of UNDP staff with the overall responsibility for financial management and procurement for the programme. The DEX Unit will monitor expenditures related to the activities financed under the Trust Fund. The respon- sibilities of the DEX Unit will include procurement of goods, services and other items, screening and recommending UNDP\u2019s approval and payment, and monitoring all expen- ditures financed by the funds. UNDP will finance the cost of the DEX Unit from its own proper resources; therefore, all contributions will go towards direct costs of the DDRR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":668, "Sentence":"The respon- sibilities of the DEX Unit will include procurement of goods, services and other items, screening and recommending UNDP\u2019s approval and payment, and monitoring all expen- ditures financed by the funds.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR respon sibilities dex unit include procurement good service item screening recommending undp \u2019 approval payment monitoring expen ditures financed fund ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"DEX Unit", "Heading3":"Management of the DDRR Trust Fund", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Fundamental principles for the management of the DDRR Trust Fund are based on trans- parency and openness with a clear separation between the policy\/allocation aspects of the DDRR Trust Fund operations and the fiduciary\/administrative responsibility.The Trust Fund will be administered by UNDP in accordance with the terms of refer- ence of the Trust Fund. In this capacity, the UNDP will establish and maintain appropriate records and accounts to identify the contributions to the Fund, the commitments to be financed out of the Fund and the receipt and disbursement of funds.The DEX Unit will be established and will be composed of UNDP staff with the overall responsibility for financial management and procurement for the programme. The DEX Unit will monitor expenditures related to the activities financed under the Trust Fund. The respon- sibilities of the DEX Unit will include procurement of goods, services and other items, screening and recommending UNDP\u2019s approval and payment, and monitoring all expen- ditures financed by the funds. UNDP will finance the cost of the DEX Unit from its own proper resources; therefore, all contributions will go towards direct costs of the DDRR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":668, "Sentence":"UNDP will finance the cost of the DEX Unit from its own proper resources; therefore, all contributions will go towards direct costs of the DDRR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR undp finance cost dex unit proper resource therefore contribution go towards direct cost ddrr programme ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"DEX Unit", "Heading3":"Modalities of administration and administrative charges", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The UNDP, as the administrator of the DDRR Trust Fund, will be responsible for all dis- bursements in conformity with its own regulations, rules and procedures and consistent with the allocations and decisions made by the project approval and review committee of the JIU of the NCDDRR as well as the broader priorities set in consultation with the NCDDRR and the donor community.The UNDP will strive for maximum efficiency and effectiveness in administering the DDRR Trust Fund while promoting sound financial management and accountability to ensure that all required fiduciary and administrative cost elements are adequately funded.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":669, "Sentence":"The UNDP, as the administrator of the DDRR Trust Fund, will be responsible for all dis- bursements in conformity with its own regulations, rules and procedures and consistent with the allocations and decisions made by the project approval and review committee of the JIU of the NCDDRR as well as the broader priorities set in consultation with the NCDDRR and the donor community.The UNDP will strive for maximum efficiency and effectiveness in administering the DDRR Trust Fund while promoting sound financial management and accountability to ensure that all required fiduciary and administrative cost elements are adequately funded.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR undp administrator ddrr trust fund responsible dis bursements conformity regulation rule procedure consistent allocation decision made project approval review committee jiu ncddrr well broader priority set consultation ncddrr donor community.the undp strive maximum efficiency effectiveness administering ddrr trust fund promoting sound financial management accountability ensure required fiduciary administrative cost element adequately funded ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"DEX Unit", "Heading3":"Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A sound, independent monitoring and evaluation mechanism for the entire Fund will be established as well as adequate external audits.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":670, "Sentence":"A sound, independent monitoring and evaluation mechanism for the entire Fund will be established as well as adequate external audits.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR sound independent monitoring evaluation mechanism entire fund established well adequate external audit ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"DEX Unit", "Heading3":"Reporting and auditing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Appropriate progress reports will be forwarded to the donors on a monthly basis covering general progress on implementation, financial reports on income and expenditure. The progress reporting will be the prime responsibility of the UNDP Resident Representative in Monrovia. However, the reports will also be submitted to the donors through UNDP Headquarters in New York to the relevant permanent missions to the United Nations. These progress reports will include the status of intended outputs, achievements and progress on the programme.On an annual basis, UNDP will provide financial reports on income and expenditure of the Trust Fund to donors, in accordance with UNDP\u2019s financial regulations and rules. An annual financial statement will be prepared for the Fund showing income and expendi- tures as of 31 December of every year and shall be submitted by the 30 June, i.e., six months after.Contributions made available will be subject exclusively to the internal and external auditing procedures provided for in the financial regulations, rules and directives of UNDP. Should an audit report of the Board of Auditors of UNDP to its governing body contain observations relevant to the contributions, such information will be available to the donor(s).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":671, "Sentence":"Appropriate progress reports will be forwarded to the donors on a monthly basis covering general progress on implementation, financial reports on income and expenditure.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR appropriate progress report forwarded donor monthly basis covering general progress implementation financial report income expenditure ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"DEX Unit", "Heading3":"Reporting and auditing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Appropriate progress reports will be forwarded to the donors on a monthly basis covering general progress on implementation, financial reports on income and expenditure. The progress reporting will be the prime responsibility of the UNDP Resident Representative in Monrovia. However, the reports will also be submitted to the donors through UNDP Headquarters in New York to the relevant permanent missions to the United Nations. These progress reports will include the status of intended outputs, achievements and progress on the programme.On an annual basis, UNDP will provide financial reports on income and expenditure of the Trust Fund to donors, in accordance with UNDP\u2019s financial regulations and rules. An annual financial statement will be prepared for the Fund showing income and expendi- tures as of 31 December of every year and shall be submitted by the 30 June, i.e., six months after.Contributions made available will be subject exclusively to the internal and external auditing procedures provided for in the financial regulations, rules and directives of UNDP. Should an audit report of the Board of Auditors of UNDP to its governing body contain observations relevant to the contributions, such information will be available to the donor(s).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":671, "Sentence":"The progress reporting will be the prime responsibility of the UNDP Resident Representative in Monrovia.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR progress reporting prime responsibility undp resident representative monrovia ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"DEX Unit", "Heading3":"Reporting and auditing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Appropriate progress reports will be forwarded to the donors on a monthly basis covering general progress on implementation, financial reports on income and expenditure. The progress reporting will be the prime responsibility of the UNDP Resident Representative in Monrovia. However, the reports will also be submitted to the donors through UNDP Headquarters in New York to the relevant permanent missions to the United Nations. These progress reports will include the status of intended outputs, achievements and progress on the programme.On an annual basis, UNDP will provide financial reports on income and expenditure of the Trust Fund to donors, in accordance with UNDP\u2019s financial regulations and rules. An annual financial statement will be prepared for the Fund showing income and expendi- tures as of 31 December of every year and shall be submitted by the 30 June, i.e., six months after.Contributions made available will be subject exclusively to the internal and external auditing procedures provided for in the financial regulations, rules and directives of UNDP. Should an audit report of the Board of Auditors of UNDP to its governing body contain observations relevant to the contributions, such information will be available to the donor(s).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":671, "Sentence":"However, the reports will also be submitted to the donors through UNDP Headquarters in New York to the relevant permanent missions to the United Nations.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR however report also submitted donor undp headquarters new york relevant permanent mission united nation ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"DEX Unit", "Heading3":"Reporting and auditing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Appropriate progress reports will be forwarded to the donors on a monthly basis covering general progress on implementation, financial reports on income and expenditure. The progress reporting will be the prime responsibility of the UNDP Resident Representative in Monrovia. However, the reports will also be submitted to the donors through UNDP Headquarters in New York to the relevant permanent missions to the United Nations. These progress reports will include the status of intended outputs, achievements and progress on the programme.On an annual basis, UNDP will provide financial reports on income and expenditure of the Trust Fund to donors, in accordance with UNDP\u2019s financial regulations and rules. An annual financial statement will be prepared for the Fund showing income and expendi- tures as of 31 December of every year and shall be submitted by the 30 June, i.e., six months after.Contributions made available will be subject exclusively to the internal and external auditing procedures provided for in the financial regulations, rules and directives of UNDP. Should an audit report of the Board of Auditors of UNDP to its governing body contain observations relevant to the contributions, such information will be available to the donor(s).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":671, "Sentence":"These progress reports will include the status of intended outputs, achievements and progress on the programme.On an annual basis, UNDP will provide financial reports on income and expenditure of the Trust Fund to donors, in accordance with UNDP\u2019s financial regulations and rules.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR progress report include status intended output achievement progress programme.on annual basis undp provide financial report income expenditure trust fund donor accordance undp \u2019 financial regulation rule ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"DEX Unit", "Heading3":"Reporting and auditing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Appropriate progress reports will be forwarded to the donors on a monthly basis covering general progress on implementation, financial reports on income and expenditure. The progress reporting will be the prime responsibility of the UNDP Resident Representative in Monrovia. However, the reports will also be submitted to the donors through UNDP Headquarters in New York to the relevant permanent missions to the United Nations. These progress reports will include the status of intended outputs, achievements and progress on the programme.On an annual basis, UNDP will provide financial reports on income and expenditure of the Trust Fund to donors, in accordance with UNDP\u2019s financial regulations and rules. An annual financial statement will be prepared for the Fund showing income and expendi- tures as of 31 December of every year and shall be submitted by the 30 June, i.e., six months after.Contributions made available will be subject exclusively to the internal and external auditing procedures provided for in the financial regulations, rules and directives of UNDP. Should an audit report of the Board of Auditors of UNDP to its governing body contain observations relevant to the contributions, such information will be available to the donor(s).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":671, "Sentence":"An annual financial statement will be prepared for the Fund showing income and expendi- tures as of 31 December of every year and shall be submitted by the 30 June, i.e., six months after.Contributions made available will be subject exclusively to the internal and external auditing procedures provided for in the financial regulations, rules and directives of UNDP.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR annual financial statement prepared fund showing income expendi tures 31 december every year shall submitted 30 june i.e . six month after.contributions made available subject exclusively internal external auditing procedure provided financial regulation rule directive undp ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"DEX Unit", "Heading3":"Reporting and auditing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Appropriate progress reports will be forwarded to the donors on a monthly basis covering general progress on implementation, financial reports on income and expenditure. The progress reporting will be the prime responsibility of the UNDP Resident Representative in Monrovia. However, the reports will also be submitted to the donors through UNDP Headquarters in New York to the relevant permanent missions to the United Nations. These progress reports will include the status of intended outputs, achievements and progress on the programme.On an annual basis, UNDP will provide financial reports on income and expenditure of the Trust Fund to donors, in accordance with UNDP\u2019s financial regulations and rules. An annual financial statement will be prepared for the Fund showing income and expendi- tures as of 31 December of every year and shall be submitted by the 30 June, i.e., six months after.Contributions made available will be subject exclusively to the internal and external auditing procedures provided for in the financial regulations, rules and directives of UNDP. Should an audit report of the Board of Auditors of UNDP to its governing body contain observations relevant to the contributions, such information will be available to the donor(s).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":671, "Sentence":"Should an audit report of the Board of Auditors of UNDP to its governing body contain observations relevant to the contributions, such information will be available to the donor(s).", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR audit report board auditor undp governing body contain observation relevant contribution information available donor ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Technical Coordination Committee", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"A Technical Coordinating Committee (TCC) will be established by the JIU to consult and inform external programme partners on critical issues of planning and programme develop- ment with regard to the DDRR programme. This will provide a broad forum for technical and strategic consultation in support of rational programming for all the DDRR activities.The responsibilities of the TCC will be to: \\n identify strategic, operational and technical issues that may have an impact on the dis- armament, demobilisation and reintegration process; \\n develop technical standards, guidelines, and operating principles, which will be adhered to by all involved in the implementation of specific DDRR activities; \\n provide the framework for securing the support of key partners with regard to input to planning and implementing disarmament and demobilization activities as well as the reintegration process; \\n provide the basis for operational planning and consensus on issues relating to disarm- ament, demobilization and reintegration; and \\n on a regular basis identify key policy issues that need to be resolved by the policy com- mittee and provide policy options to the NCDDRR for consideration.The membership of the TCC will be based on invitation by the JIU and consist of rele- vant programme staff from agencies such as UNICEF, UNDP, UNHCR, WFP, WHO, EU, USAID, UNMIL, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), OCHA and other appro- priate agencies. Relevant NTGL agencies could be invited for participation when necessary. The TCC will be constituted on a relevant sector basis such as disarmament and demobiliza- tion and reintegration, and it will meet fortnightly or as and when required. The membership and participation will vary according to the relevant sector.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":672, "Sentence":"A Technical Coordinating Committee (TCC) will be established by the JIU to consult and inform external programme partners on critical issues of planning and programme develop- ment with regard to the DDRR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR technical coordinating committee tcc established jiu consult inform external programme partner critical issue planning programme develop ment regard ddrr programme ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Technical Coordination Committee", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"A Technical Coordinating Committee (TCC) will be established by the JIU to consult and inform external programme partners on critical issues of planning and programme develop- ment with regard to the DDRR programme. This will provide a broad forum for technical and strategic consultation in support of rational programming for all the DDRR activities.The responsibilities of the TCC will be to: \\n identify strategic, operational and technical issues that may have an impact on the dis- armament, demobilisation and reintegration process; \\n develop technical standards, guidelines, and operating principles, which will be adhered to by all involved in the implementation of specific DDRR activities; \\n provide the framework for securing the support of key partners with regard to input to planning and implementing disarmament and demobilization activities as well as the reintegration process; \\n provide the basis for operational planning and consensus on issues relating to disarm- ament, demobilization and reintegration; and \\n on a regular basis identify key policy issues that need to be resolved by the policy com- mittee and provide policy options to the NCDDRR for consideration.The membership of the TCC will be based on invitation by the JIU and consist of rele- vant programme staff from agencies such as UNICEF, UNDP, UNHCR, WFP, WHO, EU, USAID, UNMIL, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), OCHA and other appro- priate agencies. Relevant NTGL agencies could be invited for participation when necessary. The TCC will be constituted on a relevant sector basis such as disarmament and demobiliza- tion and reintegration, and it will meet fortnightly or as and when required. The membership and participation will vary according to the relevant sector.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":672, "Sentence":"This will provide a broad forum for technical and strategic consultation in support of rational programming for all the DDRR activities.The responsibilities of the TCC will be to: \\n identify strategic, operational and technical issues that may have an impact on the dis- armament, demobilisation and reintegration process; \\n develop technical standards, guidelines, and operating principles, which will be adhered to by all involved in the implementation of specific DDRR activities; \\n provide the framework for securing the support of key partners with regard to input to planning and implementing disarmament and demobilization activities as well as the reintegration process; \\n provide the basis for operational planning and consensus on issues relating to disarm- ament, demobilization and reintegration; and \\n on a regular basis identify key policy issues that need to be resolved by the policy com- mittee and provide policy options to the NCDDRR for consideration.The membership of the TCC will be based on invitation by the JIU and consist of rele- vant programme staff from agencies such as UNICEF, UNDP, UNHCR, WFP, WHO, EU, USAID, UNMIL, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), OCHA and other appro- priate agencies.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR provide broad forum technical strategic consultation support rational programming ddrr activities.the responsibility tcc n identify strategic operational technical issue may impact dis armament demobilisation reintegration process n develop technical standard guideline operating principle adhered involved implementation specific ddrr activity n provide framework securing support key partner regard input planning implementing disarmament demobilization activity well reintegration process n provide basis operational planning consensus issue relating disarm ament demobilization reintegration n regular basis identify key policy issue need resolved policy com mittee provide policy option ncddrr consideration.the membership tcc based invitation jiu consist rele vant programme staff agency unicef undp unhcr wfp eu usaid unmil food agriculture organization fao ocha appro priate agency ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Technical Coordination Committee", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"A Technical Coordinating Committee (TCC) will be established by the JIU to consult and inform external programme partners on critical issues of planning and programme develop- ment with regard to the DDRR programme. This will provide a broad forum for technical and strategic consultation in support of rational programming for all the DDRR activities.The responsibilities of the TCC will be to: \\n identify strategic, operational and technical issues that may have an impact on the dis- armament, demobilisation and reintegration process; \\n develop technical standards, guidelines, and operating principles, which will be adhered to by all involved in the implementation of specific DDRR activities; \\n provide the framework for securing the support of key partners with regard to input to planning and implementing disarmament and demobilization activities as well as the reintegration process; \\n provide the basis for operational planning and consensus on issues relating to disarm- ament, demobilization and reintegration; and \\n on a regular basis identify key policy issues that need to be resolved by the policy com- mittee and provide policy options to the NCDDRR for consideration.The membership of the TCC will be based on invitation by the JIU and consist of rele- vant programme staff from agencies such as UNICEF, UNDP, UNHCR, WFP, WHO, EU, USAID, UNMIL, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), OCHA and other appro- priate agencies. Relevant NTGL agencies could be invited for participation when necessary. The TCC will be constituted on a relevant sector basis such as disarmament and demobiliza- tion and reintegration, and it will meet fortnightly or as and when required. The membership and participation will vary according to the relevant sector.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":672, "Sentence":"Relevant NTGL agencies could be invited for participation when necessary.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR relevant ntgl agency could invited participation necessary ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Technical Coordination Committee", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"A Technical Coordinating Committee (TCC) will be established by the JIU to consult and inform external programme partners on critical issues of planning and programme develop- ment with regard to the DDRR programme. This will provide a broad forum for technical and strategic consultation in support of rational programming for all the DDRR activities.The responsibilities of the TCC will be to: \\n identify strategic, operational and technical issues that may have an impact on the dis- armament, demobilisation and reintegration process; \\n develop technical standards, guidelines, and operating principles, which will be adhered to by all involved in the implementation of specific DDRR activities; \\n provide the framework for securing the support of key partners with regard to input to planning and implementing disarmament and demobilization activities as well as the reintegration process; \\n provide the basis for operational planning and consensus on issues relating to disarm- ament, demobilization and reintegration; and \\n on a regular basis identify key policy issues that need to be resolved by the policy com- mittee and provide policy options to the NCDDRR for consideration.The membership of the TCC will be based on invitation by the JIU and consist of rele- vant programme staff from agencies such as UNICEF, UNDP, UNHCR, WFP, WHO, EU, USAID, UNMIL, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), OCHA and other appro- priate agencies. Relevant NTGL agencies could be invited for participation when necessary. The TCC will be constituted on a relevant sector basis such as disarmament and demobiliza- tion and reintegration, and it will meet fortnightly or as and when required. The membership and participation will vary according to the relevant sector.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":672, "Sentence":"The TCC will be constituted on a relevant sector basis such as disarmament and demobiliza- tion and reintegration, and it will meet fortnightly or as and when required.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR tcc constituted relevant sector basis disarmament demobiliza tion reintegration meet fortnightly required ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Technical Coordination Committee", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"A Technical Coordinating Committee (TCC) will be established by the JIU to consult and inform external programme partners on critical issues of planning and programme develop- ment with regard to the DDRR programme. This will provide a broad forum for technical and strategic consultation in support of rational programming for all the DDRR activities.The responsibilities of the TCC will be to: \\n identify strategic, operational and technical issues that may have an impact on the dis- armament, demobilisation and reintegration process; \\n develop technical standards, guidelines, and operating principles, which will be adhered to by all involved in the implementation of specific DDRR activities; \\n provide the framework for securing the support of key partners with regard to input to planning and implementing disarmament and demobilization activities as well as the reintegration process; \\n provide the basis for operational planning and consensus on issues relating to disarm- ament, demobilization and reintegration; and \\n on a regular basis identify key policy issues that need to be resolved by the policy com- mittee and provide policy options to the NCDDRR for consideration.The membership of the TCC will be based on invitation by the JIU and consist of rele- vant programme staff from agencies such as UNICEF, UNDP, UNHCR, WFP, WHO, EU, USAID, UNMIL, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), OCHA and other appro- priate agencies. Relevant NTGL agencies could be invited for participation when necessary. The TCC will be constituted on a relevant sector basis such as disarmament and demobiliza- tion and reintegration, and it will meet fortnightly or as and when required. The membership and participation will vary according to the relevant sector.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":672, "Sentence":"The membership and participation will vary according to the relevant sector.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR membership participation vary according relevant sector ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Project Approval Committee", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"A Project Approval Committee (PAC) will be established to ensure transparency in the use of donor resources. The PAC will be responsible for the review and approval of projects submitted by the implementing partners (i.e., international and national NGOs, etc.) to the JIU of the NCDDRRP. Financial resources from the assessed budget of the mission would be processed outside this framework. The members of the PAC will comprise one represen- tative each from the EU, USAID, UNDP, UNMIL, UNICEF and NTGL.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":673, "Sentence":"A Project Approval Committee (PAC) will be established to ensure transparency in the use of donor resources.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR project approval committee pac established ensure transparency use donor resource ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Project Approval Committee", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"A Project Approval Committee (PAC) will be established to ensure transparency in the use of donor resources. The PAC will be responsible for the review and approval of projects submitted by the implementing partners (i.e., international and national NGOs, etc.) to the JIU of the NCDDRRP. Financial resources from the assessed budget of the mission would be processed outside this framework. The members of the PAC will comprise one represen- tative each from the EU, USAID, UNDP, UNMIL, UNICEF and NTGL.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":673, "Sentence":"The PAC will be responsible for the review and approval of projects submitted by the implementing partners (i.e., international and national NGOs, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR pac responsible review approval project submitted implementing partner i.e . international national ngo etc ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Project Approval Committee", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"A Project Approval Committee (PAC) will be established to ensure transparency in the use of donor resources. The PAC will be responsible for the review and approval of projects submitted by the implementing partners (i.e., international and national NGOs, etc.) to the JIU of the NCDDRRP. Financial resources from the assessed budget of the mission would be processed outside this framework. The members of the PAC will comprise one represen- tative each from the EU, USAID, UNDP, UNMIL, UNICEF and NTGL.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":673, "Sentence":"to the JIU of the NCDDRRP.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR jiu ncddrrp ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Project Approval Committee", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"A Project Approval Committee (PAC) will be established to ensure transparency in the use of donor resources. The PAC will be responsible for the review and approval of projects submitted by the implementing partners (i.e., international and national NGOs, etc.) to the JIU of the NCDDRRP. Financial resources from the assessed budget of the mission would be processed outside this framework. The members of the PAC will comprise one represen- tative each from the EU, USAID, UNDP, UNMIL, UNICEF and NTGL.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":673, "Sentence":"Financial resources from the assessed budget of the mission would be processed outside this framework.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR financial resource assessed budget mission would processed outside framework ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Liberia DDR programme: Strategy and implementation modalities", "Heading2":"Project Approval Committee", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"A Project Approval Committee (PAC) will be established to ensure transparency in the use of donor resources. The PAC will be responsible for the review and approval of projects submitted by the implementing partners (i.e., international and national NGOs, etc.) to the JIU of the NCDDRRP. Financial resources from the assessed budget of the mission would be processed outside this framework. The members of the PAC will comprise one represen- tative each from the EU, USAID, UNDP, UNMIL, UNICEF and NTGL.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":673, "Sentence":"The members of the PAC will comprise one represen- tative each from the EU, USAID, UNDP, UNMIL, UNICEF and NTGL.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR member pac comprise one represen tative eu usaid undp unmil unicef ntgl ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"1 See The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post\u00adConflict Societies, report of the Secretary- General to the Security Council, S\/2004\/616, 3 August 2004. \\n 2 Ibid., p. 4.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":674, "Sentence":"1 See The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post\u00adConflict Societies, report of the Secretary- General to the Security Council, S\/2004\/616, 3 August 2004.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR 1 see rule law transitional justice conflict post\u00adconflict society report secretary general security council s\/2004\/616 3 august 2004 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#00A554", "Level":3, "LevelName":"3", "Title":"IDDRS-3.30-National-Institutions-for-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"National Institutions for DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"1 See The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post\u00adConflict Societies, report of the Secretary- General to the Security Council, S\/2004\/616, 3 August 2004. \\n 2 Ibid., p. 4.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":674, "Sentence":"\\n 2 Ibid., p. 4.", "ProcessedSent":"National Institutions for DDR n 2 ibid . p. 4 ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Military personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.When DDR is implemented in mission settings with a UN peacekeeping operation, the primary role of the military component should be to provide a secure environment and to observe, monitor and report on security-related issues. This role may include the provision of security to DDR programmes and to DDR-related tools, including pre-DDR. In addition to providing security, military components in mission settings may also provide technical support to disarmament, transitional weapons and ammunition management, and the establishment and maintenance of transitional security arrangements (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management, and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).To ensure the successful employment of a military component within a mission setting, DDR tasks must be included in endorsed mission operational requirements, include a gender perspective and be specifically mandated and properly resourced. Without the requisite planning and coordination, military logistical capacity cannot be guaranteed.UN military contingents are often absent from special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. In SPMs, UN military personnel will more often consist of military observers (MILOBs) and military advisers.1 These personnel may be able to provide technical advice on a range of security issues in support of DDR processes. They may also be required to build relationships with non-UN military forces mandated to support DDR processes, including national armed forces and regionally- led peace support operations.In non-mission settings, UN or regionally-led peace operations with military components are absent. Instead, national and international military personnel can be mandated to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. The roles and responsibilities of these military personnel may be similar to those played by UN military personnel in mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":675, "Sentence":"Military personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military personnel posse wide range skill capacity contribute ddr process mission nonmission setting ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Military personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.When DDR is implemented in mission settings with a UN peacekeeping operation, the primary role of the military component should be to provide a secure environment and to observe, monitor and report on security-related issues. This role may include the provision of security to DDR programmes and to DDR-related tools, including pre-DDR. In addition to providing security, military components in mission settings may also provide technical support to disarmament, transitional weapons and ammunition management, and the establishment and maintenance of transitional security arrangements (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management, and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).To ensure the successful employment of a military component within a mission setting, DDR tasks must be included in endorsed mission operational requirements, include a gender perspective and be specifically mandated and properly resourced. Without the requisite planning and coordination, military logistical capacity cannot be guaranteed.UN military contingents are often absent from special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. In SPMs, UN military personnel will more often consist of military observers (MILOBs) and military advisers.1 These personnel may be able to provide technical advice on a range of security issues in support of DDR processes. They may also be required to build relationships with non-UN military forces mandated to support DDR processes, including national armed forces and regionally- led peace support operations.In non-mission settings, UN or regionally-led peace operations with military components are absent. Instead, national and international military personnel can be mandated to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. The roles and responsibilities of these military personnel may be similar to those played by UN military personnel in mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":675, "Sentence":"As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities outlined iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr mission setting situation peace operation deployed peacekeeping operation political mission good office engagement un regional organization ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Military personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.When DDR is implemented in mission settings with a UN peacekeeping operation, the primary role of the military component should be to provide a secure environment and to observe, monitor and report on security-related issues. This role may include the provision of security to DDR programmes and to DDR-related tools, including pre-DDR. In addition to providing security, military components in mission settings may also provide technical support to disarmament, transitional weapons and ammunition management, and the establishment and maintenance of transitional security arrangements (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management, and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).To ensure the successful employment of a military component within a mission setting, DDR tasks must be included in endorsed mission operational requirements, include a gender perspective and be specifically mandated and properly resourced. Without the requisite planning and coordination, military logistical capacity cannot be guaranteed.UN military contingents are often absent from special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. In SPMs, UN military personnel will more often consist of military observers (MILOBs) and military advisers.1 These personnel may be able to provide technical advice on a range of security issues in support of DDR processes. They may also be required to build relationships with non-UN military forces mandated to support DDR processes, including national armed forces and regionally- led peace support operations.In non-mission settings, UN or regionally-led peace operations with military components are absent. Instead, national and international military personnel can be mandated to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. The roles and responsibilities of these military personnel may be similar to those played by UN military personnel in mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":675, "Sentence":"Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.When DDR is implemented in mission settings with a UN peacekeeping operation, the primary role of the military component should be to provide a secure environment and to observe, monitor and report on security-related issues.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities nonmission setting peace operation deployed either peacekeeping operation political mission good office engagements.when ddr implemented mission setting un peacekeeping operation primary role military component provide secure environment observe monitor report securityrelated issue ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Military personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.When DDR is implemented in mission settings with a UN peacekeeping operation, the primary role of the military component should be to provide a secure environment and to observe, monitor and report on security-related issues. This role may include the provision of security to DDR programmes and to DDR-related tools, including pre-DDR. In addition to providing security, military components in mission settings may also provide technical support to disarmament, transitional weapons and ammunition management, and the establishment and maintenance of transitional security arrangements (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management, and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).To ensure the successful employment of a military component within a mission setting, DDR tasks must be included in endorsed mission operational requirements, include a gender perspective and be specifically mandated and properly resourced. Without the requisite planning and coordination, military logistical capacity cannot be guaranteed.UN military contingents are often absent from special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. In SPMs, UN military personnel will more often consist of military observers (MILOBs) and military advisers.1 These personnel may be able to provide technical advice on a range of security issues in support of DDR processes. They may also be required to build relationships with non-UN military forces mandated to support DDR processes, including national armed forces and regionally- led peace support operations.In non-mission settings, UN or regionally-led peace operations with military components are absent. Instead, national and international military personnel can be mandated to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. The roles and responsibilities of these military personnel may be similar to those played by UN military personnel in mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":675, "Sentence":"This role may include the provision of security to DDR programmes and to DDR-related tools, including pre-DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities role may include provision security ddr programme ddrrelated tool including preddr ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Military personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.When DDR is implemented in mission settings with a UN peacekeeping operation, the primary role of the military component should be to provide a secure environment and to observe, monitor and report on security-related issues. This role may include the provision of security to DDR programmes and to DDR-related tools, including pre-DDR. In addition to providing security, military components in mission settings may also provide technical support to disarmament, transitional weapons and ammunition management, and the establishment and maintenance of transitional security arrangements (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management, and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).To ensure the successful employment of a military component within a mission setting, DDR tasks must be included in endorsed mission operational requirements, include a gender perspective and be specifically mandated and properly resourced. Without the requisite planning and coordination, military logistical capacity cannot be guaranteed.UN military contingents are often absent from special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. In SPMs, UN military personnel will more often consist of military observers (MILOBs) and military advisers.1 These personnel may be able to provide technical advice on a range of security issues in support of DDR processes. They may also be required to build relationships with non-UN military forces mandated to support DDR processes, including national armed forces and regionally- led peace support operations.In non-mission settings, UN or regionally-led peace operations with military components are absent. Instead, national and international military personnel can be mandated to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. The roles and responsibilities of these military personnel may be similar to those played by UN military personnel in mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":675, "Sentence":"In addition to providing security, military components in mission settings may also provide technical support to disarmament, transitional weapons and ammunition management, and the establishment and maintenance of transitional security arrangements (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management, and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).To ensure the successful employment of a military component within a mission setting, DDR tasks must be included in endorsed mission operational requirements, include a gender perspective and be specifically mandated and properly resourced.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities addition providing security military component mission setting may also provide technical support disarmament transitional weapon ammunition management establishment maintenance transitional security arrangement see iddrs 4.10 disarmament iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammunition management iddrs 2.20 politics ddr.to ensure successful employment military component within mission setting ddr task must included endorsed mission operational requirement include gender perspective specifically mandated properly resourced ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Military personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.When DDR is implemented in mission settings with a UN peacekeeping operation, the primary role of the military component should be to provide a secure environment and to observe, monitor and report on security-related issues. This role may include the provision of security to DDR programmes and to DDR-related tools, including pre-DDR. In addition to providing security, military components in mission settings may also provide technical support to disarmament, transitional weapons and ammunition management, and the establishment and maintenance of transitional security arrangements (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management, and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).To ensure the successful employment of a military component within a mission setting, DDR tasks must be included in endorsed mission operational requirements, include a gender perspective and be specifically mandated and properly resourced. Without the requisite planning and coordination, military logistical capacity cannot be guaranteed.UN military contingents are often absent from special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. In SPMs, UN military personnel will more often consist of military observers (MILOBs) and military advisers.1 These personnel may be able to provide technical advice on a range of security issues in support of DDR processes. They may also be required to build relationships with non-UN military forces mandated to support DDR processes, including national armed forces and regionally- led peace support operations.In non-mission settings, UN or regionally-led peace operations with military components are absent. Instead, national and international military personnel can be mandated to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. The roles and responsibilities of these military personnel may be similar to those played by UN military personnel in mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":675, "Sentence":"Without the requisite planning and coordination, military logistical capacity cannot be guaranteed.UN military contingents are often absent from special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities without requisite planning coordination military logistical capacity guaranteed.un military contingent often absent special political mission spms nonmission setting ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Military personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.When DDR is implemented in mission settings with a UN peacekeeping operation, the primary role of the military component should be to provide a secure environment and to observe, monitor and report on security-related issues. This role may include the provision of security to DDR programmes and to DDR-related tools, including pre-DDR. In addition to providing security, military components in mission settings may also provide technical support to disarmament, transitional weapons and ammunition management, and the establishment and maintenance of transitional security arrangements (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management, and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).To ensure the successful employment of a military component within a mission setting, DDR tasks must be included in endorsed mission operational requirements, include a gender perspective and be specifically mandated and properly resourced. Without the requisite planning and coordination, military logistical capacity cannot be guaranteed.UN military contingents are often absent from special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. In SPMs, UN military personnel will more often consist of military observers (MILOBs) and military advisers.1 These personnel may be able to provide technical advice on a range of security issues in support of DDR processes. They may also be required to build relationships with non-UN military forces mandated to support DDR processes, including national armed forces and regionally- led peace support operations.In non-mission settings, UN or regionally-led peace operations with military components are absent. Instead, national and international military personnel can be mandated to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. The roles and responsibilities of these military personnel may be similar to those played by UN military personnel in mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":675, "Sentence":"In SPMs, UN military personnel will more often consist of military observers (MILOBs) and military advisers.1 These personnel may be able to provide technical advice on a range of security issues in support of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities spms un military personnel often consist military observer milobs military advisers.1 personnel may able provide technical advice range security issue support ddr process ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Military personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.When DDR is implemented in mission settings with a UN peacekeeping operation, the primary role of the military component should be to provide a secure environment and to observe, monitor and report on security-related issues. This role may include the provision of security to DDR programmes and to DDR-related tools, including pre-DDR. In addition to providing security, military components in mission settings may also provide technical support to disarmament, transitional weapons and ammunition management, and the establishment and maintenance of transitional security arrangements (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management, and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).To ensure the successful employment of a military component within a mission setting, DDR tasks must be included in endorsed mission operational requirements, include a gender perspective and be specifically mandated and properly resourced. Without the requisite planning and coordination, military logistical capacity cannot be guaranteed.UN military contingents are often absent from special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. In SPMs, UN military personnel will more often consist of military observers (MILOBs) and military advisers.1 These personnel may be able to provide technical advice on a range of security issues in support of DDR processes. They may also be required to build relationships with non-UN military forces mandated to support DDR processes, including national armed forces and regionally- led peace support operations.In non-mission settings, UN or regionally-led peace operations with military components are absent. Instead, national and international military personnel can be mandated to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. The roles and responsibilities of these military personnel may be similar to those played by UN military personnel in mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":675, "Sentence":"They may also be required to build relationships with non-UN military forces mandated to support DDR processes, including national armed forces and regionally- led peace support operations.In non-mission settings, UN or regionally-led peace operations with military components are absent.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities may also required build relationship nonun military force mandated support ddr process including national armed force regionally led peace support operations.in nonmission setting un regionallyled peace operation military component absent ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Military personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.When DDR is implemented in mission settings with a UN peacekeeping operation, the primary role of the military component should be to provide a secure environment and to observe, monitor and report on security-related issues. This role may include the provision of security to DDR programmes and to DDR-related tools, including pre-DDR. In addition to providing security, military components in mission settings may also provide technical support to disarmament, transitional weapons and ammunition management, and the establishment and maintenance of transitional security arrangements (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management, and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).To ensure the successful employment of a military component within a mission setting, DDR tasks must be included in endorsed mission operational requirements, include a gender perspective and be specifically mandated and properly resourced. Without the requisite planning and coordination, military logistical capacity cannot be guaranteed.UN military contingents are often absent from special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. In SPMs, UN military personnel will more often consist of military observers (MILOBs) and military advisers.1 These personnel may be able to provide technical advice on a range of security issues in support of DDR processes. They may also be required to build relationships with non-UN military forces mandated to support DDR processes, including national armed forces and regionally- led peace support operations.In non-mission settings, UN or regionally-led peace operations with military components are absent. Instead, national and international military personnel can be mandated to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. The roles and responsibilities of these military personnel may be similar to those played by UN military personnel in mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":675, "Sentence":"Instead, national and international military personnel can be mandated to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities instead national international military personnel mandated support ddr process either part national armed force part joint military team formed bilateral military cooperation ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Military personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.When DDR is implemented in mission settings with a UN peacekeeping operation, the primary role of the military component should be to provide a secure environment and to observe, monitor and report on security-related issues. This role may include the provision of security to DDR programmes and to DDR-related tools, including pre-DDR. In addition to providing security, military components in mission settings may also provide technical support to disarmament, transitional weapons and ammunition management, and the establishment and maintenance of transitional security arrangements (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management, and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).To ensure the successful employment of a military component within a mission setting, DDR tasks must be included in endorsed mission operational requirements, include a gender perspective and be specifically mandated and properly resourced. Without the requisite planning and coordination, military logistical capacity cannot be guaranteed.UN military contingents are often absent from special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. In SPMs, UN military personnel will more often consist of military observers (MILOBs) and military advisers.1 These personnel may be able to provide technical advice on a range of security issues in support of DDR processes. They may also be required to build relationships with non-UN military forces mandated to support DDR processes, including national armed forces and regionally- led peace support operations.In non-mission settings, UN or regionally-led peace operations with military components are absent. Instead, national and international military personnel can be mandated to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. The roles and responsibilities of these military personnel may be similar to those played by UN military personnel in mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":675, "Sentence":"The roles and responsibilities of these military personnel may be similar to those played by UN military personnel in mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities role responsibility military personnel may similar played un military personnel mission setting ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The objective of this module is to outline possible military contributions to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. Although the guidance in this module is based on the experience of UN military components, it is designed for all military personnel who contribute to DDR processes, irrespective of whether these personnel are affiliated to the UN, regional organizations, joint military teams or national armed forces. The guidance is also designed for civilian DDR practitioners who are interested in the ways that military personnel may be able to support their work. The module discusses the factors to be considered when employing military capacity in support of DDR. Routine military tasks that are carried out according to national security policies and strategies are beyond the scope of this module.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":676, "Sentence":"The objective of this module is to outline possible military contributions to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities objective module outline possible military contribution ddr process context un peacekeeping operation special political mission spms nonmission setting ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The objective of this module is to outline possible military contributions to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. Although the guidance in this module is based on the experience of UN military components, it is designed for all military personnel who contribute to DDR processes, irrespective of whether these personnel are affiliated to the UN, regional organizations, joint military teams or national armed forces. The guidance is also designed for civilian DDR practitioners who are interested in the ways that military personnel may be able to support their work. The module discusses the factors to be considered when employing military capacity in support of DDR. Routine military tasks that are carried out according to national security policies and strategies are beyond the scope of this module.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":676, "Sentence":"Although the guidance in this module is based on the experience of UN military components, it is designed for all military personnel who contribute to DDR processes, irrespective of whether these personnel are affiliated to the UN, regional organizations, joint military teams or national armed forces.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities although guidance module based experience un military component designed military personnel contribute ddr process irrespective whether personnel affiliated un regional organization joint military team national armed force ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The objective of this module is to outline possible military contributions to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. Although the guidance in this module is based on the experience of UN military components, it is designed for all military personnel who contribute to DDR processes, irrespective of whether these personnel are affiliated to the UN, regional organizations, joint military teams or national armed forces. The guidance is also designed for civilian DDR practitioners who are interested in the ways that military personnel may be able to support their work. The module discusses the factors to be considered when employing military capacity in support of DDR. Routine military tasks that are carried out according to national security policies and strategies are beyond the scope of this module.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":676, "Sentence":"The guidance is also designed for civilian DDR practitioners who are interested in the ways that military personnel may be able to support their work.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities guidance also designed civilian ddr practitioner interested way military personnel may able support work ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The objective of this module is to outline possible military contributions to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. Although the guidance in this module is based on the experience of UN military components, it is designed for all military personnel who contribute to DDR processes, irrespective of whether these personnel are affiliated to the UN, regional organizations, joint military teams or national armed forces. The guidance is also designed for civilian DDR practitioners who are interested in the ways that military personnel may be able to support their work. The module discusses the factors to be considered when employing military capacity in support of DDR. Routine military tasks that are carried out according to national security policies and strategies are beyond the scope of this module.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":676, "Sentence":"The module discusses the factors to be considered when employing military capacity in support of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities module discus factor considered employing military capacity support ddr ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The objective of this module is to outline possible military contributions to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. Although the guidance in this module is based on the experience of UN military components, it is designed for all military personnel who contribute to DDR processes, irrespective of whether these personnel are affiliated to the UN, regional organizations, joint military teams or national armed forces. The guidance is also designed for civilian DDR practitioners who are interested in the ways that military personnel may be able to support their work. The module discusses the factors to be considered when employing military capacity in support of DDR. Routine military tasks that are carried out according to national security policies and strategies are beyond the scope of this module.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":676, "Sentence":"Routine military tasks that are carried out according to national security policies and strategies are beyond the scope of this module.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities routine military task carried according national security policy strategy beyond scope module ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should,\u2019 \u2018may,\u2019 \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":677, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities annex contains list abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should,\u2019 \u2018may,\u2019 \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":677, "Sentence":"A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should,\u2019 \u2018may,\u2019 \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities complete glossary term definition abbreviation used iddrs series given iddrs 1.20.in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should,\u2019 \u2018may,\u2019 \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":677, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities use consistent language used international organization standardization iso standard guideline n \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action n \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability n e \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Military personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that may contribute to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, SPMs, and non-mission settings. In peacekeeping operations, military components may be made up of formed contingents\/units, MILOBs, and staff officers (see section 4). In contrast, in SPMs, MILOBs and military advisers may be deployed in the absence of formed military contingents. In non-mission settings, national and international military personnel can be mandated to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. In these various types of settings, the role of the military will differ depending on the specific mandate and the resources available.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":678, "Sentence":"Military personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that may contribute to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, SPMs, and non-mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military personnel posse wide range skill capacity may contribute ddr process context un peacekeeping operation spms nonmission setting ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Military personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that may contribute to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, SPMs, and non-mission settings. In peacekeeping operations, military components may be made up of formed contingents\/units, MILOBs, and staff officers (see section 4). In contrast, in SPMs, MILOBs and military advisers may be deployed in the absence of formed military contingents. In non-mission settings, national and international military personnel can be mandated to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. In these various types of settings, the role of the military will differ depending on the specific mandate and the resources available.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":678, "Sentence":"In peacekeeping operations, military components may be made up of formed contingents\/units, MILOBs, and staff officers (see section 4).", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities peacekeeping operation military component may made formed contingents\/units milobs staff officer see section 4 ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Military personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that may contribute to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, SPMs, and non-mission settings. In peacekeeping operations, military components may be made up of formed contingents\/units, MILOBs, and staff officers (see section 4). In contrast, in SPMs, MILOBs and military advisers may be deployed in the absence of formed military contingents. In non-mission settings, national and international military personnel can be mandated to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. In these various types of settings, the role of the military will differ depending on the specific mandate and the resources available.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":678, "Sentence":"In contrast, in SPMs, MILOBs and military advisers may be deployed in the absence of formed military contingents.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities contrast spms milobs military adviser may deployed absence formed military contingent ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Military personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that may contribute to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, SPMs, and non-mission settings. In peacekeeping operations, military components may be made up of formed contingents\/units, MILOBs, and staff officers (see section 4). In contrast, in SPMs, MILOBs and military advisers may be deployed in the absence of formed military contingents. In non-mission settings, national and international military personnel can be mandated to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. In these various types of settings, the role of the military will differ depending on the specific mandate and the resources available.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":678, "Sentence":"In non-mission settings, national and international military personnel can be mandated to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities nonmission setting national international military personnel mandated support ddr process either part national armed force part joint military team formed bilateral military cooperation ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Military personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that may contribute to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, SPMs, and non-mission settings. In peacekeeping operations, military components may be made up of formed contingents\/units, MILOBs, and staff officers (see section 4). In contrast, in SPMs, MILOBs and military advisers may be deployed in the absence of formed military contingents. In non-mission settings, national and international military personnel can be mandated to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. In these various types of settings, the role of the military will differ depending on the specific mandate and the resources available.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":678, "Sentence":"In these various types of settings, the role of the military will differ depending on the specific mandate and the resources available.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities various type setting role military differ depending specific mandate resource available ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to military roles and responsibilities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":679, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to military roles and responsibilities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":679, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to military roles and responsibilities.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities section outline principle apply military role responsibility ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR shall not be conflated with military operations or counter-insurgency strategies. DDR is a voluntary process, and practitioners shall therefore seek legal advice if confronted with combatants who surrender or are captured during overt military operations, or if there are any concerns regarding the voluntariness of persons participating in DDR. In contexts where DDR is linked to Security Sector Reform, the integration of vetted former members of armed groups into national armed forces, the police or other uniformed services as part of a DDR process shall be voluntary (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":680, "Sentence":"Integrated DDR shall not be conflated with military operations or counter-insurgency strategies.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities integrated ddr shall conflated military operation counterinsurgency strategy ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR shall not be conflated with military operations or counter-insurgency strategies. DDR is a voluntary process, and practitioners shall therefore seek legal advice if confronted with combatants who surrender or are captured during overt military operations, or if there are any concerns regarding the voluntariness of persons participating in DDR. In contexts where DDR is linked to Security Sector Reform, the integration of vetted former members of armed groups into national armed forces, the police or other uniformed services as part of a DDR process shall be voluntary (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":680, "Sentence":"DDR is a voluntary process, and practitioners shall therefore seek legal advice if confronted with combatants who surrender or are captured during overt military operations, or if there are any concerns regarding the voluntariness of persons participating in DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities ddr voluntary process practitioner shall therefore seek legal advice confronted combatant surrender captured overt military operation concern regarding voluntariness person participating ddr ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Integrated DDR shall not be conflated with military operations or counter-insurgency strategies. DDR is a voluntary process, and practitioners shall therefore seek legal advice if confronted with combatants who surrender or are captured during overt military operations, or if there are any concerns regarding the voluntariness of persons participating in DDR. In contexts where DDR is linked to Security Sector Reform, the integration of vetted former members of armed groups into national armed forces, the police or other uniformed services as part of a DDR process shall be voluntary (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":680, "Sentence":"In contexts where DDR is linked to Security Sector Reform, the integration of vetted former members of armed groups into national armed forces, the police or other uniformed services as part of a DDR process shall be voluntary (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities context ddr linked security sector reform integration vetted former member armed group national armed force police uniformed service part ddr process shall voluntary see iddrs 6.10 ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When DDR and SSR processes are linked, former members of armed groups shall only be recruited into the reformed security sector if they are thoroughly vetted and meet the designated recruitment criteria. Former members of armed groups shall not be integrated into the national armed forces merely because of their status as a member of an armed group. Children shall not be recruited into the national armed forces and effective age assessment procedures must be in place (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Former members of armed groups who have been involved in the commission of war crimes or human rights violations shall not be eligible for recruitment into the national armed forces, including when DDR processes are linked to SSR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":681, "Sentence":"When DDR and SSR processes are linked, former members of armed groups shall only be recruited into the reformed security sector if they are thoroughly vetted and meet the designated recruitment criteria.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities ddr ssr process linked former member armed group shall recruited reformed security sector thoroughly vetted meet designated recruitment criterion ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When DDR and SSR processes are linked, former members of armed groups shall only be recruited into the reformed security sector if they are thoroughly vetted and meet the designated recruitment criteria. Former members of armed groups shall not be integrated into the national armed forces merely because of their status as a member of an armed group. Children shall not be recruited into the national armed forces and effective age assessment procedures must be in place (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Former members of armed groups who have been involved in the commission of war crimes or human rights violations shall not be eligible for recruitment into the national armed forces, including when DDR processes are linked to SSR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":681, "Sentence":"Former members of armed groups shall not be integrated into the national armed forces merely because of their status as a member of an armed group.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities former member armed group shall integrated national armed force merely status member armed group ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When DDR and SSR processes are linked, former members of armed groups shall only be recruited into the reformed security sector if they are thoroughly vetted and meet the designated recruitment criteria. Former members of armed groups shall not be integrated into the national armed forces merely because of their status as a member of an armed group. Children shall not be recruited into the national armed forces and effective age assessment procedures must be in place (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Former members of armed groups who have been involved in the commission of war crimes or human rights violations shall not be eligible for recruitment into the national armed forces, including when DDR processes are linked to SSR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":681, "Sentence":"Children shall not be recruited into the national armed forces and effective age assessment procedures must be in place (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities child shall recruited national armed force effective age assessment procedure must place see iddrs 5.20 child ddr ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When DDR and SSR processes are linked, former members of armed groups shall only be recruited into the reformed security sector if they are thoroughly vetted and meet the designated recruitment criteria. Former members of armed groups shall not be integrated into the national armed forces merely because of their status as a member of an armed group. Children shall not be recruited into the national armed forces and effective age assessment procedures must be in place (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Former members of armed groups who have been involved in the commission of war crimes or human rights violations shall not be eligible for recruitment into the national armed forces, including when DDR processes are linked to SSR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":681, "Sentence":"Former members of armed groups who have been involved in the commission of war crimes or human rights violations shall not be eligible for recruitment into the national armed forces, including when DDR processes are linked to SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities former member armed group involved commission war crime human right violation shall eligible recruitment national armed force including ddr process linked ssr ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"In missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the military component. The child protection mandates for missions can include: support to DDR processes, including the effective identification and demobilisation of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys; a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely, recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access; and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations.. The tasks of the military component, in close coordination with mission child protection advisors, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; gathering and sharing information through the military chain of command and child protection advisors on the Six Grave Violations; supporting the separation of children from armed forces and groups, including their handover to civilian child protection actors; and providing security for Child Protection Advisers or civil society actors when they visit the military barracks of armed forces\/armed groups. Child protection shall be integrated into all military work, including when UN civilian and military personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State armed forces in conflict affected countries.The military component shall ensure that gender-responsive child protection is understood by all members of the force and those persons working with military personnel through in-mission induction briefings and ongoing training on child protection. Child protection shall also be mainstreamed into daily operations and, in particular, into protection activities. Commanders, staff and associated personnel at all levels should ensure that threats to and from children and their vulnerabilities are identified, and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers, other protection partners and local communities. These plans should include a gender perspective in order to recognise the different threats to, and protection concerns of, girls and boys.A military child protection focal point network shall be implemented at the operational and tactical levels to ensure that child protection concerns are considered at all stages of the planning process and in operational activities. The military component shall appoint a military child protection focal point at mission headquarters as well as child protection focal points within Battalion\/Company Headquarters.Child protection and child rights shall be included not only in military training but in standard operating procedures as well as in military guidance as appropriate. Force commanders and tactical level commanders, in consultation with mission child protection actors, shall issue specific guidance on child protection in the format of a Force Directive on Child Protection and tactical level SOPs. Specific SOPs and\/or protocols shall be developed on the handover to civilian child protection actors of children captured in operations, those who surrender to the peacekeeping force, or those released en masse. Specific gender-responsive guidelines shall also be developed for the battalion on child protection concerns for girls and boys, including detention, conduct during interaction with children, and prevention of all forms of exploitation against children, including child labour, sexual exploitation and abuse, and protection of civilians. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, military staff should always consider the impact on girls and boys and their protection, and always consult mission child protection advisers. All SOPs and guidelines shall include a gender perspective in order for practitioners to develop fully gender-responsive plans that meet the differing needs of girls and boys. For further guidance, refer to the UN\u2019s Military Specialised Training Materials on Child Protection.2", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":682, "Sentence":"In missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the military component.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities mission hold specific child protection\/children armed conflict mandate child protection specified mandated task military component ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"In missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the military component. The child protection mandates for missions can include: support to DDR processes, including the effective identification and demobilisation of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys; a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely, recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access; and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations.. The tasks of the military component, in close coordination with mission child protection advisors, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; gathering and sharing information through the military chain of command and child protection advisors on the Six Grave Violations; supporting the separation of children from armed forces and groups, including their handover to civilian child protection actors; and providing security for Child Protection Advisers or civil society actors when they visit the military barracks of armed forces\/armed groups. Child protection shall be integrated into all military work, including when UN civilian and military personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State armed forces in conflict affected countries.The military component shall ensure that gender-responsive child protection is understood by all members of the force and those persons working with military personnel through in-mission induction briefings and ongoing training on child protection. Child protection shall also be mainstreamed into daily operations and, in particular, into protection activities. Commanders, staff and associated personnel at all levels should ensure that threats to and from children and their vulnerabilities are identified, and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers, other protection partners and local communities. These plans should include a gender perspective in order to recognise the different threats to, and protection concerns of, girls and boys.A military child protection focal point network shall be implemented at the operational and tactical levels to ensure that child protection concerns are considered at all stages of the planning process and in operational activities. The military component shall appoint a military child protection focal point at mission headquarters as well as child protection focal points within Battalion\/Company Headquarters.Child protection and child rights shall be included not only in military training but in standard operating procedures as well as in military guidance as appropriate. Force commanders and tactical level commanders, in consultation with mission child protection actors, shall issue specific guidance on child protection in the format of a Force Directive on Child Protection and tactical level SOPs. Specific SOPs and\/or protocols shall be developed on the handover to civilian child protection actors of children captured in operations, those who surrender to the peacekeeping force, or those released en masse. Specific gender-responsive guidelines shall also be developed for the battalion on child protection concerns for girls and boys, including detention, conduct during interaction with children, and prevention of all forms of exploitation against children, including child labour, sexual exploitation and abuse, and protection of civilians. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, military staff should always consider the impact on girls and boys and their protection, and always consult mission child protection advisers. All SOPs and guidelines shall include a gender perspective in order for practitioners to develop fully gender-responsive plans that meet the differing needs of girls and boys. For further guidance, refer to the UN\u2019s Military Specialised Training Materials on Child Protection.2", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":682, "Sentence":"The child protection mandates for missions can include: support to DDR processes, including the effective identification and demobilisation of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys; a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely, recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access; and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations..", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities child protection mandate mission include support ddr process including effective identification demobilisation child taking account specific concern girl boy requirement monitor report six grave violation child namely recruitment use child killing maiming sexual violence child abduction attack school hospital denial humanitarian access and\/or requirement mission work closely government armed group adopt implement measure protect child including action plan end prevent grave violation .." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"In missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the military component. The child protection mandates for missions can include: support to DDR processes, including the effective identification and demobilisation of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys; a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely, recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access; and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations.. The tasks of the military component, in close coordination with mission child protection advisors, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; gathering and sharing information through the military chain of command and child protection advisors on the Six Grave Violations; supporting the separation of children from armed forces and groups, including their handover to civilian child protection actors; and providing security for Child Protection Advisers or civil society actors when they visit the military barracks of armed forces\/armed groups. Child protection shall be integrated into all military work, including when UN civilian and military personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State armed forces in conflict affected countries.The military component shall ensure that gender-responsive child protection is understood by all members of the force and those persons working with military personnel through in-mission induction briefings and ongoing training on child protection. Child protection shall also be mainstreamed into daily operations and, in particular, into protection activities. Commanders, staff and associated personnel at all levels should ensure that threats to and from children and their vulnerabilities are identified, and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers, other protection partners and local communities. These plans should include a gender perspective in order to recognise the different threats to, and protection concerns of, girls and boys.A military child protection focal point network shall be implemented at the operational and tactical levels to ensure that child protection concerns are considered at all stages of the planning process and in operational activities. The military component shall appoint a military child protection focal point at mission headquarters as well as child protection focal points within Battalion\/Company Headquarters.Child protection and child rights shall be included not only in military training but in standard operating procedures as well as in military guidance as appropriate. Force commanders and tactical level commanders, in consultation with mission child protection actors, shall issue specific guidance on child protection in the format of a Force Directive on Child Protection and tactical level SOPs. Specific SOPs and\/or protocols shall be developed on the handover to civilian child protection actors of children captured in operations, those who surrender to the peacekeeping force, or those released en masse. Specific gender-responsive guidelines shall also be developed for the battalion on child protection concerns for girls and boys, including detention, conduct during interaction with children, and prevention of all forms of exploitation against children, including child labour, sexual exploitation and abuse, and protection of civilians. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, military staff should always consider the impact on girls and boys and their protection, and always consult mission child protection advisers. All SOPs and guidelines shall include a gender perspective in order for practitioners to develop fully gender-responsive plans that meet the differing needs of girls and boys. For further guidance, refer to the UN\u2019s Military Specialised Training Materials on Child Protection.2", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":682, "Sentence":"The tasks of the military component, in close coordination with mission child protection advisors, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; gathering and sharing information through the military chain of command and child protection advisors on the Six Grave Violations; supporting the separation of children from armed forces and groups, including their handover to civilian child protection actors; and providing security for Child Protection Advisers or civil society actors when they visit the military barracks of armed forces\/armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities task military component close coordination mission child protection advisor therefore include limited providing physical protection child gathering sharing information military chain command child protection advisor six grave violation supporting separation child armed force group including handover civilian child protection actor providing security child protection adviser civil society actor visit military barrack armed forces\/armed group ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"In missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the military component. The child protection mandates for missions can include: support to DDR processes, including the effective identification and demobilisation of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys; a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely, recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access; and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations.. The tasks of the military component, in close coordination with mission child protection advisors, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; gathering and sharing information through the military chain of command and child protection advisors on the Six Grave Violations; supporting the separation of children from armed forces and groups, including their handover to civilian child protection actors; and providing security for Child Protection Advisers or civil society actors when they visit the military barracks of armed forces\/armed groups. Child protection shall be integrated into all military work, including when UN civilian and military personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State armed forces in conflict affected countries.The military component shall ensure that gender-responsive child protection is understood by all members of the force and those persons working with military personnel through in-mission induction briefings and ongoing training on child protection. Child protection shall also be mainstreamed into daily operations and, in particular, into protection activities. Commanders, staff and associated personnel at all levels should ensure that threats to and from children and their vulnerabilities are identified, and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers, other protection partners and local communities. These plans should include a gender perspective in order to recognise the different threats to, and protection concerns of, girls and boys.A military child protection focal point network shall be implemented at the operational and tactical levels to ensure that child protection concerns are considered at all stages of the planning process and in operational activities. The military component shall appoint a military child protection focal point at mission headquarters as well as child protection focal points within Battalion\/Company Headquarters.Child protection and child rights shall be included not only in military training but in standard operating procedures as well as in military guidance as appropriate. Force commanders and tactical level commanders, in consultation with mission child protection actors, shall issue specific guidance on child protection in the format of a Force Directive on Child Protection and tactical level SOPs. Specific SOPs and\/or protocols shall be developed on the handover to civilian child protection actors of children captured in operations, those who surrender to the peacekeeping force, or those released en masse. Specific gender-responsive guidelines shall also be developed for the battalion on child protection concerns for girls and boys, including detention, conduct during interaction with children, and prevention of all forms of exploitation against children, including child labour, sexual exploitation and abuse, and protection of civilians. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, military staff should always consider the impact on girls and boys and their protection, and always consult mission child protection advisers. All SOPs and guidelines shall include a gender perspective in order for practitioners to develop fully gender-responsive plans that meet the differing needs of girls and boys. For further guidance, refer to the UN\u2019s Military Specialised Training Materials on Child Protection.2", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":682, "Sentence":"Child protection shall be integrated into all military work, including when UN civilian and military personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State armed forces in conflict affected countries.The military component shall ensure that gender-responsive child protection is understood by all members of the force and those persons working with military personnel through in-mission induction briefings and ongoing training on child protection.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities child protection shall integrated military work including un civilian military personnel undertake mentoring advisory activity build capacity state armed force conflict affected countries.the military component shall ensure genderresponsive child protection understood member force person working military personnel inmission induction briefing ongoing training child protection ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"In missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the military component. The child protection mandates for missions can include: support to DDR processes, including the effective identification and demobilisation of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys; a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely, recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access; and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations.. The tasks of the military component, in close coordination with mission child protection advisors, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; gathering and sharing information through the military chain of command and child protection advisors on the Six Grave Violations; supporting the separation of children from armed forces and groups, including their handover to civilian child protection actors; and providing security for Child Protection Advisers or civil society actors when they visit the military barracks of armed forces\/armed groups. Child protection shall be integrated into all military work, including when UN civilian and military personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State armed forces in conflict affected countries.The military component shall ensure that gender-responsive child protection is understood by all members of the force and those persons working with military personnel through in-mission induction briefings and ongoing training on child protection. Child protection shall also be mainstreamed into daily operations and, in particular, into protection activities. Commanders, staff and associated personnel at all levels should ensure that threats to and from children and their vulnerabilities are identified, and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers, other protection partners and local communities. These plans should include a gender perspective in order to recognise the different threats to, and protection concerns of, girls and boys.A military child protection focal point network shall be implemented at the operational and tactical levels to ensure that child protection concerns are considered at all stages of the planning process and in operational activities. The military component shall appoint a military child protection focal point at mission headquarters as well as child protection focal points within Battalion\/Company Headquarters.Child protection and child rights shall be included not only in military training but in standard operating procedures as well as in military guidance as appropriate. Force commanders and tactical level commanders, in consultation with mission child protection actors, shall issue specific guidance on child protection in the format of a Force Directive on Child Protection and tactical level SOPs. Specific SOPs and\/or protocols shall be developed on the handover to civilian child protection actors of children captured in operations, those who surrender to the peacekeeping force, or those released en masse. Specific gender-responsive guidelines shall also be developed for the battalion on child protection concerns for girls and boys, including detention, conduct during interaction with children, and prevention of all forms of exploitation against children, including child labour, sexual exploitation and abuse, and protection of civilians. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, military staff should always consider the impact on girls and boys and their protection, and always consult mission child protection advisers. All SOPs and guidelines shall include a gender perspective in order for practitioners to develop fully gender-responsive plans that meet the differing needs of girls and boys. For further guidance, refer to the UN\u2019s Military Specialised Training Materials on Child Protection.2", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":682, "Sentence":"Child protection shall also be mainstreamed into daily operations and, in particular, into protection activities.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities child protection shall also mainstreamed daily operation particular protection activity ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"In missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the military component. The child protection mandates for missions can include: support to DDR processes, including the effective identification and demobilisation of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys; a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely, recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access; and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations.. The tasks of the military component, in close coordination with mission child protection advisors, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; gathering and sharing information through the military chain of command and child protection advisors on the Six Grave Violations; supporting the separation of children from armed forces and groups, including their handover to civilian child protection actors; and providing security for Child Protection Advisers or civil society actors when they visit the military barracks of armed forces\/armed groups. Child protection shall be integrated into all military work, including when UN civilian and military personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State armed forces in conflict affected countries.The military component shall ensure that gender-responsive child protection is understood by all members of the force and those persons working with military personnel through in-mission induction briefings and ongoing training on child protection. Child protection shall also be mainstreamed into daily operations and, in particular, into protection activities. Commanders, staff and associated personnel at all levels should ensure that threats to and from children and their vulnerabilities are identified, and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers, other protection partners and local communities. These plans should include a gender perspective in order to recognise the different threats to, and protection concerns of, girls and boys.A military child protection focal point network shall be implemented at the operational and tactical levels to ensure that child protection concerns are considered at all stages of the planning process and in operational activities. The military component shall appoint a military child protection focal point at mission headquarters as well as child protection focal points within Battalion\/Company Headquarters.Child protection and child rights shall be included not only in military training but in standard operating procedures as well as in military guidance as appropriate. Force commanders and tactical level commanders, in consultation with mission child protection actors, shall issue specific guidance on child protection in the format of a Force Directive on Child Protection and tactical level SOPs. Specific SOPs and\/or protocols shall be developed on the handover to civilian child protection actors of children captured in operations, those who surrender to the peacekeeping force, or those released en masse. Specific gender-responsive guidelines shall also be developed for the battalion on child protection concerns for girls and boys, including detention, conduct during interaction with children, and prevention of all forms of exploitation against children, including child labour, sexual exploitation and abuse, and protection of civilians. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, military staff should always consider the impact on girls and boys and their protection, and always consult mission child protection advisers. All SOPs and guidelines shall include a gender perspective in order for practitioners to develop fully gender-responsive plans that meet the differing needs of girls and boys. For further guidance, refer to the UN\u2019s Military Specialised Training Materials on Child Protection.2", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":682, "Sentence":"Commanders, staff and associated personnel at all levels should ensure that threats to and from children and their vulnerabilities are identified, and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers, other protection partners and local communities.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities commander staff associated personnel level ensure threat child vulnerability identified plan order developed provide effective protection ground working concert mission child protection adviser protection partner local community ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"In missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the military component. The child protection mandates for missions can include: support to DDR processes, including the effective identification and demobilisation of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys; a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely, recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access; and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations.. The tasks of the military component, in close coordination with mission child protection advisors, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; gathering and sharing information through the military chain of command and child protection advisors on the Six Grave Violations; supporting the separation of children from armed forces and groups, including their handover to civilian child protection actors; and providing security for Child Protection Advisers or civil society actors when they visit the military barracks of armed forces\/armed groups. Child protection shall be integrated into all military work, including when UN civilian and military personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State armed forces in conflict affected countries.The military component shall ensure that gender-responsive child protection is understood by all members of the force and those persons working with military personnel through in-mission induction briefings and ongoing training on child protection. Child protection shall also be mainstreamed into daily operations and, in particular, into protection activities. Commanders, staff and associated personnel at all levels should ensure that threats to and from children and their vulnerabilities are identified, and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers, other protection partners and local communities. These plans should include a gender perspective in order to recognise the different threats to, and protection concerns of, girls and boys.A military child protection focal point network shall be implemented at the operational and tactical levels to ensure that child protection concerns are considered at all stages of the planning process and in operational activities. The military component shall appoint a military child protection focal point at mission headquarters as well as child protection focal points within Battalion\/Company Headquarters.Child protection and child rights shall be included not only in military training but in standard operating procedures as well as in military guidance as appropriate. Force commanders and tactical level commanders, in consultation with mission child protection actors, shall issue specific guidance on child protection in the format of a Force Directive on Child Protection and tactical level SOPs. Specific SOPs and\/or protocols shall be developed on the handover to civilian child protection actors of children captured in operations, those who surrender to the peacekeeping force, or those released en masse. Specific gender-responsive guidelines shall also be developed for the battalion on child protection concerns for girls and boys, including detention, conduct during interaction with children, and prevention of all forms of exploitation against children, including child labour, sexual exploitation and abuse, and protection of civilians. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, military staff should always consider the impact on girls and boys and their protection, and always consult mission child protection advisers. All SOPs and guidelines shall include a gender perspective in order for practitioners to develop fully gender-responsive plans that meet the differing needs of girls and boys. For further guidance, refer to the UN\u2019s Military Specialised Training Materials on Child Protection.2", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":682, "Sentence":"These plans should include a gender perspective in order to recognise the different threats to, and protection concerns of, girls and boys.A military child protection focal point network shall be implemented at the operational and tactical levels to ensure that child protection concerns are considered at all stages of the planning process and in operational activities.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities plan include gender perspective order recognise different threat protection concern girl boys.a military child protection focal point network shall implemented operational tactical level ensure child protection concern considered stage planning process operational activity ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"In missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the military component. The child protection mandates for missions can include: support to DDR processes, including the effective identification and demobilisation of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys; a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely, recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access; and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations.. The tasks of the military component, in close coordination with mission child protection advisors, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; gathering and sharing information through the military chain of command and child protection advisors on the Six Grave Violations; supporting the separation of children from armed forces and groups, including their handover to civilian child protection actors; and providing security for Child Protection Advisers or civil society actors when they visit the military barracks of armed forces\/armed groups. Child protection shall be integrated into all military work, including when UN civilian and military personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State armed forces in conflict affected countries.The military component shall ensure that gender-responsive child protection is understood by all members of the force and those persons working with military personnel through in-mission induction briefings and ongoing training on child protection. Child protection shall also be mainstreamed into daily operations and, in particular, into protection activities. Commanders, staff and associated personnel at all levels should ensure that threats to and from children and their vulnerabilities are identified, and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers, other protection partners and local communities. These plans should include a gender perspective in order to recognise the different threats to, and protection concerns of, girls and boys.A military child protection focal point network shall be implemented at the operational and tactical levels to ensure that child protection concerns are considered at all stages of the planning process and in operational activities. The military component shall appoint a military child protection focal point at mission headquarters as well as child protection focal points within Battalion\/Company Headquarters.Child protection and child rights shall be included not only in military training but in standard operating procedures as well as in military guidance as appropriate. Force commanders and tactical level commanders, in consultation with mission child protection actors, shall issue specific guidance on child protection in the format of a Force Directive on Child Protection and tactical level SOPs. Specific SOPs and\/or protocols shall be developed on the handover to civilian child protection actors of children captured in operations, those who surrender to the peacekeeping force, or those released en masse. Specific gender-responsive guidelines shall also be developed for the battalion on child protection concerns for girls and boys, including detention, conduct during interaction with children, and prevention of all forms of exploitation against children, including child labour, sexual exploitation and abuse, and protection of civilians. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, military staff should always consider the impact on girls and boys and their protection, and always consult mission child protection advisers. All SOPs and guidelines shall include a gender perspective in order for practitioners to develop fully gender-responsive plans that meet the differing needs of girls and boys. For further guidance, refer to the UN\u2019s Military Specialised Training Materials on Child Protection.2", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":682, "Sentence":"The military component shall appoint a military child protection focal point at mission headquarters as well as child protection focal points within Battalion\/Company Headquarters.Child protection and child rights shall be included not only in military training but in standard operating procedures as well as in military guidance as appropriate.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military component shall appoint military child protection focal point mission headquarters well child protection focal point within battalion\/company headquarters.child protection child right shall included military training standard operating procedure well military guidance appropriate ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"In missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the military component. The child protection mandates for missions can include: support to DDR processes, including the effective identification and demobilisation of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys; a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely, recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access; and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations.. The tasks of the military component, in close coordination with mission child protection advisors, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; gathering and sharing information through the military chain of command and child protection advisors on the Six Grave Violations; supporting the separation of children from armed forces and groups, including their handover to civilian child protection actors; and providing security for Child Protection Advisers or civil society actors when they visit the military barracks of armed forces\/armed groups. Child protection shall be integrated into all military work, including when UN civilian and military personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State armed forces in conflict affected countries.The military component shall ensure that gender-responsive child protection is understood by all members of the force and those persons working with military personnel through in-mission induction briefings and ongoing training on child protection. Child protection shall also be mainstreamed into daily operations and, in particular, into protection activities. Commanders, staff and associated personnel at all levels should ensure that threats to and from children and their vulnerabilities are identified, and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers, other protection partners and local communities. These plans should include a gender perspective in order to recognise the different threats to, and protection concerns of, girls and boys.A military child protection focal point network shall be implemented at the operational and tactical levels to ensure that child protection concerns are considered at all stages of the planning process and in operational activities. The military component shall appoint a military child protection focal point at mission headquarters as well as child protection focal points within Battalion\/Company Headquarters.Child protection and child rights shall be included not only in military training but in standard operating procedures as well as in military guidance as appropriate. Force commanders and tactical level commanders, in consultation with mission child protection actors, shall issue specific guidance on child protection in the format of a Force Directive on Child Protection and tactical level SOPs. Specific SOPs and\/or protocols shall be developed on the handover to civilian child protection actors of children captured in operations, those who surrender to the peacekeeping force, or those released en masse. Specific gender-responsive guidelines shall also be developed for the battalion on child protection concerns for girls and boys, including detention, conduct during interaction with children, and prevention of all forms of exploitation against children, including child labour, sexual exploitation and abuse, and protection of civilians. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, military staff should always consider the impact on girls and boys and their protection, and always consult mission child protection advisers. All SOPs and guidelines shall include a gender perspective in order for practitioners to develop fully gender-responsive plans that meet the differing needs of girls and boys. For further guidance, refer to the UN\u2019s Military Specialised Training Materials on Child Protection.2", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":682, "Sentence":"Force commanders and tactical level commanders, in consultation with mission child protection actors, shall issue specific guidance on child protection in the format of a Force Directive on Child Protection and tactical level SOPs.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities force commander tactical level commander consultation mission child protection actor shall issue specific guidance child protection format force directive child protection tactical level sop ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"In missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the military component. The child protection mandates for missions can include: support to DDR processes, including the effective identification and demobilisation of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys; a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely, recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access; and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations.. The tasks of the military component, in close coordination with mission child protection advisors, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; gathering and sharing information through the military chain of command and child protection advisors on the Six Grave Violations; supporting the separation of children from armed forces and groups, including their handover to civilian child protection actors; and providing security for Child Protection Advisers or civil society actors when they visit the military barracks of armed forces\/armed groups. Child protection shall be integrated into all military work, including when UN civilian and military personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State armed forces in conflict affected countries.The military component shall ensure that gender-responsive child protection is understood by all members of the force and those persons working with military personnel through in-mission induction briefings and ongoing training on child protection. Child protection shall also be mainstreamed into daily operations and, in particular, into protection activities. Commanders, staff and associated personnel at all levels should ensure that threats to and from children and their vulnerabilities are identified, and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers, other protection partners and local communities. These plans should include a gender perspective in order to recognise the different threats to, and protection concerns of, girls and boys.A military child protection focal point network shall be implemented at the operational and tactical levels to ensure that child protection concerns are considered at all stages of the planning process and in operational activities. The military component shall appoint a military child protection focal point at mission headquarters as well as child protection focal points within Battalion\/Company Headquarters.Child protection and child rights shall be included not only in military training but in standard operating procedures as well as in military guidance as appropriate. Force commanders and tactical level commanders, in consultation with mission child protection actors, shall issue specific guidance on child protection in the format of a Force Directive on Child Protection and tactical level SOPs. Specific SOPs and\/or protocols shall be developed on the handover to civilian child protection actors of children captured in operations, those who surrender to the peacekeeping force, or those released en masse. Specific gender-responsive guidelines shall also be developed for the battalion on child protection concerns for girls and boys, including detention, conduct during interaction with children, and prevention of all forms of exploitation against children, including child labour, sexual exploitation and abuse, and protection of civilians. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, military staff should always consider the impact on girls and boys and their protection, and always consult mission child protection advisers. All SOPs and guidelines shall include a gender perspective in order for practitioners to develop fully gender-responsive plans that meet the differing needs of girls and boys. For further guidance, refer to the UN\u2019s Military Specialised Training Materials on Child Protection.2", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":682, "Sentence":"Specific SOPs and\/or protocols shall be developed on the handover to civilian child protection actors of children captured in operations, those who surrender to the peacekeeping force, or those released en masse.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities specific sop and\/or protocol shall developed handover civilian child protection actor child captured operation surrender peacekeeping force released en masse ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"In missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the military component. The child protection mandates for missions can include: support to DDR processes, including the effective identification and demobilisation of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys; a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely, recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access; and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations.. The tasks of the military component, in close coordination with mission child protection advisors, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; gathering and sharing information through the military chain of command and child protection advisors on the Six Grave Violations; supporting the separation of children from armed forces and groups, including their handover to civilian child protection actors; and providing security for Child Protection Advisers or civil society actors when they visit the military barracks of armed forces\/armed groups. Child protection shall be integrated into all military work, including when UN civilian and military personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State armed forces in conflict affected countries.The military component shall ensure that gender-responsive child protection is understood by all members of the force and those persons working with military personnel through in-mission induction briefings and ongoing training on child protection. Child protection shall also be mainstreamed into daily operations and, in particular, into protection activities. Commanders, staff and associated personnel at all levels should ensure that threats to and from children and their vulnerabilities are identified, and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers, other protection partners and local communities. These plans should include a gender perspective in order to recognise the different threats to, and protection concerns of, girls and boys.A military child protection focal point network shall be implemented at the operational and tactical levels to ensure that child protection concerns are considered at all stages of the planning process and in operational activities. The military component shall appoint a military child protection focal point at mission headquarters as well as child protection focal points within Battalion\/Company Headquarters.Child protection and child rights shall be included not only in military training but in standard operating procedures as well as in military guidance as appropriate. Force commanders and tactical level commanders, in consultation with mission child protection actors, shall issue specific guidance on child protection in the format of a Force Directive on Child Protection and tactical level SOPs. Specific SOPs and\/or protocols shall be developed on the handover to civilian child protection actors of children captured in operations, those who surrender to the peacekeeping force, or those released en masse. Specific gender-responsive guidelines shall also be developed for the battalion on child protection concerns for girls and boys, including detention, conduct during interaction with children, and prevention of all forms of exploitation against children, including child labour, sexual exploitation and abuse, and protection of civilians. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, military staff should always consider the impact on girls and boys and their protection, and always consult mission child protection advisers. All SOPs and guidelines shall include a gender perspective in order for practitioners to develop fully gender-responsive plans that meet the differing needs of girls and boys. For further guidance, refer to the UN\u2019s Military Specialised Training Materials on Child Protection.2", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":682, "Sentence":"Specific gender-responsive guidelines shall also be developed for the battalion on child protection concerns for girls and boys, including detention, conduct during interaction with children, and prevention of all forms of exploitation against children, including child labour, sexual exploitation and abuse, and protection of civilians.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities specific genderresponsive guideline shall also developed battalion child protection concern girl boy including detention conduct interaction child prevention form exploitation child including child labour sexual exploitation abuse protection civilian ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"In missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the military component. The child protection mandates for missions can include: support to DDR processes, including the effective identification and demobilisation of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys; a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely, recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access; and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations.. The tasks of the military component, in close coordination with mission child protection advisors, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; gathering and sharing information through the military chain of command and child protection advisors on the Six Grave Violations; supporting the separation of children from armed forces and groups, including their handover to civilian child protection actors; and providing security for Child Protection Advisers or civil society actors when they visit the military barracks of armed forces\/armed groups. Child protection shall be integrated into all military work, including when UN civilian and military personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State armed forces in conflict affected countries.The military component shall ensure that gender-responsive child protection is understood by all members of the force and those persons working with military personnel through in-mission induction briefings and ongoing training on child protection. Child protection shall also be mainstreamed into daily operations and, in particular, into protection activities. Commanders, staff and associated personnel at all levels should ensure that threats to and from children and their vulnerabilities are identified, and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers, other protection partners and local communities. These plans should include a gender perspective in order to recognise the different threats to, and protection concerns of, girls and boys.A military child protection focal point network shall be implemented at the operational and tactical levels to ensure that child protection concerns are considered at all stages of the planning process and in operational activities. The military component shall appoint a military child protection focal point at mission headquarters as well as child protection focal points within Battalion\/Company Headquarters.Child protection and child rights shall be included not only in military training but in standard operating procedures as well as in military guidance as appropriate. Force commanders and tactical level commanders, in consultation with mission child protection actors, shall issue specific guidance on child protection in the format of a Force Directive on Child Protection and tactical level SOPs. Specific SOPs and\/or protocols shall be developed on the handover to civilian child protection actors of children captured in operations, those who surrender to the peacekeeping force, or those released en masse. Specific gender-responsive guidelines shall also be developed for the battalion on child protection concerns for girls and boys, including detention, conduct during interaction with children, and prevention of all forms of exploitation against children, including child labour, sexual exploitation and abuse, and protection of civilians. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, military staff should always consider the impact on girls and boys and their protection, and always consult mission child protection advisers. All SOPs and guidelines shall include a gender perspective in order for practitioners to develop fully gender-responsive plans that meet the differing needs of girls and boys. For further guidance, refer to the UN\u2019s Military Specialised Training Materials on Child Protection.2", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":682, "Sentence":"Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, military staff should always consider the impact on girls and boys and their protection, and always consult mission child protection advisers.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities whenever order written activity planned military staff always consider impact girl boy protection always consult mission child protection adviser ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"In missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the military component. The child protection mandates for missions can include: support to DDR processes, including the effective identification and demobilisation of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys; a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely, recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access; and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations.. The tasks of the military component, in close coordination with mission child protection advisors, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; gathering and sharing information through the military chain of command and child protection advisors on the Six Grave Violations; supporting the separation of children from armed forces and groups, including their handover to civilian child protection actors; and providing security for Child Protection Advisers or civil society actors when they visit the military barracks of armed forces\/armed groups. Child protection shall be integrated into all military work, including when UN civilian and military personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State armed forces in conflict affected countries.The military component shall ensure that gender-responsive child protection is understood by all members of the force and those persons working with military personnel through in-mission induction briefings and ongoing training on child protection. Child protection shall also be mainstreamed into daily operations and, in particular, into protection activities. Commanders, staff and associated personnel at all levels should ensure that threats to and from children and their vulnerabilities are identified, and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers, other protection partners and local communities. These plans should include a gender perspective in order to recognise the different threats to, and protection concerns of, girls and boys.A military child protection focal point network shall be implemented at the operational and tactical levels to ensure that child protection concerns are considered at all stages of the planning process and in operational activities. The military component shall appoint a military child protection focal point at mission headquarters as well as child protection focal points within Battalion\/Company Headquarters.Child protection and child rights shall be included not only in military training but in standard operating procedures as well as in military guidance as appropriate. Force commanders and tactical level commanders, in consultation with mission child protection actors, shall issue specific guidance on child protection in the format of a Force Directive on Child Protection and tactical level SOPs. Specific SOPs and\/or protocols shall be developed on the handover to civilian child protection actors of children captured in operations, those who surrender to the peacekeeping force, or those released en masse. Specific gender-responsive guidelines shall also be developed for the battalion on child protection concerns for girls and boys, including detention, conduct during interaction with children, and prevention of all forms of exploitation against children, including child labour, sexual exploitation and abuse, and protection of civilians. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, military staff should always consider the impact on girls and boys and their protection, and always consult mission child protection advisers. All SOPs and guidelines shall include a gender perspective in order for practitioners to develop fully gender-responsive plans that meet the differing needs of girls and boys. For further guidance, refer to the UN\u2019s Military Specialised Training Materials on Child Protection.2", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":682, "Sentence":"All SOPs and guidelines shall include a gender perspective in order for practitioners to develop fully gender-responsive plans that meet the differing needs of girls and boys.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities sop guideline shall include gender perspective order practitioner develop fully genderresponsive plan meet differing need girl boy ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"In missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the military component. The child protection mandates for missions can include: support to DDR processes, including the effective identification and demobilisation of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys; a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely, recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access; and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations.. The tasks of the military component, in close coordination with mission child protection advisors, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; gathering and sharing information through the military chain of command and child protection advisors on the Six Grave Violations; supporting the separation of children from armed forces and groups, including their handover to civilian child protection actors; and providing security for Child Protection Advisers or civil society actors when they visit the military barracks of armed forces\/armed groups. Child protection shall be integrated into all military work, including when UN civilian and military personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State armed forces in conflict affected countries.The military component shall ensure that gender-responsive child protection is understood by all members of the force and those persons working with military personnel through in-mission induction briefings and ongoing training on child protection. Child protection shall also be mainstreamed into daily operations and, in particular, into protection activities. Commanders, staff and associated personnel at all levels should ensure that threats to and from children and their vulnerabilities are identified, and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers, other protection partners and local communities. These plans should include a gender perspective in order to recognise the different threats to, and protection concerns of, girls and boys.A military child protection focal point network shall be implemented at the operational and tactical levels to ensure that child protection concerns are considered at all stages of the planning process and in operational activities. The military component shall appoint a military child protection focal point at mission headquarters as well as child protection focal points within Battalion\/Company Headquarters.Child protection and child rights shall be included not only in military training but in standard operating procedures as well as in military guidance as appropriate. Force commanders and tactical level commanders, in consultation with mission child protection actors, shall issue specific guidance on child protection in the format of a Force Directive on Child Protection and tactical level SOPs. Specific SOPs and\/or protocols shall be developed on the handover to civilian child protection actors of children captured in operations, those who surrender to the peacekeeping force, or those released en masse. Specific gender-responsive guidelines shall also be developed for the battalion on child protection concerns for girls and boys, including detention, conduct during interaction with children, and prevention of all forms of exploitation against children, including child labour, sexual exploitation and abuse, and protection of civilians. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, military staff should always consider the impact on girls and boys and their protection, and always consult mission child protection advisers. All SOPs and guidelines shall include a gender perspective in order for practitioners to develop fully gender-responsive plans that meet the differing needs of girls and boys. For further guidance, refer to the UN\u2019s Military Specialised Training Materials on Child Protection.2", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":682, "Sentence":"For further guidance, refer to the UN\u2019s Military Specialised Training Materials on Child Protection.2", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities guidance refer un \u2019 military specialised training material child protection.2" }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"UN military personnel should be impartial. Furthermore, any form of support by United Nations military personnel or UN entities to non-UN security forces must be provided in full compliance with the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on United Nations Support to Non-UN Security Forces.3 This policy requires an assessment of the risk that recipients of UN support will commit grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law. If a level of risk is identified, mitigating measures shall be put in place. It is the responsibility of every UN entity providing support to undertake such a risk assessment. As defined in the HRDDP, \u201csupport\u201d encompasses a range of potential activities, from training, mentoring and advisory services to joint operations conducted by UN and non-UN security forces. Risk assessments shall be undertaken prior to the delivery of support to recipients.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":683, "Sentence":"UN military personnel should be impartial.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities un military personnel impartial ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"UN military personnel should be impartial. Furthermore, any form of support by United Nations military personnel or UN entities to non-UN security forces must be provided in full compliance with the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on United Nations Support to Non-UN Security Forces.3 This policy requires an assessment of the risk that recipients of UN support will commit grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law. If a level of risk is identified, mitigating measures shall be put in place. It is the responsibility of every UN entity providing support to undertake such a risk assessment. As defined in the HRDDP, \u201csupport\u201d encompasses a range of potential activities, from training, mentoring and advisory services to joint operations conducted by UN and non-UN security forces. Risk assessments shall be undertaken prior to the delivery of support to recipients.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":683, "Sentence":"Furthermore, any form of support by United Nations military personnel or UN entities to non-UN security forces must be provided in full compliance with the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on United Nations Support to Non-UN Security Forces.3 This policy requires an assessment of the risk that recipients of UN support will commit grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities furthermore form support united nation military personnel un entity nonun security force must provided full compliance un human right due diligence policy united nation support nonun security forces.3 policy requires assessment risk recipient un support commit grave violation international humanitarian human right refugee law ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"UN military personnel should be impartial. Furthermore, any form of support by United Nations military personnel or UN entities to non-UN security forces must be provided in full compliance with the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on United Nations Support to Non-UN Security Forces.3 This policy requires an assessment of the risk that recipients of UN support will commit grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law. If a level of risk is identified, mitigating measures shall be put in place. It is the responsibility of every UN entity providing support to undertake such a risk assessment. As defined in the HRDDP, \u201csupport\u201d encompasses a range of potential activities, from training, mentoring and advisory services to joint operations conducted by UN and non-UN security forces. Risk assessments shall be undertaken prior to the delivery of support to recipients.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":683, "Sentence":"If a level of risk is identified, mitigating measures shall be put in place.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities level risk identified mitigating measure shall put place ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"UN military personnel should be impartial. Furthermore, any form of support by United Nations military personnel or UN entities to non-UN security forces must be provided in full compliance with the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on United Nations Support to Non-UN Security Forces.3 This policy requires an assessment of the risk that recipients of UN support will commit grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law. If a level of risk is identified, mitigating measures shall be put in place. It is the responsibility of every UN entity providing support to undertake such a risk assessment. As defined in the HRDDP, \u201csupport\u201d encompasses a range of potential activities, from training, mentoring and advisory services to joint operations conducted by UN and non-UN security forces. Risk assessments shall be undertaken prior to the delivery of support to recipients.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":683, "Sentence":"It is the responsibility of every UN entity providing support to undertake such a risk assessment.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities responsibility every un entity providing support undertake risk assessment ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"UN military personnel should be impartial. Furthermore, any form of support by United Nations military personnel or UN entities to non-UN security forces must be provided in full compliance with the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on United Nations Support to Non-UN Security Forces.3 This policy requires an assessment of the risk that recipients of UN support will commit grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law. If a level of risk is identified, mitigating measures shall be put in place. It is the responsibility of every UN entity providing support to undertake such a risk assessment. As defined in the HRDDP, \u201csupport\u201d encompasses a range of potential activities, from training, mentoring and advisory services to joint operations conducted by UN and non-UN security forces. Risk assessments shall be undertaken prior to the delivery of support to recipients.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":683, "Sentence":"As defined in the HRDDP, \u201csupport\u201d encompasses a range of potential activities, from training, mentoring and advisory services to joint operations conducted by UN and non-UN security forces.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities defined hrddp \u201c support \u201d encompasses range potential activity training mentoring advisory service joint operation conducted un nonun security force ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"UN military personnel should be impartial. Furthermore, any form of support by United Nations military personnel or UN entities to non-UN security forces must be provided in full compliance with the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on United Nations Support to Non-UN Security Forces.3 This policy requires an assessment of the risk that recipients of UN support will commit grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law. If a level of risk is identified, mitigating measures shall be put in place. It is the responsibility of every UN entity providing support to undertake such a risk assessment. As defined in the HRDDP, \u201csupport\u201d encompasses a range of potential activities, from training, mentoring and advisory services to joint operations conducted by UN and non-UN security forces. Risk assessments shall be undertaken prior to the delivery of support to recipients.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":683, "Sentence":"Risk assessments shall be undertaken prior to the delivery of support to recipients.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities risk assessment shall undertaken prior delivery support recipient ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Since the adoption in 2000 of Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security, there have been numerous resolutions and calls for more women in peacekeeping. Under the 2018 Action for Peace (A4P) initiative, Member States commit themselves to ensure the full, equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of the peace process by systematically integrating a gender perspective into all stages of analysis, planning, implementation and reporting. They further commit to increase the number of civilian and uniformed women in peacekeeping at all levels and in key positions. The Uniformed Gender Parity Strategy 2018\u20142028 calls for 15 % female representation in the contingent unit and 25% in individual positions.The meaningful participation of women as peacekeepers, MILOBs, and staff officers has a number of benefits to the DDR process. Female military personnel can access populations and venues that are closed to men. They can search women when necessary and can help to make peacekeeping forces more approachable to local communities, particularly to women and girls who may have suffered acts of sexual violence. Lastly, female military personnel are role models in the communities in which they serve and in their respective countries. For these reasons, the planning phase of any operation must include a gender perspective, and the gender composition of incoming forces should reflect the community it is mandated to protect.UNSCR 1325 stipulates that all peacekeeping personnel shall receive training on \u201cthe protection, rights and the particular needs of women, as well as on the importance of involving women in all peacekeeping and peacebuilding measures\u201d. All incoming forces shall also receive training on gender and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, particularly the UN\u2019s Zero Tolerance Policy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":684, "Sentence":"Since the adoption in 2000 of Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security, there have been numerous resolutions and calls for more women in peacekeeping.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities since adoption 2000 security council resolution 1325 woman peace security numerous resolution call woman peacekeeping ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Since the adoption in 2000 of Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security, there have been numerous resolutions and calls for more women in peacekeeping. Under the 2018 Action for Peace (A4P) initiative, Member States commit themselves to ensure the full, equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of the peace process by systematically integrating a gender perspective into all stages of analysis, planning, implementation and reporting. They further commit to increase the number of civilian and uniformed women in peacekeeping at all levels and in key positions. The Uniformed Gender Parity Strategy 2018\u20142028 calls for 15 % female representation in the contingent unit and 25% in individual positions.The meaningful participation of women as peacekeepers, MILOBs, and staff officers has a number of benefits to the DDR process. Female military personnel can access populations and venues that are closed to men. They can search women when necessary and can help to make peacekeeping forces more approachable to local communities, particularly to women and girls who may have suffered acts of sexual violence. Lastly, female military personnel are role models in the communities in which they serve and in their respective countries. For these reasons, the planning phase of any operation must include a gender perspective, and the gender composition of incoming forces should reflect the community it is mandated to protect.UNSCR 1325 stipulates that all peacekeeping personnel shall receive training on \u201cthe protection, rights and the particular needs of women, as well as on the importance of involving women in all peacekeeping and peacebuilding measures\u201d. All incoming forces shall also receive training on gender and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, particularly the UN\u2019s Zero Tolerance Policy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":684, "Sentence":"Under the 2018 Action for Peace (A4P) initiative, Member States commit themselves to ensure the full, equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of the peace process by systematically integrating a gender perspective into all stages of analysis, planning, implementation and reporting.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities 2018 action peace a4p initiative member state commit ensure full equal meaningful participation woman stage peace process systematically integrating gender perspective stage analysis planning implementation reporting ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Since the adoption in 2000 of Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security, there have been numerous resolutions and calls for more women in peacekeeping. Under the 2018 Action for Peace (A4P) initiative, Member States commit themselves to ensure the full, equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of the peace process by systematically integrating a gender perspective into all stages of analysis, planning, implementation and reporting. They further commit to increase the number of civilian and uniformed women in peacekeeping at all levels and in key positions. The Uniformed Gender Parity Strategy 2018\u20142028 calls for 15 % female representation in the contingent unit and 25% in individual positions.The meaningful participation of women as peacekeepers, MILOBs, and staff officers has a number of benefits to the DDR process. Female military personnel can access populations and venues that are closed to men. They can search women when necessary and can help to make peacekeeping forces more approachable to local communities, particularly to women and girls who may have suffered acts of sexual violence. Lastly, female military personnel are role models in the communities in which they serve and in their respective countries. For these reasons, the planning phase of any operation must include a gender perspective, and the gender composition of incoming forces should reflect the community it is mandated to protect.UNSCR 1325 stipulates that all peacekeeping personnel shall receive training on \u201cthe protection, rights and the particular needs of women, as well as on the importance of involving women in all peacekeeping and peacebuilding measures\u201d. All incoming forces shall also receive training on gender and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, particularly the UN\u2019s Zero Tolerance Policy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":684, "Sentence":"They further commit to increase the number of civilian and uniformed women in peacekeeping at all levels and in key positions.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities commit increase number civilian uniformed woman peacekeeping level key position ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Since the adoption in 2000 of Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security, there have been numerous resolutions and calls for more women in peacekeeping. Under the 2018 Action for Peace (A4P) initiative, Member States commit themselves to ensure the full, equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of the peace process by systematically integrating a gender perspective into all stages of analysis, planning, implementation and reporting. They further commit to increase the number of civilian and uniformed women in peacekeeping at all levels and in key positions. The Uniformed Gender Parity Strategy 2018\u20142028 calls for 15 % female representation in the contingent unit and 25% in individual positions.The meaningful participation of women as peacekeepers, MILOBs, and staff officers has a number of benefits to the DDR process. Female military personnel can access populations and venues that are closed to men. They can search women when necessary and can help to make peacekeeping forces more approachable to local communities, particularly to women and girls who may have suffered acts of sexual violence. Lastly, female military personnel are role models in the communities in which they serve and in their respective countries. For these reasons, the planning phase of any operation must include a gender perspective, and the gender composition of incoming forces should reflect the community it is mandated to protect.UNSCR 1325 stipulates that all peacekeeping personnel shall receive training on \u201cthe protection, rights and the particular needs of women, as well as on the importance of involving women in all peacekeeping and peacebuilding measures\u201d. All incoming forces shall also receive training on gender and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, particularly the UN\u2019s Zero Tolerance Policy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":684, "Sentence":"The Uniformed Gender Parity Strategy 2018\u20142028 calls for 15 % female representation in the contingent unit and 25% in individual positions.The meaningful participation of women as peacekeepers, MILOBs, and staff officers has a number of benefits to the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities uniformed gender parity strategy 2018\u20142028 call 15 female representation contingent unit 25 individual positions.the meaningful participation woman peacekeeper milobs staff officer number benefit ddr process ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Since the adoption in 2000 of Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security, there have been numerous resolutions and calls for more women in peacekeeping. Under the 2018 Action for Peace (A4P) initiative, Member States commit themselves to ensure the full, equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of the peace process by systematically integrating a gender perspective into all stages of analysis, planning, implementation and reporting. They further commit to increase the number of civilian and uniformed women in peacekeeping at all levels and in key positions. The Uniformed Gender Parity Strategy 2018\u20142028 calls for 15 % female representation in the contingent unit and 25% in individual positions.The meaningful participation of women as peacekeepers, MILOBs, and staff officers has a number of benefits to the DDR process. Female military personnel can access populations and venues that are closed to men. They can search women when necessary and can help to make peacekeeping forces more approachable to local communities, particularly to women and girls who may have suffered acts of sexual violence. Lastly, female military personnel are role models in the communities in which they serve and in their respective countries. For these reasons, the planning phase of any operation must include a gender perspective, and the gender composition of incoming forces should reflect the community it is mandated to protect.UNSCR 1325 stipulates that all peacekeeping personnel shall receive training on \u201cthe protection, rights and the particular needs of women, as well as on the importance of involving women in all peacekeeping and peacebuilding measures\u201d. All incoming forces shall also receive training on gender and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, particularly the UN\u2019s Zero Tolerance Policy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":684, "Sentence":"Female military personnel can access populations and venues that are closed to men.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities female military personnel access population venue closed men ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Since the adoption in 2000 of Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security, there have been numerous resolutions and calls for more women in peacekeeping. Under the 2018 Action for Peace (A4P) initiative, Member States commit themselves to ensure the full, equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of the peace process by systematically integrating a gender perspective into all stages of analysis, planning, implementation and reporting. They further commit to increase the number of civilian and uniformed women in peacekeeping at all levels and in key positions. The Uniformed Gender Parity Strategy 2018\u20142028 calls for 15 % female representation in the contingent unit and 25% in individual positions.The meaningful participation of women as peacekeepers, MILOBs, and staff officers has a number of benefits to the DDR process. Female military personnel can access populations and venues that are closed to men. They can search women when necessary and can help to make peacekeeping forces more approachable to local communities, particularly to women and girls who may have suffered acts of sexual violence. Lastly, female military personnel are role models in the communities in which they serve and in their respective countries. For these reasons, the planning phase of any operation must include a gender perspective, and the gender composition of incoming forces should reflect the community it is mandated to protect.UNSCR 1325 stipulates that all peacekeeping personnel shall receive training on \u201cthe protection, rights and the particular needs of women, as well as on the importance of involving women in all peacekeeping and peacebuilding measures\u201d. All incoming forces shall also receive training on gender and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, particularly the UN\u2019s Zero Tolerance Policy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":684, "Sentence":"They can search women when necessary and can help to make peacekeeping forces more approachable to local communities, particularly to women and girls who may have suffered acts of sexual violence.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities search woman necessary help make peacekeeping force approachable local community particularly woman girl may suffered act sexual violence ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Since the adoption in 2000 of Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security, there have been numerous resolutions and calls for more women in peacekeeping. Under the 2018 Action for Peace (A4P) initiative, Member States commit themselves to ensure the full, equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of the peace process by systematically integrating a gender perspective into all stages of analysis, planning, implementation and reporting. They further commit to increase the number of civilian and uniformed women in peacekeeping at all levels and in key positions. The Uniformed Gender Parity Strategy 2018\u20142028 calls for 15 % female representation in the contingent unit and 25% in individual positions.The meaningful participation of women as peacekeepers, MILOBs, and staff officers has a number of benefits to the DDR process. Female military personnel can access populations and venues that are closed to men. They can search women when necessary and can help to make peacekeeping forces more approachable to local communities, particularly to women and girls who may have suffered acts of sexual violence. Lastly, female military personnel are role models in the communities in which they serve and in their respective countries. For these reasons, the planning phase of any operation must include a gender perspective, and the gender composition of incoming forces should reflect the community it is mandated to protect.UNSCR 1325 stipulates that all peacekeeping personnel shall receive training on \u201cthe protection, rights and the particular needs of women, as well as on the importance of involving women in all peacekeeping and peacebuilding measures\u201d. All incoming forces shall also receive training on gender and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, particularly the UN\u2019s Zero Tolerance Policy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":684, "Sentence":"Lastly, female military personnel are role models in the communities in which they serve and in their respective countries.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities lastly female military personnel role model community serve respective country ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Since the adoption in 2000 of Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security, there have been numerous resolutions and calls for more women in peacekeeping. Under the 2018 Action for Peace (A4P) initiative, Member States commit themselves to ensure the full, equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of the peace process by systematically integrating a gender perspective into all stages of analysis, planning, implementation and reporting. They further commit to increase the number of civilian and uniformed women in peacekeeping at all levels and in key positions. The Uniformed Gender Parity Strategy 2018\u20142028 calls for 15 % female representation in the contingent unit and 25% in individual positions.The meaningful participation of women as peacekeepers, MILOBs, and staff officers has a number of benefits to the DDR process. Female military personnel can access populations and venues that are closed to men. They can search women when necessary and can help to make peacekeeping forces more approachable to local communities, particularly to women and girls who may have suffered acts of sexual violence. Lastly, female military personnel are role models in the communities in which they serve and in their respective countries. For these reasons, the planning phase of any operation must include a gender perspective, and the gender composition of incoming forces should reflect the community it is mandated to protect.UNSCR 1325 stipulates that all peacekeeping personnel shall receive training on \u201cthe protection, rights and the particular needs of women, as well as on the importance of involving women in all peacekeeping and peacebuilding measures\u201d. All incoming forces shall also receive training on gender and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, particularly the UN\u2019s Zero Tolerance Policy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":684, "Sentence":"For these reasons, the planning phase of any operation must include a gender perspective, and the gender composition of incoming forces should reflect the community it is mandated to protect.UNSCR 1325 stipulates that all peacekeeping personnel shall receive training on \u201cthe protection, rights and the particular needs of women, as well as on the importance of involving women in all peacekeeping and peacebuilding measures\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities reason planning phase operation must include gender perspective gender composition incoming force reflect community mandated protect.unscr 1325 stipulates peacekeeping personnel shall receive training \u201c protection right particular need woman well importance involving woman peacekeeping peacebuilding measure \u201d ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Since the adoption in 2000 of Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security, there have been numerous resolutions and calls for more women in peacekeeping. Under the 2018 Action for Peace (A4P) initiative, Member States commit themselves to ensure the full, equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of the peace process by systematically integrating a gender perspective into all stages of analysis, planning, implementation and reporting. They further commit to increase the number of civilian and uniformed women in peacekeeping at all levels and in key positions. The Uniformed Gender Parity Strategy 2018\u20142028 calls for 15 % female representation in the contingent unit and 25% in individual positions.The meaningful participation of women as peacekeepers, MILOBs, and staff officers has a number of benefits to the DDR process. Female military personnel can access populations and venues that are closed to men. They can search women when necessary and can help to make peacekeeping forces more approachable to local communities, particularly to women and girls who may have suffered acts of sexual violence. Lastly, female military personnel are role models in the communities in which they serve and in their respective countries. For these reasons, the planning phase of any operation must include a gender perspective, and the gender composition of incoming forces should reflect the community it is mandated to protect.UNSCR 1325 stipulates that all peacekeeping personnel shall receive training on \u201cthe protection, rights and the particular needs of women, as well as on the importance of involving women in all peacekeeping and peacebuilding measures\u201d. All incoming forces shall also receive training on gender and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, particularly the UN\u2019s Zero Tolerance Policy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":684, "Sentence":"All incoming forces shall also receive training on gender and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, particularly the UN\u2019s Zero Tolerance Policy.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities incoming force shall also receive training gender sexual exploitation abuse particularly un \u2019 zero tolerance policy ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"There is no one-size-fits-all military policy and, as a result, there can be no standardized approach to determining military support to a particular DDR process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":685, "Sentence":"There is no one-size-fits-all military policy and, as a result, there can be no standardized approach to determining military support to a particular DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities onesizefitsall military policy result standardized approach determining military support particular ddr process ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.5.1 Safety and security ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component. However, all matters related to law and order shall be undertaken by the UN police component (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":686, "Sentence":"In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities mission context peacekeeping operation provision security around disarmament demobilization site typically undertaken military component ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.5.1 Safety and security ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component. However, all matters related to law and order shall be undertaken by the UN police component (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":686, "Sentence":"However, all matters related to law and order shall be undertaken by the UN police component (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities).", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities however matter related law order shall undertaken un police component see iddrs 4.50 un police role responsibility ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.5.2 Transition and exit strategies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The withdrawal of international peacekeeping forces shall be a carefully planned exercise, drawing on consultations with all relevant stakeholders, including concerned Governments and the humanitarian, development, peace and political arms of the UN system present in mission contexts. The pace of this withdrawal shall be based, among other factors, on the ability of State security institutions to take over the maintenance of security and public order, as well as of other actors to take over certain services previously provided by the peacekeeping force.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":687, "Sentence":"The withdrawal of international peacekeeping forces shall be a carefully planned exercise, drawing on consultations with all relevant stakeholders, including concerned Governments and the humanitarian, development, peace and political arms of the UN system present in mission contexts.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities withdrawal international peacekeeping force shall carefully planned exercise drawing consultation relevant stakeholder including concerned government humanitarian development peace political arm un system present mission context ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.5.2 Transition and exit strategies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The withdrawal of international peacekeeping forces shall be a carefully planned exercise, drawing on consultations with all relevant stakeholders, including concerned Governments and the humanitarian, development, peace and political arms of the UN system present in mission contexts. The pace of this withdrawal shall be based, among other factors, on the ability of State security institutions to take over the maintenance of security and public order, as well as of other actors to take over certain services previously provided by the peacekeeping force.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":687, "Sentence":"The pace of this withdrawal shall be based, among other factors, on the ability of State security institutions to take over the maintenance of security and public order, as well as of other actors to take over certain services previously provided by the peacekeeping force.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities pace withdrawal shall based among factor ability state security institution take maintenance security public order well actor take certain service previously provided peacekeeping force ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Most UN peacekeeping operations, particularly those with a DDR mandate, rely on contingent troops and MILOBS that are collectively referred to as the peacekeeping force. The primary function of the military component is to provide security and to observe and report on security-related issues. Military contingents vary in their capabilities, structures, policies and procedures. Each peacekeeping operation has a military component specifically designed to fulfil the mandate and operational requirement of the mission.Early and comprehensive DDR planning will ensure that appropriately trained and equipped units are available to support DDR. As military resources and assets for peace operations are limited, and often provided for multiple purposes, it is important to identify specific DDR tasks that are to be carried out by the military at an early stage in the mission-planning process. These tasks will be different from the generic tasks usually captured in Statement of Unit Requirements. If any specific DDR-related tasks are identified during the planning phase, they must be specified in the Statement of Unit Requirements of the concerned unit(s).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":688, "Sentence":"Most UN peacekeeping operations, particularly those with a DDR mandate, rely on contingent troops and MILOBS that are collectively referred to as the peacekeeping force.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities un peacekeeping operation particularly ddr mandate rely contingent troop milobs collectively referred peacekeeping force ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Most UN peacekeeping operations, particularly those with a DDR mandate, rely on contingent troops and MILOBS that are collectively referred to as the peacekeeping force. The primary function of the military component is to provide security and to observe and report on security-related issues. Military contingents vary in their capabilities, structures, policies and procedures. Each peacekeeping operation has a military component specifically designed to fulfil the mandate and operational requirement of the mission.Early and comprehensive DDR planning will ensure that appropriately trained and equipped units are available to support DDR. As military resources and assets for peace operations are limited, and often provided for multiple purposes, it is important to identify specific DDR tasks that are to be carried out by the military at an early stage in the mission-planning process. These tasks will be different from the generic tasks usually captured in Statement of Unit Requirements. If any specific DDR-related tasks are identified during the planning phase, they must be specified in the Statement of Unit Requirements of the concerned unit(s).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":688, "Sentence":"The primary function of the military component is to provide security and to observe and report on security-related issues.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities primary function military component provide security observe report securityrelated issue ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Most UN peacekeeping operations, particularly those with a DDR mandate, rely on contingent troops and MILOBS that are collectively referred to as the peacekeeping force. The primary function of the military component is to provide security and to observe and report on security-related issues. Military contingents vary in their capabilities, structures, policies and procedures. Each peacekeeping operation has a military component specifically designed to fulfil the mandate and operational requirement of the mission.Early and comprehensive DDR planning will ensure that appropriately trained and equipped units are available to support DDR. As military resources and assets for peace operations are limited, and often provided for multiple purposes, it is important to identify specific DDR tasks that are to be carried out by the military at an early stage in the mission-planning process. These tasks will be different from the generic tasks usually captured in Statement of Unit Requirements. If any specific DDR-related tasks are identified during the planning phase, they must be specified in the Statement of Unit Requirements of the concerned unit(s).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":688, "Sentence":"Military contingents vary in their capabilities, structures, policies and procedures.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military contingent vary capability structure policy procedure ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Most UN peacekeeping operations, particularly those with a DDR mandate, rely on contingent troops and MILOBS that are collectively referred to as the peacekeeping force. The primary function of the military component is to provide security and to observe and report on security-related issues. Military contingents vary in their capabilities, structures, policies and procedures. Each peacekeeping operation has a military component specifically designed to fulfil the mandate and operational requirement of the mission.Early and comprehensive DDR planning will ensure that appropriately trained and equipped units are available to support DDR. As military resources and assets for peace operations are limited, and often provided for multiple purposes, it is important to identify specific DDR tasks that are to be carried out by the military at an early stage in the mission-planning process. These tasks will be different from the generic tasks usually captured in Statement of Unit Requirements. If any specific DDR-related tasks are identified during the planning phase, they must be specified in the Statement of Unit Requirements of the concerned unit(s).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":688, "Sentence":"Each peacekeeping operation has a military component specifically designed to fulfil the mandate and operational requirement of the mission.Early and comprehensive DDR planning will ensure that appropriately trained and equipped units are available to support DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities peacekeeping operation military component specifically designed fulfil mandate operational requirement mission.early comprehensive ddr planning ensure appropriately trained equipped unit available support ddr ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Most UN peacekeeping operations, particularly those with a DDR mandate, rely on contingent troops and MILOBS that are collectively referred to as the peacekeeping force. The primary function of the military component is to provide security and to observe and report on security-related issues. Military contingents vary in their capabilities, structures, policies and procedures. Each peacekeeping operation has a military component specifically designed to fulfil the mandate and operational requirement of the mission.Early and comprehensive DDR planning will ensure that appropriately trained and equipped units are available to support DDR. As military resources and assets for peace operations are limited, and often provided for multiple purposes, it is important to identify specific DDR tasks that are to be carried out by the military at an early stage in the mission-planning process. These tasks will be different from the generic tasks usually captured in Statement of Unit Requirements. If any specific DDR-related tasks are identified during the planning phase, they must be specified in the Statement of Unit Requirements of the concerned unit(s).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":688, "Sentence":"As military resources and assets for peace operations are limited, and often provided for multiple purposes, it is important to identify specific DDR tasks that are to be carried out by the military at an early stage in the mission-planning process.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military resource asset peace operation limited often provided multiple purpose important identify specific ddr task carried military early stage missionplanning process ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Most UN peacekeeping operations, particularly those with a DDR mandate, rely on contingent troops and MILOBS that are collectively referred to as the peacekeeping force. The primary function of the military component is to provide security and to observe and report on security-related issues. Military contingents vary in their capabilities, structures, policies and procedures. Each peacekeeping operation has a military component specifically designed to fulfil the mandate and operational requirement of the mission.Early and comprehensive DDR planning will ensure that appropriately trained and equipped units are available to support DDR. As military resources and assets for peace operations are limited, and often provided for multiple purposes, it is important to identify specific DDR tasks that are to be carried out by the military at an early stage in the mission-planning process. These tasks will be different from the generic tasks usually captured in Statement of Unit Requirements. If any specific DDR-related tasks are identified during the planning phase, they must be specified in the Statement of Unit Requirements of the concerned unit(s).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":688, "Sentence":"These tasks will be different from the generic tasks usually captured in Statement of Unit Requirements.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities task different generic task usually captured statement unit requirement ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Most UN peacekeeping operations, particularly those with a DDR mandate, rely on contingent troops and MILOBS that are collectively referred to as the peacekeeping force. The primary function of the military component is to provide security and to observe and report on security-related issues. Military contingents vary in their capabilities, structures, policies and procedures. Each peacekeeping operation has a military component specifically designed to fulfil the mandate and operational requirement of the mission.Early and comprehensive DDR planning will ensure that appropriately trained and equipped units are available to support DDR. As military resources and assets for peace operations are limited, and often provided for multiple purposes, it is important to identify specific DDR tasks that are to be carried out by the military at an early stage in the mission-planning process. These tasks will be different from the generic tasks usually captured in Statement of Unit Requirements. If any specific DDR-related tasks are identified during the planning phase, they must be specified in the Statement of Unit Requirements of the concerned unit(s).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":688, "Sentence":"If any specific DDR-related tasks are identified during the planning phase, they must be specified in the Statement of Unit Requirements of the concerned unit(s).", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities specific ddrrelated task identified planning phase must specified statement unit requirement concerned unit ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Composition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The military component can be made up of: \\n Formed units or contingents: These can include motorized, mechanized and light infantry units, aviation units, engineering units, and various support units, some of which can provide logistics support, including specialists in explosives and weapons destruction. Normally the support element of the force, usually called the Enabler, is designed primarily for the needs of the overall mission. The chief of mission support controls the tasking of logistics support, aviation, engineering and mobile medical\/field hospital units. \\n Military observers: MILOBs are officers normally provided by Member States for 12 months who operate in small teams of between two and six. Where possible, MILOBs are incorporated into the force command structure. MILOBs typically operate unarmed. \\n Staff officers: Individual military officers serve in staff posts, both within the force headquarters and in various specialized positions where some are integrated with the civilian staff. Some staff officers are deployed on individual assignments, while others are part of broader military contingents. \\n\\n Table 1 below shows the various structures and ranks within a military component. It should be taken as a broad guide only, as each contingent may vary.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":689, "Sentence":"The military component can be made up of: \\n Formed units or contingents: These can include motorized, mechanized and light infantry units, aviation units, engineering units, and various support units, some of which can provide logistics support, including specialists in explosives and weapons destruction.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military component made n formed unit contingent include motorized mechanized light infantry unit aviation unit engineering unit various support unit provide logistics support including specialist explosive weapon destruction ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Composition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The military component can be made up of: \\n Formed units or contingents: These can include motorized, mechanized and light infantry units, aviation units, engineering units, and various support units, some of which can provide logistics support, including specialists in explosives and weapons destruction. Normally the support element of the force, usually called the Enabler, is designed primarily for the needs of the overall mission. The chief of mission support controls the tasking of logistics support, aviation, engineering and mobile medical\/field hospital units. \\n Military observers: MILOBs are officers normally provided by Member States for 12 months who operate in small teams of between two and six. Where possible, MILOBs are incorporated into the force command structure. MILOBs typically operate unarmed. \\n Staff officers: Individual military officers serve in staff posts, both within the force headquarters and in various specialized positions where some are integrated with the civilian staff. Some staff officers are deployed on individual assignments, while others are part of broader military contingents. \\n\\n Table 1 below shows the various structures and ranks within a military component. It should be taken as a broad guide only, as each contingent may vary.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":689, "Sentence":"Normally the support element of the force, usually called the Enabler, is designed primarily for the needs of the overall mission.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities normally support element force usually called enabler designed primarily need overall mission ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Composition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The military component can be made up of: \\n Formed units or contingents: These can include motorized, mechanized and light infantry units, aviation units, engineering units, and various support units, some of which can provide logistics support, including specialists in explosives and weapons destruction. Normally the support element of the force, usually called the Enabler, is designed primarily for the needs of the overall mission. The chief of mission support controls the tasking of logistics support, aviation, engineering and mobile medical\/field hospital units. \\n Military observers: MILOBs are officers normally provided by Member States for 12 months who operate in small teams of between two and six. Where possible, MILOBs are incorporated into the force command structure. MILOBs typically operate unarmed. \\n Staff officers: Individual military officers serve in staff posts, both within the force headquarters and in various specialized positions where some are integrated with the civilian staff. Some staff officers are deployed on individual assignments, while others are part of broader military contingents. \\n\\n Table 1 below shows the various structures and ranks within a military component. It should be taken as a broad guide only, as each contingent may vary.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":689, "Sentence":"The chief of mission support controls the tasking of logistics support, aviation, engineering and mobile medical\/field hospital units.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities chief mission support control tasking logistics support aviation engineering mobile medical\/field hospital unit ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Composition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The military component can be made up of: \\n Formed units or contingents: These can include motorized, mechanized and light infantry units, aviation units, engineering units, and various support units, some of which can provide logistics support, including specialists in explosives and weapons destruction. Normally the support element of the force, usually called the Enabler, is designed primarily for the needs of the overall mission. The chief of mission support controls the tasking of logistics support, aviation, engineering and mobile medical\/field hospital units. \\n Military observers: MILOBs are officers normally provided by Member States for 12 months who operate in small teams of between two and six. Where possible, MILOBs are incorporated into the force command structure. MILOBs typically operate unarmed. \\n Staff officers: Individual military officers serve in staff posts, both within the force headquarters and in various specialized positions where some are integrated with the civilian staff. Some staff officers are deployed on individual assignments, while others are part of broader military contingents. \\n\\n Table 1 below shows the various structures and ranks within a military component. It should be taken as a broad guide only, as each contingent may vary.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":689, "Sentence":"\\n Military observers: MILOBs are officers normally provided by Member States for 12 months who operate in small teams of between two and six.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities n military observer milobs officer normally provided member state 12 month operate small team two six ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Composition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The military component can be made up of: \\n Formed units or contingents: These can include motorized, mechanized and light infantry units, aviation units, engineering units, and various support units, some of which can provide logistics support, including specialists in explosives and weapons destruction. Normally the support element of the force, usually called the Enabler, is designed primarily for the needs of the overall mission. The chief of mission support controls the tasking of logistics support, aviation, engineering and mobile medical\/field hospital units. \\n Military observers: MILOBs are officers normally provided by Member States for 12 months who operate in small teams of between two and six. Where possible, MILOBs are incorporated into the force command structure. MILOBs typically operate unarmed. \\n Staff officers: Individual military officers serve in staff posts, both within the force headquarters and in various specialized positions where some are integrated with the civilian staff. Some staff officers are deployed on individual assignments, while others are part of broader military contingents. \\n\\n Table 1 below shows the various structures and ranks within a military component. It should be taken as a broad guide only, as each contingent may vary.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":689, "Sentence":"Where possible, MILOBs are incorporated into the force command structure.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities possible milobs incorporated force command structure ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Composition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The military component can be made up of: \\n Formed units or contingents: These can include motorized, mechanized and light infantry units, aviation units, engineering units, and various support units, some of which can provide logistics support, including specialists in explosives and weapons destruction. Normally the support element of the force, usually called the Enabler, is designed primarily for the needs of the overall mission. The chief of mission support controls the tasking of logistics support, aviation, engineering and mobile medical\/field hospital units. \\n Military observers: MILOBs are officers normally provided by Member States for 12 months who operate in small teams of between two and six. Where possible, MILOBs are incorporated into the force command structure. MILOBs typically operate unarmed. \\n Staff officers: Individual military officers serve in staff posts, both within the force headquarters and in various specialized positions where some are integrated with the civilian staff. Some staff officers are deployed on individual assignments, while others are part of broader military contingents. \\n\\n Table 1 below shows the various structures and ranks within a military component. It should be taken as a broad guide only, as each contingent may vary.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":689, "Sentence":"MILOBs typically operate unarmed.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities milobs typically operate unarmed ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Composition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The military component can be made up of: \\n Formed units or contingents: These can include motorized, mechanized and light infantry units, aviation units, engineering units, and various support units, some of which can provide logistics support, including specialists in explosives and weapons destruction. Normally the support element of the force, usually called the Enabler, is designed primarily for the needs of the overall mission. The chief of mission support controls the tasking of logistics support, aviation, engineering and mobile medical\/field hospital units. \\n Military observers: MILOBs are officers normally provided by Member States for 12 months who operate in small teams of between two and six. Where possible, MILOBs are incorporated into the force command structure. MILOBs typically operate unarmed. \\n Staff officers: Individual military officers serve in staff posts, both within the force headquarters and in various specialized positions where some are integrated with the civilian staff. Some staff officers are deployed on individual assignments, while others are part of broader military contingents. \\n\\n Table 1 below shows the various structures and ranks within a military component. It should be taken as a broad guide only, as each contingent may vary.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":689, "Sentence":"\\n Staff officers: Individual military officers serve in staff posts, both within the force headquarters and in various specialized positions where some are integrated with the civilian staff.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities n staff officer individual military officer serve staff post within force headquarters various specialized position integrated civilian staff ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Composition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The military component can be made up of: \\n Formed units or contingents: These can include motorized, mechanized and light infantry units, aviation units, engineering units, and various support units, some of which can provide logistics support, including specialists in explosives and weapons destruction. Normally the support element of the force, usually called the Enabler, is designed primarily for the needs of the overall mission. The chief of mission support controls the tasking of logistics support, aviation, engineering and mobile medical\/field hospital units. \\n Military observers: MILOBs are officers normally provided by Member States for 12 months who operate in small teams of between two and six. Where possible, MILOBs are incorporated into the force command structure. MILOBs typically operate unarmed. \\n Staff officers: Individual military officers serve in staff posts, both within the force headquarters and in various specialized positions where some are integrated with the civilian staff. Some staff officers are deployed on individual assignments, while others are part of broader military contingents. \\n\\n Table 1 below shows the various structures and ranks within a military component. It should be taken as a broad guide only, as each contingent may vary.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":689, "Sentence":"Some staff officers are deployed on individual assignments, while others are part of broader military contingents.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities staff officer deployed individual assignment others part broader military contingent ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Composition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The military component can be made up of: \\n Formed units or contingents: These can include motorized, mechanized and light infantry units, aviation units, engineering units, and various support units, some of which can provide logistics support, including specialists in explosives and weapons destruction. Normally the support element of the force, usually called the Enabler, is designed primarily for the needs of the overall mission. The chief of mission support controls the tasking of logistics support, aviation, engineering and mobile medical\/field hospital units. \\n Military observers: MILOBs are officers normally provided by Member States for 12 months who operate in small teams of between two and six. Where possible, MILOBs are incorporated into the force command structure. MILOBs typically operate unarmed. \\n Staff officers: Individual military officers serve in staff posts, both within the force headquarters and in various specialized positions where some are integrated with the civilian staff. Some staff officers are deployed on individual assignments, while others are part of broader military contingents. \\n\\n Table 1 below shows the various structures and ranks within a military component. It should be taken as a broad guide only, as each contingent may vary.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":689, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Table 1 below shows the various structures and ranks within a military component.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities nn table 1 show various structure rank within military component ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Composition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The military component can be made up of: \\n Formed units or contingents: These can include motorized, mechanized and light infantry units, aviation units, engineering units, and various support units, some of which can provide logistics support, including specialists in explosives and weapons destruction. Normally the support element of the force, usually called the Enabler, is designed primarily for the needs of the overall mission. The chief of mission support controls the tasking of logistics support, aviation, engineering and mobile medical\/field hospital units. \\n Military observers: MILOBs are officers normally provided by Member States for 12 months who operate in small teams of between two and six. Where possible, MILOBs are incorporated into the force command structure. MILOBs typically operate unarmed. \\n Staff officers: Individual military officers serve in staff posts, both within the force headquarters and in various specialized positions where some are integrated with the civilian staff. Some staff officers are deployed on individual assignments, while others are part of broader military contingents. \\n\\n Table 1 below shows the various structures and ranks within a military component. It should be taken as a broad guide only, as each contingent may vary.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":689, "Sentence":"It should be taken as a broad guide only, as each contingent may vary.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities taken broad guide contingent may vary ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.2 Command and control", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The peacekeeping force is commanded by a force commander. It is important to distinguish between operational military tasks in support of DDR processes, which are directed by the military chain of command in close coordination with the DDR component of the mission, and engagement in the DDR planning and policymaking process, which is often politically sensitive. Any military personnel involved in the latter, although remaining under military command and control, will operate under the overall guidance of the chief of the DDR component, senior mission leadership, and the Joint Operations Centre (JOC). For support and logistics tasks, the peacekeeping force will operate under the guidance of the Chief of Mission Support\/Director of Mission Support (CMS\/DMS).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":690, "Sentence":"The peacekeeping force is commanded by a force commander.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities peacekeeping force commanded force commander ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.2 Command and control", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The peacekeeping force is commanded by a force commander. It is important to distinguish between operational military tasks in support of DDR processes, which are directed by the military chain of command in close coordination with the DDR component of the mission, and engagement in the DDR planning and policymaking process, which is often politically sensitive. Any military personnel involved in the latter, although remaining under military command and control, will operate under the overall guidance of the chief of the DDR component, senior mission leadership, and the Joint Operations Centre (JOC). For support and logistics tasks, the peacekeeping force will operate under the guidance of the Chief of Mission Support\/Director of Mission Support (CMS\/DMS).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":690, "Sentence":"It is important to distinguish between operational military tasks in support of DDR processes, which are directed by the military chain of command in close coordination with the DDR component of the mission, and engagement in the DDR planning and policymaking process, which is often politically sensitive.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities important distinguish operational military task support ddr process directed military chain command close coordination ddr component mission engagement ddr planning policymaking process often politically sensitive ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.2 Command and control", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The peacekeeping force is commanded by a force commander. It is important to distinguish between operational military tasks in support of DDR processes, which are directed by the military chain of command in close coordination with the DDR component of the mission, and engagement in the DDR planning and policymaking process, which is often politically sensitive. Any military personnel involved in the latter, although remaining under military command and control, will operate under the overall guidance of the chief of the DDR component, senior mission leadership, and the Joint Operations Centre (JOC). For support and logistics tasks, the peacekeeping force will operate under the guidance of the Chief of Mission Support\/Director of Mission Support (CMS\/DMS).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":690, "Sentence":"Any military personnel involved in the latter, although remaining under military command and control, will operate under the overall guidance of the chief of the DDR component, senior mission leadership, and the Joint Operations Centre (JOC).", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military personnel involved latter although remaining military command control operate overall guidance chief ddr component senior mission leadership joint operation centre joc ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.2 Command and control", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The peacekeeping force is commanded by a force commander. It is important to distinguish between operational military tasks in support of DDR processes, which are directed by the military chain of command in close coordination with the DDR component of the mission, and engagement in the DDR planning and policymaking process, which is often politically sensitive. Any military personnel involved in the latter, although remaining under military command and control, will operate under the overall guidance of the chief of the DDR component, senior mission leadership, and the Joint Operations Centre (JOC). For support and logistics tasks, the peacekeeping force will operate under the guidance of the Chief of Mission Support\/Director of Mission Support (CMS\/DMS).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":690, "Sentence":"For support and logistics tasks, the peacekeeping force will operate under the guidance of the Chief of Mission Support\/Director of Mission Support (CMS\/DMS).", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities support logistics task peacekeeping force operate guidance chief mission support\/director mission support cms\/dms ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Specialized military capacities such as communications, aviation, engineering, medical and logistics support are often in short supply, and hence may be used only when uniquely able to fulfil the task at hand. Where civilian sources can meet an approved operational requirement and the military component of a mission is fully engaged with other tasks, civilian resources should be used. If mandated, resourced and appropriately equipped, the military should be able to contribute to DDR in the ways described below. Furthermore, if the mandate and the concept of operations specify military support to a DDR process, then this should be factored into the force structure when the concept of operations is drawn up.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":691, "Sentence":"Specialized military capacities such as communications, aviation, engineering, medical and logistics support are often in short supply, and hence may be used only when uniquely able to fulfil the task at hand.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities specialized military capacity communication aviation engineering medical logistics support often short supply hence may used uniquely able fulfil task hand ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Specialized military capacities such as communications, aviation, engineering, medical and logistics support are often in short supply, and hence may be used only when uniquely able to fulfil the task at hand. Where civilian sources can meet an approved operational requirement and the military component of a mission is fully engaged with other tasks, civilian resources should be used. If mandated, resourced and appropriately equipped, the military should be able to contribute to DDR in the ways described below. Furthermore, if the mandate and the concept of operations specify military support to a DDR process, then this should be factored into the force structure when the concept of operations is drawn up.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":691, "Sentence":"Where civilian sources can meet an approved operational requirement and the military component of a mission is fully engaged with other tasks, civilian resources should be used.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities civilian source meet approved operational requirement military component mission fully engaged task civilian resource used ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Specialized military capacities such as communications, aviation, engineering, medical and logistics support are often in short supply, and hence may be used only when uniquely able to fulfil the task at hand. Where civilian sources can meet an approved operational requirement and the military component of a mission is fully engaged with other tasks, civilian resources should be used. If mandated, resourced and appropriately equipped, the military should be able to contribute to DDR in the ways described below. Furthermore, if the mandate and the concept of operations specify military support to a DDR process, then this should be factored into the force structure when the concept of operations is drawn up.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":691, "Sentence":"If mandated, resourced and appropriately equipped, the military should be able to contribute to DDR in the ways described below.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities mandated resourced appropriately equipped military able contribute ddr way described ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Specialized military capacities such as communications, aviation, engineering, medical and logistics support are often in short supply, and hence may be used only when uniquely able to fulfil the task at hand. Where civilian sources can meet an approved operational requirement and the military component of a mission is fully engaged with other tasks, civilian resources should be used. If mandated, resourced and appropriately equipped, the military should be able to contribute to DDR in the ways described below. Furthermore, if the mandate and the concept of operations specify military support to a DDR process, then this should be factored into the force structure when the concept of operations is drawn up.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":691, "Sentence":"Furthermore, if the mandate and the concept of operations specify military support to a DDR process, then this should be factored into the force structure when the concept of operations is drawn up.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities furthermore mandate concept operation specify military support ddr process factored force structure concept operation drawn ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Security ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The primary contribution of the military component to a DDR process is to provide security for DDR staff, partners, infrastructure and beneficiaries. Security is essential to ensure former combatants\u2019 confidence in DDR, and to ensure the security of other elements of a mission and the civilian population.If tasked and resourced, a military component may contribute to the creation and maintenance of a stable, secure environment in which DDR can take place. This may include the provision of security to areas in which DDR programmes and DDR-related tools (including pre-DDR and community violence reduction) are being implemented. Military components may also provide security to DDR and child protection practitioners, and to those participating in DDR processes, including children and dependants. This may include the provision of security to routes that participants will use to enter DDR and\/or the provision of military escorts. Security is provided primarily by armed UN troops, but could be supplemented by the State\u2019s defence security forces and\/or any other security provider.Finally, military components may also secure the collection, transportation and storage of weapons and ammunition handed in as part of a DDR process. They may also monitor and report on security-related issues, including incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. Experience has shown that unarmed MILOBs do not provide security, although in some situations they can assist by contributing to early warning, wider information gathering and information distribution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":692, "Sentence":"The primary contribution of the military component to a DDR process is to provide security for DDR staff, partners, infrastructure and beneficiaries.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities primary contribution military component ddr process provide security ddr staff partner infrastructure beneficiary ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Security ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The primary contribution of the military component to a DDR process is to provide security for DDR staff, partners, infrastructure and beneficiaries. Security is essential to ensure former combatants\u2019 confidence in DDR, and to ensure the security of other elements of a mission and the civilian population.If tasked and resourced, a military component may contribute to the creation and maintenance of a stable, secure environment in which DDR can take place. This may include the provision of security to areas in which DDR programmes and DDR-related tools (including pre-DDR and community violence reduction) are being implemented. Military components may also provide security to DDR and child protection practitioners, and to those participating in DDR processes, including children and dependants. This may include the provision of security to routes that participants will use to enter DDR and\/or the provision of military escorts. Security is provided primarily by armed UN troops, but could be supplemented by the State\u2019s defence security forces and\/or any other security provider.Finally, military components may also secure the collection, transportation and storage of weapons and ammunition handed in as part of a DDR process. They may also monitor and report on security-related issues, including incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. Experience has shown that unarmed MILOBs do not provide security, although in some situations they can assist by contributing to early warning, wider information gathering and information distribution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":692, "Sentence":"Security is essential to ensure former combatants\u2019 confidence in DDR, and to ensure the security of other elements of a mission and the civilian population.If tasked and resourced, a military component may contribute to the creation and maintenance of a stable, secure environment in which DDR can take place.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities security essential ensure former combatant \u2019 confidence ddr ensure security element mission civilian population.if tasked resourced military component may contribute creation maintenance stable secure environment ddr take place ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Security ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The primary contribution of the military component to a DDR process is to provide security for DDR staff, partners, infrastructure and beneficiaries. Security is essential to ensure former combatants\u2019 confidence in DDR, and to ensure the security of other elements of a mission and the civilian population.If tasked and resourced, a military component may contribute to the creation and maintenance of a stable, secure environment in which DDR can take place. This may include the provision of security to areas in which DDR programmes and DDR-related tools (including pre-DDR and community violence reduction) are being implemented. Military components may also provide security to DDR and child protection practitioners, and to those participating in DDR processes, including children and dependants. This may include the provision of security to routes that participants will use to enter DDR and\/or the provision of military escorts. Security is provided primarily by armed UN troops, but could be supplemented by the State\u2019s defence security forces and\/or any other security provider.Finally, military components may also secure the collection, transportation and storage of weapons and ammunition handed in as part of a DDR process. They may also monitor and report on security-related issues, including incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. Experience has shown that unarmed MILOBs do not provide security, although in some situations they can assist by contributing to early warning, wider information gathering and information distribution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":692, "Sentence":"This may include the provision of security to areas in which DDR programmes and DDR-related tools (including pre-DDR and community violence reduction) are being implemented.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities may include provision security area ddr programme ddrrelated tool including preddr community violence reduction implemented ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Security ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The primary contribution of the military component to a DDR process is to provide security for DDR staff, partners, infrastructure and beneficiaries. Security is essential to ensure former combatants\u2019 confidence in DDR, and to ensure the security of other elements of a mission and the civilian population.If tasked and resourced, a military component may contribute to the creation and maintenance of a stable, secure environment in which DDR can take place. This may include the provision of security to areas in which DDR programmes and DDR-related tools (including pre-DDR and community violence reduction) are being implemented. Military components may also provide security to DDR and child protection practitioners, and to those participating in DDR processes, including children and dependants. This may include the provision of security to routes that participants will use to enter DDR and\/or the provision of military escorts. Security is provided primarily by armed UN troops, but could be supplemented by the State\u2019s defence security forces and\/or any other security provider.Finally, military components may also secure the collection, transportation and storage of weapons and ammunition handed in as part of a DDR process. They may also monitor and report on security-related issues, including incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. Experience has shown that unarmed MILOBs do not provide security, although in some situations they can assist by contributing to early warning, wider information gathering and information distribution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":692, "Sentence":"Military components may also provide security to DDR and child protection practitioners, and to those participating in DDR processes, including children and dependants.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military component may also provide security ddr child protection practitioner participating ddr process including child dependant ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Security ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The primary contribution of the military component to a DDR process is to provide security for DDR staff, partners, infrastructure and beneficiaries. Security is essential to ensure former combatants\u2019 confidence in DDR, and to ensure the security of other elements of a mission and the civilian population.If tasked and resourced, a military component may contribute to the creation and maintenance of a stable, secure environment in which DDR can take place. This may include the provision of security to areas in which DDR programmes and DDR-related tools (including pre-DDR and community violence reduction) are being implemented. Military components may also provide security to DDR and child protection practitioners, and to those participating in DDR processes, including children and dependants. This may include the provision of security to routes that participants will use to enter DDR and\/or the provision of military escorts. Security is provided primarily by armed UN troops, but could be supplemented by the State\u2019s defence security forces and\/or any other security provider.Finally, military components may also secure the collection, transportation and storage of weapons and ammunition handed in as part of a DDR process. They may also monitor and report on security-related issues, including incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. Experience has shown that unarmed MILOBs do not provide security, although in some situations they can assist by contributing to early warning, wider information gathering and information distribution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":692, "Sentence":"This may include the provision of security to routes that participants will use to enter DDR and\/or the provision of military escorts.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities may include provision security route participant use enter ddr and\/or provision military escort ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Security ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The primary contribution of the military component to a DDR process is to provide security for DDR staff, partners, infrastructure and beneficiaries. Security is essential to ensure former combatants\u2019 confidence in DDR, and to ensure the security of other elements of a mission and the civilian population.If tasked and resourced, a military component may contribute to the creation and maintenance of a stable, secure environment in which DDR can take place. This may include the provision of security to areas in which DDR programmes and DDR-related tools (including pre-DDR and community violence reduction) are being implemented. Military components may also provide security to DDR and child protection practitioners, and to those participating in DDR processes, including children and dependants. This may include the provision of security to routes that participants will use to enter DDR and\/or the provision of military escorts. Security is provided primarily by armed UN troops, but could be supplemented by the State\u2019s defence security forces and\/or any other security provider.Finally, military components may also secure the collection, transportation and storage of weapons and ammunition handed in as part of a DDR process. They may also monitor and report on security-related issues, including incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. Experience has shown that unarmed MILOBs do not provide security, although in some situations they can assist by contributing to early warning, wider information gathering and information distribution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":692, "Sentence":"Security is provided primarily by armed UN troops, but could be supplemented by the State\u2019s defence security forces and\/or any other security provider.Finally, military components may also secure the collection, transportation and storage of weapons and ammunition handed in as part of a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities security provided primarily armed un troop could supplemented state \u2019 defence security force and\/or security provider.finally military component may also secure collection transportation storage weapon ammunition handed part ddr process ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Security ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The primary contribution of the military component to a DDR process is to provide security for DDR staff, partners, infrastructure and beneficiaries. Security is essential to ensure former combatants\u2019 confidence in DDR, and to ensure the security of other elements of a mission and the civilian population.If tasked and resourced, a military component may contribute to the creation and maintenance of a stable, secure environment in which DDR can take place. This may include the provision of security to areas in which DDR programmes and DDR-related tools (including pre-DDR and community violence reduction) are being implemented. Military components may also provide security to DDR and child protection practitioners, and to those participating in DDR processes, including children and dependants. This may include the provision of security to routes that participants will use to enter DDR and\/or the provision of military escorts. Security is provided primarily by armed UN troops, but could be supplemented by the State\u2019s defence security forces and\/or any other security provider.Finally, military components may also secure the collection, transportation and storage of weapons and ammunition handed in as part of a DDR process. They may also monitor and report on security-related issues, including incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. Experience has shown that unarmed MILOBs do not provide security, although in some situations they can assist by contributing to early warning, wider information gathering and information distribution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":692, "Sentence":"They may also monitor and report on security-related issues, including incidents of sexual and gender-based violence.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities may also monitor report securityrelated issue including incident sexual genderbased violence ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Security ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The primary contribution of the military component to a DDR process is to provide security for DDR staff, partners, infrastructure and beneficiaries. Security is essential to ensure former combatants\u2019 confidence in DDR, and to ensure the security of other elements of a mission and the civilian population.If tasked and resourced, a military component may contribute to the creation and maintenance of a stable, secure environment in which DDR can take place. This may include the provision of security to areas in which DDR programmes and DDR-related tools (including pre-DDR and community violence reduction) are being implemented. Military components may also provide security to DDR and child protection practitioners, and to those participating in DDR processes, including children and dependants. This may include the provision of security to routes that participants will use to enter DDR and\/or the provision of military escorts. Security is provided primarily by armed UN troops, but could be supplemented by the State\u2019s defence security forces and\/or any other security provider.Finally, military components may also secure the collection, transportation and storage of weapons and ammunition handed in as part of a DDR process. They may also monitor and report on security-related issues, including incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. Experience has shown that unarmed MILOBs do not provide security, although in some situations they can assist by contributing to early warning, wider information gathering and information distribution.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":692, "Sentence":"Experience has shown that unarmed MILOBs do not provide security, although in some situations they can assist by contributing to early warning, wider information gathering and information distribution.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities experience shown unarmed milobs provide security although situation assist contributing early warning wider information gathering information distribution ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Military components may possess ammunition and weapons expertise useful for the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Disarmament typically involves the collection, documentation (registration), identification, storage, and disposal (including destruction) of conventional arms and ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Depending on the methods agreed in peace agreements and plans for future national security forces, weapons and ammunition will either be destroyed or safely and securely managed. Military components can therefore assist in performing the following disarmament-related tasks, which should include a gender-perspective in their planning and execution: \\n Monitoring the separation of forces. \\n Monitoring troop withdrawal from agreed-upon areas. \\n Manning reception centres. \\n Undertaking identification and physical checks of weapons. \\n Collection, registration and identification of weapons, ammunition and explosives. \\n Registration of male and female ex-combatants and associated groups.Not all military units possess the requisite capabilities to support the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Early and comprehensive planning should identify whether this is a requirement, and units\/capabilities should be generated accordingly. For example, the collection of unused landmines may constitute a component of disarmament and requires military explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) units. The destruction and disposal of ammunition and explosives is also a highly specialized process and shall only be conducted by specially trained EOD military personnel in coordination with the DDR component of the mission. When the military is receiving weapons, it is important that both male and female soldiers participate in the process, particularly if it is necessary to search former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":693, "Sentence":"Military components may possess ammunition and weapons expertise useful for the disarmament phase of a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military component may posse ammunition weapon expertise useful disarmament phase ddr programme ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Military components may possess ammunition and weapons expertise useful for the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Disarmament typically involves the collection, documentation (registration), identification, storage, and disposal (including destruction) of conventional arms and ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Depending on the methods agreed in peace agreements and plans for future national security forces, weapons and ammunition will either be destroyed or safely and securely managed. Military components can therefore assist in performing the following disarmament-related tasks, which should include a gender-perspective in their planning and execution: \\n Monitoring the separation of forces. \\n Monitoring troop withdrawal from agreed-upon areas. \\n Manning reception centres. \\n Undertaking identification and physical checks of weapons. \\n Collection, registration and identification of weapons, ammunition and explosives. \\n Registration of male and female ex-combatants and associated groups.Not all military units possess the requisite capabilities to support the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Early and comprehensive planning should identify whether this is a requirement, and units\/capabilities should be generated accordingly. For example, the collection of unused landmines may constitute a component of disarmament and requires military explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) units. The destruction and disposal of ammunition and explosives is also a highly specialized process and shall only be conducted by specially trained EOD military personnel in coordination with the DDR component of the mission. When the military is receiving weapons, it is important that both male and female soldiers participate in the process, particularly if it is necessary to search former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":693, "Sentence":"Disarmament typically involves the collection, documentation (registration), identification, storage, and disposal (including destruction) of conventional arms and ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities disarmament typically involves collection documentation registration identification storage disposal including destruction conventional arm ammunition see iddrs 4.10 disarmament ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Military components may possess ammunition and weapons expertise useful for the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Disarmament typically involves the collection, documentation (registration), identification, storage, and disposal (including destruction) of conventional arms and ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Depending on the methods agreed in peace agreements and plans for future national security forces, weapons and ammunition will either be destroyed or safely and securely managed. Military components can therefore assist in performing the following disarmament-related tasks, which should include a gender-perspective in their planning and execution: \\n Monitoring the separation of forces. \\n Monitoring troop withdrawal from agreed-upon areas. \\n Manning reception centres. \\n Undertaking identification and physical checks of weapons. \\n Collection, registration and identification of weapons, ammunition and explosives. \\n Registration of male and female ex-combatants and associated groups.Not all military units possess the requisite capabilities to support the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Early and comprehensive planning should identify whether this is a requirement, and units\/capabilities should be generated accordingly. For example, the collection of unused landmines may constitute a component of disarmament and requires military explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) units. The destruction and disposal of ammunition and explosives is also a highly specialized process and shall only be conducted by specially trained EOD military personnel in coordination with the DDR component of the mission. When the military is receiving weapons, it is important that both male and female soldiers participate in the process, particularly if it is necessary to search former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":693, "Sentence":"Depending on the methods agreed in peace agreements and plans for future national security forces, weapons and ammunition will either be destroyed or safely and securely managed.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities depending method agreed peace agreement plan future national security force weapon ammunition either destroyed safely securely managed ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Military components may possess ammunition and weapons expertise useful for the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Disarmament typically involves the collection, documentation (registration), identification, storage, and disposal (including destruction) of conventional arms and ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Depending on the methods agreed in peace agreements and plans for future national security forces, weapons and ammunition will either be destroyed or safely and securely managed. Military components can therefore assist in performing the following disarmament-related tasks, which should include a gender-perspective in their planning and execution: \\n Monitoring the separation of forces. \\n Monitoring troop withdrawal from agreed-upon areas. \\n Manning reception centres. \\n Undertaking identification and physical checks of weapons. \\n Collection, registration and identification of weapons, ammunition and explosives. \\n Registration of male and female ex-combatants and associated groups.Not all military units possess the requisite capabilities to support the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Early and comprehensive planning should identify whether this is a requirement, and units\/capabilities should be generated accordingly. For example, the collection of unused landmines may constitute a component of disarmament and requires military explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) units. The destruction and disposal of ammunition and explosives is also a highly specialized process and shall only be conducted by specially trained EOD military personnel in coordination with the DDR component of the mission. When the military is receiving weapons, it is important that both male and female soldiers participate in the process, particularly if it is necessary to search former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":693, "Sentence":"Military components can therefore assist in performing the following disarmament-related tasks, which should include a gender-perspective in their planning and execution: \\n Monitoring the separation of forces.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military component therefore assist performing following disarmamentrelated task include genderperspective planning execution n monitoring separation force ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Military components may possess ammunition and weapons expertise useful for the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Disarmament typically involves the collection, documentation (registration), identification, storage, and disposal (including destruction) of conventional arms and ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Depending on the methods agreed in peace agreements and plans for future national security forces, weapons and ammunition will either be destroyed or safely and securely managed. Military components can therefore assist in performing the following disarmament-related tasks, which should include a gender-perspective in their planning and execution: \\n Monitoring the separation of forces. \\n Monitoring troop withdrawal from agreed-upon areas. \\n Manning reception centres. \\n Undertaking identification and physical checks of weapons. \\n Collection, registration and identification of weapons, ammunition and explosives. \\n Registration of male and female ex-combatants and associated groups.Not all military units possess the requisite capabilities to support the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Early and comprehensive planning should identify whether this is a requirement, and units\/capabilities should be generated accordingly. For example, the collection of unused landmines may constitute a component of disarmament and requires military explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) units. The destruction and disposal of ammunition and explosives is also a highly specialized process and shall only be conducted by specially trained EOD military personnel in coordination with the DDR component of the mission. When the military is receiving weapons, it is important that both male and female soldiers participate in the process, particularly if it is necessary to search former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":693, "Sentence":"\\n Monitoring troop withdrawal from agreed-upon areas.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities n monitoring troop withdrawal agreedupon area ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Military components may possess ammunition and weapons expertise useful for the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Disarmament typically involves the collection, documentation (registration), identification, storage, and disposal (including destruction) of conventional arms and ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Depending on the methods agreed in peace agreements and plans for future national security forces, weapons and ammunition will either be destroyed or safely and securely managed. Military components can therefore assist in performing the following disarmament-related tasks, which should include a gender-perspective in their planning and execution: \\n Monitoring the separation of forces. \\n Monitoring troop withdrawal from agreed-upon areas. \\n Manning reception centres. \\n Undertaking identification and physical checks of weapons. \\n Collection, registration and identification of weapons, ammunition and explosives. \\n Registration of male and female ex-combatants and associated groups.Not all military units possess the requisite capabilities to support the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Early and comprehensive planning should identify whether this is a requirement, and units\/capabilities should be generated accordingly. For example, the collection of unused landmines may constitute a component of disarmament and requires military explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) units. The destruction and disposal of ammunition and explosives is also a highly specialized process and shall only be conducted by specially trained EOD military personnel in coordination with the DDR component of the mission. When the military is receiving weapons, it is important that both male and female soldiers participate in the process, particularly if it is necessary to search former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":693, "Sentence":"\\n Manning reception centres.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities n manning reception centre ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Military components may possess ammunition and weapons expertise useful for the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Disarmament typically involves the collection, documentation (registration), identification, storage, and disposal (including destruction) of conventional arms and ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Depending on the methods agreed in peace agreements and plans for future national security forces, weapons and ammunition will either be destroyed or safely and securely managed. Military components can therefore assist in performing the following disarmament-related tasks, which should include a gender-perspective in their planning and execution: \\n Monitoring the separation of forces. \\n Monitoring troop withdrawal from agreed-upon areas. \\n Manning reception centres. \\n Undertaking identification and physical checks of weapons. \\n Collection, registration and identification of weapons, ammunition and explosives. \\n Registration of male and female ex-combatants and associated groups.Not all military units possess the requisite capabilities to support the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Early and comprehensive planning should identify whether this is a requirement, and units\/capabilities should be generated accordingly. For example, the collection of unused landmines may constitute a component of disarmament and requires military explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) units. The destruction and disposal of ammunition and explosives is also a highly specialized process and shall only be conducted by specially trained EOD military personnel in coordination with the DDR component of the mission. When the military is receiving weapons, it is important that both male and female soldiers participate in the process, particularly if it is necessary to search former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":693, "Sentence":"\\n Undertaking identification and physical checks of weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities n undertaking identification physical check weapon ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Military components may possess ammunition and weapons expertise useful for the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Disarmament typically involves the collection, documentation (registration), identification, storage, and disposal (including destruction) of conventional arms and ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Depending on the methods agreed in peace agreements and plans for future national security forces, weapons and ammunition will either be destroyed or safely and securely managed. Military components can therefore assist in performing the following disarmament-related tasks, which should include a gender-perspective in their planning and execution: \\n Monitoring the separation of forces. \\n Monitoring troop withdrawal from agreed-upon areas. \\n Manning reception centres. \\n Undertaking identification and physical checks of weapons. \\n Collection, registration and identification of weapons, ammunition and explosives. \\n Registration of male and female ex-combatants and associated groups.Not all military units possess the requisite capabilities to support the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Early and comprehensive planning should identify whether this is a requirement, and units\/capabilities should be generated accordingly. For example, the collection of unused landmines may constitute a component of disarmament and requires military explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) units. The destruction and disposal of ammunition and explosives is also a highly specialized process and shall only be conducted by specially trained EOD military personnel in coordination with the DDR component of the mission. When the military is receiving weapons, it is important that both male and female soldiers participate in the process, particularly if it is necessary to search former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":693, "Sentence":"\\n Collection, registration and identification of weapons, ammunition and explosives.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities n collection registration identification weapon ammunition explosive ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Military components may possess ammunition and weapons expertise useful for the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Disarmament typically involves the collection, documentation (registration), identification, storage, and disposal (including destruction) of conventional arms and ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Depending on the methods agreed in peace agreements and plans for future national security forces, weapons and ammunition will either be destroyed or safely and securely managed. Military components can therefore assist in performing the following disarmament-related tasks, which should include a gender-perspective in their planning and execution: \\n Monitoring the separation of forces. \\n Monitoring troop withdrawal from agreed-upon areas. \\n Manning reception centres. \\n Undertaking identification and physical checks of weapons. \\n Collection, registration and identification of weapons, ammunition and explosives. \\n Registration of male and female ex-combatants and associated groups.Not all military units possess the requisite capabilities to support the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Early and comprehensive planning should identify whether this is a requirement, and units\/capabilities should be generated accordingly. For example, the collection of unused landmines may constitute a component of disarmament and requires military explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) units. The destruction and disposal of ammunition and explosives is also a highly specialized process and shall only be conducted by specially trained EOD military personnel in coordination with the DDR component of the mission. When the military is receiving weapons, it is important that both male and female soldiers participate in the process, particularly if it is necessary to search former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":693, "Sentence":"\\n Registration of male and female ex-combatants and associated groups.Not all military units possess the requisite capabilities to support the disarmament component of a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities n registration male female excombatants associated groups.not military unit posse requisite capability support disarmament component ddr programme ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Military components may possess ammunition and weapons expertise useful for the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Disarmament typically involves the collection, documentation (registration), identification, storage, and disposal (including destruction) of conventional arms and ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Depending on the methods agreed in peace agreements and plans for future national security forces, weapons and ammunition will either be destroyed or safely and securely managed. Military components can therefore assist in performing the following disarmament-related tasks, which should include a gender-perspective in their planning and execution: \\n Monitoring the separation of forces. \\n Monitoring troop withdrawal from agreed-upon areas. \\n Manning reception centres. \\n Undertaking identification and physical checks of weapons. \\n Collection, registration and identification of weapons, ammunition and explosives. \\n Registration of male and female ex-combatants and associated groups.Not all military units possess the requisite capabilities to support the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Early and comprehensive planning should identify whether this is a requirement, and units\/capabilities should be generated accordingly. For example, the collection of unused landmines may constitute a component of disarmament and requires military explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) units. The destruction and disposal of ammunition and explosives is also a highly specialized process and shall only be conducted by specially trained EOD military personnel in coordination with the DDR component of the mission. When the military is receiving weapons, it is important that both male and female soldiers participate in the process, particularly if it is necessary to search former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":693, "Sentence":"Early and comprehensive planning should identify whether this is a requirement, and units\/capabilities should be generated accordingly.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities early comprehensive planning identify whether requirement units\/capabilities generated accordingly ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Military components may possess ammunition and weapons expertise useful for the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Disarmament typically involves the collection, documentation (registration), identification, storage, and disposal (including destruction) of conventional arms and ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Depending on the methods agreed in peace agreements and plans for future national security forces, weapons and ammunition will either be destroyed or safely and securely managed. Military components can therefore assist in performing the following disarmament-related tasks, which should include a gender-perspective in their planning and execution: \\n Monitoring the separation of forces. \\n Monitoring troop withdrawal from agreed-upon areas. \\n Manning reception centres. \\n Undertaking identification and physical checks of weapons. \\n Collection, registration and identification of weapons, ammunition and explosives. \\n Registration of male and female ex-combatants and associated groups.Not all military units possess the requisite capabilities to support the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Early and comprehensive planning should identify whether this is a requirement, and units\/capabilities should be generated accordingly. For example, the collection of unused landmines may constitute a component of disarmament and requires military explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) units. The destruction and disposal of ammunition and explosives is also a highly specialized process and shall only be conducted by specially trained EOD military personnel in coordination with the DDR component of the mission. When the military is receiving weapons, it is important that both male and female soldiers participate in the process, particularly if it is necessary to search former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":693, "Sentence":"For example, the collection of unused landmines may constitute a component of disarmament and requires military explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) units.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities example collection unused landmines may constitute component disarmament requires military explosive ordnance disposal eod unit ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Military components may possess ammunition and weapons expertise useful for the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Disarmament typically involves the collection, documentation (registration), identification, storage, and disposal (including destruction) of conventional arms and ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Depending on the methods agreed in peace agreements and plans for future national security forces, weapons and ammunition will either be destroyed or safely and securely managed. Military components can therefore assist in performing the following disarmament-related tasks, which should include a gender-perspective in their planning and execution: \\n Monitoring the separation of forces. \\n Monitoring troop withdrawal from agreed-upon areas. \\n Manning reception centres. \\n Undertaking identification and physical checks of weapons. \\n Collection, registration and identification of weapons, ammunition and explosives. \\n Registration of male and female ex-combatants and associated groups.Not all military units possess the requisite capabilities to support the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Early and comprehensive planning should identify whether this is a requirement, and units\/capabilities should be generated accordingly. For example, the collection of unused landmines may constitute a component of disarmament and requires military explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) units. The destruction and disposal of ammunition and explosives is also a highly specialized process and shall only be conducted by specially trained EOD military personnel in coordination with the DDR component of the mission. When the military is receiving weapons, it is important that both male and female soldiers participate in the process, particularly if it is necessary to search former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":693, "Sentence":"The destruction and disposal of ammunition and explosives is also a highly specialized process and shall only be conducted by specially trained EOD military personnel in coordination with the DDR component of the mission.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities destruction disposal ammunition explosive also highly specialized process shall conducted specially trained eod military personnel coordination ddr component mission ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Military components may possess ammunition and weapons expertise useful for the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Disarmament typically involves the collection, documentation (registration), identification, storage, and disposal (including destruction) of conventional arms and ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Depending on the methods agreed in peace agreements and plans for future national security forces, weapons and ammunition will either be destroyed or safely and securely managed. Military components can therefore assist in performing the following disarmament-related tasks, which should include a gender-perspective in their planning and execution: \\n Monitoring the separation of forces. \\n Monitoring troop withdrawal from agreed-upon areas. \\n Manning reception centres. \\n Undertaking identification and physical checks of weapons. \\n Collection, registration and identification of weapons, ammunition and explosives. \\n Registration of male and female ex-combatants and associated groups.Not all military units possess the requisite capabilities to support the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Early and comprehensive planning should identify whether this is a requirement, and units\/capabilities should be generated accordingly. For example, the collection of unused landmines may constitute a component of disarmament and requires military explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) units. The destruction and disposal of ammunition and explosives is also a highly specialized process and shall only be conducted by specially trained EOD military personnel in coordination with the DDR component of the mission. When the military is receiving weapons, it is important that both male and female soldiers participate in the process, particularly if it is necessary to search former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":693, "Sentence":"When the military is receiving weapons, it is important that both male and female soldiers participate in the process, particularly if it is necessary to search former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military receiving weapon important male female soldier participate process particularly necessary search former combatant person formerly associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Transitional weapons and ammunition management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Military components may also assist with transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) as part of pre-DDR, as part of community violence reduction, or as part of DDR support to transitional security arrangements. The precise roles and responsibilities to be played by military components in each of these scenarios should be outlined in a set of standard operating procedures for transitional WAM (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":694, "Sentence":"Military components may also assist with transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) as part of pre-DDR, as part of community violence reduction, or as part of DDR support to transitional security arrangements.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military component may also assist transitional weapon ammunition management wam part preddr part community violence reduction part ddr support transitional security arrangement ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Transitional weapons and ammunition management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Military components may also assist with transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) as part of pre-DDR, as part of community violence reduction, or as part of DDR support to transitional security arrangements. The precise roles and responsibilities to be played by military components in each of these scenarios should be outlined in a set of standard operating procedures for transitional WAM (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":694, "Sentence":"The precise roles and responsibilities to be played by military components in each of these scenarios should be outlined in a set of standard operating procedures for transitional WAM (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities precise role responsibility played military component scenario outlined set standard operating procedure transitional wam see iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammunition management ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Information gathering and reporting", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The DDR component of the mission should coordinate and manage information gathering and reporting tasks, with supplementary information provided by the Joint Operations Centre (JOC) and Joint Mission Analysis Centre (JMAC). The military component can seek information on the following: \\n The locations, sex- and age-disaggregated troop strengths, and intentions of former combatants or associated groups, who may or will become part of a DDR process. \\n Estimates of the number\/type of weapons and ammunition expected to be collected\/stored during a DDR process, including those held by women and children. As accurate estimates may be difficult to achieve, planning for disarmament and broader transitional WAM must include some flexibility. \\n Sex- and age-disaggregated estimates of non-combatants associated with the armed forces, including women, children, and elderly or wounded\/disabled people. Their roles and responsibilities should also be identified, particularly if human trafficking, slavery, and\/or sexual and gender-based violence is suspected. \\n Information from UN system organizations, NGOs, and women\u2019s and youth groups. \\n\\n The information-gathering process can be a specific task of the military component, but it can also be a by-product of its normal operations, e.g., information gathered by patrols and the activities of MILOBs. Previous experience has shown that the leaders of armed groups often withhold or distort information related to DDR, particularly when communicating with the rank and file. Military components can be used to detect whether this is happening and can assist in dealing with this challenge as part of the public information and sensitization campaigns associated with DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).The military component can assist dedicated mission DDR staff by monitoring and reporting on progress. This work must be managed by the DDR staff in conjunction with the JOC.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":695, "Sentence":"The DDR component of the mission should coordinate and manage information gathering and reporting tasks, with supplementary information provided by the Joint Operations Centre (JOC) and Joint Mission Analysis Centre (JMAC).", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities ddr component mission coordinate manage information gathering reporting task supplementary information provided joint operation centre joc joint mission analysis centre jmac ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Information gathering and reporting", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The DDR component of the mission should coordinate and manage information gathering and reporting tasks, with supplementary information provided by the Joint Operations Centre (JOC) and Joint Mission Analysis Centre (JMAC). The military component can seek information on the following: \\n The locations, sex- and age-disaggregated troop strengths, and intentions of former combatants or associated groups, who may or will become part of a DDR process. \\n Estimates of the number\/type of weapons and ammunition expected to be collected\/stored during a DDR process, including those held by women and children. As accurate estimates may be difficult to achieve, planning for disarmament and broader transitional WAM must include some flexibility. \\n Sex- and age-disaggregated estimates of non-combatants associated with the armed forces, including women, children, and elderly or wounded\/disabled people. Their roles and responsibilities should also be identified, particularly if human trafficking, slavery, and\/or sexual and gender-based violence is suspected. \\n Information from UN system organizations, NGOs, and women\u2019s and youth groups. \\n\\n The information-gathering process can be a specific task of the military component, but it can also be a by-product of its normal operations, e.g., information gathered by patrols and the activities of MILOBs. Previous experience has shown that the leaders of armed groups often withhold or distort information related to DDR, particularly when communicating with the rank and file. Military components can be used to detect whether this is happening and can assist in dealing with this challenge as part of the public information and sensitization campaigns associated with DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).The military component can assist dedicated mission DDR staff by monitoring and reporting on progress. This work must be managed by the DDR staff in conjunction with the JOC.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":695, "Sentence":"The military component can seek information on the following: \\n The locations, sex- and age-disaggregated troop strengths, and intentions of former combatants or associated groups, who may or will become part of a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military component seek information following n location sex agedisaggregated troop strength intention former combatant associated group may become part ddr process ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Information gathering and reporting", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The DDR component of the mission should coordinate and manage information gathering and reporting tasks, with supplementary information provided by the Joint Operations Centre (JOC) and Joint Mission Analysis Centre (JMAC). The military component can seek information on the following: \\n The locations, sex- and age-disaggregated troop strengths, and intentions of former combatants or associated groups, who may or will become part of a DDR process. \\n Estimates of the number\/type of weapons and ammunition expected to be collected\/stored during a DDR process, including those held by women and children. As accurate estimates may be difficult to achieve, planning for disarmament and broader transitional WAM must include some flexibility. \\n Sex- and age-disaggregated estimates of non-combatants associated with the armed forces, including women, children, and elderly or wounded\/disabled people. Their roles and responsibilities should also be identified, particularly if human trafficking, slavery, and\/or sexual and gender-based violence is suspected. \\n Information from UN system organizations, NGOs, and women\u2019s and youth groups. \\n\\n The information-gathering process can be a specific task of the military component, but it can also be a by-product of its normal operations, e.g., information gathered by patrols and the activities of MILOBs. Previous experience has shown that the leaders of armed groups often withhold or distort information related to DDR, particularly when communicating with the rank and file. Military components can be used to detect whether this is happening and can assist in dealing with this challenge as part of the public information and sensitization campaigns associated with DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).The military component can assist dedicated mission DDR staff by monitoring and reporting on progress. This work must be managed by the DDR staff in conjunction with the JOC.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":695, "Sentence":"\\n Estimates of the number\/type of weapons and ammunition expected to be collected\/stored during a DDR process, including those held by women and children.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities n estimate number\/type weapon ammunition expected collected\/stored ddr process including held woman child ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Information gathering and reporting", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The DDR component of the mission should coordinate and manage information gathering and reporting tasks, with supplementary information provided by the Joint Operations Centre (JOC) and Joint Mission Analysis Centre (JMAC). The military component can seek information on the following: \\n The locations, sex- and age-disaggregated troop strengths, and intentions of former combatants or associated groups, who may or will become part of a DDR process. \\n Estimates of the number\/type of weapons and ammunition expected to be collected\/stored during a DDR process, including those held by women and children. As accurate estimates may be difficult to achieve, planning for disarmament and broader transitional WAM must include some flexibility. \\n Sex- and age-disaggregated estimates of non-combatants associated with the armed forces, including women, children, and elderly or wounded\/disabled people. Their roles and responsibilities should also be identified, particularly if human trafficking, slavery, and\/or sexual and gender-based violence is suspected. \\n Information from UN system organizations, NGOs, and women\u2019s and youth groups. \\n\\n The information-gathering process can be a specific task of the military component, but it can also be a by-product of its normal operations, e.g., information gathered by patrols and the activities of MILOBs. Previous experience has shown that the leaders of armed groups often withhold or distort information related to DDR, particularly when communicating with the rank and file. Military components can be used to detect whether this is happening and can assist in dealing with this challenge as part of the public information and sensitization campaigns associated with DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).The military component can assist dedicated mission DDR staff by monitoring and reporting on progress. This work must be managed by the DDR staff in conjunction with the JOC.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":695, "Sentence":"As accurate estimates may be difficult to achieve, planning for disarmament and broader transitional WAM must include some flexibility.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities accurate estimate may difficult achieve planning disarmament broader transitional wam must include flexibility ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Information gathering and reporting", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The DDR component of the mission should coordinate and manage information gathering and reporting tasks, with supplementary information provided by the Joint Operations Centre (JOC) and Joint Mission Analysis Centre (JMAC). The military component can seek information on the following: \\n The locations, sex- and age-disaggregated troop strengths, and intentions of former combatants or associated groups, who may or will become part of a DDR process. \\n Estimates of the number\/type of weapons and ammunition expected to be collected\/stored during a DDR process, including those held by women and children. As accurate estimates may be difficult to achieve, planning for disarmament and broader transitional WAM must include some flexibility. \\n Sex- and age-disaggregated estimates of non-combatants associated with the armed forces, including women, children, and elderly or wounded\/disabled people. Their roles and responsibilities should also be identified, particularly if human trafficking, slavery, and\/or sexual and gender-based violence is suspected. \\n Information from UN system organizations, NGOs, and women\u2019s and youth groups. \\n\\n The information-gathering process can be a specific task of the military component, but it can also be a by-product of its normal operations, e.g., information gathered by patrols and the activities of MILOBs. Previous experience has shown that the leaders of armed groups often withhold or distort information related to DDR, particularly when communicating with the rank and file. Military components can be used to detect whether this is happening and can assist in dealing with this challenge as part of the public information and sensitization campaigns associated with DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).The military component can assist dedicated mission DDR staff by monitoring and reporting on progress. This work must be managed by the DDR staff in conjunction with the JOC.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":695, "Sentence":"\\n Sex- and age-disaggregated estimates of non-combatants associated with the armed forces, including women, children, and elderly or wounded\/disabled people.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities n sex agedisaggregated estimate noncombatant associated armed force including woman child elderly wounded\/disabled people ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Information gathering and reporting", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The DDR component of the mission should coordinate and manage information gathering and reporting tasks, with supplementary information provided by the Joint Operations Centre (JOC) and Joint Mission Analysis Centre (JMAC). The military component can seek information on the following: \\n The locations, sex- and age-disaggregated troop strengths, and intentions of former combatants or associated groups, who may or will become part of a DDR process. \\n Estimates of the number\/type of weapons and ammunition expected to be collected\/stored during a DDR process, including those held by women and children. As accurate estimates may be difficult to achieve, planning for disarmament and broader transitional WAM must include some flexibility. \\n Sex- and age-disaggregated estimates of non-combatants associated with the armed forces, including women, children, and elderly or wounded\/disabled people. Their roles and responsibilities should also be identified, particularly if human trafficking, slavery, and\/or sexual and gender-based violence is suspected. \\n Information from UN system organizations, NGOs, and women\u2019s and youth groups. \\n\\n The information-gathering process can be a specific task of the military component, but it can also be a by-product of its normal operations, e.g., information gathered by patrols and the activities of MILOBs. Previous experience has shown that the leaders of armed groups often withhold or distort information related to DDR, particularly when communicating with the rank and file. Military components can be used to detect whether this is happening and can assist in dealing with this challenge as part of the public information and sensitization campaigns associated with DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).The military component can assist dedicated mission DDR staff by monitoring and reporting on progress. This work must be managed by the DDR staff in conjunction with the JOC.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":695, "Sentence":"Their roles and responsibilities should also be identified, particularly if human trafficking, slavery, and\/or sexual and gender-based violence is suspected.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities role responsibility also identified particularly human trafficking slavery and\/or sexual genderbased violence suspected ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Information gathering and reporting", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The DDR component of the mission should coordinate and manage information gathering and reporting tasks, with supplementary information provided by the Joint Operations Centre (JOC) and Joint Mission Analysis Centre (JMAC). The military component can seek information on the following: \\n The locations, sex- and age-disaggregated troop strengths, and intentions of former combatants or associated groups, who may or will become part of a DDR process. \\n Estimates of the number\/type of weapons and ammunition expected to be collected\/stored during a DDR process, including those held by women and children. As accurate estimates may be difficult to achieve, planning for disarmament and broader transitional WAM must include some flexibility. \\n Sex- and age-disaggregated estimates of non-combatants associated with the armed forces, including women, children, and elderly or wounded\/disabled people. Their roles and responsibilities should also be identified, particularly if human trafficking, slavery, and\/or sexual and gender-based violence is suspected. \\n Information from UN system organizations, NGOs, and women\u2019s and youth groups. \\n\\n The information-gathering process can be a specific task of the military component, but it can also be a by-product of its normal operations, e.g., information gathered by patrols and the activities of MILOBs. Previous experience has shown that the leaders of armed groups often withhold or distort information related to DDR, particularly when communicating with the rank and file. Military components can be used to detect whether this is happening and can assist in dealing with this challenge as part of the public information and sensitization campaigns associated with DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).The military component can assist dedicated mission DDR staff by monitoring and reporting on progress. This work must be managed by the DDR staff in conjunction with the JOC.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":695, "Sentence":"\\n Information from UN system organizations, NGOs, and women\u2019s and youth groups.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities n information un system organization ngo woman \u2019 youth group ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Information gathering and reporting", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The DDR component of the mission should coordinate and manage information gathering and reporting tasks, with supplementary information provided by the Joint Operations Centre (JOC) and Joint Mission Analysis Centre (JMAC). The military component can seek information on the following: \\n The locations, sex- and age-disaggregated troop strengths, and intentions of former combatants or associated groups, who may or will become part of a DDR process. \\n Estimates of the number\/type of weapons and ammunition expected to be collected\/stored during a DDR process, including those held by women and children. As accurate estimates may be difficult to achieve, planning for disarmament and broader transitional WAM must include some flexibility. \\n Sex- and age-disaggregated estimates of non-combatants associated with the armed forces, including women, children, and elderly or wounded\/disabled people. Their roles and responsibilities should also be identified, particularly if human trafficking, slavery, and\/or sexual and gender-based violence is suspected. \\n Information from UN system organizations, NGOs, and women\u2019s and youth groups. \\n\\n The information-gathering process can be a specific task of the military component, but it can also be a by-product of its normal operations, e.g., information gathered by patrols and the activities of MILOBs. Previous experience has shown that the leaders of armed groups often withhold or distort information related to DDR, particularly when communicating with the rank and file. Military components can be used to detect whether this is happening and can assist in dealing with this challenge as part of the public information and sensitization campaigns associated with DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).The military component can assist dedicated mission DDR staff by monitoring and reporting on progress. This work must be managed by the DDR staff in conjunction with the JOC.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":695, "Sentence":"\\n\\n The information-gathering process can be a specific task of the military component, but it can also be a by-product of its normal operations, e.g., information gathered by patrols and the activities of MILOBs.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities nn informationgathering process specific task military component also byproduct normal operation e.g . information gathered patrol activity milobs ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Information gathering and reporting", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The DDR component of the mission should coordinate and manage information gathering and reporting tasks, with supplementary information provided by the Joint Operations Centre (JOC) and Joint Mission Analysis Centre (JMAC). The military component can seek information on the following: \\n The locations, sex- and age-disaggregated troop strengths, and intentions of former combatants or associated groups, who may or will become part of a DDR process. \\n Estimates of the number\/type of weapons and ammunition expected to be collected\/stored during a DDR process, including those held by women and children. As accurate estimates may be difficult to achieve, planning for disarmament and broader transitional WAM must include some flexibility. \\n Sex- and age-disaggregated estimates of non-combatants associated with the armed forces, including women, children, and elderly or wounded\/disabled people. Their roles and responsibilities should also be identified, particularly if human trafficking, slavery, and\/or sexual and gender-based violence is suspected. \\n Information from UN system organizations, NGOs, and women\u2019s and youth groups. \\n\\n The information-gathering process can be a specific task of the military component, but it can also be a by-product of its normal operations, e.g., information gathered by patrols and the activities of MILOBs. Previous experience has shown that the leaders of armed groups often withhold or distort information related to DDR, particularly when communicating with the rank and file. Military components can be used to detect whether this is happening and can assist in dealing with this challenge as part of the public information and sensitization campaigns associated with DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).The military component can assist dedicated mission DDR staff by monitoring and reporting on progress. This work must be managed by the DDR staff in conjunction with the JOC.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":695, "Sentence":"Previous experience has shown that the leaders of armed groups often withhold or distort information related to DDR, particularly when communicating with the rank and file.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities previous experience shown leader armed group often withhold distort information related ddr particularly communicating rank file ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Information gathering and reporting", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The DDR component of the mission should coordinate and manage information gathering and reporting tasks, with supplementary information provided by the Joint Operations Centre (JOC) and Joint Mission Analysis Centre (JMAC). The military component can seek information on the following: \\n The locations, sex- and age-disaggregated troop strengths, and intentions of former combatants or associated groups, who may or will become part of a DDR process. \\n Estimates of the number\/type of weapons and ammunition expected to be collected\/stored during a DDR process, including those held by women and children. As accurate estimates may be difficult to achieve, planning for disarmament and broader transitional WAM must include some flexibility. \\n Sex- and age-disaggregated estimates of non-combatants associated with the armed forces, including women, children, and elderly or wounded\/disabled people. Their roles and responsibilities should also be identified, particularly if human trafficking, slavery, and\/or sexual and gender-based violence is suspected. \\n Information from UN system organizations, NGOs, and women\u2019s and youth groups. \\n\\n The information-gathering process can be a specific task of the military component, but it can also be a by-product of its normal operations, e.g., information gathered by patrols and the activities of MILOBs. Previous experience has shown that the leaders of armed groups often withhold or distort information related to DDR, particularly when communicating with the rank and file. Military components can be used to detect whether this is happening and can assist in dealing with this challenge as part of the public information and sensitization campaigns associated with DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).The military component can assist dedicated mission DDR staff by monitoring and reporting on progress. This work must be managed by the DDR staff in conjunction with the JOC.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":695, "Sentence":"Military components can be used to detect whether this is happening and can assist in dealing with this challenge as part of the public information and sensitization campaigns associated with DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).The military component can assist dedicated mission DDR staff by monitoring and reporting on progress.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military component used detect whether happening assist dealing challenge part public information sensitization campaign associated ddr see iddrs 4.60 public information strategic communication support ddr.the military component assist dedicated mission ddr staff monitoring reporting progress ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Information gathering and reporting", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The DDR component of the mission should coordinate and manage information gathering and reporting tasks, with supplementary information provided by the Joint Operations Centre (JOC) and Joint Mission Analysis Centre (JMAC). The military component can seek information on the following: \\n The locations, sex- and age-disaggregated troop strengths, and intentions of former combatants or associated groups, who may or will become part of a DDR process. \\n Estimates of the number\/type of weapons and ammunition expected to be collected\/stored during a DDR process, including those held by women and children. As accurate estimates may be difficult to achieve, planning for disarmament and broader transitional WAM must include some flexibility. \\n Sex- and age-disaggregated estimates of non-combatants associated with the armed forces, including women, children, and elderly or wounded\/disabled people. Their roles and responsibilities should also be identified, particularly if human trafficking, slavery, and\/or sexual and gender-based violence is suspected. \\n Information from UN system organizations, NGOs, and women\u2019s and youth groups. \\n\\n The information-gathering process can be a specific task of the military component, but it can also be a by-product of its normal operations, e.g., information gathered by patrols and the activities of MILOBs. Previous experience has shown that the leaders of armed groups often withhold or distort information related to DDR, particularly when communicating with the rank and file. Military components can be used to detect whether this is happening and can assist in dealing with this challenge as part of the public information and sensitization campaigns associated with DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).The military component can assist dedicated mission DDR staff by monitoring and reporting on progress. This work must be managed by the DDR staff in conjunction with the JOC.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":695, "Sentence":"This work must be managed by the DDR staff in conjunction with the JOC.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities work must managed ddr staff conjunction joc ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.5 Information dissemination and sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Military components are typically widely spread across the conflict-affected country\/region and can therefore assist by distributing information on DDR to potential participants and beneficiaries. Any information campaign should be planned and monitored by the DDR component and wider mission public information staff (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). MILOBs and the infantry battalion can assist in the dissemination of public information and in sensitization campaigns.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":696, "Sentence":"Military components are typically widely spread across the conflict-affected country\/region and can therefore assist by distributing information on DDR to potential participants and beneficiaries.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military component typically widely spread across conflictaffected country\/region therefore assist distributing information ddr potential participant beneficiary ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.5 Information dissemination and sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Military components are typically widely spread across the conflict-affected country\/region and can therefore assist by distributing information on DDR to potential participants and beneficiaries. Any information campaign should be planned and monitored by the DDR component and wider mission public information staff (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). MILOBs and the infantry battalion can assist in the dissemination of public information and in sensitization campaigns.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":696, "Sentence":"Any information campaign should be planned and monitored by the DDR component and wider mission public information staff (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities information campaign planned monitored ddr component wider mission public information staff see iddrs 4.60 public information strategic communication support ddr ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.5 Information dissemination and sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Military components are typically widely spread across the conflict-affected country\/region and can therefore assist by distributing information on DDR to potential participants and beneficiaries. Any information campaign should be planned and monitored by the DDR component and wider mission public information staff (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). MILOBs and the infantry battalion can assist in the dissemination of public information and in sensitization campaigns.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":696, "Sentence":"MILOBs and the infantry battalion can assist in the dissemination of public information and in sensitization campaigns.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities milobs infantry battalion assist dissemination public information sensitization campaign ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.6 Logistics support", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Military components may conduct a wide range of logistical tasks ranging from transportation to the construction of static disarmament and demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Logistics support provided by a military component must be coordinated with units that provide integrated services support to a mission. Where the military is specifically tasked with providing certain kinds of support, additional military capability may be required by the military component for the duration of the task. A less ideal solution would be to reprioritize or reschedule the activities of military elements carrying out other mandated tasks. This approach can have the disadvantage of degrading wider efforts to provide a secure environment, perhaps even at the expense of the security of the population at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":697, "Sentence":"Military components may conduct a wide range of logistical tasks ranging from transportation to the construction of static disarmament and demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military component may conduct wide range logistical task ranging transportation construction static disarmament demobilization site see iddrs 4.10 disarmament iddrs 4.20 demobilization ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.6 Logistics support", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Military components may conduct a wide range of logistical tasks ranging from transportation to the construction of static disarmament and demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Logistics support provided by a military component must be coordinated with units that provide integrated services support to a mission. Where the military is specifically tasked with providing certain kinds of support, additional military capability may be required by the military component for the duration of the task. A less ideal solution would be to reprioritize or reschedule the activities of military elements carrying out other mandated tasks. This approach can have the disadvantage of degrading wider efforts to provide a secure environment, perhaps even at the expense of the security of the population at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":697, "Sentence":"Logistics support provided by a military component must be coordinated with units that provide integrated services support to a mission.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities logistics support provided military component must coordinated unit provide integrated service support mission ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.6 Logistics support", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Military components may conduct a wide range of logistical tasks ranging from transportation to the construction of static disarmament and demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Logistics support provided by a military component must be coordinated with units that provide integrated services support to a mission. Where the military is specifically tasked with providing certain kinds of support, additional military capability may be required by the military component for the duration of the task. A less ideal solution would be to reprioritize or reschedule the activities of military elements carrying out other mandated tasks. This approach can have the disadvantage of degrading wider efforts to provide a secure environment, perhaps even at the expense of the security of the population at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":697, "Sentence":"Where the military is specifically tasked with providing certain kinds of support, additional military capability may be required by the military component for the duration of the task.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military specifically tasked providing certain kind support additional military capability may required military component duration task ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.6 Logistics support", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Military components may conduct a wide range of logistical tasks ranging from transportation to the construction of static disarmament and demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Logistics support provided by a military component must be coordinated with units that provide integrated services support to a mission. Where the military is specifically tasked with providing certain kinds of support, additional military capability may be required by the military component for the duration of the task. A less ideal solution would be to reprioritize or reschedule the activities of military elements carrying out other mandated tasks. This approach can have the disadvantage of degrading wider efforts to provide a secure environment, perhaps even at the expense of the security of the population at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":697, "Sentence":"A less ideal solution would be to reprioritize or reschedule the activities of military elements carrying out other mandated tasks.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities le ideal solution would reprioritize reschedule activity military element carrying mandated task ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Military component contribution", "Heading3":"5.3.6 Logistics support", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Military components may conduct a wide range of logistical tasks ranging from transportation to the construction of static disarmament and demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Logistics support provided by a military component must be coordinated with units that provide integrated services support to a mission. Where the military is specifically tasked with providing certain kinds of support, additional military capability may be required by the military component for the duration of the task. A less ideal solution would be to reprioritize or reschedule the activities of military elements carrying out other mandated tasks. This approach can have the disadvantage of degrading wider efforts to provide a secure environment, perhaps even at the expense of the security of the population at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":697, "Sentence":"This approach can have the disadvantage of degrading wider efforts to provide a secure environment, perhaps even at the expense of the security of the population at large.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities approach disadvantage degrading wider effort provide secure environment perhaps even expense security population large ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Pre-deployment planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"During pre-deployment planning, assessment and advisory visits (AAVs) are conducted to facilitate planning and decision-making processes at the UN Headquarters (UNHQ) level and to improve understanding of the preparedness of Member States wishing to contribute to UN peacekeeping operations. For new and emerging Troop Contributing Countries (TCCs), an AAV provides advice on specific UN operational and performance requirements. If DDR is required, TCCs can be provided with advice on the preparation of DDR activities during AAVs. A lead role should be played by the Integrated Training Service, who should include information on the preparation and implementation of DDR, including through a gender-perspective, within the pre-deployment training package. AAVs also support those Member States that are contributing a new capability in UN peace operations with guidance on specific UN requirements and assist them in meeting those requirements. Finally, preparedness for DDR is a responsibility of TCCs with UNHQ guidance. During pre-deployment visits, preparedness for DDR can be evaluated\/assessed.For the military component, DDR planning is not very different from planning related to other military tasks in UN peace operations. Clear guidance is necessary on the scope of the military\u2019s involvement.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":698, "Sentence":"During pre-deployment planning, assessment and advisory visits (AAVs) are conducted to facilitate planning and decision-making processes at the UN Headquarters (UNHQ) level and to improve understanding of the preparedness of Member States wishing to contribute to UN peacekeeping operations.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities predeployment planning assessment advisory visit aavs conducted facilitate planning decisionmaking process un headquarters unhq level improve understanding preparedness member state wishing contribute un peacekeeping operation ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Pre-deployment planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"During pre-deployment planning, assessment and advisory visits (AAVs) are conducted to facilitate planning and decision-making processes at the UN Headquarters (UNHQ) level and to improve understanding of the preparedness of Member States wishing to contribute to UN peacekeeping operations. For new and emerging Troop Contributing Countries (TCCs), an AAV provides advice on specific UN operational and performance requirements. If DDR is required, TCCs can be provided with advice on the preparation of DDR activities during AAVs. A lead role should be played by the Integrated Training Service, who should include information on the preparation and implementation of DDR, including through a gender-perspective, within the pre-deployment training package. AAVs also support those Member States that are contributing a new capability in UN peace operations with guidance on specific UN requirements and assist them in meeting those requirements. Finally, preparedness for DDR is a responsibility of TCCs with UNHQ guidance. During pre-deployment visits, preparedness for DDR can be evaluated\/assessed.For the military component, DDR planning is not very different from planning related to other military tasks in UN peace operations. Clear guidance is necessary on the scope of the military\u2019s involvement.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":698, "Sentence":"For new and emerging Troop Contributing Countries (TCCs), an AAV provides advice on specific UN operational and performance requirements.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities new emerging troop contributing country tccs aav provides advice specific un operational performance requirement ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Pre-deployment planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"During pre-deployment planning, assessment and advisory visits (AAVs) are conducted to facilitate planning and decision-making processes at the UN Headquarters (UNHQ) level and to improve understanding of the preparedness of Member States wishing to contribute to UN peacekeeping operations. For new and emerging Troop Contributing Countries (TCCs), an AAV provides advice on specific UN operational and performance requirements. If DDR is required, TCCs can be provided with advice on the preparation of DDR activities during AAVs. A lead role should be played by the Integrated Training Service, who should include information on the preparation and implementation of DDR, including through a gender-perspective, within the pre-deployment training package. AAVs also support those Member States that are contributing a new capability in UN peace operations with guidance on specific UN requirements and assist them in meeting those requirements. Finally, preparedness for DDR is a responsibility of TCCs with UNHQ guidance. During pre-deployment visits, preparedness for DDR can be evaluated\/assessed.For the military component, DDR planning is not very different from planning related to other military tasks in UN peace operations. Clear guidance is necessary on the scope of the military\u2019s involvement.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":698, "Sentence":"If DDR is required, TCCs can be provided with advice on the preparation of DDR activities during AAVs.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities ddr required tccs provided advice preparation ddr activity aavs ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Pre-deployment planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"During pre-deployment planning, assessment and advisory visits (AAVs) are conducted to facilitate planning and decision-making processes at the UN Headquarters (UNHQ) level and to improve understanding of the preparedness of Member States wishing to contribute to UN peacekeeping operations. For new and emerging Troop Contributing Countries (TCCs), an AAV provides advice on specific UN operational and performance requirements. If DDR is required, TCCs can be provided with advice on the preparation of DDR activities during AAVs. A lead role should be played by the Integrated Training Service, who should include information on the preparation and implementation of DDR, including through a gender-perspective, within the pre-deployment training package. AAVs also support those Member States that are contributing a new capability in UN peace operations with guidance on specific UN requirements and assist them in meeting those requirements. Finally, preparedness for DDR is a responsibility of TCCs with UNHQ guidance. During pre-deployment visits, preparedness for DDR can be evaluated\/assessed.For the military component, DDR planning is not very different from planning related to other military tasks in UN peace operations. Clear guidance is necessary on the scope of the military\u2019s involvement.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":698, "Sentence":"A lead role should be played by the Integrated Training Service, who should include information on the preparation and implementation of DDR, including through a gender-perspective, within the pre-deployment training package.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities lead role played integrated training service include information preparation implementation ddr including genderperspective within predeployment training package ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Pre-deployment planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"During pre-deployment planning, assessment and advisory visits (AAVs) are conducted to facilitate planning and decision-making processes at the UN Headquarters (UNHQ) level and to improve understanding of the preparedness of Member States wishing to contribute to UN peacekeeping operations. For new and emerging Troop Contributing Countries (TCCs), an AAV provides advice on specific UN operational and performance requirements. If DDR is required, TCCs can be provided with advice on the preparation of DDR activities during AAVs. A lead role should be played by the Integrated Training Service, who should include information on the preparation and implementation of DDR, including through a gender-perspective, within the pre-deployment training package. AAVs also support those Member States that are contributing a new capability in UN peace operations with guidance on specific UN requirements and assist them in meeting those requirements. Finally, preparedness for DDR is a responsibility of TCCs with UNHQ guidance. During pre-deployment visits, preparedness for DDR can be evaluated\/assessed.For the military component, DDR planning is not very different from planning related to other military tasks in UN peace operations. Clear guidance is necessary on the scope of the military\u2019s involvement.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":698, "Sentence":"AAVs also support those Member States that are contributing a new capability in UN peace operations with guidance on specific UN requirements and assist them in meeting those requirements.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities aavs also support member state contributing new capability un peace operation guidance specific un requirement assist meeting requirement ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Pre-deployment planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"During pre-deployment planning, assessment and advisory visits (AAVs) are conducted to facilitate planning and decision-making processes at the UN Headquarters (UNHQ) level and to improve understanding of the preparedness of Member States wishing to contribute to UN peacekeeping operations. For new and emerging Troop Contributing Countries (TCCs), an AAV provides advice on specific UN operational and performance requirements. If DDR is required, TCCs can be provided with advice on the preparation of DDR activities during AAVs. A lead role should be played by the Integrated Training Service, who should include information on the preparation and implementation of DDR, including through a gender-perspective, within the pre-deployment training package. AAVs also support those Member States that are contributing a new capability in UN peace operations with guidance on specific UN requirements and assist them in meeting those requirements. Finally, preparedness for DDR is a responsibility of TCCs with UNHQ guidance. During pre-deployment visits, preparedness for DDR can be evaluated\/assessed.For the military component, DDR planning is not very different from planning related to other military tasks in UN peace operations. Clear guidance is necessary on the scope of the military\u2019s involvement.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":698, "Sentence":"Finally, preparedness for DDR is a responsibility of TCCs with UNHQ guidance.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities finally preparedness ddr responsibility tccs unhq guidance ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Pre-deployment planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"During pre-deployment planning, assessment and advisory visits (AAVs) are conducted to facilitate planning and decision-making processes at the UN Headquarters (UNHQ) level and to improve understanding of the preparedness of Member States wishing to contribute to UN peacekeeping operations. For new and emerging Troop Contributing Countries (TCCs), an AAV provides advice on specific UN operational and performance requirements. If DDR is required, TCCs can be provided with advice on the preparation of DDR activities during AAVs. A lead role should be played by the Integrated Training Service, who should include information on the preparation and implementation of DDR, including through a gender-perspective, within the pre-deployment training package. AAVs also support those Member States that are contributing a new capability in UN peace operations with guidance on specific UN requirements and assist them in meeting those requirements. Finally, preparedness for DDR is a responsibility of TCCs with UNHQ guidance. During pre-deployment visits, preparedness for DDR can be evaluated\/assessed.For the military component, DDR planning is not very different from planning related to other military tasks in UN peace operations. Clear guidance is necessary on the scope of the military\u2019s involvement.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":698, "Sentence":"During pre-deployment visits, preparedness for DDR can be evaluated\/assessed.For the military component, DDR planning is not very different from planning related to other military tasks in UN peace operations.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities predeployment visit preparedness ddr evaluated\/assessed.for military component ddr planning different planning related military task un peace operation ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Pre-deployment planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"During pre-deployment planning, assessment and advisory visits (AAVs) are conducted to facilitate planning and decision-making processes at the UN Headquarters (UNHQ) level and to improve understanding of the preparedness of Member States wishing to contribute to UN peacekeeping operations. For new and emerging Troop Contributing Countries (TCCs), an AAV provides advice on specific UN operational and performance requirements. If DDR is required, TCCs can be provided with advice on the preparation of DDR activities during AAVs. A lead role should be played by the Integrated Training Service, who should include information on the preparation and implementation of DDR, including through a gender-perspective, within the pre-deployment training package. AAVs also support those Member States that are contributing a new capability in UN peace operations with guidance on specific UN requirements and assist them in meeting those requirements. Finally, preparedness for DDR is a responsibility of TCCs with UNHQ guidance. During pre-deployment visits, preparedness for DDR can be evaluated\/assessed.For the military component, DDR planning is not very different from planning related to other military tasks in UN peace operations. Clear guidance is necessary on the scope of the military\u2019s involvement.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":698, "Sentence":"Clear guidance is necessary on the scope of the military\u2019s involvement.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities clear guidance necessary scope military \u2019 involvement ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.5 Contingency planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Contingency planning for military contributions to DDR processes will typically be carried out by military staff at UNHQ in collaboration with the Force Headquarters of the Mission. Ideally, once it appears likely that a mission will be established, individuals can be identified in Member States to fill specialist DDR military staff officer posts in a DDR component in mission headquarters. These specialists could be called upon to assist at UNHQ if required, ahead of the main deployment.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":699, "Sentence":"Contingency planning for military contributions to DDR processes will typically be carried out by military staff at UNHQ in collaboration with the Force Headquarters of the Mission.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities contingency planning military contribution ddr process typically carried military staff unhq collaboration force headquarters mission ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.5 Contingency planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Contingency planning for military contributions to DDR processes will typically be carried out by military staff at UNHQ in collaboration with the Force Headquarters of the Mission. Ideally, once it appears likely that a mission will be established, individuals can be identified in Member States to fill specialist DDR military staff officer posts in a DDR component in mission headquarters. These specialists could be called upon to assist at UNHQ if required, ahead of the main deployment.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":699, "Sentence":"Ideally, once it appears likely that a mission will be established, individuals can be identified in Member States to fill specialist DDR military staff officer posts in a DDR component in mission headquarters.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities ideally appears likely mission established individual identified member state fill specialist ddr military staff officer post ddr component mission headquarters ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.5 Contingency planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Contingency planning for military contributions to DDR processes will typically be carried out by military staff at UNHQ in collaboration with the Force Headquarters of the Mission. Ideally, once it appears likely that a mission will be established, individuals can be identified in Member States to fill specialist DDR military staff officer posts in a DDR component in mission headquarters. These specialists could be called upon to assist at UNHQ if required, ahead of the main deployment.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":699, "Sentence":"These specialists could be called upon to assist at UNHQ if required, ahead of the main deployment.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities specialist could called upon assist unhq required ahead main deployment ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.6 Joint assessment mission", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Military staff officers, either from UNHQ or, ideally, individuals specifically allocated as DDR staff for peace operations, will participate, when required and available, in joint assessment missions to assist in determining the military operational requirement specifically needed to support DDR. These officers can advise on technical issues that will be relevant to the particular DDR process and should possess gender expertise.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":700, "Sentence":"Military staff officers, either from UNHQ or, ideally, individuals specifically allocated as DDR staff for peace operations, will participate, when required and available, in joint assessment missions to assist in determining the military operational requirement specifically needed to support DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military staff officer either unhq ideally individual specifically allocated ddr staff peace operation participate required available joint assessment mission assist determining military operational requirement specifically needed support ddr ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.6 Joint assessment mission", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Military staff officers, either from UNHQ or, ideally, individuals specifically allocated as DDR staff for peace operations, will participate, when required and available, in joint assessment missions to assist in determining the military operational requirement specifically needed to support DDR. These officers can advise on technical issues that will be relevant to the particular DDR process and should possess gender expertise.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":700, "Sentence":"These officers can advise on technical issues that will be relevant to the particular DDR process and should possess gender expertise.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities officer advise technical issue relevant particular ddr process posse gender expertise ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.7 Mission concept of operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"A mission concept of operations is drawn up as part of an integrated activity at UNHQ. As part of this process, a detailed operational requirement will be developed for military capability to meet the proposed tasks in the concept. This will include military capability to support UN DDR. The overall military requirement is the responsibility of the Military Adviser, however, this individual is not responsible for the overall DDR plan. There must be close consultation among all components involved in DDR throughout the planning process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":701, "Sentence":"A mission concept of operations is drawn up as part of an integrated activity at UNHQ.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities mission concept operation drawn part integrated activity unhq ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.7 Mission concept of operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"A mission concept of operations is drawn up as part of an integrated activity at UNHQ. As part of this process, a detailed operational requirement will be developed for military capability to meet the proposed tasks in the concept. This will include military capability to support UN DDR. The overall military requirement is the responsibility of the Military Adviser, however, this individual is not responsible for the overall DDR plan. There must be close consultation among all components involved in DDR throughout the planning process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":701, "Sentence":"As part of this process, a detailed operational requirement will be developed for military capability to meet the proposed tasks in the concept.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities part process detailed operational requirement developed military capability meet proposed task concept ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.7 Mission concept of operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"A mission concept of operations is drawn up as part of an integrated activity at UNHQ. As part of this process, a detailed operational requirement will be developed for military capability to meet the proposed tasks in the concept. This will include military capability to support UN DDR. The overall military requirement is the responsibility of the Military Adviser, however, this individual is not responsible for the overall DDR plan. There must be close consultation among all components involved in DDR throughout the planning process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":701, "Sentence":"This will include military capability to support UN DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities include military capability support un ddr ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.7 Mission concept of operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"A mission concept of operations is drawn up as part of an integrated activity at UNHQ. As part of this process, a detailed operational requirement will be developed for military capability to meet the proposed tasks in the concept. This will include military capability to support UN DDR. The overall military requirement is the responsibility of the Military Adviser, however, this individual is not responsible for the overall DDR plan. There must be close consultation among all components involved in DDR throughout the planning process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":701, "Sentence":"The overall military requirement is the responsibility of the Military Adviser, however, this individual is not responsible for the overall DDR plan.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities overall military requirement responsibility military adviser however individual responsible overall ddr plan ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.7 Mission concept of operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"A mission concept of operations is drawn up as part of an integrated activity at UNHQ. As part of this process, a detailed operational requirement will be developed for military capability to meet the proposed tasks in the concept. This will include military capability to support UN DDR. The overall military requirement is the responsibility of the Military Adviser, however, this individual is not responsible for the overall DDR plan. There must be close consultation among all components involved in DDR throughout the planning process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":701, "Sentence":"There must be close consultation among all components involved in DDR throughout the planning process.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities must close consultation among component involved ddr throughout planning process ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.8 Mission plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Ideally, detailed mission plans will be drawn up by individuals who will fill planning and management positions in the proposed new mission. If this is not possible, initial plans will be drawn up by UNHQ staff, then reviewed and adjusted by mission staff as DDR progresses. Mission plans and concepts of operations will also need to be reviewed, should the Security Council not approve all identified and proposed operational requirements. In addition, as DDR processes should be owned by Governments or transitional Governments, mission plans should be flexible and allow for adjustments.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":702, "Sentence":"Ideally, detailed mission plans will be drawn up by individuals who will fill planning and management positions in the proposed new mission.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities ideally detailed mission plan drawn individual fill planning management position proposed new mission ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.8 Mission plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Ideally, detailed mission plans will be drawn up by individuals who will fill planning and management positions in the proposed new mission. If this is not possible, initial plans will be drawn up by UNHQ staff, then reviewed and adjusted by mission staff as DDR progresses. Mission plans and concepts of operations will also need to be reviewed, should the Security Council not approve all identified and proposed operational requirements. In addition, as DDR processes should be owned by Governments or transitional Governments, mission plans should be flexible and allow for adjustments.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":702, "Sentence":"If this is not possible, initial plans will be drawn up by UNHQ staff, then reviewed and adjusted by mission staff as DDR progresses.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities possible initial plan drawn unhq staff reviewed adjusted mission staff ddr progress ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.8 Mission plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Ideally, detailed mission plans will be drawn up by individuals who will fill planning and management positions in the proposed new mission. If this is not possible, initial plans will be drawn up by UNHQ staff, then reviewed and adjusted by mission staff as DDR progresses. Mission plans and concepts of operations will also need to be reviewed, should the Security Council not approve all identified and proposed operational requirements. In addition, as DDR processes should be owned by Governments or transitional Governments, mission plans should be flexible and allow for adjustments.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":702, "Sentence":"Mission plans and concepts of operations will also need to be reviewed, should the Security Council not approve all identified and proposed operational requirements.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities mission plan concept operation also need reviewed security council approve identified proposed operational requirement ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.8 Mission plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Ideally, detailed mission plans will be drawn up by individuals who will fill planning and management positions in the proposed new mission. If this is not possible, initial plans will be drawn up by UNHQ staff, then reviewed and adjusted by mission staff as DDR progresses. Mission plans and concepts of operations will also need to be reviewed, should the Security Council not approve all identified and proposed operational requirements. In addition, as DDR processes should be owned by Governments or transitional Governments, mission plans should be flexible and allow for adjustments.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":702, "Sentence":"In addition, as DDR processes should be owned by Governments or transitional Governments, mission plans should be flexible and allow for adjustments.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities addition ddr process owned government transitional government mission plan flexible allow adjustment ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.9 Force generation ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s Force Generation Service is responsible for interaction with Member States to acquire the military capabilities identified in the operational requirement. Contributions are negotiated on a case- by-case basis. Member States will not start formal negotiations until the Security Council has mandated a mission. For complex missions, i.e., most missions involving DDR, the UN has a target of having troops completely deployed within 90 days.If the military operational requirement specifically identified to support DDR is likely to be concentrated on support to disarmament, transitional WAM, and demobilization, it may be possible to reduce the size of the force once these aspects have been completed, if the security situation allows. In other words, it may be possible to design a force structure that has an element that will be required only for these specific activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":703, "Sentence":"The UN\u2019s Force Generation Service is responsible for interaction with Member States to acquire the military capabilities identified in the operational requirement.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities un \u2019 force generation service responsible interaction member state acquire military capability identified operational requirement ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.9 Force generation ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s Force Generation Service is responsible for interaction with Member States to acquire the military capabilities identified in the operational requirement. Contributions are negotiated on a case- by-case basis. Member States will not start formal negotiations until the Security Council has mandated a mission. For complex missions, i.e., most missions involving DDR, the UN has a target of having troops completely deployed within 90 days.If the military operational requirement specifically identified to support DDR is likely to be concentrated on support to disarmament, transitional WAM, and demobilization, it may be possible to reduce the size of the force once these aspects have been completed, if the security situation allows. In other words, it may be possible to design a force structure that has an element that will be required only for these specific activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":703, "Sentence":"Contributions are negotiated on a case- by-case basis.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities contribution negotiated case bycase basis ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.9 Force generation ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s Force Generation Service is responsible for interaction with Member States to acquire the military capabilities identified in the operational requirement. Contributions are negotiated on a case- by-case basis. Member States will not start formal negotiations until the Security Council has mandated a mission. For complex missions, i.e., most missions involving DDR, the UN has a target of having troops completely deployed within 90 days.If the military operational requirement specifically identified to support DDR is likely to be concentrated on support to disarmament, transitional WAM, and demobilization, it may be possible to reduce the size of the force once these aspects have been completed, if the security situation allows. In other words, it may be possible to design a force structure that has an element that will be required only for these specific activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":703, "Sentence":"Member States will not start formal negotiations until the Security Council has mandated a mission.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities member state start formal negotiation security council mandated mission ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.9 Force generation ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s Force Generation Service is responsible for interaction with Member States to acquire the military capabilities identified in the operational requirement. Contributions are negotiated on a case- by-case basis. Member States will not start formal negotiations until the Security Council has mandated a mission. For complex missions, i.e., most missions involving DDR, the UN has a target of having troops completely deployed within 90 days.If the military operational requirement specifically identified to support DDR is likely to be concentrated on support to disarmament, transitional WAM, and demobilization, it may be possible to reduce the size of the force once these aspects have been completed, if the security situation allows. In other words, it may be possible to design a force structure that has an element that will be required only for these specific activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":703, "Sentence":"For complex missions, i.e., most missions involving DDR, the UN has a target of having troops completely deployed within 90 days.If the military operational requirement specifically identified to support DDR is likely to be concentrated on support to disarmament, transitional WAM, and demobilization, it may be possible to reduce the size of the force once these aspects have been completed, if the security situation allows.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities complex mission i.e . mission involving ddr un target troop completely deployed within 90 days.if military operational requirement specifically identified support ddr likely concentrated support disarmament transitional wam demobilization may possible reduce size force aspect completed security situation allows ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.9 Force generation ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s Force Generation Service is responsible for interaction with Member States to acquire the military capabilities identified in the operational requirement. Contributions are negotiated on a case- by-case basis. Member States will not start formal negotiations until the Security Council has mandated a mission. For complex missions, i.e., most missions involving DDR, the UN has a target of having troops completely deployed within 90 days.If the military operational requirement specifically identified to support DDR is likely to be concentrated on support to disarmament, transitional WAM, and demobilization, it may be possible to reduce the size of the force once these aspects have been completed, if the security situation allows. In other words, it may be possible to design a force structure that has an element that will be required only for these specific activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":703, "Sentence":"In other words, it may be possible to design a force structure that has an element that will be required only for these specific activities.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities word may possible design force structure element required specific activity ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.10 DDR component staffing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Military capacity used in a DDR process is planned in detail and carried out by the military component of the mission within the limits of its capabilities. Military staff officers could fill posts in a DDR component as follows: \\n Mil SO1 DDR \u2013 military liaison (Lieutenant Colonel); \\n Mil SO2 DDR \u2013 military liaison (Major); \\n Mil SO2 DDR \u2013 disarmament and weapons control (Major); \\n Mil SO2 DDR \u2013 gender and protection issues (Major). \\n\\n The posts will be designed to meet the specific requirements of the mission.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":704, "Sentence":"Military capacity used in a DDR process is planned in detail and carried out by the military component of the mission within the limits of its capabilities.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military capacity used ddr process planned detail carried military component mission within limit capability ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.10 DDR component staffing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Military capacity used in a DDR process is planned in detail and carried out by the military component of the mission within the limits of its capabilities. Military staff officers could fill posts in a DDR component as follows: \\n Mil SO1 DDR \u2013 military liaison (Lieutenant Colonel); \\n Mil SO2 DDR \u2013 military liaison (Major); \\n Mil SO2 DDR \u2013 disarmament and weapons control (Major); \\n Mil SO2 DDR \u2013 gender and protection issues (Major). \\n\\n The posts will be designed to meet the specific requirements of the mission.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":704, "Sentence":"Military staff officers could fill posts in a DDR component as follows: \\n Mil SO1 DDR \u2013 military liaison (Lieutenant Colonel); \\n Mil SO2 DDR \u2013 military liaison (Major); \\n Mil SO2 DDR \u2013 disarmament and weapons control (Major); \\n Mil SO2 DDR \u2013 gender and protection issues (Major).", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military staff officer could fill post ddr component follows n mil so1 ddr \u2013 military liaison lieutenant colonel n mil so2 ddr \u2013 military liaison major n mil so2 ddr \u2013 disarmament weapon control major n mil so2 ddr \u2013 gender protection issue major ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. The military component in mission settings", "Heading2":"5.10 DDR component staffing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Military capacity used in a DDR process is planned in detail and carried out by the military component of the mission within the limits of its capabilities. Military staff officers could fill posts in a DDR component as follows: \\n Mil SO1 DDR \u2013 military liaison (Lieutenant Colonel); \\n Mil SO2 DDR \u2013 military liaison (Major); \\n Mil SO2 DDR \u2013 disarmament and weapons control (Major); \\n Mil SO2 DDR \u2013 gender and protection issues (Major). \\n\\n The posts will be designed to meet the specific requirements of the mission.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":704, "Sentence":"\\n\\n The posts will be designed to meet the specific requirements of the mission.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities nn post designed meet specific requirement mission ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. Special political missions and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In SPMs, MILOBs and military advisers may be deployed in the absence of formed military contingents. Depending on the particular context, the roles and responsibilities of military personnel in these settings may include the provision of technical advice on disarmament and transitional WAM (see section 5.3.3); and the building of bilateral relationships with non-UN military forces including national armies and regional peace support operations. Importantly, DDR practitioners shall ensure that all UN engagement with non-UN security forces be undertaken in accordance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on UN Support to Non-UN Security Forces.In non-mission settings, national and international military personnel can be invited to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. The roles and responsibilities of these military personnel may be similar to those played by UN military personnel in mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":705, "Sentence":"In SPMs, MILOBs and military advisers may be deployed in the absence of formed military contingents.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities spms milobs military adviser may deployed absence formed military contingent ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. Special political missions and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In SPMs, MILOBs and military advisers may be deployed in the absence of formed military contingents. Depending on the particular context, the roles and responsibilities of military personnel in these settings may include the provision of technical advice on disarmament and transitional WAM (see section 5.3.3); and the building of bilateral relationships with non-UN military forces including national armies and regional peace support operations. Importantly, DDR practitioners shall ensure that all UN engagement with non-UN security forces be undertaken in accordance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on UN Support to Non-UN Security Forces.In non-mission settings, national and international military personnel can be invited to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. The roles and responsibilities of these military personnel may be similar to those played by UN military personnel in mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":705, "Sentence":"Depending on the particular context, the roles and responsibilities of military personnel in these settings may include the provision of technical advice on disarmament and transitional WAM (see section 5.3.3); and the building of bilateral relationships with non-UN military forces including national armies and regional peace support operations.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities depending particular context role responsibility military personnel setting may include provision technical advice disarmament transitional wam see section 5.3.3 building bilateral relationship nonun military force including national army regional peace support operation ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. Special political missions and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In SPMs, MILOBs and military advisers may be deployed in the absence of formed military contingents. Depending on the particular context, the roles and responsibilities of military personnel in these settings may include the provision of technical advice on disarmament and transitional WAM (see section 5.3.3); and the building of bilateral relationships with non-UN military forces including national armies and regional peace support operations. Importantly, DDR practitioners shall ensure that all UN engagement with non-UN security forces be undertaken in accordance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on UN Support to Non-UN Security Forces.In non-mission settings, national and international military personnel can be invited to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. The roles and responsibilities of these military personnel may be similar to those played by UN military personnel in mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":705, "Sentence":"Importantly, DDR practitioners shall ensure that all UN engagement with non-UN security forces be undertaken in accordance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on UN Support to Non-UN Security Forces.In non-mission settings, national and international military personnel can be invited to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities importantly ddr practitioner shall ensure un engagement nonun security force undertaken accordance united nation human right due diligence policy un support nonun security forces.in nonmission setting national international military personnel invited support ddr process either part national armed force part joint military team formed bilateral military cooperation ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. Special political missions and non-mission settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In SPMs, MILOBs and military advisers may be deployed in the absence of formed military contingents. Depending on the particular context, the roles and responsibilities of military personnel in these settings may include the provision of technical advice on disarmament and transitional WAM (see section 5.3.3); and the building of bilateral relationships with non-UN military forces including national armies and regional peace support operations. Importantly, DDR practitioners shall ensure that all UN engagement with non-UN security forces be undertaken in accordance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on UN Support to Non-UN Security Forces.In non-mission settings, national and international military personnel can be invited to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. The roles and responsibilities of these military personnel may be similar to those played by UN military personnel in mission settings.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":705, "Sentence":"The roles and responsibilities of these military personnel may be similar to those played by UN military personnel in mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities role responsibility military personnel may similar played un military personnel mission setting ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR and security sector reform", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR may be closely linked to security sector reform (SSR) in a peace agreement. This agreement may stipulate that vetted former members of armed forces and groups are to be integrated into the national armed forces, police, gendarmerie or other uniformed services. In some DDR-SSR processes, the reform of the security sector may also lead to the discharge of members of the armed forces for reintegration into civilian life. Dependant on the DDR-SSR agreement in place, these individuals can be given the option of benefiting from reintegration support.The modalities of integration into the security sector can be outlined in technical agreements and\/or in protocols on defence and security. National legislation regulating the security sector may also need to be adjusted through the passage of laws and decrees in line with the peace agreement. At a minimum, the institutional and legal framework for SSR shall provide: \\n An agreement on the number of former members of armed groups for integration into the security sector; \\n Clear vetting criteria, in particular a process shall be in place to ensure that individuals who have committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, terrorist offences or human rights violations are not eligible for integration; in addition, due diligence measures shall be taken to ensure that children are not recruited into the military; \\n A clear framework to establish a policy and ensure implementation of appropriate training on relevant legal and regulatory instruments applicable to the security sector, including a code of conduct; \\n A clear and transparent policy for rank harmonization.DDR planning and management should be closely linked to SSR planning and management. Although international engagement with SSR is often provided through bilateral cooperation agreements, between the State carrying out SSR and the State(s) providing support, UN entities may provide SSR support upon request of the parties concerned, including by participating in reviews that lead to the rightsizing of the security sector in conflict-affected countries. Military personnel supporting DDR processes may also engage with external actors in order to contribute to coherent and interconnected DDR and SSR efforts, and may provide tactical, strategic and operational advice on the reform of the armed forces.For further information on vetting and the integration of armed forces and groups in the security sector, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":706, "Sentence":"DDR may be closely linked to security sector reform (SSR) in a peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities ddr may closely linked security sector reform ssr peace agreement ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR and security sector reform", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR may be closely linked to security sector reform (SSR) in a peace agreement. This agreement may stipulate that vetted former members of armed forces and groups are to be integrated into the national armed forces, police, gendarmerie or other uniformed services. In some DDR-SSR processes, the reform of the security sector may also lead to the discharge of members of the armed forces for reintegration into civilian life. Dependant on the DDR-SSR agreement in place, these individuals can be given the option of benefiting from reintegration support.The modalities of integration into the security sector can be outlined in technical agreements and\/or in protocols on defence and security. National legislation regulating the security sector may also need to be adjusted through the passage of laws and decrees in line with the peace agreement. At a minimum, the institutional and legal framework for SSR shall provide: \\n An agreement on the number of former members of armed groups for integration into the security sector; \\n Clear vetting criteria, in particular a process shall be in place to ensure that individuals who have committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, terrorist offences or human rights violations are not eligible for integration; in addition, due diligence measures shall be taken to ensure that children are not recruited into the military; \\n A clear framework to establish a policy and ensure implementation of appropriate training on relevant legal and regulatory instruments applicable to the security sector, including a code of conduct; \\n A clear and transparent policy for rank harmonization.DDR planning and management should be closely linked to SSR planning and management. Although international engagement with SSR is often provided through bilateral cooperation agreements, between the State carrying out SSR and the State(s) providing support, UN entities may provide SSR support upon request of the parties concerned, including by participating in reviews that lead to the rightsizing of the security sector in conflict-affected countries. Military personnel supporting DDR processes may also engage with external actors in order to contribute to coherent and interconnected DDR and SSR efforts, and may provide tactical, strategic and operational advice on the reform of the armed forces.For further information on vetting and the integration of armed forces and groups in the security sector, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":706, "Sentence":"This agreement may stipulate that vetted former members of armed forces and groups are to be integrated into the national armed forces, police, gendarmerie or other uniformed services.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities agreement may stipulate vetted former member armed force group integrated national armed force police gendarmerie uniformed service ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR and security sector reform", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR may be closely linked to security sector reform (SSR) in a peace agreement. This agreement may stipulate that vetted former members of armed forces and groups are to be integrated into the national armed forces, police, gendarmerie or other uniformed services. In some DDR-SSR processes, the reform of the security sector may also lead to the discharge of members of the armed forces for reintegration into civilian life. Dependant on the DDR-SSR agreement in place, these individuals can be given the option of benefiting from reintegration support.The modalities of integration into the security sector can be outlined in technical agreements and\/or in protocols on defence and security. National legislation regulating the security sector may also need to be adjusted through the passage of laws and decrees in line with the peace agreement. At a minimum, the institutional and legal framework for SSR shall provide: \\n An agreement on the number of former members of armed groups for integration into the security sector; \\n Clear vetting criteria, in particular a process shall be in place to ensure that individuals who have committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, terrorist offences or human rights violations are not eligible for integration; in addition, due diligence measures shall be taken to ensure that children are not recruited into the military; \\n A clear framework to establish a policy and ensure implementation of appropriate training on relevant legal and regulatory instruments applicable to the security sector, including a code of conduct; \\n A clear and transparent policy for rank harmonization.DDR planning and management should be closely linked to SSR planning and management. Although international engagement with SSR is often provided through bilateral cooperation agreements, between the State carrying out SSR and the State(s) providing support, UN entities may provide SSR support upon request of the parties concerned, including by participating in reviews that lead to the rightsizing of the security sector in conflict-affected countries. Military personnel supporting DDR processes may also engage with external actors in order to contribute to coherent and interconnected DDR and SSR efforts, and may provide tactical, strategic and operational advice on the reform of the armed forces.For further information on vetting and the integration of armed forces and groups in the security sector, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":706, "Sentence":"In some DDR-SSR processes, the reform of the security sector may also lead to the discharge of members of the armed forces for reintegration into civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities ddrssr process reform security sector may also lead discharge member armed force reintegration civilian life ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR and security sector reform", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR may be closely linked to security sector reform (SSR) in a peace agreement. This agreement may stipulate that vetted former members of armed forces and groups are to be integrated into the national armed forces, police, gendarmerie or other uniformed services. In some DDR-SSR processes, the reform of the security sector may also lead to the discharge of members of the armed forces for reintegration into civilian life. Dependant on the DDR-SSR agreement in place, these individuals can be given the option of benefiting from reintegration support.The modalities of integration into the security sector can be outlined in technical agreements and\/or in protocols on defence and security. National legislation regulating the security sector may also need to be adjusted through the passage of laws and decrees in line with the peace agreement. At a minimum, the institutional and legal framework for SSR shall provide: \\n An agreement on the number of former members of armed groups for integration into the security sector; \\n Clear vetting criteria, in particular a process shall be in place to ensure that individuals who have committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, terrorist offences or human rights violations are not eligible for integration; in addition, due diligence measures shall be taken to ensure that children are not recruited into the military; \\n A clear framework to establish a policy and ensure implementation of appropriate training on relevant legal and regulatory instruments applicable to the security sector, including a code of conduct; \\n A clear and transparent policy for rank harmonization.DDR planning and management should be closely linked to SSR planning and management. Although international engagement with SSR is often provided through bilateral cooperation agreements, between the State carrying out SSR and the State(s) providing support, UN entities may provide SSR support upon request of the parties concerned, including by participating in reviews that lead to the rightsizing of the security sector in conflict-affected countries. Military personnel supporting DDR processes may also engage with external actors in order to contribute to coherent and interconnected DDR and SSR efforts, and may provide tactical, strategic and operational advice on the reform of the armed forces.For further information on vetting and the integration of armed forces and groups in the security sector, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":706, "Sentence":"Dependant on the DDR-SSR agreement in place, these individuals can be given the option of benefiting from reintegration support.The modalities of integration into the security sector can be outlined in technical agreements and\/or in protocols on defence and security.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities dependant ddrssr agreement place individual given option benefiting reintegration support.the modality integration security sector outlined technical agreement and\/or protocol defence security ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR and security sector reform", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR may be closely linked to security sector reform (SSR) in a peace agreement. This agreement may stipulate that vetted former members of armed forces and groups are to be integrated into the national armed forces, police, gendarmerie or other uniformed services. In some DDR-SSR processes, the reform of the security sector may also lead to the discharge of members of the armed forces for reintegration into civilian life. Dependant on the DDR-SSR agreement in place, these individuals can be given the option of benefiting from reintegration support.The modalities of integration into the security sector can be outlined in technical agreements and\/or in protocols on defence and security. National legislation regulating the security sector may also need to be adjusted through the passage of laws and decrees in line with the peace agreement. At a minimum, the institutional and legal framework for SSR shall provide: \\n An agreement on the number of former members of armed groups for integration into the security sector; \\n Clear vetting criteria, in particular a process shall be in place to ensure that individuals who have committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, terrorist offences or human rights violations are not eligible for integration; in addition, due diligence measures shall be taken to ensure that children are not recruited into the military; \\n A clear framework to establish a policy and ensure implementation of appropriate training on relevant legal and regulatory instruments applicable to the security sector, including a code of conduct; \\n A clear and transparent policy for rank harmonization.DDR planning and management should be closely linked to SSR planning and management. Although international engagement with SSR is often provided through bilateral cooperation agreements, between the State carrying out SSR and the State(s) providing support, UN entities may provide SSR support upon request of the parties concerned, including by participating in reviews that lead to the rightsizing of the security sector in conflict-affected countries. Military personnel supporting DDR processes may also engage with external actors in order to contribute to coherent and interconnected DDR and SSR efforts, and may provide tactical, strategic and operational advice on the reform of the armed forces.For further information on vetting and the integration of armed forces and groups in the security sector, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":706, "Sentence":"National legislation regulating the security sector may also need to be adjusted through the passage of laws and decrees in line with the peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities national legislation regulating security sector may also need adjusted passage law decree line peace agreement ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR and security sector reform", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR may be closely linked to security sector reform (SSR) in a peace agreement. This agreement may stipulate that vetted former members of armed forces and groups are to be integrated into the national armed forces, police, gendarmerie or other uniformed services. In some DDR-SSR processes, the reform of the security sector may also lead to the discharge of members of the armed forces for reintegration into civilian life. Dependant on the DDR-SSR agreement in place, these individuals can be given the option of benefiting from reintegration support.The modalities of integration into the security sector can be outlined in technical agreements and\/or in protocols on defence and security. National legislation regulating the security sector may also need to be adjusted through the passage of laws and decrees in line with the peace agreement. At a minimum, the institutional and legal framework for SSR shall provide: \\n An agreement on the number of former members of armed groups for integration into the security sector; \\n Clear vetting criteria, in particular a process shall be in place to ensure that individuals who have committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, terrorist offences or human rights violations are not eligible for integration; in addition, due diligence measures shall be taken to ensure that children are not recruited into the military; \\n A clear framework to establish a policy and ensure implementation of appropriate training on relevant legal and regulatory instruments applicable to the security sector, including a code of conduct; \\n A clear and transparent policy for rank harmonization.DDR planning and management should be closely linked to SSR planning and management. Although international engagement with SSR is often provided through bilateral cooperation agreements, between the State carrying out SSR and the State(s) providing support, UN entities may provide SSR support upon request of the parties concerned, including by participating in reviews that lead to the rightsizing of the security sector in conflict-affected countries. Military personnel supporting DDR processes may also engage with external actors in order to contribute to coherent and interconnected DDR and SSR efforts, and may provide tactical, strategic and operational advice on the reform of the armed forces.For further information on vetting and the integration of armed forces and groups in the security sector, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":706, "Sentence":"At a minimum, the institutional and legal framework for SSR shall provide: \\n An agreement on the number of former members of armed groups for integration into the security sector; \\n Clear vetting criteria, in particular a process shall be in place to ensure that individuals who have committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, terrorist offences or human rights violations are not eligible for integration; in addition, due diligence measures shall be taken to ensure that children are not recruited into the military; \\n A clear framework to establish a policy and ensure implementation of appropriate training on relevant legal and regulatory instruments applicable to the security sector, including a code of conduct; \\n A clear and transparent policy for rank harmonization.DDR planning and management should be closely linked to SSR planning and management.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities minimum institutional legal framework ssr shall provide n agreement number former member armed group integration security sector n clear vetting criterion particular process shall place ensure individual committed war crime crime humanity genocide terrorist offence human right violation eligible integration addition due diligence measure shall taken ensure child recruited military n clear framework establish policy ensure implementation appropriate training relevant legal regulatory instrument applicable security sector including code conduct n clear transparent policy rank harmonization.ddr planning management closely linked ssr planning management ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR and security sector reform", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR may be closely linked to security sector reform (SSR) in a peace agreement. This agreement may stipulate that vetted former members of armed forces and groups are to be integrated into the national armed forces, police, gendarmerie or other uniformed services. In some DDR-SSR processes, the reform of the security sector may also lead to the discharge of members of the armed forces for reintegration into civilian life. Dependant on the DDR-SSR agreement in place, these individuals can be given the option of benefiting from reintegration support.The modalities of integration into the security sector can be outlined in technical agreements and\/or in protocols on defence and security. National legislation regulating the security sector may also need to be adjusted through the passage of laws and decrees in line with the peace agreement. At a minimum, the institutional and legal framework for SSR shall provide: \\n An agreement on the number of former members of armed groups for integration into the security sector; \\n Clear vetting criteria, in particular a process shall be in place to ensure that individuals who have committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, terrorist offences or human rights violations are not eligible for integration; in addition, due diligence measures shall be taken to ensure that children are not recruited into the military; \\n A clear framework to establish a policy and ensure implementation of appropriate training on relevant legal and regulatory instruments applicable to the security sector, including a code of conduct; \\n A clear and transparent policy for rank harmonization.DDR planning and management should be closely linked to SSR planning and management. Although international engagement with SSR is often provided through bilateral cooperation agreements, between the State carrying out SSR and the State(s) providing support, UN entities may provide SSR support upon request of the parties concerned, including by participating in reviews that lead to the rightsizing of the security sector in conflict-affected countries. Military personnel supporting DDR processes may also engage with external actors in order to contribute to coherent and interconnected DDR and SSR efforts, and may provide tactical, strategic and operational advice on the reform of the armed forces.For further information on vetting and the integration of armed forces and groups in the security sector, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":706, "Sentence":"Although international engagement with SSR is often provided through bilateral cooperation agreements, between the State carrying out SSR and the State(s) providing support, UN entities may provide SSR support upon request of the parties concerned, including by participating in reviews that lead to the rightsizing of the security sector in conflict-affected countries.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities although international engagement ssr often provided bilateral cooperation agreement state carrying ssr state providing support un entity may provide ssr support upon request party concerned including participating review lead rightsizing security sector conflictaffected country ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR and security sector reform", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR may be closely linked to security sector reform (SSR) in a peace agreement. This agreement may stipulate that vetted former members of armed forces and groups are to be integrated into the national armed forces, police, gendarmerie or other uniformed services. In some DDR-SSR processes, the reform of the security sector may also lead to the discharge of members of the armed forces for reintegration into civilian life. Dependant on the DDR-SSR agreement in place, these individuals can be given the option of benefiting from reintegration support.The modalities of integration into the security sector can be outlined in technical agreements and\/or in protocols on defence and security. National legislation regulating the security sector may also need to be adjusted through the passage of laws and decrees in line with the peace agreement. At a minimum, the institutional and legal framework for SSR shall provide: \\n An agreement on the number of former members of armed groups for integration into the security sector; \\n Clear vetting criteria, in particular a process shall be in place to ensure that individuals who have committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, terrorist offences or human rights violations are not eligible for integration; in addition, due diligence measures shall be taken to ensure that children are not recruited into the military; \\n A clear framework to establish a policy and ensure implementation of appropriate training on relevant legal and regulatory instruments applicable to the security sector, including a code of conduct; \\n A clear and transparent policy for rank harmonization.DDR planning and management should be closely linked to SSR planning and management. Although international engagement with SSR is often provided through bilateral cooperation agreements, between the State carrying out SSR and the State(s) providing support, UN entities may provide SSR support upon request of the parties concerned, including by participating in reviews that lead to the rightsizing of the security sector in conflict-affected countries. Military personnel supporting DDR processes may also engage with external actors in order to contribute to coherent and interconnected DDR and SSR efforts, and may provide tactical, strategic and operational advice on the reform of the armed forces.For further information on vetting and the integration of armed forces and groups in the security sector, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":706, "Sentence":"Military personnel supporting DDR processes may also engage with external actors in order to contribute to coherent and interconnected DDR and SSR efforts, and may provide tactical, strategic and operational advice on the reform of the armed forces.For further information on vetting and the integration of armed forces and groups in the security sector, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military personnel supporting ddr process may also engage external actor order contribute coherent interconnected ddr ssr effort may provide tactical strategic operational advice reform armed forces.for information vetting integration armed force group security sector see iddrs 6.10 ddr security sector reform ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"8. DDR training requirements for military personnel", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Military components and personnel must be adequately trained. In General Assembly Resolution A\/RES\/49\/37 (1995), Member States recognized their responsibility for the training of uniformed personnel for UN peacekeeping operations and requested the Secretary-General to develop relevant training materials and establish a range of measures to assist Member States. In 2007, the Integrated Training Service was created as the centre responsible for peacekeeping training. The Peacekeeping Resource Hub was also launched in order to disseminate peacekeeping guidance and training materials to Member States, peacekeeping training institutes and other partners. A number of trainings institutions, including peacekeeping training centers, offer annual DDR training courses for both civilian and military personnel. DDR practitioners should plan and budget for the participation of civilian and military personnel in DDR training courses.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":707, "Sentence":"Military components and personnel must be adequately trained.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities military component personnel must adequately trained ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"8. DDR training requirements for military personnel", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Military components and personnel must be adequately trained. In General Assembly Resolution A\/RES\/49\/37 (1995), Member States recognized their responsibility for the training of uniformed personnel for UN peacekeeping operations and requested the Secretary-General to develop relevant training materials and establish a range of measures to assist Member States. In 2007, the Integrated Training Service was created as the centre responsible for peacekeeping training. The Peacekeeping Resource Hub was also launched in order to disseminate peacekeeping guidance and training materials to Member States, peacekeeping training institutes and other partners. A number of trainings institutions, including peacekeeping training centers, offer annual DDR training courses for both civilian and military personnel. DDR practitioners should plan and budget for the participation of civilian and military personnel in DDR training courses.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":707, "Sentence":"In General Assembly Resolution A\/RES\/49\/37 (1995), Member States recognized their responsibility for the training of uniformed personnel for UN peacekeeping operations and requested the Secretary-General to develop relevant training materials and establish a range of measures to assist Member States.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities general assembly resolution a\/res\/49\/37 1995 member state recognized responsibility training uniformed personnel un peacekeeping operation requested secretarygeneral develop relevant training material establish range measure assist member state ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"8. DDR training requirements for military personnel", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Military components and personnel must be adequately trained. In General Assembly Resolution A\/RES\/49\/37 (1995), Member States recognized their responsibility for the training of uniformed personnel for UN peacekeeping operations and requested the Secretary-General to develop relevant training materials and establish a range of measures to assist Member States. In 2007, the Integrated Training Service was created as the centre responsible for peacekeeping training. The Peacekeeping Resource Hub was also launched in order to disseminate peacekeeping guidance and training materials to Member States, peacekeeping training institutes and other partners. A number of trainings institutions, including peacekeeping training centers, offer annual DDR training courses for both civilian and military personnel. DDR practitioners should plan and budget for the participation of civilian and military personnel in DDR training courses.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":707, "Sentence":"In 2007, the Integrated Training Service was created as the centre responsible for peacekeeping training.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities 2007 integrated training service created centre responsible peacekeeping training ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"8. DDR training requirements for military personnel", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Military components and personnel must be adequately trained. In General Assembly Resolution A\/RES\/49\/37 (1995), Member States recognized their responsibility for the training of uniformed personnel for UN peacekeeping operations and requested the Secretary-General to develop relevant training materials and establish a range of measures to assist Member States. In 2007, the Integrated Training Service was created as the centre responsible for peacekeeping training. The Peacekeeping Resource Hub was also launched in order to disseminate peacekeeping guidance and training materials to Member States, peacekeeping training institutes and other partners. A number of trainings institutions, including peacekeeping training centers, offer annual DDR training courses for both civilian and military personnel. DDR practitioners should plan and budget for the participation of civilian and military personnel in DDR training courses.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":707, "Sentence":"The Peacekeeping Resource Hub was also launched in order to disseminate peacekeeping guidance and training materials to Member States, peacekeeping training institutes and other partners.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities peacekeeping resource hub also launched order disseminate peacekeeping guidance training material member state peacekeeping training institute partner ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"8. DDR training requirements for military personnel", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Military components and personnel must be adequately trained. In General Assembly Resolution A\/RES\/49\/37 (1995), Member States recognized their responsibility for the training of uniformed personnel for UN peacekeeping operations and requested the Secretary-General to develop relevant training materials and establish a range of measures to assist Member States. In 2007, the Integrated Training Service was created as the centre responsible for peacekeeping training. The Peacekeeping Resource Hub was also launched in order to disseminate peacekeeping guidance and training materials to Member States, peacekeeping training institutes and other partners. A number of trainings institutions, including peacekeeping training centers, offer annual DDR training courses for both civilian and military personnel. DDR practitioners should plan and budget for the participation of civilian and military personnel in DDR training courses.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":707, "Sentence":"A number of trainings institutions, including peacekeeping training centers, offer annual DDR training courses for both civilian and military personnel.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities number training institution including peacekeeping training center offer annual ddr training course civilian military personnel ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"8. DDR training requirements for military personnel", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Military components and personnel must be adequately trained. In General Assembly Resolution A\/RES\/49\/37 (1995), Member States recognized their responsibility for the training of uniformed personnel for UN peacekeeping operations and requested the Secretary-General to develop relevant training materials and establish a range of measures to assist Member States. In 2007, the Integrated Training Service was created as the centre responsible for peacekeeping training. The Peacekeeping Resource Hub was also launched in order to disseminate peacekeeping guidance and training materials to Member States, peacekeeping training institutes and other partners. A number of trainings institutions, including peacekeeping training centers, offer annual DDR training courses for both civilian and military personnel. DDR practitioners should plan and budget for the participation of civilian and military personnel in DDR training courses.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":707, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should plan and budget for the participation of civilian and military personnel in DDR training courses.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities ddr practitioner plan budget participation civilian military personnel ddr training course ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Good offices engagements may vary and will not necessarily include MILOBS or military advisers. \\n 2 See http:\/\/dag.un.org\/handle\/11176\/400883 \\n 3 See https:\/\/elearning.un.org\/CONT\/GEN\/CS\/UNHR_V3\/Module_01\/story_content\/external_files\/4.11_HRDDP%20Guidance%20Note% 202015.pdf", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":708, "Sentence":"\\n 1 Good offices engagements may vary and will not necessarily include MILOBS or military advisers.", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities n 1 good office engagement may vary necessarily include milobs military adviser ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.40-UN-Military-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Good offices engagements may vary and will not necessarily include MILOBS or military advisers. \\n 2 See http:\/\/dag.un.org\/handle\/11176\/400883 \\n 3 See https:\/\/elearning.un.org\/CONT\/GEN\/CS\/UNHR_V3\/Module_01\/story_content\/external_files\/4.11_HRDDP%20Guidance%20Note% 202015.pdf", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":708, "Sentence":"\\n 2 See http:\/\/dag.un.org\/handle\/11176\/400883 \\n 3 See https:\/\/elearning.un.org\/CONT\/GEN\/CS\/UNHR_V3\/Module_01\/story_content\/external_files\/4.11_HRDDP%20Guidance%20Note% 202015.pdf", "ProcessedSent":"UN Military Roles and Responsibilities n 2 see http\/\/dag.un.org\/handle\/11176\/400883 n 3 see https\/\/elearning.un.org\/cont\/gen\/cs\/unhrv3\/module01\/storycontent\/externalfiles\/4.11hrddp20guidance20note 202015.pdf" }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is the act of reducing or eliminating access to weapons. It is usually regarded as the first step in a DDR programme. This voluntary handover of weapons, ammunition and explosives is a highly symbolic act in sealing the end of armed conflict, and in concluding an individual\u2019s active role as a combatant. Disarmament is also essential to developing and maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place and can play an important role in crime prevention.Disarmament operations are increasingly implemented in contexts characterized by acute armed violence, complex and varied armed forces and groups, and the prevalence of a wide range of weaponry and explosives.This module provides the guidance necessary to effectively plan and implement disarmament operations within DDR programmes and to ensure that these operations contribute to the establishment of an environment conducive to inclusive political transition and sustainable peace.The disarmament component of a DDR programme is usually broken down into four main phases: (1) operational planning, (2) weapons collection operations, (3) stockpile management, and (4) disposal of collected materiel. This module provides technical and programmatic guidance for each phase to ensure that activities are evidence-based, coherent, effective, gender-responsive and as safe as possible.The handling of weapons, ammunition and explosives comes with significant risks. Therefore, the guidance provided within this module is based on the Modular Small-Arms Control Implementation Compendium (MOSAIC)1 and the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines (IATG).2 Additional documents containing norms, standards and guidelines relevant to this module can be found in Annex B.Disarmament operations must take the regional and sub-regional context into consideration, as well as applicable legal frameworks. All disarmament operations must also be designed and implemented in an inclusive and gender responsive manner. Disarmament carried out within a DDR programme is only one aspect of broader DDR arms control activities and of the national arms control management system (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). DDR programmes should therefore be designed to reinforce security nationwide and be planned in coordination with wider peacebuilding and recovery efforts.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":709, "Sentence":"Disarmament is the act of reducing or eliminating access to weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament disarmament act reducing eliminating access weapon ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is the act of reducing or eliminating access to weapons. It is usually regarded as the first step in a DDR programme. This voluntary handover of weapons, ammunition and explosives is a highly symbolic act in sealing the end of armed conflict, and in concluding an individual\u2019s active role as a combatant. Disarmament is also essential to developing and maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place and can play an important role in crime prevention.Disarmament operations are increasingly implemented in contexts characterized by acute armed violence, complex and varied armed forces and groups, and the prevalence of a wide range of weaponry and explosives.This module provides the guidance necessary to effectively plan and implement disarmament operations within DDR programmes and to ensure that these operations contribute to the establishment of an environment conducive to inclusive political transition and sustainable peace.The disarmament component of a DDR programme is usually broken down into four main phases: (1) operational planning, (2) weapons collection operations, (3) stockpile management, and (4) disposal of collected materiel. This module provides technical and programmatic guidance for each phase to ensure that activities are evidence-based, coherent, effective, gender-responsive and as safe as possible.The handling of weapons, ammunition and explosives comes with significant risks. Therefore, the guidance provided within this module is based on the Modular Small-Arms Control Implementation Compendium (MOSAIC)1 and the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines (IATG).2 Additional documents containing norms, standards and guidelines relevant to this module can be found in Annex B.Disarmament operations must take the regional and sub-regional context into consideration, as well as applicable legal frameworks. All disarmament operations must also be designed and implemented in an inclusive and gender responsive manner. Disarmament carried out within a DDR programme is only one aspect of broader DDR arms control activities and of the national arms control management system (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). DDR programmes should therefore be designed to reinforce security nationwide and be planned in coordination with wider peacebuilding and recovery efforts.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":709, "Sentence":"It is usually regarded as the first step in a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament usually regarded first step ddr programme ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is the act of reducing or eliminating access to weapons. It is usually regarded as the first step in a DDR programme. This voluntary handover of weapons, ammunition and explosives is a highly symbolic act in sealing the end of armed conflict, and in concluding an individual\u2019s active role as a combatant. Disarmament is also essential to developing and maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place and can play an important role in crime prevention.Disarmament operations are increasingly implemented in contexts characterized by acute armed violence, complex and varied armed forces and groups, and the prevalence of a wide range of weaponry and explosives.This module provides the guidance necessary to effectively plan and implement disarmament operations within DDR programmes and to ensure that these operations contribute to the establishment of an environment conducive to inclusive political transition and sustainable peace.The disarmament component of a DDR programme is usually broken down into four main phases: (1) operational planning, (2) weapons collection operations, (3) stockpile management, and (4) disposal of collected materiel. This module provides technical and programmatic guidance for each phase to ensure that activities are evidence-based, coherent, effective, gender-responsive and as safe as possible.The handling of weapons, ammunition and explosives comes with significant risks. Therefore, the guidance provided within this module is based on the Modular Small-Arms Control Implementation Compendium (MOSAIC)1 and the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines (IATG).2 Additional documents containing norms, standards and guidelines relevant to this module can be found in Annex B.Disarmament operations must take the regional and sub-regional context into consideration, as well as applicable legal frameworks. All disarmament operations must also be designed and implemented in an inclusive and gender responsive manner. Disarmament carried out within a DDR programme is only one aspect of broader DDR arms control activities and of the national arms control management system (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). DDR programmes should therefore be designed to reinforce security nationwide and be planned in coordination with wider peacebuilding and recovery efforts.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":709, "Sentence":"This voluntary handover of weapons, ammunition and explosives is a highly symbolic act in sealing the end of armed conflict, and in concluding an individual\u2019s active role as a combatant.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament voluntary handover weapon ammunition explosive highly symbolic act sealing end armed conflict concluding individual \u2019 active role combatant ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is the act of reducing or eliminating access to weapons. It is usually regarded as the first step in a DDR programme. This voluntary handover of weapons, ammunition and explosives is a highly symbolic act in sealing the end of armed conflict, and in concluding an individual\u2019s active role as a combatant. Disarmament is also essential to developing and maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place and can play an important role in crime prevention.Disarmament operations are increasingly implemented in contexts characterized by acute armed violence, complex and varied armed forces and groups, and the prevalence of a wide range of weaponry and explosives.This module provides the guidance necessary to effectively plan and implement disarmament operations within DDR programmes and to ensure that these operations contribute to the establishment of an environment conducive to inclusive political transition and sustainable peace.The disarmament component of a DDR programme is usually broken down into four main phases: (1) operational planning, (2) weapons collection operations, (3) stockpile management, and (4) disposal of collected materiel. This module provides technical and programmatic guidance for each phase to ensure that activities are evidence-based, coherent, effective, gender-responsive and as safe as possible.The handling of weapons, ammunition and explosives comes with significant risks. Therefore, the guidance provided within this module is based on the Modular Small-Arms Control Implementation Compendium (MOSAIC)1 and the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines (IATG).2 Additional documents containing norms, standards and guidelines relevant to this module can be found in Annex B.Disarmament operations must take the regional and sub-regional context into consideration, as well as applicable legal frameworks. All disarmament operations must also be designed and implemented in an inclusive and gender responsive manner. Disarmament carried out within a DDR programme is only one aspect of broader DDR arms control activities and of the national arms control management system (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). DDR programmes should therefore be designed to reinforce security nationwide and be planned in coordination with wider peacebuilding and recovery efforts.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":709, "Sentence":"Disarmament is also essential to developing and maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place and can play an important role in crime prevention.Disarmament operations are increasingly implemented in contexts characterized by acute armed violence, complex and varied armed forces and groups, and the prevalence of a wide range of weaponry and explosives.This module provides the guidance necessary to effectively plan and implement disarmament operations within DDR programmes and to ensure that these operations contribute to the establishment of an environment conducive to inclusive political transition and sustainable peace.The disarmament component of a DDR programme is usually broken down into four main phases: (1) operational planning, (2) weapons collection operations, (3) stockpile management, and (4) disposal of collected materiel.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament disarmament also essential developing maintaining secure environment demobilization reintegration take place play important role crime prevention.disarmament operation increasingly implemented context characterized acute armed violence complex varied armed force group prevalence wide range weaponry explosives.this module provides guidance necessary effectively plan implement disarmament operation within ddr programme ensure operation contribute establishment environment conducive inclusive political transition sustainable peace.the disarmament component ddr programme usually broken four main phase 1 operational planning 2 weapon collection operation 3 stockpile management 4 disposal collected materiel ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is the act of reducing or eliminating access to weapons. It is usually regarded as the first step in a DDR programme. This voluntary handover of weapons, ammunition and explosives is a highly symbolic act in sealing the end of armed conflict, and in concluding an individual\u2019s active role as a combatant. Disarmament is also essential to developing and maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place and can play an important role in crime prevention.Disarmament operations are increasingly implemented in contexts characterized by acute armed violence, complex and varied armed forces and groups, and the prevalence of a wide range of weaponry and explosives.This module provides the guidance necessary to effectively plan and implement disarmament operations within DDR programmes and to ensure that these operations contribute to the establishment of an environment conducive to inclusive political transition and sustainable peace.The disarmament component of a DDR programme is usually broken down into four main phases: (1) operational planning, (2) weapons collection operations, (3) stockpile management, and (4) disposal of collected materiel. This module provides technical and programmatic guidance for each phase to ensure that activities are evidence-based, coherent, effective, gender-responsive and as safe as possible.The handling of weapons, ammunition and explosives comes with significant risks. Therefore, the guidance provided within this module is based on the Modular Small-Arms Control Implementation Compendium (MOSAIC)1 and the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines (IATG).2 Additional documents containing norms, standards and guidelines relevant to this module can be found in Annex B.Disarmament operations must take the regional and sub-regional context into consideration, as well as applicable legal frameworks. All disarmament operations must also be designed and implemented in an inclusive and gender responsive manner. Disarmament carried out within a DDR programme is only one aspect of broader DDR arms control activities and of the national arms control management system (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). DDR programmes should therefore be designed to reinforce security nationwide and be planned in coordination with wider peacebuilding and recovery efforts.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":709, "Sentence":"This module provides technical and programmatic guidance for each phase to ensure that activities are evidence-based, coherent, effective, gender-responsive and as safe as possible.The handling of weapons, ammunition and explosives comes with significant risks.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament module provides technical programmatic guidance phase ensure activity evidencebased coherent effective genderresponsive safe possible.the handling weapon ammunition explosive come significant risk ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is the act of reducing or eliminating access to weapons. It is usually regarded as the first step in a DDR programme. This voluntary handover of weapons, ammunition and explosives is a highly symbolic act in sealing the end of armed conflict, and in concluding an individual\u2019s active role as a combatant. Disarmament is also essential to developing and maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place and can play an important role in crime prevention.Disarmament operations are increasingly implemented in contexts characterized by acute armed violence, complex and varied armed forces and groups, and the prevalence of a wide range of weaponry and explosives.This module provides the guidance necessary to effectively plan and implement disarmament operations within DDR programmes and to ensure that these operations contribute to the establishment of an environment conducive to inclusive political transition and sustainable peace.The disarmament component of a DDR programme is usually broken down into four main phases: (1) operational planning, (2) weapons collection operations, (3) stockpile management, and (4) disposal of collected materiel. This module provides technical and programmatic guidance for each phase to ensure that activities are evidence-based, coherent, effective, gender-responsive and as safe as possible.The handling of weapons, ammunition and explosives comes with significant risks. Therefore, the guidance provided within this module is based on the Modular Small-Arms Control Implementation Compendium (MOSAIC)1 and the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines (IATG).2 Additional documents containing norms, standards and guidelines relevant to this module can be found in Annex B.Disarmament operations must take the regional and sub-regional context into consideration, as well as applicable legal frameworks. All disarmament operations must also be designed and implemented in an inclusive and gender responsive manner. Disarmament carried out within a DDR programme is only one aspect of broader DDR arms control activities and of the national arms control management system (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). DDR programmes should therefore be designed to reinforce security nationwide and be planned in coordination with wider peacebuilding and recovery efforts.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":709, "Sentence":"Therefore, the guidance provided within this module is based on the Modular Small-Arms Control Implementation Compendium (MOSAIC)1 and the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines (IATG).2 Additional documents containing norms, standards and guidelines relevant to this module can be found in Annex B.Disarmament operations must take the regional and sub-regional context into consideration, as well as applicable legal frameworks.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament therefore guidance provided within module based modular smallarms control implementation compendium mosaic1 international ammunition technical guideline iatg.2 additional document containing norm standard guideline relevant module found annex b.disarmament operation must take regional subregional context consideration well applicable legal framework ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is the act of reducing or eliminating access to weapons. It is usually regarded as the first step in a DDR programme. This voluntary handover of weapons, ammunition and explosives is a highly symbolic act in sealing the end of armed conflict, and in concluding an individual\u2019s active role as a combatant. Disarmament is also essential to developing and maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place and can play an important role in crime prevention.Disarmament operations are increasingly implemented in contexts characterized by acute armed violence, complex and varied armed forces and groups, and the prevalence of a wide range of weaponry and explosives.This module provides the guidance necessary to effectively plan and implement disarmament operations within DDR programmes and to ensure that these operations contribute to the establishment of an environment conducive to inclusive political transition and sustainable peace.The disarmament component of a DDR programme is usually broken down into four main phases: (1) operational planning, (2) weapons collection operations, (3) stockpile management, and (4) disposal of collected materiel. This module provides technical and programmatic guidance for each phase to ensure that activities are evidence-based, coherent, effective, gender-responsive and as safe as possible.The handling of weapons, ammunition and explosives comes with significant risks. Therefore, the guidance provided within this module is based on the Modular Small-Arms Control Implementation Compendium (MOSAIC)1 and the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines (IATG).2 Additional documents containing norms, standards and guidelines relevant to this module can be found in Annex B.Disarmament operations must take the regional and sub-regional context into consideration, as well as applicable legal frameworks. All disarmament operations must also be designed and implemented in an inclusive and gender responsive manner. Disarmament carried out within a DDR programme is only one aspect of broader DDR arms control activities and of the national arms control management system (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). DDR programmes should therefore be designed to reinforce security nationwide and be planned in coordination with wider peacebuilding and recovery efforts.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":709, "Sentence":"All disarmament operations must also be designed and implemented in an inclusive and gender responsive manner.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament disarmament operation must also designed implemented inclusive gender responsive manner ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is the act of reducing or eliminating access to weapons. It is usually regarded as the first step in a DDR programme. This voluntary handover of weapons, ammunition and explosives is a highly symbolic act in sealing the end of armed conflict, and in concluding an individual\u2019s active role as a combatant. Disarmament is also essential to developing and maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place and can play an important role in crime prevention.Disarmament operations are increasingly implemented in contexts characterized by acute armed violence, complex and varied armed forces and groups, and the prevalence of a wide range of weaponry and explosives.This module provides the guidance necessary to effectively plan and implement disarmament operations within DDR programmes and to ensure that these operations contribute to the establishment of an environment conducive to inclusive political transition and sustainable peace.The disarmament component of a DDR programme is usually broken down into four main phases: (1) operational planning, (2) weapons collection operations, (3) stockpile management, and (4) disposal of collected materiel. This module provides technical and programmatic guidance for each phase to ensure that activities are evidence-based, coherent, effective, gender-responsive and as safe as possible.The handling of weapons, ammunition and explosives comes with significant risks. Therefore, the guidance provided within this module is based on the Modular Small-Arms Control Implementation Compendium (MOSAIC)1 and the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines (IATG).2 Additional documents containing norms, standards and guidelines relevant to this module can be found in Annex B.Disarmament operations must take the regional and sub-regional context into consideration, as well as applicable legal frameworks. All disarmament operations must also be designed and implemented in an inclusive and gender responsive manner. Disarmament carried out within a DDR programme is only one aspect of broader DDR arms control activities and of the national arms control management system (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). DDR programmes should therefore be designed to reinforce security nationwide and be planned in coordination with wider peacebuilding and recovery efforts.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":709, "Sentence":"Disarmament carried out within a DDR programme is only one aspect of broader DDR arms control activities and of the national arms control management system (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament disarmament carried within ddr programme one aspect broader ddr arm control activity national arm control management system see iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammunition management ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is the act of reducing or eliminating access to weapons. It is usually regarded as the first step in a DDR programme. This voluntary handover of weapons, ammunition and explosives is a highly symbolic act in sealing the end of armed conflict, and in concluding an individual\u2019s active role as a combatant. Disarmament is also essential to developing and maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place and can play an important role in crime prevention.Disarmament operations are increasingly implemented in contexts characterized by acute armed violence, complex and varied armed forces and groups, and the prevalence of a wide range of weaponry and explosives.This module provides the guidance necessary to effectively plan and implement disarmament operations within DDR programmes and to ensure that these operations contribute to the establishment of an environment conducive to inclusive political transition and sustainable peace.The disarmament component of a DDR programme is usually broken down into four main phases: (1) operational planning, (2) weapons collection operations, (3) stockpile management, and (4) disposal of collected materiel. This module provides technical and programmatic guidance for each phase to ensure that activities are evidence-based, coherent, effective, gender-responsive and as safe as possible.The handling of weapons, ammunition and explosives comes with significant risks. Therefore, the guidance provided within this module is based on the Modular Small-Arms Control Implementation Compendium (MOSAIC)1 and the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines (IATG).2 Additional documents containing norms, standards and guidelines relevant to this module can be found in Annex B.Disarmament operations must take the regional and sub-regional context into consideration, as well as applicable legal frameworks. All disarmament operations must also be designed and implemented in an inclusive and gender responsive manner. Disarmament carried out within a DDR programme is only one aspect of broader DDR arms control activities and of the national arms control management system (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). DDR programmes should therefore be designed to reinforce security nationwide and be planned in coordination with wider peacebuilding and recovery efforts.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":709, "Sentence":"DDR programmes should therefore be designed to reinforce security nationwide and be planned in coordination with wider peacebuilding and recovery efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ddr programme therefore designed reinforce security nationwide planned coordination wider peacebuilding recovery effort ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes include two main arms control components: (a) disarmament as part of a DDR programme and (b) transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM). This module provides DDR practitioners with practical standards for the planning and implementation of the disarmament component of a DDR programme in contexts where the preconditions for such programmes are present. These preconditions include a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, sufficient trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional WAM in support of DDR processes is covered in IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management. The linkages between disarmament as part of a DDR programme and Security Sector Reform are covered in IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":710, "Sentence":"DDR processes include two main arms control components: (a) disarmament as part of a DDR programme and (b) transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ddr process include two main arm control component disarmament part ddr programme b transitional weapon ammunition management wam ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes include two main arms control components: (a) disarmament as part of a DDR programme and (b) transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM). This module provides DDR practitioners with practical standards for the planning and implementation of the disarmament component of a DDR programme in contexts where the preconditions for such programmes are present. These preconditions include a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, sufficient trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional WAM in support of DDR processes is covered in IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management. The linkages between disarmament as part of a DDR programme and Security Sector Reform are covered in IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":710, "Sentence":"This module provides DDR practitioners with practical standards for the planning and implementation of the disarmament component of a DDR programme in contexts where the preconditions for such programmes are present.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament module provides ddr practitioner practical standard planning implementation disarmament component ddr programme context precondition programme present ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes include two main arms control components: (a) disarmament as part of a DDR programme and (b) transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM). This module provides DDR practitioners with practical standards for the planning and implementation of the disarmament component of a DDR programme in contexts where the preconditions for such programmes are present. These preconditions include a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, sufficient trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional WAM in support of DDR processes is covered in IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management. The linkages between disarmament as part of a DDR programme and Security Sector Reform are covered in IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":710, "Sentence":"These preconditions include a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, sufficient trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament precondition include negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement sufficient trust peace process willingness party armed conflict engage ddr minimum guarantee security see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes include two main arms control components: (a) disarmament as part of a DDR programme and (b) transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM). This module provides DDR practitioners with practical standards for the planning and implementation of the disarmament component of a DDR programme in contexts where the preconditions for such programmes are present. These preconditions include a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, sufficient trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional WAM in support of DDR processes is covered in IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management. The linkages between disarmament as part of a DDR programme and Security Sector Reform are covered in IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":710, "Sentence":"Transitional WAM in support of DDR processes is covered in IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament transitional wam support ddr process covered iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammunition management ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes include two main arms control components: (a) disarmament as part of a DDR programme and (b) transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM). This module provides DDR practitioners with practical standards for the planning and implementation of the disarmament component of a DDR programme in contexts where the preconditions for such programmes are present. These preconditions include a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, sufficient trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional WAM in support of DDR processes is covered in IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management. The linkages between disarmament as part of a DDR programme and Security Sector Reform are covered in IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":710, "Sentence":"The linkages between disarmament as part of a DDR programme and Security Sector Reform are covered in IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament linkage disarmament part ddr programme security sector reform covered iddrs 6.10 ddr security sector reform ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament annex contains list abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament complete glossary term definition abbreviation used iddrs series given iddrs 1.20 ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament definition technical term related weapon ammunition taken mosaic iatg.in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament use consistent language used international organization standardization iso standard guideline ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"\\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action n \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability n e \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation.in context ddr disarmament refers collection documentation control disposal small arm ammunition explosive light heavy weapon combatant often also civilian population ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament disarmament also includes development responsible arm management programmes.the term \u2018 disarmament \u2019 sensitive ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament carry connotation surrender weapon forcibly removed powerful actor ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament depending contextual reality sensitivity well provision peace agreement alternative term \u2018 laying arm \u2019 \u2018 putting weapon beyond use \u2019 \u2018 weapon control \u2019 may employed.ammunition complete device e.g . missile shell mine demolition store charged explosive propellant pyrotechnic initiating composition nuclear biological chemical material use connection offence defence training nonoperational purpose including part weapon system containing explosives.deactivated weapon weapon rendered incapable expelling launching shot bullet missile projectile action explosive readily restored certified marked deactivated competent state authority.note 1 deactivation requires pressurebearing component weapon permanently altered way render weapon unusable ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament includes modification barrel bolt cylinder slide firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.demilitarization complete range process render weapon ammunition explosive unfit originally intended purpose ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament demilitarization involves final destruction process also includes transport storage accounting pre processing operation equally critical achieving final result.destruction rendering permanently inoperable weapon part component ammunition.disposal removal arm ammunition explosive stockpile utilization variety method may necessarily involve destruction ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament environmental concern considered selecting method use ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament six traditional method disposal used armed force around world 1 sale 2 gift 3 use training 4 deep sea dumping 5 land fill 6 destruction demilitarization.diversion movement \u2013 physical administrative otherwise \u2013 weapon and\/or part component ammunition legal illicit realm.explosive substance mixture substance external influence capable rapidly releasing energy form gas heat without undergoing nuclear chain reaction.explosive ordnance disposal eod detection identification evaluation rendering safe recovery final disposal unexploded explosive ordnance ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament note 1 may also include rendering safe and\/or disposal explosive ordnance become hazardous damage deterioration task beyond capability personnel normally assigned responsibility routine disposal ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament note 2 presence ammunition explosive disarmament operation inevitably requires degree eod response ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament level eod response dictated condition ammunition explosive level deterioration way local community handle them.firearms portable barreled weapon expels designed expel may readily converted expel shot bullet projectile action explosive excluding antique firearm replica ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament antique firearm replica shall defined accordance domestic law ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament case however shall antique firearm include firearm manufactured 1899.light weapon manportable lethal weapon designed use two three person serving crew although may carried used single person expels launch designed expel launch may readily converted expel launch shot bullet projectile action explosive ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament note 1 includes inter alia heavy machine gun handheld underbarrel mounted grenade launcher portable antiaircraft gun portable antitank gun recoilless rifle portable launcher anti tank missile rocket system portable launcher antiaircraft missile system mortar calibre le 100 millimetre well part component ammunition ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament note 2 excludes antique light weapon replicas.marking application permanent inscription weapon ammunition ammunition packaging permit identification.render safe procedure rsp application special explosive ordnance disposal method tool provide interruption function separation essential component prevent unacceptable detonation.safe move technical assessment appropriately qualified technician technical officer physical condition stability ammunition explosive prior proposed move ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ammunition explosive fail \u2018 safe move \u2019 inspection must destroyed situ i.e . place found qualified eod team acting advice control qualified technician technical officer conducted initial \u2018 safe move \u2019 inspection.small arm manportable lethal weapon designed individual use expels launch designed expel launch may readily converted expel launch shot bullet projectile action explosive ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament note 1 includes inter alia revolver selfloading pistol rifle carbine submachine gun assault rifle light machine gun well part component ammunition ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. Definitions of technical terms related to weapons and ammunition are taken from MOSAIC and the IATG.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines. \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.In the context of DDR, disarmament refers to the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes.The term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can be sensitive. It can carry connotations of surrender or of having weapons forcibly removed by a more powerful actor. Depending on the contextual realities and sensitivities, as well as the provisions of the peace agreement, alternative terms, such as \u2018laying down arms\u2019 or \u2018putting weapons beyond use\u2019 or \u2018weapons control\u2019, may be employed.Ammunition: A complete device (e.g., missile, shell, mine, demolition store) charged with explosives, propellants, pyrotechnics, initiating composition, or nuclear, biological or chemical material for use in connection with offence or defence, or training, or non-operational purposes, including those parts of weapons systems containing explosives.Deactivated weapon: A weapon that has been rendered incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated by a competent State authority.Note 1: Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable. This includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.Demilitarization: The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explosives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre- processing operations that are equally critical to achieving the final result.Destruction: The rendering as permanently inoperable weapons, their parts, components or ammunition.Disposal: The removal of arms, ammunition and explosives from a stockpile by the utilization of a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Environmental concerns should be considered when selecting which method to use. There are six traditional methods of disposal used by armed forces around the world: (1) sale, (2) gift, (3) use for training, (4) deep sea dumping, (5) land fill, and (6) destruction or demilitarization.Diversion: The movement \u2013 physical, administrative or otherwise \u2013 of a weapon and\/or its parts, components or ammunition from the legal to the illicit realm.Explosive: A substance or mixture of substances that, under external influences, is capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat, without undergoing a nuclear chain reaction.Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD): The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Note 1: It may also include the rendering safe and\/or disposal of explosive ordnance that has become hazardous through damage or deterioration, when such tasks are beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned responsibility for routine disposal. Note 2: The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations inevitably requires some degree of EOD response. The level of EOD response will be dictated by the condition of the ammunition or explosives, their level of deterioration and the way in which the local community handles them.Firearms: Any portable barreled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms of their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three persons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Marking: The application of permanent inscriptions on weapons, ammunition and ammunition packaging to permit their identification.Render safe procedure (RSP): The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.Safe to move: A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, they must be destroyed in situ (i.e., at the place where they are found) by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, revolvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":711, "Sentence":"Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.Stockpile: In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament note 2 excludes antique small arm replicas.stockpile context ddr term refers large accumulated stock weapon explosive ordnance ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is generally understood to be the act of reducing or eliminating arms and, as such, is applicable to all weapons systems, ammunition and explosives, including nuclear, chemical, biological, radiological and conventional systems. This module will focus only on conventional weapons systems and ammunition that are typically held by members of armed forces and groups dealt with during DDR programmes.When transitioning out of armed conflict, States may be vulnerable to conflict relapse, particularly if key conflict drivers, including the proliferation of arms and ammunition, remain unaddressed. Inclusive and effective arms control, and disarmament in particular, is critical to prevent and reduce armed conflict and crime and to support recovery and development, as reflected in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Security Council and General Assembly\u2019s 2016 resolutions on sustaining peace. National arms control management systems encompass more than just disarmament. Therefore, disarmament operations should be planned and conducted in coordination with, and in support of, other arms control and reduction measures, including SALW control (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).The disarmament component of any DDR programme should be specifically designed to respond and adapt to the security environment. It should also be planned in coherence with wider peace- making, peacebuilding and recovery efforts. Disarmament plays an essential role in maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place as part of a long-term peacebuilding strategy. Depending on the context, DDR phases could be differently sequenced with, for example, demobilization and reintegration paving the way for disarmament.The disarmament component of a DDR programme will usually consist of four main phases: \\n (1) Operational planning; \\n (2) Weapons collection; \\n (3) Stockpile management; \\n (4) Disposal of collected materiel.The cross-cutting activities that should take place throughout these four main phases are data collection, awareness raising, and monitoring and evaluation. Within each phase there are also a number of recommended specific components (see Table 1).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":712, "Sentence":"Disarmament is generally understood to be the act of reducing or eliminating arms and, as such, is applicable to all weapons systems, ammunition and explosives, including nuclear, chemical, biological, radiological and conventional systems.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament disarmament generally understood act reducing eliminating arm applicable weapon system ammunition explosive including nuclear chemical biological radiological conventional system ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is generally understood to be the act of reducing or eliminating arms and, as such, is applicable to all weapons systems, ammunition and explosives, including nuclear, chemical, biological, radiological and conventional systems. This module will focus only on conventional weapons systems and ammunition that are typically held by members of armed forces and groups dealt with during DDR programmes.When transitioning out of armed conflict, States may be vulnerable to conflict relapse, particularly if key conflict drivers, including the proliferation of arms and ammunition, remain unaddressed. Inclusive and effective arms control, and disarmament in particular, is critical to prevent and reduce armed conflict and crime and to support recovery and development, as reflected in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Security Council and General Assembly\u2019s 2016 resolutions on sustaining peace. National arms control management systems encompass more than just disarmament. Therefore, disarmament operations should be planned and conducted in coordination with, and in support of, other arms control and reduction measures, including SALW control (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).The disarmament component of any DDR programme should be specifically designed to respond and adapt to the security environment. It should also be planned in coherence with wider peace- making, peacebuilding and recovery efforts. Disarmament plays an essential role in maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place as part of a long-term peacebuilding strategy. Depending on the context, DDR phases could be differently sequenced with, for example, demobilization and reintegration paving the way for disarmament.The disarmament component of a DDR programme will usually consist of four main phases: \\n (1) Operational planning; \\n (2) Weapons collection; \\n (3) Stockpile management; \\n (4) Disposal of collected materiel.The cross-cutting activities that should take place throughout these four main phases are data collection, awareness raising, and monitoring and evaluation. Within each phase there are also a number of recommended specific components (see Table 1).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":712, "Sentence":"This module will focus only on conventional weapons systems and ammunition that are typically held by members of armed forces and groups dealt with during DDR programmes.When transitioning out of armed conflict, States may be vulnerable to conflict relapse, particularly if key conflict drivers, including the proliferation of arms and ammunition, remain unaddressed.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament module focus conventional weapon system ammunition typically held member armed force group dealt ddr programmes.when transitioning armed conflict state may vulnerable conflict relapse particularly key conflict driver including proliferation arm ammunition remain unaddressed ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is generally understood to be the act of reducing or eliminating arms and, as such, is applicable to all weapons systems, ammunition and explosives, including nuclear, chemical, biological, radiological and conventional systems. This module will focus only on conventional weapons systems and ammunition that are typically held by members of armed forces and groups dealt with during DDR programmes.When transitioning out of armed conflict, States may be vulnerable to conflict relapse, particularly if key conflict drivers, including the proliferation of arms and ammunition, remain unaddressed. Inclusive and effective arms control, and disarmament in particular, is critical to prevent and reduce armed conflict and crime and to support recovery and development, as reflected in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Security Council and General Assembly\u2019s 2016 resolutions on sustaining peace. National arms control management systems encompass more than just disarmament. Therefore, disarmament operations should be planned and conducted in coordination with, and in support of, other arms control and reduction measures, including SALW control (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).The disarmament component of any DDR programme should be specifically designed to respond and adapt to the security environment. It should also be planned in coherence with wider peace- making, peacebuilding and recovery efforts. Disarmament plays an essential role in maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place as part of a long-term peacebuilding strategy. Depending on the context, DDR phases could be differently sequenced with, for example, demobilization and reintegration paving the way for disarmament.The disarmament component of a DDR programme will usually consist of four main phases: \\n (1) Operational planning; \\n (2) Weapons collection; \\n (3) Stockpile management; \\n (4) Disposal of collected materiel.The cross-cutting activities that should take place throughout these four main phases are data collection, awareness raising, and monitoring and evaluation. Within each phase there are also a number of recommended specific components (see Table 1).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":712, "Sentence":"Inclusive and effective arms control, and disarmament in particular, is critical to prevent and reduce armed conflict and crime and to support recovery and development, as reflected in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Security Council and General Assembly\u2019s 2016 resolutions on sustaining peace.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament inclusive effective arm control disarmament particular critical prevent reduce armed conflict crime support recovery development reflected 2030 agenda sustainable development security council general assembly \u2019 2016 resolution sustaining peace ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is generally understood to be the act of reducing or eliminating arms and, as such, is applicable to all weapons systems, ammunition and explosives, including nuclear, chemical, biological, radiological and conventional systems. This module will focus only on conventional weapons systems and ammunition that are typically held by members of armed forces and groups dealt with during DDR programmes.When transitioning out of armed conflict, States may be vulnerable to conflict relapse, particularly if key conflict drivers, including the proliferation of arms and ammunition, remain unaddressed. Inclusive and effective arms control, and disarmament in particular, is critical to prevent and reduce armed conflict and crime and to support recovery and development, as reflected in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Security Council and General Assembly\u2019s 2016 resolutions on sustaining peace. National arms control management systems encompass more than just disarmament. Therefore, disarmament operations should be planned and conducted in coordination with, and in support of, other arms control and reduction measures, including SALW control (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).The disarmament component of any DDR programme should be specifically designed to respond and adapt to the security environment. It should also be planned in coherence with wider peace- making, peacebuilding and recovery efforts. Disarmament plays an essential role in maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place as part of a long-term peacebuilding strategy. Depending on the context, DDR phases could be differently sequenced with, for example, demobilization and reintegration paving the way for disarmament.The disarmament component of a DDR programme will usually consist of four main phases: \\n (1) Operational planning; \\n (2) Weapons collection; \\n (3) Stockpile management; \\n (4) Disposal of collected materiel.The cross-cutting activities that should take place throughout these four main phases are data collection, awareness raising, and monitoring and evaluation. Within each phase there are also a number of recommended specific components (see Table 1).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":712, "Sentence":"National arms control management systems encompass more than just disarmament.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament national arm control management system encompass disarmament ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is generally understood to be the act of reducing or eliminating arms and, as such, is applicable to all weapons systems, ammunition and explosives, including nuclear, chemical, biological, radiological and conventional systems. This module will focus only on conventional weapons systems and ammunition that are typically held by members of armed forces and groups dealt with during DDR programmes.When transitioning out of armed conflict, States may be vulnerable to conflict relapse, particularly if key conflict drivers, including the proliferation of arms and ammunition, remain unaddressed. Inclusive and effective arms control, and disarmament in particular, is critical to prevent and reduce armed conflict and crime and to support recovery and development, as reflected in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Security Council and General Assembly\u2019s 2016 resolutions on sustaining peace. National arms control management systems encompass more than just disarmament. Therefore, disarmament operations should be planned and conducted in coordination with, and in support of, other arms control and reduction measures, including SALW control (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).The disarmament component of any DDR programme should be specifically designed to respond and adapt to the security environment. It should also be planned in coherence with wider peace- making, peacebuilding and recovery efforts. Disarmament plays an essential role in maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place as part of a long-term peacebuilding strategy. Depending on the context, DDR phases could be differently sequenced with, for example, demobilization and reintegration paving the way for disarmament.The disarmament component of a DDR programme will usually consist of four main phases: \\n (1) Operational planning; \\n (2) Weapons collection; \\n (3) Stockpile management; \\n (4) Disposal of collected materiel.The cross-cutting activities that should take place throughout these four main phases are data collection, awareness raising, and monitoring and evaluation. Within each phase there are also a number of recommended specific components (see Table 1).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":712, "Sentence":"Therefore, disarmament operations should be planned and conducted in coordination with, and in support of, other arms control and reduction measures, including SALW control (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).The disarmament component of any DDR programme should be specifically designed to respond and adapt to the security environment.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament therefore disarmament operation planned conducted coordination support arm control reduction measure including salw control see iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammunition management.the disarmament component ddr programme specifically designed respond adapt security environment ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is generally understood to be the act of reducing or eliminating arms and, as such, is applicable to all weapons systems, ammunition and explosives, including nuclear, chemical, biological, radiological and conventional systems. This module will focus only on conventional weapons systems and ammunition that are typically held by members of armed forces and groups dealt with during DDR programmes.When transitioning out of armed conflict, States may be vulnerable to conflict relapse, particularly if key conflict drivers, including the proliferation of arms and ammunition, remain unaddressed. Inclusive and effective arms control, and disarmament in particular, is critical to prevent and reduce armed conflict and crime and to support recovery and development, as reflected in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Security Council and General Assembly\u2019s 2016 resolutions on sustaining peace. National arms control management systems encompass more than just disarmament. Therefore, disarmament operations should be planned and conducted in coordination with, and in support of, other arms control and reduction measures, including SALW control (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).The disarmament component of any DDR programme should be specifically designed to respond and adapt to the security environment. It should also be planned in coherence with wider peace- making, peacebuilding and recovery efforts. Disarmament plays an essential role in maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place as part of a long-term peacebuilding strategy. Depending on the context, DDR phases could be differently sequenced with, for example, demobilization and reintegration paving the way for disarmament.The disarmament component of a DDR programme will usually consist of four main phases: \\n (1) Operational planning; \\n (2) Weapons collection; \\n (3) Stockpile management; \\n (4) Disposal of collected materiel.The cross-cutting activities that should take place throughout these four main phases are data collection, awareness raising, and monitoring and evaluation. Within each phase there are also a number of recommended specific components (see Table 1).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":712, "Sentence":"It should also be planned in coherence with wider peace- making, peacebuilding and recovery efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament also planned coherence wider peace making peacebuilding recovery effort ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is generally understood to be the act of reducing or eliminating arms and, as such, is applicable to all weapons systems, ammunition and explosives, including nuclear, chemical, biological, radiological and conventional systems. This module will focus only on conventional weapons systems and ammunition that are typically held by members of armed forces and groups dealt with during DDR programmes.When transitioning out of armed conflict, States may be vulnerable to conflict relapse, particularly if key conflict drivers, including the proliferation of arms and ammunition, remain unaddressed. Inclusive and effective arms control, and disarmament in particular, is critical to prevent and reduce armed conflict and crime and to support recovery and development, as reflected in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Security Council and General Assembly\u2019s 2016 resolutions on sustaining peace. National arms control management systems encompass more than just disarmament. Therefore, disarmament operations should be planned and conducted in coordination with, and in support of, other arms control and reduction measures, including SALW control (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).The disarmament component of any DDR programme should be specifically designed to respond and adapt to the security environment. It should also be planned in coherence with wider peace- making, peacebuilding and recovery efforts. Disarmament plays an essential role in maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place as part of a long-term peacebuilding strategy. Depending on the context, DDR phases could be differently sequenced with, for example, demobilization and reintegration paving the way for disarmament.The disarmament component of a DDR programme will usually consist of four main phases: \\n (1) Operational planning; \\n (2) Weapons collection; \\n (3) Stockpile management; \\n (4) Disposal of collected materiel.The cross-cutting activities that should take place throughout these four main phases are data collection, awareness raising, and monitoring and evaluation. Within each phase there are also a number of recommended specific components (see Table 1).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":712, "Sentence":"Disarmament plays an essential role in maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place as part of a long-term peacebuilding strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament disarmament play essential role maintaining secure environment demobilization reintegration take place part longterm peacebuilding strategy ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is generally understood to be the act of reducing or eliminating arms and, as such, is applicable to all weapons systems, ammunition and explosives, including nuclear, chemical, biological, radiological and conventional systems. This module will focus only on conventional weapons systems and ammunition that are typically held by members of armed forces and groups dealt with during DDR programmes.When transitioning out of armed conflict, States may be vulnerable to conflict relapse, particularly if key conflict drivers, including the proliferation of arms and ammunition, remain unaddressed. Inclusive and effective arms control, and disarmament in particular, is critical to prevent and reduce armed conflict and crime and to support recovery and development, as reflected in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Security Council and General Assembly\u2019s 2016 resolutions on sustaining peace. National arms control management systems encompass more than just disarmament. Therefore, disarmament operations should be planned and conducted in coordination with, and in support of, other arms control and reduction measures, including SALW control (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).The disarmament component of any DDR programme should be specifically designed to respond and adapt to the security environment. It should also be planned in coherence with wider peace- making, peacebuilding and recovery efforts. Disarmament plays an essential role in maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place as part of a long-term peacebuilding strategy. Depending on the context, DDR phases could be differently sequenced with, for example, demobilization and reintegration paving the way for disarmament.The disarmament component of a DDR programme will usually consist of four main phases: \\n (1) Operational planning; \\n (2) Weapons collection; \\n (3) Stockpile management; \\n (4) Disposal of collected materiel.The cross-cutting activities that should take place throughout these four main phases are data collection, awareness raising, and monitoring and evaluation. Within each phase there are also a number of recommended specific components (see Table 1).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":712, "Sentence":"Depending on the context, DDR phases could be differently sequenced with, for example, demobilization and reintegration paving the way for disarmament.The disarmament component of a DDR programme will usually consist of four main phases: \\n (1) Operational planning; \\n (2) Weapons collection; \\n (3) Stockpile management; \\n (4) Disposal of collected materiel.The cross-cutting activities that should take place throughout these four main phases are data collection, awareness raising, and monitoring and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament depending context ddr phase could differently sequenced example demobilization reintegration paving way disarmament.the disarmament component ddr programme usually consist four main phase n 1 operational planning n 2 weapon collection n 3 stockpile management n 4 disposal collected materiel.the crosscutting activity take place throughout four main phase data collection awareness raising monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Disarmament is generally understood to be the act of reducing or eliminating arms and, as such, is applicable to all weapons systems, ammunition and explosives, including nuclear, chemical, biological, radiological and conventional systems. This module will focus only on conventional weapons systems and ammunition that are typically held by members of armed forces and groups dealt with during DDR programmes.When transitioning out of armed conflict, States may be vulnerable to conflict relapse, particularly if key conflict drivers, including the proliferation of arms and ammunition, remain unaddressed. Inclusive and effective arms control, and disarmament in particular, is critical to prevent and reduce armed conflict and crime and to support recovery and development, as reflected in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Security Council and General Assembly\u2019s 2016 resolutions on sustaining peace. National arms control management systems encompass more than just disarmament. Therefore, disarmament operations should be planned and conducted in coordination with, and in support of, other arms control and reduction measures, including SALW control (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).The disarmament component of any DDR programme should be specifically designed to respond and adapt to the security environment. It should also be planned in coherence with wider peace- making, peacebuilding and recovery efforts. Disarmament plays an essential role in maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place as part of a long-term peacebuilding strategy. Depending on the context, DDR phases could be differently sequenced with, for example, demobilization and reintegration paving the way for disarmament.The disarmament component of a DDR programme will usually consist of four main phases: \\n (1) Operational planning; \\n (2) Weapons collection; \\n (3) Stockpile management; \\n (4) Disposal of collected materiel.The cross-cutting activities that should take place throughout these four main phases are data collection, awareness raising, and monitoring and evaluation. Within each phase there are also a number of recommended specific components (see Table 1).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":712, "Sentence":"Within each phase there are also a number of recommended specific components (see Table 1).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament within phase also number recommended specific component see table 1 ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to the disarmament component of DDR programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":713, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to the disarmament component of DDR programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":713, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to the disarmament component of DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament section outline principle apply disarmament component ddr programme ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"In order to lay the foundation for an effective DDR programme and sustainable peace, disarmament shall be voluntary. Forced disarmament can have a negative impact on contexts in transition, including in terms of restoring trust in authorities and efforts towards national reconciliation. In addition, removing weapons forcibly from combatants or persons associated with armed forces and groups risks creating a security vacuum and an imbalance in military capabilities which may generate increased tensions and lead to a resumption of armed violence. Voluntary disarmament should be facilitated through strong sensitization and communication efforts. It should also be underpinned by firm guarantees of security and immunity from prosecution for the illegal possession of weapon(s) handed in.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":714, "Sentence":"In order to lay the foundation for an effective DDR programme and sustainable peace, disarmament shall be voluntary.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament order lay foundation effective ddr programme sustainable peace disarmament shall voluntary ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"In order to lay the foundation for an effective DDR programme and sustainable peace, disarmament shall be voluntary. Forced disarmament can have a negative impact on contexts in transition, including in terms of restoring trust in authorities and efforts towards national reconciliation. In addition, removing weapons forcibly from combatants or persons associated with armed forces and groups risks creating a security vacuum and an imbalance in military capabilities which may generate increased tensions and lead to a resumption of armed violence. Voluntary disarmament should be facilitated through strong sensitization and communication efforts. It should also be underpinned by firm guarantees of security and immunity from prosecution for the illegal possession of weapon(s) handed in.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":714, "Sentence":"Forced disarmament can have a negative impact on contexts in transition, including in terms of restoring trust in authorities and efforts towards national reconciliation.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament forced disarmament negative impact context transition including term restoring trust authority effort towards national reconciliation ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"In order to lay the foundation for an effective DDR programme and sustainable peace, disarmament shall be voluntary. Forced disarmament can have a negative impact on contexts in transition, including in terms of restoring trust in authorities and efforts towards national reconciliation. In addition, removing weapons forcibly from combatants or persons associated with armed forces and groups risks creating a security vacuum and an imbalance in military capabilities which may generate increased tensions and lead to a resumption of armed violence. Voluntary disarmament should be facilitated through strong sensitization and communication efforts. It should also be underpinned by firm guarantees of security and immunity from prosecution for the illegal possession of weapon(s) handed in.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":714, "Sentence":"In addition, removing weapons forcibly from combatants or persons associated with armed forces and groups risks creating a security vacuum and an imbalance in military capabilities which may generate increased tensions and lead to a resumption of armed violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament addition removing weapon forcibly combatant person associated armed force group risk creating security vacuum imbalance military capability may generate increased tension lead resumption armed violence ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"In order to lay the foundation for an effective DDR programme and sustainable peace, disarmament shall be voluntary. Forced disarmament can have a negative impact on contexts in transition, including in terms of restoring trust in authorities and efforts towards national reconciliation. In addition, removing weapons forcibly from combatants or persons associated with armed forces and groups risks creating a security vacuum and an imbalance in military capabilities which may generate increased tensions and lead to a resumption of armed violence. Voluntary disarmament should be facilitated through strong sensitization and communication efforts. It should also be underpinned by firm guarantees of security and immunity from prosecution for the illegal possession of weapon(s) handed in.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":714, "Sentence":"Voluntary disarmament should be facilitated through strong sensitization and communication efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament voluntary disarmament facilitated strong sensitization communication effort ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"In order to lay the foundation for an effective DDR programme and sustainable peace, disarmament shall be voluntary. Forced disarmament can have a negative impact on contexts in transition, including in terms of restoring trust in authorities and efforts towards national reconciliation. In addition, removing weapons forcibly from combatants or persons associated with armed forces and groups risks creating a security vacuum and an imbalance in military capabilities which may generate increased tensions and lead to a resumption of armed violence. Voluntary disarmament should be facilitated through strong sensitization and communication efforts. It should also be underpinned by firm guarantees of security and immunity from prosecution for the illegal possession of weapon(s) handed in.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":714, "Sentence":"It should also be underpinned by firm guarantees of security and immunity from prosecution for the illegal possession of weapon(s) handed in.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament also underpinned firm guarantee security immunity prosecution illegal possession weapon handed ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Agreeing on child-specific disarmament procedures avoids further possible abuse and exploitation of children, especially for political or tactical gain; and, prepares children for separate and specific child- related demobilization and reintegration processes (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Specific attention should also be given to the disarmament of youth (see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":715, "Sentence":"Agreeing on child-specific disarmament procedures avoids further possible abuse and exploitation of children, especially for political or tactical gain; and, prepares children for separate and specific child- related demobilization and reintegration processes (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament agreeing childspecific disarmament procedure avoids possible abuse exploitation child especially political tactical gain prepares child separate specific child related demobilization reintegration process see iddrs 5.20 child ddr ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Agreeing on child-specific disarmament procedures avoids further possible abuse and exploitation of children, especially for political or tactical gain; and, prepares children for separate and specific child- related demobilization and reintegration processes (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Specific attention should also be given to the disarmament of youth (see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":715, "Sentence":"Specific attention should also be given to the disarmament of youth (see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament specific attention also given disarmament youth see iddrs 5.30 youth ddr ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Disarmament activities must not introduce distinctions based on sex, race, ethnicity, religion or other arbitrary criteria that may create or exacerbate vulnerabilities and power imbalances. All stages of disarmament or other arms control initiatives must integrate gender and age considerations, including the differing impacts and perceptions of such processes on women, men, boys and girls. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women and girls at each stage of the process. A gender- transformative approach actively examines, questions and changes unequal gender norms and imbalances of power. A gender-transformative approach thus helps countries to promote equitable rights and health, and contributes to the prevention of sexual and gender-based violence. A gender- transformative DDR programme should acknowledge, incorporate and address messages on masculinities and violence, including the linkage between masculinities and weapons ownership. Gender-transformative DDR programmes should also ensure that there are both male and female UN military personnel in leadership roles at pick-up points and mobile disarmament sites, and participating in the destruction of weapons. All precautions shall also be taken to avoid reinforcing or generating gender inequalities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":716, "Sentence":"Disarmament activities must not introduce distinctions based on sex, race, ethnicity, religion or other arbitrary criteria that may create or exacerbate vulnerabilities and power imbalances.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament disarmament activity must introduce distinction based sex race ethnicity religion arbitrary criterion may create exacerbate vulnerability power imbalance ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Disarmament activities must not introduce distinctions based on sex, race, ethnicity, religion or other arbitrary criteria that may create or exacerbate vulnerabilities and power imbalances. All stages of disarmament or other arms control initiatives must integrate gender and age considerations, including the differing impacts and perceptions of such processes on women, men, boys and girls. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women and girls at each stage of the process. A gender- transformative approach actively examines, questions and changes unequal gender norms and imbalances of power. A gender-transformative approach thus helps countries to promote equitable rights and health, and contributes to the prevention of sexual and gender-based violence. A gender- transformative DDR programme should acknowledge, incorporate and address messages on masculinities and violence, including the linkage between masculinities and weapons ownership. Gender-transformative DDR programmes should also ensure that there are both male and female UN military personnel in leadership roles at pick-up points and mobile disarmament sites, and participating in the destruction of weapons. All precautions shall also be taken to avoid reinforcing or generating gender inequalities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":716, "Sentence":"All stages of disarmament or other arms control initiatives must integrate gender and age considerations, including the differing impacts and perceptions of such processes on women, men, boys and girls.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament stage disarmament arm control initiative must integrate gender age consideration including differing impact perception process woman men boy girl ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Disarmament activities must not introduce distinctions based on sex, race, ethnicity, religion or other arbitrary criteria that may create or exacerbate vulnerabilities and power imbalances. All stages of disarmament or other arms control initiatives must integrate gender and age considerations, including the differing impacts and perceptions of such processes on women, men, boys and girls. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women and girls at each stage of the process. A gender- transformative approach actively examines, questions and changes unequal gender norms and imbalances of power. A gender-transformative approach thus helps countries to promote equitable rights and health, and contributes to the prevention of sexual and gender-based violence. A gender- transformative DDR programme should acknowledge, incorporate and address messages on masculinities and violence, including the linkage between masculinities and weapons ownership. Gender-transformative DDR programmes should also ensure that there are both male and female UN military personnel in leadership roles at pick-up points and mobile disarmament sites, and participating in the destruction of weapons. All precautions shall also be taken to avoid reinforcing or generating gender inequalities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":716, "Sentence":"Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women and girls at each stage of the process.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament approach requires gender expertise gender analysis collection sex agedisaggregated data meaningful participation woman girl stage process ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Disarmament activities must not introduce distinctions based on sex, race, ethnicity, religion or other arbitrary criteria that may create or exacerbate vulnerabilities and power imbalances. All stages of disarmament or other arms control initiatives must integrate gender and age considerations, including the differing impacts and perceptions of such processes on women, men, boys and girls. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women and girls at each stage of the process. A gender- transformative approach actively examines, questions and changes unequal gender norms and imbalances of power. A gender-transformative approach thus helps countries to promote equitable rights and health, and contributes to the prevention of sexual and gender-based violence. A gender- transformative DDR programme should acknowledge, incorporate and address messages on masculinities and violence, including the linkage between masculinities and weapons ownership. Gender-transformative DDR programmes should also ensure that there are both male and female UN military personnel in leadership roles at pick-up points and mobile disarmament sites, and participating in the destruction of weapons. All precautions shall also be taken to avoid reinforcing or generating gender inequalities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":716, "Sentence":"A gender- transformative approach actively examines, questions and changes unequal gender norms and imbalances of power.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament gender transformative approach actively examines question change unequal gender norm imbalance power ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Disarmament activities must not introduce distinctions based on sex, race, ethnicity, religion or other arbitrary criteria that may create or exacerbate vulnerabilities and power imbalances. All stages of disarmament or other arms control initiatives must integrate gender and age considerations, including the differing impacts and perceptions of such processes on women, men, boys and girls. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women and girls at each stage of the process. A gender- transformative approach actively examines, questions and changes unequal gender norms and imbalances of power. A gender-transformative approach thus helps countries to promote equitable rights and health, and contributes to the prevention of sexual and gender-based violence. A gender- transformative DDR programme should acknowledge, incorporate and address messages on masculinities and violence, including the linkage between masculinities and weapons ownership. Gender-transformative DDR programmes should also ensure that there are both male and female UN military personnel in leadership roles at pick-up points and mobile disarmament sites, and participating in the destruction of weapons. All precautions shall also be taken to avoid reinforcing or generating gender inequalities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":716, "Sentence":"A gender-transformative approach thus helps countries to promote equitable rights and health, and contributes to the prevention of sexual and gender-based violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament gendertransformative approach thus help country promote equitable right health contributes prevention sexual genderbased violence ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Disarmament activities must not introduce distinctions based on sex, race, ethnicity, religion or other arbitrary criteria that may create or exacerbate vulnerabilities and power imbalances. All stages of disarmament or other arms control initiatives must integrate gender and age considerations, including the differing impacts and perceptions of such processes on women, men, boys and girls. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women and girls at each stage of the process. A gender- transformative approach actively examines, questions and changes unequal gender norms and imbalances of power. A gender-transformative approach thus helps countries to promote equitable rights and health, and contributes to the prevention of sexual and gender-based violence. A gender- transformative DDR programme should acknowledge, incorporate and address messages on masculinities and violence, including the linkage between masculinities and weapons ownership. Gender-transformative DDR programmes should also ensure that there are both male and female UN military personnel in leadership roles at pick-up points and mobile disarmament sites, and participating in the destruction of weapons. All precautions shall also be taken to avoid reinforcing or generating gender inequalities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":716, "Sentence":"A gender- transformative DDR programme should acknowledge, incorporate and address messages on masculinities and violence, including the linkage between masculinities and weapons ownership.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament gender transformative ddr programme acknowledge incorporate address message masculinity violence including linkage masculinity weapon ownership ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Disarmament activities must not introduce distinctions based on sex, race, ethnicity, religion or other arbitrary criteria that may create or exacerbate vulnerabilities and power imbalances. All stages of disarmament or other arms control initiatives must integrate gender and age considerations, including the differing impacts and perceptions of such processes on women, men, boys and girls. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women and girls at each stage of the process. A gender- transformative approach actively examines, questions and changes unequal gender norms and imbalances of power. A gender-transformative approach thus helps countries to promote equitable rights and health, and contributes to the prevention of sexual and gender-based violence. A gender- transformative DDR programme should acknowledge, incorporate and address messages on masculinities and violence, including the linkage between masculinities and weapons ownership. Gender-transformative DDR programmes should also ensure that there are both male and female UN military personnel in leadership roles at pick-up points and mobile disarmament sites, and participating in the destruction of weapons. All precautions shall also be taken to avoid reinforcing or generating gender inequalities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":716, "Sentence":"Gender-transformative DDR programmes should also ensure that there are both male and female UN military personnel in leadership roles at pick-up points and mobile disarmament sites, and participating in the destruction of weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament gendertransformative ddr programme also ensure male female un military personnel leadership role pickup point mobile disarmament site participating destruction weapon ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Disarmament activities must not introduce distinctions based on sex, race, ethnicity, religion or other arbitrary criteria that may create or exacerbate vulnerabilities and power imbalances. All stages of disarmament or other arms control initiatives must integrate gender and age considerations, including the differing impacts and perceptions of such processes on women, men, boys and girls. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women and girls at each stage of the process. A gender- transformative approach actively examines, questions and changes unequal gender norms and imbalances of power. A gender-transformative approach thus helps countries to promote equitable rights and health, and contributes to the prevention of sexual and gender-based violence. A gender- transformative DDR programme should acknowledge, incorporate and address messages on masculinities and violence, including the linkage between masculinities and weapons ownership. Gender-transformative DDR programmes should also ensure that there are both male and female UN military personnel in leadership roles at pick-up points and mobile disarmament sites, and participating in the destruction of weapons. All precautions shall also be taken to avoid reinforcing or generating gender inequalities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":716, "Sentence":"All precautions shall also be taken to avoid reinforcing or generating gender inequalities.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament precaution shall also taken avoid reinforcing generating gender inequality ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Disarmament operations shall not increase the vulnerability of communities, groups or individuals to internal or external threats. Disarmament strategies should therefore be based on a thorough analysis of the security context, relevant actors and their military capabilities to avoid creating a security imbalance or vacuum, leading to further tensions or jeopardizing the implementation of a peace agreement.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":717, "Sentence":"Disarmament operations shall not increase the vulnerability of communities, groups or individuals to internal or external threats.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament disarmament operation shall increase vulnerability community group individual internal external threat ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Disarmament operations shall not increase the vulnerability of communities, groups or individuals to internal or external threats. Disarmament strategies should therefore be based on a thorough analysis of the security context, relevant actors and their military capabilities to avoid creating a security imbalance or vacuum, leading to further tensions or jeopardizing the implementation of a peace agreement.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":717, "Sentence":"Disarmament strategies should therefore be based on a thorough analysis of the security context, relevant actors and their military capabilities to avoid creating a security imbalance or vacuum, leading to further tensions or jeopardizing the implementation of a peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament disarmament strategy therefore based thorough analysis security context relevant actor military capability avoid creating security imbalance vacuum leading tension jeopardizing implementation peace agreement ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"National Governments have the right and responsibility to apply their own national standards to all disarmament operations on their territory and shall act in compliance with international arms control instruments and applicable legal frameworks. The primary responsibility for disarmament and weapons collection lies with the Government of the affected State. The support and specialist knowledge of the UN is placed at the disposal of a national Government to ensure that disarmament planning and implementation are conducted in accordance with international arms control instruments, standards and guidance, including those of the IDDRS, the IATG and MOSAIC. Strong national ownership is important, including where the UN is supporting DDR programmes in non- mission settings. Building national and local institutional and technical capacity is essential to the effective, successful, sustainable continuation of disarmament and other arms control efforts.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":718, "Sentence":"National Governments have the right and responsibility to apply their own national standards to all disarmament operations on their territory and shall act in compliance with international arms control instruments and applicable legal frameworks.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament national government right responsibility apply national standard disarmament operation territory shall act compliance international arm control instrument applicable legal framework ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"National Governments have the right and responsibility to apply their own national standards to all disarmament operations on their territory and shall act in compliance with international arms control instruments and applicable legal frameworks. The primary responsibility for disarmament and weapons collection lies with the Government of the affected State. The support and specialist knowledge of the UN is placed at the disposal of a national Government to ensure that disarmament planning and implementation are conducted in accordance with international arms control instruments, standards and guidance, including those of the IDDRS, the IATG and MOSAIC. Strong national ownership is important, including where the UN is supporting DDR programmes in non- mission settings. Building national and local institutional and technical capacity is essential to the effective, successful, sustainable continuation of disarmament and other arms control efforts.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":718, "Sentence":"The primary responsibility for disarmament and weapons collection lies with the Government of the affected State.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament primary responsibility disarmament weapon collection lie government affected state ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"National Governments have the right and responsibility to apply their own national standards to all disarmament operations on their territory and shall act in compliance with international arms control instruments and applicable legal frameworks. The primary responsibility for disarmament and weapons collection lies with the Government of the affected State. The support and specialist knowledge of the UN is placed at the disposal of a national Government to ensure that disarmament planning and implementation are conducted in accordance with international arms control instruments, standards and guidance, including those of the IDDRS, the IATG and MOSAIC. Strong national ownership is important, including where the UN is supporting DDR programmes in non- mission settings. Building national and local institutional and technical capacity is essential to the effective, successful, sustainable continuation of disarmament and other arms control efforts.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":718, "Sentence":"The support and specialist knowledge of the UN is placed at the disposal of a national Government to ensure that disarmament planning and implementation are conducted in accordance with international arms control instruments, standards and guidance, including those of the IDDRS, the IATG and MOSAIC.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament support specialist knowledge un placed disposal national government ensure disarmament planning implementation conducted accordance international arm control instrument standard guidance including iddrs iatg mosaic ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"National Governments have the right and responsibility to apply their own national standards to all disarmament operations on their territory and shall act in compliance with international arms control instruments and applicable legal frameworks. The primary responsibility for disarmament and weapons collection lies with the Government of the affected State. The support and specialist knowledge of the UN is placed at the disposal of a national Government to ensure that disarmament planning and implementation are conducted in accordance with international arms control instruments, standards and guidance, including those of the IDDRS, the IATG and MOSAIC. Strong national ownership is important, including where the UN is supporting DDR programmes in non- mission settings. Building national and local institutional and technical capacity is essential to the effective, successful, sustainable continuation of disarmament and other arms control efforts.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":718, "Sentence":"Strong national ownership is important, including where the UN is supporting DDR programmes in non- mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament strong national ownership important including un supporting ddr programme non mission setting ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"National Governments have the right and responsibility to apply their own national standards to all disarmament operations on their territory and shall act in compliance with international arms control instruments and applicable legal frameworks. The primary responsibility for disarmament and weapons collection lies with the Government of the affected State. The support and specialist knowledge of the UN is placed at the disposal of a national Government to ensure that disarmament planning and implementation are conducted in accordance with international arms control instruments, standards and guidance, including those of the IDDRS, the IATG and MOSAIC. Strong national ownership is important, including where the UN is supporting DDR programmes in non- mission settings. Building national and local institutional and technical capacity is essential to the effective, successful, sustainable continuation of disarmament and other arms control efforts.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":718, "Sentence":"Building national and local institutional and technical capacity is essential to the effective, successful, sustainable continuation of disarmament and other arms control efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament building national local institutional technical capacity essential effective successful sustainable continuation disarmament arm control effort ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Safety and security", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Handling weapons, ammunition and explosives comes with high levels of risk. The involvement of technically qualified WAM advisers in the planning and implementation of disarmament operations is critical to their safety and success. Technical advisers shall have formal training and operational field experience in ammunition and weapons storage, marking, transportation, deactivation and the destruction of arms, ammunition and explosives, as relevant.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":719, "Sentence":"Handling weapons, ammunition and explosives comes with high levels of risk.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament handling weapon ammunition explosive come high level risk ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Safety and security", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Handling weapons, ammunition and explosives comes with high levels of risk. The involvement of technically qualified WAM advisers in the planning and implementation of disarmament operations is critical to their safety and success. Technical advisers shall have formal training and operational field experience in ammunition and weapons storage, marking, transportation, deactivation and the destruction of arms, ammunition and explosives, as relevant.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":719, "Sentence":"The involvement of technically qualified WAM advisers in the planning and implementation of disarmament operations is critical to their safety and success.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament involvement technically qualified wam adviser planning implementation disarmament operation critical safety success ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Safety and security", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Handling weapons, ammunition and explosives comes with high levels of risk. The involvement of technically qualified WAM advisers in the planning and implementation of disarmament operations is critical to their safety and success. Technical advisers shall have formal training and operational field experience in ammunition and weapons storage, marking, transportation, deactivation and the destruction of arms, ammunition and explosives, as relevant.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":719, "Sentence":"Technical advisers shall have formal training and operational field experience in ammunition and weapons storage, marking, transportation, deactivation and the destruction of arms, ammunition and explosives, as relevant.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament technical adviser shall formal training operational field experience ammunition weapon storage marking transportation deactivation destruction arm ammunition explosive relevant ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In order to effectively implement the disarmament component of a DDR programme, meticulous planning is required. Planning for disarmament operations includes information collection, a risk and security assessment, identification of eligibility criteria, the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs), the identification of the disarmament team structure, and a clear and realistic timetable for operations. All disarmament operations shall be based on gender responsive analysis.The disarmament component is often the first stage of the entire DDR programme, and operational decisions made at this stage will have an impact on subsequent stages. Disarmament, therefore, cannot be designed in isolation from the rest of the DDR programme, and integrated assessment and DDR planning is key (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures, and IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).It is essential to determine the extent of the capability needed to carry out a disarmament component, and then to compare this with a realistic appraisal of the current capacity available to deliver it. Requests for further assistance from the UN mission military and police components shall be made as early as possible in the planning stage (see IDDRS 4.40 on UN Military Roles and Responsibilities and IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). In non-mission settings, requests for capacity development assistance for disarmament operations may be directed to relevant UN agency(ies).Key terms and conditions for disarmament should be discussed during the peace negotiations and included in the agreement (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). This requires that parties and mediators have an in-depth understanding of disarmament and arms control, or access to expertise to guide them and provide a common understanding of the different options available. In some contexts, the handover of weapons from one party to another (for example, from armed groups to State institutions) may be inappropriate, resulting in the need for the involvement of a neutral third party.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":720, "Sentence":"In order to effectively implement the disarmament component of a DDR programme, meticulous planning is required.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament order effectively implement disarmament component ddr programme meticulous planning required ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In order to effectively implement the disarmament component of a DDR programme, meticulous planning is required. Planning for disarmament operations includes information collection, a risk and security assessment, identification of eligibility criteria, the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs), the identification of the disarmament team structure, and a clear and realistic timetable for operations. All disarmament operations shall be based on gender responsive analysis.The disarmament component is often the first stage of the entire DDR programme, and operational decisions made at this stage will have an impact on subsequent stages. Disarmament, therefore, cannot be designed in isolation from the rest of the DDR programme, and integrated assessment and DDR planning is key (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures, and IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).It is essential to determine the extent of the capability needed to carry out a disarmament component, and then to compare this with a realistic appraisal of the current capacity available to deliver it. Requests for further assistance from the UN mission military and police components shall be made as early as possible in the planning stage (see IDDRS 4.40 on UN Military Roles and Responsibilities and IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). In non-mission settings, requests for capacity development assistance for disarmament operations may be directed to relevant UN agency(ies).Key terms and conditions for disarmament should be discussed during the peace negotiations and included in the agreement (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). This requires that parties and mediators have an in-depth understanding of disarmament and arms control, or access to expertise to guide them and provide a common understanding of the different options available. In some contexts, the handover of weapons from one party to another (for example, from armed groups to State institutions) may be inappropriate, resulting in the need for the involvement of a neutral third party.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":720, "Sentence":"Planning for disarmament operations includes information collection, a risk and security assessment, identification of eligibility criteria, the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs), the identification of the disarmament team structure, and a clear and realistic timetable for operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament planning disarmament operation includes information collection risk security assessment identification eligibility criterion development standard operating procedure sop identification disarmament team structure clear realistic timetable operation ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In order to effectively implement the disarmament component of a DDR programme, meticulous planning is required. Planning for disarmament operations includes information collection, a risk and security assessment, identification of eligibility criteria, the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs), the identification of the disarmament team structure, and a clear and realistic timetable for operations. All disarmament operations shall be based on gender responsive analysis.The disarmament component is often the first stage of the entire DDR programme, and operational decisions made at this stage will have an impact on subsequent stages. Disarmament, therefore, cannot be designed in isolation from the rest of the DDR programme, and integrated assessment and DDR planning is key (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures, and IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).It is essential to determine the extent of the capability needed to carry out a disarmament component, and then to compare this with a realistic appraisal of the current capacity available to deliver it. Requests for further assistance from the UN mission military and police components shall be made as early as possible in the planning stage (see IDDRS 4.40 on UN Military Roles and Responsibilities and IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). In non-mission settings, requests for capacity development assistance for disarmament operations may be directed to relevant UN agency(ies).Key terms and conditions for disarmament should be discussed during the peace negotiations and included in the agreement (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). This requires that parties and mediators have an in-depth understanding of disarmament and arms control, or access to expertise to guide them and provide a common understanding of the different options available. In some contexts, the handover of weapons from one party to another (for example, from armed groups to State institutions) may be inappropriate, resulting in the need for the involvement of a neutral third party.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":720, "Sentence":"All disarmament operations shall be based on gender responsive analysis.The disarmament component is often the first stage of the entire DDR programme, and operational decisions made at this stage will have an impact on subsequent stages.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament disarmament operation shall based gender responsive analysis.the disarmament component often first stage entire ddr programme operational decision made stage impact subsequent stage ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In order to effectively implement the disarmament component of a DDR programme, meticulous planning is required. Planning for disarmament operations includes information collection, a risk and security assessment, identification of eligibility criteria, the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs), the identification of the disarmament team structure, and a clear and realistic timetable for operations. All disarmament operations shall be based on gender responsive analysis.The disarmament component is often the first stage of the entire DDR programme, and operational decisions made at this stage will have an impact on subsequent stages. Disarmament, therefore, cannot be designed in isolation from the rest of the DDR programme, and integrated assessment and DDR planning is key (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures, and IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).It is essential to determine the extent of the capability needed to carry out a disarmament component, and then to compare this with a realistic appraisal of the current capacity available to deliver it. Requests for further assistance from the UN mission military and police components shall be made as early as possible in the planning stage (see IDDRS 4.40 on UN Military Roles and Responsibilities and IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). In non-mission settings, requests for capacity development assistance for disarmament operations may be directed to relevant UN agency(ies).Key terms and conditions for disarmament should be discussed during the peace negotiations and included in the agreement (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). This requires that parties and mediators have an in-depth understanding of disarmament and arms control, or access to expertise to guide them and provide a common understanding of the different options available. In some contexts, the handover of weapons from one party to another (for example, from armed groups to State institutions) may be inappropriate, resulting in the need for the involvement of a neutral third party.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":720, "Sentence":"Disarmament, therefore, cannot be designed in isolation from the rest of the DDR programme, and integrated assessment and DDR planning is key (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures, and IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).It is essential to determine the extent of the capability needed to carry out a disarmament component, and then to compare this with a realistic appraisal of the current capacity available to deliver it.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament disarmament therefore designed isolation rest ddr programme integrated assessment ddr planning key see iddrs 3.10 integrated ddr planning process structure iddrs 3.11 integrated assessments.it essential determine extent capability needed carry disarmament component compare realistic appraisal current capacity available deliver ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In order to effectively implement the disarmament component of a DDR programme, meticulous planning is required. Planning for disarmament operations includes information collection, a risk and security assessment, identification of eligibility criteria, the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs), the identification of the disarmament team structure, and a clear and realistic timetable for operations. All disarmament operations shall be based on gender responsive analysis.The disarmament component is often the first stage of the entire DDR programme, and operational decisions made at this stage will have an impact on subsequent stages. Disarmament, therefore, cannot be designed in isolation from the rest of the DDR programme, and integrated assessment and DDR planning is key (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures, and IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).It is essential to determine the extent of the capability needed to carry out a disarmament component, and then to compare this with a realistic appraisal of the current capacity available to deliver it. Requests for further assistance from the UN mission military and police components shall be made as early as possible in the planning stage (see IDDRS 4.40 on UN Military Roles and Responsibilities and IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). In non-mission settings, requests for capacity development assistance for disarmament operations may be directed to relevant UN agency(ies).Key terms and conditions for disarmament should be discussed during the peace negotiations and included in the agreement (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). This requires that parties and mediators have an in-depth understanding of disarmament and arms control, or access to expertise to guide them and provide a common understanding of the different options available. In some contexts, the handover of weapons from one party to another (for example, from armed groups to State institutions) may be inappropriate, resulting in the need for the involvement of a neutral third party.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":720, "Sentence":"Requests for further assistance from the UN mission military and police components shall be made as early as possible in the planning stage (see IDDRS 4.40 on UN Military Roles and Responsibilities and IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament request assistance un mission military police component shall made early possible planning stage see iddrs 4.40 un military role responsibility iddrs 4.50 un police role responsibility ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In order to effectively implement the disarmament component of a DDR programme, meticulous planning is required. Planning for disarmament operations includes information collection, a risk and security assessment, identification of eligibility criteria, the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs), the identification of the disarmament team structure, and a clear and realistic timetable for operations. All disarmament operations shall be based on gender responsive analysis.The disarmament component is often the first stage of the entire DDR programme, and operational decisions made at this stage will have an impact on subsequent stages. Disarmament, therefore, cannot be designed in isolation from the rest of the DDR programme, and integrated assessment and DDR planning is key (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures, and IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).It is essential to determine the extent of the capability needed to carry out a disarmament component, and then to compare this with a realistic appraisal of the current capacity available to deliver it. Requests for further assistance from the UN mission military and police components shall be made as early as possible in the planning stage (see IDDRS 4.40 on UN Military Roles and Responsibilities and IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). In non-mission settings, requests for capacity development assistance for disarmament operations may be directed to relevant UN agency(ies).Key terms and conditions for disarmament should be discussed during the peace negotiations and included in the agreement (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). This requires that parties and mediators have an in-depth understanding of disarmament and arms control, or access to expertise to guide them and provide a common understanding of the different options available. In some contexts, the handover of weapons from one party to another (for example, from armed groups to State institutions) may be inappropriate, resulting in the need for the involvement of a neutral third party.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":720, "Sentence":"In non-mission settings, requests for capacity development assistance for disarmament operations may be directed to relevant UN agency(ies).Key terms and conditions for disarmament should be discussed during the peace negotiations and included in the agreement (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament nonmission setting request capacity development assistance disarmament operation may directed relevant un agencyies.key term condition disarmament discussed peace negotiation included agreement see iddrs 2.20 politics ddr ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In order to effectively implement the disarmament component of a DDR programme, meticulous planning is required. Planning for disarmament operations includes information collection, a risk and security assessment, identification of eligibility criteria, the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs), the identification of the disarmament team structure, and a clear and realistic timetable for operations. All disarmament operations shall be based on gender responsive analysis.The disarmament component is often the first stage of the entire DDR programme, and operational decisions made at this stage will have an impact on subsequent stages. Disarmament, therefore, cannot be designed in isolation from the rest of the DDR programme, and integrated assessment and DDR planning is key (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures, and IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).It is essential to determine the extent of the capability needed to carry out a disarmament component, and then to compare this with a realistic appraisal of the current capacity available to deliver it. Requests for further assistance from the UN mission military and police components shall be made as early as possible in the planning stage (see IDDRS 4.40 on UN Military Roles and Responsibilities and IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). In non-mission settings, requests for capacity development assistance for disarmament operations may be directed to relevant UN agency(ies).Key terms and conditions for disarmament should be discussed during the peace negotiations and included in the agreement (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). This requires that parties and mediators have an in-depth understanding of disarmament and arms control, or access to expertise to guide them and provide a common understanding of the different options available. In some contexts, the handover of weapons from one party to another (for example, from armed groups to State institutions) may be inappropriate, resulting in the need for the involvement of a neutral third party.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":720, "Sentence":"This requires that parties and mediators have an in-depth understanding of disarmament and arms control, or access to expertise to guide them and provide a common understanding of the different options available.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament requires party mediator indepth understanding disarmament arm control access expertise guide provide common understanding different option available ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In order to effectively implement the disarmament component of a DDR programme, meticulous planning is required. Planning for disarmament operations includes information collection, a risk and security assessment, identification of eligibility criteria, the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs), the identification of the disarmament team structure, and a clear and realistic timetable for operations. All disarmament operations shall be based on gender responsive analysis.The disarmament component is often the first stage of the entire DDR programme, and operational decisions made at this stage will have an impact on subsequent stages. Disarmament, therefore, cannot be designed in isolation from the rest of the DDR programme, and integrated assessment and DDR planning is key (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures, and IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).It is essential to determine the extent of the capability needed to carry out a disarmament component, and then to compare this with a realistic appraisal of the current capacity available to deliver it. Requests for further assistance from the UN mission military and police components shall be made as early as possible in the planning stage (see IDDRS 4.40 on UN Military Roles and Responsibilities and IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). In non-mission settings, requests for capacity development assistance for disarmament operations may be directed to relevant UN agency(ies).Key terms and conditions for disarmament should be discussed during the peace negotiations and included in the agreement (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). This requires that parties and mediators have an in-depth understanding of disarmament and arms control, or access to expertise to guide them and provide a common understanding of the different options available. In some contexts, the handover of weapons from one party to another (for example, from armed groups to State institutions) may be inappropriate, resulting in the need for the involvement of a neutral third party.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":720, "Sentence":"In some contexts, the handover of weapons from one party to another (for example, from armed groups to State institutions) may be inappropriate, resulting in the need for the involvement of a neutral third party.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament context handover weapon one party another example armed group state institution may inappropriate resulting need involvement neutral third party ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Initial planning should be based on a careful data collection and analysis on the armed forces and groups to be disarmed, disaggregated by sex and age, as well as an analysis of the dynamics of armed violence and illicitly held weapons and ammunition. DDR programmes are increasingly implemented in environments with a myriad of armed forces and groups whose alliances are fluid or unclear, often within a context of weak State institutions and fragile or absent rule of law. Solid analysis informed by continuous data gathering and assessment is essential in order to navigate these challenging, rapidly changing environments.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":721, "Sentence":"Initial planning should be based on a careful data collection and analysis on the armed forces and groups to be disarmed, disaggregated by sex and age, as well as an analysis of the dynamics of armed violence and illicitly held weapons and ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament initial planning based careful data collection analysis armed force group disarmed disaggregated sex age well analysis dynamic armed violence illicitly held weapon ammunition ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Initial planning should be based on a careful data collection and analysis on the armed forces and groups to be disarmed, disaggregated by sex and age, as well as an analysis of the dynamics of armed violence and illicitly held weapons and ammunition. DDR programmes are increasingly implemented in environments with a myriad of armed forces and groups whose alliances are fluid or unclear, often within a context of weak State institutions and fragile or absent rule of law. Solid analysis informed by continuous data gathering and assessment is essential in order to navigate these challenging, rapidly changing environments.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":721, "Sentence":"DDR programmes are increasingly implemented in environments with a myriad of armed forces and groups whose alliances are fluid or unclear, often within a context of weak State institutions and fragile or absent rule of law.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ddr programme increasingly implemented environment myriad armed force group whose alliance fluid unclear often within context weak state institution fragile absent rule law ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Initial planning should be based on a careful data collection and analysis on the armed forces and groups to be disarmed, disaggregated by sex and age, as well as an analysis of the dynamics of armed violence and illicitly held weapons and ammunition. DDR programmes are increasingly implemented in environments with a myriad of armed forces and groups whose alliances are fluid or unclear, often within a context of weak State institutions and fragile or absent rule of law. Solid analysis informed by continuous data gathering and assessment is essential in order to navigate these challenging, rapidly changing environments.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":721, "Sentence":"Solid analysis informed by continuous data gathering and assessment is essential in order to navigate these challenging, rapidly changing environments.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament solid analysis informed continuous data gathering assessment essential order navigate challenging rapidly changing environment ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ddr integrated assessment start early possible peace negotiation process preplanning phase see iddrs 3.11 integrated assessment ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament assessment contribute determining whether disarmament transitional arm control initiative desirable feasible current context potential positive negative impact activities.the collection information ongoing process requires sufficient resource ensure assessment updated throughout lifecycle ddr programme ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament information management system data protection measure employed start ddr practitioner support un mission lead un agencyies information technology unit ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament collection data relating weapon carry sensitive undertaking present significant risk ddr practitioner source ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament united nation security guideline followed time particularly regard protecting source maintaining anonymity.integrated assessment include information related political security context main driver armed conflict ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament addition order design evidencebased agespecific gendersensitive disarmament operation integrated assessment include n analysis membership armed force group number origin age sex etc ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament arsenal estimate number type weapon ammunition explosive n analysis pattern weapon possession among men woman girl boy youth n mapping location access route materiel potential cache extent possible n understanding power imbalance disparity weapon possession community n analysis use weapon commission serious human right violation abuse grave breach international humanitarian law well crime including organized crime n understanding cultural gendered attitude towards weapon value arm ammunition locally n identification source illicit weapon ammunition possible trafficking route n lesson learnt past disarmament weapon collection initiative n understanding willingness incentive armed force group participate ddr ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"\\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n assessment presence armed group involved ddr possible impact group ddr process.methods gather data including desk research telephone interview facetoface meeting adapted resource available well security political context ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament information centralized managed dedicated focal point.box 1 collect information n use information already available previous un report publication specialized research centre etc .." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament research often already undertaken conflictaffected state particularly country previously implemented ddr programme ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"\\n Engage with national authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n engage national authority ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament talk expert obtain available data e.g . previous salw survey data ddr data national register weapon record thefts\/looting storage facility ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"\\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n ensure data collected individual sex age disaggregated ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"\\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n ceasefires implemented warring party may provided declaration force purpose monitoring ceasefire ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament declaration typically include information related disengagement movement troop weapon ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"\\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n obtain data seizure weapon discovery cache provide insight armed force group posse materiel well origin context seizure take place ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"\\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n ddr programme implemented support un peace operation organize regular meeting compare observation information un agency collecting data security issue armed force group well relevant international organization diplomatic representation ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"\\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n develop network key informant including meeting excombatants male female representative member armed force group ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament done line policy un mission engaging armed force group line un \u2019 guidance modality engagement armed force group see annex b ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"\\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n meet community leader woman \u2019 organization youth group human right organization civil society group ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Integrated assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A DDR integrated assessment should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). This assessment should contribute to determining whether disarmament or any transitional arms control initiatives are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the potential positive and negative impacts of any such activities.The collection of information is an ongoing process that requires sufficient resources to ensure that assessments are updated throughout the lifecycle of a DDR programme. Information management systems and data protection measures should be employed from the start by DDR practitioners with support from the UN mission or lead UN agency(ies) Information Technology (IT) unit. The collection of data relating to weapons and those who carry them is a sensitive undertaking and can present significant risks to DDR practitioners and their sources. United Nations security guidelines should be followed at all times, particularly with regards to protecting sources by maintaining their anonymity.Integrated assessments should include information related to the political and security context and the main drivers of armed conflict. In addition, in order to design evidence-based, age-specific and gender-sensitive disarmament operations, the integrated assessment should include: \\n An analysis of the memberships of armed forces and groups (number, origin, age, sex, etc.) and their arsenals (estimates of the number and the type of weapons, ammunition and explosives); \\n An analysis of the patterns of weapons possession among men, women, girls, boys, and youth; \\n A mapping of the locations and access routes to materiel and potential caches (to the extent possible); \\n An understanding of the power imbalances and disparities in weapons possession between communities; \\n An analysis of the use of weapons in the commission of serious human rights violations or abuses and grave breaches of international humanitarian law, as well as crime, including organized crime; \\n An understanding of cultural and gendered attitudes towards weapons and the value of arms and ammunition locally; \\n The identification of sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes; \\n Lessons learnt from any past disarmament or weapons collections initiatives; \\n An understanding of the willingness of and incentives for armed forces and groups to participate in DDR. \\n An assessment of the presence of armed groups not involved in DDR and the possible impact these groups can have on the DDR process.Methods to gather data, including desk research, telephone interviews and face-to-face meetings, should be adapted to the resources available, as well as to the security and political context. Information should be centralized and managed by a dedicated focal point.BOX 1: HOW TO COLLECT INFORMATION \\n Use information already available (previous UN reports, publications by specialized research centres, etc.). Research has often already been undertaken in conflict-affected States, particularly if a country has previously implemented a DDR programme. \\n Engage with national authorities. Talk to their experts and obtain available data (e.g., previous SALW survey data, DDR data, national registers of weapons, and records of thefts\/looting from storage facilities). \\n Ensure that all data collected on individuals is sex and age disaggregated. \\n If ceasefires have been implemented, warring parties may have provided a declaration of forces for the purpose of monitoring the ceasefire. Such declarations typically include information related to the disengagement and movement of troops and weapons. \\n Obtain data from seizures of weapons or discoveries of caches that provide insight into which armed forces and groups possess which materiel, as well as its origins and the context in which the seizures take place. \\n If the DDR programme is to be implemented with the support of a UN peace operation, organize regular meetings to compare observations and information with other UN agencies collecting data on security issues and armed forces and groups, as well as with other relevant international organizations and diplomatic representations. \\n Develop a network of key informants, including by meeting with ex-combatants and with male and female representatives and members of armed forces and groups. This should be done in line with the policy of the UN mission on engaging with armed forces and groups, if any, and in line with the UN\u2019s guidance on the modalities of engagement with armed forces and groups (see Annex B). \\n Meet with community leaders, women\u2019s organizations, youth groups, human rights organizations and other civil society groups. \\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":722, "Sentence":"\\n Search for information and images on social media (e.g., monitor Facebook pages of armed groups and national defence forces).Once sufficient, reliable information has been gathered, collaborative plans can be drawn up by the National DDR Commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings or the National DDR Commission and lead UN agency(ies) in non-mission settings outlining the intended locations and site requirements for disarmament operations, the logistics and staffing required to carry out disarmament, and a timetable for operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n search information image social medium e.g . monitor facebook page armed group national defence forces.once sufficient reliable information gathered collaborative plan drawn national ddr commission un ddr component mission setting national ddr commission lead un agencyies nonmission setting outlining intended location site requirement disarmament operation logistics staffing required carry disarmament timetable operation ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.2 Weapons survey", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"An accurate and detailed weapons survey is essential to draw up effective and safe plans for the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Weapons surveys are also important for transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Sufficient data on the number and type of weapons, ammunition and explosives that can be expected to be recovered are crucial. A weapons survey enables the accurate definition of the extent of the disarmament task, allowing for planning of the collection and future storage and destruction requirements. The more accurate and verifiable the initial data regarding the specifically identified armed forces and groups participating in the conflict, the better the capacity of the UN to make appropriate plans or provide national authorities with relevant advice to achieve the aims of the disarmament component. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for understanding the age- and gender-specific impacts of arms misuse and for designing evidence-based, gender-responsive disarmament operations to address them. It is important to take into consideration the fact that, while women may be active members of armed groups, they may not actually hold weapons. Evidence has shown that female combatants have been left out of DDR processes as a result of this on multiple occasions in the past. A gender-responsive mapping of armed forces and groups is therefore critical to identify patterns of gender-differentiated roles within armed forces and groups, and to ensure that the design of any approach is appropriately targeted.A weapons survey should be implemented as early as possible in the planning of a DDR programme; however, it requires significant resources, access to sensitive and often unstable parts of the country, buy-in from local authorities and ownership by national authorities, all of which can take considerable time to pull together and secure. A survey should draw on a range of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information (see Annex C on the methodology of weapons surveys).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":723, "Sentence":"An accurate and detailed weapons survey is essential to draw up effective and safe plans for the disarmament component of a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament accurate detailed weapon survey essential draw effective safe plan disarmament component ddr programme ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.2 Weapons survey", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"An accurate and detailed weapons survey is essential to draw up effective and safe plans for the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Weapons surveys are also important for transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Sufficient data on the number and type of weapons, ammunition and explosives that can be expected to be recovered are crucial. A weapons survey enables the accurate definition of the extent of the disarmament task, allowing for planning of the collection and future storage and destruction requirements. The more accurate and verifiable the initial data regarding the specifically identified armed forces and groups participating in the conflict, the better the capacity of the UN to make appropriate plans or provide national authorities with relevant advice to achieve the aims of the disarmament component. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for understanding the age- and gender-specific impacts of arms misuse and for designing evidence-based, gender-responsive disarmament operations to address them. It is important to take into consideration the fact that, while women may be active members of armed groups, they may not actually hold weapons. Evidence has shown that female combatants have been left out of DDR processes as a result of this on multiple occasions in the past. A gender-responsive mapping of armed forces and groups is therefore critical to identify patterns of gender-differentiated roles within armed forces and groups, and to ensure that the design of any approach is appropriately targeted.A weapons survey should be implemented as early as possible in the planning of a DDR programme; however, it requires significant resources, access to sensitive and often unstable parts of the country, buy-in from local authorities and ownership by national authorities, all of which can take considerable time to pull together and secure. A survey should draw on a range of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information (see Annex C on the methodology of weapons surveys).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":723, "Sentence":"Weapons surveys are also important for transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament weapon survey also important transitional weapon ammunition management activity iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammunition management ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.2 Weapons survey", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"An accurate and detailed weapons survey is essential to draw up effective and safe plans for the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Weapons surveys are also important for transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Sufficient data on the number and type of weapons, ammunition and explosives that can be expected to be recovered are crucial. A weapons survey enables the accurate definition of the extent of the disarmament task, allowing for planning of the collection and future storage and destruction requirements. The more accurate and verifiable the initial data regarding the specifically identified armed forces and groups participating in the conflict, the better the capacity of the UN to make appropriate plans or provide national authorities with relevant advice to achieve the aims of the disarmament component. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for understanding the age- and gender-specific impacts of arms misuse and for designing evidence-based, gender-responsive disarmament operations to address them. It is important to take into consideration the fact that, while women may be active members of armed groups, they may not actually hold weapons. Evidence has shown that female combatants have been left out of DDR processes as a result of this on multiple occasions in the past. A gender-responsive mapping of armed forces and groups is therefore critical to identify patterns of gender-differentiated roles within armed forces and groups, and to ensure that the design of any approach is appropriately targeted.A weapons survey should be implemented as early as possible in the planning of a DDR programme; however, it requires significant resources, access to sensitive and often unstable parts of the country, buy-in from local authorities and ownership by national authorities, all of which can take considerable time to pull together and secure. A survey should draw on a range of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information (see Annex C on the methodology of weapons surveys).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":723, "Sentence":"Sufficient data on the number and type of weapons, ammunition and explosives that can be expected to be recovered are crucial.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament sufficient data number type weapon ammunition explosive expected recovered crucial ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.2 Weapons survey", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"An accurate and detailed weapons survey is essential to draw up effective and safe plans for the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Weapons surveys are also important for transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Sufficient data on the number and type of weapons, ammunition and explosives that can be expected to be recovered are crucial. A weapons survey enables the accurate definition of the extent of the disarmament task, allowing for planning of the collection and future storage and destruction requirements. The more accurate and verifiable the initial data regarding the specifically identified armed forces and groups participating in the conflict, the better the capacity of the UN to make appropriate plans or provide national authorities with relevant advice to achieve the aims of the disarmament component. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for understanding the age- and gender-specific impacts of arms misuse and for designing evidence-based, gender-responsive disarmament operations to address them. It is important to take into consideration the fact that, while women may be active members of armed groups, they may not actually hold weapons. Evidence has shown that female combatants have been left out of DDR processes as a result of this on multiple occasions in the past. A gender-responsive mapping of armed forces and groups is therefore critical to identify patterns of gender-differentiated roles within armed forces and groups, and to ensure that the design of any approach is appropriately targeted.A weapons survey should be implemented as early as possible in the planning of a DDR programme; however, it requires significant resources, access to sensitive and often unstable parts of the country, buy-in from local authorities and ownership by national authorities, all of which can take considerable time to pull together and secure. A survey should draw on a range of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information (see Annex C on the methodology of weapons surveys).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":723, "Sentence":"A weapons survey enables the accurate definition of the extent of the disarmament task, allowing for planning of the collection and future storage and destruction requirements.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament weapon survey enables accurate definition extent disarmament task allowing planning collection future storage destruction requirement ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.2 Weapons survey", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"An accurate and detailed weapons survey is essential to draw up effective and safe plans for the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Weapons surveys are also important for transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Sufficient data on the number and type of weapons, ammunition and explosives that can be expected to be recovered are crucial. A weapons survey enables the accurate definition of the extent of the disarmament task, allowing for planning of the collection and future storage and destruction requirements. The more accurate and verifiable the initial data regarding the specifically identified armed forces and groups participating in the conflict, the better the capacity of the UN to make appropriate plans or provide national authorities with relevant advice to achieve the aims of the disarmament component. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for understanding the age- and gender-specific impacts of arms misuse and for designing evidence-based, gender-responsive disarmament operations to address them. It is important to take into consideration the fact that, while women may be active members of armed groups, they may not actually hold weapons. Evidence has shown that female combatants have been left out of DDR processes as a result of this on multiple occasions in the past. A gender-responsive mapping of armed forces and groups is therefore critical to identify patterns of gender-differentiated roles within armed forces and groups, and to ensure that the design of any approach is appropriately targeted.A weapons survey should be implemented as early as possible in the planning of a DDR programme; however, it requires significant resources, access to sensitive and often unstable parts of the country, buy-in from local authorities and ownership by national authorities, all of which can take considerable time to pull together and secure. A survey should draw on a range of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information (see Annex C on the methodology of weapons surveys).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":723, "Sentence":"The more accurate and verifiable the initial data regarding the specifically identified armed forces and groups participating in the conflict, the better the capacity of the UN to make appropriate plans or provide national authorities with relevant advice to achieve the aims of the disarmament component.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament accurate verifiable initial data regarding specifically identified armed force group participating conflict better capacity un make appropriate plan provide national authority relevant advice achieve aim disarmament component ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.2 Weapons survey", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"An accurate and detailed weapons survey is essential to draw up effective and safe plans for the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Weapons surveys are also important for transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Sufficient data on the number and type of weapons, ammunition and explosives that can be expected to be recovered are crucial. A weapons survey enables the accurate definition of the extent of the disarmament task, allowing for planning of the collection and future storage and destruction requirements. The more accurate and verifiable the initial data regarding the specifically identified armed forces and groups participating in the conflict, the better the capacity of the UN to make appropriate plans or provide national authorities with relevant advice to achieve the aims of the disarmament component. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for understanding the age- and gender-specific impacts of arms misuse and for designing evidence-based, gender-responsive disarmament operations to address them. It is important to take into consideration the fact that, while women may be active members of armed groups, they may not actually hold weapons. Evidence has shown that female combatants have been left out of DDR processes as a result of this on multiple occasions in the past. A gender-responsive mapping of armed forces and groups is therefore critical to identify patterns of gender-differentiated roles within armed forces and groups, and to ensure that the design of any approach is appropriately targeted.A weapons survey should be implemented as early as possible in the planning of a DDR programme; however, it requires significant resources, access to sensitive and often unstable parts of the country, buy-in from local authorities and ownership by national authorities, all of which can take considerable time to pull together and secure. A survey should draw on a range of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information (see Annex C on the methodology of weapons surveys).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":723, "Sentence":"Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for understanding the age- and gender-specific impacts of arms misuse and for designing evidence-based, gender-responsive disarmament operations to address them.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament data disaggregated sex age prerequisite understanding age genderspecific impact arm misuse designing evidencebased genderresponsive disarmament operation address ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.2 Weapons survey", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"An accurate and detailed weapons survey is essential to draw up effective and safe plans for the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Weapons surveys are also important for transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Sufficient data on the number and type of weapons, ammunition and explosives that can be expected to be recovered are crucial. A weapons survey enables the accurate definition of the extent of the disarmament task, allowing for planning of the collection and future storage and destruction requirements. The more accurate and verifiable the initial data regarding the specifically identified armed forces and groups participating in the conflict, the better the capacity of the UN to make appropriate plans or provide national authorities with relevant advice to achieve the aims of the disarmament component. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for understanding the age- and gender-specific impacts of arms misuse and for designing evidence-based, gender-responsive disarmament operations to address them. It is important to take into consideration the fact that, while women may be active members of armed groups, they may not actually hold weapons. Evidence has shown that female combatants have been left out of DDR processes as a result of this on multiple occasions in the past. A gender-responsive mapping of armed forces and groups is therefore critical to identify patterns of gender-differentiated roles within armed forces and groups, and to ensure that the design of any approach is appropriately targeted.A weapons survey should be implemented as early as possible in the planning of a DDR programme; however, it requires significant resources, access to sensitive and often unstable parts of the country, buy-in from local authorities and ownership by national authorities, all of which can take considerable time to pull together and secure. A survey should draw on a range of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information (see Annex C on the methodology of weapons surveys).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":723, "Sentence":"It is important to take into consideration the fact that, while women may be active members of armed groups, they may not actually hold weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament important take consideration fact woman may active member armed group may actually hold weapon ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.2 Weapons survey", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"An accurate and detailed weapons survey is essential to draw up effective and safe plans for the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Weapons surveys are also important for transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Sufficient data on the number and type of weapons, ammunition and explosives that can be expected to be recovered are crucial. A weapons survey enables the accurate definition of the extent of the disarmament task, allowing for planning of the collection and future storage and destruction requirements. The more accurate and verifiable the initial data regarding the specifically identified armed forces and groups participating in the conflict, the better the capacity of the UN to make appropriate plans or provide national authorities with relevant advice to achieve the aims of the disarmament component. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for understanding the age- and gender-specific impacts of arms misuse and for designing evidence-based, gender-responsive disarmament operations to address them. It is important to take into consideration the fact that, while women may be active members of armed groups, they may not actually hold weapons. Evidence has shown that female combatants have been left out of DDR processes as a result of this on multiple occasions in the past. A gender-responsive mapping of armed forces and groups is therefore critical to identify patterns of gender-differentiated roles within armed forces and groups, and to ensure that the design of any approach is appropriately targeted.A weapons survey should be implemented as early as possible in the planning of a DDR programme; however, it requires significant resources, access to sensitive and often unstable parts of the country, buy-in from local authorities and ownership by national authorities, all of which can take considerable time to pull together and secure. A survey should draw on a range of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information (see Annex C on the methodology of weapons surveys).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":723, "Sentence":"Evidence has shown that female combatants have been left out of DDR processes as a result of this on multiple occasions in the past.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament evidence shown female combatant left ddr process result multiple occasion past ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.2 Weapons survey", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"An accurate and detailed weapons survey is essential to draw up effective and safe plans for the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Weapons surveys are also important for transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Sufficient data on the number and type of weapons, ammunition and explosives that can be expected to be recovered are crucial. A weapons survey enables the accurate definition of the extent of the disarmament task, allowing for planning of the collection and future storage and destruction requirements. The more accurate and verifiable the initial data regarding the specifically identified armed forces and groups participating in the conflict, the better the capacity of the UN to make appropriate plans or provide national authorities with relevant advice to achieve the aims of the disarmament component. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for understanding the age- and gender-specific impacts of arms misuse and for designing evidence-based, gender-responsive disarmament operations to address them. It is important to take into consideration the fact that, while women may be active members of armed groups, they may not actually hold weapons. Evidence has shown that female combatants have been left out of DDR processes as a result of this on multiple occasions in the past. A gender-responsive mapping of armed forces and groups is therefore critical to identify patterns of gender-differentiated roles within armed forces and groups, and to ensure that the design of any approach is appropriately targeted.A weapons survey should be implemented as early as possible in the planning of a DDR programme; however, it requires significant resources, access to sensitive and often unstable parts of the country, buy-in from local authorities and ownership by national authorities, all of which can take considerable time to pull together and secure. A survey should draw on a range of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information (see Annex C on the methodology of weapons surveys).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":723, "Sentence":"A gender-responsive mapping of armed forces and groups is therefore critical to identify patterns of gender-differentiated roles within armed forces and groups, and to ensure that the design of any approach is appropriately targeted.A weapons survey should be implemented as early as possible in the planning of a DDR programme; however, it requires significant resources, access to sensitive and often unstable parts of the country, buy-in from local authorities and ownership by national authorities, all of which can take considerable time to pull together and secure.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament genderresponsive mapping armed force group therefore critical identify pattern genderdifferentiated role within armed force group ensure design approach appropriately targeted.a weapon survey implemented early possible planning ddr programme however requires significant resource access sensitive often unstable part country buyin local authority ownership national authority take considerable time pull together secure ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"5.1.2 Weapons survey", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"An accurate and detailed weapons survey is essential to draw up effective and safe plans for the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Weapons surveys are also important for transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Sufficient data on the number and type of weapons, ammunition and explosives that can be expected to be recovered are crucial. A weapons survey enables the accurate definition of the extent of the disarmament task, allowing for planning of the collection and future storage and destruction requirements. The more accurate and verifiable the initial data regarding the specifically identified armed forces and groups participating in the conflict, the better the capacity of the UN to make appropriate plans or provide national authorities with relevant advice to achieve the aims of the disarmament component. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for understanding the age- and gender-specific impacts of arms misuse and for designing evidence-based, gender-responsive disarmament operations to address them. It is important to take into consideration the fact that, while women may be active members of armed groups, they may not actually hold weapons. Evidence has shown that female combatants have been left out of DDR processes as a result of this on multiple occasions in the past. A gender-responsive mapping of armed forces and groups is therefore critical to identify patterns of gender-differentiated roles within armed forces and groups, and to ensure that the design of any approach is appropriately targeted.A weapons survey should be implemented as early as possible in the planning of a DDR programme; however, it requires significant resources, access to sensitive and often unstable parts of the country, buy-in from local authorities and ownership by national authorities, all of which can take considerable time to pull together and secure. A survey should draw on a range of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information (see Annex C on the methodology of weapons surveys).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":723, "Sentence":"A survey should draw on a range of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information (see Annex C on the methodology of weapons surveys).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament survey draw range research method source order collate compare confirm information see annex c methodology weapon survey ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.2 Objectives of disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The overarching aim of the disarmament component of a DDR programme is to control and reduce arms, ammunition and explosives held by combatants before demobilization in order to build confidence in the peace process, increase security and prevent a return to conflict. Clear operational objectives should also be developed and agreed. These may include: \\n A reduction in the number of weapons, ammunition and explosives possessed by, or available to, armed forces and groups; \\n A reduction in actual armed violence or the threat of it; \\n Optimally zero, or at the most minimal, casualties during the disarmament component; \\n An improvement in the perception of human security by men, women, boys, girls and youth within communities; \\n A public connection between the availability of weapons and armed violence in society; \\n The development of community awareness of the problem and hence community solidarity; \\n The reduction and disruption of the illicit trade of weapons within the DDR area of operations; \\n A reduction in the open visibility of weapons in the community; \\n A reduction in crimes committed with weapons, such as conflict-related sexual violence; \\n The development of norms against the illegal use of weapons.BOX 2: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF DISARMAMENT \\n The disarmament objectives listed in section 5.2 could serve as a basis for the identification of performance indicators to track progress and assess the impact of disarmament interventions. Monitoring and evaluating the disarmament component of a DDR programme should form part of the overall monitoring and evaluation framework of the DDR process, and specific resources should be earmarked for this purpose (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR). \\n Standardized indicators to monitor and evaluate disarmament operations should be identified early in the DDR programme. Quantitative indicators could be developed in line with specific technical outputs providing clear measures, including the number of weapons and rounds of ammunition collected, the number of items recorded, marked and destroyed, or the number of items lost or stolen in the process. Qualitative indicators might include the evolution of the armed criminality rate in the target area, or perceptions of security in the target population disaggregated by sex and age. Information collection efforts and a weapons survey (see section 5.1) provide useful sources for identifying key indicators and measuring progress. \\n\\n Monitoring and evaluation should also verify that: \\n Gender- and age-specific risks to women and men have been adequately and equitably addressed. \\n Women and men participate in all aspects of the initiative \u2013 design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n The initiative contributes to gender equality.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":724, "Sentence":"The overarching aim of the disarmament component of a DDR programme is to control and reduce arms, ammunition and explosives held by combatants before demobilization in order to build confidence in the peace process, increase security and prevent a return to conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament overarching aim disarmament component ddr programme control reduce arm ammunition explosive held combatant demobilization order build confidence peace process increase security prevent return conflict ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.2 Objectives of disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The overarching aim of the disarmament component of a DDR programme is to control and reduce arms, ammunition and explosives held by combatants before demobilization in order to build confidence in the peace process, increase security and prevent a return to conflict. Clear operational objectives should also be developed and agreed. These may include: \\n A reduction in the number of weapons, ammunition and explosives possessed by, or available to, armed forces and groups; \\n A reduction in actual armed violence or the threat of it; \\n Optimally zero, or at the most minimal, casualties during the disarmament component; \\n An improvement in the perception of human security by men, women, boys, girls and youth within communities; \\n A public connection between the availability of weapons and armed violence in society; \\n The development of community awareness of the problem and hence community solidarity; \\n The reduction and disruption of the illicit trade of weapons within the DDR area of operations; \\n A reduction in the open visibility of weapons in the community; \\n A reduction in crimes committed with weapons, such as conflict-related sexual violence; \\n The development of norms against the illegal use of weapons.BOX 2: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF DISARMAMENT \\n The disarmament objectives listed in section 5.2 could serve as a basis for the identification of performance indicators to track progress and assess the impact of disarmament interventions. Monitoring and evaluating the disarmament component of a DDR programme should form part of the overall monitoring and evaluation framework of the DDR process, and specific resources should be earmarked for this purpose (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR). \\n Standardized indicators to monitor and evaluate disarmament operations should be identified early in the DDR programme. Quantitative indicators could be developed in line with specific technical outputs providing clear measures, including the number of weapons and rounds of ammunition collected, the number of items recorded, marked and destroyed, or the number of items lost or stolen in the process. Qualitative indicators might include the evolution of the armed criminality rate in the target area, or perceptions of security in the target population disaggregated by sex and age. Information collection efforts and a weapons survey (see section 5.1) provide useful sources for identifying key indicators and measuring progress. \\n\\n Monitoring and evaluation should also verify that: \\n Gender- and age-specific risks to women and men have been adequately and equitably addressed. \\n Women and men participate in all aspects of the initiative \u2013 design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n The initiative contributes to gender equality.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":724, "Sentence":"Clear operational objectives should also be developed and agreed.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament clear operational objective also developed agreed ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.2 Objectives of disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The overarching aim of the disarmament component of a DDR programme is to control and reduce arms, ammunition and explosives held by combatants before demobilization in order to build confidence in the peace process, increase security and prevent a return to conflict. Clear operational objectives should also be developed and agreed. These may include: \\n A reduction in the number of weapons, ammunition and explosives possessed by, or available to, armed forces and groups; \\n A reduction in actual armed violence or the threat of it; \\n Optimally zero, or at the most minimal, casualties during the disarmament component; \\n An improvement in the perception of human security by men, women, boys, girls and youth within communities; \\n A public connection between the availability of weapons and armed violence in society; \\n The development of community awareness of the problem and hence community solidarity; \\n The reduction and disruption of the illicit trade of weapons within the DDR area of operations; \\n A reduction in the open visibility of weapons in the community; \\n A reduction in crimes committed with weapons, such as conflict-related sexual violence; \\n The development of norms against the illegal use of weapons.BOX 2: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF DISARMAMENT \\n The disarmament objectives listed in section 5.2 could serve as a basis for the identification of performance indicators to track progress and assess the impact of disarmament interventions. Monitoring and evaluating the disarmament component of a DDR programme should form part of the overall monitoring and evaluation framework of the DDR process, and specific resources should be earmarked for this purpose (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR). \\n Standardized indicators to monitor and evaluate disarmament operations should be identified early in the DDR programme. Quantitative indicators could be developed in line with specific technical outputs providing clear measures, including the number of weapons and rounds of ammunition collected, the number of items recorded, marked and destroyed, or the number of items lost or stolen in the process. Qualitative indicators might include the evolution of the armed criminality rate in the target area, or perceptions of security in the target population disaggregated by sex and age. Information collection efforts and a weapons survey (see section 5.1) provide useful sources for identifying key indicators and measuring progress. \\n\\n Monitoring and evaluation should also verify that: \\n Gender- and age-specific risks to women and men have been adequately and equitably addressed. \\n Women and men participate in all aspects of the initiative \u2013 design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n The initiative contributes to gender equality.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":724, "Sentence":"These may include: \\n A reduction in the number of weapons, ammunition and explosives possessed by, or available to, armed forces and groups; \\n A reduction in actual armed violence or the threat of it; \\n Optimally zero, or at the most minimal, casualties during the disarmament component; \\n An improvement in the perception of human security by men, women, boys, girls and youth within communities; \\n A public connection between the availability of weapons and armed violence in society; \\n The development of community awareness of the problem and hence community solidarity; \\n The reduction and disruption of the illicit trade of weapons within the DDR area of operations; \\n A reduction in the open visibility of weapons in the community; \\n A reduction in crimes committed with weapons, such as conflict-related sexual violence; \\n The development of norms against the illegal use of weapons.BOX 2: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF DISARMAMENT \\n The disarmament objectives listed in section 5.2 could serve as a basis for the identification of performance indicators to track progress and assess the impact of disarmament interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament may include n reduction number weapon ammunition explosive possessed available armed force group n reduction actual armed violence threat n optimally zero minimal casualty disarmament component n improvement perception human security men woman boy girl youth within community n public connection availability weapon armed violence society n development community awareness problem hence community solidarity n reduction disruption illicit trade weapon within ddr area operation n reduction open visibility weapon community n reduction crime committed weapon conflictrelated sexual violence n development norm illegal use weapons.box 2 monitoring evaluation disarmament n disarmament objective listed section 5.2 could serve basis identification performance indicator track progress ass impact disarmament intervention ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.2 Objectives of disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The overarching aim of the disarmament component of a DDR programme is to control and reduce arms, ammunition and explosives held by combatants before demobilization in order to build confidence in the peace process, increase security and prevent a return to conflict. Clear operational objectives should also be developed and agreed. These may include: \\n A reduction in the number of weapons, ammunition and explosives possessed by, or available to, armed forces and groups; \\n A reduction in actual armed violence or the threat of it; \\n Optimally zero, or at the most minimal, casualties during the disarmament component; \\n An improvement in the perception of human security by men, women, boys, girls and youth within communities; \\n A public connection between the availability of weapons and armed violence in society; \\n The development of community awareness of the problem and hence community solidarity; \\n The reduction and disruption of the illicit trade of weapons within the DDR area of operations; \\n A reduction in the open visibility of weapons in the community; \\n A reduction in crimes committed with weapons, such as conflict-related sexual violence; \\n The development of norms against the illegal use of weapons.BOX 2: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF DISARMAMENT \\n The disarmament objectives listed in section 5.2 could serve as a basis for the identification of performance indicators to track progress and assess the impact of disarmament interventions. Monitoring and evaluating the disarmament component of a DDR programme should form part of the overall monitoring and evaluation framework of the DDR process, and specific resources should be earmarked for this purpose (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR). \\n Standardized indicators to monitor and evaluate disarmament operations should be identified early in the DDR programme. Quantitative indicators could be developed in line with specific technical outputs providing clear measures, including the number of weapons and rounds of ammunition collected, the number of items recorded, marked and destroyed, or the number of items lost or stolen in the process. Qualitative indicators might include the evolution of the armed criminality rate in the target area, or perceptions of security in the target population disaggregated by sex and age. Information collection efforts and a weapons survey (see section 5.1) provide useful sources for identifying key indicators and measuring progress. \\n\\n Monitoring and evaluation should also verify that: \\n Gender- and age-specific risks to women and men have been adequately and equitably addressed. \\n Women and men participate in all aspects of the initiative \u2013 design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n The initiative contributes to gender equality.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":724, "Sentence":"Monitoring and evaluating the disarmament component of a DDR programme should form part of the overall monitoring and evaluation framework of the DDR process, and specific resources should be earmarked for this purpose (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament monitoring evaluating disarmament component ddr programme form part overall monitoring evaluation framework ddr process specific resource earmarked purpose see iddrs 3.50 monitoring evaluation ddr ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.2 Objectives of disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The overarching aim of the disarmament component of a DDR programme is to control and reduce arms, ammunition and explosives held by combatants before demobilization in order to build confidence in the peace process, increase security and prevent a return to conflict. Clear operational objectives should also be developed and agreed. These may include: \\n A reduction in the number of weapons, ammunition and explosives possessed by, or available to, armed forces and groups; \\n A reduction in actual armed violence or the threat of it; \\n Optimally zero, or at the most minimal, casualties during the disarmament component; \\n An improvement in the perception of human security by men, women, boys, girls and youth within communities; \\n A public connection between the availability of weapons and armed violence in society; \\n The development of community awareness of the problem and hence community solidarity; \\n The reduction and disruption of the illicit trade of weapons within the DDR area of operations; \\n A reduction in the open visibility of weapons in the community; \\n A reduction in crimes committed with weapons, such as conflict-related sexual violence; \\n The development of norms against the illegal use of weapons.BOX 2: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF DISARMAMENT \\n The disarmament objectives listed in section 5.2 could serve as a basis for the identification of performance indicators to track progress and assess the impact of disarmament interventions. Monitoring and evaluating the disarmament component of a DDR programme should form part of the overall monitoring and evaluation framework of the DDR process, and specific resources should be earmarked for this purpose (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR). \\n Standardized indicators to monitor and evaluate disarmament operations should be identified early in the DDR programme. Quantitative indicators could be developed in line with specific technical outputs providing clear measures, including the number of weapons and rounds of ammunition collected, the number of items recorded, marked and destroyed, or the number of items lost or stolen in the process. Qualitative indicators might include the evolution of the armed criminality rate in the target area, or perceptions of security in the target population disaggregated by sex and age. Information collection efforts and a weapons survey (see section 5.1) provide useful sources for identifying key indicators and measuring progress. \\n\\n Monitoring and evaluation should also verify that: \\n Gender- and age-specific risks to women and men have been adequately and equitably addressed. \\n Women and men participate in all aspects of the initiative \u2013 design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n The initiative contributes to gender equality.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":724, "Sentence":"\\n Standardized indicators to monitor and evaluate disarmament operations should be identified early in the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n standardized indicator monitor evaluate disarmament operation identified early ddr programme ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.2 Objectives of disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The overarching aim of the disarmament component of a DDR programme is to control and reduce arms, ammunition and explosives held by combatants before demobilization in order to build confidence in the peace process, increase security and prevent a return to conflict. Clear operational objectives should also be developed and agreed. These may include: \\n A reduction in the number of weapons, ammunition and explosives possessed by, or available to, armed forces and groups; \\n A reduction in actual armed violence or the threat of it; \\n Optimally zero, or at the most minimal, casualties during the disarmament component; \\n An improvement in the perception of human security by men, women, boys, girls and youth within communities; \\n A public connection between the availability of weapons and armed violence in society; \\n The development of community awareness of the problem and hence community solidarity; \\n The reduction and disruption of the illicit trade of weapons within the DDR area of operations; \\n A reduction in the open visibility of weapons in the community; \\n A reduction in crimes committed with weapons, such as conflict-related sexual violence; \\n The development of norms against the illegal use of weapons.BOX 2: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF DISARMAMENT \\n The disarmament objectives listed in section 5.2 could serve as a basis for the identification of performance indicators to track progress and assess the impact of disarmament interventions. Monitoring and evaluating the disarmament component of a DDR programme should form part of the overall monitoring and evaluation framework of the DDR process, and specific resources should be earmarked for this purpose (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR). \\n Standardized indicators to monitor and evaluate disarmament operations should be identified early in the DDR programme. Quantitative indicators could be developed in line with specific technical outputs providing clear measures, including the number of weapons and rounds of ammunition collected, the number of items recorded, marked and destroyed, or the number of items lost or stolen in the process. Qualitative indicators might include the evolution of the armed criminality rate in the target area, or perceptions of security in the target population disaggregated by sex and age. Information collection efforts and a weapons survey (see section 5.1) provide useful sources for identifying key indicators and measuring progress. \\n\\n Monitoring and evaluation should also verify that: \\n Gender- and age-specific risks to women and men have been adequately and equitably addressed. \\n Women and men participate in all aspects of the initiative \u2013 design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n The initiative contributes to gender equality.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":724, "Sentence":"Quantitative indicators could be developed in line with specific technical outputs providing clear measures, including the number of weapons and rounds of ammunition collected, the number of items recorded, marked and destroyed, or the number of items lost or stolen in the process.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament quantitative indicator could developed line specific technical output providing clear measure including number weapon round ammunition collected number item recorded marked destroyed number item lost stolen process ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.2 Objectives of disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The overarching aim of the disarmament component of a DDR programme is to control and reduce arms, ammunition and explosives held by combatants before demobilization in order to build confidence in the peace process, increase security and prevent a return to conflict. Clear operational objectives should also be developed and agreed. These may include: \\n A reduction in the number of weapons, ammunition and explosives possessed by, or available to, armed forces and groups; \\n A reduction in actual armed violence or the threat of it; \\n Optimally zero, or at the most minimal, casualties during the disarmament component; \\n An improvement in the perception of human security by men, women, boys, girls and youth within communities; \\n A public connection between the availability of weapons and armed violence in society; \\n The development of community awareness of the problem and hence community solidarity; \\n The reduction and disruption of the illicit trade of weapons within the DDR area of operations; \\n A reduction in the open visibility of weapons in the community; \\n A reduction in crimes committed with weapons, such as conflict-related sexual violence; \\n The development of norms against the illegal use of weapons.BOX 2: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF DISARMAMENT \\n The disarmament objectives listed in section 5.2 could serve as a basis for the identification of performance indicators to track progress and assess the impact of disarmament interventions. Monitoring and evaluating the disarmament component of a DDR programme should form part of the overall monitoring and evaluation framework of the DDR process, and specific resources should be earmarked for this purpose (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR). \\n Standardized indicators to monitor and evaluate disarmament operations should be identified early in the DDR programme. Quantitative indicators could be developed in line with specific technical outputs providing clear measures, including the number of weapons and rounds of ammunition collected, the number of items recorded, marked and destroyed, or the number of items lost or stolen in the process. Qualitative indicators might include the evolution of the armed criminality rate in the target area, or perceptions of security in the target population disaggregated by sex and age. Information collection efforts and a weapons survey (see section 5.1) provide useful sources for identifying key indicators and measuring progress. \\n\\n Monitoring and evaluation should also verify that: \\n Gender- and age-specific risks to women and men have been adequately and equitably addressed. \\n Women and men participate in all aspects of the initiative \u2013 design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n The initiative contributes to gender equality.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":724, "Sentence":"Qualitative indicators might include the evolution of the armed criminality rate in the target area, or perceptions of security in the target population disaggregated by sex and age.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament qualitative indicator might include evolution armed criminality rate target area perception security target population disaggregated sex age ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.2 Objectives of disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The overarching aim of the disarmament component of a DDR programme is to control and reduce arms, ammunition and explosives held by combatants before demobilization in order to build confidence in the peace process, increase security and prevent a return to conflict. Clear operational objectives should also be developed and agreed. These may include: \\n A reduction in the number of weapons, ammunition and explosives possessed by, or available to, armed forces and groups; \\n A reduction in actual armed violence or the threat of it; \\n Optimally zero, or at the most minimal, casualties during the disarmament component; \\n An improvement in the perception of human security by men, women, boys, girls and youth within communities; \\n A public connection between the availability of weapons and armed violence in society; \\n The development of community awareness of the problem and hence community solidarity; \\n The reduction and disruption of the illicit trade of weapons within the DDR area of operations; \\n A reduction in the open visibility of weapons in the community; \\n A reduction in crimes committed with weapons, such as conflict-related sexual violence; \\n The development of norms against the illegal use of weapons.BOX 2: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF DISARMAMENT \\n The disarmament objectives listed in section 5.2 could serve as a basis for the identification of performance indicators to track progress and assess the impact of disarmament interventions. Monitoring and evaluating the disarmament component of a DDR programme should form part of the overall monitoring and evaluation framework of the DDR process, and specific resources should be earmarked for this purpose (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR). \\n Standardized indicators to monitor and evaluate disarmament operations should be identified early in the DDR programme. Quantitative indicators could be developed in line with specific technical outputs providing clear measures, including the number of weapons and rounds of ammunition collected, the number of items recorded, marked and destroyed, or the number of items lost or stolen in the process. Qualitative indicators might include the evolution of the armed criminality rate in the target area, or perceptions of security in the target population disaggregated by sex and age. Information collection efforts and a weapons survey (see section 5.1) provide useful sources for identifying key indicators and measuring progress. \\n\\n Monitoring and evaluation should also verify that: \\n Gender- and age-specific risks to women and men have been adequately and equitably addressed. \\n Women and men participate in all aspects of the initiative \u2013 design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n The initiative contributes to gender equality.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":724, "Sentence":"Information collection efforts and a weapons survey (see section 5.1) provide useful sources for identifying key indicators and measuring progress.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament information collection effort weapon survey see section 5.1 provide useful source identifying key indicator measuring progress ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.2 Objectives of disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The overarching aim of the disarmament component of a DDR programme is to control and reduce arms, ammunition and explosives held by combatants before demobilization in order to build confidence in the peace process, increase security and prevent a return to conflict. Clear operational objectives should also be developed and agreed. These may include: \\n A reduction in the number of weapons, ammunition and explosives possessed by, or available to, armed forces and groups; \\n A reduction in actual armed violence or the threat of it; \\n Optimally zero, or at the most minimal, casualties during the disarmament component; \\n An improvement in the perception of human security by men, women, boys, girls and youth within communities; \\n A public connection between the availability of weapons and armed violence in society; \\n The development of community awareness of the problem and hence community solidarity; \\n The reduction and disruption of the illicit trade of weapons within the DDR area of operations; \\n A reduction in the open visibility of weapons in the community; \\n A reduction in crimes committed with weapons, such as conflict-related sexual violence; \\n The development of norms against the illegal use of weapons.BOX 2: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF DISARMAMENT \\n The disarmament objectives listed in section 5.2 could serve as a basis for the identification of performance indicators to track progress and assess the impact of disarmament interventions. Monitoring and evaluating the disarmament component of a DDR programme should form part of the overall monitoring and evaluation framework of the DDR process, and specific resources should be earmarked for this purpose (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR). \\n Standardized indicators to monitor and evaluate disarmament operations should be identified early in the DDR programme. Quantitative indicators could be developed in line with specific technical outputs providing clear measures, including the number of weapons and rounds of ammunition collected, the number of items recorded, marked and destroyed, or the number of items lost or stolen in the process. Qualitative indicators might include the evolution of the armed criminality rate in the target area, or perceptions of security in the target population disaggregated by sex and age. Information collection efforts and a weapons survey (see section 5.1) provide useful sources for identifying key indicators and measuring progress. \\n\\n Monitoring and evaluation should also verify that: \\n Gender- and age-specific risks to women and men have been adequately and equitably addressed. \\n Women and men participate in all aspects of the initiative \u2013 design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n The initiative contributes to gender equality.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":724, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Monitoring and evaluation should also verify that: \\n Gender- and age-specific risks to women and men have been adequately and equitably addressed.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament nn monitoring evaluation also verify n gender agespecific risk woman men adequately equitably addressed ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.2 Objectives of disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The overarching aim of the disarmament component of a DDR programme is to control and reduce arms, ammunition and explosives held by combatants before demobilization in order to build confidence in the peace process, increase security and prevent a return to conflict. Clear operational objectives should also be developed and agreed. These may include: \\n A reduction in the number of weapons, ammunition and explosives possessed by, or available to, armed forces and groups; \\n A reduction in actual armed violence or the threat of it; \\n Optimally zero, or at the most minimal, casualties during the disarmament component; \\n An improvement in the perception of human security by men, women, boys, girls and youth within communities; \\n A public connection between the availability of weapons and armed violence in society; \\n The development of community awareness of the problem and hence community solidarity; \\n The reduction and disruption of the illicit trade of weapons within the DDR area of operations; \\n A reduction in the open visibility of weapons in the community; \\n A reduction in crimes committed with weapons, such as conflict-related sexual violence; \\n The development of norms against the illegal use of weapons.BOX 2: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF DISARMAMENT \\n The disarmament objectives listed in section 5.2 could serve as a basis for the identification of performance indicators to track progress and assess the impact of disarmament interventions. Monitoring and evaluating the disarmament component of a DDR programme should form part of the overall monitoring and evaluation framework of the DDR process, and specific resources should be earmarked for this purpose (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR). \\n Standardized indicators to monitor and evaluate disarmament operations should be identified early in the DDR programme. Quantitative indicators could be developed in line with specific technical outputs providing clear measures, including the number of weapons and rounds of ammunition collected, the number of items recorded, marked and destroyed, or the number of items lost or stolen in the process. Qualitative indicators might include the evolution of the armed criminality rate in the target area, or perceptions of security in the target population disaggregated by sex and age. Information collection efforts and a weapons survey (see section 5.1) provide useful sources for identifying key indicators and measuring progress. \\n\\n Monitoring and evaluation should also verify that: \\n Gender- and age-specific risks to women and men have been adequately and equitably addressed. \\n Women and men participate in all aspects of the initiative \u2013 design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n The initiative contributes to gender equality.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":724, "Sentence":"\\n Women and men participate in all aspects of the initiative \u2013 design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n woman men participate aspect initiative \u2013 design implementation monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.2 Objectives of disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The overarching aim of the disarmament component of a DDR programme is to control and reduce arms, ammunition and explosives held by combatants before demobilization in order to build confidence in the peace process, increase security and prevent a return to conflict. Clear operational objectives should also be developed and agreed. These may include: \\n A reduction in the number of weapons, ammunition and explosives possessed by, or available to, armed forces and groups; \\n A reduction in actual armed violence or the threat of it; \\n Optimally zero, or at the most minimal, casualties during the disarmament component; \\n An improvement in the perception of human security by men, women, boys, girls and youth within communities; \\n A public connection between the availability of weapons and armed violence in society; \\n The development of community awareness of the problem and hence community solidarity; \\n The reduction and disruption of the illicit trade of weapons within the DDR area of operations; \\n A reduction in the open visibility of weapons in the community; \\n A reduction in crimes committed with weapons, such as conflict-related sexual violence; \\n The development of norms against the illegal use of weapons.BOX 2: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF DISARMAMENT \\n The disarmament objectives listed in section 5.2 could serve as a basis for the identification of performance indicators to track progress and assess the impact of disarmament interventions. Monitoring and evaluating the disarmament component of a DDR programme should form part of the overall monitoring and evaluation framework of the DDR process, and specific resources should be earmarked for this purpose (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR). \\n Standardized indicators to monitor and evaluate disarmament operations should be identified early in the DDR programme. Quantitative indicators could be developed in line with specific technical outputs providing clear measures, including the number of weapons and rounds of ammunition collected, the number of items recorded, marked and destroyed, or the number of items lost or stolen in the process. Qualitative indicators might include the evolution of the armed criminality rate in the target area, or perceptions of security in the target population disaggregated by sex and age. Information collection efforts and a weapons survey (see section 5.1) provide useful sources for identifying key indicators and measuring progress. \\n\\n Monitoring and evaluation should also verify that: \\n Gender- and age-specific risks to women and men have been adequately and equitably addressed. \\n Women and men participate in all aspects of the initiative \u2013 design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. \\n The initiative contributes to gender equality.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":724, "Sentence":"\\n The initiative contributes to gender equality.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n initiative contributes gender equality ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of disarmament operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. Operational and technical risks to be assessed when considering which approach to take might relate to the combatants themselves, as well as to the types of weapons, ammunition and explosives being collected, and to external threats.In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety, and that many of the activities carried out during weapons collection operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non- governmental organizations (NGOs) must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":725, "Sentence":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of disarmament operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament comprehensive risk security assessment conducted inform planning disarmament operation identify threat ddr programme personnel well participant beneficiary ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of disarmament operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. Operational and technical risks to be assessed when considering which approach to take might relate to the combatants themselves, as well as to the types of weapons, ammunition and explosives being collected, and to external threats.In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety, and that many of the activities carried out during weapons collection operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non- governmental organizations (NGOs) must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":725, "Sentence":"The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament assessment identify tolerable risk risk accepted society given context based current value identify protective measure necessary achieve residual risk risk remaining protective measure taken ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of disarmament operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. Operational and technical risks to be assessed when considering which approach to take might relate to the combatants themselves, as well as to the types of weapons, ammunition and explosives being collected, and to external threats.In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety, and that many of the activities carried out during weapons collection operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non- governmental organizations (NGOs) must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":725, "Sentence":"Risks related to women, youth, children and other specific-needs groups should also be considered.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament risk related woman youth child specificneeds group also considered ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of disarmament operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. Operational and technical risks to be assessed when considering which approach to take might relate to the combatants themselves, as well as to the types of weapons, ammunition and explosives being collected, and to external threats.In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety, and that many of the activities carried out during weapons collection operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non- governmental organizations (NGOs) must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":725, "Sentence":"Operational and technical risks to be assessed when considering which approach to take might relate to the combatants themselves, as well as to the types of weapons, ammunition and explosives being collected, and to external threats.In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety, and that many of the activities carried out during weapons collection operations have a high risk associated with them.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament operational technical risk assessed considering approach take might relate combatant well type weapon ammunition explosive collected external threats.in developing \u2018 safe \u2019 working environment must acknowledged absolute safety many activity carried weapon collection operation high risk associated ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of disarmament operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. Operational and technical risks to be assessed when considering which approach to take might relate to the combatants themselves, as well as to the types of weapons, ammunition and explosives being collected, and to external threats.In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety, and that many of the activities carried out during weapons collection operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non- governmental organizations (NGOs) must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":725, "Sentence":"However, national authorities, international organizations and non- governmental organizations (NGOs) must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament however national authority international organization non governmental organization ngo must try achieve highest possible level safety ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Operational risks", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"There are likely to be several operational risks, depending on the context, including the following: \\n Threats to the safety and security of DDR programme personnel (both UN and non-UN): During the disarmament phase of the DDR programme, staff are likely to be in direct contact with armed individuals, including members of both armed forces and groups. Staff should be conscious not only of the risks associated with handling weapons, ammunition and explosives, but also of the risks of unpredictable behaviour as a result of the significant levels of stress that disarmament activities can generate among combatants and other stakeholders. \\n Avoid supporting weapons buy-back: UN supported DDR programmes shall avoid attaching monetary value to weapons as a means of encouraging their surrender by members of armed forces and groups. Weapons buy-back programmes within and outside DDR have proven to be inefficient and even counter-productive as they tend to fuel national and regional arms flows, which in the end can jeopardize the achievement of disarmament objectives in a DDR programme. Buy-back programmes can also have unintended societal consequences such as economically rewarding combatants and exacerbating existing gender inequalities \\n Disarmament of foreign combatants: Disarmament operations may also need to consider armed foreign combatants. Foreign combatants may be disarmed in the host country or at the border of the country of origin to which they will be returning. DDR programmes should plan for disarmament of foreign combatants within or outside repatriation agreements between the country of origin and the host country (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). \\n Terrorism and violent extremism threats: DDR programmes are increasingly being conducted in contexts affected by terrorism. Disarmament operations in these contexts require the highest security safeguards and robust on-site WAM expertise to maximize the safety of all involved. DDR practitioners should be aware of the requirements imposed on States by UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019) and Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum, in terms of, inter alia, ensuring that appropriate legal actions are taken against those who knowingly engage in providing terrorists with weapons.4 \\n Lack of sustainability: Disarmament operations shall not start unless the sustainability of funding and resources is guaranteed. Previous attempts to carry out disarmament operations with insufficient assets and funds have resulted in unconstructive, partial disarmament, a return to armed conflict, and the failure of the entire DDR process. The reconfiguring and closing of UN missions is another crucial moment that should be planned in advance. Such transitions often require handing over responsibility to national authorities or to the United Nations Country Team (UNCT). It is important to ensure these entities have the mandate and capacity to complete the DDR programme even after the withdrawal of UN mission resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":726, "Sentence":"There are likely to be several operational risks, depending on the context, including the following: \\n Threats to the safety and security of DDR programme personnel (both UN and non-UN): During the disarmament phase of the DDR programme, staff are likely to be in direct contact with armed individuals, including members of both armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament likely several operational risk depending context including following n threat safety security ddr programme personnel un nonun disarmament phase ddr programme staff likely direct contact armed individual including member armed force group ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Operational risks", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"There are likely to be several operational risks, depending on the context, including the following: \\n Threats to the safety and security of DDR programme personnel (both UN and non-UN): During the disarmament phase of the DDR programme, staff are likely to be in direct contact with armed individuals, including members of both armed forces and groups. Staff should be conscious not only of the risks associated with handling weapons, ammunition and explosives, but also of the risks of unpredictable behaviour as a result of the significant levels of stress that disarmament activities can generate among combatants and other stakeholders. \\n Avoid supporting weapons buy-back: UN supported DDR programmes shall avoid attaching monetary value to weapons as a means of encouraging their surrender by members of armed forces and groups. Weapons buy-back programmes within and outside DDR have proven to be inefficient and even counter-productive as they tend to fuel national and regional arms flows, which in the end can jeopardize the achievement of disarmament objectives in a DDR programme. Buy-back programmes can also have unintended societal consequences such as economically rewarding combatants and exacerbating existing gender inequalities \\n Disarmament of foreign combatants: Disarmament operations may also need to consider armed foreign combatants. Foreign combatants may be disarmed in the host country or at the border of the country of origin to which they will be returning. DDR programmes should plan for disarmament of foreign combatants within or outside repatriation agreements between the country of origin and the host country (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). \\n Terrorism and violent extremism threats: DDR programmes are increasingly being conducted in contexts affected by terrorism. Disarmament operations in these contexts require the highest security safeguards and robust on-site WAM expertise to maximize the safety of all involved. DDR practitioners should be aware of the requirements imposed on States by UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019) and Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum, in terms of, inter alia, ensuring that appropriate legal actions are taken against those who knowingly engage in providing terrorists with weapons.4 \\n Lack of sustainability: Disarmament operations shall not start unless the sustainability of funding and resources is guaranteed. Previous attempts to carry out disarmament operations with insufficient assets and funds have resulted in unconstructive, partial disarmament, a return to armed conflict, and the failure of the entire DDR process. The reconfiguring and closing of UN missions is another crucial moment that should be planned in advance. Such transitions often require handing over responsibility to national authorities or to the United Nations Country Team (UNCT). It is important to ensure these entities have the mandate and capacity to complete the DDR programme even after the withdrawal of UN mission resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":726, "Sentence":"Staff should be conscious not only of the risks associated with handling weapons, ammunition and explosives, but also of the risks of unpredictable behaviour as a result of the significant levels of stress that disarmament activities can generate among combatants and other stakeholders.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament staff conscious risk associated handling weapon ammunition explosive also risk unpredictable behaviour result significant level stress disarmament activity generate among combatant stakeholder ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Operational risks", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"There are likely to be several operational risks, depending on the context, including the following: \\n Threats to the safety and security of DDR programme personnel (both UN and non-UN): During the disarmament phase of the DDR programme, staff are likely to be in direct contact with armed individuals, including members of both armed forces and groups. Staff should be conscious not only of the risks associated with handling weapons, ammunition and explosives, but also of the risks of unpredictable behaviour as a result of the significant levels of stress that disarmament activities can generate among combatants and other stakeholders. \\n Avoid supporting weapons buy-back: UN supported DDR programmes shall avoid attaching monetary value to weapons as a means of encouraging their surrender by members of armed forces and groups. Weapons buy-back programmes within and outside DDR have proven to be inefficient and even counter-productive as they tend to fuel national and regional arms flows, which in the end can jeopardize the achievement of disarmament objectives in a DDR programme. Buy-back programmes can also have unintended societal consequences such as economically rewarding combatants and exacerbating existing gender inequalities \\n Disarmament of foreign combatants: Disarmament operations may also need to consider armed foreign combatants. Foreign combatants may be disarmed in the host country or at the border of the country of origin to which they will be returning. DDR programmes should plan for disarmament of foreign combatants within or outside repatriation agreements between the country of origin and the host country (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). \\n Terrorism and violent extremism threats: DDR programmes are increasingly being conducted in contexts affected by terrorism. Disarmament operations in these contexts require the highest security safeguards and robust on-site WAM expertise to maximize the safety of all involved. DDR practitioners should be aware of the requirements imposed on States by UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019) and Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum, in terms of, inter alia, ensuring that appropriate legal actions are taken against those who knowingly engage in providing terrorists with weapons.4 \\n Lack of sustainability: Disarmament operations shall not start unless the sustainability of funding and resources is guaranteed. Previous attempts to carry out disarmament operations with insufficient assets and funds have resulted in unconstructive, partial disarmament, a return to armed conflict, and the failure of the entire DDR process. The reconfiguring and closing of UN missions is another crucial moment that should be planned in advance. Such transitions often require handing over responsibility to national authorities or to the United Nations Country Team (UNCT). It is important to ensure these entities have the mandate and capacity to complete the DDR programme even after the withdrawal of UN mission resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":726, "Sentence":"\\n Avoid supporting weapons buy-back: UN supported DDR programmes shall avoid attaching monetary value to weapons as a means of encouraging their surrender by members of armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n avoid supporting weapon buyback un supported ddr programme shall avoid attaching monetary value weapon mean encouraging surrender member armed force group ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Operational risks", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"There are likely to be several operational risks, depending on the context, including the following: \\n Threats to the safety and security of DDR programme personnel (both UN and non-UN): During the disarmament phase of the DDR programme, staff are likely to be in direct contact with armed individuals, including members of both armed forces and groups. Staff should be conscious not only of the risks associated with handling weapons, ammunition and explosives, but also of the risks of unpredictable behaviour as a result of the significant levels of stress that disarmament activities can generate among combatants and other stakeholders. \\n Avoid supporting weapons buy-back: UN supported DDR programmes shall avoid attaching monetary value to weapons as a means of encouraging their surrender by members of armed forces and groups. Weapons buy-back programmes within and outside DDR have proven to be inefficient and even counter-productive as they tend to fuel national and regional arms flows, which in the end can jeopardize the achievement of disarmament objectives in a DDR programme. Buy-back programmes can also have unintended societal consequences such as economically rewarding combatants and exacerbating existing gender inequalities \\n Disarmament of foreign combatants: Disarmament operations may also need to consider armed foreign combatants. Foreign combatants may be disarmed in the host country or at the border of the country of origin to which they will be returning. DDR programmes should plan for disarmament of foreign combatants within or outside repatriation agreements between the country of origin and the host country (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). \\n Terrorism and violent extremism threats: DDR programmes are increasingly being conducted in contexts affected by terrorism. Disarmament operations in these contexts require the highest security safeguards and robust on-site WAM expertise to maximize the safety of all involved. DDR practitioners should be aware of the requirements imposed on States by UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019) and Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum, in terms of, inter alia, ensuring that appropriate legal actions are taken against those who knowingly engage in providing terrorists with weapons.4 \\n Lack of sustainability: Disarmament operations shall not start unless the sustainability of funding and resources is guaranteed. Previous attempts to carry out disarmament operations with insufficient assets and funds have resulted in unconstructive, partial disarmament, a return to armed conflict, and the failure of the entire DDR process. The reconfiguring and closing of UN missions is another crucial moment that should be planned in advance. Such transitions often require handing over responsibility to national authorities or to the United Nations Country Team (UNCT). It is important to ensure these entities have the mandate and capacity to complete the DDR programme even after the withdrawal of UN mission resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":726, "Sentence":"Weapons buy-back programmes within and outside DDR have proven to be inefficient and even counter-productive as they tend to fuel national and regional arms flows, which in the end can jeopardize the achievement of disarmament objectives in a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament weapon buyback programme within outside ddr proven inefficient even counterproductive tend fuel national regional arm flow end jeopardize achievement disarmament objective ddr programme ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Operational risks", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"There are likely to be several operational risks, depending on the context, including the following: \\n Threats to the safety and security of DDR programme personnel (both UN and non-UN): During the disarmament phase of the DDR programme, staff are likely to be in direct contact with armed individuals, including members of both armed forces and groups. Staff should be conscious not only of the risks associated with handling weapons, ammunition and explosives, but also of the risks of unpredictable behaviour as a result of the significant levels of stress that disarmament activities can generate among combatants and other stakeholders. \\n Avoid supporting weapons buy-back: UN supported DDR programmes shall avoid attaching monetary value to weapons as a means of encouraging their surrender by members of armed forces and groups. Weapons buy-back programmes within and outside DDR have proven to be inefficient and even counter-productive as they tend to fuel national and regional arms flows, which in the end can jeopardize the achievement of disarmament objectives in a DDR programme. Buy-back programmes can also have unintended societal consequences such as economically rewarding combatants and exacerbating existing gender inequalities \\n Disarmament of foreign combatants: Disarmament operations may also need to consider armed foreign combatants. Foreign combatants may be disarmed in the host country or at the border of the country of origin to which they will be returning. DDR programmes should plan for disarmament of foreign combatants within or outside repatriation agreements between the country of origin and the host country (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). \\n Terrorism and violent extremism threats: DDR programmes are increasingly being conducted in contexts affected by terrorism. Disarmament operations in these contexts require the highest security safeguards and robust on-site WAM expertise to maximize the safety of all involved. DDR practitioners should be aware of the requirements imposed on States by UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019) and Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum, in terms of, inter alia, ensuring that appropriate legal actions are taken against those who knowingly engage in providing terrorists with weapons.4 \\n Lack of sustainability: Disarmament operations shall not start unless the sustainability of funding and resources is guaranteed. Previous attempts to carry out disarmament operations with insufficient assets and funds have resulted in unconstructive, partial disarmament, a return to armed conflict, and the failure of the entire DDR process. The reconfiguring and closing of UN missions is another crucial moment that should be planned in advance. Such transitions often require handing over responsibility to national authorities or to the United Nations Country Team (UNCT). It is important to ensure these entities have the mandate and capacity to complete the DDR programme even after the withdrawal of UN mission resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":726, "Sentence":"Buy-back programmes can also have unintended societal consequences such as economically rewarding combatants and exacerbating existing gender inequalities \\n Disarmament of foreign combatants: Disarmament operations may also need to consider armed foreign combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament buyback programme also unintended societal consequence economically rewarding combatant exacerbating existing gender inequality n disarmament foreign combatant disarmament operation may also need consider armed foreign combatant ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Operational risks", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"There are likely to be several operational risks, depending on the context, including the following: \\n Threats to the safety and security of DDR programme personnel (both UN and non-UN): During the disarmament phase of the DDR programme, staff are likely to be in direct contact with armed individuals, including members of both armed forces and groups. Staff should be conscious not only of the risks associated with handling weapons, ammunition and explosives, but also of the risks of unpredictable behaviour as a result of the significant levels of stress that disarmament activities can generate among combatants and other stakeholders. \\n Avoid supporting weapons buy-back: UN supported DDR programmes shall avoid attaching monetary value to weapons as a means of encouraging their surrender by members of armed forces and groups. Weapons buy-back programmes within and outside DDR have proven to be inefficient and even counter-productive as they tend to fuel national and regional arms flows, which in the end can jeopardize the achievement of disarmament objectives in a DDR programme. Buy-back programmes can also have unintended societal consequences such as economically rewarding combatants and exacerbating existing gender inequalities \\n Disarmament of foreign combatants: Disarmament operations may also need to consider armed foreign combatants. Foreign combatants may be disarmed in the host country or at the border of the country of origin to which they will be returning. DDR programmes should plan for disarmament of foreign combatants within or outside repatriation agreements between the country of origin and the host country (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). \\n Terrorism and violent extremism threats: DDR programmes are increasingly being conducted in contexts affected by terrorism. Disarmament operations in these contexts require the highest security safeguards and robust on-site WAM expertise to maximize the safety of all involved. DDR practitioners should be aware of the requirements imposed on States by UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019) and Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum, in terms of, inter alia, ensuring that appropriate legal actions are taken against those who knowingly engage in providing terrorists with weapons.4 \\n Lack of sustainability: Disarmament operations shall not start unless the sustainability of funding and resources is guaranteed. Previous attempts to carry out disarmament operations with insufficient assets and funds have resulted in unconstructive, partial disarmament, a return to armed conflict, and the failure of the entire DDR process. The reconfiguring and closing of UN missions is another crucial moment that should be planned in advance. Such transitions often require handing over responsibility to national authorities or to the United Nations Country Team (UNCT). It is important to ensure these entities have the mandate and capacity to complete the DDR programme even after the withdrawal of UN mission resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":726, "Sentence":"Foreign combatants may be disarmed in the host country or at the border of the country of origin to which they will be returning.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament foreign combatant may disarmed host country border country origin returning ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Operational risks", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"There are likely to be several operational risks, depending on the context, including the following: \\n Threats to the safety and security of DDR programme personnel (both UN and non-UN): During the disarmament phase of the DDR programme, staff are likely to be in direct contact with armed individuals, including members of both armed forces and groups. Staff should be conscious not only of the risks associated with handling weapons, ammunition and explosives, but also of the risks of unpredictable behaviour as a result of the significant levels of stress that disarmament activities can generate among combatants and other stakeholders. \\n Avoid supporting weapons buy-back: UN supported DDR programmes shall avoid attaching monetary value to weapons as a means of encouraging their surrender by members of armed forces and groups. Weapons buy-back programmes within and outside DDR have proven to be inefficient and even counter-productive as they tend to fuel national and regional arms flows, which in the end can jeopardize the achievement of disarmament objectives in a DDR programme. Buy-back programmes can also have unintended societal consequences such as economically rewarding combatants and exacerbating existing gender inequalities \\n Disarmament of foreign combatants: Disarmament operations may also need to consider armed foreign combatants. Foreign combatants may be disarmed in the host country or at the border of the country of origin to which they will be returning. DDR programmes should plan for disarmament of foreign combatants within or outside repatriation agreements between the country of origin and the host country (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). \\n Terrorism and violent extremism threats: DDR programmes are increasingly being conducted in contexts affected by terrorism. Disarmament operations in these contexts require the highest security safeguards and robust on-site WAM expertise to maximize the safety of all involved. DDR practitioners should be aware of the requirements imposed on States by UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019) and Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum, in terms of, inter alia, ensuring that appropriate legal actions are taken against those who knowingly engage in providing terrorists with weapons.4 \\n Lack of sustainability: Disarmament operations shall not start unless the sustainability of funding and resources is guaranteed. Previous attempts to carry out disarmament operations with insufficient assets and funds have resulted in unconstructive, partial disarmament, a return to armed conflict, and the failure of the entire DDR process. The reconfiguring and closing of UN missions is another crucial moment that should be planned in advance. Such transitions often require handing over responsibility to national authorities or to the United Nations Country Team (UNCT). It is important to ensure these entities have the mandate and capacity to complete the DDR programme even after the withdrawal of UN mission resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":726, "Sentence":"DDR programmes should plan for disarmament of foreign combatants within or outside repatriation agreements between the country of origin and the host country (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ddr programme plan disarmament foreign combatant within outside repatriation agreement country origin host country see iddrs 5.40 crossborder population movement ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Operational risks", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"There are likely to be several operational risks, depending on the context, including the following: \\n Threats to the safety and security of DDR programme personnel (both UN and non-UN): During the disarmament phase of the DDR programme, staff are likely to be in direct contact with armed individuals, including members of both armed forces and groups. Staff should be conscious not only of the risks associated with handling weapons, ammunition and explosives, but also of the risks of unpredictable behaviour as a result of the significant levels of stress that disarmament activities can generate among combatants and other stakeholders. \\n Avoid supporting weapons buy-back: UN supported DDR programmes shall avoid attaching monetary value to weapons as a means of encouraging their surrender by members of armed forces and groups. Weapons buy-back programmes within and outside DDR have proven to be inefficient and even counter-productive as they tend to fuel national and regional arms flows, which in the end can jeopardize the achievement of disarmament objectives in a DDR programme. Buy-back programmes can also have unintended societal consequences such as economically rewarding combatants and exacerbating existing gender inequalities \\n Disarmament of foreign combatants: Disarmament operations may also need to consider armed foreign combatants. Foreign combatants may be disarmed in the host country or at the border of the country of origin to which they will be returning. DDR programmes should plan for disarmament of foreign combatants within or outside repatriation agreements between the country of origin and the host country (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). \\n Terrorism and violent extremism threats: DDR programmes are increasingly being conducted in contexts affected by terrorism. Disarmament operations in these contexts require the highest security safeguards and robust on-site WAM expertise to maximize the safety of all involved. DDR practitioners should be aware of the requirements imposed on States by UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019) and Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum, in terms of, inter alia, ensuring that appropriate legal actions are taken against those who knowingly engage in providing terrorists with weapons.4 \\n Lack of sustainability: Disarmament operations shall not start unless the sustainability of funding and resources is guaranteed. Previous attempts to carry out disarmament operations with insufficient assets and funds have resulted in unconstructive, partial disarmament, a return to armed conflict, and the failure of the entire DDR process. The reconfiguring and closing of UN missions is another crucial moment that should be planned in advance. Such transitions often require handing over responsibility to national authorities or to the United Nations Country Team (UNCT). It is important to ensure these entities have the mandate and capacity to complete the DDR programme even after the withdrawal of UN mission resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":726, "Sentence":"\\n Terrorism and violent extremism threats: DDR programmes are increasingly being conducted in contexts affected by terrorism.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n terrorism violent extremism threat ddr programme increasingly conducted context affected terrorism ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Operational risks", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"There are likely to be several operational risks, depending on the context, including the following: \\n Threats to the safety and security of DDR programme personnel (both UN and non-UN): During the disarmament phase of the DDR programme, staff are likely to be in direct contact with armed individuals, including members of both armed forces and groups. Staff should be conscious not only of the risks associated with handling weapons, ammunition and explosives, but also of the risks of unpredictable behaviour as a result of the significant levels of stress that disarmament activities can generate among combatants and other stakeholders. \\n Avoid supporting weapons buy-back: UN supported DDR programmes shall avoid attaching monetary value to weapons as a means of encouraging their surrender by members of armed forces and groups. Weapons buy-back programmes within and outside DDR have proven to be inefficient and even counter-productive as they tend to fuel national and regional arms flows, which in the end can jeopardize the achievement of disarmament objectives in a DDR programme. Buy-back programmes can also have unintended societal consequences such as economically rewarding combatants and exacerbating existing gender inequalities \\n Disarmament of foreign combatants: Disarmament operations may also need to consider armed foreign combatants. Foreign combatants may be disarmed in the host country or at the border of the country of origin to which they will be returning. DDR programmes should plan for disarmament of foreign combatants within or outside repatriation agreements between the country of origin and the host country (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). \\n Terrorism and violent extremism threats: DDR programmes are increasingly being conducted in contexts affected by terrorism. Disarmament operations in these contexts require the highest security safeguards and robust on-site WAM expertise to maximize the safety of all involved. DDR practitioners should be aware of the requirements imposed on States by UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019) and Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum, in terms of, inter alia, ensuring that appropriate legal actions are taken against those who knowingly engage in providing terrorists with weapons.4 \\n Lack of sustainability: Disarmament operations shall not start unless the sustainability of funding and resources is guaranteed. Previous attempts to carry out disarmament operations with insufficient assets and funds have resulted in unconstructive, partial disarmament, a return to armed conflict, and the failure of the entire DDR process. The reconfiguring and closing of UN missions is another crucial moment that should be planned in advance. Such transitions often require handing over responsibility to national authorities or to the United Nations Country Team (UNCT). It is important to ensure these entities have the mandate and capacity to complete the DDR programme even after the withdrawal of UN mission resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":726, "Sentence":"Disarmament operations in these contexts require the highest security safeguards and robust on-site WAM expertise to maximize the safety of all involved.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament disarmament operation context require highest security safeguard robust onsite wam expertise maximize safety involved ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Operational risks", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"There are likely to be several operational risks, depending on the context, including the following: \\n Threats to the safety and security of DDR programme personnel (both UN and non-UN): During the disarmament phase of the DDR programme, staff are likely to be in direct contact with armed individuals, including members of both armed forces and groups. Staff should be conscious not only of the risks associated with handling weapons, ammunition and explosives, but also of the risks of unpredictable behaviour as a result of the significant levels of stress that disarmament activities can generate among combatants and other stakeholders. \\n Avoid supporting weapons buy-back: UN supported DDR programmes shall avoid attaching monetary value to weapons as a means of encouraging their surrender by members of armed forces and groups. Weapons buy-back programmes within and outside DDR have proven to be inefficient and even counter-productive as they tend to fuel national and regional arms flows, which in the end can jeopardize the achievement of disarmament objectives in a DDR programme. Buy-back programmes can also have unintended societal consequences such as economically rewarding combatants and exacerbating existing gender inequalities \\n Disarmament of foreign combatants: Disarmament operations may also need to consider armed foreign combatants. Foreign combatants may be disarmed in the host country or at the border of the country of origin to which they will be returning. DDR programmes should plan for disarmament of foreign combatants within or outside repatriation agreements between the country of origin and the host country (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). \\n Terrorism and violent extremism threats: DDR programmes are increasingly being conducted in contexts affected by terrorism. Disarmament operations in these contexts require the highest security safeguards and robust on-site WAM expertise to maximize the safety of all involved. DDR practitioners should be aware of the requirements imposed on States by UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019) and Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum, in terms of, inter alia, ensuring that appropriate legal actions are taken against those who knowingly engage in providing terrorists with weapons.4 \\n Lack of sustainability: Disarmament operations shall not start unless the sustainability of funding and resources is guaranteed. Previous attempts to carry out disarmament operations with insufficient assets and funds have resulted in unconstructive, partial disarmament, a return to armed conflict, and the failure of the entire DDR process. The reconfiguring and closing of UN missions is another crucial moment that should be planned in advance. Such transitions often require handing over responsibility to national authorities or to the United Nations Country Team (UNCT). It is important to ensure these entities have the mandate and capacity to complete the DDR programme even after the withdrawal of UN mission resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":726, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should be aware of the requirements imposed on States by UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019) and Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum, in terms of, inter alia, ensuring that appropriate legal actions are taken against those who knowingly engage in providing terrorists with weapons.4 \\n Lack of sustainability: Disarmament operations shall not start unless the sustainability of funding and resources is guaranteed.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ddr practitioner aware requirement imposed state un security council resolution 2370 2017 2482 2019 council \u2019 2015 madrid guiding principle 2018 addendum term inter alia ensuring appropriate legal action taken knowingly engage providing terrorist weapons.4 n lack sustainability disarmament operation shall start unless sustainability funding resource guaranteed ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Operational risks", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"There are likely to be several operational risks, depending on the context, including the following: \\n Threats to the safety and security of DDR programme personnel (both UN and non-UN): During the disarmament phase of the DDR programme, staff are likely to be in direct contact with armed individuals, including members of both armed forces and groups. Staff should be conscious not only of the risks associated with handling weapons, ammunition and explosives, but also of the risks of unpredictable behaviour as a result of the significant levels of stress that disarmament activities can generate among combatants and other stakeholders. \\n Avoid supporting weapons buy-back: UN supported DDR programmes shall avoid attaching monetary value to weapons as a means of encouraging their surrender by members of armed forces and groups. Weapons buy-back programmes within and outside DDR have proven to be inefficient and even counter-productive as they tend to fuel national and regional arms flows, which in the end can jeopardize the achievement of disarmament objectives in a DDR programme. Buy-back programmes can also have unintended societal consequences such as economically rewarding combatants and exacerbating existing gender inequalities \\n Disarmament of foreign combatants: Disarmament operations may also need to consider armed foreign combatants. Foreign combatants may be disarmed in the host country or at the border of the country of origin to which they will be returning. DDR programmes should plan for disarmament of foreign combatants within or outside repatriation agreements between the country of origin and the host country (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). \\n Terrorism and violent extremism threats: DDR programmes are increasingly being conducted in contexts affected by terrorism. Disarmament operations in these contexts require the highest security safeguards and robust on-site WAM expertise to maximize the safety of all involved. DDR practitioners should be aware of the requirements imposed on States by UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019) and Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum, in terms of, inter alia, ensuring that appropriate legal actions are taken against those who knowingly engage in providing terrorists with weapons.4 \\n Lack of sustainability: Disarmament operations shall not start unless the sustainability of funding and resources is guaranteed. Previous attempts to carry out disarmament operations with insufficient assets and funds have resulted in unconstructive, partial disarmament, a return to armed conflict, and the failure of the entire DDR process. The reconfiguring and closing of UN missions is another crucial moment that should be planned in advance. Such transitions often require handing over responsibility to national authorities or to the United Nations Country Team (UNCT). It is important to ensure these entities have the mandate and capacity to complete the DDR programme even after the withdrawal of UN mission resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":726, "Sentence":"Previous attempts to carry out disarmament operations with insufficient assets and funds have resulted in unconstructive, partial disarmament, a return to armed conflict, and the failure of the entire DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament previous attempt carry disarmament operation insufficient asset fund resulted unconstructive partial disarmament return armed conflict failure entire ddr process ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Operational risks", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"There are likely to be several operational risks, depending on the context, including the following: \\n Threats to the safety and security of DDR programme personnel (both UN and non-UN): During the disarmament phase of the DDR programme, staff are likely to be in direct contact with armed individuals, including members of both armed forces and groups. Staff should be conscious not only of the risks associated with handling weapons, ammunition and explosives, but also of the risks of unpredictable behaviour as a result of the significant levels of stress that disarmament activities can generate among combatants and other stakeholders. \\n Avoid supporting weapons buy-back: UN supported DDR programmes shall avoid attaching monetary value to weapons as a means of encouraging their surrender by members of armed forces and groups. Weapons buy-back programmes within and outside DDR have proven to be inefficient and even counter-productive as they tend to fuel national and regional arms flows, which in the end can jeopardize the achievement of disarmament objectives in a DDR programme. Buy-back programmes can also have unintended societal consequences such as economically rewarding combatants and exacerbating existing gender inequalities \\n Disarmament of foreign combatants: Disarmament operations may also need to consider armed foreign combatants. Foreign combatants may be disarmed in the host country or at the border of the country of origin to which they will be returning. DDR programmes should plan for disarmament of foreign combatants within or outside repatriation agreements between the country of origin and the host country (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). \\n Terrorism and violent extremism threats: DDR programmes are increasingly being conducted in contexts affected by terrorism. Disarmament operations in these contexts require the highest security safeguards and robust on-site WAM expertise to maximize the safety of all involved. DDR practitioners should be aware of the requirements imposed on States by UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019) and Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum, in terms of, inter alia, ensuring that appropriate legal actions are taken against those who knowingly engage in providing terrorists with weapons.4 \\n Lack of sustainability: Disarmament operations shall not start unless the sustainability of funding and resources is guaranteed. Previous attempts to carry out disarmament operations with insufficient assets and funds have resulted in unconstructive, partial disarmament, a return to armed conflict, and the failure of the entire DDR process. The reconfiguring and closing of UN missions is another crucial moment that should be planned in advance. Such transitions often require handing over responsibility to national authorities or to the United Nations Country Team (UNCT). It is important to ensure these entities have the mandate and capacity to complete the DDR programme even after the withdrawal of UN mission resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":726, "Sentence":"The reconfiguring and closing of UN missions is another crucial moment that should be planned in advance.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament reconfiguring closing un mission another crucial moment planned advance ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Operational risks", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"There are likely to be several operational risks, depending on the context, including the following: \\n Threats to the safety and security of DDR programme personnel (both UN and non-UN): During the disarmament phase of the DDR programme, staff are likely to be in direct contact with armed individuals, including members of both armed forces and groups. Staff should be conscious not only of the risks associated with handling weapons, ammunition and explosives, but also of the risks of unpredictable behaviour as a result of the significant levels of stress that disarmament activities can generate among combatants and other stakeholders. \\n Avoid supporting weapons buy-back: UN supported DDR programmes shall avoid attaching monetary value to weapons as a means of encouraging their surrender by members of armed forces and groups. Weapons buy-back programmes within and outside DDR have proven to be inefficient and even counter-productive as they tend to fuel national and regional arms flows, which in the end can jeopardize the achievement of disarmament objectives in a DDR programme. Buy-back programmes can also have unintended societal consequences such as economically rewarding combatants and exacerbating existing gender inequalities \\n Disarmament of foreign combatants: Disarmament operations may also need to consider armed foreign combatants. Foreign combatants may be disarmed in the host country or at the border of the country of origin to which they will be returning. DDR programmes should plan for disarmament of foreign combatants within or outside repatriation agreements between the country of origin and the host country (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). \\n Terrorism and violent extremism threats: DDR programmes are increasingly being conducted in contexts affected by terrorism. Disarmament operations in these contexts require the highest security safeguards and robust on-site WAM expertise to maximize the safety of all involved. DDR practitioners should be aware of the requirements imposed on States by UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019) and Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum, in terms of, inter alia, ensuring that appropriate legal actions are taken against those who knowingly engage in providing terrorists with weapons.4 \\n Lack of sustainability: Disarmament operations shall not start unless the sustainability of funding and resources is guaranteed. Previous attempts to carry out disarmament operations with insufficient assets and funds have resulted in unconstructive, partial disarmament, a return to armed conflict, and the failure of the entire DDR process. The reconfiguring and closing of UN missions is another crucial moment that should be planned in advance. Such transitions often require handing over responsibility to national authorities or to the United Nations Country Team (UNCT). It is important to ensure these entities have the mandate and capacity to complete the DDR programme even after the withdrawal of UN mission resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":726, "Sentence":"Such transitions often require handing over responsibility to national authorities or to the United Nations Country Team (UNCT).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament transition often require handing responsibility national authority united nation country team unct ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Operational risks", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"There are likely to be several operational risks, depending on the context, including the following: \\n Threats to the safety and security of DDR programme personnel (both UN and non-UN): During the disarmament phase of the DDR programme, staff are likely to be in direct contact with armed individuals, including members of both armed forces and groups. Staff should be conscious not only of the risks associated with handling weapons, ammunition and explosives, but also of the risks of unpredictable behaviour as a result of the significant levels of stress that disarmament activities can generate among combatants and other stakeholders. \\n Avoid supporting weapons buy-back: UN supported DDR programmes shall avoid attaching monetary value to weapons as a means of encouraging their surrender by members of armed forces and groups. Weapons buy-back programmes within and outside DDR have proven to be inefficient and even counter-productive as they tend to fuel national and regional arms flows, which in the end can jeopardize the achievement of disarmament objectives in a DDR programme. Buy-back programmes can also have unintended societal consequences such as economically rewarding combatants and exacerbating existing gender inequalities \\n Disarmament of foreign combatants: Disarmament operations may also need to consider armed foreign combatants. Foreign combatants may be disarmed in the host country or at the border of the country of origin to which they will be returning. DDR programmes should plan for disarmament of foreign combatants within or outside repatriation agreements between the country of origin and the host country (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). \\n Terrorism and violent extremism threats: DDR programmes are increasingly being conducted in contexts affected by terrorism. Disarmament operations in these contexts require the highest security safeguards and robust on-site WAM expertise to maximize the safety of all involved. DDR practitioners should be aware of the requirements imposed on States by UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019) and Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum, in terms of, inter alia, ensuring that appropriate legal actions are taken against those who knowingly engage in providing terrorists with weapons.4 \\n Lack of sustainability: Disarmament operations shall not start unless the sustainability of funding and resources is guaranteed. Previous attempts to carry out disarmament operations with insufficient assets and funds have resulted in unconstructive, partial disarmament, a return to armed conflict, and the failure of the entire DDR process. The reconfiguring and closing of UN missions is another crucial moment that should be planned in advance. Such transitions often require handing over responsibility to national authorities or to the United Nations Country Team (UNCT). It is important to ensure these entities have the mandate and capacity to complete the DDR programme even after the withdrawal of UN mission resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":726, "Sentence":"It is important to ensure these entities have the mandate and capacity to complete the DDR programme even after the withdrawal of UN mission resources.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament important ensure entity mandate capacity complete ddr programme even withdrawal un mission resource ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Technical risks and hazards", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In order to deal with potential technical threats during the disarmament component of DDR programmes, and to implement an appropriate response to such threats, it is necessary to distinguish between risks and hazards. Commonly, a hazard is defined as \u201ca potential source of physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment,\u201d while a risk can be defined as \u201cthe combination of the probability of occurrence of a hazard and the severity of that hazard\u201d (see ISO\/IEC Guide 51: 2014 [E)).In terms of disarmament operations, many hazards are created by the presence of weapons, ammunition and explosives. The level of risk is mostly dependent on the knowledge and training of the disarmament teams (see section 5.7). The physical condition of the weapons, ammunition and explosives and the environment in which they are handed over or stored have a major effect on that risk. A range of techniques for estimating risk are contained in IATG 2.10 on Introduction to Risk Management Principles and Processes. All relevant guidelines contained in the IATG should be strictly adhered to in order to ensure the safety of all persons and assets when handling conventional ammunition. Adequate expertise is critical. Unqualified personnel should never handle ammunition or any type of explosive material.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":727, "Sentence":"In order to deal with potential technical threats during the disarmament component of DDR programmes, and to implement an appropriate response to such threats, it is necessary to distinguish between risks and hazards.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament order deal potential technical threat disarmament component ddr programme implement appropriate response threat necessary distinguish risk hazard ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Technical risks and hazards", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In order to deal with potential technical threats during the disarmament component of DDR programmes, and to implement an appropriate response to such threats, it is necessary to distinguish between risks and hazards. Commonly, a hazard is defined as \u201ca potential source of physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment,\u201d while a risk can be defined as \u201cthe combination of the probability of occurrence of a hazard and the severity of that hazard\u201d (see ISO\/IEC Guide 51: 2014 [E)).In terms of disarmament operations, many hazards are created by the presence of weapons, ammunition and explosives. The level of risk is mostly dependent on the knowledge and training of the disarmament teams (see section 5.7). The physical condition of the weapons, ammunition and explosives and the environment in which they are handed over or stored have a major effect on that risk. A range of techniques for estimating risk are contained in IATG 2.10 on Introduction to Risk Management Principles and Processes. All relevant guidelines contained in the IATG should be strictly adhered to in order to ensure the safety of all persons and assets when handling conventional ammunition. Adequate expertise is critical. Unqualified personnel should never handle ammunition or any type of explosive material.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":727, "Sentence":"Commonly, a hazard is defined as \u201ca potential source of physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment,\u201d while a risk can be defined as \u201cthe combination of the probability of occurrence of a hazard and the severity of that hazard\u201d (see ISO\/IEC Guide 51: 2014 [E)).In terms of disarmament operations, many hazards are created by the presence of weapons, ammunition and explosives.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament commonly hazard defined \u201c potential source physical injury damage health people damage property environment \u201d risk defined \u201c combination probability occurrence hazard severity hazard \u201d see iso\/iec guide 51 2014 e.in term disarmament operation many hazard created presence weapon ammunition explosive ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Technical risks and hazards", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In order to deal with potential technical threats during the disarmament component of DDR programmes, and to implement an appropriate response to such threats, it is necessary to distinguish between risks and hazards. Commonly, a hazard is defined as \u201ca potential source of physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment,\u201d while a risk can be defined as \u201cthe combination of the probability of occurrence of a hazard and the severity of that hazard\u201d (see ISO\/IEC Guide 51: 2014 [E)).In terms of disarmament operations, many hazards are created by the presence of weapons, ammunition and explosives. The level of risk is mostly dependent on the knowledge and training of the disarmament teams (see section 5.7). The physical condition of the weapons, ammunition and explosives and the environment in which they are handed over or stored have a major effect on that risk. A range of techniques for estimating risk are contained in IATG 2.10 on Introduction to Risk Management Principles and Processes. All relevant guidelines contained in the IATG should be strictly adhered to in order to ensure the safety of all persons and assets when handling conventional ammunition. Adequate expertise is critical. Unqualified personnel should never handle ammunition or any type of explosive material.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":727, "Sentence":"The level of risk is mostly dependent on the knowledge and training of the disarmament teams (see section 5.7).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament level risk mostly dependent knowledge training disarmament team see section 5.7 ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Technical risks and hazards", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In order to deal with potential technical threats during the disarmament component of DDR programmes, and to implement an appropriate response to such threats, it is necessary to distinguish between risks and hazards. Commonly, a hazard is defined as \u201ca potential source of physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment,\u201d while a risk can be defined as \u201cthe combination of the probability of occurrence of a hazard and the severity of that hazard\u201d (see ISO\/IEC Guide 51: 2014 [E)).In terms of disarmament operations, many hazards are created by the presence of weapons, ammunition and explosives. The level of risk is mostly dependent on the knowledge and training of the disarmament teams (see section 5.7). The physical condition of the weapons, ammunition and explosives and the environment in which they are handed over or stored have a major effect on that risk. A range of techniques for estimating risk are contained in IATG 2.10 on Introduction to Risk Management Principles and Processes. All relevant guidelines contained in the IATG should be strictly adhered to in order to ensure the safety of all persons and assets when handling conventional ammunition. Adequate expertise is critical. Unqualified personnel should never handle ammunition or any type of explosive material.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":727, "Sentence":"The physical condition of the weapons, ammunition and explosives and the environment in which they are handed over or stored have a major effect on that risk.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament physical condition weapon ammunition explosive environment handed stored major effect risk ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Technical risks and hazards", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In order to deal with potential technical threats during the disarmament component of DDR programmes, and to implement an appropriate response to such threats, it is necessary to distinguish between risks and hazards. Commonly, a hazard is defined as \u201ca potential source of physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment,\u201d while a risk can be defined as \u201cthe combination of the probability of occurrence of a hazard and the severity of that hazard\u201d (see ISO\/IEC Guide 51: 2014 [E)).In terms of disarmament operations, many hazards are created by the presence of weapons, ammunition and explosives. The level of risk is mostly dependent on the knowledge and training of the disarmament teams (see section 5.7). The physical condition of the weapons, ammunition and explosives and the environment in which they are handed over or stored have a major effect on that risk. A range of techniques for estimating risk are contained in IATG 2.10 on Introduction to Risk Management Principles and Processes. All relevant guidelines contained in the IATG should be strictly adhered to in order to ensure the safety of all persons and assets when handling conventional ammunition. Adequate expertise is critical. Unqualified personnel should never handle ammunition or any type of explosive material.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":727, "Sentence":"A range of techniques for estimating risk are contained in IATG 2.10 on Introduction to Risk Management Principles and Processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament range technique estimating risk contained iatg 2.10 introduction risk management principle process ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Technical risks and hazards", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In order to deal with potential technical threats during the disarmament component of DDR programmes, and to implement an appropriate response to such threats, it is necessary to distinguish between risks and hazards. Commonly, a hazard is defined as \u201ca potential source of physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment,\u201d while a risk can be defined as \u201cthe combination of the probability of occurrence of a hazard and the severity of that hazard\u201d (see ISO\/IEC Guide 51: 2014 [E)).In terms of disarmament operations, many hazards are created by the presence of weapons, ammunition and explosives. The level of risk is mostly dependent on the knowledge and training of the disarmament teams (see section 5.7). The physical condition of the weapons, ammunition and explosives and the environment in which they are handed over or stored have a major effect on that risk. A range of techniques for estimating risk are contained in IATG 2.10 on Introduction to Risk Management Principles and Processes. All relevant guidelines contained in the IATG should be strictly adhered to in order to ensure the safety of all persons and assets when handling conventional ammunition. Adequate expertise is critical. Unqualified personnel should never handle ammunition or any type of explosive material.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":727, "Sentence":"All relevant guidelines contained in the IATG should be strictly adhered to in order to ensure the safety of all persons and assets when handling conventional ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament relevant guideline contained iatg strictly adhered order ensure safety person asset handling conventional ammunition ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Technical risks and hazards", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In order to deal with potential technical threats during the disarmament component of DDR programmes, and to implement an appropriate response to such threats, it is necessary to distinguish between risks and hazards. Commonly, a hazard is defined as \u201ca potential source of physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment,\u201d while a risk can be defined as \u201cthe combination of the probability of occurrence of a hazard and the severity of that hazard\u201d (see ISO\/IEC Guide 51: 2014 [E)).In terms of disarmament operations, many hazards are created by the presence of weapons, ammunition and explosives. The level of risk is mostly dependent on the knowledge and training of the disarmament teams (see section 5.7). The physical condition of the weapons, ammunition and explosives and the environment in which they are handed over or stored have a major effect on that risk. A range of techniques for estimating risk are contained in IATG 2.10 on Introduction to Risk Management Principles and Processes. All relevant guidelines contained in the IATG should be strictly adhered to in order to ensure the safety of all persons and assets when handling conventional ammunition. Adequate expertise is critical. Unqualified personnel should never handle ammunition or any type of explosive material.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":727, "Sentence":"Adequate expertise is critical.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament adequate expertise critical ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.3 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Technical risks and hazards", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In order to deal with potential technical threats during the disarmament component of DDR programmes, and to implement an appropriate response to such threats, it is necessary to distinguish between risks and hazards. Commonly, a hazard is defined as \u201ca potential source of physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment,\u201d while a risk can be defined as \u201cthe combination of the probability of occurrence of a hazard and the severity of that hazard\u201d (see ISO\/IEC Guide 51: 2014 [E)).In terms of disarmament operations, many hazards are created by the presence of weapons, ammunition and explosives. The level of risk is mostly dependent on the knowledge and training of the disarmament teams (see section 5.7). The physical condition of the weapons, ammunition and explosives and the environment in which they are handed over or stored have a major effect on that risk. A range of techniques for estimating risk are contained in IATG 2.10 on Introduction to Risk Management Principles and Processes. All relevant guidelines contained in the IATG should be strictly adhered to in order to ensure the safety of all persons and assets when handling conventional ammunition. Adequate expertise is critical. Unqualified personnel should never handle ammunition or any type of explosive material.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":727, "Sentence":"Unqualified personnel should never handle ammunition or any type of explosive material.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament unqualified personnel never handle ammunition type explosive material ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4 Gender-sensitive disarmament operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"If women are not adequately integrated into DDR programmes, and disarmament operations in particular, gender stereotypes of masculinity associated with violence, and femininity dissociated from power and decision-making, may be reinforced. If implemented in a gender-sensitive manner, a DDR programme can actually highlight the constructive roles of women in the transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Disarmament can increase a combatant\u2019s feeling of vulnerability. In addition to providing physical protection, weapons are often seen as important symbols of power and status. Men may experience disarmament as a symbolic loss of manhood and status. Undermined masculinities at all ages can lead to profound feelings of frustration and disempowerment. For women, disarmament can threaten the gender equality and respect that may have been gained through the possession of a weapon while in an armed force or group.DDR programmes should explore ways to promote alternative symbols of power that are relevant to particular cultural contexts and that foster peace dividends. This can be done by removing the gun as a symbol of power, addressing key concerns over safety and protection, and developing strategic engagement with women (particularly female dependants) in disarmament operations.Female combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups are common in armed conflicts across the world. To ensure that men and women have equal rights to participate in the design and implementation of disarmament operations, a gender-inclusive and -responsive approach should be applied at every stage of assessment, planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women at each stage of the DDR process.Gender-sensitive disarmament operations are proven to be more effective in addressing the impact of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons than those that do not incorporate a gender perspective (MOSAIC 6.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of Small Arms and Light Weapons). Therefore, ensuring that gender is adequately integrated into all stages of disarmament and other DDR-related arms control initiatives is essential to the overall success of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":728, "Sentence":"If women are not adequately integrated into DDR programmes, and disarmament operations in particular, gender stereotypes of masculinity associated with violence, and femininity dissociated from power and decision-making, may be reinforced.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament woman adequately integrated ddr programme disarmament operation particular gender stereotype masculinity associated violence femininity dissociated power decisionmaking may reinforced ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4 Gender-sensitive disarmament operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"If women are not adequately integrated into DDR programmes, and disarmament operations in particular, gender stereotypes of masculinity associated with violence, and femininity dissociated from power and decision-making, may be reinforced. If implemented in a gender-sensitive manner, a DDR programme can actually highlight the constructive roles of women in the transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Disarmament can increase a combatant\u2019s feeling of vulnerability. In addition to providing physical protection, weapons are often seen as important symbols of power and status. Men may experience disarmament as a symbolic loss of manhood and status. Undermined masculinities at all ages can lead to profound feelings of frustration and disempowerment. For women, disarmament can threaten the gender equality and respect that may have been gained through the possession of a weapon while in an armed force or group.DDR programmes should explore ways to promote alternative symbols of power that are relevant to particular cultural contexts and that foster peace dividends. This can be done by removing the gun as a symbol of power, addressing key concerns over safety and protection, and developing strategic engagement with women (particularly female dependants) in disarmament operations.Female combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups are common in armed conflicts across the world. To ensure that men and women have equal rights to participate in the design and implementation of disarmament operations, a gender-inclusive and -responsive approach should be applied at every stage of assessment, planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women at each stage of the DDR process.Gender-sensitive disarmament operations are proven to be more effective in addressing the impact of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons than those that do not incorporate a gender perspective (MOSAIC 6.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of Small Arms and Light Weapons). Therefore, ensuring that gender is adequately integrated into all stages of disarmament and other DDR-related arms control initiatives is essential to the overall success of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":728, "Sentence":"If implemented in a gender-sensitive manner, a DDR programme can actually highlight the constructive roles of women in the transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Disarmament can increase a combatant\u2019s feeling of vulnerability.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament implemented gendersensitive manner ddr programme actually highlight constructive role woman transition conflict sustainable peace.disarmament increase combatant \u2019 feeling vulnerability ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4 Gender-sensitive disarmament operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"If women are not adequately integrated into DDR programmes, and disarmament operations in particular, gender stereotypes of masculinity associated with violence, and femininity dissociated from power and decision-making, may be reinforced. If implemented in a gender-sensitive manner, a DDR programme can actually highlight the constructive roles of women in the transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Disarmament can increase a combatant\u2019s feeling of vulnerability. In addition to providing physical protection, weapons are often seen as important symbols of power and status. Men may experience disarmament as a symbolic loss of manhood and status. Undermined masculinities at all ages can lead to profound feelings of frustration and disempowerment. For women, disarmament can threaten the gender equality and respect that may have been gained through the possession of a weapon while in an armed force or group.DDR programmes should explore ways to promote alternative symbols of power that are relevant to particular cultural contexts and that foster peace dividends. This can be done by removing the gun as a symbol of power, addressing key concerns over safety and protection, and developing strategic engagement with women (particularly female dependants) in disarmament operations.Female combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups are common in armed conflicts across the world. To ensure that men and women have equal rights to participate in the design and implementation of disarmament operations, a gender-inclusive and -responsive approach should be applied at every stage of assessment, planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women at each stage of the DDR process.Gender-sensitive disarmament operations are proven to be more effective in addressing the impact of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons than those that do not incorporate a gender perspective (MOSAIC 6.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of Small Arms and Light Weapons). Therefore, ensuring that gender is adequately integrated into all stages of disarmament and other DDR-related arms control initiatives is essential to the overall success of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":728, "Sentence":"In addition to providing physical protection, weapons are often seen as important symbols of power and status.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament addition providing physical protection weapon often seen important symbol power status ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4 Gender-sensitive disarmament operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"If women are not adequately integrated into DDR programmes, and disarmament operations in particular, gender stereotypes of masculinity associated with violence, and femininity dissociated from power and decision-making, may be reinforced. If implemented in a gender-sensitive manner, a DDR programme can actually highlight the constructive roles of women in the transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Disarmament can increase a combatant\u2019s feeling of vulnerability. In addition to providing physical protection, weapons are often seen as important symbols of power and status. Men may experience disarmament as a symbolic loss of manhood and status. Undermined masculinities at all ages can lead to profound feelings of frustration and disempowerment. For women, disarmament can threaten the gender equality and respect that may have been gained through the possession of a weapon while in an armed force or group.DDR programmes should explore ways to promote alternative symbols of power that are relevant to particular cultural contexts and that foster peace dividends. This can be done by removing the gun as a symbol of power, addressing key concerns over safety and protection, and developing strategic engagement with women (particularly female dependants) in disarmament operations.Female combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups are common in armed conflicts across the world. To ensure that men and women have equal rights to participate in the design and implementation of disarmament operations, a gender-inclusive and -responsive approach should be applied at every stage of assessment, planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women at each stage of the DDR process.Gender-sensitive disarmament operations are proven to be more effective in addressing the impact of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons than those that do not incorporate a gender perspective (MOSAIC 6.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of Small Arms and Light Weapons). Therefore, ensuring that gender is adequately integrated into all stages of disarmament and other DDR-related arms control initiatives is essential to the overall success of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":728, "Sentence":"Men may experience disarmament as a symbolic loss of manhood and status.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament men may experience disarmament symbolic loss manhood status ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4 Gender-sensitive disarmament operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"If women are not adequately integrated into DDR programmes, and disarmament operations in particular, gender stereotypes of masculinity associated with violence, and femininity dissociated from power and decision-making, may be reinforced. If implemented in a gender-sensitive manner, a DDR programme can actually highlight the constructive roles of women in the transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Disarmament can increase a combatant\u2019s feeling of vulnerability. In addition to providing physical protection, weapons are often seen as important symbols of power and status. Men may experience disarmament as a symbolic loss of manhood and status. Undermined masculinities at all ages can lead to profound feelings of frustration and disempowerment. For women, disarmament can threaten the gender equality and respect that may have been gained through the possession of a weapon while in an armed force or group.DDR programmes should explore ways to promote alternative symbols of power that are relevant to particular cultural contexts and that foster peace dividends. This can be done by removing the gun as a symbol of power, addressing key concerns over safety and protection, and developing strategic engagement with women (particularly female dependants) in disarmament operations.Female combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups are common in armed conflicts across the world. To ensure that men and women have equal rights to participate in the design and implementation of disarmament operations, a gender-inclusive and -responsive approach should be applied at every stage of assessment, planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women at each stage of the DDR process.Gender-sensitive disarmament operations are proven to be more effective in addressing the impact of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons than those that do not incorporate a gender perspective (MOSAIC 6.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of Small Arms and Light Weapons). Therefore, ensuring that gender is adequately integrated into all stages of disarmament and other DDR-related arms control initiatives is essential to the overall success of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":728, "Sentence":"Undermined masculinities at all ages can lead to profound feelings of frustration and disempowerment.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament undermined masculinity age lead profound feeling frustration disempowerment ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4 Gender-sensitive disarmament operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"If women are not adequately integrated into DDR programmes, and disarmament operations in particular, gender stereotypes of masculinity associated with violence, and femininity dissociated from power and decision-making, may be reinforced. If implemented in a gender-sensitive manner, a DDR programme can actually highlight the constructive roles of women in the transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Disarmament can increase a combatant\u2019s feeling of vulnerability. In addition to providing physical protection, weapons are often seen as important symbols of power and status. Men may experience disarmament as a symbolic loss of manhood and status. Undermined masculinities at all ages can lead to profound feelings of frustration and disempowerment. For women, disarmament can threaten the gender equality and respect that may have been gained through the possession of a weapon while in an armed force or group.DDR programmes should explore ways to promote alternative symbols of power that are relevant to particular cultural contexts and that foster peace dividends. This can be done by removing the gun as a symbol of power, addressing key concerns over safety and protection, and developing strategic engagement with women (particularly female dependants) in disarmament operations.Female combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups are common in armed conflicts across the world. To ensure that men and women have equal rights to participate in the design and implementation of disarmament operations, a gender-inclusive and -responsive approach should be applied at every stage of assessment, planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women at each stage of the DDR process.Gender-sensitive disarmament operations are proven to be more effective in addressing the impact of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons than those that do not incorporate a gender perspective (MOSAIC 6.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of Small Arms and Light Weapons). Therefore, ensuring that gender is adequately integrated into all stages of disarmament and other DDR-related arms control initiatives is essential to the overall success of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":728, "Sentence":"For women, disarmament can threaten the gender equality and respect that may have been gained through the possession of a weapon while in an armed force or group.DDR programmes should explore ways to promote alternative symbols of power that are relevant to particular cultural contexts and that foster peace dividends.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament woman disarmament threaten gender equality respect may gained possession weapon armed force group.ddr programme explore way promote alternative symbol power relevant particular cultural context foster peace dividend ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4 Gender-sensitive disarmament operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"If women are not adequately integrated into DDR programmes, and disarmament operations in particular, gender stereotypes of masculinity associated with violence, and femininity dissociated from power and decision-making, may be reinforced. If implemented in a gender-sensitive manner, a DDR programme can actually highlight the constructive roles of women in the transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Disarmament can increase a combatant\u2019s feeling of vulnerability. In addition to providing physical protection, weapons are often seen as important symbols of power and status. Men may experience disarmament as a symbolic loss of manhood and status. Undermined masculinities at all ages can lead to profound feelings of frustration and disempowerment. For women, disarmament can threaten the gender equality and respect that may have been gained through the possession of a weapon while in an armed force or group.DDR programmes should explore ways to promote alternative symbols of power that are relevant to particular cultural contexts and that foster peace dividends. This can be done by removing the gun as a symbol of power, addressing key concerns over safety and protection, and developing strategic engagement with women (particularly female dependants) in disarmament operations.Female combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups are common in armed conflicts across the world. To ensure that men and women have equal rights to participate in the design and implementation of disarmament operations, a gender-inclusive and -responsive approach should be applied at every stage of assessment, planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women at each stage of the DDR process.Gender-sensitive disarmament operations are proven to be more effective in addressing the impact of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons than those that do not incorporate a gender perspective (MOSAIC 6.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of Small Arms and Light Weapons). Therefore, ensuring that gender is adequately integrated into all stages of disarmament and other DDR-related arms control initiatives is essential to the overall success of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":728, "Sentence":"This can be done by removing the gun as a symbol of power, addressing key concerns over safety and protection, and developing strategic engagement with women (particularly female dependants) in disarmament operations.Female combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups are common in armed conflicts across the world.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament done removing gun symbol power addressing key concern safety protection developing strategic engagement woman particularly female dependant disarmament operations.female combatant woman girl associated armed force group common armed conflict across world ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4 Gender-sensitive disarmament operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"If women are not adequately integrated into DDR programmes, and disarmament operations in particular, gender stereotypes of masculinity associated with violence, and femininity dissociated from power and decision-making, may be reinforced. If implemented in a gender-sensitive manner, a DDR programme can actually highlight the constructive roles of women in the transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Disarmament can increase a combatant\u2019s feeling of vulnerability. In addition to providing physical protection, weapons are often seen as important symbols of power and status. Men may experience disarmament as a symbolic loss of manhood and status. Undermined masculinities at all ages can lead to profound feelings of frustration and disempowerment. For women, disarmament can threaten the gender equality and respect that may have been gained through the possession of a weapon while in an armed force or group.DDR programmes should explore ways to promote alternative symbols of power that are relevant to particular cultural contexts and that foster peace dividends. This can be done by removing the gun as a symbol of power, addressing key concerns over safety and protection, and developing strategic engagement with women (particularly female dependants) in disarmament operations.Female combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups are common in armed conflicts across the world. To ensure that men and women have equal rights to participate in the design and implementation of disarmament operations, a gender-inclusive and -responsive approach should be applied at every stage of assessment, planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women at each stage of the DDR process.Gender-sensitive disarmament operations are proven to be more effective in addressing the impact of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons than those that do not incorporate a gender perspective (MOSAIC 6.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of Small Arms and Light Weapons). Therefore, ensuring that gender is adequately integrated into all stages of disarmament and other DDR-related arms control initiatives is essential to the overall success of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":728, "Sentence":"To ensure that men and women have equal rights to participate in the design and implementation of disarmament operations, a gender-inclusive and -responsive approach should be applied at every stage of assessment, planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ensure men woman equal right participate design implementation disarmament operation genderinclusive responsive approach applied every stage assessment planning implementation monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4 Gender-sensitive disarmament operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"If women are not adequately integrated into DDR programmes, and disarmament operations in particular, gender stereotypes of masculinity associated with violence, and femininity dissociated from power and decision-making, may be reinforced. If implemented in a gender-sensitive manner, a DDR programme can actually highlight the constructive roles of women in the transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Disarmament can increase a combatant\u2019s feeling of vulnerability. In addition to providing physical protection, weapons are often seen as important symbols of power and status. Men may experience disarmament as a symbolic loss of manhood and status. Undermined masculinities at all ages can lead to profound feelings of frustration and disempowerment. For women, disarmament can threaten the gender equality and respect that may have been gained through the possession of a weapon while in an armed force or group.DDR programmes should explore ways to promote alternative symbols of power that are relevant to particular cultural contexts and that foster peace dividends. This can be done by removing the gun as a symbol of power, addressing key concerns over safety and protection, and developing strategic engagement with women (particularly female dependants) in disarmament operations.Female combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups are common in armed conflicts across the world. To ensure that men and women have equal rights to participate in the design and implementation of disarmament operations, a gender-inclusive and -responsive approach should be applied at every stage of assessment, planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women at each stage of the DDR process.Gender-sensitive disarmament operations are proven to be more effective in addressing the impact of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons than those that do not incorporate a gender perspective (MOSAIC 6.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of Small Arms and Light Weapons). Therefore, ensuring that gender is adequately integrated into all stages of disarmament and other DDR-related arms control initiatives is essential to the overall success of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":728, "Sentence":"Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women at each stage of the DDR process.Gender-sensitive disarmament operations are proven to be more effective in addressing the impact of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons than those that do not incorporate a gender perspective (MOSAIC 6.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of Small Arms and Light Weapons).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament approach requires gender expertise gender analysis collection sex agedisaggregated data meaningful participation woman stage ddr process.gendersensitive disarmament operation proven effective addressing impact illicit circulation misuse weapon incorporate gender perspective mosaic 6.10 woman men gendered nature small arm light weapon ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.4 Gender-sensitive disarmament operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"If women are not adequately integrated into DDR programmes, and disarmament operations in particular, gender stereotypes of masculinity associated with violence, and femininity dissociated from power and decision-making, may be reinforced. If implemented in a gender-sensitive manner, a DDR programme can actually highlight the constructive roles of women in the transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Disarmament can increase a combatant\u2019s feeling of vulnerability. In addition to providing physical protection, weapons are often seen as important symbols of power and status. Men may experience disarmament as a symbolic loss of manhood and status. Undermined masculinities at all ages can lead to profound feelings of frustration and disempowerment. For women, disarmament can threaten the gender equality and respect that may have been gained through the possession of a weapon while in an armed force or group.DDR programmes should explore ways to promote alternative symbols of power that are relevant to particular cultural contexts and that foster peace dividends. This can be done by removing the gun as a symbol of power, addressing key concerns over safety and protection, and developing strategic engagement with women (particularly female dependants) in disarmament operations.Female combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups are common in armed conflicts across the world. To ensure that men and women have equal rights to participate in the design and implementation of disarmament operations, a gender-inclusive and -responsive approach should be applied at every stage of assessment, planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data, and the meaningful participation of women at each stage of the DDR process.Gender-sensitive disarmament operations are proven to be more effective in addressing the impact of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons than those that do not incorporate a gender perspective (MOSAIC 6.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of Small Arms and Light Weapons). Therefore, ensuring that gender is adequately integrated into all stages of disarmament and other DDR-related arms control initiatives is essential to the overall success of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":728, "Sentence":"Therefore, ensuring that gender is adequately integrated into all stages of disarmament and other DDR-related arms control initiatives is essential to the overall success of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament therefore ensuring gender adequately integrated stage disarmament ddrrelated arm control initiative essential overall success ddr process ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous and transparent criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital to achieving the objectives of DDR. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed to by all parties, and screening processes must be in place in the disarmament stage.Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the content of the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender.Participants in DDR programmes may include individuals in support and non-combatant roles or those associated with armed forces and groups, including children. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see Figure 1 and Box 3).BOX 3: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG): Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":729, "Sentence":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous and transparent criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital to achieving the objectives of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament establishing rigorous unambiguous transparent criterion allow people participate ddr programme vital achieving objective ddr ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous and transparent criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital to achieving the objectives of DDR. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed to by all parties, and screening processes must be in place in the disarmament stage.Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the content of the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender.Participants in DDR programmes may include individuals in support and non-combatant roles or those associated with armed forces and groups, including children. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see Figure 1 and Box 3).BOX 3: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG): Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":729, "Sentence":"Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed to by all parties, and screening processes must be in place in the disarmament stage.Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament eligibility criterion must carefully designed agreed party screening process must place disarmament stage.eligibility ddr programme may may require physical possession weapon and\/or ammunition depending context ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous and transparent criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital to achieving the objectives of DDR. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed to by all parties, and screening processes must be in place in the disarmament stage.Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the content of the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender.Participants in DDR programmes may include individuals in support and non-combatant roles or those associated with armed forces and groups, including children. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see Figure 1 and Box 3).BOX 3: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG): Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":729, "Sentence":"The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the content of the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament determination eligibility criterion shall based content peace agreement ceasefire document include relevant provision well result aforementioned integrated assessment ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous and transparent criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital to achieving the objectives of DDR. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed to by all parties, and screening processes must be in place in the disarmament stage.Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the content of the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender.Participants in DDR programmes may include individuals in support and non-combatant roles or those associated with armed forces and groups, including children. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see Figure 1 and Box 3).BOX 3: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG): Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":729, "Sentence":"In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender.Participants in DDR programmes may include individuals in support and non-combatant roles or those associated with armed forces and groups, including children.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament either case eligibility ddr programme must gender inclusive shall discriminate basis age gender.participants ddr programme may include individual support noncombatant role associated armed force group including child ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous and transparent criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital to achieving the objectives of DDR. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed to by all parties, and screening processes must be in place in the disarmament stage.Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the content of the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender.Participants in DDR programmes may include individuals in support and non-combatant roles or those associated with armed forces and groups, including children. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see Figure 1 and Box 3).BOX 3: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG): Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":729, "Sentence":"As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament individual typically unarmed may eligible disarmament eligible demobilization reintegration see iddrs 3.21 participant beneficiary partner ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous and transparent criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital to achieving the objectives of DDR. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed to by all parties, and screening processes must be in place in the disarmament stage.Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the content of the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender.Participants in DDR programmes may include individuals in support and non-combatant roles or those associated with armed forces and groups, including children. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see Figure 1 and Box 3).BOX 3: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG): Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":729, "Sentence":"Historically, women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament historically woman eligible participate ddr programme may aware eligibility may deliberately excluded commander may deprived weapon benefit men seeking enter ddr programme ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous and transparent criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital to achieving the objectives of DDR. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed to by all parties, and screening processes must be in place in the disarmament stage.Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the content of the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender.Participants in DDR programmes may include individuals in support and non-combatant roles or those associated with armed forces and groups, including children. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see Figure 1 and Box 3).BOX 3: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG): Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":729, "Sentence":"For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see Figure 1 and Box 3).BOX 3: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament reason ddr practitioner shall aware different category eligibility ensure proper public information sensitization commander potential ddr participant beneficiary completed female participant beneficiary see figure 1 box 3.box 3 typology female participant beneficiary n female combatant woman girl participated armed conflict active combatant using arm ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous and transparent criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital to achieving the objectives of DDR. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed to by all parties, and screening processes must be in place in the disarmament stage.Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the content of the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender.Participants in DDR programmes may include individuals in support and non-combatant roles or those associated with armed forces and groups, including children. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see Figure 1 and Box 3).BOX 3: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG): Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":729, "Sentence":"\\n Female supporters\/women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG): Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n female supporters\/women associated armed force group waafg woman girl participated armed conflict support role whether force voluntarily ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous and transparent criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital to achieving the objectives of DDR. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed to by all parties, and screening processes must be in place in the disarmament stage.Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the content of the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender.Participants in DDR programmes may include individuals in support and non-combatant roles or those associated with armed forces and groups, including children. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see Figure 1 and Box 3).BOX 3: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG): Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":729, "Sentence":"Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament rather member civilian community economically socially dependent armed force group income social support example porter cook nurse spy administrator translator radio operator medical assistant public information officer camp leader sex workers\/slaves ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous and transparent criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital to achieving the objectives of DDR. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed to by all parties, and screening processes must be in place in the disarmament stage.Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the content of the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender.Participants in DDR programmes may include individuals in support and non-combatant roles or those associated with armed forces and groups, including children. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see Figure 1 and Box 3).BOX 3: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG): Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":729, "Sentence":"\\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n female dependant woman girl part excombatants \u2019 household ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous and transparent criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital to achieving the objectives of DDR. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed to by all parties, and screening processes must be in place in the disarmament stage.Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the content of the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender.Participants in DDR programmes may include individuals in support and non-combatant roles or those associated with armed forces and groups, including children. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see Figure 1 and Box 3).BOX 3: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG): Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":729, "Sentence":"They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament mainly socially financially dependent excombatants although may also kept community tie example wives\/war wife child mothers\/parents female sibling female member extended family.eligibility criterion must designed prevent individual member armed force group gaining access ddr programme ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous and transparent criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital to achieving the objectives of DDR. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed to by all parties, and screening processes must be in place in the disarmament stage.Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the content of the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender.Participants in DDR programmes may include individuals in support and non-combatant roles or those associated with armed forces and groups, including children. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see Figure 1 and Box 3).BOX 3: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG): Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":729, "Sentence":"The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament prospect ddr programme associated benefit present enticement many individual ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous and transparent criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital to achieving the objectives of DDR. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed to by all parties, and screening processes must be in place in the disarmament stage.Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the content of the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender.Participants in DDR programmes may include individuals in support and non-combatant roles or those associated with armed forces and groups, including children. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see Figure 1 and Box 3).BOX 3: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG): Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":729, "Sentence":"Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament furthermore armed group inflate membership number increase political weight could try rapidly recruit civilian meet shortfall ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous and transparent criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital to achieving the objectives of DDR. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed to by all parties, and screening processes must be in place in the disarmament stage.Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the content of the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender.Participants in DDR programmes may include individuals in support and non-combatant roles or those associated with armed forces and groups, including children. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see Figure 1 and Box 3).BOX 3: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG): Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":729, "Sentence":"The screening process is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament screening process used confirm whether individual meet eligibility criterion entering ddr programme see iddrs 4.20 demobilization ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous and transparent criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital to achieving the objectives of DDR. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed to by all parties, and screening processes must be in place in the disarmament stage.Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the content of the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender.Participants in DDR programmes may include individuals in support and non-combatant roles or those associated with armed forces and groups, including children. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see Figure 1 and Box 3).BOX 3: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG): Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":729, "Sentence":"Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament close cooperation leadership armed force group civil society including woman \u2019 group local police national ddrrelated body wellconducted public information sensitization campaign essential tool ensure eligible participate ddr programme see iddrs 4.60 public information strategic communication support ddr ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament depending context content ceasefire and\/or peace agreement eligibility ddr programme include specific weapons\/ammunitionrelated criterion ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament criterion based thorough understanding context effective disarmament achieved ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament arsenal armed force group vary size quality type weapon ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament instance conflict foreign state actively support armed group group \u2019 arsenal often quite large varied including serviceable salw also heavyweapons systems.past experience show eligibility criterion related weapon ammunition often consistent stringent enough ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament lead inclusion individual member armed force group collection poorquality materiel illicit serviceable materiel remains circulation ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament accurate information regarding armed force group \u2019 arsenal see section 5.1 key determining relevant effective weaponsrelated criterion ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament include type status serviceable versus nonserviceable weapon quantity ammunition combatant bring along order enrolled programme ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament according context ratio arm ammunition individual combatant vary may include salw well heavy weapon ammunition.in order ascertain eligibility combatant may also need take weapon procedure test identify familiarity ability handle weapon ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament although member armed group may received formal training military standard able demonstrate understanding use weapon ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament test balanced way identify combatant status see iddrs 4.20 demobilization ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament child weapon disarmed required demonstrate capacity use weapon prove familiarity weaponry admitted ddr programme see iddrs 5.20 child ddr ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament weapon brought ineligible individual part disarmament operation shall collected even individual eligible enter ddr programme.to avoid confusion frustration key eligibility criterion communicated clearly unambiguously member armed group wider population see box 4 iddrs 4.60 public information strategic communication support ddr ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament legal implication also clearly explained \u2014 example voluntary submission weapon disarmament phase eligible ineligible individual result prosecution illegal possession.box 4 disarmament awareness activity n weapon successfully removed early ongoing information sensitization armed force group \u2013 well affected community \u2013 planned collection process essential ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament public information sensitization campaign strong influence success entire ddr programme see iddrs 4.60 public information strategic communication support ddr ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"\\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament nn addition direct contact armed force group community representative range medium \u2013 including radio print medium tv social medium \u2013 used n encourage combatant person associated armed force group disarm ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"\\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n inform armed force group location date disarmament explain procedure including security measure ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"\\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n explain happen collected arm ammunition absence legal repercussion relevant ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"\\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n explain eligibility criterion entering ddr programme provide information potential alternative noneligible individual see iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"\\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n explain legal implication including amnesty assurance nonprosecution see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"\\n Manage expectations.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n manage expectation ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"\\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n distinguish voluntary disarmament armed force group part ddr programme prior forced disarmament past ongoing forced disarmament country ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"\\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament nn professional genderresponsive ageappropriate ddr awareness campaign weapon collection component ddr programme conducted well collection phase begin ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament awarenessraising campaign shall take consideration finding gender analysis design implementation programme activity ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ddr practitioner shall ensure representation gender age campaign engage youth woman woman \u2019 group mitigate risk linking gender identity weapon reinforcing violent masculinity gender stereotype ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament medium awareness activity critical channel counter socially constructed yet enduring association small arm protection power masculinity ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"\\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n key local community made aware ongoing disarmament operation presence movement armed individual create confusion ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament destruction ammunition planned also important inform community beforehand avoid misunderstanding unnecessary tension ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.5 Eligibility criteria for access to DDR programmes", "Heading3":"5.5.1 Weapons-related eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Depending on the context and the content of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement, eligibility for a DDR programme can include specific weapons\/ammunition-related criteria. These criteria should be based on a thorough understanding of the context if effective disarmament is to be achieved. The arsenals of armed forces and groups vary in size, quality and types of weapons. For instance, in conflicts where foreign States actively support armed groups, these groups\u2019 arsenals are often quite large and varied, including not only serviceable SALW but also heavy-weapons systems.Past experience shows that the eligibility criteria related to weapons and ammunition are often not consistent or stringent enough. This can lead to the inclusion of individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups and the collection of poor-quality materiel while illicit serviceable materiel remains in circulation. Accurate information regarding armed forces and groups\u2019 arsenals (see section 5.1) is key in determining relevant and effective weapons-related criteria. These include the type and status (serviceable versus non-serviceable) of weapons or the quantity of ammunition that a combatant should bring along in order to be enrolled in the programme. According to the context, the ratio of arms and ammunition to individual combatants can vary and may include SALW as well as heavy weapons and ammunition.In order to ascertain their eligibility, combatants may also need to take a weapons procedures test, which will identify their familiarity with and ability to handle weapons. Although members of armed groups may not have received formal training to military standards, they should be able to demonstrate an understanding of how to use a weapon. This test should be balanced against other ways to identify combatant status (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Children with weapons should be disarmed but should not be required to demonstrate their capacity to use a weapon or prove familiarity with weaponry to be admitted to the DDR programme (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). All weapons brought by ineligible individuals as part of a disarmament operation shall be collected even if these individuals will not be eligible to enter the DDR programme.To avoid confusion and frustration, it is key that eligibility criteria are communicated clearly and unambiguously to members of armed groups and the wider population (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Legal implications should also be clearly explained \u2014 for example, that the voluntary submission of weapons during the disarmament phase by eligible and ineligible individuals will not result in prosecution for illegal possession.BOX 4: DISARMAMENT AWARENESS ACTIVITIES \\n For weapons to be successfully removed, the early and ongoing information and sensitization of armed forces and groups \u2013 as well as affected communities \u2013 to the planned collection process is essential. Public information and sensitization campaigns will have a strong influence on the success of the entire DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). \\n\\n In addition to direct contact with armed forces and groups and community representatives, a range of media \u2013 including radio, print media, TV and social media \u2013 can be used to: \\n Encourage combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to disarm. \\n Inform armed forces and groups about locations and dates of disarmament and explain procedures, including security measures. \\n Explain what will happen to collected arms and ammunition and the absence of legal repercussions, as relevant. \\n Explain the eligibility criteria for entering a DDR programme and provide information about potential alternatives for non-eligible individuals (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). \\n Explain legal implications, including amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). \\n Manage expectations. \\n Distinguish between the voluntary disarmament of armed forces and groups as part of a DDR programme and prior forced disarmament and any past or ongoing forced disarmament in the country. \\n\\n A professional, gender-responsive and age-appropriate DDR awareness campaign for the weapons collection component of any DDR programme should be conducted well before the collection phase begins. Awareness-raising campaigns shall take into consideration the findings of gender analysis in the design and implementation of programme activities. DDR practitioners shall ensure representation of all genders and ages in the campaign; engage youth, women and women\u2019s groups; and mitigate against the risk of linking gender identities with weapons, reinforcing violent masculinities and other gender stereotypes. Media and awareness activities are critical channels to counter the socially constructed yet enduring associations between small arms, protection, power and masculinity. \\n It is key that local communities be made aware of ongoing disarmament operations so that the presence or movement of armed individuals does not create confusion. If destruction of ammunition is planned, it is also important to inform communities beforehand to avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary tensions. Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":730, "Sentence":"Finally, during ongoing operations, details on progress towards the objectives of the disarmament programme should be disseminated to help reassure stakeholders and communities that the number of illicit weapons in circulation is being reduced, and that overall security is improving.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament finally ongoing operation detail progress towards objective disarmament programme disseminated help reassure stakeholder community number illicit weapon circulation reduced overall security improving ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are a set of mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners within a particular DDR programme in the conduct of disarmament operations and subsequent WAM activities. The development of disarmament SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations.In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in disarmament. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the DDR component, with the support of WAM advisers, and signed off by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as UN military component members and any other partners supporting disarmament activities shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for the safe, effective and efficient conduct of the disarmament component of the DDR programme. All those engaged in supporting disarmament operations shall also be familiar with the relevant SOPs.A single disarmament SOP, or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to disarmament activities, should be informed by the integrated assessment and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards (IATG and MOSAIC), as well as with national laws and international obligations of the country where the programme is being implemented (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).SOPs should cover all disarmament-related activities and include two lines of management procedures: one for ammunition and explosives, and one for weapons systems. The SOP(s) should refer to and be consistent with any other WAM SOPs adopted by the mission and\/or national authorities.While some missions and\/or national authorities have developed a single disarmament SOP, others have preferred a set of SOPs. Regardless, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Reception of arms and\/or ammunition and explosives in static or mobile disarmament; \\n Compliance with weapons- and ammunition-related eligibility criteria (e.g., what is considered a serviceable weapon?); \\n Weapons storage management; \\n Ammunition and explosives storage management; \\n Accounting for weapons and ammunition; \\n Transportation of weapons; \\n Transportation of ammunition; \\n Storage checks; \\n Reporting and investigating loss or theft; \\n Destruction of weapons (or other appropriate methods of disposal and potential marking); \\n Destruction of ammunition (or other appropriate methods of disposal). \\n Managing spontaneous disarmament, including in advance of a formal DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":731, "Sentence":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are a set of mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners within a particular DDR programme in the conduct of disarmament operations and subsequent WAM activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament standard operating procedure sop set mandatory stepbystep instruction designed guide practitioner within particular ddr programme conduct disarmament operation subsequent wam activity ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are a set of mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners within a particular DDR programme in the conduct of disarmament operations and subsequent WAM activities. The development of disarmament SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations.In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in disarmament. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the DDR component, with the support of WAM advisers, and signed off by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as UN military component members and any other partners supporting disarmament activities shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for the safe, effective and efficient conduct of the disarmament component of the DDR programme. All those engaged in supporting disarmament operations shall also be familiar with the relevant SOPs.A single disarmament SOP, or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to disarmament activities, should be informed by the integrated assessment and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards (IATG and MOSAIC), as well as with national laws and international obligations of the country where the programme is being implemented (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).SOPs should cover all disarmament-related activities and include two lines of management procedures: one for ammunition and explosives, and one for weapons systems. The SOP(s) should refer to and be consistent with any other WAM SOPs adopted by the mission and\/or national authorities.While some missions and\/or national authorities have developed a single disarmament SOP, others have preferred a set of SOPs. Regardless, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Reception of arms and\/or ammunition and explosives in static or mobile disarmament; \\n Compliance with weapons- and ammunition-related eligibility criteria (e.g., what is considered a serviceable weapon?); \\n Weapons storage management; \\n Ammunition and explosives storage management; \\n Accounting for weapons and ammunition; \\n Transportation of weapons; \\n Transportation of ammunition; \\n Storage checks; \\n Reporting and investigating loss or theft; \\n Destruction of weapons (or other appropriate methods of disposal and potential marking); \\n Destruction of ammunition (or other appropriate methods of disposal). \\n Managing spontaneous disarmament, including in advance of a formal DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":731, "Sentence":"The development of disarmament SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations.In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in disarmament.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament development disarmament sop become common practice across ddr programme allows coherence delivery activity ensuring greater safety security adherence standardized regulations.in mission context sop identify precise responsibility various un component involved disarmament ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are a set of mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners within a particular DDR programme in the conduct of disarmament operations and subsequent WAM activities. The development of disarmament SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations.In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in disarmament. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the DDR component, with the support of WAM advisers, and signed off by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as UN military component members and any other partners supporting disarmament activities shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for the safe, effective and efficient conduct of the disarmament component of the DDR programme. All those engaged in supporting disarmament operations shall also be familiar with the relevant SOPs.A single disarmament SOP, or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to disarmament activities, should be informed by the integrated assessment and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards (IATG and MOSAIC), as well as with national laws and international obligations of the country where the programme is being implemented (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).SOPs should cover all disarmament-related activities and include two lines of management procedures: one for ammunition and explosives, and one for weapons systems. The SOP(s) should refer to and be consistent with any other WAM SOPs adopted by the mission and\/or national authorities.While some missions and\/or national authorities have developed a single disarmament SOP, others have preferred a set of SOPs. Regardless, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Reception of arms and\/or ammunition and explosives in static or mobile disarmament; \\n Compliance with weapons- and ammunition-related eligibility criteria (e.g., what is considered a serviceable weapon?); \\n Weapons storage management; \\n Ammunition and explosives storage management; \\n Accounting for weapons and ammunition; \\n Transportation of weapons; \\n Transportation of ammunition; \\n Storage checks; \\n Reporting and investigating loss or theft; \\n Destruction of weapons (or other appropriate methods of disposal and potential marking); \\n Destruction of ammunition (or other appropriate methods of disposal). \\n Managing spontaneous disarmament, including in advance of a formal DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":731, "Sentence":"All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament stakeholder agree content sop document reviewed un \u2019 legal office headquarters ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are a set of mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners within a particular DDR programme in the conduct of disarmament operations and subsequent WAM activities. The development of disarmament SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations.In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in disarmament. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the DDR component, with the support of WAM advisers, and signed off by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as UN military component members and any other partners supporting disarmament activities shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for the safe, effective and efficient conduct of the disarmament component of the DDR programme. All those engaged in supporting disarmament operations shall also be familiar with the relevant SOPs.A single disarmament SOP, or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to disarmament activities, should be informed by the integrated assessment and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards (IATG and MOSAIC), as well as with national laws and international obligations of the country where the programme is being implemented (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).SOPs should cover all disarmament-related activities and include two lines of management procedures: one for ammunition and explosives, and one for weapons systems. The SOP(s) should refer to and be consistent with any other WAM SOPs adopted by the mission and\/or national authorities.While some missions and\/or national authorities have developed a single disarmament SOP, others have preferred a set of SOPs. Regardless, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Reception of arms and\/or ammunition and explosives in static or mobile disarmament; \\n Compliance with weapons- and ammunition-related eligibility criteria (e.g., what is considered a serviceable weapon?); \\n Weapons storage management; \\n Ammunition and explosives storage management; \\n Accounting for weapons and ammunition; \\n Transportation of weapons; \\n Transportation of ammunition; \\n Storage checks; \\n Reporting and investigating loss or theft; \\n Destruction of weapons (or other appropriate methods of disposal and potential marking); \\n Destruction of ammunition (or other appropriate methods of disposal). \\n Managing spontaneous disarmament, including in advance of a formal DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":731, "Sentence":"The development of SOPs is led by the DDR component, with the support of WAM advisers, and signed off by the head of the UN mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament development sop led ddr component support wam adviser signed head un mission ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are a set of mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners within a particular DDR programme in the conduct of disarmament operations and subsequent WAM activities. The development of disarmament SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations.In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in disarmament. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the DDR component, with the support of WAM advisers, and signed off by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as UN military component members and any other partners supporting disarmament activities shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for the safe, effective and efficient conduct of the disarmament component of the DDR programme. All those engaged in supporting disarmament operations shall also be familiar with the relevant SOPs.A single disarmament SOP, or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to disarmament activities, should be informed by the integrated assessment and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards (IATG and MOSAIC), as well as with national laws and international obligations of the country where the programme is being implemented (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).SOPs should cover all disarmament-related activities and include two lines of management procedures: one for ammunition and explosives, and one for weapons systems. The SOP(s) should refer to and be consistent with any other WAM SOPs adopted by the mission and\/or national authorities.While some missions and\/or national authorities have developed a single disarmament SOP, others have preferred a set of SOPs. Regardless, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Reception of arms and\/or ammunition and explosives in static or mobile disarmament; \\n Compliance with weapons- and ammunition-related eligibility criteria (e.g., what is considered a serviceable weapon?); \\n Weapons storage management; \\n Ammunition and explosives storage management; \\n Accounting for weapons and ammunition; \\n Transportation of weapons; \\n Transportation of ammunition; \\n Storage checks; \\n Reporting and investigating loss or theft; \\n Destruction of weapons (or other appropriate methods of disposal and potential marking); \\n Destruction of ammunition (or other appropriate methods of disposal). \\n Managing spontaneous disarmament, including in advance of a formal DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":731, "Sentence":"All staff from the DDR component as well as UN military component members and any other partners supporting disarmament activities shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament staff ddr component well un military component member partner supporting disarmament activity shall familiar relevant sop ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are a set of mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners within a particular DDR programme in the conduct of disarmament operations and subsequent WAM activities. The development of disarmament SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations.In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in disarmament. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the DDR component, with the support of WAM advisers, and signed off by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as UN military component members and any other partners supporting disarmament activities shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for the safe, effective and efficient conduct of the disarmament component of the DDR programme. All those engaged in supporting disarmament operations shall also be familiar with the relevant SOPs.A single disarmament SOP, or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to disarmament activities, should be informed by the integrated assessment and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards (IATG and MOSAIC), as well as with national laws and international obligations of the country where the programme is being implemented (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).SOPs should cover all disarmament-related activities and include two lines of management procedures: one for ammunition and explosives, and one for weapons systems. The SOP(s) should refer to and be consistent with any other WAM SOPs adopted by the mission and\/or national authorities.While some missions and\/or national authorities have developed a single disarmament SOP, others have preferred a set of SOPs. Regardless, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Reception of arms and\/or ammunition and explosives in static or mobile disarmament; \\n Compliance with weapons- and ammunition-related eligibility criteria (e.g., what is considered a serviceable weapon?); \\n Weapons storage management; \\n Ammunition and explosives storage management; \\n Accounting for weapons and ammunition; \\n Transportation of weapons; \\n Transportation of ammunition; \\n Storage checks; \\n Reporting and investigating loss or theft; \\n Destruction of weapons (or other appropriate methods of disposal and potential marking); \\n Destruction of ammunition (or other appropriate methods of disposal). \\n Managing spontaneous disarmament, including in advance of a formal DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":731, "Sentence":"The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for the safe, effective and efficient conduct of the disarmament component of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament content sop shall kept date.in nonmission context national authority also advised lead un agencyies development national sop safe effective efficient conduct disarmament component ddr programme ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are a set of mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners within a particular DDR programme in the conduct of disarmament operations and subsequent WAM activities. The development of disarmament SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations.In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in disarmament. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the DDR component, with the support of WAM advisers, and signed off by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as UN military component members and any other partners supporting disarmament activities shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for the safe, effective and efficient conduct of the disarmament component of the DDR programme. All those engaged in supporting disarmament operations shall also be familiar with the relevant SOPs.A single disarmament SOP, or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to disarmament activities, should be informed by the integrated assessment and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards (IATG and MOSAIC), as well as with national laws and international obligations of the country where the programme is being implemented (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).SOPs should cover all disarmament-related activities and include two lines of management procedures: one for ammunition and explosives, and one for weapons systems. The SOP(s) should refer to and be consistent with any other WAM SOPs adopted by the mission and\/or national authorities.While some missions and\/or national authorities have developed a single disarmament SOP, others have preferred a set of SOPs. Regardless, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Reception of arms and\/or ammunition and explosives in static or mobile disarmament; \\n Compliance with weapons- and ammunition-related eligibility criteria (e.g., what is considered a serviceable weapon?); \\n Weapons storage management; \\n Ammunition and explosives storage management; \\n Accounting for weapons and ammunition; \\n Transportation of weapons; \\n Transportation of ammunition; \\n Storage checks; \\n Reporting and investigating loss or theft; \\n Destruction of weapons (or other appropriate methods of disposal and potential marking); \\n Destruction of ammunition (or other appropriate methods of disposal). \\n Managing spontaneous disarmament, including in advance of a formal DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":731, "Sentence":"All those engaged in supporting disarmament operations shall also be familiar with the relevant SOPs.A single disarmament SOP, or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to disarmament activities, should be informed by the integrated assessment and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards (IATG and MOSAIC), as well as with national laws and international obligations of the country where the programme is being implemented (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).SOPs should cover all disarmament-related activities and include two lines of management procedures: one for ammunition and explosives, and one for weapons systems.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament engaged supporting disarmament operation shall also familiar relevant sops.a single disarmament sop set sop covering specific procedure related disarmament activity informed integrated assessment national ddr policy document comply international guideline standard iatg mosaic well national law international obligation country programme implemented see iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammunition management.sops cover disarmamentrelated activity include two line management procedure one ammunition explosive one weapon system ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are a set of mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners within a particular DDR programme in the conduct of disarmament operations and subsequent WAM activities. The development of disarmament SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations.In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in disarmament. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the DDR component, with the support of WAM advisers, and signed off by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as UN military component members and any other partners supporting disarmament activities shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for the safe, effective and efficient conduct of the disarmament component of the DDR programme. All those engaged in supporting disarmament operations shall also be familiar with the relevant SOPs.A single disarmament SOP, or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to disarmament activities, should be informed by the integrated assessment and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards (IATG and MOSAIC), as well as with national laws and international obligations of the country where the programme is being implemented (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).SOPs should cover all disarmament-related activities and include two lines of management procedures: one for ammunition and explosives, and one for weapons systems. The SOP(s) should refer to and be consistent with any other WAM SOPs adopted by the mission and\/or national authorities.While some missions and\/or national authorities have developed a single disarmament SOP, others have preferred a set of SOPs. Regardless, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Reception of arms and\/or ammunition and explosives in static or mobile disarmament; \\n Compliance with weapons- and ammunition-related eligibility criteria (e.g., what is considered a serviceable weapon?); \\n Weapons storage management; \\n Ammunition and explosives storage management; \\n Accounting for weapons and ammunition; \\n Transportation of weapons; \\n Transportation of ammunition; \\n Storage checks; \\n Reporting and investigating loss or theft; \\n Destruction of weapons (or other appropriate methods of disposal and potential marking); \\n Destruction of ammunition (or other appropriate methods of disposal). \\n Managing spontaneous disarmament, including in advance of a formal DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":731, "Sentence":"The SOP(s) should refer to and be consistent with any other WAM SOPs adopted by the mission and\/or national authorities.While some missions and\/or national authorities have developed a single disarmament SOP, others have preferred a set of SOPs.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament sop refer consistent wam sop adopted mission and\/or national authorities.while mission and\/or national authority developed single disarmament sop others preferred set sop ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are a set of mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners within a particular DDR programme in the conduct of disarmament operations and subsequent WAM activities. The development of disarmament SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations.In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in disarmament. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the DDR component, with the support of WAM advisers, and signed off by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as UN military component members and any other partners supporting disarmament activities shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for the safe, effective and efficient conduct of the disarmament component of the DDR programme. All those engaged in supporting disarmament operations shall also be familiar with the relevant SOPs.A single disarmament SOP, or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to disarmament activities, should be informed by the integrated assessment and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards (IATG and MOSAIC), as well as with national laws and international obligations of the country where the programme is being implemented (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).SOPs should cover all disarmament-related activities and include two lines of management procedures: one for ammunition and explosives, and one for weapons systems. The SOP(s) should refer to and be consistent with any other WAM SOPs adopted by the mission and\/or national authorities.While some missions and\/or national authorities have developed a single disarmament SOP, others have preferred a set of SOPs. Regardless, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Reception of arms and\/or ammunition and explosives in static or mobile disarmament; \\n Compliance with weapons- and ammunition-related eligibility criteria (e.g., what is considered a serviceable weapon?); \\n Weapons storage management; \\n Ammunition and explosives storage management; \\n Accounting for weapons and ammunition; \\n Transportation of weapons; \\n Transportation of ammunition; \\n Storage checks; \\n Reporting and investigating loss or theft; \\n Destruction of weapons (or other appropriate methods of disposal and potential marking); \\n Destruction of ammunition (or other appropriate methods of disposal). \\n Managing spontaneous disarmament, including in advance of a formal DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":731, "Sentence":"Regardless, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Reception of arms and\/or ammunition and explosives in static or mobile disarmament; \\n Compliance with weapons- and ammunition-related eligibility criteria (e.g., what is considered a serviceable weapon?", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament regardless sop cover following procedure n reception arm and\/or ammunition explosive static mobile disarmament n compliance weapon ammunitionrelated eligibility criterion e.g . considered serviceable weapon" }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are a set of mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners within a particular DDR programme in the conduct of disarmament operations and subsequent WAM activities. The development of disarmament SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations.In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in disarmament. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the DDR component, with the support of WAM advisers, and signed off by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as UN military component members and any other partners supporting disarmament activities shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for the safe, effective and efficient conduct of the disarmament component of the DDR programme. All those engaged in supporting disarmament operations shall also be familiar with the relevant SOPs.A single disarmament SOP, or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to disarmament activities, should be informed by the integrated assessment and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards (IATG and MOSAIC), as well as with national laws and international obligations of the country where the programme is being implemented (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).SOPs should cover all disarmament-related activities and include two lines of management procedures: one for ammunition and explosives, and one for weapons systems. The SOP(s) should refer to and be consistent with any other WAM SOPs adopted by the mission and\/or national authorities.While some missions and\/or national authorities have developed a single disarmament SOP, others have preferred a set of SOPs. Regardless, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Reception of arms and\/or ammunition and explosives in static or mobile disarmament; \\n Compliance with weapons- and ammunition-related eligibility criteria (e.g., what is considered a serviceable weapon?); \\n Weapons storage management; \\n Ammunition and explosives storage management; \\n Accounting for weapons and ammunition; \\n Transportation of weapons; \\n Transportation of ammunition; \\n Storage checks; \\n Reporting and investigating loss or theft; \\n Destruction of weapons (or other appropriate methods of disposal and potential marking); \\n Destruction of ammunition (or other appropriate methods of disposal). \\n Managing spontaneous disarmament, including in advance of a formal DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":731, "Sentence":"); \\n Weapons storage management; \\n Ammunition and explosives storage management; \\n Accounting for weapons and ammunition; \\n Transportation of weapons; \\n Transportation of ammunition; \\n Storage checks; \\n Reporting and investigating loss or theft; \\n Destruction of weapons (or other appropriate methods of disposal and potential marking); \\n Destruction of ammunition (or other appropriate methods of disposal).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n weapon storage management n ammunition explosive storage management n accounting weapon ammunition n transportation weapon n transportation ammunition n storage check n reporting investigating loss theft n destruction weapon appropriate method disposal potential marking n destruction ammunition appropriate method disposal ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are a set of mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners within a particular DDR programme in the conduct of disarmament operations and subsequent WAM activities. The development of disarmament SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations.In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in disarmament. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the DDR component, with the support of WAM advisers, and signed off by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as UN military component members and any other partners supporting disarmament activities shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for the safe, effective and efficient conduct of the disarmament component of the DDR programme. All those engaged in supporting disarmament operations shall also be familiar with the relevant SOPs.A single disarmament SOP, or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to disarmament activities, should be informed by the integrated assessment and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards (IATG and MOSAIC), as well as with national laws and international obligations of the country where the programme is being implemented (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).SOPs should cover all disarmament-related activities and include two lines of management procedures: one for ammunition and explosives, and one for weapons systems. The SOP(s) should refer to and be consistent with any other WAM SOPs adopted by the mission and\/or national authorities.While some missions and\/or national authorities have developed a single disarmament SOP, others have preferred a set of SOPs. Regardless, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Reception of arms and\/or ammunition and explosives in static or mobile disarmament; \\n Compliance with weapons- and ammunition-related eligibility criteria (e.g., what is considered a serviceable weapon?); \\n Weapons storage management; \\n Ammunition and explosives storage management; \\n Accounting for weapons and ammunition; \\n Transportation of weapons; \\n Transportation of ammunition; \\n Storage checks; \\n Reporting and investigating loss or theft; \\n Destruction of weapons (or other appropriate methods of disposal and potential marking); \\n Destruction of ammunition (or other appropriate methods of disposal). \\n Managing spontaneous disarmament, including in advance of a formal DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":731, "Sentence":"\\n Managing spontaneous disarmament, including in advance of a formal DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n managing spontaneous disarmament including advance formal ddr process ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.7 Disarmament team structure", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The disarmament team is responsible for implementing all operational procedures for disarmament: physical verification of arms and ammunition, recording of materiel, issuance of disarmament receipts\/certificates, storage of materiel, and the destruction of unsafe ammunition and explosives.WAM advisers (see Box 5) should be duly incorporated from the planning stage throughout the implementation of the disarmament phase. As per the IATG, force commanders (military component) should designate a force explosives safety officer responsible for advising on all arms, ammunition and explosives safety matters, including with regards to DDR activities (see Annex L of IATG 01.90).BOX 5: WAM ADVISERS \\n In both mission and non-mission settings, the involvement of UN WAM advisers in the planning and implementation of disarmament operations and WAM is critical to the success of the programme. Depending on the type of activities involved, WAM advisers shall have extensive formal training and operational field experience in ammunition and weapons storage, inspection, transportation and destruction\/disposal, including in fragile settings, as well as experience in the development and administration of new storage facilities. If the DDR component does not include such profiles among its staff, it may rely on support from other specialist UN agencies or NGOs. The WAM adviser shall, among other things, advise on explosive safety, certify that ammunition and explosives are safe to move, identify a nearby demolition site for unsafe ammunition, conduct render-safe procedures on unsafe ammunition, and determine safety distances during collection processes.A disarmament team should include a gender-balanced composition of: \\n DDR practitioners; \\n A representative of the national DDR commission (and potentially other national institutions); \\n An adequately sized technical support team from a specialized UN agency or NGO, including a team leader\/WAM adviser (IMAS EOD level 3), two weapons inspectors to identify weapons and assess safety of items, registration officers, storemen\/women and a medic; \\n Military observers (MILOBs) and representatives from the protection force; \\n National security forces armament specialists (police, army and\/or gendarmerie); \\n A representative from the mission\u2019s department for child protection; \\n A national gender specialist. \\n A national youth specialist.Depending on the provisions of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement and the national DDR policy document, commanders of armed groups may also be part of the disarmament team.Disarmament teams should receive training on the disarmament SOPs (see section 5.6), the chain of procedures involved in conducting disarmament operations, entering data into the registration database, and the types of arms and ammunition they are likely to deal with and their safe handling. Training should be designed by the DDR component with the support of WAM\/EOD-qualified force representatives or a specialized UN agency or NGO. DDR practitioners and other personnel who are not arms and ammunition specialists should also attend the training to ensure that they fully understand the chain of operations and security procedures involved; however, unless qualified to do so, staff shall not handle weapons or ammunition at any stage. Before the launch of operations, a simulation exercise should be organized to test the planning phase, and to support each stakeholder in understanding his or her role and responsibilities. The mission DDR component, specialized UN agencies, and the military component should identify liaison officers to facilitate the implementation of disarmament operationsIn non-mission settings, the conduct and security of disarmament operations may rely on national security forces, joint commissions or teams and on national specialists with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners. The UN and partners should support the organization of training for national disarmament teams to develop capacity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":732, "Sentence":"The disarmament team is responsible for implementing all operational procedures for disarmament: physical verification of arms and ammunition, recording of materiel, issuance of disarmament receipts\/certificates, storage of materiel, and the destruction of unsafe ammunition and explosives.WAM advisers (see Box 5) should be duly incorporated from the planning stage throughout the implementation of the disarmament phase.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament disarmament team responsible implementing operational procedure disarmament physical verification arm ammunition recording materiel issuance disarmament receipts\/certificates storage materiel destruction unsafe ammunition explosives.wam adviser see box 5 duly incorporated planning stage throughout implementation disarmament phase ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.7 Disarmament team structure", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The disarmament team is responsible for implementing all operational procedures for disarmament: physical verification of arms and ammunition, recording of materiel, issuance of disarmament receipts\/certificates, storage of materiel, and the destruction of unsafe ammunition and explosives.WAM advisers (see Box 5) should be duly incorporated from the planning stage throughout the implementation of the disarmament phase. As per the IATG, force commanders (military component) should designate a force explosives safety officer responsible for advising on all arms, ammunition and explosives safety matters, including with regards to DDR activities (see Annex L of IATG 01.90).BOX 5: WAM ADVISERS \\n In both mission and non-mission settings, the involvement of UN WAM advisers in the planning and implementation of disarmament operations and WAM is critical to the success of the programme. Depending on the type of activities involved, WAM advisers shall have extensive formal training and operational field experience in ammunition and weapons storage, inspection, transportation and destruction\/disposal, including in fragile settings, as well as experience in the development and administration of new storage facilities. If the DDR component does not include such profiles among its staff, it may rely on support from other specialist UN agencies or NGOs. The WAM adviser shall, among other things, advise on explosive safety, certify that ammunition and explosives are safe to move, identify a nearby demolition site for unsafe ammunition, conduct render-safe procedures on unsafe ammunition, and determine safety distances during collection processes.A disarmament team should include a gender-balanced composition of: \\n DDR practitioners; \\n A representative of the national DDR commission (and potentially other national institutions); \\n An adequately sized technical support team from a specialized UN agency or NGO, including a team leader\/WAM adviser (IMAS EOD level 3), two weapons inspectors to identify weapons and assess safety of items, registration officers, storemen\/women and a medic; \\n Military observers (MILOBs) and representatives from the protection force; \\n National security forces armament specialists (police, army and\/or gendarmerie); \\n A representative from the mission\u2019s department for child protection; \\n A national gender specialist. \\n A national youth specialist.Depending on the provisions of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement and the national DDR policy document, commanders of armed groups may also be part of the disarmament team.Disarmament teams should receive training on the disarmament SOPs (see section 5.6), the chain of procedures involved in conducting disarmament operations, entering data into the registration database, and the types of arms and ammunition they are likely to deal with and their safe handling. Training should be designed by the DDR component with the support of WAM\/EOD-qualified force representatives or a specialized UN agency or NGO. DDR practitioners and other personnel who are not arms and ammunition specialists should also attend the training to ensure that they fully understand the chain of operations and security procedures involved; however, unless qualified to do so, staff shall not handle weapons or ammunition at any stage. Before the launch of operations, a simulation exercise should be organized to test the planning phase, and to support each stakeholder in understanding his or her role and responsibilities. The mission DDR component, specialized UN agencies, and the military component should identify liaison officers to facilitate the implementation of disarmament operationsIn non-mission settings, the conduct and security of disarmament operations may rely on national security forces, joint commissions or teams and on national specialists with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners. The UN and partners should support the organization of training for national disarmament teams to develop capacity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":732, "Sentence":"As per the IATG, force commanders (military component) should designate a force explosives safety officer responsible for advising on all arms, ammunition and explosives safety matters, including with regards to DDR activities (see Annex L of IATG 01.90).BOX 5: WAM ADVISERS \\n In both mission and non-mission settings, the involvement of UN WAM advisers in the planning and implementation of disarmament operations and WAM is critical to the success of the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament per iatg force commander military component designate force explosive safety officer responsible advising arm ammunition explosive safety matter including regard ddr activity see annex l iatg 01.90.box 5 wam adviser n mission nonmission setting involvement un wam adviser planning implementation disarmament operation wam critical success programme ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.7 Disarmament team structure", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The disarmament team is responsible for implementing all operational procedures for disarmament: physical verification of arms and ammunition, recording of materiel, issuance of disarmament receipts\/certificates, storage of materiel, and the destruction of unsafe ammunition and explosives.WAM advisers (see Box 5) should be duly incorporated from the planning stage throughout the implementation of the disarmament phase. As per the IATG, force commanders (military component) should designate a force explosives safety officer responsible for advising on all arms, ammunition and explosives safety matters, including with regards to DDR activities (see Annex L of IATG 01.90).BOX 5: WAM ADVISERS \\n In both mission and non-mission settings, the involvement of UN WAM advisers in the planning and implementation of disarmament operations and WAM is critical to the success of the programme. Depending on the type of activities involved, WAM advisers shall have extensive formal training and operational field experience in ammunition and weapons storage, inspection, transportation and destruction\/disposal, including in fragile settings, as well as experience in the development and administration of new storage facilities. If the DDR component does not include such profiles among its staff, it may rely on support from other specialist UN agencies or NGOs. The WAM adviser shall, among other things, advise on explosive safety, certify that ammunition and explosives are safe to move, identify a nearby demolition site for unsafe ammunition, conduct render-safe procedures on unsafe ammunition, and determine safety distances during collection processes.A disarmament team should include a gender-balanced composition of: \\n DDR practitioners; \\n A representative of the national DDR commission (and potentially other national institutions); \\n An adequately sized technical support team from a specialized UN agency or NGO, including a team leader\/WAM adviser (IMAS EOD level 3), two weapons inspectors to identify weapons and assess safety of items, registration officers, storemen\/women and a medic; \\n Military observers (MILOBs) and representatives from the protection force; \\n National security forces armament specialists (police, army and\/or gendarmerie); \\n A representative from the mission\u2019s department for child protection; \\n A national gender specialist. \\n A national youth specialist.Depending on the provisions of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement and the national DDR policy document, commanders of armed groups may also be part of the disarmament team.Disarmament teams should receive training on the disarmament SOPs (see section 5.6), the chain of procedures involved in conducting disarmament operations, entering data into the registration database, and the types of arms and ammunition they are likely to deal with and their safe handling. Training should be designed by the DDR component with the support of WAM\/EOD-qualified force representatives or a specialized UN agency or NGO. DDR practitioners and other personnel who are not arms and ammunition specialists should also attend the training to ensure that they fully understand the chain of operations and security procedures involved; however, unless qualified to do so, staff shall not handle weapons or ammunition at any stage. Before the launch of operations, a simulation exercise should be organized to test the planning phase, and to support each stakeholder in understanding his or her role and responsibilities. The mission DDR component, specialized UN agencies, and the military component should identify liaison officers to facilitate the implementation of disarmament operationsIn non-mission settings, the conduct and security of disarmament operations may rely on national security forces, joint commissions or teams and on national specialists with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners. The UN and partners should support the organization of training for national disarmament teams to develop capacity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":732, "Sentence":"Depending on the type of activities involved, WAM advisers shall have extensive formal training and operational field experience in ammunition and weapons storage, inspection, transportation and destruction\/disposal, including in fragile settings, as well as experience in the development and administration of new storage facilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament depending type activity involved wam adviser shall extensive formal training operational field experience ammunition weapon storage inspection transportation destruction\/disposal including fragile setting well experience development administration new storage facility ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.7 Disarmament team structure", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The disarmament team is responsible for implementing all operational procedures for disarmament: physical verification of arms and ammunition, recording of materiel, issuance of disarmament receipts\/certificates, storage of materiel, and the destruction of unsafe ammunition and explosives.WAM advisers (see Box 5) should be duly incorporated from the planning stage throughout the implementation of the disarmament phase. As per the IATG, force commanders (military component) should designate a force explosives safety officer responsible for advising on all arms, ammunition and explosives safety matters, including with regards to DDR activities (see Annex L of IATG 01.90).BOX 5: WAM ADVISERS \\n In both mission and non-mission settings, the involvement of UN WAM advisers in the planning and implementation of disarmament operations and WAM is critical to the success of the programme. Depending on the type of activities involved, WAM advisers shall have extensive formal training and operational field experience in ammunition and weapons storage, inspection, transportation and destruction\/disposal, including in fragile settings, as well as experience in the development and administration of new storage facilities. If the DDR component does not include such profiles among its staff, it may rely on support from other specialist UN agencies or NGOs. The WAM adviser shall, among other things, advise on explosive safety, certify that ammunition and explosives are safe to move, identify a nearby demolition site for unsafe ammunition, conduct render-safe procedures on unsafe ammunition, and determine safety distances during collection processes.A disarmament team should include a gender-balanced composition of: \\n DDR practitioners; \\n A representative of the national DDR commission (and potentially other national institutions); \\n An adequately sized technical support team from a specialized UN agency or NGO, including a team leader\/WAM adviser (IMAS EOD level 3), two weapons inspectors to identify weapons and assess safety of items, registration officers, storemen\/women and a medic; \\n Military observers (MILOBs) and representatives from the protection force; \\n National security forces armament specialists (police, army and\/or gendarmerie); \\n A representative from the mission\u2019s department for child protection; \\n A national gender specialist. \\n A national youth specialist.Depending on the provisions of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement and the national DDR policy document, commanders of armed groups may also be part of the disarmament team.Disarmament teams should receive training on the disarmament SOPs (see section 5.6), the chain of procedures involved in conducting disarmament operations, entering data into the registration database, and the types of arms and ammunition they are likely to deal with and their safe handling. Training should be designed by the DDR component with the support of WAM\/EOD-qualified force representatives or a specialized UN agency or NGO. DDR practitioners and other personnel who are not arms and ammunition specialists should also attend the training to ensure that they fully understand the chain of operations and security procedures involved; however, unless qualified to do so, staff shall not handle weapons or ammunition at any stage. Before the launch of operations, a simulation exercise should be organized to test the planning phase, and to support each stakeholder in understanding his or her role and responsibilities. The mission DDR component, specialized UN agencies, and the military component should identify liaison officers to facilitate the implementation of disarmament operationsIn non-mission settings, the conduct and security of disarmament operations may rely on national security forces, joint commissions or teams and on national specialists with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners. The UN and partners should support the organization of training for national disarmament teams to develop capacity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":732, "Sentence":"If the DDR component does not include such profiles among its staff, it may rely on support from other specialist UN agencies or NGOs.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ddr component include profile among staff may rely support specialist un agency ngo ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.7 Disarmament team structure", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The disarmament team is responsible for implementing all operational procedures for disarmament: physical verification of arms and ammunition, recording of materiel, issuance of disarmament receipts\/certificates, storage of materiel, and the destruction of unsafe ammunition and explosives.WAM advisers (see Box 5) should be duly incorporated from the planning stage throughout the implementation of the disarmament phase. As per the IATG, force commanders (military component) should designate a force explosives safety officer responsible for advising on all arms, ammunition and explosives safety matters, including with regards to DDR activities (see Annex L of IATG 01.90).BOX 5: WAM ADVISERS \\n In both mission and non-mission settings, the involvement of UN WAM advisers in the planning and implementation of disarmament operations and WAM is critical to the success of the programme. Depending on the type of activities involved, WAM advisers shall have extensive formal training and operational field experience in ammunition and weapons storage, inspection, transportation and destruction\/disposal, including in fragile settings, as well as experience in the development and administration of new storage facilities. If the DDR component does not include such profiles among its staff, it may rely on support from other specialist UN agencies or NGOs. The WAM adviser shall, among other things, advise on explosive safety, certify that ammunition and explosives are safe to move, identify a nearby demolition site for unsafe ammunition, conduct render-safe procedures on unsafe ammunition, and determine safety distances during collection processes.A disarmament team should include a gender-balanced composition of: \\n DDR practitioners; \\n A representative of the national DDR commission (and potentially other national institutions); \\n An adequately sized technical support team from a specialized UN agency or NGO, including a team leader\/WAM adviser (IMAS EOD level 3), two weapons inspectors to identify weapons and assess safety of items, registration officers, storemen\/women and a medic; \\n Military observers (MILOBs) and representatives from the protection force; \\n National security forces armament specialists (police, army and\/or gendarmerie); \\n A representative from the mission\u2019s department for child protection; \\n A national gender specialist. \\n A national youth specialist.Depending on the provisions of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement and the national DDR policy document, commanders of armed groups may also be part of the disarmament team.Disarmament teams should receive training on the disarmament SOPs (see section 5.6), the chain of procedures involved in conducting disarmament operations, entering data into the registration database, and the types of arms and ammunition they are likely to deal with and their safe handling. Training should be designed by the DDR component with the support of WAM\/EOD-qualified force representatives or a specialized UN agency or NGO. DDR practitioners and other personnel who are not arms and ammunition specialists should also attend the training to ensure that they fully understand the chain of operations and security procedures involved; however, unless qualified to do so, staff shall not handle weapons or ammunition at any stage. Before the launch of operations, a simulation exercise should be organized to test the planning phase, and to support each stakeholder in understanding his or her role and responsibilities. The mission DDR component, specialized UN agencies, and the military component should identify liaison officers to facilitate the implementation of disarmament operationsIn non-mission settings, the conduct and security of disarmament operations may rely on national security forces, joint commissions or teams and on national specialists with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners. The UN and partners should support the organization of training for national disarmament teams to develop capacity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":732, "Sentence":"The WAM adviser shall, among other things, advise on explosive safety, certify that ammunition and explosives are safe to move, identify a nearby demolition site for unsafe ammunition, conduct render-safe procedures on unsafe ammunition, and determine safety distances during collection processes.A disarmament team should include a gender-balanced composition of: \\n DDR practitioners; \\n A representative of the national DDR commission (and potentially other national institutions); \\n An adequately sized technical support team from a specialized UN agency or NGO, including a team leader\/WAM adviser (IMAS EOD level 3), two weapons inspectors to identify weapons and assess safety of items, registration officers, storemen\/women and a medic; \\n Military observers (MILOBs) and representatives from the protection force; \\n National security forces armament specialists (police, army and\/or gendarmerie); \\n A representative from the mission\u2019s department for child protection; \\n A national gender specialist.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament wam adviser shall among thing advise explosive safety certify ammunition explosive safe move identify nearby demolition site unsafe ammunition conduct rendersafe procedure unsafe ammunition determine safety distance collection processes.a disarmament team include genderbalanced composition n ddr practitioner n representative national ddr commission potentially national institution n adequately sized technical support team specialized un agency ngo including team leader\/wam adviser imas eod level 3 two weapon inspector identify weapon ass safety item registration officer storemen\/women medic n military observer milobs representative protection force n national security force armament specialist police army and\/or gendarmerie n representative mission \u2019 department child protection n national gender specialist ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.7 Disarmament team structure", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The disarmament team is responsible for implementing all operational procedures for disarmament: physical verification of arms and ammunition, recording of materiel, issuance of disarmament receipts\/certificates, storage of materiel, and the destruction of unsafe ammunition and explosives.WAM advisers (see Box 5) should be duly incorporated from the planning stage throughout the implementation of the disarmament phase. As per the IATG, force commanders (military component) should designate a force explosives safety officer responsible for advising on all arms, ammunition and explosives safety matters, including with regards to DDR activities (see Annex L of IATG 01.90).BOX 5: WAM ADVISERS \\n In both mission and non-mission settings, the involvement of UN WAM advisers in the planning and implementation of disarmament operations and WAM is critical to the success of the programme. Depending on the type of activities involved, WAM advisers shall have extensive formal training and operational field experience in ammunition and weapons storage, inspection, transportation and destruction\/disposal, including in fragile settings, as well as experience in the development and administration of new storage facilities. If the DDR component does not include such profiles among its staff, it may rely on support from other specialist UN agencies or NGOs. The WAM adviser shall, among other things, advise on explosive safety, certify that ammunition and explosives are safe to move, identify a nearby demolition site for unsafe ammunition, conduct render-safe procedures on unsafe ammunition, and determine safety distances during collection processes.A disarmament team should include a gender-balanced composition of: \\n DDR practitioners; \\n A representative of the national DDR commission (and potentially other national institutions); \\n An adequately sized technical support team from a specialized UN agency or NGO, including a team leader\/WAM adviser (IMAS EOD level 3), two weapons inspectors to identify weapons and assess safety of items, registration officers, storemen\/women and a medic; \\n Military observers (MILOBs) and representatives from the protection force; \\n National security forces armament specialists (police, army and\/or gendarmerie); \\n A representative from the mission\u2019s department for child protection; \\n A national gender specialist. \\n A national youth specialist.Depending on the provisions of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement and the national DDR policy document, commanders of armed groups may also be part of the disarmament team.Disarmament teams should receive training on the disarmament SOPs (see section 5.6), the chain of procedures involved in conducting disarmament operations, entering data into the registration database, and the types of arms and ammunition they are likely to deal with and their safe handling. Training should be designed by the DDR component with the support of WAM\/EOD-qualified force representatives or a specialized UN agency or NGO. DDR practitioners and other personnel who are not arms and ammunition specialists should also attend the training to ensure that they fully understand the chain of operations and security procedures involved; however, unless qualified to do so, staff shall not handle weapons or ammunition at any stage. Before the launch of operations, a simulation exercise should be organized to test the planning phase, and to support each stakeholder in understanding his or her role and responsibilities. The mission DDR component, specialized UN agencies, and the military component should identify liaison officers to facilitate the implementation of disarmament operationsIn non-mission settings, the conduct and security of disarmament operations may rely on national security forces, joint commissions or teams and on national specialists with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners. The UN and partners should support the organization of training for national disarmament teams to develop capacity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":732, "Sentence":"\\n A national youth specialist.Depending on the provisions of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement and the national DDR policy document, commanders of armed groups may also be part of the disarmament team.Disarmament teams should receive training on the disarmament SOPs (see section 5.6), the chain of procedures involved in conducting disarmament operations, entering data into the registration database, and the types of arms and ammunition they are likely to deal with and their safe handling.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n national youth specialist.depending provision ceasefire and\/or peace agreement national ddr policy document commander armed group may also part disarmament team.disarmament team receive training disarmament sop see section 5.6 chain procedure involved conducting disarmament operation entering data registration database type arm ammunition likely deal safe handling ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.7 Disarmament team structure", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The disarmament team is responsible for implementing all operational procedures for disarmament: physical verification of arms and ammunition, recording of materiel, issuance of disarmament receipts\/certificates, storage of materiel, and the destruction of unsafe ammunition and explosives.WAM advisers (see Box 5) should be duly incorporated from the planning stage throughout the implementation of the disarmament phase. As per the IATG, force commanders (military component) should designate a force explosives safety officer responsible for advising on all arms, ammunition and explosives safety matters, including with regards to DDR activities (see Annex L of IATG 01.90).BOX 5: WAM ADVISERS \\n In both mission and non-mission settings, the involvement of UN WAM advisers in the planning and implementation of disarmament operations and WAM is critical to the success of the programme. Depending on the type of activities involved, WAM advisers shall have extensive formal training and operational field experience in ammunition and weapons storage, inspection, transportation and destruction\/disposal, including in fragile settings, as well as experience in the development and administration of new storage facilities. If the DDR component does not include such profiles among its staff, it may rely on support from other specialist UN agencies or NGOs. The WAM adviser shall, among other things, advise on explosive safety, certify that ammunition and explosives are safe to move, identify a nearby demolition site for unsafe ammunition, conduct render-safe procedures on unsafe ammunition, and determine safety distances during collection processes.A disarmament team should include a gender-balanced composition of: \\n DDR practitioners; \\n A representative of the national DDR commission (and potentially other national institutions); \\n An adequately sized technical support team from a specialized UN agency or NGO, including a team leader\/WAM adviser (IMAS EOD level 3), two weapons inspectors to identify weapons and assess safety of items, registration officers, storemen\/women and a medic; \\n Military observers (MILOBs) and representatives from the protection force; \\n National security forces armament specialists (police, army and\/or gendarmerie); \\n A representative from the mission\u2019s department for child protection; \\n A national gender specialist. \\n A national youth specialist.Depending on the provisions of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement and the national DDR policy document, commanders of armed groups may also be part of the disarmament team.Disarmament teams should receive training on the disarmament SOPs (see section 5.6), the chain of procedures involved in conducting disarmament operations, entering data into the registration database, and the types of arms and ammunition they are likely to deal with and their safe handling. Training should be designed by the DDR component with the support of WAM\/EOD-qualified force representatives or a specialized UN agency or NGO. DDR practitioners and other personnel who are not arms and ammunition specialists should also attend the training to ensure that they fully understand the chain of operations and security procedures involved; however, unless qualified to do so, staff shall not handle weapons or ammunition at any stage. Before the launch of operations, a simulation exercise should be organized to test the planning phase, and to support each stakeholder in understanding his or her role and responsibilities. The mission DDR component, specialized UN agencies, and the military component should identify liaison officers to facilitate the implementation of disarmament operationsIn non-mission settings, the conduct and security of disarmament operations may rely on national security forces, joint commissions or teams and on national specialists with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners. The UN and partners should support the organization of training for national disarmament teams to develop capacity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":732, "Sentence":"Training should be designed by the DDR component with the support of WAM\/EOD-qualified force representatives or a specialized UN agency or NGO.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament training designed ddr component support wam\/eodqualified force representative specialized un agency ngo ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.7 Disarmament team structure", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The disarmament team is responsible for implementing all operational procedures for disarmament: physical verification of arms and ammunition, recording of materiel, issuance of disarmament receipts\/certificates, storage of materiel, and the destruction of unsafe ammunition and explosives.WAM advisers (see Box 5) should be duly incorporated from the planning stage throughout the implementation of the disarmament phase. As per the IATG, force commanders (military component) should designate a force explosives safety officer responsible for advising on all arms, ammunition and explosives safety matters, including with regards to DDR activities (see Annex L of IATG 01.90).BOX 5: WAM ADVISERS \\n In both mission and non-mission settings, the involvement of UN WAM advisers in the planning and implementation of disarmament operations and WAM is critical to the success of the programme. Depending on the type of activities involved, WAM advisers shall have extensive formal training and operational field experience in ammunition and weapons storage, inspection, transportation and destruction\/disposal, including in fragile settings, as well as experience in the development and administration of new storage facilities. If the DDR component does not include such profiles among its staff, it may rely on support from other specialist UN agencies or NGOs. The WAM adviser shall, among other things, advise on explosive safety, certify that ammunition and explosives are safe to move, identify a nearby demolition site for unsafe ammunition, conduct render-safe procedures on unsafe ammunition, and determine safety distances during collection processes.A disarmament team should include a gender-balanced composition of: \\n DDR practitioners; \\n A representative of the national DDR commission (and potentially other national institutions); \\n An adequately sized technical support team from a specialized UN agency or NGO, including a team leader\/WAM adviser (IMAS EOD level 3), two weapons inspectors to identify weapons and assess safety of items, registration officers, storemen\/women and a medic; \\n Military observers (MILOBs) and representatives from the protection force; \\n National security forces armament specialists (police, army and\/or gendarmerie); \\n A representative from the mission\u2019s department for child protection; \\n A national gender specialist. \\n A national youth specialist.Depending on the provisions of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement and the national DDR policy document, commanders of armed groups may also be part of the disarmament team.Disarmament teams should receive training on the disarmament SOPs (see section 5.6), the chain of procedures involved in conducting disarmament operations, entering data into the registration database, and the types of arms and ammunition they are likely to deal with and their safe handling. Training should be designed by the DDR component with the support of WAM\/EOD-qualified force representatives or a specialized UN agency or NGO. DDR practitioners and other personnel who are not arms and ammunition specialists should also attend the training to ensure that they fully understand the chain of operations and security procedures involved; however, unless qualified to do so, staff shall not handle weapons or ammunition at any stage. Before the launch of operations, a simulation exercise should be organized to test the planning phase, and to support each stakeholder in understanding his or her role and responsibilities. The mission DDR component, specialized UN agencies, and the military component should identify liaison officers to facilitate the implementation of disarmament operationsIn non-mission settings, the conduct and security of disarmament operations may rely on national security forces, joint commissions or teams and on national specialists with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners. The UN and partners should support the organization of training for national disarmament teams to develop capacity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":732, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners and other personnel who are not arms and ammunition specialists should also attend the training to ensure that they fully understand the chain of operations and security procedures involved; however, unless qualified to do so, staff shall not handle weapons or ammunition at any stage.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ddr practitioner personnel arm ammunition specialist also attend training ensure fully understand chain operation security procedure involved however unless qualified staff shall handle weapon ammunition stage ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.7 Disarmament team structure", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The disarmament team is responsible for implementing all operational procedures for disarmament: physical verification of arms and ammunition, recording of materiel, issuance of disarmament receipts\/certificates, storage of materiel, and the destruction of unsafe ammunition and explosives.WAM advisers (see Box 5) should be duly incorporated from the planning stage throughout the implementation of the disarmament phase. As per the IATG, force commanders (military component) should designate a force explosives safety officer responsible for advising on all arms, ammunition and explosives safety matters, including with regards to DDR activities (see Annex L of IATG 01.90).BOX 5: WAM ADVISERS \\n In both mission and non-mission settings, the involvement of UN WAM advisers in the planning and implementation of disarmament operations and WAM is critical to the success of the programme. Depending on the type of activities involved, WAM advisers shall have extensive formal training and operational field experience in ammunition and weapons storage, inspection, transportation and destruction\/disposal, including in fragile settings, as well as experience in the development and administration of new storage facilities. If the DDR component does not include such profiles among its staff, it may rely on support from other specialist UN agencies or NGOs. The WAM adviser shall, among other things, advise on explosive safety, certify that ammunition and explosives are safe to move, identify a nearby demolition site for unsafe ammunition, conduct render-safe procedures on unsafe ammunition, and determine safety distances during collection processes.A disarmament team should include a gender-balanced composition of: \\n DDR practitioners; \\n A representative of the national DDR commission (and potentially other national institutions); \\n An adequately sized technical support team from a specialized UN agency or NGO, including a team leader\/WAM adviser (IMAS EOD level 3), two weapons inspectors to identify weapons and assess safety of items, registration officers, storemen\/women and a medic; \\n Military observers (MILOBs) and representatives from the protection force; \\n National security forces armament specialists (police, army and\/or gendarmerie); \\n A representative from the mission\u2019s department for child protection; \\n A national gender specialist. \\n A national youth specialist.Depending on the provisions of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement and the national DDR policy document, commanders of armed groups may also be part of the disarmament team.Disarmament teams should receive training on the disarmament SOPs (see section 5.6), the chain of procedures involved in conducting disarmament operations, entering data into the registration database, and the types of arms and ammunition they are likely to deal with and their safe handling. Training should be designed by the DDR component with the support of WAM\/EOD-qualified force representatives or a specialized UN agency or NGO. DDR practitioners and other personnel who are not arms and ammunition specialists should also attend the training to ensure that they fully understand the chain of operations and security procedures involved; however, unless qualified to do so, staff shall not handle weapons or ammunition at any stage. Before the launch of operations, a simulation exercise should be organized to test the planning phase, and to support each stakeholder in understanding his or her role and responsibilities. The mission DDR component, specialized UN agencies, and the military component should identify liaison officers to facilitate the implementation of disarmament operationsIn non-mission settings, the conduct and security of disarmament operations may rely on national security forces, joint commissions or teams and on national specialists with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners. The UN and partners should support the organization of training for national disarmament teams to develop capacity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":732, "Sentence":"Before the launch of operations, a simulation exercise should be organized to test the planning phase, and to support each stakeholder in understanding his or her role and responsibilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament launch operation simulation exercise organized test planning phase support stakeholder understanding role responsibility ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.7 Disarmament team structure", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The disarmament team is responsible for implementing all operational procedures for disarmament: physical verification of arms and ammunition, recording of materiel, issuance of disarmament receipts\/certificates, storage of materiel, and the destruction of unsafe ammunition and explosives.WAM advisers (see Box 5) should be duly incorporated from the planning stage throughout the implementation of the disarmament phase. As per the IATG, force commanders (military component) should designate a force explosives safety officer responsible for advising on all arms, ammunition and explosives safety matters, including with regards to DDR activities (see Annex L of IATG 01.90).BOX 5: WAM ADVISERS \\n In both mission and non-mission settings, the involvement of UN WAM advisers in the planning and implementation of disarmament operations and WAM is critical to the success of the programme. Depending on the type of activities involved, WAM advisers shall have extensive formal training and operational field experience in ammunition and weapons storage, inspection, transportation and destruction\/disposal, including in fragile settings, as well as experience in the development and administration of new storage facilities. If the DDR component does not include such profiles among its staff, it may rely on support from other specialist UN agencies or NGOs. The WAM adviser shall, among other things, advise on explosive safety, certify that ammunition and explosives are safe to move, identify a nearby demolition site for unsafe ammunition, conduct render-safe procedures on unsafe ammunition, and determine safety distances during collection processes.A disarmament team should include a gender-balanced composition of: \\n DDR practitioners; \\n A representative of the national DDR commission (and potentially other national institutions); \\n An adequately sized technical support team from a specialized UN agency or NGO, including a team leader\/WAM adviser (IMAS EOD level 3), two weapons inspectors to identify weapons and assess safety of items, registration officers, storemen\/women and a medic; \\n Military observers (MILOBs) and representatives from the protection force; \\n National security forces armament specialists (police, army and\/or gendarmerie); \\n A representative from the mission\u2019s department for child protection; \\n A national gender specialist. \\n A national youth specialist.Depending on the provisions of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement and the national DDR policy document, commanders of armed groups may also be part of the disarmament team.Disarmament teams should receive training on the disarmament SOPs (see section 5.6), the chain of procedures involved in conducting disarmament operations, entering data into the registration database, and the types of arms and ammunition they are likely to deal with and their safe handling. Training should be designed by the DDR component with the support of WAM\/EOD-qualified force representatives or a specialized UN agency or NGO. DDR practitioners and other personnel who are not arms and ammunition specialists should also attend the training to ensure that they fully understand the chain of operations and security procedures involved; however, unless qualified to do so, staff shall not handle weapons or ammunition at any stage. Before the launch of operations, a simulation exercise should be organized to test the planning phase, and to support each stakeholder in understanding his or her role and responsibilities. The mission DDR component, specialized UN agencies, and the military component should identify liaison officers to facilitate the implementation of disarmament operationsIn non-mission settings, the conduct and security of disarmament operations may rely on national security forces, joint commissions or teams and on national specialists with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners. The UN and partners should support the organization of training for national disarmament teams to develop capacity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":732, "Sentence":"The mission DDR component, specialized UN agencies, and the military component should identify liaison officers to facilitate the implementation of disarmament operationsIn non-mission settings, the conduct and security of disarmament operations may rely on national security forces, joint commissions or teams and on national specialists with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament mission ddr component specialized un agency military component identify liaison officer facilitate implementation disarmament operationsin nonmission setting conduct security disarmament operation may rely national security force joint commission team national specialist technical support relevant un agency y multilateral bilateral partner ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.7 Disarmament team structure", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The disarmament team is responsible for implementing all operational procedures for disarmament: physical verification of arms and ammunition, recording of materiel, issuance of disarmament receipts\/certificates, storage of materiel, and the destruction of unsafe ammunition and explosives.WAM advisers (see Box 5) should be duly incorporated from the planning stage throughout the implementation of the disarmament phase. As per the IATG, force commanders (military component) should designate a force explosives safety officer responsible for advising on all arms, ammunition and explosives safety matters, including with regards to DDR activities (see Annex L of IATG 01.90).BOX 5: WAM ADVISERS \\n In both mission and non-mission settings, the involvement of UN WAM advisers in the planning and implementation of disarmament operations and WAM is critical to the success of the programme. Depending on the type of activities involved, WAM advisers shall have extensive formal training and operational field experience in ammunition and weapons storage, inspection, transportation and destruction\/disposal, including in fragile settings, as well as experience in the development and administration of new storage facilities. If the DDR component does not include such profiles among its staff, it may rely on support from other specialist UN agencies or NGOs. The WAM adviser shall, among other things, advise on explosive safety, certify that ammunition and explosives are safe to move, identify a nearby demolition site for unsafe ammunition, conduct render-safe procedures on unsafe ammunition, and determine safety distances during collection processes.A disarmament team should include a gender-balanced composition of: \\n DDR practitioners; \\n A representative of the national DDR commission (and potentially other national institutions); \\n An adequately sized technical support team from a specialized UN agency or NGO, including a team leader\/WAM adviser (IMAS EOD level 3), two weapons inspectors to identify weapons and assess safety of items, registration officers, storemen\/women and a medic; \\n Military observers (MILOBs) and representatives from the protection force; \\n National security forces armament specialists (police, army and\/or gendarmerie); \\n A representative from the mission\u2019s department for child protection; \\n A national gender specialist. \\n A national youth specialist.Depending on the provisions of the ceasefire and\/or peace agreement and the national DDR policy document, commanders of armed groups may also be part of the disarmament team.Disarmament teams should receive training on the disarmament SOPs (see section 5.6), the chain of procedures involved in conducting disarmament operations, entering data into the registration database, and the types of arms and ammunition they are likely to deal with and their safe handling. Training should be designed by the DDR component with the support of WAM\/EOD-qualified force representatives or a specialized UN agency or NGO. DDR practitioners and other personnel who are not arms and ammunition specialists should also attend the training to ensure that they fully understand the chain of operations and security procedures involved; however, unless qualified to do so, staff shall not handle weapons or ammunition at any stage. Before the launch of operations, a simulation exercise should be organized to test the planning phase, and to support each stakeholder in understanding his or her role and responsibilities. The mission DDR component, specialized UN agencies, and the military component should identify liaison officers to facilitate the implementation of disarmament operationsIn non-mission settings, the conduct and security of disarmament operations may rely on national security forces, joint commissions or teams and on national specialists with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners. The UN and partners should support the organization of training for national disarmament teams to develop capacity.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":732, "Sentence":"The UN and partners should support the organization of training for national disarmament teams to develop capacity.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament un partner support organization training national disarmament team develop capacity ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.8 Timelines for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Timelines for the implementation of the disarmament component of a DDR programme should be developed by taking the following factors into account: \\n The provisions of the peace agreement or the ceasefire agreement; \\n The availability of accurate information about demographics, including sex and age, as well as the size of the armed forces and groups to be disarmed; \\n The location of the armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 units and the number, type and location of their weapons; \\n The nature, processing capacity and location of mobile and static disarmament sites; \\n The time it takes to process each ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (this could be anywhere from 15 to 20 minutes per person). The simulation exercise will help to determine how long individual weapons collection and accounting will take.Depending on the nature of the conflict and other political and social conditions, a well- planned and well-implemented disarmament component may see large numbers of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups arriving for disarmament during the early stages of the DDR programme. The number of individuals reporting for disarmament may drop in the middle of the process, but it is prudent to plan for a rush towards the end. Late arrivals may report for disarmament because of improved confidence in the peace process or because some combatants and weapons have been held back until the final stages of disarmament as a self- protection measure.The minimum possible time should be taken to safely process combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through the disarmament and demobilization phases, and then back into the community. This swiftness is necessary to avoid a loss of momentum and to prevent former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups from settling in temporary camps away from their communities.Depending on the context, individuals may leave armed groups and engage in spontaneous disarmament outside of official DDR programme and disarmament operations (see section 6.3). In such situations, DDR practitioners should ensure adherence to this disarmament standard as much as possible. To facilitate this spontaneous disarmament process, procedures and timelines should be clearly communicated to authorities, members of armed groups and the wider community.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":733, "Sentence":"Timelines for the implementation of the disarmament component of a DDR programme should be developed by taking the following factors into account: \\n The provisions of the peace agreement or the ceasefire agreement; \\n The availability of accurate information about demographics, including sex and age, as well as the size of the armed forces and groups to be disarmed; \\n The location of the armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 units and the number, type and location of their weapons; \\n The nature, processing capacity and location of mobile and static disarmament sites; \\n The time it takes to process each ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (this could be anywhere from 15 to 20 minutes per person).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament timeline implementation disarmament component ddr programme developed taking following factor account n provision peace agreement ceasefire agreement n availability accurate information demographic including sex age well size armed force group disarmed n location armed force \u2019 group \u2019 unit number type location weapon n nature processing capacity location mobile static disarmament site n time take process excombatant person formerly associated armed force group could anywhere 15 20 minute per person ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.8 Timelines for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Timelines for the implementation of the disarmament component of a DDR programme should be developed by taking the following factors into account: \\n The provisions of the peace agreement or the ceasefire agreement; \\n The availability of accurate information about demographics, including sex and age, as well as the size of the armed forces and groups to be disarmed; \\n The location of the armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 units and the number, type and location of their weapons; \\n The nature, processing capacity and location of mobile and static disarmament sites; \\n The time it takes to process each ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (this could be anywhere from 15 to 20 minutes per person). The simulation exercise will help to determine how long individual weapons collection and accounting will take.Depending on the nature of the conflict and other political and social conditions, a well- planned and well-implemented disarmament component may see large numbers of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups arriving for disarmament during the early stages of the DDR programme. The number of individuals reporting for disarmament may drop in the middle of the process, but it is prudent to plan for a rush towards the end. Late arrivals may report for disarmament because of improved confidence in the peace process or because some combatants and weapons have been held back until the final stages of disarmament as a self- protection measure.The minimum possible time should be taken to safely process combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through the disarmament and demobilization phases, and then back into the community. This swiftness is necessary to avoid a loss of momentum and to prevent former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups from settling in temporary camps away from their communities.Depending on the context, individuals may leave armed groups and engage in spontaneous disarmament outside of official DDR programme and disarmament operations (see section 6.3). In such situations, DDR practitioners should ensure adherence to this disarmament standard as much as possible. To facilitate this spontaneous disarmament process, procedures and timelines should be clearly communicated to authorities, members of armed groups and the wider community.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":733, "Sentence":"The simulation exercise will help to determine how long individual weapons collection and accounting will take.Depending on the nature of the conflict and other political and social conditions, a well- planned and well-implemented disarmament component may see large numbers of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups arriving for disarmament during the early stages of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament simulation exercise help determine long individual weapon collection accounting take.depending nature conflict political social condition well planned wellimplemented disarmament component may see large number combatant person associated armed force group arriving disarmament early stage ddr programme ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.8 Timelines for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Timelines for the implementation of the disarmament component of a DDR programme should be developed by taking the following factors into account: \\n The provisions of the peace agreement or the ceasefire agreement; \\n The availability of accurate information about demographics, including sex and age, as well as the size of the armed forces and groups to be disarmed; \\n The location of the armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 units and the number, type and location of their weapons; \\n The nature, processing capacity and location of mobile and static disarmament sites; \\n The time it takes to process each ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (this could be anywhere from 15 to 20 minutes per person). The simulation exercise will help to determine how long individual weapons collection and accounting will take.Depending on the nature of the conflict and other political and social conditions, a well- planned and well-implemented disarmament component may see large numbers of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups arriving for disarmament during the early stages of the DDR programme. The number of individuals reporting for disarmament may drop in the middle of the process, but it is prudent to plan for a rush towards the end. Late arrivals may report for disarmament because of improved confidence in the peace process or because some combatants and weapons have been held back until the final stages of disarmament as a self- protection measure.The minimum possible time should be taken to safely process combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through the disarmament and demobilization phases, and then back into the community. This swiftness is necessary to avoid a loss of momentum and to prevent former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups from settling in temporary camps away from their communities.Depending on the context, individuals may leave armed groups and engage in spontaneous disarmament outside of official DDR programme and disarmament operations (see section 6.3). In such situations, DDR practitioners should ensure adherence to this disarmament standard as much as possible. To facilitate this spontaneous disarmament process, procedures and timelines should be clearly communicated to authorities, members of armed groups and the wider community.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":733, "Sentence":"The number of individuals reporting for disarmament may drop in the middle of the process, but it is prudent to plan for a rush towards the end.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament number individual reporting disarmament may drop middle process prudent plan rush towards end ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.8 Timelines for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Timelines for the implementation of the disarmament component of a DDR programme should be developed by taking the following factors into account: \\n The provisions of the peace agreement or the ceasefire agreement; \\n The availability of accurate information about demographics, including sex and age, as well as the size of the armed forces and groups to be disarmed; \\n The location of the armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 units and the number, type and location of their weapons; \\n The nature, processing capacity and location of mobile and static disarmament sites; \\n The time it takes to process each ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (this could be anywhere from 15 to 20 minutes per person). The simulation exercise will help to determine how long individual weapons collection and accounting will take.Depending on the nature of the conflict and other political and social conditions, a well- planned and well-implemented disarmament component may see large numbers of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups arriving for disarmament during the early stages of the DDR programme. The number of individuals reporting for disarmament may drop in the middle of the process, but it is prudent to plan for a rush towards the end. Late arrivals may report for disarmament because of improved confidence in the peace process or because some combatants and weapons have been held back until the final stages of disarmament as a self- protection measure.The minimum possible time should be taken to safely process combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through the disarmament and demobilization phases, and then back into the community. This swiftness is necessary to avoid a loss of momentum and to prevent former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups from settling in temporary camps away from their communities.Depending on the context, individuals may leave armed groups and engage in spontaneous disarmament outside of official DDR programme and disarmament operations (see section 6.3). In such situations, DDR practitioners should ensure adherence to this disarmament standard as much as possible. To facilitate this spontaneous disarmament process, procedures and timelines should be clearly communicated to authorities, members of armed groups and the wider community.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":733, "Sentence":"Late arrivals may report for disarmament because of improved confidence in the peace process or because some combatants and weapons have been held back until the final stages of disarmament as a self- protection measure.The minimum possible time should be taken to safely process combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through the disarmament and demobilization phases, and then back into the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament late arrival may report disarmament improved confidence peace process combatant weapon held back final stage disarmament self protection measure.the minimum possible time taken safely process combatant person associated armed force group disarmament demobilization phase back community ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.8 Timelines for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Timelines for the implementation of the disarmament component of a DDR programme should be developed by taking the following factors into account: \\n The provisions of the peace agreement or the ceasefire agreement; \\n The availability of accurate information about demographics, including sex and age, as well as the size of the armed forces and groups to be disarmed; \\n The location of the armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 units and the number, type and location of their weapons; \\n The nature, processing capacity and location of mobile and static disarmament sites; \\n The time it takes to process each ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (this could be anywhere from 15 to 20 minutes per person). The simulation exercise will help to determine how long individual weapons collection and accounting will take.Depending on the nature of the conflict and other political and social conditions, a well- planned and well-implemented disarmament component may see large numbers of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups arriving for disarmament during the early stages of the DDR programme. The number of individuals reporting for disarmament may drop in the middle of the process, but it is prudent to plan for a rush towards the end. Late arrivals may report for disarmament because of improved confidence in the peace process or because some combatants and weapons have been held back until the final stages of disarmament as a self- protection measure.The minimum possible time should be taken to safely process combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through the disarmament and demobilization phases, and then back into the community. This swiftness is necessary to avoid a loss of momentum and to prevent former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups from settling in temporary camps away from their communities.Depending on the context, individuals may leave armed groups and engage in spontaneous disarmament outside of official DDR programme and disarmament operations (see section 6.3). In such situations, DDR practitioners should ensure adherence to this disarmament standard as much as possible. To facilitate this spontaneous disarmament process, procedures and timelines should be clearly communicated to authorities, members of armed groups and the wider community.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":733, "Sentence":"This swiftness is necessary to avoid a loss of momentum and to prevent former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups from settling in temporary camps away from their communities.Depending on the context, individuals may leave armed groups and engage in spontaneous disarmament outside of official DDR programme and disarmament operations (see section 6.3).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament swiftness necessary avoid loss momentum prevent former combatant person formerly associated armed force group settling temporary camp away communities.depending context individual may leave armed group engage spontaneous disarmament outside official ddr programme disarmament operation see section 6.3 ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.8 Timelines for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Timelines for the implementation of the disarmament component of a DDR programme should be developed by taking the following factors into account: \\n The provisions of the peace agreement or the ceasefire agreement; \\n The availability of accurate information about demographics, including sex and age, as well as the size of the armed forces and groups to be disarmed; \\n The location of the armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 units and the number, type and location of their weapons; \\n The nature, processing capacity and location of mobile and static disarmament sites; \\n The time it takes to process each ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (this could be anywhere from 15 to 20 minutes per person). The simulation exercise will help to determine how long individual weapons collection and accounting will take.Depending on the nature of the conflict and other political and social conditions, a well- planned and well-implemented disarmament component may see large numbers of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups arriving for disarmament during the early stages of the DDR programme. The number of individuals reporting for disarmament may drop in the middle of the process, but it is prudent to plan for a rush towards the end. Late arrivals may report for disarmament because of improved confidence in the peace process or because some combatants and weapons have been held back until the final stages of disarmament as a self- protection measure.The minimum possible time should be taken to safely process combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through the disarmament and demobilization phases, and then back into the community. This swiftness is necessary to avoid a loss of momentum and to prevent former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups from settling in temporary camps away from their communities.Depending on the context, individuals may leave armed groups and engage in spontaneous disarmament outside of official DDR programme and disarmament operations (see section 6.3). In such situations, DDR practitioners should ensure adherence to this disarmament standard as much as possible. To facilitate this spontaneous disarmament process, procedures and timelines should be clearly communicated to authorities, members of armed groups and the wider community.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":733, "Sentence":"In such situations, DDR practitioners should ensure adherence to this disarmament standard as much as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament situation ddr practitioner ensure adherence disarmament standard much possible ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"5. Developing an M&E strategy and framework for DDR", "Heading2":"5.8 Timelines for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Timelines for the implementation of the disarmament component of a DDR programme should be developed by taking the following factors into account: \\n The provisions of the peace agreement or the ceasefire agreement; \\n The availability of accurate information about demographics, including sex and age, as well as the size of the armed forces and groups to be disarmed; \\n The location of the armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 units and the number, type and location of their weapons; \\n The nature, processing capacity and location of mobile and static disarmament sites; \\n The time it takes to process each ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (this could be anywhere from 15 to 20 minutes per person). The simulation exercise will help to determine how long individual weapons collection and accounting will take.Depending on the nature of the conflict and other political and social conditions, a well- planned and well-implemented disarmament component may see large numbers of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups arriving for disarmament during the early stages of the DDR programme. The number of individuals reporting for disarmament may drop in the middle of the process, but it is prudent to plan for a rush towards the end. Late arrivals may report for disarmament because of improved confidence in the peace process or because some combatants and weapons have been held back until the final stages of disarmament as a self- protection measure.The minimum possible time should be taken to safely process combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups through the disarmament and demobilization phases, and then back into the community. This swiftness is necessary to avoid a loss of momentum and to prevent former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups from settling in temporary camps away from their communities.Depending on the context, individuals may leave armed groups and engage in spontaneous disarmament outside of official DDR programme and disarmament operations (see section 6.3). In such situations, DDR practitioners should ensure adherence to this disarmament standard as much as possible. To facilitate this spontaneous disarmament process, procedures and timelines should be clearly communicated to authorities, members of armed groups and the wider community.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":733, "Sentence":"To facilitate this spontaneous disarmament process, procedures and timelines should be clearly communicated to authorities, members of armed groups and the wider community.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament facilitate spontaneous disarmament process procedure timeline clearly communicated authority member armed group wider community ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The planning of disarmament operations should be initiated at the peace negotiations stage when the appropriate modus operandi for disarming combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups will be set out. The UN should support the national authorities in identifying the best disarmament approach. Mobile and static approaches have been developed to fit different contexts and constraints, and can be combined to form a multi-strand approach. Depending on the national strategy and the sequencing of DDR phases, the disarmament component may be intrinsically linked to demobilization, and sites for both activities could be combined (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).The selection of the approach, or combination of approaches, to take should be based on the following: \\n Findings from the integrated assessment and weapons survey, including a review of previous approaches to disarmament (see section 5.1); \\n Discussions and strategic planning by the national authorities; \\n Exchanges with leaders of armed forces and groups; \\n The security and risk assessment; \\n Gender analysis; \\n Financial resources.Notwithstanding the selection of the specific disarmament approach, all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups should be informed of: \\n The time and date to report, and the location to which to report; \\n Appropriate weapons and ammunition safety measures; \\n The activities involved and steps they will be asked to follow; \\n The level of UN or military security to expect on arrival.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":734, "Sentence":"The planning of disarmament operations should be initiated at the peace negotiations stage when the appropriate modus operandi for disarming combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups will be set out.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament planning disarmament operation initiated peace negotiation stage appropriate modus operandi disarming combatant person associated armed force group set ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The planning of disarmament operations should be initiated at the peace negotiations stage when the appropriate modus operandi for disarming combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups will be set out. The UN should support the national authorities in identifying the best disarmament approach. Mobile and static approaches have been developed to fit different contexts and constraints, and can be combined to form a multi-strand approach. Depending on the national strategy and the sequencing of DDR phases, the disarmament component may be intrinsically linked to demobilization, and sites for both activities could be combined (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).The selection of the approach, or combination of approaches, to take should be based on the following: \\n Findings from the integrated assessment and weapons survey, including a review of previous approaches to disarmament (see section 5.1); \\n Discussions and strategic planning by the national authorities; \\n Exchanges with leaders of armed forces and groups; \\n The security and risk assessment; \\n Gender analysis; \\n Financial resources.Notwithstanding the selection of the specific disarmament approach, all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups should be informed of: \\n The time and date to report, and the location to which to report; \\n Appropriate weapons and ammunition safety measures; \\n The activities involved and steps they will be asked to follow; \\n The level of UN or military security to expect on arrival.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":734, "Sentence":"The UN should support the national authorities in identifying the best disarmament approach.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament un support national authority identifying best disarmament approach ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The planning of disarmament operations should be initiated at the peace negotiations stage when the appropriate modus operandi for disarming combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups will be set out. The UN should support the national authorities in identifying the best disarmament approach. Mobile and static approaches have been developed to fit different contexts and constraints, and can be combined to form a multi-strand approach. Depending on the national strategy and the sequencing of DDR phases, the disarmament component may be intrinsically linked to demobilization, and sites for both activities could be combined (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).The selection of the approach, or combination of approaches, to take should be based on the following: \\n Findings from the integrated assessment and weapons survey, including a review of previous approaches to disarmament (see section 5.1); \\n Discussions and strategic planning by the national authorities; \\n Exchanges with leaders of armed forces and groups; \\n The security and risk assessment; \\n Gender analysis; \\n Financial resources.Notwithstanding the selection of the specific disarmament approach, all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups should be informed of: \\n The time and date to report, and the location to which to report; \\n Appropriate weapons and ammunition safety measures; \\n The activities involved and steps they will be asked to follow; \\n The level of UN or military security to expect on arrival.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":734, "Sentence":"Mobile and static approaches have been developed to fit different contexts and constraints, and can be combined to form a multi-strand approach.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament mobile static approach developed fit different context constraint combined form multistrand approach ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The planning of disarmament operations should be initiated at the peace negotiations stage when the appropriate modus operandi for disarming combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups will be set out. The UN should support the national authorities in identifying the best disarmament approach. Mobile and static approaches have been developed to fit different contexts and constraints, and can be combined to form a multi-strand approach. Depending on the national strategy and the sequencing of DDR phases, the disarmament component may be intrinsically linked to demobilization, and sites for both activities could be combined (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).The selection of the approach, or combination of approaches, to take should be based on the following: \\n Findings from the integrated assessment and weapons survey, including a review of previous approaches to disarmament (see section 5.1); \\n Discussions and strategic planning by the national authorities; \\n Exchanges with leaders of armed forces and groups; \\n The security and risk assessment; \\n Gender analysis; \\n Financial resources.Notwithstanding the selection of the specific disarmament approach, all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups should be informed of: \\n The time and date to report, and the location to which to report; \\n Appropriate weapons and ammunition safety measures; \\n The activities involved and steps they will be asked to follow; \\n The level of UN or military security to expect on arrival.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":734, "Sentence":"Depending on the national strategy and the sequencing of DDR phases, the disarmament component may be intrinsically linked to demobilization, and sites for both activities could be combined (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).The selection of the approach, or combination of approaches, to take should be based on the following: \\n Findings from the integrated assessment and weapons survey, including a review of previous approaches to disarmament (see section 5.1); \\n Discussions and strategic planning by the national authorities; \\n Exchanges with leaders of armed forces and groups; \\n The security and risk assessment; \\n Gender analysis; \\n Financial resources.Notwithstanding the selection of the specific disarmament approach, all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups should be informed of: \\n The time and date to report, and the location to which to report; \\n Appropriate weapons and ammunition safety measures; \\n The activities involved and steps they will be asked to follow; \\n The level of UN or military security to expect on arrival.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament depending national strategy sequencing ddr phase disarmament component may intrinsically linked demobilization site activity could combined see iddrs 4.20 demobilization.the selection approach combination approach take based following n finding integrated assessment weapon survey including review previous approach disarmament see section 5.1 n discussion strategic planning national authority n exchange leader armed force group n security risk assessment n gender analysis n financial resources.notwithstanding selection specific disarmament approach combatant person associated armed force group informed n time date report location report n appropriate weapon ammunition safety measure n activity involved step asked follow n level un military security expect arrival ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Static or site-based (cantonment) disarmament uses specifically designed disarmament sites to carry out the disarmament operation. These require detailed planning and considerable organization and rely on the coordination of a range of implementing partners. The establishment and management of disarmament sites should be specifically included in the peace agreement to ensure that former warring factions agree and are aware that they have a responsibility under the peace agreement to proceed to such sites. Depending on the disarmament plan, geographic and security constraints, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups can move directly to disarmament sites, or their transportation can be organized through pick-up points.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":735, "Sentence":"Static or site-based (cantonment) disarmament uses specifically designed disarmament sites to carry out the disarmament operation.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament static sitebased cantonment disarmament us specifically designed disarmament site carry disarmament operation ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Static or site-based (cantonment) disarmament uses specifically designed disarmament sites to carry out the disarmament operation. These require detailed planning and considerable organization and rely on the coordination of a range of implementing partners. The establishment and management of disarmament sites should be specifically included in the peace agreement to ensure that former warring factions agree and are aware that they have a responsibility under the peace agreement to proceed to such sites. Depending on the disarmament plan, geographic and security constraints, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups can move directly to disarmament sites, or their transportation can be organized through pick-up points.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":735, "Sentence":"These require detailed planning and considerable organization and rely on the coordination of a range of implementing partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament require detailed planning considerable organization rely coordination range implementing partner ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Static or site-based (cantonment) disarmament uses specifically designed disarmament sites to carry out the disarmament operation. These require detailed planning and considerable organization and rely on the coordination of a range of implementing partners. The establishment and management of disarmament sites should be specifically included in the peace agreement to ensure that former warring factions agree and are aware that they have a responsibility under the peace agreement to proceed to such sites. Depending on the disarmament plan, geographic and security constraints, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups can move directly to disarmament sites, or their transportation can be organized through pick-up points.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":735, "Sentence":"The establishment and management of disarmament sites should be specifically included in the peace agreement to ensure that former warring factions agree and are aware that they have a responsibility under the peace agreement to proceed to such sites.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament establishment management disarmament site specifically included peace agreement ensure former warring faction agree aware responsibility peace agreement proceed site ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Static or site-based (cantonment) disarmament uses specifically designed disarmament sites to carry out the disarmament operation. These require detailed planning and considerable organization and rely on the coordination of a range of implementing partners. The establishment and management of disarmament sites should be specifically included in the peace agreement to ensure that former warring factions agree and are aware that they have a responsibility under the peace agreement to proceed to such sites. Depending on the disarmament plan, geographic and security constraints, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups can move directly to disarmament sites, or their transportation can be organized through pick-up points.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":735, "Sentence":"Depending on the disarmament plan, geographic and security constraints, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups can move directly to disarmament sites, or their transportation can be organized through pick-up points.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament depending disarmament plan geographic security constraint combatant person associated armed force group move directly disarmament site transportation organized pickup point ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament role pickup point pup concentrate combatant person associated armed force group safe location prior controlled supervised move designated disarmament site ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament administrative safety process begin pup ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament similarity procedure pup carried mobile disarmament operation two process different confused ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament member armed force group report pup moved disarmament site enter mobile disarmament route directed make way demobilization.pups location agreed advance leader armed force group un mission military component ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament selected convenience security accessibility party ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament time date place condition entering disarmament process negotiated commander national ddr commission ddr component mission setting un lead agencyies nonmission settings.combatants often need moved rural location since many armed force group adequate transport pup situated close position ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament pup shall located near civilian area village town city ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament special measure considered child associated armed force group arriving pup see iddrs 5.20 child ddr ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament genderresponsive provision shall also planned provide guidance process female combatant waafg including ddr\/un military staff composed mix gender separation men woman screening clothing\/baggage search pup adequate medical support particularly case pregnant lactating woman see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr.disarmament operation also include combatant person associated armed force group disability and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded may able access pup ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament person may also qualify disarmament requiring special transportation assistance specialist medical staff psychologist see iddrs 5.70 health ddr iddrs 5.80 disability ddr.once combatant person associated armed force group arrived designated pup met male female un representative including military child protection staff shall arrange transportation disarmament site ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament first meeting armed individual un staff shall considered highrisk situation member armed force group shall considered potentially dangerous disarmed.at pup combatant person associated armed force group may either completely disarmed may keep weapon movement disarmament site ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament latter case surrender ammunition ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament issue weapon surrender pup either requirement peace agreement usually matter negotiation leadership armed force group national authority un.the following activity occur pup n member disarmament team meet combatant person associated armed force group outside pup clearly marked waiting area personnel deliver pup briefing explaining happen site ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"\\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n qualified personnel check weapon clear ammunition made safe ensuring magazine removed combatant person associated armed force group screened identify carrying ammunition explosive ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament individual immediately moved ammunition area disarmament site ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"\\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n qualified personnel conduct clothing baggage search combatant person associated armed force group men woman searched separately sex ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"\\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n combatant person associated armed force group eligible weapon safe ammunition pas screening area transport area moving disarmament site ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament un shall responsible ensuring protection physical security combatant person associated armed force group movement pup ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament nonmission setting national security force joint commission team would responsible abovementioned task technical support relevant un agency y multilateral bilateral partners.those individual meet eligibility criterion entry ddr programme leave pup disarmed needed transported away pup ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament individual defective weapon hand depending eligibility criterion may allowed enter ddr programme ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament individual given receipt show full detail ineligible weapon handed ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament receipt may used appeal process later date ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Static disarmament ", "Heading4":"6.1.1.1 Pick-up points", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The role of pick-up points (PUPs) is to concentrate combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in a safe location, prior to a controlled and supervised move to designated disarmament sites. Administrative and safety processes begin at the PUP. There are similarities between procedures at the PUP and those carried out during mobile disarmament operations, but the two processes are different and should not be confused. Members of armed forces and groups that report to a PUP will then be moved to a disarmament site, while those who enter through the mobile disarmament route will be directed to make their way to demobilization.PUPs are locations agreed to in advance by the leaders of armed forces and groups and the UN mission military component. They are selected because of their convenience, security and accessibility for all parties. The time, date, place and conditions for entering the disarmament process should be negotiated by commanders, the National DDR Commission and the DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.Combatants often need to be moved from rural locations, and since many armed forces and groups will not have adequate transport, PUPs should be situated close to their positions. PUPs shall not be located in or near civilian areas such as villages, towns or cities. Special measures should be considered for children associated with armed forces and groups arriving at PUPs (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Gender-responsive provisions shall also be planned to provide guidance on how to process female combatants and WAAFG, including DDR\/UN military staff composed of a mix of genders, separation of men and women during screening and clothing\/baggage searches at PUPs, and adequate medical support particularly in the case of pregnant and lactating women (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Disarmament operations should also include combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities and\/or chronically ill and\/or wounded who may not be able to access the PUPs. These persons may also qualify for disarmament, while requiring special transportation and assistance by specialists, such as medical staff and psychologists (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disabilities and DDR).Once combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have arrived at the designated PUP, they will be met by male and female UN representatives, including military and child protection staff, who shall arrange their transportation to the disarmament site. This first meeting between armed individuals and UN staff shall be considered a high-risk situation, and all members of armed forces and groups shall be considered potentially dangerous until disarmed.At the PUP, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may either be completely disarmed or may keep their weapons during movement to the disarmament site. In the latter case, they should surrender their ammunition. The issue of weapons surrender at the PUP will either be a requirement of the peace agreement, or, more usually, a matter of negotiation between the leadership of armed forces and groups, the national authorities and the UN.The following activities should occur at the PUP: \\n Members of the disarmament team meet combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups outside the PUP at clearly marked waiting areas; personnel deliver a PUP briefing, explaining what will happen at the sites. \\n Qualified personnel check that weapons are clear of ammunition and made safe, ensuring that magazines are removed; combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are screened to identify those carrying ammunition and explosives. These individuals should be immediately moved to the ammunition area in the disarmament site. \\n Qualified personnel conduct a clothing and baggage search of all combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups; men and women should be searched separately by those of the same sex. \\n Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups with eligible weapons and safe ammunition pass through the screening area to the transport area, before moving to the disarmament site. The UN shall be responsible for ensuring the protection and physical security of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups during their movement from the PUP. In non-mission settings, the national security forces, joint commissions or teams would be responsible for the above-mentioned tasks with technical support from relevant UN agency (ies), multilateral and bilateral partners.Those individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria for entry into the DDR programme should leave the PUP after being disarmed and, where needed, transported away from the PUP. Individuals with defective weapons should hand these over, but, depending on the eligibility criteria, may not be allowed to enter the DDR programme. These individuals should be given a receipt that shows full details of the ineligible weapon handed over. This receipt may be used if there is an appeal process at a later date. People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":736, "Sentence":"People who do not meet the eligibility criteria for the DDR programme should be told why and orientated towards different programmes, if available, including CVR.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament people meet eligibility criterion ddr programme told orientated towards different programme available including cvr ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Mobile disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"In certain circumstances, the establishment of a fixed disarmament site may be inappropriate. In such cases, one option is the use of mobile disarmament, which usually consists of a group of modified road vehicles and has the advantage of decreased logistical outlay, increased flexibility, reduced cost, and rapid deployment and assembly.A mobile approach permits a more rapid response than site-based disarmament and can be used when weapons are concentrated in a specific geographical area, when moving collected arms, or when assembling scattered members of armed forces and groups would be difficult or trigger insecurity. This approach allows for more flexibility and for the limited movement of armed combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who remain in their communities. Mobile disarmament may also be more accessible to women, children, disabled and other specific-needs groups. While mobile disarmament ensures the limited movement of unsafe ammunition, a sound mobile WAM and EOD capacity is required to collect and destroy items on site and to transport arms and ammunition to storage facilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":737, "Sentence":"In certain circumstances, the establishment of a fixed disarmament site may be inappropriate.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament certain circumstance establishment fixed disarmament site may inappropriate ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Mobile disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"In certain circumstances, the establishment of a fixed disarmament site may be inappropriate. In such cases, one option is the use of mobile disarmament, which usually consists of a group of modified road vehicles and has the advantage of decreased logistical outlay, increased flexibility, reduced cost, and rapid deployment and assembly.A mobile approach permits a more rapid response than site-based disarmament and can be used when weapons are concentrated in a specific geographical area, when moving collected arms, or when assembling scattered members of armed forces and groups would be difficult or trigger insecurity. This approach allows for more flexibility and for the limited movement of armed combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who remain in their communities. Mobile disarmament may also be more accessible to women, children, disabled and other specific-needs groups. While mobile disarmament ensures the limited movement of unsafe ammunition, a sound mobile WAM and EOD capacity is required to collect and destroy items on site and to transport arms and ammunition to storage facilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":737, "Sentence":"In such cases, one option is the use of mobile disarmament, which usually consists of a group of modified road vehicles and has the advantage of decreased logistical outlay, increased flexibility, reduced cost, and rapid deployment and assembly.A mobile approach permits a more rapid response than site-based disarmament and can be used when weapons are concentrated in a specific geographical area, when moving collected arms, or when assembling scattered members of armed forces and groups would be difficult or trigger insecurity.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament case one option use mobile disarmament usually consists group modified road vehicle advantage decreased logistical outlay increased flexibility reduced cost rapid deployment assembly.a mobile approach permit rapid response sitebased disarmament used weapon concentrated specific geographical area moving collected arm assembling scattered member armed force group would difficult trigger insecurity ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Mobile disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"In certain circumstances, the establishment of a fixed disarmament site may be inappropriate. In such cases, one option is the use of mobile disarmament, which usually consists of a group of modified road vehicles and has the advantage of decreased logistical outlay, increased flexibility, reduced cost, and rapid deployment and assembly.A mobile approach permits a more rapid response than site-based disarmament and can be used when weapons are concentrated in a specific geographical area, when moving collected arms, or when assembling scattered members of armed forces and groups would be difficult or trigger insecurity. This approach allows for more flexibility and for the limited movement of armed combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who remain in their communities. Mobile disarmament may also be more accessible to women, children, disabled and other specific-needs groups. While mobile disarmament ensures the limited movement of unsafe ammunition, a sound mobile WAM and EOD capacity is required to collect and destroy items on site and to transport arms and ammunition to storage facilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":737, "Sentence":"This approach allows for more flexibility and for the limited movement of armed combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who remain in their communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament approach allows flexibility limited movement armed combatant person associated armed force group remain community ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Mobile disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"In certain circumstances, the establishment of a fixed disarmament site may be inappropriate. In such cases, one option is the use of mobile disarmament, which usually consists of a group of modified road vehicles and has the advantage of decreased logistical outlay, increased flexibility, reduced cost, and rapid deployment and assembly.A mobile approach permits a more rapid response than site-based disarmament and can be used when weapons are concentrated in a specific geographical area, when moving collected arms, or when assembling scattered members of armed forces and groups would be difficult or trigger insecurity. This approach allows for more flexibility and for the limited movement of armed combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who remain in their communities. Mobile disarmament may also be more accessible to women, children, disabled and other specific-needs groups. While mobile disarmament ensures the limited movement of unsafe ammunition, a sound mobile WAM and EOD capacity is required to collect and destroy items on site and to transport arms and ammunition to storage facilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":737, "Sentence":"Mobile disarmament may also be more accessible to women, children, disabled and other specific-needs groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament mobile disarmament may also accessible woman child disabled specificneeds group ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.1 Disarmament locations", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Mobile disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"In certain circumstances, the establishment of a fixed disarmament site may be inappropriate. In such cases, one option is the use of mobile disarmament, which usually consists of a group of modified road vehicles and has the advantage of decreased logistical outlay, increased flexibility, reduced cost, and rapid deployment and assembly.A mobile approach permits a more rapid response than site-based disarmament and can be used when weapons are concentrated in a specific geographical area, when moving collected arms, or when assembling scattered members of armed forces and groups would be difficult or trigger insecurity. This approach allows for more flexibility and for the limited movement of armed combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who remain in their communities. Mobile disarmament may also be more accessible to women, children, disabled and other specific-needs groups. While mobile disarmament ensures the limited movement of unsafe ammunition, a sound mobile WAM and EOD capacity is required to collect and destroy items on site and to transport arms and ammunition to storage facilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":737, "Sentence":"While mobile disarmament ensures the limited movement of unsafe ammunition, a sound mobile WAM and EOD capacity is required to collect and destroy items on site and to transport arms and ammunition to storage facilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament mobile disarmament ensures limited movement unsafe ammunition sound mobile wam eod capacity required collect destroy item site transport arm ammunition storage facility ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament disarmament sop state stepbystep procedure receiving weapon ammunition including identifying responsibility step genderresponsive provision required ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament sop also include diagram disarmament site either mobile static ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament combatant person associated armed force group processed one one ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament procedure adapted context generally follows.before entering disarmament site perimeter n individual identified his\/her commander physically checked designated security official ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament special measure required child see iddrs 5.20 child ddr ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament men woman checked sex requires male female officer among un military\/ddr staff mission setting national security\/ddr staff nonmission setting ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"\\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n individual carrying ammunition explosive might present threat she\/he asked leave outside handover area location identified wam\/eod specialist handled separately ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"\\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n individual asked move weapon pointing towards ground catch safety position relevant her\/his finger trigger.after entering perimeter n individual directed unloading bay she\/he proceed clearing his\/her weapon instruction supervision milob representative un military component mission setting designated security official nonmission setting ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament individual 18 year old child protection staff shall present throughout process ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"\\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n weapon cleared handed milob representative military component mission setting designated security official nonmission setting proceed verification ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"\\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n individual also possession ammunition small arm machine gun she\/he asked place separate preidentified location away weapon ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"\\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n materiel handed recorded ddr practitioner guidance weapon ammunition identification specialist un agency personnel arm specialist along information individual concerned ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"\\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n individual provided receipt prof she\/he handed weapon and\/or ammunition ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament receipt indicates name individual date location type status serviceable serial number weapon ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"\\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n weapon tagged code facilitate storage management recordkeeping throughout disarmament process disposal see section 7.1 ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"\\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n weapon ammunition stored separately organized transportation instruction guidance wam adviser see section 7.2 ddr wam handbook unit 11 ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ammunition presenting immediate risk deemed unfit transport destroyed situ qualified eod specialists.box 6 processing heavy weapon ammunition n increasing number armed group area conflict across world use light heavy weapon including heavy artillery armoured fighting vehicle ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament dealing heavy weapon present logistical political challenge ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament certain setting heavy weapon could included eligibility criterion ddr programme ratio arm combatant could determined based number crew required operate specific weapon system ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament however small arm light weapon generally seen individual asset heavy weapon often considered group asset thus may surrendered disarmament operation focus individual combatant person associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"\\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n ensure comprehensive disarmament avoid exploitation loophole peace negotiation national ddr programme determine procedure related arsenal armed group including heavy weapon and\/or cache materiel ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament processing heavy weapon ammunition requires high level technical knowledge ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament heavyweapons system complex require specialist expertise ensure system made safe unloaded item ammunition safely separated platform ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament conducting thorough weapon survey planning vital ensure correct expertise made available ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament un ddr component mission setting un lead agencyies nonmission setting provide advice regard collection storage disposal heavy weapon support development related sop ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament procedure regarding heavy weapon clearly communicated armed force group prior disarmament operation avoid unorganized unscheduled movement heavy weapon might foment tension among population ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.2 Procedures for disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A disarmament SOP should state the step-by-step procedures for receiving weapons and ammunition, including identifying who has responsibility for each step and the gender-responsive provisions required. The SOP should also include a diagram of the disarmament site(s) (either mobile or static). Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are processed one by one. Procedures, to be adapted to the context, are generally as follows.Before entering the disarmament site perimeter: \\n The individual is identified by his\/her commander and physically checked by the designated security officials. Special measures will be required for children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Men and women will be checked by those of the same sex, which requires having both male and female officers among UN military\/DDR staff in mission settings and national security\/DDR staff in non-mission settings. \\n If the individual is carrying ammunition or explosives that might present a threat, she\/he will be asked to leave it outside the handover area, in a location identified by a WAM\/EOD specialist, to be handled separately. \\n The individual is asked to move with the weapon pointing towards the ground, the catch in safety position (if relevant) and her\/his finger off the trigger.After entering the perimeter: \\n The individual is directed to the unloading bay, where she\/he will proceed with the clearing of his\/her weapon under the instruction and supervision of a MILOB or representative of the UN military component in mission settings or designated security official in a non-mission setting. If the individual is under 18 years old, child protection staff shall be present throughout the process. \\n Once the weapon has been cleared, it is handed over to a MILOB or representative of the military component in a mission setting or designated security official in a non-mission setting who will proceed with verification. \\n If the individual is also in possession of ammunition for small arms or machine guns, she\/he will be asked to place it in a separate pre-identified location, away from the weapons. \\n The materiel handed in is recorded by a DDR practitioner with guidance on weapons and ammunition identification from specialist UN agency personnel or other arms specialists along with information on the individual concerned. \\n The individual is provided with a receipt that proves she\/he has handed in a weapon and\/or ammunition. The receipt indicates the name of the individual, the date and location, the type, the status (serviceable or not) and the serial number of the weapon. \\n Weapons are tagged with a code to facilitate storage, management and recordkeeping throughout the disarmament process until disposal (see section 7.1). \\n Weapons and ammunition are stored separately or organized for transportation under the instructions and guidance of a WAM adviser (see section 7.2 and DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11). Ammunition presenting an immediate risk, or deemed unfit for transport, should be destroyed in situ by qualified EOD specialists.BOX 6: PROCESSING HEAVY WEAPONS AND THEIR AMMUNITION \\n An increasing number of armed groups in areas of conflict across the world use light and heavy weapons, including heavy artillery or armoured fighting vehicles. Dealing with heavy weapons presents both logistical and political challenges. In certain settings, heavy weapons could be included in the eligibility criteria for a DDR programme, and the ratio of arms to combatants could be determined based on the number of crew required to operate each specific weapons system. However, while small arms and most light weapons are generally seen as an individual asset, heavy weapons are often considered a group asset, and thus may not be surrendered during disarmament operations that focus on individual combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. \\n To ensure comprehensive disarmament and avoid the exploitation of loopholes, peace negotiations and the national DDR programme should determine the procedures related to the arsenals of armed groups, including heavy weapons and\/or caches of materiel. Processing heavy weapons and their ammunition requires a high level of technical knowledge. Heavy-weapons systems can be complex and require specialist expertise to ensure that systems are made safe, unloaded and all items of ammunition are safely separated from the platform. Conducting a thorough weapons survey and planning is vital to ensure the correct expertise is made available. The UN DDR component in mission settings or UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings should provide advice with regards to the collection, storage and disposal of heavy weapons, and support the development of any related SOPs. Procedures regarding heavy weapons should be clearly communicated to armed forces and groups prior to any disarmament operations to avoid unorganized and unscheduled movements of heavy weapons that might foment further tensions among the population. Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":738, "Sentence":"Destruction of heavy weapons requires significant logistics (see section 8); it is therefore critical to ensure the physical security of these weapons in order to reduce the risk of diversion.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament destruction heavy weapon requires significant logistics see section 8 therefore critical ensure physical security weapon order reduce risk diversion ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.3 Spontaneous disarmament outside of official disarmament operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"In some contexts, in order to encourage individuals to leave armed groups when there is no DDR programme, a modus operandi for receiving combatants and persons associated with armed groups may be established. This may include the identification of a network of reception points, such as DDR offices or peacekeeping camps, or the deployment of mobile disarmament units. Procedures should be communicated to authorities, members of armed groups and the wider community on a regular basis to ensure all are informed and sensitized (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).In the case peacekeeping camps are designated as reception points, the DDR component \u2013 in coordination with the military component and the battalion commander \u2013 should identify specific focal points within the camp to deal with combatants and persons associated with armed groups. These focal points should be trained in how to handle and disarm new arrivals, including taking gender-sensitive approaches with women and age-sensitive approaches with children, and in how to register and store materiel until DDR practitioners take over. Unsafe items should be stored in a pre-identified or purpose-built area as advised by DDR WAM advisers until specialized UN agency personnel or force EOD specialists can assess the safety of the items and recommend appropriate action.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":739, "Sentence":"In some contexts, in order to encourage individuals to leave armed groups when there is no DDR programme, a modus operandi for receiving combatants and persons associated with armed groups may be established.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament context order encourage individual leave armed group ddr programme modus operandi receiving combatant person associated armed group may established ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.3 Spontaneous disarmament outside of official disarmament operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"In some contexts, in order to encourage individuals to leave armed groups when there is no DDR programme, a modus operandi for receiving combatants and persons associated with armed groups may be established. This may include the identification of a network of reception points, such as DDR offices or peacekeeping camps, or the deployment of mobile disarmament units. Procedures should be communicated to authorities, members of armed groups and the wider community on a regular basis to ensure all are informed and sensitized (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).In the case peacekeeping camps are designated as reception points, the DDR component \u2013 in coordination with the military component and the battalion commander \u2013 should identify specific focal points within the camp to deal with combatants and persons associated with armed groups. These focal points should be trained in how to handle and disarm new arrivals, including taking gender-sensitive approaches with women and age-sensitive approaches with children, and in how to register and store materiel until DDR practitioners take over. Unsafe items should be stored in a pre-identified or purpose-built area as advised by DDR WAM advisers until specialized UN agency personnel or force EOD specialists can assess the safety of the items and recommend appropriate action.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":739, "Sentence":"This may include the identification of a network of reception points, such as DDR offices or peacekeeping camps, or the deployment of mobile disarmament units.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament may include identification network reception point ddr office peacekeeping camp deployment mobile disarmament unit ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.3 Spontaneous disarmament outside of official disarmament operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"In some contexts, in order to encourage individuals to leave armed groups when there is no DDR programme, a modus operandi for receiving combatants and persons associated with armed groups may be established. This may include the identification of a network of reception points, such as DDR offices or peacekeeping camps, or the deployment of mobile disarmament units. Procedures should be communicated to authorities, members of armed groups and the wider community on a regular basis to ensure all are informed and sensitized (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).In the case peacekeeping camps are designated as reception points, the DDR component \u2013 in coordination with the military component and the battalion commander \u2013 should identify specific focal points within the camp to deal with combatants and persons associated with armed groups. These focal points should be trained in how to handle and disarm new arrivals, including taking gender-sensitive approaches with women and age-sensitive approaches with children, and in how to register and store materiel until DDR practitioners take over. Unsafe items should be stored in a pre-identified or purpose-built area as advised by DDR WAM advisers until specialized UN agency personnel or force EOD specialists can assess the safety of the items and recommend appropriate action.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":739, "Sentence":"Procedures should be communicated to authorities, members of armed groups and the wider community on a regular basis to ensure all are informed and sensitized (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).In the case peacekeeping camps are designated as reception points, the DDR component \u2013 in coordination with the military component and the battalion commander \u2013 should identify specific focal points within the camp to deal with combatants and persons associated with armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament procedure communicated authority member armed group wider community regular basis ensure informed sensitized see box 4 iddrs 4.60 public information strategic communication support ddr.in case peacekeeping camp designated reception point ddr component \u2013 coordination military component battalion commander \u2013 identify specific focal point within camp deal combatant person associated armed group ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.3 Spontaneous disarmament outside of official disarmament operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"In some contexts, in order to encourage individuals to leave armed groups when there is no DDR programme, a modus operandi for receiving combatants and persons associated with armed groups may be established. This may include the identification of a network of reception points, such as DDR offices or peacekeeping camps, or the deployment of mobile disarmament units. Procedures should be communicated to authorities, members of armed groups and the wider community on a regular basis to ensure all are informed and sensitized (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).In the case peacekeeping camps are designated as reception points, the DDR component \u2013 in coordination with the military component and the battalion commander \u2013 should identify specific focal points within the camp to deal with combatants and persons associated with armed groups. These focal points should be trained in how to handle and disarm new arrivals, including taking gender-sensitive approaches with women and age-sensitive approaches with children, and in how to register and store materiel until DDR practitioners take over. Unsafe items should be stored in a pre-identified or purpose-built area as advised by DDR WAM advisers until specialized UN agency personnel or force EOD specialists can assess the safety of the items and recommend appropriate action.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":739, "Sentence":"These focal points should be trained in how to handle and disarm new arrivals, including taking gender-sensitive approaches with women and age-sensitive approaches with children, and in how to register and store materiel until DDR practitioners take over.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament focal point trained handle disarm new arrival including taking gendersensitive approach woman agesensitive approach child register store materiel ddr practitioner take ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"6. Monitoring", "Heading2":"6.3 Spontaneous disarmament outside of official disarmament operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"In some contexts, in order to encourage individuals to leave armed groups when there is no DDR programme, a modus operandi for receiving combatants and persons associated with armed groups may be established. This may include the identification of a network of reception points, such as DDR offices or peacekeeping camps, or the deployment of mobile disarmament units. Procedures should be communicated to authorities, members of armed groups and the wider community on a regular basis to ensure all are informed and sensitized (see Box 4 and IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).In the case peacekeeping camps are designated as reception points, the DDR component \u2013 in coordination with the military component and the battalion commander \u2013 should identify specific focal points within the camp to deal with combatants and persons associated with armed groups. These focal points should be trained in how to handle and disarm new arrivals, including taking gender-sensitive approaches with women and age-sensitive approaches with children, and in how to register and store materiel until DDR practitioners take over. Unsafe items should be stored in a pre-identified or purpose-built area as advised by DDR WAM advisers until specialized UN agency personnel or force EOD specialists can assess the safety of the items and recommend appropriate action.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":739, "Sentence":"Unsafe items should be stored in a pre-identified or purpose-built area as advised by DDR WAM advisers until specialized UN agency personnel or force EOD specialists can assess the safety of the items and recommend appropriate action.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament unsafe item stored preidentified purposebuilt area advised ddr wam adviser specialized un agency personnel force eod specialist ass safety item recommend appropriate action ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Stockpile management phase", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"The term \u2018stockpile management\u2019 can be defined as procedures and activities designed to ensure the safe and secure accounting, storage, transportation and handling of arms, ammunition and explosives. The IATG and MOSAIC shall guide the design and implementation of this phase, and qualified WAM advisers should develop relevant SOP(s) (see section 5.6). The stockpile management and destruction of ammunition and explosives require a much more detailed technical response, as the risks and hazards are greater than for weapons, and stockpiles present a larger logistical challenge. Ammunition and explosives shall be handled only by those with the necessary technical competencies.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":740, "Sentence":"The term \u2018stockpile management\u2019 can be defined as procedures and activities designed to ensure the safe and secure accounting, storage, transportation and handling of arms, ammunition and explosives.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament term \u2018 stockpile management \u2019 defined procedure activity designed ensure safe secure accounting storage transportation handling arm ammunition explosive ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Stockpile management phase", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"The term \u2018stockpile management\u2019 can be defined as procedures and activities designed to ensure the safe and secure accounting, storage, transportation and handling of arms, ammunition and explosives. The IATG and MOSAIC shall guide the design and implementation of this phase, and qualified WAM advisers should develop relevant SOP(s) (see section 5.6). The stockpile management and destruction of ammunition and explosives require a much more detailed technical response, as the risks and hazards are greater than for weapons, and stockpiles present a larger logistical challenge. Ammunition and explosives shall be handled only by those with the necessary technical competencies.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":740, "Sentence":"The IATG and MOSAIC shall guide the design and implementation of this phase, and qualified WAM advisers should develop relevant SOP(s) (see section 5.6).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament iatg mosaic shall guide design implementation phase qualified wam adviser develop relevant sop see section 5.6 ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Stockpile management phase", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"The term \u2018stockpile management\u2019 can be defined as procedures and activities designed to ensure the safe and secure accounting, storage, transportation and handling of arms, ammunition and explosives. The IATG and MOSAIC shall guide the design and implementation of this phase, and qualified WAM advisers should develop relevant SOP(s) (see section 5.6). The stockpile management and destruction of ammunition and explosives require a much more detailed technical response, as the risks and hazards are greater than for weapons, and stockpiles present a larger logistical challenge. Ammunition and explosives shall be handled only by those with the necessary technical competencies.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":740, "Sentence":"The stockpile management and destruction of ammunition and explosives require a much more detailed technical response, as the risks and hazards are greater than for weapons, and stockpiles present a larger logistical challenge.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament stockpile management destruction ammunition explosive require much detailed technical response risk hazard greater weapon stockpile present larger logistical challenge ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Stockpile management phase", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"The term \u2018stockpile management\u2019 can be defined as procedures and activities designed to ensure the safe and secure accounting, storage, transportation and handling of arms, ammunition and explosives. The IATG and MOSAIC shall guide the design and implementation of this phase, and qualified WAM advisers should develop relevant SOP(s) (see section 5.6). The stockpile management and destruction of ammunition and explosives require a much more detailed technical response, as the risks and hazards are greater than for weapons, and stockpiles present a larger logistical challenge. Ammunition and explosives shall be handled only by those with the necessary technical competencies.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":740, "Sentence":"Ammunition and explosives shall be handled only by those with the necessary technical competencies.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ammunition explosive shall handled necessary technical competency ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.1 Accounting for weapons and ammunition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In smaller disarmament operations or when IMS has not yet been set for the capture of the above information, a separate simple database should be developed to manage weapons, ammunition and explosives collected. For example, the use of a standardized Excel spreadsheet template which would allow for the effective centralization of data. DDR components and UN lead agency(ies) should dedicate appropriate resources to the development and ongoing maintenance of this database and consider the establishment of a more comprehensive and permanent IMS where disarmament operations will clearly involve the collection of thousands of weapons and ammunition. Ownership of data by the UN, the national authorities or both should be decided ahead of the launch of the DDR programme.Data should be protected in order to ensure the security of DDR participants and stockpiles but could be shared with relevant UN entities for analysis and tracing purposes, as appropriate. In instances where the peace agreement does not prevent the formal tracing or investigation of the weapons and ammunition collected, specialized UN entities including Panels of Experts or a Joint Mission Analysis Centre may analyse information and send tracing requests to national authorities, manufacturing countries or other former custodians of weapons regarding the origins of the materiel. These entities should be given access to weapons, ammunition and explosives collected and also check firearms against INTERPOL\u2019s Illicit Arms Records and tracing Management System (iARMS) database. Doing this would shed light on points of diversion, supply chains, and trafficking routes, inter alia, which may contribute to efforts to counter proliferation and illicit trafficking and support the overall objectives of DDR. Forensic analysis may also lead to investigations regarding the licit or illicit origin of the collected weapons and possible linkages to terrorist organizations, in line with UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019).In a number of DDR settings, ammunition is generally handed in without its original packaging and will be loose packed and consist of a range of different calibres. Ammunition should be segregated into separate calibres and then accounted for in accordance with IATG 03.10 on Inventory Management.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":741, "Sentence":"In smaller disarmament operations or when IMS has not yet been set for the capture of the above information, a separate simple database should be developed to manage weapons, ammunition and explosives collected.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament smaller disarmament operation ims yet set capture information separate simple database developed manage weapon ammunition explosive collected ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.1 Accounting for weapons and ammunition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In smaller disarmament operations or when IMS has not yet been set for the capture of the above information, a separate simple database should be developed to manage weapons, ammunition and explosives collected. For example, the use of a standardized Excel spreadsheet template which would allow for the effective centralization of data. DDR components and UN lead agency(ies) should dedicate appropriate resources to the development and ongoing maintenance of this database and consider the establishment of a more comprehensive and permanent IMS where disarmament operations will clearly involve the collection of thousands of weapons and ammunition. Ownership of data by the UN, the national authorities or both should be decided ahead of the launch of the DDR programme.Data should be protected in order to ensure the security of DDR participants and stockpiles but could be shared with relevant UN entities for analysis and tracing purposes, as appropriate. In instances where the peace agreement does not prevent the formal tracing or investigation of the weapons and ammunition collected, specialized UN entities including Panels of Experts or a Joint Mission Analysis Centre may analyse information and send tracing requests to national authorities, manufacturing countries or other former custodians of weapons regarding the origins of the materiel. These entities should be given access to weapons, ammunition and explosives collected and also check firearms against INTERPOL\u2019s Illicit Arms Records and tracing Management System (iARMS) database. Doing this would shed light on points of diversion, supply chains, and trafficking routes, inter alia, which may contribute to efforts to counter proliferation and illicit trafficking and support the overall objectives of DDR. Forensic analysis may also lead to investigations regarding the licit or illicit origin of the collected weapons and possible linkages to terrorist organizations, in line with UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019).In a number of DDR settings, ammunition is generally handed in without its original packaging and will be loose packed and consist of a range of different calibres. Ammunition should be segregated into separate calibres and then accounted for in accordance with IATG 03.10 on Inventory Management.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":741, "Sentence":"For example, the use of a standardized Excel spreadsheet template which would allow for the effective centralization of data.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament example use standardized excel spreadsheet template would allow effective centralization data ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.1 Accounting for weapons and ammunition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In smaller disarmament operations or when IMS has not yet been set for the capture of the above information, a separate simple database should be developed to manage weapons, ammunition and explosives collected. For example, the use of a standardized Excel spreadsheet template which would allow for the effective centralization of data. DDR components and UN lead agency(ies) should dedicate appropriate resources to the development and ongoing maintenance of this database and consider the establishment of a more comprehensive and permanent IMS where disarmament operations will clearly involve the collection of thousands of weapons and ammunition. Ownership of data by the UN, the national authorities or both should be decided ahead of the launch of the DDR programme.Data should be protected in order to ensure the security of DDR participants and stockpiles but could be shared with relevant UN entities for analysis and tracing purposes, as appropriate. In instances where the peace agreement does not prevent the formal tracing or investigation of the weapons and ammunition collected, specialized UN entities including Panels of Experts or a Joint Mission Analysis Centre may analyse information and send tracing requests to national authorities, manufacturing countries or other former custodians of weapons regarding the origins of the materiel. These entities should be given access to weapons, ammunition and explosives collected and also check firearms against INTERPOL\u2019s Illicit Arms Records and tracing Management System (iARMS) database. Doing this would shed light on points of diversion, supply chains, and trafficking routes, inter alia, which may contribute to efforts to counter proliferation and illicit trafficking and support the overall objectives of DDR. Forensic analysis may also lead to investigations regarding the licit or illicit origin of the collected weapons and possible linkages to terrorist organizations, in line with UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019).In a number of DDR settings, ammunition is generally handed in without its original packaging and will be loose packed and consist of a range of different calibres. Ammunition should be segregated into separate calibres and then accounted for in accordance with IATG 03.10 on Inventory Management.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":741, "Sentence":"DDR components and UN lead agency(ies) should dedicate appropriate resources to the development and ongoing maintenance of this database and consider the establishment of a more comprehensive and permanent IMS where disarmament operations will clearly involve the collection of thousands of weapons and ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ddr component un lead agencyies dedicate appropriate resource development ongoing maintenance database consider establishment comprehensive permanent ims disarmament operation clearly involve collection thousand weapon ammunition ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.1 Accounting for weapons and ammunition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In smaller disarmament operations or when IMS has not yet been set for the capture of the above information, a separate simple database should be developed to manage weapons, ammunition and explosives collected. For example, the use of a standardized Excel spreadsheet template which would allow for the effective centralization of data. DDR components and UN lead agency(ies) should dedicate appropriate resources to the development and ongoing maintenance of this database and consider the establishment of a more comprehensive and permanent IMS where disarmament operations will clearly involve the collection of thousands of weapons and ammunition. Ownership of data by the UN, the national authorities or both should be decided ahead of the launch of the DDR programme.Data should be protected in order to ensure the security of DDR participants and stockpiles but could be shared with relevant UN entities for analysis and tracing purposes, as appropriate. In instances where the peace agreement does not prevent the formal tracing or investigation of the weapons and ammunition collected, specialized UN entities including Panels of Experts or a Joint Mission Analysis Centre may analyse information and send tracing requests to national authorities, manufacturing countries or other former custodians of weapons regarding the origins of the materiel. These entities should be given access to weapons, ammunition and explosives collected and also check firearms against INTERPOL\u2019s Illicit Arms Records and tracing Management System (iARMS) database. Doing this would shed light on points of diversion, supply chains, and trafficking routes, inter alia, which may contribute to efforts to counter proliferation and illicit trafficking and support the overall objectives of DDR. Forensic analysis may also lead to investigations regarding the licit or illicit origin of the collected weapons and possible linkages to terrorist organizations, in line with UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019).In a number of DDR settings, ammunition is generally handed in without its original packaging and will be loose packed and consist of a range of different calibres. Ammunition should be segregated into separate calibres and then accounted for in accordance with IATG 03.10 on Inventory Management.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":741, "Sentence":"Ownership of data by the UN, the national authorities or both should be decided ahead of the launch of the DDR programme.Data should be protected in order to ensure the security of DDR participants and stockpiles but could be shared with relevant UN entities for analysis and tracing purposes, as appropriate.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ownership data un national authority decided ahead launch ddr programme.data protected order ensure security ddr participant stockpile could shared relevant un entity analysis tracing purpose appropriate ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.1 Accounting for weapons and ammunition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In smaller disarmament operations or when IMS has not yet been set for the capture of the above information, a separate simple database should be developed to manage weapons, ammunition and explosives collected. For example, the use of a standardized Excel spreadsheet template which would allow for the effective centralization of data. DDR components and UN lead agency(ies) should dedicate appropriate resources to the development and ongoing maintenance of this database and consider the establishment of a more comprehensive and permanent IMS where disarmament operations will clearly involve the collection of thousands of weapons and ammunition. Ownership of data by the UN, the national authorities or both should be decided ahead of the launch of the DDR programme.Data should be protected in order to ensure the security of DDR participants and stockpiles but could be shared with relevant UN entities for analysis and tracing purposes, as appropriate. In instances where the peace agreement does not prevent the formal tracing or investigation of the weapons and ammunition collected, specialized UN entities including Panels of Experts or a Joint Mission Analysis Centre may analyse information and send tracing requests to national authorities, manufacturing countries or other former custodians of weapons regarding the origins of the materiel. These entities should be given access to weapons, ammunition and explosives collected and also check firearms against INTERPOL\u2019s Illicit Arms Records and tracing Management System (iARMS) database. Doing this would shed light on points of diversion, supply chains, and trafficking routes, inter alia, which may contribute to efforts to counter proliferation and illicit trafficking and support the overall objectives of DDR. Forensic analysis may also lead to investigations regarding the licit or illicit origin of the collected weapons and possible linkages to terrorist organizations, in line with UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019).In a number of DDR settings, ammunition is generally handed in without its original packaging and will be loose packed and consist of a range of different calibres. Ammunition should be segregated into separate calibres and then accounted for in accordance with IATG 03.10 on Inventory Management.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":741, "Sentence":"In instances where the peace agreement does not prevent the formal tracing or investigation of the weapons and ammunition collected, specialized UN entities including Panels of Experts or a Joint Mission Analysis Centre may analyse information and send tracing requests to national authorities, manufacturing countries or other former custodians of weapons regarding the origins of the materiel.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament instance peace agreement prevent formal tracing investigation weapon ammunition collected specialized un entity including panel expert joint mission analysis centre may analyse information send tracing request national authority manufacturing country former custodian weapon regarding origin materiel ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.1 Accounting for weapons and ammunition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In smaller disarmament operations or when IMS has not yet been set for the capture of the above information, a separate simple database should be developed to manage weapons, ammunition and explosives collected. For example, the use of a standardized Excel spreadsheet template which would allow for the effective centralization of data. DDR components and UN lead agency(ies) should dedicate appropriate resources to the development and ongoing maintenance of this database and consider the establishment of a more comprehensive and permanent IMS where disarmament operations will clearly involve the collection of thousands of weapons and ammunition. Ownership of data by the UN, the national authorities or both should be decided ahead of the launch of the DDR programme.Data should be protected in order to ensure the security of DDR participants and stockpiles but could be shared with relevant UN entities for analysis and tracing purposes, as appropriate. In instances where the peace agreement does not prevent the formal tracing or investigation of the weapons and ammunition collected, specialized UN entities including Panels of Experts or a Joint Mission Analysis Centre may analyse information and send tracing requests to national authorities, manufacturing countries or other former custodians of weapons regarding the origins of the materiel. These entities should be given access to weapons, ammunition and explosives collected and also check firearms against INTERPOL\u2019s Illicit Arms Records and tracing Management System (iARMS) database. Doing this would shed light on points of diversion, supply chains, and trafficking routes, inter alia, which may contribute to efforts to counter proliferation and illicit trafficking and support the overall objectives of DDR. Forensic analysis may also lead to investigations regarding the licit or illicit origin of the collected weapons and possible linkages to terrorist organizations, in line with UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019).In a number of DDR settings, ammunition is generally handed in without its original packaging and will be loose packed and consist of a range of different calibres. Ammunition should be segregated into separate calibres and then accounted for in accordance with IATG 03.10 on Inventory Management.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":741, "Sentence":"These entities should be given access to weapons, ammunition and explosives collected and also check firearms against INTERPOL\u2019s Illicit Arms Records and tracing Management System (iARMS) database.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament entity given access weapon ammunition explosive collected also check firearm interpol \u2019 illicit arm record tracing management system iarms database ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.1 Accounting for weapons and ammunition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In smaller disarmament operations or when IMS has not yet been set for the capture of the above information, a separate simple database should be developed to manage weapons, ammunition and explosives collected. For example, the use of a standardized Excel spreadsheet template which would allow for the effective centralization of data. DDR components and UN lead agency(ies) should dedicate appropriate resources to the development and ongoing maintenance of this database and consider the establishment of a more comprehensive and permanent IMS where disarmament operations will clearly involve the collection of thousands of weapons and ammunition. Ownership of data by the UN, the national authorities or both should be decided ahead of the launch of the DDR programme.Data should be protected in order to ensure the security of DDR participants and stockpiles but could be shared with relevant UN entities for analysis and tracing purposes, as appropriate. In instances where the peace agreement does not prevent the formal tracing or investigation of the weapons and ammunition collected, specialized UN entities including Panels of Experts or a Joint Mission Analysis Centre may analyse information and send tracing requests to national authorities, manufacturing countries or other former custodians of weapons regarding the origins of the materiel. These entities should be given access to weapons, ammunition and explosives collected and also check firearms against INTERPOL\u2019s Illicit Arms Records and tracing Management System (iARMS) database. Doing this would shed light on points of diversion, supply chains, and trafficking routes, inter alia, which may contribute to efforts to counter proliferation and illicit trafficking and support the overall objectives of DDR. Forensic analysis may also lead to investigations regarding the licit or illicit origin of the collected weapons and possible linkages to terrorist organizations, in line with UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019).In a number of DDR settings, ammunition is generally handed in without its original packaging and will be loose packed and consist of a range of different calibres. Ammunition should be segregated into separate calibres and then accounted for in accordance with IATG 03.10 on Inventory Management.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":741, "Sentence":"Doing this would shed light on points of diversion, supply chains, and trafficking routes, inter alia, which may contribute to efforts to counter proliferation and illicit trafficking and support the overall objectives of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament would shed light point diversion supply chain trafficking route inter alia may contribute effort counter proliferation illicit trafficking support overall objective ddr ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.1 Accounting for weapons and ammunition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In smaller disarmament operations or when IMS has not yet been set for the capture of the above information, a separate simple database should be developed to manage weapons, ammunition and explosives collected. For example, the use of a standardized Excel spreadsheet template which would allow for the effective centralization of data. DDR components and UN lead agency(ies) should dedicate appropriate resources to the development and ongoing maintenance of this database and consider the establishment of a more comprehensive and permanent IMS where disarmament operations will clearly involve the collection of thousands of weapons and ammunition. Ownership of data by the UN, the national authorities or both should be decided ahead of the launch of the DDR programme.Data should be protected in order to ensure the security of DDR participants and stockpiles but could be shared with relevant UN entities for analysis and tracing purposes, as appropriate. In instances where the peace agreement does not prevent the formal tracing or investigation of the weapons and ammunition collected, specialized UN entities including Panels of Experts or a Joint Mission Analysis Centre may analyse information and send tracing requests to national authorities, manufacturing countries or other former custodians of weapons regarding the origins of the materiel. These entities should be given access to weapons, ammunition and explosives collected and also check firearms against INTERPOL\u2019s Illicit Arms Records and tracing Management System (iARMS) database. Doing this would shed light on points of diversion, supply chains, and trafficking routes, inter alia, which may contribute to efforts to counter proliferation and illicit trafficking and support the overall objectives of DDR. Forensic analysis may also lead to investigations regarding the licit or illicit origin of the collected weapons and possible linkages to terrorist organizations, in line with UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019).In a number of DDR settings, ammunition is generally handed in without its original packaging and will be loose packed and consist of a range of different calibres. Ammunition should be segregated into separate calibres and then accounted for in accordance with IATG 03.10 on Inventory Management.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":741, "Sentence":"Forensic analysis may also lead to investigations regarding the licit or illicit origin of the collected weapons and possible linkages to terrorist organizations, in line with UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019).In a number of DDR settings, ammunition is generally handed in without its original packaging and will be loose packed and consist of a range of different calibres.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament forensic analysis may also lead investigation regarding licit illicit origin collected weapon possible linkage terrorist organization line un security council resolution 2370 2017 2482 2019.in number ddr setting ammunition generally handed without original packaging loose packed consist range different calibre ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.1 Accounting for weapons and ammunition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In smaller disarmament operations or when IMS has not yet been set for the capture of the above information, a separate simple database should be developed to manage weapons, ammunition and explosives collected. For example, the use of a standardized Excel spreadsheet template which would allow for the effective centralization of data. DDR components and UN lead agency(ies) should dedicate appropriate resources to the development and ongoing maintenance of this database and consider the establishment of a more comprehensive and permanent IMS where disarmament operations will clearly involve the collection of thousands of weapons and ammunition. Ownership of data by the UN, the national authorities or both should be decided ahead of the launch of the DDR programme.Data should be protected in order to ensure the security of DDR participants and stockpiles but could be shared with relevant UN entities for analysis and tracing purposes, as appropriate. In instances where the peace agreement does not prevent the formal tracing or investigation of the weapons and ammunition collected, specialized UN entities including Panels of Experts or a Joint Mission Analysis Centre may analyse information and send tracing requests to national authorities, manufacturing countries or other former custodians of weapons regarding the origins of the materiel. These entities should be given access to weapons, ammunition and explosives collected and also check firearms against INTERPOL\u2019s Illicit Arms Records and tracing Management System (iARMS) database. Doing this would shed light on points of diversion, supply chains, and trafficking routes, inter alia, which may contribute to efforts to counter proliferation and illicit trafficking and support the overall objectives of DDR. Forensic analysis may also lead to investigations regarding the licit or illicit origin of the collected weapons and possible linkages to terrorist organizations, in line with UN Security Council resolutions 2370 (2017) and 2482 (2019).In a number of DDR settings, ammunition is generally handed in without its original packaging and will be loose packed and consist of a range of different calibres. Ammunition should be segregated into separate calibres and then accounted for in accordance with IATG 03.10 on Inventory Management.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":741, "Sentence":"Ammunition should be segregated into separate calibres and then accounted for in accordance with IATG 03.10 on Inventory Management.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ammunition segregated separate calibre accounted accordance iatg 03.10 inventory management ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.2 Transportation of weapons and ammunition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"The transportation of dangerous goods from disarmament sites to storage areas should be planned in order to mitigate the risk of explosions and diversions. A WAM adviser should supervise the organization of materiel: arms and ammunition should be transported separately and moved in different shipments. Similarly, whenever advisable for security reasons and practicable in terms of time and capacity, the weapons to be transported should be made temporarily inactive by removing a principal functional part (e.g., bolt, cylinder, slide) and providing for separate transportation of ammunition, ultimately in a different shipment or convoy. All boxes and crates containing weapons or ammunition should be secured and sealed prior to loading onto transport vehicles. As most DDR materiel is transported by road, security of transportation should be ensured by the UN military component in mission settings or by national security forces or by designated security officials in non-mission settings.In the absence of qualified personnel, all ammunition and explosives other than small arms and machine gun ammunition7 should not be transported. In such cases, SOPs should provide directions and WAM advisers should be contacted to confirm instructions on how and where the remaining ammunition should be stored until relevant personnel are able to come and transport it or destroy it in situ.Upon receipt, the shipment should be checked against the DDR weapons and ammunition database, which should be updated accordingly, and a handover declaration should be signed.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":742, "Sentence":"The transportation of dangerous goods from disarmament sites to storage areas should be planned in order to mitigate the risk of explosions and diversions.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament transportation dangerous good disarmament site storage area planned order mitigate risk explosion diversion ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.2 Transportation of weapons and ammunition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"The transportation of dangerous goods from disarmament sites to storage areas should be planned in order to mitigate the risk of explosions and diversions. A WAM adviser should supervise the organization of materiel: arms and ammunition should be transported separately and moved in different shipments. Similarly, whenever advisable for security reasons and practicable in terms of time and capacity, the weapons to be transported should be made temporarily inactive by removing a principal functional part (e.g., bolt, cylinder, slide) and providing for separate transportation of ammunition, ultimately in a different shipment or convoy. All boxes and crates containing weapons or ammunition should be secured and sealed prior to loading onto transport vehicles. As most DDR materiel is transported by road, security of transportation should be ensured by the UN military component in mission settings or by national security forces or by designated security officials in non-mission settings.In the absence of qualified personnel, all ammunition and explosives other than small arms and machine gun ammunition7 should not be transported. In such cases, SOPs should provide directions and WAM advisers should be contacted to confirm instructions on how and where the remaining ammunition should be stored until relevant personnel are able to come and transport it or destroy it in situ.Upon receipt, the shipment should be checked against the DDR weapons and ammunition database, which should be updated accordingly, and a handover declaration should be signed.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":742, "Sentence":"A WAM adviser should supervise the organization of materiel: arms and ammunition should be transported separately and moved in different shipments.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament wam adviser supervise organization materiel arm ammunition transported separately moved different shipment ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.2 Transportation of weapons and ammunition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"The transportation of dangerous goods from disarmament sites to storage areas should be planned in order to mitigate the risk of explosions and diversions. A WAM adviser should supervise the organization of materiel: arms and ammunition should be transported separately and moved in different shipments. Similarly, whenever advisable for security reasons and practicable in terms of time and capacity, the weapons to be transported should be made temporarily inactive by removing a principal functional part (e.g., bolt, cylinder, slide) and providing for separate transportation of ammunition, ultimately in a different shipment or convoy. All boxes and crates containing weapons or ammunition should be secured and sealed prior to loading onto transport vehicles. As most DDR materiel is transported by road, security of transportation should be ensured by the UN military component in mission settings or by national security forces or by designated security officials in non-mission settings.In the absence of qualified personnel, all ammunition and explosives other than small arms and machine gun ammunition7 should not be transported. In such cases, SOPs should provide directions and WAM advisers should be contacted to confirm instructions on how and where the remaining ammunition should be stored until relevant personnel are able to come and transport it or destroy it in situ.Upon receipt, the shipment should be checked against the DDR weapons and ammunition database, which should be updated accordingly, and a handover declaration should be signed.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":742, "Sentence":"Similarly, whenever advisable for security reasons and practicable in terms of time and capacity, the weapons to be transported should be made temporarily inactive by removing a principal functional part (e.g., bolt, cylinder, slide) and providing for separate transportation of ammunition, ultimately in a different shipment or convoy.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament similarly whenever advisable security reason practicable term time capacity weapon transported made temporarily inactive removing principal functional part e.g . bolt cylinder slide providing separate transportation ammunition ultimately different shipment convoy ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.2 Transportation of weapons and ammunition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"The transportation of dangerous goods from disarmament sites to storage areas should be planned in order to mitigate the risk of explosions and diversions. A WAM adviser should supervise the organization of materiel: arms and ammunition should be transported separately and moved in different shipments. Similarly, whenever advisable for security reasons and practicable in terms of time and capacity, the weapons to be transported should be made temporarily inactive by removing a principal functional part (e.g., bolt, cylinder, slide) and providing for separate transportation of ammunition, ultimately in a different shipment or convoy. All boxes and crates containing weapons or ammunition should be secured and sealed prior to loading onto transport vehicles. As most DDR materiel is transported by road, security of transportation should be ensured by the UN military component in mission settings or by national security forces or by designated security officials in non-mission settings.In the absence of qualified personnel, all ammunition and explosives other than small arms and machine gun ammunition7 should not be transported. In such cases, SOPs should provide directions and WAM advisers should be contacted to confirm instructions on how and where the remaining ammunition should be stored until relevant personnel are able to come and transport it or destroy it in situ.Upon receipt, the shipment should be checked against the DDR weapons and ammunition database, which should be updated accordingly, and a handover declaration should be signed.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":742, "Sentence":"All boxes and crates containing weapons or ammunition should be secured and sealed prior to loading onto transport vehicles.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament box crate containing weapon ammunition secured sealed prior loading onto transport vehicle ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.2 Transportation of weapons and ammunition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"The transportation of dangerous goods from disarmament sites to storage areas should be planned in order to mitigate the risk of explosions and diversions. A WAM adviser should supervise the organization of materiel: arms and ammunition should be transported separately and moved in different shipments. Similarly, whenever advisable for security reasons and practicable in terms of time and capacity, the weapons to be transported should be made temporarily inactive by removing a principal functional part (e.g., bolt, cylinder, slide) and providing for separate transportation of ammunition, ultimately in a different shipment or convoy. All boxes and crates containing weapons or ammunition should be secured and sealed prior to loading onto transport vehicles. As most DDR materiel is transported by road, security of transportation should be ensured by the UN military component in mission settings or by national security forces or by designated security officials in non-mission settings.In the absence of qualified personnel, all ammunition and explosives other than small arms and machine gun ammunition7 should not be transported. In such cases, SOPs should provide directions and WAM advisers should be contacted to confirm instructions on how and where the remaining ammunition should be stored until relevant personnel are able to come and transport it or destroy it in situ.Upon receipt, the shipment should be checked against the DDR weapons and ammunition database, which should be updated accordingly, and a handover declaration should be signed.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":742, "Sentence":"As most DDR materiel is transported by road, security of transportation should be ensured by the UN military component in mission settings or by national security forces or by designated security officials in non-mission settings.In the absence of qualified personnel, all ammunition and explosives other than small arms and machine gun ammunition7 should not be transported.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ddr materiel transported road security transportation ensured un military component mission setting national security force designated security official nonmission settings.in absence qualified personnel ammunition explosive small arm machine gun ammunition7 transported ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.2 Transportation of weapons and ammunition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"The transportation of dangerous goods from disarmament sites to storage areas should be planned in order to mitigate the risk of explosions and diversions. A WAM adviser should supervise the organization of materiel: arms and ammunition should be transported separately and moved in different shipments. Similarly, whenever advisable for security reasons and practicable in terms of time and capacity, the weapons to be transported should be made temporarily inactive by removing a principal functional part (e.g., bolt, cylinder, slide) and providing for separate transportation of ammunition, ultimately in a different shipment or convoy. All boxes and crates containing weapons or ammunition should be secured and sealed prior to loading onto transport vehicles. As most DDR materiel is transported by road, security of transportation should be ensured by the UN military component in mission settings or by national security forces or by designated security officials in non-mission settings.In the absence of qualified personnel, all ammunition and explosives other than small arms and machine gun ammunition7 should not be transported. In such cases, SOPs should provide directions and WAM advisers should be contacted to confirm instructions on how and where the remaining ammunition should be stored until relevant personnel are able to come and transport it or destroy it in situ.Upon receipt, the shipment should be checked against the DDR weapons and ammunition database, which should be updated accordingly, and a handover declaration should be signed.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":742, "Sentence":"In such cases, SOPs should provide directions and WAM advisers should be contacted to confirm instructions on how and where the remaining ammunition should be stored until relevant personnel are able to come and transport it or destroy it in situ.Upon receipt, the shipment should be checked against the DDR weapons and ammunition database, which should be updated accordingly, and a handover declaration should be signed.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament case sop provide direction wam adviser contacted confirm instruction remaining ammunition stored relevant personnel able come transport destroy situ.upon receipt shipment checked ddr weapon ammunition database updated accordingly handover declaration signed ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"The safety and security of collected weapons, ammunition and explosives shall be a primary concern. This is because the diversion of materiel or an unplanned storage explosion would have an immediate negative impact on the credibility and the objectives of the whole DDR programme, while also posing a serious safety and security risk. DDR programmes very rarely have appropriate storage infrastructure at their disposal, and most are therefore required to build their own temporary structures, for example, using shipping containers. Conventional arms and ammunition can be stored effectively and safely in these temporary facilities if they comply with international guidelines including IATG 04.10 on Field Storage, IATG 04.20 on Temporary Storage and MOSAIC 5.20 on Stockpile Management.The stockpile management phase shall be as short as possible. The sooner that collected weapons and ammunition are disposed of (see section 8), the better in terms of (1) security and safety risks; (2) improved confidence and trust; and (3) a lower requirement for personnel and funding.Post-collection storage shall be planned before the start of the collection phase with the support of a qualified DDR WAM adviser who will determine the size, location, staff and equipment required based on the findings of the integrated assessment (see section 5.1). The SOP should identify the actors responsible for securing storage sites, and a risk assessment shall be conducted by a WAM adviser in order to determine the optimal locations for storage facilities, including appropriate safety distances. The assessment shall also help identify priorities in terms of security measures to be adopted with regards to physical protection (see DDR WAM Handbook Unit 16).The content of DDR storage sites shall be checked and verified on a regular basis against the DDR weapons and ammunition database (see section 7.3.1). Any suspected loss or theft shall be reported immediately and investigated according to the SOP (see MOSAIC 5.20 for an investigative report template as well as UN SOP Ref.2017.22 on Loss of Weapons and Ammunition in Peace Operations).Weapons and ammunition must be taken from a store only by personnel who are authorized to do so. These personnel and their affiliation should be identified and authenticated before removing the materiel. The details of personnel removing and returning materiel should be recorded in a log, identifying their name, affiliation and signature, dates and times, weapons\/ammunition details and the purpose of removal.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":743, "Sentence":"The safety and security of collected weapons, ammunition and explosives shall be a primary concern.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament safety security collected weapon ammunition explosive shall primary concern ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"The safety and security of collected weapons, ammunition and explosives shall be a primary concern. This is because the diversion of materiel or an unplanned storage explosion would have an immediate negative impact on the credibility and the objectives of the whole DDR programme, while also posing a serious safety and security risk. DDR programmes very rarely have appropriate storage infrastructure at their disposal, and most are therefore required to build their own temporary structures, for example, using shipping containers. Conventional arms and ammunition can be stored effectively and safely in these temporary facilities if they comply with international guidelines including IATG 04.10 on Field Storage, IATG 04.20 on Temporary Storage and MOSAIC 5.20 on Stockpile Management.The stockpile management phase shall be as short as possible. The sooner that collected weapons and ammunition are disposed of (see section 8), the better in terms of (1) security and safety risks; (2) improved confidence and trust; and (3) a lower requirement for personnel and funding.Post-collection storage shall be planned before the start of the collection phase with the support of a qualified DDR WAM adviser who will determine the size, location, staff and equipment required based on the findings of the integrated assessment (see section 5.1). The SOP should identify the actors responsible for securing storage sites, and a risk assessment shall be conducted by a WAM adviser in order to determine the optimal locations for storage facilities, including appropriate safety distances. The assessment shall also help identify priorities in terms of security measures to be adopted with regards to physical protection (see DDR WAM Handbook Unit 16).The content of DDR storage sites shall be checked and verified on a regular basis against the DDR weapons and ammunition database (see section 7.3.1). Any suspected loss or theft shall be reported immediately and investigated according to the SOP (see MOSAIC 5.20 for an investigative report template as well as UN SOP Ref.2017.22 on Loss of Weapons and Ammunition in Peace Operations).Weapons and ammunition must be taken from a store only by personnel who are authorized to do so. These personnel and their affiliation should be identified and authenticated before removing the materiel. The details of personnel removing and returning materiel should be recorded in a log, identifying their name, affiliation and signature, dates and times, weapons\/ammunition details and the purpose of removal.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":743, "Sentence":"This is because the diversion of materiel or an unplanned storage explosion would have an immediate negative impact on the credibility and the objectives of the whole DDR programme, while also posing a serious safety and security risk.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament diversion materiel unplanned storage explosion would immediate negative impact credibility objective whole ddr programme also posing serious safety security risk ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"The safety and security of collected weapons, ammunition and explosives shall be a primary concern. This is because the diversion of materiel or an unplanned storage explosion would have an immediate negative impact on the credibility and the objectives of the whole DDR programme, while also posing a serious safety and security risk. DDR programmes very rarely have appropriate storage infrastructure at their disposal, and most are therefore required to build their own temporary structures, for example, using shipping containers. Conventional arms and ammunition can be stored effectively and safely in these temporary facilities if they comply with international guidelines including IATG 04.10 on Field Storage, IATG 04.20 on Temporary Storage and MOSAIC 5.20 on Stockpile Management.The stockpile management phase shall be as short as possible. The sooner that collected weapons and ammunition are disposed of (see section 8), the better in terms of (1) security and safety risks; (2) improved confidence and trust; and (3) a lower requirement for personnel and funding.Post-collection storage shall be planned before the start of the collection phase with the support of a qualified DDR WAM adviser who will determine the size, location, staff and equipment required based on the findings of the integrated assessment (see section 5.1). The SOP should identify the actors responsible for securing storage sites, and a risk assessment shall be conducted by a WAM adviser in order to determine the optimal locations for storage facilities, including appropriate safety distances. The assessment shall also help identify priorities in terms of security measures to be adopted with regards to physical protection (see DDR WAM Handbook Unit 16).The content of DDR storage sites shall be checked and verified on a regular basis against the DDR weapons and ammunition database (see section 7.3.1). Any suspected loss or theft shall be reported immediately and investigated according to the SOP (see MOSAIC 5.20 for an investigative report template as well as UN SOP Ref.2017.22 on Loss of Weapons and Ammunition in Peace Operations).Weapons and ammunition must be taken from a store only by personnel who are authorized to do so. These personnel and their affiliation should be identified and authenticated before removing the materiel. The details of personnel removing and returning materiel should be recorded in a log, identifying their name, affiliation and signature, dates and times, weapons\/ammunition details and the purpose of removal.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":743, "Sentence":"DDR programmes very rarely have appropriate storage infrastructure at their disposal, and most are therefore required to build their own temporary structures, for example, using shipping containers.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ddr programme rarely appropriate storage infrastructure disposal therefore required build temporary structure example using shipping container ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"The safety and security of collected weapons, ammunition and explosives shall be a primary concern. This is because the diversion of materiel or an unplanned storage explosion would have an immediate negative impact on the credibility and the objectives of the whole DDR programme, while also posing a serious safety and security risk. DDR programmes very rarely have appropriate storage infrastructure at their disposal, and most are therefore required to build their own temporary structures, for example, using shipping containers. Conventional arms and ammunition can be stored effectively and safely in these temporary facilities if they comply with international guidelines including IATG 04.10 on Field Storage, IATG 04.20 on Temporary Storage and MOSAIC 5.20 on Stockpile Management.The stockpile management phase shall be as short as possible. The sooner that collected weapons and ammunition are disposed of (see section 8), the better in terms of (1) security and safety risks; (2) improved confidence and trust; and (3) a lower requirement for personnel and funding.Post-collection storage shall be planned before the start of the collection phase with the support of a qualified DDR WAM adviser who will determine the size, location, staff and equipment required based on the findings of the integrated assessment (see section 5.1). The SOP should identify the actors responsible for securing storage sites, and a risk assessment shall be conducted by a WAM adviser in order to determine the optimal locations for storage facilities, including appropriate safety distances. The assessment shall also help identify priorities in terms of security measures to be adopted with regards to physical protection (see DDR WAM Handbook Unit 16).The content of DDR storage sites shall be checked and verified on a regular basis against the DDR weapons and ammunition database (see section 7.3.1). Any suspected loss or theft shall be reported immediately and investigated according to the SOP (see MOSAIC 5.20 for an investigative report template as well as UN SOP Ref.2017.22 on Loss of Weapons and Ammunition in Peace Operations).Weapons and ammunition must be taken from a store only by personnel who are authorized to do so. These personnel and their affiliation should be identified and authenticated before removing the materiel. The details of personnel removing and returning materiel should be recorded in a log, identifying their name, affiliation and signature, dates and times, weapons\/ammunition details and the purpose of removal.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":743, "Sentence":"Conventional arms and ammunition can be stored effectively and safely in these temporary facilities if they comply with international guidelines including IATG 04.10 on Field Storage, IATG 04.20 on Temporary Storage and MOSAIC 5.20 on Stockpile Management.The stockpile management phase shall be as short as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament conventional arm ammunition stored effectively safely temporary facility comply international guideline including iatg 04.10 field storage iatg 04.20 temporary storage mosaic 5.20 stockpile management.the stockpile management phase shall short possible ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"The safety and security of collected weapons, ammunition and explosives shall be a primary concern. This is because the diversion of materiel or an unplanned storage explosion would have an immediate negative impact on the credibility and the objectives of the whole DDR programme, while also posing a serious safety and security risk. DDR programmes very rarely have appropriate storage infrastructure at their disposal, and most are therefore required to build their own temporary structures, for example, using shipping containers. Conventional arms and ammunition can be stored effectively and safely in these temporary facilities if they comply with international guidelines including IATG 04.10 on Field Storage, IATG 04.20 on Temporary Storage and MOSAIC 5.20 on Stockpile Management.The stockpile management phase shall be as short as possible. The sooner that collected weapons and ammunition are disposed of (see section 8), the better in terms of (1) security and safety risks; (2) improved confidence and trust; and (3) a lower requirement for personnel and funding.Post-collection storage shall be planned before the start of the collection phase with the support of a qualified DDR WAM adviser who will determine the size, location, staff and equipment required based on the findings of the integrated assessment (see section 5.1). The SOP should identify the actors responsible for securing storage sites, and a risk assessment shall be conducted by a WAM adviser in order to determine the optimal locations for storage facilities, including appropriate safety distances. The assessment shall also help identify priorities in terms of security measures to be adopted with regards to physical protection (see DDR WAM Handbook Unit 16).The content of DDR storage sites shall be checked and verified on a regular basis against the DDR weapons and ammunition database (see section 7.3.1). Any suspected loss or theft shall be reported immediately and investigated according to the SOP (see MOSAIC 5.20 for an investigative report template as well as UN SOP Ref.2017.22 on Loss of Weapons and Ammunition in Peace Operations).Weapons and ammunition must be taken from a store only by personnel who are authorized to do so. These personnel and their affiliation should be identified and authenticated before removing the materiel. The details of personnel removing and returning materiel should be recorded in a log, identifying their name, affiliation and signature, dates and times, weapons\/ammunition details and the purpose of removal.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":743, "Sentence":"The sooner that collected weapons and ammunition are disposed of (see section 8), the better in terms of (1) security and safety risks; (2) improved confidence and trust; and (3) a lower requirement for personnel and funding.Post-collection storage shall be planned before the start of the collection phase with the support of a qualified DDR WAM adviser who will determine the size, location, staff and equipment required based on the findings of the integrated assessment (see section 5.1).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament sooner collected weapon ammunition disposed see section 8 better term 1 security safety risk 2 improved confidence trust 3 lower requirement personnel funding.postcollection storage shall planned start collection phase support qualified ddr wam adviser determine size location staff equipment required based finding integrated assessment see section 5.1 ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"The safety and security of collected weapons, ammunition and explosives shall be a primary concern. This is because the diversion of materiel or an unplanned storage explosion would have an immediate negative impact on the credibility and the objectives of the whole DDR programme, while also posing a serious safety and security risk. DDR programmes very rarely have appropriate storage infrastructure at their disposal, and most are therefore required to build their own temporary structures, for example, using shipping containers. Conventional arms and ammunition can be stored effectively and safely in these temporary facilities if they comply with international guidelines including IATG 04.10 on Field Storage, IATG 04.20 on Temporary Storage and MOSAIC 5.20 on Stockpile Management.The stockpile management phase shall be as short as possible. The sooner that collected weapons and ammunition are disposed of (see section 8), the better in terms of (1) security and safety risks; (2) improved confidence and trust; and (3) a lower requirement for personnel and funding.Post-collection storage shall be planned before the start of the collection phase with the support of a qualified DDR WAM adviser who will determine the size, location, staff and equipment required based on the findings of the integrated assessment (see section 5.1). The SOP should identify the actors responsible for securing storage sites, and a risk assessment shall be conducted by a WAM adviser in order to determine the optimal locations for storage facilities, including appropriate safety distances. The assessment shall also help identify priorities in terms of security measures to be adopted with regards to physical protection (see DDR WAM Handbook Unit 16).The content of DDR storage sites shall be checked and verified on a regular basis against the DDR weapons and ammunition database (see section 7.3.1). Any suspected loss or theft shall be reported immediately and investigated according to the SOP (see MOSAIC 5.20 for an investigative report template as well as UN SOP Ref.2017.22 on Loss of Weapons and Ammunition in Peace Operations).Weapons and ammunition must be taken from a store only by personnel who are authorized to do so. These personnel and their affiliation should be identified and authenticated before removing the materiel. The details of personnel removing and returning materiel should be recorded in a log, identifying their name, affiliation and signature, dates and times, weapons\/ammunition details and the purpose of removal.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":743, "Sentence":"The SOP should identify the actors responsible for securing storage sites, and a risk assessment shall be conducted by a WAM adviser in order to determine the optimal locations for storage facilities, including appropriate safety distances.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament sop identify actor responsible securing storage site risk assessment shall conducted wam adviser order determine optimal location storage facility including appropriate safety distance ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"The safety and security of collected weapons, ammunition and explosives shall be a primary concern. This is because the diversion of materiel or an unplanned storage explosion would have an immediate negative impact on the credibility and the objectives of the whole DDR programme, while also posing a serious safety and security risk. DDR programmes very rarely have appropriate storage infrastructure at their disposal, and most are therefore required to build their own temporary structures, for example, using shipping containers. Conventional arms and ammunition can be stored effectively and safely in these temporary facilities if they comply with international guidelines including IATG 04.10 on Field Storage, IATG 04.20 on Temporary Storage and MOSAIC 5.20 on Stockpile Management.The stockpile management phase shall be as short as possible. The sooner that collected weapons and ammunition are disposed of (see section 8), the better in terms of (1) security and safety risks; (2) improved confidence and trust; and (3) a lower requirement for personnel and funding.Post-collection storage shall be planned before the start of the collection phase with the support of a qualified DDR WAM adviser who will determine the size, location, staff and equipment required based on the findings of the integrated assessment (see section 5.1). The SOP should identify the actors responsible for securing storage sites, and a risk assessment shall be conducted by a WAM adviser in order to determine the optimal locations for storage facilities, including appropriate safety distances. The assessment shall also help identify priorities in terms of security measures to be adopted with regards to physical protection (see DDR WAM Handbook Unit 16).The content of DDR storage sites shall be checked and verified on a regular basis against the DDR weapons and ammunition database (see section 7.3.1). Any suspected loss or theft shall be reported immediately and investigated according to the SOP (see MOSAIC 5.20 for an investigative report template as well as UN SOP Ref.2017.22 on Loss of Weapons and Ammunition in Peace Operations).Weapons and ammunition must be taken from a store only by personnel who are authorized to do so. These personnel and their affiliation should be identified and authenticated before removing the materiel. The details of personnel removing and returning materiel should be recorded in a log, identifying their name, affiliation and signature, dates and times, weapons\/ammunition details and the purpose of removal.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":743, "Sentence":"The assessment shall also help identify priorities in terms of security measures to be adopted with regards to physical protection (see DDR WAM Handbook Unit 16).The content of DDR storage sites shall be checked and verified on a regular basis against the DDR weapons and ammunition database (see section 7.3.1).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament assessment shall also help identify priority term security measure adopted regard physical protection see ddr wam handbook unit 16.the content ddr storage site shall checked verified regular basis ddr weapon ammunition database see section 7.3.1 ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"The safety and security of collected weapons, ammunition and explosives shall be a primary concern. This is because the diversion of materiel or an unplanned storage explosion would have an immediate negative impact on the credibility and the objectives of the whole DDR programme, while also posing a serious safety and security risk. DDR programmes very rarely have appropriate storage infrastructure at their disposal, and most are therefore required to build their own temporary structures, for example, using shipping containers. Conventional arms and ammunition can be stored effectively and safely in these temporary facilities if they comply with international guidelines including IATG 04.10 on Field Storage, IATG 04.20 on Temporary Storage and MOSAIC 5.20 on Stockpile Management.The stockpile management phase shall be as short as possible. The sooner that collected weapons and ammunition are disposed of (see section 8), the better in terms of (1) security and safety risks; (2) improved confidence and trust; and (3) a lower requirement for personnel and funding.Post-collection storage shall be planned before the start of the collection phase with the support of a qualified DDR WAM adviser who will determine the size, location, staff and equipment required based on the findings of the integrated assessment (see section 5.1). The SOP should identify the actors responsible for securing storage sites, and a risk assessment shall be conducted by a WAM adviser in order to determine the optimal locations for storage facilities, including appropriate safety distances. The assessment shall also help identify priorities in terms of security measures to be adopted with regards to physical protection (see DDR WAM Handbook Unit 16).The content of DDR storage sites shall be checked and verified on a regular basis against the DDR weapons and ammunition database (see section 7.3.1). Any suspected loss or theft shall be reported immediately and investigated according to the SOP (see MOSAIC 5.20 for an investigative report template as well as UN SOP Ref.2017.22 on Loss of Weapons and Ammunition in Peace Operations).Weapons and ammunition must be taken from a store only by personnel who are authorized to do so. These personnel and their affiliation should be identified and authenticated before removing the materiel. The details of personnel removing and returning materiel should be recorded in a log, identifying their name, affiliation and signature, dates and times, weapons\/ammunition details and the purpose of removal.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":743, "Sentence":"Any suspected loss or theft shall be reported immediately and investigated according to the SOP (see MOSAIC 5.20 for an investigative report template as well as UN SOP Ref.2017.22 on Loss of Weapons and Ammunition in Peace Operations).Weapons and ammunition must be taken from a store only by personnel who are authorized to do so.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament suspected loss theft shall reported immediately investigated according sop see mosaic 5.20 investigative report template well un sop ref.2017.22 loss weapon ammunition peace operations.weapons ammunition must taken store personnel authorized ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"The safety and security of collected weapons, ammunition and explosives shall be a primary concern. This is because the diversion of materiel or an unplanned storage explosion would have an immediate negative impact on the credibility and the objectives of the whole DDR programme, while also posing a serious safety and security risk. DDR programmes very rarely have appropriate storage infrastructure at their disposal, and most are therefore required to build their own temporary structures, for example, using shipping containers. Conventional arms and ammunition can be stored effectively and safely in these temporary facilities if they comply with international guidelines including IATG 04.10 on Field Storage, IATG 04.20 on Temporary Storage and MOSAIC 5.20 on Stockpile Management.The stockpile management phase shall be as short as possible. The sooner that collected weapons and ammunition are disposed of (see section 8), the better in terms of (1) security and safety risks; (2) improved confidence and trust; and (3) a lower requirement for personnel and funding.Post-collection storage shall be planned before the start of the collection phase with the support of a qualified DDR WAM adviser who will determine the size, location, staff and equipment required based on the findings of the integrated assessment (see section 5.1). The SOP should identify the actors responsible for securing storage sites, and a risk assessment shall be conducted by a WAM adviser in order to determine the optimal locations for storage facilities, including appropriate safety distances. The assessment shall also help identify priorities in terms of security measures to be adopted with regards to physical protection (see DDR WAM Handbook Unit 16).The content of DDR storage sites shall be checked and verified on a regular basis against the DDR weapons and ammunition database (see section 7.3.1). Any suspected loss or theft shall be reported immediately and investigated according to the SOP (see MOSAIC 5.20 for an investigative report template as well as UN SOP Ref.2017.22 on Loss of Weapons and Ammunition in Peace Operations).Weapons and ammunition must be taken from a store only by personnel who are authorized to do so. These personnel and their affiliation should be identified and authenticated before removing the materiel. The details of personnel removing and returning materiel should be recorded in a log, identifying their name, affiliation and signature, dates and times, weapons\/ammunition details and the purpose of removal.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":743, "Sentence":"These personnel and their affiliation should be identified and authenticated before removing the materiel.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament personnel affiliation identified authenticated removing materiel ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"The safety and security of collected weapons, ammunition and explosives shall be a primary concern. This is because the diversion of materiel or an unplanned storage explosion would have an immediate negative impact on the credibility and the objectives of the whole DDR programme, while also posing a serious safety and security risk. DDR programmes very rarely have appropriate storage infrastructure at their disposal, and most are therefore required to build their own temporary structures, for example, using shipping containers. Conventional arms and ammunition can be stored effectively and safely in these temporary facilities if they comply with international guidelines including IATG 04.10 on Field Storage, IATG 04.20 on Temporary Storage and MOSAIC 5.20 on Stockpile Management.The stockpile management phase shall be as short as possible. The sooner that collected weapons and ammunition are disposed of (see section 8), the better in terms of (1) security and safety risks; (2) improved confidence and trust; and (3) a lower requirement for personnel and funding.Post-collection storage shall be planned before the start of the collection phase with the support of a qualified DDR WAM adviser who will determine the size, location, staff and equipment required based on the findings of the integrated assessment (see section 5.1). The SOP should identify the actors responsible for securing storage sites, and a risk assessment shall be conducted by a WAM adviser in order to determine the optimal locations for storage facilities, including appropriate safety distances. The assessment shall also help identify priorities in terms of security measures to be adopted with regards to physical protection (see DDR WAM Handbook Unit 16).The content of DDR storage sites shall be checked and verified on a regular basis against the DDR weapons and ammunition database (see section 7.3.1). Any suspected loss or theft shall be reported immediately and investigated according to the SOP (see MOSAIC 5.20 for an investigative report template as well as UN SOP Ref.2017.22 on Loss of Weapons and Ammunition in Peace Operations).Weapons and ammunition must be taken from a store only by personnel who are authorized to do so. These personnel and their affiliation should be identified and authenticated before removing the materiel. The details of personnel removing and returning materiel should be recorded in a log, identifying their name, affiliation and signature, dates and times, weapons\/ammunition details and the purpose of removal.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":743, "Sentence":"The details of personnel removing and returning materiel should be recorded in a log, identifying their name, affiliation and signature, dates and times, weapons\/ammunition details and the purpose of removal.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament detail personnel removing returning materiel recorded log identifying name affiliation signature date time weapons\/ammunition detail purpose removal ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Storing weapons", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"The storage of weapons is less technical than that of ammunition and explosives, with the primary risks being loss and theft due to poor management. Although options for security measures are often quite limited in the field, in order to prevent or delay theft, containers should be equipped with fixed racks on which weapons can be secured with chains or steel cables affixed with padlocks. Some light weapons that contain explosive components, such as man-portable air- defence systems, will present explosive hazards and should be stored with other explosive materiel, in line with guidance on Compatibility Groups as defined by IATG 01.50 on UN Explosive Hazard Classification Systems and Codes.To allow for effective management and stocktaking, weapons that have been collected should be tagged. Most DDR programmes use handwritten tags, including the serial number and a tag number, which are registered in the DDR database. However, this method is not effective in the long term and, more recently, DDR components have been using purpose-made bar code tags, allowing for electronic reading, including with a smartphone.A physical stock check by number and type of arms should be conducted on a weekly basis in each storage facility, and the serial numbers of no less than 10 per cent of arms should be checked against the DDR weapons and ammunition database. Every six months, a 100 per cent physical stock check by quantity, type and serial number should be conducted, and records of storage checks should be kept for review and audit processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":744, "Sentence":"The storage of weapons is less technical than that of ammunition and explosives, with the primary risks being loss and theft due to poor management.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament storage weapon le technical ammunition explosive primary risk loss theft due poor management ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Storing weapons", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"The storage of weapons is less technical than that of ammunition and explosives, with the primary risks being loss and theft due to poor management. Although options for security measures are often quite limited in the field, in order to prevent or delay theft, containers should be equipped with fixed racks on which weapons can be secured with chains or steel cables affixed with padlocks. Some light weapons that contain explosive components, such as man-portable air- defence systems, will present explosive hazards and should be stored with other explosive materiel, in line with guidance on Compatibility Groups as defined by IATG 01.50 on UN Explosive Hazard Classification Systems and Codes.To allow for effective management and stocktaking, weapons that have been collected should be tagged. Most DDR programmes use handwritten tags, including the serial number and a tag number, which are registered in the DDR database. However, this method is not effective in the long term and, more recently, DDR components have been using purpose-made bar code tags, allowing for electronic reading, including with a smartphone.A physical stock check by number and type of arms should be conducted on a weekly basis in each storage facility, and the serial numbers of no less than 10 per cent of arms should be checked against the DDR weapons and ammunition database. Every six months, a 100 per cent physical stock check by quantity, type and serial number should be conducted, and records of storage checks should be kept for review and audit processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":744, "Sentence":"Although options for security measures are often quite limited in the field, in order to prevent or delay theft, containers should be equipped with fixed racks on which weapons can be secured with chains or steel cables affixed with padlocks.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament although option security measure often quite limited field order prevent delay theft container equipped fixed rack weapon secured chain steel cable affixed padlock ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Storing weapons", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"The storage of weapons is less technical than that of ammunition and explosives, with the primary risks being loss and theft due to poor management. Although options for security measures are often quite limited in the field, in order to prevent or delay theft, containers should be equipped with fixed racks on which weapons can be secured with chains or steel cables affixed with padlocks. Some light weapons that contain explosive components, such as man-portable air- defence systems, will present explosive hazards and should be stored with other explosive materiel, in line with guidance on Compatibility Groups as defined by IATG 01.50 on UN Explosive Hazard Classification Systems and Codes.To allow for effective management and stocktaking, weapons that have been collected should be tagged. Most DDR programmes use handwritten tags, including the serial number and a tag number, which are registered in the DDR database. However, this method is not effective in the long term and, more recently, DDR components have been using purpose-made bar code tags, allowing for electronic reading, including with a smartphone.A physical stock check by number and type of arms should be conducted on a weekly basis in each storage facility, and the serial numbers of no less than 10 per cent of arms should be checked against the DDR weapons and ammunition database. Every six months, a 100 per cent physical stock check by quantity, type and serial number should be conducted, and records of storage checks should be kept for review and audit processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":744, "Sentence":"Some light weapons that contain explosive components, such as man-portable air- defence systems, will present explosive hazards and should be stored with other explosive materiel, in line with guidance on Compatibility Groups as defined by IATG 01.50 on UN Explosive Hazard Classification Systems and Codes.To allow for effective management and stocktaking, weapons that have been collected should be tagged.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament light weapon contain explosive component manportable air defence system present explosive hazard stored explosive materiel line guidance compatibility group defined iatg 01.50 un explosive hazard classification system codes.to allow effective management stocktaking weapon collected tagged ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Storing weapons", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"The storage of weapons is less technical than that of ammunition and explosives, with the primary risks being loss and theft due to poor management. Although options for security measures are often quite limited in the field, in order to prevent or delay theft, containers should be equipped with fixed racks on which weapons can be secured with chains or steel cables affixed with padlocks. Some light weapons that contain explosive components, such as man-portable air- defence systems, will present explosive hazards and should be stored with other explosive materiel, in line with guidance on Compatibility Groups as defined by IATG 01.50 on UN Explosive Hazard Classification Systems and Codes.To allow for effective management and stocktaking, weapons that have been collected should be tagged. Most DDR programmes use handwritten tags, including the serial number and a tag number, which are registered in the DDR database. However, this method is not effective in the long term and, more recently, DDR components have been using purpose-made bar code tags, allowing for electronic reading, including with a smartphone.A physical stock check by number and type of arms should be conducted on a weekly basis in each storage facility, and the serial numbers of no less than 10 per cent of arms should be checked against the DDR weapons and ammunition database. Every six months, a 100 per cent physical stock check by quantity, type and serial number should be conducted, and records of storage checks should be kept for review and audit processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":744, "Sentence":"Most DDR programmes use handwritten tags, including the serial number and a tag number, which are registered in the DDR database.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ddr programme use handwritten tag including serial number tag number registered ddr database ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Storing weapons", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"The storage of weapons is less technical than that of ammunition and explosives, with the primary risks being loss and theft due to poor management. Although options for security measures are often quite limited in the field, in order to prevent or delay theft, containers should be equipped with fixed racks on which weapons can be secured with chains or steel cables affixed with padlocks. Some light weapons that contain explosive components, such as man-portable air- defence systems, will present explosive hazards and should be stored with other explosive materiel, in line with guidance on Compatibility Groups as defined by IATG 01.50 on UN Explosive Hazard Classification Systems and Codes.To allow for effective management and stocktaking, weapons that have been collected should be tagged. Most DDR programmes use handwritten tags, including the serial number and a tag number, which are registered in the DDR database. However, this method is not effective in the long term and, more recently, DDR components have been using purpose-made bar code tags, allowing for electronic reading, including with a smartphone.A physical stock check by number and type of arms should be conducted on a weekly basis in each storage facility, and the serial numbers of no less than 10 per cent of arms should be checked against the DDR weapons and ammunition database. Every six months, a 100 per cent physical stock check by quantity, type and serial number should be conducted, and records of storage checks should be kept for review and audit processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":744, "Sentence":"However, this method is not effective in the long term and, more recently, DDR components have been using purpose-made bar code tags, allowing for electronic reading, including with a smartphone.A physical stock check by number and type of arms should be conducted on a weekly basis in each storage facility, and the serial numbers of no less than 10 per cent of arms should be checked against the DDR weapons and ammunition database.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament however method effective long term recently ddr component using purposemade bar code tag allowing electronic reading including smartphone.a physical stock check number type arm conducted weekly basis storage facility serial number le 10 per cent arm checked ddr weapon ammunition database ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Storing weapons", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"The storage of weapons is less technical than that of ammunition and explosives, with the primary risks being loss and theft due to poor management. Although options for security measures are often quite limited in the field, in order to prevent or delay theft, containers should be equipped with fixed racks on which weapons can be secured with chains or steel cables affixed with padlocks. Some light weapons that contain explosive components, such as man-portable air- defence systems, will present explosive hazards and should be stored with other explosive materiel, in line with guidance on Compatibility Groups as defined by IATG 01.50 on UN Explosive Hazard Classification Systems and Codes.To allow for effective management and stocktaking, weapons that have been collected should be tagged. Most DDR programmes use handwritten tags, including the serial number and a tag number, which are registered in the DDR database. However, this method is not effective in the long term and, more recently, DDR components have been using purpose-made bar code tags, allowing for electronic reading, including with a smartphone.A physical stock check by number and type of arms should be conducted on a weekly basis in each storage facility, and the serial numbers of no less than 10 per cent of arms should be checked against the DDR weapons and ammunition database. Every six months, a 100 per cent physical stock check by quantity, type and serial number should be conducted, and records of storage checks should be kept for review and audit processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":744, "Sentence":"Every six months, a 100 per cent physical stock check by quantity, type and serial number should be conducted, and records of storage checks should be kept for review and audit processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament every six month 100 per cent physical stock check quantity type serial number conducted record storage check kept review audit process ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"7.3.2 Storing ammunition and explosives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The storage of ammunition and explosives, other than for small arms and machine guns (1.4 UN Hazard Division), requires highly qualified personnel, as the risks related to this materiel are substantial. Technical guidance to minimize the risk of accidents and their effects is very specific with regards to storing ammunition and explosives in line with Compatibility Groups (see IATG 01.50) and distances (see IATG 2.20). Ammunition collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme is often of unknown status and may have been stored in non-optimal environmental conditions (e.g., high temperature\/high humidity) that render ammunition unsafe. A thorough risk assessment of ammunition storage facilities shall be carried out by the WAM adviser. A range of quantitative and qualitative methods for this assessment are available in IATG 2.10.In accordance with the IATG, all ammunition storage facilities should be at a minimum of Risk-Reduction Process Level 1 compliance (see IATG 12.20) in order to mitigate the risk of explosions and diversion. A physical stock check by quantity and type of ammunition should be conducted on a weekly basis.An accessible demolition area that can be used for the destruction of ammunition deemed unsafe and at risk of detonation or deflagration should be identified.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":745, "Sentence":"The storage of ammunition and explosives, other than for small arms and machine guns (1.4 UN Hazard Division), requires highly qualified personnel, as the risks related to this materiel are substantial.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament storage ammunition explosive small arm machine gun 1.4 un hazard division requires highly qualified personnel risk related materiel substantial ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"7.3.2 Storing ammunition and explosives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The storage of ammunition and explosives, other than for small arms and machine guns (1.4 UN Hazard Division), requires highly qualified personnel, as the risks related to this materiel are substantial. Technical guidance to minimize the risk of accidents and their effects is very specific with regards to storing ammunition and explosives in line with Compatibility Groups (see IATG 01.50) and distances (see IATG 2.20). Ammunition collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme is often of unknown status and may have been stored in non-optimal environmental conditions (e.g., high temperature\/high humidity) that render ammunition unsafe. A thorough risk assessment of ammunition storage facilities shall be carried out by the WAM adviser. A range of quantitative and qualitative methods for this assessment are available in IATG 2.10.In accordance with the IATG, all ammunition storage facilities should be at a minimum of Risk-Reduction Process Level 1 compliance (see IATG 12.20) in order to mitigate the risk of explosions and diversion. A physical stock check by quantity and type of ammunition should be conducted on a weekly basis.An accessible demolition area that can be used for the destruction of ammunition deemed unsafe and at risk of detonation or deflagration should be identified.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":745, "Sentence":"Technical guidance to minimize the risk of accidents and their effects is very specific with regards to storing ammunition and explosives in line with Compatibility Groups (see IATG 01.50) and distances (see IATG 2.20).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament technical guidance minimize risk accident effect specific regard storing ammunition explosive line compatibility group see iatg 01.50 distance see iatg 2.20 ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"7.3.2 Storing ammunition and explosives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The storage of ammunition and explosives, other than for small arms and machine guns (1.4 UN Hazard Division), requires highly qualified personnel, as the risks related to this materiel are substantial. Technical guidance to minimize the risk of accidents and their effects is very specific with regards to storing ammunition and explosives in line with Compatibility Groups (see IATG 01.50) and distances (see IATG 2.20). Ammunition collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme is often of unknown status and may have been stored in non-optimal environmental conditions (e.g., high temperature\/high humidity) that render ammunition unsafe. A thorough risk assessment of ammunition storage facilities shall be carried out by the WAM adviser. A range of quantitative and qualitative methods for this assessment are available in IATG 2.10.In accordance with the IATG, all ammunition storage facilities should be at a minimum of Risk-Reduction Process Level 1 compliance (see IATG 12.20) in order to mitigate the risk of explosions and diversion. A physical stock check by quantity and type of ammunition should be conducted on a weekly basis.An accessible demolition area that can be used for the destruction of ammunition deemed unsafe and at risk of detonation or deflagration should be identified.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":745, "Sentence":"Ammunition collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme is often of unknown status and may have been stored in non-optimal environmental conditions (e.g., high temperature\/high humidity) that render ammunition unsafe.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ammunition collected disarmament phase ddr programme often unknown status may stored nonoptimal environmental condition e.g . high temperature\/high humidity render ammunition unsafe ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"7.3.2 Storing ammunition and explosives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The storage of ammunition and explosives, other than for small arms and machine guns (1.4 UN Hazard Division), requires highly qualified personnel, as the risks related to this materiel are substantial. Technical guidance to minimize the risk of accidents and their effects is very specific with regards to storing ammunition and explosives in line with Compatibility Groups (see IATG 01.50) and distances (see IATG 2.20). Ammunition collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme is often of unknown status and may have been stored in non-optimal environmental conditions (e.g., high temperature\/high humidity) that render ammunition unsafe. A thorough risk assessment of ammunition storage facilities shall be carried out by the WAM adviser. A range of quantitative and qualitative methods for this assessment are available in IATG 2.10.In accordance with the IATG, all ammunition storage facilities should be at a minimum of Risk-Reduction Process Level 1 compliance (see IATG 12.20) in order to mitigate the risk of explosions and diversion. A physical stock check by quantity and type of ammunition should be conducted on a weekly basis.An accessible demolition area that can be used for the destruction of ammunition deemed unsafe and at risk of detonation or deflagration should be identified.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":745, "Sentence":"A thorough risk assessment of ammunition storage facilities shall be carried out by the WAM adviser.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament thorough risk assessment ammunition storage facility shall carried wam adviser ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"7.3.2 Storing ammunition and explosives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The storage of ammunition and explosives, other than for small arms and machine guns (1.4 UN Hazard Division), requires highly qualified personnel, as the risks related to this materiel are substantial. Technical guidance to minimize the risk of accidents and their effects is very specific with regards to storing ammunition and explosives in line with Compatibility Groups (see IATG 01.50) and distances (see IATG 2.20). Ammunition collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme is often of unknown status and may have been stored in non-optimal environmental conditions (e.g., high temperature\/high humidity) that render ammunition unsafe. A thorough risk assessment of ammunition storage facilities shall be carried out by the WAM adviser. A range of quantitative and qualitative methods for this assessment are available in IATG 2.10.In accordance with the IATG, all ammunition storage facilities should be at a minimum of Risk-Reduction Process Level 1 compliance (see IATG 12.20) in order to mitigate the risk of explosions and diversion. A physical stock check by quantity and type of ammunition should be conducted on a weekly basis.An accessible demolition area that can be used for the destruction of ammunition deemed unsafe and at risk of detonation or deflagration should be identified.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":745, "Sentence":"A range of quantitative and qualitative methods for this assessment are available in IATG 2.10.In accordance with the IATG, all ammunition storage facilities should be at a minimum of Risk-Reduction Process Level 1 compliance (see IATG 12.20) in order to mitigate the risk of explosions and diversion.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament range quantitative qualitative method assessment available iatg 2.10.in accordance iatg ammunition storage facility minimum riskreduction process level 1 compliance see iatg 12.20 order mitigate risk explosion diversion ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"7. Evaluations", "Heading2":"7.3 Storage", "Heading3":"7.3.2 Storing ammunition and explosives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The storage of ammunition and explosives, other than for small arms and machine guns (1.4 UN Hazard Division), requires highly qualified personnel, as the risks related to this materiel are substantial. Technical guidance to minimize the risk of accidents and their effects is very specific with regards to storing ammunition and explosives in line with Compatibility Groups (see IATG 01.50) and distances (see IATG 2.20). Ammunition collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme is often of unknown status and may have been stored in non-optimal environmental conditions (e.g., high temperature\/high humidity) that render ammunition unsafe. A thorough risk assessment of ammunition storage facilities shall be carried out by the WAM adviser. A range of quantitative and qualitative methods for this assessment are available in IATG 2.10.In accordance with the IATG, all ammunition storage facilities should be at a minimum of Risk-Reduction Process Level 1 compliance (see IATG 12.20) in order to mitigate the risk of explosions and diversion. A physical stock check by quantity and type of ammunition should be conducted on a weekly basis.An accessible demolition area that can be used for the destruction of ammunition deemed unsafe and at risk of detonation or deflagration should be identified.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":745, "Sentence":"A physical stock check by quantity and type of ammunition should be conducted on a weekly basis.An accessible demolition area that can be used for the destruction of ammunition deemed unsafe and at risk of detonation or deflagration should be identified.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament physical stock check quantity type ammunition conducted weekly basis.an accessible demolition area used destruction ammunition deemed unsafe risk detonation deflagration identified ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Destruction shall be the preferred method of disposal of materiel collected through DDR. However, other options may be possible, including the transfer of materiel to national stockpiles and the deactivation of weapons. Operations should be safe, cost-effective and environmentally benign.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":746, "Sentence":"Destruction shall be the preferred method of disposal of materiel collected through DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament destruction shall preferred method disposal materiel collected ddr ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Destruction shall be the preferred method of disposal of materiel collected through DDR. However, other options may be possible, including the transfer of materiel to national stockpiles and the deactivation of weapons. Operations should be safe, cost-effective and environmentally benign.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":746, "Sentence":"However, other options may be possible, including the transfer of materiel to national stockpiles and the deactivation of weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament however option may possible including transfer materiel national stockpile deactivation weapon ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Destruction shall be the preferred method of disposal of materiel collected through DDR. However, other options may be possible, including the transfer of materiel to national stockpiles and the deactivation of weapons. Operations should be safe, cost-effective and environmentally benign.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":746, "Sentence":"Operations should be safe, cost-effective and environmentally benign.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament operation safe costeffective environmentally benign ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Destruction reduces the flow of illicit arms and ammunition in circulation and removes the risk of materiel being diverted (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Arms and ammunition that are surrendered during disarmament operations are in an unknown state and likely hazardous, and their markings may have been altered or removed. The destruction of arms and ammunition during a DDR programme is a highly symbolic gesture and serves as a strong confidence-building measure if performed and verified transparently. Furthermore, destruction is usually less financially burdensome than storing and guarding arms and ammunition in accordance with global guidelines.Obtaining agreement from the appropriate authorities to proceed usually takes time, resulting in delays and related risks of diversion or unplanned explosions. Disposal methods should therefore be decided upon with the national authorities at an early stage and clearly stated in the national DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former warring parties is key to building trust in DDR and the entire peace process. A clear plan for destruction should be established by the DDR component or the lead UN agency(ies) with the support of WAM advisers, including the most suitable method for destruction (see Annex E), the development of an SOP, the location, as well as options for the processing and monitoring of scrap metal recycling, if relevant, and the associated costs of the destruction process. The plan shall also provide for the monitoring of the destruction by a third party to ensure that the process was efficient and that all materiel is accounted for to avoid diversion. The physical destruction of weapons is much simpler and safer than the physical destruction of ammunition, which requires highly qualified personnel and a thorough risk assessment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":747, "Sentence":"Destruction reduces the flow of illicit arms and ammunition in circulation and removes the risk of materiel being diverted (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament destruction reduces flow illicit arm ammunition circulation remove risk materiel diverted see iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammunition management ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Destruction reduces the flow of illicit arms and ammunition in circulation and removes the risk of materiel being diverted (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Arms and ammunition that are surrendered during disarmament operations are in an unknown state and likely hazardous, and their markings may have been altered or removed. The destruction of arms and ammunition during a DDR programme is a highly symbolic gesture and serves as a strong confidence-building measure if performed and verified transparently. Furthermore, destruction is usually less financially burdensome than storing and guarding arms and ammunition in accordance with global guidelines.Obtaining agreement from the appropriate authorities to proceed usually takes time, resulting in delays and related risks of diversion or unplanned explosions. Disposal methods should therefore be decided upon with the national authorities at an early stage and clearly stated in the national DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former warring parties is key to building trust in DDR and the entire peace process. A clear plan for destruction should be established by the DDR component or the lead UN agency(ies) with the support of WAM advisers, including the most suitable method for destruction (see Annex E), the development of an SOP, the location, as well as options for the processing and monitoring of scrap metal recycling, if relevant, and the associated costs of the destruction process. The plan shall also provide for the monitoring of the destruction by a third party to ensure that the process was efficient and that all materiel is accounted for to avoid diversion. The physical destruction of weapons is much simpler and safer than the physical destruction of ammunition, which requires highly qualified personnel and a thorough risk assessment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":747, "Sentence":"Arms and ammunition that are surrendered during disarmament operations are in an unknown state and likely hazardous, and their markings may have been altered or removed.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament arm ammunition surrendered disarmament operation unknown state likely hazardous marking may altered removed ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Destruction reduces the flow of illicit arms and ammunition in circulation and removes the risk of materiel being diverted (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Arms and ammunition that are surrendered during disarmament operations are in an unknown state and likely hazardous, and their markings may have been altered or removed. The destruction of arms and ammunition during a DDR programme is a highly symbolic gesture and serves as a strong confidence-building measure if performed and verified transparently. Furthermore, destruction is usually less financially burdensome than storing and guarding arms and ammunition in accordance with global guidelines.Obtaining agreement from the appropriate authorities to proceed usually takes time, resulting in delays and related risks of diversion or unplanned explosions. Disposal methods should therefore be decided upon with the national authorities at an early stage and clearly stated in the national DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former warring parties is key to building trust in DDR and the entire peace process. A clear plan for destruction should be established by the DDR component or the lead UN agency(ies) with the support of WAM advisers, including the most suitable method for destruction (see Annex E), the development of an SOP, the location, as well as options for the processing and monitoring of scrap metal recycling, if relevant, and the associated costs of the destruction process. The plan shall also provide for the monitoring of the destruction by a third party to ensure that the process was efficient and that all materiel is accounted for to avoid diversion. The physical destruction of weapons is much simpler and safer than the physical destruction of ammunition, which requires highly qualified personnel and a thorough risk assessment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":747, "Sentence":"The destruction of arms and ammunition during a DDR programme is a highly symbolic gesture and serves as a strong confidence-building measure if performed and verified transparently.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament destruction arm ammunition ddr programme highly symbolic gesture serf strong confidencebuilding measure performed verified transparently ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Destruction reduces the flow of illicit arms and ammunition in circulation and removes the risk of materiel being diverted (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Arms and ammunition that are surrendered during disarmament operations are in an unknown state and likely hazardous, and their markings may have been altered or removed. The destruction of arms and ammunition during a DDR programme is a highly symbolic gesture and serves as a strong confidence-building measure if performed and verified transparently. Furthermore, destruction is usually less financially burdensome than storing and guarding arms and ammunition in accordance with global guidelines.Obtaining agreement from the appropriate authorities to proceed usually takes time, resulting in delays and related risks of diversion or unplanned explosions. Disposal methods should therefore be decided upon with the national authorities at an early stage and clearly stated in the national DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former warring parties is key to building trust in DDR and the entire peace process. A clear plan for destruction should be established by the DDR component or the lead UN agency(ies) with the support of WAM advisers, including the most suitable method for destruction (see Annex E), the development of an SOP, the location, as well as options for the processing and monitoring of scrap metal recycling, if relevant, and the associated costs of the destruction process. The plan shall also provide for the monitoring of the destruction by a third party to ensure that the process was efficient and that all materiel is accounted for to avoid diversion. The physical destruction of weapons is much simpler and safer than the physical destruction of ammunition, which requires highly qualified personnel and a thorough risk assessment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":747, "Sentence":"Furthermore, destruction is usually less financially burdensome than storing and guarding arms and ammunition in accordance with global guidelines.Obtaining agreement from the appropriate authorities to proceed usually takes time, resulting in delays and related risks of diversion or unplanned explosions.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament furthermore destruction usually le financially burdensome storing guarding arm ammunition accordance global guidelines.obtaining agreement appropriate authority proceed usually take time resulting delay related risk diversion unplanned explosion ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Destruction reduces the flow of illicit arms and ammunition in circulation and removes the risk of materiel being diverted (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Arms and ammunition that are surrendered during disarmament operations are in an unknown state and likely hazardous, and their markings may have been altered or removed. The destruction of arms and ammunition during a DDR programme is a highly symbolic gesture and serves as a strong confidence-building measure if performed and verified transparently. Furthermore, destruction is usually less financially burdensome than storing and guarding arms and ammunition in accordance with global guidelines.Obtaining agreement from the appropriate authorities to proceed usually takes time, resulting in delays and related risks of diversion or unplanned explosions. Disposal methods should therefore be decided upon with the national authorities at an early stage and clearly stated in the national DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former warring parties is key to building trust in DDR and the entire peace process. A clear plan for destruction should be established by the DDR component or the lead UN agency(ies) with the support of WAM advisers, including the most suitable method for destruction (see Annex E), the development of an SOP, the location, as well as options for the processing and monitoring of scrap metal recycling, if relevant, and the associated costs of the destruction process. The plan shall also provide for the monitoring of the destruction by a third party to ensure that the process was efficient and that all materiel is accounted for to avoid diversion. The physical destruction of weapons is much simpler and safer than the physical destruction of ammunition, which requires highly qualified personnel and a thorough risk assessment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":747, "Sentence":"Disposal methods should therefore be decided upon with the national authorities at an early stage and clearly stated in the national DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament disposal method therefore decided upon national authority early stage clearly stated national ddr programme ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Destruction reduces the flow of illicit arms and ammunition in circulation and removes the risk of materiel being diverted (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Arms and ammunition that are surrendered during disarmament operations are in an unknown state and likely hazardous, and their markings may have been altered or removed. The destruction of arms and ammunition during a DDR programme is a highly symbolic gesture and serves as a strong confidence-building measure if performed and verified transparently. Furthermore, destruction is usually less financially burdensome than storing and guarding arms and ammunition in accordance with global guidelines.Obtaining agreement from the appropriate authorities to proceed usually takes time, resulting in delays and related risks of diversion or unplanned explosions. Disposal methods should therefore be decided upon with the national authorities at an early stage and clearly stated in the national DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former warring parties is key to building trust in DDR and the entire peace process. A clear plan for destruction should be established by the DDR component or the lead UN agency(ies) with the support of WAM advisers, including the most suitable method for destruction (see Annex E), the development of an SOP, the location, as well as options for the processing and monitoring of scrap metal recycling, if relevant, and the associated costs of the destruction process. The plan shall also provide for the monitoring of the destruction by a third party to ensure that the process was efficient and that all materiel is accounted for to avoid diversion. The physical destruction of weapons is much simpler and safer than the physical destruction of ammunition, which requires highly qualified personnel and a thorough risk assessment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":747, "Sentence":"Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former warring parties is key to building trust in DDR and the entire peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament transparency disposal weapon ammunition collected former warring party key building trust ddr entire peace process ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Destruction reduces the flow of illicit arms and ammunition in circulation and removes the risk of materiel being diverted (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Arms and ammunition that are surrendered during disarmament operations are in an unknown state and likely hazardous, and their markings may have been altered or removed. The destruction of arms and ammunition during a DDR programme is a highly symbolic gesture and serves as a strong confidence-building measure if performed and verified transparently. Furthermore, destruction is usually less financially burdensome than storing and guarding arms and ammunition in accordance with global guidelines.Obtaining agreement from the appropriate authorities to proceed usually takes time, resulting in delays and related risks of diversion or unplanned explosions. Disposal methods should therefore be decided upon with the national authorities at an early stage and clearly stated in the national DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former warring parties is key to building trust in DDR and the entire peace process. A clear plan for destruction should be established by the DDR component or the lead UN agency(ies) with the support of WAM advisers, including the most suitable method for destruction (see Annex E), the development of an SOP, the location, as well as options for the processing and monitoring of scrap metal recycling, if relevant, and the associated costs of the destruction process. The plan shall also provide for the monitoring of the destruction by a third party to ensure that the process was efficient and that all materiel is accounted for to avoid diversion. The physical destruction of weapons is much simpler and safer than the physical destruction of ammunition, which requires highly qualified personnel and a thorough risk assessment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":747, "Sentence":"A clear plan for destruction should be established by the DDR component or the lead UN agency(ies) with the support of WAM advisers, including the most suitable method for destruction (see Annex E), the development of an SOP, the location, as well as options for the processing and monitoring of scrap metal recycling, if relevant, and the associated costs of the destruction process.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament clear plan destruction established ddr component lead un agencyies support wam adviser including suitable method destruction see annex e development sop location well option processing monitoring scrap metal recycling relevant associated cost destruction process ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Destruction reduces the flow of illicit arms and ammunition in circulation and removes the risk of materiel being diverted (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Arms and ammunition that are surrendered during disarmament operations are in an unknown state and likely hazardous, and their markings may have been altered or removed. The destruction of arms and ammunition during a DDR programme is a highly symbolic gesture and serves as a strong confidence-building measure if performed and verified transparently. Furthermore, destruction is usually less financially burdensome than storing and guarding arms and ammunition in accordance with global guidelines.Obtaining agreement from the appropriate authorities to proceed usually takes time, resulting in delays and related risks of diversion or unplanned explosions. Disposal methods should therefore be decided upon with the national authorities at an early stage and clearly stated in the national DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former warring parties is key to building trust in DDR and the entire peace process. A clear plan for destruction should be established by the DDR component or the lead UN agency(ies) with the support of WAM advisers, including the most suitable method for destruction (see Annex E), the development of an SOP, the location, as well as options for the processing and monitoring of scrap metal recycling, if relevant, and the associated costs of the destruction process. The plan shall also provide for the monitoring of the destruction by a third party to ensure that the process was efficient and that all materiel is accounted for to avoid diversion. The physical destruction of weapons is much simpler and safer than the physical destruction of ammunition, which requires highly qualified personnel and a thorough risk assessment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":747, "Sentence":"The plan shall also provide for the monitoring of the destruction by a third party to ensure that the process was efficient and that all materiel is accounted for to avoid diversion.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament plan shall also provide monitoring destruction third party ensure process efficient materiel accounted avoid diversion ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Destruction reduces the flow of illicit arms and ammunition in circulation and removes the risk of materiel being diverted (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Arms and ammunition that are surrendered during disarmament operations are in an unknown state and likely hazardous, and their markings may have been altered or removed. The destruction of arms and ammunition during a DDR programme is a highly symbolic gesture and serves as a strong confidence-building measure if performed and verified transparently. Furthermore, destruction is usually less financially burdensome than storing and guarding arms and ammunition in accordance with global guidelines.Obtaining agreement from the appropriate authorities to proceed usually takes time, resulting in delays and related risks of diversion or unplanned explosions. Disposal methods should therefore be decided upon with the national authorities at an early stage and clearly stated in the national DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former warring parties is key to building trust in DDR and the entire peace process. A clear plan for destruction should be established by the DDR component or the lead UN agency(ies) with the support of WAM advisers, including the most suitable method for destruction (see Annex E), the development of an SOP, the location, as well as options for the processing and monitoring of scrap metal recycling, if relevant, and the associated costs of the destruction process. The plan shall also provide for the monitoring of the destruction by a third party to ensure that the process was efficient and that all materiel is accounted for to avoid diversion. The physical destruction of weapons is much simpler and safer than the physical destruction of ammunition, which requires highly qualified personnel and a thorough risk assessment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":747, "Sentence":"The physical destruction of weapons is much simpler and safer than the physical destruction of ammunition, which requires highly qualified personnel and a thorough risk assessment.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament physical destruction weapon much simpler safer physical destruction ammunition requires highly qualified personnel thorough risk assessment ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"8.1.1 Destruction of weapons", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"In most existing DDR programmes, due to the absence of an industrial steel smelting facility to melt down small arms, cutting is the preferred method of destruction, particularly where quantities of weapons are limited and where it is logistically easier and safer to take the cutting tool to the weapons rather than vice versa. If not done correctly, cutting carries the risk that the parts may be re-used to produce new weapons. Cutting is also labour intensive and produces significant quantities of scrap metal. (See Annex E to select the most suitable method of destruction.)With regards to heavy weapons, demilitarization by dismantling and recycling should be the preferred disposal option for the majority of these systems. The market for conversion to civilian use is very limited. This is because sale is also a proliferation risk and reputable end users are rare. The demilitarization by dismantling and recycling technique involves the cleaning and dismantling\/cutting of the vehicle but results in significant quantities of scrap. If a large quantity of heavy weapons is to be destroyed, financial planning could include the value of the scrap recovered.8 It is also important to maintain strict control over weapons designated for destruction to prevent the risk of their entry into the illicit market before the destruction takes place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":748, "Sentence":"In most existing DDR programmes, due to the absence of an industrial steel smelting facility to melt down small arms, cutting is the preferred method of destruction, particularly where quantities of weapons are limited and where it is logistically easier and safer to take the cutting tool to the weapons rather than vice versa.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament existing ddr programme due absence industrial steel smelting facility melt small arm cutting preferred method destruction particularly quantity weapon limited logistically easier safer take cutting tool weapon rather vice versa ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"8.1.1 Destruction of weapons", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"In most existing DDR programmes, due to the absence of an industrial steel smelting facility to melt down small arms, cutting is the preferred method of destruction, particularly where quantities of weapons are limited and where it is logistically easier and safer to take the cutting tool to the weapons rather than vice versa. If not done correctly, cutting carries the risk that the parts may be re-used to produce new weapons. Cutting is also labour intensive and produces significant quantities of scrap metal. (See Annex E to select the most suitable method of destruction.)With regards to heavy weapons, demilitarization by dismantling and recycling should be the preferred disposal option for the majority of these systems. The market for conversion to civilian use is very limited. This is because sale is also a proliferation risk and reputable end users are rare. The demilitarization by dismantling and recycling technique involves the cleaning and dismantling\/cutting of the vehicle but results in significant quantities of scrap. If a large quantity of heavy weapons is to be destroyed, financial planning could include the value of the scrap recovered.8 It is also important to maintain strict control over weapons designated for destruction to prevent the risk of their entry into the illicit market before the destruction takes place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":748, "Sentence":"If not done correctly, cutting carries the risk that the parts may be re-used to produce new weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament done correctly cutting carry risk part may reused produce new weapon ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"8.1.1 Destruction of weapons", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"In most existing DDR programmes, due to the absence of an industrial steel smelting facility to melt down small arms, cutting is the preferred method of destruction, particularly where quantities of weapons are limited and where it is logistically easier and safer to take the cutting tool to the weapons rather than vice versa. If not done correctly, cutting carries the risk that the parts may be re-used to produce new weapons. Cutting is also labour intensive and produces significant quantities of scrap metal. (See Annex E to select the most suitable method of destruction.)With regards to heavy weapons, demilitarization by dismantling and recycling should be the preferred disposal option for the majority of these systems. The market for conversion to civilian use is very limited. This is because sale is also a proliferation risk and reputable end users are rare. The demilitarization by dismantling and recycling technique involves the cleaning and dismantling\/cutting of the vehicle but results in significant quantities of scrap. If a large quantity of heavy weapons is to be destroyed, financial planning could include the value of the scrap recovered.8 It is also important to maintain strict control over weapons designated for destruction to prevent the risk of their entry into the illicit market before the destruction takes place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":748, "Sentence":"Cutting is also labour intensive and produces significant quantities of scrap metal.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament cutting also labour intensive produce significant quantity scrap metal ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"8.1.1 Destruction of weapons", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"In most existing DDR programmes, due to the absence of an industrial steel smelting facility to melt down small arms, cutting is the preferred method of destruction, particularly where quantities of weapons are limited and where it is logistically easier and safer to take the cutting tool to the weapons rather than vice versa. If not done correctly, cutting carries the risk that the parts may be re-used to produce new weapons. Cutting is also labour intensive and produces significant quantities of scrap metal. (See Annex E to select the most suitable method of destruction.)With regards to heavy weapons, demilitarization by dismantling and recycling should be the preferred disposal option for the majority of these systems. The market for conversion to civilian use is very limited. This is because sale is also a proliferation risk and reputable end users are rare. The demilitarization by dismantling and recycling technique involves the cleaning and dismantling\/cutting of the vehicle but results in significant quantities of scrap. If a large quantity of heavy weapons is to be destroyed, financial planning could include the value of the scrap recovered.8 It is also important to maintain strict control over weapons designated for destruction to prevent the risk of their entry into the illicit market before the destruction takes place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":748, "Sentence":"(See Annex E to select the most suitable method of destruction.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament see annex e select suitable method destruction ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"8.1.1 Destruction of weapons", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"In most existing DDR programmes, due to the absence of an industrial steel smelting facility to melt down small arms, cutting is the preferred method of destruction, particularly where quantities of weapons are limited and where it is logistically easier and safer to take the cutting tool to the weapons rather than vice versa. If not done correctly, cutting carries the risk that the parts may be re-used to produce new weapons. Cutting is also labour intensive and produces significant quantities of scrap metal. (See Annex E to select the most suitable method of destruction.)With regards to heavy weapons, demilitarization by dismantling and recycling should be the preferred disposal option for the majority of these systems. The market for conversion to civilian use is very limited. This is because sale is also a proliferation risk and reputable end users are rare. The demilitarization by dismantling and recycling technique involves the cleaning and dismantling\/cutting of the vehicle but results in significant quantities of scrap. If a large quantity of heavy weapons is to be destroyed, financial planning could include the value of the scrap recovered.8 It is also important to maintain strict control over weapons designated for destruction to prevent the risk of their entry into the illicit market before the destruction takes place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":748, "Sentence":")With regards to heavy weapons, demilitarization by dismantling and recycling should be the preferred disposal option for the majority of these systems.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament regard heavy weapon demilitarization dismantling recycling preferred disposal option majority system ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"8.1.1 Destruction of weapons", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"In most existing DDR programmes, due to the absence of an industrial steel smelting facility to melt down small arms, cutting is the preferred method of destruction, particularly where quantities of weapons are limited and where it is logistically easier and safer to take the cutting tool to the weapons rather than vice versa. If not done correctly, cutting carries the risk that the parts may be re-used to produce new weapons. Cutting is also labour intensive and produces significant quantities of scrap metal. (See Annex E to select the most suitable method of destruction.)With regards to heavy weapons, demilitarization by dismantling and recycling should be the preferred disposal option for the majority of these systems. The market for conversion to civilian use is very limited. This is because sale is also a proliferation risk and reputable end users are rare. The demilitarization by dismantling and recycling technique involves the cleaning and dismantling\/cutting of the vehicle but results in significant quantities of scrap. If a large quantity of heavy weapons is to be destroyed, financial planning could include the value of the scrap recovered.8 It is also important to maintain strict control over weapons designated for destruction to prevent the risk of their entry into the illicit market before the destruction takes place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":748, "Sentence":"The market for conversion to civilian use is very limited.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament market conversion civilian use limited ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"8.1.1 Destruction of weapons", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"In most existing DDR programmes, due to the absence of an industrial steel smelting facility to melt down small arms, cutting is the preferred method of destruction, particularly where quantities of weapons are limited and where it is logistically easier and safer to take the cutting tool to the weapons rather than vice versa. If not done correctly, cutting carries the risk that the parts may be re-used to produce new weapons. Cutting is also labour intensive and produces significant quantities of scrap metal. (See Annex E to select the most suitable method of destruction.)With regards to heavy weapons, demilitarization by dismantling and recycling should be the preferred disposal option for the majority of these systems. The market for conversion to civilian use is very limited. This is because sale is also a proliferation risk and reputable end users are rare. The demilitarization by dismantling and recycling technique involves the cleaning and dismantling\/cutting of the vehicle but results in significant quantities of scrap. If a large quantity of heavy weapons is to be destroyed, financial planning could include the value of the scrap recovered.8 It is also important to maintain strict control over weapons designated for destruction to prevent the risk of their entry into the illicit market before the destruction takes place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":748, "Sentence":"This is because sale is also a proliferation risk and reputable end users are rare.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament sale also proliferation risk reputable end user rare ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"8.1.1 Destruction of weapons", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"In most existing DDR programmes, due to the absence of an industrial steel smelting facility to melt down small arms, cutting is the preferred method of destruction, particularly where quantities of weapons are limited and where it is logistically easier and safer to take the cutting tool to the weapons rather than vice versa. If not done correctly, cutting carries the risk that the parts may be re-used to produce new weapons. Cutting is also labour intensive and produces significant quantities of scrap metal. (See Annex E to select the most suitable method of destruction.)With regards to heavy weapons, demilitarization by dismantling and recycling should be the preferred disposal option for the majority of these systems. The market for conversion to civilian use is very limited. This is because sale is also a proliferation risk and reputable end users are rare. The demilitarization by dismantling and recycling technique involves the cleaning and dismantling\/cutting of the vehicle but results in significant quantities of scrap. If a large quantity of heavy weapons is to be destroyed, financial planning could include the value of the scrap recovered.8 It is also important to maintain strict control over weapons designated for destruction to prevent the risk of their entry into the illicit market before the destruction takes place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":748, "Sentence":"The demilitarization by dismantling and recycling technique involves the cleaning and dismantling\/cutting of the vehicle but results in significant quantities of scrap.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament demilitarization dismantling recycling technique involves cleaning dismantling\/cutting vehicle result significant quantity scrap ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"8.1.1 Destruction of weapons", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"In most existing DDR programmes, due to the absence of an industrial steel smelting facility to melt down small arms, cutting is the preferred method of destruction, particularly where quantities of weapons are limited and where it is logistically easier and safer to take the cutting tool to the weapons rather than vice versa. If not done correctly, cutting carries the risk that the parts may be re-used to produce new weapons. Cutting is also labour intensive and produces significant quantities of scrap metal. (See Annex E to select the most suitable method of destruction.)With regards to heavy weapons, demilitarization by dismantling and recycling should be the preferred disposal option for the majority of these systems. The market for conversion to civilian use is very limited. This is because sale is also a proliferation risk and reputable end users are rare. The demilitarization by dismantling and recycling technique involves the cleaning and dismantling\/cutting of the vehicle but results in significant quantities of scrap. If a large quantity of heavy weapons is to be destroyed, financial planning could include the value of the scrap recovered.8 It is also important to maintain strict control over weapons designated for destruction to prevent the risk of their entry into the illicit market before the destruction takes place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":748, "Sentence":"If a large quantity of heavy weapons is to be destroyed, financial planning could include the value of the scrap recovered.8 It is also important to maintain strict control over weapons designated for destruction to prevent the risk of their entry into the illicit market before the destruction takes place.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament large quantity heavy weapon destroyed financial planning could include value scrap recovered.8 also important maintain strict control weapon designated destruction prevent risk entry illicit market destruction take place ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"8.1.2 Destruction of ammunition", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"The safe destruction of recovered ammunition and explosives presents a variety of technical challenges, and the demolition of a large number of explosive items requires a significant degree of training. Risks inherent in destruction are significant if the procedure does not comply with strict technical guidelines (see IATG 10.10), including casualties and contamination. During the disarmament phase of a DDR programme, ammunition may need to be destroyed either at the collection point (PUP, disarmament site) because it is unsafe, or after being transferred to a secure DDR storage facility.Ammunition destruction requires a strict planning phase by WAM\/EOD advisers or engineers who should identify priorities, obtain authorization from the national authorities, select the most appropriate method (see Annex E) and location for destruction, and develop a risk assessment and security plan for the operation. The following types of ammunition should be destroyed as a priority: (a) ammunition that poses the greatest risk in terms of explosive safety, (b) ammunition that is attractive to criminals or armed groups, (c) ammunition that must be destroyed in order to comply with international obligations (for instance, anti-personnel mines for States that are party to the Mine Ban Treaty) and (d) small arms and machine gun ammunition less than 20 mm.After destruction, decontamination operations at demolition sites and demilitarization facilities should be undertaken to ensure that all recovered materials and other generated residues, including unexploded items, are appropriately treated, and that scrap and empty packaging are free from explosives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":749, "Sentence":"The safe destruction of recovered ammunition and explosives presents a variety of technical challenges, and the demolition of a large number of explosive items requires a significant degree of training.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament safe destruction recovered ammunition explosive present variety technical challenge demolition large number explosive item requires significant degree training ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"8.1.2 Destruction of ammunition", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"The safe destruction of recovered ammunition and explosives presents a variety of technical challenges, and the demolition of a large number of explosive items requires a significant degree of training. Risks inherent in destruction are significant if the procedure does not comply with strict technical guidelines (see IATG 10.10), including casualties and contamination. During the disarmament phase of a DDR programme, ammunition may need to be destroyed either at the collection point (PUP, disarmament site) because it is unsafe, or after being transferred to a secure DDR storage facility.Ammunition destruction requires a strict planning phase by WAM\/EOD advisers or engineers who should identify priorities, obtain authorization from the national authorities, select the most appropriate method (see Annex E) and location for destruction, and develop a risk assessment and security plan for the operation. The following types of ammunition should be destroyed as a priority: (a) ammunition that poses the greatest risk in terms of explosive safety, (b) ammunition that is attractive to criminals or armed groups, (c) ammunition that must be destroyed in order to comply with international obligations (for instance, anti-personnel mines for States that are party to the Mine Ban Treaty) and (d) small arms and machine gun ammunition less than 20 mm.After destruction, decontamination operations at demolition sites and demilitarization facilities should be undertaken to ensure that all recovered materials and other generated residues, including unexploded items, are appropriately treated, and that scrap and empty packaging are free from explosives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":749, "Sentence":"Risks inherent in destruction are significant if the procedure does not comply with strict technical guidelines (see IATG 10.10), including casualties and contamination.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament risk inherent destruction significant procedure comply strict technical guideline see iatg 10.10 including casualty contamination ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"8.1.2 Destruction of ammunition", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"The safe destruction of recovered ammunition and explosives presents a variety of technical challenges, and the demolition of a large number of explosive items requires a significant degree of training. Risks inherent in destruction are significant if the procedure does not comply with strict technical guidelines (see IATG 10.10), including casualties and contamination. During the disarmament phase of a DDR programme, ammunition may need to be destroyed either at the collection point (PUP, disarmament site) because it is unsafe, or after being transferred to a secure DDR storage facility.Ammunition destruction requires a strict planning phase by WAM\/EOD advisers or engineers who should identify priorities, obtain authorization from the national authorities, select the most appropriate method (see Annex E) and location for destruction, and develop a risk assessment and security plan for the operation. The following types of ammunition should be destroyed as a priority: (a) ammunition that poses the greatest risk in terms of explosive safety, (b) ammunition that is attractive to criminals or armed groups, (c) ammunition that must be destroyed in order to comply with international obligations (for instance, anti-personnel mines for States that are party to the Mine Ban Treaty) and (d) small arms and machine gun ammunition less than 20 mm.After destruction, decontamination operations at demolition sites and demilitarization facilities should be undertaken to ensure that all recovered materials and other generated residues, including unexploded items, are appropriately treated, and that scrap and empty packaging are free from explosives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":749, "Sentence":"During the disarmament phase of a DDR programme, ammunition may need to be destroyed either at the collection point (PUP, disarmament site) because it is unsafe, or after being transferred to a secure DDR storage facility.Ammunition destruction requires a strict planning phase by WAM\/EOD advisers or engineers who should identify priorities, obtain authorization from the national authorities, select the most appropriate method (see Annex E) and location for destruction, and develop a risk assessment and security plan for the operation.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament disarmament phase ddr programme ammunition may need destroyed either collection point pup disarmament site unsafe transferred secure ddr storage facility.ammunition destruction requires strict planning phase wam\/eod adviser engineer identify priority obtain authorization national authority select appropriate method see annex e location destruction develop risk assessment security plan operation ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.1 Destruction of materiel", "Heading3":"8.1.2 Destruction of ammunition", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"The safe destruction of recovered ammunition and explosives presents a variety of technical challenges, and the demolition of a large number of explosive items requires a significant degree of training. Risks inherent in destruction are significant if the procedure does not comply with strict technical guidelines (see IATG 10.10), including casualties and contamination. During the disarmament phase of a DDR programme, ammunition may need to be destroyed either at the collection point (PUP, disarmament site) because it is unsafe, or after being transferred to a secure DDR storage facility.Ammunition destruction requires a strict planning phase by WAM\/EOD advisers or engineers who should identify priorities, obtain authorization from the national authorities, select the most appropriate method (see Annex E) and location for destruction, and develop a risk assessment and security plan for the operation. The following types of ammunition should be destroyed as a priority: (a) ammunition that poses the greatest risk in terms of explosive safety, (b) ammunition that is attractive to criminals or armed groups, (c) ammunition that must be destroyed in order to comply with international obligations (for instance, anti-personnel mines for States that are party to the Mine Ban Treaty) and (d) small arms and machine gun ammunition less than 20 mm.After destruction, decontamination operations at demolition sites and demilitarization facilities should be undertaken to ensure that all recovered materials and other generated residues, including unexploded items, are appropriately treated, and that scrap and empty packaging are free from explosives.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":749, "Sentence":"The following types of ammunition should be destroyed as a priority: (a) ammunition that poses the greatest risk in terms of explosive safety, (b) ammunition that is attractive to criminals or armed groups, (c) ammunition that must be destroyed in order to comply with international obligations (for instance, anti-personnel mines for States that are party to the Mine Ban Treaty) and (d) small arms and machine gun ammunition less than 20 mm.After destruction, decontamination operations at demolition sites and demilitarization facilities should be undertaken to ensure that all recovered materials and other generated residues, including unexploded items, are appropriately treated, and that scrap and empty packaging are free from explosives.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament following type ammunition destroyed priority ammunition pose greatest risk term explosive safety b ammunition attractive criminal armed group c ammunition must destroyed order comply international obligation instance antipersonnel mine state party mine ban treaty small arm machine gun ammunition le 20 mm.after destruction decontamination operation demolition site demilitarization facility undertaken ensure recovered material generated residue including unexploded item appropriately treated scrap empty packaging free explosive ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.2 Transfers to national authorities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"National authorities may insist that serviceable materiel collected during disarmament should be incorporated into national stockpiles. Reasons for this may be linked to a lack of resources to acquire new materiel, the desire to regain control over materiel previously looted from national stockpiles or the existence of an arms embargo making procurement difficult.Before transferring arms or ammunition to the national authorities, the DDR component or lead UN agency(ies) shall take account of all obligations under relevant regional and international instruments as well as potential UN arms embargos and should seek the advice of the mission\u2019s or lead UN agency(ies) legal adviser (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). If the host State is prohibited from using or possessing certain weapons or ammunition (e.g., mines or cluster munitions), such materiel shall be destroyed. Furthermore, in line with the UN human rights due diligence policy, materiel shall not be transferred where there are substantial indications that the consignee is committing grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law.WAM advisers should explain to the national authorities the potential negative consequences of incorporating DDR weapons and ammunition into their stockpiles. These consequences not only include the symbolic connotations of using conflict weapons, but also the costs and operational challenges that come from the management of materiel that differs from standard equipment. The integration of ammunition into national stockpiles should be discouraged, as ammunition of unknown origin can be extremely hazardous. A technical inspection of weapons and ammunition should be jointly carried out by both UN and national experts before handover to the national authorities.Finally, weapons handed over to national authorities should bear markings made at the time of manufacture, and best practice recommends the destruction or remarking of weapons whose original markings have been altered or erased. Weapons should be registered by the national authorities in line with international standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":750, "Sentence":"National authorities may insist that serviceable materiel collected during disarmament should be incorporated into national stockpiles.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament national authority may insist serviceable materiel collected disarmament incorporated national stockpile ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.2 Transfers to national authorities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"National authorities may insist that serviceable materiel collected during disarmament should be incorporated into national stockpiles. Reasons for this may be linked to a lack of resources to acquire new materiel, the desire to regain control over materiel previously looted from national stockpiles or the existence of an arms embargo making procurement difficult.Before transferring arms or ammunition to the national authorities, the DDR component or lead UN agency(ies) shall take account of all obligations under relevant regional and international instruments as well as potential UN arms embargos and should seek the advice of the mission\u2019s or lead UN agency(ies) legal adviser (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). If the host State is prohibited from using or possessing certain weapons or ammunition (e.g., mines or cluster munitions), such materiel shall be destroyed. Furthermore, in line with the UN human rights due diligence policy, materiel shall not be transferred where there are substantial indications that the consignee is committing grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law.WAM advisers should explain to the national authorities the potential negative consequences of incorporating DDR weapons and ammunition into their stockpiles. These consequences not only include the symbolic connotations of using conflict weapons, but also the costs and operational challenges that come from the management of materiel that differs from standard equipment. The integration of ammunition into national stockpiles should be discouraged, as ammunition of unknown origin can be extremely hazardous. A technical inspection of weapons and ammunition should be jointly carried out by both UN and national experts before handover to the national authorities.Finally, weapons handed over to national authorities should bear markings made at the time of manufacture, and best practice recommends the destruction or remarking of weapons whose original markings have been altered or erased. Weapons should be registered by the national authorities in line with international standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":750, "Sentence":"Reasons for this may be linked to a lack of resources to acquire new materiel, the desire to regain control over materiel previously looted from national stockpiles or the existence of an arms embargo making procurement difficult.Before transferring arms or ammunition to the national authorities, the DDR component or lead UN agency(ies) shall take account of all obligations under relevant regional and international instruments as well as potential UN arms embargos and should seek the advice of the mission\u2019s or lead UN agency(ies) legal adviser (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament reason may linked lack resource acquire new materiel desire regain control materiel previously looted national stockpile existence arm embargo making procurement difficult.before transferring arm ammunition national authority ddr component lead un agencyies shall take account obligation relevant regional international instrument well potential un arm embargo seek advice mission \u2019 lead un agencyies legal adviser see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.2 Transfers to national authorities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"National authorities may insist that serviceable materiel collected during disarmament should be incorporated into national stockpiles. Reasons for this may be linked to a lack of resources to acquire new materiel, the desire to regain control over materiel previously looted from national stockpiles or the existence of an arms embargo making procurement difficult.Before transferring arms or ammunition to the national authorities, the DDR component or lead UN agency(ies) shall take account of all obligations under relevant regional and international instruments as well as potential UN arms embargos and should seek the advice of the mission\u2019s or lead UN agency(ies) legal adviser (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). If the host State is prohibited from using or possessing certain weapons or ammunition (e.g., mines or cluster munitions), such materiel shall be destroyed. Furthermore, in line with the UN human rights due diligence policy, materiel shall not be transferred where there are substantial indications that the consignee is committing grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law.WAM advisers should explain to the national authorities the potential negative consequences of incorporating DDR weapons and ammunition into their stockpiles. These consequences not only include the symbolic connotations of using conflict weapons, but also the costs and operational challenges that come from the management of materiel that differs from standard equipment. The integration of ammunition into national stockpiles should be discouraged, as ammunition of unknown origin can be extremely hazardous. A technical inspection of weapons and ammunition should be jointly carried out by both UN and national experts before handover to the national authorities.Finally, weapons handed over to national authorities should bear markings made at the time of manufacture, and best practice recommends the destruction or remarking of weapons whose original markings have been altered or erased. Weapons should be registered by the national authorities in line with international standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":750, "Sentence":"If the host State is prohibited from using or possessing certain weapons or ammunition (e.g., mines or cluster munitions), such materiel shall be destroyed.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament host state prohibited using possessing certain weapon ammunition e.g . mine cluster munition materiel shall destroyed ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.2 Transfers to national authorities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"National authorities may insist that serviceable materiel collected during disarmament should be incorporated into national stockpiles. Reasons for this may be linked to a lack of resources to acquire new materiel, the desire to regain control over materiel previously looted from national stockpiles or the existence of an arms embargo making procurement difficult.Before transferring arms or ammunition to the national authorities, the DDR component or lead UN agency(ies) shall take account of all obligations under relevant regional and international instruments as well as potential UN arms embargos and should seek the advice of the mission\u2019s or lead UN agency(ies) legal adviser (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). If the host State is prohibited from using or possessing certain weapons or ammunition (e.g., mines or cluster munitions), such materiel shall be destroyed. Furthermore, in line with the UN human rights due diligence policy, materiel shall not be transferred where there are substantial indications that the consignee is committing grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law.WAM advisers should explain to the national authorities the potential negative consequences of incorporating DDR weapons and ammunition into their stockpiles. These consequences not only include the symbolic connotations of using conflict weapons, but also the costs and operational challenges that come from the management of materiel that differs from standard equipment. The integration of ammunition into national stockpiles should be discouraged, as ammunition of unknown origin can be extremely hazardous. A technical inspection of weapons and ammunition should be jointly carried out by both UN and national experts before handover to the national authorities.Finally, weapons handed over to national authorities should bear markings made at the time of manufacture, and best practice recommends the destruction or remarking of weapons whose original markings have been altered or erased. Weapons should be registered by the national authorities in line with international standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":750, "Sentence":"Furthermore, in line with the UN human rights due diligence policy, materiel shall not be transferred where there are substantial indications that the consignee is committing grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law.WAM advisers should explain to the national authorities the potential negative consequences of incorporating DDR weapons and ammunition into their stockpiles.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament furthermore line un human right due diligence policy materiel shall transferred substantial indication consignee committing grave violation international humanitarian human right refugee law.wam adviser explain national authority potential negative consequence incorporating ddr weapon ammunition stockpile ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.2 Transfers to national authorities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"National authorities may insist that serviceable materiel collected during disarmament should be incorporated into national stockpiles. Reasons for this may be linked to a lack of resources to acquire new materiel, the desire to regain control over materiel previously looted from national stockpiles or the existence of an arms embargo making procurement difficult.Before transferring arms or ammunition to the national authorities, the DDR component or lead UN agency(ies) shall take account of all obligations under relevant regional and international instruments as well as potential UN arms embargos and should seek the advice of the mission\u2019s or lead UN agency(ies) legal adviser (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). If the host State is prohibited from using or possessing certain weapons or ammunition (e.g., mines or cluster munitions), such materiel shall be destroyed. Furthermore, in line with the UN human rights due diligence policy, materiel shall not be transferred where there are substantial indications that the consignee is committing grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law.WAM advisers should explain to the national authorities the potential negative consequences of incorporating DDR weapons and ammunition into their stockpiles. These consequences not only include the symbolic connotations of using conflict weapons, but also the costs and operational challenges that come from the management of materiel that differs from standard equipment. The integration of ammunition into national stockpiles should be discouraged, as ammunition of unknown origin can be extremely hazardous. A technical inspection of weapons and ammunition should be jointly carried out by both UN and national experts before handover to the national authorities.Finally, weapons handed over to national authorities should bear markings made at the time of manufacture, and best practice recommends the destruction or remarking of weapons whose original markings have been altered or erased. Weapons should be registered by the national authorities in line with international standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":750, "Sentence":"These consequences not only include the symbolic connotations of using conflict weapons, but also the costs and operational challenges that come from the management of materiel that differs from standard equipment.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament consequence include symbolic connotation using conflict weapon also cost operational challenge come management materiel differs standard equipment ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.2 Transfers to national authorities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"National authorities may insist that serviceable materiel collected during disarmament should be incorporated into national stockpiles. Reasons for this may be linked to a lack of resources to acquire new materiel, the desire to regain control over materiel previously looted from national stockpiles or the existence of an arms embargo making procurement difficult.Before transferring arms or ammunition to the national authorities, the DDR component or lead UN agency(ies) shall take account of all obligations under relevant regional and international instruments as well as potential UN arms embargos and should seek the advice of the mission\u2019s or lead UN agency(ies) legal adviser (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). If the host State is prohibited from using or possessing certain weapons or ammunition (e.g., mines or cluster munitions), such materiel shall be destroyed. Furthermore, in line with the UN human rights due diligence policy, materiel shall not be transferred where there are substantial indications that the consignee is committing grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law.WAM advisers should explain to the national authorities the potential negative consequences of incorporating DDR weapons and ammunition into their stockpiles. These consequences not only include the symbolic connotations of using conflict weapons, but also the costs and operational challenges that come from the management of materiel that differs from standard equipment. The integration of ammunition into national stockpiles should be discouraged, as ammunition of unknown origin can be extremely hazardous. A technical inspection of weapons and ammunition should be jointly carried out by both UN and national experts before handover to the national authorities.Finally, weapons handed over to national authorities should bear markings made at the time of manufacture, and best practice recommends the destruction or remarking of weapons whose original markings have been altered or erased. Weapons should be registered by the national authorities in line with international standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":750, "Sentence":"The integration of ammunition into national stockpiles should be discouraged, as ammunition of unknown origin can be extremely hazardous.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament integration ammunition national stockpile discouraged ammunition unknown origin extremely hazardous ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.2 Transfers to national authorities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"National authorities may insist that serviceable materiel collected during disarmament should be incorporated into national stockpiles. Reasons for this may be linked to a lack of resources to acquire new materiel, the desire to regain control over materiel previously looted from national stockpiles or the existence of an arms embargo making procurement difficult.Before transferring arms or ammunition to the national authorities, the DDR component or lead UN agency(ies) shall take account of all obligations under relevant regional and international instruments as well as potential UN arms embargos and should seek the advice of the mission\u2019s or lead UN agency(ies) legal adviser (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). If the host State is prohibited from using or possessing certain weapons or ammunition (e.g., mines or cluster munitions), such materiel shall be destroyed. Furthermore, in line with the UN human rights due diligence policy, materiel shall not be transferred where there are substantial indications that the consignee is committing grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law.WAM advisers should explain to the national authorities the potential negative consequences of incorporating DDR weapons and ammunition into their stockpiles. These consequences not only include the symbolic connotations of using conflict weapons, but also the costs and operational challenges that come from the management of materiel that differs from standard equipment. The integration of ammunition into national stockpiles should be discouraged, as ammunition of unknown origin can be extremely hazardous. A technical inspection of weapons and ammunition should be jointly carried out by both UN and national experts before handover to the national authorities.Finally, weapons handed over to national authorities should bear markings made at the time of manufacture, and best practice recommends the destruction or remarking of weapons whose original markings have been altered or erased. Weapons should be registered by the national authorities in line with international standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":750, "Sentence":"A technical inspection of weapons and ammunition should be jointly carried out by both UN and national experts before handover to the national authorities.Finally, weapons handed over to national authorities should bear markings made at the time of manufacture, and best practice recommends the destruction or remarking of weapons whose original markings have been altered or erased.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament technical inspection weapon ammunition jointly carried un national expert handover national authorities.finally weapon handed national authority bear marking made time manufacture best practice recommends destruction remarking weapon whose original marking altered erased ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.2 Transfers to national authorities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"National authorities may insist that serviceable materiel collected during disarmament should be incorporated into national stockpiles. Reasons for this may be linked to a lack of resources to acquire new materiel, the desire to regain control over materiel previously looted from national stockpiles or the existence of an arms embargo making procurement difficult.Before transferring arms or ammunition to the national authorities, the DDR component or lead UN agency(ies) shall take account of all obligations under relevant regional and international instruments as well as potential UN arms embargos and should seek the advice of the mission\u2019s or lead UN agency(ies) legal adviser (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). If the host State is prohibited from using or possessing certain weapons or ammunition (e.g., mines or cluster munitions), such materiel shall be destroyed. Furthermore, in line with the UN human rights due diligence policy, materiel shall not be transferred where there are substantial indications that the consignee is committing grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law.WAM advisers should explain to the national authorities the potential negative consequences of incorporating DDR weapons and ammunition into their stockpiles. These consequences not only include the symbolic connotations of using conflict weapons, but also the costs and operational challenges that come from the management of materiel that differs from standard equipment. The integration of ammunition into national stockpiles should be discouraged, as ammunition of unknown origin can be extremely hazardous. A technical inspection of weapons and ammunition should be jointly carried out by both UN and national experts before handover to the national authorities.Finally, weapons handed over to national authorities should bear markings made at the time of manufacture, and best practice recommends the destruction or remarking of weapons whose original markings have been altered or erased. Weapons should be registered by the national authorities in line with international standards.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":750, "Sentence":"Weapons should be registered by the national authorities in line with international standards.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament weapon registered national authority line international standard ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.3 Deactivation of weapons", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The deactivation of arms involves rendering the weapon incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated in compliance with international guidelines by a competent State authority. Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable; this includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame. Weapons that have not been properly deactivated represent a significant threat, as they may be reactivated and used by criminals and terrorists.While destruction of weapons should be the preferred method of disposal, deactivation could be stipulated as part of a peace agreement where some of the collected weapons would be used in museum settings, or to create \u2018peace art\u2019 or monuments, to symbolically reflect the end of armed conflict. The process of deactivation should occur rapidly after a peace agreement so that weapons do not remain indefinitely in stores incurring unnecessary costs and raising the risk of diversion", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":751, "Sentence":"The deactivation of arms involves rendering the weapon incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated in compliance with international guidelines by a competent State authority.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament deactivation arm involves rendering weapon incapable expelling launching shot bullet missile projectile action explosive readily restored certified marked deactivated compliance international guideline competent state authority ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.3 Deactivation of weapons", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The deactivation of arms involves rendering the weapon incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated in compliance with international guidelines by a competent State authority. Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable; this includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame. Weapons that have not been properly deactivated represent a significant threat, as they may be reactivated and used by criminals and terrorists.While destruction of weapons should be the preferred method of disposal, deactivation could be stipulated as part of a peace agreement where some of the collected weapons would be used in museum settings, or to create \u2018peace art\u2019 or monuments, to symbolically reflect the end of armed conflict. The process of deactivation should occur rapidly after a peace agreement so that weapons do not remain indefinitely in stores incurring unnecessary costs and raising the risk of diversion", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":751, "Sentence":"Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable; this includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament deactivation requires pressurebearing component weapon permanently altered way render weapon unusable includes modification barrel bolt cylinder slide firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.3 Deactivation of weapons", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The deactivation of arms involves rendering the weapon incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated in compliance with international guidelines by a competent State authority. Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable; this includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame. Weapons that have not been properly deactivated represent a significant threat, as they may be reactivated and used by criminals and terrorists.While destruction of weapons should be the preferred method of disposal, deactivation could be stipulated as part of a peace agreement where some of the collected weapons would be used in museum settings, or to create \u2018peace art\u2019 or monuments, to symbolically reflect the end of armed conflict. The process of deactivation should occur rapidly after a peace agreement so that weapons do not remain indefinitely in stores incurring unnecessary costs and raising the risk of diversion", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":751, "Sentence":"Weapons that have not been properly deactivated represent a significant threat, as they may be reactivated and used by criminals and terrorists.While destruction of weapons should be the preferred method of disposal, deactivation could be stipulated as part of a peace agreement where some of the collected weapons would be used in museum settings, or to create \u2018peace art\u2019 or monuments, to symbolically reflect the end of armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament weapon properly deactivated represent significant threat may reactivated used criminal terrorists.while destruction weapon preferred method disposal deactivation could stipulated part peace agreement collected weapon would used museum setting create \u2018 peace art \u2019 monument symbolically reflect end armed conflict ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"8. Disposal phase", "Heading2":"8.3 Deactivation of weapons", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The deactivation of arms involves rendering the weapon incapable of expelling or launching a shot, bullet, missile or other projectile by the action of an explosive, that cannot be readily restored to do so, and that has been certified and marked as deactivated in compliance with international guidelines by a competent State authority. Deactivation requires that all pressure-bearing components of a weapon be permanently altered in such a way so as to render the weapon unusable; this includes modifications to the barrel, bolt, cylinder, slide, firing pin and\/or receiver\/frame. Weapons that have not been properly deactivated represent a significant threat, as they may be reactivated and used by criminals and terrorists.While destruction of weapons should be the preferred method of disposal, deactivation could be stipulated as part of a peace agreement where some of the collected weapons would be used in museum settings, or to create \u2018peace art\u2019 or monuments, to symbolically reflect the end of armed conflict. The process of deactivation should occur rapidly after a peace agreement so that weapons do not remain indefinitely in stores incurring unnecessary costs and raising the risk of diversion", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":751, "Sentence":"The process of deactivation should occur rapidly after a peace agreement so that weapons do not remain indefinitely in stores incurring unnecessary costs and raising the risk of diversion", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament process deactivation occur rapidly peace agreement weapon remain indefinitely store incurring unnecessary cost raising risk diversion" }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"A weapons survey can take more than a year from the time resources are allocated and mobilized to completion and the publication of results and recommendations. The survey must be designed, implemented and the results applied in a gender responsive manner.Who should implement the weapons survey? \\n While the DDR component and specialized UN agencies can secure funding and coordinate the process, it is critical to ensure that ownership of the project sits at the national level due to the sensitivities involved, and so that the results have greater legitimacy in informing any future national policymaking on the subject. This could be through the National Coordinating Mechanism on SALW, for example, or the National DDR Commission. Buy-in must also be secured from local authorities on the ground where research is to be conducted. Such authorities must also be kept informed of developments for political and security reasons. \\n Weapons surveys are often sub-contracted out by UN agencies and national authorities to independent and impartial research organizations and\/or an expert consultant to design and coordinate the survey components. The survey team should include independent experts and surveyors who are nationals of the country in which the DDR component or the UN lead agency(ies) is operating and who speak the local language(s). The implementation of weapons surveys should always serve as an opportunity to develop national research capacity.What information should be gathered during a weapons survey? \\n Weapons surveys can support the design of multiple types of activities related to SALW control in various contexts, including those related to DDR. The information collected during this process can inform a wide range of initiatives, and it is therefore important to identify other UN stakeholders with whom to engage when designing the survey to avoid duplication of effort. \\n\\n Components \\n Contextual analysis: conflict analysis; mapping of armed actors; political, economic, social, environmental, cultural factors. \\n Weapons distribution assessment: types; quantities; possession by men, women and children; movements of SALW; illicit sources of weapons and ammunition; potential locations of materiel and caches. \\n Impact survey: impact of weapons on children, women, men, vulnerable groups, DDR beneficiaries etc.; social and economic developments; number of acts of armed violence and victims. \\n Perception survey: attitudes of various groups towards weapons; reasons for armed groups holding weapons; alternatives to weapons possession etc. \\n Capacity assessment: community, local, national coping mechanism; legal tools; security and non-security responses.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":752, "Sentence":"A weapons survey can take more than a year from the time resources are allocated and mobilized to completion and the publication of results and recommendations.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament weapon survey take year time resource allocated mobilized completion publication result recommendation ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"A weapons survey can take more than a year from the time resources are allocated and mobilized to completion and the publication of results and recommendations. The survey must be designed, implemented and the results applied in a gender responsive manner.Who should implement the weapons survey? \\n While the DDR component and specialized UN agencies can secure funding and coordinate the process, it is critical to ensure that ownership of the project sits at the national level due to the sensitivities involved, and so that the results have greater legitimacy in informing any future national policymaking on the subject. This could be through the National Coordinating Mechanism on SALW, for example, or the National DDR Commission. Buy-in must also be secured from local authorities on the ground where research is to be conducted. Such authorities must also be kept informed of developments for political and security reasons. \\n Weapons surveys are often sub-contracted out by UN agencies and national authorities to independent and impartial research organizations and\/or an expert consultant to design and coordinate the survey components. The survey team should include independent experts and surveyors who are nationals of the country in which the DDR component or the UN lead agency(ies) is operating and who speak the local language(s). The implementation of weapons surveys should always serve as an opportunity to develop national research capacity.What information should be gathered during a weapons survey? \\n Weapons surveys can support the design of multiple types of activities related to SALW control in various contexts, including those related to DDR. The information collected during this process can inform a wide range of initiatives, and it is therefore important to identify other UN stakeholders with whom to engage when designing the survey to avoid duplication of effort. \\n\\n Components \\n Contextual analysis: conflict analysis; mapping of armed actors; political, economic, social, environmental, cultural factors. \\n Weapons distribution assessment: types; quantities; possession by men, women and children; movements of SALW; illicit sources of weapons and ammunition; potential locations of materiel and caches. \\n Impact survey: impact of weapons on children, women, men, vulnerable groups, DDR beneficiaries etc.; social and economic developments; number of acts of armed violence and victims. \\n Perception survey: attitudes of various groups towards weapons; reasons for armed groups holding weapons; alternatives to weapons possession etc. \\n Capacity assessment: community, local, national coping mechanism; legal tools; security and non-security responses.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":752, "Sentence":"The survey must be designed, implemented and the results applied in a gender responsive manner.Who should implement the weapons survey?", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament survey must designed implemented result applied gender responsive manner.who implement weapon survey" }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"A weapons survey can take more than a year from the time resources are allocated and mobilized to completion and the publication of results and recommendations. The survey must be designed, implemented and the results applied in a gender responsive manner.Who should implement the weapons survey? \\n While the DDR component and specialized UN agencies can secure funding and coordinate the process, it is critical to ensure that ownership of the project sits at the national level due to the sensitivities involved, and so that the results have greater legitimacy in informing any future national policymaking on the subject. This could be through the National Coordinating Mechanism on SALW, for example, or the National DDR Commission. Buy-in must also be secured from local authorities on the ground where research is to be conducted. Such authorities must also be kept informed of developments for political and security reasons. \\n Weapons surveys are often sub-contracted out by UN agencies and national authorities to independent and impartial research organizations and\/or an expert consultant to design and coordinate the survey components. The survey team should include independent experts and surveyors who are nationals of the country in which the DDR component or the UN lead agency(ies) is operating and who speak the local language(s). The implementation of weapons surveys should always serve as an opportunity to develop national research capacity.What information should be gathered during a weapons survey? \\n Weapons surveys can support the design of multiple types of activities related to SALW control in various contexts, including those related to DDR. The information collected during this process can inform a wide range of initiatives, and it is therefore important to identify other UN stakeholders with whom to engage when designing the survey to avoid duplication of effort. \\n\\n Components \\n Contextual analysis: conflict analysis; mapping of armed actors; political, economic, social, environmental, cultural factors. \\n Weapons distribution assessment: types; quantities; possession by men, women and children; movements of SALW; illicit sources of weapons and ammunition; potential locations of materiel and caches. \\n Impact survey: impact of weapons on children, women, men, vulnerable groups, DDR beneficiaries etc.; social and economic developments; number of acts of armed violence and victims. \\n Perception survey: attitudes of various groups towards weapons; reasons for armed groups holding weapons; alternatives to weapons possession etc. \\n Capacity assessment: community, local, national coping mechanism; legal tools; security and non-security responses.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":752, "Sentence":"\\n While the DDR component and specialized UN agencies can secure funding and coordinate the process, it is critical to ensure that ownership of the project sits at the national level due to the sensitivities involved, and so that the results have greater legitimacy in informing any future national policymaking on the subject.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n ddr component specialized un agency secure funding coordinate process critical ensure ownership project sits national level due sensitivity involved result greater legitimacy informing future national policymaking subject ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"A weapons survey can take more than a year from the time resources are allocated and mobilized to completion and the publication of results and recommendations. The survey must be designed, implemented and the results applied in a gender responsive manner.Who should implement the weapons survey? \\n While the DDR component and specialized UN agencies can secure funding and coordinate the process, it is critical to ensure that ownership of the project sits at the national level due to the sensitivities involved, and so that the results have greater legitimacy in informing any future national policymaking on the subject. This could be through the National Coordinating Mechanism on SALW, for example, or the National DDR Commission. Buy-in must also be secured from local authorities on the ground where research is to be conducted. Such authorities must also be kept informed of developments for political and security reasons. \\n Weapons surveys are often sub-contracted out by UN agencies and national authorities to independent and impartial research organizations and\/or an expert consultant to design and coordinate the survey components. The survey team should include independent experts and surveyors who are nationals of the country in which the DDR component or the UN lead agency(ies) is operating and who speak the local language(s). The implementation of weapons surveys should always serve as an opportunity to develop national research capacity.What information should be gathered during a weapons survey? \\n Weapons surveys can support the design of multiple types of activities related to SALW control in various contexts, including those related to DDR. The information collected during this process can inform a wide range of initiatives, and it is therefore important to identify other UN stakeholders with whom to engage when designing the survey to avoid duplication of effort. \\n\\n Components \\n Contextual analysis: conflict analysis; mapping of armed actors; political, economic, social, environmental, cultural factors. \\n Weapons distribution assessment: types; quantities; possession by men, women and children; movements of SALW; illicit sources of weapons and ammunition; potential locations of materiel and caches. \\n Impact survey: impact of weapons on children, women, men, vulnerable groups, DDR beneficiaries etc.; social and economic developments; number of acts of armed violence and victims. \\n Perception survey: attitudes of various groups towards weapons; reasons for armed groups holding weapons; alternatives to weapons possession etc. \\n Capacity assessment: community, local, national coping mechanism; legal tools; security and non-security responses.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":752, "Sentence":"This could be through the National Coordinating Mechanism on SALW, for example, or the National DDR Commission.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament could national coordinating mechanism salw example national ddr commission ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"A weapons survey can take more than a year from the time resources are allocated and mobilized to completion and the publication of results and recommendations. The survey must be designed, implemented and the results applied in a gender responsive manner.Who should implement the weapons survey? \\n While the DDR component and specialized UN agencies can secure funding and coordinate the process, it is critical to ensure that ownership of the project sits at the national level due to the sensitivities involved, and so that the results have greater legitimacy in informing any future national policymaking on the subject. This could be through the National Coordinating Mechanism on SALW, for example, or the National DDR Commission. Buy-in must also be secured from local authorities on the ground where research is to be conducted. Such authorities must also be kept informed of developments for political and security reasons. \\n Weapons surveys are often sub-contracted out by UN agencies and national authorities to independent and impartial research organizations and\/or an expert consultant to design and coordinate the survey components. The survey team should include independent experts and surveyors who are nationals of the country in which the DDR component or the UN lead agency(ies) is operating and who speak the local language(s). The implementation of weapons surveys should always serve as an opportunity to develop national research capacity.What information should be gathered during a weapons survey? \\n Weapons surveys can support the design of multiple types of activities related to SALW control in various contexts, including those related to DDR. The information collected during this process can inform a wide range of initiatives, and it is therefore important to identify other UN stakeholders with whom to engage when designing the survey to avoid duplication of effort. \\n\\n Components \\n Contextual analysis: conflict analysis; mapping of armed actors; political, economic, social, environmental, cultural factors. \\n Weapons distribution assessment: types; quantities; possession by men, women and children; movements of SALW; illicit sources of weapons and ammunition; potential locations of materiel and caches. \\n Impact survey: impact of weapons on children, women, men, vulnerable groups, DDR beneficiaries etc.; social and economic developments; number of acts of armed violence and victims. \\n Perception survey: attitudes of various groups towards weapons; reasons for armed groups holding weapons; alternatives to weapons possession etc. \\n Capacity assessment: community, local, national coping mechanism; legal tools; security and non-security responses.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":752, "Sentence":"Buy-in must also be secured from local authorities on the ground where research is to be conducted.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament buyin must also secured local authority ground research conducted ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"A weapons survey can take more than a year from the time resources are allocated and mobilized to completion and the publication of results and recommendations. The survey must be designed, implemented and the results applied in a gender responsive manner.Who should implement the weapons survey? \\n While the DDR component and specialized UN agencies can secure funding and coordinate the process, it is critical to ensure that ownership of the project sits at the national level due to the sensitivities involved, and so that the results have greater legitimacy in informing any future national policymaking on the subject. This could be through the National Coordinating Mechanism on SALW, for example, or the National DDR Commission. Buy-in must also be secured from local authorities on the ground where research is to be conducted. Such authorities must also be kept informed of developments for political and security reasons. \\n Weapons surveys are often sub-contracted out by UN agencies and national authorities to independent and impartial research organizations and\/or an expert consultant to design and coordinate the survey components. The survey team should include independent experts and surveyors who are nationals of the country in which the DDR component or the UN lead agency(ies) is operating and who speak the local language(s). The implementation of weapons surveys should always serve as an opportunity to develop national research capacity.What information should be gathered during a weapons survey? \\n Weapons surveys can support the design of multiple types of activities related to SALW control in various contexts, including those related to DDR. The information collected during this process can inform a wide range of initiatives, and it is therefore important to identify other UN stakeholders with whom to engage when designing the survey to avoid duplication of effort. \\n\\n Components \\n Contextual analysis: conflict analysis; mapping of armed actors; political, economic, social, environmental, cultural factors. \\n Weapons distribution assessment: types; quantities; possession by men, women and children; movements of SALW; illicit sources of weapons and ammunition; potential locations of materiel and caches. \\n Impact survey: impact of weapons on children, women, men, vulnerable groups, DDR beneficiaries etc.; social and economic developments; number of acts of armed violence and victims. \\n Perception survey: attitudes of various groups towards weapons; reasons for armed groups holding weapons; alternatives to weapons possession etc. \\n Capacity assessment: community, local, national coping mechanism; legal tools; security and non-security responses.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":752, "Sentence":"Such authorities must also be kept informed of developments for political and security reasons.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament authority must also kept informed development political security reason ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"A weapons survey can take more than a year from the time resources are allocated and mobilized to completion and the publication of results and recommendations. The survey must be designed, implemented and the results applied in a gender responsive manner.Who should implement the weapons survey? \\n While the DDR component and specialized UN agencies can secure funding and coordinate the process, it is critical to ensure that ownership of the project sits at the national level due to the sensitivities involved, and so that the results have greater legitimacy in informing any future national policymaking on the subject. This could be through the National Coordinating Mechanism on SALW, for example, or the National DDR Commission. Buy-in must also be secured from local authorities on the ground where research is to be conducted. Such authorities must also be kept informed of developments for political and security reasons. \\n Weapons surveys are often sub-contracted out by UN agencies and national authorities to independent and impartial research organizations and\/or an expert consultant to design and coordinate the survey components. The survey team should include independent experts and surveyors who are nationals of the country in which the DDR component or the UN lead agency(ies) is operating and who speak the local language(s). The implementation of weapons surveys should always serve as an opportunity to develop national research capacity.What information should be gathered during a weapons survey? \\n Weapons surveys can support the design of multiple types of activities related to SALW control in various contexts, including those related to DDR. The information collected during this process can inform a wide range of initiatives, and it is therefore important to identify other UN stakeholders with whom to engage when designing the survey to avoid duplication of effort. \\n\\n Components \\n Contextual analysis: conflict analysis; mapping of armed actors; political, economic, social, environmental, cultural factors. \\n Weapons distribution assessment: types; quantities; possession by men, women and children; movements of SALW; illicit sources of weapons and ammunition; potential locations of materiel and caches. \\n Impact survey: impact of weapons on children, women, men, vulnerable groups, DDR beneficiaries etc.; social and economic developments; number of acts of armed violence and victims. \\n Perception survey: attitudes of various groups towards weapons; reasons for armed groups holding weapons; alternatives to weapons possession etc. \\n Capacity assessment: community, local, national coping mechanism; legal tools; security and non-security responses.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":752, "Sentence":"\\n Weapons surveys are often sub-contracted out by UN agencies and national authorities to independent and impartial research organizations and\/or an expert consultant to design and coordinate the survey components.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n weapon survey often subcontracted un agency national authority independent impartial research organization and\/or expert consultant design coordinate survey component ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"A weapons survey can take more than a year from the time resources are allocated and mobilized to completion and the publication of results and recommendations. The survey must be designed, implemented and the results applied in a gender responsive manner.Who should implement the weapons survey? \\n While the DDR component and specialized UN agencies can secure funding and coordinate the process, it is critical to ensure that ownership of the project sits at the national level due to the sensitivities involved, and so that the results have greater legitimacy in informing any future national policymaking on the subject. This could be through the National Coordinating Mechanism on SALW, for example, or the National DDR Commission. Buy-in must also be secured from local authorities on the ground where research is to be conducted. Such authorities must also be kept informed of developments for political and security reasons. \\n Weapons surveys are often sub-contracted out by UN agencies and national authorities to independent and impartial research organizations and\/or an expert consultant to design and coordinate the survey components. The survey team should include independent experts and surveyors who are nationals of the country in which the DDR component or the UN lead agency(ies) is operating and who speak the local language(s). The implementation of weapons surveys should always serve as an opportunity to develop national research capacity.What information should be gathered during a weapons survey? \\n Weapons surveys can support the design of multiple types of activities related to SALW control in various contexts, including those related to DDR. The information collected during this process can inform a wide range of initiatives, and it is therefore important to identify other UN stakeholders with whom to engage when designing the survey to avoid duplication of effort. \\n\\n Components \\n Contextual analysis: conflict analysis; mapping of armed actors; political, economic, social, environmental, cultural factors. \\n Weapons distribution assessment: types; quantities; possession by men, women and children; movements of SALW; illicit sources of weapons and ammunition; potential locations of materiel and caches. \\n Impact survey: impact of weapons on children, women, men, vulnerable groups, DDR beneficiaries etc.; social and economic developments; number of acts of armed violence and victims. \\n Perception survey: attitudes of various groups towards weapons; reasons for armed groups holding weapons; alternatives to weapons possession etc. \\n Capacity assessment: community, local, national coping mechanism; legal tools; security and non-security responses.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":752, "Sentence":"The survey team should include independent experts and surveyors who are nationals of the country in which the DDR component or the UN lead agency(ies) is operating and who speak the local language(s).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament survey team include independent expert surveyor national country ddr component un lead agencyies operating speak local language ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"A weapons survey can take more than a year from the time resources are allocated and mobilized to completion and the publication of results and recommendations. The survey must be designed, implemented and the results applied in a gender responsive manner.Who should implement the weapons survey? \\n While the DDR component and specialized UN agencies can secure funding and coordinate the process, it is critical to ensure that ownership of the project sits at the national level due to the sensitivities involved, and so that the results have greater legitimacy in informing any future national policymaking on the subject. This could be through the National Coordinating Mechanism on SALW, for example, or the National DDR Commission. Buy-in must also be secured from local authorities on the ground where research is to be conducted. Such authorities must also be kept informed of developments for political and security reasons. \\n Weapons surveys are often sub-contracted out by UN agencies and national authorities to independent and impartial research organizations and\/or an expert consultant to design and coordinate the survey components. The survey team should include independent experts and surveyors who are nationals of the country in which the DDR component or the UN lead agency(ies) is operating and who speak the local language(s). The implementation of weapons surveys should always serve as an opportunity to develop national research capacity.What information should be gathered during a weapons survey? \\n Weapons surveys can support the design of multiple types of activities related to SALW control in various contexts, including those related to DDR. The information collected during this process can inform a wide range of initiatives, and it is therefore important to identify other UN stakeholders with whom to engage when designing the survey to avoid duplication of effort. \\n\\n Components \\n Contextual analysis: conflict analysis; mapping of armed actors; political, economic, social, environmental, cultural factors. \\n Weapons distribution assessment: types; quantities; possession by men, women and children; movements of SALW; illicit sources of weapons and ammunition; potential locations of materiel and caches. \\n Impact survey: impact of weapons on children, women, men, vulnerable groups, DDR beneficiaries etc.; social and economic developments; number of acts of armed violence and victims. \\n Perception survey: attitudes of various groups towards weapons; reasons for armed groups holding weapons; alternatives to weapons possession etc. \\n Capacity assessment: community, local, national coping mechanism; legal tools; security and non-security responses.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":752, "Sentence":"The implementation of weapons surveys should always serve as an opportunity to develop national research capacity.What information should be gathered during a weapons survey?", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament implementation weapon survey always serve opportunity develop national research capacity.what information gathered weapon survey" }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"A weapons survey can take more than a year from the time resources are allocated and mobilized to completion and the publication of results and recommendations. The survey must be designed, implemented and the results applied in a gender responsive manner.Who should implement the weapons survey? \\n While the DDR component and specialized UN agencies can secure funding and coordinate the process, it is critical to ensure that ownership of the project sits at the national level due to the sensitivities involved, and so that the results have greater legitimacy in informing any future national policymaking on the subject. This could be through the National Coordinating Mechanism on SALW, for example, or the National DDR Commission. Buy-in must also be secured from local authorities on the ground where research is to be conducted. Such authorities must also be kept informed of developments for political and security reasons. \\n Weapons surveys are often sub-contracted out by UN agencies and national authorities to independent and impartial research organizations and\/or an expert consultant to design and coordinate the survey components. The survey team should include independent experts and surveyors who are nationals of the country in which the DDR component or the UN lead agency(ies) is operating and who speak the local language(s). The implementation of weapons surveys should always serve as an opportunity to develop national research capacity.What information should be gathered during a weapons survey? \\n Weapons surveys can support the design of multiple types of activities related to SALW control in various contexts, including those related to DDR. The information collected during this process can inform a wide range of initiatives, and it is therefore important to identify other UN stakeholders with whom to engage when designing the survey to avoid duplication of effort. \\n\\n Components \\n Contextual analysis: conflict analysis; mapping of armed actors; political, economic, social, environmental, cultural factors. \\n Weapons distribution assessment: types; quantities; possession by men, women and children; movements of SALW; illicit sources of weapons and ammunition; potential locations of materiel and caches. \\n Impact survey: impact of weapons on children, women, men, vulnerable groups, DDR beneficiaries etc.; social and economic developments; number of acts of armed violence and victims. \\n Perception survey: attitudes of various groups towards weapons; reasons for armed groups holding weapons; alternatives to weapons possession etc. \\n Capacity assessment: community, local, national coping mechanism; legal tools; security and non-security responses.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":752, "Sentence":"\\n Weapons surveys can support the design of multiple types of activities related to SALW control in various contexts, including those related to DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n weapon survey support design multiple type activity related salw control various context including related ddr ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"A weapons survey can take more than a year from the time resources are allocated and mobilized to completion and the publication of results and recommendations. The survey must be designed, implemented and the results applied in a gender responsive manner.Who should implement the weapons survey? \\n While the DDR component and specialized UN agencies can secure funding and coordinate the process, it is critical to ensure that ownership of the project sits at the national level due to the sensitivities involved, and so that the results have greater legitimacy in informing any future national policymaking on the subject. This could be through the National Coordinating Mechanism on SALW, for example, or the National DDR Commission. Buy-in must also be secured from local authorities on the ground where research is to be conducted. Such authorities must also be kept informed of developments for political and security reasons. \\n Weapons surveys are often sub-contracted out by UN agencies and national authorities to independent and impartial research organizations and\/or an expert consultant to design and coordinate the survey components. The survey team should include independent experts and surveyors who are nationals of the country in which the DDR component or the UN lead agency(ies) is operating and who speak the local language(s). The implementation of weapons surveys should always serve as an opportunity to develop national research capacity.What information should be gathered during a weapons survey? \\n Weapons surveys can support the design of multiple types of activities related to SALW control in various contexts, including those related to DDR. The information collected during this process can inform a wide range of initiatives, and it is therefore important to identify other UN stakeholders with whom to engage when designing the survey to avoid duplication of effort. \\n\\n Components \\n Contextual analysis: conflict analysis; mapping of armed actors; political, economic, social, environmental, cultural factors. \\n Weapons distribution assessment: types; quantities; possession by men, women and children; movements of SALW; illicit sources of weapons and ammunition; potential locations of materiel and caches. \\n Impact survey: impact of weapons on children, women, men, vulnerable groups, DDR beneficiaries etc.; social and economic developments; number of acts of armed violence and victims. \\n Perception survey: attitudes of various groups towards weapons; reasons for armed groups holding weapons; alternatives to weapons possession etc. \\n Capacity assessment: community, local, national coping mechanism; legal tools; security and non-security responses.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":752, "Sentence":"The information collected during this process can inform a wide range of initiatives, and it is therefore important to identify other UN stakeholders with whom to engage when designing the survey to avoid duplication of effort.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament information collected process inform wide range initiative therefore important identify un stakeholder engage designing survey avoid duplication effort ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"A weapons survey can take more than a year from the time resources are allocated and mobilized to completion and the publication of results and recommendations. The survey must be designed, implemented and the results applied in a gender responsive manner.Who should implement the weapons survey? \\n While the DDR component and specialized UN agencies can secure funding and coordinate the process, it is critical to ensure that ownership of the project sits at the national level due to the sensitivities involved, and so that the results have greater legitimacy in informing any future national policymaking on the subject. This could be through the National Coordinating Mechanism on SALW, for example, or the National DDR Commission. Buy-in must also be secured from local authorities on the ground where research is to be conducted. Such authorities must also be kept informed of developments for political and security reasons. \\n Weapons surveys are often sub-contracted out by UN agencies and national authorities to independent and impartial research organizations and\/or an expert consultant to design and coordinate the survey components. The survey team should include independent experts and surveyors who are nationals of the country in which the DDR component or the UN lead agency(ies) is operating and who speak the local language(s). The implementation of weapons surveys should always serve as an opportunity to develop national research capacity.What information should be gathered during a weapons survey? \\n Weapons surveys can support the design of multiple types of activities related to SALW control in various contexts, including those related to DDR. The information collected during this process can inform a wide range of initiatives, and it is therefore important to identify other UN stakeholders with whom to engage when designing the survey to avoid duplication of effort. \\n\\n Components \\n Contextual analysis: conflict analysis; mapping of armed actors; political, economic, social, environmental, cultural factors. \\n Weapons distribution assessment: types; quantities; possession by men, women and children; movements of SALW; illicit sources of weapons and ammunition; potential locations of materiel and caches. \\n Impact survey: impact of weapons on children, women, men, vulnerable groups, DDR beneficiaries etc.; social and economic developments; number of acts of armed violence and victims. \\n Perception survey: attitudes of various groups towards weapons; reasons for armed groups holding weapons; alternatives to weapons possession etc. \\n Capacity assessment: community, local, national coping mechanism; legal tools; security and non-security responses.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":752, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Components \\n Contextual analysis: conflict analysis; mapping of armed actors; political, economic, social, environmental, cultural factors.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament nn component n contextual analysis conflict analysis mapping armed actor political economic social environmental cultural factor ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"A weapons survey can take more than a year from the time resources are allocated and mobilized to completion and the publication of results and recommendations. The survey must be designed, implemented and the results applied in a gender responsive manner.Who should implement the weapons survey? \\n While the DDR component and specialized UN agencies can secure funding and coordinate the process, it is critical to ensure that ownership of the project sits at the national level due to the sensitivities involved, and so that the results have greater legitimacy in informing any future national policymaking on the subject. This could be through the National Coordinating Mechanism on SALW, for example, or the National DDR Commission. Buy-in must also be secured from local authorities on the ground where research is to be conducted. Such authorities must also be kept informed of developments for political and security reasons. \\n Weapons surveys are often sub-contracted out by UN agencies and national authorities to independent and impartial research organizations and\/or an expert consultant to design and coordinate the survey components. The survey team should include independent experts and surveyors who are nationals of the country in which the DDR component or the UN lead agency(ies) is operating and who speak the local language(s). The implementation of weapons surveys should always serve as an opportunity to develop national research capacity.What information should be gathered during a weapons survey? \\n Weapons surveys can support the design of multiple types of activities related to SALW control in various contexts, including those related to DDR. The information collected during this process can inform a wide range of initiatives, and it is therefore important to identify other UN stakeholders with whom to engage when designing the survey to avoid duplication of effort. \\n\\n Components \\n Contextual analysis: conflict analysis; mapping of armed actors; political, economic, social, environmental, cultural factors. \\n Weapons distribution assessment: types; quantities; possession by men, women and children; movements of SALW; illicit sources of weapons and ammunition; potential locations of materiel and caches. \\n Impact survey: impact of weapons on children, women, men, vulnerable groups, DDR beneficiaries etc.; social and economic developments; number of acts of armed violence and victims. \\n Perception survey: attitudes of various groups towards weapons; reasons for armed groups holding weapons; alternatives to weapons possession etc. \\n Capacity assessment: community, local, national coping mechanism; legal tools; security and non-security responses.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":752, "Sentence":"\\n Weapons distribution assessment: types; quantities; possession by men, women and children; movements of SALW; illicit sources of weapons and ammunition; potential locations of materiel and caches.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n weapon distribution assessment type quantity possession men woman child movement salw illicit source weapon ammunition potential location materiel cache ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"A weapons survey can take more than a year from the time resources are allocated and mobilized to completion and the publication of results and recommendations. The survey must be designed, implemented and the results applied in a gender responsive manner.Who should implement the weapons survey? \\n While the DDR component and specialized UN agencies can secure funding and coordinate the process, it is critical to ensure that ownership of the project sits at the national level due to the sensitivities involved, and so that the results have greater legitimacy in informing any future national policymaking on the subject. This could be through the National Coordinating Mechanism on SALW, for example, or the National DDR Commission. Buy-in must also be secured from local authorities on the ground where research is to be conducted. Such authorities must also be kept informed of developments for political and security reasons. \\n Weapons surveys are often sub-contracted out by UN agencies and national authorities to independent and impartial research organizations and\/or an expert consultant to design and coordinate the survey components. The survey team should include independent experts and surveyors who are nationals of the country in which the DDR component or the UN lead agency(ies) is operating and who speak the local language(s). The implementation of weapons surveys should always serve as an opportunity to develop national research capacity.What information should be gathered during a weapons survey? \\n Weapons surveys can support the design of multiple types of activities related to SALW control in various contexts, including those related to DDR. The information collected during this process can inform a wide range of initiatives, and it is therefore important to identify other UN stakeholders with whom to engage when designing the survey to avoid duplication of effort. \\n\\n Components \\n Contextual analysis: conflict analysis; mapping of armed actors; political, economic, social, environmental, cultural factors. \\n Weapons distribution assessment: types; quantities; possession by men, women and children; movements of SALW; illicit sources of weapons and ammunition; potential locations of materiel and caches. \\n Impact survey: impact of weapons on children, women, men, vulnerable groups, DDR beneficiaries etc.; social and economic developments; number of acts of armed violence and victims. \\n Perception survey: attitudes of various groups towards weapons; reasons for armed groups holding weapons; alternatives to weapons possession etc. \\n Capacity assessment: community, local, national coping mechanism; legal tools; security and non-security responses.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":752, "Sentence":"\\n Impact survey: impact of weapons on children, women, men, vulnerable groups, DDR beneficiaries etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n impact survey impact weapon child woman men vulnerable group ddr beneficiary etc ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"A weapons survey can take more than a year from the time resources are allocated and mobilized to completion and the publication of results and recommendations. The survey must be designed, implemented and the results applied in a gender responsive manner.Who should implement the weapons survey? \\n While the DDR component and specialized UN agencies can secure funding and coordinate the process, it is critical to ensure that ownership of the project sits at the national level due to the sensitivities involved, and so that the results have greater legitimacy in informing any future national policymaking on the subject. This could be through the National Coordinating Mechanism on SALW, for example, or the National DDR Commission. Buy-in must also be secured from local authorities on the ground where research is to be conducted. Such authorities must also be kept informed of developments for political and security reasons. \\n Weapons surveys are often sub-contracted out by UN agencies and national authorities to independent and impartial research organizations and\/or an expert consultant to design and coordinate the survey components. The survey team should include independent experts and surveyors who are nationals of the country in which the DDR component or the UN lead agency(ies) is operating and who speak the local language(s). The implementation of weapons surveys should always serve as an opportunity to develop national research capacity.What information should be gathered during a weapons survey? \\n Weapons surveys can support the design of multiple types of activities related to SALW control in various contexts, including those related to DDR. The information collected during this process can inform a wide range of initiatives, and it is therefore important to identify other UN stakeholders with whom to engage when designing the survey to avoid duplication of effort. \\n\\n Components \\n Contextual analysis: conflict analysis; mapping of armed actors; political, economic, social, environmental, cultural factors. \\n Weapons distribution assessment: types; quantities; possession by men, women and children; movements of SALW; illicit sources of weapons and ammunition; potential locations of materiel and caches. \\n Impact survey: impact of weapons on children, women, men, vulnerable groups, DDR beneficiaries etc.; social and economic developments; number of acts of armed violence and victims. \\n Perception survey: attitudes of various groups towards weapons; reasons for armed groups holding weapons; alternatives to weapons possession etc. \\n Capacity assessment: community, local, national coping mechanism; legal tools; security and non-security responses.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":752, "Sentence":"; social and economic developments; number of acts of armed violence and victims.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament social economic development number act armed violence victim ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"A weapons survey can take more than a year from the time resources are allocated and mobilized to completion and the publication of results and recommendations. The survey must be designed, implemented and the results applied in a gender responsive manner.Who should implement the weapons survey? \\n While the DDR component and specialized UN agencies can secure funding and coordinate the process, it is critical to ensure that ownership of the project sits at the national level due to the sensitivities involved, and so that the results have greater legitimacy in informing any future national policymaking on the subject. This could be through the National Coordinating Mechanism on SALW, for example, or the National DDR Commission. Buy-in must also be secured from local authorities on the ground where research is to be conducted. Such authorities must also be kept informed of developments for political and security reasons. \\n Weapons surveys are often sub-contracted out by UN agencies and national authorities to independent and impartial research organizations and\/or an expert consultant to design and coordinate the survey components. The survey team should include independent experts and surveyors who are nationals of the country in which the DDR component or the UN lead agency(ies) is operating and who speak the local language(s). The implementation of weapons surveys should always serve as an opportunity to develop national research capacity.What information should be gathered during a weapons survey? \\n Weapons surveys can support the design of multiple types of activities related to SALW control in various contexts, including those related to DDR. The information collected during this process can inform a wide range of initiatives, and it is therefore important to identify other UN stakeholders with whom to engage when designing the survey to avoid duplication of effort. \\n\\n Components \\n Contextual analysis: conflict analysis; mapping of armed actors; political, economic, social, environmental, cultural factors. \\n Weapons distribution assessment: types; quantities; possession by men, women and children; movements of SALW; illicit sources of weapons and ammunition; potential locations of materiel and caches. \\n Impact survey: impact of weapons on children, women, men, vulnerable groups, DDR beneficiaries etc.; social and economic developments; number of acts of armed violence and victims. \\n Perception survey: attitudes of various groups towards weapons; reasons for armed groups holding weapons; alternatives to weapons possession etc. \\n Capacity assessment: community, local, national coping mechanism; legal tools; security and non-security responses.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":752, "Sentence":"\\n Perception survey: attitudes of various groups towards weapons; reasons for armed groups holding weapons; alternatives to weapons possession etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n perception survey attitude various group towards weapon reason armed group holding weapon alternative weapon possession etc ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"A weapons survey can take more than a year from the time resources are allocated and mobilized to completion and the publication of results and recommendations. The survey must be designed, implemented and the results applied in a gender responsive manner.Who should implement the weapons survey? \\n While the DDR component and specialized UN agencies can secure funding and coordinate the process, it is critical to ensure that ownership of the project sits at the national level due to the sensitivities involved, and so that the results have greater legitimacy in informing any future national policymaking on the subject. This could be through the National Coordinating Mechanism on SALW, for example, or the National DDR Commission. Buy-in must also be secured from local authorities on the ground where research is to be conducted. Such authorities must also be kept informed of developments for political and security reasons. \\n Weapons surveys are often sub-contracted out by UN agencies and national authorities to independent and impartial research organizations and\/or an expert consultant to design and coordinate the survey components. The survey team should include independent experts and surveyors who are nationals of the country in which the DDR component or the UN lead agency(ies) is operating and who speak the local language(s). The implementation of weapons surveys should always serve as an opportunity to develop national research capacity.What information should be gathered during a weapons survey? \\n Weapons surveys can support the design of multiple types of activities related to SALW control in various contexts, including those related to DDR. The information collected during this process can inform a wide range of initiatives, and it is therefore important to identify other UN stakeholders with whom to engage when designing the survey to avoid duplication of effort. \\n\\n Components \\n Contextual analysis: conflict analysis; mapping of armed actors; political, economic, social, environmental, cultural factors. \\n Weapons distribution assessment: types; quantities; possession by men, women and children; movements of SALW; illicit sources of weapons and ammunition; potential locations of materiel and caches. \\n Impact survey: impact of weapons on children, women, men, vulnerable groups, DDR beneficiaries etc.; social and economic developments; number of acts of armed violence and victims. \\n Perception survey: attitudes of various groups towards weapons; reasons for armed groups holding weapons; alternatives to weapons possession etc. \\n Capacity assessment: community, local, national coping mechanism; legal tools; security and non-security responses.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":752, "Sentence":"\\n Capacity assessment: community, local, national coping mechanism; legal tools; security and non-security responses.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n capacity assessment community local national coping mechanism legal tool security nonsecurity response ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"Methodology", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"The survey should draw on a variety of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information \u2014 e.g., desk research, collection of official quantitative data (including crime and health data related to firearms), and interviews with key informants such as national security and defence forces, community leaders, representatives of civilian groups (including women, youth and professionals) affected by armed violence, armed groups, foreign analysts and diplomats.The main component of the survey should be the perception survey (see above) \u2014 i.e., the administration of a questionnaire. A representative sample is to be determined by an expert according to the target population. The questionnaire should be developed and administered by a research team including male and female nationals, ensuring respect for ethical considerations and gender and cultural sensitivities. The questionnaire should not take more than 30 minutes to administer, and careful thought should be given as to how to frame the questions to ensure maximum impact (see Annex C of MOSAIC 5.10 for a list of sample questions).A survey can help the DDR component to identify interventions related to disarmament of combatants or ex-combatants, but also to CVR and other transitional programming.Among others, the weapons survey will help identify the following: \\n Communities particularly affected by weapons availability and armed violence. \\n Communities particularly affected by violence related to ex-combatants. \\n Communities ready to participate in CVR and the types of programming they would like to see developed. \\n Types of weapons and ammunition in circulation and in demand. \\n Trafficking routes and modus operandi of weapons trafficking. \\n Groups holding weapons and the profiles of combatants. \\n Cultural and monetary values of weapons. \\n Security concerns and other negative impacts linked to potential interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":753, "Sentence":"The survey should draw on a variety of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information \u2014 e.g., desk research, collection of official quantitative data (including crime and health data related to firearms), and interviews with key informants such as national security and defence forces, community leaders, representatives of civilian groups (including women, youth and professionals) affected by armed violence, armed groups, foreign analysts and diplomats.The main component of the survey should be the perception survey (see above) \u2014 i.e., the administration of a questionnaire.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament survey draw variety research method source order collate compare confirm information \u2014 e.g . desk research collection official quantitative data including crime health data related firearm interview key informant national security defence force community leader representative civilian group including woman youth professional affected armed violence armed group foreign analyst diplomats.the main component survey perception survey see \u2014 i.e . administration questionnaire ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"Methodology", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"The survey should draw on a variety of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information \u2014 e.g., desk research, collection of official quantitative data (including crime and health data related to firearms), and interviews with key informants such as national security and defence forces, community leaders, representatives of civilian groups (including women, youth and professionals) affected by armed violence, armed groups, foreign analysts and diplomats.The main component of the survey should be the perception survey (see above) \u2014 i.e., the administration of a questionnaire. A representative sample is to be determined by an expert according to the target population. The questionnaire should be developed and administered by a research team including male and female nationals, ensuring respect for ethical considerations and gender and cultural sensitivities. The questionnaire should not take more than 30 minutes to administer, and careful thought should be given as to how to frame the questions to ensure maximum impact (see Annex C of MOSAIC 5.10 for a list of sample questions).A survey can help the DDR component to identify interventions related to disarmament of combatants or ex-combatants, but also to CVR and other transitional programming.Among others, the weapons survey will help identify the following: \\n Communities particularly affected by weapons availability and armed violence. \\n Communities particularly affected by violence related to ex-combatants. \\n Communities ready to participate in CVR and the types of programming they would like to see developed. \\n Types of weapons and ammunition in circulation and in demand. \\n Trafficking routes and modus operandi of weapons trafficking. \\n Groups holding weapons and the profiles of combatants. \\n Cultural and monetary values of weapons. \\n Security concerns and other negative impacts linked to potential interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":753, "Sentence":"A representative sample is to be determined by an expert according to the target population.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament representative sample determined expert according target population ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"Methodology", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"The survey should draw on a variety of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information \u2014 e.g., desk research, collection of official quantitative data (including crime and health data related to firearms), and interviews with key informants such as national security and defence forces, community leaders, representatives of civilian groups (including women, youth and professionals) affected by armed violence, armed groups, foreign analysts and diplomats.The main component of the survey should be the perception survey (see above) \u2014 i.e., the administration of a questionnaire. A representative sample is to be determined by an expert according to the target population. The questionnaire should be developed and administered by a research team including male and female nationals, ensuring respect for ethical considerations and gender and cultural sensitivities. The questionnaire should not take more than 30 minutes to administer, and careful thought should be given as to how to frame the questions to ensure maximum impact (see Annex C of MOSAIC 5.10 for a list of sample questions).A survey can help the DDR component to identify interventions related to disarmament of combatants or ex-combatants, but also to CVR and other transitional programming.Among others, the weapons survey will help identify the following: \\n Communities particularly affected by weapons availability and armed violence. \\n Communities particularly affected by violence related to ex-combatants. \\n Communities ready to participate in CVR and the types of programming they would like to see developed. \\n Types of weapons and ammunition in circulation and in demand. \\n Trafficking routes and modus operandi of weapons trafficking. \\n Groups holding weapons and the profiles of combatants. \\n Cultural and monetary values of weapons. \\n Security concerns and other negative impacts linked to potential interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":753, "Sentence":"The questionnaire should be developed and administered by a research team including male and female nationals, ensuring respect for ethical considerations and gender and cultural sensitivities.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament questionnaire developed administered research team including male female national ensuring respect ethical consideration gender cultural sensitivity ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"Methodology", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"The survey should draw on a variety of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information \u2014 e.g., desk research, collection of official quantitative data (including crime and health data related to firearms), and interviews with key informants such as national security and defence forces, community leaders, representatives of civilian groups (including women, youth and professionals) affected by armed violence, armed groups, foreign analysts and diplomats.The main component of the survey should be the perception survey (see above) \u2014 i.e., the administration of a questionnaire. A representative sample is to be determined by an expert according to the target population. The questionnaire should be developed and administered by a research team including male and female nationals, ensuring respect for ethical considerations and gender and cultural sensitivities. The questionnaire should not take more than 30 minutes to administer, and careful thought should be given as to how to frame the questions to ensure maximum impact (see Annex C of MOSAIC 5.10 for a list of sample questions).A survey can help the DDR component to identify interventions related to disarmament of combatants or ex-combatants, but also to CVR and other transitional programming.Among others, the weapons survey will help identify the following: \\n Communities particularly affected by weapons availability and armed violence. \\n Communities particularly affected by violence related to ex-combatants. \\n Communities ready to participate in CVR and the types of programming they would like to see developed. \\n Types of weapons and ammunition in circulation and in demand. \\n Trafficking routes and modus operandi of weapons trafficking. \\n Groups holding weapons and the profiles of combatants. \\n Cultural and monetary values of weapons. \\n Security concerns and other negative impacts linked to potential interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":753, "Sentence":"The questionnaire should not take more than 30 minutes to administer, and careful thought should be given as to how to frame the questions to ensure maximum impact (see Annex C of MOSAIC 5.10 for a list of sample questions).A survey can help the DDR component to identify interventions related to disarmament of combatants or ex-combatants, but also to CVR and other transitional programming.Among others, the weapons survey will help identify the following: \\n Communities particularly affected by weapons availability and armed violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament questionnaire take 30 minute administer careful thought given frame question ensure maximum impact see annex c mosaic 5.10 list sample questions.a survey help ddr component identify intervention related disarmament combatant excombatants also cvr transitional programming.among others weapon survey help identify following n community particularly affected weapon availability armed violence ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"Methodology", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"The survey should draw on a variety of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information \u2014 e.g., desk research, collection of official quantitative data (including crime and health data related to firearms), and interviews with key informants such as national security and defence forces, community leaders, representatives of civilian groups (including women, youth and professionals) affected by armed violence, armed groups, foreign analysts and diplomats.The main component of the survey should be the perception survey (see above) \u2014 i.e., the administration of a questionnaire. A representative sample is to be determined by an expert according to the target population. The questionnaire should be developed and administered by a research team including male and female nationals, ensuring respect for ethical considerations and gender and cultural sensitivities. The questionnaire should not take more than 30 minutes to administer, and careful thought should be given as to how to frame the questions to ensure maximum impact (see Annex C of MOSAIC 5.10 for a list of sample questions).A survey can help the DDR component to identify interventions related to disarmament of combatants or ex-combatants, but also to CVR and other transitional programming.Among others, the weapons survey will help identify the following: \\n Communities particularly affected by weapons availability and armed violence. \\n Communities particularly affected by violence related to ex-combatants. \\n Communities ready to participate in CVR and the types of programming they would like to see developed. \\n Types of weapons and ammunition in circulation and in demand. \\n Trafficking routes and modus operandi of weapons trafficking. \\n Groups holding weapons and the profiles of combatants. \\n Cultural and monetary values of weapons. \\n Security concerns and other negative impacts linked to potential interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":753, "Sentence":"\\n Communities particularly affected by violence related to ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n community particularly affected violence related excombatants ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"Methodology", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"The survey should draw on a variety of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information \u2014 e.g., desk research, collection of official quantitative data (including crime and health data related to firearms), and interviews with key informants such as national security and defence forces, community leaders, representatives of civilian groups (including women, youth and professionals) affected by armed violence, armed groups, foreign analysts and diplomats.The main component of the survey should be the perception survey (see above) \u2014 i.e., the administration of a questionnaire. A representative sample is to be determined by an expert according to the target population. The questionnaire should be developed and administered by a research team including male and female nationals, ensuring respect for ethical considerations and gender and cultural sensitivities. The questionnaire should not take more than 30 minutes to administer, and careful thought should be given as to how to frame the questions to ensure maximum impact (see Annex C of MOSAIC 5.10 for a list of sample questions).A survey can help the DDR component to identify interventions related to disarmament of combatants or ex-combatants, but also to CVR and other transitional programming.Among others, the weapons survey will help identify the following: \\n Communities particularly affected by weapons availability and armed violence. \\n Communities particularly affected by violence related to ex-combatants. \\n Communities ready to participate in CVR and the types of programming they would like to see developed. \\n Types of weapons and ammunition in circulation and in demand. \\n Trafficking routes and modus operandi of weapons trafficking. \\n Groups holding weapons and the profiles of combatants. \\n Cultural and monetary values of weapons. \\n Security concerns and other negative impacts linked to potential interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":753, "Sentence":"\\n Communities ready to participate in CVR and the types of programming they would like to see developed.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n community ready participate cvr type programming would like see developed ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"Methodology", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"The survey should draw on a variety of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information \u2014 e.g., desk research, collection of official quantitative data (including crime and health data related to firearms), and interviews with key informants such as national security and defence forces, community leaders, representatives of civilian groups (including women, youth and professionals) affected by armed violence, armed groups, foreign analysts and diplomats.The main component of the survey should be the perception survey (see above) \u2014 i.e., the administration of a questionnaire. A representative sample is to be determined by an expert according to the target population. The questionnaire should be developed and administered by a research team including male and female nationals, ensuring respect for ethical considerations and gender and cultural sensitivities. The questionnaire should not take more than 30 minutes to administer, and careful thought should be given as to how to frame the questions to ensure maximum impact (see Annex C of MOSAIC 5.10 for a list of sample questions).A survey can help the DDR component to identify interventions related to disarmament of combatants or ex-combatants, but also to CVR and other transitional programming.Among others, the weapons survey will help identify the following: \\n Communities particularly affected by weapons availability and armed violence. \\n Communities particularly affected by violence related to ex-combatants. \\n Communities ready to participate in CVR and the types of programming they would like to see developed. \\n Types of weapons and ammunition in circulation and in demand. \\n Trafficking routes and modus operandi of weapons trafficking. \\n Groups holding weapons and the profiles of combatants. \\n Cultural and monetary values of weapons. \\n Security concerns and other negative impacts linked to potential interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":753, "Sentence":"\\n Types of weapons and ammunition in circulation and in demand.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n type weapon ammunition circulation demand ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"Methodology", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"The survey should draw on a variety of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information \u2014 e.g., desk research, collection of official quantitative data (including crime and health data related to firearms), and interviews with key informants such as national security and defence forces, community leaders, representatives of civilian groups (including women, youth and professionals) affected by armed violence, armed groups, foreign analysts and diplomats.The main component of the survey should be the perception survey (see above) \u2014 i.e., the administration of a questionnaire. A representative sample is to be determined by an expert according to the target population. The questionnaire should be developed and administered by a research team including male and female nationals, ensuring respect for ethical considerations and gender and cultural sensitivities. The questionnaire should not take more than 30 minutes to administer, and careful thought should be given as to how to frame the questions to ensure maximum impact (see Annex C of MOSAIC 5.10 for a list of sample questions).A survey can help the DDR component to identify interventions related to disarmament of combatants or ex-combatants, but also to CVR and other transitional programming.Among others, the weapons survey will help identify the following: \\n Communities particularly affected by weapons availability and armed violence. \\n Communities particularly affected by violence related to ex-combatants. \\n Communities ready to participate in CVR and the types of programming they would like to see developed. \\n Types of weapons and ammunition in circulation and in demand. \\n Trafficking routes and modus operandi of weapons trafficking. \\n Groups holding weapons and the profiles of combatants. \\n Cultural and monetary values of weapons. \\n Security concerns and other negative impacts linked to potential interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":753, "Sentence":"\\n Trafficking routes and modus operandi of weapons trafficking.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n trafficking route modus operandi weapon trafficking ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"Methodology", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"The survey should draw on a variety of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information \u2014 e.g., desk research, collection of official quantitative data (including crime and health data related to firearms), and interviews with key informants such as national security and defence forces, community leaders, representatives of civilian groups (including women, youth and professionals) affected by armed violence, armed groups, foreign analysts and diplomats.The main component of the survey should be the perception survey (see above) \u2014 i.e., the administration of a questionnaire. A representative sample is to be determined by an expert according to the target population. The questionnaire should be developed and administered by a research team including male and female nationals, ensuring respect for ethical considerations and gender and cultural sensitivities. The questionnaire should not take more than 30 minutes to administer, and careful thought should be given as to how to frame the questions to ensure maximum impact (see Annex C of MOSAIC 5.10 for a list of sample questions).A survey can help the DDR component to identify interventions related to disarmament of combatants or ex-combatants, but also to CVR and other transitional programming.Among others, the weapons survey will help identify the following: \\n Communities particularly affected by weapons availability and armed violence. \\n Communities particularly affected by violence related to ex-combatants. \\n Communities ready to participate in CVR and the types of programming they would like to see developed. \\n Types of weapons and ammunition in circulation and in demand. \\n Trafficking routes and modus operandi of weapons trafficking. \\n Groups holding weapons and the profiles of combatants. \\n Cultural and monetary values of weapons. \\n Security concerns and other negative impacts linked to potential interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":753, "Sentence":"\\n Groups holding weapons and the profiles of combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n group holding weapon profile combatant ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"Methodology", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"The survey should draw on a variety of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information \u2014 e.g., desk research, collection of official quantitative data (including crime and health data related to firearms), and interviews with key informants such as national security and defence forces, community leaders, representatives of civilian groups (including women, youth and professionals) affected by armed violence, armed groups, foreign analysts and diplomats.The main component of the survey should be the perception survey (see above) \u2014 i.e., the administration of a questionnaire. A representative sample is to be determined by an expert according to the target population. The questionnaire should be developed and administered by a research team including male and female nationals, ensuring respect for ethical considerations and gender and cultural sensitivities. The questionnaire should not take more than 30 minutes to administer, and careful thought should be given as to how to frame the questions to ensure maximum impact (see Annex C of MOSAIC 5.10 for a list of sample questions).A survey can help the DDR component to identify interventions related to disarmament of combatants or ex-combatants, but also to CVR and other transitional programming.Among others, the weapons survey will help identify the following: \\n Communities particularly affected by weapons availability and armed violence. \\n Communities particularly affected by violence related to ex-combatants. \\n Communities ready to participate in CVR and the types of programming they would like to see developed. \\n Types of weapons and ammunition in circulation and in demand. \\n Trafficking routes and modus operandi of weapons trafficking. \\n Groups holding weapons and the profiles of combatants. \\n Cultural and monetary values of weapons. \\n Security concerns and other negative impacts linked to potential interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":753, "Sentence":"\\n Cultural and monetary values of weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n cultural monetary value weapon ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex C: Weapons survey", "Heading2":"Methodology", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"The survey should draw on a variety of research methods and sources in order to collate, compare and confirm information \u2014 e.g., desk research, collection of official quantitative data (including crime and health data related to firearms), and interviews with key informants such as national security and defence forces, community leaders, representatives of civilian groups (including women, youth and professionals) affected by armed violence, armed groups, foreign analysts and diplomats.The main component of the survey should be the perception survey (see above) \u2014 i.e., the administration of a questionnaire. A representative sample is to be determined by an expert according to the target population. The questionnaire should be developed and administered by a research team including male and female nationals, ensuring respect for ethical considerations and gender and cultural sensitivities. The questionnaire should not take more than 30 minutes to administer, and careful thought should be given as to how to frame the questions to ensure maximum impact (see Annex C of MOSAIC 5.10 for a list of sample questions).A survey can help the DDR component to identify interventions related to disarmament of combatants or ex-combatants, but also to CVR and other transitional programming.Among others, the weapons survey will help identify the following: \\n Communities particularly affected by weapons availability and armed violence. \\n Communities particularly affected by violence related to ex-combatants. \\n Communities ready to participate in CVR and the types of programming they would like to see developed. \\n Types of weapons and ammunition in circulation and in demand. \\n Trafficking routes and modus operandi of weapons trafficking. \\n Groups holding weapons and the profiles of combatants. \\n Cultural and monetary values of weapons. \\n Security concerns and other negative impacts linked to potential interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":753, "Sentence":"\\n Security concerns and other negative impacts linked to potential interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n security concern negative impact linked potential intervention ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex E: Destruction methods", "Heading2":"Destruction of SALW", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"There are many different techniques for destroying SALW that vary in complexity, cost and results. The DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings will be responsible for identifying the most suitable method with the support of a technical adviser or specialized UN agency.Selection criteria include: \\n Type of weapons; \\n Quantity of weapons; \\n Availability of funds (for equipment, training and staff); \\n Available level of WAM expertise; \\n Availability of local resources and technology; \\n Available infrastructure; \\n Security constraints; \\n Local customs and references.In most existing DDR programmes, weapons cutting is the preferred though not necessarily the most efficient method of destruction. The advantages and disadvantages of this method and others are outlined below.Other methods of weapons destruction, including burning (with kerosene) and crushing (with tracked vehicles), are sometimes used for their highly visible and symbolic impact. Although simple and relatively low cost, these methods are not effective, as weapons and component parts may still be serviceable and must therefore undergo a further process to ensure destruction.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":754, "Sentence":"There are many different techniques for destroying SALW that vary in complexity, cost and results.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament many different technique destroying salw vary complexity cost result ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex E: Destruction methods", "Heading2":"Destruction of SALW", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"There are many different techniques for destroying SALW that vary in complexity, cost and results. The DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings will be responsible for identifying the most suitable method with the support of a technical adviser or specialized UN agency.Selection criteria include: \\n Type of weapons; \\n Quantity of weapons; \\n Availability of funds (for equipment, training and staff); \\n Available level of WAM expertise; \\n Availability of local resources and technology; \\n Available infrastructure; \\n Security constraints; \\n Local customs and references.In most existing DDR programmes, weapons cutting is the preferred though not necessarily the most efficient method of destruction. The advantages and disadvantages of this method and others are outlined below.Other methods of weapons destruction, including burning (with kerosene) and crushing (with tracked vehicles), are sometimes used for their highly visible and symbolic impact. Although simple and relatively low cost, these methods are not effective, as weapons and component parts may still be serviceable and must therefore undergo a further process to ensure destruction.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":754, "Sentence":"The DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings will be responsible for identifying the most suitable method with the support of a technical adviser or specialized UN agency.Selection criteria include: \\n Type of weapons; \\n Quantity of weapons; \\n Availability of funds (for equipment, training and staff); \\n Available level of WAM expertise; \\n Availability of local resources and technology; \\n Available infrastructure; \\n Security constraints; \\n Local customs and references.In most existing DDR programmes, weapons cutting is the preferred though not necessarily the most efficient method of destruction.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament ddr component mission setting un lead agencyies nonmission setting responsible identifying suitable method support technical adviser specialized un agency.selection criterion include n type weapon n quantity weapon n availability fund equipment training staff n available level wam expertise n availability local resource technology n available infrastructure n security constraint n local custom references.in existing ddr programme weapon cutting preferred though necessarily efficient method destruction ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex E: Destruction methods", "Heading2":"Destruction of SALW", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"There are many different techniques for destroying SALW that vary in complexity, cost and results. The DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings will be responsible for identifying the most suitable method with the support of a technical adviser or specialized UN agency.Selection criteria include: \\n Type of weapons; \\n Quantity of weapons; \\n Availability of funds (for equipment, training and staff); \\n Available level of WAM expertise; \\n Availability of local resources and technology; \\n Available infrastructure; \\n Security constraints; \\n Local customs and references.In most existing DDR programmes, weapons cutting is the preferred though not necessarily the most efficient method of destruction. The advantages and disadvantages of this method and others are outlined below.Other methods of weapons destruction, including burning (with kerosene) and crushing (with tracked vehicles), are sometimes used for their highly visible and symbolic impact. Although simple and relatively low cost, these methods are not effective, as weapons and component parts may still be serviceable and must therefore undergo a further process to ensure destruction.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":754, "Sentence":"The advantages and disadvantages of this method and others are outlined below.Other methods of weapons destruction, including burning (with kerosene) and crushing (with tracked vehicles), are sometimes used for their highly visible and symbolic impact.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament advantage disadvantage method others outlined below.other method weapon destruction including burning kerosene crushing tracked vehicle sometimes used highly visible symbolic impact ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex E: Destruction methods", "Heading2":"Destruction of SALW", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"There are many different techniques for destroying SALW that vary in complexity, cost and results. The DDR component in mission settings and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings will be responsible for identifying the most suitable method with the support of a technical adviser or specialized UN agency.Selection criteria include: \\n Type of weapons; \\n Quantity of weapons; \\n Availability of funds (for equipment, training and staff); \\n Available level of WAM expertise; \\n Availability of local resources and technology; \\n Available infrastructure; \\n Security constraints; \\n Local customs and references.In most existing DDR programmes, weapons cutting is the preferred though not necessarily the most efficient method of destruction. The advantages and disadvantages of this method and others are outlined below.Other methods of weapons destruction, including burning (with kerosene) and crushing (with tracked vehicles), are sometimes used for their highly visible and symbolic impact. Although simple and relatively low cost, these methods are not effective, as weapons and component parts may still be serviceable and must therefore undergo a further process to ensure destruction.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":754, "Sentence":"Although simple and relatively low cost, these methods are not effective, as weapons and component parts may still be serviceable and must therefore undergo a further process to ensure destruction.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament although simple relatively low cost method effective weapon component part may still serviceable must therefore undergo process ensure destruction ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex E: Destruction methods", "Heading2":"Destruction of ammunition and explosives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"IATG 10.10 shall serve as the basis for all destruction of ammunition and explosives activities. The following IMAS also cover the stockpile destruction of ammunition and explosives: \\n IMAS 11.10: \u2018Stockpile Destruction\u2019; \\n IMAS 11.20: \u2018Open Burning and Open Detonation (OBOD) Operations\u2019; \\n IMAS 11.30: \u2018National Planning Guidelines\u2019.The EOD expert will select the method according to: \\n Type and quantity of ammunition to be destroyed; \\n Availability of qualified human resources; \\n Location and type of destruction sites available; \\n Distance from storage and destruction sites and accessibility; \\n Financial resources available; \\n Requisite equipment and materials available; \\n Environmental impact.The most commonly used methods in DDR settings are open burning and open detonation. These are regarded as the easiest ways to destroy ammunition and often present the most cost- effective solution; they are also highly symbolic and can serve as effective mechanisms for building confidence in the DDR programme. \\n Open burning is generally used for the destruction of propellants and pyrotechnic compositions and has the potential to cause significant environmental harm. \\n Open detonation uses serviceable explosives as charges to destroy ammunition and requires a large cordon to ensure protection from the blast. This method is labour intensive and may not destroy all ammunition, requiring post-blast EOD clearance.The industrial-level destruction of ammunition and explosives combines the skills of production, mechanical, chemical and explosive engineering. It is a highly specialist occupation, and appropriate independent technical advice shall be taken during the planning phase if stockpile levels suggest that industrial destruction may be the safest, most environmentally friendly or most cost-effective option.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":755, "Sentence":"IATG 10.10 shall serve as the basis for all destruction of ammunition and explosives activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament iatg 10.10 shall serve basis destruction ammunition explosive activity ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex E: Destruction methods", "Heading2":"Destruction of ammunition and explosives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"IATG 10.10 shall serve as the basis for all destruction of ammunition and explosives activities. The following IMAS also cover the stockpile destruction of ammunition and explosives: \\n IMAS 11.10: \u2018Stockpile Destruction\u2019; \\n IMAS 11.20: \u2018Open Burning and Open Detonation (OBOD) Operations\u2019; \\n IMAS 11.30: \u2018National Planning Guidelines\u2019.The EOD expert will select the method according to: \\n Type and quantity of ammunition to be destroyed; \\n Availability of qualified human resources; \\n Location and type of destruction sites available; \\n Distance from storage and destruction sites and accessibility; \\n Financial resources available; \\n Requisite equipment and materials available; \\n Environmental impact.The most commonly used methods in DDR settings are open burning and open detonation. These are regarded as the easiest ways to destroy ammunition and often present the most cost- effective solution; they are also highly symbolic and can serve as effective mechanisms for building confidence in the DDR programme. \\n Open burning is generally used for the destruction of propellants and pyrotechnic compositions and has the potential to cause significant environmental harm. \\n Open detonation uses serviceable explosives as charges to destroy ammunition and requires a large cordon to ensure protection from the blast. This method is labour intensive and may not destroy all ammunition, requiring post-blast EOD clearance.The industrial-level destruction of ammunition and explosives combines the skills of production, mechanical, chemical and explosive engineering. It is a highly specialist occupation, and appropriate independent technical advice shall be taken during the planning phase if stockpile levels suggest that industrial destruction may be the safest, most environmentally friendly or most cost-effective option.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":755, "Sentence":"The following IMAS also cover the stockpile destruction of ammunition and explosives: \\n IMAS 11.10: \u2018Stockpile Destruction\u2019; \\n IMAS 11.20: \u2018Open Burning and Open Detonation (OBOD) Operations\u2019; \\n IMAS 11.30: \u2018National Planning Guidelines\u2019.The EOD expert will select the method according to: \\n Type and quantity of ammunition to be destroyed; \\n Availability of qualified human resources; \\n Location and type of destruction sites available; \\n Distance from storage and destruction sites and accessibility; \\n Financial resources available; \\n Requisite equipment and materials available; \\n Environmental impact.The most commonly used methods in DDR settings are open burning and open detonation.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament following imas also cover stockpile destruction ammunition explosive n imas 11.10 \u2018 stockpile destruction \u2019 n imas 11.20 \u2018 open burning open detonation obod operation \u2019 n imas 11.30 \u2018 national planning guideline \u2019 .the eod expert select method according n type quantity ammunition destroyed n availability qualified human resource n location type destruction site available n distance storage destruction site accessibility n financial resource available n requisite equipment material available n environmental impact.the commonly used method ddr setting open burning open detonation ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex E: Destruction methods", "Heading2":"Destruction of ammunition and explosives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"IATG 10.10 shall serve as the basis for all destruction of ammunition and explosives activities. The following IMAS also cover the stockpile destruction of ammunition and explosives: \\n IMAS 11.10: \u2018Stockpile Destruction\u2019; \\n IMAS 11.20: \u2018Open Burning and Open Detonation (OBOD) Operations\u2019; \\n IMAS 11.30: \u2018National Planning Guidelines\u2019.The EOD expert will select the method according to: \\n Type and quantity of ammunition to be destroyed; \\n Availability of qualified human resources; \\n Location and type of destruction sites available; \\n Distance from storage and destruction sites and accessibility; \\n Financial resources available; \\n Requisite equipment and materials available; \\n Environmental impact.The most commonly used methods in DDR settings are open burning and open detonation. These are regarded as the easiest ways to destroy ammunition and often present the most cost- effective solution; they are also highly symbolic and can serve as effective mechanisms for building confidence in the DDR programme. \\n Open burning is generally used for the destruction of propellants and pyrotechnic compositions and has the potential to cause significant environmental harm. \\n Open detonation uses serviceable explosives as charges to destroy ammunition and requires a large cordon to ensure protection from the blast. This method is labour intensive and may not destroy all ammunition, requiring post-blast EOD clearance.The industrial-level destruction of ammunition and explosives combines the skills of production, mechanical, chemical and explosive engineering. It is a highly specialist occupation, and appropriate independent technical advice shall be taken during the planning phase if stockpile levels suggest that industrial destruction may be the safest, most environmentally friendly or most cost-effective option.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":755, "Sentence":"These are regarded as the easiest ways to destroy ammunition and often present the most cost- effective solution; they are also highly symbolic and can serve as effective mechanisms for building confidence in the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament regarded easiest way destroy ammunition often present cost effective solution also highly symbolic serve effective mechanism building confidence ddr programme ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex E: Destruction methods", "Heading2":"Destruction of ammunition and explosives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"IATG 10.10 shall serve as the basis for all destruction of ammunition and explosives activities. The following IMAS also cover the stockpile destruction of ammunition and explosives: \\n IMAS 11.10: \u2018Stockpile Destruction\u2019; \\n IMAS 11.20: \u2018Open Burning and Open Detonation (OBOD) Operations\u2019; \\n IMAS 11.30: \u2018National Planning Guidelines\u2019.The EOD expert will select the method according to: \\n Type and quantity of ammunition to be destroyed; \\n Availability of qualified human resources; \\n Location and type of destruction sites available; \\n Distance from storage and destruction sites and accessibility; \\n Financial resources available; \\n Requisite equipment and materials available; \\n Environmental impact.The most commonly used methods in DDR settings are open burning and open detonation. These are regarded as the easiest ways to destroy ammunition and often present the most cost- effective solution; they are also highly symbolic and can serve as effective mechanisms for building confidence in the DDR programme. \\n Open burning is generally used for the destruction of propellants and pyrotechnic compositions and has the potential to cause significant environmental harm. \\n Open detonation uses serviceable explosives as charges to destroy ammunition and requires a large cordon to ensure protection from the blast. This method is labour intensive and may not destroy all ammunition, requiring post-blast EOD clearance.The industrial-level destruction of ammunition and explosives combines the skills of production, mechanical, chemical and explosive engineering. It is a highly specialist occupation, and appropriate independent technical advice shall be taken during the planning phase if stockpile levels suggest that industrial destruction may be the safest, most environmentally friendly or most cost-effective option.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":755, "Sentence":"\\n Open burning is generally used for the destruction of propellants and pyrotechnic compositions and has the potential to cause significant environmental harm.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n open burning generally used destruction propellant pyrotechnic composition potential cause significant environmental harm ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex E: Destruction methods", "Heading2":"Destruction of ammunition and explosives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"IATG 10.10 shall serve as the basis for all destruction of ammunition and explosives activities. The following IMAS also cover the stockpile destruction of ammunition and explosives: \\n IMAS 11.10: \u2018Stockpile Destruction\u2019; \\n IMAS 11.20: \u2018Open Burning and Open Detonation (OBOD) Operations\u2019; \\n IMAS 11.30: \u2018National Planning Guidelines\u2019.The EOD expert will select the method according to: \\n Type and quantity of ammunition to be destroyed; \\n Availability of qualified human resources; \\n Location and type of destruction sites available; \\n Distance from storage and destruction sites and accessibility; \\n Financial resources available; \\n Requisite equipment and materials available; \\n Environmental impact.The most commonly used methods in DDR settings are open burning and open detonation. These are regarded as the easiest ways to destroy ammunition and often present the most cost- effective solution; they are also highly symbolic and can serve as effective mechanisms for building confidence in the DDR programme. \\n Open burning is generally used for the destruction of propellants and pyrotechnic compositions and has the potential to cause significant environmental harm. \\n Open detonation uses serviceable explosives as charges to destroy ammunition and requires a large cordon to ensure protection from the blast. This method is labour intensive and may not destroy all ammunition, requiring post-blast EOD clearance.The industrial-level destruction of ammunition and explosives combines the skills of production, mechanical, chemical and explosive engineering. It is a highly specialist occupation, and appropriate independent technical advice shall be taken during the planning phase if stockpile levels suggest that industrial destruction may be the safest, most environmentally friendly or most cost-effective option.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":755, "Sentence":"\\n Open detonation uses serviceable explosives as charges to destroy ammunition and requires a large cordon to ensure protection from the blast.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n open detonation us serviceable explosive charge destroy ammunition requires large cordon ensure protection blast ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex E: Destruction methods", "Heading2":"Destruction of ammunition and explosives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"IATG 10.10 shall serve as the basis for all destruction of ammunition and explosives activities. The following IMAS also cover the stockpile destruction of ammunition and explosives: \\n IMAS 11.10: \u2018Stockpile Destruction\u2019; \\n IMAS 11.20: \u2018Open Burning and Open Detonation (OBOD) Operations\u2019; \\n IMAS 11.30: \u2018National Planning Guidelines\u2019.The EOD expert will select the method according to: \\n Type and quantity of ammunition to be destroyed; \\n Availability of qualified human resources; \\n Location and type of destruction sites available; \\n Distance from storage and destruction sites and accessibility; \\n Financial resources available; \\n Requisite equipment and materials available; \\n Environmental impact.The most commonly used methods in DDR settings are open burning and open detonation. These are regarded as the easiest ways to destroy ammunition and often present the most cost- effective solution; they are also highly symbolic and can serve as effective mechanisms for building confidence in the DDR programme. \\n Open burning is generally used for the destruction of propellants and pyrotechnic compositions and has the potential to cause significant environmental harm. \\n Open detonation uses serviceable explosives as charges to destroy ammunition and requires a large cordon to ensure protection from the blast. This method is labour intensive and may not destroy all ammunition, requiring post-blast EOD clearance.The industrial-level destruction of ammunition and explosives combines the skills of production, mechanical, chemical and explosive engineering. It is a highly specialist occupation, and appropriate independent technical advice shall be taken during the planning phase if stockpile levels suggest that industrial destruction may be the safest, most environmentally friendly or most cost-effective option.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":755, "Sentence":"This method is labour intensive and may not destroy all ammunition, requiring post-blast EOD clearance.The industrial-level destruction of ammunition and explosives combines the skills of production, mechanical, chemical and explosive engineering.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament method labour intensive may destroy ammunition requiring postblast eod clearance.the industriallevel destruction ammunition explosive combine skill production mechanical chemical explosive engineering ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Annex E: Destruction methods", "Heading2":"Destruction of ammunition and explosives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"IATG 10.10 shall serve as the basis for all destruction of ammunition and explosives activities. The following IMAS also cover the stockpile destruction of ammunition and explosives: \\n IMAS 11.10: \u2018Stockpile Destruction\u2019; \\n IMAS 11.20: \u2018Open Burning and Open Detonation (OBOD) Operations\u2019; \\n IMAS 11.30: \u2018National Planning Guidelines\u2019.The EOD expert will select the method according to: \\n Type and quantity of ammunition to be destroyed; \\n Availability of qualified human resources; \\n Location and type of destruction sites available; \\n Distance from storage and destruction sites and accessibility; \\n Financial resources available; \\n Requisite equipment and materials available; \\n Environmental impact.The most commonly used methods in DDR settings are open burning and open detonation. These are regarded as the easiest ways to destroy ammunition and often present the most cost- effective solution; they are also highly symbolic and can serve as effective mechanisms for building confidence in the DDR programme. \\n Open burning is generally used for the destruction of propellants and pyrotechnic compositions and has the potential to cause significant environmental harm. \\n Open detonation uses serviceable explosives as charges to destroy ammunition and requires a large cordon to ensure protection from the blast. This method is labour intensive and may not destroy all ammunition, requiring post-blast EOD clearance.The industrial-level destruction of ammunition and explosives combines the skills of production, mechanical, chemical and explosive engineering. It is a highly specialist occupation, and appropriate independent technical advice shall be taken during the planning phase if stockpile levels suggest that industrial destruction may be the safest, most environmentally friendly or most cost-effective option.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":755, "Sentence":"It is a highly specialist occupation, and appropriate independent technical advice shall be taken during the planning phase if stockpile levels suggest that industrial destruction may be the safest, most environmentally friendly or most cost-effective option.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament highly specialist occupation appropriate independent technical advice shall taken planning phase stockpile level suggest industrial destruction may safest environmentally friendly costeffective option ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n 2 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/ammunition \\n 3 The seven categories of major conventional arms, as defined by the UN Register of Conventional Arms, can be found at: https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/transparency-in -armaments\/ \\n 4 See Operative Paragraph 6 of UN Security Council resolution 2370 (2017) and Operative Paragraph 10 of UN Security Council resolution 2482 (2019); and Section VI. Preventing and combating the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons and Guiding Principle 52 of Security Council\u2019s 2018 Addendum to the Madrid Guiding Principles (S\/2018\/1177). \\n 5 See DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11. \\n 6 See ibid., Annex 6. \\n 7 Aside from those containing high explosive (HE) material. \\n 8 See Seesac. Defence Conversion \u2013 The Disposal and Demilitarization of Heavy Weapons Systems. 2006. \\n 9 See OSCE. 2018. Best Practice Guide: Minimum Standards for National Procedures for the Deactivation of SALW.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":756, "Sentence":"\\n 1 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n 1 https\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n 2 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/ammunition \\n 3 The seven categories of major conventional arms, as defined by the UN Register of Conventional Arms, can be found at: https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/transparency-in -armaments\/ \\n 4 See Operative Paragraph 6 of UN Security Council resolution 2370 (2017) and Operative Paragraph 10 of UN Security Council resolution 2482 (2019); and Section VI. Preventing and combating the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons and Guiding Principle 52 of Security Council\u2019s 2018 Addendum to the Madrid Guiding Principles (S\/2018\/1177). \\n 5 See DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11. \\n 6 See ibid., Annex 6. \\n 7 Aside from those containing high explosive (HE) material. \\n 8 See Seesac. Defence Conversion \u2013 The Disposal and Demilitarization of Heavy Weapons Systems. 2006. \\n 9 See OSCE. 2018. Best Practice Guide: Minimum Standards for National Procedures for the Deactivation of SALW.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":756, "Sentence":"\\n 2 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/ammunition \\n 3 The seven categories of major conventional arms, as defined by the UN Register of Conventional Arms, can be found at: https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/transparency-in -armaments\/ \\n 4 See Operative Paragraph 6 of UN Security Council resolution 2370 (2017) and Operative Paragraph 10 of UN Security Council resolution 2482 (2019); and Section VI.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n 2 https\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/ammunition n 3 seven category major conventional arm defined un register conventional arm found https\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/transparencyin armaments\/ n 4 see operative paragraph 6 un security council resolution 2370 2017 operative paragraph 10 un security council resolution 2482 2019 section vi ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n 2 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/ammunition \\n 3 The seven categories of major conventional arms, as defined by the UN Register of Conventional Arms, can be found at: https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/transparency-in -armaments\/ \\n 4 See Operative Paragraph 6 of UN Security Council resolution 2370 (2017) and Operative Paragraph 10 of UN Security Council resolution 2482 (2019); and Section VI. Preventing and combating the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons and Guiding Principle 52 of Security Council\u2019s 2018 Addendum to the Madrid Guiding Principles (S\/2018\/1177). \\n 5 See DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11. \\n 6 See ibid., Annex 6. \\n 7 Aside from those containing high explosive (HE) material. \\n 8 See Seesac. Defence Conversion \u2013 The Disposal and Demilitarization of Heavy Weapons Systems. 2006. \\n 9 See OSCE. 2018. Best Practice Guide: Minimum Standards for National Procedures for the Deactivation of SALW.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":756, "Sentence":"Preventing and combating the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons and Guiding Principle 52 of Security Council\u2019s 2018 Addendum to the Madrid Guiding Principles (S\/2018\/1177).", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament preventing combating illicit trafficking small arm light weapon guiding principle 52 security council \u2019 2018 addendum madrid guiding principle s\/2018\/1177 ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n 2 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/ammunition \\n 3 The seven categories of major conventional arms, as defined by the UN Register of Conventional Arms, can be found at: https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/transparency-in -armaments\/ \\n 4 See Operative Paragraph 6 of UN Security Council resolution 2370 (2017) and Operative Paragraph 10 of UN Security Council resolution 2482 (2019); and Section VI. Preventing and combating the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons and Guiding Principle 52 of Security Council\u2019s 2018 Addendum to the Madrid Guiding Principles (S\/2018\/1177). \\n 5 See DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11. \\n 6 See ibid., Annex 6. \\n 7 Aside from those containing high explosive (HE) material. \\n 8 See Seesac. Defence Conversion \u2013 The Disposal and Demilitarization of Heavy Weapons Systems. 2006. \\n 9 See OSCE. 2018. Best Practice Guide: Minimum Standards for National Procedures for the Deactivation of SALW.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":756, "Sentence":"\\n 5 See DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n 5 see ddr wam handbook unit 11 ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n 2 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/ammunition \\n 3 The seven categories of major conventional arms, as defined by the UN Register of Conventional Arms, can be found at: https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/transparency-in -armaments\/ \\n 4 See Operative Paragraph 6 of UN Security Council resolution 2370 (2017) and Operative Paragraph 10 of UN Security Council resolution 2482 (2019); and Section VI. Preventing and combating the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons and Guiding Principle 52 of Security Council\u2019s 2018 Addendum to the Madrid Guiding Principles (S\/2018\/1177). \\n 5 See DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11. \\n 6 See ibid., Annex 6. \\n 7 Aside from those containing high explosive (HE) material. \\n 8 See Seesac. Defence Conversion \u2013 The Disposal and Demilitarization of Heavy Weapons Systems. 2006. \\n 9 See OSCE. 2018. Best Practice Guide: Minimum Standards for National Procedures for the Deactivation of SALW.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":756, "Sentence":"\\n 6 See ibid., Annex 6.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n 6 see ibid . annex 6 ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n 2 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/ammunition \\n 3 The seven categories of major conventional arms, as defined by the UN Register of Conventional Arms, can be found at: https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/transparency-in -armaments\/ \\n 4 See Operative Paragraph 6 of UN Security Council resolution 2370 (2017) and Operative Paragraph 10 of UN Security Council resolution 2482 (2019); and Section VI. Preventing and combating the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons and Guiding Principle 52 of Security Council\u2019s 2018 Addendum to the Madrid Guiding Principles (S\/2018\/1177). \\n 5 See DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11. \\n 6 See ibid., Annex 6. \\n 7 Aside from those containing high explosive (HE) material. \\n 8 See Seesac. Defence Conversion \u2013 The Disposal and Demilitarization of Heavy Weapons Systems. 2006. \\n 9 See OSCE. 2018. Best Practice Guide: Minimum Standards for National Procedures for the Deactivation of SALW.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":756, "Sentence":"\\n 7 Aside from those containing high explosive (HE) material.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n 7 aside containing high explosive material ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n 2 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/ammunition \\n 3 The seven categories of major conventional arms, as defined by the UN Register of Conventional Arms, can be found at: https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/transparency-in -armaments\/ \\n 4 See Operative Paragraph 6 of UN Security Council resolution 2370 (2017) and Operative Paragraph 10 of UN Security Council resolution 2482 (2019); and Section VI. Preventing and combating the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons and Guiding Principle 52 of Security Council\u2019s 2018 Addendum to the Madrid Guiding Principles (S\/2018\/1177). \\n 5 See DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11. \\n 6 See ibid., Annex 6. \\n 7 Aside from those containing high explosive (HE) material. \\n 8 See Seesac. Defence Conversion \u2013 The Disposal and Demilitarization of Heavy Weapons Systems. 2006. \\n 9 See OSCE. 2018. Best Practice Guide: Minimum Standards for National Procedures for the Deactivation of SALW.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":756, "Sentence":"\\n 8 See Seesac.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n 8 see seesac ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n 2 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/ammunition \\n 3 The seven categories of major conventional arms, as defined by the UN Register of Conventional Arms, can be found at: https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/transparency-in -armaments\/ \\n 4 See Operative Paragraph 6 of UN Security Council resolution 2370 (2017) and Operative Paragraph 10 of UN Security Council resolution 2482 (2019); and Section VI. Preventing and combating the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons and Guiding Principle 52 of Security Council\u2019s 2018 Addendum to the Madrid Guiding Principles (S\/2018\/1177). \\n 5 See DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11. \\n 6 See ibid., Annex 6. \\n 7 Aside from those containing high explosive (HE) material. \\n 8 See Seesac. Defence Conversion \u2013 The Disposal and Demilitarization of Heavy Weapons Systems. 2006. \\n 9 See OSCE. 2018. Best Practice Guide: Minimum Standards for National Procedures for the Deactivation of SALW.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":756, "Sentence":"Defence Conversion \u2013 The Disposal and Demilitarization of Heavy Weapons Systems.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament defence conversion \u2013 disposal demilitarization heavy weapon system ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n 2 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/ammunition \\n 3 The seven categories of major conventional arms, as defined by the UN Register of Conventional Arms, can be found at: https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/transparency-in -armaments\/ \\n 4 See Operative Paragraph 6 of UN Security Council resolution 2370 (2017) and Operative Paragraph 10 of UN Security Council resolution 2482 (2019); and Section VI. Preventing and combating the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons and Guiding Principle 52 of Security Council\u2019s 2018 Addendum to the Madrid Guiding Principles (S\/2018\/1177). \\n 5 See DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11. \\n 6 See ibid., Annex 6. \\n 7 Aside from those containing high explosive (HE) material. \\n 8 See Seesac. Defence Conversion \u2013 The Disposal and Demilitarization of Heavy Weapons Systems. 2006. \\n 9 See OSCE. 2018. Best Practice Guide: Minimum Standards for National Procedures for the Deactivation of SALW.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":756, "Sentence":"2006.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament 2006 ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n 2 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/ammunition \\n 3 The seven categories of major conventional arms, as defined by the UN Register of Conventional Arms, can be found at: https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/transparency-in -armaments\/ \\n 4 See Operative Paragraph 6 of UN Security Council resolution 2370 (2017) and Operative Paragraph 10 of UN Security Council resolution 2482 (2019); and Section VI. Preventing and combating the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons and Guiding Principle 52 of Security Council\u2019s 2018 Addendum to the Madrid Guiding Principles (S\/2018\/1177). \\n 5 See DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11. \\n 6 See ibid., Annex 6. \\n 7 Aside from those containing high explosive (HE) material. \\n 8 See Seesac. Defence Conversion \u2013 The Disposal and Demilitarization of Heavy Weapons Systems. 2006. \\n 9 See OSCE. 2018. Best Practice Guide: Minimum Standards for National Procedures for the Deactivation of SALW.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":756, "Sentence":"\\n 9 See OSCE.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament n 9 see osce ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n 2 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/ammunition \\n 3 The seven categories of major conventional arms, as defined by the UN Register of Conventional Arms, can be found at: https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/transparency-in -armaments\/ \\n 4 See Operative Paragraph 6 of UN Security Council resolution 2370 (2017) and Operative Paragraph 10 of UN Security Council resolution 2482 (2019); and Section VI. Preventing and combating the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons and Guiding Principle 52 of Security Council\u2019s 2018 Addendum to the Madrid Guiding Principles (S\/2018\/1177). \\n 5 See DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11. \\n 6 See ibid., Annex 6. \\n 7 Aside from those containing high explosive (HE) material. \\n 8 See Seesac. Defence Conversion \u2013 The Disposal and Demilitarization of Heavy Weapons Systems. 2006. \\n 9 See OSCE. 2018. Best Practice Guide: Minimum Standards for National Procedures for the Deactivation of SALW.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":756, "Sentence":"2018.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament 2018 ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.10-Disarmament", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Disarmament", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n 2 https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/ammunition \\n 3 The seven categories of major conventional arms, as defined by the UN Register of Conventional Arms, can be found at: https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/transparency-in -armaments\/ \\n 4 See Operative Paragraph 6 of UN Security Council resolution 2370 (2017) and Operative Paragraph 10 of UN Security Council resolution 2482 (2019); and Section VI. Preventing and combating the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons and Guiding Principle 52 of Security Council\u2019s 2018 Addendum to the Madrid Guiding Principles (S\/2018\/1177). \\n 5 See DDR WAM Handbook Unit 11. \\n 6 See ibid., Annex 6. \\n 7 Aside from those containing high explosive (HE) material. \\n 8 See Seesac. Defence Conversion \u2013 The Disposal and Demilitarization of Heavy Weapons Systems. 2006. \\n 9 See OSCE. 2018. Best Practice Guide: Minimum Standards for National Procedures for the Deactivation of SALW.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":756, "Sentence":"Best Practice Guide: Minimum Standards for National Procedures for the Deactivation of SALW.", "ProcessedSent":"Disarmament best practice guide minimum standard national procedure deactivation salw ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners increasingly operate in contexts with fragmented but well-equipped armed groups and acute levels of proliferation of illicit weapons, ammunition and ex- plosives. In settings where armed conflict is ongoing and peace agreements have been neither signed nor implemented, disarmament as part of a DDR programme may not be the most suitable approach to control the circulation of weapons, ammunition and explosives because armed groups may be reluctant to disarm without strong security guarantees (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Instead, these contexts require the de- sign and implementation of innovative DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM).When implemented as part of a DDR process (either with or without a DDR pro- gramme), transitional WAM has two primary aims: to reduce the capacity of individ- uals and groups to engage in armed conflict, and to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the illicit possession of weapons, ammuni- tion and explosives. By supporting better arms control and preventing the diversion of weapons, ammunition and explosives to unauthorized end users, transitional WAM can be a strong component of the sustaining peace approach and contribute to pre- venting the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). In settings where a peace agreement has been signed and the necessary preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, transitional WAM can also be used before, during and after DDR programmes as a complementary measure (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":757, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners increasingly operate in contexts with fragmented but well-equipped armed groups and acute levels of proliferation of illicit weapons, ammunition and ex- plosives.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management ddr practitioner increasingly operate context fragmented wellequipped armed group acute level proliferation illicit weapon ammunition ex plosive ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners increasingly operate in contexts with fragmented but well-equipped armed groups and acute levels of proliferation of illicit weapons, ammunition and ex- plosives. In settings where armed conflict is ongoing and peace agreements have been neither signed nor implemented, disarmament as part of a DDR programme may not be the most suitable approach to control the circulation of weapons, ammunition and explosives because armed groups may be reluctant to disarm without strong security guarantees (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Instead, these contexts require the de- sign and implementation of innovative DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM).When implemented as part of a DDR process (either with or without a DDR pro- gramme), transitional WAM has two primary aims: to reduce the capacity of individ- uals and groups to engage in armed conflict, and to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the illicit possession of weapons, ammuni- tion and explosives. By supporting better arms control and preventing the diversion of weapons, ammunition and explosives to unauthorized end users, transitional WAM can be a strong component of the sustaining peace approach and contribute to pre- venting the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). In settings where a peace agreement has been signed and the necessary preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, transitional WAM can also be used before, during and after DDR programmes as a complementary measure (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":757, "Sentence":"In settings where armed conflict is ongoing and peace agreements have been neither signed nor implemented, disarmament as part of a DDR programme may not be the most suitable approach to control the circulation of weapons, ammunition and explosives because armed groups may be reluctant to disarm without strong security guarantees (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management setting armed conflict ongoing peace agreement neither signed implemented disarmament part ddr programme may suitable approach control circulation weapon ammunition explosive armed group may reluctant disarm without strong security guarantee see iddrs 4.10 disarmament ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners increasingly operate in contexts with fragmented but well-equipped armed groups and acute levels of proliferation of illicit weapons, ammunition and ex- plosives. In settings where armed conflict is ongoing and peace agreements have been neither signed nor implemented, disarmament as part of a DDR programme may not be the most suitable approach to control the circulation of weapons, ammunition and explosives because armed groups may be reluctant to disarm without strong security guarantees (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Instead, these contexts require the de- sign and implementation of innovative DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM).When implemented as part of a DDR process (either with or without a DDR pro- gramme), transitional WAM has two primary aims: to reduce the capacity of individ- uals and groups to engage in armed conflict, and to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the illicit possession of weapons, ammuni- tion and explosives. By supporting better arms control and preventing the diversion of weapons, ammunition and explosives to unauthorized end users, transitional WAM can be a strong component of the sustaining peace approach and contribute to pre- venting the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). In settings where a peace agreement has been signed and the necessary preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, transitional WAM can also be used before, during and after DDR programmes as a complementary measure (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":757, "Sentence":"Instead, these contexts require the de- sign and implementation of innovative DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM).When implemented as part of a DDR process (either with or without a DDR pro- gramme), transitional WAM has two primary aims: to reduce the capacity of individ- uals and groups to engage in armed conflict, and to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the illicit possession of weapons, ammuni- tion and explosives.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management instead context require de sign implementation innovative ddrrelated tool transitional weapon ammunition management wam.when implemented part ddr process either without ddr pro gramme transitional wam two primary aim reduce capacity individ uals group engage armed conflict reduce accident save life addressing immediate risk related illicit possession weapon ammuni tion explosive ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners increasingly operate in contexts with fragmented but well-equipped armed groups and acute levels of proliferation of illicit weapons, ammunition and ex- plosives. In settings where armed conflict is ongoing and peace agreements have been neither signed nor implemented, disarmament as part of a DDR programme may not be the most suitable approach to control the circulation of weapons, ammunition and explosives because armed groups may be reluctant to disarm without strong security guarantees (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Instead, these contexts require the de- sign and implementation of innovative DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM).When implemented as part of a DDR process (either with or without a DDR pro- gramme), transitional WAM has two primary aims: to reduce the capacity of individ- uals and groups to engage in armed conflict, and to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the illicit possession of weapons, ammuni- tion and explosives. By supporting better arms control and preventing the diversion of weapons, ammunition and explosives to unauthorized end users, transitional WAM can be a strong component of the sustaining peace approach and contribute to pre- venting the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). In settings where a peace agreement has been signed and the necessary preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, transitional WAM can also be used before, during and after DDR programmes as a complementary measure (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":757, "Sentence":"By supporting better arms control and preventing the diversion of weapons, ammunition and explosives to unauthorized end users, transitional WAM can be a strong component of the sustaining peace approach and contribute to pre- venting the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management supporting better arm control preventing diversion weapon ammunition explosive unauthorized end user transitional wam strong component sustaining peace approach contribute pre venting outbreak escalation continuation recurrence conflict see iddrs 2.40 reintegration part sustaining peace ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners increasingly operate in contexts with fragmented but well-equipped armed groups and acute levels of proliferation of illicit weapons, ammunition and ex- plosives. In settings where armed conflict is ongoing and peace agreements have been neither signed nor implemented, disarmament as part of a DDR programme may not be the most suitable approach to control the circulation of weapons, ammunition and explosives because armed groups may be reluctant to disarm without strong security guarantees (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Instead, these contexts require the de- sign and implementation of innovative DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM).When implemented as part of a DDR process (either with or without a DDR pro- gramme), transitional WAM has two primary aims: to reduce the capacity of individ- uals and groups to engage in armed conflict, and to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the illicit possession of weapons, ammuni- tion and explosives. By supporting better arms control and preventing the diversion of weapons, ammunition and explosives to unauthorized end users, transitional WAM can be a strong component of the sustaining peace approach and contribute to pre- venting the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). In settings where a peace agreement has been signed and the necessary preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, transitional WAM can also be used before, during and after DDR programmes as a complementary measure (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":757, "Sentence":"In settings where a peace agreement has been signed and the necessary preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, transitional WAM can also be used before, during and after DDR programmes as a complementary measure (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management setting peace agreement signed necessary precondition ddr programme place transitional wam also used ddr programme complementary measure see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"As shown in Figure 1, DDR arms control activities include: (1) disarmament as part of a DDR programme and (2) transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool. This sub-module, which should be read as a complement to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, aims to equip DDR practitioners with the basic legal, programmatic and technical knowledge to de- sign and implement safe and effective transitional WAM in both mission and non-mis- sion contexts.This sub-module also provides guidance on how transitional WAM implemented as part of a DDR process should align with and reinforce security sector reform (SSR), as well as national small arms and light weapons (SALW) control strategies.When collecting, registering, storing, transporting, and disposing of weapons, ammunition and explosives during transitional WAM the core guidelines outlined in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament apply. As such, DDR-related transitional WAM should always adhere to United Nations standards and guidelines, namely the Modular small- arms-control Implementation Compendium (MOSAIC) and International Ammunition Technical Guidelines (IATG).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":758, "Sentence":"As shown in Figure 1, DDR arms control activities include: (1) disarmament as part of a DDR programme and (2) transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management shown figure 1 ddr arm control activity include 1 disarmament part ddr programme 2 transitional wam ddrrelated tool ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"As shown in Figure 1, DDR arms control activities include: (1) disarmament as part of a DDR programme and (2) transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool. This sub-module, which should be read as a complement to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, aims to equip DDR practitioners with the basic legal, programmatic and technical knowledge to de- sign and implement safe and effective transitional WAM in both mission and non-mis- sion contexts.This sub-module also provides guidance on how transitional WAM implemented as part of a DDR process should align with and reinforce security sector reform (SSR), as well as national small arms and light weapons (SALW) control strategies.When collecting, registering, storing, transporting, and disposing of weapons, ammunition and explosives during transitional WAM the core guidelines outlined in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament apply. As such, DDR-related transitional WAM should always adhere to United Nations standards and guidelines, namely the Modular small- arms-control Implementation Compendium (MOSAIC) and International Ammunition Technical Guidelines (IATG).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":758, "Sentence":"This sub-module, which should be read as a complement to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, aims to equip DDR practitioners with the basic legal, programmatic and technical knowledge to de- sign and implement safe and effective transitional WAM in both mission and non-mis- sion contexts.This sub-module also provides guidance on how transitional WAM implemented as part of a DDR process should align with and reinforce security sector reform (SSR), as well as national small arms and light weapons (SALW) control strategies.When collecting, registering, storing, transporting, and disposing of weapons, ammunition and explosives during transitional WAM the core guidelines outlined in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament apply.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management submodule read complement iddrs 4.10 disarmament aim equip ddr practitioner basic legal programmatic technical knowledge de sign implement safe effective transitional wam mission nonmis sion contexts.this submodule also provides guidance transitional wam implemented part ddr process align reinforce security sector reform ssr well national small arm light weapon salw control strategies.when collecting registering storing transporting disposing weapon ammunition explosive transitional wam core guideline outlined iddrs 4.10 disarmament apply ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"As shown in Figure 1, DDR arms control activities include: (1) disarmament as part of a DDR programme and (2) transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool. This sub-module, which should be read as a complement to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, aims to equip DDR practitioners with the basic legal, programmatic and technical knowledge to de- sign and implement safe and effective transitional WAM in both mission and non-mis- sion contexts.This sub-module also provides guidance on how transitional WAM implemented as part of a DDR process should align with and reinforce security sector reform (SSR), as well as national small arms and light weapons (SALW) control strategies.When collecting, registering, storing, transporting, and disposing of weapons, ammunition and explosives during transitional WAM the core guidelines outlined in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament apply. As such, DDR-related transitional WAM should always adhere to United Nations standards and guidelines, namely the Modular small- arms-control Implementation Compendium (MOSAIC) and International Ammunition Technical Guidelines (IATG).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":758, "Sentence":"As such, DDR-related transitional WAM should always adhere to United Nations standards and guidelines, namely the Modular small- arms-control Implementation Compendium (MOSAIC) and International Ammunition Technical Guidelines (IATG).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management ddrrelated transitional wam always adhere united nation standard guideline namely modular small armscontrol implementation compendium mosaic international ammunition technical guideline iatg ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Weapons and ammunition management (WAM) is the oversight, accountability and management of arms and ammunition throughout their lifecycle, including the estab- lishment of frameworks, processes and practices for safe and secure materiel acquisi- tion, stockpiling, transfers, tracing and disposal.1 WAM does not only focus on small arms and light weapons, but on a broader range of conventional weapons including ammunition and artillery.Transitional WAM is a series of interim arms control measures that can be imple- mented by DDR practitioners before, after and alongside DDR programmes. Transi- tional WAM can also be implemented when the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent. The transitional WAM component of a DDR process is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three per- sons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. \\n Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, re- coilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. \\n Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, re- volvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":759, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management annex contains list abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Weapons and ammunition management (WAM) is the oversight, accountability and management of arms and ammunition throughout their lifecycle, including the estab- lishment of frameworks, processes and practices for safe and secure materiel acquisi- tion, stockpiling, transfers, tracing and disposal.1 WAM does not only focus on small arms and light weapons, but on a broader range of conventional weapons including ammunition and artillery.Transitional WAM is a series of interim arms control measures that can be imple- mented by DDR practitioners before, after and alongside DDR programmes. Transi- tional WAM can also be implemented when the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent. The transitional WAM component of a DDR process is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three per- sons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. \\n Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, re- coilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. \\n Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, re- volvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":759, "Sentence":"A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management complete glossary term definition abbreviation used iddrs series given iddrs 1.20.in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Weapons and ammunition management (WAM) is the oversight, accountability and management of arms and ammunition throughout their lifecycle, including the estab- lishment of frameworks, processes and practices for safe and secure materiel acquisi- tion, stockpiling, transfers, tracing and disposal.1 WAM does not only focus on small arms and light weapons, but on a broader range of conventional weapons including ammunition and artillery.Transitional WAM is a series of interim arms control measures that can be imple- mented by DDR practitioners before, after and alongside DDR programmes. Transi- tional WAM can also be implemented when the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent. The transitional WAM component of a DDR process is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three per- sons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. \\n Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, re- coilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. \\n Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, re- volvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":759, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management use consistent language used international organization standardization iso standard guideline n ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Weapons and ammunition management (WAM) is the oversight, accountability and management of arms and ammunition throughout their lifecycle, including the estab- lishment of frameworks, processes and practices for safe and secure materiel acquisi- tion, stockpiling, transfers, tracing and disposal.1 WAM does not only focus on small arms and light weapons, but on a broader range of conventional weapons including ammunition and artillery.Transitional WAM is a series of interim arms control measures that can be imple- mented by DDR practitioners before, after and alongside DDR programmes. Transi- tional WAM can also be implemented when the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent. The transitional WAM component of a DDR process is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three per- sons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. \\n Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, re- coilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. \\n Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, re- volvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":759, "Sentence":"\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n b ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Weapons and ammunition management (WAM) is the oversight, accountability and management of arms and ammunition throughout their lifecycle, including the estab- lishment of frameworks, processes and practices for safe and secure materiel acquisi- tion, stockpiling, transfers, tracing and disposal.1 WAM does not only focus on small arms and light weapons, but on a broader range of conventional weapons including ammunition and artillery.Transitional WAM is a series of interim arms control measures that can be imple- mented by DDR practitioners before, after and alongside DDR programmes. Transi- tional WAM can also be implemented when the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent. The transitional WAM component of a DDR process is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three per- sons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. \\n Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, re- coilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. \\n Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, re- volvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":759, "Sentence":"\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Weapons and ammunition management (WAM) is the oversight, accountability and management of arms and ammunition throughout their lifecycle, including the estab- lishment of frameworks, processes and practices for safe and secure materiel acquisi- tion, stockpiling, transfers, tracing and disposal.1 WAM does not only focus on small arms and light weapons, but on a broader range of conventional weapons including ammunition and artillery.Transitional WAM is a series of interim arms control measures that can be imple- mented by DDR practitioners before, after and alongside DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n c. \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action n d. \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability n e. \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation.weapons ammunition management wam oversight accountability management arm ammunition throughout lifecycle including estab lishment framework process practice safe secure materiel acquisi tion stockpiling transfer tracing disposal.1 wam focus small arm light weapon broader range conventional weapon including ammunition artillery.transitional wam series interim arm control measure imple mented ddr practitioner alongside ddr programme ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Weapons and ammunition management (WAM) is the oversight, accountability and management of arms and ammunition throughout their lifecycle, including the estab- lishment of frameworks, processes and practices for safe and secure materiel acquisi- tion, stockpiling, transfers, tracing and disposal.1 WAM does not only focus on small arms and light weapons, but on a broader range of conventional weapons including ammunition and artillery.Transitional WAM is a series of interim arms control measures that can be imple- mented by DDR practitioners before, after and alongside DDR programmes. Transi- tional WAM can also be implemented when the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent. The transitional WAM component of a DDR process is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three per- sons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. \\n Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, re- coilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. \\n Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, re- volvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":759, "Sentence":"Transi- tional WAM can also be implemented when the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management transi tional wam also implemented precondition ddr programme absent ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Weapons and ammunition management (WAM) is the oversight, accountability and management of arms and ammunition throughout their lifecycle, including the estab- lishment of frameworks, processes and practices for safe and secure materiel acquisi- tion, stockpiling, transfers, tracing and disposal.1 WAM does not only focus on small arms and light weapons, but on a broader range of conventional weapons including ammunition and artillery.Transitional WAM is a series of interim arms control measures that can be imple- mented by DDR practitioners before, after and alongside DDR programmes. Transi- tional WAM can also be implemented when the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent. The transitional WAM component of a DDR process is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three per- sons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. \\n Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, re- coilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. \\n Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, re- volvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":759, "Sentence":"The transitional WAM component of a DDR process is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management transitional wam component ddr process primarily aimed reducing capacity individual group engage armed violence conflict ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Weapons and ammunition management (WAM) is the oversight, accountability and management of arms and ammunition throughout their lifecycle, including the estab- lishment of frameworks, processes and practices for safe and secure materiel acquisi- tion, stockpiling, transfers, tracing and disposal.1 WAM does not only focus on small arms and light weapons, but on a broader range of conventional weapons including ammunition and artillery.Transitional WAM is a series of interim arms control measures that can be imple- mented by DDR practitioners before, after and alongside DDR programmes. Transi- tional WAM can also be implemented when the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent. The transitional WAM component of a DDR process is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three per- sons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. \\n Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, re- coilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. \\n Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, re- volvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":759, "Sentence":"Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three per- sons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management transitional wam also aim reduce accident save life addressing immediate risk related possession weapon ammunition explosives.light weapon manportable lethal weapon designed use two three per son serving crew although may carried used single person expels launch designed expel launch may readily converted expel launch shot bullet projectile action explosive ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Weapons and ammunition management (WAM) is the oversight, accountability and management of arms and ammunition throughout their lifecycle, including the estab- lishment of frameworks, processes and practices for safe and secure materiel acquisi- tion, stockpiling, transfers, tracing and disposal.1 WAM does not only focus on small arms and light weapons, but on a broader range of conventional weapons including ammunition and artillery.Transitional WAM is a series of interim arms control measures that can be imple- mented by DDR practitioners before, after and alongside DDR programmes. Transi- tional WAM can also be implemented when the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent. The transitional WAM component of a DDR process is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three per- sons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. \\n Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, re- coilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. \\n Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, re- volvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":759, "Sentence":"\\n Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, re- coilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n note 1 includes inter alia heavy machine gun handheld underbarrel mounted grenade launcher portable antiaircraft gun portable antitank gun coilless rifle portable launcher anti tank missile rocket system portable launcher antiaircraft missile system mortar calibre le 100 millimetre well part component ammunition ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Weapons and ammunition management (WAM) is the oversight, accountability and management of arms and ammunition throughout their lifecycle, including the estab- lishment of frameworks, processes and practices for safe and secure materiel acquisi- tion, stockpiling, transfers, tracing and disposal.1 WAM does not only focus on small arms and light weapons, but on a broader range of conventional weapons including ammunition and artillery.Transitional WAM is a series of interim arms control measures that can be imple- mented by DDR practitioners before, after and alongside DDR programmes. Transi- tional WAM can also be implemented when the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent. The transitional WAM component of a DDR process is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three per- sons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. \\n Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, re- coilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. \\n Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, re- volvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":759, "Sentence":"\\n Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n note 2 excludes antique light weapon replicas.small arm manportable lethal weapon designed individual use expels launch designed expel launch may readily converted expel launch shot bullet projectile action explosive ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Weapons and ammunition management (WAM) is the oversight, accountability and management of arms and ammunition throughout their lifecycle, including the estab- lishment of frameworks, processes and practices for safe and secure materiel acquisi- tion, stockpiling, transfers, tracing and disposal.1 WAM does not only focus on small arms and light weapons, but on a broader range of conventional weapons including ammunition and artillery.Transitional WAM is a series of interim arms control measures that can be imple- mented by DDR practitioners before, after and alongside DDR programmes. Transi- tional WAM can also be implemented when the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent. The transitional WAM component of a DDR process is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three per- sons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. \\n Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, re- coilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. \\n Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, re- volvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":759, "Sentence":"Note 1: Includes, inter alia, re- volvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management note 1 includes inter alia volvers selfloading pistol rifle carbine submachine gun assault rifle light machine gun well part component ammunition ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a. \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b. \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c. \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d. \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e. \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Weapons and ammunition management (WAM) is the oversight, accountability and management of arms and ammunition throughout their lifecycle, including the estab- lishment of frameworks, processes and practices for safe and secure materiel acquisi- tion, stockpiling, transfers, tracing and disposal.1 WAM does not only focus on small arms and light weapons, but on a broader range of conventional weapons including ammunition and artillery.Transitional WAM is a series of interim arms control measures that can be imple- mented by DDR practitioners before, after and alongside DDR programmes. Transi- tional WAM can also be implemented when the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent. The transitional WAM component of a DDR process is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives.Light weapon: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for use by two or three per- sons serving as a crew (although some may be carried and used by a single person) that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. \\n Note 1: Includes, inter alia, heavy machine guns, hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers, portable anti-aircraft guns, portable anti-tank guns, re- coilless rifles, portable launchers of anti- tank missile and rocket systems, portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems, and mortars of a calibre of less than 100 millimetres, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. \\n Note 2: Excludes antique light weapons and their replicas.Small arm: Any man-portable lethal weapon designed for individual use that expels or launches, is designed to expel or launch, or may be readily converted to expel or launch a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive. Note 1: Includes, inter alia, re- volvers and self-loading pistols, rifles and carbines, sub-machine guns, assault rifles and light machine guns, as well as their parts, components and ammunition. Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":759, "Sentence":"Note 2 Excludes antique small arms and their replicas.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management note 2 excludes antique small arm replica ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are increasingly launched in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such situations, communities and individuals may take their own security measures, including through increased weapons ownership. Some armed groups may also be characterized as community self-defence forces or \u2018vigilante groups\u2019.The ownership of weapons, ammunition and explosives by individuals and armed groups carries a number of risks. For example, if armed groups store incompatible types of ammunition together then it may lead to explosions and surrounding loss of life. Furthermore, inadequately secured weapons and ammunition can facilitate inter-personal armed violence, including sexual and gender-based violence, as well as theft and diversion to the illicit market.In order to contribute to a more secure environment that is conducive to long-term stability, development and reconciliation, DDR practitioners may consider the use of transitional WAM. Transitional WAM may be used as an alternative to disarmament as part of a DDR programme or it can also be used before, during or after a DDR pro- gramme as a complementary measure. In both contexts, a multifaceted approach is required that addresses both the root causes of armed violence and the means through which that violence is perpetrated.Transitional WAM may therefore also be used in combination with programmes of Community Violence Reduction, particularly when these programmes include for- mer combatants or individuals at-risk of recruitment by armed groups (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Finally, transitional WAM may also be used in combination with activities that support the reintegration of former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":760, "Sentence":"DDR processes are increasingly launched in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management ddr process increasingly launched context member armed group community unwilling disarm concern security ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are increasingly launched in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such situations, communities and individuals may take their own security measures, including through increased weapons ownership. Some armed groups may also be characterized as community self-defence forces or \u2018vigilante groups\u2019.The ownership of weapons, ammunition and explosives by individuals and armed groups carries a number of risks. For example, if armed groups store incompatible types of ammunition together then it may lead to explosions and surrounding loss of life. Furthermore, inadequately secured weapons and ammunition can facilitate inter-personal armed violence, including sexual and gender-based violence, as well as theft and diversion to the illicit market.In order to contribute to a more secure environment that is conducive to long-term stability, development and reconciliation, DDR practitioners may consider the use of transitional WAM. Transitional WAM may be used as an alternative to disarmament as part of a DDR programme or it can also be used before, during or after a DDR pro- gramme as a complementary measure. In both contexts, a multifaceted approach is required that addresses both the root causes of armed violence and the means through which that violence is perpetrated.Transitional WAM may therefore also be used in combination with programmes of Community Violence Reduction, particularly when these programmes include for- mer combatants or individuals at-risk of recruitment by armed groups (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Finally, transitional WAM may also be used in combination with activities that support the reintegration of former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":760, "Sentence":"In such situations, communities and individuals may take their own security measures, including through increased weapons ownership.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management situation community individual may take security measure including increased weapon ownership ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are increasingly launched in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such situations, communities and individuals may take their own security measures, including through increased weapons ownership. Some armed groups may also be characterized as community self-defence forces or \u2018vigilante groups\u2019.The ownership of weapons, ammunition and explosives by individuals and armed groups carries a number of risks. For example, if armed groups store incompatible types of ammunition together then it may lead to explosions and surrounding loss of life. Furthermore, inadequately secured weapons and ammunition can facilitate inter-personal armed violence, including sexual and gender-based violence, as well as theft and diversion to the illicit market.In order to contribute to a more secure environment that is conducive to long-term stability, development and reconciliation, DDR practitioners may consider the use of transitional WAM. Transitional WAM may be used as an alternative to disarmament as part of a DDR programme or it can also be used before, during or after a DDR pro- gramme as a complementary measure. In both contexts, a multifaceted approach is required that addresses both the root causes of armed violence and the means through which that violence is perpetrated.Transitional WAM may therefore also be used in combination with programmes of Community Violence Reduction, particularly when these programmes include for- mer combatants or individuals at-risk of recruitment by armed groups (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Finally, transitional WAM may also be used in combination with activities that support the reintegration of former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":760, "Sentence":"Some armed groups may also be characterized as community self-defence forces or \u2018vigilante groups\u2019.The ownership of weapons, ammunition and explosives by individuals and armed groups carries a number of risks.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management armed group may also characterized community selfdefence force \u2018 vigilante group \u2019 .the ownership weapon ammunition explosive individual armed group carry number risk ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are increasingly launched in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such situations, communities and individuals may take their own security measures, including through increased weapons ownership. Some armed groups may also be characterized as community self-defence forces or \u2018vigilante groups\u2019.The ownership of weapons, ammunition and explosives by individuals and armed groups carries a number of risks. For example, if armed groups store incompatible types of ammunition together then it may lead to explosions and surrounding loss of life. Furthermore, inadequately secured weapons and ammunition can facilitate inter-personal armed violence, including sexual and gender-based violence, as well as theft and diversion to the illicit market.In order to contribute to a more secure environment that is conducive to long-term stability, development and reconciliation, DDR practitioners may consider the use of transitional WAM. Transitional WAM may be used as an alternative to disarmament as part of a DDR programme or it can also be used before, during or after a DDR pro- gramme as a complementary measure. In both contexts, a multifaceted approach is required that addresses both the root causes of armed violence and the means through which that violence is perpetrated.Transitional WAM may therefore also be used in combination with programmes of Community Violence Reduction, particularly when these programmes include for- mer combatants or individuals at-risk of recruitment by armed groups (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Finally, transitional WAM may also be used in combination with activities that support the reintegration of former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":760, "Sentence":"For example, if armed groups store incompatible types of ammunition together then it may lead to explosions and surrounding loss of life.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management example armed group store incompatible type ammunition together may lead explosion surrounding loss life ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are increasingly launched in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such situations, communities and individuals may take their own security measures, including through increased weapons ownership. Some armed groups may also be characterized as community self-defence forces or \u2018vigilante groups\u2019.The ownership of weapons, ammunition and explosives by individuals and armed groups carries a number of risks. For example, if armed groups store incompatible types of ammunition together then it may lead to explosions and surrounding loss of life. Furthermore, inadequately secured weapons and ammunition can facilitate inter-personal armed violence, including sexual and gender-based violence, as well as theft and diversion to the illicit market.In order to contribute to a more secure environment that is conducive to long-term stability, development and reconciliation, DDR practitioners may consider the use of transitional WAM. Transitional WAM may be used as an alternative to disarmament as part of a DDR programme or it can also be used before, during or after a DDR pro- gramme as a complementary measure. In both contexts, a multifaceted approach is required that addresses both the root causes of armed violence and the means through which that violence is perpetrated.Transitional WAM may therefore also be used in combination with programmes of Community Violence Reduction, particularly when these programmes include for- mer combatants or individuals at-risk of recruitment by armed groups (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Finally, transitional WAM may also be used in combination with activities that support the reintegration of former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":760, "Sentence":"Furthermore, inadequately secured weapons and ammunition can facilitate inter-personal armed violence, including sexual and gender-based violence, as well as theft and diversion to the illicit market.In order to contribute to a more secure environment that is conducive to long-term stability, development and reconciliation, DDR practitioners may consider the use of transitional WAM.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management furthermore inadequately secured weapon ammunition facilitate interpersonal armed violence including sexual genderbased violence well theft diversion illicit market.in order contribute secure environment conducive longterm stability development reconciliation ddr practitioner may consider use transitional wam ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are increasingly launched in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such situations, communities and individuals may take their own security measures, including through increased weapons ownership. Some armed groups may also be characterized as community self-defence forces or \u2018vigilante groups\u2019.The ownership of weapons, ammunition and explosives by individuals and armed groups carries a number of risks. For example, if armed groups store incompatible types of ammunition together then it may lead to explosions and surrounding loss of life. Furthermore, inadequately secured weapons and ammunition can facilitate inter-personal armed violence, including sexual and gender-based violence, as well as theft and diversion to the illicit market.In order to contribute to a more secure environment that is conducive to long-term stability, development and reconciliation, DDR practitioners may consider the use of transitional WAM. Transitional WAM may be used as an alternative to disarmament as part of a DDR programme or it can also be used before, during or after a DDR pro- gramme as a complementary measure. In both contexts, a multifaceted approach is required that addresses both the root causes of armed violence and the means through which that violence is perpetrated.Transitional WAM may therefore also be used in combination with programmes of Community Violence Reduction, particularly when these programmes include for- mer combatants or individuals at-risk of recruitment by armed groups (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Finally, transitional WAM may also be used in combination with activities that support the reintegration of former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":760, "Sentence":"Transitional WAM may be used as an alternative to disarmament as part of a DDR programme or it can also be used before, during or after a DDR pro- gramme as a complementary measure.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management transitional wam may used alternative disarmament part ddr programme also used ddr pro gramme complementary measure ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are increasingly launched in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such situations, communities and individuals may take their own security measures, including through increased weapons ownership. Some armed groups may also be characterized as community self-defence forces or \u2018vigilante groups\u2019.The ownership of weapons, ammunition and explosives by individuals and armed groups carries a number of risks. For example, if armed groups store incompatible types of ammunition together then it may lead to explosions and surrounding loss of life. Furthermore, inadequately secured weapons and ammunition can facilitate inter-personal armed violence, including sexual and gender-based violence, as well as theft and diversion to the illicit market.In order to contribute to a more secure environment that is conducive to long-term stability, development and reconciliation, DDR practitioners may consider the use of transitional WAM. Transitional WAM may be used as an alternative to disarmament as part of a DDR programme or it can also be used before, during or after a DDR pro- gramme as a complementary measure. In both contexts, a multifaceted approach is required that addresses both the root causes of armed violence and the means through which that violence is perpetrated.Transitional WAM may therefore also be used in combination with programmes of Community Violence Reduction, particularly when these programmes include for- mer combatants or individuals at-risk of recruitment by armed groups (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Finally, transitional WAM may also be used in combination with activities that support the reintegration of former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":760, "Sentence":"In both contexts, a multifaceted approach is required that addresses both the root causes of armed violence and the means through which that violence is perpetrated.Transitional WAM may therefore also be used in combination with programmes of Community Violence Reduction, particularly when these programmes include for- mer combatants or individuals at-risk of recruitment by armed groups (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management context multifaceted approach required address root cause armed violence mean violence perpetrated.transitional wam may therefore also used combination programme community violence reduction particularly programme include mer combatant individual atrisk recruitment armed group see iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are increasingly launched in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such situations, communities and individuals may take their own security measures, including through increased weapons ownership. Some armed groups may also be characterized as community self-defence forces or \u2018vigilante groups\u2019.The ownership of weapons, ammunition and explosives by individuals and armed groups carries a number of risks. For example, if armed groups store incompatible types of ammunition together then it may lead to explosions and surrounding loss of life. Furthermore, inadequately secured weapons and ammunition can facilitate inter-personal armed violence, including sexual and gender-based violence, as well as theft and diversion to the illicit market.In order to contribute to a more secure environment that is conducive to long-term stability, development and reconciliation, DDR practitioners may consider the use of transitional WAM. Transitional WAM may be used as an alternative to disarmament as part of a DDR programme or it can also be used before, during or after a DDR pro- gramme as a complementary measure. In both contexts, a multifaceted approach is required that addresses both the root causes of armed violence and the means through which that violence is perpetrated.Transitional WAM may therefore also be used in combination with programmes of Community Violence Reduction, particularly when these programmes include for- mer combatants or individuals at-risk of recruitment by armed groups (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Finally, transitional WAM may also be used in combination with activities that support the reintegration of former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":760, "Sentence":"Finally, transitional WAM may also be used in combination with activities that support the reintegration of former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management finally transitional wam may also used combination activity support reintegration former combatant person formerly associated armed group see iddrs 2.40 reintegration part sustaining peace iddrs 4.30 reintegration ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to tran- sitional WAM as part of a DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":761, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to tran- sitional WAM as part of a DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":761, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to tran- sitional WAM as part of a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management section outline principle apply tran sitional wam part ddr process ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM as part of a DDR process shall be implemented on a voluntary basis and, where appropriate, through engaging communities and armed forces and groups to identify issues and design solutions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":762, "Sentence":"Transitional WAM as part of a DDR process shall be implemented on a voluntary basis and, where appropriate, through engaging communities and armed forces and groups to identify issues and design solutions.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management transitional wam part ddr process shall implemented voluntary basis appropriate engaging community armed force group identify issue design solution ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM shall not introduce distinctions based on age, sex, race, ethnicity, religion or other arbitrary criteria that may create or exacerbate vulnerabilities and power imbalances. DDR practitioners shall ensure that the gendered dimensions of WAM and its links to gender identities, as well as the differing impacts on men and women and their perceptions of weapons, ammunition and explosives, are adequately integrated into all stages of arms control initiatives. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data as well as considerations related to children.DDR practitioners shall also adopt a gender-transformative approach, including through interventions and messages on the linkages between masculinities and weapons ownership, and by ensuring that both men and women are involved in the design and implementation of transitional WAM.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":763, "Sentence":"Transitional WAM shall not introduce distinctions based on age, sex, race, ethnicity, religion or other arbitrary criteria that may create or exacerbate vulnerabilities and power imbalances.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management transitional wam shall introduce distinction based age sex race ethnicity religion arbitrary criterion may create exacerbate vulnerability power imbalance ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM shall not introduce distinctions based on age, sex, race, ethnicity, religion or other arbitrary criteria that may create or exacerbate vulnerabilities and power imbalances. DDR practitioners shall ensure that the gendered dimensions of WAM and its links to gender identities, as well as the differing impacts on men and women and their perceptions of weapons, ammunition and explosives, are adequately integrated into all stages of arms control initiatives. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data as well as considerations related to children.DDR practitioners shall also adopt a gender-transformative approach, including through interventions and messages on the linkages between masculinities and weapons ownership, and by ensuring that both men and women are involved in the design and implementation of transitional WAM.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":763, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall ensure that the gendered dimensions of WAM and its links to gender identities, as well as the differing impacts on men and women and their perceptions of weapons, ammunition and explosives, are adequately integrated into all stages of arms control initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management ddr practitioner shall ensure gendered dimension wam link gender identity well differing impact men woman perception weapon ammunition explosive adequately integrated stage arm control initiative ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Gender-responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM shall not introduce distinctions based on age, sex, race, ethnicity, religion or other arbitrary criteria that may create or exacerbate vulnerabilities and power imbalances. DDR practitioners shall ensure that the gendered dimensions of WAM and its links to gender identities, as well as the differing impacts on men and women and their perceptions of weapons, ammunition and explosives, are adequately integrated into all stages of arms control initiatives. Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data as well as considerations related to children.DDR practitioners shall also adopt a gender-transformative approach, including through interventions and messages on the linkages between masculinities and weapons ownership, and by ensuring that both men and women are involved in the design and implementation of transitional WAM.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":763, "Sentence":"Such an approach requires gender expertise, gender analysis, the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data as well as considerations related to children.DDR practitioners shall also adopt a gender-transformative approach, including through interventions and messages on the linkages between masculinities and weapons ownership, and by ensuring that both men and women are involved in the design and implementation of transitional WAM.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management approach requires gender expertise gender analysis collection sex agedisaggregated data well consideration related children.ddr practitioner shall also adopt gendertransformative approach including intervention message linkage masculinity weapon ownership ensuring men woman involved design implementation transitional wam ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM shall not increase the vulnerability of communities, groups (including ethnic and religious minorities), or individuals to internal or external threats by desta- bilizing the distribution of power. All precautions shall also be taken to avoid reinforcing or generating inequalities based on age and gender.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":764, "Sentence":"Transitional WAM shall not increase the vulnerability of communities, groups (including ethnic and religious minorities), or individuals to internal or external threats by desta- bilizing the distribution of power.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management transitional wam shall increase vulnerability community group including ethnic religious minority individual internal external threat desta bilizing distribution power ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM shall not increase the vulnerability of communities, groups (including ethnic and religious minorities), or individuals to internal or external threats by desta- bilizing the distribution of power. All precautions shall also be taken to avoid reinforcing or generating inequalities based on age and gender.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":764, "Sentence":"All precautions shall also be taken to avoid reinforcing or generating inequalities based on age and gender.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management precaution shall also taken avoid reinforcing generating inequality based age gender ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"National Governments have the right and responsibility to apply their own national standards to all transitional WAM measures within their territories and shall act in compliance with relevant international and (sub)-regional arms control instruments and applicable legal frameworks (see section 5.2). The primary responsibility for transi- tional WAM lies with the Government of the concerned State. The support and special- ist knowledge of the UN is placed at the disposal of a national Government to ensure that the planning and implementation of transitional WAM are conducted in ac- cordance with international arms control instruments, standards and guidance, including those of the IDDRS, the IATG and MOSAIC. Transitional WAM shall be de- signed and implemented in coordination with, and in support of, national arms. control policies and management systems. Building national and local institutional and technical WAM capacity is essential to effective and sustainable arms control ef- forts and, where relevant could support SSR processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":765, "Sentence":"National Governments have the right and responsibility to apply their own national standards to all transitional WAM measures within their territories and shall act in compliance with relevant international and (sub)-regional arms control instruments and applicable legal frameworks (see section 5.2).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management national government right responsibility apply national standard transitional wam measure within territory shall act compliance relevant international subregional arm control instrument applicable legal framework see section 5.2 ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"National Governments have the right and responsibility to apply their own national standards to all transitional WAM measures within their territories and shall act in compliance with relevant international and (sub)-regional arms control instruments and applicable legal frameworks (see section 5.2). The primary responsibility for transi- tional WAM lies with the Government of the concerned State. The support and special- ist knowledge of the UN is placed at the disposal of a national Government to ensure that the planning and implementation of transitional WAM are conducted in ac- cordance with international arms control instruments, standards and guidance, including those of the IDDRS, the IATG and MOSAIC. Transitional WAM shall be de- signed and implemented in coordination with, and in support of, national arms. control policies and management systems. Building national and local institutional and technical WAM capacity is essential to effective and sustainable arms control ef- forts and, where relevant could support SSR processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":765, "Sentence":"The primary responsibility for transi- tional WAM lies with the Government of the concerned State.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management primary responsibility transi tional wam lie government concerned state ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"National Governments have the right and responsibility to apply their own national standards to all transitional WAM measures within their territories and shall act in compliance with relevant international and (sub)-regional arms control instruments and applicable legal frameworks (see section 5.2). The primary responsibility for transi- tional WAM lies with the Government of the concerned State. The support and special- ist knowledge of the UN is placed at the disposal of a national Government to ensure that the planning and implementation of transitional WAM are conducted in ac- cordance with international arms control instruments, standards and guidance, including those of the IDDRS, the IATG and MOSAIC. Transitional WAM shall be de- signed and implemented in coordination with, and in support of, national arms. control policies and management systems. Building national and local institutional and technical WAM capacity is essential to effective and sustainable arms control ef- forts and, where relevant could support SSR processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":765, "Sentence":"The support and special- ist knowledge of the UN is placed at the disposal of a national Government to ensure that the planning and implementation of transitional WAM are conducted in ac- cordance with international arms control instruments, standards and guidance, including those of the IDDRS, the IATG and MOSAIC.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management support special ist knowledge un placed disposal national government ensure planning implementation transitional wam conducted ac cordance international arm control instrument standard guidance including iddrs iatg mosaic ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"National Governments have the right and responsibility to apply their own national standards to all transitional WAM measures within their territories and shall act in compliance with relevant international and (sub)-regional arms control instruments and applicable legal frameworks (see section 5.2). The primary responsibility for transi- tional WAM lies with the Government of the concerned State. The support and special- ist knowledge of the UN is placed at the disposal of a national Government to ensure that the planning and implementation of transitional WAM are conducted in ac- cordance with international arms control instruments, standards and guidance, including those of the IDDRS, the IATG and MOSAIC. Transitional WAM shall be de- signed and implemented in coordination with, and in support of, national arms. control policies and management systems. Building national and local institutional and technical WAM capacity is essential to effective and sustainable arms control ef- forts and, where relevant could support SSR processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":765, "Sentence":"Transitional WAM shall be de- signed and implemented in coordination with, and in support of, national arms.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management transitional wam shall de signed implemented coordination support national arm ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"National Governments have the right and responsibility to apply their own national standards to all transitional WAM measures within their territories and shall act in compliance with relevant international and (sub)-regional arms control instruments and applicable legal frameworks (see section 5.2). The primary responsibility for transi- tional WAM lies with the Government of the concerned State. The support and special- ist knowledge of the UN is placed at the disposal of a national Government to ensure that the planning and implementation of transitional WAM are conducted in ac- cordance with international arms control instruments, standards and guidance, including those of the IDDRS, the IATG and MOSAIC. Transitional WAM shall be de- signed and implemented in coordination with, and in support of, national arms. control policies and management systems. Building national and local institutional and technical WAM capacity is essential to effective and sustainable arms control ef- forts and, where relevant could support SSR processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":765, "Sentence":"control policies and management systems.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management control policy management system ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"National Governments have the right and responsibility to apply their own national standards to all transitional WAM measures within their territories and shall act in compliance with relevant international and (sub)-regional arms control instruments and applicable legal frameworks (see section 5.2). The primary responsibility for transi- tional WAM lies with the Government of the concerned State. The support and special- ist knowledge of the UN is placed at the disposal of a national Government to ensure that the planning and implementation of transitional WAM are conducted in ac- cordance with international arms control instruments, standards and guidance, including those of the IDDRS, the IATG and MOSAIC. Transitional WAM shall be de- signed and implemented in coordination with, and in support of, national arms. control policies and management systems. Building national and local institutional and technical WAM capacity is essential to effective and sustainable arms control ef- forts and, where relevant could support SSR processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":765, "Sentence":"Building national and local institutional and technical WAM capacity is essential to effective and sustainable arms control ef- forts and, where relevant could support SSR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management building national local institutional technical wam capacity essential effective sustainable arm control ef fort relevant could support ssr process ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM shall be coordinated with all other aspects of an integrated DDR process as well as with other components of the broader peace process, including, ceasefires and arms control measures associated with transitional security arrange- ments, arms embargo measures where existent and applicable, SSR and SALW control.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":766, "Sentence":"Transitional WAM shall be coordinated with all other aspects of an integrated DDR process as well as with other components of the broader peace process, including, ceasefires and arms control measures associated with transitional security arrange- ments, arms embargo measures where existent and applicable, SSR and SALW control.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management transitional wam shall coordinated aspect integrated ddr process well component broader peace process including ceasefires arm control measure associated transitional security arrange ments arm embargo measure existent applicable ssr salw control ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Safety and security", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Handling weapons, ammunition and explosives comes with high levels of risk. The involvement of technically and appropriately qualified WAM personnel in the planning and implementation of transitional WAM is absolutely critical. Techni- cal advisers shall have formal training and operational field experience in ammu- nition and weapons storage, marking, transportation, deactivation and disposal including the destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":767, "Sentence":"Handling weapons, ammunition and explosives comes with high levels of risk.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management handling weapon ammunition explosive come high level risk ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Safety and security", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Handling weapons, ammunition and explosives comes with high levels of risk. The involvement of technically and appropriately qualified WAM personnel in the planning and implementation of transitional WAM is absolutely critical. Techni- cal advisers shall have formal training and operational field experience in ammu- nition and weapons storage, marking, transportation, deactivation and disposal including the destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":767, "Sentence":"The involvement of technically and appropriately qualified WAM personnel in the planning and implementation of transitional WAM is absolutely critical.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management involvement technically appropriately qualified wam personnel planning implementation transitional wam absolutely critical ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Safety and security", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Handling weapons, ammunition and explosives comes with high levels of risk. The involvement of technically and appropriately qualified WAM personnel in the planning and implementation of transitional WAM is absolutely critical. Techni- cal advisers shall have formal training and operational field experience in ammu- nition and weapons storage, marking, transportation, deactivation and disposal including the destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":767, "Sentence":"Techni- cal advisers shall have formal training and operational field experience in ammu- nition and weapons storage, marking, transportation, deactivation and disposal including the destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management techni cal adviser shall formal training operational field experience ammu nition weapon storage marking transportation deactivation disposal including destruction weapon ammunition explosive ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Meticulous assessments, planning and monitoring are required in order to implement effective, evidence-based, tailored, gender- and age-responsive transitional WAM as part of a DDR process. Such an approach includes a contextual analysis, age and gen- der analysis, a risk and security assessment, the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs), the identification of technical and logistical resources, and a timeta- ble for operations and public awareness activities (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament for guidance on these activities). The planning for transitional WAM should be articulated in the DDR national strategy, arms control strategy and\/or broader national security strategy. If the context is a UN mission setting, the planning for transitional WAM should also be articulated in the mission concept, lower-level strategies and vision doc- uments of the UN mission. Importantly, DDR-related transitional WAM must not be designed in isolation from other arms control or related initiatives run by the national authorities and their international partners.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":768, "Sentence":"Meticulous assessments, planning and monitoring are required in order to implement effective, evidence-based, tailored, gender- and age-responsive transitional WAM as part of a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management meticulous assessment planning monitoring required order implement effective evidencebased tailored gender ageresponsive transitional wam part ddr process ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Meticulous assessments, planning and monitoring are required in order to implement effective, evidence-based, tailored, gender- and age-responsive transitional WAM as part of a DDR process. Such an approach includes a contextual analysis, age and gen- der analysis, a risk and security assessment, the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs), the identification of technical and logistical resources, and a timeta- ble for operations and public awareness activities (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament for guidance on these activities). The planning for transitional WAM should be articulated in the DDR national strategy, arms control strategy and\/or broader national security strategy. If the context is a UN mission setting, the planning for transitional WAM should also be articulated in the mission concept, lower-level strategies and vision doc- uments of the UN mission. Importantly, DDR-related transitional WAM must not be designed in isolation from other arms control or related initiatives run by the national authorities and their international partners.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":768, "Sentence":"Such an approach includes a contextual analysis, age and gen- der analysis, a risk and security assessment, the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs), the identification of technical and logistical resources, and a timeta- ble for operations and public awareness activities (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament for guidance on these activities).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management approach includes contextual analysis age gen der analysis risk security assessment development standard operating procedure sop identification technical logistical resource timeta ble operation public awareness activity see iddrs 4.10 disarmament guidance activity ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Meticulous assessments, planning and monitoring are required in order to implement effective, evidence-based, tailored, gender- and age-responsive transitional WAM as part of a DDR process. Such an approach includes a contextual analysis, age and gen- der analysis, a risk and security assessment, the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs), the identification of technical and logistical resources, and a timeta- ble for operations and public awareness activities (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament for guidance on these activities). The planning for transitional WAM should be articulated in the DDR national strategy, arms control strategy and\/or broader national security strategy. If the context is a UN mission setting, the planning for transitional WAM should also be articulated in the mission concept, lower-level strategies and vision doc- uments of the UN mission. Importantly, DDR-related transitional WAM must not be designed in isolation from other arms control or related initiatives run by the national authorities and their international partners.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":768, "Sentence":"The planning for transitional WAM should be articulated in the DDR national strategy, arms control strategy and\/or broader national security strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management planning transitional wam articulated ddr national strategy arm control strategy and\/or broader national security strategy ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Meticulous assessments, planning and monitoring are required in order to implement effective, evidence-based, tailored, gender- and age-responsive transitional WAM as part of a DDR process. Such an approach includes a contextual analysis, age and gen- der analysis, a risk and security assessment, the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs), the identification of technical and logistical resources, and a timeta- ble for operations and public awareness activities (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament for guidance on these activities). The planning for transitional WAM should be articulated in the DDR national strategy, arms control strategy and\/or broader national security strategy. If the context is a UN mission setting, the planning for transitional WAM should also be articulated in the mission concept, lower-level strategies and vision doc- uments of the UN mission. Importantly, DDR-related transitional WAM must not be designed in isolation from other arms control or related initiatives run by the national authorities and their international partners.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":768, "Sentence":"If the context is a UN mission setting, the planning for transitional WAM should also be articulated in the mission concept, lower-level strategies and vision doc- uments of the UN mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management context un mission setting planning transitional wam also articulated mission concept lowerlevel strategy vision doc uments un mission ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Meticulous assessments, planning and monitoring are required in order to implement effective, evidence-based, tailored, gender- and age-responsive transitional WAM as part of a DDR process. Such an approach includes a contextual analysis, age and gen- der analysis, a risk and security assessment, the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs), the identification of technical and logistical resources, and a timeta- ble for operations and public awareness activities (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament for guidance on these activities). The planning for transitional WAM should be articulated in the DDR national strategy, arms control strategy and\/or broader national security strategy. If the context is a UN mission setting, the planning for transitional WAM should also be articulated in the mission concept, lower-level strategies and vision doc- uments of the UN mission. Importantly, DDR-related transitional WAM must not be designed in isolation from other arms control or related initiatives run by the national authorities and their international partners.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":768, "Sentence":"Importantly, DDR-related transitional WAM must not be designed in isolation from other arms control or related initiatives run by the national authorities and their international partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management importantly ddrrelated transitional wam must designed isolation arm control related initiative run national authority international partner ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Assessments and weapons survey", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The design, modalities and objectives of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process vary according to the political and security context, the level of proliferation of weap- ons, ammunition and explosives, the weapons culture and societal perspectives, gen- dered experiences of WAM, and the timing and sequencing of other initiatives (which may include a DDR programme, DDR-related tools, and\/or reintegration support) (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).Integrated assessments should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and in the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). An integrated assessment should contribute to determining whether any disarmament or transitional WAM measures are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the po- tential positive and negative impacts of any such measures (see section 5.1.1 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament for guidance on integrated assessments).In addition, DDR practitioners can commission a weapons survey (the same weap- ons survey outlined in section 5.1.2 and Annex C of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament) and draw information from national injury surveillance systems (see section 5.5.2 of MO- SAIC 05.10). Weapons surveys and injury surveillance are essential in order to draw up effective and safe plans for both disarmament and transitional WAM. A weapons survey and injury surveillance system also allow DDR practitioners to scope the extent of the WAM task ahead and to gauge national and local expectations concerning the transitional WAM measures to be carried out. This knowledge helps to ensure tailored programming and results. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for un- derstanding age- and gender-specific attitudes towards weapons, ammunition and ex- plosives, and their age- and gender-specific impacts. This type of data is also necessary to design evidence-based, and age- and gender-sensitive responses.The early collection of data also provides a baseline for DDR monitoring and eval- uation activities. These baseline indicators should be adjusted in line with evolving conflict dynamics. Monitoring and evaluation are crucial to ensure accountability and the effective implementation and management of transitional WAM. For more detailed guidance on monitoring and evaluation, refer to Box 2 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR and section 5.5 of MOSAIC 05.10.Once reliable information has been gathered, collaborative transitional WAM plans can be drawn up by the national DDR commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings and by the national DDR commission and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings. These plans should outline the intended target populations and requirements for transitional WAM, the type of WAM measures and operations that are planned, a timetable, and logistics, budget and staffing needs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":769, "Sentence":"The design, modalities and objectives of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process vary according to the political and security context, the level of proliferation of weap- ons, ammunition and explosives, the weapons culture and societal perspectives, gen- dered experiences of WAM, and the timing and sequencing of other initiatives (which may include a DDR programme, DDR-related tools, and\/or reintegration support) (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).Integrated assessments should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and in the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management design modality objective transitional wam part ddr process vary according political security context level proliferation weap ons ammunition explosive weapon culture societal perspective gen dered experience wam timing sequencing initiative may include ddr programme ddrrelated tool and\/or reintegration support see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr.integrated assessment start early possible peace negotiation process preplanning phase see iddrs 3.11 integrated assessment ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Assessments and weapons survey", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The design, modalities and objectives of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process vary according to the political and security context, the level of proliferation of weap- ons, ammunition and explosives, the weapons culture and societal perspectives, gen- dered experiences of WAM, and the timing and sequencing of other initiatives (which may include a DDR programme, DDR-related tools, and\/or reintegration support) (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).Integrated assessments should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and in the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). An integrated assessment should contribute to determining whether any disarmament or transitional WAM measures are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the po- tential positive and negative impacts of any such measures (see section 5.1.1 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament for guidance on integrated assessments).In addition, DDR practitioners can commission a weapons survey (the same weap- ons survey outlined in section 5.1.2 and Annex C of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament) and draw information from national injury surveillance systems (see section 5.5.2 of MO- SAIC 05.10). Weapons surveys and injury surveillance are essential in order to draw up effective and safe plans for both disarmament and transitional WAM. A weapons survey and injury surveillance system also allow DDR practitioners to scope the extent of the WAM task ahead and to gauge national and local expectations concerning the transitional WAM measures to be carried out. This knowledge helps to ensure tailored programming and results. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for un- derstanding age- and gender-specific attitudes towards weapons, ammunition and ex- plosives, and their age- and gender-specific impacts. This type of data is also necessary to design evidence-based, and age- and gender-sensitive responses.The early collection of data also provides a baseline for DDR monitoring and eval- uation activities. These baseline indicators should be adjusted in line with evolving conflict dynamics. Monitoring and evaluation are crucial to ensure accountability and the effective implementation and management of transitional WAM. For more detailed guidance on monitoring and evaluation, refer to Box 2 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR and section 5.5 of MOSAIC 05.10.Once reliable information has been gathered, collaborative transitional WAM plans can be drawn up by the national DDR commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings and by the national DDR commission and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings. These plans should outline the intended target populations and requirements for transitional WAM, the type of WAM measures and operations that are planned, a timetable, and logistics, budget and staffing needs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":769, "Sentence":"An integrated assessment should contribute to determining whether any disarmament or transitional WAM measures are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the po- tential positive and negative impacts of any such measures (see section 5.1.1 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament for guidance on integrated assessments).In addition, DDR practitioners can commission a weapons survey (the same weap- ons survey outlined in section 5.1.2 and Annex C of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament) and draw information from national injury surveillance systems (see section 5.5.2 of MO- SAIC 05.10).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management integrated assessment contribute determining whether disarmament transitional wam measure desirable feasible current context po tential positive negative impact measure see section 5.1.1 iddrs 4.10 disarmament guidance integrated assessments.in addition ddr practitioner commission weapon survey weap ons survey outlined section 5.1.2 annex c iddrs 4.10 disarmament draw information national injury surveillance system see section 5.5.2 mo saic 05.10 ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Assessments and weapons survey", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The design, modalities and objectives of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process vary according to the political and security context, the level of proliferation of weap- ons, ammunition and explosives, the weapons culture and societal perspectives, gen- dered experiences of WAM, and the timing and sequencing of other initiatives (which may include a DDR programme, DDR-related tools, and\/or reintegration support) (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).Integrated assessments should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and in the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). An integrated assessment should contribute to determining whether any disarmament or transitional WAM measures are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the po- tential positive and negative impacts of any such measures (see section 5.1.1 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament for guidance on integrated assessments).In addition, DDR practitioners can commission a weapons survey (the same weap- ons survey outlined in section 5.1.2 and Annex C of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament) and draw information from national injury surveillance systems (see section 5.5.2 of MO- SAIC 05.10). Weapons surveys and injury surveillance are essential in order to draw up effective and safe plans for both disarmament and transitional WAM. A weapons survey and injury surveillance system also allow DDR practitioners to scope the extent of the WAM task ahead and to gauge national and local expectations concerning the transitional WAM measures to be carried out. This knowledge helps to ensure tailored programming and results. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for un- derstanding age- and gender-specific attitudes towards weapons, ammunition and ex- plosives, and their age- and gender-specific impacts. This type of data is also necessary to design evidence-based, and age- and gender-sensitive responses.The early collection of data also provides a baseline for DDR monitoring and eval- uation activities. These baseline indicators should be adjusted in line with evolving conflict dynamics. Monitoring and evaluation are crucial to ensure accountability and the effective implementation and management of transitional WAM. For more detailed guidance on monitoring and evaluation, refer to Box 2 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR and section 5.5 of MOSAIC 05.10.Once reliable information has been gathered, collaborative transitional WAM plans can be drawn up by the national DDR commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings and by the national DDR commission and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings. These plans should outline the intended target populations and requirements for transitional WAM, the type of WAM measures and operations that are planned, a timetable, and logistics, budget and staffing needs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":769, "Sentence":"Weapons surveys and injury surveillance are essential in order to draw up effective and safe plans for both disarmament and transitional WAM.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management weapon survey injury surveillance essential order draw effective safe plan disarmament transitional wam ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Assessments and weapons survey", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The design, modalities and objectives of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process vary according to the political and security context, the level of proliferation of weap- ons, ammunition and explosives, the weapons culture and societal perspectives, gen- dered experiences of WAM, and the timing and sequencing of other initiatives (which may include a DDR programme, DDR-related tools, and\/or reintegration support) (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).Integrated assessments should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and in the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). An integrated assessment should contribute to determining whether any disarmament or transitional WAM measures are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the po- tential positive and negative impacts of any such measures (see section 5.1.1 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament for guidance on integrated assessments).In addition, DDR practitioners can commission a weapons survey (the same weap- ons survey outlined in section 5.1.2 and Annex C of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament) and draw information from national injury surveillance systems (see section 5.5.2 of MO- SAIC 05.10). Weapons surveys and injury surveillance are essential in order to draw up effective and safe plans for both disarmament and transitional WAM. A weapons survey and injury surveillance system also allow DDR practitioners to scope the extent of the WAM task ahead and to gauge national and local expectations concerning the transitional WAM measures to be carried out. This knowledge helps to ensure tailored programming and results. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for un- derstanding age- and gender-specific attitudes towards weapons, ammunition and ex- plosives, and their age- and gender-specific impacts. This type of data is also necessary to design evidence-based, and age- and gender-sensitive responses.The early collection of data also provides a baseline for DDR monitoring and eval- uation activities. These baseline indicators should be adjusted in line with evolving conflict dynamics. Monitoring and evaluation are crucial to ensure accountability and the effective implementation and management of transitional WAM. For more detailed guidance on monitoring and evaluation, refer to Box 2 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR and section 5.5 of MOSAIC 05.10.Once reliable information has been gathered, collaborative transitional WAM plans can be drawn up by the national DDR commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings and by the national DDR commission and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings. These plans should outline the intended target populations and requirements for transitional WAM, the type of WAM measures and operations that are planned, a timetable, and logistics, budget and staffing needs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":769, "Sentence":"A weapons survey and injury surveillance system also allow DDR practitioners to scope the extent of the WAM task ahead and to gauge national and local expectations concerning the transitional WAM measures to be carried out.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management weapon survey injury surveillance system also allow ddr practitioner scope extent wam task ahead gauge national local expectation concerning transitional wam measure carried ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Assessments and weapons survey", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The design, modalities and objectives of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process vary according to the political and security context, the level of proliferation of weap- ons, ammunition and explosives, the weapons culture and societal perspectives, gen- dered experiences of WAM, and the timing and sequencing of other initiatives (which may include a DDR programme, DDR-related tools, and\/or reintegration support) (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).Integrated assessments should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and in the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). An integrated assessment should contribute to determining whether any disarmament or transitional WAM measures are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the po- tential positive and negative impacts of any such measures (see section 5.1.1 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament for guidance on integrated assessments).In addition, DDR practitioners can commission a weapons survey (the same weap- ons survey outlined in section 5.1.2 and Annex C of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament) and draw information from national injury surveillance systems (see section 5.5.2 of MO- SAIC 05.10). Weapons surveys and injury surveillance are essential in order to draw up effective and safe plans for both disarmament and transitional WAM. A weapons survey and injury surveillance system also allow DDR practitioners to scope the extent of the WAM task ahead and to gauge national and local expectations concerning the transitional WAM measures to be carried out. This knowledge helps to ensure tailored programming and results. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for un- derstanding age- and gender-specific attitudes towards weapons, ammunition and ex- plosives, and their age- and gender-specific impacts. This type of data is also necessary to design evidence-based, and age- and gender-sensitive responses.The early collection of data also provides a baseline for DDR monitoring and eval- uation activities. These baseline indicators should be adjusted in line with evolving conflict dynamics. Monitoring and evaluation are crucial to ensure accountability and the effective implementation and management of transitional WAM. For more detailed guidance on monitoring and evaluation, refer to Box 2 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR and section 5.5 of MOSAIC 05.10.Once reliable information has been gathered, collaborative transitional WAM plans can be drawn up by the national DDR commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings and by the national DDR commission and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings. These plans should outline the intended target populations and requirements for transitional WAM, the type of WAM measures and operations that are planned, a timetable, and logistics, budget and staffing needs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":769, "Sentence":"This knowledge helps to ensure tailored programming and results.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management knowledge help ensure tailored programming result ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Assessments and weapons survey", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The design, modalities and objectives of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process vary according to the political and security context, the level of proliferation of weap- ons, ammunition and explosives, the weapons culture and societal perspectives, gen- dered experiences of WAM, and the timing and sequencing of other initiatives (which may include a DDR programme, DDR-related tools, and\/or reintegration support) (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).Integrated assessments should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and in the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). An integrated assessment should contribute to determining whether any disarmament or transitional WAM measures are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the po- tential positive and negative impacts of any such measures (see section 5.1.1 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament for guidance on integrated assessments).In addition, DDR practitioners can commission a weapons survey (the same weap- ons survey outlined in section 5.1.2 and Annex C of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament) and draw information from national injury surveillance systems (see section 5.5.2 of MO- SAIC 05.10). Weapons surveys and injury surveillance are essential in order to draw up effective and safe plans for both disarmament and transitional WAM. A weapons survey and injury surveillance system also allow DDR practitioners to scope the extent of the WAM task ahead and to gauge national and local expectations concerning the transitional WAM measures to be carried out. This knowledge helps to ensure tailored programming and results. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for un- derstanding age- and gender-specific attitudes towards weapons, ammunition and ex- plosives, and their age- and gender-specific impacts. This type of data is also necessary to design evidence-based, and age- and gender-sensitive responses.The early collection of data also provides a baseline for DDR monitoring and eval- uation activities. These baseline indicators should be adjusted in line with evolving conflict dynamics. Monitoring and evaluation are crucial to ensure accountability and the effective implementation and management of transitional WAM. For more detailed guidance on monitoring and evaluation, refer to Box 2 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR and section 5.5 of MOSAIC 05.10.Once reliable information has been gathered, collaborative transitional WAM plans can be drawn up by the national DDR commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings and by the national DDR commission and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings. These plans should outline the intended target populations and requirements for transitional WAM, the type of WAM measures and operations that are planned, a timetable, and logistics, budget and staffing needs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":769, "Sentence":"Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for un- derstanding age- and gender-specific attitudes towards weapons, ammunition and ex- plosives, and their age- and gender-specific impacts.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management data disaggregated sex age prerequisite un derstanding age genderspecific attitude towards weapon ammunition ex plosive age genderspecific impact ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Assessments and weapons survey", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The design, modalities and objectives of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process vary according to the political and security context, the level of proliferation of weap- ons, ammunition and explosives, the weapons culture and societal perspectives, gen- dered experiences of WAM, and the timing and sequencing of other initiatives (which may include a DDR programme, DDR-related tools, and\/or reintegration support) (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).Integrated assessments should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and in the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). An integrated assessment should contribute to determining whether any disarmament or transitional WAM measures are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the po- tential positive and negative impacts of any such measures (see section 5.1.1 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament for guidance on integrated assessments).In addition, DDR practitioners can commission a weapons survey (the same weap- ons survey outlined in section 5.1.2 and Annex C of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament) and draw information from national injury surveillance systems (see section 5.5.2 of MO- SAIC 05.10). Weapons surveys and injury surveillance are essential in order to draw up effective and safe plans for both disarmament and transitional WAM. A weapons survey and injury surveillance system also allow DDR practitioners to scope the extent of the WAM task ahead and to gauge national and local expectations concerning the transitional WAM measures to be carried out. This knowledge helps to ensure tailored programming and results. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for un- derstanding age- and gender-specific attitudes towards weapons, ammunition and ex- plosives, and their age- and gender-specific impacts. This type of data is also necessary to design evidence-based, and age- and gender-sensitive responses.The early collection of data also provides a baseline for DDR monitoring and eval- uation activities. These baseline indicators should be adjusted in line with evolving conflict dynamics. Monitoring and evaluation are crucial to ensure accountability and the effective implementation and management of transitional WAM. For more detailed guidance on monitoring and evaluation, refer to Box 2 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR and section 5.5 of MOSAIC 05.10.Once reliable information has been gathered, collaborative transitional WAM plans can be drawn up by the national DDR commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings and by the national DDR commission and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings. These plans should outline the intended target populations and requirements for transitional WAM, the type of WAM measures and operations that are planned, a timetable, and logistics, budget and staffing needs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":769, "Sentence":"This type of data is also necessary to design evidence-based, and age- and gender-sensitive responses.The early collection of data also provides a baseline for DDR monitoring and eval- uation activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management type data also necessary design evidencebased age gendersensitive responses.the early collection data also provides baseline ddr monitoring eval uation activity ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Assessments and weapons survey", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The design, modalities and objectives of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process vary according to the political and security context, the level of proliferation of weap- ons, ammunition and explosives, the weapons culture and societal perspectives, gen- dered experiences of WAM, and the timing and sequencing of other initiatives (which may include a DDR programme, DDR-related tools, and\/or reintegration support) (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).Integrated assessments should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and in the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). An integrated assessment should contribute to determining whether any disarmament or transitional WAM measures are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the po- tential positive and negative impacts of any such measures (see section 5.1.1 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament for guidance on integrated assessments).In addition, DDR practitioners can commission a weapons survey (the same weap- ons survey outlined in section 5.1.2 and Annex C of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament) and draw information from national injury surveillance systems (see section 5.5.2 of MO- SAIC 05.10). Weapons surveys and injury surveillance are essential in order to draw up effective and safe plans for both disarmament and transitional WAM. A weapons survey and injury surveillance system also allow DDR practitioners to scope the extent of the WAM task ahead and to gauge national and local expectations concerning the transitional WAM measures to be carried out. This knowledge helps to ensure tailored programming and results. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for un- derstanding age- and gender-specific attitudes towards weapons, ammunition and ex- plosives, and their age- and gender-specific impacts. This type of data is also necessary to design evidence-based, and age- and gender-sensitive responses.The early collection of data also provides a baseline for DDR monitoring and eval- uation activities. These baseline indicators should be adjusted in line with evolving conflict dynamics. Monitoring and evaluation are crucial to ensure accountability and the effective implementation and management of transitional WAM. For more detailed guidance on monitoring and evaluation, refer to Box 2 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR and section 5.5 of MOSAIC 05.10.Once reliable information has been gathered, collaborative transitional WAM plans can be drawn up by the national DDR commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings and by the national DDR commission and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings. These plans should outline the intended target populations and requirements for transitional WAM, the type of WAM measures and operations that are planned, a timetable, and logistics, budget and staffing needs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":769, "Sentence":"These baseline indicators should be adjusted in line with evolving conflict dynamics.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management baseline indicator adjusted line evolving conflict dynamic ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Assessments and weapons survey", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The design, modalities and objectives of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process vary according to the political and security context, the level of proliferation of weap- ons, ammunition and explosives, the weapons culture and societal perspectives, gen- dered experiences of WAM, and the timing and sequencing of other initiatives (which may include a DDR programme, DDR-related tools, and\/or reintegration support) (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).Integrated assessments should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and in the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). An integrated assessment should contribute to determining whether any disarmament or transitional WAM measures are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the po- tential positive and negative impacts of any such measures (see section 5.1.1 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament for guidance on integrated assessments).In addition, DDR practitioners can commission a weapons survey (the same weap- ons survey outlined in section 5.1.2 and Annex C of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament) and draw information from national injury surveillance systems (see section 5.5.2 of MO- SAIC 05.10). Weapons surveys and injury surveillance are essential in order to draw up effective and safe plans for both disarmament and transitional WAM. A weapons survey and injury surveillance system also allow DDR practitioners to scope the extent of the WAM task ahead and to gauge national and local expectations concerning the transitional WAM measures to be carried out. This knowledge helps to ensure tailored programming and results. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for un- derstanding age- and gender-specific attitudes towards weapons, ammunition and ex- plosives, and their age- and gender-specific impacts. This type of data is also necessary to design evidence-based, and age- and gender-sensitive responses.The early collection of data also provides a baseline for DDR monitoring and eval- uation activities. These baseline indicators should be adjusted in line with evolving conflict dynamics. Monitoring and evaluation are crucial to ensure accountability and the effective implementation and management of transitional WAM. For more detailed guidance on monitoring and evaluation, refer to Box 2 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR and section 5.5 of MOSAIC 05.10.Once reliable information has been gathered, collaborative transitional WAM plans can be drawn up by the national DDR commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings and by the national DDR commission and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings. These plans should outline the intended target populations and requirements for transitional WAM, the type of WAM measures and operations that are planned, a timetable, and logistics, budget and staffing needs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":769, "Sentence":"Monitoring and evaluation are crucial to ensure accountability and the effective implementation and management of transitional WAM.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management monitoring evaluation crucial ensure accountability effective implementation management transitional wam ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Assessments and weapons survey", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The design, modalities and objectives of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process vary according to the political and security context, the level of proliferation of weap- ons, ammunition and explosives, the weapons culture and societal perspectives, gen- dered experiences of WAM, and the timing and sequencing of other initiatives (which may include a DDR programme, DDR-related tools, and\/or reintegration support) (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).Integrated assessments should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and in the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). An integrated assessment should contribute to determining whether any disarmament or transitional WAM measures are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the po- tential positive and negative impacts of any such measures (see section 5.1.1 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament for guidance on integrated assessments).In addition, DDR practitioners can commission a weapons survey (the same weap- ons survey outlined in section 5.1.2 and Annex C of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament) and draw information from national injury surveillance systems (see section 5.5.2 of MO- SAIC 05.10). Weapons surveys and injury surveillance are essential in order to draw up effective and safe plans for both disarmament and transitional WAM. A weapons survey and injury surveillance system also allow DDR practitioners to scope the extent of the WAM task ahead and to gauge national and local expectations concerning the transitional WAM measures to be carried out. This knowledge helps to ensure tailored programming and results. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for un- derstanding age- and gender-specific attitudes towards weapons, ammunition and ex- plosives, and their age- and gender-specific impacts. This type of data is also necessary to design evidence-based, and age- and gender-sensitive responses.The early collection of data also provides a baseline for DDR monitoring and eval- uation activities. These baseline indicators should be adjusted in line with evolving conflict dynamics. Monitoring and evaluation are crucial to ensure accountability and the effective implementation and management of transitional WAM. For more detailed guidance on monitoring and evaluation, refer to Box 2 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR and section 5.5 of MOSAIC 05.10.Once reliable information has been gathered, collaborative transitional WAM plans can be drawn up by the national DDR commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings and by the national DDR commission and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings. These plans should outline the intended target populations and requirements for transitional WAM, the type of WAM measures and operations that are planned, a timetable, and logistics, budget and staffing needs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":769, "Sentence":"For more detailed guidance on monitoring and evaluation, refer to Box 2 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR and section 5.5 of MOSAIC 05.10.Once reliable information has been gathered, collaborative transitional WAM plans can be drawn up by the national DDR commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings and by the national DDR commission and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management detailed guidance monitoring evaluation refer box 2 iddrs 4.10 disarmament iddrs 3.50 monitoring evaluation ddr section 5.5 mosaic 05.10.once reliable information gathered collaborative transitional wam plan drawn national ddr commission un ddr component mission setting national ddr commission un lead agencyies nonmission setting ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Assessments and weapons survey", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The design, modalities and objectives of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process vary according to the political and security context, the level of proliferation of weap- ons, ammunition and explosives, the weapons culture and societal perspectives, gen- dered experiences of WAM, and the timing and sequencing of other initiatives (which may include a DDR programme, DDR-related tools, and\/or reintegration support) (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).Integrated assessments should start as early as possible in the peace negotiation process and in the pre-planning phase (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). An integrated assessment should contribute to determining whether any disarmament or transitional WAM measures are desirable or feasible in the current context, and the po- tential positive and negative impacts of any such measures (see section 5.1.1 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament for guidance on integrated assessments).In addition, DDR practitioners can commission a weapons survey (the same weap- ons survey outlined in section 5.1.2 and Annex C of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament) and draw information from national injury surveillance systems (see section 5.5.2 of MO- SAIC 05.10). Weapons surveys and injury surveillance are essential in order to draw up effective and safe plans for both disarmament and transitional WAM. A weapons survey and injury surveillance system also allow DDR practitioners to scope the extent of the WAM task ahead and to gauge national and local expectations concerning the transitional WAM measures to be carried out. This knowledge helps to ensure tailored programming and results. Data disaggregated by sex and age is a prerequisite for un- derstanding age- and gender-specific attitudes towards weapons, ammunition and ex- plosives, and their age- and gender-specific impacts. This type of data is also necessary to design evidence-based, and age- and gender-sensitive responses.The early collection of data also provides a baseline for DDR monitoring and eval- uation activities. These baseline indicators should be adjusted in line with evolving conflict dynamics. Monitoring and evaluation are crucial to ensure accountability and the effective implementation and management of transitional WAM. For more detailed guidance on monitoring and evaluation, refer to Box 2 of IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR and section 5.5 of MOSAIC 05.10.Once reliable information has been gathered, collaborative transitional WAM plans can be drawn up by the national DDR commission and the UN DDR component in mission settings and by the national DDR commission and the UN lead agency(ies) in non-mission settings. These plans should outline the intended target populations and requirements for transitional WAM, the type of WAM measures and operations that are planned, a timetable, and logistics, budget and staffing needs.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":769, "Sentence":"These plans should outline the intended target populations and requirements for transitional WAM, the type of WAM measures and operations that are planned, a timetable, and logistics, budget and staffing needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management plan outline intended target population requirement transitional wam type wam measure operation planned timetable logistics budget staffing need ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 National, regional and international regulatory framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"DDR-related transitional WAM shall be conducted in compliance with the national legislation of the concerned country and relevant international and regional legal frame- works, as well as complying with any reporting requirements under relevant sub-\/ regional and international instruments. Compliance with provisions specifically designed to promote gender equality, in particular, the empowerment of women, and the prevention of serious acts of armed violence against women and girls is especially critical.2 So too is compliance with provisions designed to support youth engagement and participation.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":770, "Sentence":"DDR-related transitional WAM shall be conducted in compliance with the national legislation of the concerned country and relevant international and regional legal frame- works, as well as complying with any reporting requirements under relevant sub-\/ regional and international instruments.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management ddrrelated transitional wam shall conducted compliance national legislation concerned country relevant international regional legal frame work well complying reporting requirement relevant sub\/ regional international instrument ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 National, regional and international regulatory framework", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"DDR-related transitional WAM shall be conducted in compliance with the national legislation of the concerned country and relevant international and regional legal frame- works, as well as complying with any reporting requirements under relevant sub-\/ regional and international instruments. Compliance with provisions specifically designed to promote gender equality, in particular, the empowerment of women, and the prevention of serious acts of armed violence against women and girls is especially critical.2 So too is compliance with provisions designed to support youth engagement and participation.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":770, "Sentence":"Compliance with provisions specifically designed to promote gender equality, in particular, the empowerment of women, and the prevention of serious acts of armed violence against women and girls is especially critical.2 So too is compliance with provisions designed to support youth engagement and participation.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management compliance provision specifically designed promote gender equality particular empowerment woman prevention serious act armed violence woman girl especially critical.2 compliance provision designed support youth engagement participation ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 National, regional and international regulatory framework", "Heading3":"5.2.1 National legislation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Many countries have national legislation regulating all or parts of the life cycle of weap- ons, ammunition and explosives, including manufacture, marking, import, export, re- cord-keeping and civilian possession. Often, if States have ratified\/adopted global and regional treaties and instruments, then relevant provisions of these instruments will be reflected in their national legislation. There may, however, be some variation in the extent to which States have developed or updated this legislation.In addition to legislation, national authorities may have developed national weap- ons and ammunition normative frameworks and\/or operational guidance documents, including a SALW national action plan and SOPs in accordance with the IATG and MOSAIC. These standards, strategies, national action plans and\/or strategic and oper- ational guidance documents should, at an early stage, be taken into consideration when planning and executing transitional WAM as part of a DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":771, "Sentence":"Many countries have national legislation regulating all or parts of the life cycle of weap- ons, ammunition and explosives, including manufacture, marking, import, export, re- cord-keeping and civilian possession.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management many country national legislation regulating part life cycle weap ons ammunition explosive including manufacture marking import export cordkeeping civilian possession ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 National, regional and international regulatory framework", "Heading3":"5.2.1 National legislation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Many countries have national legislation regulating all or parts of the life cycle of weap- ons, ammunition and explosives, including manufacture, marking, import, export, re- cord-keeping and civilian possession. Often, if States have ratified\/adopted global and regional treaties and instruments, then relevant provisions of these instruments will be reflected in their national legislation. There may, however, be some variation in the extent to which States have developed or updated this legislation.In addition to legislation, national authorities may have developed national weap- ons and ammunition normative frameworks and\/or operational guidance documents, including a SALW national action plan and SOPs in accordance with the IATG and MOSAIC. These standards, strategies, national action plans and\/or strategic and oper- ational guidance documents should, at an early stage, be taken into consideration when planning and executing transitional WAM as part of a DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":771, "Sentence":"Often, if States have ratified\/adopted global and regional treaties and instruments, then relevant provisions of these instruments will be reflected in their national legislation.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management often state ratified\/adopted global regional treaty instrument relevant provision instrument reflected national legislation ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 National, regional and international regulatory framework", "Heading3":"5.2.1 National legislation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Many countries have national legislation regulating all or parts of the life cycle of weap- ons, ammunition and explosives, including manufacture, marking, import, export, re- cord-keeping and civilian possession. Often, if States have ratified\/adopted global and regional treaties and instruments, then relevant provisions of these instruments will be reflected in their national legislation. There may, however, be some variation in the extent to which States have developed or updated this legislation.In addition to legislation, national authorities may have developed national weap- ons and ammunition normative frameworks and\/or operational guidance documents, including a SALW national action plan and SOPs in accordance with the IATG and MOSAIC. These standards, strategies, national action plans and\/or strategic and oper- ational guidance documents should, at an early stage, be taken into consideration when planning and executing transitional WAM as part of a DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":771, "Sentence":"There may, however, be some variation in the extent to which States have developed or updated this legislation.In addition to legislation, national authorities may have developed national weap- ons and ammunition normative frameworks and\/or operational guidance documents, including a SALW national action plan and SOPs in accordance with the IATG and MOSAIC.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management may however variation extent state developed updated legislation.in addition legislation national authority may developed national weap ons ammunition normative framework and\/or operational guidance document including salw national action plan sop accordance iatg mosaic ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 National, regional and international regulatory framework", "Heading3":"5.2.1 National legislation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Many countries have national legislation regulating all or parts of the life cycle of weap- ons, ammunition and explosives, including manufacture, marking, import, export, re- cord-keeping and civilian possession. Often, if States have ratified\/adopted global and regional treaties and instruments, then relevant provisions of these instruments will be reflected in their national legislation. There may, however, be some variation in the extent to which States have developed or updated this legislation.In addition to legislation, national authorities may have developed national weap- ons and ammunition normative frameworks and\/or operational guidance documents, including a SALW national action plan and SOPs in accordance with the IATG and MOSAIC. These standards, strategies, national action plans and\/or strategic and oper- ational guidance documents should, at an early stage, be taken into consideration when planning and executing transitional WAM as part of a DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":771, "Sentence":"These standards, strategies, national action plans and\/or strategic and oper- ational guidance documents should, at an early stage, be taken into consideration when planning and executing transitional WAM as part of a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management standard strategy national action plan and\/or strategic oper ational guidance document early stage taken consideration planning executing transitional wam part ddr process ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 National, regional and international regulatory framework", "Heading3":"5.2.2 Legally binding instruments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The regional and global instruments referred to below are legally binding. DDR prac- titioners should therefore identify which instruments are applicable to the country in which they operate.Regional instruments \\n Several regional, legally binding instruments have been adopted to support the imple- mentation of the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in SALW in All Its Aspects (see below).International instruments \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, which supplements the UN Con- vention against Transnational Organized Crime, was adopted in the context of crime prevention and law enforcement. State parties to the legally binding treaty agreed to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and traffick- ing in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international legal trade in conventional arms and seeks to prevent and eradicate their diversion to the illicit market by es- tablishing international standards governing arms transfers. The Treaty addresses the relationship between conventional arms transfers and the commission of gen- der-based violence. It requires States parties to assess the risk of the transferred conventional arms being used to commit or facilitate serious acts of gender-based violence or serious acts of violence against women and children. \\n United Nations human rights conventions, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as interpreted by their universal oversight mechanisms, require States to curb the proliferation of small arms and regulate access to them as part of the duty to protect the right to life. \\n\\n Other binding instruments may be relevant, including the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and the Conven- tion on Cluster Munitions. Security Council resolutions related to counter-terrorism as well as the Security Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum may also be relevant.Politically binding instruments \\n The UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (PoA) addresses the illicit trade in SALW with the objective of reducing human suffering. The PoA consists of commit- ments at the national, regional and global levels to combat the illicit trade in SALW. \\n The International Tracing Instrument, which was adopted within the framework of the PoA, promotes the development of marking, record-keeping and tracing meas- ures for SALW. \\n The Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Offi- cials is also relevant for planning and designing transitional WAM where inter-linkages between SSR and DDR exist.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":772, "Sentence":"The regional and global instruments referred to below are legally binding.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management regional global instrument referred legally binding ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 National, regional and international regulatory framework", "Heading3":"5.2.2 Legally binding instruments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The regional and global instruments referred to below are legally binding. DDR prac- titioners should therefore identify which instruments are applicable to the country in which they operate.Regional instruments \\n Several regional, legally binding instruments have been adopted to support the imple- mentation of the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in SALW in All Its Aspects (see below).International instruments \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, which supplements the UN Con- vention against Transnational Organized Crime, was adopted in the context of crime prevention and law enforcement. State parties to the legally binding treaty agreed to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and traffick- ing in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international legal trade in conventional arms and seeks to prevent and eradicate their diversion to the illicit market by es- tablishing international standards governing arms transfers. The Treaty addresses the relationship between conventional arms transfers and the commission of gen- der-based violence. It requires States parties to assess the risk of the transferred conventional arms being used to commit or facilitate serious acts of gender-based violence or serious acts of violence against women and children. \\n United Nations human rights conventions, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as interpreted by their universal oversight mechanisms, require States to curb the proliferation of small arms and regulate access to them as part of the duty to protect the right to life. \\n\\n Other binding instruments may be relevant, including the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and the Conven- tion on Cluster Munitions. Security Council resolutions related to counter-terrorism as well as the Security Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum may also be relevant.Politically binding instruments \\n The UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (PoA) addresses the illicit trade in SALW with the objective of reducing human suffering. The PoA consists of commit- ments at the national, regional and global levels to combat the illicit trade in SALW. \\n The International Tracing Instrument, which was adopted within the framework of the PoA, promotes the development of marking, record-keeping and tracing meas- ures for SALW. \\n The Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Offi- cials is also relevant for planning and designing transitional WAM where inter-linkages between SSR and DDR exist.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":772, "Sentence":"DDR prac- titioners should therefore identify which instruments are applicable to the country in which they operate.Regional instruments \\n Several regional, legally binding instruments have been adopted to support the imple- mentation of the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in SALW in All Its Aspects (see below).International instruments \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, which supplements the UN Con- vention against Transnational Organized Crime, was adopted in the context of crime prevention and law enforcement.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management ddr prac titioners therefore identify instrument applicable country operate.regional instrument n several regional legally binding instrument adopted support imple mentation un programme action prevent combat eradicate illicit trade salw aspect see below.international instrument n protocol illicit manufacturing trafficking firearm part component ammunition supplement un con vention transnational organized crime adopted context crime prevention law enforcement ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 National, regional and international regulatory framework", "Heading3":"5.2.2 Legally binding instruments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The regional and global instruments referred to below are legally binding. DDR prac- titioners should therefore identify which instruments are applicable to the country in which they operate.Regional instruments \\n Several regional, legally binding instruments have been adopted to support the imple- mentation of the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in SALW in All Its Aspects (see below).International instruments \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, which supplements the UN Con- vention against Transnational Organized Crime, was adopted in the context of crime prevention and law enforcement. State parties to the legally binding treaty agreed to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and traffick- ing in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international legal trade in conventional arms and seeks to prevent and eradicate their diversion to the illicit market by es- tablishing international standards governing arms transfers. The Treaty addresses the relationship between conventional arms transfers and the commission of gen- der-based violence. It requires States parties to assess the risk of the transferred conventional arms being used to commit or facilitate serious acts of gender-based violence or serious acts of violence against women and children. \\n United Nations human rights conventions, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as interpreted by their universal oversight mechanisms, require States to curb the proliferation of small arms and regulate access to them as part of the duty to protect the right to life. \\n\\n Other binding instruments may be relevant, including the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and the Conven- tion on Cluster Munitions. Security Council resolutions related to counter-terrorism as well as the Security Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum may also be relevant.Politically binding instruments \\n The UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (PoA) addresses the illicit trade in SALW with the objective of reducing human suffering. The PoA consists of commit- ments at the national, regional and global levels to combat the illicit trade in SALW. \\n The International Tracing Instrument, which was adopted within the framework of the PoA, promotes the development of marking, record-keeping and tracing meas- ures for SALW. \\n The Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Offi- cials is also relevant for planning and designing transitional WAM where inter-linkages between SSR and DDR exist.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":772, "Sentence":"State parties to the legally binding treaty agreed to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and traffick- ing in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management state party legally binding treaty agreed prevent combat eradicate illicit manufacturing traffick ing firearm part component ammunition ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 National, regional and international regulatory framework", "Heading3":"5.2.2 Legally binding instruments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The regional and global instruments referred to below are legally binding. DDR prac- titioners should therefore identify which instruments are applicable to the country in which they operate.Regional instruments \\n Several regional, legally binding instruments have been adopted to support the imple- mentation of the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in SALW in All Its Aspects (see below).International instruments \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, which supplements the UN Con- vention against Transnational Organized Crime, was adopted in the context of crime prevention and law enforcement. State parties to the legally binding treaty agreed to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and traffick- ing in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international legal trade in conventional arms and seeks to prevent and eradicate their diversion to the illicit market by es- tablishing international standards governing arms transfers. The Treaty addresses the relationship between conventional arms transfers and the commission of gen- der-based violence. It requires States parties to assess the risk of the transferred conventional arms being used to commit or facilitate serious acts of gender-based violence or serious acts of violence against women and children. \\n United Nations human rights conventions, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as interpreted by their universal oversight mechanisms, require States to curb the proliferation of small arms and regulate access to them as part of the duty to protect the right to life. \\n\\n Other binding instruments may be relevant, including the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and the Conven- tion on Cluster Munitions. Security Council resolutions related to counter-terrorism as well as the Security Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum may also be relevant.Politically binding instruments \\n The UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (PoA) addresses the illicit trade in SALW with the objective of reducing human suffering. The PoA consists of commit- ments at the national, regional and global levels to combat the illicit trade in SALW. \\n The International Tracing Instrument, which was adopted within the framework of the PoA, promotes the development of marking, record-keeping and tracing meas- ures for SALW. \\n The Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Offi- cials is also relevant for planning and designing transitional WAM where inter-linkages between SSR and DDR exist.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":772, "Sentence":"\\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international legal trade in conventional arms and seeks to prevent and eradicate their diversion to the illicit market by es- tablishing international standards governing arms transfers.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n arm trade treaty regulates international legal trade conventional arm seek prevent eradicate diversion illicit market e tablishing international standard governing arm transfer ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 National, regional and international regulatory framework", "Heading3":"5.2.2 Legally binding instruments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The regional and global instruments referred to below are legally binding. DDR prac- titioners should therefore identify which instruments are applicable to the country in which they operate.Regional instruments \\n Several regional, legally binding instruments have been adopted to support the imple- mentation of the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in SALW in All Its Aspects (see below).International instruments \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, which supplements the UN Con- vention against Transnational Organized Crime, was adopted in the context of crime prevention and law enforcement. State parties to the legally binding treaty agreed to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and traffick- ing in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international legal trade in conventional arms and seeks to prevent and eradicate their diversion to the illicit market by es- tablishing international standards governing arms transfers. The Treaty addresses the relationship between conventional arms transfers and the commission of gen- der-based violence. It requires States parties to assess the risk of the transferred conventional arms being used to commit or facilitate serious acts of gender-based violence or serious acts of violence against women and children. \\n United Nations human rights conventions, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as interpreted by their universal oversight mechanisms, require States to curb the proliferation of small arms and regulate access to them as part of the duty to protect the right to life. \\n\\n Other binding instruments may be relevant, including the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and the Conven- tion on Cluster Munitions. Security Council resolutions related to counter-terrorism as well as the Security Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum may also be relevant.Politically binding instruments \\n The UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (PoA) addresses the illicit trade in SALW with the objective of reducing human suffering. The PoA consists of commit- ments at the national, regional and global levels to combat the illicit trade in SALW. \\n The International Tracing Instrument, which was adopted within the framework of the PoA, promotes the development of marking, record-keeping and tracing meas- ures for SALW. \\n The Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Offi- cials is also relevant for planning and designing transitional WAM where inter-linkages between SSR and DDR exist.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":772, "Sentence":"The Treaty addresses the relationship between conventional arms transfers and the commission of gen- der-based violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management treaty address relationship conventional arm transfer commission gen derbased violence ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 National, regional and international regulatory framework", "Heading3":"5.2.2 Legally binding instruments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The regional and global instruments referred to below are legally binding. DDR prac- titioners should therefore identify which instruments are applicable to the country in which they operate.Regional instruments \\n Several regional, legally binding instruments have been adopted to support the imple- mentation of the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in SALW in All Its Aspects (see below).International instruments \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, which supplements the UN Con- vention against Transnational Organized Crime, was adopted in the context of crime prevention and law enforcement. State parties to the legally binding treaty agreed to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and traffick- ing in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international legal trade in conventional arms and seeks to prevent and eradicate their diversion to the illicit market by es- tablishing international standards governing arms transfers. The Treaty addresses the relationship between conventional arms transfers and the commission of gen- der-based violence. It requires States parties to assess the risk of the transferred conventional arms being used to commit or facilitate serious acts of gender-based violence or serious acts of violence against women and children. \\n United Nations human rights conventions, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as interpreted by their universal oversight mechanisms, require States to curb the proliferation of small arms and regulate access to them as part of the duty to protect the right to life. \\n\\n Other binding instruments may be relevant, including the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and the Conven- tion on Cluster Munitions. Security Council resolutions related to counter-terrorism as well as the Security Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum may also be relevant.Politically binding instruments \\n The UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (PoA) addresses the illicit trade in SALW with the objective of reducing human suffering. The PoA consists of commit- ments at the national, regional and global levels to combat the illicit trade in SALW. \\n The International Tracing Instrument, which was adopted within the framework of the PoA, promotes the development of marking, record-keeping and tracing meas- ures for SALW. \\n The Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Offi- cials is also relevant for planning and designing transitional WAM where inter-linkages between SSR and DDR exist.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":772, "Sentence":"It requires States parties to assess the risk of the transferred conventional arms being used to commit or facilitate serious acts of gender-based violence or serious acts of violence against women and children.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management requires state party ass risk transferred conventional arm used commit facilitate serious act genderbased violence serious act violence woman child ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 National, regional and international regulatory framework", "Heading3":"5.2.2 Legally binding instruments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The regional and global instruments referred to below are legally binding. DDR prac- titioners should therefore identify which instruments are applicable to the country in which they operate.Regional instruments \\n Several regional, legally binding instruments have been adopted to support the imple- mentation of the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in SALW in All Its Aspects (see below).International instruments \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, which supplements the UN Con- vention against Transnational Organized Crime, was adopted in the context of crime prevention and law enforcement. State parties to the legally binding treaty agreed to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and traffick- ing in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international legal trade in conventional arms and seeks to prevent and eradicate their diversion to the illicit market by es- tablishing international standards governing arms transfers. The Treaty addresses the relationship between conventional arms transfers and the commission of gen- der-based violence. It requires States parties to assess the risk of the transferred conventional arms being used to commit or facilitate serious acts of gender-based violence or serious acts of violence against women and children. \\n United Nations human rights conventions, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as interpreted by their universal oversight mechanisms, require States to curb the proliferation of small arms and regulate access to them as part of the duty to protect the right to life. \\n\\n Other binding instruments may be relevant, including the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and the Conven- tion on Cluster Munitions. Security Council resolutions related to counter-terrorism as well as the Security Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum may also be relevant.Politically binding instruments \\n The UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (PoA) addresses the illicit trade in SALW with the objective of reducing human suffering. The PoA consists of commit- ments at the national, regional and global levels to combat the illicit trade in SALW. \\n The International Tracing Instrument, which was adopted within the framework of the PoA, promotes the development of marking, record-keeping and tracing meas- ures for SALW. \\n The Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Offi- cials is also relevant for planning and designing transitional WAM where inter-linkages between SSR and DDR exist.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":772, "Sentence":"\\n United Nations human rights conventions, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as interpreted by their universal oversight mechanisms, require States to curb the proliferation of small arms and regulate access to them as part of the duty to protect the right to life.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n united nation human right convention international covenant civil political right interpreted universal oversight mechanism require state curb proliferation small arm regulate access part duty protect right life ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 National, regional and international regulatory framework", "Heading3":"5.2.2 Legally binding instruments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The regional and global instruments referred to below are legally binding. DDR prac- titioners should therefore identify which instruments are applicable to the country in which they operate.Regional instruments \\n Several regional, legally binding instruments have been adopted to support the imple- mentation of the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in SALW in All Its Aspects (see below).International instruments \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, which supplements the UN Con- vention against Transnational Organized Crime, was adopted in the context of crime prevention and law enforcement. State parties to the legally binding treaty agreed to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and traffick- ing in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international legal trade in conventional arms and seeks to prevent and eradicate their diversion to the illicit market by es- tablishing international standards governing arms transfers. The Treaty addresses the relationship between conventional arms transfers and the commission of gen- der-based violence. It requires States parties to assess the risk of the transferred conventional arms being used to commit or facilitate serious acts of gender-based violence or serious acts of violence against women and children. \\n United Nations human rights conventions, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as interpreted by their universal oversight mechanisms, require States to curb the proliferation of small arms and regulate access to them as part of the duty to protect the right to life. \\n\\n Other binding instruments may be relevant, including the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and the Conven- tion on Cluster Munitions. Security Council resolutions related to counter-terrorism as well as the Security Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum may also be relevant.Politically binding instruments \\n The UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (PoA) addresses the illicit trade in SALW with the objective of reducing human suffering. The PoA consists of commit- ments at the national, regional and global levels to combat the illicit trade in SALW. \\n The International Tracing Instrument, which was adopted within the framework of the PoA, promotes the development of marking, record-keeping and tracing meas- ures for SALW. \\n The Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Offi- cials is also relevant for planning and designing transitional WAM where inter-linkages between SSR and DDR exist.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":772, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Other binding instruments may be relevant, including the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and the Conven- tion on Cluster Munitions.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management nn binding instrument may relevant including antipersonnel mine ban convention convention certain conventional weapon conven tion cluster munition ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 National, regional and international regulatory framework", "Heading3":"5.2.2 Legally binding instruments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The regional and global instruments referred to below are legally binding. DDR prac- titioners should therefore identify which instruments are applicable to the country in which they operate.Regional instruments \\n Several regional, legally binding instruments have been adopted to support the imple- mentation of the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in SALW in All Its Aspects (see below).International instruments \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, which supplements the UN Con- vention against Transnational Organized Crime, was adopted in the context of crime prevention and law enforcement. State parties to the legally binding treaty agreed to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and traffick- ing in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international legal trade in conventional arms and seeks to prevent and eradicate their diversion to the illicit market by es- tablishing international standards governing arms transfers. The Treaty addresses the relationship between conventional arms transfers and the commission of gen- der-based violence. It requires States parties to assess the risk of the transferred conventional arms being used to commit or facilitate serious acts of gender-based violence or serious acts of violence against women and children. \\n United Nations human rights conventions, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as interpreted by their universal oversight mechanisms, require States to curb the proliferation of small arms and regulate access to them as part of the duty to protect the right to life. \\n\\n Other binding instruments may be relevant, including the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and the Conven- tion on Cluster Munitions. Security Council resolutions related to counter-terrorism as well as the Security Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum may also be relevant.Politically binding instruments \\n The UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (PoA) addresses the illicit trade in SALW with the objective of reducing human suffering. The PoA consists of commit- ments at the national, regional and global levels to combat the illicit trade in SALW. \\n The International Tracing Instrument, which was adopted within the framework of the PoA, promotes the development of marking, record-keeping and tracing meas- ures for SALW. \\n The Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Offi- cials is also relevant for planning and designing transitional WAM where inter-linkages between SSR and DDR exist.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":772, "Sentence":"Security Council resolutions related to counter-terrorism as well as the Security Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum may also be relevant.Politically binding instruments \\n The UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (PoA) addresses the illicit trade in SALW with the objective of reducing human suffering.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management security council resolution related counterterrorism well security council \u2019 2015 madrid guiding principle 2018 addendum may also relevant.politically binding instrument n un programme action prevent combat eradicate illicit trade small arm light weapon aspect poa address illicit trade salw objective reducing human suffering ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 National, regional and international regulatory framework", "Heading3":"5.2.2 Legally binding instruments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The regional and global instruments referred to below are legally binding. DDR prac- titioners should therefore identify which instruments are applicable to the country in which they operate.Regional instruments \\n Several regional, legally binding instruments have been adopted to support the imple- mentation of the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in SALW in All Its Aspects (see below).International instruments \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, which supplements the UN Con- vention against Transnational Organized Crime, was adopted in the context of crime prevention and law enforcement. State parties to the legally binding treaty agreed to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and traffick- ing in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international legal trade in conventional arms and seeks to prevent and eradicate their diversion to the illicit market by es- tablishing international standards governing arms transfers. The Treaty addresses the relationship between conventional arms transfers and the commission of gen- der-based violence. It requires States parties to assess the risk of the transferred conventional arms being used to commit or facilitate serious acts of gender-based violence or serious acts of violence against women and children. \\n United Nations human rights conventions, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as interpreted by their universal oversight mechanisms, require States to curb the proliferation of small arms and regulate access to them as part of the duty to protect the right to life. \\n\\n Other binding instruments may be relevant, including the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and the Conven- tion on Cluster Munitions. Security Council resolutions related to counter-terrorism as well as the Security Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum may also be relevant.Politically binding instruments \\n The UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (PoA) addresses the illicit trade in SALW with the objective of reducing human suffering. The PoA consists of commit- ments at the national, regional and global levels to combat the illicit trade in SALW. \\n The International Tracing Instrument, which was adopted within the framework of the PoA, promotes the development of marking, record-keeping and tracing meas- ures for SALW. \\n The Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Offi- cials is also relevant for planning and designing transitional WAM where inter-linkages between SSR and DDR exist.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":772, "Sentence":"The PoA consists of commit- ments at the national, regional and global levels to combat the illicit trade in SALW.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management poa consists commit ments national regional global level combat illicit trade salw ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 National, regional and international regulatory framework", "Heading3":"5.2.2 Legally binding instruments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The regional and global instruments referred to below are legally binding. DDR prac- titioners should therefore identify which instruments are applicable to the country in which they operate.Regional instruments \\n Several regional, legally binding instruments have been adopted to support the imple- mentation of the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in SALW in All Its Aspects (see below).International instruments \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, which supplements the UN Con- vention against Transnational Organized Crime, was adopted in the context of crime prevention and law enforcement. State parties to the legally binding treaty agreed to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and traffick- ing in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international legal trade in conventional arms and seeks to prevent and eradicate their diversion to the illicit market by es- tablishing international standards governing arms transfers. The Treaty addresses the relationship between conventional arms transfers and the commission of gen- der-based violence. It requires States parties to assess the risk of the transferred conventional arms being used to commit or facilitate serious acts of gender-based violence or serious acts of violence against women and children. \\n United Nations human rights conventions, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as interpreted by their universal oversight mechanisms, require States to curb the proliferation of small arms and regulate access to them as part of the duty to protect the right to life. \\n\\n Other binding instruments may be relevant, including the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and the Conven- tion on Cluster Munitions. Security Council resolutions related to counter-terrorism as well as the Security Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum may also be relevant.Politically binding instruments \\n The UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (PoA) addresses the illicit trade in SALW with the objective of reducing human suffering. The PoA consists of commit- ments at the national, regional and global levels to combat the illicit trade in SALW. \\n The International Tracing Instrument, which was adopted within the framework of the PoA, promotes the development of marking, record-keeping and tracing meas- ures for SALW. \\n The Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Offi- cials is also relevant for planning and designing transitional WAM where inter-linkages between SSR and DDR exist.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":772, "Sentence":"\\n The International Tracing Instrument, which was adopted within the framework of the PoA, promotes the development of marking, record-keeping and tracing meas- ures for SALW.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n international tracing instrument adopted within framework poa promotes development marking recordkeeping tracing meas ures salw ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 National, regional and international regulatory framework", "Heading3":"5.2.2 Legally binding instruments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The regional and global instruments referred to below are legally binding. DDR prac- titioners should therefore identify which instruments are applicable to the country in which they operate.Regional instruments \\n Several regional, legally binding instruments have been adopted to support the imple- mentation of the UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in SALW in All Its Aspects (see below).International instruments \\n The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, which supplements the UN Con- vention against Transnational Organized Crime, was adopted in the context of crime prevention and law enforcement. State parties to the legally binding treaty agreed to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and traffick- ing in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. \\n The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international legal trade in conventional arms and seeks to prevent and eradicate their diversion to the illicit market by es- tablishing international standards governing arms transfers. The Treaty addresses the relationship between conventional arms transfers and the commission of gen- der-based violence. It requires States parties to assess the risk of the transferred conventional arms being used to commit or facilitate serious acts of gender-based violence or serious acts of violence against women and children. \\n United Nations human rights conventions, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as interpreted by their universal oversight mechanisms, require States to curb the proliferation of small arms and regulate access to them as part of the duty to protect the right to life. \\n\\n Other binding instruments may be relevant, including the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and the Conven- tion on Cluster Munitions. Security Council resolutions related to counter-terrorism as well as the Security Council\u2019s 2015 Madrid Guiding Principles and its 2018 Addendum may also be relevant.Politically binding instruments \\n The UN Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (PoA) addresses the illicit trade in SALW with the objective of reducing human suffering. The PoA consists of commit- ments at the national, regional and global levels to combat the illicit trade in SALW. \\n The International Tracing Instrument, which was adopted within the framework of the PoA, promotes the development of marking, record-keeping and tracing meas- ures for SALW. \\n The Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Offi- cials is also relevant for planning and designing transitional WAM where inter-linkages between SSR and DDR exist.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":772, "Sentence":"\\n The Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Offi- cials is also relevant for planning and designing transitional WAM where inter-linkages between SSR and DDR exist.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n basic principle use force firearm law enforcement offi cials also relevant planning designing transitional wam interlinkages ssr ddr exist ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Gender-sensitive transitional WAM", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Women, men, children, adolescents and youth play an instrumental role in the imple- mentation of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process, including through encourag- ing family, community members and members of armed forces and groups to partic- ipate. Gender- and age-responsive transitional WAM is proven to be more effective in addressing the impacts of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives than transitional WAM that is gender or age blind. Gender and age mainstreaming is essential to assuring the overall success of DDR processes.DDR practitioners should involve women, children, adolescents and youth from affected communities in the planning, design, implementation, and monitoring and eval- uation phases of transitional WAM. Women can, for example, contribute to raising aware- ness of the risks associated with weapons ownership and ensure that rules adopted by the community, in terms of weapons control, are effective and enforced. As the owners and users of weapons, ammunition and explosives are predominantly men, including youth, communication and outreach efforts should focus on dissociating arms ownership from notions of power, protection, status and masculinity. For this type of gender- and age-transformative transitional WAM to be effective, it should be linked to other DDR- related tools, such as CVR, pre-DDR, and DDR support to mediation (see section 6).To ensure that transitional WAM is gender- and age-responsive, DDR practitioners should focus on the following areas of strategic importance: (a) the involvement of both men and women at all stages of transitional WAM, as well as children, adolescents and youth where appropriate; (b) the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data and gender and age analysis as a baseline for understanding challenges and needs; (c) the measurement of progress through the development of age- and gender-sensitive in- dicators; (d) the enhancement of the gender competence and commitment to gender equality among programme staff and national partners, including the national DDR commission and other relevant bodies; (e) ensuring organizational structures, work- flows and knowledge management are responsive to different environments; (f) work- ing with partners to strengthen age- and gender-responsiveness, including women\u2019s, men\u2019s and youth networks and organizations; and (g) gender- and age-sensitive pro- gramme monitoring and evaluation exercises. Specific guidance can be found in ID- DRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, as well as in MOSAIC Module 06.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of SALW and MOSAIC Module 06.20 on Children, Ad- olescents, Youth and SALW. (See Annex B for other normative references.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":773, "Sentence":"Women, men, children, adolescents and youth play an instrumental role in the imple- mentation of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process, including through encourag- ing family, community members and members of armed forces and groups to partic- ipate.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management woman men child adolescent youth play instrumental role imple mentation transitional wam part ddr process including encourag ing family community member member armed force group partic ipate ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Gender-sensitive transitional WAM", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Women, men, children, adolescents and youth play an instrumental role in the imple- mentation of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process, including through encourag- ing family, community members and members of armed forces and groups to partic- ipate. Gender- and age-responsive transitional WAM is proven to be more effective in addressing the impacts of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives than transitional WAM that is gender or age blind. Gender and age mainstreaming is essential to assuring the overall success of DDR processes.DDR practitioners should involve women, children, adolescents and youth from affected communities in the planning, design, implementation, and monitoring and eval- uation phases of transitional WAM. Women can, for example, contribute to raising aware- ness of the risks associated with weapons ownership and ensure that rules adopted by the community, in terms of weapons control, are effective and enforced. As the owners and users of weapons, ammunition and explosives are predominantly men, including youth, communication and outreach efforts should focus on dissociating arms ownership from notions of power, protection, status and masculinity. For this type of gender- and age-transformative transitional WAM to be effective, it should be linked to other DDR- related tools, such as CVR, pre-DDR, and DDR support to mediation (see section 6).To ensure that transitional WAM is gender- and age-responsive, DDR practitioners should focus on the following areas of strategic importance: (a) the involvement of both men and women at all stages of transitional WAM, as well as children, adolescents and youth where appropriate; (b) the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data and gender and age analysis as a baseline for understanding challenges and needs; (c) the measurement of progress through the development of age- and gender-sensitive in- dicators; (d) the enhancement of the gender competence and commitment to gender equality among programme staff and national partners, including the national DDR commission and other relevant bodies; (e) ensuring organizational structures, work- flows and knowledge management are responsive to different environments; (f) work- ing with partners to strengthen age- and gender-responsiveness, including women\u2019s, men\u2019s and youth networks and organizations; and (g) gender- and age-sensitive pro- gramme monitoring and evaluation exercises. Specific guidance can be found in ID- DRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, as well as in MOSAIC Module 06.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of SALW and MOSAIC Module 06.20 on Children, Ad- olescents, Youth and SALW. (See Annex B for other normative references.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":773, "Sentence":"Gender- and age-responsive transitional WAM is proven to be more effective in addressing the impacts of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives than transitional WAM that is gender or age blind.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management gender ageresponsive transitional wam proven effective addressing impact illicit circulation misuse weapon ammunition explosive transitional wam gender age blind ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Gender-sensitive transitional WAM", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Women, men, children, adolescents and youth play an instrumental role in the imple- mentation of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process, including through encourag- ing family, community members and members of armed forces and groups to partic- ipate. Gender- and age-responsive transitional WAM is proven to be more effective in addressing the impacts of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives than transitional WAM that is gender or age blind. Gender and age mainstreaming is essential to assuring the overall success of DDR processes.DDR practitioners should involve women, children, adolescents and youth from affected communities in the planning, design, implementation, and monitoring and eval- uation phases of transitional WAM. Women can, for example, contribute to raising aware- ness of the risks associated with weapons ownership and ensure that rules adopted by the community, in terms of weapons control, are effective and enforced. As the owners and users of weapons, ammunition and explosives are predominantly men, including youth, communication and outreach efforts should focus on dissociating arms ownership from notions of power, protection, status and masculinity. For this type of gender- and age-transformative transitional WAM to be effective, it should be linked to other DDR- related tools, such as CVR, pre-DDR, and DDR support to mediation (see section 6).To ensure that transitional WAM is gender- and age-responsive, DDR practitioners should focus on the following areas of strategic importance: (a) the involvement of both men and women at all stages of transitional WAM, as well as children, adolescents and youth where appropriate; (b) the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data and gender and age analysis as a baseline for understanding challenges and needs; (c) the measurement of progress through the development of age- and gender-sensitive in- dicators; (d) the enhancement of the gender competence and commitment to gender equality among programme staff and national partners, including the national DDR commission and other relevant bodies; (e) ensuring organizational structures, work- flows and knowledge management are responsive to different environments; (f) work- ing with partners to strengthen age- and gender-responsiveness, including women\u2019s, men\u2019s and youth networks and organizations; and (g) gender- and age-sensitive pro- gramme monitoring and evaluation exercises. Specific guidance can be found in ID- DRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, as well as in MOSAIC Module 06.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of SALW and MOSAIC Module 06.20 on Children, Ad- olescents, Youth and SALW. (See Annex B for other normative references.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":773, "Sentence":"Gender and age mainstreaming is essential to assuring the overall success of DDR processes.DDR practitioners should involve women, children, adolescents and youth from affected communities in the planning, design, implementation, and monitoring and eval- uation phases of transitional WAM.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management gender age mainstreaming essential assuring overall success ddr processes.ddr practitioner involve woman child adolescent youth affected community planning design implementation monitoring eval uation phase transitional wam ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Gender-sensitive transitional WAM", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Women, men, children, adolescents and youth play an instrumental role in the imple- mentation of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process, including through encourag- ing family, community members and members of armed forces and groups to partic- ipate. Gender- and age-responsive transitional WAM is proven to be more effective in addressing the impacts of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives than transitional WAM that is gender or age blind. Gender and age mainstreaming is essential to assuring the overall success of DDR processes.DDR practitioners should involve women, children, adolescents and youth from affected communities in the planning, design, implementation, and monitoring and eval- uation phases of transitional WAM. Women can, for example, contribute to raising aware- ness of the risks associated with weapons ownership and ensure that rules adopted by the community, in terms of weapons control, are effective and enforced. As the owners and users of weapons, ammunition and explosives are predominantly men, including youth, communication and outreach efforts should focus on dissociating arms ownership from notions of power, protection, status and masculinity. For this type of gender- and age-transformative transitional WAM to be effective, it should be linked to other DDR- related tools, such as CVR, pre-DDR, and DDR support to mediation (see section 6).To ensure that transitional WAM is gender- and age-responsive, DDR practitioners should focus on the following areas of strategic importance: (a) the involvement of both men and women at all stages of transitional WAM, as well as children, adolescents and youth where appropriate; (b) the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data and gender and age analysis as a baseline for understanding challenges and needs; (c) the measurement of progress through the development of age- and gender-sensitive in- dicators; (d) the enhancement of the gender competence and commitment to gender equality among programme staff and national partners, including the national DDR commission and other relevant bodies; (e) ensuring organizational structures, work- flows and knowledge management are responsive to different environments; (f) work- ing with partners to strengthen age- and gender-responsiveness, including women\u2019s, men\u2019s and youth networks and organizations; and (g) gender- and age-sensitive pro- gramme monitoring and evaluation exercises. Specific guidance can be found in ID- DRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, as well as in MOSAIC Module 06.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of SALW and MOSAIC Module 06.20 on Children, Ad- olescents, Youth and SALW. (See Annex B for other normative references.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":773, "Sentence":"Women can, for example, contribute to raising aware- ness of the risks associated with weapons ownership and ensure that rules adopted by the community, in terms of weapons control, are effective and enforced.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management woman example contribute raising aware ness risk associated weapon ownership ensure rule adopted community term weapon control effective enforced ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Gender-sensitive transitional WAM", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Women, men, children, adolescents and youth play an instrumental role in the imple- mentation of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process, including through encourag- ing family, community members and members of armed forces and groups to partic- ipate. Gender- and age-responsive transitional WAM is proven to be more effective in addressing the impacts of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives than transitional WAM that is gender or age blind. Gender and age mainstreaming is essential to assuring the overall success of DDR processes.DDR practitioners should involve women, children, adolescents and youth from affected communities in the planning, design, implementation, and monitoring and eval- uation phases of transitional WAM. Women can, for example, contribute to raising aware- ness of the risks associated with weapons ownership and ensure that rules adopted by the community, in terms of weapons control, are effective and enforced. As the owners and users of weapons, ammunition and explosives are predominantly men, including youth, communication and outreach efforts should focus on dissociating arms ownership from notions of power, protection, status and masculinity. For this type of gender- and age-transformative transitional WAM to be effective, it should be linked to other DDR- related tools, such as CVR, pre-DDR, and DDR support to mediation (see section 6).To ensure that transitional WAM is gender- and age-responsive, DDR practitioners should focus on the following areas of strategic importance: (a) the involvement of both men and women at all stages of transitional WAM, as well as children, adolescents and youth where appropriate; (b) the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data and gender and age analysis as a baseline for understanding challenges and needs; (c) the measurement of progress through the development of age- and gender-sensitive in- dicators; (d) the enhancement of the gender competence and commitment to gender equality among programme staff and national partners, including the national DDR commission and other relevant bodies; (e) ensuring organizational structures, work- flows and knowledge management are responsive to different environments; (f) work- ing with partners to strengthen age- and gender-responsiveness, including women\u2019s, men\u2019s and youth networks and organizations; and (g) gender- and age-sensitive pro- gramme monitoring and evaluation exercises. Specific guidance can be found in ID- DRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, as well as in MOSAIC Module 06.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of SALW and MOSAIC Module 06.20 on Children, Ad- olescents, Youth and SALW. (See Annex B for other normative references.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":773, "Sentence":"As the owners and users of weapons, ammunition and explosives are predominantly men, including youth, communication and outreach efforts should focus on dissociating arms ownership from notions of power, protection, status and masculinity.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management owner user weapon ammunition explosive predominantly men including youth communication outreach effort focus dissociating arm ownership notion power protection status masculinity ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Gender-sensitive transitional WAM", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Women, men, children, adolescents and youth play an instrumental role in the imple- mentation of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process, including through encourag- ing family, community members and members of armed forces and groups to partic- ipate. Gender- and age-responsive transitional WAM is proven to be more effective in addressing the impacts of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives than transitional WAM that is gender or age blind. Gender and age mainstreaming is essential to assuring the overall success of DDR processes.DDR practitioners should involve women, children, adolescents and youth from affected communities in the planning, design, implementation, and monitoring and eval- uation phases of transitional WAM. Women can, for example, contribute to raising aware- ness of the risks associated with weapons ownership and ensure that rules adopted by the community, in terms of weapons control, are effective and enforced. As the owners and users of weapons, ammunition and explosives are predominantly men, including youth, communication and outreach efforts should focus on dissociating arms ownership from notions of power, protection, status and masculinity. For this type of gender- and age-transformative transitional WAM to be effective, it should be linked to other DDR- related tools, such as CVR, pre-DDR, and DDR support to mediation (see section 6).To ensure that transitional WAM is gender- and age-responsive, DDR practitioners should focus on the following areas of strategic importance: (a) the involvement of both men and women at all stages of transitional WAM, as well as children, adolescents and youth where appropriate; (b) the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data and gender and age analysis as a baseline for understanding challenges and needs; (c) the measurement of progress through the development of age- and gender-sensitive in- dicators; (d) the enhancement of the gender competence and commitment to gender equality among programme staff and national partners, including the national DDR commission and other relevant bodies; (e) ensuring organizational structures, work- flows and knowledge management are responsive to different environments; (f) work- ing with partners to strengthen age- and gender-responsiveness, including women\u2019s, men\u2019s and youth networks and organizations; and (g) gender- and age-sensitive pro- gramme monitoring and evaluation exercises. Specific guidance can be found in ID- DRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, as well as in MOSAIC Module 06.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of SALW and MOSAIC Module 06.20 on Children, Ad- olescents, Youth and SALW. (See Annex B for other normative references.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":773, "Sentence":"For this type of gender- and age-transformative transitional WAM to be effective, it should be linked to other DDR- related tools, such as CVR, pre-DDR, and DDR support to mediation (see section 6).To ensure that transitional WAM is gender- and age-responsive, DDR practitioners should focus on the following areas of strategic importance: (a) the involvement of both men and women at all stages of transitional WAM, as well as children, adolescents and youth where appropriate; (b) the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data and gender and age analysis as a baseline for understanding challenges and needs; (c) the measurement of progress through the development of age- and gender-sensitive in- dicators; (d) the enhancement of the gender competence and commitment to gender equality among programme staff and national partners, including the national DDR commission and other relevant bodies; (e) ensuring organizational structures, work- flows and knowledge management are responsive to different environments; (f) work- ing with partners to strengthen age- and gender-responsiveness, including women\u2019s, men\u2019s and youth networks and organizations; and (g) gender- and age-sensitive pro- gramme monitoring and evaluation exercises.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management type gender agetransformative transitional wam effective linked ddr related tool cvr preddr ddr support mediation see section 6.to ensure transitional wam gender ageresponsive ddr practitioner focus following area strategic importance involvement men woman stage transitional wam well child adolescent youth appropriate b collection sex agedisaggregated data gender age analysis baseline understanding challenge need c measurement progress development age gendersensitive dicators enhancement gender competence commitment gender equality among programme staff national partner including national ddr commission relevant body e ensuring organizational structure work flow knowledge management responsive different environment f work ing partner strengthen age genderresponsiveness including woman \u2019 men \u2019 youth network organization g gender agesensitive pro gramme monitoring evaluation exercise ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Gender-sensitive transitional WAM", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Women, men, children, adolescents and youth play an instrumental role in the imple- mentation of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process, including through encourag- ing family, community members and members of armed forces and groups to partic- ipate. Gender- and age-responsive transitional WAM is proven to be more effective in addressing the impacts of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives than transitional WAM that is gender or age blind. Gender and age mainstreaming is essential to assuring the overall success of DDR processes.DDR practitioners should involve women, children, adolescents and youth from affected communities in the planning, design, implementation, and monitoring and eval- uation phases of transitional WAM. Women can, for example, contribute to raising aware- ness of the risks associated with weapons ownership and ensure that rules adopted by the community, in terms of weapons control, are effective and enforced. As the owners and users of weapons, ammunition and explosives are predominantly men, including youth, communication and outreach efforts should focus on dissociating arms ownership from notions of power, protection, status and masculinity. For this type of gender- and age-transformative transitional WAM to be effective, it should be linked to other DDR- related tools, such as CVR, pre-DDR, and DDR support to mediation (see section 6).To ensure that transitional WAM is gender- and age-responsive, DDR practitioners should focus on the following areas of strategic importance: (a) the involvement of both men and women at all stages of transitional WAM, as well as children, adolescents and youth where appropriate; (b) the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data and gender and age analysis as a baseline for understanding challenges and needs; (c) the measurement of progress through the development of age- and gender-sensitive in- dicators; (d) the enhancement of the gender competence and commitment to gender equality among programme staff and national partners, including the national DDR commission and other relevant bodies; (e) ensuring organizational structures, work- flows and knowledge management are responsive to different environments; (f) work- ing with partners to strengthen age- and gender-responsiveness, including women\u2019s, men\u2019s and youth networks and organizations; and (g) gender- and age-sensitive pro- gramme monitoring and evaluation exercises. Specific guidance can be found in ID- DRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, as well as in MOSAIC Module 06.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of SALW and MOSAIC Module 06.20 on Children, Ad- olescents, Youth and SALW. (See Annex B for other normative references.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":773, "Sentence":"Specific guidance can be found in ID- DRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, as well as in MOSAIC Module 06.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of SALW and MOSAIC Module 06.20 on Children, Ad- olescents, Youth and SALW.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management specific guidance found id drs 5.10 woman gender ddr well mosaic module 06.10 woman men gendered nature salw mosaic module 06.20 child ad olescents youth salw ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Gender-sensitive transitional WAM", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Women, men, children, adolescents and youth play an instrumental role in the imple- mentation of transitional WAM as part of a DDR process, including through encourag- ing family, community members and members of armed forces and groups to partic- ipate. Gender- and age-responsive transitional WAM is proven to be more effective in addressing the impacts of the illicit circulation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives than transitional WAM that is gender or age blind. Gender and age mainstreaming is essential to assuring the overall success of DDR processes.DDR practitioners should involve women, children, adolescents and youth from affected communities in the planning, design, implementation, and monitoring and eval- uation phases of transitional WAM. Women can, for example, contribute to raising aware- ness of the risks associated with weapons ownership and ensure that rules adopted by the community, in terms of weapons control, are effective and enforced. As the owners and users of weapons, ammunition and explosives are predominantly men, including youth, communication and outreach efforts should focus on dissociating arms ownership from notions of power, protection, status and masculinity. For this type of gender- and age-transformative transitional WAM to be effective, it should be linked to other DDR- related tools, such as CVR, pre-DDR, and DDR support to mediation (see section 6).To ensure that transitional WAM is gender- and age-responsive, DDR practitioners should focus on the following areas of strategic importance: (a) the involvement of both men and women at all stages of transitional WAM, as well as children, adolescents and youth where appropriate; (b) the collection of sex- and age-disaggregated data and gender and age analysis as a baseline for understanding challenges and needs; (c) the measurement of progress through the development of age- and gender-sensitive in- dicators; (d) the enhancement of the gender competence and commitment to gender equality among programme staff and national partners, including the national DDR commission and other relevant bodies; (e) ensuring organizational structures, work- flows and knowledge management are responsive to different environments; (f) work- ing with partners to strengthen age- and gender-responsiveness, including women\u2019s, men\u2019s and youth networks and organizations; and (g) gender- and age-sensitive pro- gramme monitoring and evaluation exercises. Specific guidance can be found in ID- DRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, as well as in MOSAIC Module 06.10 on Women, Men and the Gendered Nature of SALW and MOSAIC Module 06.20 on Children, Ad- olescents, Youth and SALW. (See Annex B for other normative references.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":773, "Sentence":"(See Annex B for other normative references.)", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management see annex b normative reference ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When part of a DDR process, transitional WAM should be considered when there is a need to respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. For example, transitional WAM may be appropriate when: \\n Armed groups refuse to disarm as the pre-conditions for a DDR programme are not in place. \\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups return to their communities with weapons, ammunition and\/or explosives, perhaps be- cause of ongoing insecurity or because weapons possession is a cultural practice or tied to notions of power and masculinity. \\n Weapons and ammunition are circulating in communities and pose a security threat, especially where: \\n\\n Civilians, including in certain contexts children, are at-risk of recruitment by armed groups; \\n\\n Civilians, including women, girls, men and boys, are at risk of serious interna- tional crimes, including conflict-related sexual violence. \\n\\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups are about to return as part of DDR programmes.While transitional WAM should always aim to remove or facilitate the legal regis- tration of all weapons in circulation, the reality of weapons culture and the desire for self-protection and\/or empowerment should be recognized, with transitional WAM options and objectives identified accordingly. A generic typology of DDR-related tran- sitional WAM measures is found in Table 1. When reference is made to the collec- tion, registration, storage, transportation and\/or disposal, including the destruction, of weapons, ammunition and explosives during transitional WAM, the core guidelines outlined in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament apply.In addition to the generic measures outlined above, in some instances DDR practi- tioners may consider supporting the WAM capacity of armed groups. DDR practition- ers should exercise extreme caution when supporting armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity. While transitional WAM may help to build trust with national and international stake- holders and address some of the immediate risks with regard to the proliferation of weapons, ammunition and explosives, building the WAM capacity of armed groups carries certain risks, and may inadvertently reinforce the fighting capacity of armed groups, legitimize their status, and tarnish the UN\u2019s reputation, all of which could threaten wider DDR objectives. As a result, any decision to support armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity shall consider the following: \\n This approach must align with the broader DDR strategy agreed with and approved by national authorities as an integral part of a peace process or an alter- native conflict resolution strategy. \\n This approach must be in line with the overall UN mission mandate and objec- tives of the UN mission (if a UN mission has been established). \\n Engagement with armed groups shall follow UN policy on this matter, i.e. UN mission policy, including SOPs on engagement with armed groups where they have been adopted, the UN\u2019s Aide Memoire on Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes (see Annex B) and the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy. \\n This approach shall be informed by risk analysis and be accompanied by risk mitigation measures.If all of the above conditions are fulfilled, DDR support to WAM capacity-building for armed groups may include storing ammunition stockpiles away from inhabited areas and in line with the IATG, destroying hazardous ammunition and explosives as identified by armed groups, and providing basic stockpile management advice, support and solutions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":774, "Sentence":"When part of a DDR process, transitional WAM should be considered when there is a need to respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management part ddr process transitional wam considered need respond presence active and\/or former member armed group ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When part of a DDR process, transitional WAM should be considered when there is a need to respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. For example, transitional WAM may be appropriate when: \\n Armed groups refuse to disarm as the pre-conditions for a DDR programme are not in place. \\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups return to their communities with weapons, ammunition and\/or explosives, perhaps be- cause of ongoing insecurity or because weapons possession is a cultural practice or tied to notions of power and masculinity. \\n Weapons and ammunition are circulating in communities and pose a security threat, especially where: \\n\\n Civilians, including in certain contexts children, are at-risk of recruitment by armed groups; \\n\\n Civilians, including women, girls, men and boys, are at risk of serious interna- tional crimes, including conflict-related sexual violence. \\n\\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups are about to return as part of DDR programmes.While transitional WAM should always aim to remove or facilitate the legal regis- tration of all weapons in circulation, the reality of weapons culture and the desire for self-protection and\/or empowerment should be recognized, with transitional WAM options and objectives identified accordingly. A generic typology of DDR-related tran- sitional WAM measures is found in Table 1. When reference is made to the collec- tion, registration, storage, transportation and\/or disposal, including the destruction, of weapons, ammunition and explosives during transitional WAM, the core guidelines outlined in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament apply.In addition to the generic measures outlined above, in some instances DDR practi- tioners may consider supporting the WAM capacity of armed groups. DDR practition- ers should exercise extreme caution when supporting armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity. While transitional WAM may help to build trust with national and international stake- holders and address some of the immediate risks with regard to the proliferation of weapons, ammunition and explosives, building the WAM capacity of armed groups carries certain risks, and may inadvertently reinforce the fighting capacity of armed groups, legitimize their status, and tarnish the UN\u2019s reputation, all of which could threaten wider DDR objectives. As a result, any decision to support armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity shall consider the following: \\n This approach must align with the broader DDR strategy agreed with and approved by national authorities as an integral part of a peace process or an alter- native conflict resolution strategy. \\n This approach must be in line with the overall UN mission mandate and objec- tives of the UN mission (if a UN mission has been established). \\n Engagement with armed groups shall follow UN policy on this matter, i.e. UN mission policy, including SOPs on engagement with armed groups where they have been adopted, the UN\u2019s Aide Memoire on Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes (see Annex B) and the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy. \\n This approach shall be informed by risk analysis and be accompanied by risk mitigation measures.If all of the above conditions are fulfilled, DDR support to WAM capacity-building for armed groups may include storing ammunition stockpiles away from inhabited areas and in line with the IATG, destroying hazardous ammunition and explosives as identified by armed groups, and providing basic stockpile management advice, support and solutions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":774, "Sentence":"For example, transitional WAM may be appropriate when: \\n Armed groups refuse to disarm as the pre-conditions for a DDR programme are not in place.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management example transitional wam may appropriate n armed group refuse disarm precondition ddr programme place ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When part of a DDR process, transitional WAM should be considered when there is a need to respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. For example, transitional WAM may be appropriate when: \\n Armed groups refuse to disarm as the pre-conditions for a DDR programme are not in place. \\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups return to their communities with weapons, ammunition and\/or explosives, perhaps be- cause of ongoing insecurity or because weapons possession is a cultural practice or tied to notions of power and masculinity. \\n Weapons and ammunition are circulating in communities and pose a security threat, especially where: \\n\\n Civilians, including in certain contexts children, are at-risk of recruitment by armed groups; \\n\\n Civilians, including women, girls, men and boys, are at risk of serious interna- tional crimes, including conflict-related sexual violence. \\n\\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups are about to return as part of DDR programmes.While transitional WAM should always aim to remove or facilitate the legal regis- tration of all weapons in circulation, the reality of weapons culture and the desire for self-protection and\/or empowerment should be recognized, with transitional WAM options and objectives identified accordingly. A generic typology of DDR-related tran- sitional WAM measures is found in Table 1. When reference is made to the collec- tion, registration, storage, transportation and\/or disposal, including the destruction, of weapons, ammunition and explosives during transitional WAM, the core guidelines outlined in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament apply.In addition to the generic measures outlined above, in some instances DDR practi- tioners may consider supporting the WAM capacity of armed groups. DDR practition- ers should exercise extreme caution when supporting armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity. While transitional WAM may help to build trust with national and international stake- holders and address some of the immediate risks with regard to the proliferation of weapons, ammunition and explosives, building the WAM capacity of armed groups carries certain risks, and may inadvertently reinforce the fighting capacity of armed groups, legitimize their status, and tarnish the UN\u2019s reputation, all of which could threaten wider DDR objectives. As a result, any decision to support armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity shall consider the following: \\n This approach must align with the broader DDR strategy agreed with and approved by national authorities as an integral part of a peace process or an alter- native conflict resolution strategy. \\n This approach must be in line with the overall UN mission mandate and objec- tives of the UN mission (if a UN mission has been established). \\n Engagement with armed groups shall follow UN policy on this matter, i.e. UN mission policy, including SOPs on engagement with armed groups where they have been adopted, the UN\u2019s Aide Memoire on Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes (see Annex B) and the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy. \\n This approach shall be informed by risk analysis and be accompanied by risk mitigation measures.If all of the above conditions are fulfilled, DDR support to WAM capacity-building for armed groups may include storing ammunition stockpiles away from inhabited areas and in line with the IATG, destroying hazardous ammunition and explosives as identified by armed groups, and providing basic stockpile management advice, support and solutions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":774, "Sentence":"\\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups return to their communities with weapons, ammunition and\/or explosives, perhaps be- cause of ongoing insecurity or because weapons possession is a cultural practice or tied to notions of power and masculinity.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n former combatant and\/or person formerly associated armed group return community weapon ammunition and\/or explosive perhaps cause ongoing insecurity weapon possession cultural practice tied notion power masculinity ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When part of a DDR process, transitional WAM should be considered when there is a need to respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. For example, transitional WAM may be appropriate when: \\n Armed groups refuse to disarm as the pre-conditions for a DDR programme are not in place. \\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups return to their communities with weapons, ammunition and\/or explosives, perhaps be- cause of ongoing insecurity or because weapons possession is a cultural practice or tied to notions of power and masculinity. \\n Weapons and ammunition are circulating in communities and pose a security threat, especially where: \\n\\n Civilians, including in certain contexts children, are at-risk of recruitment by armed groups; \\n\\n Civilians, including women, girls, men and boys, are at risk of serious interna- tional crimes, including conflict-related sexual violence. \\n\\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups are about to return as part of DDR programmes.While transitional WAM should always aim to remove or facilitate the legal regis- tration of all weapons in circulation, the reality of weapons culture and the desire for self-protection and\/or empowerment should be recognized, with transitional WAM options and objectives identified accordingly. A generic typology of DDR-related tran- sitional WAM measures is found in Table 1. When reference is made to the collec- tion, registration, storage, transportation and\/or disposal, including the destruction, of weapons, ammunition and explosives during transitional WAM, the core guidelines outlined in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament apply.In addition to the generic measures outlined above, in some instances DDR practi- tioners may consider supporting the WAM capacity of armed groups. DDR practition- ers should exercise extreme caution when supporting armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity. While transitional WAM may help to build trust with national and international stake- holders and address some of the immediate risks with regard to the proliferation of weapons, ammunition and explosives, building the WAM capacity of armed groups carries certain risks, and may inadvertently reinforce the fighting capacity of armed groups, legitimize their status, and tarnish the UN\u2019s reputation, all of which could threaten wider DDR objectives. As a result, any decision to support armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity shall consider the following: \\n This approach must align with the broader DDR strategy agreed with and approved by national authorities as an integral part of a peace process or an alter- native conflict resolution strategy. \\n This approach must be in line with the overall UN mission mandate and objec- tives of the UN mission (if a UN mission has been established). \\n Engagement with armed groups shall follow UN policy on this matter, i.e. UN mission policy, including SOPs on engagement with armed groups where they have been adopted, the UN\u2019s Aide Memoire on Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes (see Annex B) and the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy. \\n This approach shall be informed by risk analysis and be accompanied by risk mitigation measures.If all of the above conditions are fulfilled, DDR support to WAM capacity-building for armed groups may include storing ammunition stockpiles away from inhabited areas and in line with the IATG, destroying hazardous ammunition and explosives as identified by armed groups, and providing basic stockpile management advice, support and solutions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":774, "Sentence":"\\n Weapons and ammunition are circulating in communities and pose a security threat, especially where: \\n\\n Civilians, including in certain contexts children, are at-risk of recruitment by armed groups; \\n\\n Civilians, including women, girls, men and boys, are at risk of serious interna- tional crimes, including conflict-related sexual violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n weapon ammunition circulating community pose security threat especially nn civilian including certain context child atrisk recruitment armed group nn civilian including woman girl men boy risk serious interna tional crime including conflictrelated sexual violence ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When part of a DDR process, transitional WAM should be considered when there is a need to respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. For example, transitional WAM may be appropriate when: \\n Armed groups refuse to disarm as the pre-conditions for a DDR programme are not in place. \\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups return to their communities with weapons, ammunition and\/or explosives, perhaps be- cause of ongoing insecurity or because weapons possession is a cultural practice or tied to notions of power and masculinity. \\n Weapons and ammunition are circulating in communities and pose a security threat, especially where: \\n\\n Civilians, including in certain contexts children, are at-risk of recruitment by armed groups; \\n\\n Civilians, including women, girls, men and boys, are at risk of serious interna- tional crimes, including conflict-related sexual violence. \\n\\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups are about to return as part of DDR programmes.While transitional WAM should always aim to remove or facilitate the legal regis- tration of all weapons in circulation, the reality of weapons culture and the desire for self-protection and\/or empowerment should be recognized, with transitional WAM options and objectives identified accordingly. A generic typology of DDR-related tran- sitional WAM measures is found in Table 1. When reference is made to the collec- tion, registration, storage, transportation and\/or disposal, including the destruction, of weapons, ammunition and explosives during transitional WAM, the core guidelines outlined in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament apply.In addition to the generic measures outlined above, in some instances DDR practi- tioners may consider supporting the WAM capacity of armed groups. DDR practition- ers should exercise extreme caution when supporting armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity. While transitional WAM may help to build trust with national and international stake- holders and address some of the immediate risks with regard to the proliferation of weapons, ammunition and explosives, building the WAM capacity of armed groups carries certain risks, and may inadvertently reinforce the fighting capacity of armed groups, legitimize their status, and tarnish the UN\u2019s reputation, all of which could threaten wider DDR objectives. As a result, any decision to support armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity shall consider the following: \\n This approach must align with the broader DDR strategy agreed with and approved by national authorities as an integral part of a peace process or an alter- native conflict resolution strategy. \\n This approach must be in line with the overall UN mission mandate and objec- tives of the UN mission (if a UN mission has been established). \\n Engagement with armed groups shall follow UN policy on this matter, i.e. UN mission policy, including SOPs on engagement with armed groups where they have been adopted, the UN\u2019s Aide Memoire on Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes (see Annex B) and the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy. \\n This approach shall be informed by risk analysis and be accompanied by risk mitigation measures.If all of the above conditions are fulfilled, DDR support to WAM capacity-building for armed groups may include storing ammunition stockpiles away from inhabited areas and in line with the IATG, destroying hazardous ammunition and explosives as identified by armed groups, and providing basic stockpile management advice, support and solutions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":774, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups are about to return as part of DDR programmes.While transitional WAM should always aim to remove or facilitate the legal regis- tration of all weapons in circulation, the reality of weapons culture and the desire for self-protection and\/or empowerment should be recognized, with transitional WAM options and objectives identified accordingly.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management nn former combatant and\/or person formerly associated armed group return part ddr programmes.while transitional wam always aim remove facilitate legal regis tration weapon circulation reality weapon culture desire selfprotection and\/or empowerment recognized transitional wam option objective identified accordingly ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When part of a DDR process, transitional WAM should be considered when there is a need to respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. For example, transitional WAM may be appropriate when: \\n Armed groups refuse to disarm as the pre-conditions for a DDR programme are not in place. \\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups return to their communities with weapons, ammunition and\/or explosives, perhaps be- cause of ongoing insecurity or because weapons possession is a cultural practice or tied to notions of power and masculinity. \\n Weapons and ammunition are circulating in communities and pose a security threat, especially where: \\n\\n Civilians, including in certain contexts children, are at-risk of recruitment by armed groups; \\n\\n Civilians, including women, girls, men and boys, are at risk of serious interna- tional crimes, including conflict-related sexual violence. \\n\\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups are about to return as part of DDR programmes.While transitional WAM should always aim to remove or facilitate the legal regis- tration of all weapons in circulation, the reality of weapons culture and the desire for self-protection and\/or empowerment should be recognized, with transitional WAM options and objectives identified accordingly. A generic typology of DDR-related tran- sitional WAM measures is found in Table 1. When reference is made to the collec- tion, registration, storage, transportation and\/or disposal, including the destruction, of weapons, ammunition and explosives during transitional WAM, the core guidelines outlined in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament apply.In addition to the generic measures outlined above, in some instances DDR practi- tioners may consider supporting the WAM capacity of armed groups. DDR practition- ers should exercise extreme caution when supporting armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity. While transitional WAM may help to build trust with national and international stake- holders and address some of the immediate risks with regard to the proliferation of weapons, ammunition and explosives, building the WAM capacity of armed groups carries certain risks, and may inadvertently reinforce the fighting capacity of armed groups, legitimize their status, and tarnish the UN\u2019s reputation, all of which could threaten wider DDR objectives. As a result, any decision to support armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity shall consider the following: \\n This approach must align with the broader DDR strategy agreed with and approved by national authorities as an integral part of a peace process or an alter- native conflict resolution strategy. \\n This approach must be in line with the overall UN mission mandate and objec- tives of the UN mission (if a UN mission has been established). \\n Engagement with armed groups shall follow UN policy on this matter, i.e. UN mission policy, including SOPs on engagement with armed groups where they have been adopted, the UN\u2019s Aide Memoire on Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes (see Annex B) and the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy. \\n This approach shall be informed by risk analysis and be accompanied by risk mitigation measures.If all of the above conditions are fulfilled, DDR support to WAM capacity-building for armed groups may include storing ammunition stockpiles away from inhabited areas and in line with the IATG, destroying hazardous ammunition and explosives as identified by armed groups, and providing basic stockpile management advice, support and solutions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":774, "Sentence":"A generic typology of DDR-related tran- sitional WAM measures is found in Table 1.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management generic typology ddrrelated tran sitional wam measure found table 1 ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When part of a DDR process, transitional WAM should be considered when there is a need to respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. For example, transitional WAM may be appropriate when: \\n Armed groups refuse to disarm as the pre-conditions for a DDR programme are not in place. \\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups return to their communities with weapons, ammunition and\/or explosives, perhaps be- cause of ongoing insecurity or because weapons possession is a cultural practice or tied to notions of power and masculinity. \\n Weapons and ammunition are circulating in communities and pose a security threat, especially where: \\n\\n Civilians, including in certain contexts children, are at-risk of recruitment by armed groups; \\n\\n Civilians, including women, girls, men and boys, are at risk of serious interna- tional crimes, including conflict-related sexual violence. \\n\\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups are about to return as part of DDR programmes.While transitional WAM should always aim to remove or facilitate the legal regis- tration of all weapons in circulation, the reality of weapons culture and the desire for self-protection and\/or empowerment should be recognized, with transitional WAM options and objectives identified accordingly. A generic typology of DDR-related tran- sitional WAM measures is found in Table 1. When reference is made to the collec- tion, registration, storage, transportation and\/or disposal, including the destruction, of weapons, ammunition and explosives during transitional WAM, the core guidelines outlined in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament apply.In addition to the generic measures outlined above, in some instances DDR practi- tioners may consider supporting the WAM capacity of armed groups. DDR practition- ers should exercise extreme caution when supporting armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity. While transitional WAM may help to build trust with national and international stake- holders and address some of the immediate risks with regard to the proliferation of weapons, ammunition and explosives, building the WAM capacity of armed groups carries certain risks, and may inadvertently reinforce the fighting capacity of armed groups, legitimize their status, and tarnish the UN\u2019s reputation, all of which could threaten wider DDR objectives. As a result, any decision to support armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity shall consider the following: \\n This approach must align with the broader DDR strategy agreed with and approved by national authorities as an integral part of a peace process or an alter- native conflict resolution strategy. \\n This approach must be in line with the overall UN mission mandate and objec- tives of the UN mission (if a UN mission has been established). \\n Engagement with armed groups shall follow UN policy on this matter, i.e. UN mission policy, including SOPs on engagement with armed groups where they have been adopted, the UN\u2019s Aide Memoire on Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes (see Annex B) and the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy. \\n This approach shall be informed by risk analysis and be accompanied by risk mitigation measures.If all of the above conditions are fulfilled, DDR support to WAM capacity-building for armed groups may include storing ammunition stockpiles away from inhabited areas and in line with the IATG, destroying hazardous ammunition and explosives as identified by armed groups, and providing basic stockpile management advice, support and solutions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":774, "Sentence":"When reference is made to the collec- tion, registration, storage, transportation and\/or disposal, including the destruction, of weapons, ammunition and explosives during transitional WAM, the core guidelines outlined in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament apply.In addition to the generic measures outlined above, in some instances DDR practi- tioners may consider supporting the WAM capacity of armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management reference made collec tion registration storage transportation and\/or disposal including destruction weapon ammunition explosive transitional wam core guideline outlined iddrs 4.10 disarmament apply.in addition generic measure outlined instance ddr practi tioners may consider supporting wam capacity armed group ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When part of a DDR process, transitional WAM should be considered when there is a need to respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. For example, transitional WAM may be appropriate when: \\n Armed groups refuse to disarm as the pre-conditions for a DDR programme are not in place. \\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups return to their communities with weapons, ammunition and\/or explosives, perhaps be- cause of ongoing insecurity or because weapons possession is a cultural practice or tied to notions of power and masculinity. \\n Weapons and ammunition are circulating in communities and pose a security threat, especially where: \\n\\n Civilians, including in certain contexts children, are at-risk of recruitment by armed groups; \\n\\n Civilians, including women, girls, men and boys, are at risk of serious interna- tional crimes, including conflict-related sexual violence. \\n\\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups are about to return as part of DDR programmes.While transitional WAM should always aim to remove or facilitate the legal regis- tration of all weapons in circulation, the reality of weapons culture and the desire for self-protection and\/or empowerment should be recognized, with transitional WAM options and objectives identified accordingly. A generic typology of DDR-related tran- sitional WAM measures is found in Table 1. When reference is made to the collec- tion, registration, storage, transportation and\/or disposal, including the destruction, of weapons, ammunition and explosives during transitional WAM, the core guidelines outlined in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament apply.In addition to the generic measures outlined above, in some instances DDR practi- tioners may consider supporting the WAM capacity of armed groups. DDR practition- ers should exercise extreme caution when supporting armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity. While transitional WAM may help to build trust with national and international stake- holders and address some of the immediate risks with regard to the proliferation of weapons, ammunition and explosives, building the WAM capacity of armed groups carries certain risks, and may inadvertently reinforce the fighting capacity of armed groups, legitimize their status, and tarnish the UN\u2019s reputation, all of which could threaten wider DDR objectives. As a result, any decision to support armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity shall consider the following: \\n This approach must align with the broader DDR strategy agreed with and approved by national authorities as an integral part of a peace process or an alter- native conflict resolution strategy. \\n This approach must be in line with the overall UN mission mandate and objec- tives of the UN mission (if a UN mission has been established). \\n Engagement with armed groups shall follow UN policy on this matter, i.e. UN mission policy, including SOPs on engagement with armed groups where they have been adopted, the UN\u2019s Aide Memoire on Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes (see Annex B) and the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy. \\n This approach shall be informed by risk analysis and be accompanied by risk mitigation measures.If all of the above conditions are fulfilled, DDR support to WAM capacity-building for armed groups may include storing ammunition stockpiles away from inhabited areas and in line with the IATG, destroying hazardous ammunition and explosives as identified by armed groups, and providing basic stockpile management advice, support and solutions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":774, "Sentence":"DDR practition- ers should exercise extreme caution when supporting armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management ddr practition er exercise extreme caution supporting armed group \u2019 wam capacity ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When part of a DDR process, transitional WAM should be considered when there is a need to respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. For example, transitional WAM may be appropriate when: \\n Armed groups refuse to disarm as the pre-conditions for a DDR programme are not in place. \\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups return to their communities with weapons, ammunition and\/or explosives, perhaps be- cause of ongoing insecurity or because weapons possession is a cultural practice or tied to notions of power and masculinity. \\n Weapons and ammunition are circulating in communities and pose a security threat, especially where: \\n\\n Civilians, including in certain contexts children, are at-risk of recruitment by armed groups; \\n\\n Civilians, including women, girls, men and boys, are at risk of serious interna- tional crimes, including conflict-related sexual violence. \\n\\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups are about to return as part of DDR programmes.While transitional WAM should always aim to remove or facilitate the legal regis- tration of all weapons in circulation, the reality of weapons culture and the desire for self-protection and\/or empowerment should be recognized, with transitional WAM options and objectives identified accordingly. A generic typology of DDR-related tran- sitional WAM measures is found in Table 1. When reference is made to the collec- tion, registration, storage, transportation and\/or disposal, including the destruction, of weapons, ammunition and explosives during transitional WAM, the core guidelines outlined in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament apply.In addition to the generic measures outlined above, in some instances DDR practi- tioners may consider supporting the WAM capacity of armed groups. DDR practition- ers should exercise extreme caution when supporting armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity. While transitional WAM may help to build trust with national and international stake- holders and address some of the immediate risks with regard to the proliferation of weapons, ammunition and explosives, building the WAM capacity of armed groups carries certain risks, and may inadvertently reinforce the fighting capacity of armed groups, legitimize their status, and tarnish the UN\u2019s reputation, all of which could threaten wider DDR objectives. As a result, any decision to support armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity shall consider the following: \\n This approach must align with the broader DDR strategy agreed with and approved by national authorities as an integral part of a peace process or an alter- native conflict resolution strategy. \\n This approach must be in line with the overall UN mission mandate and objec- tives of the UN mission (if a UN mission has been established). \\n Engagement with armed groups shall follow UN policy on this matter, i.e. UN mission policy, including SOPs on engagement with armed groups where they have been adopted, the UN\u2019s Aide Memoire on Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes (see Annex B) and the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy. \\n This approach shall be informed by risk analysis and be accompanied by risk mitigation measures.If all of the above conditions are fulfilled, DDR support to WAM capacity-building for armed groups may include storing ammunition stockpiles away from inhabited areas and in line with the IATG, destroying hazardous ammunition and explosives as identified by armed groups, and providing basic stockpile management advice, support and solutions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":774, "Sentence":"While transitional WAM may help to build trust with national and international stake- holders and address some of the immediate risks with regard to the proliferation of weapons, ammunition and explosives, building the WAM capacity of armed groups carries certain risks, and may inadvertently reinforce the fighting capacity of armed groups, legitimize their status, and tarnish the UN\u2019s reputation, all of which could threaten wider DDR objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management transitional wam may help build trust national international stake holder address immediate risk regard proliferation weapon ammunition explosive building wam capacity armed group carry certain risk may inadvertently reinforce fighting capacity armed group legitimize status tarnish un \u2019 reputation could threaten wider ddr objective ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When part of a DDR process, transitional WAM should be considered when there is a need to respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. For example, transitional WAM may be appropriate when: \\n Armed groups refuse to disarm as the pre-conditions for a DDR programme are not in place. \\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups return to their communities with weapons, ammunition and\/or explosives, perhaps be- cause of ongoing insecurity or because weapons possession is a cultural practice or tied to notions of power and masculinity. \\n Weapons and ammunition are circulating in communities and pose a security threat, especially where: \\n\\n Civilians, including in certain contexts children, are at-risk of recruitment by armed groups; \\n\\n Civilians, including women, girls, men and boys, are at risk of serious interna- tional crimes, including conflict-related sexual violence. \\n\\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups are about to return as part of DDR programmes.While transitional WAM should always aim to remove or facilitate the legal regis- tration of all weapons in circulation, the reality of weapons culture and the desire for self-protection and\/or empowerment should be recognized, with transitional WAM options and objectives identified accordingly. A generic typology of DDR-related tran- sitional WAM measures is found in Table 1. When reference is made to the collec- tion, registration, storage, transportation and\/or disposal, including the destruction, of weapons, ammunition and explosives during transitional WAM, the core guidelines outlined in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament apply.In addition to the generic measures outlined above, in some instances DDR practi- tioners may consider supporting the WAM capacity of armed groups. DDR practition- ers should exercise extreme caution when supporting armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity. While transitional WAM may help to build trust with national and international stake- holders and address some of the immediate risks with regard to the proliferation of weapons, ammunition and explosives, building the WAM capacity of armed groups carries certain risks, and may inadvertently reinforce the fighting capacity of armed groups, legitimize their status, and tarnish the UN\u2019s reputation, all of which could threaten wider DDR objectives. As a result, any decision to support armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity shall consider the following: \\n This approach must align with the broader DDR strategy agreed with and approved by national authorities as an integral part of a peace process or an alter- native conflict resolution strategy. \\n This approach must be in line with the overall UN mission mandate and objec- tives of the UN mission (if a UN mission has been established). \\n Engagement with armed groups shall follow UN policy on this matter, i.e. UN mission policy, including SOPs on engagement with armed groups where they have been adopted, the UN\u2019s Aide Memoire on Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes (see Annex B) and the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy. \\n This approach shall be informed by risk analysis and be accompanied by risk mitigation measures.If all of the above conditions are fulfilled, DDR support to WAM capacity-building for armed groups may include storing ammunition stockpiles away from inhabited areas and in line with the IATG, destroying hazardous ammunition and explosives as identified by armed groups, and providing basic stockpile management advice, support and solutions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":774, "Sentence":"As a result, any decision to support armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity shall consider the following: \\n This approach must align with the broader DDR strategy agreed with and approved by national authorities as an integral part of a peace process or an alter- native conflict resolution strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management result decision support armed group \u2019 wam capacity shall consider following n approach must align broader ddr strategy agreed approved national authority integral part peace process alter native conflict resolution strategy ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When part of a DDR process, transitional WAM should be considered when there is a need to respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. For example, transitional WAM may be appropriate when: \\n Armed groups refuse to disarm as the pre-conditions for a DDR programme are not in place. \\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups return to their communities with weapons, ammunition and\/or explosives, perhaps be- cause of ongoing insecurity or because weapons possession is a cultural practice or tied to notions of power and masculinity. \\n Weapons and ammunition are circulating in communities and pose a security threat, especially where: \\n\\n Civilians, including in certain contexts children, are at-risk of recruitment by armed groups; \\n\\n Civilians, including women, girls, men and boys, are at risk of serious interna- tional crimes, including conflict-related sexual violence. \\n\\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups are about to return as part of DDR programmes.While transitional WAM should always aim to remove or facilitate the legal regis- tration of all weapons in circulation, the reality of weapons culture and the desire for self-protection and\/or empowerment should be recognized, with transitional WAM options and objectives identified accordingly. A generic typology of DDR-related tran- sitional WAM measures is found in Table 1. When reference is made to the collec- tion, registration, storage, transportation and\/or disposal, including the destruction, of weapons, ammunition and explosives during transitional WAM, the core guidelines outlined in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament apply.In addition to the generic measures outlined above, in some instances DDR practi- tioners may consider supporting the WAM capacity of armed groups. DDR practition- ers should exercise extreme caution when supporting armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity. While transitional WAM may help to build trust with national and international stake- holders and address some of the immediate risks with regard to the proliferation of weapons, ammunition and explosives, building the WAM capacity of armed groups carries certain risks, and may inadvertently reinforce the fighting capacity of armed groups, legitimize their status, and tarnish the UN\u2019s reputation, all of which could threaten wider DDR objectives. As a result, any decision to support armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity shall consider the following: \\n This approach must align with the broader DDR strategy agreed with and approved by national authorities as an integral part of a peace process or an alter- native conflict resolution strategy. \\n This approach must be in line with the overall UN mission mandate and objec- tives of the UN mission (if a UN mission has been established). \\n Engagement with armed groups shall follow UN policy on this matter, i.e. UN mission policy, including SOPs on engagement with armed groups where they have been adopted, the UN\u2019s Aide Memoire on Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes (see Annex B) and the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy. \\n This approach shall be informed by risk analysis and be accompanied by risk mitigation measures.If all of the above conditions are fulfilled, DDR support to WAM capacity-building for armed groups may include storing ammunition stockpiles away from inhabited areas and in line with the IATG, destroying hazardous ammunition and explosives as identified by armed groups, and providing basic stockpile management advice, support and solutions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":774, "Sentence":"\\n This approach must be in line with the overall UN mission mandate and objec- tives of the UN mission (if a UN mission has been established).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n approach must line overall un mission mandate objec tives un mission un mission established ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When part of a DDR process, transitional WAM should be considered when there is a need to respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. For example, transitional WAM may be appropriate when: \\n Armed groups refuse to disarm as the pre-conditions for a DDR programme are not in place. \\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups return to their communities with weapons, ammunition and\/or explosives, perhaps be- cause of ongoing insecurity or because weapons possession is a cultural practice or tied to notions of power and masculinity. \\n Weapons and ammunition are circulating in communities and pose a security threat, especially where: \\n\\n Civilians, including in certain contexts children, are at-risk of recruitment by armed groups; \\n\\n Civilians, including women, girls, men and boys, are at risk of serious interna- tional crimes, including conflict-related sexual violence. \\n\\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups are about to return as part of DDR programmes.While transitional WAM should always aim to remove or facilitate the legal regis- tration of all weapons in circulation, the reality of weapons culture and the desire for self-protection and\/or empowerment should be recognized, with transitional WAM options and objectives identified accordingly. A generic typology of DDR-related tran- sitional WAM measures is found in Table 1. When reference is made to the collec- tion, registration, storage, transportation and\/or disposal, including the destruction, of weapons, ammunition and explosives during transitional WAM, the core guidelines outlined in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament apply.In addition to the generic measures outlined above, in some instances DDR practi- tioners may consider supporting the WAM capacity of armed groups. DDR practition- ers should exercise extreme caution when supporting armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity. While transitional WAM may help to build trust with national and international stake- holders and address some of the immediate risks with regard to the proliferation of weapons, ammunition and explosives, building the WAM capacity of armed groups carries certain risks, and may inadvertently reinforce the fighting capacity of armed groups, legitimize their status, and tarnish the UN\u2019s reputation, all of which could threaten wider DDR objectives. As a result, any decision to support armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity shall consider the following: \\n This approach must align with the broader DDR strategy agreed with and approved by national authorities as an integral part of a peace process or an alter- native conflict resolution strategy. \\n This approach must be in line with the overall UN mission mandate and objec- tives of the UN mission (if a UN mission has been established). \\n Engagement with armed groups shall follow UN policy on this matter, i.e. UN mission policy, including SOPs on engagement with armed groups where they have been adopted, the UN\u2019s Aide Memoire on Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes (see Annex B) and the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy. \\n This approach shall be informed by risk analysis and be accompanied by risk mitigation measures.If all of the above conditions are fulfilled, DDR support to WAM capacity-building for armed groups may include storing ammunition stockpiles away from inhabited areas and in line with the IATG, destroying hazardous ammunition and explosives as identified by armed groups, and providing basic stockpile management advice, support and solutions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":774, "Sentence":"\\n Engagement with armed groups shall follow UN policy on this matter, i.e.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n engagement armed group shall follow un policy matter i.e ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When part of a DDR process, transitional WAM should be considered when there is a need to respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. For example, transitional WAM may be appropriate when: \\n Armed groups refuse to disarm as the pre-conditions for a DDR programme are not in place. \\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups return to their communities with weapons, ammunition and\/or explosives, perhaps be- cause of ongoing insecurity or because weapons possession is a cultural practice or tied to notions of power and masculinity. \\n Weapons and ammunition are circulating in communities and pose a security threat, especially where: \\n\\n Civilians, including in certain contexts children, are at-risk of recruitment by armed groups; \\n\\n Civilians, including women, girls, men and boys, are at risk of serious interna- tional crimes, including conflict-related sexual violence. \\n\\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups are about to return as part of DDR programmes.While transitional WAM should always aim to remove or facilitate the legal regis- tration of all weapons in circulation, the reality of weapons culture and the desire for self-protection and\/or empowerment should be recognized, with transitional WAM options and objectives identified accordingly. A generic typology of DDR-related tran- sitional WAM measures is found in Table 1. When reference is made to the collec- tion, registration, storage, transportation and\/or disposal, including the destruction, of weapons, ammunition and explosives during transitional WAM, the core guidelines outlined in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament apply.In addition to the generic measures outlined above, in some instances DDR practi- tioners may consider supporting the WAM capacity of armed groups. DDR practition- ers should exercise extreme caution when supporting armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity. While transitional WAM may help to build trust with national and international stake- holders and address some of the immediate risks with regard to the proliferation of weapons, ammunition and explosives, building the WAM capacity of armed groups carries certain risks, and may inadvertently reinforce the fighting capacity of armed groups, legitimize their status, and tarnish the UN\u2019s reputation, all of which could threaten wider DDR objectives. As a result, any decision to support armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity shall consider the following: \\n This approach must align with the broader DDR strategy agreed with and approved by national authorities as an integral part of a peace process or an alter- native conflict resolution strategy. \\n This approach must be in line with the overall UN mission mandate and objec- tives of the UN mission (if a UN mission has been established). \\n Engagement with armed groups shall follow UN policy on this matter, i.e. UN mission policy, including SOPs on engagement with armed groups where they have been adopted, the UN\u2019s Aide Memoire on Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes (see Annex B) and the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy. \\n This approach shall be informed by risk analysis and be accompanied by risk mitigation measures.If all of the above conditions are fulfilled, DDR support to WAM capacity-building for armed groups may include storing ammunition stockpiles away from inhabited areas and in line with the IATG, destroying hazardous ammunition and explosives as identified by armed groups, and providing basic stockpile management advice, support and solutions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":774, "Sentence":"UN mission policy, including SOPs on engagement with armed groups where they have been adopted, the UN\u2019s Aide Memoire on Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes (see Annex B) and the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management un mission policy including sop engagement armed group adopted un \u2019 aide memoire engaging nonstate armed group nsags political purpose see annex b un human right due diligence policy ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When part of a DDR process, transitional WAM should be considered when there is a need to respond to the presence of active and\/or former members of armed groups. For example, transitional WAM may be appropriate when: \\n Armed groups refuse to disarm as the pre-conditions for a DDR programme are not in place. \\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups return to their communities with weapons, ammunition and\/or explosives, perhaps be- cause of ongoing insecurity or because weapons possession is a cultural practice or tied to notions of power and masculinity. \\n Weapons and ammunition are circulating in communities and pose a security threat, especially where: \\n\\n Civilians, including in certain contexts children, are at-risk of recruitment by armed groups; \\n\\n Civilians, including women, girls, men and boys, are at risk of serious interna- tional crimes, including conflict-related sexual violence. \\n\\n Former combatants and\/or persons formerly associated with armed groups are about to return as part of DDR programmes.While transitional WAM should always aim to remove or facilitate the legal regis- tration of all weapons in circulation, the reality of weapons culture and the desire for self-protection and\/or empowerment should be recognized, with transitional WAM options and objectives identified accordingly. A generic typology of DDR-related tran- sitional WAM measures is found in Table 1. When reference is made to the collec- tion, registration, storage, transportation and\/or disposal, including the destruction, of weapons, ammunition and explosives during transitional WAM, the core guidelines outlined in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament apply.In addition to the generic measures outlined above, in some instances DDR practi- tioners may consider supporting the WAM capacity of armed groups. DDR practition- ers should exercise extreme caution when supporting armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity. While transitional WAM may help to build trust with national and international stake- holders and address some of the immediate risks with regard to the proliferation of weapons, ammunition and explosives, building the WAM capacity of armed groups carries certain risks, and may inadvertently reinforce the fighting capacity of armed groups, legitimize their status, and tarnish the UN\u2019s reputation, all of which could threaten wider DDR objectives. As a result, any decision to support armed groups\u2019 WAM capacity shall consider the following: \\n This approach must align with the broader DDR strategy agreed with and approved by national authorities as an integral part of a peace process or an alter- native conflict resolution strategy. \\n This approach must be in line with the overall UN mission mandate and objec- tives of the UN mission (if a UN mission has been established). \\n Engagement with armed groups shall follow UN policy on this matter, i.e. UN mission policy, including SOPs on engagement with armed groups where they have been adopted, the UN\u2019s Aide Memoire on Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes (see Annex B) and the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy. \\n This approach shall be informed by risk analysis and be accompanied by risk mitigation measures.If all of the above conditions are fulfilled, DDR support to WAM capacity-building for armed groups may include storing ammunition stockpiles away from inhabited areas and in line with the IATG, destroying hazardous ammunition and explosives as identified by armed groups, and providing basic stockpile management advice, support and solutions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":774, "Sentence":"\\n This approach shall be informed by risk analysis and be accompanied by risk mitigation measures.If all of the above conditions are fulfilled, DDR support to WAM capacity-building for armed groups may include storing ammunition stockpiles away from inhabited areas and in line with the IATG, destroying hazardous ammunition and explosives as identified by armed groups, and providing basic stockpile management advice, support and solutions.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n approach shall informed risk analysis accompanied risk mitigation measures.if condition fulfilled ddr support wam capacitybuilding armed group may include storing ammunition stockpile away inhabited area line iatg destroying hazardous ammunition explosive identified armed group providing basic stockpile management advice support solution ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Pre-DDR and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Pre-DDR is an interim, time-limited stabilization mechanism aimed at creating the necessary political and security conditions to facilitate the negotiation and\/or imple- mentation of peace agreements and pave the way towards a full DDR programme (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).Pre-DDR is designed for those who are eligible for a national DDR programme. The eligibility criteria for both will therefore be the same and could require individu- als, among other things, to prove that they have combatant status and are in possession of a serviceable manufactured weapon or a certain quantity of ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). The eligibility criteria shall be gender-responsive and not dis- criminate against women. Depending on the specific circumstances, individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria could be enrolled in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).While most materiel should be handed in during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme, pre-DDR offers DDR practitioners the opportunity to better understand the quantity and types of materiel that armed groups possess and to collect, register and manage such materiel.Depending on the context, pre-DDR can include the handing over of weapons and ammunition by members of armed groups and armed forces. In order to avoid confu- sion, this phase could be named \u2018Pre-disarmament\u2019 rather than \u2018Disarmament\u2019, which will take place at a point in the future.Pre-disarmament involves collecting, registering and storing materiel in a safe loca- tion. Depending on the context and agreements in place with armed forces and groups, pre-disarmament could focus on certain types of materiel, including larger crew- operated systems in contexts where warring parties are very well equipped. Hand- overs can be: \\n Temporary: Materiel is registered and stored properly but remains under the joint control of armed forces, armed groups and the United Nations through a dual-key system with well established roles and procedures; \\n Permanent: Materiel is handed over, registered and ultimately disposed of (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n\\n In both cases, unsafe ammunition shall be destroyed, and all activities must be carried out in full transparency and with respect of safety and security procedures during the destruction process.Pre-disarmament should: \\n Build and strengthen the confidence of armed forces, armed groups and the civilian population in any future disarmament process and the wider DDR programme; \\n Reduce the circulation and visibility of weapons and ammunition; \\n Contribute to improved perceptions of peace and security; \\n Raise awareness about the dangers of illicit weapons and ammunition; \\n Build knowledge of armed groups\u2019 arsenals; \\n Allow DDR practitioners to identify and mitigate risks that may arise during the disarmament component of the future DDR programme, including through the planning and conduct of operational tests (see section 5.3 in IDDRS 4.10 on Disar- mament); \\n Encourage members of armed groups to voluntarily disarm and engage in a full DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":775, "Sentence":"Pre-DDR is an interim, time-limited stabilization mechanism aimed at creating the necessary political and security conditions to facilitate the negotiation and\/or imple- mentation of peace agreements and pave the way towards a full DDR programme (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).Pre-DDR is designed for those who are eligible for a national DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management preddr interim timelimited stabilization mechanism aimed creating necessary political security condition facilitate negotiation and\/or imple mentation peace agreement pave way towards full ddr programme see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr iddrs 2.20 politics ddr.preddr designed eligible national ddr programme ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Pre-DDR and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Pre-DDR is an interim, time-limited stabilization mechanism aimed at creating the necessary political and security conditions to facilitate the negotiation and\/or imple- mentation of peace agreements and pave the way towards a full DDR programme (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).Pre-DDR is designed for those who are eligible for a national DDR programme. The eligibility criteria for both will therefore be the same and could require individu- als, among other things, to prove that they have combatant status and are in possession of a serviceable manufactured weapon or a certain quantity of ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). The eligibility criteria shall be gender-responsive and not dis- criminate against women. Depending on the specific circumstances, individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria could be enrolled in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).While most materiel should be handed in during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme, pre-DDR offers DDR practitioners the opportunity to better understand the quantity and types of materiel that armed groups possess and to collect, register and manage such materiel.Depending on the context, pre-DDR can include the handing over of weapons and ammunition by members of armed groups and armed forces. In order to avoid confu- sion, this phase could be named \u2018Pre-disarmament\u2019 rather than \u2018Disarmament\u2019, which will take place at a point in the future.Pre-disarmament involves collecting, registering and storing materiel in a safe loca- tion. Depending on the context and agreements in place with armed forces and groups, pre-disarmament could focus on certain types of materiel, including larger crew- operated systems in contexts where warring parties are very well equipped. Hand- overs can be: \\n Temporary: Materiel is registered and stored properly but remains under the joint control of armed forces, armed groups and the United Nations through a dual-key system with well established roles and procedures; \\n Permanent: Materiel is handed over, registered and ultimately disposed of (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n\\n In both cases, unsafe ammunition shall be destroyed, and all activities must be carried out in full transparency and with respect of safety and security procedures during the destruction process.Pre-disarmament should: \\n Build and strengthen the confidence of armed forces, armed groups and the civilian population in any future disarmament process and the wider DDR programme; \\n Reduce the circulation and visibility of weapons and ammunition; \\n Contribute to improved perceptions of peace and security; \\n Raise awareness about the dangers of illicit weapons and ammunition; \\n Build knowledge of armed groups\u2019 arsenals; \\n Allow DDR practitioners to identify and mitigate risks that may arise during the disarmament component of the future DDR programme, including through the planning and conduct of operational tests (see section 5.3 in IDDRS 4.10 on Disar- mament); \\n Encourage members of armed groups to voluntarily disarm and engage in a full DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":775, "Sentence":"The eligibility criteria for both will therefore be the same and could require individu- als, among other things, to prove that they have combatant status and are in possession of a serviceable manufactured weapon or a certain quantity of ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management eligibility criterion therefore could require individu al among thing prove combatant status possession serviceable manufactured weapon certain quantity ammunition see iddrs 4.10 disarmament ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Pre-DDR and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Pre-DDR is an interim, time-limited stabilization mechanism aimed at creating the necessary political and security conditions to facilitate the negotiation and\/or imple- mentation of peace agreements and pave the way towards a full DDR programme (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).Pre-DDR is designed for those who are eligible for a national DDR programme. The eligibility criteria for both will therefore be the same and could require individu- als, among other things, to prove that they have combatant status and are in possession of a serviceable manufactured weapon or a certain quantity of ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). The eligibility criteria shall be gender-responsive and not dis- criminate against women. Depending on the specific circumstances, individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria could be enrolled in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).While most materiel should be handed in during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme, pre-DDR offers DDR practitioners the opportunity to better understand the quantity and types of materiel that armed groups possess and to collect, register and manage such materiel.Depending on the context, pre-DDR can include the handing over of weapons and ammunition by members of armed groups and armed forces. In order to avoid confu- sion, this phase could be named \u2018Pre-disarmament\u2019 rather than \u2018Disarmament\u2019, which will take place at a point in the future.Pre-disarmament involves collecting, registering and storing materiel in a safe loca- tion. Depending on the context and agreements in place with armed forces and groups, pre-disarmament could focus on certain types of materiel, including larger crew- operated systems in contexts where warring parties are very well equipped. Hand- overs can be: \\n Temporary: Materiel is registered and stored properly but remains under the joint control of armed forces, armed groups and the United Nations through a dual-key system with well established roles and procedures; \\n Permanent: Materiel is handed over, registered and ultimately disposed of (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n\\n In both cases, unsafe ammunition shall be destroyed, and all activities must be carried out in full transparency and with respect of safety and security procedures during the destruction process.Pre-disarmament should: \\n Build and strengthen the confidence of armed forces, armed groups and the civilian population in any future disarmament process and the wider DDR programme; \\n Reduce the circulation and visibility of weapons and ammunition; \\n Contribute to improved perceptions of peace and security; \\n Raise awareness about the dangers of illicit weapons and ammunition; \\n Build knowledge of armed groups\u2019 arsenals; \\n Allow DDR practitioners to identify and mitigate risks that may arise during the disarmament component of the future DDR programme, including through the planning and conduct of operational tests (see section 5.3 in IDDRS 4.10 on Disar- mament); \\n Encourage members of armed groups to voluntarily disarm and engage in a full DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":775, "Sentence":"The eligibility criteria shall be gender-responsive and not dis- criminate against women.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management eligibility criterion shall genderresponsive dis criminate woman ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Pre-DDR and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Pre-DDR is an interim, time-limited stabilization mechanism aimed at creating the necessary political and security conditions to facilitate the negotiation and\/or imple- mentation of peace agreements and pave the way towards a full DDR programme (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).Pre-DDR is designed for those who are eligible for a national DDR programme. The eligibility criteria for both will therefore be the same and could require individu- als, among other things, to prove that they have combatant status and are in possession of a serviceable manufactured weapon or a certain quantity of ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). The eligibility criteria shall be gender-responsive and not dis- criminate against women. Depending on the specific circumstances, individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria could be enrolled in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).While most materiel should be handed in during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme, pre-DDR offers DDR practitioners the opportunity to better understand the quantity and types of materiel that armed groups possess and to collect, register and manage such materiel.Depending on the context, pre-DDR can include the handing over of weapons and ammunition by members of armed groups and armed forces. In order to avoid confu- sion, this phase could be named \u2018Pre-disarmament\u2019 rather than \u2018Disarmament\u2019, which will take place at a point in the future.Pre-disarmament involves collecting, registering and storing materiel in a safe loca- tion. Depending on the context and agreements in place with armed forces and groups, pre-disarmament could focus on certain types of materiel, including larger crew- operated systems in contexts where warring parties are very well equipped. Hand- overs can be: \\n Temporary: Materiel is registered and stored properly but remains under the joint control of armed forces, armed groups and the United Nations through a dual-key system with well established roles and procedures; \\n Permanent: Materiel is handed over, registered and ultimately disposed of (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n\\n In both cases, unsafe ammunition shall be destroyed, and all activities must be carried out in full transparency and with respect of safety and security procedures during the destruction process.Pre-disarmament should: \\n Build and strengthen the confidence of armed forces, armed groups and the civilian population in any future disarmament process and the wider DDR programme; \\n Reduce the circulation and visibility of weapons and ammunition; \\n Contribute to improved perceptions of peace and security; \\n Raise awareness about the dangers of illicit weapons and ammunition; \\n Build knowledge of armed groups\u2019 arsenals; \\n Allow DDR practitioners to identify and mitigate risks that may arise during the disarmament component of the future DDR programme, including through the planning and conduct of operational tests (see section 5.3 in IDDRS 4.10 on Disar- mament); \\n Encourage members of armed groups to voluntarily disarm and engage in a full DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":775, "Sentence":"Depending on the specific circumstances, individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria could be enrolled in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).While most materiel should be handed in during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme, pre-DDR offers DDR practitioners the opportunity to better understand the quantity and types of materiel that armed groups possess and to collect, register and manage such materiel.Depending on the context, pre-DDR can include the handing over of weapons and ammunition by members of armed groups and armed forces.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management depending specific circumstance individual meet eligibility criterion could enrolled cvr programme see iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction.while materiel handed disarmament phase ddr programme preddr offer ddr practitioner opportunity better understand quantity type materiel armed group posse collect register manage materiel.depending context preddr include handing weapon ammunition member armed group armed force ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Pre-DDR and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Pre-DDR is an interim, time-limited stabilization mechanism aimed at creating the necessary political and security conditions to facilitate the negotiation and\/or imple- mentation of peace agreements and pave the way towards a full DDR programme (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).Pre-DDR is designed for those who are eligible for a national DDR programme. The eligibility criteria for both will therefore be the same and could require individu- als, among other things, to prove that they have combatant status and are in possession of a serviceable manufactured weapon or a certain quantity of ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). The eligibility criteria shall be gender-responsive and not dis- criminate against women. Depending on the specific circumstances, individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria could be enrolled in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).While most materiel should be handed in during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme, pre-DDR offers DDR practitioners the opportunity to better understand the quantity and types of materiel that armed groups possess and to collect, register and manage such materiel.Depending on the context, pre-DDR can include the handing over of weapons and ammunition by members of armed groups and armed forces. In order to avoid confu- sion, this phase could be named \u2018Pre-disarmament\u2019 rather than \u2018Disarmament\u2019, which will take place at a point in the future.Pre-disarmament involves collecting, registering and storing materiel in a safe loca- tion. Depending on the context and agreements in place with armed forces and groups, pre-disarmament could focus on certain types of materiel, including larger crew- operated systems in contexts where warring parties are very well equipped. Hand- overs can be: \\n Temporary: Materiel is registered and stored properly but remains under the joint control of armed forces, armed groups and the United Nations through a dual-key system with well established roles and procedures; \\n Permanent: Materiel is handed over, registered and ultimately disposed of (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n\\n In both cases, unsafe ammunition shall be destroyed, and all activities must be carried out in full transparency and with respect of safety and security procedures during the destruction process.Pre-disarmament should: \\n Build and strengthen the confidence of armed forces, armed groups and the civilian population in any future disarmament process and the wider DDR programme; \\n Reduce the circulation and visibility of weapons and ammunition; \\n Contribute to improved perceptions of peace and security; \\n Raise awareness about the dangers of illicit weapons and ammunition; \\n Build knowledge of armed groups\u2019 arsenals; \\n Allow DDR practitioners to identify and mitigate risks that may arise during the disarmament component of the future DDR programme, including through the planning and conduct of operational tests (see section 5.3 in IDDRS 4.10 on Disar- mament); \\n Encourage members of armed groups to voluntarily disarm and engage in a full DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":775, "Sentence":"In order to avoid confu- sion, this phase could be named \u2018Pre-disarmament\u2019 rather than \u2018Disarmament\u2019, which will take place at a point in the future.Pre-disarmament involves collecting, registering and storing materiel in a safe loca- tion.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management order avoid confu sion phase could named \u2018 predisarmament \u2019 rather \u2018 disarmament \u2019 take place point future.predisarmament involves collecting registering storing materiel safe loca tion ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Pre-DDR and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Pre-DDR is an interim, time-limited stabilization mechanism aimed at creating the necessary political and security conditions to facilitate the negotiation and\/or imple- mentation of peace agreements and pave the way towards a full DDR programme (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).Pre-DDR is designed for those who are eligible for a national DDR programme. The eligibility criteria for both will therefore be the same and could require individu- als, among other things, to prove that they have combatant status and are in possession of a serviceable manufactured weapon or a certain quantity of ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). The eligibility criteria shall be gender-responsive and not dis- criminate against women. Depending on the specific circumstances, individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria could be enrolled in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).While most materiel should be handed in during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme, pre-DDR offers DDR practitioners the opportunity to better understand the quantity and types of materiel that armed groups possess and to collect, register and manage such materiel.Depending on the context, pre-DDR can include the handing over of weapons and ammunition by members of armed groups and armed forces. In order to avoid confu- sion, this phase could be named \u2018Pre-disarmament\u2019 rather than \u2018Disarmament\u2019, which will take place at a point in the future.Pre-disarmament involves collecting, registering and storing materiel in a safe loca- tion. Depending on the context and agreements in place with armed forces and groups, pre-disarmament could focus on certain types of materiel, including larger crew- operated systems in contexts where warring parties are very well equipped. Hand- overs can be: \\n Temporary: Materiel is registered and stored properly but remains under the joint control of armed forces, armed groups and the United Nations through a dual-key system with well established roles and procedures; \\n Permanent: Materiel is handed over, registered and ultimately disposed of (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n\\n In both cases, unsafe ammunition shall be destroyed, and all activities must be carried out in full transparency and with respect of safety and security procedures during the destruction process.Pre-disarmament should: \\n Build and strengthen the confidence of armed forces, armed groups and the civilian population in any future disarmament process and the wider DDR programme; \\n Reduce the circulation and visibility of weapons and ammunition; \\n Contribute to improved perceptions of peace and security; \\n Raise awareness about the dangers of illicit weapons and ammunition; \\n Build knowledge of armed groups\u2019 arsenals; \\n Allow DDR practitioners to identify and mitigate risks that may arise during the disarmament component of the future DDR programme, including through the planning and conduct of operational tests (see section 5.3 in IDDRS 4.10 on Disar- mament); \\n Encourage members of armed groups to voluntarily disarm and engage in a full DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":775, "Sentence":"Depending on the context and agreements in place with armed forces and groups, pre-disarmament could focus on certain types of materiel, including larger crew- operated systems in contexts where warring parties are very well equipped.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management depending context agreement place armed force group predisarmament could focus certain type materiel including larger crew operated system context warring party well equipped ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Pre-DDR and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Pre-DDR is an interim, time-limited stabilization mechanism aimed at creating the necessary political and security conditions to facilitate the negotiation and\/or imple- mentation of peace agreements and pave the way towards a full DDR programme (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).Pre-DDR is designed for those who are eligible for a national DDR programme. The eligibility criteria for both will therefore be the same and could require individu- als, among other things, to prove that they have combatant status and are in possession of a serviceable manufactured weapon or a certain quantity of ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). The eligibility criteria shall be gender-responsive and not dis- criminate against women. Depending on the specific circumstances, individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria could be enrolled in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).While most materiel should be handed in during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme, pre-DDR offers DDR practitioners the opportunity to better understand the quantity and types of materiel that armed groups possess and to collect, register and manage such materiel.Depending on the context, pre-DDR can include the handing over of weapons and ammunition by members of armed groups and armed forces. In order to avoid confu- sion, this phase could be named \u2018Pre-disarmament\u2019 rather than \u2018Disarmament\u2019, which will take place at a point in the future.Pre-disarmament involves collecting, registering and storing materiel in a safe loca- tion. Depending on the context and agreements in place with armed forces and groups, pre-disarmament could focus on certain types of materiel, including larger crew- operated systems in contexts where warring parties are very well equipped. Hand- overs can be: \\n Temporary: Materiel is registered and stored properly but remains under the joint control of armed forces, armed groups and the United Nations through a dual-key system with well established roles and procedures; \\n Permanent: Materiel is handed over, registered and ultimately disposed of (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n\\n In both cases, unsafe ammunition shall be destroyed, and all activities must be carried out in full transparency and with respect of safety and security procedures during the destruction process.Pre-disarmament should: \\n Build and strengthen the confidence of armed forces, armed groups and the civilian population in any future disarmament process and the wider DDR programme; \\n Reduce the circulation and visibility of weapons and ammunition; \\n Contribute to improved perceptions of peace and security; \\n Raise awareness about the dangers of illicit weapons and ammunition; \\n Build knowledge of armed groups\u2019 arsenals; \\n Allow DDR practitioners to identify and mitigate risks that may arise during the disarmament component of the future DDR programme, including through the planning and conduct of operational tests (see section 5.3 in IDDRS 4.10 on Disar- mament); \\n Encourage members of armed groups to voluntarily disarm and engage in a full DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":775, "Sentence":"Hand- overs can be: \\n Temporary: Materiel is registered and stored properly but remains under the joint control of armed forces, armed groups and the United Nations through a dual-key system with well established roles and procedures; \\n Permanent: Materiel is handed over, registered and ultimately disposed of (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management hand over n temporary materiel registered stored properly remains joint control armed force armed group united nation dualkey system well established role procedure n permanent materiel handed registered ultimately disposed see iddrs 4.10 disarmament ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Pre-DDR and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Pre-DDR is an interim, time-limited stabilization mechanism aimed at creating the necessary political and security conditions to facilitate the negotiation and\/or imple- mentation of peace agreements and pave the way towards a full DDR programme (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).Pre-DDR is designed for those who are eligible for a national DDR programme. The eligibility criteria for both will therefore be the same and could require individu- als, among other things, to prove that they have combatant status and are in possession of a serviceable manufactured weapon or a certain quantity of ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). The eligibility criteria shall be gender-responsive and not dis- criminate against women. Depending on the specific circumstances, individuals who do not meet the eligibility criteria could be enrolled in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).While most materiel should be handed in during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme, pre-DDR offers DDR practitioners the opportunity to better understand the quantity and types of materiel that armed groups possess and to collect, register and manage such materiel.Depending on the context, pre-DDR can include the handing over of weapons and ammunition by members of armed groups and armed forces. In order to avoid confu- sion, this phase could be named \u2018Pre-disarmament\u2019 rather than \u2018Disarmament\u2019, which will take place at a point in the future.Pre-disarmament involves collecting, registering and storing materiel in a safe loca- tion. Depending on the context and agreements in place with armed forces and groups, pre-disarmament could focus on certain types of materiel, including larger crew- operated systems in contexts where warring parties are very well equipped. Hand- overs can be: \\n Temporary: Materiel is registered and stored properly but remains under the joint control of armed forces, armed groups and the United Nations through a dual-key system with well established roles and procedures; \\n Permanent: Materiel is handed over, registered and ultimately disposed of (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n\\n In both cases, unsafe ammunition shall be destroyed, and all activities must be carried out in full transparency and with respect of safety and security procedures during the destruction process.Pre-disarmament should: \\n Build and strengthen the confidence of armed forces, armed groups and the civilian population in any future disarmament process and the wider DDR programme; \\n Reduce the circulation and visibility of weapons and ammunition; \\n Contribute to improved perceptions of peace and security; \\n Raise awareness about the dangers of illicit weapons and ammunition; \\n Build knowledge of armed groups\u2019 arsenals; \\n Allow DDR practitioners to identify and mitigate risks that may arise during the disarmament component of the future DDR programme, including through the planning and conduct of operational tests (see section 5.3 in IDDRS 4.10 on Disar- mament); \\n Encourage members of armed groups to voluntarily disarm and engage in a full DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":775, "Sentence":"\\n\\n In both cases, unsafe ammunition shall be destroyed, and all activities must be carried out in full transparency and with respect of safety and security procedures during the destruction process.Pre-disarmament should: \\n Build and strengthen the confidence of armed forces, armed groups and the civilian population in any future disarmament process and the wider DDR programme; \\n Reduce the circulation and visibility of weapons and ammunition; \\n Contribute to improved perceptions of peace and security; \\n Raise awareness about the dangers of illicit weapons and ammunition; \\n Build knowledge of armed groups\u2019 arsenals; \\n Allow DDR practitioners to identify and mitigate risks that may arise during the disarmament component of the future DDR programme, including through the planning and conduct of operational tests (see section 5.3 in IDDRS 4.10 on Disar- mament); \\n Encourage members of armed groups to voluntarily disarm and engage in a full DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management nn case unsafe ammunition shall destroyed activity must carried full transparency respect safety security procedure destruction process.predisarmament n build strengthen confidence armed force armed group civilian population future disarmament process wider ddr programme n reduce circulation visibility weapon ammunition n contribute improved perception peace security n raise awareness danger illicit weapon ammunition n build knowledge armed group \u2019 arsenal n allow ddr practitioner identify mitigate risk may arise disarmament component future ddr programme including planning conduct operational test see section 5.3 iddrs 4.10 disar mament n encourage member armed group voluntarily disarm engage full ddr programme ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.3 DDR support to transitional security arrangements and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"During a period of political transition, warring parties may be required to act as security providers. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend themselves.Transitional security arrangements may include joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The management of the weapons and ammunition used during these types of transitional security arrangements shall be governed by a clear legal framework and will require a robust plan agreed to by all actors. This plan shall also be underpinned by detailed SOPs for conducting activities and identifying precise responsibilities, by which all shall abide (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). These SOPs should include guidance on how to handle arms and ammunition captured, collected or found by the joint units.4 Depending on the context and the positions of stakeholders, members of armed forces and groups would be demobilized and disarmed, or would retain use of their own small arms and ammunition, which would be registered and stored when not in use.5 In some cases, such measures could facilitate the large-scale integration of ex-combatants into the security sector as part of a peace agreement (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":776, "Sentence":"During a period of political transition, warring parties may be required to act as security providers.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management period political transition warring party may required act security provider ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.3 DDR support to transitional security arrangements and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"During a period of political transition, warring parties may be required to act as security providers. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend themselves.Transitional security arrangements may include joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The management of the weapons and ammunition used during these types of transitional security arrangements shall be governed by a clear legal framework and will require a robust plan agreed to by all actors. This plan shall also be underpinned by detailed SOPs for conducting activities and identifying precise responsibilities, by which all shall abide (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). These SOPs should include guidance on how to handle arms and ammunition captured, collected or found by the joint units.4 Depending on the context and the positions of stakeholders, members of armed forces and groups would be demobilized and disarmed, or would retain use of their own small arms and ammunition, which would be registered and stored when not in use.5 In some cases, such measures could facilitate the large-scale integration of ex-combatants into the security sector as part of a peace agreement (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":776, "Sentence":"This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management may happen prior alongside ddr programme ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.3 DDR support to transitional security arrangements and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"During a period of political transition, warring parties may be required to act as security providers. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend themselves.Transitional security arrangements may include joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The management of the weapons and ammunition used during these types of transitional security arrangements shall be governed by a clear legal framework and will require a robust plan agreed to by all actors. This plan shall also be underpinned by detailed SOPs for conducting activities and identifying precise responsibilities, by which all shall abide (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). These SOPs should include guidance on how to handle arms and ammunition captured, collected or found by the joint units.4 Depending on the context and the positions of stakeholders, members of armed forces and groups would be demobilized and disarmed, or would retain use of their own small arms and ammunition, which would be registered and stored when not in use.5 In some cases, such measures could facilitate the large-scale integration of ex-combatants into the security sector as part of a peace agreement (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":776, "Sentence":"This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend themselves.Transitional security arrangements may include joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management transition phase vital building confidence time warring party may losing military capacity ability defend themselves.transitional security arrangement may include joint unit patrol operation involving party conflict often alongside thirdparty presence see iddrs 2.20 politics ddr ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.3 DDR support to transitional security arrangements and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"During a period of political transition, warring parties may be required to act as security providers. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend themselves.Transitional security arrangements may include joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The management of the weapons and ammunition used during these types of transitional security arrangements shall be governed by a clear legal framework and will require a robust plan agreed to by all actors. This plan shall also be underpinned by detailed SOPs for conducting activities and identifying precise responsibilities, by which all shall abide (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). These SOPs should include guidance on how to handle arms and ammunition captured, collected or found by the joint units.4 Depending on the context and the positions of stakeholders, members of armed forces and groups would be demobilized and disarmed, or would retain use of their own small arms and ammunition, which would be registered and stored when not in use.5 In some cases, such measures could facilitate the large-scale integration of ex-combatants into the security sector as part of a peace agreement (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":776, "Sentence":"The management of the weapons and ammunition used during these types of transitional security arrangements shall be governed by a clear legal framework and will require a robust plan agreed to by all actors.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management management weapon ammunition used type transitional security arrangement shall governed clear legal framework require robust plan agreed actor ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.3 DDR support to transitional security arrangements and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"During a period of political transition, warring parties may be required to act as security providers. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend themselves.Transitional security arrangements may include joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The management of the weapons and ammunition used during these types of transitional security arrangements shall be governed by a clear legal framework and will require a robust plan agreed to by all actors. This plan shall also be underpinned by detailed SOPs for conducting activities and identifying precise responsibilities, by which all shall abide (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). These SOPs should include guidance on how to handle arms and ammunition captured, collected or found by the joint units.4 Depending on the context and the positions of stakeholders, members of armed forces and groups would be demobilized and disarmed, or would retain use of their own small arms and ammunition, which would be registered and stored when not in use.5 In some cases, such measures could facilitate the large-scale integration of ex-combatants into the security sector as part of a peace agreement (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":776, "Sentence":"This plan shall also be underpinned by detailed SOPs for conducting activities and identifying precise responsibilities, by which all shall abide (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management plan shall also underpinned detailed sop conducting activity identifying precise responsibility shall abide see iddrs 4.10 disarmament ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.3 DDR support to transitional security arrangements and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"During a period of political transition, warring parties may be required to act as security providers. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend themselves.Transitional security arrangements may include joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). The management of the weapons and ammunition used during these types of transitional security arrangements shall be governed by a clear legal framework and will require a robust plan agreed to by all actors. This plan shall also be underpinned by detailed SOPs for conducting activities and identifying precise responsibilities, by which all shall abide (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). These SOPs should include guidance on how to handle arms and ammunition captured, collected or found by the joint units.4 Depending on the context and the positions of stakeholders, members of armed forces and groups would be demobilized and disarmed, or would retain use of their own small arms and ammunition, which would be registered and stored when not in use.5 In some cases, such measures could facilitate the large-scale integration of ex-combatants into the security sector as part of a peace agreement (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":776, "Sentence":"These SOPs should include guidance on how to handle arms and ammunition captured, collected or found by the joint units.4 Depending on the context and the positions of stakeholders, members of armed forces and groups would be demobilized and disarmed, or would retain use of their own small arms and ammunition, which would be registered and stored when not in use.5 In some cases, such measures could facilitate the large-scale integration of ex-combatants into the security sector as part of a peace agreement (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management sop include guidance handle arm ammunition captured collected found joint units.4 depending context position stakeholder member armed force group would demobilized disarmed would retain use small arm ammunition would registered stored use.5 case measure could facilitate largescale integration excombatants security sector part peace agreement see iddrs 6.10 ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.4 DDR support to peace mediation efforts and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"There is a strong arms control component to the negotiation of peace, including through the setting of preliminary ceasefires and the design and adoption of comprehensive peace agreements. Transitional WAM in support of peace mediation efforts should con- tribute to weapons control, reduce armed violence, build confidence in the process, generate a better understanding of the weapons arsenals of armed forces and groups, and prepare the ground for the transfer of responsibility for weapons management later in the DDR process, either to the UN or to the national authorities.Disarmament can be associated with defeat and a significant shift in the balance of power, as well as the removal of a key bargaining chip for well-equipped armed groups. Disarmament can also be perceived as the removal of symbols of masculinity, protection and power. Pushing for disarmament while guarantees around security, justice or integration into the security sector are lacking will have limited effectiveness and may undermine the overall DDR process.The use of transitional WAM concepts, measures and terminology provides a solution to this issue and lays the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in peace agreements. Transitional WAM can also be a first step towards more comprehen- sive arms control, paving the way for full disarmament once the context has matured. Mediators and DDR practitioners supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge, or at least have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appropriate and evidence-based DDR-related transitional WAM provisions. Transitional WAM as part of CVR and pre-DDR can also enable relevant parties to engage more confidently in negotiations as they maintain ownership of and access to their materiel. Prolonged CVR and pre-DDR, however, can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations. Such processes should therefore be approached with caution (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":777, "Sentence":"There is a strong arms control component to the negotiation of peace, including through the setting of preliminary ceasefires and the design and adoption of comprehensive peace agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management strong arm control component negotiation peace including setting preliminary ceasefires design adoption comprehensive peace agreement ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.4 DDR support to peace mediation efforts and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"There is a strong arms control component to the negotiation of peace, including through the setting of preliminary ceasefires and the design and adoption of comprehensive peace agreements. Transitional WAM in support of peace mediation efforts should con- tribute to weapons control, reduce armed violence, build confidence in the process, generate a better understanding of the weapons arsenals of armed forces and groups, and prepare the ground for the transfer of responsibility for weapons management later in the DDR process, either to the UN or to the national authorities.Disarmament can be associated with defeat and a significant shift in the balance of power, as well as the removal of a key bargaining chip for well-equipped armed groups. Disarmament can also be perceived as the removal of symbols of masculinity, protection and power. Pushing for disarmament while guarantees around security, justice or integration into the security sector are lacking will have limited effectiveness and may undermine the overall DDR process.The use of transitional WAM concepts, measures and terminology provides a solution to this issue and lays the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in peace agreements. Transitional WAM can also be a first step towards more comprehen- sive arms control, paving the way for full disarmament once the context has matured. Mediators and DDR practitioners supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge, or at least have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appropriate and evidence-based DDR-related transitional WAM provisions. Transitional WAM as part of CVR and pre-DDR can also enable relevant parties to engage more confidently in negotiations as they maintain ownership of and access to their materiel. Prolonged CVR and pre-DDR, however, can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations. Such processes should therefore be approached with caution (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":777, "Sentence":"Transitional WAM in support of peace mediation efforts should con- tribute to weapons control, reduce armed violence, build confidence in the process, generate a better understanding of the weapons arsenals of armed forces and groups, and prepare the ground for the transfer of responsibility for weapons management later in the DDR process, either to the UN or to the national authorities.Disarmament can be associated with defeat and a significant shift in the balance of power, as well as the removal of a key bargaining chip for well-equipped armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management transitional wam support peace mediation effort con tribute weapon control reduce armed violence build confidence process generate better understanding weapon arsenal armed force group prepare ground transfer responsibility weapon management later ddr process either un national authorities.disarmament associated defeat significant shift balance power well removal key bargaining chip wellequipped armed group ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.4 DDR support to peace mediation efforts and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"There is a strong arms control component to the negotiation of peace, including through the setting of preliminary ceasefires and the design and adoption of comprehensive peace agreements. Transitional WAM in support of peace mediation efforts should con- tribute to weapons control, reduce armed violence, build confidence in the process, generate a better understanding of the weapons arsenals of armed forces and groups, and prepare the ground for the transfer of responsibility for weapons management later in the DDR process, either to the UN or to the national authorities.Disarmament can be associated with defeat and a significant shift in the balance of power, as well as the removal of a key bargaining chip for well-equipped armed groups. Disarmament can also be perceived as the removal of symbols of masculinity, protection and power. Pushing for disarmament while guarantees around security, justice or integration into the security sector are lacking will have limited effectiveness and may undermine the overall DDR process.The use of transitional WAM concepts, measures and terminology provides a solution to this issue and lays the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in peace agreements. Transitional WAM can also be a first step towards more comprehen- sive arms control, paving the way for full disarmament once the context has matured. Mediators and DDR practitioners supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge, or at least have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appropriate and evidence-based DDR-related transitional WAM provisions. Transitional WAM as part of CVR and pre-DDR can also enable relevant parties to engage more confidently in negotiations as they maintain ownership of and access to their materiel. Prolonged CVR and pre-DDR, however, can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations. Such processes should therefore be approached with caution (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":777, "Sentence":"Disarmament can also be perceived as the removal of symbols of masculinity, protection and power.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management disarmament also perceived removal symbol masculinity protection power ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.4 DDR support to peace mediation efforts and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"There is a strong arms control component to the negotiation of peace, including through the setting of preliminary ceasefires and the design and adoption of comprehensive peace agreements. Transitional WAM in support of peace mediation efforts should con- tribute to weapons control, reduce armed violence, build confidence in the process, generate a better understanding of the weapons arsenals of armed forces and groups, and prepare the ground for the transfer of responsibility for weapons management later in the DDR process, either to the UN or to the national authorities.Disarmament can be associated with defeat and a significant shift in the balance of power, as well as the removal of a key bargaining chip for well-equipped armed groups. Disarmament can also be perceived as the removal of symbols of masculinity, protection and power. Pushing for disarmament while guarantees around security, justice or integration into the security sector are lacking will have limited effectiveness and may undermine the overall DDR process.The use of transitional WAM concepts, measures and terminology provides a solution to this issue and lays the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in peace agreements. Transitional WAM can also be a first step towards more comprehen- sive arms control, paving the way for full disarmament once the context has matured. Mediators and DDR practitioners supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge, or at least have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appropriate and evidence-based DDR-related transitional WAM provisions. Transitional WAM as part of CVR and pre-DDR can also enable relevant parties to engage more confidently in negotiations as they maintain ownership of and access to their materiel. Prolonged CVR and pre-DDR, however, can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations. Such processes should therefore be approached with caution (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":777, "Sentence":"Pushing for disarmament while guarantees around security, justice or integration into the security sector are lacking will have limited effectiveness and may undermine the overall DDR process.The use of transitional WAM concepts, measures and terminology provides a solution to this issue and lays the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in peace agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management pushing disarmament guarantee around security justice integration security sector lacking limited effectiveness may undermine overall ddr process.the use transitional wam concept measure terminology provides solution issue lay ground realistic arm control provision peace agreement ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.4 DDR support to peace mediation efforts and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"There is a strong arms control component to the negotiation of peace, including through the setting of preliminary ceasefires and the design and adoption of comprehensive peace agreements. Transitional WAM in support of peace mediation efforts should con- tribute to weapons control, reduce armed violence, build confidence in the process, generate a better understanding of the weapons arsenals of armed forces and groups, and prepare the ground for the transfer of responsibility for weapons management later in the DDR process, either to the UN or to the national authorities.Disarmament can be associated with defeat and a significant shift in the balance of power, as well as the removal of a key bargaining chip for well-equipped armed groups. Disarmament can also be perceived as the removal of symbols of masculinity, protection and power. Pushing for disarmament while guarantees around security, justice or integration into the security sector are lacking will have limited effectiveness and may undermine the overall DDR process.The use of transitional WAM concepts, measures and terminology provides a solution to this issue and lays the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in peace agreements. Transitional WAM can also be a first step towards more comprehen- sive arms control, paving the way for full disarmament once the context has matured. Mediators and DDR practitioners supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge, or at least have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appropriate and evidence-based DDR-related transitional WAM provisions. Transitional WAM as part of CVR and pre-DDR can also enable relevant parties to engage more confidently in negotiations as they maintain ownership of and access to their materiel. Prolonged CVR and pre-DDR, however, can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations. Such processes should therefore be approached with caution (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":777, "Sentence":"Transitional WAM can also be a first step towards more comprehen- sive arms control, paving the way for full disarmament once the context has matured.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management transitional wam also first step towards comprehen sive arm control paving way full disarmament context matured ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.4 DDR support to peace mediation efforts and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"There is a strong arms control component to the negotiation of peace, including through the setting of preliminary ceasefires and the design and adoption of comprehensive peace agreements. Transitional WAM in support of peace mediation efforts should con- tribute to weapons control, reduce armed violence, build confidence in the process, generate a better understanding of the weapons arsenals of armed forces and groups, and prepare the ground for the transfer of responsibility for weapons management later in the DDR process, either to the UN or to the national authorities.Disarmament can be associated with defeat and a significant shift in the balance of power, as well as the removal of a key bargaining chip for well-equipped armed groups. Disarmament can also be perceived as the removal of symbols of masculinity, protection and power. Pushing for disarmament while guarantees around security, justice or integration into the security sector are lacking will have limited effectiveness and may undermine the overall DDR process.The use of transitional WAM concepts, measures and terminology provides a solution to this issue and lays the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in peace agreements. Transitional WAM can also be a first step towards more comprehen- sive arms control, paving the way for full disarmament once the context has matured. Mediators and DDR practitioners supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge, or at least have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appropriate and evidence-based DDR-related transitional WAM provisions. Transitional WAM as part of CVR and pre-DDR can also enable relevant parties to engage more confidently in negotiations as they maintain ownership of and access to their materiel. Prolonged CVR and pre-DDR, however, can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations. Such processes should therefore be approached with caution (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":777, "Sentence":"Mediators and DDR practitioners supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge, or at least have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appropriate and evidence-based DDR-related transitional WAM provisions.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management mediator ddr practitioner supporting mediation process strong ddr wam knowledge least access expertise guide designing appropriate evidencebased ddrrelated transitional wam provision ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.4 DDR support to peace mediation efforts and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"There is a strong arms control component to the negotiation of peace, including through the setting of preliminary ceasefires and the design and adoption of comprehensive peace agreements. Transitional WAM in support of peace mediation efforts should con- tribute to weapons control, reduce armed violence, build confidence in the process, generate a better understanding of the weapons arsenals of armed forces and groups, and prepare the ground for the transfer of responsibility for weapons management later in the DDR process, either to the UN or to the national authorities.Disarmament can be associated with defeat and a significant shift in the balance of power, as well as the removal of a key bargaining chip for well-equipped armed groups. Disarmament can also be perceived as the removal of symbols of masculinity, protection and power. Pushing for disarmament while guarantees around security, justice or integration into the security sector are lacking will have limited effectiveness and may undermine the overall DDR process.The use of transitional WAM concepts, measures and terminology provides a solution to this issue and lays the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in peace agreements. Transitional WAM can also be a first step towards more comprehen- sive arms control, paving the way for full disarmament once the context has matured. Mediators and DDR practitioners supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge, or at least have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appropriate and evidence-based DDR-related transitional WAM provisions. Transitional WAM as part of CVR and pre-DDR can also enable relevant parties to engage more confidently in negotiations as they maintain ownership of and access to their materiel. Prolonged CVR and pre-DDR, however, can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations. Such processes should therefore be approached with caution (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":777, "Sentence":"Transitional WAM as part of CVR and pre-DDR can also enable relevant parties to engage more confidently in negotiations as they maintain ownership of and access to their materiel.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management transitional wam part cvr preddr also enable relevant party engage confidently negotiation maintain ownership access materiel ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.4 DDR support to peace mediation efforts and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"There is a strong arms control component to the negotiation of peace, including through the setting of preliminary ceasefires and the design and adoption of comprehensive peace agreements. Transitional WAM in support of peace mediation efforts should con- tribute to weapons control, reduce armed violence, build confidence in the process, generate a better understanding of the weapons arsenals of armed forces and groups, and prepare the ground for the transfer of responsibility for weapons management later in the DDR process, either to the UN or to the national authorities.Disarmament can be associated with defeat and a significant shift in the balance of power, as well as the removal of a key bargaining chip for well-equipped armed groups. Disarmament can also be perceived as the removal of symbols of masculinity, protection and power. Pushing for disarmament while guarantees around security, justice or integration into the security sector are lacking will have limited effectiveness and may undermine the overall DDR process.The use of transitional WAM concepts, measures and terminology provides a solution to this issue and lays the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in peace agreements. Transitional WAM can also be a first step towards more comprehen- sive arms control, paving the way for full disarmament once the context has matured. Mediators and DDR practitioners supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge, or at least have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appropriate and evidence-based DDR-related transitional WAM provisions. Transitional WAM as part of CVR and pre-DDR can also enable relevant parties to engage more confidently in negotiations as they maintain ownership of and access to their materiel. Prolonged CVR and pre-DDR, however, can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations. Such processes should therefore be approached with caution (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":777, "Sentence":"Prolonged CVR and pre-DDR, however, can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management prolonged cvr preddr however also become support mechanism armed group rather incentive finalize peace negotiation ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Transitional WAM in support of DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.1.4 DDR support to peace mediation efforts and transitional WAM", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"There is a strong arms control component to the negotiation of peace, including through the setting of preliminary ceasefires and the design and adoption of comprehensive peace agreements. Transitional WAM in support of peace mediation efforts should con- tribute to weapons control, reduce armed violence, build confidence in the process, generate a better understanding of the weapons arsenals of armed forces and groups, and prepare the ground for the transfer of responsibility for weapons management later in the DDR process, either to the UN or to the national authorities.Disarmament can be associated with defeat and a significant shift in the balance of power, as well as the removal of a key bargaining chip for well-equipped armed groups. Disarmament can also be perceived as the removal of symbols of masculinity, protection and power. Pushing for disarmament while guarantees around security, justice or integration into the security sector are lacking will have limited effectiveness and may undermine the overall DDR process.The use of transitional WAM concepts, measures and terminology provides a solution to this issue and lays the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in peace agreements. Transitional WAM can also be a first step towards more comprehen- sive arms control, paving the way for full disarmament once the context has matured. Mediators and DDR practitioners supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge, or at least have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appropriate and evidence-based DDR-related transitional WAM provisions. Transitional WAM as part of CVR and pre-DDR can also enable relevant parties to engage more confidently in negotiations as they maintain ownership of and access to their materiel. Prolonged CVR and pre-DDR, however, can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations. Such processes should therefore be approached with caution (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":777, "Sentence":"Such processes should therefore be approached with caution (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management process therefore approached caution see iddrs 2.20 politics ddr ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.2 Transitional WAM and reintegration support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can be provided to ex-combatants as part of a DDR programme and also when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). When transitional WAM and rein- tegration support are linked as part of a DDR programme, ex-combatants will have already been disarmed and demobilized. In contexts where there is no DDR programme, combatants may leave armed groups during active conflict and return to their com- munities, taking their weapons and ammunition with them or hiding them in weap- ons caches. In both scenarios, ex-combatants may return to communities where levels of weapons and ammunition possession are high. It may therefore be necessary to coherently combine the transitional WAM measures listed in Table 1 with reintegration support as part of a single programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":778, "Sentence":"Reintegration support can be provided to ex-combatants as part of a DDR programme and also when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management reintegration support provided excombatants part ddr programme also precondition ddr programme place see iddrs 2.40 reintegration part sustaining peace ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.2 Transitional WAM and reintegration support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can be provided to ex-combatants as part of a DDR programme and also when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). When transitional WAM and rein- tegration support are linked as part of a DDR programme, ex-combatants will have already been disarmed and demobilized. In contexts where there is no DDR programme, combatants may leave armed groups during active conflict and return to their com- munities, taking their weapons and ammunition with them or hiding them in weap- ons caches. In both scenarios, ex-combatants may return to communities where levels of weapons and ammunition possession are high. It may therefore be necessary to coherently combine the transitional WAM measures listed in Table 1 with reintegration support as part of a single programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":778, "Sentence":"When transitional WAM and rein- tegration support are linked as part of a DDR programme, ex-combatants will have already been disarmed and demobilized.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management transitional wam rein tegration support linked part ddr programme excombatants already disarmed demobilized ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.2 Transitional WAM and reintegration support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can be provided to ex-combatants as part of a DDR programme and also when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). When transitional WAM and rein- tegration support are linked as part of a DDR programme, ex-combatants will have already been disarmed and demobilized. In contexts where there is no DDR programme, combatants may leave armed groups during active conflict and return to their com- munities, taking their weapons and ammunition with them or hiding them in weap- ons caches. In both scenarios, ex-combatants may return to communities where levels of weapons and ammunition possession are high. It may therefore be necessary to coherently combine the transitional WAM measures listed in Table 1 with reintegration support as part of a single programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":778, "Sentence":"In contexts where there is no DDR programme, combatants may leave armed groups during active conflict and return to their com- munities, taking their weapons and ammunition with them or hiding them in weap- ons caches.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management context ddr programme combatant may leave armed group active conflict return com munities taking weapon ammunition hiding weap ons cache ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.2 Transitional WAM and reintegration support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can be provided to ex-combatants as part of a DDR programme and also when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). When transitional WAM and rein- tegration support are linked as part of a DDR programme, ex-combatants will have already been disarmed and demobilized. In contexts where there is no DDR programme, combatants may leave armed groups during active conflict and return to their com- munities, taking their weapons and ammunition with them or hiding them in weap- ons caches. In both scenarios, ex-combatants may return to communities where levels of weapons and ammunition possession are high. It may therefore be necessary to coherently combine the transitional WAM measures listed in Table 1 with reintegration support as part of a single programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":778, "Sentence":"In both scenarios, ex-combatants may return to communities where levels of weapons and ammunition possession are high.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management scenario excombatants may return community level weapon ammunition possession high ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.2 Transitional WAM and reintegration support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can be provided to ex-combatants as part of a DDR programme and also when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). When transitional WAM and rein- tegration support are linked as part of a DDR programme, ex-combatants will have already been disarmed and demobilized. In contexts where there is no DDR programme, combatants may leave armed groups during active conflict and return to their com- munities, taking their weapons and ammunition with them or hiding them in weap- ons caches. In both scenarios, ex-combatants may return to communities where levels of weapons and ammunition possession are high. It may therefore be necessary to coherently combine the transitional WAM measures listed in Table 1 with reintegration support as part of a single programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":778, "Sentence":"It may therefore be necessary to coherently combine the transitional WAM measures listed in Table 1 with reintegration support as part of a single programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management may therefore necessary coherently combine transitional wam measure listed table 1 reintegration support part single programme ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Although DDR and SALW control are separate areas of engagement, technically they are very closely linked, particularly in DDR settings where transitional WAM overlaps with SALW control objectives, activities and target audiences. SALW remain particu- larly prevalent in many regions where DDR is implemented. Furthermore, the uncon- trolled circulation of SALW can impede the implementation of DDR processes and enable conflict (see the report of the Secretary General on SALW (S\/2019\/1011)). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with both national DDR commissions and SALW control bodies, if they exist, and both areas of work should be closely co- ordinated and strategically sequenced. For instance, the implementation of a weapons survey and the use of mortality and morbidity data from an ongoing injury surveil- lance national system could serve as the basis for the development of both DDR-related transitional WAM activities and SALW control strategy.The term \u2018SALW control\u2019 refers to those activities that together aim to reduce the security, social, economic and environmental impact of uncontrolled SALW proliferation, possession and circulation. These activities largely consist of, but are not limited to: \\n Cross-border control measures; \\n Information management and exchange; \\n Legislative and regulatory measures; \\n SALW awareness and outreach strategies; \\n SALW surveys and assessments; \\n SALW collection and registration, including utilization of relevant regional and international databases for cross-checking \\n SALW destruction; \\n Stockpile management; \\n Marking, recordkeeping and tracing.The international community, recognizing the need to deal with the challenges posed by the illicit trade in SALW, adopted the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/Conf.192\/15) in 2001 (PoA) (see section 5.2). In this framework, states commit themselves to, among other things, strengthen agreed norms and measures to help prevent and combat the illicit trade in SALW, and mobilize political will and resources in order to prevent the illicit transfer, manufacture, export and import of SALW. Regional agreements, declarations and conventions have built upon and deepened the commitments contained within the PoA. As a result, a number of countries around the world have set up SALW control programmes as well as institutional processes to implement them. SALW control programmes and activities should be designed and implemented in line with MOSAIC (see Annex B), which provides clear, practical and comprehensive guidance to practitioners and policymakers.During DDR, SALW control should be implemented to focus on wider arms con- trol at the national and community levels. It is essential that all weapons are considered during a DDR process, even though the focus may initially be on those weapons held by armed forces and groups. For these reasons, the transitional WAM mechanisms established during DDR processes should be designed to be applicable and sustainable in broader arms control initiatives even after the DDR process has been completed. It is also critical that DDR-related transitional WAM and SALW control activities are strategically sequenced, and that a robust public awareness strategy based on clear messaging accompanies these efforts (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, MOSAIC 04.30 on Awareness Raising and IMAS 12.10 on Explosive Ordnance Risk Education).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":779, "Sentence":"Although DDR and SALW control are separate areas of engagement, technically they are very closely linked, particularly in DDR settings where transitional WAM overlaps with SALW control objectives, activities and target audiences.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management although ddr salw control separate area engagement technically closely linked particularly ddr setting transitional wam overlap salw control objective activity target audience ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Although DDR and SALW control are separate areas of engagement, technically they are very closely linked, particularly in DDR settings where transitional WAM overlaps with SALW control objectives, activities and target audiences. SALW remain particu- larly prevalent in many regions where DDR is implemented. Furthermore, the uncon- trolled circulation of SALW can impede the implementation of DDR processes and enable conflict (see the report of the Secretary General on SALW (S\/2019\/1011)). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with both national DDR commissions and SALW control bodies, if they exist, and both areas of work should be closely co- ordinated and strategically sequenced. For instance, the implementation of a weapons survey and the use of mortality and morbidity data from an ongoing injury surveil- lance national system could serve as the basis for the development of both DDR-related transitional WAM activities and SALW control strategy.The term \u2018SALW control\u2019 refers to those activities that together aim to reduce the security, social, economic and environmental impact of uncontrolled SALW proliferation, possession and circulation. These activities largely consist of, but are not limited to: \\n Cross-border control measures; \\n Information management and exchange; \\n Legislative and regulatory measures; \\n SALW awareness and outreach strategies; \\n SALW surveys and assessments; \\n SALW collection and registration, including utilization of relevant regional and international databases for cross-checking \\n SALW destruction; \\n Stockpile management; \\n Marking, recordkeeping and tracing.The international community, recognizing the need to deal with the challenges posed by the illicit trade in SALW, adopted the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/Conf.192\/15) in 2001 (PoA) (see section 5.2). In this framework, states commit themselves to, among other things, strengthen agreed norms and measures to help prevent and combat the illicit trade in SALW, and mobilize political will and resources in order to prevent the illicit transfer, manufacture, export and import of SALW. Regional agreements, declarations and conventions have built upon and deepened the commitments contained within the PoA. As a result, a number of countries around the world have set up SALW control programmes as well as institutional processes to implement them. SALW control programmes and activities should be designed and implemented in line with MOSAIC (see Annex B), which provides clear, practical and comprehensive guidance to practitioners and policymakers.During DDR, SALW control should be implemented to focus on wider arms con- trol at the national and community levels. It is essential that all weapons are considered during a DDR process, even though the focus may initially be on those weapons held by armed forces and groups. For these reasons, the transitional WAM mechanisms established during DDR processes should be designed to be applicable and sustainable in broader arms control initiatives even after the DDR process has been completed. It is also critical that DDR-related transitional WAM and SALW control activities are strategically sequenced, and that a robust public awareness strategy based on clear messaging accompanies these efforts (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, MOSAIC 04.30 on Awareness Raising and IMAS 12.10 on Explosive Ordnance Risk Education).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":779, "Sentence":"SALW remain particu- larly prevalent in many regions where DDR is implemented.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management salw remain particu larly prevalent many region ddr implemented ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Although DDR and SALW control are separate areas of engagement, technically they are very closely linked, particularly in DDR settings where transitional WAM overlaps with SALW control objectives, activities and target audiences. SALW remain particu- larly prevalent in many regions where DDR is implemented. Furthermore, the uncon- trolled circulation of SALW can impede the implementation of DDR processes and enable conflict (see the report of the Secretary General on SALW (S\/2019\/1011)). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with both national DDR commissions and SALW control bodies, if they exist, and both areas of work should be closely co- ordinated and strategically sequenced. For instance, the implementation of a weapons survey and the use of mortality and morbidity data from an ongoing injury surveil- lance national system could serve as the basis for the development of both DDR-related transitional WAM activities and SALW control strategy.The term \u2018SALW control\u2019 refers to those activities that together aim to reduce the security, social, economic and environmental impact of uncontrolled SALW proliferation, possession and circulation. These activities largely consist of, but are not limited to: \\n Cross-border control measures; \\n Information management and exchange; \\n Legislative and regulatory measures; \\n SALW awareness and outreach strategies; \\n SALW surveys and assessments; \\n SALW collection and registration, including utilization of relevant regional and international databases for cross-checking \\n SALW destruction; \\n Stockpile management; \\n Marking, recordkeeping and tracing.The international community, recognizing the need to deal with the challenges posed by the illicit trade in SALW, adopted the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/Conf.192\/15) in 2001 (PoA) (see section 5.2). In this framework, states commit themselves to, among other things, strengthen agreed norms and measures to help prevent and combat the illicit trade in SALW, and mobilize political will and resources in order to prevent the illicit transfer, manufacture, export and import of SALW. Regional agreements, declarations and conventions have built upon and deepened the commitments contained within the PoA. As a result, a number of countries around the world have set up SALW control programmes as well as institutional processes to implement them. SALW control programmes and activities should be designed and implemented in line with MOSAIC (see Annex B), which provides clear, practical and comprehensive guidance to practitioners and policymakers.During DDR, SALW control should be implemented to focus on wider arms con- trol at the national and community levels. It is essential that all weapons are considered during a DDR process, even though the focus may initially be on those weapons held by armed forces and groups. For these reasons, the transitional WAM mechanisms established during DDR processes should be designed to be applicable and sustainable in broader arms control initiatives even after the DDR process has been completed. It is also critical that DDR-related transitional WAM and SALW control activities are strategically sequenced, and that a robust public awareness strategy based on clear messaging accompanies these efforts (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, MOSAIC 04.30 on Awareness Raising and IMAS 12.10 on Explosive Ordnance Risk Education).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":779, "Sentence":"Furthermore, the uncon- trolled circulation of SALW can impede the implementation of DDR processes and enable conflict (see the report of the Secretary General on SALW (S\/2019\/1011)).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management furthermore uncon trolled circulation salw impede implementation ddr process enable conflict see report secretary general salw s\/2019\/1011 ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Although DDR and SALW control are separate areas of engagement, technically they are very closely linked, particularly in DDR settings where transitional WAM overlaps with SALW control objectives, activities and target audiences. SALW remain particu- larly prevalent in many regions where DDR is implemented. Furthermore, the uncon- trolled circulation of SALW can impede the implementation of DDR processes and enable conflict (see the report of the Secretary General on SALW (S\/2019\/1011)). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with both national DDR commissions and SALW control bodies, if they exist, and both areas of work should be closely co- ordinated and strategically sequenced. For instance, the implementation of a weapons survey and the use of mortality and morbidity data from an ongoing injury surveil- lance national system could serve as the basis for the development of both DDR-related transitional WAM activities and SALW control strategy.The term \u2018SALW control\u2019 refers to those activities that together aim to reduce the security, social, economic and environmental impact of uncontrolled SALW proliferation, possession and circulation. These activities largely consist of, but are not limited to: \\n Cross-border control measures; \\n Information management and exchange; \\n Legislative and regulatory measures; \\n SALW awareness and outreach strategies; \\n SALW surveys and assessments; \\n SALW collection and registration, including utilization of relevant regional and international databases for cross-checking \\n SALW destruction; \\n Stockpile management; \\n Marking, recordkeeping and tracing.The international community, recognizing the need to deal with the challenges posed by the illicit trade in SALW, adopted the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/Conf.192\/15) in 2001 (PoA) (see section 5.2). In this framework, states commit themselves to, among other things, strengthen agreed norms and measures to help prevent and combat the illicit trade in SALW, and mobilize political will and resources in order to prevent the illicit transfer, manufacture, export and import of SALW. Regional agreements, declarations and conventions have built upon and deepened the commitments contained within the PoA. As a result, a number of countries around the world have set up SALW control programmes as well as institutional processes to implement them. SALW control programmes and activities should be designed and implemented in line with MOSAIC (see Annex B), which provides clear, practical and comprehensive guidance to practitioners and policymakers.During DDR, SALW control should be implemented to focus on wider arms con- trol at the national and community levels. It is essential that all weapons are considered during a DDR process, even though the focus may initially be on those weapons held by armed forces and groups. For these reasons, the transitional WAM mechanisms established during DDR processes should be designed to be applicable and sustainable in broader arms control initiatives even after the DDR process has been completed. It is also critical that DDR-related transitional WAM and SALW control activities are strategically sequenced, and that a robust public awareness strategy based on clear messaging accompanies these efforts (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, MOSAIC 04.30 on Awareness Raising and IMAS 12.10 on Explosive Ordnance Risk Education).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":779, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with both national DDR commissions and SALW control bodies, if they exist, and both areas of work should be closely co- ordinated and strategically sequenced.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management ddr practitioner work close collaboration national ddr commission salw control body exist area work closely co ordinated strategically sequenced ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Although DDR and SALW control are separate areas of engagement, technically they are very closely linked, particularly in DDR settings where transitional WAM overlaps with SALW control objectives, activities and target audiences. SALW remain particu- larly prevalent in many regions where DDR is implemented. Furthermore, the uncon- trolled circulation of SALW can impede the implementation of DDR processes and enable conflict (see the report of the Secretary General on SALW (S\/2019\/1011)). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with both national DDR commissions and SALW control bodies, if they exist, and both areas of work should be closely co- ordinated and strategically sequenced. For instance, the implementation of a weapons survey and the use of mortality and morbidity data from an ongoing injury surveil- lance national system could serve as the basis for the development of both DDR-related transitional WAM activities and SALW control strategy.The term \u2018SALW control\u2019 refers to those activities that together aim to reduce the security, social, economic and environmental impact of uncontrolled SALW proliferation, possession and circulation. These activities largely consist of, but are not limited to: \\n Cross-border control measures; \\n Information management and exchange; \\n Legislative and regulatory measures; \\n SALW awareness and outreach strategies; \\n SALW surveys and assessments; \\n SALW collection and registration, including utilization of relevant regional and international databases for cross-checking \\n SALW destruction; \\n Stockpile management; \\n Marking, recordkeeping and tracing.The international community, recognizing the need to deal with the challenges posed by the illicit trade in SALW, adopted the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/Conf.192\/15) in 2001 (PoA) (see section 5.2). In this framework, states commit themselves to, among other things, strengthen agreed norms and measures to help prevent and combat the illicit trade in SALW, and mobilize political will and resources in order to prevent the illicit transfer, manufacture, export and import of SALW. Regional agreements, declarations and conventions have built upon and deepened the commitments contained within the PoA. As a result, a number of countries around the world have set up SALW control programmes as well as institutional processes to implement them. SALW control programmes and activities should be designed and implemented in line with MOSAIC (see Annex B), which provides clear, practical and comprehensive guidance to practitioners and policymakers.During DDR, SALW control should be implemented to focus on wider arms con- trol at the national and community levels. It is essential that all weapons are considered during a DDR process, even though the focus may initially be on those weapons held by armed forces and groups. For these reasons, the transitional WAM mechanisms established during DDR processes should be designed to be applicable and sustainable in broader arms control initiatives even after the DDR process has been completed. It is also critical that DDR-related transitional WAM and SALW control activities are strategically sequenced, and that a robust public awareness strategy based on clear messaging accompanies these efforts (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, MOSAIC 04.30 on Awareness Raising and IMAS 12.10 on Explosive Ordnance Risk Education).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":779, "Sentence":"For instance, the implementation of a weapons survey and the use of mortality and morbidity data from an ongoing injury surveil- lance national system could serve as the basis for the development of both DDR-related transitional WAM activities and SALW control strategy.The term \u2018SALW control\u2019 refers to those activities that together aim to reduce the security, social, economic and environmental impact of uncontrolled SALW proliferation, possession and circulation.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management instance implementation weapon survey use mortality morbidity data ongoing injury surveil lance national system could serve basis development ddrrelated transitional wam activity salw control strategy.the term \u2018 salw control \u2019 refers activity together aim reduce security social economic environmental impact uncontrolled salw proliferation possession circulation ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Although DDR and SALW control are separate areas of engagement, technically they are very closely linked, particularly in DDR settings where transitional WAM overlaps with SALW control objectives, activities and target audiences. SALW remain particu- larly prevalent in many regions where DDR is implemented. Furthermore, the uncon- trolled circulation of SALW can impede the implementation of DDR processes and enable conflict (see the report of the Secretary General on SALW (S\/2019\/1011)). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with both national DDR commissions and SALW control bodies, if they exist, and both areas of work should be closely co- ordinated and strategically sequenced. For instance, the implementation of a weapons survey and the use of mortality and morbidity data from an ongoing injury surveil- lance national system could serve as the basis for the development of both DDR-related transitional WAM activities and SALW control strategy.The term \u2018SALW control\u2019 refers to those activities that together aim to reduce the security, social, economic and environmental impact of uncontrolled SALW proliferation, possession and circulation. These activities largely consist of, but are not limited to: \\n Cross-border control measures; \\n Information management and exchange; \\n Legislative and regulatory measures; \\n SALW awareness and outreach strategies; \\n SALW surveys and assessments; \\n SALW collection and registration, including utilization of relevant regional and international databases for cross-checking \\n SALW destruction; \\n Stockpile management; \\n Marking, recordkeeping and tracing.The international community, recognizing the need to deal with the challenges posed by the illicit trade in SALW, adopted the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/Conf.192\/15) in 2001 (PoA) (see section 5.2). In this framework, states commit themselves to, among other things, strengthen agreed norms and measures to help prevent and combat the illicit trade in SALW, and mobilize political will and resources in order to prevent the illicit transfer, manufacture, export and import of SALW. Regional agreements, declarations and conventions have built upon and deepened the commitments contained within the PoA. As a result, a number of countries around the world have set up SALW control programmes as well as institutional processes to implement them. SALW control programmes and activities should be designed and implemented in line with MOSAIC (see Annex B), which provides clear, practical and comprehensive guidance to practitioners and policymakers.During DDR, SALW control should be implemented to focus on wider arms con- trol at the national and community levels. It is essential that all weapons are considered during a DDR process, even though the focus may initially be on those weapons held by armed forces and groups. For these reasons, the transitional WAM mechanisms established during DDR processes should be designed to be applicable and sustainable in broader arms control initiatives even after the DDR process has been completed. It is also critical that DDR-related transitional WAM and SALW control activities are strategically sequenced, and that a robust public awareness strategy based on clear messaging accompanies these efforts (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, MOSAIC 04.30 on Awareness Raising and IMAS 12.10 on Explosive Ordnance Risk Education).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":779, "Sentence":"These activities largely consist of, but are not limited to: \\n Cross-border control measures; \\n Information management and exchange; \\n Legislative and regulatory measures; \\n SALW awareness and outreach strategies; \\n SALW surveys and assessments; \\n SALW collection and registration, including utilization of relevant regional and international databases for cross-checking \\n SALW destruction; \\n Stockpile management; \\n Marking, recordkeeping and tracing.The international community, recognizing the need to deal with the challenges posed by the illicit trade in SALW, adopted the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/Conf.192\/15) in 2001 (PoA) (see section 5.2).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management activity largely consist limited n crossborder control measure n information management exchange n legislative regulatory measure n salw awareness outreach strategy n salw survey assessment n salw collection registration including utilization relevant regional international database crosschecking n salw destruction n stockpile management n marking recordkeeping tracing.the international community recognizing need deal challenge posed illicit trade salw adopted united nation programme action prevent combat eradicate illicit trade small arm light weapon aspect a\/conf.192\/15 2001 poa see section 5.2 ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Although DDR and SALW control are separate areas of engagement, technically they are very closely linked, particularly in DDR settings where transitional WAM overlaps with SALW control objectives, activities and target audiences. SALW remain particu- larly prevalent in many regions where DDR is implemented. Furthermore, the uncon- trolled circulation of SALW can impede the implementation of DDR processes and enable conflict (see the report of the Secretary General on SALW (S\/2019\/1011)). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with both national DDR commissions and SALW control bodies, if they exist, and both areas of work should be closely co- ordinated and strategically sequenced. For instance, the implementation of a weapons survey and the use of mortality and morbidity data from an ongoing injury surveil- lance national system could serve as the basis for the development of both DDR-related transitional WAM activities and SALW control strategy.The term \u2018SALW control\u2019 refers to those activities that together aim to reduce the security, social, economic and environmental impact of uncontrolled SALW proliferation, possession and circulation. These activities largely consist of, but are not limited to: \\n Cross-border control measures; \\n Information management and exchange; \\n Legislative and regulatory measures; \\n SALW awareness and outreach strategies; \\n SALW surveys and assessments; \\n SALW collection and registration, including utilization of relevant regional and international databases for cross-checking \\n SALW destruction; \\n Stockpile management; \\n Marking, recordkeeping and tracing.The international community, recognizing the need to deal with the challenges posed by the illicit trade in SALW, adopted the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/Conf.192\/15) in 2001 (PoA) (see section 5.2). In this framework, states commit themselves to, among other things, strengthen agreed norms and measures to help prevent and combat the illicit trade in SALW, and mobilize political will and resources in order to prevent the illicit transfer, manufacture, export and import of SALW. Regional agreements, declarations and conventions have built upon and deepened the commitments contained within the PoA. As a result, a number of countries around the world have set up SALW control programmes as well as institutional processes to implement them. SALW control programmes and activities should be designed and implemented in line with MOSAIC (see Annex B), which provides clear, practical and comprehensive guidance to practitioners and policymakers.During DDR, SALW control should be implemented to focus on wider arms con- trol at the national and community levels. It is essential that all weapons are considered during a DDR process, even though the focus may initially be on those weapons held by armed forces and groups. For these reasons, the transitional WAM mechanisms established during DDR processes should be designed to be applicable and sustainable in broader arms control initiatives even after the DDR process has been completed. It is also critical that DDR-related transitional WAM and SALW control activities are strategically sequenced, and that a robust public awareness strategy based on clear messaging accompanies these efforts (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, MOSAIC 04.30 on Awareness Raising and IMAS 12.10 on Explosive Ordnance Risk Education).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":779, "Sentence":"In this framework, states commit themselves to, among other things, strengthen agreed norms and measures to help prevent and combat the illicit trade in SALW, and mobilize political will and resources in order to prevent the illicit transfer, manufacture, export and import of SALW.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management framework state commit among thing strengthen agreed norm measure help prevent combat illicit trade salw mobilize political resource order prevent illicit transfer manufacture export import salw ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Although DDR and SALW control are separate areas of engagement, technically they are very closely linked, particularly in DDR settings where transitional WAM overlaps with SALW control objectives, activities and target audiences. SALW remain particu- larly prevalent in many regions where DDR is implemented. Furthermore, the uncon- trolled circulation of SALW can impede the implementation of DDR processes and enable conflict (see the report of the Secretary General on SALW (S\/2019\/1011)). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with both national DDR commissions and SALW control bodies, if they exist, and both areas of work should be closely co- ordinated and strategically sequenced. For instance, the implementation of a weapons survey and the use of mortality and morbidity data from an ongoing injury surveil- lance national system could serve as the basis for the development of both DDR-related transitional WAM activities and SALW control strategy.The term \u2018SALW control\u2019 refers to those activities that together aim to reduce the security, social, economic and environmental impact of uncontrolled SALW proliferation, possession and circulation. These activities largely consist of, but are not limited to: \\n Cross-border control measures; \\n Information management and exchange; \\n Legislative and regulatory measures; \\n SALW awareness and outreach strategies; \\n SALW surveys and assessments; \\n SALW collection and registration, including utilization of relevant regional and international databases for cross-checking \\n SALW destruction; \\n Stockpile management; \\n Marking, recordkeeping and tracing.The international community, recognizing the need to deal with the challenges posed by the illicit trade in SALW, adopted the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/Conf.192\/15) in 2001 (PoA) (see section 5.2). In this framework, states commit themselves to, among other things, strengthen agreed norms and measures to help prevent and combat the illicit trade in SALW, and mobilize political will and resources in order to prevent the illicit transfer, manufacture, export and import of SALW. Regional agreements, declarations and conventions have built upon and deepened the commitments contained within the PoA. As a result, a number of countries around the world have set up SALW control programmes as well as institutional processes to implement them. SALW control programmes and activities should be designed and implemented in line with MOSAIC (see Annex B), which provides clear, practical and comprehensive guidance to practitioners and policymakers.During DDR, SALW control should be implemented to focus on wider arms con- trol at the national and community levels. It is essential that all weapons are considered during a DDR process, even though the focus may initially be on those weapons held by armed forces and groups. For these reasons, the transitional WAM mechanisms established during DDR processes should be designed to be applicable and sustainable in broader arms control initiatives even after the DDR process has been completed. It is also critical that DDR-related transitional WAM and SALW control activities are strategically sequenced, and that a robust public awareness strategy based on clear messaging accompanies these efforts (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, MOSAIC 04.30 on Awareness Raising and IMAS 12.10 on Explosive Ordnance Risk Education).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":779, "Sentence":"Regional agreements, declarations and conventions have built upon and deepened the commitments contained within the PoA.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management regional agreement declaration convention built upon deepened commitment contained within poa ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Although DDR and SALW control are separate areas of engagement, technically they are very closely linked, particularly in DDR settings where transitional WAM overlaps with SALW control objectives, activities and target audiences. SALW remain particu- larly prevalent in many regions where DDR is implemented. Furthermore, the uncon- trolled circulation of SALW can impede the implementation of DDR processes and enable conflict (see the report of the Secretary General on SALW (S\/2019\/1011)). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with both national DDR commissions and SALW control bodies, if they exist, and both areas of work should be closely co- ordinated and strategically sequenced. For instance, the implementation of a weapons survey and the use of mortality and morbidity data from an ongoing injury surveil- lance national system could serve as the basis for the development of both DDR-related transitional WAM activities and SALW control strategy.The term \u2018SALW control\u2019 refers to those activities that together aim to reduce the security, social, economic and environmental impact of uncontrolled SALW proliferation, possession and circulation. These activities largely consist of, but are not limited to: \\n Cross-border control measures; \\n Information management and exchange; \\n Legislative and regulatory measures; \\n SALW awareness and outreach strategies; \\n SALW surveys and assessments; \\n SALW collection and registration, including utilization of relevant regional and international databases for cross-checking \\n SALW destruction; \\n Stockpile management; \\n Marking, recordkeeping and tracing.The international community, recognizing the need to deal with the challenges posed by the illicit trade in SALW, adopted the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/Conf.192\/15) in 2001 (PoA) (see section 5.2). In this framework, states commit themselves to, among other things, strengthen agreed norms and measures to help prevent and combat the illicit trade in SALW, and mobilize political will and resources in order to prevent the illicit transfer, manufacture, export and import of SALW. Regional agreements, declarations and conventions have built upon and deepened the commitments contained within the PoA. As a result, a number of countries around the world have set up SALW control programmes as well as institutional processes to implement them. SALW control programmes and activities should be designed and implemented in line with MOSAIC (see Annex B), which provides clear, practical and comprehensive guidance to practitioners and policymakers.During DDR, SALW control should be implemented to focus on wider arms con- trol at the national and community levels. It is essential that all weapons are considered during a DDR process, even though the focus may initially be on those weapons held by armed forces and groups. For these reasons, the transitional WAM mechanisms established during DDR processes should be designed to be applicable and sustainable in broader arms control initiatives even after the DDR process has been completed. It is also critical that DDR-related transitional WAM and SALW control activities are strategically sequenced, and that a robust public awareness strategy based on clear messaging accompanies these efforts (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, MOSAIC 04.30 on Awareness Raising and IMAS 12.10 on Explosive Ordnance Risk Education).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":779, "Sentence":"As a result, a number of countries around the world have set up SALW control programmes as well as institutional processes to implement them.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management result number country around world set salw control programme well institutional process implement ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Although DDR and SALW control are separate areas of engagement, technically they are very closely linked, particularly in DDR settings where transitional WAM overlaps with SALW control objectives, activities and target audiences. SALW remain particu- larly prevalent in many regions where DDR is implemented. Furthermore, the uncon- trolled circulation of SALW can impede the implementation of DDR processes and enable conflict (see the report of the Secretary General on SALW (S\/2019\/1011)). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with both national DDR commissions and SALW control bodies, if they exist, and both areas of work should be closely co- ordinated and strategically sequenced. For instance, the implementation of a weapons survey and the use of mortality and morbidity data from an ongoing injury surveil- lance national system could serve as the basis for the development of both DDR-related transitional WAM activities and SALW control strategy.The term \u2018SALW control\u2019 refers to those activities that together aim to reduce the security, social, economic and environmental impact of uncontrolled SALW proliferation, possession and circulation. These activities largely consist of, but are not limited to: \\n Cross-border control measures; \\n Information management and exchange; \\n Legislative and regulatory measures; \\n SALW awareness and outreach strategies; \\n SALW surveys and assessments; \\n SALW collection and registration, including utilization of relevant regional and international databases for cross-checking \\n SALW destruction; \\n Stockpile management; \\n Marking, recordkeeping and tracing.The international community, recognizing the need to deal with the challenges posed by the illicit trade in SALW, adopted the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/Conf.192\/15) in 2001 (PoA) (see section 5.2). In this framework, states commit themselves to, among other things, strengthen agreed norms and measures to help prevent and combat the illicit trade in SALW, and mobilize political will and resources in order to prevent the illicit transfer, manufacture, export and import of SALW. Regional agreements, declarations and conventions have built upon and deepened the commitments contained within the PoA. As a result, a number of countries around the world have set up SALW control programmes as well as institutional processes to implement them. SALW control programmes and activities should be designed and implemented in line with MOSAIC (see Annex B), which provides clear, practical and comprehensive guidance to practitioners and policymakers.During DDR, SALW control should be implemented to focus on wider arms con- trol at the national and community levels. It is essential that all weapons are considered during a DDR process, even though the focus may initially be on those weapons held by armed forces and groups. For these reasons, the transitional WAM mechanisms established during DDR processes should be designed to be applicable and sustainable in broader arms control initiatives even after the DDR process has been completed. It is also critical that DDR-related transitional WAM and SALW control activities are strategically sequenced, and that a robust public awareness strategy based on clear messaging accompanies these efforts (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, MOSAIC 04.30 on Awareness Raising and IMAS 12.10 on Explosive Ordnance Risk Education).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":779, "Sentence":"SALW control programmes and activities should be designed and implemented in line with MOSAIC (see Annex B), which provides clear, practical and comprehensive guidance to practitioners and policymakers.During DDR, SALW control should be implemented to focus on wider arms con- trol at the national and community levels.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management salw control programme activity designed implemented line mosaic see annex b provides clear practical comprehensive guidance practitioner policymakers.during ddr salw control implemented focus wider arm con trol national community level ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Although DDR and SALW control are separate areas of engagement, technically they are very closely linked, particularly in DDR settings where transitional WAM overlaps with SALW control objectives, activities and target audiences. SALW remain particu- larly prevalent in many regions where DDR is implemented. Furthermore, the uncon- trolled circulation of SALW can impede the implementation of DDR processes and enable conflict (see the report of the Secretary General on SALW (S\/2019\/1011)). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with both national DDR commissions and SALW control bodies, if they exist, and both areas of work should be closely co- ordinated and strategically sequenced. For instance, the implementation of a weapons survey and the use of mortality and morbidity data from an ongoing injury surveil- lance national system could serve as the basis for the development of both DDR-related transitional WAM activities and SALW control strategy.The term \u2018SALW control\u2019 refers to those activities that together aim to reduce the security, social, economic and environmental impact of uncontrolled SALW proliferation, possession and circulation. These activities largely consist of, but are not limited to: \\n Cross-border control measures; \\n Information management and exchange; \\n Legislative and regulatory measures; \\n SALW awareness and outreach strategies; \\n SALW surveys and assessments; \\n SALW collection and registration, including utilization of relevant regional and international databases for cross-checking \\n SALW destruction; \\n Stockpile management; \\n Marking, recordkeeping and tracing.The international community, recognizing the need to deal with the challenges posed by the illicit trade in SALW, adopted the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/Conf.192\/15) in 2001 (PoA) (see section 5.2). In this framework, states commit themselves to, among other things, strengthen agreed norms and measures to help prevent and combat the illicit trade in SALW, and mobilize political will and resources in order to prevent the illicit transfer, manufacture, export and import of SALW. Regional agreements, declarations and conventions have built upon and deepened the commitments contained within the PoA. As a result, a number of countries around the world have set up SALW control programmes as well as institutional processes to implement them. SALW control programmes and activities should be designed and implemented in line with MOSAIC (see Annex B), which provides clear, practical and comprehensive guidance to practitioners and policymakers.During DDR, SALW control should be implemented to focus on wider arms con- trol at the national and community levels. It is essential that all weapons are considered during a DDR process, even though the focus may initially be on those weapons held by armed forces and groups. For these reasons, the transitional WAM mechanisms established during DDR processes should be designed to be applicable and sustainable in broader arms control initiatives even after the DDR process has been completed. It is also critical that DDR-related transitional WAM and SALW control activities are strategically sequenced, and that a robust public awareness strategy based on clear messaging accompanies these efforts (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, MOSAIC 04.30 on Awareness Raising and IMAS 12.10 on Explosive Ordnance Risk Education).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":779, "Sentence":"It is essential that all weapons are considered during a DDR process, even though the focus may initially be on those weapons held by armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management essential weapon considered ddr process even though focus may initially weapon held armed force group ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Although DDR and SALW control are separate areas of engagement, technically they are very closely linked, particularly in DDR settings where transitional WAM overlaps with SALW control objectives, activities and target audiences. SALW remain particu- larly prevalent in many regions where DDR is implemented. Furthermore, the uncon- trolled circulation of SALW can impede the implementation of DDR processes and enable conflict (see the report of the Secretary General on SALW (S\/2019\/1011)). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with both national DDR commissions and SALW control bodies, if they exist, and both areas of work should be closely co- ordinated and strategically sequenced. For instance, the implementation of a weapons survey and the use of mortality and morbidity data from an ongoing injury surveil- lance national system could serve as the basis for the development of both DDR-related transitional WAM activities and SALW control strategy.The term \u2018SALW control\u2019 refers to those activities that together aim to reduce the security, social, economic and environmental impact of uncontrolled SALW proliferation, possession and circulation. These activities largely consist of, but are not limited to: \\n Cross-border control measures; \\n Information management and exchange; \\n Legislative and regulatory measures; \\n SALW awareness and outreach strategies; \\n SALW surveys and assessments; \\n SALW collection and registration, including utilization of relevant regional and international databases for cross-checking \\n SALW destruction; \\n Stockpile management; \\n Marking, recordkeeping and tracing.The international community, recognizing the need to deal with the challenges posed by the illicit trade in SALW, adopted the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/Conf.192\/15) in 2001 (PoA) (see section 5.2). In this framework, states commit themselves to, among other things, strengthen agreed norms and measures to help prevent and combat the illicit trade in SALW, and mobilize political will and resources in order to prevent the illicit transfer, manufacture, export and import of SALW. Regional agreements, declarations and conventions have built upon and deepened the commitments contained within the PoA. As a result, a number of countries around the world have set up SALW control programmes as well as institutional processes to implement them. SALW control programmes and activities should be designed and implemented in line with MOSAIC (see Annex B), which provides clear, practical and comprehensive guidance to practitioners and policymakers.During DDR, SALW control should be implemented to focus on wider arms con- trol at the national and community levels. It is essential that all weapons are considered during a DDR process, even though the focus may initially be on those weapons held by armed forces and groups. For these reasons, the transitional WAM mechanisms established during DDR processes should be designed to be applicable and sustainable in broader arms control initiatives even after the DDR process has been completed. It is also critical that DDR-related transitional WAM and SALW control activities are strategically sequenced, and that a robust public awareness strategy based on clear messaging accompanies these efforts (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, MOSAIC 04.30 on Awareness Raising and IMAS 12.10 on Explosive Ordnance Risk Education).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":779, "Sentence":"For these reasons, the transitional WAM mechanisms established during DDR processes should be designed to be applicable and sustainable in broader arms control initiatives even after the DDR process has been completed.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management reason transitional wam mechanism established ddr process designed applicable sustainable broader arm control initiative even ddr process completed ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Although DDR and SALW control are separate areas of engagement, technically they are very closely linked, particularly in DDR settings where transitional WAM overlaps with SALW control objectives, activities and target audiences. SALW remain particu- larly prevalent in many regions where DDR is implemented. Furthermore, the uncon- trolled circulation of SALW can impede the implementation of DDR processes and enable conflict (see the report of the Secretary General on SALW (S\/2019\/1011)). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with both national DDR commissions and SALW control bodies, if they exist, and both areas of work should be closely co- ordinated and strategically sequenced. For instance, the implementation of a weapons survey and the use of mortality and morbidity data from an ongoing injury surveil- lance national system could serve as the basis for the development of both DDR-related transitional WAM activities and SALW control strategy.The term \u2018SALW control\u2019 refers to those activities that together aim to reduce the security, social, economic and environmental impact of uncontrolled SALW proliferation, possession and circulation. These activities largely consist of, but are not limited to: \\n Cross-border control measures; \\n Information management and exchange; \\n Legislative and regulatory measures; \\n SALW awareness and outreach strategies; \\n SALW surveys and assessments; \\n SALW collection and registration, including utilization of relevant regional and international databases for cross-checking \\n SALW destruction; \\n Stockpile management; \\n Marking, recordkeeping and tracing.The international community, recognizing the need to deal with the challenges posed by the illicit trade in SALW, adopted the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/Conf.192\/15) in 2001 (PoA) (see section 5.2). In this framework, states commit themselves to, among other things, strengthen agreed norms and measures to help prevent and combat the illicit trade in SALW, and mobilize political will and resources in order to prevent the illicit transfer, manufacture, export and import of SALW. Regional agreements, declarations and conventions have built upon and deepened the commitments contained within the PoA. As a result, a number of countries around the world have set up SALW control programmes as well as institutional processes to implement them. SALW control programmes and activities should be designed and implemented in line with MOSAIC (see Annex B), which provides clear, practical and comprehensive guidance to practitioners and policymakers.During DDR, SALW control should be implemented to focus on wider arms con- trol at the national and community levels. It is essential that all weapons are considered during a DDR process, even though the focus may initially be on those weapons held by armed forces and groups. For these reasons, the transitional WAM mechanisms established during DDR processes should be designed to be applicable and sustainable in broader arms control initiatives even after the DDR process has been completed. It is also critical that DDR-related transitional WAM and SALW control activities are strategically sequenced, and that a robust public awareness strategy based on clear messaging accompanies these efforts (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, MOSAIC 04.30 on Awareness Raising and IMAS 12.10 on Explosive Ordnance Risk Education).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":779, "Sentence":"It is also critical that DDR-related transitional WAM and SALW control activities are strategically sequenced, and that a robust public awareness strategy based on clear messaging accompanies these efforts (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, MOSAIC 04.30 on Awareness Raising and IMAS 12.10 on Explosive Ordnance Risk Education).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management also critical ddrrelated transitional wam salw control activity strategically sequenced robust public awareness strategy based clear messaging accompanies effort see iddrs 4.10 disarmament mosaic 04.30 awareness raising imas 12.10 explosive ordnance risk education ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"8. SSR and transitional WAM", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"DDR-related transitional WAM may be implemented at the same time as the UN is providing support to SSR. The UN may support national authorities in the rightsizing of their armed forces (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR). Such reforms include the need to adapt national arsenals to the size, needs and objectives of the security sector of the country in question. This requires an effective needs assessment, strategic planning, and the technical capacity and support to identify surplus or obsolete materiel and destroy it.When SSR is ongoing, DDR-related transitional WAM may be used as an entry point to align national WAM capacity with international WAM guidance and inter- national and regional legal frameworks. For instance, storage facilities built or refur- bished to store DDR materiel could then be used to house stockpiles for security insti- tutions, and as a proof of concept for upgrading of facilities. All WAM activities shall be designed and implemented in line with international technical guidance, including MOSAIC Module 02.20 Small Arms and Light Weapons Control in the Context of SSR and the IATG.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":780, "Sentence":"DDR-related transitional WAM may be implemented at the same time as the UN is providing support to SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management ddrrelated transitional wam may implemented time un providing support ssr ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"8. SSR and transitional WAM", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"DDR-related transitional WAM may be implemented at the same time as the UN is providing support to SSR. The UN may support national authorities in the rightsizing of their armed forces (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR). Such reforms include the need to adapt national arsenals to the size, needs and objectives of the security sector of the country in question. This requires an effective needs assessment, strategic planning, and the technical capacity and support to identify surplus or obsolete materiel and destroy it.When SSR is ongoing, DDR-related transitional WAM may be used as an entry point to align national WAM capacity with international WAM guidance and inter- national and regional legal frameworks. For instance, storage facilities built or refur- bished to store DDR materiel could then be used to house stockpiles for security insti- tutions, and as a proof of concept for upgrading of facilities. All WAM activities shall be designed and implemented in line with international technical guidance, including MOSAIC Module 02.20 Small Arms and Light Weapons Control in the Context of SSR and the IATG.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":780, "Sentence":"The UN may support national authorities in the rightsizing of their armed forces (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management un may support national authority rightsizing armed force see iddrs 6.10 ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"8. SSR and transitional WAM", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"DDR-related transitional WAM may be implemented at the same time as the UN is providing support to SSR. The UN may support national authorities in the rightsizing of their armed forces (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR). Such reforms include the need to adapt national arsenals to the size, needs and objectives of the security sector of the country in question. This requires an effective needs assessment, strategic planning, and the technical capacity and support to identify surplus or obsolete materiel and destroy it.When SSR is ongoing, DDR-related transitional WAM may be used as an entry point to align national WAM capacity with international WAM guidance and inter- national and regional legal frameworks. For instance, storage facilities built or refur- bished to store DDR materiel could then be used to house stockpiles for security insti- tutions, and as a proof of concept for upgrading of facilities. All WAM activities shall be designed and implemented in line with international technical guidance, including MOSAIC Module 02.20 Small Arms and Light Weapons Control in the Context of SSR and the IATG.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":780, "Sentence":"Such reforms include the need to adapt national arsenals to the size, needs and objectives of the security sector of the country in question.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management reform include need adapt national arsenal size need objective security sector country question ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"8. SSR and transitional WAM", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"DDR-related transitional WAM may be implemented at the same time as the UN is providing support to SSR. The UN may support national authorities in the rightsizing of their armed forces (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR). Such reforms include the need to adapt national arsenals to the size, needs and objectives of the security sector of the country in question. This requires an effective needs assessment, strategic planning, and the technical capacity and support to identify surplus or obsolete materiel and destroy it.When SSR is ongoing, DDR-related transitional WAM may be used as an entry point to align national WAM capacity with international WAM guidance and inter- national and regional legal frameworks. For instance, storage facilities built or refur- bished to store DDR materiel could then be used to house stockpiles for security insti- tutions, and as a proof of concept for upgrading of facilities. All WAM activities shall be designed and implemented in line with international technical guidance, including MOSAIC Module 02.20 Small Arms and Light Weapons Control in the Context of SSR and the IATG.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":780, "Sentence":"This requires an effective needs assessment, strategic planning, and the technical capacity and support to identify surplus or obsolete materiel and destroy it.When SSR is ongoing, DDR-related transitional WAM may be used as an entry point to align national WAM capacity with international WAM guidance and inter- national and regional legal frameworks.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management requires effective need assessment strategic planning technical capacity support identify surplus obsolete materiel destroy it.when ssr ongoing ddrrelated transitional wam may used entry point align national wam capacity international wam guidance inter national regional legal framework ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"8. SSR and transitional WAM", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"DDR-related transitional WAM may be implemented at the same time as the UN is providing support to SSR. The UN may support national authorities in the rightsizing of their armed forces (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR). Such reforms include the need to adapt national arsenals to the size, needs and objectives of the security sector of the country in question. This requires an effective needs assessment, strategic planning, and the technical capacity and support to identify surplus or obsolete materiel and destroy it.When SSR is ongoing, DDR-related transitional WAM may be used as an entry point to align national WAM capacity with international WAM guidance and inter- national and regional legal frameworks. For instance, storage facilities built or refur- bished to store DDR materiel could then be used to house stockpiles for security insti- tutions, and as a proof of concept for upgrading of facilities. All WAM activities shall be designed and implemented in line with international technical guidance, including MOSAIC Module 02.20 Small Arms and Light Weapons Control in the Context of SSR and the IATG.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":780, "Sentence":"For instance, storage facilities built or refur- bished to store DDR materiel could then be used to house stockpiles for security insti- tutions, and as a proof of concept for upgrading of facilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management instance storage facility built refur bished store ddr materiel could used house stockpile security insti tutions proof concept upgrading facility ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"8. SSR and transitional WAM", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"DDR-related transitional WAM may be implemented at the same time as the UN is providing support to SSR. The UN may support national authorities in the rightsizing of their armed forces (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR). Such reforms include the need to adapt national arsenals to the size, needs and objectives of the security sector of the country in question. This requires an effective needs assessment, strategic planning, and the technical capacity and support to identify surplus or obsolete materiel and destroy it.When SSR is ongoing, DDR-related transitional WAM may be used as an entry point to align national WAM capacity with international WAM guidance and inter- national and regional legal frameworks. For instance, storage facilities built or refur- bished to store DDR materiel could then be used to house stockpiles for security insti- tutions, and as a proof of concept for upgrading of facilities. All WAM activities shall be designed and implemented in line with international technical guidance, including MOSAIC Module 02.20 Small Arms and Light Weapons Control in the Context of SSR and the IATG.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":780, "Sentence":"All WAM activities shall be designed and implemented in line with international technical guidance, including MOSAIC Module 02.20 Small Arms and Light Weapons Control in the Context of SSR and the IATG.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management wam activity shall designed implemented line international technical guidance including mosaic module 02.20 small arm light weapon control context ssr iatg ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Annex B: Normative documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The following normative documents (i.e., documents containing applicable norms, standards and guidelines) contain provisions that apply to the processes dealt with in this module. \\n International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/ un-saferguard\/guide-lines. \\n International Standards Organization, ISO Guide 51: \u2018Safety Aspects: Guidelines for Their Inclusion in Standards\u2019. \\n Modular Small-arms-control Implementation Compendium, https:\/\/www.un.org\/ disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n Small Arms Survey and South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms (SEESAC), SALW Survey Protocols, http:\/\/www.seesac.org\/ Survey-Protocols. \\n Weapons and Ammunition Management Policy, United Nations Department of Operational Support, Department of Peace Operations, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, Department of Safety and Security, 2019. http:\/\/dag.un.org\/ bitstream\/handle\/11176\/400906\/Weapons%20and%20Ammunition%20Policy.pdf. \\n UN Department of Political Affairs and UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Aide Memoire \u2013 Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes: Considerations for UN Mediators and Missions, 2017. \\n UN Development Programme, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in DDR, 2012. \\n UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UN Office for Disarmament Af- fairs. Effective Weapons and Ammunition Management in a Changing Disarma- ment, Demobilization and Reintegration Context. Handbook for United Nations DDR practitioners. 2018. Referred as \u2018DDR WAM Handbook\u2019 in this standard. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, Utilizing the International Ammunition Tech- nical Guidelines in Conflict-Affected and Low-Capacity Environments, 2019, http:\/\/ www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/utilizing-the-international-ammunition-tech- nical-guidelines-in-conflict-affected-and-low-capacity-environments-en-749.pdf. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, The Role of Weapon and Ammunition Management in Preventing Conflict and Supporting Security Transition, 2019, https:\/\/www.unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-manage- ment-preventing-conflict-and-supporting-security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":781, "Sentence":"The following normative documents (i.e., documents containing applicable norms, standards and guidelines) contain provisions that apply to the processes dealt with in this module.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management following normative document i.e . document containing applicable norm standard guideline contain provision apply process dealt module ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Annex B: Normative documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The following normative documents (i.e., documents containing applicable norms, standards and guidelines) contain provisions that apply to the processes dealt with in this module. \\n International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/ un-saferguard\/guide-lines. \\n International Standards Organization, ISO Guide 51: \u2018Safety Aspects: Guidelines for Their Inclusion in Standards\u2019. \\n Modular Small-arms-control Implementation Compendium, https:\/\/www.un.org\/ disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n Small Arms Survey and South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms (SEESAC), SALW Survey Protocols, http:\/\/www.seesac.org\/ Survey-Protocols. \\n Weapons and Ammunition Management Policy, United Nations Department of Operational Support, Department of Peace Operations, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, Department of Safety and Security, 2019. http:\/\/dag.un.org\/ bitstream\/handle\/11176\/400906\/Weapons%20and%20Ammunition%20Policy.pdf. \\n UN Department of Political Affairs and UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Aide Memoire \u2013 Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes: Considerations for UN Mediators and Missions, 2017. \\n UN Development Programme, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in DDR, 2012. \\n UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UN Office for Disarmament Af- fairs. Effective Weapons and Ammunition Management in a Changing Disarma- ment, Demobilization and Reintegration Context. Handbook for United Nations DDR practitioners. 2018. Referred as \u2018DDR WAM Handbook\u2019 in this standard. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, Utilizing the International Ammunition Tech- nical Guidelines in Conflict-Affected and Low-Capacity Environments, 2019, http:\/\/ www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/utilizing-the-international-ammunition-tech- nical-guidelines-in-conflict-affected-and-low-capacity-environments-en-749.pdf. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, The Role of Weapon and Ammunition Management in Preventing Conflict and Supporting Security Transition, 2019, https:\/\/www.unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-manage- ment-preventing-conflict-and-supporting-security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":781, "Sentence":"\\n International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/ un-saferguard\/guide-lines.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n international ammunition technical guideline https\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/ unsaferguard\/guidelines ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Annex B: Normative documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The following normative documents (i.e., documents containing applicable norms, standards and guidelines) contain provisions that apply to the processes dealt with in this module. \\n International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/ un-saferguard\/guide-lines. \\n International Standards Organization, ISO Guide 51: \u2018Safety Aspects: Guidelines for Their Inclusion in Standards\u2019. \\n Modular Small-arms-control Implementation Compendium, https:\/\/www.un.org\/ disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n Small Arms Survey and South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms (SEESAC), SALW Survey Protocols, http:\/\/www.seesac.org\/ Survey-Protocols. \\n Weapons and Ammunition Management Policy, United Nations Department of Operational Support, Department of Peace Operations, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, Department of Safety and Security, 2019. http:\/\/dag.un.org\/ bitstream\/handle\/11176\/400906\/Weapons%20and%20Ammunition%20Policy.pdf. \\n UN Department of Political Affairs and UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Aide Memoire \u2013 Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes: Considerations for UN Mediators and Missions, 2017. \\n UN Development Programme, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in DDR, 2012. \\n UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UN Office for Disarmament Af- fairs. Effective Weapons and Ammunition Management in a Changing Disarma- ment, Demobilization and Reintegration Context. Handbook for United Nations DDR practitioners. 2018. Referred as \u2018DDR WAM Handbook\u2019 in this standard. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, Utilizing the International Ammunition Tech- nical Guidelines in Conflict-Affected and Low-Capacity Environments, 2019, http:\/\/ www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/utilizing-the-international-ammunition-tech- nical-guidelines-in-conflict-affected-and-low-capacity-environments-en-749.pdf. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, The Role of Weapon and Ammunition Management in Preventing Conflict and Supporting Security Transition, 2019, https:\/\/www.unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-manage- ment-preventing-conflict-and-supporting-security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":781, "Sentence":"\\n International Standards Organization, ISO Guide 51: \u2018Safety Aspects: Guidelines for Their Inclusion in Standards\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n international standard organization iso guide 51 \u2018 safety aspect guideline inclusion standard \u2019 ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Annex B: Normative documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The following normative documents (i.e., documents containing applicable norms, standards and guidelines) contain provisions that apply to the processes dealt with in this module. \\n International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/ un-saferguard\/guide-lines. \\n International Standards Organization, ISO Guide 51: \u2018Safety Aspects: Guidelines for Their Inclusion in Standards\u2019. \\n Modular Small-arms-control Implementation Compendium, https:\/\/www.un.org\/ disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n Small Arms Survey and South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms (SEESAC), SALW Survey Protocols, http:\/\/www.seesac.org\/ Survey-Protocols. \\n Weapons and Ammunition Management Policy, United Nations Department of Operational Support, Department of Peace Operations, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, Department of Safety and Security, 2019. http:\/\/dag.un.org\/ bitstream\/handle\/11176\/400906\/Weapons%20and%20Ammunition%20Policy.pdf. \\n UN Department of Political Affairs and UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Aide Memoire \u2013 Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes: Considerations for UN Mediators and Missions, 2017. \\n UN Development Programme, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in DDR, 2012. \\n UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UN Office for Disarmament Af- fairs. Effective Weapons and Ammunition Management in a Changing Disarma- ment, Demobilization and Reintegration Context. Handbook for United Nations DDR practitioners. 2018. Referred as \u2018DDR WAM Handbook\u2019 in this standard. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, Utilizing the International Ammunition Tech- nical Guidelines in Conflict-Affected and Low-Capacity Environments, 2019, http:\/\/ www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/utilizing-the-international-ammunition-tech- nical-guidelines-in-conflict-affected-and-low-capacity-environments-en-749.pdf. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, The Role of Weapon and Ammunition Management in Preventing Conflict and Supporting Security Transition, 2019, https:\/\/www.unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-manage- ment-preventing-conflict-and-supporting-security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":781, "Sentence":"\\n Modular Small-arms-control Implementation Compendium, https:\/\/www.un.org\/ disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n modular smallarmscontrol implementation compendium https\/\/www.un.org\/ disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Annex B: Normative documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The following normative documents (i.e., documents containing applicable norms, standards and guidelines) contain provisions that apply to the processes dealt with in this module. \\n International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/ un-saferguard\/guide-lines. \\n International Standards Organization, ISO Guide 51: \u2018Safety Aspects: Guidelines for Their Inclusion in Standards\u2019. \\n Modular Small-arms-control Implementation Compendium, https:\/\/www.un.org\/ disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n Small Arms Survey and South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms (SEESAC), SALW Survey Protocols, http:\/\/www.seesac.org\/ Survey-Protocols. \\n Weapons and Ammunition Management Policy, United Nations Department of Operational Support, Department of Peace Operations, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, Department of Safety and Security, 2019. http:\/\/dag.un.org\/ bitstream\/handle\/11176\/400906\/Weapons%20and%20Ammunition%20Policy.pdf. \\n UN Department of Political Affairs and UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Aide Memoire \u2013 Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes: Considerations for UN Mediators and Missions, 2017. \\n UN Development Programme, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in DDR, 2012. \\n UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UN Office for Disarmament Af- fairs. Effective Weapons and Ammunition Management in a Changing Disarma- ment, Demobilization and Reintegration Context. Handbook for United Nations DDR practitioners. 2018. Referred as \u2018DDR WAM Handbook\u2019 in this standard. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, Utilizing the International Ammunition Tech- nical Guidelines in Conflict-Affected and Low-Capacity Environments, 2019, http:\/\/ www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/utilizing-the-international-ammunition-tech- nical-guidelines-in-conflict-affected-and-low-capacity-environments-en-749.pdf. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, The Role of Weapon and Ammunition Management in Preventing Conflict and Supporting Security Transition, 2019, https:\/\/www.unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-manage- ment-preventing-conflict-and-supporting-security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":781, "Sentence":"\\n Small Arms Survey and South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms (SEESAC), SALW Survey Protocols, http:\/\/www.seesac.org\/ Survey-Protocols.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n small arm survey south eastern eastern europe clearinghouse control small arm seesac salw survey protocol http\/\/www.seesac.org\/ surveyprotocols ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Annex B: Normative documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The following normative documents (i.e., documents containing applicable norms, standards and guidelines) contain provisions that apply to the processes dealt with in this module. \\n International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/ un-saferguard\/guide-lines. \\n International Standards Organization, ISO Guide 51: \u2018Safety Aspects: Guidelines for Their Inclusion in Standards\u2019. \\n Modular Small-arms-control Implementation Compendium, https:\/\/www.un.org\/ disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n Small Arms Survey and South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms (SEESAC), SALW Survey Protocols, http:\/\/www.seesac.org\/ Survey-Protocols. \\n Weapons and Ammunition Management Policy, United Nations Department of Operational Support, Department of Peace Operations, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, Department of Safety and Security, 2019. http:\/\/dag.un.org\/ bitstream\/handle\/11176\/400906\/Weapons%20and%20Ammunition%20Policy.pdf. \\n UN Department of Political Affairs and UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Aide Memoire \u2013 Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes: Considerations for UN Mediators and Missions, 2017. \\n UN Development Programme, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in DDR, 2012. \\n UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UN Office for Disarmament Af- fairs. Effective Weapons and Ammunition Management in a Changing Disarma- ment, Demobilization and Reintegration Context. Handbook for United Nations DDR practitioners. 2018. Referred as \u2018DDR WAM Handbook\u2019 in this standard. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, Utilizing the International Ammunition Tech- nical Guidelines in Conflict-Affected and Low-Capacity Environments, 2019, http:\/\/ www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/utilizing-the-international-ammunition-tech- nical-guidelines-in-conflict-affected-and-low-capacity-environments-en-749.pdf. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, The Role of Weapon and Ammunition Management in Preventing Conflict and Supporting Security Transition, 2019, https:\/\/www.unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-manage- ment-preventing-conflict-and-supporting-security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":781, "Sentence":"\\n Weapons and Ammunition Management Policy, United Nations Department of Operational Support, Department of Peace Operations, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, Department of Safety and Security, 2019. http:\/\/dag.un.org\/ bitstream\/handle\/11176\/400906\/Weapons%20and%20Ammunition%20Policy.pdf.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n weapon ammunition management policy united nation department operational support department peace operation department political peacebuilding affair department safety security 2019. http\/\/dag.un.org\/ bitstream\/handle\/11176\/400906\/weapons20and20ammunition20policy.pdf ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Annex B: Normative documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The following normative documents (i.e., documents containing applicable norms, standards and guidelines) contain provisions that apply to the processes dealt with in this module. \\n International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/ un-saferguard\/guide-lines. \\n International Standards Organization, ISO Guide 51: \u2018Safety Aspects: Guidelines for Their Inclusion in Standards\u2019. \\n Modular Small-arms-control Implementation Compendium, https:\/\/www.un.org\/ disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n Small Arms Survey and South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms (SEESAC), SALW Survey Protocols, http:\/\/www.seesac.org\/ Survey-Protocols. \\n Weapons and Ammunition Management Policy, United Nations Department of Operational Support, Department of Peace Operations, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, Department of Safety and Security, 2019. http:\/\/dag.un.org\/ bitstream\/handle\/11176\/400906\/Weapons%20and%20Ammunition%20Policy.pdf. \\n UN Department of Political Affairs and UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Aide Memoire \u2013 Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes: Considerations for UN Mediators and Missions, 2017. \\n UN Development Programme, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in DDR, 2012. \\n UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UN Office for Disarmament Af- fairs. Effective Weapons and Ammunition Management in a Changing Disarma- ment, Demobilization and Reintegration Context. Handbook for United Nations DDR practitioners. 2018. Referred as \u2018DDR WAM Handbook\u2019 in this standard. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, Utilizing the International Ammunition Tech- nical Guidelines in Conflict-Affected and Low-Capacity Environments, 2019, http:\/\/ www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/utilizing-the-international-ammunition-tech- nical-guidelines-in-conflict-affected-and-low-capacity-environments-en-749.pdf. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, The Role of Weapon and Ammunition Management in Preventing Conflict and Supporting Security Transition, 2019, https:\/\/www.unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-manage- ment-preventing-conflict-and-supporting-security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":781, "Sentence":"\\n UN Department of Political Affairs and UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Aide Memoire \u2013 Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes: Considerations for UN Mediators and Missions, 2017.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n un department political affair un department peacekeeping operation aide memoire \u2013 engaging nonstate armed group nsags political purpose consideration un mediator mission 2017 ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Annex B: Normative documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The following normative documents (i.e., documents containing applicable norms, standards and guidelines) contain provisions that apply to the processes dealt with in this module. \\n International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/ un-saferguard\/guide-lines. \\n International Standards Organization, ISO Guide 51: \u2018Safety Aspects: Guidelines for Their Inclusion in Standards\u2019. \\n Modular Small-arms-control Implementation Compendium, https:\/\/www.un.org\/ disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n Small Arms Survey and South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms (SEESAC), SALW Survey Protocols, http:\/\/www.seesac.org\/ Survey-Protocols. \\n Weapons and Ammunition Management Policy, United Nations Department of Operational Support, Department of Peace Operations, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, Department of Safety and Security, 2019. http:\/\/dag.un.org\/ bitstream\/handle\/11176\/400906\/Weapons%20and%20Ammunition%20Policy.pdf. \\n UN Department of Political Affairs and UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Aide Memoire \u2013 Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes: Considerations for UN Mediators and Missions, 2017. \\n UN Development Programme, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in DDR, 2012. \\n UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UN Office for Disarmament Af- fairs. Effective Weapons and Ammunition Management in a Changing Disarma- ment, Demobilization and Reintegration Context. Handbook for United Nations DDR practitioners. 2018. Referred as \u2018DDR WAM Handbook\u2019 in this standard. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, Utilizing the International Ammunition Tech- nical Guidelines in Conflict-Affected and Low-Capacity Environments, 2019, http:\/\/ www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/utilizing-the-international-ammunition-tech- nical-guidelines-in-conflict-affected-and-low-capacity-environments-en-749.pdf. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, The Role of Weapon and Ammunition Management in Preventing Conflict and Supporting Security Transition, 2019, https:\/\/www.unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-manage- ment-preventing-conflict-and-supporting-security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":781, "Sentence":"\\n UN Development Programme, Blame It on the War?", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n un development programme blame war" }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Annex B: Normative documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The following normative documents (i.e., documents containing applicable norms, standards and guidelines) contain provisions that apply to the processes dealt with in this module. \\n International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/ un-saferguard\/guide-lines. \\n International Standards Organization, ISO Guide 51: \u2018Safety Aspects: Guidelines for Their Inclusion in Standards\u2019. \\n Modular Small-arms-control Implementation Compendium, https:\/\/www.un.org\/ disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n Small Arms Survey and South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms (SEESAC), SALW Survey Protocols, http:\/\/www.seesac.org\/ Survey-Protocols. \\n Weapons and Ammunition Management Policy, United Nations Department of Operational Support, Department of Peace Operations, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, Department of Safety and Security, 2019. http:\/\/dag.un.org\/ bitstream\/handle\/11176\/400906\/Weapons%20and%20Ammunition%20Policy.pdf. \\n UN Department of Political Affairs and UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Aide Memoire \u2013 Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes: Considerations for UN Mediators and Missions, 2017. \\n UN Development Programme, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in DDR, 2012. \\n UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UN Office for Disarmament Af- fairs. Effective Weapons and Ammunition Management in a Changing Disarma- ment, Demobilization and Reintegration Context. Handbook for United Nations DDR practitioners. 2018. Referred as \u2018DDR WAM Handbook\u2019 in this standard. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, Utilizing the International Ammunition Tech- nical Guidelines in Conflict-Affected and Low-Capacity Environments, 2019, http:\/\/ www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/utilizing-the-international-ammunition-tech- nical-guidelines-in-conflict-affected-and-low-capacity-environments-en-749.pdf. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, The Role of Weapon and Ammunition Management in Preventing Conflict and Supporting Security Transition, 2019, https:\/\/www.unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-manage- ment-preventing-conflict-and-supporting-security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":781, "Sentence":"The Gender Dimensions of Violence in DDR, 2012.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management gender dimension violence ddr 2012 ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Annex B: Normative documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The following normative documents (i.e., documents containing applicable norms, standards and guidelines) contain provisions that apply to the processes dealt with in this module. \\n International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/ un-saferguard\/guide-lines. \\n International Standards Organization, ISO Guide 51: \u2018Safety Aspects: Guidelines for Their Inclusion in Standards\u2019. \\n Modular Small-arms-control Implementation Compendium, https:\/\/www.un.org\/ disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n Small Arms Survey and South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms (SEESAC), SALW Survey Protocols, http:\/\/www.seesac.org\/ Survey-Protocols. \\n Weapons and Ammunition Management Policy, United Nations Department of Operational Support, Department of Peace Operations, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, Department of Safety and Security, 2019. http:\/\/dag.un.org\/ bitstream\/handle\/11176\/400906\/Weapons%20and%20Ammunition%20Policy.pdf. \\n UN Department of Political Affairs and UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Aide Memoire \u2013 Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes: Considerations for UN Mediators and Missions, 2017. \\n UN Development Programme, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in DDR, 2012. \\n UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UN Office for Disarmament Af- fairs. Effective Weapons and Ammunition Management in a Changing Disarma- ment, Demobilization and Reintegration Context. Handbook for United Nations DDR practitioners. 2018. Referred as \u2018DDR WAM Handbook\u2019 in this standard. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, Utilizing the International Ammunition Tech- nical Guidelines in Conflict-Affected and Low-Capacity Environments, 2019, http:\/\/ www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/utilizing-the-international-ammunition-tech- nical-guidelines-in-conflict-affected-and-low-capacity-environments-en-749.pdf. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, The Role of Weapon and Ammunition Management in Preventing Conflict and Supporting Security Transition, 2019, https:\/\/www.unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-manage- ment-preventing-conflict-and-supporting-security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":781, "Sentence":"\\n UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UN Office for Disarmament Af- fairs.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n un department peacekeeping operation un office disarmament af fair ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Annex B: Normative documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The following normative documents (i.e., documents containing applicable norms, standards and guidelines) contain provisions that apply to the processes dealt with in this module. \\n International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/ un-saferguard\/guide-lines. \\n International Standards Organization, ISO Guide 51: \u2018Safety Aspects: Guidelines for Their Inclusion in Standards\u2019. \\n Modular Small-arms-control Implementation Compendium, https:\/\/www.un.org\/ disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n Small Arms Survey and South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms (SEESAC), SALW Survey Protocols, http:\/\/www.seesac.org\/ Survey-Protocols. \\n Weapons and Ammunition Management Policy, United Nations Department of Operational Support, Department of Peace Operations, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, Department of Safety and Security, 2019. http:\/\/dag.un.org\/ bitstream\/handle\/11176\/400906\/Weapons%20and%20Ammunition%20Policy.pdf. \\n UN Department of Political Affairs and UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Aide Memoire \u2013 Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes: Considerations for UN Mediators and Missions, 2017. \\n UN Development Programme, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in DDR, 2012. \\n UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UN Office for Disarmament Af- fairs. Effective Weapons and Ammunition Management in a Changing Disarma- ment, Demobilization and Reintegration Context. Handbook for United Nations DDR practitioners. 2018. Referred as \u2018DDR WAM Handbook\u2019 in this standard. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, Utilizing the International Ammunition Tech- nical Guidelines in Conflict-Affected and Low-Capacity Environments, 2019, http:\/\/ www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/utilizing-the-international-ammunition-tech- nical-guidelines-in-conflict-affected-and-low-capacity-environments-en-749.pdf. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, The Role of Weapon and Ammunition Management in Preventing Conflict and Supporting Security Transition, 2019, https:\/\/www.unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-manage- ment-preventing-conflict-and-supporting-security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":781, "Sentence":"Effective Weapons and Ammunition Management in a Changing Disarma- ment, Demobilization and Reintegration Context.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management effective weapon ammunition management changing disarma ment demobilization reintegration context ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Annex B: Normative documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The following normative documents (i.e., documents containing applicable norms, standards and guidelines) contain provisions that apply to the processes dealt with in this module. \\n International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/ un-saferguard\/guide-lines. \\n International Standards Organization, ISO Guide 51: \u2018Safety Aspects: Guidelines for Their Inclusion in Standards\u2019. \\n Modular Small-arms-control Implementation Compendium, https:\/\/www.un.org\/ disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n Small Arms Survey and South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms (SEESAC), SALW Survey Protocols, http:\/\/www.seesac.org\/ Survey-Protocols. \\n Weapons and Ammunition Management Policy, United Nations Department of Operational Support, Department of Peace Operations, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, Department of Safety and Security, 2019. http:\/\/dag.un.org\/ bitstream\/handle\/11176\/400906\/Weapons%20and%20Ammunition%20Policy.pdf. \\n UN Department of Political Affairs and UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Aide Memoire \u2013 Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes: Considerations for UN Mediators and Missions, 2017. \\n UN Development Programme, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in DDR, 2012. \\n UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UN Office for Disarmament Af- fairs. Effective Weapons and Ammunition Management in a Changing Disarma- ment, Demobilization and Reintegration Context. Handbook for United Nations DDR practitioners. 2018. Referred as \u2018DDR WAM Handbook\u2019 in this standard. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, Utilizing the International Ammunition Tech- nical Guidelines in Conflict-Affected and Low-Capacity Environments, 2019, http:\/\/ www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/utilizing-the-international-ammunition-tech- nical-guidelines-in-conflict-affected-and-low-capacity-environments-en-749.pdf. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, The Role of Weapon and Ammunition Management in Preventing Conflict and Supporting Security Transition, 2019, https:\/\/www.unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-manage- ment-preventing-conflict-and-supporting-security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":781, "Sentence":"Handbook for United Nations DDR practitioners.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management handbook united nation ddr practitioner ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Annex B: Normative documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The following normative documents (i.e., documents containing applicable norms, standards and guidelines) contain provisions that apply to the processes dealt with in this module. \\n International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/ un-saferguard\/guide-lines. \\n International Standards Organization, ISO Guide 51: \u2018Safety Aspects: Guidelines for Their Inclusion in Standards\u2019. \\n Modular Small-arms-control Implementation Compendium, https:\/\/www.un.org\/ disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n Small Arms Survey and South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms (SEESAC), SALW Survey Protocols, http:\/\/www.seesac.org\/ Survey-Protocols. \\n Weapons and Ammunition Management Policy, United Nations Department of Operational Support, Department of Peace Operations, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, Department of Safety and Security, 2019. http:\/\/dag.un.org\/ bitstream\/handle\/11176\/400906\/Weapons%20and%20Ammunition%20Policy.pdf. \\n UN Department of Political Affairs and UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Aide Memoire \u2013 Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes: Considerations for UN Mediators and Missions, 2017. \\n UN Development Programme, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in DDR, 2012. \\n UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UN Office for Disarmament Af- fairs. Effective Weapons and Ammunition Management in a Changing Disarma- ment, Demobilization and Reintegration Context. Handbook for United Nations DDR practitioners. 2018. Referred as \u2018DDR WAM Handbook\u2019 in this standard. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, Utilizing the International Ammunition Tech- nical Guidelines in Conflict-Affected and Low-Capacity Environments, 2019, http:\/\/ www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/utilizing-the-international-ammunition-tech- nical-guidelines-in-conflict-affected-and-low-capacity-environments-en-749.pdf. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, The Role of Weapon and Ammunition Management in Preventing Conflict and Supporting Security Transition, 2019, https:\/\/www.unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-manage- ment-preventing-conflict-and-supporting-security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":781, "Sentence":"2018.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management 2018 ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Annex B: Normative documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The following normative documents (i.e., documents containing applicable norms, standards and guidelines) contain provisions that apply to the processes dealt with in this module. \\n International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/ un-saferguard\/guide-lines. \\n International Standards Organization, ISO Guide 51: \u2018Safety Aspects: Guidelines for Their Inclusion in Standards\u2019. \\n Modular Small-arms-control Implementation Compendium, https:\/\/www.un.org\/ disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n Small Arms Survey and South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms (SEESAC), SALW Survey Protocols, http:\/\/www.seesac.org\/ Survey-Protocols. \\n Weapons and Ammunition Management Policy, United Nations Department of Operational Support, Department of Peace Operations, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, Department of Safety and Security, 2019. http:\/\/dag.un.org\/ bitstream\/handle\/11176\/400906\/Weapons%20and%20Ammunition%20Policy.pdf. \\n UN Department of Political Affairs and UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Aide Memoire \u2013 Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes: Considerations for UN Mediators and Missions, 2017. \\n UN Development Programme, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in DDR, 2012. \\n UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UN Office for Disarmament Af- fairs. Effective Weapons and Ammunition Management in a Changing Disarma- ment, Demobilization and Reintegration Context. Handbook for United Nations DDR practitioners. 2018. Referred as \u2018DDR WAM Handbook\u2019 in this standard. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, Utilizing the International Ammunition Tech- nical Guidelines in Conflict-Affected and Low-Capacity Environments, 2019, http:\/\/ www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/utilizing-the-international-ammunition-tech- nical-guidelines-in-conflict-affected-and-low-capacity-environments-en-749.pdf. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, The Role of Weapon and Ammunition Management in Preventing Conflict and Supporting Security Transition, 2019, https:\/\/www.unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-manage- ment-preventing-conflict-and-supporting-security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":781, "Sentence":"Referred as \u2018DDR WAM Handbook\u2019 in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management referred \u2018 ddr wam handbook \u2019 standard ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Annex B: Normative documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The following normative documents (i.e., documents containing applicable norms, standards and guidelines) contain provisions that apply to the processes dealt with in this module. \\n International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/ un-saferguard\/guide-lines. \\n International Standards Organization, ISO Guide 51: \u2018Safety Aspects: Guidelines for Their Inclusion in Standards\u2019. \\n Modular Small-arms-control Implementation Compendium, https:\/\/www.un.org\/ disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n Small Arms Survey and South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms (SEESAC), SALW Survey Protocols, http:\/\/www.seesac.org\/ Survey-Protocols. \\n Weapons and Ammunition Management Policy, United Nations Department of Operational Support, Department of Peace Operations, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, Department of Safety and Security, 2019. http:\/\/dag.un.org\/ bitstream\/handle\/11176\/400906\/Weapons%20and%20Ammunition%20Policy.pdf. \\n UN Department of Political Affairs and UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Aide Memoire \u2013 Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes: Considerations for UN Mediators and Missions, 2017. \\n UN Development Programme, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in DDR, 2012. \\n UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UN Office for Disarmament Af- fairs. Effective Weapons and Ammunition Management in a Changing Disarma- ment, Demobilization and Reintegration Context. Handbook for United Nations DDR practitioners. 2018. Referred as \u2018DDR WAM Handbook\u2019 in this standard. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, Utilizing the International Ammunition Tech- nical Guidelines in Conflict-Affected and Low-Capacity Environments, 2019, http:\/\/ www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/utilizing-the-international-ammunition-tech- nical-guidelines-in-conflict-affected-and-low-capacity-environments-en-749.pdf. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, The Role of Weapon and Ammunition Management in Preventing Conflict and Supporting Security Transition, 2019, https:\/\/www.unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-manage- ment-preventing-conflict-and-supporting-security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":781, "Sentence":"\\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, Utilizing the International Ammunition Tech- nical Guidelines in Conflict-Affected and Low-Capacity Environments, 2019, http:\/\/ www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/utilizing-the-international-ammunition-tech- nical-guidelines-in-conflict-affected-and-low-capacity-environments-en-749.pdf.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n un institute disarmament research utilizing international ammunition tech nical guideline conflictaffected lowcapacity environment 2019 http\/\/ www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/utilizingtheinternationalammunitiontech nicalguidelinesinconflictaffectedandlowcapacityenvironmentsen749.pdf ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Annex B: Normative documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The following normative documents (i.e., documents containing applicable norms, standards and guidelines) contain provisions that apply to the processes dealt with in this module. \\n International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/ un-saferguard\/guide-lines. \\n International Standards Organization, ISO Guide 51: \u2018Safety Aspects: Guidelines for Their Inclusion in Standards\u2019. \\n Modular Small-arms-control Implementation Compendium, https:\/\/www.un.org\/ disarmament\/convarms\/mosaic. \\n Small Arms Survey and South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms (SEESAC), SALW Survey Protocols, http:\/\/www.seesac.org\/ Survey-Protocols. \\n Weapons and Ammunition Management Policy, United Nations Department of Operational Support, Department of Peace Operations, Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, Department of Safety and Security, 2019. http:\/\/dag.un.org\/ bitstream\/handle\/11176\/400906\/Weapons%20and%20Ammunition%20Policy.pdf. \\n UN Department of Political Affairs and UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Aide Memoire \u2013 Engaging with Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) for Political Purposes: Considerations for UN Mediators and Missions, 2017. \\n UN Development Programme, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in DDR, 2012. \\n UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and UN Office for Disarmament Af- fairs. Effective Weapons and Ammunition Management in a Changing Disarma- ment, Demobilization and Reintegration Context. Handbook for United Nations DDR practitioners. 2018. Referred as \u2018DDR WAM Handbook\u2019 in this standard. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, Utilizing the International Ammunition Tech- nical Guidelines in Conflict-Affected and Low-Capacity Environments, 2019, http:\/\/ www.unidir.org\/files\/publications\/pdfs\/utilizing-the-international-ammunition-tech- nical-guidelines-in-conflict-affected-and-low-capacity-environments-en-749.pdf. \\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, The Role of Weapon and Ammunition Management in Preventing Conflict and Supporting Security Transition, 2019, https:\/\/www.unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-manage- ment-preventing-conflict-and-supporting-security.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":781, "Sentence":"\\n UN Institute for Disarmament Research, The Role of Weapon and Ammunition Management in Preventing Conflict and Supporting Security Transition, 2019, https:\/\/www.unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-manage- ment-preventing-conflict-and-supporting-security.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n un institute disarmament research role weapon ammunition management preventing conflict supporting security transition 2019 https\/\/www.unidir.org\/publication\/roleweaponandammunitionmanage mentpreventingconflictandsupportingsecurity ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See https:\/\/unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-management-preventing-con- flict-and-supporting-security \\n 2 See, for instance, Article 7.4 of the Arms Trade Treaty and section II.B.2 in the Report of the Third United Nations Conference to Review Progress Made in the Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/CONF.192\/2018\/RC\/3). \\n 3 A world map including all relevant regional instruments can be consulted in the DDR WAM Hand- book, p. xx, and the texts of the various conventions and protocols can be found via www.un.org\/ disarmament. \\n 4 Also see DDR WAM Handbook Unit 5. \\n 5 Ibid., Units 14 and 16. \\n 6 Ibid., Unit 13.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":782, "Sentence":"\\n 1 See https:\/\/unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-management-preventing-con- flict-and-supporting-security \\n 2 See, for instance, Article 7.4 of the Arms Trade Treaty and section II.B.2 in the Report of the Third United Nations Conference to Review Progress Made in the Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/CONF.192\/2018\/RC\/3).", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n 1 see https\/\/unidir.org\/publication\/roleweaponandammunitionmanagementpreventingcon flictandsupportingsecurity n 2 see instance article 7.4 arm trade treaty section ii.b.2 report third united nation conference review progress made implementation programme action prevent combat eradicate illicit trade small arm light weapon aspect a\/conf.192\/2018\/rc\/3 ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See https:\/\/unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-management-preventing-con- flict-and-supporting-security \\n 2 See, for instance, Article 7.4 of the Arms Trade Treaty and section II.B.2 in the Report of the Third United Nations Conference to Review Progress Made in the Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/CONF.192\/2018\/RC\/3). \\n 3 A world map including all relevant regional instruments can be consulted in the DDR WAM Hand- book, p. xx, and the texts of the various conventions and protocols can be found via www.un.org\/ disarmament. \\n 4 Also see DDR WAM Handbook Unit 5. \\n 5 Ibid., Units 14 and 16. \\n 6 Ibid., Unit 13.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":782, "Sentence":"\\n 3 A world map including all relevant regional instruments can be consulted in the DDR WAM Hand- book, p. xx, and the texts of the various conventions and protocols can be found via www.un.org\/ disarmament.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n 3 world map including relevant regional instrument consulted ddr wam hand book p. xx text various convention protocol found via www.un.org\/ disarmament ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See https:\/\/unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-management-preventing-con- flict-and-supporting-security \\n 2 See, for instance, Article 7.4 of the Arms Trade Treaty and section II.B.2 in the Report of the Third United Nations Conference to Review Progress Made in the Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/CONF.192\/2018\/RC\/3). \\n 3 A world map including all relevant regional instruments can be consulted in the DDR WAM Hand- book, p. xx, and the texts of the various conventions and protocols can be found via www.un.org\/ disarmament. \\n 4 Also see DDR WAM Handbook Unit 5. \\n 5 Ibid., Units 14 and 16. \\n 6 Ibid., Unit 13.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":782, "Sentence":"\\n 4 Also see DDR WAM Handbook Unit 5.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n 4 also see ddr wam handbook unit 5 ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See https:\/\/unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-management-preventing-con- flict-and-supporting-security \\n 2 See, for instance, Article 7.4 of the Arms Trade Treaty and section II.B.2 in the Report of the Third United Nations Conference to Review Progress Made in the Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/CONF.192\/2018\/RC\/3). \\n 3 A world map including all relevant regional instruments can be consulted in the DDR WAM Hand- book, p. xx, and the texts of the various conventions and protocols can be found via www.un.org\/ disarmament. \\n 4 Also see DDR WAM Handbook Unit 5. \\n 5 Ibid., Units 14 and 16. \\n 6 Ibid., Unit 13.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":782, "Sentence":"\\n 5 Ibid., Units 14 and 16.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n 5 ibid . unit 14 16 ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.11-Transitional-Weapons-and-Ammunition-Management", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See https:\/\/unidir.org\/publication\/role-weapon-and-ammunition-management-preventing-con- flict-and-supporting-security \\n 2 See, for instance, Article 7.4 of the Arms Trade Treaty and section II.B.2 in the Report of the Third United Nations Conference to Review Progress Made in the Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A\/CONF.192\/2018\/RC\/3). \\n 3 A world map including all relevant regional instruments can be consulted in the DDR WAM Hand- book, p. xx, and the texts of the various conventions and protocols can be found via www.un.org\/ disarmament. \\n 4 Also see DDR WAM Handbook Unit 5. \\n 5 Ibid., Units 14 and 16. \\n 6 Ibid., Unit 13.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":782, "Sentence":"\\n 6 Ibid., Unit 13.", "ProcessedSent":"Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management n 6 ibid . unit 13 ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.In mission settings, the mandate granted by the UN Security Council will dictate the type and extent of UN police involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, this mandate can range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In mission settings with a peacekeeping operation, the UN police component will typically consist of individual police officers, formed police units and specialized police teams. In special political missions, formed police units will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of senior advisers.In non-mission settings there is no UN Security Council mandate. Therefore, the type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. An international police presence in a non-mission setting (whether UN or otherwise) will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts, complemented where necessary by a specialized police team.When supporting DDR processes, police personnel may conduct several general tasks, including the provision of advice, support to coordination, monitoring and building public confidence. Police personnel may also conduct more specific tasks related to the particular type of DDR process that is underway. For example, as part of a DDR programme, police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can facilitate weapons tracing and the dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites. Police personnel may also support the implementation of different DDR- related tools (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). For example, police may support DDR practitioners who are engaged in the mediation of local peace agreements by orienting these individuals, and broader negotiating teams, to entry points in the community. Community-oriented policing practices and community violence reduction (CVR) programmes can also be mutually reinforcing (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Finally, when DDR processes are linked to security sector reform (SSR), UN police personnel have an important role to play in the reform of State police and law enforcement institutions and can positively contribute to the establishment and furtherance of professional standards and codes of conduct of policing.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":783, "Sentence":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities police personnel posse wide range skill capacity contribute ddr process mission nonmission setting ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.In mission settings, the mandate granted by the UN Security Council will dictate the type and extent of UN police involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, this mandate can range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In mission settings with a peacekeeping operation, the UN police component will typically consist of individual police officers, formed police units and specialized police teams. In special political missions, formed police units will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of senior advisers.In non-mission settings there is no UN Security Council mandate. Therefore, the type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. An international police presence in a non-mission setting (whether UN or otherwise) will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts, complemented where necessary by a specialized police team.When supporting DDR processes, police personnel may conduct several general tasks, including the provision of advice, support to coordination, monitoring and building public confidence. Police personnel may also conduct more specific tasks related to the particular type of DDR process that is underway. For example, as part of a DDR programme, police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can facilitate weapons tracing and the dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites. Police personnel may also support the implementation of different DDR- related tools (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). For example, police may support DDR practitioners who are engaged in the mediation of local peace agreements by orienting these individuals, and broader negotiating teams, to entry points in the community. Community-oriented policing practices and community violence reduction (CVR) programmes can also be mutually reinforcing (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Finally, when DDR processes are linked to security sector reform (SSR), UN police personnel have an important role to play in the reform of State police and law enforcement institutions and can positively contribute to the establishment and furtherance of professional standards and codes of conduct of policing.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":783, "Sentence":"As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities outlined iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr mission setting situation peace operation deployed peacekeeping operation political mission good office engagement un regional organization ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.In mission settings, the mandate granted by the UN Security Council will dictate the type and extent of UN police involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, this mandate can range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In mission settings with a peacekeeping operation, the UN police component will typically consist of individual police officers, formed police units and specialized police teams. In special political missions, formed police units will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of senior advisers.In non-mission settings there is no UN Security Council mandate. Therefore, the type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. An international police presence in a non-mission setting (whether UN or otherwise) will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts, complemented where necessary by a specialized police team.When supporting DDR processes, police personnel may conduct several general tasks, including the provision of advice, support to coordination, monitoring and building public confidence. Police personnel may also conduct more specific tasks related to the particular type of DDR process that is underway. For example, as part of a DDR programme, police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can facilitate weapons tracing and the dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites. Police personnel may also support the implementation of different DDR- related tools (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). For example, police may support DDR practitioners who are engaged in the mediation of local peace agreements by orienting these individuals, and broader negotiating teams, to entry points in the community. Community-oriented policing practices and community violence reduction (CVR) programmes can also be mutually reinforcing (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Finally, when DDR processes are linked to security sector reform (SSR), UN police personnel have an important role to play in the reform of State police and law enforcement institutions and can positively contribute to the establishment and furtherance of professional standards and codes of conduct of policing.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":783, "Sentence":"Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.In mission settings, the mandate granted by the UN Security Council will dictate the type and extent of UN police involvement in a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities nonmission setting peace operation deployed either peacekeeping operation political mission good office engagements.in mission setting mandate granted un security council dictate type extent un police involvement ddr process ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.In mission settings, the mandate granted by the UN Security Council will dictate the type and extent of UN police involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, this mandate can range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In mission settings with a peacekeeping operation, the UN police component will typically consist of individual police officers, formed police units and specialized police teams. In special political missions, formed police units will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of senior advisers.In non-mission settings there is no UN Security Council mandate. Therefore, the type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. An international police presence in a non-mission setting (whether UN or otherwise) will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts, complemented where necessary by a specialized police team.When supporting DDR processes, police personnel may conduct several general tasks, including the provision of advice, support to coordination, monitoring and building public confidence. Police personnel may also conduct more specific tasks related to the particular type of DDR process that is underway. For example, as part of a DDR programme, police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can facilitate weapons tracing and the dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites. Police personnel may also support the implementation of different DDR- related tools (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). For example, police may support DDR practitioners who are engaged in the mediation of local peace agreements by orienting these individuals, and broader negotiating teams, to entry points in the community. Community-oriented policing practices and community violence reduction (CVR) programmes can also be mutually reinforcing (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Finally, when DDR processes are linked to security sector reform (SSR), UN police personnel have an important role to play in the reform of State police and law enforcement institutions and can positively contribute to the establishment and furtherance of professional standards and codes of conduct of policing.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":783, "Sentence":"Dependent on the situation on the ground, this mandate can range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities dependent situation ground mandate range monitoring advisory function full policing responsibility ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.In mission settings, the mandate granted by the UN Security Council will dictate the type and extent of UN police involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, this mandate can range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In mission settings with a peacekeeping operation, the UN police component will typically consist of individual police officers, formed police units and specialized police teams. In special political missions, formed police units will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of senior advisers.In non-mission settings there is no UN Security Council mandate. Therefore, the type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. An international police presence in a non-mission setting (whether UN or otherwise) will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts, complemented where necessary by a specialized police team.When supporting DDR processes, police personnel may conduct several general tasks, including the provision of advice, support to coordination, monitoring and building public confidence. Police personnel may also conduct more specific tasks related to the particular type of DDR process that is underway. For example, as part of a DDR programme, police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can facilitate weapons tracing and the dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites. Police personnel may also support the implementation of different DDR- related tools (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). For example, police may support DDR practitioners who are engaged in the mediation of local peace agreements by orienting these individuals, and broader negotiating teams, to entry points in the community. Community-oriented policing practices and community violence reduction (CVR) programmes can also be mutually reinforcing (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Finally, when DDR processes are linked to security sector reform (SSR), UN police personnel have an important role to play in the reform of State police and law enforcement institutions and can positively contribute to the establishment and furtherance of professional standards and codes of conduct of policing.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":783, "Sentence":"In mission settings with a peacekeeping operation, the UN police component will typically consist of individual police officers, formed police units and specialized police teams.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities mission setting peacekeeping operation un police component typically consist individual police officer formed police unit specialized police team ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.In mission settings, the mandate granted by the UN Security Council will dictate the type and extent of UN police involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, this mandate can range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In mission settings with a peacekeeping operation, the UN police component will typically consist of individual police officers, formed police units and specialized police teams. In special political missions, formed police units will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of senior advisers.In non-mission settings there is no UN Security Council mandate. Therefore, the type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. An international police presence in a non-mission setting (whether UN or otherwise) will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts, complemented where necessary by a specialized police team.When supporting DDR processes, police personnel may conduct several general tasks, including the provision of advice, support to coordination, monitoring and building public confidence. Police personnel may also conduct more specific tasks related to the particular type of DDR process that is underway. For example, as part of a DDR programme, police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can facilitate weapons tracing and the dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites. Police personnel may also support the implementation of different DDR- related tools (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). For example, police may support DDR practitioners who are engaged in the mediation of local peace agreements by orienting these individuals, and broader negotiating teams, to entry points in the community. Community-oriented policing practices and community violence reduction (CVR) programmes can also be mutually reinforcing (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Finally, when DDR processes are linked to security sector reform (SSR), UN police personnel have an important role to play in the reform of State police and law enforcement institutions and can positively contribute to the establishment and furtherance of professional standards and codes of conduct of policing.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":783, "Sentence":"In special political missions, formed police units will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of senior advisers.In non-mission settings there is no UN Security Council mandate.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities special political mission formed police unit typically present un police presence may consist senior advisers.in nonmission setting un security council mandate ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.In mission settings, the mandate granted by the UN Security Council will dictate the type and extent of UN police involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, this mandate can range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In mission settings with a peacekeeping operation, the UN police component will typically consist of individual police officers, formed police units and specialized police teams. In special political missions, formed police units will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of senior advisers.In non-mission settings there is no UN Security Council mandate. Therefore, the type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. An international police presence in a non-mission setting (whether UN or otherwise) will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts, complemented where necessary by a specialized police team.When supporting DDR processes, police personnel may conduct several general tasks, including the provision of advice, support to coordination, monitoring and building public confidence. Police personnel may also conduct more specific tasks related to the particular type of DDR process that is underway. For example, as part of a DDR programme, police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can facilitate weapons tracing and the dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites. Police personnel may also support the implementation of different DDR- related tools (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). For example, police may support DDR practitioners who are engaged in the mediation of local peace agreements by orienting these individuals, and broader negotiating teams, to entry points in the community. Community-oriented policing practices and community violence reduction (CVR) programmes can also be mutually reinforcing (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Finally, when DDR processes are linked to security sector reform (SSR), UN police personnel have an important role to play in the reform of State police and law enforcement institutions and can positively contribute to the establishment and furtherance of professional standards and codes of conduct of policing.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":783, "Sentence":"Therefore, the type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities therefore type extent un international police involvement ddr process determined nature request received national government bilateral cooperation agreement ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.In mission settings, the mandate granted by the UN Security Council will dictate the type and extent of UN police involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, this mandate can range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In mission settings with a peacekeeping operation, the UN police component will typically consist of individual police officers, formed police units and specialized police teams. In special political missions, formed police units will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of senior advisers.In non-mission settings there is no UN Security Council mandate. Therefore, the type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. An international police presence in a non-mission setting (whether UN or otherwise) will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts, complemented where necessary by a specialized police team.When supporting DDR processes, police personnel may conduct several general tasks, including the provision of advice, support to coordination, monitoring and building public confidence. Police personnel may also conduct more specific tasks related to the particular type of DDR process that is underway. For example, as part of a DDR programme, police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can facilitate weapons tracing and the dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites. Police personnel may also support the implementation of different DDR- related tools (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). For example, police may support DDR practitioners who are engaged in the mediation of local peace agreements by orienting these individuals, and broader negotiating teams, to entry points in the community. Community-oriented policing practices and community violence reduction (CVR) programmes can also be mutually reinforcing (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Finally, when DDR processes are linked to security sector reform (SSR), UN police personnel have an important role to play in the reform of State police and law enforcement institutions and can positively contribute to the establishment and furtherance of professional standards and codes of conduct of policing.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":783, "Sentence":"An international police presence in a non-mission setting (whether UN or otherwise) will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts, complemented where necessary by a specialized police team.When supporting DDR processes, police personnel may conduct several general tasks, including the provision of advice, support to coordination, monitoring and building public confidence.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities international police presence nonmission setting whether un otherwise typically consist adviser mentor trainer and\/or policing expert complemented necessary specialized police team.when supporting ddr process police personnel may conduct several general task including provision advice support coordination monitoring building public confidence ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.In mission settings, the mandate granted by the UN Security Council will dictate the type and extent of UN police involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, this mandate can range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In mission settings with a peacekeeping operation, the UN police component will typically consist of individual police officers, formed police units and specialized police teams. In special political missions, formed police units will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of senior advisers.In non-mission settings there is no UN Security Council mandate. Therefore, the type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. An international police presence in a non-mission setting (whether UN or otherwise) will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts, complemented where necessary by a specialized police team.When supporting DDR processes, police personnel may conduct several general tasks, including the provision of advice, support to coordination, monitoring and building public confidence. Police personnel may also conduct more specific tasks related to the particular type of DDR process that is underway. For example, as part of a DDR programme, police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can facilitate weapons tracing and the dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites. Police personnel may also support the implementation of different DDR- related tools (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). For example, police may support DDR practitioners who are engaged in the mediation of local peace agreements by orienting these individuals, and broader negotiating teams, to entry points in the community. Community-oriented policing practices and community violence reduction (CVR) programmes can also be mutually reinforcing (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Finally, when DDR processes are linked to security sector reform (SSR), UN police personnel have an important role to play in the reform of State police and law enforcement institutions and can positively contribute to the establishment and furtherance of professional standards and codes of conduct of policing.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":783, "Sentence":"Police personnel may also conduct more specific tasks related to the particular type of DDR process that is underway.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities police personnel may also conduct specific task related particular type ddr process underway ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.In mission settings, the mandate granted by the UN Security Council will dictate the type and extent of UN police involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, this mandate can range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In mission settings with a peacekeeping operation, the UN police component will typically consist of individual police officers, formed police units and specialized police teams. In special political missions, formed police units will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of senior advisers.In non-mission settings there is no UN Security Council mandate. Therefore, the type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. An international police presence in a non-mission setting (whether UN or otherwise) will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts, complemented where necessary by a specialized police team.When supporting DDR processes, police personnel may conduct several general tasks, including the provision of advice, support to coordination, monitoring and building public confidence. Police personnel may also conduct more specific tasks related to the particular type of DDR process that is underway. For example, as part of a DDR programme, police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can facilitate weapons tracing and the dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites. Police personnel may also support the implementation of different DDR- related tools (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). For example, police may support DDR practitioners who are engaged in the mediation of local peace agreements by orienting these individuals, and broader negotiating teams, to entry points in the community. Community-oriented policing practices and community violence reduction (CVR) programmes can also be mutually reinforcing (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Finally, when DDR processes are linked to security sector reform (SSR), UN police personnel have an important role to play in the reform of State police and law enforcement institutions and can positively contribute to the establishment and furtherance of professional standards and codes of conduct of policing.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":783, "Sentence":"For example, as part of a DDR programme, police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can facilitate weapons tracing and the dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities example part ddr programme police personnel disarmament demobilization site facilitate weapon tracing dynamic surveillance weapon ammunition storage site ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.In mission settings, the mandate granted by the UN Security Council will dictate the type and extent of UN police involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, this mandate can range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In mission settings with a peacekeeping operation, the UN police component will typically consist of individual police officers, formed police units and specialized police teams. In special political missions, formed police units will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of senior advisers.In non-mission settings there is no UN Security Council mandate. Therefore, the type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. An international police presence in a non-mission setting (whether UN or otherwise) will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts, complemented where necessary by a specialized police team.When supporting DDR processes, police personnel may conduct several general tasks, including the provision of advice, support to coordination, monitoring and building public confidence. Police personnel may also conduct more specific tasks related to the particular type of DDR process that is underway. For example, as part of a DDR programme, police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can facilitate weapons tracing and the dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites. Police personnel may also support the implementation of different DDR- related tools (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). For example, police may support DDR practitioners who are engaged in the mediation of local peace agreements by orienting these individuals, and broader negotiating teams, to entry points in the community. Community-oriented policing practices and community violence reduction (CVR) programmes can also be mutually reinforcing (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Finally, when DDR processes are linked to security sector reform (SSR), UN police personnel have an important role to play in the reform of State police and law enforcement institutions and can positively contribute to the establishment and furtherance of professional standards and codes of conduct of policing.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":783, "Sentence":"Police personnel may also support the implementation of different DDR- related tools (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities police personnel may also support implementation different ddr related tool see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.In mission settings, the mandate granted by the UN Security Council will dictate the type and extent of UN police involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, this mandate can range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In mission settings with a peacekeeping operation, the UN police component will typically consist of individual police officers, formed police units and specialized police teams. In special political missions, formed police units will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of senior advisers.In non-mission settings there is no UN Security Council mandate. Therefore, the type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. An international police presence in a non-mission setting (whether UN or otherwise) will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts, complemented where necessary by a specialized police team.When supporting DDR processes, police personnel may conduct several general tasks, including the provision of advice, support to coordination, monitoring and building public confidence. Police personnel may also conduct more specific tasks related to the particular type of DDR process that is underway. For example, as part of a DDR programme, police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can facilitate weapons tracing and the dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites. Police personnel may also support the implementation of different DDR- related tools (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). For example, police may support DDR practitioners who are engaged in the mediation of local peace agreements by orienting these individuals, and broader negotiating teams, to entry points in the community. Community-oriented policing practices and community violence reduction (CVR) programmes can also be mutually reinforcing (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Finally, when DDR processes are linked to security sector reform (SSR), UN police personnel have an important role to play in the reform of State police and law enforcement institutions and can positively contribute to the establishment and furtherance of professional standards and codes of conduct of policing.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":783, "Sentence":"For example, police may support DDR practitioners who are engaged in the mediation of local peace agreements by orienting these individuals, and broader negotiating teams, to entry points in the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities example police may support ddr practitioner engaged mediation local peace agreement orienting individual broader negotiating team entry point community ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.In mission settings, the mandate granted by the UN Security Council will dictate the type and extent of UN police involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, this mandate can range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In mission settings with a peacekeeping operation, the UN police component will typically consist of individual police officers, formed police units and specialized police teams. In special political missions, formed police units will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of senior advisers.In non-mission settings there is no UN Security Council mandate. Therefore, the type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. An international police presence in a non-mission setting (whether UN or otherwise) will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts, complemented where necessary by a specialized police team.When supporting DDR processes, police personnel may conduct several general tasks, including the provision of advice, support to coordination, monitoring and building public confidence. Police personnel may also conduct more specific tasks related to the particular type of DDR process that is underway. For example, as part of a DDR programme, police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can facilitate weapons tracing and the dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites. Police personnel may also support the implementation of different DDR- related tools (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). For example, police may support DDR practitioners who are engaged in the mediation of local peace agreements by orienting these individuals, and broader negotiating teams, to entry points in the community. Community-oriented policing practices and community violence reduction (CVR) programmes can also be mutually reinforcing (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Finally, when DDR processes are linked to security sector reform (SSR), UN police personnel have an important role to play in the reform of State police and law enforcement institutions and can positively contribute to the establishment and furtherance of professional standards and codes of conduct of policing.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":783, "Sentence":"Community-oriented policing practices and community violence reduction (CVR) programmes can also be mutually reinforcing (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Finally, when DDR processes are linked to security sector reform (SSR), UN police personnel have an important role to play in the reform of State police and law enforcement institutions and can positively contribute to the establishment and furtherance of professional standards and codes of conduct of policing.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities communityoriented policing practice community violence reduction cvr programme also mutually reinforcing see iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction.finally ddr process linked security sector reform ssr un police personnel important role play reform state police law enforcement institution positively contribute establishment furtherance professional standard code conduct policing ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The objective of this module is to outline possible police contributions to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. Although the guidance in this module is based on the experience of UN police components, it is designed for all police personnel who contribute to DDR processes, irrespective of whether these personnel are affiliated to the UN, regional organizations, or State police. The module is also designed for civilian DDR practitioners who are interested in the ways that police personnel and UN law enforcement experts may support their work.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":784, "Sentence":"The objective of this module is to outline possible police contributions to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities objective module outline possible police contribution ddr process context un peacekeeping operation special political mission spms nonmission setting ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The objective of this module is to outline possible police contributions to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. Although the guidance in this module is based on the experience of UN police components, it is designed for all police personnel who contribute to DDR processes, irrespective of whether these personnel are affiliated to the UN, regional organizations, or State police. The module is also designed for civilian DDR practitioners who are interested in the ways that police personnel and UN law enforcement experts may support their work.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":784, "Sentence":"Although the guidance in this module is based on the experience of UN police components, it is designed for all police personnel who contribute to DDR processes, irrespective of whether these personnel are affiliated to the UN, regional organizations, or State police.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities although guidance module based experience un police component designed police personnel contribute ddr process irrespective whether personnel affiliated un regional organization state police ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The objective of this module is to outline possible police contributions to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. Although the guidance in this module is based on the experience of UN police components, it is designed for all police personnel who contribute to DDR processes, irrespective of whether these personnel are affiliated to the UN, regional organizations, or State police. The module is also designed for civilian DDR practitioners who are interested in the ways that police personnel and UN law enforcement experts may support their work.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":784, "Sentence":"The module is also designed for civilian DDR practitioners who are interested in the ways that police personnel and UN law enforcement experts may support their work.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities module also designed civilian ddr practitioner interested way police personnel un law enforcement expert may support work ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.UN police personnel can include both uniformed police officers and civilian policing experts.Individual police officers (IPOs) are usually unarmed and have historically been utilised for community-oriented policing, information gathering, capacity building, training and monitoring.Formed Police Units (FPUs) are self-contained police units of 140 to 160 officers capable of providing a range of tactical police options, including an effective public order function. FPUs are armed, and, generally speaking, deliver a more robust form of policing than IPOs based on mandate authority and tasks.Specialised Police Teams (SPTs) sometimes reinforce FPUs and consist of a group of experts in a particular area of policing such as special weapons and tactics teams.UN policing experts may be deployed to Member States as part of technical assistance programmes agreed between United Nations country team entities and the Member State, to provide capacity building or other forms of technical assistance.Interim Executive mandate: The mandates provided to UN police personnel in mission settings may range from non-executive to partial-executive to full-executive. Full-executive mandates are rarely granted, as they mean that UN police will assume complete responsibility for the maintenance of law and order, and the performance of the whole spectrum of activities associated with policing, including powers of arrest and detention, collecting evidence, investigation of crime and assistance in criminal investigations, border security, riot and crowd control, and robust patrols.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":785, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities annex contains list abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.UN police personnel can include both uniformed police officers and civilian policing experts.Individual police officers (IPOs) are usually unarmed and have historically been utilised for community-oriented policing, information gathering, capacity building, training and monitoring.Formed Police Units (FPUs) are self-contained police units of 140 to 160 officers capable of providing a range of tactical police options, including an effective public order function. FPUs are armed, and, generally speaking, deliver a more robust form of policing than IPOs based on mandate authority and tasks.Specialised Police Teams (SPTs) sometimes reinforce FPUs and consist of a group of experts in a particular area of policing such as special weapons and tactics teams.UN policing experts may be deployed to Member States as part of technical assistance programmes agreed between United Nations country team entities and the Member State, to provide capacity building or other forms of technical assistance.Interim Executive mandate: The mandates provided to UN police personnel in mission settings may range from non-executive to partial-executive to full-executive. Full-executive mandates are rarely granted, as they mean that UN police will assume complete responsibility for the maintenance of law and order, and the performance of the whole spectrum of activities associated with policing, including powers of arrest and detention, collecting evidence, investigation of crime and assistance in criminal investigations, border security, riot and crowd control, and robust patrols.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":785, "Sentence":"A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities complete glossary term definition abbreviation used iddrs series given iddrs 1.20.in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.UN police personnel can include both uniformed police officers and civilian policing experts.Individual police officers (IPOs) are usually unarmed and have historically been utilised for community-oriented policing, information gathering, capacity building, training and monitoring.Formed Police Units (FPUs) are self-contained police units of 140 to 160 officers capable of providing a range of tactical police options, including an effective public order function. FPUs are armed, and, generally speaking, deliver a more robust form of policing than IPOs based on mandate authority and tasks.Specialised Police Teams (SPTs) sometimes reinforce FPUs and consist of a group of experts in a particular area of policing such as special weapons and tactics teams.UN policing experts may be deployed to Member States as part of technical assistance programmes agreed between United Nations country team entities and the Member State, to provide capacity building or other forms of technical assistance.Interim Executive mandate: The mandates provided to UN police personnel in mission settings may range from non-executive to partial-executive to full-executive. Full-executive mandates are rarely granted, as they mean that UN police will assume complete responsibility for the maintenance of law and order, and the performance of the whole spectrum of activities associated with policing, including powers of arrest and detention, collecting evidence, investigation of crime and assistance in criminal investigations, border security, riot and crowd control, and robust patrols.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":785, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.UN police personnel can include both uniformed police officers and civilian policing experts.Individual police officers (IPOs) are usually unarmed and have historically been utilised for community-oriented policing, information gathering, capacity building, training and monitoring.Formed Police Units (FPUs) are self-contained police units of 140 to 160 officers capable of providing a range of tactical police options, including an effective public order function.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities use consistent language used international organization standardization iso standard guideline n \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action n \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability n e \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation.un police personnel include uniformed police officer civilian policing experts.individual police officer ipo usually unarmed historically utilised communityoriented policing information gathering capacity building training monitoring.formed police unit fpus selfcontained police unit 140 160 officer capable providing range tactical police option including effective public order function ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.UN police personnel can include both uniformed police officers and civilian policing experts.Individual police officers (IPOs) are usually unarmed and have historically been utilised for community-oriented policing, information gathering, capacity building, training and monitoring.Formed Police Units (FPUs) are self-contained police units of 140 to 160 officers capable of providing a range of tactical police options, including an effective public order function. FPUs are armed, and, generally speaking, deliver a more robust form of policing than IPOs based on mandate authority and tasks.Specialised Police Teams (SPTs) sometimes reinforce FPUs and consist of a group of experts in a particular area of policing such as special weapons and tactics teams.UN policing experts may be deployed to Member States as part of technical assistance programmes agreed between United Nations country team entities and the Member State, to provide capacity building or other forms of technical assistance.Interim Executive mandate: The mandates provided to UN police personnel in mission settings may range from non-executive to partial-executive to full-executive. Full-executive mandates are rarely granted, as they mean that UN police will assume complete responsibility for the maintenance of law and order, and the performance of the whole spectrum of activities associated with policing, including powers of arrest and detention, collecting evidence, investigation of crime and assistance in criminal investigations, border security, riot and crowd control, and robust patrols.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":785, "Sentence":"FPUs are armed, and, generally speaking, deliver a more robust form of policing than IPOs based on mandate authority and tasks.Specialised Police Teams (SPTs) sometimes reinforce FPUs and consist of a group of experts in a particular area of policing such as special weapons and tactics teams.UN policing experts may be deployed to Member States as part of technical assistance programmes agreed between United Nations country team entities and the Member State, to provide capacity building or other forms of technical assistance.Interim Executive mandate: The mandates provided to UN police personnel in mission settings may range from non-executive to partial-executive to full-executive.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities fpus armed generally speaking deliver robust form policing ipo based mandate authority tasks.specialised police team spts sometimes reinforce fpus consist group expert particular area policing special weapon tactic teams.un policing expert may deployed member state part technical assistance programme agreed united nation country team entity member state provide capacity building form technical assistance.interim executive mandate mandate provided un police personnel mission setting may range nonexecutive partialexecutive fullexecutive ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.UN police personnel can include both uniformed police officers and civilian policing experts.Individual police officers (IPOs) are usually unarmed and have historically been utilised for community-oriented policing, information gathering, capacity building, training and monitoring.Formed Police Units (FPUs) are self-contained police units of 140 to 160 officers capable of providing a range of tactical police options, including an effective public order function. FPUs are armed, and, generally speaking, deliver a more robust form of policing than IPOs based on mandate authority and tasks.Specialised Police Teams (SPTs) sometimes reinforce FPUs and consist of a group of experts in a particular area of policing such as special weapons and tactics teams.UN policing experts may be deployed to Member States as part of technical assistance programmes agreed between United Nations country team entities and the Member State, to provide capacity building or other forms of technical assistance.Interim Executive mandate: The mandates provided to UN police personnel in mission settings may range from non-executive to partial-executive to full-executive. Full-executive mandates are rarely granted, as they mean that UN police will assume complete responsibility for the maintenance of law and order, and the performance of the whole spectrum of activities associated with policing, including powers of arrest and detention, collecting evidence, investigation of crime and assistance in criminal investigations, border security, riot and crowd control, and robust patrols.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":785, "Sentence":"Full-executive mandates are rarely granted, as they mean that UN police will assume complete responsibility for the maintenance of law and order, and the performance of the whole spectrum of activities associated with policing, including powers of arrest and detention, collecting evidence, investigation of crime and assistance in criminal investigations, border security, riot and crowd control, and robust patrols.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities fullexecutive mandate rarely granted mean un police assume complete responsibility maintenance law order performance whole spectrum activity associated policing including power arrest detention collecting evidence investigation crime assistance criminal investigation border security riot crowd control robust patrol ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that may contribute to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, SPMs and non-mission settings. In peacekeeping operations, UN police components will typically consist of IPOs, FPUs and SPTs. In special political missions, FPUs will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of IPOs who work as senior advisers. In non-mission contexts, the UN or international police presence will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts complemented, where necessary, by a SPT.The type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process in a non- mission setting will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. In mission settings, the mandate given to a UN police component will dictate the level and extent of its involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, the Security Council can grant mandates to UN police that range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In both mission and non-mission settings, police-related tasks may also include support for the reform, restructuring and development of the State police service and other law enforcement institutions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":786, "Sentence":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that may contribute to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, SPMs and non-mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities police personnel posse wide range skill capacity may contribute ddr process context un peacekeeping operation spms nonmission setting ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that may contribute to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, SPMs and non-mission settings. In peacekeeping operations, UN police components will typically consist of IPOs, FPUs and SPTs. In special political missions, FPUs will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of IPOs who work as senior advisers. In non-mission contexts, the UN or international police presence will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts complemented, where necessary, by a SPT.The type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process in a non- mission setting will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. In mission settings, the mandate given to a UN police component will dictate the level and extent of its involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, the Security Council can grant mandates to UN police that range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In both mission and non-mission settings, police-related tasks may also include support for the reform, restructuring and development of the State police service and other law enforcement institutions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":786, "Sentence":"In peacekeeping operations, UN police components will typically consist of IPOs, FPUs and SPTs.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities peacekeeping operation un police component typically consist ipo fpus spts ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that may contribute to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, SPMs and non-mission settings. In peacekeeping operations, UN police components will typically consist of IPOs, FPUs and SPTs. In special political missions, FPUs will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of IPOs who work as senior advisers. In non-mission contexts, the UN or international police presence will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts complemented, where necessary, by a SPT.The type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process in a non- mission setting will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. In mission settings, the mandate given to a UN police component will dictate the level and extent of its involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, the Security Council can grant mandates to UN police that range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In both mission and non-mission settings, police-related tasks may also include support for the reform, restructuring and development of the State police service and other law enforcement institutions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":786, "Sentence":"In special political missions, FPUs will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of IPOs who work as senior advisers.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities special political mission fpus typically present un police presence may consist ipo work senior adviser ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that may contribute to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, SPMs and non-mission settings. In peacekeeping operations, UN police components will typically consist of IPOs, FPUs and SPTs. In special political missions, FPUs will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of IPOs who work as senior advisers. In non-mission contexts, the UN or international police presence will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts complemented, where necessary, by a SPT.The type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process in a non- mission setting will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. In mission settings, the mandate given to a UN police component will dictate the level and extent of its involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, the Security Council can grant mandates to UN police that range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In both mission and non-mission settings, police-related tasks may also include support for the reform, restructuring and development of the State police service and other law enforcement institutions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":786, "Sentence":"In non-mission contexts, the UN or international police presence will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts complemented, where necessary, by a SPT.The type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process in a non- mission setting will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities nonmission context un international police presence typically consist adviser mentor trainer and\/or policing expert complemented necessary spt.the type extent un international police involvement ddr process non mission setting determined nature request received national government bilateral cooperation agreement ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that may contribute to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, SPMs and non-mission settings. In peacekeeping operations, UN police components will typically consist of IPOs, FPUs and SPTs. In special political missions, FPUs will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of IPOs who work as senior advisers. In non-mission contexts, the UN or international police presence will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts complemented, where necessary, by a SPT.The type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process in a non- mission setting will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. In mission settings, the mandate given to a UN police component will dictate the level and extent of its involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, the Security Council can grant mandates to UN police that range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In both mission and non-mission settings, police-related tasks may also include support for the reform, restructuring and development of the State police service and other law enforcement institutions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":786, "Sentence":"In mission settings, the mandate given to a UN police component will dictate the level and extent of its involvement in a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities mission setting mandate given un police component dictate level extent involvement ddr process ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that may contribute to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, SPMs and non-mission settings. In peacekeeping operations, UN police components will typically consist of IPOs, FPUs and SPTs. In special political missions, FPUs will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of IPOs who work as senior advisers. In non-mission contexts, the UN or international police presence will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts complemented, where necessary, by a SPT.The type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process in a non- mission setting will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. In mission settings, the mandate given to a UN police component will dictate the level and extent of its involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, the Security Council can grant mandates to UN police that range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In both mission and non-mission settings, police-related tasks may also include support for the reform, restructuring and development of the State police service and other law enforcement institutions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":786, "Sentence":"Dependent on the situation on the ground, the Security Council can grant mandates to UN police that range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities dependent situation ground security council grant mandate un police range monitoring advisory function full policing responsibility ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Police personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that may contribute to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, SPMs and non-mission settings. In peacekeeping operations, UN police components will typically consist of IPOs, FPUs and SPTs. In special political missions, FPUs will typically not be present, and the UN police presence may consist of IPOs who work as senior advisers. In non-mission contexts, the UN or international police presence will typically consist of advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts complemented, where necessary, by a SPT.The type and extent of UN or international police involvement in a DDR process in a non- mission setting will be determined by the nature of the request received from a national Government or by bilateral cooperation agreements. In mission settings, the mandate given to a UN police component will dictate the level and extent of its involvement in a DDR process. Dependent on the situation on the ground, the Security Council can grant mandates to UN police that range from monitoring and advisory functions to full policing responsibilities. In both mission and non-mission settings, police-related tasks may also include support for the reform, restructuring and development of the State police service and other law enforcement institutions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":786, "Sentence":"In both mission and non-mission settings, police-related tasks may also include support for the reform, restructuring and development of the State police service and other law enforcement institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities mission nonmission setting policerelated task may also include support reform restructuring development state police service law enforcement institution ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to police roles and responsibilities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":787, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to police roles and responsibilities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":787, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to police roles and responsibilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities section outline principle apply police role responsibility ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"In contexts where DDR is linked to SSR, the integration of vetted former members of armed groups into the armed forces, the State police service or other uniformed services as part of DDR processes shall be voluntary (also see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":788, "Sentence":"In contexts where DDR is linked to SSR, the integration of vetted former members of armed groups into the armed forces, the State police service or other uniformed services as part of DDR processes shall be voluntary (also see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities context ddr linked ssr integration vetted former member armed group armed force state police service uniformed service part ddr process shall voluntary also see iddrs 6.10 ddr security sector reform ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When DDR and SSR processes are linked, former members of armed groups shall only be recruited into the State police service if they are thoroughly vetted and meet the designated recruitment criteria. Former members of armed groups shall not be integrated into the State police service merely because of their status as former members of an armed group. Furthermore, former members of armed groups who have been involved in war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist offences and genocide shall not be eligible for recruitment into State police services (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). Importantly, children shall not be recruited into the State police service and effective age assessment procedures must be put in place (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":789, "Sentence":"When DDR and SSR processes are linked, former members of armed groups shall only be recruited into the State police service if they are thoroughly vetted and meet the designated recruitment criteria.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities ddr ssr process linked former member armed group shall recruited state police service thoroughly vetted meet designated recruitment criterion ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When DDR and SSR processes are linked, former members of armed groups shall only be recruited into the State police service if they are thoroughly vetted and meet the designated recruitment criteria. Former members of armed groups shall not be integrated into the State police service merely because of their status as former members of an armed group. Furthermore, former members of armed groups who have been involved in war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist offences and genocide shall not be eligible for recruitment into State police services (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). Importantly, children shall not be recruited into the State police service and effective age assessment procedures must be put in place (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":789, "Sentence":"Former members of armed groups shall not be integrated into the State police service merely because of their status as former members of an armed group.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities former member armed group shall integrated state police service merely status former member armed group ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When DDR and SSR processes are linked, former members of armed groups shall only be recruited into the State police service if they are thoroughly vetted and meet the designated recruitment criteria. Former members of armed groups shall not be integrated into the State police service merely because of their status as former members of an armed group. Furthermore, former members of armed groups who have been involved in war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist offences and genocide shall not be eligible for recruitment into State police services (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). Importantly, children shall not be recruited into the State police service and effective age assessment procedures must be put in place (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":789, "Sentence":"Furthermore, former members of armed groups who have been involved in war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist offences and genocide shall not be eligible for recruitment into State police services (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities furthermore former member armed group involved war crime crime humanity terrorist offence genocide shall eligible recruitment state police service see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When DDR and SSR processes are linked, former members of armed groups shall only be recruited into the State police service if they are thoroughly vetted and meet the designated recruitment criteria. Former members of armed groups shall not be integrated into the State police service merely because of their status as former members of an armed group. Furthermore, former members of armed groups who have been involved in war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist offences and genocide shall not be eligible for recruitment into State police services (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). Importantly, children shall not be recruited into the State police service and effective age assessment procedures must be put in place (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":789, "Sentence":"Importantly, children shall not be recruited into the State police service and effective age assessment procedures must be put in place (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities importantly child shall recruited state police service effective age assessment procedure must put place see iddrs 5.20 child ddr ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, UN police personnel are bound to international norms, laws and standards and must uphold the highest standards of protection, including child protection standards, in all aspects of their work. The importance of child protection shall be understood by all police personnel, through ongoing training, and mainstreamed into daily operations, and in particular, into protection activities. Police officers at all levels should ensure that differentiated and shared threats to boys and girls and their vulnerabilities are identified and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers (when relevant), other child protection partners and the responsible government authorities. A police child protection focal point shall be established. Child protection and child rights, including justice for children and other special protections in international law and standards applicable to children in contact with the law, shall be included not only in police training but in standard operating procedures as well as in police guidance as appropriate. Child protection shall be integrated into all police work, including when UN and international police personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State police services in conflict-affected countries. UN police personnel shall contribute to larger efforts to bring about positive change in national laws and practices, promoting the highest standards for protecting children. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, UN police personnel shall always consider the impact on children and their protection, including the appropriate measures to be taken to address any child protection concerns.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":790, "Sentence":"In both mission and non-mission settings, UN police personnel are bound to international norms, laws and standards and must uphold the highest standards of protection, including child protection standards, in all aspects of their work.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities mission nonmission setting un police personnel bound international norm law standard must uphold highest standard protection including child protection standard aspect work ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, UN police personnel are bound to international norms, laws and standards and must uphold the highest standards of protection, including child protection standards, in all aspects of their work. The importance of child protection shall be understood by all police personnel, through ongoing training, and mainstreamed into daily operations, and in particular, into protection activities. Police officers at all levels should ensure that differentiated and shared threats to boys and girls and their vulnerabilities are identified and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers (when relevant), other child protection partners and the responsible government authorities. A police child protection focal point shall be established. Child protection and child rights, including justice for children and other special protections in international law and standards applicable to children in contact with the law, shall be included not only in police training but in standard operating procedures as well as in police guidance as appropriate. Child protection shall be integrated into all police work, including when UN and international police personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State police services in conflict-affected countries. UN police personnel shall contribute to larger efforts to bring about positive change in national laws and practices, promoting the highest standards for protecting children. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, UN police personnel shall always consider the impact on children and their protection, including the appropriate measures to be taken to address any child protection concerns.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":790, "Sentence":"The importance of child protection shall be understood by all police personnel, through ongoing training, and mainstreamed into daily operations, and in particular, into protection activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities importance child protection shall understood police personnel ongoing training mainstreamed daily operation particular protection activity ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, UN police personnel are bound to international norms, laws and standards and must uphold the highest standards of protection, including child protection standards, in all aspects of their work. The importance of child protection shall be understood by all police personnel, through ongoing training, and mainstreamed into daily operations, and in particular, into protection activities. Police officers at all levels should ensure that differentiated and shared threats to boys and girls and their vulnerabilities are identified and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers (when relevant), other child protection partners and the responsible government authorities. A police child protection focal point shall be established. Child protection and child rights, including justice for children and other special protections in international law and standards applicable to children in contact with the law, shall be included not only in police training but in standard operating procedures as well as in police guidance as appropriate. Child protection shall be integrated into all police work, including when UN and international police personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State police services in conflict-affected countries. UN police personnel shall contribute to larger efforts to bring about positive change in national laws and practices, promoting the highest standards for protecting children. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, UN police personnel shall always consider the impact on children and their protection, including the appropriate measures to be taken to address any child protection concerns.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":790, "Sentence":"Police officers at all levels should ensure that differentiated and shared threats to boys and girls and their vulnerabilities are identified and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers (when relevant), other child protection partners and the responsible government authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities police officer level ensure differentiated shared threat boy girl vulnerability identified plan order developed provide effective protection ground working concert mission child protection adviser relevant child protection partner responsible government authority ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, UN police personnel are bound to international norms, laws and standards and must uphold the highest standards of protection, including child protection standards, in all aspects of their work. The importance of child protection shall be understood by all police personnel, through ongoing training, and mainstreamed into daily operations, and in particular, into protection activities. Police officers at all levels should ensure that differentiated and shared threats to boys and girls and their vulnerabilities are identified and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers (when relevant), other child protection partners and the responsible government authorities. A police child protection focal point shall be established. Child protection and child rights, including justice for children and other special protections in international law and standards applicable to children in contact with the law, shall be included not only in police training but in standard operating procedures as well as in police guidance as appropriate. Child protection shall be integrated into all police work, including when UN and international police personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State police services in conflict-affected countries. UN police personnel shall contribute to larger efforts to bring about positive change in national laws and practices, promoting the highest standards for protecting children. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, UN police personnel shall always consider the impact on children and their protection, including the appropriate measures to be taken to address any child protection concerns.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":790, "Sentence":"A police child protection focal point shall be established.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities police child protection focal point shall established ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, UN police personnel are bound to international norms, laws and standards and must uphold the highest standards of protection, including child protection standards, in all aspects of their work. The importance of child protection shall be understood by all police personnel, through ongoing training, and mainstreamed into daily operations, and in particular, into protection activities. Police officers at all levels should ensure that differentiated and shared threats to boys and girls and their vulnerabilities are identified and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers (when relevant), other child protection partners and the responsible government authorities. A police child protection focal point shall be established. Child protection and child rights, including justice for children and other special protections in international law and standards applicable to children in contact with the law, shall be included not only in police training but in standard operating procedures as well as in police guidance as appropriate. Child protection shall be integrated into all police work, including when UN and international police personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State police services in conflict-affected countries. UN police personnel shall contribute to larger efforts to bring about positive change in national laws and practices, promoting the highest standards for protecting children. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, UN police personnel shall always consider the impact on children and their protection, including the appropriate measures to be taken to address any child protection concerns.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":790, "Sentence":"Child protection and child rights, including justice for children and other special protections in international law and standards applicable to children in contact with the law, shall be included not only in police training but in standard operating procedures as well as in police guidance as appropriate.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities child protection child right including justice child special protection international law standard applicable child contact law shall included police training standard operating procedure well police guidance appropriate ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, UN police personnel are bound to international norms, laws and standards and must uphold the highest standards of protection, including child protection standards, in all aspects of their work. The importance of child protection shall be understood by all police personnel, through ongoing training, and mainstreamed into daily operations, and in particular, into protection activities. Police officers at all levels should ensure that differentiated and shared threats to boys and girls and their vulnerabilities are identified and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers (when relevant), other child protection partners and the responsible government authorities. A police child protection focal point shall be established. Child protection and child rights, including justice for children and other special protections in international law and standards applicable to children in contact with the law, shall be included not only in police training but in standard operating procedures as well as in police guidance as appropriate. Child protection shall be integrated into all police work, including when UN and international police personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State police services in conflict-affected countries. UN police personnel shall contribute to larger efforts to bring about positive change in national laws and practices, promoting the highest standards for protecting children. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, UN police personnel shall always consider the impact on children and their protection, including the appropriate measures to be taken to address any child protection concerns.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":790, "Sentence":"Child protection shall be integrated into all police work, including when UN and international police personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State police services in conflict-affected countries.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities child protection shall integrated police work including un international police personnel undertake mentoring advisory activity build capacity state police service conflictaffected country ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, UN police personnel are bound to international norms, laws and standards and must uphold the highest standards of protection, including child protection standards, in all aspects of their work. The importance of child protection shall be understood by all police personnel, through ongoing training, and mainstreamed into daily operations, and in particular, into protection activities. Police officers at all levels should ensure that differentiated and shared threats to boys and girls and their vulnerabilities are identified and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers (when relevant), other child protection partners and the responsible government authorities. A police child protection focal point shall be established. Child protection and child rights, including justice for children and other special protections in international law and standards applicable to children in contact with the law, shall be included not only in police training but in standard operating procedures as well as in police guidance as appropriate. Child protection shall be integrated into all police work, including when UN and international police personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State police services in conflict-affected countries. UN police personnel shall contribute to larger efforts to bring about positive change in national laws and practices, promoting the highest standards for protecting children. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, UN police personnel shall always consider the impact on children and their protection, including the appropriate measures to be taken to address any child protection concerns.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":790, "Sentence":"UN police personnel shall contribute to larger efforts to bring about positive change in national laws and practices, promoting the highest standards for protecting children.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities un police personnel shall contribute larger effort bring positive change national law practice promoting highest standard protecting child ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In both mission and non-mission settings, UN police personnel are bound to international norms, laws and standards and must uphold the highest standards of protection, including child protection standards, in all aspects of their work. The importance of child protection shall be understood by all police personnel, through ongoing training, and mainstreamed into daily operations, and in particular, into protection activities. Police officers at all levels should ensure that differentiated and shared threats to boys and girls and their vulnerabilities are identified and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers (when relevant), other child protection partners and the responsible government authorities. A police child protection focal point shall be established. Child protection and child rights, including justice for children and other special protections in international law and standards applicable to children in contact with the law, shall be included not only in police training but in standard operating procedures as well as in police guidance as appropriate. Child protection shall be integrated into all police work, including when UN and international police personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State police services in conflict-affected countries. UN police personnel shall contribute to larger efforts to bring about positive change in national laws and practices, promoting the highest standards for protecting children. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, UN police personnel shall always consider the impact on children and their protection, including the appropriate measures to be taken to address any child protection concerns.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":790, "Sentence":"Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, UN police personnel shall always consider the impact on children and their protection, including the appropriate measures to be taken to address any child protection concerns.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities whenever order written activity planned un police personnel shall always consider impact child protection including appropriate measure taken address child protection concern ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with the standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Any form of support by United Nations police personnel or UN entities to non-UN security forces shall be governed by the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on United Nations Support to Non- UN Security Forces.1 This policy requires an assessment of the risk that recipients of UN support will commit grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law. If a level of risk is identified, mitigating measures shall be put in place. It is the responsibility of every UN entity providing support to undertake such a risk assessment. As identified in the HRDDP, \u201csupport\u201d encompasses a range of potential activities from training, mentoring and advisory services to joint operations conducted by UN and non-UN security forces. Risk assessments shall be undertaken prior to the delivery of support to recipients.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":791, "Sentence":"Any form of support by United Nations police personnel or UN entities to non-UN security forces shall be governed by the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on United Nations Support to Non- UN Security Forces.1 This policy requires an assessment of the risk that recipients of UN support will commit grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities form support united nation police personnel un entity nonun security force shall governed un human right due diligence policy united nation support non un security forces.1 policy requires assessment risk recipient un support commit grave violation international humanitarian human right refugee law ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with the standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Any form of support by United Nations police personnel or UN entities to non-UN security forces shall be governed by the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on United Nations Support to Non- UN Security Forces.1 This policy requires an assessment of the risk that recipients of UN support will commit grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law. If a level of risk is identified, mitigating measures shall be put in place. It is the responsibility of every UN entity providing support to undertake such a risk assessment. As identified in the HRDDP, \u201csupport\u201d encompasses a range of potential activities from training, mentoring and advisory services to joint operations conducted by UN and non-UN security forces. Risk assessments shall be undertaken prior to the delivery of support to recipients.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":791, "Sentence":"If a level of risk is identified, mitigating measures shall be put in place.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities level risk identified mitigating measure shall put place ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with the standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Any form of support by United Nations police personnel or UN entities to non-UN security forces shall be governed by the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on United Nations Support to Non- UN Security Forces.1 This policy requires an assessment of the risk that recipients of UN support will commit grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law. If a level of risk is identified, mitigating measures shall be put in place. It is the responsibility of every UN entity providing support to undertake such a risk assessment. As identified in the HRDDP, \u201csupport\u201d encompasses a range of potential activities from training, mentoring and advisory services to joint operations conducted by UN and non-UN security forces. Risk assessments shall be undertaken prior to the delivery of support to recipients.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":791, "Sentence":"It is the responsibility of every UN entity providing support to undertake such a risk assessment.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities responsibility every un entity providing support undertake risk assessment ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with the standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Any form of support by United Nations police personnel or UN entities to non-UN security forces shall be governed by the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on United Nations Support to Non- UN Security Forces.1 This policy requires an assessment of the risk that recipients of UN support will commit grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law. If a level of risk is identified, mitigating measures shall be put in place. It is the responsibility of every UN entity providing support to undertake such a risk assessment. As identified in the HRDDP, \u201csupport\u201d encompasses a range of potential activities from training, mentoring and advisory services to joint operations conducted by UN and non-UN security forces. Risk assessments shall be undertaken prior to the delivery of support to recipients.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":791, "Sentence":"As identified in the HRDDP, \u201csupport\u201d encompasses a range of potential activities from training, mentoring and advisory services to joint operations conducted by UN and non-UN security forces.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities identified hrddp \u201c support \u201d encompasses range potential activity training mentoring advisory service joint operation conducted un nonun security force ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People-centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with the standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Any form of support by United Nations police personnel or UN entities to non-UN security forces shall be governed by the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on United Nations Support to Non- UN Security Forces.1 This policy requires an assessment of the risk that recipients of UN support will commit grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law. If a level of risk is identified, mitigating measures shall be put in place. It is the responsibility of every UN entity providing support to undertake such a risk assessment. As identified in the HRDDP, \u201csupport\u201d encompasses a range of potential activities from training, mentoring and advisory services to joint operations conducted by UN and non-UN security forces. Risk assessments shall be undertaken prior to the delivery of support to recipients.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":791, "Sentence":"Risk assessments shall be undertaken prior to the delivery of support to recipients.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities risk assessment shall undertaken prior delivery support recipient ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Gender-sensitive policing is an operational necessity to address the different and shared security needs of women, men, boys and girls. Particular attention shall be granted to the ability of women, men, boys and girls to share protection threats that concern them and to help identify responses to these threats. Security Council Resolution 2185 (2014) on policing in peacekeeping emphasizes the promotion of gender equality as part of a comprehensive approach to conflict prevention and sustainable peace. UN police personnel shall use a gender analysis and incorporate gender considerations into key aspects of UN police operations such as assessment, planning, management, budgeting and capacity development programmes for police reform. UN police personnel shall promote non-discriminatory and adequate representation of qualified women in State police services at all levels and work to ensure that women in State police services are provided with equal capacity and career development opportunities. UN police personnel shall ensure adequate participation of female police officers in decision-making in the police reform process. UN police personnel shall recognize the specific needs and contributions of women in conflict and post-conflict environments, including the need for protection from sexual and gender-based violence and for community strategies to reflect women\u2019s needs, including through the deployment of women within FPUs and the establishment of special protection units.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":792, "Sentence":"Gender-sensitive policing is an operational necessity to address the different and shared security needs of women, men, boys and girls.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities gendersensitive policing operational necessity address different shared security need woman men boy girl ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Gender-sensitive policing is an operational necessity to address the different and shared security needs of women, men, boys and girls. Particular attention shall be granted to the ability of women, men, boys and girls to share protection threats that concern them and to help identify responses to these threats. Security Council Resolution 2185 (2014) on policing in peacekeeping emphasizes the promotion of gender equality as part of a comprehensive approach to conflict prevention and sustainable peace. UN police personnel shall use a gender analysis and incorporate gender considerations into key aspects of UN police operations such as assessment, planning, management, budgeting and capacity development programmes for police reform. UN police personnel shall promote non-discriminatory and adequate representation of qualified women in State police services at all levels and work to ensure that women in State police services are provided with equal capacity and career development opportunities. UN police personnel shall ensure adequate participation of female police officers in decision-making in the police reform process. UN police personnel shall recognize the specific needs and contributions of women in conflict and post-conflict environments, including the need for protection from sexual and gender-based violence and for community strategies to reflect women\u2019s needs, including through the deployment of women within FPUs and the establishment of special protection units.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":792, "Sentence":"Particular attention shall be granted to the ability of women, men, boys and girls to share protection threats that concern them and to help identify responses to these threats.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities particular attention shall granted ability woman men boy girl share protection threat concern help identify response threat ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Gender-sensitive policing is an operational necessity to address the different and shared security needs of women, men, boys and girls. Particular attention shall be granted to the ability of women, men, boys and girls to share protection threats that concern them and to help identify responses to these threats. Security Council Resolution 2185 (2014) on policing in peacekeeping emphasizes the promotion of gender equality as part of a comprehensive approach to conflict prevention and sustainable peace. UN police personnel shall use a gender analysis and incorporate gender considerations into key aspects of UN police operations such as assessment, planning, management, budgeting and capacity development programmes for police reform. UN police personnel shall promote non-discriminatory and adequate representation of qualified women in State police services at all levels and work to ensure that women in State police services are provided with equal capacity and career development opportunities. UN police personnel shall ensure adequate participation of female police officers in decision-making in the police reform process. UN police personnel shall recognize the specific needs and contributions of women in conflict and post-conflict environments, including the need for protection from sexual and gender-based violence and for community strategies to reflect women\u2019s needs, including through the deployment of women within FPUs and the establishment of special protection units.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":792, "Sentence":"Security Council Resolution 2185 (2014) on policing in peacekeeping emphasizes the promotion of gender equality as part of a comprehensive approach to conflict prevention and sustainable peace.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities security council resolution 2185 2014 policing peacekeeping emphasizes promotion gender equality part comprehensive approach conflict prevention sustainable peace ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Gender-sensitive policing is an operational necessity to address the different and shared security needs of women, men, boys and girls. Particular attention shall be granted to the ability of women, men, boys and girls to share protection threats that concern them and to help identify responses to these threats. Security Council Resolution 2185 (2014) on policing in peacekeeping emphasizes the promotion of gender equality as part of a comprehensive approach to conflict prevention and sustainable peace. UN police personnel shall use a gender analysis and incorporate gender considerations into key aspects of UN police operations such as assessment, planning, management, budgeting and capacity development programmes for police reform. UN police personnel shall promote non-discriminatory and adequate representation of qualified women in State police services at all levels and work to ensure that women in State police services are provided with equal capacity and career development opportunities. UN police personnel shall ensure adequate participation of female police officers in decision-making in the police reform process. UN police personnel shall recognize the specific needs and contributions of women in conflict and post-conflict environments, including the need for protection from sexual and gender-based violence and for community strategies to reflect women\u2019s needs, including through the deployment of women within FPUs and the establishment of special protection units.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":792, "Sentence":"UN police personnel shall use a gender analysis and incorporate gender considerations into key aspects of UN police operations such as assessment, planning, management, budgeting and capacity development programmes for police reform.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities un police personnel shall use gender analysis incorporate gender consideration key aspect un police operation assessment planning management budgeting capacity development programme police reform ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Gender-sensitive policing is an operational necessity to address the different and shared security needs of women, men, boys and girls. Particular attention shall be granted to the ability of women, men, boys and girls to share protection threats that concern them and to help identify responses to these threats. Security Council Resolution 2185 (2014) on policing in peacekeeping emphasizes the promotion of gender equality as part of a comprehensive approach to conflict prevention and sustainable peace. UN police personnel shall use a gender analysis and incorporate gender considerations into key aspects of UN police operations such as assessment, planning, management, budgeting and capacity development programmes for police reform. UN police personnel shall promote non-discriminatory and adequate representation of qualified women in State police services at all levels and work to ensure that women in State police services are provided with equal capacity and career development opportunities. UN police personnel shall ensure adequate participation of female police officers in decision-making in the police reform process. UN police personnel shall recognize the specific needs and contributions of women in conflict and post-conflict environments, including the need for protection from sexual and gender-based violence and for community strategies to reflect women\u2019s needs, including through the deployment of women within FPUs and the establishment of special protection units.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":792, "Sentence":"UN police personnel shall promote non-discriminatory and adequate representation of qualified women in State police services at all levels and work to ensure that women in State police services are provided with equal capacity and career development opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities un police personnel shall promote nondiscriminatory adequate representation qualified woman state police service level work ensure woman state police service provided equal capacity career development opportunity ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Gender-sensitive policing is an operational necessity to address the different and shared security needs of women, men, boys and girls. Particular attention shall be granted to the ability of women, men, boys and girls to share protection threats that concern them and to help identify responses to these threats. Security Council Resolution 2185 (2014) on policing in peacekeeping emphasizes the promotion of gender equality as part of a comprehensive approach to conflict prevention and sustainable peace. UN police personnel shall use a gender analysis and incorporate gender considerations into key aspects of UN police operations such as assessment, planning, management, budgeting and capacity development programmes for police reform. UN police personnel shall promote non-discriminatory and adequate representation of qualified women in State police services at all levels and work to ensure that women in State police services are provided with equal capacity and career development opportunities. UN police personnel shall ensure adequate participation of female police officers in decision-making in the police reform process. UN police personnel shall recognize the specific needs and contributions of women in conflict and post-conflict environments, including the need for protection from sexual and gender-based violence and for community strategies to reflect women\u2019s needs, including through the deployment of women within FPUs and the establishment of special protection units.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":792, "Sentence":"UN police personnel shall ensure adequate participation of female police officers in decision-making in the police reform process.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities un police personnel shall ensure adequate participation female police officer decisionmaking police reform process ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Gender-sensitive policing is an operational necessity to address the different and shared security needs of women, men, boys and girls. Particular attention shall be granted to the ability of women, men, boys and girls to share protection threats that concern them and to help identify responses to these threats. Security Council Resolution 2185 (2014) on policing in peacekeeping emphasizes the promotion of gender equality as part of a comprehensive approach to conflict prevention and sustainable peace. UN police personnel shall use a gender analysis and incorporate gender considerations into key aspects of UN police operations such as assessment, planning, management, budgeting and capacity development programmes for police reform. UN police personnel shall promote non-discriminatory and adequate representation of qualified women in State police services at all levels and work to ensure that women in State police services are provided with equal capacity and career development opportunities. UN police personnel shall ensure adequate participation of female police officers in decision-making in the police reform process. UN police personnel shall recognize the specific needs and contributions of women in conflict and post-conflict environments, including the need for protection from sexual and gender-based violence and for community strategies to reflect women\u2019s needs, including through the deployment of women within FPUs and the establishment of special protection units.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":792, "Sentence":"UN police personnel shall recognize the specific needs and contributions of women in conflict and post-conflict environments, including the need for protection from sexual and gender-based violence and for community strategies to reflect women\u2019s needs, including through the deployment of women within FPUs and the establishment of special protection units.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities un police personnel shall recognize specific need contribution woman conflict postconflict environment including need protection sexual genderbased violence community strategy reflect woman \u2019 need including deployment woman within fpus establishment special protection unit ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Community engagement through community-oriented policing shall not expose persons to risk or cause them harm \u2013 particularly those who may be at greatest risk, including the most vulnerable, human rights defenders and\/or civil society activists.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":793, "Sentence":"Community engagement through community-oriented policing shall not expose persons to risk or cause them harm \u2013 particularly those who may be at greatest risk, including the most vulnerable, human rights defenders and\/or civil society activists.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities community engagement communityoriented policing shall expose person risk cause harm \u2013 particularly may greatest risk including vulnerable human right defender and\/or civil society activist ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"There is no one-size-fits all policing policy and, as a result, there can be no standardized approach to determining police support to a particular DDR process. Instead, police support to DDR processes shall be context specific and in accordance with country plans and strategies.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":794, "Sentence":"There is no one-size-fits all policing policy and, as a result, there can be no standardized approach to determining police support to a particular DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities onesizefits policing policy result standardized approach determining police support particular ddr process ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"There is no one-size-fits all policing policy and, as a result, there can be no standardized approach to determining police support to a particular DDR process. Instead, police support to DDR processes shall be context specific and in accordance with country plans and strategies.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":794, "Sentence":"Instead, police support to DDR processes shall be context specific and in accordance with country plans and strategies.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities instead police support ddr process shall context specific accordance country plan strategy ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"4.6.1 Flexible, accountable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Police reform and capacity-building is a long-term commitment. Piecemeal police reform without sustained international support often brings no long-term benefits. However, contributing to the police reform process can be politically sensitive, and many donor countries are not willing to support this particular activity. It is therefore very important to make the best use of available resources by coordinating and integrating international support so that, through the united effort of all concerned, the best possible end result can be achieved.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":795, "Sentence":"Police reform and capacity-building is a long-term commitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities police reform capacitybuilding longterm commitment ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"4.6.1 Flexible, accountable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Police reform and capacity-building is a long-term commitment. Piecemeal police reform without sustained international support often brings no long-term benefits. However, contributing to the police reform process can be politically sensitive, and many donor countries are not willing to support this particular activity. It is therefore very important to make the best use of available resources by coordinating and integrating international support so that, through the united effort of all concerned, the best possible end result can be achieved.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":795, "Sentence":"Piecemeal police reform without sustained international support often brings no long-term benefits.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities piecemeal police reform without sustained international support often brings longterm benefit ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"4.6.1 Flexible, accountable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Police reform and capacity-building is a long-term commitment. Piecemeal police reform without sustained international support often brings no long-term benefits. However, contributing to the police reform process can be politically sensitive, and many donor countries are not willing to support this particular activity. It is therefore very important to make the best use of available resources by coordinating and integrating international support so that, through the united effort of all concerned, the best possible end result can be achieved.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":795, "Sentence":"However, contributing to the police reform process can be politically sensitive, and many donor countries are not willing to support this particular activity.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities however contributing police reform process politically sensitive many donor country willing support particular activity ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"4.6.1 Flexible, accountable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Police reform and capacity-building is a long-term commitment. Piecemeal police reform without sustained international support often brings no long-term benefits. However, contributing to the police reform process can be politically sensitive, and many donor countries are not willing to support this particular activity. It is therefore very important to make the best use of available resources by coordinating and integrating international support so that, through the united effort of all concerned, the best possible end result can be achieved.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":795, "Sentence":"It is therefore very important to make the best use of available resources by coordinating and integrating international support so that, through the united effort of all concerned, the best possible end result can be achieved.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities therefore important make best use available resource coordinating integrating international support united effort concerned best possible end result achieved ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Police reform, restructuring and development require strong national political will. This is demonstrated when measures are taken to ensure the promulgation and amendment of police regulations and police statutes. National political will is also shown by protecting police reform plans and processes from political interference. The police shall be a non-partisan institution that represents all groups and sex and age considerations within a nation, and police officers shall be responsible to the public through obeying and being loyal to a duly elected Government. Making resources available for paying regular salaries and providing basic needs such as uniforms are other ways of displaying political will and commitment. Ultimately, the police reform process shall be nationally owned and rooted in the particular needs and conditions of the country concerned and based on the development of expertise at the national and community levels. The sustainability of the reform depends on the level of national ownership of the entire process and the ability of the Government to support it in the long run.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":796, "Sentence":"Police reform, restructuring and development require strong national political will.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities police reform restructuring development require strong national political ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Police reform, restructuring and development require strong national political will. This is demonstrated when measures are taken to ensure the promulgation and amendment of police regulations and police statutes. National political will is also shown by protecting police reform plans and processes from political interference. The police shall be a non-partisan institution that represents all groups and sex and age considerations within a nation, and police officers shall be responsible to the public through obeying and being loyal to a duly elected Government. Making resources available for paying regular salaries and providing basic needs such as uniforms are other ways of displaying political will and commitment. Ultimately, the police reform process shall be nationally owned and rooted in the particular needs and conditions of the country concerned and based on the development of expertise at the national and community levels. The sustainability of the reform depends on the level of national ownership of the entire process and the ability of the Government to support it in the long run.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":796, "Sentence":"This is demonstrated when measures are taken to ensure the promulgation and amendment of police regulations and police statutes.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities demonstrated measure taken ensure promulgation amendment police regulation police statute ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Police reform, restructuring and development require strong national political will. This is demonstrated when measures are taken to ensure the promulgation and amendment of police regulations and police statutes. National political will is also shown by protecting police reform plans and processes from political interference. The police shall be a non-partisan institution that represents all groups and sex and age considerations within a nation, and police officers shall be responsible to the public through obeying and being loyal to a duly elected Government. Making resources available for paying regular salaries and providing basic needs such as uniforms are other ways of displaying political will and commitment. Ultimately, the police reform process shall be nationally owned and rooted in the particular needs and conditions of the country concerned and based on the development of expertise at the national and community levels. The sustainability of the reform depends on the level of national ownership of the entire process and the ability of the Government to support it in the long run.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":796, "Sentence":"National political will is also shown by protecting police reform plans and processes from political interference.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities national political also shown protecting police reform plan process political interference ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Police reform, restructuring and development require strong national political will. This is demonstrated when measures are taken to ensure the promulgation and amendment of police regulations and police statutes. National political will is also shown by protecting police reform plans and processes from political interference. The police shall be a non-partisan institution that represents all groups and sex and age considerations within a nation, and police officers shall be responsible to the public through obeying and being loyal to a duly elected Government. Making resources available for paying regular salaries and providing basic needs such as uniforms are other ways of displaying political will and commitment. Ultimately, the police reform process shall be nationally owned and rooted in the particular needs and conditions of the country concerned and based on the development of expertise at the national and community levels. The sustainability of the reform depends on the level of national ownership of the entire process and the ability of the Government to support it in the long run.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":796, "Sentence":"The police shall be a non-partisan institution that represents all groups and sex and age considerations within a nation, and police officers shall be responsible to the public through obeying and being loyal to a duly elected Government.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities police shall nonpartisan institution represents group sex age consideration within nation police officer shall responsible public obeying loyal duly elected government ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Police reform, restructuring and development require strong national political will. This is demonstrated when measures are taken to ensure the promulgation and amendment of police regulations and police statutes. National political will is also shown by protecting police reform plans and processes from political interference. The police shall be a non-partisan institution that represents all groups and sex and age considerations within a nation, and police officers shall be responsible to the public through obeying and being loyal to a duly elected Government. Making resources available for paying regular salaries and providing basic needs such as uniforms are other ways of displaying political will and commitment. Ultimately, the police reform process shall be nationally owned and rooted in the particular needs and conditions of the country concerned and based on the development of expertise at the national and community levels. The sustainability of the reform depends on the level of national ownership of the entire process and the ability of the Government to support it in the long run.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":796, "Sentence":"Making resources available for paying regular salaries and providing basic needs such as uniforms are other ways of displaying political will and commitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities making resource available paying regular salary providing basic need uniform way displaying political commitment ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Police reform, restructuring and development require strong national political will. This is demonstrated when measures are taken to ensure the promulgation and amendment of police regulations and police statutes. National political will is also shown by protecting police reform plans and processes from political interference. The police shall be a non-partisan institution that represents all groups and sex and age considerations within a nation, and police officers shall be responsible to the public through obeying and being loyal to a duly elected Government. Making resources available for paying regular salaries and providing basic needs such as uniforms are other ways of displaying political will and commitment. Ultimately, the police reform process shall be nationally owned and rooted in the particular needs and conditions of the country concerned and based on the development of expertise at the national and community levels. The sustainability of the reform depends on the level of national ownership of the entire process and the ability of the Government to support it in the long run.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":796, "Sentence":"Ultimately, the police reform process shall be nationally owned and rooted in the particular needs and conditions of the country concerned and based on the development of expertise at the national and community levels.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities ultimately police reform process shall nationally owned rooted particular need condition country concerned based development expertise national community level ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Police reform, restructuring and development require strong national political will. This is demonstrated when measures are taken to ensure the promulgation and amendment of police regulations and police statutes. National political will is also shown by protecting police reform plans and processes from political interference. The police shall be a non-partisan institution that represents all groups and sex and age considerations within a nation, and police officers shall be responsible to the public through obeying and being loyal to a duly elected Government. Making resources available for paying regular salaries and providing basic needs such as uniforms are other ways of displaying political will and commitment. Ultimately, the police reform process shall be nationally owned and rooted in the particular needs and conditions of the country concerned and based on the development of expertise at the national and community levels. The sustainability of the reform depends on the level of national ownership of the entire process and the ability of the Government to support it in the long run.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":796, "Sentence":"The sustainability of the reform depends on the level of national ownership of the entire process and the ability of the Government to support it in the long run.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities sustainability reform depends level national ownership entire process ability government support long run ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"When necessary, UN police personnel shall coordinate with international and regional police in information sharing and strategic and operational cooperation and planning, particularly when dealing with regional DDR processes, arms trafficking, terrorism and other trans-border crimes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":797, "Sentence":"When necessary, UN police personnel shall coordinate with international and regional police in information sharing and strategic and operational cooperation and planning, particularly when dealing with regional DDR processes, arms trafficking, terrorism and other trans-border crimes.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities necessary un police personnel shall coordinate international regional police information sharing strategic operational cooperation planning particularly dealing regional ddr process arm trafficking terrorism transborder crime ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"When police support to a DDR process is mandated by the Security Council or requested by a Government, it shall be integrated appropriately into DDR planning and management processes. Additionally, support to police reform cannot be an isolated activity and should take place at the same time as the reform and development of the criminal justice system, including prosecution, judiciary and prison systems, in a comprehensive SSR process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR). All three components of the criminal justice system work together and support one another.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":798, "Sentence":"When police support to a DDR process is mandated by the Security Council or requested by a Government, it shall be integrated appropriately into DDR planning and management processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities police support ddr process mandated security council requested government shall integrated appropriately ddr planning management process ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"When police support to a DDR process is mandated by the Security Council or requested by a Government, it shall be integrated appropriately into DDR planning and management processes. Additionally, support to police reform cannot be an isolated activity and should take place at the same time as the reform and development of the criminal justice system, including prosecution, judiciary and prison systems, in a comprehensive SSR process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR). All three components of the criminal justice system work together and support one another.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":798, "Sentence":"Additionally, support to police reform cannot be an isolated activity and should take place at the same time as the reform and development of the criminal justice system, including prosecution, judiciary and prison systems, in a comprehensive SSR process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities additionally support police reform isolated activity take place time reform development criminal justice system including prosecution judiciary prison system comprehensive ssr process see iddrs 6.10 ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"When police support to a DDR process is mandated by the Security Council or requested by a Government, it shall be integrated appropriately into DDR planning and management processes. Additionally, support to police reform cannot be an isolated activity and should take place at the same time as the reform and development of the criminal justice system, including prosecution, judiciary and prison systems, in a comprehensive SSR process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR). All three components of the criminal justice system work together and support one another.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":798, "Sentence":"All three components of the criminal justice system work together and support one another.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities three component criminal justice system work together support one another ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.1 Safety and security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"In DDR processes in mission settings, the protection of civilians and of UN personnel, their assets and freedom of movement can be provided by UN police personnel, either in the form of IPOs or FPUs. The support of IPOs and FPUs shall be sought if and when DDR personnel, sites and activities are endangered. FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU (see IDDRS 4.40 on UN Military Roles and Responsibilities).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":799, "Sentence":"In DDR processes in mission settings, the protection of civilians and of UN personnel, their assets and freedom of movement can be provided by UN police personnel, either in the form of IPOs or FPUs.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities ddr process mission setting protection civilian un personnel asset freedom movement provided un police personnel either form ipo fpus ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.1 Safety and security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"In DDR processes in mission settings, the protection of civilians and of UN personnel, their assets and freedom of movement can be provided by UN police personnel, either in the form of IPOs or FPUs. The support of IPOs and FPUs shall be sought if and when DDR personnel, sites and activities are endangered. FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU (see IDDRS 4.40 on UN Military Roles and Responsibilities).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":799, "Sentence":"The support of IPOs and FPUs shall be sought if and when DDR personnel, sites and activities are endangered.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities support ipo fpus shall sought ddr personnel site activity endangered ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.1 Safety and security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"In DDR processes in mission settings, the protection of civilians and of UN personnel, their assets and freedom of movement can be provided by UN police personnel, either in the form of IPOs or FPUs. The support of IPOs and FPUs shall be sought if and when DDR personnel, sites and activities are endangered. FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU (see IDDRS 4.40 on UN Military Roles and Responsibilities).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":799, "Sentence":"FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities fpu engagement shall always limited regular maintenance law order shall cross highrisk matter weapon security military security ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.1 Safety and security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"In DDR processes in mission settings, the protection of civilians and of UN personnel, their assets and freedom of movement can be provided by UN police personnel, either in the form of IPOs or FPUs. The support of IPOs and FPUs shall be sought if and when DDR personnel, sites and activities are endangered. FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU (see IDDRS 4.40 on UN Military Roles and Responsibilities).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":799, "Sentence":"If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU (see IDDRS 4.40 on UN Military Roles and Responsibilities).", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities situation escalate involve violence use firearm military unit shall alerted order ready support fpu see iddrs 4.40 un military role responsibility ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.2 Transitional and exit strategies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Often during armed conflict, State police services are reduced in size and many of the functions of the police are taken over by the military. As peace returns, the State police service and other law enforcement institutions often need to be restructured and their role in maintaining internal security and public order re-established and strengthened. While a short transition period increases the chances of successfully establishing accountable public institutions, the withdrawal of an international police presence shall be a carefully planned exercise, and the pace of this withdrawal shall be based on the ability of State security institutions to take over the maintenance of security and public order.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":800, "Sentence":"Often during armed conflict, State police services are reduced in size and many of the functions of the police are taken over by the military.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities often armed conflict state police service reduced size many function police taken military ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.2 Transitional and exit strategies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Often during armed conflict, State police services are reduced in size and many of the functions of the police are taken over by the military. As peace returns, the State police service and other law enforcement institutions often need to be restructured and their role in maintaining internal security and public order re-established and strengthened. While a short transition period increases the chances of successfully establishing accountable public institutions, the withdrawal of an international police presence shall be a carefully planned exercise, and the pace of this withdrawal shall be based on the ability of State security institutions to take over the maintenance of security and public order.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":800, "Sentence":"As peace returns, the State police service and other law enforcement institutions often need to be restructured and their role in maintaining internal security and public order re-established and strengthened.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities peace return state police service law enforcement institution often need restructured role maintaining internal security public order reestablished strengthened ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.2 Transitional and exit strategies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Often during armed conflict, State police services are reduced in size and many of the functions of the police are taken over by the military. As peace returns, the State police service and other law enforcement institutions often need to be restructured and their role in maintaining internal security and public order re-established and strengthened. While a short transition period increases the chances of successfully establishing accountable public institutions, the withdrawal of an international police presence shall be a carefully planned exercise, and the pace of this withdrawal shall be based on the ability of State security institutions to take over the maintenance of security and public order.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":800, "Sentence":"While a short transition period increases the chances of successfully establishing accountable public institutions, the withdrawal of an international police presence shall be a carefully planned exercise, and the pace of this withdrawal shall be based on the ability of State security institutions to take over the maintenance of security and public order.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities short transition period increase chance successfully establishing accountable public institution withdrawal international police presence shall carefully planned exercise pace withdrawal shall based ability state security institution take maintenance security public order ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The mechanism for the deployment of UN police differs in both mission and non-mission settings.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":801, "Sentence":"The mechanism for the deployment of UN police differs in both mission and non-mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities mechanism deployment un police differs mission nonmission setting ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In mission settings, the deployment of UN police personnel is defined during pre-mission assessment and pre-deployment planning:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":802, "Sentence":"In mission settings, the deployment of UN police personnel is defined during pre-mission assessment and pre-deployment planning:", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities mission setting deployment un police personnel defined premission assessment predeployment planning" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The pre-mission assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As soon as the possibility of UN involvement in peacekeeping activities becomes evident, a multi- agency technical team will visit the area to draw up an operational strategy. The level of engagement of UN police will be decided based on the existing structures and capability of the State police service, including its legal basis; human resources; and administrative, technical, management and operational capabilities, including a gender analysis. The police assessment takes into account the capabilities of the State police service that are in place to deal with the immediate problems of the conflict and post-conflict environment. It also estimates what would be required to ensure the long- term effectiveness of the State police service as it is redeveloped into a professional police service. Of critical importance during this assessment is the identification of the various security agencies that are actually performing law enforcement tasks. During conflict, military intelligence units may have been utilized to perform law enforcement functions. Paramilitary forces and other irregular forces may have also carried out these functions, using methods and techniques that would exceed the ordinary capacities of a State police service.During the assessment phase, it should be decided whether the State police service is also to be included in the DDR process. Police may have been directly involved in the conflict as combatants or as supporters of the armed forces. If this is the case, maintaining the same police in service could jeopardize the peace and stability of the nation. Furthermore, the police as an institution would have to be disarmed, demobilized, adequately vetted for any violation of human rights, and then re- recruited and trained to perform proper policing functions.1The assessment phase should also examine the extent to which disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) will be required. UN police personnel can play a central role in contributing to the assessment and identification of the number and type of small arms in the possession of civilians and armed groups, in close cooperation with national authorities and civil society. This assessment should also evaluate the capacity of the State police service to protect civilians in light of the prospective number of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependents who will be demobilized and supported to return and reintegrate into the community, as well as the impact of this return on public order and security at national and community levels.UN police personnel should then, with the approval of the national authorities and in coordination with relevant stakeholders, contribute to a preliminary assessment of the possibility of rapid rearmament by armed groups due to unregulated arms possession and arms flows. Legal statutes to regulate the possession of arms by individuals for self-protection should be carefully assessed, and recommendations in support of appropriate weapons control should be made. If it is necessary to rapidly reduce the number of weapons in circulation, ad hoc provisions, in the form of decrees emanating from the central, regional and provincial authorities, can be recommended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":803, "Sentence":"As soon as the possibility of UN involvement in peacekeeping activities becomes evident, a multi- agency technical team will visit the area to draw up an operational strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities soon possibility un involvement peacekeeping activity becomes evident multi agency technical team visit area draw operational strategy ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The pre-mission assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As soon as the possibility of UN involvement in peacekeeping activities becomes evident, a multi- agency technical team will visit the area to draw up an operational strategy. The level of engagement of UN police will be decided based on the existing structures and capability of the State police service, including its legal basis; human resources; and administrative, technical, management and operational capabilities, including a gender analysis. The police assessment takes into account the capabilities of the State police service that are in place to deal with the immediate problems of the conflict and post-conflict environment. It also estimates what would be required to ensure the long- term effectiveness of the State police service as it is redeveloped into a professional police service. Of critical importance during this assessment is the identification of the various security agencies that are actually performing law enforcement tasks. During conflict, military intelligence units may have been utilized to perform law enforcement functions. Paramilitary forces and other irregular forces may have also carried out these functions, using methods and techniques that would exceed the ordinary capacities of a State police service.During the assessment phase, it should be decided whether the State police service is also to be included in the DDR process. Police may have been directly involved in the conflict as combatants or as supporters of the armed forces. If this is the case, maintaining the same police in service could jeopardize the peace and stability of the nation. Furthermore, the police as an institution would have to be disarmed, demobilized, adequately vetted for any violation of human rights, and then re- recruited and trained to perform proper policing functions.1The assessment phase should also examine the extent to which disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) will be required. UN police personnel can play a central role in contributing to the assessment and identification of the number and type of small arms in the possession of civilians and armed groups, in close cooperation with national authorities and civil society. This assessment should also evaluate the capacity of the State police service to protect civilians in light of the prospective number of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependents who will be demobilized and supported to return and reintegrate into the community, as well as the impact of this return on public order and security at national and community levels.UN police personnel should then, with the approval of the national authorities and in coordination with relevant stakeholders, contribute to a preliminary assessment of the possibility of rapid rearmament by armed groups due to unregulated arms possession and arms flows. Legal statutes to regulate the possession of arms by individuals for self-protection should be carefully assessed, and recommendations in support of appropriate weapons control should be made. If it is necessary to rapidly reduce the number of weapons in circulation, ad hoc provisions, in the form of decrees emanating from the central, regional and provincial authorities, can be recommended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":803, "Sentence":"The level of engagement of UN police will be decided based on the existing structures and capability of the State police service, including its legal basis; human resources; and administrative, technical, management and operational capabilities, including a gender analysis.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities level engagement un police decided based existing structure capability state police service including legal basis human resource administrative technical management operational capability including gender analysis ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The pre-mission assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As soon as the possibility of UN involvement in peacekeeping activities becomes evident, a multi- agency technical team will visit the area to draw up an operational strategy. The level of engagement of UN police will be decided based on the existing structures and capability of the State police service, including its legal basis; human resources; and administrative, technical, management and operational capabilities, including a gender analysis. The police assessment takes into account the capabilities of the State police service that are in place to deal with the immediate problems of the conflict and post-conflict environment. It also estimates what would be required to ensure the long- term effectiveness of the State police service as it is redeveloped into a professional police service. Of critical importance during this assessment is the identification of the various security agencies that are actually performing law enforcement tasks. During conflict, military intelligence units may have been utilized to perform law enforcement functions. Paramilitary forces and other irregular forces may have also carried out these functions, using methods and techniques that would exceed the ordinary capacities of a State police service.During the assessment phase, it should be decided whether the State police service is also to be included in the DDR process. Police may have been directly involved in the conflict as combatants or as supporters of the armed forces. If this is the case, maintaining the same police in service could jeopardize the peace and stability of the nation. Furthermore, the police as an institution would have to be disarmed, demobilized, adequately vetted for any violation of human rights, and then re- recruited and trained to perform proper policing functions.1The assessment phase should also examine the extent to which disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) will be required. UN police personnel can play a central role in contributing to the assessment and identification of the number and type of small arms in the possession of civilians and armed groups, in close cooperation with national authorities and civil society. This assessment should also evaluate the capacity of the State police service to protect civilians in light of the prospective number of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependents who will be demobilized and supported to return and reintegrate into the community, as well as the impact of this return on public order and security at national and community levels.UN police personnel should then, with the approval of the national authorities and in coordination with relevant stakeholders, contribute to a preliminary assessment of the possibility of rapid rearmament by armed groups due to unregulated arms possession and arms flows. Legal statutes to regulate the possession of arms by individuals for self-protection should be carefully assessed, and recommendations in support of appropriate weapons control should be made. If it is necessary to rapidly reduce the number of weapons in circulation, ad hoc provisions, in the form of decrees emanating from the central, regional and provincial authorities, can be recommended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":803, "Sentence":"The police assessment takes into account the capabilities of the State police service that are in place to deal with the immediate problems of the conflict and post-conflict environment.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities police assessment take account capability state police service place deal immediate problem conflict postconflict environment ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The pre-mission assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As soon as the possibility of UN involvement in peacekeeping activities becomes evident, a multi- agency technical team will visit the area to draw up an operational strategy. The level of engagement of UN police will be decided based on the existing structures and capability of the State police service, including its legal basis; human resources; and administrative, technical, management and operational capabilities, including a gender analysis. The police assessment takes into account the capabilities of the State police service that are in place to deal with the immediate problems of the conflict and post-conflict environment. It also estimates what would be required to ensure the long- term effectiveness of the State police service as it is redeveloped into a professional police service. Of critical importance during this assessment is the identification of the various security agencies that are actually performing law enforcement tasks. During conflict, military intelligence units may have been utilized to perform law enforcement functions. Paramilitary forces and other irregular forces may have also carried out these functions, using methods and techniques that would exceed the ordinary capacities of a State police service.During the assessment phase, it should be decided whether the State police service is also to be included in the DDR process. Police may have been directly involved in the conflict as combatants or as supporters of the armed forces. If this is the case, maintaining the same police in service could jeopardize the peace and stability of the nation. Furthermore, the police as an institution would have to be disarmed, demobilized, adequately vetted for any violation of human rights, and then re- recruited and trained to perform proper policing functions.1The assessment phase should also examine the extent to which disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) will be required. UN police personnel can play a central role in contributing to the assessment and identification of the number and type of small arms in the possession of civilians and armed groups, in close cooperation with national authorities and civil society. This assessment should also evaluate the capacity of the State police service to protect civilians in light of the prospective number of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependents who will be demobilized and supported to return and reintegrate into the community, as well as the impact of this return on public order and security at national and community levels.UN police personnel should then, with the approval of the national authorities and in coordination with relevant stakeholders, contribute to a preliminary assessment of the possibility of rapid rearmament by armed groups due to unregulated arms possession and arms flows. Legal statutes to regulate the possession of arms by individuals for self-protection should be carefully assessed, and recommendations in support of appropriate weapons control should be made. If it is necessary to rapidly reduce the number of weapons in circulation, ad hoc provisions, in the form of decrees emanating from the central, regional and provincial authorities, can be recommended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":803, "Sentence":"It also estimates what would be required to ensure the long- term effectiveness of the State police service as it is redeveloped into a professional police service.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities also estimate would required ensure long term effectiveness state police service redeveloped professional police service ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The pre-mission assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As soon as the possibility of UN involvement in peacekeeping activities becomes evident, a multi- agency technical team will visit the area to draw up an operational strategy. The level of engagement of UN police will be decided based on the existing structures and capability of the State police service, including its legal basis; human resources; and administrative, technical, management and operational capabilities, including a gender analysis. The police assessment takes into account the capabilities of the State police service that are in place to deal with the immediate problems of the conflict and post-conflict environment. It also estimates what would be required to ensure the long- term effectiveness of the State police service as it is redeveloped into a professional police service. Of critical importance during this assessment is the identification of the various security agencies that are actually performing law enforcement tasks. During conflict, military intelligence units may have been utilized to perform law enforcement functions. Paramilitary forces and other irregular forces may have also carried out these functions, using methods and techniques that would exceed the ordinary capacities of a State police service.During the assessment phase, it should be decided whether the State police service is also to be included in the DDR process. Police may have been directly involved in the conflict as combatants or as supporters of the armed forces. If this is the case, maintaining the same police in service could jeopardize the peace and stability of the nation. Furthermore, the police as an institution would have to be disarmed, demobilized, adequately vetted for any violation of human rights, and then re- recruited and trained to perform proper policing functions.1The assessment phase should also examine the extent to which disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) will be required. UN police personnel can play a central role in contributing to the assessment and identification of the number and type of small arms in the possession of civilians and armed groups, in close cooperation with national authorities and civil society. This assessment should also evaluate the capacity of the State police service to protect civilians in light of the prospective number of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependents who will be demobilized and supported to return and reintegrate into the community, as well as the impact of this return on public order and security at national and community levels.UN police personnel should then, with the approval of the national authorities and in coordination with relevant stakeholders, contribute to a preliminary assessment of the possibility of rapid rearmament by armed groups due to unregulated arms possession and arms flows. Legal statutes to regulate the possession of arms by individuals for self-protection should be carefully assessed, and recommendations in support of appropriate weapons control should be made. If it is necessary to rapidly reduce the number of weapons in circulation, ad hoc provisions, in the form of decrees emanating from the central, regional and provincial authorities, can be recommended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":803, "Sentence":"Of critical importance during this assessment is the identification of the various security agencies that are actually performing law enforcement tasks.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities critical importance assessment identification various security agency actually performing law enforcement task ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The pre-mission assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As soon as the possibility of UN involvement in peacekeeping activities becomes evident, a multi- agency technical team will visit the area to draw up an operational strategy. The level of engagement of UN police will be decided based on the existing structures and capability of the State police service, including its legal basis; human resources; and administrative, technical, management and operational capabilities, including a gender analysis. The police assessment takes into account the capabilities of the State police service that are in place to deal with the immediate problems of the conflict and post-conflict environment. It also estimates what would be required to ensure the long- term effectiveness of the State police service as it is redeveloped into a professional police service. Of critical importance during this assessment is the identification of the various security agencies that are actually performing law enforcement tasks. During conflict, military intelligence units may have been utilized to perform law enforcement functions. Paramilitary forces and other irregular forces may have also carried out these functions, using methods and techniques that would exceed the ordinary capacities of a State police service.During the assessment phase, it should be decided whether the State police service is also to be included in the DDR process. Police may have been directly involved in the conflict as combatants or as supporters of the armed forces. If this is the case, maintaining the same police in service could jeopardize the peace and stability of the nation. Furthermore, the police as an institution would have to be disarmed, demobilized, adequately vetted for any violation of human rights, and then re- recruited and trained to perform proper policing functions.1The assessment phase should also examine the extent to which disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) will be required. UN police personnel can play a central role in contributing to the assessment and identification of the number and type of small arms in the possession of civilians and armed groups, in close cooperation with national authorities and civil society. This assessment should also evaluate the capacity of the State police service to protect civilians in light of the prospective number of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependents who will be demobilized and supported to return and reintegrate into the community, as well as the impact of this return on public order and security at national and community levels.UN police personnel should then, with the approval of the national authorities and in coordination with relevant stakeholders, contribute to a preliminary assessment of the possibility of rapid rearmament by armed groups due to unregulated arms possession and arms flows. Legal statutes to regulate the possession of arms by individuals for self-protection should be carefully assessed, and recommendations in support of appropriate weapons control should be made. If it is necessary to rapidly reduce the number of weapons in circulation, ad hoc provisions, in the form of decrees emanating from the central, regional and provincial authorities, can be recommended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":803, "Sentence":"During conflict, military intelligence units may have been utilized to perform law enforcement functions.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities conflict military intelligence unit may utilized perform law enforcement function ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The pre-mission assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As soon as the possibility of UN involvement in peacekeeping activities becomes evident, a multi- agency technical team will visit the area to draw up an operational strategy. The level of engagement of UN police will be decided based on the existing structures and capability of the State police service, including its legal basis; human resources; and administrative, technical, management and operational capabilities, including a gender analysis. The police assessment takes into account the capabilities of the State police service that are in place to deal with the immediate problems of the conflict and post-conflict environment. It also estimates what would be required to ensure the long- term effectiveness of the State police service as it is redeveloped into a professional police service. Of critical importance during this assessment is the identification of the various security agencies that are actually performing law enforcement tasks. During conflict, military intelligence units may have been utilized to perform law enforcement functions. Paramilitary forces and other irregular forces may have also carried out these functions, using methods and techniques that would exceed the ordinary capacities of a State police service.During the assessment phase, it should be decided whether the State police service is also to be included in the DDR process. Police may have been directly involved in the conflict as combatants or as supporters of the armed forces. If this is the case, maintaining the same police in service could jeopardize the peace and stability of the nation. Furthermore, the police as an institution would have to be disarmed, demobilized, adequately vetted for any violation of human rights, and then re- recruited and trained to perform proper policing functions.1The assessment phase should also examine the extent to which disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) will be required. UN police personnel can play a central role in contributing to the assessment and identification of the number and type of small arms in the possession of civilians and armed groups, in close cooperation with national authorities and civil society. This assessment should also evaluate the capacity of the State police service to protect civilians in light of the prospective number of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependents who will be demobilized and supported to return and reintegrate into the community, as well as the impact of this return on public order and security at national and community levels.UN police personnel should then, with the approval of the national authorities and in coordination with relevant stakeholders, contribute to a preliminary assessment of the possibility of rapid rearmament by armed groups due to unregulated arms possession and arms flows. Legal statutes to regulate the possession of arms by individuals for self-protection should be carefully assessed, and recommendations in support of appropriate weapons control should be made. If it is necessary to rapidly reduce the number of weapons in circulation, ad hoc provisions, in the form of decrees emanating from the central, regional and provincial authorities, can be recommended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":803, "Sentence":"Paramilitary forces and other irregular forces may have also carried out these functions, using methods and techniques that would exceed the ordinary capacities of a State police service.During the assessment phase, it should be decided whether the State police service is also to be included in the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities paramilitary force irregular force may also carried function using method technique would exceed ordinary capacity state police service.during assessment phase decided whether state police service also included ddr process ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The pre-mission assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As soon as the possibility of UN involvement in peacekeeping activities becomes evident, a multi- agency technical team will visit the area to draw up an operational strategy. The level of engagement of UN police will be decided based on the existing structures and capability of the State police service, including its legal basis; human resources; and administrative, technical, management and operational capabilities, including a gender analysis. The police assessment takes into account the capabilities of the State police service that are in place to deal with the immediate problems of the conflict and post-conflict environment. It also estimates what would be required to ensure the long- term effectiveness of the State police service as it is redeveloped into a professional police service. Of critical importance during this assessment is the identification of the various security agencies that are actually performing law enforcement tasks. During conflict, military intelligence units may have been utilized to perform law enforcement functions. Paramilitary forces and other irregular forces may have also carried out these functions, using methods and techniques that would exceed the ordinary capacities of a State police service.During the assessment phase, it should be decided whether the State police service is also to be included in the DDR process. Police may have been directly involved in the conflict as combatants or as supporters of the armed forces. If this is the case, maintaining the same police in service could jeopardize the peace and stability of the nation. Furthermore, the police as an institution would have to be disarmed, demobilized, adequately vetted for any violation of human rights, and then re- recruited and trained to perform proper policing functions.1The assessment phase should also examine the extent to which disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) will be required. UN police personnel can play a central role in contributing to the assessment and identification of the number and type of small arms in the possession of civilians and armed groups, in close cooperation with national authorities and civil society. This assessment should also evaluate the capacity of the State police service to protect civilians in light of the prospective number of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependents who will be demobilized and supported to return and reintegrate into the community, as well as the impact of this return on public order and security at national and community levels.UN police personnel should then, with the approval of the national authorities and in coordination with relevant stakeholders, contribute to a preliminary assessment of the possibility of rapid rearmament by armed groups due to unregulated arms possession and arms flows. Legal statutes to regulate the possession of arms by individuals for self-protection should be carefully assessed, and recommendations in support of appropriate weapons control should be made. If it is necessary to rapidly reduce the number of weapons in circulation, ad hoc provisions, in the form of decrees emanating from the central, regional and provincial authorities, can be recommended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":803, "Sentence":"Police may have been directly involved in the conflict as combatants or as supporters of the armed forces.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities police may directly involved conflict combatant supporter armed force ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The pre-mission assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As soon as the possibility of UN involvement in peacekeeping activities becomes evident, a multi- agency technical team will visit the area to draw up an operational strategy. The level of engagement of UN police will be decided based on the existing structures and capability of the State police service, including its legal basis; human resources; and administrative, technical, management and operational capabilities, including a gender analysis. The police assessment takes into account the capabilities of the State police service that are in place to deal with the immediate problems of the conflict and post-conflict environment. It also estimates what would be required to ensure the long- term effectiveness of the State police service as it is redeveloped into a professional police service. Of critical importance during this assessment is the identification of the various security agencies that are actually performing law enforcement tasks. During conflict, military intelligence units may have been utilized to perform law enforcement functions. Paramilitary forces and other irregular forces may have also carried out these functions, using methods and techniques that would exceed the ordinary capacities of a State police service.During the assessment phase, it should be decided whether the State police service is also to be included in the DDR process. Police may have been directly involved in the conflict as combatants or as supporters of the armed forces. If this is the case, maintaining the same police in service could jeopardize the peace and stability of the nation. Furthermore, the police as an institution would have to be disarmed, demobilized, adequately vetted for any violation of human rights, and then re- recruited and trained to perform proper policing functions.1The assessment phase should also examine the extent to which disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) will be required. UN police personnel can play a central role in contributing to the assessment and identification of the number and type of small arms in the possession of civilians and armed groups, in close cooperation with national authorities and civil society. This assessment should also evaluate the capacity of the State police service to protect civilians in light of the prospective number of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependents who will be demobilized and supported to return and reintegrate into the community, as well as the impact of this return on public order and security at national and community levels.UN police personnel should then, with the approval of the national authorities and in coordination with relevant stakeholders, contribute to a preliminary assessment of the possibility of rapid rearmament by armed groups due to unregulated arms possession and arms flows. Legal statutes to regulate the possession of arms by individuals for self-protection should be carefully assessed, and recommendations in support of appropriate weapons control should be made. If it is necessary to rapidly reduce the number of weapons in circulation, ad hoc provisions, in the form of decrees emanating from the central, regional and provincial authorities, can be recommended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":803, "Sentence":"If this is the case, maintaining the same police in service could jeopardize the peace and stability of the nation.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities case maintaining police service could jeopardize peace stability nation ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The pre-mission assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As soon as the possibility of UN involvement in peacekeeping activities becomes evident, a multi- agency technical team will visit the area to draw up an operational strategy. The level of engagement of UN police will be decided based on the existing structures and capability of the State police service, including its legal basis; human resources; and administrative, technical, management and operational capabilities, including a gender analysis. The police assessment takes into account the capabilities of the State police service that are in place to deal with the immediate problems of the conflict and post-conflict environment. It also estimates what would be required to ensure the long- term effectiveness of the State police service as it is redeveloped into a professional police service. Of critical importance during this assessment is the identification of the various security agencies that are actually performing law enforcement tasks. During conflict, military intelligence units may have been utilized to perform law enforcement functions. Paramilitary forces and other irregular forces may have also carried out these functions, using methods and techniques that would exceed the ordinary capacities of a State police service.During the assessment phase, it should be decided whether the State police service is also to be included in the DDR process. Police may have been directly involved in the conflict as combatants or as supporters of the armed forces. If this is the case, maintaining the same police in service could jeopardize the peace and stability of the nation. Furthermore, the police as an institution would have to be disarmed, demobilized, adequately vetted for any violation of human rights, and then re- recruited and trained to perform proper policing functions.1The assessment phase should also examine the extent to which disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) will be required. UN police personnel can play a central role in contributing to the assessment and identification of the number and type of small arms in the possession of civilians and armed groups, in close cooperation with national authorities and civil society. This assessment should also evaluate the capacity of the State police service to protect civilians in light of the prospective number of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependents who will be demobilized and supported to return and reintegrate into the community, as well as the impact of this return on public order and security at national and community levels.UN police personnel should then, with the approval of the national authorities and in coordination with relevant stakeholders, contribute to a preliminary assessment of the possibility of rapid rearmament by armed groups due to unregulated arms possession and arms flows. Legal statutes to regulate the possession of arms by individuals for self-protection should be carefully assessed, and recommendations in support of appropriate weapons control should be made. If it is necessary to rapidly reduce the number of weapons in circulation, ad hoc provisions, in the form of decrees emanating from the central, regional and provincial authorities, can be recommended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":803, "Sentence":"Furthermore, the police as an institution would have to be disarmed, demobilized, adequately vetted for any violation of human rights, and then re- recruited and trained to perform proper policing functions.1The assessment phase should also examine the extent to which disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) will be required.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities furthermore police institution would disarmed demobilized adequately vetted violation human right recruited trained perform proper policing functions.1the assessment phase also examine extent disarmament transitional weapon ammunition management wam required ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The pre-mission assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As soon as the possibility of UN involvement in peacekeeping activities becomes evident, a multi- agency technical team will visit the area to draw up an operational strategy. The level of engagement of UN police will be decided based on the existing structures and capability of the State police service, including its legal basis; human resources; and administrative, technical, management and operational capabilities, including a gender analysis. The police assessment takes into account the capabilities of the State police service that are in place to deal with the immediate problems of the conflict and post-conflict environment. It also estimates what would be required to ensure the long- term effectiveness of the State police service as it is redeveloped into a professional police service. Of critical importance during this assessment is the identification of the various security agencies that are actually performing law enforcement tasks. During conflict, military intelligence units may have been utilized to perform law enforcement functions. Paramilitary forces and other irregular forces may have also carried out these functions, using methods and techniques that would exceed the ordinary capacities of a State police service.During the assessment phase, it should be decided whether the State police service is also to be included in the DDR process. Police may have been directly involved in the conflict as combatants or as supporters of the armed forces. If this is the case, maintaining the same police in service could jeopardize the peace and stability of the nation. Furthermore, the police as an institution would have to be disarmed, demobilized, adequately vetted for any violation of human rights, and then re- recruited and trained to perform proper policing functions.1The assessment phase should also examine the extent to which disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) will be required. UN police personnel can play a central role in contributing to the assessment and identification of the number and type of small arms in the possession of civilians and armed groups, in close cooperation with national authorities and civil society. This assessment should also evaluate the capacity of the State police service to protect civilians in light of the prospective number of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependents who will be demobilized and supported to return and reintegrate into the community, as well as the impact of this return on public order and security at national and community levels.UN police personnel should then, with the approval of the national authorities and in coordination with relevant stakeholders, contribute to a preliminary assessment of the possibility of rapid rearmament by armed groups due to unregulated arms possession and arms flows. Legal statutes to regulate the possession of arms by individuals for self-protection should be carefully assessed, and recommendations in support of appropriate weapons control should be made. If it is necessary to rapidly reduce the number of weapons in circulation, ad hoc provisions, in the form of decrees emanating from the central, regional and provincial authorities, can be recommended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":803, "Sentence":"UN police personnel can play a central role in contributing to the assessment and identification of the number and type of small arms in the possession of civilians and armed groups, in close cooperation with national authorities and civil society.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities un police personnel play central role contributing assessment identification number type small arm possession civilian armed group close cooperation national authority civil society ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The pre-mission assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As soon as the possibility of UN involvement in peacekeeping activities becomes evident, a multi- agency technical team will visit the area to draw up an operational strategy. The level of engagement of UN police will be decided based on the existing structures and capability of the State police service, including its legal basis; human resources; and administrative, technical, management and operational capabilities, including a gender analysis. The police assessment takes into account the capabilities of the State police service that are in place to deal with the immediate problems of the conflict and post-conflict environment. It also estimates what would be required to ensure the long- term effectiveness of the State police service as it is redeveloped into a professional police service. Of critical importance during this assessment is the identification of the various security agencies that are actually performing law enforcement tasks. During conflict, military intelligence units may have been utilized to perform law enforcement functions. Paramilitary forces and other irregular forces may have also carried out these functions, using methods and techniques that would exceed the ordinary capacities of a State police service.During the assessment phase, it should be decided whether the State police service is also to be included in the DDR process. Police may have been directly involved in the conflict as combatants or as supporters of the armed forces. If this is the case, maintaining the same police in service could jeopardize the peace and stability of the nation. Furthermore, the police as an institution would have to be disarmed, demobilized, adequately vetted for any violation of human rights, and then re- recruited and trained to perform proper policing functions.1The assessment phase should also examine the extent to which disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) will be required. UN police personnel can play a central role in contributing to the assessment and identification of the number and type of small arms in the possession of civilians and armed groups, in close cooperation with national authorities and civil society. This assessment should also evaluate the capacity of the State police service to protect civilians in light of the prospective number of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependents who will be demobilized and supported to return and reintegrate into the community, as well as the impact of this return on public order and security at national and community levels.UN police personnel should then, with the approval of the national authorities and in coordination with relevant stakeholders, contribute to a preliminary assessment of the possibility of rapid rearmament by armed groups due to unregulated arms possession and arms flows. Legal statutes to regulate the possession of arms by individuals for self-protection should be carefully assessed, and recommendations in support of appropriate weapons control should be made. If it is necessary to rapidly reduce the number of weapons in circulation, ad hoc provisions, in the form of decrees emanating from the central, regional and provincial authorities, can be recommended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":803, "Sentence":"This assessment should also evaluate the capacity of the State police service to protect civilians in light of the prospective number of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependents who will be demobilized and supported to return and reintegrate into the community, as well as the impact of this return on public order and security at national and community levels.UN police personnel should then, with the approval of the national authorities and in coordination with relevant stakeholders, contribute to a preliminary assessment of the possibility of rapid rearmament by armed groups due to unregulated arms possession and arms flows.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities assessment also evaluate capacity state police service protect civilian light prospective number combatant person associated armed force group dependent demobilized supported return reintegrate community well impact return public order security national community levels.un police personnel approval national authority coordination relevant stakeholder contribute preliminary assessment possibility rapid rearmament armed group due unregulated arm possession arm flow ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The pre-mission assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As soon as the possibility of UN involvement in peacekeeping activities becomes evident, a multi- agency technical team will visit the area to draw up an operational strategy. The level of engagement of UN police will be decided based on the existing structures and capability of the State police service, including its legal basis; human resources; and administrative, technical, management and operational capabilities, including a gender analysis. The police assessment takes into account the capabilities of the State police service that are in place to deal with the immediate problems of the conflict and post-conflict environment. It also estimates what would be required to ensure the long- term effectiveness of the State police service as it is redeveloped into a professional police service. Of critical importance during this assessment is the identification of the various security agencies that are actually performing law enforcement tasks. During conflict, military intelligence units may have been utilized to perform law enforcement functions. Paramilitary forces and other irregular forces may have also carried out these functions, using methods and techniques that would exceed the ordinary capacities of a State police service.During the assessment phase, it should be decided whether the State police service is also to be included in the DDR process. Police may have been directly involved in the conflict as combatants or as supporters of the armed forces. If this is the case, maintaining the same police in service could jeopardize the peace and stability of the nation. Furthermore, the police as an institution would have to be disarmed, demobilized, adequately vetted for any violation of human rights, and then re- recruited and trained to perform proper policing functions.1The assessment phase should also examine the extent to which disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) will be required. UN police personnel can play a central role in contributing to the assessment and identification of the number and type of small arms in the possession of civilians and armed groups, in close cooperation with national authorities and civil society. This assessment should also evaluate the capacity of the State police service to protect civilians in light of the prospective number of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependents who will be demobilized and supported to return and reintegrate into the community, as well as the impact of this return on public order and security at national and community levels.UN police personnel should then, with the approval of the national authorities and in coordination with relevant stakeholders, contribute to a preliminary assessment of the possibility of rapid rearmament by armed groups due to unregulated arms possession and arms flows. Legal statutes to regulate the possession of arms by individuals for self-protection should be carefully assessed, and recommendations in support of appropriate weapons control should be made. If it is necessary to rapidly reduce the number of weapons in circulation, ad hoc provisions, in the form of decrees emanating from the central, regional and provincial authorities, can be recommended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":803, "Sentence":"Legal statutes to regulate the possession of arms by individuals for self-protection should be carefully assessed, and recommendations in support of appropriate weapons control should be made.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities legal statute regulate possession arm individual selfprotection carefully assessed recommendation support appropriate weapon control made ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The pre-mission assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"As soon as the possibility of UN involvement in peacekeeping activities becomes evident, a multi- agency technical team will visit the area to draw up an operational strategy. The level of engagement of UN police will be decided based on the existing structures and capability of the State police service, including its legal basis; human resources; and administrative, technical, management and operational capabilities, including a gender analysis. The police assessment takes into account the capabilities of the State police service that are in place to deal with the immediate problems of the conflict and post-conflict environment. It also estimates what would be required to ensure the long- term effectiveness of the State police service as it is redeveloped into a professional police service. Of critical importance during this assessment is the identification of the various security agencies that are actually performing law enforcement tasks. During conflict, military intelligence units may have been utilized to perform law enforcement functions. Paramilitary forces and other irregular forces may have also carried out these functions, using methods and techniques that would exceed the ordinary capacities of a State police service.During the assessment phase, it should be decided whether the State police service is also to be included in the DDR process. Police may have been directly involved in the conflict as combatants or as supporters of the armed forces. If this is the case, maintaining the same police in service could jeopardize the peace and stability of the nation. Furthermore, the police as an institution would have to be disarmed, demobilized, adequately vetted for any violation of human rights, and then re- recruited and trained to perform proper policing functions.1The assessment phase should also examine the extent to which disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) will be required. UN police personnel can play a central role in contributing to the assessment and identification of the number and type of small arms in the possession of civilians and armed groups, in close cooperation with national authorities and civil society. This assessment should also evaluate the capacity of the State police service to protect civilians in light of the prospective number of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependents who will be demobilized and supported to return and reintegrate into the community, as well as the impact of this return on public order and security at national and community levels.UN police personnel should then, with the approval of the national authorities and in coordination with relevant stakeholders, contribute to a preliminary assessment of the possibility of rapid rearmament by armed groups due to unregulated arms possession and arms flows. Legal statutes to regulate the possession of arms by individuals for self-protection should be carefully assessed, and recommendations in support of appropriate weapons control should be made. If it is necessary to rapidly reduce the number of weapons in circulation, ad hoc provisions, in the form of decrees emanating from the central, regional and provincial authorities, can be recommended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":803, "Sentence":"If it is necessary to rapidly reduce the number of weapons in circulation, ad hoc provisions, in the form of decrees emanating from the central, regional and provincial authorities, can be recommended.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities necessary rapidly reduce number weapon circulation ad hoc provision form decree emanating central regional provincial authority recommended ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.2 Pre-deployment planning ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Before the establishment of any UN mission, the prospective mission mandate will be examined in order to jumpstart work on the UN police concept of operations. This is the document that will translate the political intent of the mission mandate into UN police strategies and operational directives, and will contain references to all UN police structures, locations, assets, capabilities and indicators of achievement. The necessary course of action for UN police personnel in relation to the DDR process should be outlined, taking into account the broad aims of the integrated mission, the integrated assessment, and consultations with other UN agencies, funds and programmes. The outlined course of action will also depend on the realities on the ground, the expectations of the parties concerned and the DDR structures to be deployed (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Structures and Processes). As soon as a Security Council Resolution is issued, a UN police deployment plan is drawn up.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":804, "Sentence":"Before the establishment of any UN mission, the prospective mission mandate will be examined in order to jumpstart work on the UN police concept of operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities establishment un mission prospective mission mandate examined order jumpstart work un police concept operation ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.2 Pre-deployment planning ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Before the establishment of any UN mission, the prospective mission mandate will be examined in order to jumpstart work on the UN police concept of operations. This is the document that will translate the political intent of the mission mandate into UN police strategies and operational directives, and will contain references to all UN police structures, locations, assets, capabilities and indicators of achievement. The necessary course of action for UN police personnel in relation to the DDR process should be outlined, taking into account the broad aims of the integrated mission, the integrated assessment, and consultations with other UN agencies, funds and programmes. The outlined course of action will also depend on the realities on the ground, the expectations of the parties concerned and the DDR structures to be deployed (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Structures and Processes). As soon as a Security Council Resolution is issued, a UN police deployment plan is drawn up.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":804, "Sentence":"This is the document that will translate the political intent of the mission mandate into UN police strategies and operational directives, and will contain references to all UN police structures, locations, assets, capabilities and indicators of achievement.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities document translate political intent mission mandate un police strategy operational directive contain reference un police structure location asset capability indicator achievement ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.2 Pre-deployment planning ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Before the establishment of any UN mission, the prospective mission mandate will be examined in order to jumpstart work on the UN police concept of operations. This is the document that will translate the political intent of the mission mandate into UN police strategies and operational directives, and will contain references to all UN police structures, locations, assets, capabilities and indicators of achievement. The necessary course of action for UN police personnel in relation to the DDR process should be outlined, taking into account the broad aims of the integrated mission, the integrated assessment, and consultations with other UN agencies, funds and programmes. The outlined course of action will also depend on the realities on the ground, the expectations of the parties concerned and the DDR structures to be deployed (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Structures and Processes). As soon as a Security Council Resolution is issued, a UN police deployment plan is drawn up.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":804, "Sentence":"The necessary course of action for UN police personnel in relation to the DDR process should be outlined, taking into account the broad aims of the integrated mission, the integrated assessment, and consultations with other UN agencies, funds and programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities necessary course action un police personnel relation ddr process outlined taking account broad aim integrated mission integrated assessment consultation un agency fund programme ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.2 Pre-deployment planning ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Before the establishment of any UN mission, the prospective mission mandate will be examined in order to jumpstart work on the UN police concept of operations. This is the document that will translate the political intent of the mission mandate into UN police strategies and operational directives, and will contain references to all UN police structures, locations, assets, capabilities and indicators of achievement. The necessary course of action for UN police personnel in relation to the DDR process should be outlined, taking into account the broad aims of the integrated mission, the integrated assessment, and consultations with other UN agencies, funds and programmes. The outlined course of action will also depend on the realities on the ground, the expectations of the parties concerned and the DDR structures to be deployed (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Structures and Processes). As soon as a Security Council Resolution is issued, a UN police deployment plan is drawn up.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":804, "Sentence":"The outlined course of action will also depend on the realities on the ground, the expectations of the parties concerned and the DDR structures to be deployed (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Structures and Processes).", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities outlined course action also depend reality ground expectation party concerned ddr structure deployed see iddrs 3.10 integrated ddr planning structure process ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.2 Pre-deployment planning ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Before the establishment of any UN mission, the prospective mission mandate will be examined in order to jumpstart work on the UN police concept of operations. This is the document that will translate the political intent of the mission mandate into UN police strategies and operational directives, and will contain references to all UN police structures, locations, assets, capabilities and indicators of achievement. The necessary course of action for UN police personnel in relation to the DDR process should be outlined, taking into account the broad aims of the integrated mission, the integrated assessment, and consultations with other UN agencies, funds and programmes. The outlined course of action will also depend on the realities on the ground, the expectations of the parties concerned and the DDR structures to be deployed (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Structures and Processes). As soon as a Security Council Resolution is issued, a UN police deployment plan is drawn up.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":804, "Sentence":"As soon as a Security Council Resolution is issued, a UN police deployment plan is drawn up.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities soon security council resolution issued un police deployment plan drawn ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Peacekeeping operations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The UN police structure in an integrated UN peacekeeping operation will be based on the Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping and will consist of four pillars: UN Police Command, UN Police Operations, UN Police Capacity-Building and Development, and UN Police Administration. Capabilities to prevent serious and organized crime should be activated and coordinated in order to support operations conducted by the State police service and to build the capacity of these forces where necessary. SPTs should also be included in the police contingent to assist in the development of national police capacities in specific technical fields including, but not limited to, forensics, criminal intelligence, investigations, and sexual exploitation and abuse\/sexual and gender-based violence.At the strategic level, the UN police deployment will engage with the State\u2019s central police and security authorities and with the UN Country Team. At the operational level, the UN police deployment will develop regional and sector commands with team sites in critical locations. IPOs will work alongside and in close coordination with the national police, while FPUs will be based at the provincial level, in areas sensitive to public order and security disturbances. These FPUs may undertake protection of civilian tasks, secure and reinforce the activities of the IPOs, participate in joint missions with the force and civilian components of the mission, and provide general protection to UN staff, assets and freedom of movement. In this latter regard, FPUs shall be ready to implement evacuation plans if the need arises.Upon deployment to a mission area with a peacekeeping operation, all UN police personnel shall receive induction training which outlines their role in the DDR process. It is essential that all UN police personnel in the mission fully understand the aims and scope of the DDR process and are aware of the responsibilities of the UN police component in relation to DDR. With the deployment of UN police personnel to the mission area, the UN police commissioner will (depending on the size of the UN police component and its mandate) establish a dedicated DDR coordinating unit with a liaison officer who will work very closely with the mission\u2019s DDR command structures to coordinate activity with the military, the State police service and other relevant institutions involved in the DDR process. The DDR coordinating unit should be supported by a police gender adviser\/focal point who can advise on gender perspectives related to the work of the police on DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":805, "Sentence":"The UN police structure in an integrated UN peacekeeping operation will be based on the Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping and will consist of four pillars: UN Police Command, UN Police Operations, UN Police Capacity-Building and Development, and UN Police Administration.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities un police structure integrated un peacekeeping operation based strategic guidance framework international police peacekeeping consist four pillar un police command un police operation un police capacitybuilding development un police administration ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Peacekeeping operations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The UN police structure in an integrated UN peacekeeping operation will be based on the Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping and will consist of four pillars: UN Police Command, UN Police Operations, UN Police Capacity-Building and Development, and UN Police Administration. Capabilities to prevent serious and organized crime should be activated and coordinated in order to support operations conducted by the State police service and to build the capacity of these forces where necessary. SPTs should also be included in the police contingent to assist in the development of national police capacities in specific technical fields including, but not limited to, forensics, criminal intelligence, investigations, and sexual exploitation and abuse\/sexual and gender-based violence.At the strategic level, the UN police deployment will engage with the State\u2019s central police and security authorities and with the UN Country Team. At the operational level, the UN police deployment will develop regional and sector commands with team sites in critical locations. IPOs will work alongside and in close coordination with the national police, while FPUs will be based at the provincial level, in areas sensitive to public order and security disturbances. These FPUs may undertake protection of civilian tasks, secure and reinforce the activities of the IPOs, participate in joint missions with the force and civilian components of the mission, and provide general protection to UN staff, assets and freedom of movement. In this latter regard, FPUs shall be ready to implement evacuation plans if the need arises.Upon deployment to a mission area with a peacekeeping operation, all UN police personnel shall receive induction training which outlines their role in the DDR process. It is essential that all UN police personnel in the mission fully understand the aims and scope of the DDR process and are aware of the responsibilities of the UN police component in relation to DDR. With the deployment of UN police personnel to the mission area, the UN police commissioner will (depending on the size of the UN police component and its mandate) establish a dedicated DDR coordinating unit with a liaison officer who will work very closely with the mission\u2019s DDR command structures to coordinate activity with the military, the State police service and other relevant institutions involved in the DDR process. The DDR coordinating unit should be supported by a police gender adviser\/focal point who can advise on gender perspectives related to the work of the police on DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":805, "Sentence":"Capabilities to prevent serious and organized crime should be activated and coordinated in order to support operations conducted by the State police service and to build the capacity of these forces where necessary.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities capability prevent serious organized crime activated coordinated order support operation conducted state police service build capacity force necessary ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Peacekeeping operations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The UN police structure in an integrated UN peacekeeping operation will be based on the Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping and will consist of four pillars: UN Police Command, UN Police Operations, UN Police Capacity-Building and Development, and UN Police Administration. Capabilities to prevent serious and organized crime should be activated and coordinated in order to support operations conducted by the State police service and to build the capacity of these forces where necessary. SPTs should also be included in the police contingent to assist in the development of national police capacities in specific technical fields including, but not limited to, forensics, criminal intelligence, investigations, and sexual exploitation and abuse\/sexual and gender-based violence.At the strategic level, the UN police deployment will engage with the State\u2019s central police and security authorities and with the UN Country Team. At the operational level, the UN police deployment will develop regional and sector commands with team sites in critical locations. IPOs will work alongside and in close coordination with the national police, while FPUs will be based at the provincial level, in areas sensitive to public order and security disturbances. These FPUs may undertake protection of civilian tasks, secure and reinforce the activities of the IPOs, participate in joint missions with the force and civilian components of the mission, and provide general protection to UN staff, assets and freedom of movement. In this latter regard, FPUs shall be ready to implement evacuation plans if the need arises.Upon deployment to a mission area with a peacekeeping operation, all UN police personnel shall receive induction training which outlines their role in the DDR process. It is essential that all UN police personnel in the mission fully understand the aims and scope of the DDR process and are aware of the responsibilities of the UN police component in relation to DDR. With the deployment of UN police personnel to the mission area, the UN police commissioner will (depending on the size of the UN police component and its mandate) establish a dedicated DDR coordinating unit with a liaison officer who will work very closely with the mission\u2019s DDR command structures to coordinate activity with the military, the State police service and other relevant institutions involved in the DDR process. The DDR coordinating unit should be supported by a police gender adviser\/focal point who can advise on gender perspectives related to the work of the police on DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":805, "Sentence":"SPTs should also be included in the police contingent to assist in the development of national police capacities in specific technical fields including, but not limited to, forensics, criminal intelligence, investigations, and sexual exploitation and abuse\/sexual and gender-based violence.At the strategic level, the UN police deployment will engage with the State\u2019s central police and security authorities and with the UN Country Team.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities spts also included police contingent assist development national police capacity specific technical field including limited forensics criminal intelligence investigation sexual exploitation abuse\/sexual genderbased violence.at strategic level un police deployment engage state \u2019 central police security authority un country team ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Peacekeeping operations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The UN police structure in an integrated UN peacekeeping operation will be based on the Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping and will consist of four pillars: UN Police Command, UN Police Operations, UN Police Capacity-Building and Development, and UN Police Administration. Capabilities to prevent serious and organized crime should be activated and coordinated in order to support operations conducted by the State police service and to build the capacity of these forces where necessary. SPTs should also be included in the police contingent to assist in the development of national police capacities in specific technical fields including, but not limited to, forensics, criminal intelligence, investigations, and sexual exploitation and abuse\/sexual and gender-based violence.At the strategic level, the UN police deployment will engage with the State\u2019s central police and security authorities and with the UN Country Team. At the operational level, the UN police deployment will develop regional and sector commands with team sites in critical locations. IPOs will work alongside and in close coordination with the national police, while FPUs will be based at the provincial level, in areas sensitive to public order and security disturbances. These FPUs may undertake protection of civilian tasks, secure and reinforce the activities of the IPOs, participate in joint missions with the force and civilian components of the mission, and provide general protection to UN staff, assets and freedom of movement. In this latter regard, FPUs shall be ready to implement evacuation plans if the need arises.Upon deployment to a mission area with a peacekeeping operation, all UN police personnel shall receive induction training which outlines their role in the DDR process. It is essential that all UN police personnel in the mission fully understand the aims and scope of the DDR process and are aware of the responsibilities of the UN police component in relation to DDR. With the deployment of UN police personnel to the mission area, the UN police commissioner will (depending on the size of the UN police component and its mandate) establish a dedicated DDR coordinating unit with a liaison officer who will work very closely with the mission\u2019s DDR command structures to coordinate activity with the military, the State police service and other relevant institutions involved in the DDR process. The DDR coordinating unit should be supported by a police gender adviser\/focal point who can advise on gender perspectives related to the work of the police on DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":805, "Sentence":"At the operational level, the UN police deployment will develop regional and sector commands with team sites in critical locations.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities operational level un police deployment develop regional sector command team site critical location ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Peacekeeping operations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The UN police structure in an integrated UN peacekeeping operation will be based on the Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping and will consist of four pillars: UN Police Command, UN Police Operations, UN Police Capacity-Building and Development, and UN Police Administration. Capabilities to prevent serious and organized crime should be activated and coordinated in order to support operations conducted by the State police service and to build the capacity of these forces where necessary. SPTs should also be included in the police contingent to assist in the development of national police capacities in specific technical fields including, but not limited to, forensics, criminal intelligence, investigations, and sexual exploitation and abuse\/sexual and gender-based violence.At the strategic level, the UN police deployment will engage with the State\u2019s central police and security authorities and with the UN Country Team. At the operational level, the UN police deployment will develop regional and sector commands with team sites in critical locations. IPOs will work alongside and in close coordination with the national police, while FPUs will be based at the provincial level, in areas sensitive to public order and security disturbances. These FPUs may undertake protection of civilian tasks, secure and reinforce the activities of the IPOs, participate in joint missions with the force and civilian components of the mission, and provide general protection to UN staff, assets and freedom of movement. In this latter regard, FPUs shall be ready to implement evacuation plans if the need arises.Upon deployment to a mission area with a peacekeeping operation, all UN police personnel shall receive induction training which outlines their role in the DDR process. It is essential that all UN police personnel in the mission fully understand the aims and scope of the DDR process and are aware of the responsibilities of the UN police component in relation to DDR. With the deployment of UN police personnel to the mission area, the UN police commissioner will (depending on the size of the UN police component and its mandate) establish a dedicated DDR coordinating unit with a liaison officer who will work very closely with the mission\u2019s DDR command structures to coordinate activity with the military, the State police service and other relevant institutions involved in the DDR process. The DDR coordinating unit should be supported by a police gender adviser\/focal point who can advise on gender perspectives related to the work of the police on DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":805, "Sentence":"IPOs will work alongside and in close coordination with the national police, while FPUs will be based at the provincial level, in areas sensitive to public order and security disturbances.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities ipo work alongside close coordination national police fpus based provincial level area sensitive public order security disturbance ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Peacekeeping operations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The UN police structure in an integrated UN peacekeeping operation will be based on the Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping and will consist of four pillars: UN Police Command, UN Police Operations, UN Police Capacity-Building and Development, and UN Police Administration. Capabilities to prevent serious and organized crime should be activated and coordinated in order to support operations conducted by the State police service and to build the capacity of these forces where necessary. SPTs should also be included in the police contingent to assist in the development of national police capacities in specific technical fields including, but not limited to, forensics, criminal intelligence, investigations, and sexual exploitation and abuse\/sexual and gender-based violence.At the strategic level, the UN police deployment will engage with the State\u2019s central police and security authorities and with the UN Country Team. At the operational level, the UN police deployment will develop regional and sector commands with team sites in critical locations. IPOs will work alongside and in close coordination with the national police, while FPUs will be based at the provincial level, in areas sensitive to public order and security disturbances. These FPUs may undertake protection of civilian tasks, secure and reinforce the activities of the IPOs, participate in joint missions with the force and civilian components of the mission, and provide general protection to UN staff, assets and freedom of movement. In this latter regard, FPUs shall be ready to implement evacuation plans if the need arises.Upon deployment to a mission area with a peacekeeping operation, all UN police personnel shall receive induction training which outlines their role in the DDR process. It is essential that all UN police personnel in the mission fully understand the aims and scope of the DDR process and are aware of the responsibilities of the UN police component in relation to DDR. With the deployment of UN police personnel to the mission area, the UN police commissioner will (depending on the size of the UN police component and its mandate) establish a dedicated DDR coordinating unit with a liaison officer who will work very closely with the mission\u2019s DDR command structures to coordinate activity with the military, the State police service and other relevant institutions involved in the DDR process. The DDR coordinating unit should be supported by a police gender adviser\/focal point who can advise on gender perspectives related to the work of the police on DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":805, "Sentence":"These FPUs may undertake protection of civilian tasks, secure and reinforce the activities of the IPOs, participate in joint missions with the force and civilian components of the mission, and provide general protection to UN staff, assets and freedom of movement.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities fpus may undertake protection civilian task secure reinforce activity ipo participate joint mission force civilian component mission provide general protection un staff asset freedom movement ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Peacekeeping operations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The UN police structure in an integrated UN peacekeeping operation will be based on the Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping and will consist of four pillars: UN Police Command, UN Police Operations, UN Police Capacity-Building and Development, and UN Police Administration. Capabilities to prevent serious and organized crime should be activated and coordinated in order to support operations conducted by the State police service and to build the capacity of these forces where necessary. SPTs should also be included in the police contingent to assist in the development of national police capacities in specific technical fields including, but not limited to, forensics, criminal intelligence, investigations, and sexual exploitation and abuse\/sexual and gender-based violence.At the strategic level, the UN police deployment will engage with the State\u2019s central police and security authorities and with the UN Country Team. At the operational level, the UN police deployment will develop regional and sector commands with team sites in critical locations. IPOs will work alongside and in close coordination with the national police, while FPUs will be based at the provincial level, in areas sensitive to public order and security disturbances. These FPUs may undertake protection of civilian tasks, secure and reinforce the activities of the IPOs, participate in joint missions with the force and civilian components of the mission, and provide general protection to UN staff, assets and freedom of movement. In this latter regard, FPUs shall be ready to implement evacuation plans if the need arises.Upon deployment to a mission area with a peacekeeping operation, all UN police personnel shall receive induction training which outlines their role in the DDR process. It is essential that all UN police personnel in the mission fully understand the aims and scope of the DDR process and are aware of the responsibilities of the UN police component in relation to DDR. With the deployment of UN police personnel to the mission area, the UN police commissioner will (depending on the size of the UN police component and its mandate) establish a dedicated DDR coordinating unit with a liaison officer who will work very closely with the mission\u2019s DDR command structures to coordinate activity with the military, the State police service and other relevant institutions involved in the DDR process. The DDR coordinating unit should be supported by a police gender adviser\/focal point who can advise on gender perspectives related to the work of the police on DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":805, "Sentence":"In this latter regard, FPUs shall be ready to implement evacuation plans if the need arises.Upon deployment to a mission area with a peacekeeping operation, all UN police personnel shall receive induction training which outlines their role in the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities latter regard fpus shall ready implement evacuation plan need arises.upon deployment mission area peacekeeping operation un police personnel shall receive induction training outline role ddr process ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Peacekeeping operations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The UN police structure in an integrated UN peacekeeping operation will be based on the Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping and will consist of four pillars: UN Police Command, UN Police Operations, UN Police Capacity-Building and Development, and UN Police Administration. Capabilities to prevent serious and organized crime should be activated and coordinated in order to support operations conducted by the State police service and to build the capacity of these forces where necessary. SPTs should also be included in the police contingent to assist in the development of national police capacities in specific technical fields including, but not limited to, forensics, criminal intelligence, investigations, and sexual exploitation and abuse\/sexual and gender-based violence.At the strategic level, the UN police deployment will engage with the State\u2019s central police and security authorities and with the UN Country Team. At the operational level, the UN police deployment will develop regional and sector commands with team sites in critical locations. IPOs will work alongside and in close coordination with the national police, while FPUs will be based at the provincial level, in areas sensitive to public order and security disturbances. These FPUs may undertake protection of civilian tasks, secure and reinforce the activities of the IPOs, participate in joint missions with the force and civilian components of the mission, and provide general protection to UN staff, assets and freedom of movement. In this latter regard, FPUs shall be ready to implement evacuation plans if the need arises.Upon deployment to a mission area with a peacekeeping operation, all UN police personnel shall receive induction training which outlines their role in the DDR process. It is essential that all UN police personnel in the mission fully understand the aims and scope of the DDR process and are aware of the responsibilities of the UN police component in relation to DDR. With the deployment of UN police personnel to the mission area, the UN police commissioner will (depending on the size of the UN police component and its mandate) establish a dedicated DDR coordinating unit with a liaison officer who will work very closely with the mission\u2019s DDR command structures to coordinate activity with the military, the State police service and other relevant institutions involved in the DDR process. The DDR coordinating unit should be supported by a police gender adviser\/focal point who can advise on gender perspectives related to the work of the police on DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":805, "Sentence":"It is essential that all UN police personnel in the mission fully understand the aims and scope of the DDR process and are aware of the responsibilities of the UN police component in relation to DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities essential un police personnel mission fully understand aim scope ddr process aware responsibility un police component relation ddr ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Peacekeeping operations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The UN police structure in an integrated UN peacekeeping operation will be based on the Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping and will consist of four pillars: UN Police Command, UN Police Operations, UN Police Capacity-Building and Development, and UN Police Administration. Capabilities to prevent serious and organized crime should be activated and coordinated in order to support operations conducted by the State police service and to build the capacity of these forces where necessary. SPTs should also be included in the police contingent to assist in the development of national police capacities in specific technical fields including, but not limited to, forensics, criminal intelligence, investigations, and sexual exploitation and abuse\/sexual and gender-based violence.At the strategic level, the UN police deployment will engage with the State\u2019s central police and security authorities and with the UN Country Team. At the operational level, the UN police deployment will develop regional and sector commands with team sites in critical locations. IPOs will work alongside and in close coordination with the national police, while FPUs will be based at the provincial level, in areas sensitive to public order and security disturbances. These FPUs may undertake protection of civilian tasks, secure and reinforce the activities of the IPOs, participate in joint missions with the force and civilian components of the mission, and provide general protection to UN staff, assets and freedom of movement. In this latter regard, FPUs shall be ready to implement evacuation plans if the need arises.Upon deployment to a mission area with a peacekeeping operation, all UN police personnel shall receive induction training which outlines their role in the DDR process. It is essential that all UN police personnel in the mission fully understand the aims and scope of the DDR process and are aware of the responsibilities of the UN police component in relation to DDR. With the deployment of UN police personnel to the mission area, the UN police commissioner will (depending on the size of the UN police component and its mandate) establish a dedicated DDR coordinating unit with a liaison officer who will work very closely with the mission\u2019s DDR command structures to coordinate activity with the military, the State police service and other relevant institutions involved in the DDR process. The DDR coordinating unit should be supported by a police gender adviser\/focal point who can advise on gender perspectives related to the work of the police on DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":805, "Sentence":"With the deployment of UN police personnel to the mission area, the UN police commissioner will (depending on the size of the UN police component and its mandate) establish a dedicated DDR coordinating unit with a liaison officer who will work very closely with the mission\u2019s DDR command structures to coordinate activity with the military, the State police service and other relevant institutions involved in the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities deployment un police personnel mission area un police commissioner depending size un police component mandate establish dedicated ddr coordinating unit liaison officer work closely mission \u2019 ddr command structure coordinate activity military state police service relevant institution involved ddr process ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Peacekeeping operations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The UN police structure in an integrated UN peacekeeping operation will be based on the Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping and will consist of four pillars: UN Police Command, UN Police Operations, UN Police Capacity-Building and Development, and UN Police Administration. Capabilities to prevent serious and organized crime should be activated and coordinated in order to support operations conducted by the State police service and to build the capacity of these forces where necessary. SPTs should also be included in the police contingent to assist in the development of national police capacities in specific technical fields including, but not limited to, forensics, criminal intelligence, investigations, and sexual exploitation and abuse\/sexual and gender-based violence.At the strategic level, the UN police deployment will engage with the State\u2019s central police and security authorities and with the UN Country Team. At the operational level, the UN police deployment will develop regional and sector commands with team sites in critical locations. IPOs will work alongside and in close coordination with the national police, while FPUs will be based at the provincial level, in areas sensitive to public order and security disturbances. These FPUs may undertake protection of civilian tasks, secure and reinforce the activities of the IPOs, participate in joint missions with the force and civilian components of the mission, and provide general protection to UN staff, assets and freedom of movement. In this latter regard, FPUs shall be ready to implement evacuation plans if the need arises.Upon deployment to a mission area with a peacekeeping operation, all UN police personnel shall receive induction training which outlines their role in the DDR process. It is essential that all UN police personnel in the mission fully understand the aims and scope of the DDR process and are aware of the responsibilities of the UN police component in relation to DDR. With the deployment of UN police personnel to the mission area, the UN police commissioner will (depending on the size of the UN police component and its mandate) establish a dedicated DDR coordinating unit with a liaison officer who will work very closely with the mission\u2019s DDR command structures to coordinate activity with the military, the State police service and other relevant institutions involved in the DDR process. The DDR coordinating unit should be supported by a police gender adviser\/focal point who can advise on gender perspectives related to the work of the police on DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":805, "Sentence":"The DDR coordinating unit should be supported by a police gender adviser\/focal point who can advise on gender perspectives related to the work of the police on DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities ddr coordinating unit supported police gender adviser\/focal point advise gender perspective related work police ddr ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Special political missions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"In special political missions, pre-mission assessment and pre-deployment planning will take place as outlined above. However, UN police will be structured within a Police Advisory Unit. Within this unit, a Senior Police Adviser to the Special Representative of the Secretary General will be tasked to liaise and coordinate with the State police and security authorities in order to foster reform and development, to engage in the routing and channelling of international assistance, and to oversee the UN Country Office\u2019s activities related to police and security issues. The police deployment will typically occur in phases, responding to the immediate priorities in the country where the mission will be deployed.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":806, "Sentence":"In special political missions, pre-mission assessment and pre-deployment planning will take place as outlined above.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities special political mission premission assessment predeployment planning take place outlined ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Special political missions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"In special political missions, pre-mission assessment and pre-deployment planning will take place as outlined above. However, UN police will be structured within a Police Advisory Unit. Within this unit, a Senior Police Adviser to the Special Representative of the Secretary General will be tasked to liaise and coordinate with the State police and security authorities in order to foster reform and development, to engage in the routing and channelling of international assistance, and to oversee the UN Country Office\u2019s activities related to police and security issues. The police deployment will typically occur in phases, responding to the immediate priorities in the country where the mission will be deployed.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":806, "Sentence":"However, UN police will be structured within a Police Advisory Unit.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities however un police structured within police advisory unit ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Special political missions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"In special political missions, pre-mission assessment and pre-deployment planning will take place as outlined above. However, UN police will be structured within a Police Advisory Unit. Within this unit, a Senior Police Adviser to the Special Representative of the Secretary General will be tasked to liaise and coordinate with the State police and security authorities in order to foster reform and development, to engage in the routing and channelling of international assistance, and to oversee the UN Country Office\u2019s activities related to police and security issues. The police deployment will typically occur in phases, responding to the immediate priorities in the country where the mission will be deployed.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":806, "Sentence":"Within this unit, a Senior Police Adviser to the Special Representative of the Secretary General will be tasked to liaise and coordinate with the State police and security authorities in order to foster reform and development, to engage in the routing and channelling of international assistance, and to oversee the UN Country Office\u2019s activities related to police and security issues.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities within unit senior police adviser special representative secretary general tasked liaise coordinate state police security authority order foster reform development engage routing channelling international assistance oversee un country office \u2019 activity related police security issue ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.1 Mission settings", "Heading3":"5.1.4 Special political missions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"In special political missions, pre-mission assessment and pre-deployment planning will take place as outlined above. However, UN police will be structured within a Police Advisory Unit. Within this unit, a Senior Police Adviser to the Special Representative of the Secretary General will be tasked to liaise and coordinate with the State police and security authorities in order to foster reform and development, to engage in the routing and channelling of international assistance, and to oversee the UN Country Office\u2019s activities related to police and security issues. The police deployment will typically occur in phases, responding to the immediate priorities in the country where the mission will be deployed.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":806, "Sentence":"The police deployment will typically occur in phases, responding to the immediate priorities in the country where the mission will be deployed.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities police deployment typically occur phase responding immediate priority country mission deployed ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.2 Non-mission settings ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In non-mission settings, UN policing experts may be deployed to support a DDR process in response to a request from a national Government. The deployment may be part of a technical assistance programme agreed between a UN entity and the Government, or may be defined by the Global Focal Point for Police, Justice and Corrections Areas in the Rule of Law in Post-Conflict and Other Crisis Situations (GFP). Advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts may be deployed complemented, where necessary, by the deployment of a SPT. International police deployments of non-UN personnel can also take place on the basis of bilateral cooperation agreements.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":807, "Sentence":"In non-mission settings, UN policing experts may be deployed to support a DDR process in response to a request from a national Government.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities nonmission setting un policing expert may deployed support ddr process response request national government ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.2 Non-mission settings ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In non-mission settings, UN policing experts may be deployed to support a DDR process in response to a request from a national Government. The deployment may be part of a technical assistance programme agreed between a UN entity and the Government, or may be defined by the Global Focal Point for Police, Justice and Corrections Areas in the Rule of Law in Post-Conflict and Other Crisis Situations (GFP). Advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts may be deployed complemented, where necessary, by the deployment of a SPT. International police deployments of non-UN personnel can also take place on the basis of bilateral cooperation agreements.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":807, "Sentence":"The deployment may be part of a technical assistance programme agreed between a UN entity and the Government, or may be defined by the Global Focal Point for Police, Justice and Corrections Areas in the Rule of Law in Post-Conflict and Other Crisis Situations (GFP).", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities deployment may part technical assistance programme agreed un entity government may defined global focal point police justice correction area rule law postconflict crisis situation gfp ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.2 Non-mission settings ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In non-mission settings, UN policing experts may be deployed to support a DDR process in response to a request from a national Government. The deployment may be part of a technical assistance programme agreed between a UN entity and the Government, or may be defined by the Global Focal Point for Police, Justice and Corrections Areas in the Rule of Law in Post-Conflict and Other Crisis Situations (GFP). Advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts may be deployed complemented, where necessary, by the deployment of a SPT. International police deployments of non-UN personnel can also take place on the basis of bilateral cooperation agreements.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":807, "Sentence":"Advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts may be deployed complemented, where necessary, by the deployment of a SPT.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities adviser mentor trainer and\/or policing expert may deployed complemented necessary deployment spt ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"5. Deployment of UN police", "Heading2":"5.2 Non-mission settings ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In non-mission settings, UN policing experts may be deployed to support a DDR process in response to a request from a national Government. The deployment may be part of a technical assistance programme agreed between a UN entity and the Government, or may be defined by the Global Focal Point for Police, Justice and Corrections Areas in the Rule of Law in Post-Conflict and Other Crisis Situations (GFP). Advisers, mentors, trainers and\/or policing experts may be deployed complemented, where necessary, by the deployment of a SPT. International police deployments of non-UN personnel can also take place on the basis of bilateral cooperation agreements.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":807, "Sentence":"International police deployments of non-UN personnel can also take place on the basis of bilateral cooperation agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities international police deployment nonun personnel also take place basis bilateral cooperation agreement ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The general tasks that police personnel undertake in relation to DDR processes are advice, coordination, monitoring and building public confidence. The capacity of UN police personnel to carry out these functions will differ in different settings \u2013 mission and non-mission \u2013 contingent on mandated tasks and whether FPUs, IPOs and SPTs are present or absent. For example, building public confidence and strong relationships with local communities will not be realistically achievable in a non-mission setting if only one police adviser is deployed.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":808, "Sentence":"The general tasks that police personnel undertake in relation to DDR processes are advice, coordination, monitoring and building public confidence.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities general task police personnel undertake relation ddr process advice coordination monitoring building public confidence ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The general tasks that police personnel undertake in relation to DDR processes are advice, coordination, monitoring and building public confidence. The capacity of UN police personnel to carry out these functions will differ in different settings \u2013 mission and non-mission \u2013 contingent on mandated tasks and whether FPUs, IPOs and SPTs are present or absent. For example, building public confidence and strong relationships with local communities will not be realistically achievable in a non-mission setting if only one police adviser is deployed.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":808, "Sentence":"The capacity of UN police personnel to carry out these functions will differ in different settings \u2013 mission and non-mission \u2013 contingent on mandated tasks and whether FPUs, IPOs and SPTs are present or absent.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities capacity un police personnel carry function differ different setting \u2013 mission nonmission \u2013 contingent mandated task whether fpus ipo spts present absent ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The general tasks that police personnel undertake in relation to DDR processes are advice, coordination, monitoring and building public confidence. The capacity of UN police personnel to carry out these functions will differ in different settings \u2013 mission and non-mission \u2013 contingent on mandated tasks and whether FPUs, IPOs and SPTs are present or absent. For example, building public confidence and strong relationships with local communities will not be realistically achievable in a non-mission setting if only one police adviser is deployed.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":808, "Sentence":"For example, building public confidence and strong relationships with local communities will not be realistically achievable in a non-mission setting if only one police adviser is deployed.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities example building public confidence strong relationship local community realistically achievable nonmission setting one police adviser deployed ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.1 Advice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate. In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent. UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding. They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service. Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground. UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs. \\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities. This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP. This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner. Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8). At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems. Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities. As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear. Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time. In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order. In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components. In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates. In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict. In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":809, "Sentence":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities un police personnel carry advisory function serving within mission include advisory assistance task within mandate ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.1 Advice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate. In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent. UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding. They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service. Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground. UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs. \\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities. This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP. This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner. Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8). At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems. Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities. As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear. Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time. In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order. In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components. In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates. In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict. In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":809, "Sentence":"In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities nonmission setting un international police personnel may deployed response request national government result bilateral cooperation agreements.advisory function take place three level shall also compliance united nation human right due diligence policy hrddp.strategic level specific policy issue conceptualized formulated usually ministry interior equivalent ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.1 Advice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate. In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent. UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding. They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service. Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground. UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs. \\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities. This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP. This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner. Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8). At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems. Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities. As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear. Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time. In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order. In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components. In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates. In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict. In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":809, "Sentence":"UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities un police personnel provide assistance adopting policing policy drafting police reform decree reiterating professional effective accountable accessible genderresponsive law enforcement correction judicial institution necessary lay foundation sustaining peace peacebuilding ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.1 Advice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate. In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent. UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding. They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service. Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground. UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs. \\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities. This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP. This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner. Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8). At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems. Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities. As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear. Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time. In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order. In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components. In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates. In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict. In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":809, "Sentence":"They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities also provide advice police executive board senior police leadership establishment institutional development plan enhancement internal effective oversight structure creation training programme promotion gender equality within police service ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.1 Advice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate. In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent. UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding. They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service. Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground. UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs. \\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities. This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP. This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner. Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8). At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems. Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities. As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear. Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time. In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order. In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components. In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates. In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict. In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":809, "Sentence":"Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities operational middle management level un police personnel work operational commander midlevel manager advising implement concept policy ground ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.1 Advice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate. In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent. UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding. They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service. Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground. UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs. \\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities. This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP. This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner. Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8). At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems. Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities. As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear. Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time. In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order. In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components. In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates. In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict. In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":809, "Sentence":"UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities un police personnel also take note specific equipment infrastructure training requirement take action address need ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.1 Advice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate. In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent. UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding. They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service. Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground. UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs. \\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities. This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP. This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner. Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8). At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems. Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities. As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear. Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time. In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order. In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components. In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates. In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict. In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":809, "Sentence":"\\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities n service delivery level un police personnel monitor mentor advise local police officer working communitylevel working side side conducting joint activity ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.1 Advice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate. In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent. UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding. They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service. Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground. UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs. \\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities. This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP. This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner. Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8). At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems. Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities. As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear. Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time. In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order. In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components. In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates. In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict. In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":809, "Sentence":"This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities work done order ensure delivery state police service appropriate complies professional standard code conduct policing well un hrddp ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.1 Advice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate. In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent. UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding. They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service. Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground. UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs. \\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities. This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP. This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner. Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8). At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems. Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities. As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear. Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time. In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order. In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components. In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates. In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict. In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":809, "Sentence":"This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities work also built recognition state police service often primary link government community security issues.un police personnel positively influence way state police service perform task human right compliant manner ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.1 Advice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate. In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent. UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding. They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service. Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground. UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs. \\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities. This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP. This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner. Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8). At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems. Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities. As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear. Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time. In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order. In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components. In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates. In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict. In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":809, "Sentence":"Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8).", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities advice capacitybuilding range establishing policy framework disarmament drawing future regulation arm possession include reforming state police service entirety including adoption policy promote gender equality within police service see section 8 ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.1 Advice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate. In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent. UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding. They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service. Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground. UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs. \\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities. This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP. This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner. Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8). At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems. Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities. As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear. Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time. In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order. In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components. In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates. In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict. In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":809, "Sentence":"At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities operational level un police personnel help local operational commander prevent tackle crime lawlessness suggest way deal problem ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.1 Advice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate. In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent. UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding. They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service. Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground. UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs. \\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities. This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP. This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner. Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8). At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems. Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities. As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear. Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time. In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order. In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components. In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates. In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict. In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":809, "Sentence":"Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities furthermore un police personnel assist planning specific crime prevention security strategy operationalized integrated commitment un mission mission setting state police service particularly setting armed group engaged criminal activity see iddrs 6.40 ddr organized crime may include creation quick impact project qips cvr programme see section 7.1.preventing combating crime lawlessness particularly important conflict affected population \u2013 including excombatants dependant person formerly associated armed force group displaced person refugee \u2013 begin return community ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.1 Advice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate. In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent. UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding. They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service. Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground. UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs. \\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities. This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP. This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner. Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8). At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems. Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities. As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear. Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time. In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order. In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components. In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates. In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict. In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":809, "Sentence":"As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities return individual get underway social tension may appear ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.1 Advice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate. In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent. UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding. They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service. Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground. UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs. \\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities. This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP. This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner. Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8). At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems. Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities. As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear. Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time. In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order. In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components. In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates. In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict. In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":809, "Sentence":"Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities tension tackled straight away could lead complicated situation require major diversion resource effort time ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.1 Advice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate. In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent. UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding. They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service. Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground. UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs. \\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities. This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP. This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner. Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8). At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems. Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities. As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear. Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time. In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order. In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components. In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates. In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict. In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":809, "Sentence":"In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities situation un police personnel provide information criminal intelligence help prevent deterioration security situation public order ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.1 Advice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate. In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent. UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding. They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service. Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground. UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs. \\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities. This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP. This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner. Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8). At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems. Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities. As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear. Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time. In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order. In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components. In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates. In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict. In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":809, "Sentence":"In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities mission setting un police personnel also engage local authority community civil society organization including woman youth organization order enhance early warning situational awareness benefit mission component ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.1 Advice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate. In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent. UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding. They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service. Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground. UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs. \\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities. This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP. This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner. Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8). At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems. Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities. As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear. Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time. In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order. In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components. In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates. In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict. In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":809, "Sentence":"In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities similar manner un police personnel often well positioned gather information military component mission use maintain improve security area mission operates ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.1 Advice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate. In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent. UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding. They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service. Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground. UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs. \\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities. This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP. This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner. Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8). At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems. Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities. As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear. Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time. In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order. In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components. In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates. In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict. In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":809, "Sentence":"In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities nonmission setting un country team well positioned detect sign potential return armed conflict ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.1 Advice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"UN police personnel carry out advisory functions when serving within missions that include advisory and assistance tasks within their mandate. In non-mission settings, UN or international police personnel may be deployed in response to a request from a national Government or as a result of bilateral cooperation agreements.Advisory functions can take place at three levels and shall also be in compliance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP).Strategic: This is the level where specific policy issues are conceptualized and formulated, usually with the ministry of interior or equivalent. UN police personnel can provide assistance in adopting policing policies, drafting police reform decrees, and reiterating that professional, effective, accountable, accessible and gender-responsive law enforcement, corrections, and judicial institutions are necessary to lay the foundations for sustaining peace and peacebuilding. They can also provide advice to police executive boards and senior police leadership on the establishment of institutional development plans, the enhancement of internal and effective oversight structures, the creation of training programmes and the promotion of gender equality within the police service. Operational or middle management: At this level, UN police personnel can work with operational commanders and mid-level managers, advising them on how to implement concepts and policies on the ground. UN police personnel should also take note of any specific equipment, infrastructure and training requirements and take action to address these needs. \\n Service delivery: At this level, UN police personnel can monitor, mentor and advise local police officers working at the community-level, both through working side by side and by conducting joint activities. This work is done in order to ensure that the delivery of the State police service is appropriate and complies with professional standards and codes of conduct of policing as well as with the UN HRDDP. This work is also built on the recognition that State police services are often the primary link between the Government and communities on security issues.UN police personnel can positively influence the way that State police services perform their tasks in a human rights compliant manner. Advice and capacity-building can range from establishing policy frameworks on disarmament to drawing up future regulations on arms possession, and can include reforming the State police service in its entirety, including through the adoption of policies to promote gender equality within the police service (see section 8). At the operational level, UN police personnel can help local operational commanders to prevent and tackle crime and lawlessness, and suggest ways to deal with these problems. Furthermore, UN police personnel can assist in planning specific crime prevention and security strategies that can be operationalized with an integrated commitment by the UN mission (if in a mission setting), or by the State police service, particularly in settings where armed groups are engaged in criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime) This may include the creation of Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) and CVR programmes (see section 7.1).Preventing and combating crime and lawlessness can be particularly important when conflict- affected populations \u2013 including ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, displaced persons and refugees \u2013 begin to return to communities. As the return of these individuals gets underway, social tensions may appear. Such tensions, if not tackled straight away, could lead to more complicated situations that require a major diversion of resources, effort and time. In these situations, UN police personnel can provide information and criminal intelligence that help to prevent a deterioration of the security situation and of public order. In mission settings, UN police personnel can also engage with local authorities, communities and civil society organizations, including women and youth organizations, in order to enhance early warning and situational awareness for the benefit of all mission components. In a similar manner, UN police personnel are often well positioned to gather information that the military component of the mission can use to maintain and improve the security of the area in which the mission operates. In non-mission settings, the UN Country Team will be well positioned to detect the signs of a potential return to armed conflict. In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":809, "Sentence":"In these contexts UN police personnel can be utilized in order to advise on the implementation of preventative measures.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities context un police personnel utilized order advise implementation preventative measure ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.2 Coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"DDR is a complex process requiring full coordination among all stakeholders, particularly local communities. Contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, UN police personnel should aim to build a strong working relationship with different segments of local communities that enables the DDR process to take place. More specifically, UN police personnel can contribute to the selection of sites for disarmament and demobilization, broker agreements with communities and help to assure the safety of community members. UN police personnel can monitor disarmament and demobilization sites and regularly liaise with communities and their male and female leaders at critical phases of the DDR process. Experience has shown that neglecting to address the different and shared concerns of the various segments of communities can lead to delays and a loss of the momentum required to push DDR forward. Due to their role in community policing, UN police personnel are often well placed to identify local concerns and coordinate with the parties involved to quickly resolve any problems that may arise.The presence of a dedicated UN police liaison officer within a mission\u2019s DDR component helps in the gathering and processing of intelligence on ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their current situation and their possible future activities\/locations. Such a liaison officer provides a valuable link to the operations of the UN police component and State police and law enforcement institutions. In this regard, the liaison officer can also keep the DDR component up to date on the progress of UN police personnel in advising and training the State police service.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":810, "Sentence":"DDR is a complex process requiring full coordination among all stakeholders, particularly local communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities ddr complex process requiring full coordination among stakeholder particularly local community ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.2 Coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"DDR is a complex process requiring full coordination among all stakeholders, particularly local communities. Contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, UN police personnel should aim to build a strong working relationship with different segments of local communities that enables the DDR process to take place. More specifically, UN police personnel can contribute to the selection of sites for disarmament and demobilization, broker agreements with communities and help to assure the safety of community members. UN police personnel can monitor disarmament and demobilization sites and regularly liaise with communities and their male and female leaders at critical phases of the DDR process. Experience has shown that neglecting to address the different and shared concerns of the various segments of communities can lead to delays and a loss of the momentum required to push DDR forward. Due to their role in community policing, UN police personnel are often well placed to identify local concerns and coordinate with the parties involved to quickly resolve any problems that may arise.The presence of a dedicated UN police liaison officer within a mission\u2019s DDR component helps in the gathering and processing of intelligence on ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their current situation and their possible future activities\/locations. Such a liaison officer provides a valuable link to the operations of the UN police component and State police and law enforcement institutions. In this regard, the liaison officer can also keep the DDR component up to date on the progress of UN police personnel in advising and training the State police service.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":810, "Sentence":"Contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, UN police personnel should aim to build a strong working relationship with different segments of local communities that enables the DDR process to take place.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities contingent mandate and\/or deployment strength un police personnel aim build strong working relationship different segment local community enables ddr process take place ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.2 Coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"DDR is a complex process requiring full coordination among all stakeholders, particularly local communities. Contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, UN police personnel should aim to build a strong working relationship with different segments of local communities that enables the DDR process to take place. More specifically, UN police personnel can contribute to the selection of sites for disarmament and demobilization, broker agreements with communities and help to assure the safety of community members. UN police personnel can monitor disarmament and demobilization sites and regularly liaise with communities and their male and female leaders at critical phases of the DDR process. Experience has shown that neglecting to address the different and shared concerns of the various segments of communities can lead to delays and a loss of the momentum required to push DDR forward. Due to their role in community policing, UN police personnel are often well placed to identify local concerns and coordinate with the parties involved to quickly resolve any problems that may arise.The presence of a dedicated UN police liaison officer within a mission\u2019s DDR component helps in the gathering and processing of intelligence on ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their current situation and their possible future activities\/locations. Such a liaison officer provides a valuable link to the operations of the UN police component and State police and law enforcement institutions. In this regard, the liaison officer can also keep the DDR component up to date on the progress of UN police personnel in advising and training the State police service.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":810, "Sentence":"More specifically, UN police personnel can contribute to the selection of sites for disarmament and demobilization, broker agreements with communities and help to assure the safety of community members.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities specifically un police personnel contribute selection site disarmament demobilization broker agreement community help assure safety community member ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.2 Coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"DDR is a complex process requiring full coordination among all stakeholders, particularly local communities. Contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, UN police personnel should aim to build a strong working relationship with different segments of local communities that enables the DDR process to take place. More specifically, UN police personnel can contribute to the selection of sites for disarmament and demobilization, broker agreements with communities and help to assure the safety of community members. UN police personnel can monitor disarmament and demobilization sites and regularly liaise with communities and their male and female leaders at critical phases of the DDR process. Experience has shown that neglecting to address the different and shared concerns of the various segments of communities can lead to delays and a loss of the momentum required to push DDR forward. Due to their role in community policing, UN police personnel are often well placed to identify local concerns and coordinate with the parties involved to quickly resolve any problems that may arise.The presence of a dedicated UN police liaison officer within a mission\u2019s DDR component helps in the gathering and processing of intelligence on ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their current situation and their possible future activities\/locations. Such a liaison officer provides a valuable link to the operations of the UN police component and State police and law enforcement institutions. In this regard, the liaison officer can also keep the DDR component up to date on the progress of UN police personnel in advising and training the State police service.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":810, "Sentence":"UN police personnel can monitor disarmament and demobilization sites and regularly liaise with communities and their male and female leaders at critical phases of the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities un police personnel monitor disarmament demobilization site regularly liaise community male female leader critical phase ddr process ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.2 Coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"DDR is a complex process requiring full coordination among all stakeholders, particularly local communities. Contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, UN police personnel should aim to build a strong working relationship with different segments of local communities that enables the DDR process to take place. More specifically, UN police personnel can contribute to the selection of sites for disarmament and demobilization, broker agreements with communities and help to assure the safety of community members. UN police personnel can monitor disarmament and demobilization sites and regularly liaise with communities and their male and female leaders at critical phases of the DDR process. Experience has shown that neglecting to address the different and shared concerns of the various segments of communities can lead to delays and a loss of the momentum required to push DDR forward. Due to their role in community policing, UN police personnel are often well placed to identify local concerns and coordinate with the parties involved to quickly resolve any problems that may arise.The presence of a dedicated UN police liaison officer within a mission\u2019s DDR component helps in the gathering and processing of intelligence on ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their current situation and their possible future activities\/locations. Such a liaison officer provides a valuable link to the operations of the UN police component and State police and law enforcement institutions. In this regard, the liaison officer can also keep the DDR component up to date on the progress of UN police personnel in advising and training the State police service.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":810, "Sentence":"Experience has shown that neglecting to address the different and shared concerns of the various segments of communities can lead to delays and a loss of the momentum required to push DDR forward.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities experience shown neglecting address different shared concern various segment community lead delay loss momentum required push ddr forward ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.2 Coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"DDR is a complex process requiring full coordination among all stakeholders, particularly local communities. Contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, UN police personnel should aim to build a strong working relationship with different segments of local communities that enables the DDR process to take place. More specifically, UN police personnel can contribute to the selection of sites for disarmament and demobilization, broker agreements with communities and help to assure the safety of community members. UN police personnel can monitor disarmament and demobilization sites and regularly liaise with communities and their male and female leaders at critical phases of the DDR process. Experience has shown that neglecting to address the different and shared concerns of the various segments of communities can lead to delays and a loss of the momentum required to push DDR forward. Due to their role in community policing, UN police personnel are often well placed to identify local concerns and coordinate with the parties involved to quickly resolve any problems that may arise.The presence of a dedicated UN police liaison officer within a mission\u2019s DDR component helps in the gathering and processing of intelligence on ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their current situation and their possible future activities\/locations. Such a liaison officer provides a valuable link to the operations of the UN police component and State police and law enforcement institutions. In this regard, the liaison officer can also keep the DDR component up to date on the progress of UN police personnel in advising and training the State police service.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":810, "Sentence":"Due to their role in community policing, UN police personnel are often well placed to identify local concerns and coordinate with the parties involved to quickly resolve any problems that may arise.The presence of a dedicated UN police liaison officer within a mission\u2019s DDR component helps in the gathering and processing of intelligence on ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their current situation and their possible future activities\/locations.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities due role community policing un police personnel often well placed identify local concern coordinate party involved quickly resolve problem may arise.the presence dedicated un police liaison officer within mission \u2019 ddr component help gathering processing intelligence excombatants person formerly associated armed force group current situation possible future activities\/locations ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.2 Coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"DDR is a complex process requiring full coordination among all stakeholders, particularly local communities. Contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, UN police personnel should aim to build a strong working relationship with different segments of local communities that enables the DDR process to take place. More specifically, UN police personnel can contribute to the selection of sites for disarmament and demobilization, broker agreements with communities and help to assure the safety of community members. UN police personnel can monitor disarmament and demobilization sites and regularly liaise with communities and their male and female leaders at critical phases of the DDR process. Experience has shown that neglecting to address the different and shared concerns of the various segments of communities can lead to delays and a loss of the momentum required to push DDR forward. Due to their role in community policing, UN police personnel are often well placed to identify local concerns and coordinate with the parties involved to quickly resolve any problems that may arise.The presence of a dedicated UN police liaison officer within a mission\u2019s DDR component helps in the gathering and processing of intelligence on ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their current situation and their possible future activities\/locations. Such a liaison officer provides a valuable link to the operations of the UN police component and State police and law enforcement institutions. In this regard, the liaison officer can also keep the DDR component up to date on the progress of UN police personnel in advising and training the State police service.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":810, "Sentence":"Such a liaison officer provides a valuable link to the operations of the UN police component and State police and law enforcement institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities liaison officer provides valuable link operation un police component state police law enforcement institution ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.2 Coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"DDR is a complex process requiring full coordination among all stakeholders, particularly local communities. Contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, UN police personnel should aim to build a strong working relationship with different segments of local communities that enables the DDR process to take place. More specifically, UN police personnel can contribute to the selection of sites for disarmament and demobilization, broker agreements with communities and help to assure the safety of community members. UN police personnel can monitor disarmament and demobilization sites and regularly liaise with communities and their male and female leaders at critical phases of the DDR process. Experience has shown that neglecting to address the different and shared concerns of the various segments of communities can lead to delays and a loss of the momentum required to push DDR forward. Due to their role in community policing, UN police personnel are often well placed to identify local concerns and coordinate with the parties involved to quickly resolve any problems that may arise.The presence of a dedicated UN police liaison officer within a mission\u2019s DDR component helps in the gathering and processing of intelligence on ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their current situation and their possible future activities\/locations. Such a liaison officer provides a valuable link to the operations of the UN police component and State police and law enforcement institutions. In this regard, the liaison officer can also keep the DDR component up to date on the progress of UN police personnel in advising and training the State police service.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":810, "Sentence":"In this regard, the liaison officer can also keep the DDR component up to date on the progress of UN police personnel in advising and training the State police service.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities regard liaison officer also keep ddr component date progress un police personnel advising training state police service ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.3 Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The monitoring of crime trends is important to limit and control the spread of activities that could hinder stability and derail the peace process. Demobilized combatants are sometimes involved in human trafficking, the sex trade, racketeering, smuggling and other organized criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). UN police personnel, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, shall try to ensure that these activities are controlled effectively right from the start. If DDR practitioners obtain information that is relevant to crime monitoring and prevention, this information shall be shared with UN police. Furthermore, if UN police personnel observe a return to military-style activities, they can assist in getting rid of checkpoints, illegal collection points and hold- ups, and can help persuade former combatants to abandon violence.Another aspect of monitoring should be that of establishing mechanisms to gather information and intelligence and observe any increase in the possession of arms by the civilian population. Where rules and regulations on the possession of arms for self-protection are well defined, they shall be strictly enforced by the State police service. Monitoring the efforts of the national authorities in controlling the movement of arms across borders will be crucial to identifying possible rearmament trends. Disarmament and\/or transitional WAM as part of a DDR process will not be successful if the flow of small arms and light weapons is not fully controlled (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).When provided with a mandate and\/or appropriate deployment strength, UN police personnel shall also monitor whether State police personnel comply with professional standards of policing. This type of monitoring should be linked to capacity-building, in that, if problems are found, UN police personnel should then support the State police to apply corrective measures. If police misconduct is discovered during the monitoring process, UN police personnel shall report this to the appropriate national or local internal oversight mechanism. Non-compliance reporting is one of the best tools available to monitors for ensuring that host authorities fulfil their obligations, and it should be used to apply pressure if State police personnel and authorities fail to deal with incidents of non- compliance, or routinely violate the principles of an agreement. Non-compliance reporting usually focuses on two themes: the standards of professional service delivery (client-focused) and the agreed principles of access and transparency with regard to commitments (bilateral agreements, access to records, detention centres, etc.).Finally, in UN missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the UN police component. The child protection mandates for missions can include support to DDR processes, to ensure the effective identification and demobilization of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys, a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access, and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children, including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations. The tasks of the police component, in close consultation with mission child protection advisers, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; monitoring child protection concerns through community-oriented policing; gathering and sharing information on the Six Grave Violations; ensuring the rights of children in contact with the law; and addressing juvenile justice issues such as arbitrary or prolonged pre-trial detention and prison conditions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":811, "Sentence":"The monitoring of crime trends is important to limit and control the spread of activities that could hinder stability and derail the peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities monitoring crime trend important limit control spread activity could hinder stability derail peace process ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.3 Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The monitoring of crime trends is important to limit and control the spread of activities that could hinder stability and derail the peace process. Demobilized combatants are sometimes involved in human trafficking, the sex trade, racketeering, smuggling and other organized criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). UN police personnel, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, shall try to ensure that these activities are controlled effectively right from the start. If DDR practitioners obtain information that is relevant to crime monitoring and prevention, this information shall be shared with UN police. Furthermore, if UN police personnel observe a return to military-style activities, they can assist in getting rid of checkpoints, illegal collection points and hold- ups, and can help persuade former combatants to abandon violence.Another aspect of monitoring should be that of establishing mechanisms to gather information and intelligence and observe any increase in the possession of arms by the civilian population. Where rules and regulations on the possession of arms for self-protection are well defined, they shall be strictly enforced by the State police service. Monitoring the efforts of the national authorities in controlling the movement of arms across borders will be crucial to identifying possible rearmament trends. Disarmament and\/or transitional WAM as part of a DDR process will not be successful if the flow of small arms and light weapons is not fully controlled (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).When provided with a mandate and\/or appropriate deployment strength, UN police personnel shall also monitor whether State police personnel comply with professional standards of policing. This type of monitoring should be linked to capacity-building, in that, if problems are found, UN police personnel should then support the State police to apply corrective measures. If police misconduct is discovered during the monitoring process, UN police personnel shall report this to the appropriate national or local internal oversight mechanism. Non-compliance reporting is one of the best tools available to monitors for ensuring that host authorities fulfil their obligations, and it should be used to apply pressure if State police personnel and authorities fail to deal with incidents of non- compliance, or routinely violate the principles of an agreement. Non-compliance reporting usually focuses on two themes: the standards of professional service delivery (client-focused) and the agreed principles of access and transparency with regard to commitments (bilateral agreements, access to records, detention centres, etc.).Finally, in UN missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the UN police component. The child protection mandates for missions can include support to DDR processes, to ensure the effective identification and demobilization of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys, a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access, and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children, including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations. The tasks of the police component, in close consultation with mission child protection advisers, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; monitoring child protection concerns through community-oriented policing; gathering and sharing information on the Six Grave Violations; ensuring the rights of children in contact with the law; and addressing juvenile justice issues such as arbitrary or prolonged pre-trial detention and prison conditions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":811, "Sentence":"Demobilized combatants are sometimes involved in human trafficking, the sex trade, racketeering, smuggling and other organized criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime).", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities demobilized combatant sometimes involved human trafficking sex trade racketeering smuggling organized criminal activity see iddrs 6.40 ddr organized crime ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.3 Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The monitoring of crime trends is important to limit and control the spread of activities that could hinder stability and derail the peace process. Demobilized combatants are sometimes involved in human trafficking, the sex trade, racketeering, smuggling and other organized criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). UN police personnel, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, shall try to ensure that these activities are controlled effectively right from the start. If DDR practitioners obtain information that is relevant to crime monitoring and prevention, this information shall be shared with UN police. Furthermore, if UN police personnel observe a return to military-style activities, they can assist in getting rid of checkpoints, illegal collection points and hold- ups, and can help persuade former combatants to abandon violence.Another aspect of monitoring should be that of establishing mechanisms to gather information and intelligence and observe any increase in the possession of arms by the civilian population. Where rules and regulations on the possession of arms for self-protection are well defined, they shall be strictly enforced by the State police service. Monitoring the efforts of the national authorities in controlling the movement of arms across borders will be crucial to identifying possible rearmament trends. Disarmament and\/or transitional WAM as part of a DDR process will not be successful if the flow of small arms and light weapons is not fully controlled (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).When provided with a mandate and\/or appropriate deployment strength, UN police personnel shall also monitor whether State police personnel comply with professional standards of policing. This type of monitoring should be linked to capacity-building, in that, if problems are found, UN police personnel should then support the State police to apply corrective measures. If police misconduct is discovered during the monitoring process, UN police personnel shall report this to the appropriate national or local internal oversight mechanism. Non-compliance reporting is one of the best tools available to monitors for ensuring that host authorities fulfil their obligations, and it should be used to apply pressure if State police personnel and authorities fail to deal with incidents of non- compliance, or routinely violate the principles of an agreement. Non-compliance reporting usually focuses on two themes: the standards of professional service delivery (client-focused) and the agreed principles of access and transparency with regard to commitments (bilateral agreements, access to records, detention centres, etc.).Finally, in UN missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the UN police component. The child protection mandates for missions can include support to DDR processes, to ensure the effective identification and demobilization of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys, a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access, and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children, including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations. The tasks of the police component, in close consultation with mission child protection advisers, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; monitoring child protection concerns through community-oriented policing; gathering and sharing information on the Six Grave Violations; ensuring the rights of children in contact with the law; and addressing juvenile justice issues such as arbitrary or prolonged pre-trial detention and prison conditions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":811, "Sentence":"UN police personnel, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, shall try to ensure that these activities are controlled effectively right from the start.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities un police personnel contingent mandate and\/or deployment strength shall try ensure activity controlled effectively right start ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.3 Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The monitoring of crime trends is important to limit and control the spread of activities that could hinder stability and derail the peace process. Demobilized combatants are sometimes involved in human trafficking, the sex trade, racketeering, smuggling and other organized criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). UN police personnel, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, shall try to ensure that these activities are controlled effectively right from the start. If DDR practitioners obtain information that is relevant to crime monitoring and prevention, this information shall be shared with UN police. Furthermore, if UN police personnel observe a return to military-style activities, they can assist in getting rid of checkpoints, illegal collection points and hold- ups, and can help persuade former combatants to abandon violence.Another aspect of monitoring should be that of establishing mechanisms to gather information and intelligence and observe any increase in the possession of arms by the civilian population. Where rules and regulations on the possession of arms for self-protection are well defined, they shall be strictly enforced by the State police service. Monitoring the efforts of the national authorities in controlling the movement of arms across borders will be crucial to identifying possible rearmament trends. Disarmament and\/or transitional WAM as part of a DDR process will not be successful if the flow of small arms and light weapons is not fully controlled (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).When provided with a mandate and\/or appropriate deployment strength, UN police personnel shall also monitor whether State police personnel comply with professional standards of policing. This type of monitoring should be linked to capacity-building, in that, if problems are found, UN police personnel should then support the State police to apply corrective measures. If police misconduct is discovered during the monitoring process, UN police personnel shall report this to the appropriate national or local internal oversight mechanism. Non-compliance reporting is one of the best tools available to monitors for ensuring that host authorities fulfil their obligations, and it should be used to apply pressure if State police personnel and authorities fail to deal with incidents of non- compliance, or routinely violate the principles of an agreement. Non-compliance reporting usually focuses on two themes: the standards of professional service delivery (client-focused) and the agreed principles of access and transparency with regard to commitments (bilateral agreements, access to records, detention centres, etc.).Finally, in UN missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the UN police component. The child protection mandates for missions can include support to DDR processes, to ensure the effective identification and demobilization of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys, a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access, and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children, including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations. The tasks of the police component, in close consultation with mission child protection advisers, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; monitoring child protection concerns through community-oriented policing; gathering and sharing information on the Six Grave Violations; ensuring the rights of children in contact with the law; and addressing juvenile justice issues such as arbitrary or prolonged pre-trial detention and prison conditions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":811, "Sentence":"If DDR practitioners obtain information that is relevant to crime monitoring and prevention, this information shall be shared with UN police.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities ddr practitioner obtain information relevant crime monitoring prevention information shall shared un police ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.3 Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The monitoring of crime trends is important to limit and control the spread of activities that could hinder stability and derail the peace process. Demobilized combatants are sometimes involved in human trafficking, the sex trade, racketeering, smuggling and other organized criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). UN police personnel, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, shall try to ensure that these activities are controlled effectively right from the start. If DDR practitioners obtain information that is relevant to crime monitoring and prevention, this information shall be shared with UN police. Furthermore, if UN police personnel observe a return to military-style activities, they can assist in getting rid of checkpoints, illegal collection points and hold- ups, and can help persuade former combatants to abandon violence.Another aspect of monitoring should be that of establishing mechanisms to gather information and intelligence and observe any increase in the possession of arms by the civilian population. Where rules and regulations on the possession of arms for self-protection are well defined, they shall be strictly enforced by the State police service. Monitoring the efforts of the national authorities in controlling the movement of arms across borders will be crucial to identifying possible rearmament trends. Disarmament and\/or transitional WAM as part of a DDR process will not be successful if the flow of small arms and light weapons is not fully controlled (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).When provided with a mandate and\/or appropriate deployment strength, UN police personnel shall also monitor whether State police personnel comply with professional standards of policing. This type of monitoring should be linked to capacity-building, in that, if problems are found, UN police personnel should then support the State police to apply corrective measures. If police misconduct is discovered during the monitoring process, UN police personnel shall report this to the appropriate national or local internal oversight mechanism. Non-compliance reporting is one of the best tools available to monitors for ensuring that host authorities fulfil their obligations, and it should be used to apply pressure if State police personnel and authorities fail to deal with incidents of non- compliance, or routinely violate the principles of an agreement. Non-compliance reporting usually focuses on two themes: the standards of professional service delivery (client-focused) and the agreed principles of access and transparency with regard to commitments (bilateral agreements, access to records, detention centres, etc.).Finally, in UN missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the UN police component. The child protection mandates for missions can include support to DDR processes, to ensure the effective identification and demobilization of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys, a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access, and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children, including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations. The tasks of the police component, in close consultation with mission child protection advisers, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; monitoring child protection concerns through community-oriented policing; gathering and sharing information on the Six Grave Violations; ensuring the rights of children in contact with the law; and addressing juvenile justice issues such as arbitrary or prolonged pre-trial detention and prison conditions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":811, "Sentence":"Furthermore, if UN police personnel observe a return to military-style activities, they can assist in getting rid of checkpoints, illegal collection points and hold- ups, and can help persuade former combatants to abandon violence.Another aspect of monitoring should be that of establishing mechanisms to gather information and intelligence and observe any increase in the possession of arms by the civilian population.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities furthermore un police personnel observe return militarystyle activity assist getting rid checkpoint illegal collection point hold ups help persuade former combatant abandon violence.another aspect monitoring establishing mechanism gather information intelligence observe increase possession arm civilian population ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.3 Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The monitoring of crime trends is important to limit and control the spread of activities that could hinder stability and derail the peace process. Demobilized combatants are sometimes involved in human trafficking, the sex trade, racketeering, smuggling and other organized criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). UN police personnel, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, shall try to ensure that these activities are controlled effectively right from the start. If DDR practitioners obtain information that is relevant to crime monitoring and prevention, this information shall be shared with UN police. Furthermore, if UN police personnel observe a return to military-style activities, they can assist in getting rid of checkpoints, illegal collection points and hold- ups, and can help persuade former combatants to abandon violence.Another aspect of monitoring should be that of establishing mechanisms to gather information and intelligence and observe any increase in the possession of arms by the civilian population. Where rules and regulations on the possession of arms for self-protection are well defined, they shall be strictly enforced by the State police service. Monitoring the efforts of the national authorities in controlling the movement of arms across borders will be crucial to identifying possible rearmament trends. Disarmament and\/or transitional WAM as part of a DDR process will not be successful if the flow of small arms and light weapons is not fully controlled (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).When provided with a mandate and\/or appropriate deployment strength, UN police personnel shall also monitor whether State police personnel comply with professional standards of policing. This type of monitoring should be linked to capacity-building, in that, if problems are found, UN police personnel should then support the State police to apply corrective measures. If police misconduct is discovered during the monitoring process, UN police personnel shall report this to the appropriate national or local internal oversight mechanism. Non-compliance reporting is one of the best tools available to monitors for ensuring that host authorities fulfil their obligations, and it should be used to apply pressure if State police personnel and authorities fail to deal with incidents of non- compliance, or routinely violate the principles of an agreement. Non-compliance reporting usually focuses on two themes: the standards of professional service delivery (client-focused) and the agreed principles of access and transparency with regard to commitments (bilateral agreements, access to records, detention centres, etc.).Finally, in UN missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the UN police component. The child protection mandates for missions can include support to DDR processes, to ensure the effective identification and demobilization of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys, a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access, and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children, including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations. The tasks of the police component, in close consultation with mission child protection advisers, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; monitoring child protection concerns through community-oriented policing; gathering and sharing information on the Six Grave Violations; ensuring the rights of children in contact with the law; and addressing juvenile justice issues such as arbitrary or prolonged pre-trial detention and prison conditions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":811, "Sentence":"Where rules and regulations on the possession of arms for self-protection are well defined, they shall be strictly enforced by the State police service.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities rule regulation possession arm selfprotection well defined shall strictly enforced state police service ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.3 Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The monitoring of crime trends is important to limit and control the spread of activities that could hinder stability and derail the peace process. Demobilized combatants are sometimes involved in human trafficking, the sex trade, racketeering, smuggling and other organized criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). UN police personnel, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, shall try to ensure that these activities are controlled effectively right from the start. If DDR practitioners obtain information that is relevant to crime monitoring and prevention, this information shall be shared with UN police. Furthermore, if UN police personnel observe a return to military-style activities, they can assist in getting rid of checkpoints, illegal collection points and hold- ups, and can help persuade former combatants to abandon violence.Another aspect of monitoring should be that of establishing mechanisms to gather information and intelligence and observe any increase in the possession of arms by the civilian population. Where rules and regulations on the possession of arms for self-protection are well defined, they shall be strictly enforced by the State police service. Monitoring the efforts of the national authorities in controlling the movement of arms across borders will be crucial to identifying possible rearmament trends. Disarmament and\/or transitional WAM as part of a DDR process will not be successful if the flow of small arms and light weapons is not fully controlled (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).When provided with a mandate and\/or appropriate deployment strength, UN police personnel shall also monitor whether State police personnel comply with professional standards of policing. This type of monitoring should be linked to capacity-building, in that, if problems are found, UN police personnel should then support the State police to apply corrective measures. If police misconduct is discovered during the monitoring process, UN police personnel shall report this to the appropriate national or local internal oversight mechanism. Non-compliance reporting is one of the best tools available to monitors for ensuring that host authorities fulfil their obligations, and it should be used to apply pressure if State police personnel and authorities fail to deal with incidents of non- compliance, or routinely violate the principles of an agreement. Non-compliance reporting usually focuses on two themes: the standards of professional service delivery (client-focused) and the agreed principles of access and transparency with regard to commitments (bilateral agreements, access to records, detention centres, etc.).Finally, in UN missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the UN police component. The child protection mandates for missions can include support to DDR processes, to ensure the effective identification and demobilization of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys, a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access, and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children, including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations. The tasks of the police component, in close consultation with mission child protection advisers, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; monitoring child protection concerns through community-oriented policing; gathering and sharing information on the Six Grave Violations; ensuring the rights of children in contact with the law; and addressing juvenile justice issues such as arbitrary or prolonged pre-trial detention and prison conditions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":811, "Sentence":"Monitoring the efforts of the national authorities in controlling the movement of arms across borders will be crucial to identifying possible rearmament trends.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities monitoring effort national authority controlling movement arm across border crucial identifying possible rearmament trend ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.3 Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The monitoring of crime trends is important to limit and control the spread of activities that could hinder stability and derail the peace process. Demobilized combatants are sometimes involved in human trafficking, the sex trade, racketeering, smuggling and other organized criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). UN police personnel, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, shall try to ensure that these activities are controlled effectively right from the start. If DDR practitioners obtain information that is relevant to crime monitoring and prevention, this information shall be shared with UN police. Furthermore, if UN police personnel observe a return to military-style activities, they can assist in getting rid of checkpoints, illegal collection points and hold- ups, and can help persuade former combatants to abandon violence.Another aspect of monitoring should be that of establishing mechanisms to gather information and intelligence and observe any increase in the possession of arms by the civilian population. Where rules and regulations on the possession of arms for self-protection are well defined, they shall be strictly enforced by the State police service. Monitoring the efforts of the national authorities in controlling the movement of arms across borders will be crucial to identifying possible rearmament trends. Disarmament and\/or transitional WAM as part of a DDR process will not be successful if the flow of small arms and light weapons is not fully controlled (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).When provided with a mandate and\/or appropriate deployment strength, UN police personnel shall also monitor whether State police personnel comply with professional standards of policing. This type of monitoring should be linked to capacity-building, in that, if problems are found, UN police personnel should then support the State police to apply corrective measures. If police misconduct is discovered during the monitoring process, UN police personnel shall report this to the appropriate national or local internal oversight mechanism. Non-compliance reporting is one of the best tools available to monitors for ensuring that host authorities fulfil their obligations, and it should be used to apply pressure if State police personnel and authorities fail to deal with incidents of non- compliance, or routinely violate the principles of an agreement. Non-compliance reporting usually focuses on two themes: the standards of professional service delivery (client-focused) and the agreed principles of access and transparency with regard to commitments (bilateral agreements, access to records, detention centres, etc.).Finally, in UN missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the UN police component. The child protection mandates for missions can include support to DDR processes, to ensure the effective identification and demobilization of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys, a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access, and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children, including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations. The tasks of the police component, in close consultation with mission child protection advisers, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; monitoring child protection concerns through community-oriented policing; gathering and sharing information on the Six Grave Violations; ensuring the rights of children in contact with the law; and addressing juvenile justice issues such as arbitrary or prolonged pre-trial detention and prison conditions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":811, "Sentence":"Disarmament and\/or transitional WAM as part of a DDR process will not be successful if the flow of small arms and light weapons is not fully controlled (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).When provided with a mandate and\/or appropriate deployment strength, UN police personnel shall also monitor whether State police personnel comply with professional standards of policing.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities disarmament and\/or transitional wam part ddr process successful flow small arm light weapon fully controlled see iddrs 4.10 disarmament iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammunition management.when provided mandate and\/or appropriate deployment strength un police personnel shall also monitor whether state police personnel comply professional standard policing ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.3 Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The monitoring of crime trends is important to limit and control the spread of activities that could hinder stability and derail the peace process. Demobilized combatants are sometimes involved in human trafficking, the sex trade, racketeering, smuggling and other organized criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). UN police personnel, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, shall try to ensure that these activities are controlled effectively right from the start. If DDR practitioners obtain information that is relevant to crime monitoring and prevention, this information shall be shared with UN police. Furthermore, if UN police personnel observe a return to military-style activities, they can assist in getting rid of checkpoints, illegal collection points and hold- ups, and can help persuade former combatants to abandon violence.Another aspect of monitoring should be that of establishing mechanisms to gather information and intelligence and observe any increase in the possession of arms by the civilian population. Where rules and regulations on the possession of arms for self-protection are well defined, they shall be strictly enforced by the State police service. Monitoring the efforts of the national authorities in controlling the movement of arms across borders will be crucial to identifying possible rearmament trends. Disarmament and\/or transitional WAM as part of a DDR process will not be successful if the flow of small arms and light weapons is not fully controlled (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).When provided with a mandate and\/or appropriate deployment strength, UN police personnel shall also monitor whether State police personnel comply with professional standards of policing. This type of monitoring should be linked to capacity-building, in that, if problems are found, UN police personnel should then support the State police to apply corrective measures. If police misconduct is discovered during the monitoring process, UN police personnel shall report this to the appropriate national or local internal oversight mechanism. Non-compliance reporting is one of the best tools available to monitors for ensuring that host authorities fulfil their obligations, and it should be used to apply pressure if State police personnel and authorities fail to deal with incidents of non- compliance, or routinely violate the principles of an agreement. Non-compliance reporting usually focuses on two themes: the standards of professional service delivery (client-focused) and the agreed principles of access and transparency with regard to commitments (bilateral agreements, access to records, detention centres, etc.).Finally, in UN missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the UN police component. The child protection mandates for missions can include support to DDR processes, to ensure the effective identification and demobilization of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys, a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access, and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children, including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations. The tasks of the police component, in close consultation with mission child protection advisers, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; monitoring child protection concerns through community-oriented policing; gathering and sharing information on the Six Grave Violations; ensuring the rights of children in contact with the law; and addressing juvenile justice issues such as arbitrary or prolonged pre-trial detention and prison conditions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":811, "Sentence":"This type of monitoring should be linked to capacity-building, in that, if problems are found, UN police personnel should then support the State police to apply corrective measures.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities type monitoring linked capacitybuilding problem found un police personnel support state police apply corrective measure ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.3 Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The monitoring of crime trends is important to limit and control the spread of activities that could hinder stability and derail the peace process. Demobilized combatants are sometimes involved in human trafficking, the sex trade, racketeering, smuggling and other organized criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). UN police personnel, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, shall try to ensure that these activities are controlled effectively right from the start. If DDR practitioners obtain information that is relevant to crime monitoring and prevention, this information shall be shared with UN police. Furthermore, if UN police personnel observe a return to military-style activities, they can assist in getting rid of checkpoints, illegal collection points and hold- ups, and can help persuade former combatants to abandon violence.Another aspect of monitoring should be that of establishing mechanisms to gather information and intelligence and observe any increase in the possession of arms by the civilian population. Where rules and regulations on the possession of arms for self-protection are well defined, they shall be strictly enforced by the State police service. Monitoring the efforts of the national authorities in controlling the movement of arms across borders will be crucial to identifying possible rearmament trends. Disarmament and\/or transitional WAM as part of a DDR process will not be successful if the flow of small arms and light weapons is not fully controlled (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).When provided with a mandate and\/or appropriate deployment strength, UN police personnel shall also monitor whether State police personnel comply with professional standards of policing. This type of monitoring should be linked to capacity-building, in that, if problems are found, UN police personnel should then support the State police to apply corrective measures. If police misconduct is discovered during the monitoring process, UN police personnel shall report this to the appropriate national or local internal oversight mechanism. Non-compliance reporting is one of the best tools available to monitors for ensuring that host authorities fulfil their obligations, and it should be used to apply pressure if State police personnel and authorities fail to deal with incidents of non- compliance, or routinely violate the principles of an agreement. Non-compliance reporting usually focuses on two themes: the standards of professional service delivery (client-focused) and the agreed principles of access and transparency with regard to commitments (bilateral agreements, access to records, detention centres, etc.).Finally, in UN missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the UN police component. The child protection mandates for missions can include support to DDR processes, to ensure the effective identification and demobilization of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys, a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access, and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children, including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations. The tasks of the police component, in close consultation with mission child protection advisers, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; monitoring child protection concerns through community-oriented policing; gathering and sharing information on the Six Grave Violations; ensuring the rights of children in contact with the law; and addressing juvenile justice issues such as arbitrary or prolonged pre-trial detention and prison conditions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":811, "Sentence":"If police misconduct is discovered during the monitoring process, UN police personnel shall report this to the appropriate national or local internal oversight mechanism.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities police misconduct discovered monitoring process un police personnel shall report appropriate national local internal oversight mechanism ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.3 Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The monitoring of crime trends is important to limit and control the spread of activities that could hinder stability and derail the peace process. Demobilized combatants are sometimes involved in human trafficking, the sex trade, racketeering, smuggling and other organized criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). UN police personnel, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, shall try to ensure that these activities are controlled effectively right from the start. If DDR practitioners obtain information that is relevant to crime monitoring and prevention, this information shall be shared with UN police. Furthermore, if UN police personnel observe a return to military-style activities, they can assist in getting rid of checkpoints, illegal collection points and hold- ups, and can help persuade former combatants to abandon violence.Another aspect of monitoring should be that of establishing mechanisms to gather information and intelligence and observe any increase in the possession of arms by the civilian population. Where rules and regulations on the possession of arms for self-protection are well defined, they shall be strictly enforced by the State police service. Monitoring the efforts of the national authorities in controlling the movement of arms across borders will be crucial to identifying possible rearmament trends. Disarmament and\/or transitional WAM as part of a DDR process will not be successful if the flow of small arms and light weapons is not fully controlled (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).When provided with a mandate and\/or appropriate deployment strength, UN police personnel shall also monitor whether State police personnel comply with professional standards of policing. This type of monitoring should be linked to capacity-building, in that, if problems are found, UN police personnel should then support the State police to apply corrective measures. If police misconduct is discovered during the monitoring process, UN police personnel shall report this to the appropriate national or local internal oversight mechanism. Non-compliance reporting is one of the best tools available to monitors for ensuring that host authorities fulfil their obligations, and it should be used to apply pressure if State police personnel and authorities fail to deal with incidents of non- compliance, or routinely violate the principles of an agreement. Non-compliance reporting usually focuses on two themes: the standards of professional service delivery (client-focused) and the agreed principles of access and transparency with regard to commitments (bilateral agreements, access to records, detention centres, etc.).Finally, in UN missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the UN police component. The child protection mandates for missions can include support to DDR processes, to ensure the effective identification and demobilization of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys, a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access, and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children, including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations. The tasks of the police component, in close consultation with mission child protection advisers, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; monitoring child protection concerns through community-oriented policing; gathering and sharing information on the Six Grave Violations; ensuring the rights of children in contact with the law; and addressing juvenile justice issues such as arbitrary or prolonged pre-trial detention and prison conditions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":811, "Sentence":"Non-compliance reporting is one of the best tools available to monitors for ensuring that host authorities fulfil their obligations, and it should be used to apply pressure if State police personnel and authorities fail to deal with incidents of non- compliance, or routinely violate the principles of an agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities noncompliance reporting one best tool available monitor ensuring host authority fulfil obligation used apply pressure state police personnel authority fail deal incident non compliance routinely violate principle agreement ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.3 Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The monitoring of crime trends is important to limit and control the spread of activities that could hinder stability and derail the peace process. Demobilized combatants are sometimes involved in human trafficking, the sex trade, racketeering, smuggling and other organized criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). UN police personnel, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, shall try to ensure that these activities are controlled effectively right from the start. If DDR practitioners obtain information that is relevant to crime monitoring and prevention, this information shall be shared with UN police. Furthermore, if UN police personnel observe a return to military-style activities, they can assist in getting rid of checkpoints, illegal collection points and hold- ups, and can help persuade former combatants to abandon violence.Another aspect of monitoring should be that of establishing mechanisms to gather information and intelligence and observe any increase in the possession of arms by the civilian population. Where rules and regulations on the possession of arms for self-protection are well defined, they shall be strictly enforced by the State police service. Monitoring the efforts of the national authorities in controlling the movement of arms across borders will be crucial to identifying possible rearmament trends. Disarmament and\/or transitional WAM as part of a DDR process will not be successful if the flow of small arms and light weapons is not fully controlled (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).When provided with a mandate and\/or appropriate deployment strength, UN police personnel shall also monitor whether State police personnel comply with professional standards of policing. This type of monitoring should be linked to capacity-building, in that, if problems are found, UN police personnel should then support the State police to apply corrective measures. If police misconduct is discovered during the monitoring process, UN police personnel shall report this to the appropriate national or local internal oversight mechanism. Non-compliance reporting is one of the best tools available to monitors for ensuring that host authorities fulfil their obligations, and it should be used to apply pressure if State police personnel and authorities fail to deal with incidents of non- compliance, or routinely violate the principles of an agreement. Non-compliance reporting usually focuses on two themes: the standards of professional service delivery (client-focused) and the agreed principles of access and transparency with regard to commitments (bilateral agreements, access to records, detention centres, etc.).Finally, in UN missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the UN police component. The child protection mandates for missions can include support to DDR processes, to ensure the effective identification and demobilization of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys, a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access, and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children, including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations. The tasks of the police component, in close consultation with mission child protection advisers, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; monitoring child protection concerns through community-oriented policing; gathering and sharing information on the Six Grave Violations; ensuring the rights of children in contact with the law; and addressing juvenile justice issues such as arbitrary or prolonged pre-trial detention and prison conditions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":811, "Sentence":"Non-compliance reporting usually focuses on two themes: the standards of professional service delivery (client-focused) and the agreed principles of access and transparency with regard to commitments (bilateral agreements, access to records, detention centres, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities noncompliance reporting usually focus two theme standard professional service delivery clientfocused agreed principle access transparency regard commitment bilateral agreement access record detention centre etc ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.3 Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The monitoring of crime trends is important to limit and control the spread of activities that could hinder stability and derail the peace process. Demobilized combatants are sometimes involved in human trafficking, the sex trade, racketeering, smuggling and other organized criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). UN police personnel, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, shall try to ensure that these activities are controlled effectively right from the start. If DDR practitioners obtain information that is relevant to crime monitoring and prevention, this information shall be shared with UN police. Furthermore, if UN police personnel observe a return to military-style activities, they can assist in getting rid of checkpoints, illegal collection points and hold- ups, and can help persuade former combatants to abandon violence.Another aspect of monitoring should be that of establishing mechanisms to gather information and intelligence and observe any increase in the possession of arms by the civilian population. Where rules and regulations on the possession of arms for self-protection are well defined, they shall be strictly enforced by the State police service. Monitoring the efforts of the national authorities in controlling the movement of arms across borders will be crucial to identifying possible rearmament trends. Disarmament and\/or transitional WAM as part of a DDR process will not be successful if the flow of small arms and light weapons is not fully controlled (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).When provided with a mandate and\/or appropriate deployment strength, UN police personnel shall also monitor whether State police personnel comply with professional standards of policing. This type of monitoring should be linked to capacity-building, in that, if problems are found, UN police personnel should then support the State police to apply corrective measures. If police misconduct is discovered during the monitoring process, UN police personnel shall report this to the appropriate national or local internal oversight mechanism. Non-compliance reporting is one of the best tools available to monitors for ensuring that host authorities fulfil their obligations, and it should be used to apply pressure if State police personnel and authorities fail to deal with incidents of non- compliance, or routinely violate the principles of an agreement. Non-compliance reporting usually focuses on two themes: the standards of professional service delivery (client-focused) and the agreed principles of access and transparency with regard to commitments (bilateral agreements, access to records, detention centres, etc.).Finally, in UN missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the UN police component. The child protection mandates for missions can include support to DDR processes, to ensure the effective identification and demobilization of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys, a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access, and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children, including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations. The tasks of the police component, in close consultation with mission child protection advisers, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; monitoring child protection concerns through community-oriented policing; gathering and sharing information on the Six Grave Violations; ensuring the rights of children in contact with the law; and addressing juvenile justice issues such as arbitrary or prolonged pre-trial detention and prison conditions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":811, "Sentence":").Finally, in UN missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the UN police component.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities .finally un mission hold specific child protection\/children armed conflict mandate child protection specified mandated task un police component ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.3 Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The monitoring of crime trends is important to limit and control the spread of activities that could hinder stability and derail the peace process. Demobilized combatants are sometimes involved in human trafficking, the sex trade, racketeering, smuggling and other organized criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). UN police personnel, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, shall try to ensure that these activities are controlled effectively right from the start. If DDR practitioners obtain information that is relevant to crime monitoring and prevention, this information shall be shared with UN police. Furthermore, if UN police personnel observe a return to military-style activities, they can assist in getting rid of checkpoints, illegal collection points and hold- ups, and can help persuade former combatants to abandon violence.Another aspect of monitoring should be that of establishing mechanisms to gather information and intelligence and observe any increase in the possession of arms by the civilian population. Where rules and regulations on the possession of arms for self-protection are well defined, they shall be strictly enforced by the State police service. Monitoring the efforts of the national authorities in controlling the movement of arms across borders will be crucial to identifying possible rearmament trends. Disarmament and\/or transitional WAM as part of a DDR process will not be successful if the flow of small arms and light weapons is not fully controlled (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).When provided with a mandate and\/or appropriate deployment strength, UN police personnel shall also monitor whether State police personnel comply with professional standards of policing. This type of monitoring should be linked to capacity-building, in that, if problems are found, UN police personnel should then support the State police to apply corrective measures. If police misconduct is discovered during the monitoring process, UN police personnel shall report this to the appropriate national or local internal oversight mechanism. Non-compliance reporting is one of the best tools available to monitors for ensuring that host authorities fulfil their obligations, and it should be used to apply pressure if State police personnel and authorities fail to deal with incidents of non- compliance, or routinely violate the principles of an agreement. Non-compliance reporting usually focuses on two themes: the standards of professional service delivery (client-focused) and the agreed principles of access and transparency with regard to commitments (bilateral agreements, access to records, detention centres, etc.).Finally, in UN missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the UN police component. The child protection mandates for missions can include support to DDR processes, to ensure the effective identification and demobilization of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys, a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access, and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children, including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations. The tasks of the police component, in close consultation with mission child protection advisers, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; monitoring child protection concerns through community-oriented policing; gathering and sharing information on the Six Grave Violations; ensuring the rights of children in contact with the law; and addressing juvenile justice issues such as arbitrary or prolonged pre-trial detention and prison conditions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":811, "Sentence":"The child protection mandates for missions can include support to DDR processes, to ensure the effective identification and demobilization of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys, a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access, and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children, including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities child protection mandate mission include support ddr process ensure effective identification demobilization child taking account specific concern girl boy requirement monitor report six grave violation child namely recruitment use child killing maiming sexual violence child abduction attack school hospital denial humanitarian access and\/or requirement mission work closely government armed group adopt implement measure protect child including action plan end prevent grave violation ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.3 Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The monitoring of crime trends is important to limit and control the spread of activities that could hinder stability and derail the peace process. Demobilized combatants are sometimes involved in human trafficking, the sex trade, racketeering, smuggling and other organized criminal activities (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). UN police personnel, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, shall try to ensure that these activities are controlled effectively right from the start. If DDR practitioners obtain information that is relevant to crime monitoring and prevention, this information shall be shared with UN police. Furthermore, if UN police personnel observe a return to military-style activities, they can assist in getting rid of checkpoints, illegal collection points and hold- ups, and can help persuade former combatants to abandon violence.Another aspect of monitoring should be that of establishing mechanisms to gather information and intelligence and observe any increase in the possession of arms by the civilian population. Where rules and regulations on the possession of arms for self-protection are well defined, they shall be strictly enforced by the State police service. Monitoring the efforts of the national authorities in controlling the movement of arms across borders will be crucial to identifying possible rearmament trends. Disarmament and\/or transitional WAM as part of a DDR process will not be successful if the flow of small arms and light weapons is not fully controlled (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).When provided with a mandate and\/or appropriate deployment strength, UN police personnel shall also monitor whether State police personnel comply with professional standards of policing. This type of monitoring should be linked to capacity-building, in that, if problems are found, UN police personnel should then support the State police to apply corrective measures. If police misconduct is discovered during the monitoring process, UN police personnel shall report this to the appropriate national or local internal oversight mechanism. Non-compliance reporting is one of the best tools available to monitors for ensuring that host authorities fulfil their obligations, and it should be used to apply pressure if State police personnel and authorities fail to deal with incidents of non- compliance, or routinely violate the principles of an agreement. Non-compliance reporting usually focuses on two themes: the standards of professional service delivery (client-focused) and the agreed principles of access and transparency with regard to commitments (bilateral agreements, access to records, detention centres, etc.).Finally, in UN missions that hold a specific Child Protection\/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the UN police component. The child protection mandates for missions can include support to DDR processes, to ensure the effective identification and demobilization of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys, a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access, and\/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children, including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations. The tasks of the police component, in close consultation with mission child protection advisers, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; monitoring child protection concerns through community-oriented policing; gathering and sharing information on the Six Grave Violations; ensuring the rights of children in contact with the law; and addressing juvenile justice issues such as arbitrary or prolonged pre-trial detention and prison conditions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":811, "Sentence":"The tasks of the police component, in close consultation with mission child protection advisers, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; monitoring child protection concerns through community-oriented policing; gathering and sharing information on the Six Grave Violations; ensuring the rights of children in contact with the law; and addressing juvenile justice issues such as arbitrary or prolonged pre-trial detention and prison conditions.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities task police component close consultation mission child protection adviser therefore include limited providing physical protection child monitoring child protection concern communityoriented policing gathering sharing information six grave violation ensuring right child contact law addressing juvenile justice issue arbitrary prolonged pretrial detention prison condition ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.4 Building public confidence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"A division between the State police service and the community may emerge during armed conflict. This division should be bridged, and public confidence in the State police service should be (re)built, in order for long-term peace to be sustained. Community-oriented policing initiatives, as espoused in the United Nations Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, are an effective means of establishing and sustaining long-term community reconciliation processes. 2 They involve a shift in policing methods and practice, so that the police and different segments of the community work together to solve problems concerning crime, disorder and insecurity (see Box 1). In this way, and through a gender-responsive approach, a relationship between the police and the public is (re)established.The philosophy of community-oriented policing encourages the development of new ways of dealing with community security concerns, particularly to ensure that the needs of women, men, the old and young, minorities, persons with disabilities and other specific-needs groups are systematically addressed. Police personnel (both State and UN) shall be trained in how to tackle gender-based violence towards women and children, both girls and boys, in addition to other hidden social problems such as abuse of the elderly. UN police personnel shall utilize their gender officers and advisers to closely follow up on all aspects related to protections for women and vulnerable groups. They shall include engagement with local communities and civil society organizations, including women\u2019s and youth organizations, to assess the nature and extent of possible abuses and provide immediate assistance and follow-up.The sensitization of communities on how to take preventative action and avoid interpersonal violence increases public confidence in the police and enables them to more effectively address the needs of the most vulnerable. The following steps can be taken to strengthen public confidence in the police: \\n Open access to all police services; \\n The availability of police services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; \\n A highly visible police presence; \\n Extensive public information campaigns; \\n The representation of minority groups and balanced ethnic composition in the police service; \\n The promotion of gender balance in the police service and gender mainstreaming in all police work; \\n The establishment of police stations or temporary advances in localities where security services are not installed. \\n Raising awareness among the police on human rights and rule of law compliant policing in practice.In addition to these steps, community policing forums are useful means to create environments that enable the acceptance of ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and discredited local police personnel back into the community. In both mission and non- mission contexts, UN police personnel can support the development of such local forums and sensitize all concerned parties to the need for reconciliation and trust. Such initiatives offer the opportunity for community members to regularly share matters of concern and encourage mutual understanding. They also provide an opportunity for community members and civil society representatives to regularly evaluate the actions of the police.When fulfilling an executive mandate, UN police personnel shall develop and carry out all appropriate confidence-building measures. When fulfilling a non-executive mandate, UN police personnel shall assist and advise the State police service in their confidence-building initiatives. Where appropriate, UN police personnel can conduct community policing activities and gradually include the State service. This approach can help to ensure that community trust in the State police service is increased over time. This will enable the State police service to take over when the mission withdraws.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":812, "Sentence":"A division between the State police service and the community may emerge during armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities division state police service community may emerge armed conflict ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.4 Building public confidence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"A division between the State police service and the community may emerge during armed conflict. This division should be bridged, and public confidence in the State police service should be (re)built, in order for long-term peace to be sustained. Community-oriented policing initiatives, as espoused in the United Nations Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, are an effective means of establishing and sustaining long-term community reconciliation processes. 2 They involve a shift in policing methods and practice, so that the police and different segments of the community work together to solve problems concerning crime, disorder and insecurity (see Box 1). In this way, and through a gender-responsive approach, a relationship between the police and the public is (re)established.The philosophy of community-oriented policing encourages the development of new ways of dealing with community security concerns, particularly to ensure that the needs of women, men, the old and young, minorities, persons with disabilities and other specific-needs groups are systematically addressed. Police personnel (both State and UN) shall be trained in how to tackle gender-based violence towards women and children, both girls and boys, in addition to other hidden social problems such as abuse of the elderly. UN police personnel shall utilize their gender officers and advisers to closely follow up on all aspects related to protections for women and vulnerable groups. They shall include engagement with local communities and civil society organizations, including women\u2019s and youth organizations, to assess the nature and extent of possible abuses and provide immediate assistance and follow-up.The sensitization of communities on how to take preventative action and avoid interpersonal violence increases public confidence in the police and enables them to more effectively address the needs of the most vulnerable. The following steps can be taken to strengthen public confidence in the police: \\n Open access to all police services; \\n The availability of police services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; \\n A highly visible police presence; \\n Extensive public information campaigns; \\n The representation of minority groups and balanced ethnic composition in the police service; \\n The promotion of gender balance in the police service and gender mainstreaming in all police work; \\n The establishment of police stations or temporary advances in localities where security services are not installed. \\n Raising awareness among the police on human rights and rule of law compliant policing in practice.In addition to these steps, community policing forums are useful means to create environments that enable the acceptance of ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and discredited local police personnel back into the community. In both mission and non- mission contexts, UN police personnel can support the development of such local forums and sensitize all concerned parties to the need for reconciliation and trust. Such initiatives offer the opportunity for community members to regularly share matters of concern and encourage mutual understanding. They also provide an opportunity for community members and civil society representatives to regularly evaluate the actions of the police.When fulfilling an executive mandate, UN police personnel shall develop and carry out all appropriate confidence-building measures. When fulfilling a non-executive mandate, UN police personnel shall assist and advise the State police service in their confidence-building initiatives. Where appropriate, UN police personnel can conduct community policing activities and gradually include the State service. This approach can help to ensure that community trust in the State police service is increased over time. This will enable the State police service to take over when the mission withdraws.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":812, "Sentence":"This division should be bridged, and public confidence in the State police service should be (re)built, in order for long-term peace to be sustained.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities division bridged public confidence state police service rebuilt order longterm peace sustained ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.4 Building public confidence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"A division between the State police service and the community may emerge during armed conflict. This division should be bridged, and public confidence in the State police service should be (re)built, in order for long-term peace to be sustained. Community-oriented policing initiatives, as espoused in the United Nations Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, are an effective means of establishing and sustaining long-term community reconciliation processes. 2 They involve a shift in policing methods and practice, so that the police and different segments of the community work together to solve problems concerning crime, disorder and insecurity (see Box 1). In this way, and through a gender-responsive approach, a relationship between the police and the public is (re)established.The philosophy of community-oriented policing encourages the development of new ways of dealing with community security concerns, particularly to ensure that the needs of women, men, the old and young, minorities, persons with disabilities and other specific-needs groups are systematically addressed. Police personnel (both State and UN) shall be trained in how to tackle gender-based violence towards women and children, both girls and boys, in addition to other hidden social problems such as abuse of the elderly. UN police personnel shall utilize their gender officers and advisers to closely follow up on all aspects related to protections for women and vulnerable groups. They shall include engagement with local communities and civil society organizations, including women\u2019s and youth organizations, to assess the nature and extent of possible abuses and provide immediate assistance and follow-up.The sensitization of communities on how to take preventative action and avoid interpersonal violence increases public confidence in the police and enables them to more effectively address the needs of the most vulnerable. The following steps can be taken to strengthen public confidence in the police: \\n Open access to all police services; \\n The availability of police services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; \\n A highly visible police presence; \\n Extensive public information campaigns; \\n The representation of minority groups and balanced ethnic composition in the police service; \\n The promotion of gender balance in the police service and gender mainstreaming in all police work; \\n The establishment of police stations or temporary advances in localities where security services are not installed. \\n Raising awareness among the police on human rights and rule of law compliant policing in practice.In addition to these steps, community policing forums are useful means to create environments that enable the acceptance of ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and discredited local police personnel back into the community. In both mission and non- mission contexts, UN police personnel can support the development of such local forums and sensitize all concerned parties to the need for reconciliation and trust. Such initiatives offer the opportunity for community members to regularly share matters of concern and encourage mutual understanding. They also provide an opportunity for community members and civil society representatives to regularly evaluate the actions of the police.When fulfilling an executive mandate, UN police personnel shall develop and carry out all appropriate confidence-building measures. When fulfilling a non-executive mandate, UN police personnel shall assist and advise the State police service in their confidence-building initiatives. Where appropriate, UN police personnel can conduct community policing activities and gradually include the State service. This approach can help to ensure that community trust in the State police service is increased over time. This will enable the State police service to take over when the mission withdraws.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":812, "Sentence":"Community-oriented policing initiatives, as espoused in the United Nations Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, are an effective means of establishing and sustaining long-term community reconciliation processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities communityoriented policing initiative espoused united nation strategic guidance framework international police peacekeeping effective mean establishing sustaining longterm community reconciliation process ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.4 Building public confidence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"A division between the State police service and the community may emerge during armed conflict. This division should be bridged, and public confidence in the State police service should be (re)built, in order for long-term peace to be sustained. Community-oriented policing initiatives, as espoused in the United Nations Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, are an effective means of establishing and sustaining long-term community reconciliation processes. 2 They involve a shift in policing methods and practice, so that the police and different segments of the community work together to solve problems concerning crime, disorder and insecurity (see Box 1). In this way, and through a gender-responsive approach, a relationship between the police and the public is (re)established.The philosophy of community-oriented policing encourages the development of new ways of dealing with community security concerns, particularly to ensure that the needs of women, men, the old and young, minorities, persons with disabilities and other specific-needs groups are systematically addressed. Police personnel (both State and UN) shall be trained in how to tackle gender-based violence towards women and children, both girls and boys, in addition to other hidden social problems such as abuse of the elderly. UN police personnel shall utilize their gender officers and advisers to closely follow up on all aspects related to protections for women and vulnerable groups. They shall include engagement with local communities and civil society organizations, including women\u2019s and youth organizations, to assess the nature and extent of possible abuses and provide immediate assistance and follow-up.The sensitization of communities on how to take preventative action and avoid interpersonal violence increases public confidence in the police and enables them to more effectively address the needs of the most vulnerable. The following steps can be taken to strengthen public confidence in the police: \\n Open access to all police services; \\n The availability of police services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; \\n A highly visible police presence; \\n Extensive public information campaigns; \\n The representation of minority groups and balanced ethnic composition in the police service; \\n The promotion of gender balance in the police service and gender mainstreaming in all police work; \\n The establishment of police stations or temporary advances in localities where security services are not installed. \\n Raising awareness among the police on human rights and rule of law compliant policing in practice.In addition to these steps, community policing forums are useful means to create environments that enable the acceptance of ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and discredited local police personnel back into the community. In both mission and non- mission contexts, UN police personnel can support the development of such local forums and sensitize all concerned parties to the need for reconciliation and trust. Such initiatives offer the opportunity for community members to regularly share matters of concern and encourage mutual understanding. They also provide an opportunity for community members and civil society representatives to regularly evaluate the actions of the police.When fulfilling an executive mandate, UN police personnel shall develop and carry out all appropriate confidence-building measures. When fulfilling a non-executive mandate, UN police personnel shall assist and advise the State police service in their confidence-building initiatives. Where appropriate, UN police personnel can conduct community policing activities and gradually include the State service. This approach can help to ensure that community trust in the State police service is increased over time. This will enable the State police service to take over when the mission withdraws.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":812, "Sentence":"2 They involve a shift in policing methods and practice, so that the police and different segments of the community work together to solve problems concerning crime, disorder and insecurity (see Box 1).", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities 2 involve shift policing method practice police different segment community work together solve problem concerning crime disorder insecurity see box 1 ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.4 Building public confidence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"A division between the State police service and the community may emerge during armed conflict. This division should be bridged, and public confidence in the State police service should be (re)built, in order for long-term peace to be sustained. Community-oriented policing initiatives, as espoused in the United Nations Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, are an effective means of establishing and sustaining long-term community reconciliation processes. 2 They involve a shift in policing methods and practice, so that the police and different segments of the community work together to solve problems concerning crime, disorder and insecurity (see Box 1). In this way, and through a gender-responsive approach, a relationship between the police and the public is (re)established.The philosophy of community-oriented policing encourages the development of new ways of dealing with community security concerns, particularly to ensure that the needs of women, men, the old and young, minorities, persons with disabilities and other specific-needs groups are systematically addressed. Police personnel (both State and UN) shall be trained in how to tackle gender-based violence towards women and children, both girls and boys, in addition to other hidden social problems such as abuse of the elderly. UN police personnel shall utilize their gender officers and advisers to closely follow up on all aspects related to protections for women and vulnerable groups. They shall include engagement with local communities and civil society organizations, including women\u2019s and youth organizations, to assess the nature and extent of possible abuses and provide immediate assistance and follow-up.The sensitization of communities on how to take preventative action and avoid interpersonal violence increases public confidence in the police and enables them to more effectively address the needs of the most vulnerable. The following steps can be taken to strengthen public confidence in the police: \\n Open access to all police services; \\n The availability of police services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; \\n A highly visible police presence; \\n Extensive public information campaigns; \\n The representation of minority groups and balanced ethnic composition in the police service; \\n The promotion of gender balance in the police service and gender mainstreaming in all police work; \\n The establishment of police stations or temporary advances in localities where security services are not installed. \\n Raising awareness among the police on human rights and rule of law compliant policing in practice.In addition to these steps, community policing forums are useful means to create environments that enable the acceptance of ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and discredited local police personnel back into the community. In both mission and non- mission contexts, UN police personnel can support the development of such local forums and sensitize all concerned parties to the need for reconciliation and trust. Such initiatives offer the opportunity for community members to regularly share matters of concern and encourage mutual understanding. They also provide an opportunity for community members and civil society representatives to regularly evaluate the actions of the police.When fulfilling an executive mandate, UN police personnel shall develop and carry out all appropriate confidence-building measures. When fulfilling a non-executive mandate, UN police personnel shall assist and advise the State police service in their confidence-building initiatives. Where appropriate, UN police personnel can conduct community policing activities and gradually include the State service. This approach can help to ensure that community trust in the State police service is increased over time. This will enable the State police service to take over when the mission withdraws.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":812, "Sentence":"In this way, and through a gender-responsive approach, a relationship between the police and the public is (re)established.The philosophy of community-oriented policing encourages the development of new ways of dealing with community security concerns, particularly to ensure that the needs of women, men, the old and young, minorities, persons with disabilities and other specific-needs groups are systematically addressed.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities way genderresponsive approach relationship police public reestablished.the philosophy communityoriented policing encourages development new way dealing community security concern particularly ensure need woman men old young minority person disability specificneeds group systematically addressed ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.4 Building public confidence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"A division between the State police service and the community may emerge during armed conflict. This division should be bridged, and public confidence in the State police service should be (re)built, in order for long-term peace to be sustained. Community-oriented policing initiatives, as espoused in the United Nations Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, are an effective means of establishing and sustaining long-term community reconciliation processes. 2 They involve a shift in policing methods and practice, so that the police and different segments of the community work together to solve problems concerning crime, disorder and insecurity (see Box 1). In this way, and through a gender-responsive approach, a relationship between the police and the public is (re)established.The philosophy of community-oriented policing encourages the development of new ways of dealing with community security concerns, particularly to ensure that the needs of women, men, the old and young, minorities, persons with disabilities and other specific-needs groups are systematically addressed. Police personnel (both State and UN) shall be trained in how to tackle gender-based violence towards women and children, both girls and boys, in addition to other hidden social problems such as abuse of the elderly. UN police personnel shall utilize their gender officers and advisers to closely follow up on all aspects related to protections for women and vulnerable groups. They shall include engagement with local communities and civil society organizations, including women\u2019s and youth organizations, to assess the nature and extent of possible abuses and provide immediate assistance and follow-up.The sensitization of communities on how to take preventative action and avoid interpersonal violence increases public confidence in the police and enables them to more effectively address the needs of the most vulnerable. The following steps can be taken to strengthen public confidence in the police: \\n Open access to all police services; \\n The availability of police services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; \\n A highly visible police presence; \\n Extensive public information campaigns; \\n The representation of minority groups and balanced ethnic composition in the police service; \\n The promotion of gender balance in the police service and gender mainstreaming in all police work; \\n The establishment of police stations or temporary advances in localities where security services are not installed. \\n Raising awareness among the police on human rights and rule of law compliant policing in practice.In addition to these steps, community policing forums are useful means to create environments that enable the acceptance of ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and discredited local police personnel back into the community. In both mission and non- mission contexts, UN police personnel can support the development of such local forums and sensitize all concerned parties to the need for reconciliation and trust. Such initiatives offer the opportunity for community members to regularly share matters of concern and encourage mutual understanding. They also provide an opportunity for community members and civil society representatives to regularly evaluate the actions of the police.When fulfilling an executive mandate, UN police personnel shall develop and carry out all appropriate confidence-building measures. When fulfilling a non-executive mandate, UN police personnel shall assist and advise the State police service in their confidence-building initiatives. Where appropriate, UN police personnel can conduct community policing activities and gradually include the State service. This approach can help to ensure that community trust in the State police service is increased over time. This will enable the State police service to take over when the mission withdraws.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":812, "Sentence":"Police personnel (both State and UN) shall be trained in how to tackle gender-based violence towards women and children, both girls and boys, in addition to other hidden social problems such as abuse of the elderly.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities police personnel state un shall trained tackle genderbased violence towards woman child girl boy addition hidden social problem abuse elderly ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.4 Building public confidence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"A division between the State police service and the community may emerge during armed conflict. This division should be bridged, and public confidence in the State police service should be (re)built, in order for long-term peace to be sustained. Community-oriented policing initiatives, as espoused in the United Nations Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, are an effective means of establishing and sustaining long-term community reconciliation processes. 2 They involve a shift in policing methods and practice, so that the police and different segments of the community work together to solve problems concerning crime, disorder and insecurity (see Box 1). In this way, and through a gender-responsive approach, a relationship between the police and the public is (re)established.The philosophy of community-oriented policing encourages the development of new ways of dealing with community security concerns, particularly to ensure that the needs of women, men, the old and young, minorities, persons with disabilities and other specific-needs groups are systematically addressed. Police personnel (both State and UN) shall be trained in how to tackle gender-based violence towards women and children, both girls and boys, in addition to other hidden social problems such as abuse of the elderly. UN police personnel shall utilize their gender officers and advisers to closely follow up on all aspects related to protections for women and vulnerable groups. They shall include engagement with local communities and civil society organizations, including women\u2019s and youth organizations, to assess the nature and extent of possible abuses and provide immediate assistance and follow-up.The sensitization of communities on how to take preventative action and avoid interpersonal violence increases public confidence in the police and enables them to more effectively address the needs of the most vulnerable. The following steps can be taken to strengthen public confidence in the police: \\n Open access to all police services; \\n The availability of police services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; \\n A highly visible police presence; \\n Extensive public information campaigns; \\n The representation of minority groups and balanced ethnic composition in the police service; \\n The promotion of gender balance in the police service and gender mainstreaming in all police work; \\n The establishment of police stations or temporary advances in localities where security services are not installed. \\n Raising awareness among the police on human rights and rule of law compliant policing in practice.In addition to these steps, community policing forums are useful means to create environments that enable the acceptance of ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and discredited local police personnel back into the community. In both mission and non- mission contexts, UN police personnel can support the development of such local forums and sensitize all concerned parties to the need for reconciliation and trust. Such initiatives offer the opportunity for community members to regularly share matters of concern and encourage mutual understanding. They also provide an opportunity for community members and civil society representatives to regularly evaluate the actions of the police.When fulfilling an executive mandate, UN police personnel shall develop and carry out all appropriate confidence-building measures. When fulfilling a non-executive mandate, UN police personnel shall assist and advise the State police service in their confidence-building initiatives. Where appropriate, UN police personnel can conduct community policing activities and gradually include the State service. This approach can help to ensure that community trust in the State police service is increased over time. This will enable the State police service to take over when the mission withdraws.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":812, "Sentence":"UN police personnel shall utilize their gender officers and advisers to closely follow up on all aspects related to protections for women and vulnerable groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities un police personnel shall utilize gender officer adviser closely follow aspect related protection woman vulnerable group ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.4 Building public confidence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"A division between the State police service and the community may emerge during armed conflict. This division should be bridged, and public confidence in the State police service should be (re)built, in order for long-term peace to be sustained. Community-oriented policing initiatives, as espoused in the United Nations Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, are an effective means of establishing and sustaining long-term community reconciliation processes. 2 They involve a shift in policing methods and practice, so that the police and different segments of the community work together to solve problems concerning crime, disorder and insecurity (see Box 1). In this way, and through a gender-responsive approach, a relationship between the police and the public is (re)established.The philosophy of community-oriented policing encourages the development of new ways of dealing with community security concerns, particularly to ensure that the needs of women, men, the old and young, minorities, persons with disabilities and other specific-needs groups are systematically addressed. Police personnel (both State and UN) shall be trained in how to tackle gender-based violence towards women and children, both girls and boys, in addition to other hidden social problems such as abuse of the elderly. UN police personnel shall utilize their gender officers and advisers to closely follow up on all aspects related to protections for women and vulnerable groups. They shall include engagement with local communities and civil society organizations, including women\u2019s and youth organizations, to assess the nature and extent of possible abuses and provide immediate assistance and follow-up.The sensitization of communities on how to take preventative action and avoid interpersonal violence increases public confidence in the police and enables them to more effectively address the needs of the most vulnerable. The following steps can be taken to strengthen public confidence in the police: \\n Open access to all police services; \\n The availability of police services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; \\n A highly visible police presence; \\n Extensive public information campaigns; \\n The representation of minority groups and balanced ethnic composition in the police service; \\n The promotion of gender balance in the police service and gender mainstreaming in all police work; \\n The establishment of police stations or temporary advances in localities where security services are not installed. \\n Raising awareness among the police on human rights and rule of law compliant policing in practice.In addition to these steps, community policing forums are useful means to create environments that enable the acceptance of ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and discredited local police personnel back into the community. In both mission and non- mission contexts, UN police personnel can support the development of such local forums and sensitize all concerned parties to the need for reconciliation and trust. Such initiatives offer the opportunity for community members to regularly share matters of concern and encourage mutual understanding. They also provide an opportunity for community members and civil society representatives to regularly evaluate the actions of the police.When fulfilling an executive mandate, UN police personnel shall develop and carry out all appropriate confidence-building measures. When fulfilling a non-executive mandate, UN police personnel shall assist and advise the State police service in their confidence-building initiatives. Where appropriate, UN police personnel can conduct community policing activities and gradually include the State service. This approach can help to ensure that community trust in the State police service is increased over time. This will enable the State police service to take over when the mission withdraws.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":812, "Sentence":"They shall include engagement with local communities and civil society organizations, including women\u2019s and youth organizations, to assess the nature and extent of possible abuses and provide immediate assistance and follow-up.The sensitization of communities on how to take preventative action and avoid interpersonal violence increases public confidence in the police and enables them to more effectively address the needs of the most vulnerable.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities shall include engagement local community civil society organization including woman \u2019 youth organization ass nature extent possible abuse provide immediate assistance followup.the sensitization community take preventative action avoid interpersonal violence increase public confidence police enables effectively address need vulnerable ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.4 Building public confidence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"A division between the State police service and the community may emerge during armed conflict. This division should be bridged, and public confidence in the State police service should be (re)built, in order for long-term peace to be sustained. Community-oriented policing initiatives, as espoused in the United Nations Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, are an effective means of establishing and sustaining long-term community reconciliation processes. 2 They involve a shift in policing methods and practice, so that the police and different segments of the community work together to solve problems concerning crime, disorder and insecurity (see Box 1). In this way, and through a gender-responsive approach, a relationship between the police and the public is (re)established.The philosophy of community-oriented policing encourages the development of new ways of dealing with community security concerns, particularly to ensure that the needs of women, men, the old and young, minorities, persons with disabilities and other specific-needs groups are systematically addressed. Police personnel (both State and UN) shall be trained in how to tackle gender-based violence towards women and children, both girls and boys, in addition to other hidden social problems such as abuse of the elderly. UN police personnel shall utilize their gender officers and advisers to closely follow up on all aspects related to protections for women and vulnerable groups. They shall include engagement with local communities and civil society organizations, including women\u2019s and youth organizations, to assess the nature and extent of possible abuses and provide immediate assistance and follow-up.The sensitization of communities on how to take preventative action and avoid interpersonal violence increases public confidence in the police and enables them to more effectively address the needs of the most vulnerable. The following steps can be taken to strengthen public confidence in the police: \\n Open access to all police services; \\n The availability of police services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; \\n A highly visible police presence; \\n Extensive public information campaigns; \\n The representation of minority groups and balanced ethnic composition in the police service; \\n The promotion of gender balance in the police service and gender mainstreaming in all police work; \\n The establishment of police stations or temporary advances in localities where security services are not installed. \\n Raising awareness among the police on human rights and rule of law compliant policing in practice.In addition to these steps, community policing forums are useful means to create environments that enable the acceptance of ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and discredited local police personnel back into the community. In both mission and non- mission contexts, UN police personnel can support the development of such local forums and sensitize all concerned parties to the need for reconciliation and trust. Such initiatives offer the opportunity for community members to regularly share matters of concern and encourage mutual understanding. They also provide an opportunity for community members and civil society representatives to regularly evaluate the actions of the police.When fulfilling an executive mandate, UN police personnel shall develop and carry out all appropriate confidence-building measures. When fulfilling a non-executive mandate, UN police personnel shall assist and advise the State police service in their confidence-building initiatives. Where appropriate, UN police personnel can conduct community policing activities and gradually include the State service. This approach can help to ensure that community trust in the State police service is increased over time. This will enable the State police service to take over when the mission withdraws.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":812, "Sentence":"The following steps can be taken to strengthen public confidence in the police: \\n Open access to all police services; \\n The availability of police services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; \\n A highly visible police presence; \\n Extensive public information campaigns; \\n The representation of minority groups and balanced ethnic composition in the police service; \\n The promotion of gender balance in the police service and gender mainstreaming in all police work; \\n The establishment of police stations or temporary advances in localities where security services are not installed.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities following step taken strengthen public confidence police n open access police service n availability police service 24 hour day 7 day week n highly visible police presence n extensive public information campaign n representation minority group balanced ethnic composition police service n promotion gender balance police service gender mainstreaming police work n establishment police station temporary advance locality security service installed ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.4 Building public confidence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"A division between the State police service and the community may emerge during armed conflict. This division should be bridged, and public confidence in the State police service should be (re)built, in order for long-term peace to be sustained. Community-oriented policing initiatives, as espoused in the United Nations Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, are an effective means of establishing and sustaining long-term community reconciliation processes. 2 They involve a shift in policing methods and practice, so that the police and different segments of the community work together to solve problems concerning crime, disorder and insecurity (see Box 1). In this way, and through a gender-responsive approach, a relationship between the police and the public is (re)established.The philosophy of community-oriented policing encourages the development of new ways of dealing with community security concerns, particularly to ensure that the needs of women, men, the old and young, minorities, persons with disabilities and other specific-needs groups are systematically addressed. Police personnel (both State and UN) shall be trained in how to tackle gender-based violence towards women and children, both girls and boys, in addition to other hidden social problems such as abuse of the elderly. UN police personnel shall utilize their gender officers and advisers to closely follow up on all aspects related to protections for women and vulnerable groups. They shall include engagement with local communities and civil society organizations, including women\u2019s and youth organizations, to assess the nature and extent of possible abuses and provide immediate assistance and follow-up.The sensitization of communities on how to take preventative action and avoid interpersonal violence increases public confidence in the police and enables them to more effectively address the needs of the most vulnerable. The following steps can be taken to strengthen public confidence in the police: \\n Open access to all police services; \\n The availability of police services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; \\n A highly visible police presence; \\n Extensive public information campaigns; \\n The representation of minority groups and balanced ethnic composition in the police service; \\n The promotion of gender balance in the police service and gender mainstreaming in all police work; \\n The establishment of police stations or temporary advances in localities where security services are not installed. \\n Raising awareness among the police on human rights and rule of law compliant policing in practice.In addition to these steps, community policing forums are useful means to create environments that enable the acceptance of ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and discredited local police personnel back into the community. In both mission and non- mission contexts, UN police personnel can support the development of such local forums and sensitize all concerned parties to the need for reconciliation and trust. Such initiatives offer the opportunity for community members to regularly share matters of concern and encourage mutual understanding. They also provide an opportunity for community members and civil society representatives to regularly evaluate the actions of the police.When fulfilling an executive mandate, UN police personnel shall develop and carry out all appropriate confidence-building measures. When fulfilling a non-executive mandate, UN police personnel shall assist and advise the State police service in their confidence-building initiatives. Where appropriate, UN police personnel can conduct community policing activities and gradually include the State service. This approach can help to ensure that community trust in the State police service is increased over time. This will enable the State police service to take over when the mission withdraws.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":812, "Sentence":"\\n Raising awareness among the police on human rights and rule of law compliant policing in practice.In addition to these steps, community policing forums are useful means to create environments that enable the acceptance of ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and discredited local police personnel back into the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities n raising awareness among police human right rule law compliant policing practice.in addition step community policing forum useful mean create environment enable acceptance excombatants person formerly associated armed force group discredited local police personnel back community ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.4 Building public confidence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"A division between the State police service and the community may emerge during armed conflict. This division should be bridged, and public confidence in the State police service should be (re)built, in order for long-term peace to be sustained. Community-oriented policing initiatives, as espoused in the United Nations Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, are an effective means of establishing and sustaining long-term community reconciliation processes. 2 They involve a shift in policing methods and practice, so that the police and different segments of the community work together to solve problems concerning crime, disorder and insecurity (see Box 1). In this way, and through a gender-responsive approach, a relationship between the police and the public is (re)established.The philosophy of community-oriented policing encourages the development of new ways of dealing with community security concerns, particularly to ensure that the needs of women, men, the old and young, minorities, persons with disabilities and other specific-needs groups are systematically addressed. Police personnel (both State and UN) shall be trained in how to tackle gender-based violence towards women and children, both girls and boys, in addition to other hidden social problems such as abuse of the elderly. UN police personnel shall utilize their gender officers and advisers to closely follow up on all aspects related to protections for women and vulnerable groups. They shall include engagement with local communities and civil society organizations, including women\u2019s and youth organizations, to assess the nature and extent of possible abuses and provide immediate assistance and follow-up.The sensitization of communities on how to take preventative action and avoid interpersonal violence increases public confidence in the police and enables them to more effectively address the needs of the most vulnerable. The following steps can be taken to strengthen public confidence in the police: \\n Open access to all police services; \\n The availability of police services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; \\n A highly visible police presence; \\n Extensive public information campaigns; \\n The representation of minority groups and balanced ethnic composition in the police service; \\n The promotion of gender balance in the police service and gender mainstreaming in all police work; \\n The establishment of police stations or temporary advances in localities where security services are not installed. \\n Raising awareness among the police on human rights and rule of law compliant policing in practice.In addition to these steps, community policing forums are useful means to create environments that enable the acceptance of ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and discredited local police personnel back into the community. In both mission and non- mission contexts, UN police personnel can support the development of such local forums and sensitize all concerned parties to the need for reconciliation and trust. Such initiatives offer the opportunity for community members to regularly share matters of concern and encourage mutual understanding. They also provide an opportunity for community members and civil society representatives to regularly evaluate the actions of the police.When fulfilling an executive mandate, UN police personnel shall develop and carry out all appropriate confidence-building measures. When fulfilling a non-executive mandate, UN police personnel shall assist and advise the State police service in their confidence-building initiatives. Where appropriate, UN police personnel can conduct community policing activities and gradually include the State service. This approach can help to ensure that community trust in the State police service is increased over time. This will enable the State police service to take over when the mission withdraws.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":812, "Sentence":"In both mission and non- mission contexts, UN police personnel can support the development of such local forums and sensitize all concerned parties to the need for reconciliation and trust.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities mission non mission context un police personnel support development local forum sensitize concerned party need reconciliation trust ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.4 Building public confidence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"A division between the State police service and the community may emerge during armed conflict. This division should be bridged, and public confidence in the State police service should be (re)built, in order for long-term peace to be sustained. Community-oriented policing initiatives, as espoused in the United Nations Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, are an effective means of establishing and sustaining long-term community reconciliation processes. 2 They involve a shift in policing methods and practice, so that the police and different segments of the community work together to solve problems concerning crime, disorder and insecurity (see Box 1). In this way, and through a gender-responsive approach, a relationship between the police and the public is (re)established.The philosophy of community-oriented policing encourages the development of new ways of dealing with community security concerns, particularly to ensure that the needs of women, men, the old and young, minorities, persons with disabilities and other specific-needs groups are systematically addressed. Police personnel (both State and UN) shall be trained in how to tackle gender-based violence towards women and children, both girls and boys, in addition to other hidden social problems such as abuse of the elderly. UN police personnel shall utilize their gender officers and advisers to closely follow up on all aspects related to protections for women and vulnerable groups. They shall include engagement with local communities and civil society organizations, including women\u2019s and youth organizations, to assess the nature and extent of possible abuses and provide immediate assistance and follow-up.The sensitization of communities on how to take preventative action and avoid interpersonal violence increases public confidence in the police and enables them to more effectively address the needs of the most vulnerable. The following steps can be taken to strengthen public confidence in the police: \\n Open access to all police services; \\n The availability of police services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; \\n A highly visible police presence; \\n Extensive public information campaigns; \\n The representation of minority groups and balanced ethnic composition in the police service; \\n The promotion of gender balance in the police service and gender mainstreaming in all police work; \\n The establishment of police stations or temporary advances in localities where security services are not installed. \\n Raising awareness among the police on human rights and rule of law compliant policing in practice.In addition to these steps, community policing forums are useful means to create environments that enable the acceptance of ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and discredited local police personnel back into the community. In both mission and non- mission contexts, UN police personnel can support the development of such local forums and sensitize all concerned parties to the need for reconciliation and trust. Such initiatives offer the opportunity for community members to regularly share matters of concern and encourage mutual understanding. They also provide an opportunity for community members and civil society representatives to regularly evaluate the actions of the police.When fulfilling an executive mandate, UN police personnel shall develop and carry out all appropriate confidence-building measures. When fulfilling a non-executive mandate, UN police personnel shall assist and advise the State police service in their confidence-building initiatives. Where appropriate, UN police personnel can conduct community policing activities and gradually include the State service. This approach can help to ensure that community trust in the State police service is increased over time. This will enable the State police service to take over when the mission withdraws.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":812, "Sentence":"Such initiatives offer the opportunity for community members to regularly share matters of concern and encourage mutual understanding.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities initiative offer opportunity community member regularly share matter concern encourage mutual understanding ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.4 Building public confidence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"A division between the State police service and the community may emerge during armed conflict. This division should be bridged, and public confidence in the State police service should be (re)built, in order for long-term peace to be sustained. Community-oriented policing initiatives, as espoused in the United Nations Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, are an effective means of establishing and sustaining long-term community reconciliation processes. 2 They involve a shift in policing methods and practice, so that the police and different segments of the community work together to solve problems concerning crime, disorder and insecurity (see Box 1). In this way, and through a gender-responsive approach, a relationship between the police and the public is (re)established.The philosophy of community-oriented policing encourages the development of new ways of dealing with community security concerns, particularly to ensure that the needs of women, men, the old and young, minorities, persons with disabilities and other specific-needs groups are systematically addressed. Police personnel (both State and UN) shall be trained in how to tackle gender-based violence towards women and children, both girls and boys, in addition to other hidden social problems such as abuse of the elderly. UN police personnel shall utilize their gender officers and advisers to closely follow up on all aspects related to protections for women and vulnerable groups. They shall include engagement with local communities and civil society organizations, including women\u2019s and youth organizations, to assess the nature and extent of possible abuses and provide immediate assistance and follow-up.The sensitization of communities on how to take preventative action and avoid interpersonal violence increases public confidence in the police and enables them to more effectively address the needs of the most vulnerable. The following steps can be taken to strengthen public confidence in the police: \\n Open access to all police services; \\n The availability of police services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; \\n A highly visible police presence; \\n Extensive public information campaigns; \\n The representation of minority groups and balanced ethnic composition in the police service; \\n The promotion of gender balance in the police service and gender mainstreaming in all police work; \\n The establishment of police stations or temporary advances in localities where security services are not installed. \\n Raising awareness among the police on human rights and rule of law compliant policing in practice.In addition to these steps, community policing forums are useful means to create environments that enable the acceptance of ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and discredited local police personnel back into the community. In both mission and non- mission contexts, UN police personnel can support the development of such local forums and sensitize all concerned parties to the need for reconciliation and trust. Such initiatives offer the opportunity for community members to regularly share matters of concern and encourage mutual understanding. They also provide an opportunity for community members and civil society representatives to regularly evaluate the actions of the police.When fulfilling an executive mandate, UN police personnel shall develop and carry out all appropriate confidence-building measures. When fulfilling a non-executive mandate, UN police personnel shall assist and advise the State police service in their confidence-building initiatives. Where appropriate, UN police personnel can conduct community policing activities and gradually include the State service. This approach can help to ensure that community trust in the State police service is increased over time. This will enable the State police service to take over when the mission withdraws.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":812, "Sentence":"They also provide an opportunity for community members and civil society representatives to regularly evaluate the actions of the police.When fulfilling an executive mandate, UN police personnel shall develop and carry out all appropriate confidence-building measures.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities also provide opportunity community member civil society representative regularly evaluate action police.when fulfilling executive mandate un police personnel shall develop carry appropriate confidencebuilding measure ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.4 Building public confidence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"A division between the State police service and the community may emerge during armed conflict. This division should be bridged, and public confidence in the State police service should be (re)built, in order for long-term peace to be sustained. Community-oriented policing initiatives, as espoused in the United Nations Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, are an effective means of establishing and sustaining long-term community reconciliation processes. 2 They involve a shift in policing methods and practice, so that the police and different segments of the community work together to solve problems concerning crime, disorder and insecurity (see Box 1). In this way, and through a gender-responsive approach, a relationship between the police and the public is (re)established.The philosophy of community-oriented policing encourages the development of new ways of dealing with community security concerns, particularly to ensure that the needs of women, men, the old and young, minorities, persons with disabilities and other specific-needs groups are systematically addressed. Police personnel (both State and UN) shall be trained in how to tackle gender-based violence towards women and children, both girls and boys, in addition to other hidden social problems such as abuse of the elderly. UN police personnel shall utilize their gender officers and advisers to closely follow up on all aspects related to protections for women and vulnerable groups. They shall include engagement with local communities and civil society organizations, including women\u2019s and youth organizations, to assess the nature and extent of possible abuses and provide immediate assistance and follow-up.The sensitization of communities on how to take preventative action and avoid interpersonal violence increases public confidence in the police and enables them to more effectively address the needs of the most vulnerable. The following steps can be taken to strengthen public confidence in the police: \\n Open access to all police services; \\n The availability of police services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; \\n A highly visible police presence; \\n Extensive public information campaigns; \\n The representation of minority groups and balanced ethnic composition in the police service; \\n The promotion of gender balance in the police service and gender mainstreaming in all police work; \\n The establishment of police stations or temporary advances in localities where security services are not installed. \\n Raising awareness among the police on human rights and rule of law compliant policing in practice.In addition to these steps, community policing forums are useful means to create environments that enable the acceptance of ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and discredited local police personnel back into the community. In both mission and non- mission contexts, UN police personnel can support the development of such local forums and sensitize all concerned parties to the need for reconciliation and trust. Such initiatives offer the opportunity for community members to regularly share matters of concern and encourage mutual understanding. They also provide an opportunity for community members and civil society representatives to regularly evaluate the actions of the police.When fulfilling an executive mandate, UN police personnel shall develop and carry out all appropriate confidence-building measures. When fulfilling a non-executive mandate, UN police personnel shall assist and advise the State police service in their confidence-building initiatives. Where appropriate, UN police personnel can conduct community policing activities and gradually include the State service. This approach can help to ensure that community trust in the State police service is increased over time. This will enable the State police service to take over when the mission withdraws.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":812, "Sentence":"When fulfilling a non-executive mandate, UN police personnel shall assist and advise the State police service in their confidence-building initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities fulfilling nonexecutive mandate un police personnel shall assist advise state police service confidencebuilding initiative ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.4 Building public confidence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"A division between the State police service and the community may emerge during armed conflict. This division should be bridged, and public confidence in the State police service should be (re)built, in order for long-term peace to be sustained. Community-oriented policing initiatives, as espoused in the United Nations Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, are an effective means of establishing and sustaining long-term community reconciliation processes. 2 They involve a shift in policing methods and practice, so that the police and different segments of the community work together to solve problems concerning crime, disorder and insecurity (see Box 1). In this way, and through a gender-responsive approach, a relationship between the police and the public is (re)established.The philosophy of community-oriented policing encourages the development of new ways of dealing with community security concerns, particularly to ensure that the needs of women, men, the old and young, minorities, persons with disabilities and other specific-needs groups are systematically addressed. Police personnel (both State and UN) shall be trained in how to tackle gender-based violence towards women and children, both girls and boys, in addition to other hidden social problems such as abuse of the elderly. UN police personnel shall utilize their gender officers and advisers to closely follow up on all aspects related to protections for women and vulnerable groups. They shall include engagement with local communities and civil society organizations, including women\u2019s and youth organizations, to assess the nature and extent of possible abuses and provide immediate assistance and follow-up.The sensitization of communities on how to take preventative action and avoid interpersonal violence increases public confidence in the police and enables them to more effectively address the needs of the most vulnerable. The following steps can be taken to strengthen public confidence in the police: \\n Open access to all police services; \\n The availability of police services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; \\n A highly visible police presence; \\n Extensive public information campaigns; \\n The representation of minority groups and balanced ethnic composition in the police service; \\n The promotion of gender balance in the police service and gender mainstreaming in all police work; \\n The establishment of police stations or temporary advances in localities where security services are not installed. \\n Raising awareness among the police on human rights and rule of law compliant policing in practice.In addition to these steps, community policing forums are useful means to create environments that enable the acceptance of ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and discredited local police personnel back into the community. In both mission and non- mission contexts, UN police personnel can support the development of such local forums and sensitize all concerned parties to the need for reconciliation and trust. Such initiatives offer the opportunity for community members to regularly share matters of concern and encourage mutual understanding. They also provide an opportunity for community members and civil society representatives to regularly evaluate the actions of the police.When fulfilling an executive mandate, UN police personnel shall develop and carry out all appropriate confidence-building measures. When fulfilling a non-executive mandate, UN police personnel shall assist and advise the State police service in their confidence-building initiatives. Where appropriate, UN police personnel can conduct community policing activities and gradually include the State service. This approach can help to ensure that community trust in the State police service is increased over time. This will enable the State police service to take over when the mission withdraws.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":812, "Sentence":"Where appropriate, UN police personnel can conduct community policing activities and gradually include the State service.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities appropriate un police personnel conduct community policing activity gradually include state service ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.4 Building public confidence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"A division between the State police service and the community may emerge during armed conflict. This division should be bridged, and public confidence in the State police service should be (re)built, in order for long-term peace to be sustained. Community-oriented policing initiatives, as espoused in the United Nations Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, are an effective means of establishing and sustaining long-term community reconciliation processes. 2 They involve a shift in policing methods and practice, so that the police and different segments of the community work together to solve problems concerning crime, disorder and insecurity (see Box 1). In this way, and through a gender-responsive approach, a relationship between the police and the public is (re)established.The philosophy of community-oriented policing encourages the development of new ways of dealing with community security concerns, particularly to ensure that the needs of women, men, the old and young, minorities, persons with disabilities and other specific-needs groups are systematically addressed. Police personnel (both State and UN) shall be trained in how to tackle gender-based violence towards women and children, both girls and boys, in addition to other hidden social problems such as abuse of the elderly. UN police personnel shall utilize their gender officers and advisers to closely follow up on all aspects related to protections for women and vulnerable groups. They shall include engagement with local communities and civil society organizations, including women\u2019s and youth organizations, to assess the nature and extent of possible abuses and provide immediate assistance and follow-up.The sensitization of communities on how to take preventative action and avoid interpersonal violence increases public confidence in the police and enables them to more effectively address the needs of the most vulnerable. The following steps can be taken to strengthen public confidence in the police: \\n Open access to all police services; \\n The availability of police services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; \\n A highly visible police presence; \\n Extensive public information campaigns; \\n The representation of minority groups and balanced ethnic composition in the police service; \\n The promotion of gender balance in the police service and gender mainstreaming in all police work; \\n The establishment of police stations or temporary advances in localities where security services are not installed. \\n Raising awareness among the police on human rights and rule of law compliant policing in practice.In addition to these steps, community policing forums are useful means to create environments that enable the acceptance of ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and discredited local police personnel back into the community. In both mission and non- mission contexts, UN police personnel can support the development of such local forums and sensitize all concerned parties to the need for reconciliation and trust. Such initiatives offer the opportunity for community members to regularly share matters of concern and encourage mutual understanding. They also provide an opportunity for community members and civil society representatives to regularly evaluate the actions of the police.When fulfilling an executive mandate, UN police personnel shall develop and carry out all appropriate confidence-building measures. When fulfilling a non-executive mandate, UN police personnel shall assist and advise the State police service in their confidence-building initiatives. Where appropriate, UN police personnel can conduct community policing activities and gradually include the State service. This approach can help to ensure that community trust in the State police service is increased over time. This will enable the State police service to take over when the mission withdraws.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":812, "Sentence":"This approach can help to ensure that community trust in the State police service is increased over time.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities approach help ensure community trust state police service increased time ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"6. DDR processes and policing \u2013 general tasks", "Heading2":"6.4 Building public confidence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"A division between the State police service and the community may emerge during armed conflict. This division should be bridged, and public confidence in the State police service should be (re)built, in order for long-term peace to be sustained. Community-oriented policing initiatives, as espoused in the United Nations Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping, are an effective means of establishing and sustaining long-term community reconciliation processes. 2 They involve a shift in policing methods and practice, so that the police and different segments of the community work together to solve problems concerning crime, disorder and insecurity (see Box 1). In this way, and through a gender-responsive approach, a relationship between the police and the public is (re)established.The philosophy of community-oriented policing encourages the development of new ways of dealing with community security concerns, particularly to ensure that the needs of women, men, the old and young, minorities, persons with disabilities and other specific-needs groups are systematically addressed. Police personnel (both State and UN) shall be trained in how to tackle gender-based violence towards women and children, both girls and boys, in addition to other hidden social problems such as abuse of the elderly. UN police personnel shall utilize their gender officers and advisers to closely follow up on all aspects related to protections for women and vulnerable groups. They shall include engagement with local communities and civil society organizations, including women\u2019s and youth organizations, to assess the nature and extent of possible abuses and provide immediate assistance and follow-up.The sensitization of communities on how to take preventative action and avoid interpersonal violence increases public confidence in the police and enables them to more effectively address the needs of the most vulnerable. The following steps can be taken to strengthen public confidence in the police: \\n Open access to all police services; \\n The availability of police services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; \\n A highly visible police presence; \\n Extensive public information campaigns; \\n The representation of minority groups and balanced ethnic composition in the police service; \\n The promotion of gender balance in the police service and gender mainstreaming in all police work; \\n The establishment of police stations or temporary advances in localities where security services are not installed. \\n Raising awareness among the police on human rights and rule of law compliant policing in practice.In addition to these steps, community policing forums are useful means to create environments that enable the acceptance of ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and discredited local police personnel back into the community. In both mission and non- mission contexts, UN police personnel can support the development of such local forums and sensitize all concerned parties to the need for reconciliation and trust. Such initiatives offer the opportunity for community members to regularly share matters of concern and encourage mutual understanding. They also provide an opportunity for community members and civil society representatives to regularly evaluate the actions of the police.When fulfilling an executive mandate, UN police personnel shall develop and carry out all appropriate confidence-building measures. When fulfilling a non-executive mandate, UN police personnel shall assist and advise the State police service in their confidence-building initiatives. Where appropriate, UN police personnel can conduct community policing activities and gradually include the State service. This approach can help to ensure that community trust in the State police service is increased over time. This will enable the State police service to take over when the mission withdraws.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":812, "Sentence":"This will enable the State police service to take over when the mission withdraws.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities enable state police service take mission withdraws ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. In addition to the general tasks outlined above, UN police personnel may also perform more specific tasks that are linked to the particular DDR process in place. These tasks may be implemented in both mission and non-mission settings, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, and are outlined below:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":813, "Sentence":"As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities outlined iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr integrated ddr process made various combination ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. In addition to the general tasks outlined above, UN police personnel may also perform more specific tasks that are linked to the particular DDR process in place. These tasks may be implemented in both mission and non-mission settings, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, and are outlined below:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":813, "Sentence":"In addition to the general tasks outlined above, UN police personnel may also perform more specific tasks that are linked to the particular DDR process in place.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities addition general task outlined un police personnel may also perform specific task linked particular ddr process place ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. In addition to the general tasks outlined above, UN police personnel may also perform more specific tasks that are linked to the particular DDR process in place. These tasks may be implemented in both mission and non-mission settings, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, and are outlined below:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":813, "Sentence":"These tasks may be implemented in both mission and non-mission settings, contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, and are outlined below:", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities task may implemented mission nonmission setting contingent mandate and\/or deployment strength outlined" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When disarmament and demobilization is planned as part of a DDR programme, UN police personnel can provide advice and training to State police personnel to ensure that they develop procedures and processes to deal with the shorter-term aspects of disarmament and demobilization. These shorter- term aspects may include, but are not limited to, the travel and assembly of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups and dependants.In disarmament and demobilization sites (including encampments or cantonments), the gathering of large numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may create security risks. The mere presence of UN police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can help to reassure local communities. For example, regular FPU patrols in cantonment sites are a strong confidence-building initiative, providing a highly visible presence to deter crime and criminal activities. This presence also eases the burden on the military component of the mission, which can then concentrate on other threats to security and wider humanitarian support. Importantly, FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. With that said, the outreach and mediation capabilities of UN police personnel may sometimes be deployed in such situations in order to defuse tensions.In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component (see IDDRS 4.40 on Military Roles and Responsibilities). State police shall proactively act to address criminal activities inside and in the immediate vicinity of disarmament and demobilization sites. However, if the State police service delays or appears reluctant to take action, UN police personnel may intervene in order to ensure that the DDR process is not adversely affected. The immediate deployment of an FPU, to operationally engage in crowd control and public order challenges, can serve to contain the situation with minimum use of force. In contrast, direct military engagement in these situations may lead to escalation and consequently to greater numbers of casualties and wider damage. If public order disturbances are foreseen, it may be necessary to plan in advance for the engagement of FPU contingents and place a request for a specific, temporary deployment, particularly if the FPU is not conveniently located in the area of the disarmament and\/or demobilization site. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU.In mission settings where an FPU is deployed, the presence of UN police personnel should be requested, as often as possible, when combatants assemble for disarmament and demobilization as part of a DDR programme. Duplicate records of the weapons and ammunition handed over should, wherever possible, be shared with UN police personnel for the purposes of (i) preservation of the records and (ii) weapons tracing. UN police personnel can also be requested to provide dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites, together with a perimeter to secure destruction operations. Furthermore, when weapons and ammunition are temporarily stored, as a form of confidence-building, UN police personnel can oversee the management of the double-key system or be entrusted with custody of one of the keys (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":814, "Sentence":"When disarmament and demobilization is planned as part of a DDR programme, UN police personnel can provide advice and training to State police personnel to ensure that they develop procedures and processes to deal with the shorter-term aspects of disarmament and demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities disarmament demobilization planned part ddr programme un police personnel provide advice training state police personnel ensure develop procedure process deal shorterterm aspect disarmament demobilization ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When disarmament and demobilization is planned as part of a DDR programme, UN police personnel can provide advice and training to State police personnel to ensure that they develop procedures and processes to deal with the shorter-term aspects of disarmament and demobilization. These shorter- term aspects may include, but are not limited to, the travel and assembly of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups and dependants.In disarmament and demobilization sites (including encampments or cantonments), the gathering of large numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may create security risks. The mere presence of UN police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can help to reassure local communities. For example, regular FPU patrols in cantonment sites are a strong confidence-building initiative, providing a highly visible presence to deter crime and criminal activities. This presence also eases the burden on the military component of the mission, which can then concentrate on other threats to security and wider humanitarian support. Importantly, FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. With that said, the outreach and mediation capabilities of UN police personnel may sometimes be deployed in such situations in order to defuse tensions.In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component (see IDDRS 4.40 on Military Roles and Responsibilities). State police shall proactively act to address criminal activities inside and in the immediate vicinity of disarmament and demobilization sites. However, if the State police service delays or appears reluctant to take action, UN police personnel may intervene in order to ensure that the DDR process is not adversely affected. The immediate deployment of an FPU, to operationally engage in crowd control and public order challenges, can serve to contain the situation with minimum use of force. In contrast, direct military engagement in these situations may lead to escalation and consequently to greater numbers of casualties and wider damage. If public order disturbances are foreseen, it may be necessary to plan in advance for the engagement of FPU contingents and place a request for a specific, temporary deployment, particularly if the FPU is not conveniently located in the area of the disarmament and\/or demobilization site. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU.In mission settings where an FPU is deployed, the presence of UN police personnel should be requested, as often as possible, when combatants assemble for disarmament and demobilization as part of a DDR programme. Duplicate records of the weapons and ammunition handed over should, wherever possible, be shared with UN police personnel for the purposes of (i) preservation of the records and (ii) weapons tracing. UN police personnel can also be requested to provide dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites, together with a perimeter to secure destruction operations. Furthermore, when weapons and ammunition are temporarily stored, as a form of confidence-building, UN police personnel can oversee the management of the double-key system or be entrusted with custody of one of the keys (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":814, "Sentence":"These shorter- term aspects may include, but are not limited to, the travel and assembly of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups and dependants.In disarmament and demobilization sites (including encampments or cantonments), the gathering of large numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may create security risks.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities shorter term aspect may include limited travel assembly combatant person associated armed force group dependants.in disarmament demobilization site including encampment cantonment gathering large number excombatants person formerly associated armed force group may create security risk ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When disarmament and demobilization is planned as part of a DDR programme, UN police personnel can provide advice and training to State police personnel to ensure that they develop procedures and processes to deal with the shorter-term aspects of disarmament and demobilization. These shorter- term aspects may include, but are not limited to, the travel and assembly of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups and dependants.In disarmament and demobilization sites (including encampments or cantonments), the gathering of large numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may create security risks. The mere presence of UN police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can help to reassure local communities. For example, regular FPU patrols in cantonment sites are a strong confidence-building initiative, providing a highly visible presence to deter crime and criminal activities. This presence also eases the burden on the military component of the mission, which can then concentrate on other threats to security and wider humanitarian support. Importantly, FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. With that said, the outreach and mediation capabilities of UN police personnel may sometimes be deployed in such situations in order to defuse tensions.In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component (see IDDRS 4.40 on Military Roles and Responsibilities). State police shall proactively act to address criminal activities inside and in the immediate vicinity of disarmament and demobilization sites. However, if the State police service delays or appears reluctant to take action, UN police personnel may intervene in order to ensure that the DDR process is not adversely affected. The immediate deployment of an FPU, to operationally engage in crowd control and public order challenges, can serve to contain the situation with minimum use of force. In contrast, direct military engagement in these situations may lead to escalation and consequently to greater numbers of casualties and wider damage. If public order disturbances are foreseen, it may be necessary to plan in advance for the engagement of FPU contingents and place a request for a specific, temporary deployment, particularly if the FPU is not conveniently located in the area of the disarmament and\/or demobilization site. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU.In mission settings where an FPU is deployed, the presence of UN police personnel should be requested, as often as possible, when combatants assemble for disarmament and demobilization as part of a DDR programme. Duplicate records of the weapons and ammunition handed over should, wherever possible, be shared with UN police personnel for the purposes of (i) preservation of the records and (ii) weapons tracing. UN police personnel can also be requested to provide dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites, together with a perimeter to secure destruction operations. Furthermore, when weapons and ammunition are temporarily stored, as a form of confidence-building, UN police personnel can oversee the management of the double-key system or be entrusted with custody of one of the keys (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":814, "Sentence":"The mere presence of UN police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can help to reassure local communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities mere presence un police personnel disarmament demobilization site help reassure local community ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When disarmament and demobilization is planned as part of a DDR programme, UN police personnel can provide advice and training to State police personnel to ensure that they develop procedures and processes to deal with the shorter-term aspects of disarmament and demobilization. These shorter- term aspects may include, but are not limited to, the travel and assembly of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups and dependants.In disarmament and demobilization sites (including encampments or cantonments), the gathering of large numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may create security risks. The mere presence of UN police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can help to reassure local communities. For example, regular FPU patrols in cantonment sites are a strong confidence-building initiative, providing a highly visible presence to deter crime and criminal activities. This presence also eases the burden on the military component of the mission, which can then concentrate on other threats to security and wider humanitarian support. Importantly, FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. With that said, the outreach and mediation capabilities of UN police personnel may sometimes be deployed in such situations in order to defuse tensions.In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component (see IDDRS 4.40 on Military Roles and Responsibilities). State police shall proactively act to address criminal activities inside and in the immediate vicinity of disarmament and demobilization sites. However, if the State police service delays or appears reluctant to take action, UN police personnel may intervene in order to ensure that the DDR process is not adversely affected. The immediate deployment of an FPU, to operationally engage in crowd control and public order challenges, can serve to contain the situation with minimum use of force. In contrast, direct military engagement in these situations may lead to escalation and consequently to greater numbers of casualties and wider damage. If public order disturbances are foreseen, it may be necessary to plan in advance for the engagement of FPU contingents and place a request for a specific, temporary deployment, particularly if the FPU is not conveniently located in the area of the disarmament and\/or demobilization site. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU.In mission settings where an FPU is deployed, the presence of UN police personnel should be requested, as often as possible, when combatants assemble for disarmament and demobilization as part of a DDR programme. Duplicate records of the weapons and ammunition handed over should, wherever possible, be shared with UN police personnel for the purposes of (i) preservation of the records and (ii) weapons tracing. UN police personnel can also be requested to provide dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites, together with a perimeter to secure destruction operations. Furthermore, when weapons and ammunition are temporarily stored, as a form of confidence-building, UN police personnel can oversee the management of the double-key system or be entrusted with custody of one of the keys (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":814, "Sentence":"For example, regular FPU patrols in cantonment sites are a strong confidence-building initiative, providing a highly visible presence to deter crime and criminal activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities example regular fpu patrol cantonment site strong confidencebuilding initiative providing highly visible presence deter crime criminal activity ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When disarmament and demobilization is planned as part of a DDR programme, UN police personnel can provide advice and training to State police personnel to ensure that they develop procedures and processes to deal with the shorter-term aspects of disarmament and demobilization. These shorter- term aspects may include, but are not limited to, the travel and assembly of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups and dependants.In disarmament and demobilization sites (including encampments or cantonments), the gathering of large numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may create security risks. The mere presence of UN police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can help to reassure local communities. For example, regular FPU patrols in cantonment sites are a strong confidence-building initiative, providing a highly visible presence to deter crime and criminal activities. This presence also eases the burden on the military component of the mission, which can then concentrate on other threats to security and wider humanitarian support. Importantly, FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. With that said, the outreach and mediation capabilities of UN police personnel may sometimes be deployed in such situations in order to defuse tensions.In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component (see IDDRS 4.40 on Military Roles and Responsibilities). State police shall proactively act to address criminal activities inside and in the immediate vicinity of disarmament and demobilization sites. However, if the State police service delays or appears reluctant to take action, UN police personnel may intervene in order to ensure that the DDR process is not adversely affected. The immediate deployment of an FPU, to operationally engage in crowd control and public order challenges, can serve to contain the situation with minimum use of force. In contrast, direct military engagement in these situations may lead to escalation and consequently to greater numbers of casualties and wider damage. If public order disturbances are foreseen, it may be necessary to plan in advance for the engagement of FPU contingents and place a request for a specific, temporary deployment, particularly if the FPU is not conveniently located in the area of the disarmament and\/or demobilization site. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU.In mission settings where an FPU is deployed, the presence of UN police personnel should be requested, as often as possible, when combatants assemble for disarmament and demobilization as part of a DDR programme. Duplicate records of the weapons and ammunition handed over should, wherever possible, be shared with UN police personnel for the purposes of (i) preservation of the records and (ii) weapons tracing. UN police personnel can also be requested to provide dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites, together with a perimeter to secure destruction operations. Furthermore, when weapons and ammunition are temporarily stored, as a form of confidence-building, UN police personnel can oversee the management of the double-key system or be entrusted with custody of one of the keys (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":814, "Sentence":"This presence also eases the burden on the military component of the mission, which can then concentrate on other threats to security and wider humanitarian support.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities presence also eas burden military component mission concentrate threat security wider humanitarian support ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When disarmament and demobilization is planned as part of a DDR programme, UN police personnel can provide advice and training to State police personnel to ensure that they develop procedures and processes to deal with the shorter-term aspects of disarmament and demobilization. These shorter- term aspects may include, but are not limited to, the travel and assembly of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups and dependants.In disarmament and demobilization sites (including encampments or cantonments), the gathering of large numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may create security risks. The mere presence of UN police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can help to reassure local communities. For example, regular FPU patrols in cantonment sites are a strong confidence-building initiative, providing a highly visible presence to deter crime and criminal activities. This presence also eases the burden on the military component of the mission, which can then concentrate on other threats to security and wider humanitarian support. Importantly, FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. With that said, the outreach and mediation capabilities of UN police personnel may sometimes be deployed in such situations in order to defuse tensions.In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component (see IDDRS 4.40 on Military Roles and Responsibilities). State police shall proactively act to address criminal activities inside and in the immediate vicinity of disarmament and demobilization sites. However, if the State police service delays or appears reluctant to take action, UN police personnel may intervene in order to ensure that the DDR process is not adversely affected. The immediate deployment of an FPU, to operationally engage in crowd control and public order challenges, can serve to contain the situation with minimum use of force. In contrast, direct military engagement in these situations may lead to escalation and consequently to greater numbers of casualties and wider damage. If public order disturbances are foreseen, it may be necessary to plan in advance for the engagement of FPU contingents and place a request for a specific, temporary deployment, particularly if the FPU is not conveniently located in the area of the disarmament and\/or demobilization site. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU.In mission settings where an FPU is deployed, the presence of UN police personnel should be requested, as often as possible, when combatants assemble for disarmament and demobilization as part of a DDR programme. Duplicate records of the weapons and ammunition handed over should, wherever possible, be shared with UN police personnel for the purposes of (i) preservation of the records and (ii) weapons tracing. UN police personnel can also be requested to provide dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites, together with a perimeter to secure destruction operations. Furthermore, when weapons and ammunition are temporarily stored, as a form of confidence-building, UN police personnel can oversee the management of the double-key system or be entrusted with custody of one of the keys (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":814, "Sentence":"Importantly, FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities importantly fpu engagement shall always limited regular maintenance law order shall cross highrisk matter weapon security military security ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When disarmament and demobilization is planned as part of a DDR programme, UN police personnel can provide advice and training to State police personnel to ensure that they develop procedures and processes to deal with the shorter-term aspects of disarmament and demobilization. These shorter- term aspects may include, but are not limited to, the travel and assembly of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups and dependants.In disarmament and demobilization sites (including encampments or cantonments), the gathering of large numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may create security risks. The mere presence of UN police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can help to reassure local communities. For example, regular FPU patrols in cantonment sites are a strong confidence-building initiative, providing a highly visible presence to deter crime and criminal activities. This presence also eases the burden on the military component of the mission, which can then concentrate on other threats to security and wider humanitarian support. Importantly, FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. With that said, the outreach and mediation capabilities of UN police personnel may sometimes be deployed in such situations in order to defuse tensions.In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component (see IDDRS 4.40 on Military Roles and Responsibilities). State police shall proactively act to address criminal activities inside and in the immediate vicinity of disarmament and demobilization sites. However, if the State police service delays or appears reluctant to take action, UN police personnel may intervene in order to ensure that the DDR process is not adversely affected. The immediate deployment of an FPU, to operationally engage in crowd control and public order challenges, can serve to contain the situation with minimum use of force. In contrast, direct military engagement in these situations may lead to escalation and consequently to greater numbers of casualties and wider damage. If public order disturbances are foreseen, it may be necessary to plan in advance for the engagement of FPU contingents and place a request for a specific, temporary deployment, particularly if the FPU is not conveniently located in the area of the disarmament and\/or demobilization site. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU.In mission settings where an FPU is deployed, the presence of UN police personnel should be requested, as often as possible, when combatants assemble for disarmament and demobilization as part of a DDR programme. Duplicate records of the weapons and ammunition handed over should, wherever possible, be shared with UN police personnel for the purposes of (i) preservation of the records and (ii) weapons tracing. UN police personnel can also be requested to provide dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites, together with a perimeter to secure destruction operations. Furthermore, when weapons and ammunition are temporarily stored, as a form of confidence-building, UN police personnel can oversee the management of the double-key system or be entrusted with custody of one of the keys (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":814, "Sentence":"With that said, the outreach and mediation capabilities of UN police personnel may sometimes be deployed in such situations in order to defuse tensions.In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component (see IDDRS 4.40 on Military Roles and Responsibilities).", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities said outreach mediation capability un police personnel may sometimes deployed situation order defuse tensions.in mission context peacekeeping operation provision security around disarmament demobilization site typically undertaken military component see iddrs 4.40 military role responsibility ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When disarmament and demobilization is planned as part of a DDR programme, UN police personnel can provide advice and training to State police personnel to ensure that they develop procedures and processes to deal with the shorter-term aspects of disarmament and demobilization. These shorter- term aspects may include, but are not limited to, the travel and assembly of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups and dependants.In disarmament and demobilization sites (including encampments or cantonments), the gathering of large numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may create security risks. The mere presence of UN police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can help to reassure local communities. For example, regular FPU patrols in cantonment sites are a strong confidence-building initiative, providing a highly visible presence to deter crime and criminal activities. This presence also eases the burden on the military component of the mission, which can then concentrate on other threats to security and wider humanitarian support. Importantly, FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. With that said, the outreach and mediation capabilities of UN police personnel may sometimes be deployed in such situations in order to defuse tensions.In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component (see IDDRS 4.40 on Military Roles and Responsibilities). State police shall proactively act to address criminal activities inside and in the immediate vicinity of disarmament and demobilization sites. However, if the State police service delays or appears reluctant to take action, UN police personnel may intervene in order to ensure that the DDR process is not adversely affected. The immediate deployment of an FPU, to operationally engage in crowd control and public order challenges, can serve to contain the situation with minimum use of force. In contrast, direct military engagement in these situations may lead to escalation and consequently to greater numbers of casualties and wider damage. If public order disturbances are foreseen, it may be necessary to plan in advance for the engagement of FPU contingents and place a request for a specific, temporary deployment, particularly if the FPU is not conveniently located in the area of the disarmament and\/or demobilization site. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU.In mission settings where an FPU is deployed, the presence of UN police personnel should be requested, as often as possible, when combatants assemble for disarmament and demobilization as part of a DDR programme. Duplicate records of the weapons and ammunition handed over should, wherever possible, be shared with UN police personnel for the purposes of (i) preservation of the records and (ii) weapons tracing. UN police personnel can also be requested to provide dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites, together with a perimeter to secure destruction operations. Furthermore, when weapons and ammunition are temporarily stored, as a form of confidence-building, UN police personnel can oversee the management of the double-key system or be entrusted with custody of one of the keys (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":814, "Sentence":"State police shall proactively act to address criminal activities inside and in the immediate vicinity of disarmament and demobilization sites.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities state police shall proactively act address criminal activity inside immediate vicinity disarmament demobilization site ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When disarmament and demobilization is planned as part of a DDR programme, UN police personnel can provide advice and training to State police personnel to ensure that they develop procedures and processes to deal with the shorter-term aspects of disarmament and demobilization. These shorter- term aspects may include, but are not limited to, the travel and assembly of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups and dependants.In disarmament and demobilization sites (including encampments or cantonments), the gathering of large numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may create security risks. The mere presence of UN police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can help to reassure local communities. For example, regular FPU patrols in cantonment sites are a strong confidence-building initiative, providing a highly visible presence to deter crime and criminal activities. This presence also eases the burden on the military component of the mission, which can then concentrate on other threats to security and wider humanitarian support. Importantly, FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. With that said, the outreach and mediation capabilities of UN police personnel may sometimes be deployed in such situations in order to defuse tensions.In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component (see IDDRS 4.40 on Military Roles and Responsibilities). State police shall proactively act to address criminal activities inside and in the immediate vicinity of disarmament and demobilization sites. However, if the State police service delays or appears reluctant to take action, UN police personnel may intervene in order to ensure that the DDR process is not adversely affected. The immediate deployment of an FPU, to operationally engage in crowd control and public order challenges, can serve to contain the situation with minimum use of force. In contrast, direct military engagement in these situations may lead to escalation and consequently to greater numbers of casualties and wider damage. If public order disturbances are foreseen, it may be necessary to plan in advance for the engagement of FPU contingents and place a request for a specific, temporary deployment, particularly if the FPU is not conveniently located in the area of the disarmament and\/or demobilization site. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU.In mission settings where an FPU is deployed, the presence of UN police personnel should be requested, as often as possible, when combatants assemble for disarmament and demobilization as part of a DDR programme. Duplicate records of the weapons and ammunition handed over should, wherever possible, be shared with UN police personnel for the purposes of (i) preservation of the records and (ii) weapons tracing. UN police personnel can also be requested to provide dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites, together with a perimeter to secure destruction operations. Furthermore, when weapons and ammunition are temporarily stored, as a form of confidence-building, UN police personnel can oversee the management of the double-key system or be entrusted with custody of one of the keys (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":814, "Sentence":"However, if the State police service delays or appears reluctant to take action, UN police personnel may intervene in order to ensure that the DDR process is not adversely affected.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities however state police service delay appears reluctant take action un police personnel may intervene order ensure ddr process adversely affected ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When disarmament and demobilization is planned as part of a DDR programme, UN police personnel can provide advice and training to State police personnel to ensure that they develop procedures and processes to deal with the shorter-term aspects of disarmament and demobilization. These shorter- term aspects may include, but are not limited to, the travel and assembly of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups and dependants.In disarmament and demobilization sites (including encampments or cantonments), the gathering of large numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may create security risks. The mere presence of UN police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can help to reassure local communities. For example, regular FPU patrols in cantonment sites are a strong confidence-building initiative, providing a highly visible presence to deter crime and criminal activities. This presence also eases the burden on the military component of the mission, which can then concentrate on other threats to security and wider humanitarian support. Importantly, FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. With that said, the outreach and mediation capabilities of UN police personnel may sometimes be deployed in such situations in order to defuse tensions.In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component (see IDDRS 4.40 on Military Roles and Responsibilities). State police shall proactively act to address criminal activities inside and in the immediate vicinity of disarmament and demobilization sites. However, if the State police service delays or appears reluctant to take action, UN police personnel may intervene in order to ensure that the DDR process is not adversely affected. The immediate deployment of an FPU, to operationally engage in crowd control and public order challenges, can serve to contain the situation with minimum use of force. In contrast, direct military engagement in these situations may lead to escalation and consequently to greater numbers of casualties and wider damage. If public order disturbances are foreseen, it may be necessary to plan in advance for the engagement of FPU contingents and place a request for a specific, temporary deployment, particularly if the FPU is not conveniently located in the area of the disarmament and\/or demobilization site. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU.In mission settings where an FPU is deployed, the presence of UN police personnel should be requested, as often as possible, when combatants assemble for disarmament and demobilization as part of a DDR programme. Duplicate records of the weapons and ammunition handed over should, wherever possible, be shared with UN police personnel for the purposes of (i) preservation of the records and (ii) weapons tracing. UN police personnel can also be requested to provide dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites, together with a perimeter to secure destruction operations. Furthermore, when weapons and ammunition are temporarily stored, as a form of confidence-building, UN police personnel can oversee the management of the double-key system or be entrusted with custody of one of the keys (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":814, "Sentence":"The immediate deployment of an FPU, to operationally engage in crowd control and public order challenges, can serve to contain the situation with minimum use of force.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities immediate deployment fpu operationally engage crowd control public order challenge serve contain situation minimum use force ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When disarmament and demobilization is planned as part of a DDR programme, UN police personnel can provide advice and training to State police personnel to ensure that they develop procedures and processes to deal with the shorter-term aspects of disarmament and demobilization. These shorter- term aspects may include, but are not limited to, the travel and assembly of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups and dependants.In disarmament and demobilization sites (including encampments or cantonments), the gathering of large numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may create security risks. The mere presence of UN police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can help to reassure local communities. For example, regular FPU patrols in cantonment sites are a strong confidence-building initiative, providing a highly visible presence to deter crime and criminal activities. This presence also eases the burden on the military component of the mission, which can then concentrate on other threats to security and wider humanitarian support. Importantly, FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. With that said, the outreach and mediation capabilities of UN police personnel may sometimes be deployed in such situations in order to defuse tensions.In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component (see IDDRS 4.40 on Military Roles and Responsibilities). State police shall proactively act to address criminal activities inside and in the immediate vicinity of disarmament and demobilization sites. However, if the State police service delays or appears reluctant to take action, UN police personnel may intervene in order to ensure that the DDR process is not adversely affected. The immediate deployment of an FPU, to operationally engage in crowd control and public order challenges, can serve to contain the situation with minimum use of force. In contrast, direct military engagement in these situations may lead to escalation and consequently to greater numbers of casualties and wider damage. If public order disturbances are foreseen, it may be necessary to plan in advance for the engagement of FPU contingents and place a request for a specific, temporary deployment, particularly if the FPU is not conveniently located in the area of the disarmament and\/or demobilization site. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU.In mission settings where an FPU is deployed, the presence of UN police personnel should be requested, as often as possible, when combatants assemble for disarmament and demobilization as part of a DDR programme. Duplicate records of the weapons and ammunition handed over should, wherever possible, be shared with UN police personnel for the purposes of (i) preservation of the records and (ii) weapons tracing. UN police personnel can also be requested to provide dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites, together with a perimeter to secure destruction operations. Furthermore, when weapons and ammunition are temporarily stored, as a form of confidence-building, UN police personnel can oversee the management of the double-key system or be entrusted with custody of one of the keys (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":814, "Sentence":"In contrast, direct military engagement in these situations may lead to escalation and consequently to greater numbers of casualties and wider damage.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities contrast direct military engagement situation may lead escalation consequently greater number casualty wider damage ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When disarmament and demobilization is planned as part of a DDR programme, UN police personnel can provide advice and training to State police personnel to ensure that they develop procedures and processes to deal with the shorter-term aspects of disarmament and demobilization. These shorter- term aspects may include, but are not limited to, the travel and assembly of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups and dependants.In disarmament and demobilization sites (including encampments or cantonments), the gathering of large numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may create security risks. The mere presence of UN police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can help to reassure local communities. For example, regular FPU patrols in cantonment sites are a strong confidence-building initiative, providing a highly visible presence to deter crime and criminal activities. This presence also eases the burden on the military component of the mission, which can then concentrate on other threats to security and wider humanitarian support. Importantly, FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. With that said, the outreach and mediation capabilities of UN police personnel may sometimes be deployed in such situations in order to defuse tensions.In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component (see IDDRS 4.40 on Military Roles and Responsibilities). State police shall proactively act to address criminal activities inside and in the immediate vicinity of disarmament and demobilization sites. However, if the State police service delays or appears reluctant to take action, UN police personnel may intervene in order to ensure that the DDR process is not adversely affected. The immediate deployment of an FPU, to operationally engage in crowd control and public order challenges, can serve to contain the situation with minimum use of force. In contrast, direct military engagement in these situations may lead to escalation and consequently to greater numbers of casualties and wider damage. If public order disturbances are foreseen, it may be necessary to plan in advance for the engagement of FPU contingents and place a request for a specific, temporary deployment, particularly if the FPU is not conveniently located in the area of the disarmament and\/or demobilization site. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU.In mission settings where an FPU is deployed, the presence of UN police personnel should be requested, as often as possible, when combatants assemble for disarmament and demobilization as part of a DDR programme. Duplicate records of the weapons and ammunition handed over should, wherever possible, be shared with UN police personnel for the purposes of (i) preservation of the records and (ii) weapons tracing. UN police personnel can also be requested to provide dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites, together with a perimeter to secure destruction operations. Furthermore, when weapons and ammunition are temporarily stored, as a form of confidence-building, UN police personnel can oversee the management of the double-key system or be entrusted with custody of one of the keys (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":814, "Sentence":"If public order disturbances are foreseen, it may be necessary to plan in advance for the engagement of FPU contingents and place a request for a specific, temporary deployment, particularly if the FPU is not conveniently located in the area of the disarmament and\/or demobilization site.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities public order disturbance foreseen may necessary plan advance engagement fpu contingent place request specific temporary deployment particularly fpu conveniently located area disarmament and\/or demobilization site ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When disarmament and demobilization is planned as part of a DDR programme, UN police personnel can provide advice and training to State police personnel to ensure that they develop procedures and processes to deal with the shorter-term aspects of disarmament and demobilization. These shorter- term aspects may include, but are not limited to, the travel and assembly of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups and dependants.In disarmament and demobilization sites (including encampments or cantonments), the gathering of large numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may create security risks. The mere presence of UN police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can help to reassure local communities. For example, regular FPU patrols in cantonment sites are a strong confidence-building initiative, providing a highly visible presence to deter crime and criminal activities. This presence also eases the burden on the military component of the mission, which can then concentrate on other threats to security and wider humanitarian support. Importantly, FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. With that said, the outreach and mediation capabilities of UN police personnel may sometimes be deployed in such situations in order to defuse tensions.In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component (see IDDRS 4.40 on Military Roles and Responsibilities). State police shall proactively act to address criminal activities inside and in the immediate vicinity of disarmament and demobilization sites. However, if the State police service delays or appears reluctant to take action, UN police personnel may intervene in order to ensure that the DDR process is not adversely affected. The immediate deployment of an FPU, to operationally engage in crowd control and public order challenges, can serve to contain the situation with minimum use of force. In contrast, direct military engagement in these situations may lead to escalation and consequently to greater numbers of casualties and wider damage. If public order disturbances are foreseen, it may be necessary to plan in advance for the engagement of FPU contingents and place a request for a specific, temporary deployment, particularly if the FPU is not conveniently located in the area of the disarmament and\/or demobilization site. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU.In mission settings where an FPU is deployed, the presence of UN police personnel should be requested, as often as possible, when combatants assemble for disarmament and demobilization as part of a DDR programme. Duplicate records of the weapons and ammunition handed over should, wherever possible, be shared with UN police personnel for the purposes of (i) preservation of the records and (ii) weapons tracing. UN police personnel can also be requested to provide dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites, together with a perimeter to secure destruction operations. Furthermore, when weapons and ammunition are temporarily stored, as a form of confidence-building, UN police personnel can oversee the management of the double-key system or be entrusted with custody of one of the keys (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":814, "Sentence":"If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU.In mission settings where an FPU is deployed, the presence of UN police personnel should be requested, as often as possible, when combatants assemble for disarmament and demobilization as part of a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities situation escalate involve violence use firearm military unit shall alerted order ready support fpu.in mission setting fpu deployed presence un police personnel requested often possible combatant assemble disarmament demobilization part ddr programme ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When disarmament and demobilization is planned as part of a DDR programme, UN police personnel can provide advice and training to State police personnel to ensure that they develop procedures and processes to deal with the shorter-term aspects of disarmament and demobilization. These shorter- term aspects may include, but are not limited to, the travel and assembly of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups and dependants.In disarmament and demobilization sites (including encampments or cantonments), the gathering of large numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may create security risks. The mere presence of UN police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can help to reassure local communities. For example, regular FPU patrols in cantonment sites are a strong confidence-building initiative, providing a highly visible presence to deter crime and criminal activities. This presence also eases the burden on the military component of the mission, which can then concentrate on other threats to security and wider humanitarian support. Importantly, FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. With that said, the outreach and mediation capabilities of UN police personnel may sometimes be deployed in such situations in order to defuse tensions.In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component (see IDDRS 4.40 on Military Roles and Responsibilities). State police shall proactively act to address criminal activities inside and in the immediate vicinity of disarmament and demobilization sites. However, if the State police service delays or appears reluctant to take action, UN police personnel may intervene in order to ensure that the DDR process is not adversely affected. The immediate deployment of an FPU, to operationally engage in crowd control and public order challenges, can serve to contain the situation with minimum use of force. In contrast, direct military engagement in these situations may lead to escalation and consequently to greater numbers of casualties and wider damage. If public order disturbances are foreseen, it may be necessary to plan in advance for the engagement of FPU contingents and place a request for a specific, temporary deployment, particularly if the FPU is not conveniently located in the area of the disarmament and\/or demobilization site. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU.In mission settings where an FPU is deployed, the presence of UN police personnel should be requested, as often as possible, when combatants assemble for disarmament and demobilization as part of a DDR programme. Duplicate records of the weapons and ammunition handed over should, wherever possible, be shared with UN police personnel for the purposes of (i) preservation of the records and (ii) weapons tracing. UN police personnel can also be requested to provide dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites, together with a perimeter to secure destruction operations. Furthermore, when weapons and ammunition are temporarily stored, as a form of confidence-building, UN police personnel can oversee the management of the double-key system or be entrusted with custody of one of the keys (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":814, "Sentence":"Duplicate records of the weapons and ammunition handed over should, wherever possible, be shared with UN police personnel for the purposes of (i) preservation of the records and (ii) weapons tracing.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities duplicate record weapon ammunition handed wherever possible shared un police personnel purpose preservation record ii weapon tracing ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When disarmament and demobilization is planned as part of a DDR programme, UN police personnel can provide advice and training to State police personnel to ensure that they develop procedures and processes to deal with the shorter-term aspects of disarmament and demobilization. These shorter- term aspects may include, but are not limited to, the travel and assembly of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups and dependants.In disarmament and demobilization sites (including encampments or cantonments), the gathering of large numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may create security risks. The mere presence of UN police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can help to reassure local communities. For example, regular FPU patrols in cantonment sites are a strong confidence-building initiative, providing a highly visible presence to deter crime and criminal activities. This presence also eases the burden on the military component of the mission, which can then concentrate on other threats to security and wider humanitarian support. Importantly, FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. With that said, the outreach and mediation capabilities of UN police personnel may sometimes be deployed in such situations in order to defuse tensions.In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component (see IDDRS 4.40 on Military Roles and Responsibilities). State police shall proactively act to address criminal activities inside and in the immediate vicinity of disarmament and demobilization sites. However, if the State police service delays or appears reluctant to take action, UN police personnel may intervene in order to ensure that the DDR process is not adversely affected. The immediate deployment of an FPU, to operationally engage in crowd control and public order challenges, can serve to contain the situation with minimum use of force. In contrast, direct military engagement in these situations may lead to escalation and consequently to greater numbers of casualties and wider damage. If public order disturbances are foreseen, it may be necessary to plan in advance for the engagement of FPU contingents and place a request for a specific, temporary deployment, particularly if the FPU is not conveniently located in the area of the disarmament and\/or demobilization site. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU.In mission settings where an FPU is deployed, the presence of UN police personnel should be requested, as often as possible, when combatants assemble for disarmament and demobilization as part of a DDR programme. Duplicate records of the weapons and ammunition handed over should, wherever possible, be shared with UN police personnel for the purposes of (i) preservation of the records and (ii) weapons tracing. UN police personnel can also be requested to provide dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites, together with a perimeter to secure destruction operations. Furthermore, when weapons and ammunition are temporarily stored, as a form of confidence-building, UN police personnel can oversee the management of the double-key system or be entrusted with custody of one of the keys (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":814, "Sentence":"UN police personnel can also be requested to provide dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites, together with a perimeter to secure destruction operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities un police personnel also requested provide dynamic surveillance weapon ammunition storage site together perimeter secure destruction operation ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"When disarmament and demobilization is planned as part of a DDR programme, UN police personnel can provide advice and training to State police personnel to ensure that they develop procedures and processes to deal with the shorter-term aspects of disarmament and demobilization. These shorter- term aspects may include, but are not limited to, the travel and assembly of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups and dependants.In disarmament and demobilization sites (including encampments or cantonments), the gathering of large numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may create security risks. The mere presence of UN police personnel at disarmament and demobilization sites can help to reassure local communities. For example, regular FPU patrols in cantonment sites are a strong confidence-building initiative, providing a highly visible presence to deter crime and criminal activities. This presence also eases the burden on the military component of the mission, which can then concentrate on other threats to security and wider humanitarian support. Importantly, FPU engagement shall always be limited to the regular maintenance of law and order and shall not cross into high-risk matters of weapons security and military security. With that said, the outreach and mediation capabilities of UN police personnel may sometimes be deployed in such situations in order to defuse tensions.In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component (see IDDRS 4.40 on Military Roles and Responsibilities). State police shall proactively act to address criminal activities inside and in the immediate vicinity of disarmament and demobilization sites. However, if the State police service delays or appears reluctant to take action, UN police personnel may intervene in order to ensure that the DDR process is not adversely affected. The immediate deployment of an FPU, to operationally engage in crowd control and public order challenges, can serve to contain the situation with minimum use of force. In contrast, direct military engagement in these situations may lead to escalation and consequently to greater numbers of casualties and wider damage. If public order disturbances are foreseen, it may be necessary to plan in advance for the engagement of FPU contingents and place a request for a specific, temporary deployment, particularly if the FPU is not conveniently located in the area of the disarmament and\/or demobilization site. If the situation does escalate to involve violence and the use of firearms, military units shall be alerted in order to be ready to support the FPU.In mission settings where an FPU is deployed, the presence of UN police personnel should be requested, as often as possible, when combatants assemble for disarmament and demobilization as part of a DDR programme. Duplicate records of the weapons and ammunition handed over should, wherever possible, be shared with UN police personnel for the purposes of (i) preservation of the records and (ii) weapons tracing. UN police personnel can also be requested to provide dynamic surveillance of weapons and ammunition storage sites, together with a perimeter to secure destruction operations. Furthermore, when weapons and ammunition are temporarily stored, as a form of confidence-building, UN police personnel can oversee the management of the double-key system or be entrusted with custody of one of the keys (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":814, "Sentence":"Furthermore, when weapons and ammunition are temporarily stored, as a form of confidence-building, UN police personnel can oversee the management of the double-key system or be entrusted with custody of one of the keys (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities furthermore weapon ammunition temporarily stored form confidencebuilding un police personnel oversee management doublekey system entrusted custody one key see iddrs 4.10 disarmament ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The role of CVR programmes within DDR processes is explained in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction. CVR programmes can contribute to the ability of UN and State police personnel to improve local security conditions, especially outside capital cities, by exploring synergies between CVR and community-oriented policing. These possible synergies include: \\n The involvement of UN and\/or local State police representatives in the project advisory\/review committee or local selection committees. In particular, UN police personnel may be able to provide advice on sources of community violence that need to be addressed. \\n The development of CVR projects that reinforce State policing capacities. \\n Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) implemented by UN police personnel, such as the rehabilitation of local police infrastructure or the training of female police personnel, could also, where appropriate, become part of a CVR programme. \\n If the eligibility criteria for a CVR programme require the handover of weapons and\/or ammunition, UN police personnel can provide support in a variety of ways including the preliminary assessment of weapons collected, the choice of temporary storage facilities for weapons and ammunition, the registration of weapons and ammunition, and the collection of photographic records. \\n UN police personnel can also provide support to CVR programmes by diffusing key messages related to the programme. When relevant to the project at hand, UN police personnel can also provide lectures on civic education, multicultural tolerance, gender equality and respect for the rule of law.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":815, "Sentence":"The role of CVR programmes within DDR processes is explained in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities role cvr programme within ddr process explained iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The role of CVR programmes within DDR processes is explained in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction. CVR programmes can contribute to the ability of UN and State police personnel to improve local security conditions, especially outside capital cities, by exploring synergies between CVR and community-oriented policing. These possible synergies include: \\n The involvement of UN and\/or local State police representatives in the project advisory\/review committee or local selection committees. In particular, UN police personnel may be able to provide advice on sources of community violence that need to be addressed. \\n The development of CVR projects that reinforce State policing capacities. \\n Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) implemented by UN police personnel, such as the rehabilitation of local police infrastructure or the training of female police personnel, could also, where appropriate, become part of a CVR programme. \\n If the eligibility criteria for a CVR programme require the handover of weapons and\/or ammunition, UN police personnel can provide support in a variety of ways including the preliminary assessment of weapons collected, the choice of temporary storage facilities for weapons and ammunition, the registration of weapons and ammunition, and the collection of photographic records. \\n UN police personnel can also provide support to CVR programmes by diffusing key messages related to the programme. When relevant to the project at hand, UN police personnel can also provide lectures on civic education, multicultural tolerance, gender equality and respect for the rule of law.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":815, "Sentence":"CVR programmes can contribute to the ability of UN and State police personnel to improve local security conditions, especially outside capital cities, by exploring synergies between CVR and community-oriented policing.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities cvr programme contribute ability un state police personnel improve local security condition especially outside capital city exploring synergy cvr communityoriented policing ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The role of CVR programmes within DDR processes is explained in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction. CVR programmes can contribute to the ability of UN and State police personnel to improve local security conditions, especially outside capital cities, by exploring synergies between CVR and community-oriented policing. These possible synergies include: \\n The involvement of UN and\/or local State police representatives in the project advisory\/review committee or local selection committees. In particular, UN police personnel may be able to provide advice on sources of community violence that need to be addressed. \\n The development of CVR projects that reinforce State policing capacities. \\n Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) implemented by UN police personnel, such as the rehabilitation of local police infrastructure or the training of female police personnel, could also, where appropriate, become part of a CVR programme. \\n If the eligibility criteria for a CVR programme require the handover of weapons and\/or ammunition, UN police personnel can provide support in a variety of ways including the preliminary assessment of weapons collected, the choice of temporary storage facilities for weapons and ammunition, the registration of weapons and ammunition, and the collection of photographic records. \\n UN police personnel can also provide support to CVR programmes by diffusing key messages related to the programme. When relevant to the project at hand, UN police personnel can also provide lectures on civic education, multicultural tolerance, gender equality and respect for the rule of law.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":815, "Sentence":"These possible synergies include: \\n The involvement of UN and\/or local State police representatives in the project advisory\/review committee or local selection committees.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities possible synergy include n involvement un and\/or local state police representative project advisory\/review committee local selection committee ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The role of CVR programmes within DDR processes is explained in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction. CVR programmes can contribute to the ability of UN and State police personnel to improve local security conditions, especially outside capital cities, by exploring synergies between CVR and community-oriented policing. These possible synergies include: \\n The involvement of UN and\/or local State police representatives in the project advisory\/review committee or local selection committees. In particular, UN police personnel may be able to provide advice on sources of community violence that need to be addressed. \\n The development of CVR projects that reinforce State policing capacities. \\n Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) implemented by UN police personnel, such as the rehabilitation of local police infrastructure or the training of female police personnel, could also, where appropriate, become part of a CVR programme. \\n If the eligibility criteria for a CVR programme require the handover of weapons and\/or ammunition, UN police personnel can provide support in a variety of ways including the preliminary assessment of weapons collected, the choice of temporary storage facilities for weapons and ammunition, the registration of weapons and ammunition, and the collection of photographic records. \\n UN police personnel can also provide support to CVR programmes by diffusing key messages related to the programme. When relevant to the project at hand, UN police personnel can also provide lectures on civic education, multicultural tolerance, gender equality and respect for the rule of law.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":815, "Sentence":"In particular, UN police personnel may be able to provide advice on sources of community violence that need to be addressed.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities particular un police personnel may able provide advice source community violence need addressed ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The role of CVR programmes within DDR processes is explained in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction. CVR programmes can contribute to the ability of UN and State police personnel to improve local security conditions, especially outside capital cities, by exploring synergies between CVR and community-oriented policing. These possible synergies include: \\n The involvement of UN and\/or local State police representatives in the project advisory\/review committee or local selection committees. In particular, UN police personnel may be able to provide advice on sources of community violence that need to be addressed. \\n The development of CVR projects that reinforce State policing capacities. \\n Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) implemented by UN police personnel, such as the rehabilitation of local police infrastructure or the training of female police personnel, could also, where appropriate, become part of a CVR programme. \\n If the eligibility criteria for a CVR programme require the handover of weapons and\/or ammunition, UN police personnel can provide support in a variety of ways including the preliminary assessment of weapons collected, the choice of temporary storage facilities for weapons and ammunition, the registration of weapons and ammunition, and the collection of photographic records. \\n UN police personnel can also provide support to CVR programmes by diffusing key messages related to the programme. When relevant to the project at hand, UN police personnel can also provide lectures on civic education, multicultural tolerance, gender equality and respect for the rule of law.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":815, "Sentence":"\\n The development of CVR projects that reinforce State policing capacities.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities n development cvr project reinforce state policing capacity ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The role of CVR programmes within DDR processes is explained in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction. CVR programmes can contribute to the ability of UN and State police personnel to improve local security conditions, especially outside capital cities, by exploring synergies between CVR and community-oriented policing. These possible synergies include: \\n The involvement of UN and\/or local State police representatives in the project advisory\/review committee or local selection committees. In particular, UN police personnel may be able to provide advice on sources of community violence that need to be addressed. \\n The development of CVR projects that reinforce State policing capacities. \\n Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) implemented by UN police personnel, such as the rehabilitation of local police infrastructure or the training of female police personnel, could also, where appropriate, become part of a CVR programme. \\n If the eligibility criteria for a CVR programme require the handover of weapons and\/or ammunition, UN police personnel can provide support in a variety of ways including the preliminary assessment of weapons collected, the choice of temporary storage facilities for weapons and ammunition, the registration of weapons and ammunition, and the collection of photographic records. \\n UN police personnel can also provide support to CVR programmes by diffusing key messages related to the programme. When relevant to the project at hand, UN police personnel can also provide lectures on civic education, multicultural tolerance, gender equality and respect for the rule of law.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":815, "Sentence":"\\n Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) implemented by UN police personnel, such as the rehabilitation of local police infrastructure or the training of female police personnel, could also, where appropriate, become part of a CVR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities n quick impact project qips implemented un police personnel rehabilitation local police infrastructure training female police personnel could also appropriate become part cvr programme ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The role of CVR programmes within DDR processes is explained in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction. CVR programmes can contribute to the ability of UN and State police personnel to improve local security conditions, especially outside capital cities, by exploring synergies between CVR and community-oriented policing. These possible synergies include: \\n The involvement of UN and\/or local State police representatives in the project advisory\/review committee or local selection committees. In particular, UN police personnel may be able to provide advice on sources of community violence that need to be addressed. \\n The development of CVR projects that reinforce State policing capacities. \\n Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) implemented by UN police personnel, such as the rehabilitation of local police infrastructure or the training of female police personnel, could also, where appropriate, become part of a CVR programme. \\n If the eligibility criteria for a CVR programme require the handover of weapons and\/or ammunition, UN police personnel can provide support in a variety of ways including the preliminary assessment of weapons collected, the choice of temporary storage facilities for weapons and ammunition, the registration of weapons and ammunition, and the collection of photographic records. \\n UN police personnel can also provide support to CVR programmes by diffusing key messages related to the programme. When relevant to the project at hand, UN police personnel can also provide lectures on civic education, multicultural tolerance, gender equality and respect for the rule of law.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":815, "Sentence":"\\n If the eligibility criteria for a CVR programme require the handover of weapons and\/or ammunition, UN police personnel can provide support in a variety of ways including the preliminary assessment of weapons collected, the choice of temporary storage facilities for weapons and ammunition, the registration of weapons and ammunition, and the collection of photographic records.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities n eligibility criterion cvr programme require handover weapon and\/or ammunition un police personnel provide support variety way including preliminary assessment weapon collected choice temporary storage facility weapon ammunition registration weapon ammunition collection photographic record ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The role of CVR programmes within DDR processes is explained in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction. CVR programmes can contribute to the ability of UN and State police personnel to improve local security conditions, especially outside capital cities, by exploring synergies between CVR and community-oriented policing. These possible synergies include: \\n The involvement of UN and\/or local State police representatives in the project advisory\/review committee or local selection committees. In particular, UN police personnel may be able to provide advice on sources of community violence that need to be addressed. \\n The development of CVR projects that reinforce State policing capacities. \\n Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) implemented by UN police personnel, such as the rehabilitation of local police infrastructure or the training of female police personnel, could also, where appropriate, become part of a CVR programme. \\n If the eligibility criteria for a CVR programme require the handover of weapons and\/or ammunition, UN police personnel can provide support in a variety of ways including the preliminary assessment of weapons collected, the choice of temporary storage facilities for weapons and ammunition, the registration of weapons and ammunition, and the collection of photographic records. \\n UN police personnel can also provide support to CVR programmes by diffusing key messages related to the programme. When relevant to the project at hand, UN police personnel can also provide lectures on civic education, multicultural tolerance, gender equality and respect for the rule of law.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":815, "Sentence":"\\n UN police personnel can also provide support to CVR programmes by diffusing key messages related to the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities n un police personnel also provide support cvr programme diffusing key message related programme ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The role of CVR programmes within DDR processes is explained in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction. CVR programmes can contribute to the ability of UN and State police personnel to improve local security conditions, especially outside capital cities, by exploring synergies between CVR and community-oriented policing. These possible synergies include: \\n The involvement of UN and\/or local State police representatives in the project advisory\/review committee or local selection committees. In particular, UN police personnel may be able to provide advice on sources of community violence that need to be addressed. \\n The development of CVR projects that reinforce State policing capacities. \\n Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) implemented by UN police personnel, such as the rehabilitation of local police infrastructure or the training of female police personnel, could also, where appropriate, become part of a CVR programme. \\n If the eligibility criteria for a CVR programme require the handover of weapons and\/or ammunition, UN police personnel can provide support in a variety of ways including the preliminary assessment of weapons collected, the choice of temporary storage facilities for weapons and ammunition, the registration of weapons and ammunition, and the collection of photographic records. \\n UN police personnel can also provide support to CVR programmes by diffusing key messages related to the programme. When relevant to the project at hand, UN police personnel can also provide lectures on civic education, multicultural tolerance, gender equality and respect for the rule of law.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":815, "Sentence":"When relevant to the project at hand, UN police personnel can also provide lectures on civic education, multicultural tolerance, gender equality and respect for the rule of law.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities relevant project hand un police personnel also provide lecture civic education multicultural tolerance gender equality respect rule law ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.3 Transitional weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The role of transitional WAM in DDR processes is explained in IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM. UN police personnel can contribute to transitional WAM activities in a variety of ways, including by supporting and advising State police on the control of civilian-held weapons, and encouraging registration and handover procedures with the aim of establishing weapons-free zones and enhancing security. These measures can help to limit the recirculation of weapons diverted or illicitly retained by former combatants.Community-based policing can play an important role in strengthening weapons control initiatives. If community members have a certain degree of trust in police and security institutions, they may feel more comfortable engaging in activities related to transitional WAM. Similarly, if there is a good working relationship between the police and the community, the police will more easily obtain information about weapons caches.In addition, UN police personnel may also provide support to the development of longer-term laws and procedures to manage the legitimate possession of weapons. UN police personnel can then contribute to the verification, registration and tracing of the weapons held by citizens, offering advice on the security, handling and custody of these weapons, as well as encouraging civilians to hand these weapons over to the authorities as a means of building confidence in the State police and security institutions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":816, "Sentence":"The role of transitional WAM in DDR processes is explained in IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities role transitional wam ddr process explained iddrs 4.11 transitional wam ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.3 Transitional weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The role of transitional WAM in DDR processes is explained in IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM. UN police personnel can contribute to transitional WAM activities in a variety of ways, including by supporting and advising State police on the control of civilian-held weapons, and encouraging registration and handover procedures with the aim of establishing weapons-free zones and enhancing security. These measures can help to limit the recirculation of weapons diverted or illicitly retained by former combatants.Community-based policing can play an important role in strengthening weapons control initiatives. If community members have a certain degree of trust in police and security institutions, they may feel more comfortable engaging in activities related to transitional WAM. Similarly, if there is a good working relationship between the police and the community, the police will more easily obtain information about weapons caches.In addition, UN police personnel may also provide support to the development of longer-term laws and procedures to manage the legitimate possession of weapons. UN police personnel can then contribute to the verification, registration and tracing of the weapons held by citizens, offering advice on the security, handling and custody of these weapons, as well as encouraging civilians to hand these weapons over to the authorities as a means of building confidence in the State police and security institutions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":816, "Sentence":"UN police personnel can contribute to transitional WAM activities in a variety of ways, including by supporting and advising State police on the control of civilian-held weapons, and encouraging registration and handover procedures with the aim of establishing weapons-free zones and enhancing security.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities un police personnel contribute transitional wam activity variety way including supporting advising state police control civilianheld weapon encouraging registration handover procedure aim establishing weaponsfree zone enhancing security ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.3 Transitional weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The role of transitional WAM in DDR processes is explained in IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM. UN police personnel can contribute to transitional WAM activities in a variety of ways, including by supporting and advising State police on the control of civilian-held weapons, and encouraging registration and handover procedures with the aim of establishing weapons-free zones and enhancing security. These measures can help to limit the recirculation of weapons diverted or illicitly retained by former combatants.Community-based policing can play an important role in strengthening weapons control initiatives. If community members have a certain degree of trust in police and security institutions, they may feel more comfortable engaging in activities related to transitional WAM. Similarly, if there is a good working relationship between the police and the community, the police will more easily obtain information about weapons caches.In addition, UN police personnel may also provide support to the development of longer-term laws and procedures to manage the legitimate possession of weapons. UN police personnel can then contribute to the verification, registration and tracing of the weapons held by citizens, offering advice on the security, handling and custody of these weapons, as well as encouraging civilians to hand these weapons over to the authorities as a means of building confidence in the State police and security institutions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":816, "Sentence":"These measures can help to limit the recirculation of weapons diverted or illicitly retained by former combatants.Community-based policing can play an important role in strengthening weapons control initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities measure help limit recirculation weapon diverted illicitly retained former combatants.communitybased policing play important role strengthening weapon control initiative ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.3 Transitional weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The role of transitional WAM in DDR processes is explained in IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM. UN police personnel can contribute to transitional WAM activities in a variety of ways, including by supporting and advising State police on the control of civilian-held weapons, and encouraging registration and handover procedures with the aim of establishing weapons-free zones and enhancing security. These measures can help to limit the recirculation of weapons diverted or illicitly retained by former combatants.Community-based policing can play an important role in strengthening weapons control initiatives. If community members have a certain degree of trust in police and security institutions, they may feel more comfortable engaging in activities related to transitional WAM. Similarly, if there is a good working relationship between the police and the community, the police will more easily obtain information about weapons caches.In addition, UN police personnel may also provide support to the development of longer-term laws and procedures to manage the legitimate possession of weapons. UN police personnel can then contribute to the verification, registration and tracing of the weapons held by citizens, offering advice on the security, handling and custody of these weapons, as well as encouraging civilians to hand these weapons over to the authorities as a means of building confidence in the State police and security institutions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":816, "Sentence":"If community members have a certain degree of trust in police and security institutions, they may feel more comfortable engaging in activities related to transitional WAM.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities community member certain degree trust police security institution may feel comfortable engaging activity related transitional wam ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.3 Transitional weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The role of transitional WAM in DDR processes is explained in IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM. UN police personnel can contribute to transitional WAM activities in a variety of ways, including by supporting and advising State police on the control of civilian-held weapons, and encouraging registration and handover procedures with the aim of establishing weapons-free zones and enhancing security. These measures can help to limit the recirculation of weapons diverted or illicitly retained by former combatants.Community-based policing can play an important role in strengthening weapons control initiatives. If community members have a certain degree of trust in police and security institutions, they may feel more comfortable engaging in activities related to transitional WAM. Similarly, if there is a good working relationship between the police and the community, the police will more easily obtain information about weapons caches.In addition, UN police personnel may also provide support to the development of longer-term laws and procedures to manage the legitimate possession of weapons. UN police personnel can then contribute to the verification, registration and tracing of the weapons held by citizens, offering advice on the security, handling and custody of these weapons, as well as encouraging civilians to hand these weapons over to the authorities as a means of building confidence in the State police and security institutions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":816, "Sentence":"Similarly, if there is a good working relationship between the police and the community, the police will more easily obtain information about weapons caches.In addition, UN police personnel may also provide support to the development of longer-term laws and procedures to manage the legitimate possession of weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities similarly good working relationship police community police easily obtain information weapon caches.in addition un police personnel may also provide support development longerterm law procedure manage legitimate possession weapon ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.3 Transitional weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"The role of transitional WAM in DDR processes is explained in IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM. UN police personnel can contribute to transitional WAM activities in a variety of ways, including by supporting and advising State police on the control of civilian-held weapons, and encouraging registration and handover procedures with the aim of establishing weapons-free zones and enhancing security. These measures can help to limit the recirculation of weapons diverted or illicitly retained by former combatants.Community-based policing can play an important role in strengthening weapons control initiatives. If community members have a certain degree of trust in police and security institutions, they may feel more comfortable engaging in activities related to transitional WAM. Similarly, if there is a good working relationship between the police and the community, the police will more easily obtain information about weapons caches.In addition, UN police personnel may also provide support to the development of longer-term laws and procedures to manage the legitimate possession of weapons. UN police personnel can then contribute to the verification, registration and tracing of the weapons held by citizens, offering advice on the security, handling and custody of these weapons, as well as encouraging civilians to hand these weapons over to the authorities as a means of building confidence in the State police and security institutions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":816, "Sentence":"UN police personnel can then contribute to the verification, registration and tracing of the weapons held by citizens, offering advice on the security, handling and custody of these weapons, as well as encouraging civilians to hand these weapons over to the authorities as a means of building confidence in the State police and security institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities un police personnel contribute verification registration tracing weapon held citizen offering advice security handling custody weapon well encouraging civilian hand weapon authority mean building confidence state police security institution ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.4 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"When DDR practitioners provide support to the mediation of local-level peace agreements, UN police personnel can orient these practitioners, and broader negotiating teams, to the most suitable entry channels in the community. To build confidence, UN police personnel can then assist and facilitate the introduction of negotiating teams and provide them with security that allows freedom of movement. UN police personnel can also be deployed to ensure that delegates on both sides of the negotiations are not subject to hostile actions during the discussions or when en route to the chosen venue for the negotiations. UN police personnel can also be used to obtain the commitment of community and religious leaders, representatives of women\u2019s and youth groups, and other relevant stakeholders in order to support the settlement of local disputes and encourage acceptance of a DDR process. When requested, UN police personnel can also give advice concerning the security portion of the agreement being discussed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":817, "Sentence":"When DDR practitioners provide support to the mediation of local-level peace agreements, UN police personnel can orient these practitioners, and broader negotiating teams, to the most suitable entry channels in the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities ddr practitioner provide support mediation locallevel peace agreement un police personnel orient practitioner broader negotiating team suitable entry channel community ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.4 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"When DDR practitioners provide support to the mediation of local-level peace agreements, UN police personnel can orient these practitioners, and broader negotiating teams, to the most suitable entry channels in the community. To build confidence, UN police personnel can then assist and facilitate the introduction of negotiating teams and provide them with security that allows freedom of movement. UN police personnel can also be deployed to ensure that delegates on both sides of the negotiations are not subject to hostile actions during the discussions or when en route to the chosen venue for the negotiations. UN police personnel can also be used to obtain the commitment of community and religious leaders, representatives of women\u2019s and youth groups, and other relevant stakeholders in order to support the settlement of local disputes and encourage acceptance of a DDR process. When requested, UN police personnel can also give advice concerning the security portion of the agreement being discussed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":817, "Sentence":"To build confidence, UN police personnel can then assist and facilitate the introduction of negotiating teams and provide them with security that allows freedom of movement.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities build confidence un police personnel assist facilitate introduction negotiating team provide security allows freedom movement ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.4 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"When DDR practitioners provide support to the mediation of local-level peace agreements, UN police personnel can orient these practitioners, and broader negotiating teams, to the most suitable entry channels in the community. To build confidence, UN police personnel can then assist and facilitate the introduction of negotiating teams and provide them with security that allows freedom of movement. UN police personnel can also be deployed to ensure that delegates on both sides of the negotiations are not subject to hostile actions during the discussions or when en route to the chosen venue for the negotiations. UN police personnel can also be used to obtain the commitment of community and religious leaders, representatives of women\u2019s and youth groups, and other relevant stakeholders in order to support the settlement of local disputes and encourage acceptance of a DDR process. When requested, UN police personnel can also give advice concerning the security portion of the agreement being discussed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":817, "Sentence":"UN police personnel can also be deployed to ensure that delegates on both sides of the negotiations are not subject to hostile actions during the discussions or when en route to the chosen venue for the negotiations.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities un police personnel also deployed ensure delegate side negotiation subject hostile action discussion en route chosen venue negotiation ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.4 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"When DDR practitioners provide support to the mediation of local-level peace agreements, UN police personnel can orient these practitioners, and broader negotiating teams, to the most suitable entry channels in the community. To build confidence, UN police personnel can then assist and facilitate the introduction of negotiating teams and provide them with security that allows freedom of movement. UN police personnel can also be deployed to ensure that delegates on both sides of the negotiations are not subject to hostile actions during the discussions or when en route to the chosen venue for the negotiations. UN police personnel can also be used to obtain the commitment of community and religious leaders, representatives of women\u2019s and youth groups, and other relevant stakeholders in order to support the settlement of local disputes and encourage acceptance of a DDR process. When requested, UN police personnel can also give advice concerning the security portion of the agreement being discussed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":817, "Sentence":"UN police personnel can also be used to obtain the commitment of community and religious leaders, representatives of women\u2019s and youth groups, and other relevant stakeholders in order to support the settlement of local disputes and encourage acceptance of a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities un police personnel also used obtain commitment community religious leader representative woman \u2019 youth group relevant stakeholder order support settlement local dispute encourage acceptance ddr process ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.4 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"When DDR practitioners provide support to the mediation of local-level peace agreements, UN police personnel can orient these practitioners, and broader negotiating teams, to the most suitable entry channels in the community. To build confidence, UN police personnel can then assist and facilitate the introduction of negotiating teams and provide them with security that allows freedom of movement. UN police personnel can also be deployed to ensure that delegates on both sides of the negotiations are not subject to hostile actions during the discussions or when en route to the chosen venue for the negotiations. UN police personnel can also be used to obtain the commitment of community and religious leaders, representatives of women\u2019s and youth groups, and other relevant stakeholders in order to support the settlement of local disputes and encourage acceptance of a DDR process. When requested, UN police personnel can also give advice concerning the security portion of the agreement being discussed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":817, "Sentence":"When requested, UN police personnel can also give advice concerning the security portion of the agreement being discussed.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities requested un police personnel also give advice concerning security portion agreement discussed ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR support to transitional security arrangements ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"When DDR practitioners support the creation of TSAs, UN police personnel can contribute to analyses of the overall security situation in the area of interest, the activities undertaken by criminal and armed groups (including any trends in these activities), and what type of TSA may be most useful and where (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Where required, UN police personnel can engage male and female community leaders to ensure that their expectations and experience are taken into account when tailoring particular TSAs. In addition, UN police personnel can oversee the general security and protection tasks undertaken by the armed forces and groups that are participating in TSAs in order to ensure that these activities are not being used as a cover for illicit activities or harassment of the population.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":818, "Sentence":"When DDR practitioners support the creation of TSAs, UN police personnel can contribute to analyses of the overall security situation in the area of interest, the activities undertaken by criminal and armed groups (including any trends in these activities), and what type of TSA may be most useful and where (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities ddr practitioner support creation tsa un police personnel contribute analysis overall security situation area interest activity undertaken criminal armed group including trend activity type tsa may useful see iddrs 2.20 politics ddr ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR support to transitional security arrangements ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"When DDR practitioners support the creation of TSAs, UN police personnel can contribute to analyses of the overall security situation in the area of interest, the activities undertaken by criminal and armed groups (including any trends in these activities), and what type of TSA may be most useful and where (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Where required, UN police personnel can engage male and female community leaders to ensure that their expectations and experience are taken into account when tailoring particular TSAs. In addition, UN police personnel can oversee the general security and protection tasks undertaken by the armed forces and groups that are participating in TSAs in order to ensure that these activities are not being used as a cover for illicit activities or harassment of the population.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":818, "Sentence":"Where required, UN police personnel can engage male and female community leaders to ensure that their expectations and experience are taken into account when tailoring particular TSAs.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities required un police personnel engage male female community leader ensure expectation experience taken account tailoring particular tsa ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.5 DDR support to transitional security arrangements ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"When DDR practitioners support the creation of TSAs, UN police personnel can contribute to analyses of the overall security situation in the area of interest, the activities undertaken by criminal and armed groups (including any trends in these activities), and what type of TSA may be most useful and where (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Where required, UN police personnel can engage male and female community leaders to ensure that their expectations and experience are taken into account when tailoring particular TSAs. In addition, UN police personnel can oversee the general security and protection tasks undertaken by the armed forces and groups that are participating in TSAs in order to ensure that these activities are not being used as a cover for illicit activities or harassment of the population.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":818, "Sentence":"In addition, UN police personnel can oversee the general security and protection tasks undertaken by the armed forces and groups that are participating in TSAs in order to ensure that these activities are not being used as a cover for illicit activities or harassment of the population.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities addition un police personnel oversee general security protection task undertaken armed force group participating tsa order ensure activity used cover illicit activity harassment population ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.6 Police support during reintegration into society", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Police can also play an important security role during reintegration. State police services should be supported to discharge community-policing functions during reintegration in accordance with international human rights law and principles. State police can play an important dissuasive role where ex-combatants may be at risk of using violent means to gain access to illegal income and livelihoods. They can also protect ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups who are reintegrating into society.Law and order disturbances may arise if the reintegration of these groups is inadequately supported, if grievances related to the conflict remain unresolved and in situations where ex- combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families are not necessarily welcomed by communities (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, UN police personnel can also assist in the monitoring and countering of efforts by armed groups to re-recruit demobilized combatants and\/or formerly associated persons.In particular, UN police personnel can disseminate messages discouraging the resort to arms among demobilized combatants and their families and protect these individuals from stigmatization and reprisals by community members or other armed groups yet to adhere to the DDR process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":819, "Sentence":"Police can also play an important security role during reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities police also play important security role reintegration ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.6 Police support during reintegration into society", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Police can also play an important security role during reintegration. State police services should be supported to discharge community-policing functions during reintegration in accordance with international human rights law and principles. State police can play an important dissuasive role where ex-combatants may be at risk of using violent means to gain access to illegal income and livelihoods. They can also protect ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups who are reintegrating into society.Law and order disturbances may arise if the reintegration of these groups is inadequately supported, if grievances related to the conflict remain unresolved and in situations where ex- combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families are not necessarily welcomed by communities (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, UN police personnel can also assist in the monitoring and countering of efforts by armed groups to re-recruit demobilized combatants and\/or formerly associated persons.In particular, UN police personnel can disseminate messages discouraging the resort to arms among demobilized combatants and their families and protect these individuals from stigmatization and reprisals by community members or other armed groups yet to adhere to the DDR process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":819, "Sentence":"State police services should be supported to discharge community-policing functions during reintegration in accordance with international human rights law and principles.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities state police service supported discharge communitypolicing function reintegration accordance international human right law principle ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.6 Police support during reintegration into society", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Police can also play an important security role during reintegration. State police services should be supported to discharge community-policing functions during reintegration in accordance with international human rights law and principles. State police can play an important dissuasive role where ex-combatants may be at risk of using violent means to gain access to illegal income and livelihoods. They can also protect ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups who are reintegrating into society.Law and order disturbances may arise if the reintegration of these groups is inadequately supported, if grievances related to the conflict remain unresolved and in situations where ex- combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families are not necessarily welcomed by communities (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, UN police personnel can also assist in the monitoring and countering of efforts by armed groups to re-recruit demobilized combatants and\/or formerly associated persons.In particular, UN police personnel can disseminate messages discouraging the resort to arms among demobilized combatants and their families and protect these individuals from stigmatization and reprisals by community members or other armed groups yet to adhere to the DDR process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":819, "Sentence":"State police can play an important dissuasive role where ex-combatants may be at risk of using violent means to gain access to illegal income and livelihoods.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities state police play important dissuasive role excombatants may risk using violent mean gain access illegal income livelihood ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.6 Police support during reintegration into society", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Police can also play an important security role during reintegration. State police services should be supported to discharge community-policing functions during reintegration in accordance with international human rights law and principles. State police can play an important dissuasive role where ex-combatants may be at risk of using violent means to gain access to illegal income and livelihoods. They can also protect ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups who are reintegrating into society.Law and order disturbances may arise if the reintegration of these groups is inadequately supported, if grievances related to the conflict remain unresolved and in situations where ex- combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families are not necessarily welcomed by communities (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, UN police personnel can also assist in the monitoring and countering of efforts by armed groups to re-recruit demobilized combatants and\/or formerly associated persons.In particular, UN police personnel can disseminate messages discouraging the resort to arms among demobilized combatants and their families and protect these individuals from stigmatization and reprisals by community members or other armed groups yet to adhere to the DDR process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":819, "Sentence":"They can also protect ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups who are reintegrating into society.Law and order disturbances may arise if the reintegration of these groups is inadequately supported, if grievances related to the conflict remain unresolved and in situations where ex- combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families are not necessarily welcomed by communities (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities also protect excombatants person formerly associated armed force group reintegrating society.law order disturbance may arise reintegration group inadequately supported grievance related conflict remain unresolved situation ex combatant person formerly associated armed force group family necessarily welcomed community see iddrs 4.30 reintegration ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.6 Police support during reintegration into society", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Police can also play an important security role during reintegration. State police services should be supported to discharge community-policing functions during reintegration in accordance with international human rights law and principles. State police can play an important dissuasive role where ex-combatants may be at risk of using violent means to gain access to illegal income and livelihoods. They can also protect ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups who are reintegrating into society.Law and order disturbances may arise if the reintegration of these groups is inadequately supported, if grievances related to the conflict remain unresolved and in situations where ex- combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and their families are not necessarily welcomed by communities (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, UN police personnel can also assist in the monitoring and countering of efforts by armed groups to re-recruit demobilized combatants and\/or formerly associated persons.In particular, UN police personnel can disseminate messages discouraging the resort to arms among demobilized combatants and their families and protect these individuals from stigmatization and reprisals by community members or other armed groups yet to adhere to the DDR process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":819, "Sentence":"Contingent on mandate and\/or deployment strength, UN police personnel can also assist in the monitoring and countering of efforts by armed groups to re-recruit demobilized combatants and\/or formerly associated persons.In particular, UN police personnel can disseminate messages discouraging the resort to arms among demobilized combatants and their families and protect these individuals from stigmatization and reprisals by community members or other armed groups yet to adhere to the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities contingent mandate and\/or deployment strength un police personnel also assist monitoring countering effort armed group rerecruit demobilized combatant and\/or formerly associated persons.in particular un police personnel disseminate message discouraging resort arm among demobilized combatant family protect individual stigmatization reprisal community member armed group yet adhere ddr process ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"8. Police reform and restructuring", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The establishment of an effective and professional police service is essential to the transformation of militarized societies into civilian ones. Often, the police service that existed previously will have been reduced in both its size and powers during the period of armed conflict, and many of its functions will have been taken over by a military apparatus with far greater resources. This serves to militarize the police, which is then comprised of personnel who may not have a specific police background and may operate without professional police capacities and attitudes. When States use the military in police functions, the distinction between maintaining internal order and external security becomes blurred, particularly because policing and public order control tend to be conducted with military techniques. At the same time, the general population will increasingly come to identify military forces as the primary security and order responder\/provider.As countries transition from war to peace, the State police service should be reformed and restructured and its role as the security service responsible for maintaining internal security and public order should be (re)established. The period during which the police assume overall responsibility for internal security can be challenging. There may, for example, be a lack of accountability for acts committed during the prior conflict and rivalry between the different institutions involved. In this context, the withdrawal of international peacekeeping forces \u2013 including the UN police component \u2013 should be carefully planned, and the speed and phasing of the withdrawal should be based on the ability of State security institutions to assume responsibility for the maintenance of security and public order.During the period of transition from war to peace, DDR processes are sometimes linked to the reform of the State police services, particularly through the integration of former members of armed groups into the police and other law enforcement institutions. For further information on this integration process, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":820, "Sentence":"The establishment of an effective and professional police service is essential to the transformation of militarized societies into civilian ones.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities establishment effective professional police service essential transformation militarized society civilian one ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"8. Police reform and restructuring", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The establishment of an effective and professional police service is essential to the transformation of militarized societies into civilian ones. Often, the police service that existed previously will have been reduced in both its size and powers during the period of armed conflict, and many of its functions will have been taken over by a military apparatus with far greater resources. This serves to militarize the police, which is then comprised of personnel who may not have a specific police background and may operate without professional police capacities and attitudes. When States use the military in police functions, the distinction between maintaining internal order and external security becomes blurred, particularly because policing and public order control tend to be conducted with military techniques. At the same time, the general population will increasingly come to identify military forces as the primary security and order responder\/provider.As countries transition from war to peace, the State police service should be reformed and restructured and its role as the security service responsible for maintaining internal security and public order should be (re)established. The period during which the police assume overall responsibility for internal security can be challenging. There may, for example, be a lack of accountability for acts committed during the prior conflict and rivalry between the different institutions involved. In this context, the withdrawal of international peacekeeping forces \u2013 including the UN police component \u2013 should be carefully planned, and the speed and phasing of the withdrawal should be based on the ability of State security institutions to assume responsibility for the maintenance of security and public order.During the period of transition from war to peace, DDR processes are sometimes linked to the reform of the State police services, particularly through the integration of former members of armed groups into the police and other law enforcement institutions. For further information on this integration process, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":820, "Sentence":"Often, the police service that existed previously will have been reduced in both its size and powers during the period of armed conflict, and many of its functions will have been taken over by a military apparatus with far greater resources.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities often police service existed previously reduced size power period armed conflict many function taken military apparatus far greater resource ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"8. Police reform and restructuring", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The establishment of an effective and professional police service is essential to the transformation of militarized societies into civilian ones. Often, the police service that existed previously will have been reduced in both its size and powers during the period of armed conflict, and many of its functions will have been taken over by a military apparatus with far greater resources. This serves to militarize the police, which is then comprised of personnel who may not have a specific police background and may operate without professional police capacities and attitudes. When States use the military in police functions, the distinction between maintaining internal order and external security becomes blurred, particularly because policing and public order control tend to be conducted with military techniques. At the same time, the general population will increasingly come to identify military forces as the primary security and order responder\/provider.As countries transition from war to peace, the State police service should be reformed and restructured and its role as the security service responsible for maintaining internal security and public order should be (re)established. The period during which the police assume overall responsibility for internal security can be challenging. There may, for example, be a lack of accountability for acts committed during the prior conflict and rivalry between the different institutions involved. In this context, the withdrawal of international peacekeeping forces \u2013 including the UN police component \u2013 should be carefully planned, and the speed and phasing of the withdrawal should be based on the ability of State security institutions to assume responsibility for the maintenance of security and public order.During the period of transition from war to peace, DDR processes are sometimes linked to the reform of the State police services, particularly through the integration of former members of armed groups into the police and other law enforcement institutions. For further information on this integration process, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":820, "Sentence":"This serves to militarize the police, which is then comprised of personnel who may not have a specific police background and may operate without professional police capacities and attitudes.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities serf militarize police comprised personnel may specific police background may operate without professional police capacity attitude ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"8. Police reform and restructuring", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The establishment of an effective and professional police service is essential to the transformation of militarized societies into civilian ones. Often, the police service that existed previously will have been reduced in both its size and powers during the period of armed conflict, and many of its functions will have been taken over by a military apparatus with far greater resources. This serves to militarize the police, which is then comprised of personnel who may not have a specific police background and may operate without professional police capacities and attitudes. When States use the military in police functions, the distinction between maintaining internal order and external security becomes blurred, particularly because policing and public order control tend to be conducted with military techniques. At the same time, the general population will increasingly come to identify military forces as the primary security and order responder\/provider.As countries transition from war to peace, the State police service should be reformed and restructured and its role as the security service responsible for maintaining internal security and public order should be (re)established. The period during which the police assume overall responsibility for internal security can be challenging. There may, for example, be a lack of accountability for acts committed during the prior conflict and rivalry between the different institutions involved. In this context, the withdrawal of international peacekeeping forces \u2013 including the UN police component \u2013 should be carefully planned, and the speed and phasing of the withdrawal should be based on the ability of State security institutions to assume responsibility for the maintenance of security and public order.During the period of transition from war to peace, DDR processes are sometimes linked to the reform of the State police services, particularly through the integration of former members of armed groups into the police and other law enforcement institutions. For further information on this integration process, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":820, "Sentence":"When States use the military in police functions, the distinction between maintaining internal order and external security becomes blurred, particularly because policing and public order control tend to be conducted with military techniques.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities state use military police function distinction maintaining internal order external security becomes blurred particularly policing public order control tend conducted military technique ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"8. Police reform and restructuring", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The establishment of an effective and professional police service is essential to the transformation of militarized societies into civilian ones. Often, the police service that existed previously will have been reduced in both its size and powers during the period of armed conflict, and many of its functions will have been taken over by a military apparatus with far greater resources. This serves to militarize the police, which is then comprised of personnel who may not have a specific police background and may operate without professional police capacities and attitudes. When States use the military in police functions, the distinction between maintaining internal order and external security becomes blurred, particularly because policing and public order control tend to be conducted with military techniques. At the same time, the general population will increasingly come to identify military forces as the primary security and order responder\/provider.As countries transition from war to peace, the State police service should be reformed and restructured and its role as the security service responsible for maintaining internal security and public order should be (re)established. The period during which the police assume overall responsibility for internal security can be challenging. There may, for example, be a lack of accountability for acts committed during the prior conflict and rivalry between the different institutions involved. In this context, the withdrawal of international peacekeeping forces \u2013 including the UN police component \u2013 should be carefully planned, and the speed and phasing of the withdrawal should be based on the ability of State security institutions to assume responsibility for the maintenance of security and public order.During the period of transition from war to peace, DDR processes are sometimes linked to the reform of the State police services, particularly through the integration of former members of armed groups into the police and other law enforcement institutions. For further information on this integration process, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":820, "Sentence":"At the same time, the general population will increasingly come to identify military forces as the primary security and order responder\/provider.As countries transition from war to peace, the State police service should be reformed and restructured and its role as the security service responsible for maintaining internal security and public order should be (re)established.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities time general population increasingly come identify military force primary security order responder\/provider.as country transition war peace state police service reformed restructured role security service responsible maintaining internal security public order reestablished ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"8. Police reform and restructuring", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The establishment of an effective and professional police service is essential to the transformation of militarized societies into civilian ones. Often, the police service that existed previously will have been reduced in both its size and powers during the period of armed conflict, and many of its functions will have been taken over by a military apparatus with far greater resources. This serves to militarize the police, which is then comprised of personnel who may not have a specific police background and may operate without professional police capacities and attitudes. When States use the military in police functions, the distinction between maintaining internal order and external security becomes blurred, particularly because policing and public order control tend to be conducted with military techniques. At the same time, the general population will increasingly come to identify military forces as the primary security and order responder\/provider.As countries transition from war to peace, the State police service should be reformed and restructured and its role as the security service responsible for maintaining internal security and public order should be (re)established. The period during which the police assume overall responsibility for internal security can be challenging. There may, for example, be a lack of accountability for acts committed during the prior conflict and rivalry between the different institutions involved. In this context, the withdrawal of international peacekeeping forces \u2013 including the UN police component \u2013 should be carefully planned, and the speed and phasing of the withdrawal should be based on the ability of State security institutions to assume responsibility for the maintenance of security and public order.During the period of transition from war to peace, DDR processes are sometimes linked to the reform of the State police services, particularly through the integration of former members of armed groups into the police and other law enforcement institutions. For further information on this integration process, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":820, "Sentence":"The period during which the police assume overall responsibility for internal security can be challenging.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities period police assume overall responsibility internal security challenging ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"8. Police reform and restructuring", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The establishment of an effective and professional police service is essential to the transformation of militarized societies into civilian ones. Often, the police service that existed previously will have been reduced in both its size and powers during the period of armed conflict, and many of its functions will have been taken over by a military apparatus with far greater resources. This serves to militarize the police, which is then comprised of personnel who may not have a specific police background and may operate without professional police capacities and attitudes. When States use the military in police functions, the distinction between maintaining internal order and external security becomes blurred, particularly because policing and public order control tend to be conducted with military techniques. At the same time, the general population will increasingly come to identify military forces as the primary security and order responder\/provider.As countries transition from war to peace, the State police service should be reformed and restructured and its role as the security service responsible for maintaining internal security and public order should be (re)established. The period during which the police assume overall responsibility for internal security can be challenging. There may, for example, be a lack of accountability for acts committed during the prior conflict and rivalry between the different institutions involved. In this context, the withdrawal of international peacekeeping forces \u2013 including the UN police component \u2013 should be carefully planned, and the speed and phasing of the withdrawal should be based on the ability of State security institutions to assume responsibility for the maintenance of security and public order.During the period of transition from war to peace, DDR processes are sometimes linked to the reform of the State police services, particularly through the integration of former members of armed groups into the police and other law enforcement institutions. For further information on this integration process, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":820, "Sentence":"There may, for example, be a lack of accountability for acts committed during the prior conflict and rivalry between the different institutions involved.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities may example lack accountability act committed prior conflict rivalry different institution involved ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"8. Police reform and restructuring", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The establishment of an effective and professional police service is essential to the transformation of militarized societies into civilian ones. Often, the police service that existed previously will have been reduced in both its size and powers during the period of armed conflict, and many of its functions will have been taken over by a military apparatus with far greater resources. This serves to militarize the police, which is then comprised of personnel who may not have a specific police background and may operate without professional police capacities and attitudes. When States use the military in police functions, the distinction between maintaining internal order and external security becomes blurred, particularly because policing and public order control tend to be conducted with military techniques. At the same time, the general population will increasingly come to identify military forces as the primary security and order responder\/provider.As countries transition from war to peace, the State police service should be reformed and restructured and its role as the security service responsible for maintaining internal security and public order should be (re)established. The period during which the police assume overall responsibility for internal security can be challenging. There may, for example, be a lack of accountability for acts committed during the prior conflict and rivalry between the different institutions involved. In this context, the withdrawal of international peacekeeping forces \u2013 including the UN police component \u2013 should be carefully planned, and the speed and phasing of the withdrawal should be based on the ability of State security institutions to assume responsibility for the maintenance of security and public order.During the period of transition from war to peace, DDR processes are sometimes linked to the reform of the State police services, particularly through the integration of former members of armed groups into the police and other law enforcement institutions. For further information on this integration process, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":820, "Sentence":"In this context, the withdrawal of international peacekeeping forces \u2013 including the UN police component \u2013 should be carefully planned, and the speed and phasing of the withdrawal should be based on the ability of State security institutions to assume responsibility for the maintenance of security and public order.During the period of transition from war to peace, DDR processes are sometimes linked to the reform of the State police services, particularly through the integration of former members of armed groups into the police and other law enforcement institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities context withdrawal international peacekeeping force \u2013 including un police component \u2013 carefully planned speed phasing withdrawal based ability state security institution assume responsibility maintenance security public order.during period transition war peace ddr process sometimes linked reform state police service particularly integration former member armed group police law enforcement institution ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"8. Police reform and restructuring", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The establishment of an effective and professional police service is essential to the transformation of militarized societies into civilian ones. Often, the police service that existed previously will have been reduced in both its size and powers during the period of armed conflict, and many of its functions will have been taken over by a military apparatus with far greater resources. This serves to militarize the police, which is then comprised of personnel who may not have a specific police background and may operate without professional police capacities and attitudes. When States use the military in police functions, the distinction between maintaining internal order and external security becomes blurred, particularly because policing and public order control tend to be conducted with military techniques. At the same time, the general population will increasingly come to identify military forces as the primary security and order responder\/provider.As countries transition from war to peace, the State police service should be reformed and restructured and its role as the security service responsible for maintaining internal security and public order should be (re)established. The period during which the police assume overall responsibility for internal security can be challenging. There may, for example, be a lack of accountability for acts committed during the prior conflict and rivalry between the different institutions involved. In this context, the withdrawal of international peacekeeping forces \u2013 including the UN police component \u2013 should be carefully planned, and the speed and phasing of the withdrawal should be based on the ability of State security institutions to assume responsibility for the maintenance of security and public order.During the period of transition from war to peace, DDR processes are sometimes linked to the reform of the State police services, particularly through the integration of former members of armed groups into the police and other law enforcement institutions. For further information on this integration process, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":820, "Sentence":"For further information on this integration process, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities information integration process see iddrs 6.10 ddr security sector reform ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"1 See https:\/\/elearning.un.org\/CONT\/GEN\/CS\/UNHR_V3\/Module_01\/story_content\/external_files\/4.11_H RDDP%20Guidance%20Note%202015.pdf \\n 2 See also DPKO-DFS Policy on United Nations Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions, Ref. 2014.01, and DPKO-DFS Guidelines on Police Operations in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions, Ref. 2015.15.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":821, "Sentence":"1 See https:\/\/elearning.un.org\/CONT\/GEN\/CS\/UNHR_V3\/Module_01\/story_content\/external_files\/4.11_H RDDP%20Guidance%20Note%202015.pdf \\n 2 See also DPKO-DFS Policy on United Nations Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions, Ref.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities 1 see https\/\/elearning.un.org\/cont\/gen\/cs\/unhrv3\/module01\/storycontent\/externalfiles\/4.11h rddp20guidance20note202015.pdf n 2 see also dpkodfs policy united nation police peacekeeping operation special political mission ref ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"1 See https:\/\/elearning.un.org\/CONT\/GEN\/CS\/UNHR_V3\/Module_01\/story_content\/external_files\/4.11_H RDDP%20Guidance%20Note%202015.pdf \\n 2 See also DPKO-DFS Policy on United Nations Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions, Ref. 2014.01, and DPKO-DFS Guidelines on Police Operations in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions, Ref. 2015.15.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":821, "Sentence":"2014.01, and DPKO-DFS Guidelines on Police Operations in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions, Ref.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities 2014.01 dpkodfs guideline police operation united nation peacekeeping operation special political mission ref ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.50-Police-Roles-and-Responsibilities", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Police Roles and Responsibilities", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"1 See https:\/\/elearning.un.org\/CONT\/GEN\/CS\/UNHR_V3\/Module_01\/story_content\/external_files\/4.11_H RDDP%20Guidance%20Note%202015.pdf \\n 2 See also DPKO-DFS Policy on United Nations Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions, Ref. 2014.01, and DPKO-DFS Guidelines on Police Operations in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions, Ref. 2015.15.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":821, "Sentence":"2015.15.", "ProcessedSent":"Police Roles and Responsibilities 2015.15 ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration is a particular complex part of DDR. Ex-combatants and those previously associated with armed forces and groups are finally cut loose from structures and processes that are familiar to them. In some contexts, they re-enter societies that may be equally unfamiliar and that have often been significantly transformed by conflict.A key challenge that faces former combatants and associated groups is that it may be impossible for them to reintegrate in the area of origin. Their limited skills may have more relevance and market-value in urban settings, which are also likely to be unable to absorb them. In the worst cases, places from which ex-combatants came may no longer exist after a war, or ex-combatants may have been with armed forces and groups that committed atrocities in or near their own communities and may not be able to return home.Family and community support is essential for the successful reintegration of ex-com- batants and associated groups, but their presence may make worse the real or perceived vulnerability of local populations, which have neither the capacity nor the desire to assist a \u2018lost generation\u2019 with little education, employment or training, war trauma, and a high militarized view of the world. Unsupported former combatants can be a major threat to the security of communities because of their lack of skills or assets and their tendency to rely on violence to get what they want.Ex-combatants and associated groups will usually need specifically designed, sus- tainable support to help them with their transition from military to civilian life. Yet the United Nations (UN) must also ensure that such support does not mean that other war-af- fected groups are treated unfairly or resentment is caused within the wider community. The reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups must therefore be part of wider recovery strategies for all war-affected populations. Reintegration programmes should aim to build local and national capacities to manage the process in the long-term, as rein- tegration increasingly turns into reconstruction and development.This module recognizes that reintegration challenges are multidimensional, rang- ing from creating micro-enterprises and providing education and training, through to preparing receiving communities for the return of ex-combatants and associated groups, dealing with the psychosocial effects of war, ensuring ex-combatants also enjoy their civil and political rights, and meeting the specific needs of different groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":822, "Sentence":"Successful reintegration is a particular complex part of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration successful reintegration particular complex part ddr ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration is a particular complex part of DDR. Ex-combatants and those previously associated with armed forces and groups are finally cut loose from structures and processes that are familiar to them. In some contexts, they re-enter societies that may be equally unfamiliar and that have often been significantly transformed by conflict.A key challenge that faces former combatants and associated groups is that it may be impossible for them to reintegrate in the area of origin. Their limited skills may have more relevance and market-value in urban settings, which are also likely to be unable to absorb them. In the worst cases, places from which ex-combatants came may no longer exist after a war, or ex-combatants may have been with armed forces and groups that committed atrocities in or near their own communities and may not be able to return home.Family and community support is essential for the successful reintegration of ex-com- batants and associated groups, but their presence may make worse the real or perceived vulnerability of local populations, which have neither the capacity nor the desire to assist a \u2018lost generation\u2019 with little education, employment or training, war trauma, and a high militarized view of the world. Unsupported former combatants can be a major threat to the security of communities because of their lack of skills or assets and their tendency to rely on violence to get what they want.Ex-combatants and associated groups will usually need specifically designed, sus- tainable support to help them with their transition from military to civilian life. Yet the United Nations (UN) must also ensure that such support does not mean that other war-af- fected groups are treated unfairly or resentment is caused within the wider community. The reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups must therefore be part of wider recovery strategies for all war-affected populations. Reintegration programmes should aim to build local and national capacities to manage the process in the long-term, as rein- tegration increasingly turns into reconstruction and development.This module recognizes that reintegration challenges are multidimensional, rang- ing from creating micro-enterprises and providing education and training, through to preparing receiving communities for the return of ex-combatants and associated groups, dealing with the psychosocial effects of war, ensuring ex-combatants also enjoy their civil and political rights, and meeting the specific needs of different groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":822, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants and those previously associated with armed forces and groups are finally cut loose from structures and processes that are familiar to them.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration excombatants previously associated armed force group finally cut loose structure process familiar ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration is a particular complex part of DDR. Ex-combatants and those previously associated with armed forces and groups are finally cut loose from structures and processes that are familiar to them. In some contexts, they re-enter societies that may be equally unfamiliar and that have often been significantly transformed by conflict.A key challenge that faces former combatants and associated groups is that it may be impossible for them to reintegrate in the area of origin. Their limited skills may have more relevance and market-value in urban settings, which are also likely to be unable to absorb them. In the worst cases, places from which ex-combatants came may no longer exist after a war, or ex-combatants may have been with armed forces and groups that committed atrocities in or near their own communities and may not be able to return home.Family and community support is essential for the successful reintegration of ex-com- batants and associated groups, but their presence may make worse the real or perceived vulnerability of local populations, which have neither the capacity nor the desire to assist a \u2018lost generation\u2019 with little education, employment or training, war trauma, and a high militarized view of the world. Unsupported former combatants can be a major threat to the security of communities because of their lack of skills or assets and their tendency to rely on violence to get what they want.Ex-combatants and associated groups will usually need specifically designed, sus- tainable support to help them with their transition from military to civilian life. Yet the United Nations (UN) must also ensure that such support does not mean that other war-af- fected groups are treated unfairly or resentment is caused within the wider community. The reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups must therefore be part of wider recovery strategies for all war-affected populations. Reintegration programmes should aim to build local and national capacities to manage the process in the long-term, as rein- tegration increasingly turns into reconstruction and development.This module recognizes that reintegration challenges are multidimensional, rang- ing from creating micro-enterprises and providing education and training, through to preparing receiving communities for the return of ex-combatants and associated groups, dealing with the psychosocial effects of war, ensuring ex-combatants also enjoy their civil and political rights, and meeting the specific needs of different groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":822, "Sentence":"In some contexts, they re-enter societies that may be equally unfamiliar and that have often been significantly transformed by conflict.A key challenge that faces former combatants and associated groups is that it may be impossible for them to reintegrate in the area of origin.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration context reenter society may equally unfamiliar often significantly transformed conflict.a key challenge face former combatant associated group may impossible reintegrate area origin ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration is a particular complex part of DDR. Ex-combatants and those previously associated with armed forces and groups are finally cut loose from structures and processes that are familiar to them. In some contexts, they re-enter societies that may be equally unfamiliar and that have often been significantly transformed by conflict.A key challenge that faces former combatants and associated groups is that it may be impossible for them to reintegrate in the area of origin. Their limited skills may have more relevance and market-value in urban settings, which are also likely to be unable to absorb them. In the worst cases, places from which ex-combatants came may no longer exist after a war, or ex-combatants may have been with armed forces and groups that committed atrocities in or near their own communities and may not be able to return home.Family and community support is essential for the successful reintegration of ex-com- batants and associated groups, but their presence may make worse the real or perceived vulnerability of local populations, which have neither the capacity nor the desire to assist a \u2018lost generation\u2019 with little education, employment or training, war trauma, and a high militarized view of the world. Unsupported former combatants can be a major threat to the security of communities because of their lack of skills or assets and their tendency to rely on violence to get what they want.Ex-combatants and associated groups will usually need specifically designed, sus- tainable support to help them with their transition from military to civilian life. Yet the United Nations (UN) must also ensure that such support does not mean that other war-af- fected groups are treated unfairly or resentment is caused within the wider community. The reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups must therefore be part of wider recovery strategies for all war-affected populations. Reintegration programmes should aim to build local and national capacities to manage the process in the long-term, as rein- tegration increasingly turns into reconstruction and development.This module recognizes that reintegration challenges are multidimensional, rang- ing from creating micro-enterprises and providing education and training, through to preparing receiving communities for the return of ex-combatants and associated groups, dealing with the psychosocial effects of war, ensuring ex-combatants also enjoy their civil and political rights, and meeting the specific needs of different groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":822, "Sentence":"Their limited skills may have more relevance and market-value in urban settings, which are also likely to be unable to absorb them.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration limited skill may relevance marketvalue urban setting also likely unable absorb ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration is a particular complex part of DDR. Ex-combatants and those previously associated with armed forces and groups are finally cut loose from structures and processes that are familiar to them. In some contexts, they re-enter societies that may be equally unfamiliar and that have often been significantly transformed by conflict.A key challenge that faces former combatants and associated groups is that it may be impossible for them to reintegrate in the area of origin. Their limited skills may have more relevance and market-value in urban settings, which are also likely to be unable to absorb them. In the worst cases, places from which ex-combatants came may no longer exist after a war, or ex-combatants may have been with armed forces and groups that committed atrocities in or near their own communities and may not be able to return home.Family and community support is essential for the successful reintegration of ex-com- batants and associated groups, but their presence may make worse the real or perceived vulnerability of local populations, which have neither the capacity nor the desire to assist a \u2018lost generation\u2019 with little education, employment or training, war trauma, and a high militarized view of the world. Unsupported former combatants can be a major threat to the security of communities because of their lack of skills or assets and their tendency to rely on violence to get what they want.Ex-combatants and associated groups will usually need specifically designed, sus- tainable support to help them with their transition from military to civilian life. Yet the United Nations (UN) must also ensure that such support does not mean that other war-af- fected groups are treated unfairly or resentment is caused within the wider community. The reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups must therefore be part of wider recovery strategies for all war-affected populations. Reintegration programmes should aim to build local and national capacities to manage the process in the long-term, as rein- tegration increasingly turns into reconstruction and development.This module recognizes that reintegration challenges are multidimensional, rang- ing from creating micro-enterprises and providing education and training, through to preparing receiving communities for the return of ex-combatants and associated groups, dealing with the psychosocial effects of war, ensuring ex-combatants also enjoy their civil and political rights, and meeting the specific needs of different groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":822, "Sentence":"In the worst cases, places from which ex-combatants came may no longer exist after a war, or ex-combatants may have been with armed forces and groups that committed atrocities in or near their own communities and may not be able to return home.Family and community support is essential for the successful reintegration of ex-com- batants and associated groups, but their presence may make worse the real or perceived vulnerability of local populations, which have neither the capacity nor the desire to assist a \u2018lost generation\u2019 with little education, employment or training, war trauma, and a high militarized view of the world.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration worst case place excombatants came may longer exist war excombatants may armed force group committed atrocity near community may able return home.family community support essential successful reintegration excom batants associated group presence may make worse real perceived vulnerability local population neither capacity desire assist \u2018 lost generation \u2019 little education employment training war trauma high militarized view world ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration is a particular complex part of DDR. Ex-combatants and those previously associated with armed forces and groups are finally cut loose from structures and processes that are familiar to them. In some contexts, they re-enter societies that may be equally unfamiliar and that have often been significantly transformed by conflict.A key challenge that faces former combatants and associated groups is that it may be impossible for them to reintegrate in the area of origin. Their limited skills may have more relevance and market-value in urban settings, which are also likely to be unable to absorb them. In the worst cases, places from which ex-combatants came may no longer exist after a war, or ex-combatants may have been with armed forces and groups that committed atrocities in or near their own communities and may not be able to return home.Family and community support is essential for the successful reintegration of ex-com- batants and associated groups, but their presence may make worse the real or perceived vulnerability of local populations, which have neither the capacity nor the desire to assist a \u2018lost generation\u2019 with little education, employment or training, war trauma, and a high militarized view of the world. Unsupported former combatants can be a major threat to the security of communities because of their lack of skills or assets and their tendency to rely on violence to get what they want.Ex-combatants and associated groups will usually need specifically designed, sus- tainable support to help them with their transition from military to civilian life. Yet the United Nations (UN) must also ensure that such support does not mean that other war-af- fected groups are treated unfairly or resentment is caused within the wider community. The reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups must therefore be part of wider recovery strategies for all war-affected populations. Reintegration programmes should aim to build local and national capacities to manage the process in the long-term, as rein- tegration increasingly turns into reconstruction and development.This module recognizes that reintegration challenges are multidimensional, rang- ing from creating micro-enterprises and providing education and training, through to preparing receiving communities for the return of ex-combatants and associated groups, dealing with the psychosocial effects of war, ensuring ex-combatants also enjoy their civil and political rights, and meeting the specific needs of different groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":822, "Sentence":"Unsupported former combatants can be a major threat to the security of communities because of their lack of skills or assets and their tendency to rely on violence to get what they want.Ex-combatants and associated groups will usually need specifically designed, sus- tainable support to help them with their transition from military to civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration unsupported former combatant major threat security community lack skill asset tendency rely violence get want.excombatants associated group usually need specifically designed sus tainable support help transition military civilian life ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration is a particular complex part of DDR. Ex-combatants and those previously associated with armed forces and groups are finally cut loose from structures and processes that are familiar to them. In some contexts, they re-enter societies that may be equally unfamiliar and that have often been significantly transformed by conflict.A key challenge that faces former combatants and associated groups is that it may be impossible for them to reintegrate in the area of origin. Their limited skills may have more relevance and market-value in urban settings, which are also likely to be unable to absorb them. In the worst cases, places from which ex-combatants came may no longer exist after a war, or ex-combatants may have been with armed forces and groups that committed atrocities in or near their own communities and may not be able to return home.Family and community support is essential for the successful reintegration of ex-com- batants and associated groups, but their presence may make worse the real or perceived vulnerability of local populations, which have neither the capacity nor the desire to assist a \u2018lost generation\u2019 with little education, employment or training, war trauma, and a high militarized view of the world. Unsupported former combatants can be a major threat to the security of communities because of their lack of skills or assets and their tendency to rely on violence to get what they want.Ex-combatants and associated groups will usually need specifically designed, sus- tainable support to help them with their transition from military to civilian life. Yet the United Nations (UN) must also ensure that such support does not mean that other war-af- fected groups are treated unfairly or resentment is caused within the wider community. The reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups must therefore be part of wider recovery strategies for all war-affected populations. Reintegration programmes should aim to build local and national capacities to manage the process in the long-term, as rein- tegration increasingly turns into reconstruction and development.This module recognizes that reintegration challenges are multidimensional, rang- ing from creating micro-enterprises and providing education and training, through to preparing receiving communities for the return of ex-combatants and associated groups, dealing with the psychosocial effects of war, ensuring ex-combatants also enjoy their civil and political rights, and meeting the specific needs of different groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":822, "Sentence":"Yet the United Nations (UN) must also ensure that such support does not mean that other war-af- fected groups are treated unfairly or resentment is caused within the wider community.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration yet united nation un must also ensure support mean waraf fected group treated unfairly resentment caused within wider community ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration is a particular complex part of DDR. Ex-combatants and those previously associated with armed forces and groups are finally cut loose from structures and processes that are familiar to them. In some contexts, they re-enter societies that may be equally unfamiliar and that have often been significantly transformed by conflict.A key challenge that faces former combatants and associated groups is that it may be impossible for them to reintegrate in the area of origin. Their limited skills may have more relevance and market-value in urban settings, which are also likely to be unable to absorb them. In the worst cases, places from which ex-combatants came may no longer exist after a war, or ex-combatants may have been with armed forces and groups that committed atrocities in or near their own communities and may not be able to return home.Family and community support is essential for the successful reintegration of ex-com- batants and associated groups, but their presence may make worse the real or perceived vulnerability of local populations, which have neither the capacity nor the desire to assist a \u2018lost generation\u2019 with little education, employment or training, war trauma, and a high militarized view of the world. Unsupported former combatants can be a major threat to the security of communities because of their lack of skills or assets and their tendency to rely on violence to get what they want.Ex-combatants and associated groups will usually need specifically designed, sus- tainable support to help them with their transition from military to civilian life. Yet the United Nations (UN) must also ensure that such support does not mean that other war-af- fected groups are treated unfairly or resentment is caused within the wider community. The reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups must therefore be part of wider recovery strategies for all war-affected populations. Reintegration programmes should aim to build local and national capacities to manage the process in the long-term, as rein- tegration increasingly turns into reconstruction and development.This module recognizes that reintegration challenges are multidimensional, rang- ing from creating micro-enterprises and providing education and training, through to preparing receiving communities for the return of ex-combatants and associated groups, dealing with the psychosocial effects of war, ensuring ex-combatants also enjoy their civil and political rights, and meeting the specific needs of different groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":822, "Sentence":"The reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups must therefore be part of wider recovery strategies for all war-affected populations.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration excombatants associated group must therefore part wider recovery strategy waraffected population ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration is a particular complex part of DDR. Ex-combatants and those previously associated with armed forces and groups are finally cut loose from structures and processes that are familiar to them. In some contexts, they re-enter societies that may be equally unfamiliar and that have often been significantly transformed by conflict.A key challenge that faces former combatants and associated groups is that it may be impossible for them to reintegrate in the area of origin. Their limited skills may have more relevance and market-value in urban settings, which are also likely to be unable to absorb them. In the worst cases, places from which ex-combatants came may no longer exist after a war, or ex-combatants may have been with armed forces and groups that committed atrocities in or near their own communities and may not be able to return home.Family and community support is essential for the successful reintegration of ex-com- batants and associated groups, but their presence may make worse the real or perceived vulnerability of local populations, which have neither the capacity nor the desire to assist a \u2018lost generation\u2019 with little education, employment or training, war trauma, and a high militarized view of the world. Unsupported former combatants can be a major threat to the security of communities because of their lack of skills or assets and their tendency to rely on violence to get what they want.Ex-combatants and associated groups will usually need specifically designed, sus- tainable support to help them with their transition from military to civilian life. Yet the United Nations (UN) must also ensure that such support does not mean that other war-af- fected groups are treated unfairly or resentment is caused within the wider community. The reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups must therefore be part of wider recovery strategies for all war-affected populations. Reintegration programmes should aim to build local and national capacities to manage the process in the long-term, as rein- tegration increasingly turns into reconstruction and development.This module recognizes that reintegration challenges are multidimensional, rang- ing from creating micro-enterprises and providing education and training, through to preparing receiving communities for the return of ex-combatants and associated groups, dealing with the psychosocial effects of war, ensuring ex-combatants also enjoy their civil and political rights, and meeting the specific needs of different groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":822, "Sentence":"Reintegration programmes should aim to build local and national capacities to manage the process in the long-term, as rein- tegration increasingly turns into reconstruction and development.This module recognizes that reintegration challenges are multidimensional, rang- ing from creating micro-enterprises and providing education and training, through to preparing receiving communities for the return of ex-combatants and associated groups, dealing with the psychosocial effects of war, ensuring ex-combatants also enjoy their civil and political rights, and meeting the specific needs of different groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration programme aim build local national capacity manage process longterm rein tegration increasingly turn reconstruction development.this module recognizes reintegration challenge multidimensional rang ing creating microenterprises providing education training preparing receiving community return excombatants associated group dealing psychosocial effect war ensuring excombatants also enjoy civil political right meeting specific need different group ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The objective of this module is to provide DDR planners and practitioners with an over- view of the issues that need to be taken into account when planning, designing and implementing a reintegration programme, in addition to offering practical guidance on how to successfully deal with any challenges that may arise. Given the complexity of reintegration, and the need for context-specific programmes, the guidance offered here is less prescriptive than in some other modules of the IDDRS. Following discussion of the approaches to reintegration and guidance on programme planning and design, the key components of a reintegration programme are outlined and discussed, from economic, social\/psychosocial, and political perspectives. Finally, the module identifies linkages between reintegration and the wider recovery\/peacebuilding frameworks.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":823, "Sentence":"The objective of this module is to provide DDR planners and practitioners with an over- view of the issues that need to be taken into account when planning, designing and implementing a reintegration programme, in addition to offering practical guidance on how to successfully deal with any challenges that may arise.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration objective module provide ddr planner practitioner view issue need taken account planning designing implementing reintegration programme addition offering practical guidance successfully deal challenge may arise ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The objective of this module is to provide DDR planners and practitioners with an over- view of the issues that need to be taken into account when planning, designing and implementing a reintegration programme, in addition to offering practical guidance on how to successfully deal with any challenges that may arise. Given the complexity of reintegration, and the need for context-specific programmes, the guidance offered here is less prescriptive than in some other modules of the IDDRS. Following discussion of the approaches to reintegration and guidance on programme planning and design, the key components of a reintegration programme are outlined and discussed, from economic, social\/psychosocial, and political perspectives. Finally, the module identifies linkages between reintegration and the wider recovery\/peacebuilding frameworks.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":823, "Sentence":"Given the complexity of reintegration, and the need for context-specific programmes, the guidance offered here is less prescriptive than in some other modules of the IDDRS.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration given complexity reintegration need contextspecific programme guidance offered le prescriptive module iddrs ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The objective of this module is to provide DDR planners and practitioners with an over- view of the issues that need to be taken into account when planning, designing and implementing a reintegration programme, in addition to offering practical guidance on how to successfully deal with any challenges that may arise. Given the complexity of reintegration, and the need for context-specific programmes, the guidance offered here is less prescriptive than in some other modules of the IDDRS. Following discussion of the approaches to reintegration and guidance on programme planning and design, the key components of a reintegration programme are outlined and discussed, from economic, social\/psychosocial, and political perspectives. Finally, the module identifies linkages between reintegration and the wider recovery\/peacebuilding frameworks.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":823, "Sentence":"Following discussion of the approaches to reintegration and guidance on programme planning and design, the key components of a reintegration programme are outlined and discussed, from economic, social\/psychosocial, and political perspectives.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration following discussion approach reintegration guidance programme planning design key component reintegration programme outlined discussed economic social\/psychosocial political perspective ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The objective of this module is to provide DDR planners and practitioners with an over- view of the issues that need to be taken into account when planning, designing and implementing a reintegration programme, in addition to offering practical guidance on how to successfully deal with any challenges that may arise. Given the complexity of reintegration, and the need for context-specific programmes, the guidance offered here is less prescriptive than in some other modules of the IDDRS. Following discussion of the approaches to reintegration and guidance on programme planning and design, the key components of a reintegration programme are outlined and discussed, from economic, social\/psychosocial, and political perspectives. Finally, the module identifies linkages between reintegration and the wider recovery\/peacebuilding frameworks.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":823, "Sentence":"Finally, the module identifies linkages between reintegration and the wider recovery\/peacebuilding frameworks.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration finally module identifies linkage reintegration wider recovery\/peacebuilding framework ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of definitions used in this Reintegration standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201da) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dDEFINING \u2018REINTEGRATION\u2019 \\n In the Note by the Secretary-General dated 24 May 2005, reintegration is defined as, \u201cthe process by which ex-com- batants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open timeframe, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility, and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\u201d \\n Recognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 Note, the Third Report of the Secretary-General on DDR (2011) includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes,\u201d including interventions, such as psychosocial support, mental health counseling and clinical treatment and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice, participation in political processes. \\n Additionally, it emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the indi- vidual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201d \\n Note by the Secretary-General on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations, 24 May 2005 (A\/C.5\/59\/31); Third report of the Secretary-General on Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741)", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":824, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of definitions used in this Reintegration standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration annex contains list definition used reintegration standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of definitions used in this Reintegration standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201da) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dDEFINING \u2018REINTEGRATION\u2019 \\n In the Note by the Secretary-General dated 24 May 2005, reintegration is defined as, \u201cthe process by which ex-com- batants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open timeframe, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility, and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\u201d \\n Recognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 Note, the Third Report of the Secretary-General on DDR (2011) includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes,\u201d including interventions, such as psychosocial support, mental health counseling and clinical treatment and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice, participation in political processes. \\n Additionally, it emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the indi- vidual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201d \\n Note by the Secretary-General on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations, 24 May 2005 (A\/C.5\/59\/31); Third report of the Secretary-General on Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741)", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":824, "Sentence":"A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration complete glossary term definition abbreviation used series integrated ddr standard iddrs given iddrs 1.20.in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of definitions used in this Reintegration standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201da) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dDEFINING \u2018REINTEGRATION\u2019 \\n In the Note by the Secretary-General dated 24 May 2005, reintegration is defined as, \u201cthe process by which ex-com- batants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open timeframe, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility, and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\u201d \\n Recognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 Note, the Third Report of the Secretary-General on DDR (2011) includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes,\u201d including interventions, such as psychosocial support, mental health counseling and clinical treatment and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice, participation in political processes. \\n Additionally, it emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the indi- vidual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201d \\n Note by the Secretary-General on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations, 24 May 2005 (A\/C.5\/59\/31); Third report of the Secretary-General on Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741)", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":824, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201da) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dDEFINING \u2018REINTEGRATION\u2019 \\n In the Note by the Secretary-General dated 24 May 2005, reintegration is defined as, \u201cthe process by which ex-com- batants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration use consistent language used international organization standardization standard guideline n \u201d \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action. \u201d defining \u2018 reintegration \u2019 n note secretarygeneral dated 24 may 2005 reintegration defined \u201c process excom batants acquire civilian status gain sustainable employment income ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of definitions used in this Reintegration standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201da) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dDEFINING \u2018REINTEGRATION\u2019 \\n In the Note by the Secretary-General dated 24 May 2005, reintegration is defined as, \u201cthe process by which ex-com- batants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open timeframe, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility, and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\u201d \\n Recognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 Note, the Third Report of the Secretary-General on DDR (2011) includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes,\u201d including interventions, such as psychosocial support, mental health counseling and clinical treatment and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice, participation in political processes. \\n Additionally, it emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the indi- vidual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201d \\n Note by the Secretary-General on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations, 24 May 2005 (A\/C.5\/59\/31); Third report of the Secretary-General on Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741)", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":824, "Sentence":"Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open timeframe, primarily taking place in communities at the local level.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration essentially social economic process open timeframe primarily taking place community local level ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of definitions used in this Reintegration standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201da) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dDEFINING \u2018REINTEGRATION\u2019 \\n In the Note by the Secretary-General dated 24 May 2005, reintegration is defined as, \u201cthe process by which ex-com- batants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open timeframe, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility, and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\u201d \\n Recognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 Note, the Third Report of the Secretary-General on DDR (2011) includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes,\u201d including interventions, such as psychosocial support, mental health counseling and clinical treatment and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice, participation in political processes. \\n Additionally, it emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the indi- vidual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201d \\n Note by the Secretary-General on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations, 24 May 2005 (A\/C.5\/59\/31); Third report of the Secretary-General on Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741)", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":824, "Sentence":"It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility, and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\u201d \\n Recognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 Note, the Third Report of the Secretary-General on DDR (2011) includes revised policy and guidance.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration part general development country national responsibility often necessitates longterm external assistance. \u201d n recognizing new development reintegration excombatants associated group since release 2005 note third report secretarygeneral ddr 2011 includes revised policy guidance ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of definitions used in this Reintegration standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201da) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dDEFINING \u2018REINTEGRATION\u2019 \\n In the Note by the Secretary-General dated 24 May 2005, reintegration is defined as, \u201cthe process by which ex-com- batants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open timeframe, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility, and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\u201d \\n Recognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 Note, the Third Report of the Secretary-General on DDR (2011) includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes,\u201d including interventions, such as psychosocial support, mental health counseling and clinical treatment and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice, participation in political processes. \\n Additionally, it emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the indi- vidual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201d \\n Note by the Secretary-General on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations, 24 May 2005 (A\/C.5\/59\/31); Third report of the Secretary-General on Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741)", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":824, "Sentence":"It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration observes \u201c country economic aspect central sufficient sustainable reintegration excombatants ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of definitions used in this Reintegration standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201da) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dDEFINING \u2018REINTEGRATION\u2019 \\n In the Note by the Secretary-General dated 24 May 2005, reintegration is defined as, \u201cthe process by which ex-com- batants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open timeframe, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility, and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\u201d \\n Recognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 Note, the Third Report of the Secretary-General on DDR (2011) includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes,\u201d including interventions, such as psychosocial support, mental health counseling and clinical treatment and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice, participation in political processes. \\n Additionally, it emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the indi- vidual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201d \\n Note by the Secretary-General on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations, 24 May 2005 (A\/C.5\/59\/31); Third report of the Secretary-General on Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741)", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":824, "Sentence":"Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes,\u201d including interventions, such as psychosocial support, mental health counseling and clinical treatment and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice, participation in political processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration serious consideration social political aspect reintegration\u2026is also crucial sustainability success reintegration programme \u201d including intervention psychosocial support mental health counseling clinical treatment medical health support well reconciliation access justice\/transitional justice participation political process ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of definitions used in this Reintegration standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201da) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201dDEFINING \u2018REINTEGRATION\u2019 \\n In the Note by the Secretary-General dated 24 May 2005, reintegration is defined as, \u201cthe process by which ex-com- batants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open timeframe, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility, and often necessitates long-term external assistance.\u201d \\n Recognizing new developments in the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups since the release of the 2005 Note, the Third Report of the Secretary-General on DDR (2011) includes revised policy and guidance. It observes that, \u201cin most countries, economic aspects, while central, are not sufficient for the sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants. Serious consideration of the social and political aspects of reintegration\u2026is [also] crucial for the sustainability and success of reintegration programmes,\u201d including interventions, such as psychosocial support, mental health counseling and clinical treatment and medical health support, as well as reconciliation, access to justice\/transitional justice, participation in political processes. \\n Additionally, it emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the indi- vidual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201d \\n Note by the Secretary-General on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations, 24 May 2005 (A\/C.5\/59\/31); Third report of the Secretary-General on Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741)", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":824, "Sentence":"\\n Additionally, it emphasizes that while \u201creintegration programmes supported by the United Nations are time-bound by nature\u2026the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that takes place at the indi- vidual, community, national and regional levels, and is dependent upon wider recovery and development.\u201d \\n Note by the Secretary-General on administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of UN peacekeeping operations, 24 May 2005 (A\/C.5\/59\/31); Third report of the Secretary-General on Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741)", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n additionally emphasizes \u201c reintegration programme supported united nation timebound nature\u2026the reintegration excombatants associated group longterm process take place indi vidual community national regional level dependent upon wider recovery development. \u201d n note secretarygeneral administrative budgetary aspect financing un peacekeeping operation 24 may 2005 a\/c.5\/59\/31 third report secretarygeneral disarmament demobilization reintegration 21 march 2011 a\/65\/741" }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration sustainable reintegration former combatant associated group commu nities origin choice ultimate objective ddr ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration programme designed address many destabilizing factor threaten excombatants \u2019 suc cessful transition peace including economic hardship social exclusion psychological physical trauma political disenfranchisement ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration failure successfully reintegrate excombatants undermine achievement disarmament demobilization furthering risk renewal armed conflict.reintegration excombatants associated group longterm process occurs individual community national time even regional level economic social\/psychosocial political security factor affecting success ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration postconflict economy often collapsed posing significant challenge creating sustainable livelihood former combatant conflictaffected group ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration social psychological issue identity trust acceptance crucial ensure violence prevention lasting peace ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration addition empowering excombatants take part political life community state bring forth range benefit providing civilian voice address former residual grievance socially constructive nonviolent manner ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration without sustainable comprehensive reintegration former combatant may become marginalized vulnerable rerecruitment engagement criminal gang activities.a reintegration programme attempt facilitate longerterm reintegration process providing timebound targeted assistance ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration programme match breadth depth duration reintegration process longterm recovery development process therefore careful analysis required order design implement strategic pragmatic reintegration programme best bal ances timing sequencing mix programme element among resource available ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration strong monitoring system needed continuously track approach taken yielding desired effect ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration wellplanned exit strategy emphasis capacity building ownership national local actor engaged reintegration process much longer externally assisted reintegration pro gramme therefore crucial beginning.a number key contextual factor taken account planning designing reintegration strategy ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration contextual factor include nature conflict i.e ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ideologydriven resourcedriven identitydriven etc ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration duration determined conflict security analysis ii nature peace i.e ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration military victory principle party negotiation third party mediation iii state economy especially demand skill labour iv governance capacity reach state legitimacy institutional capacity v character cohesiveness combatant receiving community trust social cohesiveness ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration dis cussed greater detail throughout module.there also several risk challenge must carefully assessed moni tored managed order successfully implement reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration one key challenge designing implementing ddr programme ful fill specific essential need excombatants without turning real perceived privileged group within community ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration support excom batants therefore planned manner avoid creating resentment bitterness within wider community society putting strain community \u2019 limited resource ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration accordingly module seek emphasize importance ben efits approaching reintegration programme communitybased perspective order effectively execute programme activity avoid possible tension form ing excombatants community members.in order increase effectiveness reintegration programme also essential recognize identify limitation boundary ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration firstly trust excom batants political process often heavily influenced nature peace settlement trust overall population process ddr influence influenced political process ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration secondly presence economic opportunity critical ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration thirdly governance capacity state referring perceived legit imacy institutional capacity govern provide basic service essential successful implementation ddr programme ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ddr fundamentally social economic political character seen part broader integrated approach recovery including security governance political developmental aspect ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Sustainable reintegration of former combatants and associated groups into their commu- nities of origin or choice is the ultimate objective of DDR. A reintegration programme is designed to address the many destabilizing factors that threaten ex-combatants\u2019 suc- cessful transition to peace, including: economic hardship, social exclusion, psychological and physical trauma, and political disenfranchisement. Failure to successfully reintegrate ex-combatants will undermine the achievements of disarmament and demobilization, furthering the risk of renewal of armed conflict.Reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups is a long-term process that occurs at the individual, community, national, and at times even regional level, and has economic, social\/psychosocial, political and security factors affecting its success. Post-conflict economies have often collapsed, posing significant challenges to creating sustainable livelihoods for former combatants and other conflict-affected groups. Social and psychological issues of identity, trust, and acceptance are crucial to ensure violence prevention and lasting peace. In addition, empowering ex-combatants to take part in the political life of their communities and state can bring forth a range of benefits, such as providing civilians with a voice to address any former or residual grievances in a socially constructive, non-violent manner. Without sustainable and comprehensive reintegration, former combatants may become further marginalized and vulnerable to re-recruitment or engagement in criminal or gang activities.A reintegration programme will attempt to facilitate the longer-term reintegration process by providing time-bound, targeted assistance. A reintegration programme cannot match the breadth, depth or duration of the reintegration process, nor of the long-term recovery and development process; therefore, careful analysis is required in order to design and implement a strategic and pragmatic reintegration programme that best bal- ances timing, sequencing and a mix of programme elements from among the resources available. A strong monitoring system is needed to continuously track if the approach taken is yielding the desired effect. A well-planned exit strategy, with an emphasis on capacity building and ownership by national and local actors who will be engaged in the reintegration process for much longer than the externally assisted reintegration pro- gramme, is therefore crucial from the beginning.A number of key contextual factors should be taken into account when planning and designing the reintegration strategy. These contextual factors include: (i) the nature of the conflict (i.e. ideology-driven, resource-driven, identity-driven, etc.) and duration as determined by a conflict and security analysis; (ii) the nature of the peace (i.e. military victory, principle party negotiation, third party mediation); (iii) the state of the economy (especially demand for skills and labour); (iv) the governance capacity and reach of the state (legitimacy and institutional capacity); and, (v) the character and cohesiveness of combatants and receiving communities (trust and social cohesiveness). These will be dis- cussed in greater detail throughout the module.There are also several risks and challenges that must be carefully assessed, moni- tored and managed in order to successfully implement a reintegration programme. One of the key challenges in designing and implementing DDR programmes is how to ful- fill the specific and essential needs of ex-combatants without turning them into a real or perceived privileged group within the community. The reintegration support for ex-com- batants should therefore be planned in such a manner as to avoid creating resentment and bitterness within wider communities or society or putting a strain on a community\u2019s limited resources. Accordingly, this module seeks to emphasize the importance and ben- efits of approaching reintegration programmes from a community-based perspective in order to more effectively execute programme activities and avoid possible tensions form- ing between ex-combatants and community members.In order to increase the effectiveness of reintegration programmes, it is also essential to recognize and identify their limitations and boundaries. Firstly, the trust of ex-com- batants in the political process is often heavily influenced by the nature of the peace settlement and the trust of the overall population in the process; DDR both influences and is influenced by political processes. Secondly, the presence of economic opportunities is critical. And thirdly, the governance capacity of the state, referring to its perceived legit- imacy and institutional capacity to govern and provide basic services, is essential to the successful implementation of a DDR programme. DDR is fundamentally social, economic and political in character and should be seen as part of a broader integrated approach to recovery, including security, governance, and political and developmental aspects. There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":825, "Sentence":"There- fore, programmes shall be based upon context analyses (see above on contextual factors) that are integrated, comprehensive and coordinated across the UN family with national and other international partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration fore programme shall based upon context analysis see contextual factor integrated comprehensive coordinated across un family national international partner ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that shall guide all aspects of DDR planning and implementation. All UN DDR programmes shall be: people-centred; flexible; accountable and transparent; nationally and locally owned; inte- grated; and well-planned, in addition to being gender-sensitive. More specifically, when designing and implementing reintegration programmes, planners and practitioners shall take the following guidance into consideration:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":826, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that shall guide all aspects of DDR planning and implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle shall guide aspect ddr planning implementation ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that shall guide all aspects of DDR planning and implementation. All UN DDR programmes shall be: people-centred; flexible; accountable and transparent; nationally and locally owned; inte- grated; and well-planned, in addition to being gender-sensitive. More specifically, when designing and implementing reintegration programmes, planners and practitioners shall take the following guidance into consideration:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":826, "Sentence":"All UN DDR programmes shall be: people-centred; flexible; accountable and transparent; nationally and locally owned; inte- grated; and well-planned, in addition to being gender-sensitive.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration un ddr programme shall peoplecentred flexible accountable transparent nationally locally owned inte grated wellplanned addition gendersensitive ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that shall guide all aspects of DDR planning and implementation. All UN DDR programmes shall be: people-centred; flexible; accountable and transparent; nationally and locally owned; inte- grated; and well-planned, in addition to being gender-sensitive. More specifically, when designing and implementing reintegration programmes, planners and practitioners shall take the following guidance into consideration:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":826, "Sentence":"More specifically, when designing and implementing reintegration programmes, planners and practitioners shall take the following guidance into consideration:", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration specifically designing implementing reintegration programme planner practitioner shall take following guidance consideration" }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1. People-centred", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"UN-supported reintegration strategies will include diverse people and communities with various needs. Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment of participants and beneficiaries are core principles of the UN approach to DDR. A \u2018people-centred\u2019 approach recognizes that differences exist among reintegration participants and beneficiaries \u2013 differences which include, but are not limited to sex, age, class, religion, and physical, intellectual or psycho-social capacities \u2013 all of which require targeted responses. Rein- tegration assistance shall therefore be based on thorough profiling of ex-combatants and assessments of the social, economic, political and cultural contexts into which they are reintegrating in order to support specific needs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":827, "Sentence":"UN-supported reintegration strategies will include diverse people and communities with various needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration unsupported reintegration strategy include diverse people community various need ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1. People-centred", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"UN-supported reintegration strategies will include diverse people and communities with various needs. Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment of participants and beneficiaries are core principles of the UN approach to DDR. A \u2018people-centred\u2019 approach recognizes that differences exist among reintegration participants and beneficiaries \u2013 differences which include, but are not limited to sex, age, class, religion, and physical, intellectual or psycho-social capacities \u2013 all of which require targeted responses. Rein- tegration assistance shall therefore be based on thorough profiling of ex-combatants and assessments of the social, economic, political and cultural contexts into which they are reintegrating in order to support specific needs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":827, "Sentence":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment of participants and beneficiaries are core principles of the UN approach to DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration nondiscrimination fair equitable treatment participant beneficiary core principle un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1. People-centred", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"UN-supported reintegration strategies will include diverse people and communities with various needs. Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment of participants and beneficiaries are core principles of the UN approach to DDR. A \u2018people-centred\u2019 approach recognizes that differences exist among reintegration participants and beneficiaries \u2013 differences which include, but are not limited to sex, age, class, religion, and physical, intellectual or psycho-social capacities \u2013 all of which require targeted responses. Rein- tegration assistance shall therefore be based on thorough profiling of ex-combatants and assessments of the social, economic, political and cultural contexts into which they are reintegrating in order to support specific needs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":827, "Sentence":"A \u2018people-centred\u2019 approach recognizes that differences exist among reintegration participants and beneficiaries \u2013 differences which include, but are not limited to sex, age, class, religion, and physical, intellectual or psycho-social capacities \u2013 all of which require targeted responses.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration \u2018 peoplecentred \u2019 approach recognizes difference exist among reintegration participant beneficiary \u2013 difference include limited sex age class religion physical intellectual psychosocial capacity \u2013 require targeted response ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1. People-centred", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"UN-supported reintegration strategies will include diverse people and communities with various needs. Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment of participants and beneficiaries are core principles of the UN approach to DDR. A \u2018people-centred\u2019 approach recognizes that differences exist among reintegration participants and beneficiaries \u2013 differences which include, but are not limited to sex, age, class, religion, and physical, intellectual or psycho-social capacities \u2013 all of which require targeted responses. Rein- tegration assistance shall therefore be based on thorough profiling of ex-combatants and assessments of the social, economic, political and cultural contexts into which they are reintegrating in order to support specific needs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":827, "Sentence":"Rein- tegration assistance shall therefore be based on thorough profiling of ex-combatants and assessments of the social, economic, political and cultural contexts into which they are reintegrating in order to support specific needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration rein tegration assistance shall therefore based thorough profiling excombatants assessment social economic political cultural context reintegrating order support specific need ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2. Flexible", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"To respond to contextual changes and remain relevant, reintegration programmes should be designed in such a way that allows for maximum adaptability. While the reintegration programme design will be based on initial assessments, it is important to remember that many contextual factors will change significantly during the course of the programme, such as the wishes and ambitions of ex-combatants, the labour market, the capacity of service providers, the capacity of the different government bodies, in addition to the agen- das of political parties and leaders in power. Furthermore, new or broader recovery plans may be designed during the timeframe of the DDR programme, for which reintegration programmes should be linked.Additionally, flexibility is required on the issue of targeting principles. While in the beginning of the programme exclusive targeted approaches might be appropriate, flexibil- ity to enlarge the target group within the scope of the programme should be considered and may also be part of the programme exit strategy. This means that the total number of combatants might be known at the beginning of a programme, but not necessarily the total number of beneficiaries or people assisted. Furthermore, flexibility of the types of reintegration assistance offered should be applied within the national programme. Fixed packages of individual assistance shall therefore be avoided.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":828, "Sentence":"To respond to contextual changes and remain relevant, reintegration programmes should be designed in such a way that allows for maximum adaptability.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration respond contextual change remain relevant reintegration programme designed way allows maximum adaptability ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2. Flexible", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"To respond to contextual changes and remain relevant, reintegration programmes should be designed in such a way that allows for maximum adaptability. While the reintegration programme design will be based on initial assessments, it is important to remember that many contextual factors will change significantly during the course of the programme, such as the wishes and ambitions of ex-combatants, the labour market, the capacity of service providers, the capacity of the different government bodies, in addition to the agen- das of political parties and leaders in power. Furthermore, new or broader recovery plans may be designed during the timeframe of the DDR programme, for which reintegration programmes should be linked.Additionally, flexibility is required on the issue of targeting principles. While in the beginning of the programme exclusive targeted approaches might be appropriate, flexibil- ity to enlarge the target group within the scope of the programme should be considered and may also be part of the programme exit strategy. This means that the total number of combatants might be known at the beginning of a programme, but not necessarily the total number of beneficiaries or people assisted. Furthermore, flexibility of the types of reintegration assistance offered should be applied within the national programme. Fixed packages of individual assistance shall therefore be avoided.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":828, "Sentence":"While the reintegration programme design will be based on initial assessments, it is important to remember that many contextual factors will change significantly during the course of the programme, such as the wishes and ambitions of ex-combatants, the labour market, the capacity of service providers, the capacity of the different government bodies, in addition to the agen- das of political parties and leaders in power.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration programme design based initial assessment important remember many contextual factor change significantly course programme wish ambition excombatants labour market capacity service provider capacity different government body addition agen da political party leader power ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2. Flexible", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"To respond to contextual changes and remain relevant, reintegration programmes should be designed in such a way that allows for maximum adaptability. While the reintegration programme design will be based on initial assessments, it is important to remember that many contextual factors will change significantly during the course of the programme, such as the wishes and ambitions of ex-combatants, the labour market, the capacity of service providers, the capacity of the different government bodies, in addition to the agen- das of political parties and leaders in power. Furthermore, new or broader recovery plans may be designed during the timeframe of the DDR programme, for which reintegration programmes should be linked.Additionally, flexibility is required on the issue of targeting principles. While in the beginning of the programme exclusive targeted approaches might be appropriate, flexibil- ity to enlarge the target group within the scope of the programme should be considered and may also be part of the programme exit strategy. This means that the total number of combatants might be known at the beginning of a programme, but not necessarily the total number of beneficiaries or people assisted. Furthermore, flexibility of the types of reintegration assistance offered should be applied within the national programme. Fixed packages of individual assistance shall therefore be avoided.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":828, "Sentence":"Furthermore, new or broader recovery plans may be designed during the timeframe of the DDR programme, for which reintegration programmes should be linked.Additionally, flexibility is required on the issue of targeting principles.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration furthermore new broader recovery plan may designed timeframe ddr programme reintegration programme linked.additionally flexibility required issue targeting principle ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2. Flexible", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"To respond to contextual changes and remain relevant, reintegration programmes should be designed in such a way that allows for maximum adaptability. While the reintegration programme design will be based on initial assessments, it is important to remember that many contextual factors will change significantly during the course of the programme, such as the wishes and ambitions of ex-combatants, the labour market, the capacity of service providers, the capacity of the different government bodies, in addition to the agen- das of political parties and leaders in power. Furthermore, new or broader recovery plans may be designed during the timeframe of the DDR programme, for which reintegration programmes should be linked.Additionally, flexibility is required on the issue of targeting principles. While in the beginning of the programme exclusive targeted approaches might be appropriate, flexibil- ity to enlarge the target group within the scope of the programme should be considered and may also be part of the programme exit strategy. This means that the total number of combatants might be known at the beginning of a programme, but not necessarily the total number of beneficiaries or people assisted. Furthermore, flexibility of the types of reintegration assistance offered should be applied within the national programme. Fixed packages of individual assistance shall therefore be avoided.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":828, "Sentence":"While in the beginning of the programme exclusive targeted approaches might be appropriate, flexibil- ity to enlarge the target group within the scope of the programme should be considered and may also be part of the programme exit strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration beginning programme exclusive targeted approach might appropriate flexibil ity enlarge target group within scope programme considered may also part programme exit strategy ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2. Flexible", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"To respond to contextual changes and remain relevant, reintegration programmes should be designed in such a way that allows for maximum adaptability. While the reintegration programme design will be based on initial assessments, it is important to remember that many contextual factors will change significantly during the course of the programme, such as the wishes and ambitions of ex-combatants, the labour market, the capacity of service providers, the capacity of the different government bodies, in addition to the agen- das of political parties and leaders in power. Furthermore, new or broader recovery plans may be designed during the timeframe of the DDR programme, for which reintegration programmes should be linked.Additionally, flexibility is required on the issue of targeting principles. While in the beginning of the programme exclusive targeted approaches might be appropriate, flexibil- ity to enlarge the target group within the scope of the programme should be considered and may also be part of the programme exit strategy. This means that the total number of combatants might be known at the beginning of a programme, but not necessarily the total number of beneficiaries or people assisted. Furthermore, flexibility of the types of reintegration assistance offered should be applied within the national programme. Fixed packages of individual assistance shall therefore be avoided.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":828, "Sentence":"This means that the total number of combatants might be known at the beginning of a programme, but not necessarily the total number of beneficiaries or people assisted.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration mean total number combatant might known beginning programme necessarily total number beneficiary people assisted ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2. Flexible", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"To respond to contextual changes and remain relevant, reintegration programmes should be designed in such a way that allows for maximum adaptability. While the reintegration programme design will be based on initial assessments, it is important to remember that many contextual factors will change significantly during the course of the programme, such as the wishes and ambitions of ex-combatants, the labour market, the capacity of service providers, the capacity of the different government bodies, in addition to the agen- das of political parties and leaders in power. Furthermore, new or broader recovery plans may be designed during the timeframe of the DDR programme, for which reintegration programmes should be linked.Additionally, flexibility is required on the issue of targeting principles. While in the beginning of the programme exclusive targeted approaches might be appropriate, flexibil- ity to enlarge the target group within the scope of the programme should be considered and may also be part of the programme exit strategy. This means that the total number of combatants might be known at the beginning of a programme, but not necessarily the total number of beneficiaries or people assisted. Furthermore, flexibility of the types of reintegration assistance offered should be applied within the national programme. Fixed packages of individual assistance shall therefore be avoided.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":828, "Sentence":"Furthermore, flexibility of the types of reintegration assistance offered should be applied within the national programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration furthermore flexibility type reintegration assistance offered applied within national programme ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2. Flexible", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"To respond to contextual changes and remain relevant, reintegration programmes should be designed in such a way that allows for maximum adaptability. While the reintegration programme design will be based on initial assessments, it is important to remember that many contextual factors will change significantly during the course of the programme, such as the wishes and ambitions of ex-combatants, the labour market, the capacity of service providers, the capacity of the different government bodies, in addition to the agen- das of political parties and leaders in power. Furthermore, new or broader recovery plans may be designed during the timeframe of the DDR programme, for which reintegration programmes should be linked.Additionally, flexibility is required on the issue of targeting principles. While in the beginning of the programme exclusive targeted approaches might be appropriate, flexibil- ity to enlarge the target group within the scope of the programme should be considered and may also be part of the programme exit strategy. This means that the total number of combatants might be known at the beginning of a programme, but not necessarily the total number of beneficiaries or people assisted. Furthermore, flexibility of the types of reintegration assistance offered should be applied within the national programme. Fixed packages of individual assistance shall therefore be avoided.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":828, "Sentence":"Fixed packages of individual assistance shall therefore be avoided.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration fixed package individual assistance shall therefore avoided ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. Accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Reintegration assistance shall be based on the principles of accountability and transpar- ency. Public information and communication strategies shall therefore be drawn up and implemented as early as possible. Public information, awareness-raising and community consultation and sensitization ensure that affected participant and beneficiary groups have a chance to influence and to receive accurate information on DDR programme proce- dures and reintegration assistance.Once expected results are clearly defined by all stakeholders, key indicators for mon- itoring and measuring programme impact shall be agreed upon, based on careful context assessments and analysis. Defining a set of indicators in a participatory manner helps to clarify expectations and leads to a broad agreement on realistic targets. Individuals or organizations responsible for monitoring should also be agreed upon, as well as how often monitoring reports will be drawn up. The data for indicators should be updated at least quarterly and communicated to stakeholders.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":829, "Sentence":"Reintegration assistance shall be based on the principles of accountability and transpar- ency.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration assistance shall based principle accountability transpar ency ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. Accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Reintegration assistance shall be based on the principles of accountability and transpar- ency. Public information and communication strategies shall therefore be drawn up and implemented as early as possible. Public information, awareness-raising and community consultation and sensitization ensure that affected participant and beneficiary groups have a chance to influence and to receive accurate information on DDR programme proce- dures and reintegration assistance.Once expected results are clearly defined by all stakeholders, key indicators for mon- itoring and measuring programme impact shall be agreed upon, based on careful context assessments and analysis. Defining a set of indicators in a participatory manner helps to clarify expectations and leads to a broad agreement on realistic targets. Individuals or organizations responsible for monitoring should also be agreed upon, as well as how often monitoring reports will be drawn up. The data for indicators should be updated at least quarterly and communicated to stakeholders.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":829, "Sentence":"Public information and communication strategies shall therefore be drawn up and implemented as early as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration public information communication strategy shall therefore drawn implemented early possible ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. Accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Reintegration assistance shall be based on the principles of accountability and transpar- ency. Public information and communication strategies shall therefore be drawn up and implemented as early as possible. Public information, awareness-raising and community consultation and sensitization ensure that affected participant and beneficiary groups have a chance to influence and to receive accurate information on DDR programme proce- dures and reintegration assistance.Once expected results are clearly defined by all stakeholders, key indicators for mon- itoring and measuring programme impact shall be agreed upon, based on careful context assessments and analysis. Defining a set of indicators in a participatory manner helps to clarify expectations and leads to a broad agreement on realistic targets. Individuals or organizations responsible for monitoring should also be agreed upon, as well as how often monitoring reports will be drawn up. The data for indicators should be updated at least quarterly and communicated to stakeholders.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":829, "Sentence":"Public information, awareness-raising and community consultation and sensitization ensure that affected participant and beneficiary groups have a chance to influence and to receive accurate information on DDR programme proce- dures and reintegration assistance.Once expected results are clearly defined by all stakeholders, key indicators for mon- itoring and measuring programme impact shall be agreed upon, based on careful context assessments and analysis.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration public information awarenessraising community consultation sensitization ensure affected participant beneficiary group chance influence receive accurate information ddr programme proce dures reintegration assistance.once expected result clearly defined stakeholder key indicator mon itoring measuring programme impact shall agreed upon based careful context assessment analysis ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. Accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Reintegration assistance shall be based on the principles of accountability and transpar- ency. Public information and communication strategies shall therefore be drawn up and implemented as early as possible. Public information, awareness-raising and community consultation and sensitization ensure that affected participant and beneficiary groups have a chance to influence and to receive accurate information on DDR programme proce- dures and reintegration assistance.Once expected results are clearly defined by all stakeholders, key indicators for mon- itoring and measuring programme impact shall be agreed upon, based on careful context assessments and analysis. Defining a set of indicators in a participatory manner helps to clarify expectations and leads to a broad agreement on realistic targets. Individuals or organizations responsible for monitoring should also be agreed upon, as well as how often monitoring reports will be drawn up. The data for indicators should be updated at least quarterly and communicated to stakeholders.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":829, "Sentence":"Defining a set of indicators in a participatory manner helps to clarify expectations and leads to a broad agreement on realistic targets.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration defining set indicator participatory manner help clarify expectation lead broad agreement realistic target ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. Accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Reintegration assistance shall be based on the principles of accountability and transpar- ency. Public information and communication strategies shall therefore be drawn up and implemented as early as possible. Public information, awareness-raising and community consultation and sensitization ensure that affected participant and beneficiary groups have a chance to influence and to receive accurate information on DDR programme proce- dures and reintegration assistance.Once expected results are clearly defined by all stakeholders, key indicators for mon- itoring and measuring programme impact shall be agreed upon, based on careful context assessments and analysis. Defining a set of indicators in a participatory manner helps to clarify expectations and leads to a broad agreement on realistic targets. Individuals or organizations responsible for monitoring should also be agreed upon, as well as how often monitoring reports will be drawn up. The data for indicators should be updated at least quarterly and communicated to stakeholders.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":829, "Sentence":"Individuals or organizations responsible for monitoring should also be agreed upon, as well as how often monitoring reports will be drawn up.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration individual organization responsible monitoring also agreed upon well often monitoring report drawn ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. Accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Reintegration assistance shall be based on the principles of accountability and transpar- ency. Public information and communication strategies shall therefore be drawn up and implemented as early as possible. Public information, awareness-raising and community consultation and sensitization ensure that affected participant and beneficiary groups have a chance to influence and to receive accurate information on DDR programme proce- dures and reintegration assistance.Once expected results are clearly defined by all stakeholders, key indicators for mon- itoring and measuring programme impact shall be agreed upon, based on careful context assessments and analysis. Defining a set of indicators in a participatory manner helps to clarify expectations and leads to a broad agreement on realistic targets. Individuals or organizations responsible for monitoring should also be agreed upon, as well as how often monitoring reports will be drawn up. The data for indicators should be updated at least quarterly and communicated to stakeholders.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":829, "Sentence":"The data for indicators should be updated at least quarterly and communicated to stakeholders.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration data indicator updated least quarterly communicated stakeholder ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The success of reintegration programmes depends on the combined efforts of individu- als, families and communities and therefore reintegration programmes shall be designed through an inclusive, participatory process that involves ex-combatants and communities, local and national authorities, and non-governmental actors in planning and deci- sion-making from the earliest stages. Buy-in to the reintegration process by key armed actors and military leaders shall be one of the first priorities of the DDR programme, and should be achieved in collaboration with national government and other key stakeholders in accordance with UN mandates. All parties to the conflict shall commit themselves to accepting an agreed framework, together with a timetable for carrying out activities.The primary responsibility for the successful outcome of DDR programmes rests with national authorities and local stakeholders. Reintegration programmes shall there- fore seek to develop the capacities of receiving communities, as well as local and national authorities. In contexts where national capacity is weak, it is important to ensure that international actors do not act as substitutes for national authorities in programme man- agement and implementation, but rather put forth all efforts to strengthen the national capacities needed to implement the long-term reintegration process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":830, "Sentence":"The success of reintegration programmes depends on the combined efforts of individu- als, families and communities and therefore reintegration programmes shall be designed through an inclusive, participatory process that involves ex-combatants and communities, local and national authorities, and non-governmental actors in planning and deci- sion-making from the earliest stages.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration success reintegration programme depends combined effort individu al family community therefore reintegration programme shall designed inclusive participatory process involves excombatants community local national authority nongovernmental actor planning deci sionmaking earliest stage ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The success of reintegration programmes depends on the combined efforts of individu- als, families and communities and therefore reintegration programmes shall be designed through an inclusive, participatory process that involves ex-combatants and communities, local and national authorities, and non-governmental actors in planning and deci- sion-making from the earliest stages. Buy-in to the reintegration process by key armed actors and military leaders shall be one of the first priorities of the DDR programme, and should be achieved in collaboration with national government and other key stakeholders in accordance with UN mandates. All parties to the conflict shall commit themselves to accepting an agreed framework, together with a timetable for carrying out activities.The primary responsibility for the successful outcome of DDR programmes rests with national authorities and local stakeholders. Reintegration programmes shall there- fore seek to develop the capacities of receiving communities, as well as local and national authorities. In contexts where national capacity is weak, it is important to ensure that international actors do not act as substitutes for national authorities in programme man- agement and implementation, but rather put forth all efforts to strengthen the national capacities needed to implement the long-term reintegration process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":830, "Sentence":"Buy-in to the reintegration process by key armed actors and military leaders shall be one of the first priorities of the DDR programme, and should be achieved in collaboration with national government and other key stakeholders in accordance with UN mandates.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration buyin reintegration process key armed actor military leader shall one first priority ddr programme achieved collaboration national government key stakeholder accordance un mandate ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The success of reintegration programmes depends on the combined efforts of individu- als, families and communities and therefore reintegration programmes shall be designed through an inclusive, participatory process that involves ex-combatants and communities, local and national authorities, and non-governmental actors in planning and deci- sion-making from the earliest stages. Buy-in to the reintegration process by key armed actors and military leaders shall be one of the first priorities of the DDR programme, and should be achieved in collaboration with national government and other key stakeholders in accordance with UN mandates. All parties to the conflict shall commit themselves to accepting an agreed framework, together with a timetable for carrying out activities.The primary responsibility for the successful outcome of DDR programmes rests with national authorities and local stakeholders. Reintegration programmes shall there- fore seek to develop the capacities of receiving communities, as well as local and national authorities. In contexts where national capacity is weak, it is important to ensure that international actors do not act as substitutes for national authorities in programme man- agement and implementation, but rather put forth all efforts to strengthen the national capacities needed to implement the long-term reintegration process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":830, "Sentence":"All parties to the conflict shall commit themselves to accepting an agreed framework, together with a timetable for carrying out activities.The primary responsibility for the successful outcome of DDR programmes rests with national authorities and local stakeholders.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration party conflict shall commit accepting agreed framework together timetable carrying activities.the primary responsibility successful outcome ddr programme rest national authority local stakeholder ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The success of reintegration programmes depends on the combined efforts of individu- als, families and communities and therefore reintegration programmes shall be designed through an inclusive, participatory process that involves ex-combatants and communities, local and national authorities, and non-governmental actors in planning and deci- sion-making from the earliest stages. Buy-in to the reintegration process by key armed actors and military leaders shall be one of the first priorities of the DDR programme, and should be achieved in collaboration with national government and other key stakeholders in accordance with UN mandates. All parties to the conflict shall commit themselves to accepting an agreed framework, together with a timetable for carrying out activities.The primary responsibility for the successful outcome of DDR programmes rests with national authorities and local stakeholders. Reintegration programmes shall there- fore seek to develop the capacities of receiving communities, as well as local and national authorities. In contexts where national capacity is weak, it is important to ensure that international actors do not act as substitutes for national authorities in programme man- agement and implementation, but rather put forth all efforts to strengthen the national capacities needed to implement the long-term reintegration process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":830, "Sentence":"Reintegration programmes shall there- fore seek to develop the capacities of receiving communities, as well as local and national authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration programme shall fore seek develop capacity receiving community well local national authority ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4. Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The success of reintegration programmes depends on the combined efforts of individu- als, families and communities and therefore reintegration programmes shall be designed through an inclusive, participatory process that involves ex-combatants and communities, local and national authorities, and non-governmental actors in planning and deci- sion-making from the earliest stages. Buy-in to the reintegration process by key armed actors and military leaders shall be one of the first priorities of the DDR programme, and should be achieved in collaboration with national government and other key stakeholders in accordance with UN mandates. All parties to the conflict shall commit themselves to accepting an agreed framework, together with a timetable for carrying out activities.The primary responsibility for the successful outcome of DDR programmes rests with national authorities and local stakeholders. Reintegration programmes shall there- fore seek to develop the capacities of receiving communities, as well as local and national authorities. In contexts where national capacity is weak, it is important to ensure that international actors do not act as substitutes for national authorities in programme man- agement and implementation, but rather put forth all efforts to strengthen the national capacities needed to implement the long-term reintegration process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":830, "Sentence":"In contexts where national capacity is weak, it is important to ensure that international actors do not act as substitutes for national authorities in programme man- agement and implementation, but rather put forth all efforts to strengthen the national capacities needed to implement the long-term reintegration process.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration context national capacity weak important ensure international actor act substitute national authority programme man agement implementation rather put forth effort strengthen national capacity needed implement longterm reintegration process ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5. Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR processes both influence and are affected by wider recovery, peacebuilding and state transformational processes. It is therefore essential that reintegration programmes work collaboratively with other programmes and stakeholders to achieve policy coherence, sec- toral programme integration, inter-agency cooperation and coordination from the start.UN integrated units should be used wherever possible to support the implementation of DDR programmes. In addition, the use of technical working groups, donor forums, and rapid response\/surge modalities should be used to further integrate efforts in the area of DDR.It is also particularly relevant that line ministries receive appropriate support from DDR programmes to ensure that reintegration will be sustainable and in accordance with other national policies and plans.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":831, "Sentence":"DDR processes both influence and are affected by wider recovery, peacebuilding and state transformational processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ddr process influence affected wider recovery peacebuilding state transformational process ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5. Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR processes both influence and are affected by wider recovery, peacebuilding and state transformational processes. It is therefore essential that reintegration programmes work collaboratively with other programmes and stakeholders to achieve policy coherence, sec- toral programme integration, inter-agency cooperation and coordination from the start.UN integrated units should be used wherever possible to support the implementation of DDR programmes. In addition, the use of technical working groups, donor forums, and rapid response\/surge modalities should be used to further integrate efforts in the area of DDR.It is also particularly relevant that line ministries receive appropriate support from DDR programmes to ensure that reintegration will be sustainable and in accordance with other national policies and plans.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":831, "Sentence":"It is therefore essential that reintegration programmes work collaboratively with other programmes and stakeholders to achieve policy coherence, sec- toral programme integration, inter-agency cooperation and coordination from the start.UN integrated units should be used wherever possible to support the implementation of DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration therefore essential reintegration programme work collaboratively programme stakeholder achieve policy coherence sec toral programme integration interagency cooperation coordination start.un integrated unit used wherever possible support implementation ddr programme ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5. Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR processes both influence and are affected by wider recovery, peacebuilding and state transformational processes. It is therefore essential that reintegration programmes work collaboratively with other programmes and stakeholders to achieve policy coherence, sec- toral programme integration, inter-agency cooperation and coordination from the start.UN integrated units should be used wherever possible to support the implementation of DDR programmes. In addition, the use of technical working groups, donor forums, and rapid response\/surge modalities should be used to further integrate efforts in the area of DDR.It is also particularly relevant that line ministries receive appropriate support from DDR programmes to ensure that reintegration will be sustainable and in accordance with other national policies and plans.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":831, "Sentence":"In addition, the use of technical working groups, donor forums, and rapid response\/surge modalities should be used to further integrate efforts in the area of DDR.It is also particularly relevant that line ministries receive appropriate support from DDR programmes to ensure that reintegration will be sustainable and in accordance with other national policies and plans.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration addition use technical working group donor forum rapid response\/surge modality used integrate effort area ddr.it also particularly relevant line ministry receive appropriate support ddr programme ensure reintegration sustainable accordance national policy plan ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6. Well-planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A well-planned reintegration programme shall assess and respond to the specific needs of its male and female participants (i.e. gender-sensitive planning), who might be children, youth, adults, elders and\/or persons with disabilities.Effective and sustainable reintegration depends on early planning that is based on: a comprehensive understanding of the local context, a clear and unambiguous agreement among all stakeholders about objectives and results of the programme, the establishment of realistic timeframes, clear budgeting requirements and human resource needs, and a clearly defined programme exit strategy. Planning shall be based on existing assessments which include conflict and security analyses, gender analyses, early recovery and\/or post-conflict needs assessments, in addition to reintegration-specific assessments. Reinte- gration practitioners shall furthermore ensure a results-based monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework is developed during the planning phase and that sufficient resources and expertise are allocated for this task at the outset.Those planning the disarmament and demobilization phases shall work in tandem with the reintegration phase planners and experts to ensure a smooth transition, and more specifically that the programme has sufficient resources and capacity to absorb the demo- bilized groups, where applicable. It is important that promises on reintegration assistance are not made during the disarmament and demobilization phases that cannot be deliv- ered upon later.Finally, planning should recognize that DDR programming does not take place in a vacuum. Planners should therefore carefully consider, and where possible link with, other early recovery and peacebuilding initiatives and processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":832, "Sentence":"A well-planned reintegration programme shall assess and respond to the specific needs of its male and female participants (i.e.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration wellplanned reintegration programme shall ass respond specific need male female participant i.e ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6. Well-planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A well-planned reintegration programme shall assess and respond to the specific needs of its male and female participants (i.e. gender-sensitive planning), who might be children, youth, adults, elders and\/or persons with disabilities.Effective and sustainable reintegration depends on early planning that is based on: a comprehensive understanding of the local context, a clear and unambiguous agreement among all stakeholders about objectives and results of the programme, the establishment of realistic timeframes, clear budgeting requirements and human resource needs, and a clearly defined programme exit strategy. Planning shall be based on existing assessments which include conflict and security analyses, gender analyses, early recovery and\/or post-conflict needs assessments, in addition to reintegration-specific assessments. Reinte- gration practitioners shall furthermore ensure a results-based monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework is developed during the planning phase and that sufficient resources and expertise are allocated for this task at the outset.Those planning the disarmament and demobilization phases shall work in tandem with the reintegration phase planners and experts to ensure a smooth transition, and more specifically that the programme has sufficient resources and capacity to absorb the demo- bilized groups, where applicable. It is important that promises on reintegration assistance are not made during the disarmament and demobilization phases that cannot be deliv- ered upon later.Finally, planning should recognize that DDR programming does not take place in a vacuum. Planners should therefore carefully consider, and where possible link with, other early recovery and peacebuilding initiatives and processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":832, "Sentence":"gender-sensitive planning), who might be children, youth, adults, elders and\/or persons with disabilities.Effective and sustainable reintegration depends on early planning that is based on: a comprehensive understanding of the local context, a clear and unambiguous agreement among all stakeholders about objectives and results of the programme, the establishment of realistic timeframes, clear budgeting requirements and human resource needs, and a clearly defined programme exit strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration gendersensitive planning might child youth adult elder and\/or person disabilities.effective sustainable reintegration depends early planning based comprehensive understanding local context clear unambiguous agreement among stakeholder objective result programme establishment realistic timeframes clear budgeting requirement human resource need clearly defined programme exit strategy ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6. Well-planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A well-planned reintegration programme shall assess and respond to the specific needs of its male and female participants (i.e. gender-sensitive planning), who might be children, youth, adults, elders and\/or persons with disabilities.Effective and sustainable reintegration depends on early planning that is based on: a comprehensive understanding of the local context, a clear and unambiguous agreement among all stakeholders about objectives and results of the programme, the establishment of realistic timeframes, clear budgeting requirements and human resource needs, and a clearly defined programme exit strategy. Planning shall be based on existing assessments which include conflict and security analyses, gender analyses, early recovery and\/or post-conflict needs assessments, in addition to reintegration-specific assessments. Reinte- gration practitioners shall furthermore ensure a results-based monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework is developed during the planning phase and that sufficient resources and expertise are allocated for this task at the outset.Those planning the disarmament and demobilization phases shall work in tandem with the reintegration phase planners and experts to ensure a smooth transition, and more specifically that the programme has sufficient resources and capacity to absorb the demo- bilized groups, where applicable. It is important that promises on reintegration assistance are not made during the disarmament and demobilization phases that cannot be deliv- ered upon later.Finally, planning should recognize that DDR programming does not take place in a vacuum. Planners should therefore carefully consider, and where possible link with, other early recovery and peacebuilding initiatives and processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":832, "Sentence":"Planning shall be based on existing assessments which include conflict and security analyses, gender analyses, early recovery and\/or post-conflict needs assessments, in addition to reintegration-specific assessments.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration planning shall based existing assessment include conflict security analysis gender analysis early recovery and\/or postconflict need assessment addition reintegrationspecific assessment ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6. Well-planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A well-planned reintegration programme shall assess and respond to the specific needs of its male and female participants (i.e. gender-sensitive planning), who might be children, youth, adults, elders and\/or persons with disabilities.Effective and sustainable reintegration depends on early planning that is based on: a comprehensive understanding of the local context, a clear and unambiguous agreement among all stakeholders about objectives and results of the programme, the establishment of realistic timeframes, clear budgeting requirements and human resource needs, and a clearly defined programme exit strategy. Planning shall be based on existing assessments which include conflict and security analyses, gender analyses, early recovery and\/or post-conflict needs assessments, in addition to reintegration-specific assessments. Reinte- gration practitioners shall furthermore ensure a results-based monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework is developed during the planning phase and that sufficient resources and expertise are allocated for this task at the outset.Those planning the disarmament and demobilization phases shall work in tandem with the reintegration phase planners and experts to ensure a smooth transition, and more specifically that the programme has sufficient resources and capacity to absorb the demo- bilized groups, where applicable. It is important that promises on reintegration assistance are not made during the disarmament and demobilization phases that cannot be deliv- ered upon later.Finally, planning should recognize that DDR programming does not take place in a vacuum. Planners should therefore carefully consider, and where possible link with, other early recovery and peacebuilding initiatives and processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":832, "Sentence":"Reinte- gration practitioners shall furthermore ensure a results-based monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework is developed during the planning phase and that sufficient resources and expertise are allocated for this task at the outset.Those planning the disarmament and demobilization phases shall work in tandem with the reintegration phase planners and experts to ensure a smooth transition, and more specifically that the programme has sufficient resources and capacity to absorb the demo- bilized groups, where applicable.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reinte gration practitioner shall furthermore ensure resultsbased monitoring evaluation framework developed planning phase sufficient resource expertise allocated task outset.those planning disarmament demobilization phase shall work tandem reintegration phase planner expert ensure smooth transition specifically programme sufficient resource capacity absorb demo bilized group applicable ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6. Well-planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A well-planned reintegration programme shall assess and respond to the specific needs of its male and female participants (i.e. gender-sensitive planning), who might be children, youth, adults, elders and\/or persons with disabilities.Effective and sustainable reintegration depends on early planning that is based on: a comprehensive understanding of the local context, a clear and unambiguous agreement among all stakeholders about objectives and results of the programme, the establishment of realistic timeframes, clear budgeting requirements and human resource needs, and a clearly defined programme exit strategy. Planning shall be based on existing assessments which include conflict and security analyses, gender analyses, early recovery and\/or post-conflict needs assessments, in addition to reintegration-specific assessments. Reinte- gration practitioners shall furthermore ensure a results-based monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework is developed during the planning phase and that sufficient resources and expertise are allocated for this task at the outset.Those planning the disarmament and demobilization phases shall work in tandem with the reintegration phase planners and experts to ensure a smooth transition, and more specifically that the programme has sufficient resources and capacity to absorb the demo- bilized groups, where applicable. It is important that promises on reintegration assistance are not made during the disarmament and demobilization phases that cannot be deliv- ered upon later.Finally, planning should recognize that DDR programming does not take place in a vacuum. Planners should therefore carefully consider, and where possible link with, other early recovery and peacebuilding initiatives and processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":832, "Sentence":"It is important that promises on reintegration assistance are not made during the disarmament and demobilization phases that cannot be deliv- ered upon later.Finally, planning should recognize that DDR programming does not take place in a vacuum.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration important promise reintegration assistance made disarmament demobilization phase deliv ered upon later.finally planning recognize ddr programming take place vacuum ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6. Well-planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A well-planned reintegration programme shall assess and respond to the specific needs of its male and female participants (i.e. gender-sensitive planning), who might be children, youth, adults, elders and\/or persons with disabilities.Effective and sustainable reintegration depends on early planning that is based on: a comprehensive understanding of the local context, a clear and unambiguous agreement among all stakeholders about objectives and results of the programme, the establishment of realistic timeframes, clear budgeting requirements and human resource needs, and a clearly defined programme exit strategy. Planning shall be based on existing assessments which include conflict and security analyses, gender analyses, early recovery and\/or post-conflict needs assessments, in addition to reintegration-specific assessments. Reinte- gration practitioners shall furthermore ensure a results-based monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework is developed during the planning phase and that sufficient resources and expertise are allocated for this task at the outset.Those planning the disarmament and demobilization phases shall work in tandem with the reintegration phase planners and experts to ensure a smooth transition, and more specifically that the programme has sufficient resources and capacity to absorb the demo- bilized groups, where applicable. It is important that promises on reintegration assistance are not made during the disarmament and demobilization phases that cannot be deliv- ered upon later.Finally, planning should recognize that DDR programming does not take place in a vacuum. Planners should therefore carefully consider, and where possible link with, other early recovery and peacebuilding initiatives and processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":832, "Sentence":"Planners should therefore carefully consider, and where possible link with, other early recovery and peacebuilding initiatives and processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration planner therefore carefully consider possible link early recovery peacebuilding initiative process ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7. Gender-sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes shall be designed, implemented and evaluated in a gen- der-sensitive manner. Gender-sensitive reintegration includes planning based upon sex-disaggregated data so that programmes can identify the specific needs and potentials of women, men, boys and girls. Women\u2019s and young girls\u2019 needs may include availability of child care facilities, access to land, property and livelihoods resources and rehabil- itation from sexual violence, whereas men and young boys may need more support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse, for example.In cases where women have self-demobilized or were excluded from DDR prog- ammes by commanders, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the formal or official reintegration programme, if they so choose. Female-specific reintegration pro- grammes may also be devised to address those women who will not access reintegration opportunities in official DDR programmes to avoid further stigmatization.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, DDR staff, local stakeholders and implementing parterns may need to receive gender training and other capacity development. Public information and sensitization may also benefit from collab- oration with women\u2019s and men\u2019s organizations to address gender-specific needs.Gender-sensitive monitoring and evaluation requires that the DDR M&E framework includes gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender. Reintegration pro- grammes should seek specific funding for such initiatives, and should work to monitor and evaluate the gender appropriateness of programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":833, "Sentence":"Reintegration programmes shall be designed, implemented and evaluated in a gen- der-sensitive manner.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration programme shall designed implemented evaluated gen dersensitive manner ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7. Gender-sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes shall be designed, implemented and evaluated in a gen- der-sensitive manner. Gender-sensitive reintegration includes planning based upon sex-disaggregated data so that programmes can identify the specific needs and potentials of women, men, boys and girls. Women\u2019s and young girls\u2019 needs may include availability of child care facilities, access to land, property and livelihoods resources and rehabil- itation from sexual violence, whereas men and young boys may need more support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse, for example.In cases where women have self-demobilized or were excluded from DDR prog- ammes by commanders, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the formal or official reintegration programme, if they so choose. Female-specific reintegration pro- grammes may also be devised to address those women who will not access reintegration opportunities in official DDR programmes to avoid further stigmatization.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, DDR staff, local stakeholders and implementing parterns may need to receive gender training and other capacity development. Public information and sensitization may also benefit from collab- oration with women\u2019s and men\u2019s organizations to address gender-specific needs.Gender-sensitive monitoring and evaluation requires that the DDR M&E framework includes gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender. Reintegration pro- grammes should seek specific funding for such initiatives, and should work to monitor and evaluate the gender appropriateness of programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":833, "Sentence":"Gender-sensitive reintegration includes planning based upon sex-disaggregated data so that programmes can identify the specific needs and potentials of women, men, boys and girls.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration gendersensitive reintegration includes planning based upon sexdisaggregated data programme identify specific need potential woman men boy girl ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7. Gender-sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes shall be designed, implemented and evaluated in a gen- der-sensitive manner. Gender-sensitive reintegration includes planning based upon sex-disaggregated data so that programmes can identify the specific needs and potentials of women, men, boys and girls. Women\u2019s and young girls\u2019 needs may include availability of child care facilities, access to land, property and livelihoods resources and rehabil- itation from sexual violence, whereas men and young boys may need more support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse, for example.In cases where women have self-demobilized or were excluded from DDR prog- ammes by commanders, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the formal or official reintegration programme, if they so choose. Female-specific reintegration pro- grammes may also be devised to address those women who will not access reintegration opportunities in official DDR programmes to avoid further stigmatization.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, DDR staff, local stakeholders and implementing parterns may need to receive gender training and other capacity development. Public information and sensitization may also benefit from collab- oration with women\u2019s and men\u2019s organizations to address gender-specific needs.Gender-sensitive monitoring and evaluation requires that the DDR M&E framework includes gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender. Reintegration pro- grammes should seek specific funding for such initiatives, and should work to monitor and evaluate the gender appropriateness of programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":833, "Sentence":"Women\u2019s and young girls\u2019 needs may include availability of child care facilities, access to land, property and livelihoods resources and rehabil- itation from sexual violence, whereas men and young boys may need more support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse, for example.In cases where women have self-demobilized or were excluded from DDR prog- ammes by commanders, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the formal or official reintegration programme, if they so choose.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration woman \u2019 young girl \u2019 need may include availability child care facility access land property livelihood resource rehabil itation sexual violence whereas men young boy may need support overcome socialization violence substance abuse example.in case woman selfdemobilized excluded ddr prog ammes commander effort made provide access formal official reintegration programme choose ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7. Gender-sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes shall be designed, implemented and evaluated in a gen- der-sensitive manner. Gender-sensitive reintegration includes planning based upon sex-disaggregated data so that programmes can identify the specific needs and potentials of women, men, boys and girls. Women\u2019s and young girls\u2019 needs may include availability of child care facilities, access to land, property and livelihoods resources and rehabil- itation from sexual violence, whereas men and young boys may need more support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse, for example.In cases where women have self-demobilized or were excluded from DDR prog- ammes by commanders, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the formal or official reintegration programme, if they so choose. Female-specific reintegration pro- grammes may also be devised to address those women who will not access reintegration opportunities in official DDR programmes to avoid further stigmatization.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, DDR staff, local stakeholders and implementing parterns may need to receive gender training and other capacity development. Public information and sensitization may also benefit from collab- oration with women\u2019s and men\u2019s organizations to address gender-specific needs.Gender-sensitive monitoring and evaluation requires that the DDR M&E framework includes gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender. Reintegration pro- grammes should seek specific funding for such initiatives, and should work to monitor and evaluate the gender appropriateness of programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":833, "Sentence":"Female-specific reintegration pro- grammes may also be devised to address those women who will not access reintegration opportunities in official DDR programmes to avoid further stigmatization.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, DDR staff, local stakeholders and implementing parterns may need to receive gender training and other capacity development.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration femalespecific reintegration pro gramme may also devised address woman access reintegration opportunity official ddr programme avoid stigmatization.in order implement genderresponsive reintegration programme ddr staff local stakeholder implementing parterns may need receive gender training capacity development ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7. Gender-sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes shall be designed, implemented and evaluated in a gen- der-sensitive manner. Gender-sensitive reintegration includes planning based upon sex-disaggregated data so that programmes can identify the specific needs and potentials of women, men, boys and girls. Women\u2019s and young girls\u2019 needs may include availability of child care facilities, access to land, property and livelihoods resources and rehabil- itation from sexual violence, whereas men and young boys may need more support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse, for example.In cases where women have self-demobilized or were excluded from DDR prog- ammes by commanders, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the formal or official reintegration programme, if they so choose. Female-specific reintegration pro- grammes may also be devised to address those women who will not access reintegration opportunities in official DDR programmes to avoid further stigmatization.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, DDR staff, local stakeholders and implementing parterns may need to receive gender training and other capacity development. Public information and sensitization may also benefit from collab- oration with women\u2019s and men\u2019s organizations to address gender-specific needs.Gender-sensitive monitoring and evaluation requires that the DDR M&E framework includes gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender. Reintegration pro- grammes should seek specific funding for such initiatives, and should work to monitor and evaluate the gender appropriateness of programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":833, "Sentence":"Public information and sensitization may also benefit from collab- oration with women\u2019s and men\u2019s organizations to address gender-specific needs.Gender-sensitive monitoring and evaluation requires that the DDR M&E framework includes gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration public information sensitization may also benefit collab oration woman \u2019 men \u2019 organization address genderspecific needs.gendersensitive monitoring evaluation requires ddr framework includes genderrelated indicator specific assessment gender ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7. Gender-sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes shall be designed, implemented and evaluated in a gen- der-sensitive manner. Gender-sensitive reintegration includes planning based upon sex-disaggregated data so that programmes can identify the specific needs and potentials of women, men, boys and girls. Women\u2019s and young girls\u2019 needs may include availability of child care facilities, access to land, property and livelihoods resources and rehabil- itation from sexual violence, whereas men and young boys may need more support to overcome socialization to violence and substance abuse, for example.In cases where women have self-demobilized or were excluded from DDR prog- ammes by commanders, efforts should be made to provide them with access to the formal or official reintegration programme, if they so choose. Female-specific reintegration pro- grammes may also be devised to address those women who will not access reintegration opportunities in official DDR programmes to avoid further stigmatization.In order to implement gender-responsive reintegration programmes, DDR staff, local stakeholders and implementing parterns may need to receive gender training and other capacity development. Public information and sensitization may also benefit from collab- oration with women\u2019s and men\u2019s organizations to address gender-specific needs.Gender-sensitive monitoring and evaluation requires that the DDR M&E framework includes gender-related indicators and specific assessments on gender. Reintegration pro- grammes should seek specific funding for such initiatives, and should work to monitor and evaluate the gender appropriateness of programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":833, "Sentence":"Reintegration pro- grammes should seek specific funding for such initiatives, and should work to monitor and evaluate the gender appropriateness of programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration pro gramme seek specific funding initiative work monitor evaluate gender appropriateness programme ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"5. Transitioning from reinsertion to reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In post-conflict settings that require economic revitalization and infrastructure develop- ment, the transition of ex-combatants to reintegration may be facilitated through reinsertion interventions. These short-term interventions are sometimes termed stabilization or \u2018stop gap\u2019 measures and may take on various forms, such as emergency employment, liveli- hood and start-up grants or quick-impact projects (QIPs).Reinsertion assistance should not be confused with or substituted for reintegration programme assistance; reinsertion assistance is meant to assist ex-combatants, associated groups and their families for a limited period of time until the reintegration programme begins, filling the gap in support often present between demobilization and reintegration activities. Although reinsertion is considered as part of the demobilization phase, it is important to understand that it is closely linked with and can support reintegration. In fact, these two phases at times overlap or run almost parallel to each other with different levels of intensity, as seen in the figure below. DPKO budgets will likely cover up to one year of reinsertion assistance. However, in some cases reinsertion may last beyond the one year mark.Reinsertion is often focused on economic aspects of the reintegration process, but does not guarantee sustainable income for ex-combatants and associated groups. Reinte- gration takes place by definition at the community level, should lead to sustainable income, social belonging and political participation. Reintegration aims to tackle the motives that led ex-combatants to join armed forces and groups. Wand when successful, it dissuades ex-combatants and associated groups from re-joining and\/or makes re-recruitment efforts useless.If well designed, reinsertion activities can buy the necessary time and\/or space to establish better conditions for reintegration programmes to be prepared. Reinsertion train- ing initiatives and emergency employment and quick-impact projects can also serve to demonstrate peace dividends to communities, especially in areas suffering from destroyed infrastructure and lacking in basic services like water, roads and communication. Rein- sertion and reintegration should therefore be jointly planned to maximize opportunities for the latter to meaningfully support the former (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization for more information on reinsertion activities).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":834, "Sentence":"In post-conflict settings that require economic revitalization and infrastructure develop- ment, the transition of ex-combatants to reintegration may be facilitated through reinsertion interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration postconflict setting require economic revitalization infrastructure develop ment transition excombatants reintegration may facilitated reinsertion intervention ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"5. Transitioning from reinsertion to reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In post-conflict settings that require economic revitalization and infrastructure develop- ment, the transition of ex-combatants to reintegration may be facilitated through reinsertion interventions. These short-term interventions are sometimes termed stabilization or \u2018stop gap\u2019 measures and may take on various forms, such as emergency employment, liveli- hood and start-up grants or quick-impact projects (QIPs).Reinsertion assistance should not be confused with or substituted for reintegration programme assistance; reinsertion assistance is meant to assist ex-combatants, associated groups and their families for a limited period of time until the reintegration programme begins, filling the gap in support often present between demobilization and reintegration activities. Although reinsertion is considered as part of the demobilization phase, it is important to understand that it is closely linked with and can support reintegration. In fact, these two phases at times overlap or run almost parallel to each other with different levels of intensity, as seen in the figure below. DPKO budgets will likely cover up to one year of reinsertion assistance. However, in some cases reinsertion may last beyond the one year mark.Reinsertion is often focused on economic aspects of the reintegration process, but does not guarantee sustainable income for ex-combatants and associated groups. Reinte- gration takes place by definition at the community level, should lead to sustainable income, social belonging and political participation. Reintegration aims to tackle the motives that led ex-combatants to join armed forces and groups. Wand when successful, it dissuades ex-combatants and associated groups from re-joining and\/or makes re-recruitment efforts useless.If well designed, reinsertion activities can buy the necessary time and\/or space to establish better conditions for reintegration programmes to be prepared. Reinsertion train- ing initiatives and emergency employment and quick-impact projects can also serve to demonstrate peace dividends to communities, especially in areas suffering from destroyed infrastructure and lacking in basic services like water, roads and communication. Rein- sertion and reintegration should therefore be jointly planned to maximize opportunities for the latter to meaningfully support the former (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization for more information on reinsertion activities).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":834, "Sentence":"These short-term interventions are sometimes termed stabilization or \u2018stop gap\u2019 measures and may take on various forms, such as emergency employment, liveli- hood and start-up grants or quick-impact projects (QIPs).Reinsertion assistance should not be confused with or substituted for reintegration programme assistance; reinsertion assistance is meant to assist ex-combatants, associated groups and their families for a limited period of time until the reintegration programme begins, filling the gap in support often present between demobilization and reintegration activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration shortterm intervention sometimes termed stabilization \u2018 stop gap \u2019 measure may take various form emergency employment liveli hood startup grant quickimpact project qips.reinsertion assistance confused substituted reintegration programme assistance reinsertion assistance meant assist excombatants associated group family limited period time reintegration programme begin filling gap support often present demobilization reintegration activity ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"5. Transitioning from reinsertion to reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In post-conflict settings that require economic revitalization and infrastructure develop- ment, the transition of ex-combatants to reintegration may be facilitated through reinsertion interventions. These short-term interventions are sometimes termed stabilization or \u2018stop gap\u2019 measures and may take on various forms, such as emergency employment, liveli- hood and start-up grants or quick-impact projects (QIPs).Reinsertion assistance should not be confused with or substituted for reintegration programme assistance; reinsertion assistance is meant to assist ex-combatants, associated groups and their families for a limited period of time until the reintegration programme begins, filling the gap in support often present between demobilization and reintegration activities. Although reinsertion is considered as part of the demobilization phase, it is important to understand that it is closely linked with and can support reintegration. In fact, these two phases at times overlap or run almost parallel to each other with different levels of intensity, as seen in the figure below. DPKO budgets will likely cover up to one year of reinsertion assistance. However, in some cases reinsertion may last beyond the one year mark.Reinsertion is often focused on economic aspects of the reintegration process, but does not guarantee sustainable income for ex-combatants and associated groups. Reinte- gration takes place by definition at the community level, should lead to sustainable income, social belonging and political participation. Reintegration aims to tackle the motives that led ex-combatants to join armed forces and groups. Wand when successful, it dissuades ex-combatants and associated groups from re-joining and\/or makes re-recruitment efforts useless.If well designed, reinsertion activities can buy the necessary time and\/or space to establish better conditions for reintegration programmes to be prepared. Reinsertion train- ing initiatives and emergency employment and quick-impact projects can also serve to demonstrate peace dividends to communities, especially in areas suffering from destroyed infrastructure and lacking in basic services like water, roads and communication. Rein- sertion and reintegration should therefore be jointly planned to maximize opportunities for the latter to meaningfully support the former (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization for more information on reinsertion activities).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":834, "Sentence":"Although reinsertion is considered as part of the demobilization phase, it is important to understand that it is closely linked with and can support reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration although reinsertion considered part demobilization phase important understand closely linked support reintegration ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"5. Transitioning from reinsertion to reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In post-conflict settings that require economic revitalization and infrastructure develop- ment, the transition of ex-combatants to reintegration may be facilitated through reinsertion interventions. These short-term interventions are sometimes termed stabilization or \u2018stop gap\u2019 measures and may take on various forms, such as emergency employment, liveli- hood and start-up grants or quick-impact projects (QIPs).Reinsertion assistance should not be confused with or substituted for reintegration programme assistance; reinsertion assistance is meant to assist ex-combatants, associated groups and their families for a limited period of time until the reintegration programme begins, filling the gap in support often present between demobilization and reintegration activities. Although reinsertion is considered as part of the demobilization phase, it is important to understand that it is closely linked with and can support reintegration. In fact, these two phases at times overlap or run almost parallel to each other with different levels of intensity, as seen in the figure below. DPKO budgets will likely cover up to one year of reinsertion assistance. However, in some cases reinsertion may last beyond the one year mark.Reinsertion is often focused on economic aspects of the reintegration process, but does not guarantee sustainable income for ex-combatants and associated groups. Reinte- gration takes place by definition at the community level, should lead to sustainable income, social belonging and political participation. Reintegration aims to tackle the motives that led ex-combatants to join armed forces and groups. Wand when successful, it dissuades ex-combatants and associated groups from re-joining and\/or makes re-recruitment efforts useless.If well designed, reinsertion activities can buy the necessary time and\/or space to establish better conditions for reintegration programmes to be prepared. Reinsertion train- ing initiatives and emergency employment and quick-impact projects can also serve to demonstrate peace dividends to communities, especially in areas suffering from destroyed infrastructure and lacking in basic services like water, roads and communication. Rein- sertion and reintegration should therefore be jointly planned to maximize opportunities for the latter to meaningfully support the former (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization for more information on reinsertion activities).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":834, "Sentence":"In fact, these two phases at times overlap or run almost parallel to each other with different levels of intensity, as seen in the figure below.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration fact two phase time overlap run almost parallel different level intensity seen figure ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"5. Transitioning from reinsertion to reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In post-conflict settings that require economic revitalization and infrastructure develop- ment, the transition of ex-combatants to reintegration may be facilitated through reinsertion interventions. These short-term interventions are sometimes termed stabilization or \u2018stop gap\u2019 measures and may take on various forms, such as emergency employment, liveli- hood and start-up grants or quick-impact projects (QIPs).Reinsertion assistance should not be confused with or substituted for reintegration programme assistance; reinsertion assistance is meant to assist ex-combatants, associated groups and their families for a limited period of time until the reintegration programme begins, filling the gap in support often present between demobilization and reintegration activities. Although reinsertion is considered as part of the demobilization phase, it is important to understand that it is closely linked with and can support reintegration. In fact, these two phases at times overlap or run almost parallel to each other with different levels of intensity, as seen in the figure below. DPKO budgets will likely cover up to one year of reinsertion assistance. However, in some cases reinsertion may last beyond the one year mark.Reinsertion is often focused on economic aspects of the reintegration process, but does not guarantee sustainable income for ex-combatants and associated groups. Reinte- gration takes place by definition at the community level, should lead to sustainable income, social belonging and political participation. Reintegration aims to tackle the motives that led ex-combatants to join armed forces and groups. Wand when successful, it dissuades ex-combatants and associated groups from re-joining and\/or makes re-recruitment efforts useless.If well designed, reinsertion activities can buy the necessary time and\/or space to establish better conditions for reintegration programmes to be prepared. Reinsertion train- ing initiatives and emergency employment and quick-impact projects can also serve to demonstrate peace dividends to communities, especially in areas suffering from destroyed infrastructure and lacking in basic services like water, roads and communication. Rein- sertion and reintegration should therefore be jointly planned to maximize opportunities for the latter to meaningfully support the former (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization for more information on reinsertion activities).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":834, "Sentence":"DPKO budgets will likely cover up to one year of reinsertion assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration dpko budget likely cover one year reinsertion assistance ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"5. Transitioning from reinsertion to reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In post-conflict settings that require economic revitalization and infrastructure develop- ment, the transition of ex-combatants to reintegration may be facilitated through reinsertion interventions. These short-term interventions are sometimes termed stabilization or \u2018stop gap\u2019 measures and may take on various forms, such as emergency employment, liveli- hood and start-up grants or quick-impact projects (QIPs).Reinsertion assistance should not be confused with or substituted for reintegration programme assistance; reinsertion assistance is meant to assist ex-combatants, associated groups and their families for a limited period of time until the reintegration programme begins, filling the gap in support often present between demobilization and reintegration activities. Although reinsertion is considered as part of the demobilization phase, it is important to understand that it is closely linked with and can support reintegration. In fact, these two phases at times overlap or run almost parallel to each other with different levels of intensity, as seen in the figure below. DPKO budgets will likely cover up to one year of reinsertion assistance. However, in some cases reinsertion may last beyond the one year mark.Reinsertion is often focused on economic aspects of the reintegration process, but does not guarantee sustainable income for ex-combatants and associated groups. Reinte- gration takes place by definition at the community level, should lead to sustainable income, social belonging and political participation. Reintegration aims to tackle the motives that led ex-combatants to join armed forces and groups. Wand when successful, it dissuades ex-combatants and associated groups from re-joining and\/or makes re-recruitment efforts useless.If well designed, reinsertion activities can buy the necessary time and\/or space to establish better conditions for reintegration programmes to be prepared. Reinsertion train- ing initiatives and emergency employment and quick-impact projects can also serve to demonstrate peace dividends to communities, especially in areas suffering from destroyed infrastructure and lacking in basic services like water, roads and communication. Rein- sertion and reintegration should therefore be jointly planned to maximize opportunities for the latter to meaningfully support the former (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization for more information on reinsertion activities).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":834, "Sentence":"However, in some cases reinsertion may last beyond the one year mark.Reinsertion is often focused on economic aspects of the reintegration process, but does not guarantee sustainable income for ex-combatants and associated groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration however case reinsertion may last beyond one year mark.reinsertion often focused economic aspect reintegration process guarantee sustainable income excombatants associated group ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"5. Transitioning from reinsertion to reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In post-conflict settings that require economic revitalization and infrastructure develop- ment, the transition of ex-combatants to reintegration may be facilitated through reinsertion interventions. These short-term interventions are sometimes termed stabilization or \u2018stop gap\u2019 measures and may take on various forms, such as emergency employment, liveli- hood and start-up grants or quick-impact projects (QIPs).Reinsertion assistance should not be confused with or substituted for reintegration programme assistance; reinsertion assistance is meant to assist ex-combatants, associated groups and their families for a limited period of time until the reintegration programme begins, filling the gap in support often present between demobilization and reintegration activities. Although reinsertion is considered as part of the demobilization phase, it is important to understand that it is closely linked with and can support reintegration. In fact, these two phases at times overlap or run almost parallel to each other with different levels of intensity, as seen in the figure below. DPKO budgets will likely cover up to one year of reinsertion assistance. However, in some cases reinsertion may last beyond the one year mark.Reinsertion is often focused on economic aspects of the reintegration process, but does not guarantee sustainable income for ex-combatants and associated groups. Reinte- gration takes place by definition at the community level, should lead to sustainable income, social belonging and political participation. Reintegration aims to tackle the motives that led ex-combatants to join armed forces and groups. Wand when successful, it dissuades ex-combatants and associated groups from re-joining and\/or makes re-recruitment efforts useless.If well designed, reinsertion activities can buy the necessary time and\/or space to establish better conditions for reintegration programmes to be prepared. Reinsertion train- ing initiatives and emergency employment and quick-impact projects can also serve to demonstrate peace dividends to communities, especially in areas suffering from destroyed infrastructure and lacking in basic services like water, roads and communication. Rein- sertion and reintegration should therefore be jointly planned to maximize opportunities for the latter to meaningfully support the former (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization for more information on reinsertion activities).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":834, "Sentence":"Reinte- gration takes place by definition at the community level, should lead to sustainable income, social belonging and political participation.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reinte gration take place definition community level lead sustainable income social belonging political participation ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"5. Transitioning from reinsertion to reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In post-conflict settings that require economic revitalization and infrastructure develop- ment, the transition of ex-combatants to reintegration may be facilitated through reinsertion interventions. These short-term interventions are sometimes termed stabilization or \u2018stop gap\u2019 measures and may take on various forms, such as emergency employment, liveli- hood and start-up grants or quick-impact projects (QIPs).Reinsertion assistance should not be confused with or substituted for reintegration programme assistance; reinsertion assistance is meant to assist ex-combatants, associated groups and their families for a limited period of time until the reintegration programme begins, filling the gap in support often present between demobilization and reintegration activities. Although reinsertion is considered as part of the demobilization phase, it is important to understand that it is closely linked with and can support reintegration. In fact, these two phases at times overlap or run almost parallel to each other with different levels of intensity, as seen in the figure below. DPKO budgets will likely cover up to one year of reinsertion assistance. However, in some cases reinsertion may last beyond the one year mark.Reinsertion is often focused on economic aspects of the reintegration process, but does not guarantee sustainable income for ex-combatants and associated groups. Reinte- gration takes place by definition at the community level, should lead to sustainable income, social belonging and political participation. Reintegration aims to tackle the motives that led ex-combatants to join armed forces and groups. Wand when successful, it dissuades ex-combatants and associated groups from re-joining and\/or makes re-recruitment efforts useless.If well designed, reinsertion activities can buy the necessary time and\/or space to establish better conditions for reintegration programmes to be prepared. Reinsertion train- ing initiatives and emergency employment and quick-impact projects can also serve to demonstrate peace dividends to communities, especially in areas suffering from destroyed infrastructure and lacking in basic services like water, roads and communication. Rein- sertion and reintegration should therefore be jointly planned to maximize opportunities for the latter to meaningfully support the former (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization for more information on reinsertion activities).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":834, "Sentence":"Reintegration aims to tackle the motives that led ex-combatants to join armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration aim tackle motif led excombatants join armed force group ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"5. Transitioning from reinsertion to reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In post-conflict settings that require economic revitalization and infrastructure develop- ment, the transition of ex-combatants to reintegration may be facilitated through reinsertion interventions. These short-term interventions are sometimes termed stabilization or \u2018stop gap\u2019 measures and may take on various forms, such as emergency employment, liveli- hood and start-up grants or quick-impact projects (QIPs).Reinsertion assistance should not be confused with or substituted for reintegration programme assistance; reinsertion assistance is meant to assist ex-combatants, associated groups and their families for a limited period of time until the reintegration programme begins, filling the gap in support often present between demobilization and reintegration activities. Although reinsertion is considered as part of the demobilization phase, it is important to understand that it is closely linked with and can support reintegration. In fact, these two phases at times overlap or run almost parallel to each other with different levels of intensity, as seen in the figure below. DPKO budgets will likely cover up to one year of reinsertion assistance. However, in some cases reinsertion may last beyond the one year mark.Reinsertion is often focused on economic aspects of the reintegration process, but does not guarantee sustainable income for ex-combatants and associated groups. Reinte- gration takes place by definition at the community level, should lead to sustainable income, social belonging and political participation. Reintegration aims to tackle the motives that led ex-combatants to join armed forces and groups. Wand when successful, it dissuades ex-combatants and associated groups from re-joining and\/or makes re-recruitment efforts useless.If well designed, reinsertion activities can buy the necessary time and\/or space to establish better conditions for reintegration programmes to be prepared. Reinsertion train- ing initiatives and emergency employment and quick-impact projects can also serve to demonstrate peace dividends to communities, especially in areas suffering from destroyed infrastructure and lacking in basic services like water, roads and communication. Rein- sertion and reintegration should therefore be jointly planned to maximize opportunities for the latter to meaningfully support the former (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization for more information on reinsertion activities).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":834, "Sentence":"Wand when successful, it dissuades ex-combatants and associated groups from re-joining and\/or makes re-recruitment efforts useless.If well designed, reinsertion activities can buy the necessary time and\/or space to establish better conditions for reintegration programmes to be prepared.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration wand successful dissuades excombatants associated group rejoining and\/or make rerecruitment effort useless.if well designed reinsertion activity buy necessary time and\/or space establish better condition reintegration programme prepared ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"5. Transitioning from reinsertion to reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In post-conflict settings that require economic revitalization and infrastructure develop- ment, the transition of ex-combatants to reintegration may be facilitated through reinsertion interventions. These short-term interventions are sometimes termed stabilization or \u2018stop gap\u2019 measures and may take on various forms, such as emergency employment, liveli- hood and start-up grants or quick-impact projects (QIPs).Reinsertion assistance should not be confused with or substituted for reintegration programme assistance; reinsertion assistance is meant to assist ex-combatants, associated groups and their families for a limited period of time until the reintegration programme begins, filling the gap in support often present between demobilization and reintegration activities. Although reinsertion is considered as part of the demobilization phase, it is important to understand that it is closely linked with and can support reintegration. In fact, these two phases at times overlap or run almost parallel to each other with different levels of intensity, as seen in the figure below. DPKO budgets will likely cover up to one year of reinsertion assistance. However, in some cases reinsertion may last beyond the one year mark.Reinsertion is often focused on economic aspects of the reintegration process, but does not guarantee sustainable income for ex-combatants and associated groups. Reinte- gration takes place by definition at the community level, should lead to sustainable income, social belonging and political participation. Reintegration aims to tackle the motives that led ex-combatants to join armed forces and groups. Wand when successful, it dissuades ex-combatants and associated groups from re-joining and\/or makes re-recruitment efforts useless.If well designed, reinsertion activities can buy the necessary time and\/or space to establish better conditions for reintegration programmes to be prepared. Reinsertion train- ing initiatives and emergency employment and quick-impact projects can also serve to demonstrate peace dividends to communities, especially in areas suffering from destroyed infrastructure and lacking in basic services like water, roads and communication. Rein- sertion and reintegration should therefore be jointly planned to maximize opportunities for the latter to meaningfully support the former (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization for more information on reinsertion activities).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":834, "Sentence":"Reinsertion train- ing initiatives and emergency employment and quick-impact projects can also serve to demonstrate peace dividends to communities, especially in areas suffering from destroyed infrastructure and lacking in basic services like water, roads and communication.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reinsertion train ing initiative emergency employment quickimpact project also serve demonstrate peace dividend community especially area suffering destroyed infrastructure lacking basic service like water road communication ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"5. Transitioning from reinsertion to reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In post-conflict settings that require economic revitalization and infrastructure develop- ment, the transition of ex-combatants to reintegration may be facilitated through reinsertion interventions. These short-term interventions are sometimes termed stabilization or \u2018stop gap\u2019 measures and may take on various forms, such as emergency employment, liveli- hood and start-up grants or quick-impact projects (QIPs).Reinsertion assistance should not be confused with or substituted for reintegration programme assistance; reinsertion assistance is meant to assist ex-combatants, associated groups and their families for a limited period of time until the reintegration programme begins, filling the gap in support often present between demobilization and reintegration activities. Although reinsertion is considered as part of the demobilization phase, it is important to understand that it is closely linked with and can support reintegration. In fact, these two phases at times overlap or run almost parallel to each other with different levels of intensity, as seen in the figure below. DPKO budgets will likely cover up to one year of reinsertion assistance. However, in some cases reinsertion may last beyond the one year mark.Reinsertion is often focused on economic aspects of the reintegration process, but does not guarantee sustainable income for ex-combatants and associated groups. Reinte- gration takes place by definition at the community level, should lead to sustainable income, social belonging and political participation. Reintegration aims to tackle the motives that led ex-combatants to join armed forces and groups. Wand when successful, it dissuades ex-combatants and associated groups from re-joining and\/or makes re-recruitment efforts useless.If well designed, reinsertion activities can buy the necessary time and\/or space to establish better conditions for reintegration programmes to be prepared. Reinsertion train- ing initiatives and emergency employment and quick-impact projects can also serve to demonstrate peace dividends to communities, especially in areas suffering from destroyed infrastructure and lacking in basic services like water, roads and communication. Rein- sertion and reintegration should therefore be jointly planned to maximize opportunities for the latter to meaningfully support the former (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization for more information on reinsertion activities).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":834, "Sentence":"Rein- sertion and reintegration should therefore be jointly planned to maximize opportunities for the latter to meaningfully support the former (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization for more information on reinsertion activities).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration rein sertion reintegration therefore jointly planned maximize opportunity latter meaningfully support former see module 4.20 demobilization information reinsertion activity ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants represent the different options avail- able to DDR planners when defining the reintegration strategy. The approaches discussed are not mutually exclusive. Rather, they can be used in an appropriate mix, timing and sequencing in order to support the overall goal of the specific DDR programme.An understanding of the needs and capacities of the ex-combatants, how they were psychosocially affected by the conflict, whether they are marginalized or not, the absorp- tive capacities of the receiving communities\u2019 labour markets, and the functionality of related markets and resources (land, natural resources and capital), including the local political (power dynamics) and institutional realities, should guide programme design and resource allocation. Local knowledge of these dynamics is essential to informing pro- gramme design.Based on the data gathered and its analysis, programme planners and practitioners should build consensus with partners and stakeholders on how to best allocate available resources to provide reintegration support to the identified participants and beneficiaries, deciding on the appropriate approach or mix of approaches.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":835, "Sentence":"The approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants represent the different options avail- able to DDR planners when defining the reintegration strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration approach reintegration excombatants represent different option avail able ddr planner defining reintegration strategy ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants represent the different options avail- able to DDR planners when defining the reintegration strategy. The approaches discussed are not mutually exclusive. Rather, they can be used in an appropriate mix, timing and sequencing in order to support the overall goal of the specific DDR programme.An understanding of the needs and capacities of the ex-combatants, how they were psychosocially affected by the conflict, whether they are marginalized or not, the absorp- tive capacities of the receiving communities\u2019 labour markets, and the functionality of related markets and resources (land, natural resources and capital), including the local political (power dynamics) and institutional realities, should guide programme design and resource allocation. Local knowledge of these dynamics is essential to informing pro- gramme design.Based on the data gathered and its analysis, programme planners and practitioners should build consensus with partners and stakeholders on how to best allocate available resources to provide reintegration support to the identified participants and beneficiaries, deciding on the appropriate approach or mix of approaches.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":835, "Sentence":"The approaches discussed are not mutually exclusive.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration approach discussed mutually exclusive ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants represent the different options avail- able to DDR planners when defining the reintegration strategy. The approaches discussed are not mutually exclusive. Rather, they can be used in an appropriate mix, timing and sequencing in order to support the overall goal of the specific DDR programme.An understanding of the needs and capacities of the ex-combatants, how they were psychosocially affected by the conflict, whether they are marginalized or not, the absorp- tive capacities of the receiving communities\u2019 labour markets, and the functionality of related markets and resources (land, natural resources and capital), including the local political (power dynamics) and institutional realities, should guide programme design and resource allocation. Local knowledge of these dynamics is essential to informing pro- gramme design.Based on the data gathered and its analysis, programme planners and practitioners should build consensus with partners and stakeholders on how to best allocate available resources to provide reintegration support to the identified participants and beneficiaries, deciding on the appropriate approach or mix of approaches.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":835, "Sentence":"Rather, they can be used in an appropriate mix, timing and sequencing in order to support the overall goal of the specific DDR programme.An understanding of the needs and capacities of the ex-combatants, how they were psychosocially affected by the conflict, whether they are marginalized or not, the absorp- tive capacities of the receiving communities\u2019 labour markets, and the functionality of related markets and resources (land, natural resources and capital), including the local political (power dynamics) and institutional realities, should guide programme design and resource allocation.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration rather used appropriate mix timing sequencing order support overall goal specific ddr programme.an understanding need capacity excombatants psychosocially affected conflict whether marginalized absorp tive capacity receiving community \u2019 labour market functionality related market resource land natural resource capital including local political power dynamic institutional reality guide programme design resource allocation ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants represent the different options avail- able to DDR planners when defining the reintegration strategy. The approaches discussed are not mutually exclusive. Rather, they can be used in an appropriate mix, timing and sequencing in order to support the overall goal of the specific DDR programme.An understanding of the needs and capacities of the ex-combatants, how they were psychosocially affected by the conflict, whether they are marginalized or not, the absorp- tive capacities of the receiving communities\u2019 labour markets, and the functionality of related markets and resources (land, natural resources and capital), including the local political (power dynamics) and institutional realities, should guide programme design and resource allocation. Local knowledge of these dynamics is essential to informing pro- gramme design.Based on the data gathered and its analysis, programme planners and practitioners should build consensus with partners and stakeholders on how to best allocate available resources to provide reintegration support to the identified participants and beneficiaries, deciding on the appropriate approach or mix of approaches.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":835, "Sentence":"Local knowledge of these dynamics is essential to informing pro- gramme design.Based on the data gathered and its analysis, programme planners and practitioners should build consensus with partners and stakeholders on how to best allocate available resources to provide reintegration support to the identified participants and beneficiaries, deciding on the appropriate approach or mix of approaches.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration local knowledge dynamic essential informing pro gramme design.based data gathered analysis programme planner practitioner build consensus partner stakeholder best allocate available resource provide reintegration support identified participant beneficiary deciding appropriate approach mix approach ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.1. Individual reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In practice, individual reintegration has aimed to provide long-term assistance to each ex-combatant depending upon his\/her specific needs, the nature of the environment of return (urban or rural), and the services available in these locations. Individual reintegra- tion has typically included targeted activities geared towards increasing ex-combatants\u2019 individual employability and enabling their access to productive assets and opportunities. In addition, activities and means that have aimed to facilitate social reintegration \u2013 such as access to land and water, livelihoods assets, life skills training, psychosocial assistance, and activities that stimulate community acceptance \u2013 have been included.The individual reintegration approach has included ongoing technical advice, train- ing and mentoring, and other support services for the individual ex-combatant. Proper and timely advice, adequate monitoring, and follow-up have aimed to keep each ex-combatant focused on his\/her plan and to help him\/her to adapt to the ever-changing post-con- flict environment. Furthermore, assistance has often been delivered through information, counseling and referral services (ICRS).While individual reintegration has historically been a leading approach in the reinte- gration of ex-combatants, lessons learned from DDR programmes around the world have shown that reintegration approaches that include elements of community and family participation and assistance, as well as enlarged targeting principles, have higher success rates. For more information, see section 6.2. on community-based reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":836, "Sentence":"In practice, individual reintegration has aimed to provide long-term assistance to each ex-combatant depending upon his\/her specific needs, the nature of the environment of return (urban or rural), and the services available in these locations.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration practice individual reintegration aimed provide longterm assistance excombatant depending upon his\/her specific need nature environment return urban rural service available location ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.1. Individual reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In practice, individual reintegration has aimed to provide long-term assistance to each ex-combatant depending upon his\/her specific needs, the nature of the environment of return (urban or rural), and the services available in these locations. Individual reintegra- tion has typically included targeted activities geared towards increasing ex-combatants\u2019 individual employability and enabling their access to productive assets and opportunities. In addition, activities and means that have aimed to facilitate social reintegration \u2013 such as access to land and water, livelihoods assets, life skills training, psychosocial assistance, and activities that stimulate community acceptance \u2013 have been included.The individual reintegration approach has included ongoing technical advice, train- ing and mentoring, and other support services for the individual ex-combatant. Proper and timely advice, adequate monitoring, and follow-up have aimed to keep each ex-combatant focused on his\/her plan and to help him\/her to adapt to the ever-changing post-con- flict environment. Furthermore, assistance has often been delivered through information, counseling and referral services (ICRS).While individual reintegration has historically been a leading approach in the reinte- gration of ex-combatants, lessons learned from DDR programmes around the world have shown that reintegration approaches that include elements of community and family participation and assistance, as well as enlarged targeting principles, have higher success rates. For more information, see section 6.2. on community-based reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":836, "Sentence":"Individual reintegra- tion has typically included targeted activities geared towards increasing ex-combatants\u2019 individual employability and enabling their access to productive assets and opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration individual reintegra tion typically included targeted activity geared towards increasing excombatants \u2019 individual employability enabling access productive asset opportunity ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.1. Individual reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In practice, individual reintegration has aimed to provide long-term assistance to each ex-combatant depending upon his\/her specific needs, the nature of the environment of return (urban or rural), and the services available in these locations. Individual reintegra- tion has typically included targeted activities geared towards increasing ex-combatants\u2019 individual employability and enabling their access to productive assets and opportunities. In addition, activities and means that have aimed to facilitate social reintegration \u2013 such as access to land and water, livelihoods assets, life skills training, psychosocial assistance, and activities that stimulate community acceptance \u2013 have been included.The individual reintegration approach has included ongoing technical advice, train- ing and mentoring, and other support services for the individual ex-combatant. Proper and timely advice, adequate monitoring, and follow-up have aimed to keep each ex-combatant focused on his\/her plan and to help him\/her to adapt to the ever-changing post-con- flict environment. Furthermore, assistance has often been delivered through information, counseling and referral services (ICRS).While individual reintegration has historically been a leading approach in the reinte- gration of ex-combatants, lessons learned from DDR programmes around the world have shown that reintegration approaches that include elements of community and family participation and assistance, as well as enlarged targeting principles, have higher success rates. For more information, see section 6.2. on community-based reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":836, "Sentence":"In addition, activities and means that have aimed to facilitate social reintegration \u2013 such as access to land and water, livelihoods assets, life skills training, psychosocial assistance, and activities that stimulate community acceptance \u2013 have been included.The individual reintegration approach has included ongoing technical advice, train- ing and mentoring, and other support services for the individual ex-combatant.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration addition activity mean aimed facilitate social reintegration \u2013 access land water livelihood asset life skill training psychosocial assistance activity stimulate community acceptance \u2013 included.the individual reintegration approach included ongoing technical advice train ing mentoring support service individual excombatant ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.1. Individual reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In practice, individual reintegration has aimed to provide long-term assistance to each ex-combatant depending upon his\/her specific needs, the nature of the environment of return (urban or rural), and the services available in these locations. Individual reintegra- tion has typically included targeted activities geared towards increasing ex-combatants\u2019 individual employability and enabling their access to productive assets and opportunities. In addition, activities and means that have aimed to facilitate social reintegration \u2013 such as access to land and water, livelihoods assets, life skills training, psychosocial assistance, and activities that stimulate community acceptance \u2013 have been included.The individual reintegration approach has included ongoing technical advice, train- ing and mentoring, and other support services for the individual ex-combatant. Proper and timely advice, adequate monitoring, and follow-up have aimed to keep each ex-combatant focused on his\/her plan and to help him\/her to adapt to the ever-changing post-con- flict environment. Furthermore, assistance has often been delivered through information, counseling and referral services (ICRS).While individual reintegration has historically been a leading approach in the reinte- gration of ex-combatants, lessons learned from DDR programmes around the world have shown that reintegration approaches that include elements of community and family participation and assistance, as well as enlarged targeting principles, have higher success rates. For more information, see section 6.2. on community-based reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":836, "Sentence":"Proper and timely advice, adequate monitoring, and follow-up have aimed to keep each ex-combatant focused on his\/her plan and to help him\/her to adapt to the ever-changing post-con- flict environment.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration proper timely advice adequate monitoring followup aimed keep excombatant focused his\/her plan help him\/her adapt everchanging postcon flict environment ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.1. Individual reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In practice, individual reintegration has aimed to provide long-term assistance to each ex-combatant depending upon his\/her specific needs, the nature of the environment of return (urban or rural), and the services available in these locations. Individual reintegra- tion has typically included targeted activities geared towards increasing ex-combatants\u2019 individual employability and enabling their access to productive assets and opportunities. In addition, activities and means that have aimed to facilitate social reintegration \u2013 such as access to land and water, livelihoods assets, life skills training, psychosocial assistance, and activities that stimulate community acceptance \u2013 have been included.The individual reintegration approach has included ongoing technical advice, train- ing and mentoring, and other support services for the individual ex-combatant. Proper and timely advice, adequate monitoring, and follow-up have aimed to keep each ex-combatant focused on his\/her plan and to help him\/her to adapt to the ever-changing post-con- flict environment. Furthermore, assistance has often been delivered through information, counseling and referral services (ICRS).While individual reintegration has historically been a leading approach in the reinte- gration of ex-combatants, lessons learned from DDR programmes around the world have shown that reintegration approaches that include elements of community and family participation and assistance, as well as enlarged targeting principles, have higher success rates. For more information, see section 6.2. on community-based reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":836, "Sentence":"Furthermore, assistance has often been delivered through information, counseling and referral services (ICRS).While individual reintegration has historically been a leading approach in the reinte- gration of ex-combatants, lessons learned from DDR programmes around the world have shown that reintegration approaches that include elements of community and family participation and assistance, as well as enlarged targeting principles, have higher success rates.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration furthermore assistance often delivered information counseling referral service icrs.while individual reintegration historically leading approach reinte gration excombatants lesson learned ddr programme around world shown reintegration approach include element community family participation assistance well enlarged targeting principle higher success rate ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.1. Individual reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In practice, individual reintegration has aimed to provide long-term assistance to each ex-combatant depending upon his\/her specific needs, the nature of the environment of return (urban or rural), and the services available in these locations. Individual reintegra- tion has typically included targeted activities geared towards increasing ex-combatants\u2019 individual employability and enabling their access to productive assets and opportunities. In addition, activities and means that have aimed to facilitate social reintegration \u2013 such as access to land and water, livelihoods assets, life skills training, psychosocial assistance, and activities that stimulate community acceptance \u2013 have been included.The individual reintegration approach has included ongoing technical advice, train- ing and mentoring, and other support services for the individual ex-combatant. Proper and timely advice, adequate monitoring, and follow-up have aimed to keep each ex-combatant focused on his\/her plan and to help him\/her to adapt to the ever-changing post-con- flict environment. Furthermore, assistance has often been delivered through information, counseling and referral services (ICRS).While individual reintegration has historically been a leading approach in the reinte- gration of ex-combatants, lessons learned from DDR programmes around the world have shown that reintegration approaches that include elements of community and family participation and assistance, as well as enlarged targeting principles, have higher success rates. For more information, see section 6.2. on community-based reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":836, "Sentence":"For more information, see section 6.2. on community-based reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration information see section 6.2. communitybased reintegration ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.2. Community-based reintegration (CBR)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Lessons learned from DDR programmes around the world have shown that reintegration approaches that include elements of community and family participation and assistance, as well as enlarged targeting principles, have higher success rates.Where DDR programmes have delivered individual reintegration to ex-combatants alone, the result has often been hostility or resentment on the part of community members who feel excluded from reintegration benefits. The problems arising from such dynamics have created barriers to the goals of social reintegration and the strengthening of com- munity cohesion, ultimately threatening the sustainability of reintegration programmes. Where community members are included in the planning process and provided access to concrete benefits, however, the result is often enhanced local ownership and acceptance of the reintegration programme. Reintegration programmes should therefore facilitate com- munities coming together to discuss and decide on their own priorities and methods that they believe will help in the reintegration of ex-combatants.While it is not the whole community that will receive reintegration assistance, in community-based reintegration approaches ex-combatants are assisted together with other members of the community. Selection criteria and percentages of ex-combatants to community members can vary. Lessons learned have shown that targeting community members with a similar profile to the ex-combatants can be particularly effective (such as unemployed youth).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":837, "Sentence":"Lessons learned from DDR programmes around the world have shown that reintegration approaches that include elements of community and family participation and assistance, as well as enlarged targeting principles, have higher success rates.Where DDR programmes have delivered individual reintegration to ex-combatants alone, the result has often been hostility or resentment on the part of community members who feel excluded from reintegration benefits.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration lesson learned ddr programme around world shown reintegration approach include element community family participation assistance well enlarged targeting principle higher success rates.where ddr programme delivered individual reintegration excombatants alone result often hostility resentment part community member feel excluded reintegration benefit ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.2. Community-based reintegration (CBR)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Lessons learned from DDR programmes around the world have shown that reintegration approaches that include elements of community and family participation and assistance, as well as enlarged targeting principles, have higher success rates.Where DDR programmes have delivered individual reintegration to ex-combatants alone, the result has often been hostility or resentment on the part of community members who feel excluded from reintegration benefits. The problems arising from such dynamics have created barriers to the goals of social reintegration and the strengthening of com- munity cohesion, ultimately threatening the sustainability of reintegration programmes. Where community members are included in the planning process and provided access to concrete benefits, however, the result is often enhanced local ownership and acceptance of the reintegration programme. Reintegration programmes should therefore facilitate com- munities coming together to discuss and decide on their own priorities and methods that they believe will help in the reintegration of ex-combatants.While it is not the whole community that will receive reintegration assistance, in community-based reintegration approaches ex-combatants are assisted together with other members of the community. Selection criteria and percentages of ex-combatants to community members can vary. Lessons learned have shown that targeting community members with a similar profile to the ex-combatants can be particularly effective (such as unemployed youth).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":837, "Sentence":"The problems arising from such dynamics have created barriers to the goals of social reintegration and the strengthening of com- munity cohesion, ultimately threatening the sustainability of reintegration programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration problem arising dynamic created barrier goal social reintegration strengthening com munity cohesion ultimately threatening sustainability reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.2. Community-based reintegration (CBR)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Lessons learned from DDR programmes around the world have shown that reintegration approaches that include elements of community and family participation and assistance, as well as enlarged targeting principles, have higher success rates.Where DDR programmes have delivered individual reintegration to ex-combatants alone, the result has often been hostility or resentment on the part of community members who feel excluded from reintegration benefits. The problems arising from such dynamics have created barriers to the goals of social reintegration and the strengthening of com- munity cohesion, ultimately threatening the sustainability of reintegration programmes. Where community members are included in the planning process and provided access to concrete benefits, however, the result is often enhanced local ownership and acceptance of the reintegration programme. Reintegration programmes should therefore facilitate com- munities coming together to discuss and decide on their own priorities and methods that they believe will help in the reintegration of ex-combatants.While it is not the whole community that will receive reintegration assistance, in community-based reintegration approaches ex-combatants are assisted together with other members of the community. Selection criteria and percentages of ex-combatants to community members can vary. Lessons learned have shown that targeting community members with a similar profile to the ex-combatants can be particularly effective (such as unemployed youth).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":837, "Sentence":"Where community members are included in the planning process and provided access to concrete benefits, however, the result is often enhanced local ownership and acceptance of the reintegration programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration community member included planning process provided access concrete benefit however result often enhanced local ownership acceptance reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.2. Community-based reintegration (CBR)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Lessons learned from DDR programmes around the world have shown that reintegration approaches that include elements of community and family participation and assistance, as well as enlarged targeting principles, have higher success rates.Where DDR programmes have delivered individual reintegration to ex-combatants alone, the result has often been hostility or resentment on the part of community members who feel excluded from reintegration benefits. The problems arising from such dynamics have created barriers to the goals of social reintegration and the strengthening of com- munity cohesion, ultimately threatening the sustainability of reintegration programmes. Where community members are included in the planning process and provided access to concrete benefits, however, the result is often enhanced local ownership and acceptance of the reintegration programme. Reintegration programmes should therefore facilitate com- munities coming together to discuss and decide on their own priorities and methods that they believe will help in the reintegration of ex-combatants.While it is not the whole community that will receive reintegration assistance, in community-based reintegration approaches ex-combatants are assisted together with other members of the community. Selection criteria and percentages of ex-combatants to community members can vary. Lessons learned have shown that targeting community members with a similar profile to the ex-combatants can be particularly effective (such as unemployed youth).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":837, "Sentence":"Reintegration programmes should therefore facilitate com- munities coming together to discuss and decide on their own priorities and methods that they believe will help in the reintegration of ex-combatants.While it is not the whole community that will receive reintegration assistance, in community-based reintegration approaches ex-combatants are assisted together with other members of the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration programme therefore facilitate com munities coming together discus decide priority method believe help reintegration excombatants.while whole community receive reintegration assistance communitybased reintegration approach excombatants assisted together member community ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.2. Community-based reintegration (CBR)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Lessons learned from DDR programmes around the world have shown that reintegration approaches that include elements of community and family participation and assistance, as well as enlarged targeting principles, have higher success rates.Where DDR programmes have delivered individual reintegration to ex-combatants alone, the result has often been hostility or resentment on the part of community members who feel excluded from reintegration benefits. The problems arising from such dynamics have created barriers to the goals of social reintegration and the strengthening of com- munity cohesion, ultimately threatening the sustainability of reintegration programmes. Where community members are included in the planning process and provided access to concrete benefits, however, the result is often enhanced local ownership and acceptance of the reintegration programme. Reintegration programmes should therefore facilitate com- munities coming together to discuss and decide on their own priorities and methods that they believe will help in the reintegration of ex-combatants.While it is not the whole community that will receive reintegration assistance, in community-based reintegration approaches ex-combatants are assisted together with other members of the community. Selection criteria and percentages of ex-combatants to community members can vary. Lessons learned have shown that targeting community members with a similar profile to the ex-combatants can be particularly effective (such as unemployed youth).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":837, "Sentence":"Selection criteria and percentages of ex-combatants to community members can vary.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration selection criterion percentage excombatants community member vary ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.2. Community-based reintegration (CBR)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Lessons learned from DDR programmes around the world have shown that reintegration approaches that include elements of community and family participation and assistance, as well as enlarged targeting principles, have higher success rates.Where DDR programmes have delivered individual reintegration to ex-combatants alone, the result has often been hostility or resentment on the part of community members who feel excluded from reintegration benefits. The problems arising from such dynamics have created barriers to the goals of social reintegration and the strengthening of com- munity cohesion, ultimately threatening the sustainability of reintegration programmes. Where community members are included in the planning process and provided access to concrete benefits, however, the result is often enhanced local ownership and acceptance of the reintegration programme. Reintegration programmes should therefore facilitate com- munities coming together to discuss and decide on their own priorities and methods that they believe will help in the reintegration of ex-combatants.While it is not the whole community that will receive reintegration assistance, in community-based reintegration approaches ex-combatants are assisted together with other members of the community. Selection criteria and percentages of ex-combatants to community members can vary. Lessons learned have shown that targeting community members with a similar profile to the ex-combatants can be particularly effective (such as unemployed youth).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":837, "Sentence":"Lessons learned have shown that targeting community members with a similar profile to the ex-combatants can be particularly effective (such as unemployed youth).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration lesson learned shown targeting community member similar profile excombatants particularly effective unemployed youth ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.2. Community-based reintegration (CBR)", "Heading3":"6.2.1. Dual targeting", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Dual targeting \u2013 providing reintegration assistance that simultaneously targets individ- ual ex-combatants and members of their communities of return or choice \u2013 can create a \u201cwin-win\u201d situation, contributing to the achievement of economic and social goals for both individual participants and community beneficiaries. Such assistance typically targets 50% ex-combatants and 50% conflict-affected community members, though pro- portions may vary depending on the context. This approach promotes greater inclusion in the reintegration process and can prove to be a useful way to manage risks and improve community security.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":838, "Sentence":"Dual targeting \u2013 providing reintegration assistance that simultaneously targets individ- ual ex-combatants and members of their communities of return or choice \u2013 can create a \u201cwin-win\u201d situation, contributing to the achievement of economic and social goals for both individual participants and community beneficiaries.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration dual targeting \u2013 providing reintegration assistance simultaneously target individ ual excombatants member community return choice \u2013 create \u201c winwin \u201d situation contributing achievement economic social goal individual participant community beneficiary ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.2. Community-based reintegration (CBR)", "Heading3":"6.2.1. Dual targeting", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Dual targeting \u2013 providing reintegration assistance that simultaneously targets individ- ual ex-combatants and members of their communities of return or choice \u2013 can create a \u201cwin-win\u201d situation, contributing to the achievement of economic and social goals for both individual participants and community beneficiaries. Such assistance typically targets 50% ex-combatants and 50% conflict-affected community members, though pro- portions may vary depending on the context. This approach promotes greater inclusion in the reintegration process and can prove to be a useful way to manage risks and improve community security.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":838, "Sentence":"Such assistance typically targets 50% ex-combatants and 50% conflict-affected community members, though pro- portions may vary depending on the context.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration assistance typically target 50 excombatants 50 conflictaffected community member though pro portion may vary depending context ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.2. Community-based reintegration (CBR)", "Heading3":"6.2.1. Dual targeting", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Dual targeting \u2013 providing reintegration assistance that simultaneously targets individ- ual ex-combatants and members of their communities of return or choice \u2013 can create a \u201cwin-win\u201d situation, contributing to the achievement of economic and social goals for both individual participants and community beneficiaries. Such assistance typically targets 50% ex-combatants and 50% conflict-affected community members, though pro- portions may vary depending on the context. This approach promotes greater inclusion in the reintegration process and can prove to be a useful way to manage risks and improve community security.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":838, "Sentence":"This approach promotes greater inclusion in the reintegration process and can prove to be a useful way to manage risks and improve community security.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration approach promotes greater inclusion reintegration process prove useful way manage risk improve community security ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.2. Community-based reintegration (CBR)", "Heading3":"6.2.2. Ex-combatant-led initiatives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatant-led initiatives are those reintegration activities identified, planned and exe- cuted by the ex-combatants themselves with the aim of directly benefiting communities of return or choice. Through consultation and dialogue with community and civil society leaders, ex-combatants can work to identify those activities best suited to the community at large and their own skill sets. Such activities can provide ex-combatants with a sense of ownership of the reintegration achievements that take place at the community level. In addition, if well-executed and genuinely planned with the best interest of the community in mind, this approach has the potential to build ex-combatants\u2019 rapport with community members and greatly enhance reconciliation.DDR staff shall work closely with ex-combatants in the planning, implementation and monitoring of these initiatives to ensure that the activities chosen are transparent, fea- sible (e.g. sufficient capacity exists to implement the initiative, the activity is cost efficient, the activity can be completed within a reasonable timeframe) and appropriately benefit the community as a whole based on prior assessments and the local context.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":839, "Sentence":"Ex-combatant-led initiatives are those reintegration activities identified, planned and exe- cuted by the ex-combatants themselves with the aim of directly benefiting communities of return or choice.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration excombatantled initiative reintegration activity identified planned exe cuted excombatants aim directly benefiting community return choice ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.2. Community-based reintegration (CBR)", "Heading3":"6.2.2. Ex-combatant-led initiatives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatant-led initiatives are those reintegration activities identified, planned and exe- cuted by the ex-combatants themselves with the aim of directly benefiting communities of return or choice. Through consultation and dialogue with community and civil society leaders, ex-combatants can work to identify those activities best suited to the community at large and their own skill sets. Such activities can provide ex-combatants with a sense of ownership of the reintegration achievements that take place at the community level. In addition, if well-executed and genuinely planned with the best interest of the community in mind, this approach has the potential to build ex-combatants\u2019 rapport with community members and greatly enhance reconciliation.DDR staff shall work closely with ex-combatants in the planning, implementation and monitoring of these initiatives to ensure that the activities chosen are transparent, fea- sible (e.g. sufficient capacity exists to implement the initiative, the activity is cost efficient, the activity can be completed within a reasonable timeframe) and appropriately benefit the community as a whole based on prior assessments and the local context.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":839, "Sentence":"Through consultation and dialogue with community and civil society leaders, ex-combatants can work to identify those activities best suited to the community at large and their own skill sets.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration consultation dialogue community civil society leader excombatants work identify activity best suited community large skill set ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.2. Community-based reintegration (CBR)", "Heading3":"6.2.2. Ex-combatant-led initiatives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatant-led initiatives are those reintegration activities identified, planned and exe- cuted by the ex-combatants themselves with the aim of directly benefiting communities of return or choice. Through consultation and dialogue with community and civil society leaders, ex-combatants can work to identify those activities best suited to the community at large and their own skill sets. Such activities can provide ex-combatants with a sense of ownership of the reintegration achievements that take place at the community level. In addition, if well-executed and genuinely planned with the best interest of the community in mind, this approach has the potential to build ex-combatants\u2019 rapport with community members and greatly enhance reconciliation.DDR staff shall work closely with ex-combatants in the planning, implementation and monitoring of these initiatives to ensure that the activities chosen are transparent, fea- sible (e.g. sufficient capacity exists to implement the initiative, the activity is cost efficient, the activity can be completed within a reasonable timeframe) and appropriately benefit the community as a whole based on prior assessments and the local context.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":839, "Sentence":"Such activities can provide ex-combatants with a sense of ownership of the reintegration achievements that take place at the community level.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration activity provide excombatants sense ownership reintegration achievement take place community level ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.2. Community-based reintegration (CBR)", "Heading3":"6.2.2. Ex-combatant-led initiatives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatant-led initiatives are those reintegration activities identified, planned and exe- cuted by the ex-combatants themselves with the aim of directly benefiting communities of return or choice. Through consultation and dialogue with community and civil society leaders, ex-combatants can work to identify those activities best suited to the community at large and their own skill sets. Such activities can provide ex-combatants with a sense of ownership of the reintegration achievements that take place at the community level. In addition, if well-executed and genuinely planned with the best interest of the community in mind, this approach has the potential to build ex-combatants\u2019 rapport with community members and greatly enhance reconciliation.DDR staff shall work closely with ex-combatants in the planning, implementation and monitoring of these initiatives to ensure that the activities chosen are transparent, fea- sible (e.g. sufficient capacity exists to implement the initiative, the activity is cost efficient, the activity can be completed within a reasonable timeframe) and appropriately benefit the community as a whole based on prior assessments and the local context.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":839, "Sentence":"In addition, if well-executed and genuinely planned with the best interest of the community in mind, this approach has the potential to build ex-combatants\u2019 rapport with community members and greatly enhance reconciliation.DDR staff shall work closely with ex-combatants in the planning, implementation and monitoring of these initiatives to ensure that the activities chosen are transparent, fea- sible (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration addition wellexecuted genuinely planned best interest community mind approach potential build excombatants \u2019 rapport community member greatly enhance reconciliation.ddr staff shall work closely excombatants planning implementation monitoring initiative ensure activity chosen transparent fea sible e.g ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.2. Community-based reintegration (CBR)", "Heading3":"6.2.2. Ex-combatant-led initiatives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatant-led initiatives are those reintegration activities identified, planned and exe- cuted by the ex-combatants themselves with the aim of directly benefiting communities of return or choice. Through consultation and dialogue with community and civil society leaders, ex-combatants can work to identify those activities best suited to the community at large and their own skill sets. Such activities can provide ex-combatants with a sense of ownership of the reintegration achievements that take place at the community level. In addition, if well-executed and genuinely planned with the best interest of the community in mind, this approach has the potential to build ex-combatants\u2019 rapport with community members and greatly enhance reconciliation.DDR staff shall work closely with ex-combatants in the planning, implementation and monitoring of these initiatives to ensure that the activities chosen are transparent, fea- sible (e.g. sufficient capacity exists to implement the initiative, the activity is cost efficient, the activity can be completed within a reasonable timeframe) and appropriately benefit the community as a whole based on prior assessments and the local context.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":839, "Sentence":"sufficient capacity exists to implement the initiative, the activity is cost efficient, the activity can be completed within a reasonable timeframe) and appropriately benefit the community as a whole based on prior assessments and the local context.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration sufficient capacity exists implement initiative activity cost efficient activity completed within reasonable timeframe appropriately benefit community whole based prior assessment local context ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.2. Community-based reintegration (CBR)", "Heading3":"6.2.3. Area-based interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Area-based reintegration targets a specifically defined geographic territory containing conflict-affected communities where large clusters of ex-combatants have been identi- fied. It aims to reintegrate conflict-affected groups into the economic and social life of a community through economic projects, such as those that focus on rebuilding public infrastructure, in addition to social reintegration activities that promote reconciliation.The objective of these interventions is to optimize the use of locally-based resources (rural and\/or urban) and the synergies arising among local businesses, civil society, busi- ness development service providers, investors, authorities, etc. Rather than focusing on specific target groups, area-based interventions make use of local resources and exter- nal investments in order to offer context-specific solutions to post-war economic recovery. When applying an area-based approach, reintegration planners shall consider all net- works and economic flows that affect (or could affect) the defined territory.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":840, "Sentence":"Area-based reintegration targets a specifically defined geographic territory containing conflict-affected communities where large clusters of ex-combatants have been identi- fied.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration areabased reintegration target specifically defined geographic territory containing conflictaffected community large cluster excombatants identi fied ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.2. Community-based reintegration (CBR)", "Heading3":"6.2.3. Area-based interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Area-based reintegration targets a specifically defined geographic territory containing conflict-affected communities where large clusters of ex-combatants have been identi- fied. It aims to reintegrate conflict-affected groups into the economic and social life of a community through economic projects, such as those that focus on rebuilding public infrastructure, in addition to social reintegration activities that promote reconciliation.The objective of these interventions is to optimize the use of locally-based resources (rural and\/or urban) and the synergies arising among local businesses, civil society, busi- ness development service providers, investors, authorities, etc. Rather than focusing on specific target groups, area-based interventions make use of local resources and exter- nal investments in order to offer context-specific solutions to post-war economic recovery. When applying an area-based approach, reintegration planners shall consider all net- works and economic flows that affect (or could affect) the defined territory.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":840, "Sentence":"It aims to reintegrate conflict-affected groups into the economic and social life of a community through economic projects, such as those that focus on rebuilding public infrastructure, in addition to social reintegration activities that promote reconciliation.The objective of these interventions is to optimize the use of locally-based resources (rural and\/or urban) and the synergies arising among local businesses, civil society, busi- ness development service providers, investors, authorities, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration aim reintegrate conflictaffected group economic social life community economic project focus rebuilding public infrastructure addition social reintegration activity promote reconciliation.the objective intervention optimize use locallybased resource rural and\/or urban synergy arising among local business civil society busi ness development service provider investor authority etc ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.2. Community-based reintegration (CBR)", "Heading3":"6.2.3. Area-based interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Area-based reintegration targets a specifically defined geographic territory containing conflict-affected communities where large clusters of ex-combatants have been identi- fied. It aims to reintegrate conflict-affected groups into the economic and social life of a community through economic projects, such as those that focus on rebuilding public infrastructure, in addition to social reintegration activities that promote reconciliation.The objective of these interventions is to optimize the use of locally-based resources (rural and\/or urban) and the synergies arising among local businesses, civil society, busi- ness development service providers, investors, authorities, etc. Rather than focusing on specific target groups, area-based interventions make use of local resources and exter- nal investments in order to offer context-specific solutions to post-war economic recovery. When applying an area-based approach, reintegration planners shall consider all net- works and economic flows that affect (or could affect) the defined territory.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":840, "Sentence":"Rather than focusing on specific target groups, area-based interventions make use of local resources and exter- nal investments in order to offer context-specific solutions to post-war economic recovery.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration rather focusing specific target group areabased intervention make use local resource exter nal investment order offer contextspecific solution postwar economic recovery ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.2. Community-based reintegration (CBR)", "Heading3":"6.2.3. Area-based interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Area-based reintegration targets a specifically defined geographic territory containing conflict-affected communities where large clusters of ex-combatants have been identi- fied. It aims to reintegrate conflict-affected groups into the economic and social life of a community through economic projects, such as those that focus on rebuilding public infrastructure, in addition to social reintegration activities that promote reconciliation.The objective of these interventions is to optimize the use of locally-based resources (rural and\/or urban) and the synergies arising among local businesses, civil society, busi- ness development service providers, investors, authorities, etc. Rather than focusing on specific target groups, area-based interventions make use of local resources and exter- nal investments in order to offer context-specific solutions to post-war economic recovery. When applying an area-based approach, reintegration planners shall consider all net- works and economic flows that affect (or could affect) the defined territory.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":840, "Sentence":"When applying an area-based approach, reintegration planners shall consider all net- works and economic flows that affect (or could affect) the defined territory.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration applying areabased approach reintegration planner shall consider net work economic flow affect could affect defined territory ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.3. Focus on command structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The risks posed by enduring command structures should also be taken into account dur- ing reintegration planning and may require specific action. A stated aim of demobilization is the breakdown of armed groups\u2019 command structures. However, experience has shown this is difficult to achieve, quantify, qualify or monitor. Over time hierarchical structures erode, but informal networks and associations based upon loyalties and shared experi- ences may remain long into the post-conflict period.In order to break command structures and prevent mid-level commanders from becoming spoilers in DDR, programmes may have to devise specific assistance strategies that better correspond to the profiles and needs of mid-level commanders. Such support may include preparation for nominations\/vetting for public appointments, redundancy payments based on years of service, and guidance on investment options, expanding a family business and creating employment, etc. Commander incentive programmes (CIPs) can further work to support the transformation of command structures into more defined organizations, such as political parties and groups, or socially and economically produc- tive entities such as cooperatives and credit unions.DDR managers should keep in mind that the creation of veterans\u2019 associations should be carefully assessed and these groups supported only if they positively support the DDR process. Extreme caution should be exercised when requested to support the creation and maintenance of veterans\u2019 associations. Although these associations may arise spontane- ously as representation and self-help groups due to the fact that members face similar challenges, have affinities and have common pasts, prolonged affiliation may perpetu- ate the retention of \u201cex-combatant\u201d identities, preventing ex-combatants from effectively transitioning from military to their new civilian identities and roles.The overriding principle for supporting transformed command structures is that the associations that arise permit individual freedom of choice (i.e. joining is not required or coerced). In some instances, these associations may provide early warning and response systems for identifying dissatisfaction among ex-combatants, and for building confidence between discontented groups and the rest of the community.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":841, "Sentence":"The risks posed by enduring command structures should also be taken into account dur- ing reintegration planning and may require specific action.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration risk posed enduring command structure also taken account dur ing reintegration planning may require specific action ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.3. Focus on command structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The risks posed by enduring command structures should also be taken into account dur- ing reintegration planning and may require specific action. A stated aim of demobilization is the breakdown of armed groups\u2019 command structures. However, experience has shown this is difficult to achieve, quantify, qualify or monitor. Over time hierarchical structures erode, but informal networks and associations based upon loyalties and shared experi- ences may remain long into the post-conflict period.In order to break command structures and prevent mid-level commanders from becoming spoilers in DDR, programmes may have to devise specific assistance strategies that better correspond to the profiles and needs of mid-level commanders. Such support may include preparation for nominations\/vetting for public appointments, redundancy payments based on years of service, and guidance on investment options, expanding a family business and creating employment, etc. Commander incentive programmes (CIPs) can further work to support the transformation of command structures into more defined organizations, such as political parties and groups, or socially and economically produc- tive entities such as cooperatives and credit unions.DDR managers should keep in mind that the creation of veterans\u2019 associations should be carefully assessed and these groups supported only if they positively support the DDR process. Extreme caution should be exercised when requested to support the creation and maintenance of veterans\u2019 associations. Although these associations may arise spontane- ously as representation and self-help groups due to the fact that members face similar challenges, have affinities and have common pasts, prolonged affiliation may perpetu- ate the retention of \u201cex-combatant\u201d identities, preventing ex-combatants from effectively transitioning from military to their new civilian identities and roles.The overriding principle for supporting transformed command structures is that the associations that arise permit individual freedom of choice (i.e. joining is not required or coerced). In some instances, these associations may provide early warning and response systems for identifying dissatisfaction among ex-combatants, and for building confidence between discontented groups and the rest of the community.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":841, "Sentence":"A stated aim of demobilization is the breakdown of armed groups\u2019 command structures.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration stated aim demobilization breakdown armed group \u2019 command structure ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.3. Focus on command structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The risks posed by enduring command structures should also be taken into account dur- ing reintegration planning and may require specific action. A stated aim of demobilization is the breakdown of armed groups\u2019 command structures. However, experience has shown this is difficult to achieve, quantify, qualify or monitor. Over time hierarchical structures erode, but informal networks and associations based upon loyalties and shared experi- ences may remain long into the post-conflict period.In order to break command structures and prevent mid-level commanders from becoming spoilers in DDR, programmes may have to devise specific assistance strategies that better correspond to the profiles and needs of mid-level commanders. Such support may include preparation for nominations\/vetting for public appointments, redundancy payments based on years of service, and guidance on investment options, expanding a family business and creating employment, etc. Commander incentive programmes (CIPs) can further work to support the transformation of command structures into more defined organizations, such as political parties and groups, or socially and economically produc- tive entities such as cooperatives and credit unions.DDR managers should keep in mind that the creation of veterans\u2019 associations should be carefully assessed and these groups supported only if they positively support the DDR process. Extreme caution should be exercised when requested to support the creation and maintenance of veterans\u2019 associations. Although these associations may arise spontane- ously as representation and self-help groups due to the fact that members face similar challenges, have affinities and have common pasts, prolonged affiliation may perpetu- ate the retention of \u201cex-combatant\u201d identities, preventing ex-combatants from effectively transitioning from military to their new civilian identities and roles.The overriding principle for supporting transformed command structures is that the associations that arise permit individual freedom of choice (i.e. joining is not required or coerced). In some instances, these associations may provide early warning and response systems for identifying dissatisfaction among ex-combatants, and for building confidence between discontented groups and the rest of the community.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":841, "Sentence":"However, experience has shown this is difficult to achieve, quantify, qualify or monitor.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration however experience shown difficult achieve quantify qualify monitor ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.3. Focus on command structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The risks posed by enduring command structures should also be taken into account dur- ing reintegration planning and may require specific action. A stated aim of demobilization is the breakdown of armed groups\u2019 command structures. However, experience has shown this is difficult to achieve, quantify, qualify or monitor. Over time hierarchical structures erode, but informal networks and associations based upon loyalties and shared experi- ences may remain long into the post-conflict period.In order to break command structures and prevent mid-level commanders from becoming spoilers in DDR, programmes may have to devise specific assistance strategies that better correspond to the profiles and needs of mid-level commanders. Such support may include preparation for nominations\/vetting for public appointments, redundancy payments based on years of service, and guidance on investment options, expanding a family business and creating employment, etc. Commander incentive programmes (CIPs) can further work to support the transformation of command structures into more defined organizations, such as political parties and groups, or socially and economically produc- tive entities such as cooperatives and credit unions.DDR managers should keep in mind that the creation of veterans\u2019 associations should be carefully assessed and these groups supported only if they positively support the DDR process. Extreme caution should be exercised when requested to support the creation and maintenance of veterans\u2019 associations. Although these associations may arise spontane- ously as representation and self-help groups due to the fact that members face similar challenges, have affinities and have common pasts, prolonged affiliation may perpetu- ate the retention of \u201cex-combatant\u201d identities, preventing ex-combatants from effectively transitioning from military to their new civilian identities and roles.The overriding principle for supporting transformed command structures is that the associations that arise permit individual freedom of choice (i.e. joining is not required or coerced). In some instances, these associations may provide early warning and response systems for identifying dissatisfaction among ex-combatants, and for building confidence between discontented groups and the rest of the community.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":841, "Sentence":"Over time hierarchical structures erode, but informal networks and associations based upon loyalties and shared experi- ences may remain long into the post-conflict period.In order to break command structures and prevent mid-level commanders from becoming spoilers in DDR, programmes may have to devise specific assistance strategies that better correspond to the profiles and needs of mid-level commanders.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration time hierarchical structure erode informal network association based upon loyalty shared experi ences may remain long postconflict period.in order break command structure prevent midlevel commander becoming spoiler ddr programme may devise specific assistance strategy better correspond profile need midlevel commander ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.3. Focus on command structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The risks posed by enduring command structures should also be taken into account dur- ing reintegration planning and may require specific action. A stated aim of demobilization is the breakdown of armed groups\u2019 command structures. However, experience has shown this is difficult to achieve, quantify, qualify or monitor. Over time hierarchical structures erode, but informal networks and associations based upon loyalties and shared experi- ences may remain long into the post-conflict period.In order to break command structures and prevent mid-level commanders from becoming spoilers in DDR, programmes may have to devise specific assistance strategies that better correspond to the profiles and needs of mid-level commanders. Such support may include preparation for nominations\/vetting for public appointments, redundancy payments based on years of service, and guidance on investment options, expanding a family business and creating employment, etc. Commander incentive programmes (CIPs) can further work to support the transformation of command structures into more defined organizations, such as political parties and groups, or socially and economically produc- tive entities such as cooperatives and credit unions.DDR managers should keep in mind that the creation of veterans\u2019 associations should be carefully assessed and these groups supported only if they positively support the DDR process. Extreme caution should be exercised when requested to support the creation and maintenance of veterans\u2019 associations. Although these associations may arise spontane- ously as representation and self-help groups due to the fact that members face similar challenges, have affinities and have common pasts, prolonged affiliation may perpetu- ate the retention of \u201cex-combatant\u201d identities, preventing ex-combatants from effectively transitioning from military to their new civilian identities and roles.The overriding principle for supporting transformed command structures is that the associations that arise permit individual freedom of choice (i.e. joining is not required or coerced). In some instances, these associations may provide early warning and response systems for identifying dissatisfaction among ex-combatants, and for building confidence between discontented groups and the rest of the community.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":841, "Sentence":"Such support may include preparation for nominations\/vetting for public appointments, redundancy payments based on years of service, and guidance on investment options, expanding a family business and creating employment, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration support may include preparation nominations\/vetting public appointment redundancy payment based year service guidance investment option expanding family business creating employment etc ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.3. Focus on command structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The risks posed by enduring command structures should also be taken into account dur- ing reintegration planning and may require specific action. A stated aim of demobilization is the breakdown of armed groups\u2019 command structures. However, experience has shown this is difficult to achieve, quantify, qualify or monitor. Over time hierarchical structures erode, but informal networks and associations based upon loyalties and shared experi- ences may remain long into the post-conflict period.In order to break command structures and prevent mid-level commanders from becoming spoilers in DDR, programmes may have to devise specific assistance strategies that better correspond to the profiles and needs of mid-level commanders. Such support may include preparation for nominations\/vetting for public appointments, redundancy payments based on years of service, and guidance on investment options, expanding a family business and creating employment, etc. Commander incentive programmes (CIPs) can further work to support the transformation of command structures into more defined organizations, such as political parties and groups, or socially and economically produc- tive entities such as cooperatives and credit unions.DDR managers should keep in mind that the creation of veterans\u2019 associations should be carefully assessed and these groups supported only if they positively support the DDR process. Extreme caution should be exercised when requested to support the creation and maintenance of veterans\u2019 associations. Although these associations may arise spontane- ously as representation and self-help groups due to the fact that members face similar challenges, have affinities and have common pasts, prolonged affiliation may perpetu- ate the retention of \u201cex-combatant\u201d identities, preventing ex-combatants from effectively transitioning from military to their new civilian identities and roles.The overriding principle for supporting transformed command structures is that the associations that arise permit individual freedom of choice (i.e. joining is not required or coerced). In some instances, these associations may provide early warning and response systems for identifying dissatisfaction among ex-combatants, and for building confidence between discontented groups and the rest of the community.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":841, "Sentence":"Commander incentive programmes (CIPs) can further work to support the transformation of command structures into more defined organizations, such as political parties and groups, or socially and economically produc- tive entities such as cooperatives and credit unions.DDR managers should keep in mind that the creation of veterans\u2019 associations should be carefully assessed and these groups supported only if they positively support the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration commander incentive programme cips work support transformation command structure defined organization political party group socially economically produc tive entity cooperative credit unions.ddr manager keep mind creation veteran \u2019 association carefully assessed group supported positively support ddr process ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.3. Focus on command structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The risks posed by enduring command structures should also be taken into account dur- ing reintegration planning and may require specific action. A stated aim of demobilization is the breakdown of armed groups\u2019 command structures. However, experience has shown this is difficult to achieve, quantify, qualify or monitor. Over time hierarchical structures erode, but informal networks and associations based upon loyalties and shared experi- ences may remain long into the post-conflict period.In order to break command structures and prevent mid-level commanders from becoming spoilers in DDR, programmes may have to devise specific assistance strategies that better correspond to the profiles and needs of mid-level commanders. Such support may include preparation for nominations\/vetting for public appointments, redundancy payments based on years of service, and guidance on investment options, expanding a family business and creating employment, etc. Commander incentive programmes (CIPs) can further work to support the transformation of command structures into more defined organizations, such as political parties and groups, or socially and economically produc- tive entities such as cooperatives and credit unions.DDR managers should keep in mind that the creation of veterans\u2019 associations should be carefully assessed and these groups supported only if they positively support the DDR process. Extreme caution should be exercised when requested to support the creation and maintenance of veterans\u2019 associations. Although these associations may arise spontane- ously as representation and self-help groups due to the fact that members face similar challenges, have affinities and have common pasts, prolonged affiliation may perpetu- ate the retention of \u201cex-combatant\u201d identities, preventing ex-combatants from effectively transitioning from military to their new civilian identities and roles.The overriding principle for supporting transformed command structures is that the associations that arise permit individual freedom of choice (i.e. joining is not required or coerced). In some instances, these associations may provide early warning and response systems for identifying dissatisfaction among ex-combatants, and for building confidence between discontented groups and the rest of the community.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":841, "Sentence":"Extreme caution should be exercised when requested to support the creation and maintenance of veterans\u2019 associations.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration extreme caution exercised requested support creation maintenance veteran \u2019 association ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.3. Focus on command structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The risks posed by enduring command structures should also be taken into account dur- ing reintegration planning and may require specific action. A stated aim of demobilization is the breakdown of armed groups\u2019 command structures. However, experience has shown this is difficult to achieve, quantify, qualify or monitor. Over time hierarchical structures erode, but informal networks and associations based upon loyalties and shared experi- ences may remain long into the post-conflict period.In order to break command structures and prevent mid-level commanders from becoming spoilers in DDR, programmes may have to devise specific assistance strategies that better correspond to the profiles and needs of mid-level commanders. Such support may include preparation for nominations\/vetting for public appointments, redundancy payments based on years of service, and guidance on investment options, expanding a family business and creating employment, etc. Commander incentive programmes (CIPs) can further work to support the transformation of command structures into more defined organizations, such as political parties and groups, or socially and economically produc- tive entities such as cooperatives and credit unions.DDR managers should keep in mind that the creation of veterans\u2019 associations should be carefully assessed and these groups supported only if they positively support the DDR process. Extreme caution should be exercised when requested to support the creation and maintenance of veterans\u2019 associations. Although these associations may arise spontane- ously as representation and self-help groups due to the fact that members face similar challenges, have affinities and have common pasts, prolonged affiliation may perpetu- ate the retention of \u201cex-combatant\u201d identities, preventing ex-combatants from effectively transitioning from military to their new civilian identities and roles.The overriding principle for supporting transformed command structures is that the associations that arise permit individual freedom of choice (i.e. joining is not required or coerced). In some instances, these associations may provide early warning and response systems for identifying dissatisfaction among ex-combatants, and for building confidence between discontented groups and the rest of the community.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":841, "Sentence":"Although these associations may arise spontane- ously as representation and self-help groups due to the fact that members face similar challenges, have affinities and have common pasts, prolonged affiliation may perpetu- ate the retention of \u201cex-combatant\u201d identities, preventing ex-combatants from effectively transitioning from military to their new civilian identities and roles.The overriding principle for supporting transformed command structures is that the associations that arise permit individual freedom of choice (i.e.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration although association may arise spontane ously representation selfhelp group due fact member face similar challenge affinity common past prolonged affiliation may perpetu ate retention \u201c excombatant \u201d identity preventing excombatants effectively transitioning military new civilian identity roles.the overriding principle supporting transformed command structure association arise permit individual freedom choice i.e ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.3. Focus on command structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The risks posed by enduring command structures should also be taken into account dur- ing reintegration planning and may require specific action. A stated aim of demobilization is the breakdown of armed groups\u2019 command structures. However, experience has shown this is difficult to achieve, quantify, qualify or monitor. Over time hierarchical structures erode, but informal networks and associations based upon loyalties and shared experi- ences may remain long into the post-conflict period.In order to break command structures and prevent mid-level commanders from becoming spoilers in DDR, programmes may have to devise specific assistance strategies that better correspond to the profiles and needs of mid-level commanders. Such support may include preparation for nominations\/vetting for public appointments, redundancy payments based on years of service, and guidance on investment options, expanding a family business and creating employment, etc. Commander incentive programmes (CIPs) can further work to support the transformation of command structures into more defined organizations, such as political parties and groups, or socially and economically produc- tive entities such as cooperatives and credit unions.DDR managers should keep in mind that the creation of veterans\u2019 associations should be carefully assessed and these groups supported only if they positively support the DDR process. Extreme caution should be exercised when requested to support the creation and maintenance of veterans\u2019 associations. Although these associations may arise spontane- ously as representation and self-help groups due to the fact that members face similar challenges, have affinities and have common pasts, prolonged affiliation may perpetu- ate the retention of \u201cex-combatant\u201d identities, preventing ex-combatants from effectively transitioning from military to their new civilian identities and roles.The overriding principle for supporting transformed command structures is that the associations that arise permit individual freedom of choice (i.e. joining is not required or coerced). In some instances, these associations may provide early warning and response systems for identifying dissatisfaction among ex-combatants, and for building confidence between discontented groups and the rest of the community.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":841, "Sentence":"joining is not required or coerced).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration joining required coerced ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"6. Approaches to the reintegration of ex-combatants", "Heading2":"6.3. Focus on command structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The risks posed by enduring command structures should also be taken into account dur- ing reintegration planning and may require specific action. A stated aim of demobilization is the breakdown of armed groups\u2019 command structures. However, experience has shown this is difficult to achieve, quantify, qualify or monitor. Over time hierarchical structures erode, but informal networks and associations based upon loyalties and shared experi- ences may remain long into the post-conflict period.In order to break command structures and prevent mid-level commanders from becoming spoilers in DDR, programmes may have to devise specific assistance strategies that better correspond to the profiles and needs of mid-level commanders. Such support may include preparation for nominations\/vetting for public appointments, redundancy payments based on years of service, and guidance on investment options, expanding a family business and creating employment, etc. Commander incentive programmes (CIPs) can further work to support the transformation of command structures into more defined organizations, such as political parties and groups, or socially and economically produc- tive entities such as cooperatives and credit unions.DDR managers should keep in mind that the creation of veterans\u2019 associations should be carefully assessed and these groups supported only if they positively support the DDR process. Extreme caution should be exercised when requested to support the creation and maintenance of veterans\u2019 associations. Although these associations may arise spontane- ously as representation and self-help groups due to the fact that members face similar challenges, have affinities and have common pasts, prolonged affiliation may perpetu- ate the retention of \u201cex-combatant\u201d identities, preventing ex-combatants from effectively transitioning from military to their new civilian identities and roles.The overriding principle for supporting transformed command structures is that the associations that arise permit individual freedom of choice (i.e. joining is not required or coerced). In some instances, these associations may provide early warning and response systems for identifying dissatisfaction among ex-combatants, and for building confidence between discontented groups and the rest of the community.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":841, "Sentence":"In some instances, these associations may provide early warning and response systems for identifying dissatisfaction among ex-combatants, and for building confidence between discontented groups and the rest of the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration instance association may provide early warning response system identifying dissatisfaction among excombatants building confidence discontented group rest community ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration planning based rapid reliable detailed assessment begin early possible ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ensure reintegration programme designed implemented timely effective manner gap demobilization\/reinsertion reintegration support minimized much po sible ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration requires relevant un agency programme fund jointly plan reintegration.the planning phase reintegration programme based clear ass ments minimum ask following question nn key reintegration planning question assessment answer n reintegration approach combination approach suitable context question" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"Dual targeting?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration dual targeting" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration excombatantled economic activity benefit also community" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"\\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n excombatants access areabased programme conflictaffected group" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"What would prevent them from doing that?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration would prevent" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration programme track number excombatants participating level reintegration achieved" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"\\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n geographical coverage programme" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration focus rural urban reintegration combination" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"\\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n narrow expansive eligibility criterion participate programme" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration based excombatant\/ returnee status vulnerability" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"\\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n type reintegration assistance offered i.e ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration economic social psychosocial and\/or political level intensity" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"\\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n strategy deployed match supply demand e.g ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration employability\/employment creation psychosocial need trauma\/psychosocial counseling service etc ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"\\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n appropriate structure provide programme assistance" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration dedicated structure created ddr programme information counseling referral service" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"Existing state structures?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration existing state structure" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"Other implementing partners?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration implementing partner" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"Why?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration " }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"\\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n capacity potential implementing partner" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"\\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n cost per participant reasonable comparison similar programme" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration operational cost comparable similar programme" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"\\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n resource maximized partnership linkage existing programmesa comprehensive understanding constant reappraisal question corresponding factor planning implementation phase enhance shape programme \u2019 strategy resource allocation ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration data also serve inform concerned party objective expected result ddr programme linkage broader recovery development issues.finally ddr planner practitioner also aware existing policy strategy framework reintegration recovery ensure adequate coordina tion ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ddr planner manager carefully ass timing opportunity risk involved order integrate ddr programme wider framework pro gramme ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.1. Overview", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning should be based on rapid, reliable and detailed assessments and should begin as early as possible. This is to ensure that reintegration programmes are designed and implemented in a timely and effective manner, where the gap between demobilization\/reinsertion and reintegration support is minimized as much as pos- sible. This requires that relevant UN agencies, programmes and funds jointly plan for reintegration.The planning phase of a reintegration programme should be based on clear assess- ments that, at a minimum, ask the following questions: \\n\\n KEY REINTEGRATION PLANNING QUESTIONS THAT ASSESSMENTS SHOULD ANSWER \\n What reintegration approach or combination of approaches will be most suitable for the context in question? Dual targeting? Ex-combatant-led economic activity that benefits also the community? \\n Will ex-combatants access area-based programmes as any other conflict-affected group? What would prevent them from doing that? How will these programmes track numbers of ex-combatants participating and the levels of reintegration achieved? \\n What will be the geographical coverage of the programme? Will focus be on rural or urban reintegration or a combination of both? \\n How narrow or expansive will be the eligibility criteria to participate in the programme? Based on ex-combatant\/ returnee status or vulnerability? \\n What type of reintegration assistance should be offered (i.e. economic, social, psychosocial, and\/or political) and with which levels of intensity? \\n What strategy will be deployed to match supply and demand (e.g. employability\/employment creation; psychosocial need such as trauma\/psychosocial counseling service; etc.) \\n What are the most appropriate structures to provide programme assistance? Dedicated structures created by the DDR programme such as an information, counseling and referral service? Existing state structures? Other implementing partners? Why? \\n What are the capacities of these potential implementing partners? \\n Will the cost per participant be reasonable in comparison with other similar programmes? What about operational costs, will they be comparable with similar programmes? \\n How can resources be maximized through partnerships and linkages with other existing programmes?A comprehensive understanding and constant re-appraisal of these questions and corresponding factors during planning and implementation phases will enhance and shape a programme\u2019s strategy and resource allocation. This data will also serve to inform concerned parties of the objectives and expected results of the DDR programme and linkages to broader recovery and development issues.Finally, DDR planners and practitioners should also be aware of existing policies, strategies and framework on reintegration and recovery to ensure adequate coordina- tion. DDR planners and managers should carefully assess timings, opportunities and risks involved in order to integrate DDR programmes with wider frameworks and pro- grammes. Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":842, "Sentence":"Partnerships with institutions and agencies leading on the implementation of such frameworks and programmes should be sought as much as possible to make an effi- cient and effective use of resources and avoid overlapping interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration partnership institution agency leading implementation framework programme sought much possible make effi cient effective use resource avoid overlapping intervention ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.2. Mainstreaming gender into analyses and assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The planning and design of reintegration programmes should be based on the collection of sex and age disaggregated data in order to analyze and identify the specific needs of both male and female programme participants. Sex and age disaggregated data should be captured in all types of pre-programme and programme assessments, starting with the conflict and security analysis, moving into post-conflict needs assessments and in all DDR-specific assessments.The gathering of gender-sensitive data from the start will help make visible the unique and varying needs, capacities, interests, priorities, power relations and roles of women, men, girls and boys. At this early stage, conflict and security analysis and rein- tegration assessments should also identify any variations among certain subgroups (i.e. children, youth, elderly, dependants, disabled, foreign combatants, abducted and so on) within male and female DDR beneficiaries and participants.The overall objective of integrating gender into conflict and security analysis and DDR assessments is to build efficiency into reintegration programmes. By taking a more gender-sensitive approach from the start, DDR programmes can make more informed decisions and take appropriate action to ensure that women, men, boys and girls equally benefit from reintegration opportunities that are designed to meet their specific needs. For more information on gender-sensitive programming, see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":843, "Sentence":"The planning and design of reintegration programmes should be based on the collection of sex and age disaggregated data in order to analyze and identify the specific needs of both male and female programme participants.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration planning design reintegration programme based collection sex age disaggregated data order analyze identify specific need male female programme participant ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.2. Mainstreaming gender into analyses and assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The planning and design of reintegration programmes should be based on the collection of sex and age disaggregated data in order to analyze and identify the specific needs of both male and female programme participants. Sex and age disaggregated data should be captured in all types of pre-programme and programme assessments, starting with the conflict and security analysis, moving into post-conflict needs assessments and in all DDR-specific assessments.The gathering of gender-sensitive data from the start will help make visible the unique and varying needs, capacities, interests, priorities, power relations and roles of women, men, girls and boys. At this early stage, conflict and security analysis and rein- tegration assessments should also identify any variations among certain subgroups (i.e. children, youth, elderly, dependants, disabled, foreign combatants, abducted and so on) within male and female DDR beneficiaries and participants.The overall objective of integrating gender into conflict and security analysis and DDR assessments is to build efficiency into reintegration programmes. By taking a more gender-sensitive approach from the start, DDR programmes can make more informed decisions and take appropriate action to ensure that women, men, boys and girls equally benefit from reintegration opportunities that are designed to meet their specific needs. For more information on gender-sensitive programming, see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":843, "Sentence":"Sex and age disaggregated data should be captured in all types of pre-programme and programme assessments, starting with the conflict and security analysis, moving into post-conflict needs assessments and in all DDR-specific assessments.The gathering of gender-sensitive data from the start will help make visible the unique and varying needs, capacities, interests, priorities, power relations and roles of women, men, girls and boys.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration sex age disaggregated data captured type preprogramme programme assessment starting conflict security analysis moving postconflict need assessment ddrspecific assessments.the gathering gendersensitive data start help make visible unique varying need capacity interest priority power relation role woman men girl boy ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.2. Mainstreaming gender into analyses and assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The planning and design of reintegration programmes should be based on the collection of sex and age disaggregated data in order to analyze and identify the specific needs of both male and female programme participants. Sex and age disaggregated data should be captured in all types of pre-programme and programme assessments, starting with the conflict and security analysis, moving into post-conflict needs assessments and in all DDR-specific assessments.The gathering of gender-sensitive data from the start will help make visible the unique and varying needs, capacities, interests, priorities, power relations and roles of women, men, girls and boys. At this early stage, conflict and security analysis and rein- tegration assessments should also identify any variations among certain subgroups (i.e. children, youth, elderly, dependants, disabled, foreign combatants, abducted and so on) within male and female DDR beneficiaries and participants.The overall objective of integrating gender into conflict and security analysis and DDR assessments is to build efficiency into reintegration programmes. By taking a more gender-sensitive approach from the start, DDR programmes can make more informed decisions and take appropriate action to ensure that women, men, boys and girls equally benefit from reintegration opportunities that are designed to meet their specific needs. For more information on gender-sensitive programming, see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":843, "Sentence":"At this early stage, conflict and security analysis and rein- tegration assessments should also identify any variations among certain subgroups (i.e.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration early stage conflict security analysis rein tegration assessment also identify variation among certain subgroup i.e ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.2. Mainstreaming gender into analyses and assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The planning and design of reintegration programmes should be based on the collection of sex and age disaggregated data in order to analyze and identify the specific needs of both male and female programme participants. Sex and age disaggregated data should be captured in all types of pre-programme and programme assessments, starting with the conflict and security analysis, moving into post-conflict needs assessments and in all DDR-specific assessments.The gathering of gender-sensitive data from the start will help make visible the unique and varying needs, capacities, interests, priorities, power relations and roles of women, men, girls and boys. At this early stage, conflict and security analysis and rein- tegration assessments should also identify any variations among certain subgroups (i.e. children, youth, elderly, dependants, disabled, foreign combatants, abducted and so on) within male and female DDR beneficiaries and participants.The overall objective of integrating gender into conflict and security analysis and DDR assessments is to build efficiency into reintegration programmes. By taking a more gender-sensitive approach from the start, DDR programmes can make more informed decisions and take appropriate action to ensure that women, men, boys and girls equally benefit from reintegration opportunities that are designed to meet their specific needs. For more information on gender-sensitive programming, see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":843, "Sentence":"children, youth, elderly, dependants, disabled, foreign combatants, abducted and so on) within male and female DDR beneficiaries and participants.The overall objective of integrating gender into conflict and security analysis and DDR assessments is to build efficiency into reintegration programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration child youth elderly dependant disabled foreign combatant abducted within male female ddr beneficiary participants.the overall objective integrating gender conflict security analysis ddr assessment build efficiency reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.2. Mainstreaming gender into analyses and assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The planning and design of reintegration programmes should be based on the collection of sex and age disaggregated data in order to analyze and identify the specific needs of both male and female programme participants. Sex and age disaggregated data should be captured in all types of pre-programme and programme assessments, starting with the conflict and security analysis, moving into post-conflict needs assessments and in all DDR-specific assessments.The gathering of gender-sensitive data from the start will help make visible the unique and varying needs, capacities, interests, priorities, power relations and roles of women, men, girls and boys. At this early stage, conflict and security analysis and rein- tegration assessments should also identify any variations among certain subgroups (i.e. children, youth, elderly, dependants, disabled, foreign combatants, abducted and so on) within male and female DDR beneficiaries and participants.The overall objective of integrating gender into conflict and security analysis and DDR assessments is to build efficiency into reintegration programmes. By taking a more gender-sensitive approach from the start, DDR programmes can make more informed decisions and take appropriate action to ensure that women, men, boys and girls equally benefit from reintegration opportunities that are designed to meet their specific needs. For more information on gender-sensitive programming, see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":843, "Sentence":"By taking a more gender-sensitive approach from the start, DDR programmes can make more informed decisions and take appropriate action to ensure that women, men, boys and girls equally benefit from reintegration opportunities that are designed to meet their specific needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration taking gendersensitive approach start ddr programme make informed decision take appropriate action ensure woman men boy girl equally benefit reintegration opportunity designed meet specific need ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.2. Mainstreaming gender into analyses and assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The planning and design of reintegration programmes should be based on the collection of sex and age disaggregated data in order to analyze and identify the specific needs of both male and female programme participants. Sex and age disaggregated data should be captured in all types of pre-programme and programme assessments, starting with the conflict and security analysis, moving into post-conflict needs assessments and in all DDR-specific assessments.The gathering of gender-sensitive data from the start will help make visible the unique and varying needs, capacities, interests, priorities, power relations and roles of women, men, girls and boys. At this early stage, conflict and security analysis and rein- tegration assessments should also identify any variations among certain subgroups (i.e. children, youth, elderly, dependants, disabled, foreign combatants, abducted and so on) within male and female DDR beneficiaries and participants.The overall objective of integrating gender into conflict and security analysis and DDR assessments is to build efficiency into reintegration programmes. By taking a more gender-sensitive approach from the start, DDR programmes can make more informed decisions and take appropriate action to ensure that women, men, boys and girls equally benefit from reintegration opportunities that are designed to meet their specific needs. For more information on gender-sensitive programming, see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":843, "Sentence":"For more information on gender-sensitive programming, see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration information gendersensitive programming see module 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.3. Conflict and security analysis", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The nature of the conflict will determine the nature of the peace process, which in turn will influence the objectives and expected results of DDR and the type of reintegration approach that is required. Conflict and security analyses should be carried out and con- sulted in order to clarify the nature of the conflict and how it was resolved, and to identify the political, economic and social challenges facing a DDR programme. These analyses can provide critical information on the structure of armed groups during the conflict, how ex-combatants are perceived by their communities (e.g. as heroes who defended their communities or as perpetrators of violent acts who should be punished), and what ex-combatants\u2019 expectations will be following a peace agreement.A holistic analysis of conflict and security dynamics should inform the development of the objectives and strategies of the DDR programme. The following table suggests ques- tions for this analysis and assessment.For further information, please also refer to the UNDP Guide on Conflict-related Development Analysis (available online).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":844, "Sentence":"The nature of the conflict will determine the nature of the peace process, which in turn will influence the objectives and expected results of DDR and the type of reintegration approach that is required.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration nature conflict determine nature peace process turn influence objective expected result ddr type reintegration approach required ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.3. Conflict and security analysis", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The nature of the conflict will determine the nature of the peace process, which in turn will influence the objectives and expected results of DDR and the type of reintegration approach that is required. Conflict and security analyses should be carried out and con- sulted in order to clarify the nature of the conflict and how it was resolved, and to identify the political, economic and social challenges facing a DDR programme. These analyses can provide critical information on the structure of armed groups during the conflict, how ex-combatants are perceived by their communities (e.g. as heroes who defended their communities or as perpetrators of violent acts who should be punished), and what ex-combatants\u2019 expectations will be following a peace agreement.A holistic analysis of conflict and security dynamics should inform the development of the objectives and strategies of the DDR programme. The following table suggests ques- tions for this analysis and assessment.For further information, please also refer to the UNDP Guide on Conflict-related Development Analysis (available online).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":844, "Sentence":"Conflict and security analyses should be carried out and con- sulted in order to clarify the nature of the conflict and how it was resolved, and to identify the political, economic and social challenges facing a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration conflict security analysis carried con sulted order clarify nature conflict resolved identify political economic social challenge facing ddr programme ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.3. Conflict and security analysis", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The nature of the conflict will determine the nature of the peace process, which in turn will influence the objectives and expected results of DDR and the type of reintegration approach that is required. Conflict and security analyses should be carried out and con- sulted in order to clarify the nature of the conflict and how it was resolved, and to identify the political, economic and social challenges facing a DDR programme. These analyses can provide critical information on the structure of armed groups during the conflict, how ex-combatants are perceived by their communities (e.g. as heroes who defended their communities or as perpetrators of violent acts who should be punished), and what ex-combatants\u2019 expectations will be following a peace agreement.A holistic analysis of conflict and security dynamics should inform the development of the objectives and strategies of the DDR programme. The following table suggests ques- tions for this analysis and assessment.For further information, please also refer to the UNDP Guide on Conflict-related Development Analysis (available online).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":844, "Sentence":"These analyses can provide critical information on the structure of armed groups during the conflict, how ex-combatants are perceived by their communities (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration analysis provide critical information structure armed group conflict excombatants perceived community e.g ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.3. Conflict and security analysis", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The nature of the conflict will determine the nature of the peace process, which in turn will influence the objectives and expected results of DDR and the type of reintegration approach that is required. Conflict and security analyses should be carried out and con- sulted in order to clarify the nature of the conflict and how it was resolved, and to identify the political, economic and social challenges facing a DDR programme. These analyses can provide critical information on the structure of armed groups during the conflict, how ex-combatants are perceived by their communities (e.g. as heroes who defended their communities or as perpetrators of violent acts who should be punished), and what ex-combatants\u2019 expectations will be following a peace agreement.A holistic analysis of conflict and security dynamics should inform the development of the objectives and strategies of the DDR programme. The following table suggests ques- tions for this analysis and assessment.For further information, please also refer to the UNDP Guide on Conflict-related Development Analysis (available online).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":844, "Sentence":"as heroes who defended their communities or as perpetrators of violent acts who should be punished), and what ex-combatants\u2019 expectations will be following a peace agreement.A holistic analysis of conflict and security dynamics should inform the development of the objectives and strategies of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration hero defended community perpetrator violent act punished excombatants \u2019 expectation following peace agreement.a holistic analysis conflict security dynamic inform development objective strategy ddr programme ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.3. Conflict and security analysis", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The nature of the conflict will determine the nature of the peace process, which in turn will influence the objectives and expected results of DDR and the type of reintegration approach that is required. Conflict and security analyses should be carried out and con- sulted in order to clarify the nature of the conflict and how it was resolved, and to identify the political, economic and social challenges facing a DDR programme. These analyses can provide critical information on the structure of armed groups during the conflict, how ex-combatants are perceived by their communities (e.g. as heroes who defended their communities or as perpetrators of violent acts who should be punished), and what ex-combatants\u2019 expectations will be following a peace agreement.A holistic analysis of conflict and security dynamics should inform the development of the objectives and strategies of the DDR programme. The following table suggests ques- tions for this analysis and assessment.For further information, please also refer to the UNDP Guide on Conflict-related Development Analysis (available online).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":844, "Sentence":"The following table suggests ques- tions for this analysis and assessment.For further information, please also refer to the UNDP Guide on Conflict-related Development Analysis (available online).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration following table suggests ques tions analysis assessment.for information please also refer undp guide conflictrelated development analysis available online ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.4. Post-conflict needs assessments (PCNAs)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Post-conflict needs assessments (PCNAs) are a tool developed jointly by the UN Develop- ment Group (UNDG), the European Commission (EC), the World Bank (WB) and regional development banks in collaboration with national governments and with the cooperation of donor countries. National and international actors use PCNAs as an entry point for conceptualizing, negotiating and financing a common shared strategy for recovery and development in fragile, post-conflict settings. The PCNA includes both the assessment of needs and the national prioritization and costing of needs in an accompanying transi- tional results matrix.PCNAs are also used to determine baselines on crosscutting issues such as gender, HIV\/AIDS, human rights and the environment. To this end, the results of completed PCNAs represent a valuable tool that should be used by DDR experts during reintegration programming.In countries where PCNAs are in the process of being completed, DDR managers and planners should integrate as much as possible DDR into these exercises. In addition to influencing inclusion of more traditional areas of practice, DDR planners should aim to influence and lobby for the inclusion of more recently identified areas of need, such as psy- chosocial and political reintegration. For more detailed and updated information about PCNAs, see Joint Guidance Note on Integrated Recovery Planning using Post-Conflict Needs Assessments and Transitional Frameworks, www.undg.org. Also see Module 2.20 section 6.1.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":845, "Sentence":"Post-conflict needs assessments (PCNAs) are a tool developed jointly by the UN Develop- ment Group (UNDG), the European Commission (EC), the World Bank (WB) and regional development banks in collaboration with national governments and with the cooperation of donor countries.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration postconflict need assessment pcnas tool developed jointly un develop ment group undg european commission ec world bank wb regional development bank collaboration national government cooperation donor country ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.4. Post-conflict needs assessments (PCNAs)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Post-conflict needs assessments (PCNAs) are a tool developed jointly by the UN Develop- ment Group (UNDG), the European Commission (EC), the World Bank (WB) and regional development banks in collaboration with national governments and with the cooperation of donor countries. National and international actors use PCNAs as an entry point for conceptualizing, negotiating and financing a common shared strategy for recovery and development in fragile, post-conflict settings. The PCNA includes both the assessment of needs and the national prioritization and costing of needs in an accompanying transi- tional results matrix.PCNAs are also used to determine baselines on crosscutting issues such as gender, HIV\/AIDS, human rights and the environment. To this end, the results of completed PCNAs represent a valuable tool that should be used by DDR experts during reintegration programming.In countries where PCNAs are in the process of being completed, DDR managers and planners should integrate as much as possible DDR into these exercises. In addition to influencing inclusion of more traditional areas of practice, DDR planners should aim to influence and lobby for the inclusion of more recently identified areas of need, such as psy- chosocial and political reintegration. For more detailed and updated information about PCNAs, see Joint Guidance Note on Integrated Recovery Planning using Post-Conflict Needs Assessments and Transitional Frameworks, www.undg.org. Also see Module 2.20 section 6.1.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":845, "Sentence":"National and international actors use PCNAs as an entry point for conceptualizing, negotiating and financing a common shared strategy for recovery and development in fragile, post-conflict settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration national international actor use pcnas entry point conceptualizing negotiating financing common shared strategy recovery development fragile postconflict setting ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.4. Post-conflict needs assessments (PCNAs)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Post-conflict needs assessments (PCNAs) are a tool developed jointly by the UN Develop- ment Group (UNDG), the European Commission (EC), the World Bank (WB) and regional development banks in collaboration with national governments and with the cooperation of donor countries. National and international actors use PCNAs as an entry point for conceptualizing, negotiating and financing a common shared strategy for recovery and development in fragile, post-conflict settings. The PCNA includes both the assessment of needs and the national prioritization and costing of needs in an accompanying transi- tional results matrix.PCNAs are also used to determine baselines on crosscutting issues such as gender, HIV\/AIDS, human rights and the environment. To this end, the results of completed PCNAs represent a valuable tool that should be used by DDR experts during reintegration programming.In countries where PCNAs are in the process of being completed, DDR managers and planners should integrate as much as possible DDR into these exercises. In addition to influencing inclusion of more traditional areas of practice, DDR planners should aim to influence and lobby for the inclusion of more recently identified areas of need, such as psy- chosocial and political reintegration. For more detailed and updated information about PCNAs, see Joint Guidance Note on Integrated Recovery Planning using Post-Conflict Needs Assessments and Transitional Frameworks, www.undg.org. Also see Module 2.20 section 6.1.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":845, "Sentence":"The PCNA includes both the assessment of needs and the national prioritization and costing of needs in an accompanying transi- tional results matrix.PCNAs are also used to determine baselines on crosscutting issues such as gender, HIV\/AIDS, human rights and the environment.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration pcna includes assessment need national prioritization costing need accompanying transi tional result matrix.pcnas also used determine baseline crosscutting issue gender hiv\/aids human right environment ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.4. Post-conflict needs assessments (PCNAs)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Post-conflict needs assessments (PCNAs) are a tool developed jointly by the UN Develop- ment Group (UNDG), the European Commission (EC), the World Bank (WB) and regional development banks in collaboration with national governments and with the cooperation of donor countries. National and international actors use PCNAs as an entry point for conceptualizing, negotiating and financing a common shared strategy for recovery and development in fragile, post-conflict settings. The PCNA includes both the assessment of needs and the national prioritization and costing of needs in an accompanying transi- tional results matrix.PCNAs are also used to determine baselines on crosscutting issues such as gender, HIV\/AIDS, human rights and the environment. To this end, the results of completed PCNAs represent a valuable tool that should be used by DDR experts during reintegration programming.In countries where PCNAs are in the process of being completed, DDR managers and planners should integrate as much as possible DDR into these exercises. In addition to influencing inclusion of more traditional areas of practice, DDR planners should aim to influence and lobby for the inclusion of more recently identified areas of need, such as psy- chosocial and political reintegration. For more detailed and updated information about PCNAs, see Joint Guidance Note on Integrated Recovery Planning using Post-Conflict Needs Assessments and Transitional Frameworks, www.undg.org. Also see Module 2.20 section 6.1.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":845, "Sentence":"To this end, the results of completed PCNAs represent a valuable tool that should be used by DDR experts during reintegration programming.In countries where PCNAs are in the process of being completed, DDR managers and planners should integrate as much as possible DDR into these exercises.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration end result completed pcnas represent valuable tool used ddr expert reintegration programming.in country pcnas process completed ddr manager planner integrate much possible ddr exercise ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.4. Post-conflict needs assessments (PCNAs)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Post-conflict needs assessments (PCNAs) are a tool developed jointly by the UN Develop- ment Group (UNDG), the European Commission (EC), the World Bank (WB) and regional development banks in collaboration with national governments and with the cooperation of donor countries. National and international actors use PCNAs as an entry point for conceptualizing, negotiating and financing a common shared strategy for recovery and development in fragile, post-conflict settings. The PCNA includes both the assessment of needs and the national prioritization and costing of needs in an accompanying transi- tional results matrix.PCNAs are also used to determine baselines on crosscutting issues such as gender, HIV\/AIDS, human rights and the environment. To this end, the results of completed PCNAs represent a valuable tool that should be used by DDR experts during reintegration programming.In countries where PCNAs are in the process of being completed, DDR managers and planners should integrate as much as possible DDR into these exercises. In addition to influencing inclusion of more traditional areas of practice, DDR planners should aim to influence and lobby for the inclusion of more recently identified areas of need, such as psy- chosocial and political reintegration. For more detailed and updated information about PCNAs, see Joint Guidance Note on Integrated Recovery Planning using Post-Conflict Needs Assessments and Transitional Frameworks, www.undg.org. Also see Module 2.20 section 6.1.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":845, "Sentence":"In addition to influencing inclusion of more traditional areas of practice, DDR planners should aim to influence and lobby for the inclusion of more recently identified areas of need, such as psy- chosocial and political reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration addition influencing inclusion traditional area practice ddr planner aim influence lobby inclusion recently identified area need psy chosocial political reintegration ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.4. Post-conflict needs assessments (PCNAs)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Post-conflict needs assessments (PCNAs) are a tool developed jointly by the UN Develop- ment Group (UNDG), the European Commission (EC), the World Bank (WB) and regional development banks in collaboration with national governments and with the cooperation of donor countries. National and international actors use PCNAs as an entry point for conceptualizing, negotiating and financing a common shared strategy for recovery and development in fragile, post-conflict settings. The PCNA includes both the assessment of needs and the national prioritization and costing of needs in an accompanying transi- tional results matrix.PCNAs are also used to determine baselines on crosscutting issues such as gender, HIV\/AIDS, human rights and the environment. To this end, the results of completed PCNAs represent a valuable tool that should be used by DDR experts during reintegration programming.In countries where PCNAs are in the process of being completed, DDR managers and planners should integrate as much as possible DDR into these exercises. In addition to influencing inclusion of more traditional areas of practice, DDR planners should aim to influence and lobby for the inclusion of more recently identified areas of need, such as psy- chosocial and political reintegration. For more detailed and updated information about PCNAs, see Joint Guidance Note on Integrated Recovery Planning using Post-Conflict Needs Assessments and Transitional Frameworks, www.undg.org. Also see Module 2.20 section 6.1.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":845, "Sentence":"For more detailed and updated information about PCNAs, see Joint Guidance Note on Integrated Recovery Planning using Post-Conflict Needs Assessments and Transitional Frameworks, www.undg.org.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration detailed updated information pcnas see joint guidance note integrated recovery planning using postconflict need assessment transitional framework www.undg.org ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.4. Post-conflict needs assessments (PCNAs)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Post-conflict needs assessments (PCNAs) are a tool developed jointly by the UN Develop- ment Group (UNDG), the European Commission (EC), the World Bank (WB) and regional development banks in collaboration with national governments and with the cooperation of donor countries. National and international actors use PCNAs as an entry point for conceptualizing, negotiating and financing a common shared strategy for recovery and development in fragile, post-conflict settings. The PCNA includes both the assessment of needs and the national prioritization and costing of needs in an accompanying transi- tional results matrix.PCNAs are also used to determine baselines on crosscutting issues such as gender, HIV\/AIDS, human rights and the environment. To this end, the results of completed PCNAs represent a valuable tool that should be used by DDR experts during reintegration programming.In countries where PCNAs are in the process of being completed, DDR managers and planners should integrate as much as possible DDR into these exercises. In addition to influencing inclusion of more traditional areas of practice, DDR planners should aim to influence and lobby for the inclusion of more recently identified areas of need, such as psy- chosocial and political reintegration. For more detailed and updated information about PCNAs, see Joint Guidance Note on Integrated Recovery Planning using Post-Conflict Needs Assessments and Transitional Frameworks, www.undg.org. Also see Module 2.20 section 6.1.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":845, "Sentence":"Also see Module 2.20 section 6.1.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration also see module 2.20 section 6.1 ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The registration of ex-combatants during the demobilization phase provides detailed information on each programme participant\u2019s social and economic expectations, as well as his\/her capacities, resources, or even the nature of his\/her marginalization. How- ever, by the time this registration takes place, it is already too late to begin planning the reintegration programme. As a result, to adequately plan for the reintegration phase, a general profile of potential beneficiaries and participants of the DDR programme should be developed before disarmament and demobilization begins. Such a profile can be done through carefully randomized and stratified (to the extent possible) sampled surveys of smaller numbers of representative combatants.In order for these assessments to adequately form the basis for reintegration pro- gramme planning, implementation, and M&E, they should be further supplemented by data on specific needs groups and additional research, particularly in the fields of anthro- pology, history, and area studies. During the assessment process, attention should be paid to specific needs groups, including female combatants, WAAFG, youth, children, and combatants with disabilities. In addition, research on specific countries and peoples, including that of scholars from the country or region will prove useful. Cultural rela- tionships to land and other physical resources should also be noted here to better inform reintegration programme planners.The most important types of ex-combatant focused assessments are: \\n 1. Early profiling and pre-registration surveys; \\n 2. Full profiling and registration of ex-combatants; \\n 3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement; \\n 4. Community perception surveys; \\n 5. Reintegration opportunity mapping; and \\n 6. Services mapping and institutional capacity assessment.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":846, "Sentence":"The registration of ex-combatants during the demobilization phase provides detailed information on each programme participant\u2019s social and economic expectations, as well as his\/her capacities, resources, or even the nature of his\/her marginalization.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration registration excombatants demobilization phase provides detailed information programme participant \u2019 social economic expectation well his\/her capacity resource even nature his\/her marginalization ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The registration of ex-combatants during the demobilization phase provides detailed information on each programme participant\u2019s social and economic expectations, as well as his\/her capacities, resources, or even the nature of his\/her marginalization. How- ever, by the time this registration takes place, it is already too late to begin planning the reintegration programme. As a result, to adequately plan for the reintegration phase, a general profile of potential beneficiaries and participants of the DDR programme should be developed before disarmament and demobilization begins. Such a profile can be done through carefully randomized and stratified (to the extent possible) sampled surveys of smaller numbers of representative combatants.In order for these assessments to adequately form the basis for reintegration pro- gramme planning, implementation, and M&E, they should be further supplemented by data on specific needs groups and additional research, particularly in the fields of anthro- pology, history, and area studies. During the assessment process, attention should be paid to specific needs groups, including female combatants, WAAFG, youth, children, and combatants with disabilities. In addition, research on specific countries and peoples, including that of scholars from the country or region will prove useful. Cultural rela- tionships to land and other physical resources should also be noted here to better inform reintegration programme planners.The most important types of ex-combatant focused assessments are: \\n 1. Early profiling and pre-registration surveys; \\n 2. Full profiling and registration of ex-combatants; \\n 3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement; \\n 4. Community perception surveys; \\n 5. Reintegration opportunity mapping; and \\n 6. Services mapping and institutional capacity assessment.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":846, "Sentence":"How- ever, by the time this registration takes place, it is already too late to begin planning the reintegration programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ever time registration take place already late begin planning reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The registration of ex-combatants during the demobilization phase provides detailed information on each programme participant\u2019s social and economic expectations, as well as his\/her capacities, resources, or even the nature of his\/her marginalization. How- ever, by the time this registration takes place, it is already too late to begin planning the reintegration programme. As a result, to adequately plan for the reintegration phase, a general profile of potential beneficiaries and participants of the DDR programme should be developed before disarmament and demobilization begins. Such a profile can be done through carefully randomized and stratified (to the extent possible) sampled surveys of smaller numbers of representative combatants.In order for these assessments to adequately form the basis for reintegration pro- gramme planning, implementation, and M&E, they should be further supplemented by data on specific needs groups and additional research, particularly in the fields of anthro- pology, history, and area studies. During the assessment process, attention should be paid to specific needs groups, including female combatants, WAAFG, youth, children, and combatants with disabilities. In addition, research on specific countries and peoples, including that of scholars from the country or region will prove useful. Cultural rela- tionships to land and other physical resources should also be noted here to better inform reintegration programme planners.The most important types of ex-combatant focused assessments are: \\n 1. Early profiling and pre-registration surveys; \\n 2. Full profiling and registration of ex-combatants; \\n 3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement; \\n 4. Community perception surveys; \\n 5. Reintegration opportunity mapping; and \\n 6. Services mapping and institutional capacity assessment.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":846, "Sentence":"As a result, to adequately plan for the reintegration phase, a general profile of potential beneficiaries and participants of the DDR programme should be developed before disarmament and demobilization begins.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration result adequately plan reintegration phase general profile potential beneficiary participant ddr programme developed disarmament demobilization begin ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The registration of ex-combatants during the demobilization phase provides detailed information on each programme participant\u2019s social and economic expectations, as well as his\/her capacities, resources, or even the nature of his\/her marginalization. How- ever, by the time this registration takes place, it is already too late to begin planning the reintegration programme. As a result, to adequately plan for the reintegration phase, a general profile of potential beneficiaries and participants of the DDR programme should be developed before disarmament and demobilization begins. Such a profile can be done through carefully randomized and stratified (to the extent possible) sampled surveys of smaller numbers of representative combatants.In order for these assessments to adequately form the basis for reintegration pro- gramme planning, implementation, and M&E, they should be further supplemented by data on specific needs groups and additional research, particularly in the fields of anthro- pology, history, and area studies. During the assessment process, attention should be paid to specific needs groups, including female combatants, WAAFG, youth, children, and combatants with disabilities. In addition, research on specific countries and peoples, including that of scholars from the country or region will prove useful. Cultural rela- tionships to land and other physical resources should also be noted here to better inform reintegration programme planners.The most important types of ex-combatant focused assessments are: \\n 1. Early profiling and pre-registration surveys; \\n 2. Full profiling and registration of ex-combatants; \\n 3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement; \\n 4. Community perception surveys; \\n 5. Reintegration opportunity mapping; and \\n 6. Services mapping and institutional capacity assessment.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":846, "Sentence":"Such a profile can be done through carefully randomized and stratified (to the extent possible) sampled surveys of smaller numbers of representative combatants.In order for these assessments to adequately form the basis for reintegration pro- gramme planning, implementation, and M&E, they should be further supplemented by data on specific needs groups and additional research, particularly in the fields of anthro- pology, history, and area studies.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration profile done carefully randomized stratified extent possible sampled survey smaller number representative combatants.in order assessment adequately form basis reintegration pro gramme planning implementation supplemented data specific need group additional research particularly field anthro pology history area study ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The registration of ex-combatants during the demobilization phase provides detailed information on each programme participant\u2019s social and economic expectations, as well as his\/her capacities, resources, or even the nature of his\/her marginalization. How- ever, by the time this registration takes place, it is already too late to begin planning the reintegration programme. As a result, to adequately plan for the reintegration phase, a general profile of potential beneficiaries and participants of the DDR programme should be developed before disarmament and demobilization begins. Such a profile can be done through carefully randomized and stratified (to the extent possible) sampled surveys of smaller numbers of representative combatants.In order for these assessments to adequately form the basis for reintegration pro- gramme planning, implementation, and M&E, they should be further supplemented by data on specific needs groups and additional research, particularly in the fields of anthro- pology, history, and area studies. During the assessment process, attention should be paid to specific needs groups, including female combatants, WAAFG, youth, children, and combatants with disabilities. In addition, research on specific countries and peoples, including that of scholars from the country or region will prove useful. Cultural rela- tionships to land and other physical resources should also be noted here to better inform reintegration programme planners.The most important types of ex-combatant focused assessments are: \\n 1. Early profiling and pre-registration surveys; \\n 2. Full profiling and registration of ex-combatants; \\n 3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement; \\n 4. Community perception surveys; \\n 5. Reintegration opportunity mapping; and \\n 6. Services mapping and institutional capacity assessment.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":846, "Sentence":"During the assessment process, attention should be paid to specific needs groups, including female combatants, WAAFG, youth, children, and combatants with disabilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration assessment process attention paid specific need group including female combatant waafg youth child combatant disability ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The registration of ex-combatants during the demobilization phase provides detailed information on each programme participant\u2019s social and economic expectations, as well as his\/her capacities, resources, or even the nature of his\/her marginalization. How- ever, by the time this registration takes place, it is already too late to begin planning the reintegration programme. As a result, to adequately plan for the reintegration phase, a general profile of potential beneficiaries and participants of the DDR programme should be developed before disarmament and demobilization begins. Such a profile can be done through carefully randomized and stratified (to the extent possible) sampled surveys of smaller numbers of representative combatants.In order for these assessments to adequately form the basis for reintegration pro- gramme planning, implementation, and M&E, they should be further supplemented by data on specific needs groups and additional research, particularly in the fields of anthro- pology, history, and area studies. During the assessment process, attention should be paid to specific needs groups, including female combatants, WAAFG, youth, children, and combatants with disabilities. In addition, research on specific countries and peoples, including that of scholars from the country or region will prove useful. Cultural rela- tionships to land and other physical resources should also be noted here to better inform reintegration programme planners.The most important types of ex-combatant focused assessments are: \\n 1. Early profiling and pre-registration surveys; \\n 2. Full profiling and registration of ex-combatants; \\n 3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement; \\n 4. Community perception surveys; \\n 5. Reintegration opportunity mapping; and \\n 6. Services mapping and institutional capacity assessment.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":846, "Sentence":"In addition, research on specific countries and peoples, including that of scholars from the country or region will prove useful.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration addition research specific country people including scholar country region prove useful ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The registration of ex-combatants during the demobilization phase provides detailed information on each programme participant\u2019s social and economic expectations, as well as his\/her capacities, resources, or even the nature of his\/her marginalization. How- ever, by the time this registration takes place, it is already too late to begin planning the reintegration programme. As a result, to adequately plan for the reintegration phase, a general profile of potential beneficiaries and participants of the DDR programme should be developed before disarmament and demobilization begins. Such a profile can be done through carefully randomized and stratified (to the extent possible) sampled surveys of smaller numbers of representative combatants.In order for these assessments to adequately form the basis for reintegration pro- gramme planning, implementation, and M&E, they should be further supplemented by data on specific needs groups and additional research, particularly in the fields of anthro- pology, history, and area studies. During the assessment process, attention should be paid to specific needs groups, including female combatants, WAAFG, youth, children, and combatants with disabilities. In addition, research on specific countries and peoples, including that of scholars from the country or region will prove useful. Cultural rela- tionships to land and other physical resources should also be noted here to better inform reintegration programme planners.The most important types of ex-combatant focused assessments are: \\n 1. Early profiling and pre-registration surveys; \\n 2. Full profiling and registration of ex-combatants; \\n 3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement; \\n 4. Community perception surveys; \\n 5. Reintegration opportunity mapping; and \\n 6. Services mapping and institutional capacity assessment.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":846, "Sentence":"Cultural rela- tionships to land and other physical resources should also be noted here to better inform reintegration programme planners.The most important types of ex-combatant focused assessments are: \\n 1.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration cultural rela tionships land physical resource also noted better inform reintegration programme planners.the important type excombatant focused assessment n 1 ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The registration of ex-combatants during the demobilization phase provides detailed information on each programme participant\u2019s social and economic expectations, as well as his\/her capacities, resources, or even the nature of his\/her marginalization. How- ever, by the time this registration takes place, it is already too late to begin planning the reintegration programme. As a result, to adequately plan for the reintegration phase, a general profile of potential beneficiaries and participants of the DDR programme should be developed before disarmament and demobilization begins. Such a profile can be done through carefully randomized and stratified (to the extent possible) sampled surveys of smaller numbers of representative combatants.In order for these assessments to adequately form the basis for reintegration pro- gramme planning, implementation, and M&E, they should be further supplemented by data on specific needs groups and additional research, particularly in the fields of anthro- pology, history, and area studies. During the assessment process, attention should be paid to specific needs groups, including female combatants, WAAFG, youth, children, and combatants with disabilities. In addition, research on specific countries and peoples, including that of scholars from the country or region will prove useful. Cultural rela- tionships to land and other physical resources should also be noted here to better inform reintegration programme planners.The most important types of ex-combatant focused assessments are: \\n 1. Early profiling and pre-registration surveys; \\n 2. Full profiling and registration of ex-combatants; \\n 3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement; \\n 4. Community perception surveys; \\n 5. Reintegration opportunity mapping; and \\n 6. Services mapping and institutional capacity assessment.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":846, "Sentence":"Early profiling and pre-registration surveys; \\n 2.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration early profiling preregistration survey n 2 ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The registration of ex-combatants during the demobilization phase provides detailed information on each programme participant\u2019s social and economic expectations, as well as his\/her capacities, resources, or even the nature of his\/her marginalization. How- ever, by the time this registration takes place, it is already too late to begin planning the reintegration programme. As a result, to adequately plan for the reintegration phase, a general profile of potential beneficiaries and participants of the DDR programme should be developed before disarmament and demobilization begins. Such a profile can be done through carefully randomized and stratified (to the extent possible) sampled surveys of smaller numbers of representative combatants.In order for these assessments to adequately form the basis for reintegration pro- gramme planning, implementation, and M&E, they should be further supplemented by data on specific needs groups and additional research, particularly in the fields of anthro- pology, history, and area studies. During the assessment process, attention should be paid to specific needs groups, including female combatants, WAAFG, youth, children, and combatants with disabilities. In addition, research on specific countries and peoples, including that of scholars from the country or region will prove useful. Cultural rela- tionships to land and other physical resources should also be noted here to better inform reintegration programme planners.The most important types of ex-combatant focused assessments are: \\n 1. Early profiling and pre-registration surveys; \\n 2. Full profiling and registration of ex-combatants; \\n 3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement; \\n 4. Community perception surveys; \\n 5. Reintegration opportunity mapping; and \\n 6. Services mapping and institutional capacity assessment.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":846, "Sentence":"Full profiling and registration of ex-combatants; \\n 3.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration full profiling registration excombatants n 3 ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The registration of ex-combatants during the demobilization phase provides detailed information on each programme participant\u2019s social and economic expectations, as well as his\/her capacities, resources, or even the nature of his\/her marginalization. How- ever, by the time this registration takes place, it is already too late to begin planning the reintegration programme. As a result, to adequately plan for the reintegration phase, a general profile of potential beneficiaries and participants of the DDR programme should be developed before disarmament and demobilization begins. Such a profile can be done through carefully randomized and stratified (to the extent possible) sampled surveys of smaller numbers of representative combatants.In order for these assessments to adequately form the basis for reintegration pro- gramme planning, implementation, and M&E, they should be further supplemented by data on specific needs groups and additional research, particularly in the fields of anthro- pology, history, and area studies. During the assessment process, attention should be paid to specific needs groups, including female combatants, WAAFG, youth, children, and combatants with disabilities. In addition, research on specific countries and peoples, including that of scholars from the country or region will prove useful. Cultural rela- tionships to land and other physical resources should also be noted here to better inform reintegration programme planners.The most important types of ex-combatant focused assessments are: \\n 1. Early profiling and pre-registration surveys; \\n 2. Full profiling and registration of ex-combatants; \\n 3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement; \\n 4. Community perception surveys; \\n 5. Reintegration opportunity mapping; and \\n 6. Services mapping and institutional capacity assessment.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":846, "Sentence":"Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement; \\n 4.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration identification assessment area return resettlement n 4 ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The registration of ex-combatants during the demobilization phase provides detailed information on each programme participant\u2019s social and economic expectations, as well as his\/her capacities, resources, or even the nature of his\/her marginalization. How- ever, by the time this registration takes place, it is already too late to begin planning the reintegration programme. As a result, to adequately plan for the reintegration phase, a general profile of potential beneficiaries and participants of the DDR programme should be developed before disarmament and demobilization begins. Such a profile can be done through carefully randomized and stratified (to the extent possible) sampled surveys of smaller numbers of representative combatants.In order for these assessments to adequately form the basis for reintegration pro- gramme planning, implementation, and M&E, they should be further supplemented by data on specific needs groups and additional research, particularly in the fields of anthro- pology, history, and area studies. During the assessment process, attention should be paid to specific needs groups, including female combatants, WAAFG, youth, children, and combatants with disabilities. In addition, research on specific countries and peoples, including that of scholars from the country or region will prove useful. Cultural rela- tionships to land and other physical resources should also be noted here to better inform reintegration programme planners.The most important types of ex-combatant focused assessments are: \\n 1. Early profiling and pre-registration surveys; \\n 2. Full profiling and registration of ex-combatants; \\n 3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement; \\n 4. Community perception surveys; \\n 5. Reintegration opportunity mapping; and \\n 6. Services mapping and institutional capacity assessment.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":846, "Sentence":"Community perception surveys; \\n 5.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration community perception survey n 5 ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The registration of ex-combatants during the demobilization phase provides detailed information on each programme participant\u2019s social and economic expectations, as well as his\/her capacities, resources, or even the nature of his\/her marginalization. How- ever, by the time this registration takes place, it is already too late to begin planning the reintegration programme. As a result, to adequately plan for the reintegration phase, a general profile of potential beneficiaries and participants of the DDR programme should be developed before disarmament and demobilization begins. Such a profile can be done through carefully randomized and stratified (to the extent possible) sampled surveys of smaller numbers of representative combatants.In order for these assessments to adequately form the basis for reintegration pro- gramme planning, implementation, and M&E, they should be further supplemented by data on specific needs groups and additional research, particularly in the fields of anthro- pology, history, and area studies. During the assessment process, attention should be paid to specific needs groups, including female combatants, WAAFG, youth, children, and combatants with disabilities. In addition, research on specific countries and peoples, including that of scholars from the country or region will prove useful. Cultural rela- tionships to land and other physical resources should also be noted here to better inform reintegration programme planners.The most important types of ex-combatant focused assessments are: \\n 1. Early profiling and pre-registration surveys; \\n 2. Full profiling and registration of ex-combatants; \\n 3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement; \\n 4. Community perception surveys; \\n 5. Reintegration opportunity mapping; and \\n 6. Services mapping and institutional capacity assessment.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":846, "Sentence":"Reintegration opportunity mapping; and \\n 6.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration opportunity mapping n 6 ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The registration of ex-combatants during the demobilization phase provides detailed information on each programme participant\u2019s social and economic expectations, as well as his\/her capacities, resources, or even the nature of his\/her marginalization. How- ever, by the time this registration takes place, it is already too late to begin planning the reintegration programme. As a result, to adequately plan for the reintegration phase, a general profile of potential beneficiaries and participants of the DDR programme should be developed before disarmament and demobilization begins. Such a profile can be done through carefully randomized and stratified (to the extent possible) sampled surveys of smaller numbers of representative combatants.In order for these assessments to adequately form the basis for reintegration pro- gramme planning, implementation, and M&E, they should be further supplemented by data on specific needs groups and additional research, particularly in the fields of anthro- pology, history, and area studies. During the assessment process, attention should be paid to specific needs groups, including female combatants, WAAFG, youth, children, and combatants with disabilities. In addition, research on specific countries and peoples, including that of scholars from the country or region will prove useful. Cultural rela- tionships to land and other physical resources should also be noted here to better inform reintegration programme planners.The most important types of ex-combatant focused assessments are: \\n 1. Early profiling and pre-registration surveys; \\n 2. Full profiling and registration of ex-combatants; \\n 3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement; \\n 4. Community perception surveys; \\n 5. Reintegration opportunity mapping; and \\n 6. Services mapping and institutional capacity assessment.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":846, "Sentence":"Services mapping and institutional capacity assessment.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration service mapping institutional capacity assessment ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.1. Early profiling and pre-registration surveys", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Also known as pre-programme assessments, early profiling and pre-registration surveys will establish the nature and size of the group for which a reintegration programme is to be designed. Profiling on a sample basis is typically done as soon as access to combatants is possible. This enables a quick assessment of the combatants to be included in DDR, including information on their demographics, human and material capital, as well as their aspirations. The collection of personal and socio-economic data also provides baseline information needed for the planning, design and formulation of a monitoring and evalu- ation plan.Early profiling, registration, and surveying should take into account gender-sensitive procedures, so that women, men, girls and boys are able to accurately state their involve- ment and needs, and other relevant information.In some cases it can be very difficult to obtain accurate or any information regarding the profiles and number of ex-combatants for the DDR programme. In such cases, DDR experts should rely on information from local civil society and other UN agencies, and plan their programmes as best they can with the available information.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":847, "Sentence":"Also known as pre-programme assessments, early profiling and pre-registration surveys will establish the nature and size of the group for which a reintegration programme is to be designed.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration also known preprogramme assessment early profiling preregistration survey establish nature size group reintegration programme designed ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.1. Early profiling and pre-registration surveys", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Also known as pre-programme assessments, early profiling and pre-registration surveys will establish the nature and size of the group for which a reintegration programme is to be designed. Profiling on a sample basis is typically done as soon as access to combatants is possible. This enables a quick assessment of the combatants to be included in DDR, including information on their demographics, human and material capital, as well as their aspirations. The collection of personal and socio-economic data also provides baseline information needed for the planning, design and formulation of a monitoring and evalu- ation plan.Early profiling, registration, and surveying should take into account gender-sensitive procedures, so that women, men, girls and boys are able to accurately state their involve- ment and needs, and other relevant information.In some cases it can be very difficult to obtain accurate or any information regarding the profiles and number of ex-combatants for the DDR programme. In such cases, DDR experts should rely on information from local civil society and other UN agencies, and plan their programmes as best they can with the available information.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":847, "Sentence":"Profiling on a sample basis is typically done as soon as access to combatants is possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration profiling sample basis typically done soon access combatant possible ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.1. Early profiling and pre-registration surveys", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Also known as pre-programme assessments, early profiling and pre-registration surveys will establish the nature and size of the group for which a reintegration programme is to be designed. Profiling on a sample basis is typically done as soon as access to combatants is possible. This enables a quick assessment of the combatants to be included in DDR, including information on their demographics, human and material capital, as well as their aspirations. The collection of personal and socio-economic data also provides baseline information needed for the planning, design and formulation of a monitoring and evalu- ation plan.Early profiling, registration, and surveying should take into account gender-sensitive procedures, so that women, men, girls and boys are able to accurately state their involve- ment and needs, and other relevant information.In some cases it can be very difficult to obtain accurate or any information regarding the profiles and number of ex-combatants for the DDR programme. In such cases, DDR experts should rely on information from local civil society and other UN agencies, and plan their programmes as best they can with the available information.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":847, "Sentence":"This enables a quick assessment of the combatants to be included in DDR, including information on their demographics, human and material capital, as well as their aspirations.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration enables quick assessment combatant included ddr including information demographic human material capital well aspiration ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.1. Early profiling and pre-registration surveys", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Also known as pre-programme assessments, early profiling and pre-registration surveys will establish the nature and size of the group for which a reintegration programme is to be designed. Profiling on a sample basis is typically done as soon as access to combatants is possible. This enables a quick assessment of the combatants to be included in DDR, including information on their demographics, human and material capital, as well as their aspirations. The collection of personal and socio-economic data also provides baseline information needed for the planning, design and formulation of a monitoring and evalu- ation plan.Early profiling, registration, and surveying should take into account gender-sensitive procedures, so that women, men, girls and boys are able to accurately state their involve- ment and needs, and other relevant information.In some cases it can be very difficult to obtain accurate or any information regarding the profiles and number of ex-combatants for the DDR programme. In such cases, DDR experts should rely on information from local civil society and other UN agencies, and plan their programmes as best they can with the available information.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":847, "Sentence":"The collection of personal and socio-economic data also provides baseline information needed for the planning, design and formulation of a monitoring and evalu- ation plan.Early profiling, registration, and surveying should take into account gender-sensitive procedures, so that women, men, girls and boys are able to accurately state their involve- ment and needs, and other relevant information.In some cases it can be very difficult to obtain accurate or any information regarding the profiles and number of ex-combatants for the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration collection personal socioeconomic data also provides baseline information needed planning design formulation monitoring evalu ation plan.early profiling registration surveying take account gendersensitive procedure woman men girl boy able accurately state involve ment need relevant information.in case difficult obtain accurate information regarding profile number excombatants ddr programme ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.1. Early profiling and pre-registration surveys", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Also known as pre-programme assessments, early profiling and pre-registration surveys will establish the nature and size of the group for which a reintegration programme is to be designed. Profiling on a sample basis is typically done as soon as access to combatants is possible. This enables a quick assessment of the combatants to be included in DDR, including information on their demographics, human and material capital, as well as their aspirations. The collection of personal and socio-economic data also provides baseline information needed for the planning, design and formulation of a monitoring and evalu- ation plan.Early profiling, registration, and surveying should take into account gender-sensitive procedures, so that women, men, girls and boys are able to accurately state their involve- ment and needs, and other relevant information.In some cases it can be very difficult to obtain accurate or any information regarding the profiles and number of ex-combatants for the DDR programme. In such cases, DDR experts should rely on information from local civil society and other UN agencies, and plan their programmes as best they can with the available information.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":847, "Sentence":"In such cases, DDR experts should rely on information from local civil society and other UN agencies, and plan their programmes as best they can with the available information.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration case ddr expert rely information local civil society un agency plan programme best available information ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.2. Full profiling and registration of ex-combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As full profiling and registration of ex-combatants is typically conducting during disar- mament and demobilization, programme planners and managers should ensure that these activities are designed to support reintegration, and that information gathered through profiling forms the basis of reintegration assistance. For more information on profiling and registration during disarmament and demobilization, see Module 4.10 section 7 and Module 4.20 sections 6 and 8.Previous DDR programmes have often experienced a delay between registration and the delivery of assistance, which can lead to frustration among ex-combatants. To deal with this problem, DDR programmes should provide ex-combatants with a clear and realistic timetable of when they will receive reintegration assistance when they first register for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":848, "Sentence":"As full profiling and registration of ex-combatants is typically conducting during disar- mament and demobilization, programme planners and managers should ensure that these activities are designed to support reintegration, and that information gathered through profiling forms the basis of reintegration assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration full profiling registration excombatants typically conducting disar mament demobilization programme planner manager ensure activity designed support reintegration information gathered profiling form basis reintegration assistance ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.2. Full profiling and registration of ex-combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As full profiling and registration of ex-combatants is typically conducting during disar- mament and demobilization, programme planners and managers should ensure that these activities are designed to support reintegration, and that information gathered through profiling forms the basis of reintegration assistance. For more information on profiling and registration during disarmament and demobilization, see Module 4.10 section 7 and Module 4.20 sections 6 and 8.Previous DDR programmes have often experienced a delay between registration and the delivery of assistance, which can lead to frustration among ex-combatants. To deal with this problem, DDR programmes should provide ex-combatants with a clear and realistic timetable of when they will receive reintegration assistance when they first register for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":848, "Sentence":"For more information on profiling and registration during disarmament and demobilization, see Module 4.10 section 7 and Module 4.20 sections 6 and 8.Previous DDR programmes have often experienced a delay between registration and the delivery of assistance, which can lead to frustration among ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration information profiling registration disarmament demobilization see module 4.10 section 7 module 4.20 section 6 8.previous ddr programme often experienced delay registration delivery assistance lead frustration among excombatants ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.2. Full profiling and registration of ex-combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As full profiling and registration of ex-combatants is typically conducting during disar- mament and demobilization, programme planners and managers should ensure that these activities are designed to support reintegration, and that information gathered through profiling forms the basis of reintegration assistance. For more information on profiling and registration during disarmament and demobilization, see Module 4.10 section 7 and Module 4.20 sections 6 and 8.Previous DDR programmes have often experienced a delay between registration and the delivery of assistance, which can lead to frustration among ex-combatants. To deal with this problem, DDR programmes should provide ex-combatants with a clear and realistic timetable of when they will receive reintegration assistance when they first register for DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":848, "Sentence":"To deal with this problem, DDR programmes should provide ex-combatants with a clear and realistic timetable of when they will receive reintegration assistance when they first register for DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration deal problem ddr programme provide excombatants clear realistic timetable receive reintegration assistance first register ddr ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Based on the information gathered from the early profiling and pre-registration survey, an assessment should be made of the economic, political, and social potential and con- straints of the areas that ex-combatants and associated groups are expected to return to or resettle in. This assessment should then be enhanced and greatly expanded based on the individual data collected during disarmament and\/or demobilization, and stored in a management information system (MIS) (for more information on managing data see sec- tion 7.6). Among its benefits, it may prove an important component of risk assessments to map and monitor \u201chot spots.\u201dThe assessment of communities and areas of return or choice should take into account the availability of natural resources (including land, water, forests, wildlife), livelihood conditions, economic opportunities and existing infrastructure (such as transportation, access to markets, and the availability of communications and services), and the overall security situation in the area. It should also map the accessibility of local social services and institutions that serve persons with disabilities, offer psychosocial care, etc.Local and traditional knowledge related to ownership of land, resource use, man- agement of natural resources (including agricultural practices in cultivation, animal husbandry, fishing rights and access, etc.) should be sought during these assessments. See Module 6.30 for more information on natural resource management and DDR.Additional data will need to be examined concerning social and political conditions to be sure that there are not underlying historical tensions which could prevent success- ful reintegration. Gender audits will also be necessary. From a political perspective, an assessment of the formal and informal leadership, power relationships and group dynam- ics within receptor communities should also be undertaken. This information should be placed within an understanding of the macroeconomic situation (i.e. the country and regional situation).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":849, "Sentence":"Based on the information gathered from the early profiling and pre-registration survey, an assessment should be made of the economic, political, and social potential and con- straints of the areas that ex-combatants and associated groups are expected to return to or resettle in.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration based information gathered early profiling preregistration survey assessment made economic political social potential con straints area excombatants associated group expected return resettle ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Based on the information gathered from the early profiling and pre-registration survey, an assessment should be made of the economic, political, and social potential and con- straints of the areas that ex-combatants and associated groups are expected to return to or resettle in. This assessment should then be enhanced and greatly expanded based on the individual data collected during disarmament and\/or demobilization, and stored in a management information system (MIS) (for more information on managing data see sec- tion 7.6). Among its benefits, it may prove an important component of risk assessments to map and monitor \u201chot spots.\u201dThe assessment of communities and areas of return or choice should take into account the availability of natural resources (including land, water, forests, wildlife), livelihood conditions, economic opportunities and existing infrastructure (such as transportation, access to markets, and the availability of communications and services), and the overall security situation in the area. It should also map the accessibility of local social services and institutions that serve persons with disabilities, offer psychosocial care, etc.Local and traditional knowledge related to ownership of land, resource use, man- agement of natural resources (including agricultural practices in cultivation, animal husbandry, fishing rights and access, etc.) should be sought during these assessments. See Module 6.30 for more information on natural resource management and DDR.Additional data will need to be examined concerning social and political conditions to be sure that there are not underlying historical tensions which could prevent success- ful reintegration. Gender audits will also be necessary. From a political perspective, an assessment of the formal and informal leadership, power relationships and group dynam- ics within receptor communities should also be undertaken. This information should be placed within an understanding of the macroeconomic situation (i.e. the country and regional situation).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":849, "Sentence":"This assessment should then be enhanced and greatly expanded based on the individual data collected during disarmament and\/or demobilization, and stored in a management information system (MIS) (for more information on managing data see sec- tion 7.6).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration assessment enhanced greatly expanded based individual data collected disarmament and\/or demobilization stored management information system mi information managing data see sec tion 7.6 ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Based on the information gathered from the early profiling and pre-registration survey, an assessment should be made of the economic, political, and social potential and con- straints of the areas that ex-combatants and associated groups are expected to return to or resettle in. This assessment should then be enhanced and greatly expanded based on the individual data collected during disarmament and\/or demobilization, and stored in a management information system (MIS) (for more information on managing data see sec- tion 7.6). Among its benefits, it may prove an important component of risk assessments to map and monitor \u201chot spots.\u201dThe assessment of communities and areas of return or choice should take into account the availability of natural resources (including land, water, forests, wildlife), livelihood conditions, economic opportunities and existing infrastructure (such as transportation, access to markets, and the availability of communications and services), and the overall security situation in the area. It should also map the accessibility of local social services and institutions that serve persons with disabilities, offer psychosocial care, etc.Local and traditional knowledge related to ownership of land, resource use, man- agement of natural resources (including agricultural practices in cultivation, animal husbandry, fishing rights and access, etc.) should be sought during these assessments. See Module 6.30 for more information on natural resource management and DDR.Additional data will need to be examined concerning social and political conditions to be sure that there are not underlying historical tensions which could prevent success- ful reintegration. Gender audits will also be necessary. From a political perspective, an assessment of the formal and informal leadership, power relationships and group dynam- ics within receptor communities should also be undertaken. This information should be placed within an understanding of the macroeconomic situation (i.e. the country and regional situation).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":849, "Sentence":"Among its benefits, it may prove an important component of risk assessments to map and monitor \u201chot spots.\u201dThe assessment of communities and areas of return or choice should take into account the availability of natural resources (including land, water, forests, wildlife), livelihood conditions, economic opportunities and existing infrastructure (such as transportation, access to markets, and the availability of communications and services), and the overall security situation in the area.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration among benefit may prove important component risk assessment map monitor \u201c hot spots. \u201d assessment community area return choice take account availability natural resource including land water forest wildlife livelihood condition economic opportunity existing infrastructure transportation access market availability communication service overall security situation area ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Based on the information gathered from the early profiling and pre-registration survey, an assessment should be made of the economic, political, and social potential and con- straints of the areas that ex-combatants and associated groups are expected to return to or resettle in. This assessment should then be enhanced and greatly expanded based on the individual data collected during disarmament and\/or demobilization, and stored in a management information system (MIS) (for more information on managing data see sec- tion 7.6). Among its benefits, it may prove an important component of risk assessments to map and monitor \u201chot spots.\u201dThe assessment of communities and areas of return or choice should take into account the availability of natural resources (including land, water, forests, wildlife), livelihood conditions, economic opportunities and existing infrastructure (such as transportation, access to markets, and the availability of communications and services), and the overall security situation in the area. It should also map the accessibility of local social services and institutions that serve persons with disabilities, offer psychosocial care, etc.Local and traditional knowledge related to ownership of land, resource use, man- agement of natural resources (including agricultural practices in cultivation, animal husbandry, fishing rights and access, etc.) should be sought during these assessments. See Module 6.30 for more information on natural resource management and DDR.Additional data will need to be examined concerning social and political conditions to be sure that there are not underlying historical tensions which could prevent success- ful reintegration. Gender audits will also be necessary. From a political perspective, an assessment of the formal and informal leadership, power relationships and group dynam- ics within receptor communities should also be undertaken. This information should be placed within an understanding of the macroeconomic situation (i.e. the country and regional situation).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":849, "Sentence":"It should also map the accessibility of local social services and institutions that serve persons with disabilities, offer psychosocial care, etc.Local and traditional knowledge related to ownership of land, resource use, man- agement of natural resources (including agricultural practices in cultivation, animal husbandry, fishing rights and access, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration also map accessibility local social service institution serve person disability offer psychosocial care etc.local traditional knowledge related ownership land resource use man agement natural resource including agricultural practice cultivation animal husbandry fishing right access etc ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Based on the information gathered from the early profiling and pre-registration survey, an assessment should be made of the economic, political, and social potential and con- straints of the areas that ex-combatants and associated groups are expected to return to or resettle in. This assessment should then be enhanced and greatly expanded based on the individual data collected during disarmament and\/or demobilization, and stored in a management information system (MIS) (for more information on managing data see sec- tion 7.6). Among its benefits, it may prove an important component of risk assessments to map and monitor \u201chot spots.\u201dThe assessment of communities and areas of return or choice should take into account the availability of natural resources (including land, water, forests, wildlife), livelihood conditions, economic opportunities and existing infrastructure (such as transportation, access to markets, and the availability of communications and services), and the overall security situation in the area. It should also map the accessibility of local social services and institutions that serve persons with disabilities, offer psychosocial care, etc.Local and traditional knowledge related to ownership of land, resource use, man- agement of natural resources (including agricultural practices in cultivation, animal husbandry, fishing rights and access, etc.) should be sought during these assessments. See Module 6.30 for more information on natural resource management and DDR.Additional data will need to be examined concerning social and political conditions to be sure that there are not underlying historical tensions which could prevent success- ful reintegration. Gender audits will also be necessary. From a political perspective, an assessment of the formal and informal leadership, power relationships and group dynam- ics within receptor communities should also be undertaken. This information should be placed within an understanding of the macroeconomic situation (i.e. the country and regional situation).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":849, "Sentence":"should be sought during these assessments.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration sought assessment ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Based on the information gathered from the early profiling and pre-registration survey, an assessment should be made of the economic, political, and social potential and con- straints of the areas that ex-combatants and associated groups are expected to return to or resettle in. This assessment should then be enhanced and greatly expanded based on the individual data collected during disarmament and\/or demobilization, and stored in a management information system (MIS) (for more information on managing data see sec- tion 7.6). Among its benefits, it may prove an important component of risk assessments to map and monitor \u201chot spots.\u201dThe assessment of communities and areas of return or choice should take into account the availability of natural resources (including land, water, forests, wildlife), livelihood conditions, economic opportunities and existing infrastructure (such as transportation, access to markets, and the availability of communications and services), and the overall security situation in the area. It should also map the accessibility of local social services and institutions that serve persons with disabilities, offer psychosocial care, etc.Local and traditional knowledge related to ownership of land, resource use, man- agement of natural resources (including agricultural practices in cultivation, animal husbandry, fishing rights and access, etc.) should be sought during these assessments. See Module 6.30 for more information on natural resource management and DDR.Additional data will need to be examined concerning social and political conditions to be sure that there are not underlying historical tensions which could prevent success- ful reintegration. Gender audits will also be necessary. From a political perspective, an assessment of the formal and informal leadership, power relationships and group dynam- ics within receptor communities should also be undertaken. This information should be placed within an understanding of the macroeconomic situation (i.e. the country and regional situation).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":849, "Sentence":"See Module 6.30 for more information on natural resource management and DDR.Additional data will need to be examined concerning social and political conditions to be sure that there are not underlying historical tensions which could prevent success- ful reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration see module 6.30 information natural resource management ddr.additional data need examined concerning social political condition sure underlying historical tension could prevent success ful reintegration ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Based on the information gathered from the early profiling and pre-registration survey, an assessment should be made of the economic, political, and social potential and con- straints of the areas that ex-combatants and associated groups are expected to return to or resettle in. This assessment should then be enhanced and greatly expanded based on the individual data collected during disarmament and\/or demobilization, and stored in a management information system (MIS) (for more information on managing data see sec- tion 7.6). Among its benefits, it may prove an important component of risk assessments to map and monitor \u201chot spots.\u201dThe assessment of communities and areas of return or choice should take into account the availability of natural resources (including land, water, forests, wildlife), livelihood conditions, economic opportunities and existing infrastructure (such as transportation, access to markets, and the availability of communications and services), and the overall security situation in the area. It should also map the accessibility of local social services and institutions that serve persons with disabilities, offer psychosocial care, etc.Local and traditional knowledge related to ownership of land, resource use, man- agement of natural resources (including agricultural practices in cultivation, animal husbandry, fishing rights and access, etc.) should be sought during these assessments. See Module 6.30 for more information on natural resource management and DDR.Additional data will need to be examined concerning social and political conditions to be sure that there are not underlying historical tensions which could prevent success- ful reintegration. Gender audits will also be necessary. From a political perspective, an assessment of the formal and informal leadership, power relationships and group dynam- ics within receptor communities should also be undertaken. This information should be placed within an understanding of the macroeconomic situation (i.e. the country and regional situation).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":849, "Sentence":"Gender audits will also be necessary.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration gender audit also necessary ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Based on the information gathered from the early profiling and pre-registration survey, an assessment should be made of the economic, political, and social potential and con- straints of the areas that ex-combatants and associated groups are expected to return to or resettle in. This assessment should then be enhanced and greatly expanded based on the individual data collected during disarmament and\/or demobilization, and stored in a management information system (MIS) (for more information on managing data see sec- tion 7.6). Among its benefits, it may prove an important component of risk assessments to map and monitor \u201chot spots.\u201dThe assessment of communities and areas of return or choice should take into account the availability of natural resources (including land, water, forests, wildlife), livelihood conditions, economic opportunities and existing infrastructure (such as transportation, access to markets, and the availability of communications and services), and the overall security situation in the area. It should also map the accessibility of local social services and institutions that serve persons with disabilities, offer psychosocial care, etc.Local and traditional knowledge related to ownership of land, resource use, man- agement of natural resources (including agricultural practices in cultivation, animal husbandry, fishing rights and access, etc.) should be sought during these assessments. See Module 6.30 for more information on natural resource management and DDR.Additional data will need to be examined concerning social and political conditions to be sure that there are not underlying historical tensions which could prevent success- ful reintegration. Gender audits will also be necessary. From a political perspective, an assessment of the formal and informal leadership, power relationships and group dynam- ics within receptor communities should also be undertaken. This information should be placed within an understanding of the macroeconomic situation (i.e. the country and regional situation).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":849, "Sentence":"From a political perspective, an assessment of the formal and informal leadership, power relationships and group dynam- ics within receptor communities should also be undertaken.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration political perspective assessment formal informal leadership power relationship group dynam ic within receptor community also undertaken ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Based on the information gathered from the early profiling and pre-registration survey, an assessment should be made of the economic, political, and social potential and con- straints of the areas that ex-combatants and associated groups are expected to return to or resettle in. This assessment should then be enhanced and greatly expanded based on the individual data collected during disarmament and\/or demobilization, and stored in a management information system (MIS) (for more information on managing data see sec- tion 7.6). Among its benefits, it may prove an important component of risk assessments to map and monitor \u201chot spots.\u201dThe assessment of communities and areas of return or choice should take into account the availability of natural resources (including land, water, forests, wildlife), livelihood conditions, economic opportunities and existing infrastructure (such as transportation, access to markets, and the availability of communications and services), and the overall security situation in the area. It should also map the accessibility of local social services and institutions that serve persons with disabilities, offer psychosocial care, etc.Local and traditional knowledge related to ownership of land, resource use, man- agement of natural resources (including agricultural practices in cultivation, animal husbandry, fishing rights and access, etc.) should be sought during these assessments. See Module 6.30 for more information on natural resource management and DDR.Additional data will need to be examined concerning social and political conditions to be sure that there are not underlying historical tensions which could prevent success- ful reintegration. Gender audits will also be necessary. From a political perspective, an assessment of the formal and informal leadership, power relationships and group dynam- ics within receptor communities should also be undertaken. This information should be placed within an understanding of the macroeconomic situation (i.e. the country and regional situation).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":849, "Sentence":"This information should be placed within an understanding of the macroeconomic situation (i.e.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration information placed within understanding macroeconomic situation i.e ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.3. Identification and assessment of areas of return and resettlement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Based on the information gathered from the early profiling and pre-registration survey, an assessment should be made of the economic, political, and social potential and con- straints of the areas that ex-combatants and associated groups are expected to return to or resettle in. This assessment should then be enhanced and greatly expanded based on the individual data collected during disarmament and\/or demobilization, and stored in a management information system (MIS) (for more information on managing data see sec- tion 7.6). Among its benefits, it may prove an important component of risk assessments to map and monitor \u201chot spots.\u201dThe assessment of communities and areas of return or choice should take into account the availability of natural resources (including land, water, forests, wildlife), livelihood conditions, economic opportunities and existing infrastructure (such as transportation, access to markets, and the availability of communications and services), and the overall security situation in the area. It should also map the accessibility of local social services and institutions that serve persons with disabilities, offer psychosocial care, etc.Local and traditional knowledge related to ownership of land, resource use, man- agement of natural resources (including agricultural practices in cultivation, animal husbandry, fishing rights and access, etc.) should be sought during these assessments. See Module 6.30 for more information on natural resource management and DDR.Additional data will need to be examined concerning social and political conditions to be sure that there are not underlying historical tensions which could prevent success- ful reintegration. Gender audits will also be necessary. From a political perspective, an assessment of the formal and informal leadership, power relationships and group dynam- ics within receptor communities should also be undertaken. This information should be placed within an understanding of the macroeconomic situation (i.e. the country and regional situation).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":849, "Sentence":"the country and regional situation).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration country regional situation ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.4. Community perception surveys", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Community perception surveys include background information on socioeconomic and demographic data on all future direct beneficiaries of the reintegration programme including community expectations and perceptions of assistance provided to returning\/ resettling ex-combatants. Community perception surveys collect useful data which can be used for qualitative indicators and to monitor changes in community perceptions of the reintegration process over time. DDR programmes should assess the strength of support for the reintegration process from these surveys and try their best to produce activities and programming that match the needs and desires of both programme participants and beneficiaries.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible. These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context. Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole. Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible. These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context. Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole. Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":850, "Sentence":"Community perception surveys include background information on socioeconomic and demographic data on all future direct beneficiaries of the reintegration programme including community expectations and perceptions of assistance provided to returning\/ resettling ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration community perception survey include background information socioeconomic demographic data future direct beneficiary reintegration programme including community expectation perception assistance provided returning\/ resettling excombatants ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.4. Community perception surveys", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Community perception surveys include background information on socioeconomic and demographic data on all future direct beneficiaries of the reintegration programme including community expectations and perceptions of assistance provided to returning\/ resettling ex-combatants. Community perception surveys collect useful data which can be used for qualitative indicators and to monitor changes in community perceptions of the reintegration process over time. DDR programmes should assess the strength of support for the reintegration process from these surveys and try their best to produce activities and programming that match the needs and desires of both programme participants and beneficiaries.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible. These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context. Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole. Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible. These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context. Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole. Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":850, "Sentence":"Community perception surveys collect useful data which can be used for qualitative indicators and to monitor changes in community perceptions of the reintegration process over time.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration community perception survey collect useful data used qualitative indicator monitor change community perception reintegration process time ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.4. Community perception surveys", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Community perception surveys include background information on socioeconomic and demographic data on all future direct beneficiaries of the reintegration programme including community expectations and perceptions of assistance provided to returning\/ resettling ex-combatants. Community perception surveys collect useful data which can be used for qualitative indicators and to monitor changes in community perceptions of the reintegration process over time. DDR programmes should assess the strength of support for the reintegration process from these surveys and try their best to produce activities and programming that match the needs and desires of both programme participants and beneficiaries.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible. These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context. Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole. Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible. These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context. Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole. Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":850, "Sentence":"DDR programmes should assess the strength of support for the reintegration process from these surveys and try their best to produce activities and programming that match the needs and desires of both programme participants and beneficiaries.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ddr programme ass strength support reintegration process survey try best produce activity programming match need desire programme participant beneficiaries.ddr programme rely local institution civil society carry survey whenever wherever possible ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.4. Community perception surveys", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Community perception surveys include background information on socioeconomic and demographic data on all future direct beneficiaries of the reintegration programme including community expectations and perceptions of assistance provided to returning\/ resettling ex-combatants. Community perception surveys collect useful data which can be used for qualitative indicators and to monitor changes in community perceptions of the reintegration process over time. DDR programmes should assess the strength of support for the reintegration process from these surveys and try their best to produce activities and programming that match the needs and desires of both programme participants and beneficiaries.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible. These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context. Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole. Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible. These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context. Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole. Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":850, "Sentence":"These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration conducted interview focus group depending appropriateness context ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.4. Community perception surveys", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Community perception surveys include background information on socioeconomic and demographic data on all future direct beneficiaries of the reintegration programme including community expectations and perceptions of assistance provided to returning\/ resettling ex-combatants. Community perception surveys collect useful data which can be used for qualitative indicators and to monitor changes in community perceptions of the reintegration process over time. DDR programmes should assess the strength of support for the reintegration process from these surveys and try their best to produce activities and programming that match the needs and desires of both programme participants and beneficiaries.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible. These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context. Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole. Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible. These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context. Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole. Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":850, "Sentence":"Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration community opportunity express opinion preference freely term activity best support reintegration process community whole ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.4. Community perception surveys", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Community perception surveys include background information on socioeconomic and demographic data on all future direct beneficiaries of the reintegration programme including community expectations and perceptions of assistance provided to returning\/ resettling ex-combatants. Community perception surveys collect useful data which can be used for qualitative indicators and to monitor changes in community perceptions of the reintegration process over time. DDR programmes should assess the strength of support for the reintegration process from these surveys and try their best to produce activities and programming that match the needs and desires of both programme participants and beneficiaries.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible. These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context. Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole. Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible. These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context. Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole. Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":850, "Sentence":"Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration surveyor also careful raise expectation well since reintegration programme able meet desire term economic opportunity social support communities.ddr programme rely local institution civil society carry survey whenever wherever possible ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.4. Community perception surveys", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Community perception surveys include background information on socioeconomic and demographic data on all future direct beneficiaries of the reintegration programme including community expectations and perceptions of assistance provided to returning\/ resettling ex-combatants. Community perception surveys collect useful data which can be used for qualitative indicators and to monitor changes in community perceptions of the reintegration process over time. DDR programmes should assess the strength of support for the reintegration process from these surveys and try their best to produce activities and programming that match the needs and desires of both programme participants and beneficiaries.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible. These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context. Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole. Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible. These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context. Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole. Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":850, "Sentence":"These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration conducted interview focus group depending appropriateness context ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.4. Community perception surveys", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Community perception surveys include background information on socioeconomic and demographic data on all future direct beneficiaries of the reintegration programme including community expectations and perceptions of assistance provided to returning\/ resettling ex-combatants. Community perception surveys collect useful data which can be used for qualitative indicators and to monitor changes in community perceptions of the reintegration process over time. DDR programmes should assess the strength of support for the reintegration process from these surveys and try their best to produce activities and programming that match the needs and desires of both programme participants and beneficiaries.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible. These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context. Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole. Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible. These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context. Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole. Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":850, "Sentence":"Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration community opportunity express opinion preference freely term activity best support reintegration process community whole ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.4. Community perception surveys", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Community perception surveys include background information on socioeconomic and demographic data on all future direct beneficiaries of the reintegration programme including community expectations and perceptions of assistance provided to returning\/ resettling ex-combatants. Community perception surveys collect useful data which can be used for qualitative indicators and to monitor changes in community perceptions of the reintegration process over time. DDR programmes should assess the strength of support for the reintegration process from these surveys and try their best to produce activities and programming that match the needs and desires of both programme participants and beneficiaries.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible. These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context. Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole. Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.DDR programmes should rely on local institutions and civil society to carry out such surveys whenever and wherever possible. These can be conducted as interviews or focus groups, depending on appropriateness and context. Communities should have the opportunity to express their opinions and preferences freely in terms of activities that best support the reintegration process and the community as a whole. Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":850, "Sentence":"Surveyors should also be careful not to raise expectations here as well, since the reintegration programme will not be able to meet all desires in terms of economic opportunities and social support to communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration surveyor also careful raise expectation well since reintegration programme able meet desire term economic opportunity social support community ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.5. Reintegration opportunity mapping", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The post-conflict economic environment can be extremely complex and difficult as armed conflicts invariably damage or destroy human and economic capital, transform social relationships and trust, weaken production and trade systems, and distort the labour mar- ket. In this challenging environment, it is essential that DDR programmes avoid creating unrealistic expectations among stakeholders, especially programme participants and ben- eficiaries. By conducting reintegration opportunity mappings, programme managers will have a clearer understanding of the actual economic opportunities and assets available to those being reintegrated and be better equipped to provide ex-combatants with clear information as to what the reintegration programme will involve.DDR programme planners should prioritize the development of a countrywide sys- tematic mapping that builds upon the PCNA and other assessments conducted by relevant organizations to identify existing and potential employment opportunities. The analysis should include the functioning of: i) markets (labour, capital, goods and services, etc.); ii) input factors (land, energy resources, infrastructure, technology and information, etc.); and iii) supporting factors (institutional capacity in formal and informal economies, finan- cial markets, etc.). It should also capture potential financial service providers or training institutions available to support self-employment opportunities. Successful collaboration with development agencies and their monitoring activities is essential to this process.Opportunity mappings will also assess access to land and other natural resources, education and training possibilities, micro credit services (in contexts where they exist) and other employment and business development services (i.e. technical advisory, information and counseling services). The survey should include other development pro- grammes (both existing and planned) within the national recovery effort, as well as those of international and national development organizations.Attention shall be paid to different groups during opportunity mapping so that the employment, education and training needs and opportunities, as well as other resource needs of women and men, youth, children, and persons with disabilities, are well-un- derstood (also see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Module 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and Module 5.30 on Children and DDR). Social support services, such as support for people living with HIV\/AIDS, trauma and drug abuse counseling, and\/or disability rehabilitation services, should also be identified.This mapping should take place as early as possible (ideally beginning 9-12 months before the disarmament and demobilization phases begin) to ensure that training and social support programmes are ready when ex-combatants need them. They should reflect local and international laws and standards on gender- and age-appropriate labour, as well as changes in gender roles that may have occurred during conflict.On the basis of these assessments, the DDR programme can select training provid- ers, assess costs and capacity support needs, and develop context-specific programmes designed to meet the needs of diverse programme participants and beneficiaries.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":851, "Sentence":"The post-conflict economic environment can be extremely complex and difficult as armed conflicts invariably damage or destroy human and economic capital, transform social relationships and trust, weaken production and trade systems, and distort the labour mar- ket.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration postconflict economic environment extremely complex difficult armed conflict invariably damage destroy human economic capital transform social relationship trust weaken production trade system distort labour mar ket ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.5. Reintegration opportunity mapping", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The post-conflict economic environment can be extremely complex and difficult as armed conflicts invariably damage or destroy human and economic capital, transform social relationships and trust, weaken production and trade systems, and distort the labour mar- ket. In this challenging environment, it is essential that DDR programmes avoid creating unrealistic expectations among stakeholders, especially programme participants and ben- eficiaries. By conducting reintegration opportunity mappings, programme managers will have a clearer understanding of the actual economic opportunities and assets available to those being reintegrated and be better equipped to provide ex-combatants with clear information as to what the reintegration programme will involve.DDR programme planners should prioritize the development of a countrywide sys- tematic mapping that builds upon the PCNA and other assessments conducted by relevant organizations to identify existing and potential employment opportunities. The analysis should include the functioning of: i) markets (labour, capital, goods and services, etc.); ii) input factors (land, energy resources, infrastructure, technology and information, etc.); and iii) supporting factors (institutional capacity in formal and informal economies, finan- cial markets, etc.). It should also capture potential financial service providers or training institutions available to support self-employment opportunities. Successful collaboration with development agencies and their monitoring activities is essential to this process.Opportunity mappings will also assess access to land and other natural resources, education and training possibilities, micro credit services (in contexts where they exist) and other employment and business development services (i.e. technical advisory, information and counseling services). The survey should include other development pro- grammes (both existing and planned) within the national recovery effort, as well as those of international and national development organizations.Attention shall be paid to different groups during opportunity mapping so that the employment, education and training needs and opportunities, as well as other resource needs of women and men, youth, children, and persons with disabilities, are well-un- derstood (also see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Module 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and Module 5.30 on Children and DDR). Social support services, such as support for people living with HIV\/AIDS, trauma and drug abuse counseling, and\/or disability rehabilitation services, should also be identified.This mapping should take place as early as possible (ideally beginning 9-12 months before the disarmament and demobilization phases begin) to ensure that training and social support programmes are ready when ex-combatants need them. They should reflect local and international laws and standards on gender- and age-appropriate labour, as well as changes in gender roles that may have occurred during conflict.On the basis of these assessments, the DDR programme can select training provid- ers, assess costs and capacity support needs, and develop context-specific programmes designed to meet the needs of diverse programme participants and beneficiaries.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":851, "Sentence":"In this challenging environment, it is essential that DDR programmes avoid creating unrealistic expectations among stakeholders, especially programme participants and ben- eficiaries.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration challenging environment essential ddr programme avoid creating unrealistic expectation among stakeholder especially programme participant ben eficiaries ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.5. Reintegration opportunity mapping", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The post-conflict economic environment can be extremely complex and difficult as armed conflicts invariably damage or destroy human and economic capital, transform social relationships and trust, weaken production and trade systems, and distort the labour mar- ket. In this challenging environment, it is essential that DDR programmes avoid creating unrealistic expectations among stakeholders, especially programme participants and ben- eficiaries. By conducting reintegration opportunity mappings, programme managers will have a clearer understanding of the actual economic opportunities and assets available to those being reintegrated and be better equipped to provide ex-combatants with clear information as to what the reintegration programme will involve.DDR programme planners should prioritize the development of a countrywide sys- tematic mapping that builds upon the PCNA and other assessments conducted by relevant organizations to identify existing and potential employment opportunities. The analysis should include the functioning of: i) markets (labour, capital, goods and services, etc.); ii) input factors (land, energy resources, infrastructure, technology and information, etc.); and iii) supporting factors (institutional capacity in formal and informal economies, finan- cial markets, etc.). It should also capture potential financial service providers or training institutions available to support self-employment opportunities. Successful collaboration with development agencies and their monitoring activities is essential to this process.Opportunity mappings will also assess access to land and other natural resources, education and training possibilities, micro credit services (in contexts where they exist) and other employment and business development services (i.e. technical advisory, information and counseling services). The survey should include other development pro- grammes (both existing and planned) within the national recovery effort, as well as those of international and national development organizations.Attention shall be paid to different groups during opportunity mapping so that the employment, education and training needs and opportunities, as well as other resource needs of women and men, youth, children, and persons with disabilities, are well-un- derstood (also see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Module 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and Module 5.30 on Children and DDR). Social support services, such as support for people living with HIV\/AIDS, trauma and drug abuse counseling, and\/or disability rehabilitation services, should also be identified.This mapping should take place as early as possible (ideally beginning 9-12 months before the disarmament and demobilization phases begin) to ensure that training and social support programmes are ready when ex-combatants need them. They should reflect local and international laws and standards on gender- and age-appropriate labour, as well as changes in gender roles that may have occurred during conflict.On the basis of these assessments, the DDR programme can select training provid- ers, assess costs and capacity support needs, and develop context-specific programmes designed to meet the needs of diverse programme participants and beneficiaries.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":851, "Sentence":"By conducting reintegration opportunity mappings, programme managers will have a clearer understanding of the actual economic opportunities and assets available to those being reintegrated and be better equipped to provide ex-combatants with clear information as to what the reintegration programme will involve.DDR programme planners should prioritize the development of a countrywide sys- tematic mapping that builds upon the PCNA and other assessments conducted by relevant organizations to identify existing and potential employment opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration conducting reintegration opportunity mapping programme manager clearer understanding actual economic opportunity asset available reintegrated better equipped provide excombatants clear information reintegration programme involve.ddr programme planner prioritize development countrywide sys tematic mapping build upon pcna assessment conducted relevant organization identify existing potential employment opportunity ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.5. Reintegration opportunity mapping", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The post-conflict economic environment can be extremely complex and difficult as armed conflicts invariably damage or destroy human and economic capital, transform social relationships and trust, weaken production and trade systems, and distort the labour mar- ket. In this challenging environment, it is essential that DDR programmes avoid creating unrealistic expectations among stakeholders, especially programme participants and ben- eficiaries. By conducting reintegration opportunity mappings, programme managers will have a clearer understanding of the actual economic opportunities and assets available to those being reintegrated and be better equipped to provide ex-combatants with clear information as to what the reintegration programme will involve.DDR programme planners should prioritize the development of a countrywide sys- tematic mapping that builds upon the PCNA and other assessments conducted by relevant organizations to identify existing and potential employment opportunities. The analysis should include the functioning of: i) markets (labour, capital, goods and services, etc.); ii) input factors (land, energy resources, infrastructure, technology and information, etc.); and iii) supporting factors (institutional capacity in formal and informal economies, finan- cial markets, etc.). It should also capture potential financial service providers or training institutions available to support self-employment opportunities. Successful collaboration with development agencies and their monitoring activities is essential to this process.Opportunity mappings will also assess access to land and other natural resources, education and training possibilities, micro credit services (in contexts where they exist) and other employment and business development services (i.e. technical advisory, information and counseling services). The survey should include other development pro- grammes (both existing and planned) within the national recovery effort, as well as those of international and national development organizations.Attention shall be paid to different groups during opportunity mapping so that the employment, education and training needs and opportunities, as well as other resource needs of women and men, youth, children, and persons with disabilities, are well-un- derstood (also see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Module 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and Module 5.30 on Children and DDR). Social support services, such as support for people living with HIV\/AIDS, trauma and drug abuse counseling, and\/or disability rehabilitation services, should also be identified.This mapping should take place as early as possible (ideally beginning 9-12 months before the disarmament and demobilization phases begin) to ensure that training and social support programmes are ready when ex-combatants need them. They should reflect local and international laws and standards on gender- and age-appropriate labour, as well as changes in gender roles that may have occurred during conflict.On the basis of these assessments, the DDR programme can select training provid- ers, assess costs and capacity support needs, and develop context-specific programmes designed to meet the needs of diverse programme participants and beneficiaries.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":851, "Sentence":"The analysis should include the functioning of: i) markets (labour, capital, goods and services, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration analysis include functioning market labour capital good service etc ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.5. Reintegration opportunity mapping", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The post-conflict economic environment can be extremely complex and difficult as armed conflicts invariably damage or destroy human and economic capital, transform social relationships and trust, weaken production and trade systems, and distort the labour mar- ket. In this challenging environment, it is essential that DDR programmes avoid creating unrealistic expectations among stakeholders, especially programme participants and ben- eficiaries. By conducting reintegration opportunity mappings, programme managers will have a clearer understanding of the actual economic opportunities and assets available to those being reintegrated and be better equipped to provide ex-combatants with clear information as to what the reintegration programme will involve.DDR programme planners should prioritize the development of a countrywide sys- tematic mapping that builds upon the PCNA and other assessments conducted by relevant organizations to identify existing and potential employment opportunities. The analysis should include the functioning of: i) markets (labour, capital, goods and services, etc.); ii) input factors (land, energy resources, infrastructure, technology and information, etc.); and iii) supporting factors (institutional capacity in formal and informal economies, finan- cial markets, etc.). It should also capture potential financial service providers or training institutions available to support self-employment opportunities. Successful collaboration with development agencies and their monitoring activities is essential to this process.Opportunity mappings will also assess access to land and other natural resources, education and training possibilities, micro credit services (in contexts where they exist) and other employment and business development services (i.e. technical advisory, information and counseling services). The survey should include other development pro- grammes (both existing and planned) within the national recovery effort, as well as those of international and national development organizations.Attention shall be paid to different groups during opportunity mapping so that the employment, education and training needs and opportunities, as well as other resource needs of women and men, youth, children, and persons with disabilities, are well-un- derstood (also see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Module 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and Module 5.30 on Children and DDR). Social support services, such as support for people living with HIV\/AIDS, trauma and drug abuse counseling, and\/or disability rehabilitation services, should also be identified.This mapping should take place as early as possible (ideally beginning 9-12 months before the disarmament and demobilization phases begin) to ensure that training and social support programmes are ready when ex-combatants need them. They should reflect local and international laws and standards on gender- and age-appropriate labour, as well as changes in gender roles that may have occurred during conflict.On the basis of these assessments, the DDR programme can select training provid- ers, assess costs and capacity support needs, and develop context-specific programmes designed to meet the needs of diverse programme participants and beneficiaries.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":851, "Sentence":"); ii) input factors (land, energy resources, infrastructure, technology and information, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ii input factor land energy resource infrastructure technology information etc ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.5. Reintegration opportunity mapping", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The post-conflict economic environment can be extremely complex and difficult as armed conflicts invariably damage or destroy human and economic capital, transform social relationships and trust, weaken production and trade systems, and distort the labour mar- ket. In this challenging environment, it is essential that DDR programmes avoid creating unrealistic expectations among stakeholders, especially programme participants and ben- eficiaries. By conducting reintegration opportunity mappings, programme managers will have a clearer understanding of the actual economic opportunities and assets available to those being reintegrated and be better equipped to provide ex-combatants with clear information as to what the reintegration programme will involve.DDR programme planners should prioritize the development of a countrywide sys- tematic mapping that builds upon the PCNA and other assessments conducted by relevant organizations to identify existing and potential employment opportunities. The analysis should include the functioning of: i) markets (labour, capital, goods and services, etc.); ii) input factors (land, energy resources, infrastructure, technology and information, etc.); and iii) supporting factors (institutional capacity in formal and informal economies, finan- cial markets, etc.). It should also capture potential financial service providers or training institutions available to support self-employment opportunities. Successful collaboration with development agencies and their monitoring activities is essential to this process.Opportunity mappings will also assess access to land and other natural resources, education and training possibilities, micro credit services (in contexts where they exist) and other employment and business development services (i.e. technical advisory, information and counseling services). The survey should include other development pro- grammes (both existing and planned) within the national recovery effort, as well as those of international and national development organizations.Attention shall be paid to different groups during opportunity mapping so that the employment, education and training needs and opportunities, as well as other resource needs of women and men, youth, children, and persons with disabilities, are well-un- derstood (also see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Module 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and Module 5.30 on Children and DDR). Social support services, such as support for people living with HIV\/AIDS, trauma and drug abuse counseling, and\/or disability rehabilitation services, should also be identified.This mapping should take place as early as possible (ideally beginning 9-12 months before the disarmament and demobilization phases begin) to ensure that training and social support programmes are ready when ex-combatants need them. They should reflect local and international laws and standards on gender- and age-appropriate labour, as well as changes in gender roles that may have occurred during conflict.On the basis of these assessments, the DDR programme can select training provid- ers, assess costs and capacity support needs, and develop context-specific programmes designed to meet the needs of diverse programme participants and beneficiaries.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":851, "Sentence":"); and iii) supporting factors (institutional capacity in formal and informal economies, finan- cial markets, etc.).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration iii supporting factor institutional capacity formal informal economy finan cial market etc .." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.5. Reintegration opportunity mapping", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The post-conflict economic environment can be extremely complex and difficult as armed conflicts invariably damage or destroy human and economic capital, transform social relationships and trust, weaken production and trade systems, and distort the labour mar- ket. In this challenging environment, it is essential that DDR programmes avoid creating unrealistic expectations among stakeholders, especially programme participants and ben- eficiaries. By conducting reintegration opportunity mappings, programme managers will have a clearer understanding of the actual economic opportunities and assets available to those being reintegrated and be better equipped to provide ex-combatants with clear information as to what the reintegration programme will involve.DDR programme planners should prioritize the development of a countrywide sys- tematic mapping that builds upon the PCNA and other assessments conducted by relevant organizations to identify existing and potential employment opportunities. The analysis should include the functioning of: i) markets (labour, capital, goods and services, etc.); ii) input factors (land, energy resources, infrastructure, technology and information, etc.); and iii) supporting factors (institutional capacity in formal and informal economies, finan- cial markets, etc.). It should also capture potential financial service providers or training institutions available to support self-employment opportunities. Successful collaboration with development agencies and their monitoring activities is essential to this process.Opportunity mappings will also assess access to land and other natural resources, education and training possibilities, micro credit services (in contexts where they exist) and other employment and business development services (i.e. technical advisory, information and counseling services). The survey should include other development pro- grammes (both existing and planned) within the national recovery effort, as well as those of international and national development organizations.Attention shall be paid to different groups during opportunity mapping so that the employment, education and training needs and opportunities, as well as other resource needs of women and men, youth, children, and persons with disabilities, are well-un- derstood (also see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Module 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and Module 5.30 on Children and DDR). Social support services, such as support for people living with HIV\/AIDS, trauma and drug abuse counseling, and\/or disability rehabilitation services, should also be identified.This mapping should take place as early as possible (ideally beginning 9-12 months before the disarmament and demobilization phases begin) to ensure that training and social support programmes are ready when ex-combatants need them. They should reflect local and international laws and standards on gender- and age-appropriate labour, as well as changes in gender roles that may have occurred during conflict.On the basis of these assessments, the DDR programme can select training provid- ers, assess costs and capacity support needs, and develop context-specific programmes designed to meet the needs of diverse programme participants and beneficiaries.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":851, "Sentence":"It should also capture potential financial service providers or training institutions available to support self-employment opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration also capture potential financial service provider training institution available support selfemployment opportunity ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.5. Reintegration opportunity mapping", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The post-conflict economic environment can be extremely complex and difficult as armed conflicts invariably damage or destroy human and economic capital, transform social relationships and trust, weaken production and trade systems, and distort the labour mar- ket. In this challenging environment, it is essential that DDR programmes avoid creating unrealistic expectations among stakeholders, especially programme participants and ben- eficiaries. By conducting reintegration opportunity mappings, programme managers will have a clearer understanding of the actual economic opportunities and assets available to those being reintegrated and be better equipped to provide ex-combatants with clear information as to what the reintegration programme will involve.DDR programme planners should prioritize the development of a countrywide sys- tematic mapping that builds upon the PCNA and other assessments conducted by relevant organizations to identify existing and potential employment opportunities. The analysis should include the functioning of: i) markets (labour, capital, goods and services, etc.); ii) input factors (land, energy resources, infrastructure, technology and information, etc.); and iii) supporting factors (institutional capacity in formal and informal economies, finan- cial markets, etc.). It should also capture potential financial service providers or training institutions available to support self-employment opportunities. Successful collaboration with development agencies and their monitoring activities is essential to this process.Opportunity mappings will also assess access to land and other natural resources, education and training possibilities, micro credit services (in contexts where they exist) and other employment and business development services (i.e. technical advisory, information and counseling services). The survey should include other development pro- grammes (both existing and planned) within the national recovery effort, as well as those of international and national development organizations.Attention shall be paid to different groups during opportunity mapping so that the employment, education and training needs and opportunities, as well as other resource needs of women and men, youth, children, and persons with disabilities, are well-un- derstood (also see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Module 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and Module 5.30 on Children and DDR). Social support services, such as support for people living with HIV\/AIDS, trauma and drug abuse counseling, and\/or disability rehabilitation services, should also be identified.This mapping should take place as early as possible (ideally beginning 9-12 months before the disarmament and demobilization phases begin) to ensure that training and social support programmes are ready when ex-combatants need them. They should reflect local and international laws and standards on gender- and age-appropriate labour, as well as changes in gender roles that may have occurred during conflict.On the basis of these assessments, the DDR programme can select training provid- ers, assess costs and capacity support needs, and develop context-specific programmes designed to meet the needs of diverse programme participants and beneficiaries.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":851, "Sentence":"Successful collaboration with development agencies and their monitoring activities is essential to this process.Opportunity mappings will also assess access to land and other natural resources, education and training possibilities, micro credit services (in contexts where they exist) and other employment and business development services (i.e.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration successful collaboration development agency monitoring activity essential process.opportunity mapping also ass access land natural resource education training possibility micro credit service context exist employment business development service i.e ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.5. Reintegration opportunity mapping", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The post-conflict economic environment can be extremely complex and difficult as armed conflicts invariably damage or destroy human and economic capital, transform social relationships and trust, weaken production and trade systems, and distort the labour mar- ket. In this challenging environment, it is essential that DDR programmes avoid creating unrealistic expectations among stakeholders, especially programme participants and ben- eficiaries. By conducting reintegration opportunity mappings, programme managers will have a clearer understanding of the actual economic opportunities and assets available to those being reintegrated and be better equipped to provide ex-combatants with clear information as to what the reintegration programme will involve.DDR programme planners should prioritize the development of a countrywide sys- tematic mapping that builds upon the PCNA and other assessments conducted by relevant organizations to identify existing and potential employment opportunities. The analysis should include the functioning of: i) markets (labour, capital, goods and services, etc.); ii) input factors (land, energy resources, infrastructure, technology and information, etc.); and iii) supporting factors (institutional capacity in formal and informal economies, finan- cial markets, etc.). It should also capture potential financial service providers or training institutions available to support self-employment opportunities. Successful collaboration with development agencies and their monitoring activities is essential to this process.Opportunity mappings will also assess access to land and other natural resources, education and training possibilities, micro credit services (in contexts where they exist) and other employment and business development services (i.e. technical advisory, information and counseling services). The survey should include other development pro- grammes (both existing and planned) within the national recovery effort, as well as those of international and national development organizations.Attention shall be paid to different groups during opportunity mapping so that the employment, education and training needs and opportunities, as well as other resource needs of women and men, youth, children, and persons with disabilities, are well-un- derstood (also see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Module 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and Module 5.30 on Children and DDR). Social support services, such as support for people living with HIV\/AIDS, trauma and drug abuse counseling, and\/or disability rehabilitation services, should also be identified.This mapping should take place as early as possible (ideally beginning 9-12 months before the disarmament and demobilization phases begin) to ensure that training and social support programmes are ready when ex-combatants need them. They should reflect local and international laws and standards on gender- and age-appropriate labour, as well as changes in gender roles that may have occurred during conflict.On the basis of these assessments, the DDR programme can select training provid- ers, assess costs and capacity support needs, and develop context-specific programmes designed to meet the needs of diverse programme participants and beneficiaries.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":851, "Sentence":"technical advisory, information and counseling services).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration technical advisory information counseling service ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.5. Reintegration opportunity mapping", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The post-conflict economic environment can be extremely complex and difficult as armed conflicts invariably damage or destroy human and economic capital, transform social relationships and trust, weaken production and trade systems, and distort the labour mar- ket. In this challenging environment, it is essential that DDR programmes avoid creating unrealistic expectations among stakeholders, especially programme participants and ben- eficiaries. By conducting reintegration opportunity mappings, programme managers will have a clearer understanding of the actual economic opportunities and assets available to those being reintegrated and be better equipped to provide ex-combatants with clear information as to what the reintegration programme will involve.DDR programme planners should prioritize the development of a countrywide sys- tematic mapping that builds upon the PCNA and other assessments conducted by relevant organizations to identify existing and potential employment opportunities. The analysis should include the functioning of: i) markets (labour, capital, goods and services, etc.); ii) input factors (land, energy resources, infrastructure, technology and information, etc.); and iii) supporting factors (institutional capacity in formal and informal economies, finan- cial markets, etc.). It should also capture potential financial service providers or training institutions available to support self-employment opportunities. Successful collaboration with development agencies and their monitoring activities is essential to this process.Opportunity mappings will also assess access to land and other natural resources, education and training possibilities, micro credit services (in contexts where they exist) and other employment and business development services (i.e. technical advisory, information and counseling services). The survey should include other development pro- grammes (both existing and planned) within the national recovery effort, as well as those of international and national development organizations.Attention shall be paid to different groups during opportunity mapping so that the employment, education and training needs and opportunities, as well as other resource needs of women and men, youth, children, and persons with disabilities, are well-un- derstood (also see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Module 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and Module 5.30 on Children and DDR). Social support services, such as support for people living with HIV\/AIDS, trauma and drug abuse counseling, and\/or disability rehabilitation services, should also be identified.This mapping should take place as early as possible (ideally beginning 9-12 months before the disarmament and demobilization phases begin) to ensure that training and social support programmes are ready when ex-combatants need them. They should reflect local and international laws and standards on gender- and age-appropriate labour, as well as changes in gender roles that may have occurred during conflict.On the basis of these assessments, the DDR programme can select training provid- ers, assess costs and capacity support needs, and develop context-specific programmes designed to meet the needs of diverse programme participants and beneficiaries.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":851, "Sentence":"The survey should include other development pro- grammes (both existing and planned) within the national recovery effort, as well as those of international and national development organizations.Attention shall be paid to different groups during opportunity mapping so that the employment, education and training needs and opportunities, as well as other resource needs of women and men, youth, children, and persons with disabilities, are well-un- derstood (also see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Module 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and Module 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration survey include development pro gramme existing planned within national recovery effort well international national development organizations.attention shall paid different group opportunity mapping employment education training need opportunity well resource need woman men youth child person disability wellun derstood also see module 5.10 woman gender ddr module 5.20 youth ddr module 5.30 child ddr ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.5. Reintegration opportunity mapping", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The post-conflict economic environment can be extremely complex and difficult as armed conflicts invariably damage or destroy human and economic capital, transform social relationships and trust, weaken production and trade systems, and distort the labour mar- ket. In this challenging environment, it is essential that DDR programmes avoid creating unrealistic expectations among stakeholders, especially programme participants and ben- eficiaries. By conducting reintegration opportunity mappings, programme managers will have a clearer understanding of the actual economic opportunities and assets available to those being reintegrated and be better equipped to provide ex-combatants with clear information as to what the reintegration programme will involve.DDR programme planners should prioritize the development of a countrywide sys- tematic mapping that builds upon the PCNA and other assessments conducted by relevant organizations to identify existing and potential employment opportunities. The analysis should include the functioning of: i) markets (labour, capital, goods and services, etc.); ii) input factors (land, energy resources, infrastructure, technology and information, etc.); and iii) supporting factors (institutional capacity in formal and informal economies, finan- cial markets, etc.). It should also capture potential financial service providers or training institutions available to support self-employment opportunities. Successful collaboration with development agencies and their monitoring activities is essential to this process.Opportunity mappings will also assess access to land and other natural resources, education and training possibilities, micro credit services (in contexts where they exist) and other employment and business development services (i.e. technical advisory, information and counseling services). The survey should include other development pro- grammes (both existing and planned) within the national recovery effort, as well as those of international and national development organizations.Attention shall be paid to different groups during opportunity mapping so that the employment, education and training needs and opportunities, as well as other resource needs of women and men, youth, children, and persons with disabilities, are well-un- derstood (also see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Module 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and Module 5.30 on Children and DDR). Social support services, such as support for people living with HIV\/AIDS, trauma and drug abuse counseling, and\/or disability rehabilitation services, should also be identified.This mapping should take place as early as possible (ideally beginning 9-12 months before the disarmament and demobilization phases begin) to ensure that training and social support programmes are ready when ex-combatants need them. They should reflect local and international laws and standards on gender- and age-appropriate labour, as well as changes in gender roles that may have occurred during conflict.On the basis of these assessments, the DDR programme can select training provid- ers, assess costs and capacity support needs, and develop context-specific programmes designed to meet the needs of diverse programme participants and beneficiaries.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":851, "Sentence":"Social support services, such as support for people living with HIV\/AIDS, trauma and drug abuse counseling, and\/or disability rehabilitation services, should also be identified.This mapping should take place as early as possible (ideally beginning 9-12 months before the disarmament and demobilization phases begin) to ensure that training and social support programmes are ready when ex-combatants need them.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration social support service support people living hiv\/aids trauma drug abuse counseling and\/or disability rehabilitation service also identified.this mapping take place early possible ideally beginning 912 month disarmament demobilization phase begin ensure training social support programme ready excombatants need ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.5. Reintegration opportunity mapping", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The post-conflict economic environment can be extremely complex and difficult as armed conflicts invariably damage or destroy human and economic capital, transform social relationships and trust, weaken production and trade systems, and distort the labour mar- ket. In this challenging environment, it is essential that DDR programmes avoid creating unrealistic expectations among stakeholders, especially programme participants and ben- eficiaries. By conducting reintegration opportunity mappings, programme managers will have a clearer understanding of the actual economic opportunities and assets available to those being reintegrated and be better equipped to provide ex-combatants with clear information as to what the reintegration programme will involve.DDR programme planners should prioritize the development of a countrywide sys- tematic mapping that builds upon the PCNA and other assessments conducted by relevant organizations to identify existing and potential employment opportunities. The analysis should include the functioning of: i) markets (labour, capital, goods and services, etc.); ii) input factors (land, energy resources, infrastructure, technology and information, etc.); and iii) supporting factors (institutional capacity in formal and informal economies, finan- cial markets, etc.). It should also capture potential financial service providers or training institutions available to support self-employment opportunities. Successful collaboration with development agencies and their monitoring activities is essential to this process.Opportunity mappings will also assess access to land and other natural resources, education and training possibilities, micro credit services (in contexts where they exist) and other employment and business development services (i.e. technical advisory, information and counseling services). The survey should include other development pro- grammes (both existing and planned) within the national recovery effort, as well as those of international and national development organizations.Attention shall be paid to different groups during opportunity mapping so that the employment, education and training needs and opportunities, as well as other resource needs of women and men, youth, children, and persons with disabilities, are well-un- derstood (also see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Module 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and Module 5.30 on Children and DDR). Social support services, such as support for people living with HIV\/AIDS, trauma and drug abuse counseling, and\/or disability rehabilitation services, should also be identified.This mapping should take place as early as possible (ideally beginning 9-12 months before the disarmament and demobilization phases begin) to ensure that training and social support programmes are ready when ex-combatants need them. They should reflect local and international laws and standards on gender- and age-appropriate labour, as well as changes in gender roles that may have occurred during conflict.On the basis of these assessments, the DDR programme can select training provid- ers, assess costs and capacity support needs, and develop context-specific programmes designed to meet the needs of diverse programme participants and beneficiaries.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":851, "Sentence":"They should reflect local and international laws and standards on gender- and age-appropriate labour, as well as changes in gender roles that may have occurred during conflict.On the basis of these assessments, the DDR programme can select training provid- ers, assess costs and capacity support needs, and develop context-specific programmes designed to meet the needs of diverse programme participants and beneficiaries.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reflect local international law standard gender ageappropriate labour well change gender role may occurred conflict.on basis assessment ddr programme select training provid er ass cost capacity support need develop contextspecific programme designed meet need diverse programme participant beneficiary ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.6. Services mapping and capacity assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Capacity development of government entities and service providers after a conflict consti- tutes one of the most important aspects to successful reintegration. It is therefore essential for reintegration assessments to collect data on levels of institutional capacities to ensure adequate funding for capacity development of partners from the outset. Institutional capacity assessments should start as early as possible with an analysis of potential service providers such as public vocational centers, business development services, relevant line ministries and NGOs, including organizational practices and absorption capacities as it takes several months to upgrade capacities.Capacity development can be \u201cindirect\u201d (designed to support national partners in the creation of conditions and relationships needed to foster incentives for outcomes) or \u201cdirect\u201d support for the achievements of outcomes (such as technical interventions or information management in a finance ministry or a central bank). The first step is to help to identify the country\u2019s specific needs on which the overall capacity building actions will be based.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":852, "Sentence":"Capacity development of government entities and service providers after a conflict consti- tutes one of the most important aspects to successful reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration capacity development government entity service provider conflict consti tutes one important aspect successful reintegration ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.6. Services mapping and capacity assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Capacity development of government entities and service providers after a conflict consti- tutes one of the most important aspects to successful reintegration. It is therefore essential for reintegration assessments to collect data on levels of institutional capacities to ensure adequate funding for capacity development of partners from the outset. Institutional capacity assessments should start as early as possible with an analysis of potential service providers such as public vocational centers, business development services, relevant line ministries and NGOs, including organizational practices and absorption capacities as it takes several months to upgrade capacities.Capacity development can be \u201cindirect\u201d (designed to support national partners in the creation of conditions and relationships needed to foster incentives for outcomes) or \u201cdirect\u201d support for the achievements of outcomes (such as technical interventions or information management in a finance ministry or a central bank). The first step is to help to identify the country\u2019s specific needs on which the overall capacity building actions will be based.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":852, "Sentence":"It is therefore essential for reintegration assessments to collect data on levels of institutional capacities to ensure adequate funding for capacity development of partners from the outset.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration therefore essential reintegration assessment collect data level institutional capacity ensure adequate funding capacity development partner outset ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.6. Services mapping and capacity assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Capacity development of government entities and service providers after a conflict consti- tutes one of the most important aspects to successful reintegration. It is therefore essential for reintegration assessments to collect data on levels of institutional capacities to ensure adequate funding for capacity development of partners from the outset. Institutional capacity assessments should start as early as possible with an analysis of potential service providers such as public vocational centers, business development services, relevant line ministries and NGOs, including organizational practices and absorption capacities as it takes several months to upgrade capacities.Capacity development can be \u201cindirect\u201d (designed to support national partners in the creation of conditions and relationships needed to foster incentives for outcomes) or \u201cdirect\u201d support for the achievements of outcomes (such as technical interventions or information management in a finance ministry or a central bank). The first step is to help to identify the country\u2019s specific needs on which the overall capacity building actions will be based.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":852, "Sentence":"Institutional capacity assessments should start as early as possible with an analysis of potential service providers such as public vocational centers, business development services, relevant line ministries and NGOs, including organizational practices and absorption capacities as it takes several months to upgrade capacities.Capacity development can be \u201cindirect\u201d (designed to support national partners in the creation of conditions and relationships needed to foster incentives for outcomes) or \u201cdirect\u201d support for the achievements of outcomes (such as technical interventions or information management in a finance ministry or a central bank).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration institutional capacity assessment start early possible analysis potential service provider public vocational center business development service relevant line ministry ngo including organizational practice absorption capacity take several month upgrade capacities.capacity development \u201c indirect \u201d designed support national partner creation condition relationship needed foster incentive outcome \u201c direct \u201d support achievement outcome technical intervention information management finance ministry central bank ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.5. Ex-combatant-focused reintegration assessments", "Heading3":"7.5.6. Services mapping and capacity assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Capacity development of government entities and service providers after a conflict consti- tutes one of the most important aspects to successful reintegration. It is therefore essential for reintegration assessments to collect data on levels of institutional capacities to ensure adequate funding for capacity development of partners from the outset. Institutional capacity assessments should start as early as possible with an analysis of potential service providers such as public vocational centers, business development services, relevant line ministries and NGOs, including organizational practices and absorption capacities as it takes several months to upgrade capacities.Capacity development can be \u201cindirect\u201d (designed to support national partners in the creation of conditions and relationships needed to foster incentives for outcomes) or \u201cdirect\u201d support for the achievements of outcomes (such as technical interventions or information management in a finance ministry or a central bank). The first step is to help to identify the country\u2019s specific needs on which the overall capacity building actions will be based.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":852, "Sentence":"The first step is to help to identify the country\u2019s specific needs on which the overall capacity building actions will be based.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration first step help identify country \u2019 specific need overall capacity building action based ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.6. Managing data collected in assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A management information system (MIS) is vital in order to capture, store, access, and manage information on individual ex-combatants and communities of return\/resettle- ment, and data on available opportunities for training, education and employment. It can also provide vital data for monitoring, feedback, and evaluation. DDR planners shall give early consideration to the design and maintenance of an MIS, as it will work to support and better organize all reintegration activities. See the generic MIS called DREAM (\u2018Dis- armament, Demobilization, Reintegration and Arms Management\u2019) developed by UNDP, which can be adapted to the needs of each UN integrated DDR programme to minimize implementation delays and provide savings for DDR projects.Individual ex-combatant data included within an MIS should be captured prior to the start of reintegration activities, preferably during the disarmament and demobilization phases. The design and construction of the MIS should capture data that can be used to build a profile of the participant caseload. The collection of sex-, age- and disability-dis- aggregated socio-economic data (including information on specific needs, such as for wheelchairs or psychosocial services) is essential to the DDR programme. In addition, the data in the MIS should be easy to aggregate in order to provide regular updates for broad indicators.The development of new technologies, such as fingerprint identification and retina scanning, possess the potential to eradicate \u2018double dipping\u2019 of DDR assistance, particu- larly when cash assistance is provided as part of reinsertion assistance, or as an element of reintegration support.While providing for transparency and accountability, an MIS should also inform ongoing programme decision-making by influencing necessary programme adjustments to improve programme efficiency and effectiveness. DDR managers should therefore establish a concrete plan to incorporate feedback based on information gathered in the MIS.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":853, "Sentence":"A management information system (MIS) is vital in order to capture, store, access, and manage information on individual ex-combatants and communities of return\/resettle- ment, and data on available opportunities for training, education and employment.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration management information system mi vital order capture store access manage information individual excombatants community return\/resettle ment data available opportunity training education employment ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.6. Managing data collected in assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A management information system (MIS) is vital in order to capture, store, access, and manage information on individual ex-combatants and communities of return\/resettle- ment, and data on available opportunities for training, education and employment. It can also provide vital data for monitoring, feedback, and evaluation. DDR planners shall give early consideration to the design and maintenance of an MIS, as it will work to support and better organize all reintegration activities. See the generic MIS called DREAM (\u2018Dis- armament, Demobilization, Reintegration and Arms Management\u2019) developed by UNDP, which can be adapted to the needs of each UN integrated DDR programme to minimize implementation delays and provide savings for DDR projects.Individual ex-combatant data included within an MIS should be captured prior to the start of reintegration activities, preferably during the disarmament and demobilization phases. The design and construction of the MIS should capture data that can be used to build a profile of the participant caseload. The collection of sex-, age- and disability-dis- aggregated socio-economic data (including information on specific needs, such as for wheelchairs or psychosocial services) is essential to the DDR programme. In addition, the data in the MIS should be easy to aggregate in order to provide regular updates for broad indicators.The development of new technologies, such as fingerprint identification and retina scanning, possess the potential to eradicate \u2018double dipping\u2019 of DDR assistance, particu- larly when cash assistance is provided as part of reinsertion assistance, or as an element of reintegration support.While providing for transparency and accountability, an MIS should also inform ongoing programme decision-making by influencing necessary programme adjustments to improve programme efficiency and effectiveness. DDR managers should therefore establish a concrete plan to incorporate feedback based on information gathered in the MIS.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":853, "Sentence":"It can also provide vital data for monitoring, feedback, and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration also provide vital data monitoring feedback evaluation ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.6. Managing data collected in assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A management information system (MIS) is vital in order to capture, store, access, and manage information on individual ex-combatants and communities of return\/resettle- ment, and data on available opportunities for training, education and employment. It can also provide vital data for monitoring, feedback, and evaluation. DDR planners shall give early consideration to the design and maintenance of an MIS, as it will work to support and better organize all reintegration activities. See the generic MIS called DREAM (\u2018Dis- armament, Demobilization, Reintegration and Arms Management\u2019) developed by UNDP, which can be adapted to the needs of each UN integrated DDR programme to minimize implementation delays and provide savings for DDR projects.Individual ex-combatant data included within an MIS should be captured prior to the start of reintegration activities, preferably during the disarmament and demobilization phases. The design and construction of the MIS should capture data that can be used to build a profile of the participant caseload. The collection of sex-, age- and disability-dis- aggregated socio-economic data (including information on specific needs, such as for wheelchairs or psychosocial services) is essential to the DDR programme. In addition, the data in the MIS should be easy to aggregate in order to provide regular updates for broad indicators.The development of new technologies, such as fingerprint identification and retina scanning, possess the potential to eradicate \u2018double dipping\u2019 of DDR assistance, particu- larly when cash assistance is provided as part of reinsertion assistance, or as an element of reintegration support.While providing for transparency and accountability, an MIS should also inform ongoing programme decision-making by influencing necessary programme adjustments to improve programme efficiency and effectiveness. DDR managers should therefore establish a concrete plan to incorporate feedback based on information gathered in the MIS.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":853, "Sentence":"DDR planners shall give early consideration to the design and maintenance of an MIS, as it will work to support and better organize all reintegration activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ddr planner shall give early consideration design maintenance mi work support better organize reintegration activity ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.6. Managing data collected in assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A management information system (MIS) is vital in order to capture, store, access, and manage information on individual ex-combatants and communities of return\/resettle- ment, and data on available opportunities for training, education and employment. It can also provide vital data for monitoring, feedback, and evaluation. DDR planners shall give early consideration to the design and maintenance of an MIS, as it will work to support and better organize all reintegration activities. See the generic MIS called DREAM (\u2018Dis- armament, Demobilization, Reintegration and Arms Management\u2019) developed by UNDP, which can be adapted to the needs of each UN integrated DDR programme to minimize implementation delays and provide savings for DDR projects.Individual ex-combatant data included within an MIS should be captured prior to the start of reintegration activities, preferably during the disarmament and demobilization phases. The design and construction of the MIS should capture data that can be used to build a profile of the participant caseload. The collection of sex-, age- and disability-dis- aggregated socio-economic data (including information on specific needs, such as for wheelchairs or psychosocial services) is essential to the DDR programme. In addition, the data in the MIS should be easy to aggregate in order to provide regular updates for broad indicators.The development of new technologies, such as fingerprint identification and retina scanning, possess the potential to eradicate \u2018double dipping\u2019 of DDR assistance, particu- larly when cash assistance is provided as part of reinsertion assistance, or as an element of reintegration support.While providing for transparency and accountability, an MIS should also inform ongoing programme decision-making by influencing necessary programme adjustments to improve programme efficiency and effectiveness. DDR managers should therefore establish a concrete plan to incorporate feedback based on information gathered in the MIS.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":853, "Sentence":"See the generic MIS called DREAM (\u2018Dis- armament, Demobilization, Reintegration and Arms Management\u2019) developed by UNDP, which can be adapted to the needs of each UN integrated DDR programme to minimize implementation delays and provide savings for DDR projects.Individual ex-combatant data included within an MIS should be captured prior to the start of reintegration activities, preferably during the disarmament and demobilization phases.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration see generic mi called dream \u2018 dis armament demobilization reintegration arm management \u2019 developed undp adapted need un integrated ddr programme minimize implementation delay provide saving ddr projects.individual excombatant data included within mi captured prior start reintegration activity preferably disarmament demobilization phase ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.6. Managing data collected in assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A management information system (MIS) is vital in order to capture, store, access, and manage information on individual ex-combatants and communities of return\/resettle- ment, and data on available opportunities for training, education and employment. It can also provide vital data for monitoring, feedback, and evaluation. DDR planners shall give early consideration to the design and maintenance of an MIS, as it will work to support and better organize all reintegration activities. See the generic MIS called DREAM (\u2018Dis- armament, Demobilization, Reintegration and Arms Management\u2019) developed by UNDP, which can be adapted to the needs of each UN integrated DDR programme to minimize implementation delays and provide savings for DDR projects.Individual ex-combatant data included within an MIS should be captured prior to the start of reintegration activities, preferably during the disarmament and demobilization phases. The design and construction of the MIS should capture data that can be used to build a profile of the participant caseload. The collection of sex-, age- and disability-dis- aggregated socio-economic data (including information on specific needs, such as for wheelchairs or psychosocial services) is essential to the DDR programme. In addition, the data in the MIS should be easy to aggregate in order to provide regular updates for broad indicators.The development of new technologies, such as fingerprint identification and retina scanning, possess the potential to eradicate \u2018double dipping\u2019 of DDR assistance, particu- larly when cash assistance is provided as part of reinsertion assistance, or as an element of reintegration support.While providing for transparency and accountability, an MIS should also inform ongoing programme decision-making by influencing necessary programme adjustments to improve programme efficiency and effectiveness. DDR managers should therefore establish a concrete plan to incorporate feedback based on information gathered in the MIS.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":853, "Sentence":"The design and construction of the MIS should capture data that can be used to build a profile of the participant caseload.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration design construction mi capture data used build profile participant caseload ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.6. Managing data collected in assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A management information system (MIS) is vital in order to capture, store, access, and manage information on individual ex-combatants and communities of return\/resettle- ment, and data on available opportunities for training, education and employment. It can also provide vital data for monitoring, feedback, and evaluation. DDR planners shall give early consideration to the design and maintenance of an MIS, as it will work to support and better organize all reintegration activities. See the generic MIS called DREAM (\u2018Dis- armament, Demobilization, Reintegration and Arms Management\u2019) developed by UNDP, which can be adapted to the needs of each UN integrated DDR programme to minimize implementation delays and provide savings for DDR projects.Individual ex-combatant data included within an MIS should be captured prior to the start of reintegration activities, preferably during the disarmament and demobilization phases. The design and construction of the MIS should capture data that can be used to build a profile of the participant caseload. The collection of sex-, age- and disability-dis- aggregated socio-economic data (including information on specific needs, such as for wheelchairs or psychosocial services) is essential to the DDR programme. In addition, the data in the MIS should be easy to aggregate in order to provide regular updates for broad indicators.The development of new technologies, such as fingerprint identification and retina scanning, possess the potential to eradicate \u2018double dipping\u2019 of DDR assistance, particu- larly when cash assistance is provided as part of reinsertion assistance, or as an element of reintegration support.While providing for transparency and accountability, an MIS should also inform ongoing programme decision-making by influencing necessary programme adjustments to improve programme efficiency and effectiveness. DDR managers should therefore establish a concrete plan to incorporate feedback based on information gathered in the MIS.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":853, "Sentence":"The collection of sex-, age- and disability-dis- aggregated socio-economic data (including information on specific needs, such as for wheelchairs or psychosocial services) is essential to the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration collection sex age disabilitydis aggregated socioeconomic data including information specific need wheelchair psychosocial service essential ddr programme ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.6. Managing data collected in assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A management information system (MIS) is vital in order to capture, store, access, and manage information on individual ex-combatants and communities of return\/resettle- ment, and data on available opportunities for training, education and employment. It can also provide vital data for monitoring, feedback, and evaluation. DDR planners shall give early consideration to the design and maintenance of an MIS, as it will work to support and better organize all reintegration activities. See the generic MIS called DREAM (\u2018Dis- armament, Demobilization, Reintegration and Arms Management\u2019) developed by UNDP, which can be adapted to the needs of each UN integrated DDR programme to minimize implementation delays and provide savings for DDR projects.Individual ex-combatant data included within an MIS should be captured prior to the start of reintegration activities, preferably during the disarmament and demobilization phases. The design and construction of the MIS should capture data that can be used to build a profile of the participant caseload. The collection of sex-, age- and disability-dis- aggregated socio-economic data (including information on specific needs, such as for wheelchairs or psychosocial services) is essential to the DDR programme. In addition, the data in the MIS should be easy to aggregate in order to provide regular updates for broad indicators.The development of new technologies, such as fingerprint identification and retina scanning, possess the potential to eradicate \u2018double dipping\u2019 of DDR assistance, particu- larly when cash assistance is provided as part of reinsertion assistance, or as an element of reintegration support.While providing for transparency and accountability, an MIS should also inform ongoing programme decision-making by influencing necessary programme adjustments to improve programme efficiency and effectiveness. DDR managers should therefore establish a concrete plan to incorporate feedback based on information gathered in the MIS.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":853, "Sentence":"In addition, the data in the MIS should be easy to aggregate in order to provide regular updates for broad indicators.The development of new technologies, such as fingerprint identification and retina scanning, possess the potential to eradicate \u2018double dipping\u2019 of DDR assistance, particu- larly when cash assistance is provided as part of reinsertion assistance, or as an element of reintegration support.While providing for transparency and accountability, an MIS should also inform ongoing programme decision-making by influencing necessary programme adjustments to improve programme efficiency and effectiveness.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration addition data mi easy aggregate order provide regular update broad indicators.the development new technology fingerprint identification retina scanning posse potential eradicate \u2018 double dipping \u2019 ddr assistance particu larly cash assistance provided part reinsertion assistance element reintegration support.while providing transparency accountability mi also inform ongoing programme decisionmaking influencing necessary programme adjustment improve programme efficiency effectiveness ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"7. Analysis and assessments relevant fOr reintegration planning and programme design", "Heading2":"7.6. Managing data collected in assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"A management information system (MIS) is vital in order to capture, store, access, and manage information on individual ex-combatants and communities of return\/resettle- ment, and data on available opportunities for training, education and employment. It can also provide vital data for monitoring, feedback, and evaluation. DDR planners shall give early consideration to the design and maintenance of an MIS, as it will work to support and better organize all reintegration activities. See the generic MIS called DREAM (\u2018Dis- armament, Demobilization, Reintegration and Arms Management\u2019) developed by UNDP, which can be adapted to the needs of each UN integrated DDR programme to minimize implementation delays and provide savings for DDR projects.Individual ex-combatant data included within an MIS should be captured prior to the start of reintegration activities, preferably during the disarmament and demobilization phases. The design and construction of the MIS should capture data that can be used to build a profile of the participant caseload. The collection of sex-, age- and disability-dis- aggregated socio-economic data (including information on specific needs, such as for wheelchairs or psychosocial services) is essential to the DDR programme. In addition, the data in the MIS should be easy to aggregate in order to provide regular updates for broad indicators.The development of new technologies, such as fingerprint identification and retina scanning, possess the potential to eradicate \u2018double dipping\u2019 of DDR assistance, particu- larly when cash assistance is provided as part of reinsertion assistance, or as an element of reintegration support.While providing for transparency and accountability, an MIS should also inform ongoing programme decision-making by influencing necessary programme adjustments to improve programme efficiency and effectiveness. DDR managers should therefore establish a concrete plan to incorporate feedback based on information gathered in the MIS.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":853, "Sentence":"DDR managers should therefore establish a concrete plan to incorporate feedback based on information gathered in the MIS.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ddr manager therefore establish concrete plan incorporate feedback based information gathered mi ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning is more likely to lead to successful programmes when it is based upon rapid and reliable assessments, starts early and is integrated. This requires the various UN agencies, programmes and funds that are likely to be involved in support- ing national reintegration programmess to carry out planning jointly and cooperatively. Moreover, reintegration planning should be an integral part of all five phases of DDR planning. See Module 3.10, section 5 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Struc- tures and Module 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting for more information.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":854, "Sentence":"Reintegration planning is more likely to lead to successful programmes when it is based upon rapid and reliable assessments, starts early and is integrated.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration planning likely lead successful programme based upon rapid reliable assessment start early integrated ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning is more likely to lead to successful programmes when it is based upon rapid and reliable assessments, starts early and is integrated. This requires the various UN agencies, programmes and funds that are likely to be involved in support- ing national reintegration programmess to carry out planning jointly and cooperatively. Moreover, reintegration planning should be an integral part of all five phases of DDR planning. See Module 3.10, section 5 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Struc- tures and Module 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting for more information.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":854, "Sentence":"This requires the various UN agencies, programmes and funds that are likely to be involved in support- ing national reintegration programmess to carry out planning jointly and cooperatively.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration requires various un agency programme fund likely involved support ing national reintegration programme carry planning jointly cooperatively ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning is more likely to lead to successful programmes when it is based upon rapid and reliable assessments, starts early and is integrated. This requires the various UN agencies, programmes and funds that are likely to be involved in support- ing national reintegration programmess to carry out planning jointly and cooperatively. Moreover, reintegration planning should be an integral part of all five phases of DDR planning. See Module 3.10, section 5 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Struc- tures and Module 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting for more information.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":854, "Sentence":"Moreover, reintegration planning should be an integral part of all five phases of DDR planning.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration moreover reintegration planning integral part five phase ddr planning ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Reintegration planning is more likely to lead to successful programmes when it is based upon rapid and reliable assessments, starts early and is integrated. This requires the various UN agencies, programmes and funds that are likely to be involved in support- ing national reintegration programmess to carry out planning jointly and cooperatively. Moreover, reintegration planning should be an integral part of all five phases of DDR planning. See Module 3.10, section 5 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Struc- tures and Module 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting for more information.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":854, "Sentence":"See Module 3.10, section 5 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Struc- tures and Module 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting for more information.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration see module 3.10 section 5 integrated ddr planning process struc tures module 3.41 finance budgeting information ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.1. Participatory, inclusive and transparent planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Lack of local ownership or agency on the part of ex-combatants and receptor communities has contributed to failures in past DDR operations. The participation of a broad range of stakeholders in the development of a DDR strategy is therefore essential to its success. Par- ticipatory, inclusive and transparent planning will provide a basis for effective dialogue among national and local authorities, community leaders, and former combatants, helping to define a role for all parties in the decision-making process.A participatory approach will significantly improve the DDR programme by: \\n providing a forum for testing ideas that could improve programme design; \\n enabling the development of strategies that respond to local realities and needs; \\n providing a sense of empowerment or agency; \\n providing a forum for impartial information in the case of disputes or misperceptions about the programme; \\n ensuring local ownership; \\n encouraging DDR and other local processes such as peace-building or recovery to work together and support each other; \\n encouraging communication and negotiation among the main actors to reduce levels of tension and fear and to enhance reconciliation and human security; \\n recognizing and supporting the capacity and voices of youth, women and persons (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR); \\n recognizing new and evolving roles for women in society, especially in non-tradi- tional areas such as security-related matters (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); \\n building respect for the rights of marginalized and specific needs groups (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and 5.30 on Children and DDR); and \\n helping to ensure the sustainability of reintegration by developing community capac- ity to provide services and establishing community monitoring, management and oversight structures and systems.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":855, "Sentence":"Lack of local ownership or agency on the part of ex-combatants and receptor communities has contributed to failures in past DDR operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration lack local ownership agency part excombatants receptor community contributed failure past ddr operation ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.1. Participatory, inclusive and transparent planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Lack of local ownership or agency on the part of ex-combatants and receptor communities has contributed to failures in past DDR operations. The participation of a broad range of stakeholders in the development of a DDR strategy is therefore essential to its success. Par- ticipatory, inclusive and transparent planning will provide a basis for effective dialogue among national and local authorities, community leaders, and former combatants, helping to define a role for all parties in the decision-making process.A participatory approach will significantly improve the DDR programme by: \\n providing a forum for testing ideas that could improve programme design; \\n enabling the development of strategies that respond to local realities and needs; \\n providing a sense of empowerment or agency; \\n providing a forum for impartial information in the case of disputes or misperceptions about the programme; \\n ensuring local ownership; \\n encouraging DDR and other local processes such as peace-building or recovery to work together and support each other; \\n encouraging communication and negotiation among the main actors to reduce levels of tension and fear and to enhance reconciliation and human security; \\n recognizing and supporting the capacity and voices of youth, women and persons (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR); \\n recognizing new and evolving roles for women in society, especially in non-tradi- tional areas such as security-related matters (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); \\n building respect for the rights of marginalized and specific needs groups (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and 5.30 on Children and DDR); and \\n helping to ensure the sustainability of reintegration by developing community capac- ity to provide services and establishing community monitoring, management and oversight structures and systems.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":855, "Sentence":"The participation of a broad range of stakeholders in the development of a DDR strategy is therefore essential to its success.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration participation broad range stakeholder development ddr strategy therefore essential success ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.1. Participatory, inclusive and transparent planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Lack of local ownership or agency on the part of ex-combatants and receptor communities has contributed to failures in past DDR operations. The participation of a broad range of stakeholders in the development of a DDR strategy is therefore essential to its success. Par- ticipatory, inclusive and transparent planning will provide a basis for effective dialogue among national and local authorities, community leaders, and former combatants, helping to define a role for all parties in the decision-making process.A participatory approach will significantly improve the DDR programme by: \\n providing a forum for testing ideas that could improve programme design; \\n enabling the development of strategies that respond to local realities and needs; \\n providing a sense of empowerment or agency; \\n providing a forum for impartial information in the case of disputes or misperceptions about the programme; \\n ensuring local ownership; \\n encouraging DDR and other local processes such as peace-building or recovery to work together and support each other; \\n encouraging communication and negotiation among the main actors to reduce levels of tension and fear and to enhance reconciliation and human security; \\n recognizing and supporting the capacity and voices of youth, women and persons (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR); \\n recognizing new and evolving roles for women in society, especially in non-tradi- tional areas such as security-related matters (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); \\n building respect for the rights of marginalized and specific needs groups (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and 5.30 on Children and DDR); and \\n helping to ensure the sustainability of reintegration by developing community capac- ity to provide services and establishing community monitoring, management and oversight structures and systems.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":855, "Sentence":"Par- ticipatory, inclusive and transparent planning will provide a basis for effective dialogue among national and local authorities, community leaders, and former combatants, helping to define a role for all parties in the decision-making process.A participatory approach will significantly improve the DDR programme by: \\n providing a forum for testing ideas that could improve programme design; \\n enabling the development of strategies that respond to local realities and needs; \\n providing a sense of empowerment or agency; \\n providing a forum for impartial information in the case of disputes or misperceptions about the programme; \\n ensuring local ownership; \\n encouraging DDR and other local processes such as peace-building or recovery to work together and support each other; \\n encouraging communication and negotiation among the main actors to reduce levels of tension and fear and to enhance reconciliation and human security; \\n recognizing and supporting the capacity and voices of youth, women and persons (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR); \\n recognizing new and evolving roles for women in society, especially in non-tradi- tional areas such as security-related matters (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); \\n building respect for the rights of marginalized and specific needs groups (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and 5.30 on Children and DDR); and \\n helping to ensure the sustainability of reintegration by developing community capac- ity to provide services and establishing community monitoring, management and oversight structures and systems.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration par ticipatory inclusive transparent planning provide basis effective dialogue among national local authority community leader former combatant helping define role party decisionmaking process.a participatory approach significantly improve ddr programme n providing forum testing idea could improve programme design n enabling development strategy respond local reality need n providing sense empowerment agency n providing forum impartial information case dispute misperceptions programme n ensuring local ownership n encouraging ddr local process peacebuilding recovery work together support n encouraging communication negotiation among main actor reduce level tension fear enhance reconciliation human security n recognizing supporting capacity voice youth woman person also see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr iddrs 5.20 youth ddr n recognizing new evolving role woman society especially nontradi tional area securityrelated matter also see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr n building respect right marginalized specific need group also see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr 5.30 child ddr n helping ensure sustainability reintegration developing community capac ity provide service establishing community monitoring management oversight structure system ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.2. Ex-combatant engagement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"DDR programme planners should ensure that participatory planning includes representa- tion of the armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 leadership and the (ex-) combatants themselves, both women and men. To facilitate the inclusion of younger and less educated (ex-) combatants and associated groups in planning activities, DDR representatives should seek out cred- ible mid-level commanders to encourage and inform about participation. This outreach will help to ensure that the range of expectations (of leaders, mid-level commanders, and the rank and file) are, where possible, met in the programme design or at least managed from an early stage.DDR planners and managers should exercise caution and carefully analyze pros and cons in supporting the creation of veterans\u2019 associations as a way of ensuring adequate representation and social support to ex-combatants in a DDR process. Although these asso- ciations may be useful in some contexts and function as an early warning and response system for identifying dissatisfaction among ex-combatants, and for confidence-building between discontented groups and the rest of the community, they should not become an impediment to the reintegration of ex-combatants in society by perpetuating violent or militaristic identities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":856, "Sentence":"DDR programme planners should ensure that participatory planning includes representa- tion of the armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 leadership and the (ex-) combatants themselves, both women and men.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ddr programme planner ensure participatory planning includes representa tion armed force \u2019 group \u2019 leadership ex combatant woman men ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.2. Ex-combatant engagement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"DDR programme planners should ensure that participatory planning includes representa- tion of the armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 leadership and the (ex-) combatants themselves, both women and men. To facilitate the inclusion of younger and less educated (ex-) combatants and associated groups in planning activities, DDR representatives should seek out cred- ible mid-level commanders to encourage and inform about participation. This outreach will help to ensure that the range of expectations (of leaders, mid-level commanders, and the rank and file) are, where possible, met in the programme design or at least managed from an early stage.DDR planners and managers should exercise caution and carefully analyze pros and cons in supporting the creation of veterans\u2019 associations as a way of ensuring adequate representation and social support to ex-combatants in a DDR process. Although these asso- ciations may be useful in some contexts and function as an early warning and response system for identifying dissatisfaction among ex-combatants, and for confidence-building between discontented groups and the rest of the community, they should not become an impediment to the reintegration of ex-combatants in society by perpetuating violent or militaristic identities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":856, "Sentence":"To facilitate the inclusion of younger and less educated (ex-) combatants and associated groups in planning activities, DDR representatives should seek out cred- ible mid-level commanders to encourage and inform about participation.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration facilitate inclusion younger le educated ex combatant associated group planning activity ddr representative seek cred ible midlevel commander encourage inform participation ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.2. Ex-combatant engagement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"DDR programme planners should ensure that participatory planning includes representa- tion of the armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 leadership and the (ex-) combatants themselves, both women and men. To facilitate the inclusion of younger and less educated (ex-) combatants and associated groups in planning activities, DDR representatives should seek out cred- ible mid-level commanders to encourage and inform about participation. This outreach will help to ensure that the range of expectations (of leaders, mid-level commanders, and the rank and file) are, where possible, met in the programme design or at least managed from an early stage.DDR planners and managers should exercise caution and carefully analyze pros and cons in supporting the creation of veterans\u2019 associations as a way of ensuring adequate representation and social support to ex-combatants in a DDR process. Although these asso- ciations may be useful in some contexts and function as an early warning and response system for identifying dissatisfaction among ex-combatants, and for confidence-building between discontented groups and the rest of the community, they should not become an impediment to the reintegration of ex-combatants in society by perpetuating violent or militaristic identities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":856, "Sentence":"This outreach will help to ensure that the range of expectations (of leaders, mid-level commanders, and the rank and file) are, where possible, met in the programme design or at least managed from an early stage.DDR planners and managers should exercise caution and carefully analyze pros and cons in supporting the creation of veterans\u2019 associations as a way of ensuring adequate representation and social support to ex-combatants in a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration outreach help ensure range expectation leader midlevel commander rank file possible met programme design least managed early stage.ddr planner manager exercise caution carefully analyze pro con supporting creation veteran \u2019 association way ensuring adequate representation social support excombatants ddr process ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.2. Ex-combatant engagement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"DDR programme planners should ensure that participatory planning includes representa- tion of the armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 leadership and the (ex-) combatants themselves, both women and men. To facilitate the inclusion of younger and less educated (ex-) combatants and associated groups in planning activities, DDR representatives should seek out cred- ible mid-level commanders to encourage and inform about participation. This outreach will help to ensure that the range of expectations (of leaders, mid-level commanders, and the rank and file) are, where possible, met in the programme design or at least managed from an early stage.DDR planners and managers should exercise caution and carefully analyze pros and cons in supporting the creation of veterans\u2019 associations as a way of ensuring adequate representation and social support to ex-combatants in a DDR process. Although these asso- ciations may be useful in some contexts and function as an early warning and response system for identifying dissatisfaction among ex-combatants, and for confidence-building between discontented groups and the rest of the community, they should not become an impediment to the reintegration of ex-combatants in society by perpetuating violent or militaristic identities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":856, "Sentence":"Although these asso- ciations may be useful in some contexts and function as an early warning and response system for identifying dissatisfaction among ex-combatants, and for confidence-building between discontented groups and the rest of the community, they should not become an impediment to the reintegration of ex-combatants in society by perpetuating violent or militaristic identities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration although asso ciations may useful context function early warning response system identifying dissatisfaction among excombatants confidencebuilding discontented group rest community become impediment reintegration excombatants society perpetuating violent militaristic identity ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.3. Community engagement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Ultimately, it is communities who will or who will not accept ex-combatants, and who will foster their reintegration into civilian life. It is therefore important to ensure that com- munities are at the centre of reintegration planning. Through community engagement, reintegration programmes will be better able to identify opportunities for ex-combatants, cope with transitional justice issues affecting ex-combatants and victims, pinpoint poten- tial stressors, and identify priorities for community recovery projects. However, while it is crucial to involve communities in the design and implementation of reintegration programmes, their capacities and commitment to encourage ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration should be carefully assessed.It is good practice to involve or consult families, traditional and religious leaders, women\u2019s, men\u2019s and youth groups, disabled persons\u2019 organizations and other local asso- ciations when planning the return of ex-combatants. These groups should receive support and training to assist in the process. Community women\u2019s groups should be sensitized to support and protect women and girls returning from armed forces and groups, who may struggle to reintegrate (see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for more informa- tion). Linkages with existing HIV programmes should also be made, and people living with HIV\/AIDS in the community should be consulted and involved in planning for HIV activities from the outset (see Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information). Disabled persons\u2019 organizations can be similarly mobilized to participate in planning and as potential implementing partners.When engaging communities, it should be remembered that youth and women have not always benefited from the services or opportunities created in receptor communities, nor have they automatically had a voice in community-driven approaches. To ensure a holistic approach to community engagement, such realities should be carefully considered and addressed so that the whole community \u2013 including specific needs groups \u2013 can ben- efit from reintegration programming.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":857, "Sentence":"Ultimately, it is communities who will or who will not accept ex-combatants, and who will foster their reintegration into civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ultimately community accept excombatants foster reintegration civilian life ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.3. Community engagement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Ultimately, it is communities who will or who will not accept ex-combatants, and who will foster their reintegration into civilian life. It is therefore important to ensure that com- munities are at the centre of reintegration planning. Through community engagement, reintegration programmes will be better able to identify opportunities for ex-combatants, cope with transitional justice issues affecting ex-combatants and victims, pinpoint poten- tial stressors, and identify priorities for community recovery projects. However, while it is crucial to involve communities in the design and implementation of reintegration programmes, their capacities and commitment to encourage ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration should be carefully assessed.It is good practice to involve or consult families, traditional and religious leaders, women\u2019s, men\u2019s and youth groups, disabled persons\u2019 organizations and other local asso- ciations when planning the return of ex-combatants. These groups should receive support and training to assist in the process. Community women\u2019s groups should be sensitized to support and protect women and girls returning from armed forces and groups, who may struggle to reintegrate (see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for more informa- tion). Linkages with existing HIV programmes should also be made, and people living with HIV\/AIDS in the community should be consulted and involved in planning for HIV activities from the outset (see Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information). Disabled persons\u2019 organizations can be similarly mobilized to participate in planning and as potential implementing partners.When engaging communities, it should be remembered that youth and women have not always benefited from the services or opportunities created in receptor communities, nor have they automatically had a voice in community-driven approaches. To ensure a holistic approach to community engagement, such realities should be carefully considered and addressed so that the whole community \u2013 including specific needs groups \u2013 can ben- efit from reintegration programming.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":857, "Sentence":"It is therefore important to ensure that com- munities are at the centre of reintegration planning.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration therefore important ensure com munities centre reintegration planning ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.3. Community engagement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Ultimately, it is communities who will or who will not accept ex-combatants, and who will foster their reintegration into civilian life. It is therefore important to ensure that com- munities are at the centre of reintegration planning. Through community engagement, reintegration programmes will be better able to identify opportunities for ex-combatants, cope with transitional justice issues affecting ex-combatants and victims, pinpoint poten- tial stressors, and identify priorities for community recovery projects. However, while it is crucial to involve communities in the design and implementation of reintegration programmes, their capacities and commitment to encourage ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration should be carefully assessed.It is good practice to involve or consult families, traditional and religious leaders, women\u2019s, men\u2019s and youth groups, disabled persons\u2019 organizations and other local asso- ciations when planning the return of ex-combatants. These groups should receive support and training to assist in the process. Community women\u2019s groups should be sensitized to support and protect women and girls returning from armed forces and groups, who may struggle to reintegrate (see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for more informa- tion). Linkages with existing HIV programmes should also be made, and people living with HIV\/AIDS in the community should be consulted and involved in planning for HIV activities from the outset (see Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information). Disabled persons\u2019 organizations can be similarly mobilized to participate in planning and as potential implementing partners.When engaging communities, it should be remembered that youth and women have not always benefited from the services or opportunities created in receptor communities, nor have they automatically had a voice in community-driven approaches. To ensure a holistic approach to community engagement, such realities should be carefully considered and addressed so that the whole community \u2013 including specific needs groups \u2013 can ben- efit from reintegration programming.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":857, "Sentence":"Through community engagement, reintegration programmes will be better able to identify opportunities for ex-combatants, cope with transitional justice issues affecting ex-combatants and victims, pinpoint poten- tial stressors, and identify priorities for community recovery projects.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration community engagement reintegration programme better able identify opportunity excombatants cope transitional justice issue affecting excombatants victim pinpoint poten tial stressor identify priority community recovery project ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.3. Community engagement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Ultimately, it is communities who will or who will not accept ex-combatants, and who will foster their reintegration into civilian life. It is therefore important to ensure that com- munities are at the centre of reintegration planning. Through community engagement, reintegration programmes will be better able to identify opportunities for ex-combatants, cope with transitional justice issues affecting ex-combatants and victims, pinpoint poten- tial stressors, and identify priorities for community recovery projects. However, while it is crucial to involve communities in the design and implementation of reintegration programmes, their capacities and commitment to encourage ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration should be carefully assessed.It is good practice to involve or consult families, traditional and religious leaders, women\u2019s, men\u2019s and youth groups, disabled persons\u2019 organizations and other local asso- ciations when planning the return of ex-combatants. These groups should receive support and training to assist in the process. Community women\u2019s groups should be sensitized to support and protect women and girls returning from armed forces and groups, who may struggle to reintegrate (see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for more informa- tion). Linkages with existing HIV programmes should also be made, and people living with HIV\/AIDS in the community should be consulted and involved in planning for HIV activities from the outset (see Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information). Disabled persons\u2019 organizations can be similarly mobilized to participate in planning and as potential implementing partners.When engaging communities, it should be remembered that youth and women have not always benefited from the services or opportunities created in receptor communities, nor have they automatically had a voice in community-driven approaches. To ensure a holistic approach to community engagement, such realities should be carefully considered and addressed so that the whole community \u2013 including specific needs groups \u2013 can ben- efit from reintegration programming.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":857, "Sentence":"However, while it is crucial to involve communities in the design and implementation of reintegration programmes, their capacities and commitment to encourage ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration should be carefully assessed.It is good practice to involve or consult families, traditional and religious leaders, women\u2019s, men\u2019s and youth groups, disabled persons\u2019 organizations and other local asso- ciations when planning the return of ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration however crucial involve community design implementation reintegration programme capacity commitment encourage excombatants \u2019 reintegration carefully assessed.it good practice involve consult family traditional religious leader woman \u2019 men \u2019 youth group disabled person \u2019 organization local asso ciations planning return excombatants ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.3. Community engagement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Ultimately, it is communities who will or who will not accept ex-combatants, and who will foster their reintegration into civilian life. It is therefore important to ensure that com- munities are at the centre of reintegration planning. Through community engagement, reintegration programmes will be better able to identify opportunities for ex-combatants, cope with transitional justice issues affecting ex-combatants and victims, pinpoint poten- tial stressors, and identify priorities for community recovery projects. However, while it is crucial to involve communities in the design and implementation of reintegration programmes, their capacities and commitment to encourage ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration should be carefully assessed.It is good practice to involve or consult families, traditional and religious leaders, women\u2019s, men\u2019s and youth groups, disabled persons\u2019 organizations and other local asso- ciations when planning the return of ex-combatants. These groups should receive support and training to assist in the process. Community women\u2019s groups should be sensitized to support and protect women and girls returning from armed forces and groups, who may struggle to reintegrate (see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for more informa- tion). Linkages with existing HIV programmes should also be made, and people living with HIV\/AIDS in the community should be consulted and involved in planning for HIV activities from the outset (see Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information). Disabled persons\u2019 organizations can be similarly mobilized to participate in planning and as potential implementing partners.When engaging communities, it should be remembered that youth and women have not always benefited from the services or opportunities created in receptor communities, nor have they automatically had a voice in community-driven approaches. To ensure a holistic approach to community engagement, such realities should be carefully considered and addressed so that the whole community \u2013 including specific needs groups \u2013 can ben- efit from reintegration programming.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":857, "Sentence":"These groups should receive support and training to assist in the process.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration group receive support training assist process ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.3. Community engagement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Ultimately, it is communities who will or who will not accept ex-combatants, and who will foster their reintegration into civilian life. It is therefore important to ensure that com- munities are at the centre of reintegration planning. Through community engagement, reintegration programmes will be better able to identify opportunities for ex-combatants, cope with transitional justice issues affecting ex-combatants and victims, pinpoint poten- tial stressors, and identify priorities for community recovery projects. However, while it is crucial to involve communities in the design and implementation of reintegration programmes, their capacities and commitment to encourage ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration should be carefully assessed.It is good practice to involve or consult families, traditional and religious leaders, women\u2019s, men\u2019s and youth groups, disabled persons\u2019 organizations and other local asso- ciations when planning the return of ex-combatants. These groups should receive support and training to assist in the process. Community women\u2019s groups should be sensitized to support and protect women and girls returning from armed forces and groups, who may struggle to reintegrate (see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for more informa- tion). Linkages with existing HIV programmes should also be made, and people living with HIV\/AIDS in the community should be consulted and involved in planning for HIV activities from the outset (see Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information). Disabled persons\u2019 organizations can be similarly mobilized to participate in planning and as potential implementing partners.When engaging communities, it should be remembered that youth and women have not always benefited from the services or opportunities created in receptor communities, nor have they automatically had a voice in community-driven approaches. To ensure a holistic approach to community engagement, such realities should be carefully considered and addressed so that the whole community \u2013 including specific needs groups \u2013 can ben- efit from reintegration programming.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":857, "Sentence":"Community women\u2019s groups should be sensitized to support and protect women and girls returning from armed forces and groups, who may struggle to reintegrate (see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for more informa- tion).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration community woman \u2019 group sensitized support protect woman girl returning armed force group may struggle reintegrate see module 5.10 woman gender ddr informa tion ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.3. Community engagement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Ultimately, it is communities who will or who will not accept ex-combatants, and who will foster their reintegration into civilian life. It is therefore important to ensure that com- munities are at the centre of reintegration planning. Through community engagement, reintegration programmes will be better able to identify opportunities for ex-combatants, cope with transitional justice issues affecting ex-combatants and victims, pinpoint poten- tial stressors, and identify priorities for community recovery projects. However, while it is crucial to involve communities in the design and implementation of reintegration programmes, their capacities and commitment to encourage ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration should be carefully assessed.It is good practice to involve or consult families, traditional and religious leaders, women\u2019s, men\u2019s and youth groups, disabled persons\u2019 organizations and other local asso- ciations when planning the return of ex-combatants. These groups should receive support and training to assist in the process. Community women\u2019s groups should be sensitized to support and protect women and girls returning from armed forces and groups, who may struggle to reintegrate (see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for more informa- tion). Linkages with existing HIV programmes should also be made, and people living with HIV\/AIDS in the community should be consulted and involved in planning for HIV activities from the outset (see Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information). Disabled persons\u2019 organizations can be similarly mobilized to participate in planning and as potential implementing partners.When engaging communities, it should be remembered that youth and women have not always benefited from the services or opportunities created in receptor communities, nor have they automatically had a voice in community-driven approaches. To ensure a holistic approach to community engagement, such realities should be carefully considered and addressed so that the whole community \u2013 including specific needs groups \u2013 can ben- efit from reintegration programming.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":857, "Sentence":"Linkages with existing HIV programmes should also be made, and people living with HIV\/AIDS in the community should be consulted and involved in planning for HIV activities from the outset (see Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration linkage existing hiv programme also made people living hiv\/aids community consulted involved planning hiv activity outset see module 5.60 hiv\/aids ddr information ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.3. Community engagement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Ultimately, it is communities who will or who will not accept ex-combatants, and who will foster their reintegration into civilian life. It is therefore important to ensure that com- munities are at the centre of reintegration planning. Through community engagement, reintegration programmes will be better able to identify opportunities for ex-combatants, cope with transitional justice issues affecting ex-combatants and victims, pinpoint poten- tial stressors, and identify priorities for community recovery projects. However, while it is crucial to involve communities in the design and implementation of reintegration programmes, their capacities and commitment to encourage ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration should be carefully assessed.It is good practice to involve or consult families, traditional and religious leaders, women\u2019s, men\u2019s and youth groups, disabled persons\u2019 organizations and other local asso- ciations when planning the return of ex-combatants. These groups should receive support and training to assist in the process. Community women\u2019s groups should be sensitized to support and protect women and girls returning from armed forces and groups, who may struggle to reintegrate (see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for more informa- tion). Linkages with existing HIV programmes should also be made, and people living with HIV\/AIDS in the community should be consulted and involved in planning for HIV activities from the outset (see Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information). Disabled persons\u2019 organizations can be similarly mobilized to participate in planning and as potential implementing partners.When engaging communities, it should be remembered that youth and women have not always benefited from the services or opportunities created in receptor communities, nor have they automatically had a voice in community-driven approaches. To ensure a holistic approach to community engagement, such realities should be carefully considered and addressed so that the whole community \u2013 including specific needs groups \u2013 can ben- efit from reintegration programming.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":857, "Sentence":"Disabled persons\u2019 organizations can be similarly mobilized to participate in planning and as potential implementing partners.When engaging communities, it should be remembered that youth and women have not always benefited from the services or opportunities created in receptor communities, nor have they automatically had a voice in community-driven approaches.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration disabled person \u2019 organization similarly mobilized participate planning potential implementing partners.when engaging community remembered youth woman always benefited service opportunity created receptor community automatically voice communitydriven approach ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.3. Community engagement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Ultimately, it is communities who will or who will not accept ex-combatants, and who will foster their reintegration into civilian life. It is therefore important to ensure that com- munities are at the centre of reintegration planning. Through community engagement, reintegration programmes will be better able to identify opportunities for ex-combatants, cope with transitional justice issues affecting ex-combatants and victims, pinpoint poten- tial stressors, and identify priorities for community recovery projects. However, while it is crucial to involve communities in the design and implementation of reintegration programmes, their capacities and commitment to encourage ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration should be carefully assessed.It is good practice to involve or consult families, traditional and religious leaders, women\u2019s, men\u2019s and youth groups, disabled persons\u2019 organizations and other local asso- ciations when planning the return of ex-combatants. These groups should receive support and training to assist in the process. Community women\u2019s groups should be sensitized to support and protect women and girls returning from armed forces and groups, who may struggle to reintegrate (see Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for more informa- tion). Linkages with existing HIV programmes should also be made, and people living with HIV\/AIDS in the community should be consulted and involved in planning for HIV activities from the outset (see Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information). Disabled persons\u2019 organizations can be similarly mobilized to participate in planning and as potential implementing partners.When engaging communities, it should be remembered that youth and women have not always benefited from the services or opportunities created in receptor communities, nor have they automatically had a voice in community-driven approaches. To ensure a holistic approach to community engagement, such realities should be carefully considered and addressed so that the whole community \u2013 including specific needs groups \u2013 can ben- efit from reintegration programming.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":857, "Sentence":"To ensure a holistic approach to community engagement, such realities should be carefully considered and addressed so that the whole community \u2013 including specific needs groups \u2013 can ben- efit from reintegration programming.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ensure holistic approach community engagement reality carefully considered addressed whole community \u2013 including specific need group \u2013 ben efit reintegration programming ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.4. Private sector involvement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Building a close partnership with the private sector is indispensable to creating oppor- tunities to absorb ex-combatants into a labour market. Job referral, training (especially apprenticeship, training voucher, and employment subsidy programmes) and employ- ment creation aspects of reintegration are often reliant on the private sector and existing businesses. Involvement of the private sector in the planning of reintegration programmes maximizes the relevance of reintegration assistance and can ensure that training activities support the skills required within the prevailing employment market.Private sector actors should be sensitized to DDR programme activities and con- sulted from the initial programme design stage so that the reintegration assistance can target actual needs in the labour market. A thorough understanding of the existing pri- vate sector and war economy is also necessary for reintegration planning. The following options can be considered to encourage private sector investment (see ILO Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants, pp. 26-27): \\n Create incentives for private companies and employers\u2019 associations to help re-estab- lish small local units (e.g. sub-contracting) to supply services and provide employment. \\n Consider how short-term job creation for ex-combatants can be linked to the private sector. For example, provide private sector actors incentives in primary and second- ary infrastructure contracts, with contractual obligations to take on a fixed number of labourers and apprentices from ex-combatant groups. \\n Upgrade existing enterprises, transfer appropriate technology (especially to the urban informal economy), organize livelihoods and vocational training, and provide access to credit. \\n Stimulate public-private partnerships (PPPs) in areas most suitable to commu- nity reintegration (infrastructure, basic services) that promote social inclusion. \\n\\n Reintegration programmes can seek to facilitate linking the entities to make such partnerships possible.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":858, "Sentence":"Building a close partnership with the private sector is indispensable to creating oppor- tunities to absorb ex-combatants into a labour market.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration building close partnership private sector indispensable creating oppor tunities absorb excombatants labour market ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.4. Private sector involvement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Building a close partnership with the private sector is indispensable to creating oppor- tunities to absorb ex-combatants into a labour market. Job referral, training (especially apprenticeship, training voucher, and employment subsidy programmes) and employ- ment creation aspects of reintegration are often reliant on the private sector and existing businesses. Involvement of the private sector in the planning of reintegration programmes maximizes the relevance of reintegration assistance and can ensure that training activities support the skills required within the prevailing employment market.Private sector actors should be sensitized to DDR programme activities and con- sulted from the initial programme design stage so that the reintegration assistance can target actual needs in the labour market. A thorough understanding of the existing pri- vate sector and war economy is also necessary for reintegration planning. The following options can be considered to encourage private sector investment (see ILO Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants, pp. 26-27): \\n Create incentives for private companies and employers\u2019 associations to help re-estab- lish small local units (e.g. sub-contracting) to supply services and provide employment. \\n Consider how short-term job creation for ex-combatants can be linked to the private sector. For example, provide private sector actors incentives in primary and second- ary infrastructure contracts, with contractual obligations to take on a fixed number of labourers and apprentices from ex-combatant groups. \\n Upgrade existing enterprises, transfer appropriate technology (especially to the urban informal economy), organize livelihoods and vocational training, and provide access to credit. \\n Stimulate public-private partnerships (PPPs) in areas most suitable to commu- nity reintegration (infrastructure, basic services) that promote social inclusion. \\n\\n Reintegration programmes can seek to facilitate linking the entities to make such partnerships possible.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":858, "Sentence":"Job referral, training (especially apprenticeship, training voucher, and employment subsidy programmes) and employ- ment creation aspects of reintegration are often reliant on the private sector and existing businesses.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration job referral training especially apprenticeship training voucher employment subsidy programme employ ment creation aspect reintegration often reliant private sector existing business ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.4. Private sector involvement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Building a close partnership with the private sector is indispensable to creating oppor- tunities to absorb ex-combatants into a labour market. Job referral, training (especially apprenticeship, training voucher, and employment subsidy programmes) and employ- ment creation aspects of reintegration are often reliant on the private sector and existing businesses. Involvement of the private sector in the planning of reintegration programmes maximizes the relevance of reintegration assistance and can ensure that training activities support the skills required within the prevailing employment market.Private sector actors should be sensitized to DDR programme activities and con- sulted from the initial programme design stage so that the reintegration assistance can target actual needs in the labour market. A thorough understanding of the existing pri- vate sector and war economy is also necessary for reintegration planning. The following options can be considered to encourage private sector investment (see ILO Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants, pp. 26-27): \\n Create incentives for private companies and employers\u2019 associations to help re-estab- lish small local units (e.g. sub-contracting) to supply services and provide employment. \\n Consider how short-term job creation for ex-combatants can be linked to the private sector. For example, provide private sector actors incentives in primary and second- ary infrastructure contracts, with contractual obligations to take on a fixed number of labourers and apprentices from ex-combatant groups. \\n Upgrade existing enterprises, transfer appropriate technology (especially to the urban informal economy), organize livelihoods and vocational training, and provide access to credit. \\n Stimulate public-private partnerships (PPPs) in areas most suitable to commu- nity reintegration (infrastructure, basic services) that promote social inclusion. \\n\\n Reintegration programmes can seek to facilitate linking the entities to make such partnerships possible.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":858, "Sentence":"Involvement of the private sector in the planning of reintegration programmes maximizes the relevance of reintegration assistance and can ensure that training activities support the skills required within the prevailing employment market.Private sector actors should be sensitized to DDR programme activities and con- sulted from the initial programme design stage so that the reintegration assistance can target actual needs in the labour market.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration involvement private sector planning reintegration programme maximizes relevance reintegration assistance ensure training activity support skill required within prevailing employment market.private sector actor sensitized ddr programme activity con sulted initial programme design stage reintegration assistance target actual need labour market ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.4. Private sector involvement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Building a close partnership with the private sector is indispensable to creating oppor- tunities to absorb ex-combatants into a labour market. Job referral, training (especially apprenticeship, training voucher, and employment subsidy programmes) and employ- ment creation aspects of reintegration are often reliant on the private sector and existing businesses. Involvement of the private sector in the planning of reintegration programmes maximizes the relevance of reintegration assistance and can ensure that training activities support the skills required within the prevailing employment market.Private sector actors should be sensitized to DDR programme activities and con- sulted from the initial programme design stage so that the reintegration assistance can target actual needs in the labour market. A thorough understanding of the existing pri- vate sector and war economy is also necessary for reintegration planning. The following options can be considered to encourage private sector investment (see ILO Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants, pp. 26-27): \\n Create incentives for private companies and employers\u2019 associations to help re-estab- lish small local units (e.g. sub-contracting) to supply services and provide employment. \\n Consider how short-term job creation for ex-combatants can be linked to the private sector. For example, provide private sector actors incentives in primary and second- ary infrastructure contracts, with contractual obligations to take on a fixed number of labourers and apprentices from ex-combatant groups. \\n Upgrade existing enterprises, transfer appropriate technology (especially to the urban informal economy), organize livelihoods and vocational training, and provide access to credit. \\n Stimulate public-private partnerships (PPPs) in areas most suitable to commu- nity reintegration (infrastructure, basic services) that promote social inclusion. \\n\\n Reintegration programmes can seek to facilitate linking the entities to make such partnerships possible.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":858, "Sentence":"A thorough understanding of the existing pri- vate sector and war economy is also necessary for reintegration planning.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration thorough understanding existing pri vate sector war economy also necessary reintegration planning ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.4. Private sector involvement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Building a close partnership with the private sector is indispensable to creating oppor- tunities to absorb ex-combatants into a labour market. Job referral, training (especially apprenticeship, training voucher, and employment subsidy programmes) and employ- ment creation aspects of reintegration are often reliant on the private sector and existing businesses. Involvement of the private sector in the planning of reintegration programmes maximizes the relevance of reintegration assistance and can ensure that training activities support the skills required within the prevailing employment market.Private sector actors should be sensitized to DDR programme activities and con- sulted from the initial programme design stage so that the reintegration assistance can target actual needs in the labour market. A thorough understanding of the existing pri- vate sector and war economy is also necessary for reintegration planning. The following options can be considered to encourage private sector investment (see ILO Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants, pp. 26-27): \\n Create incentives for private companies and employers\u2019 associations to help re-estab- lish small local units (e.g. sub-contracting) to supply services and provide employment. \\n Consider how short-term job creation for ex-combatants can be linked to the private sector. For example, provide private sector actors incentives in primary and second- ary infrastructure contracts, with contractual obligations to take on a fixed number of labourers and apprentices from ex-combatant groups. \\n Upgrade existing enterprises, transfer appropriate technology (especially to the urban informal economy), organize livelihoods and vocational training, and provide access to credit. \\n Stimulate public-private partnerships (PPPs) in areas most suitable to commu- nity reintegration (infrastructure, basic services) that promote social inclusion. \\n\\n Reintegration programmes can seek to facilitate linking the entities to make such partnerships possible.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":858, "Sentence":"The following options can be considered to encourage private sector investment (see ILO Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants, pp.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration following option considered encourage private sector investment see ilo guideline socioeconomic reintegration excombatants pp ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.4. Private sector involvement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Building a close partnership with the private sector is indispensable to creating oppor- tunities to absorb ex-combatants into a labour market. Job referral, training (especially apprenticeship, training voucher, and employment subsidy programmes) and employ- ment creation aspects of reintegration are often reliant on the private sector and existing businesses. Involvement of the private sector in the planning of reintegration programmes maximizes the relevance of reintegration assistance and can ensure that training activities support the skills required within the prevailing employment market.Private sector actors should be sensitized to DDR programme activities and con- sulted from the initial programme design stage so that the reintegration assistance can target actual needs in the labour market. A thorough understanding of the existing pri- vate sector and war economy is also necessary for reintegration planning. The following options can be considered to encourage private sector investment (see ILO Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants, pp. 26-27): \\n Create incentives for private companies and employers\u2019 associations to help re-estab- lish small local units (e.g. sub-contracting) to supply services and provide employment. \\n Consider how short-term job creation for ex-combatants can be linked to the private sector. For example, provide private sector actors incentives in primary and second- ary infrastructure contracts, with contractual obligations to take on a fixed number of labourers and apprentices from ex-combatant groups. \\n Upgrade existing enterprises, transfer appropriate technology (especially to the urban informal economy), organize livelihoods and vocational training, and provide access to credit. \\n Stimulate public-private partnerships (PPPs) in areas most suitable to commu- nity reintegration (infrastructure, basic services) that promote social inclusion. \\n\\n Reintegration programmes can seek to facilitate linking the entities to make such partnerships possible.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":858, "Sentence":"26-27): \\n Create incentives for private companies and employers\u2019 associations to help re-estab- lish small local units (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration 2627 n create incentive private company employer \u2019 association help reestab lish small local unit e.g ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.4. Private sector involvement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Building a close partnership with the private sector is indispensable to creating oppor- tunities to absorb ex-combatants into a labour market. Job referral, training (especially apprenticeship, training voucher, and employment subsidy programmes) and employ- ment creation aspects of reintegration are often reliant on the private sector and existing businesses. Involvement of the private sector in the planning of reintegration programmes maximizes the relevance of reintegration assistance and can ensure that training activities support the skills required within the prevailing employment market.Private sector actors should be sensitized to DDR programme activities and con- sulted from the initial programme design stage so that the reintegration assistance can target actual needs in the labour market. A thorough understanding of the existing pri- vate sector and war economy is also necessary for reintegration planning. The following options can be considered to encourage private sector investment (see ILO Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants, pp. 26-27): \\n Create incentives for private companies and employers\u2019 associations to help re-estab- lish small local units (e.g. sub-contracting) to supply services and provide employment. \\n Consider how short-term job creation for ex-combatants can be linked to the private sector. For example, provide private sector actors incentives in primary and second- ary infrastructure contracts, with contractual obligations to take on a fixed number of labourers and apprentices from ex-combatant groups. \\n Upgrade existing enterprises, transfer appropriate technology (especially to the urban informal economy), organize livelihoods and vocational training, and provide access to credit. \\n Stimulate public-private partnerships (PPPs) in areas most suitable to commu- nity reintegration (infrastructure, basic services) that promote social inclusion. \\n\\n Reintegration programmes can seek to facilitate linking the entities to make such partnerships possible.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":858, "Sentence":"sub-contracting) to supply services and provide employment.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration subcontracting supply service provide employment ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.4. Private sector involvement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Building a close partnership with the private sector is indispensable to creating oppor- tunities to absorb ex-combatants into a labour market. Job referral, training (especially apprenticeship, training voucher, and employment subsidy programmes) and employ- ment creation aspects of reintegration are often reliant on the private sector and existing businesses. Involvement of the private sector in the planning of reintegration programmes maximizes the relevance of reintegration assistance and can ensure that training activities support the skills required within the prevailing employment market.Private sector actors should be sensitized to DDR programme activities and con- sulted from the initial programme design stage so that the reintegration assistance can target actual needs in the labour market. A thorough understanding of the existing pri- vate sector and war economy is also necessary for reintegration planning. The following options can be considered to encourage private sector investment (see ILO Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants, pp. 26-27): \\n Create incentives for private companies and employers\u2019 associations to help re-estab- lish small local units (e.g. sub-contracting) to supply services and provide employment. \\n Consider how short-term job creation for ex-combatants can be linked to the private sector. For example, provide private sector actors incentives in primary and second- ary infrastructure contracts, with contractual obligations to take on a fixed number of labourers and apprentices from ex-combatant groups. \\n Upgrade existing enterprises, transfer appropriate technology (especially to the urban informal economy), organize livelihoods and vocational training, and provide access to credit. \\n Stimulate public-private partnerships (PPPs) in areas most suitable to commu- nity reintegration (infrastructure, basic services) that promote social inclusion. \\n\\n Reintegration programmes can seek to facilitate linking the entities to make such partnerships possible.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":858, "Sentence":"\\n Consider how short-term job creation for ex-combatants can be linked to the private sector.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n consider shortterm job creation excombatants linked private sector ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.4. Private sector involvement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Building a close partnership with the private sector is indispensable to creating oppor- tunities to absorb ex-combatants into a labour market. Job referral, training (especially apprenticeship, training voucher, and employment subsidy programmes) and employ- ment creation aspects of reintegration are often reliant on the private sector and existing businesses. Involvement of the private sector in the planning of reintegration programmes maximizes the relevance of reintegration assistance and can ensure that training activities support the skills required within the prevailing employment market.Private sector actors should be sensitized to DDR programme activities and con- sulted from the initial programme design stage so that the reintegration assistance can target actual needs in the labour market. A thorough understanding of the existing pri- vate sector and war economy is also necessary for reintegration planning. The following options can be considered to encourage private sector investment (see ILO Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants, pp. 26-27): \\n Create incentives for private companies and employers\u2019 associations to help re-estab- lish small local units (e.g. sub-contracting) to supply services and provide employment. \\n Consider how short-term job creation for ex-combatants can be linked to the private sector. For example, provide private sector actors incentives in primary and second- ary infrastructure contracts, with contractual obligations to take on a fixed number of labourers and apprentices from ex-combatant groups. \\n Upgrade existing enterprises, transfer appropriate technology (especially to the urban informal economy), organize livelihoods and vocational training, and provide access to credit. \\n Stimulate public-private partnerships (PPPs) in areas most suitable to commu- nity reintegration (infrastructure, basic services) that promote social inclusion. \\n\\n Reintegration programmes can seek to facilitate linking the entities to make such partnerships possible.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":858, "Sentence":"For example, provide private sector actors incentives in primary and second- ary infrastructure contracts, with contractual obligations to take on a fixed number of labourers and apprentices from ex-combatant groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration example provide private sector actor incentive primary second ary infrastructure contract contractual obligation take fixed number labourer apprentice excombatant group ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.4. Private sector involvement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Building a close partnership with the private sector is indispensable to creating oppor- tunities to absorb ex-combatants into a labour market. Job referral, training (especially apprenticeship, training voucher, and employment subsidy programmes) and employ- ment creation aspects of reintegration are often reliant on the private sector and existing businesses. Involvement of the private sector in the planning of reintegration programmes maximizes the relevance of reintegration assistance and can ensure that training activities support the skills required within the prevailing employment market.Private sector actors should be sensitized to DDR programme activities and con- sulted from the initial programme design stage so that the reintegration assistance can target actual needs in the labour market. A thorough understanding of the existing pri- vate sector and war economy is also necessary for reintegration planning. The following options can be considered to encourage private sector investment (see ILO Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants, pp. 26-27): \\n Create incentives for private companies and employers\u2019 associations to help re-estab- lish small local units (e.g. sub-contracting) to supply services and provide employment. \\n Consider how short-term job creation for ex-combatants can be linked to the private sector. For example, provide private sector actors incentives in primary and second- ary infrastructure contracts, with contractual obligations to take on a fixed number of labourers and apprentices from ex-combatant groups. \\n Upgrade existing enterprises, transfer appropriate technology (especially to the urban informal economy), organize livelihoods and vocational training, and provide access to credit. \\n Stimulate public-private partnerships (PPPs) in areas most suitable to commu- nity reintegration (infrastructure, basic services) that promote social inclusion. \\n\\n Reintegration programmes can seek to facilitate linking the entities to make such partnerships possible.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":858, "Sentence":"\\n Upgrade existing enterprises, transfer appropriate technology (especially to the urban informal economy), organize livelihoods and vocational training, and provide access to credit.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n upgrade existing enterprise transfer appropriate technology especially urban informal economy organize livelihood vocational training provide access credit ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.4. Private sector involvement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Building a close partnership with the private sector is indispensable to creating oppor- tunities to absorb ex-combatants into a labour market. Job referral, training (especially apprenticeship, training voucher, and employment subsidy programmes) and employ- ment creation aspects of reintegration are often reliant on the private sector and existing businesses. Involvement of the private sector in the planning of reintegration programmes maximizes the relevance of reintegration assistance and can ensure that training activities support the skills required within the prevailing employment market.Private sector actors should be sensitized to DDR programme activities and con- sulted from the initial programme design stage so that the reintegration assistance can target actual needs in the labour market. A thorough understanding of the existing pri- vate sector and war economy is also necessary for reintegration planning. The following options can be considered to encourage private sector investment (see ILO Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants, pp. 26-27): \\n Create incentives for private companies and employers\u2019 associations to help re-estab- lish small local units (e.g. sub-contracting) to supply services and provide employment. \\n Consider how short-term job creation for ex-combatants can be linked to the private sector. For example, provide private sector actors incentives in primary and second- ary infrastructure contracts, with contractual obligations to take on a fixed number of labourers and apprentices from ex-combatant groups. \\n Upgrade existing enterprises, transfer appropriate technology (especially to the urban informal economy), organize livelihoods and vocational training, and provide access to credit. \\n Stimulate public-private partnerships (PPPs) in areas most suitable to commu- nity reintegration (infrastructure, basic services) that promote social inclusion. \\n\\n Reintegration programmes can seek to facilitate linking the entities to make such partnerships possible.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":858, "Sentence":"\\n Stimulate public-private partnerships (PPPs) in areas most suitable to commu- nity reintegration (infrastructure, basic services) that promote social inclusion.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n stimulate publicprivate partnership ppp area suitable commu nity reintegration infrastructure basic service promote social inclusion ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.4. Private sector involvement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Building a close partnership with the private sector is indispensable to creating oppor- tunities to absorb ex-combatants into a labour market. Job referral, training (especially apprenticeship, training voucher, and employment subsidy programmes) and employ- ment creation aspects of reintegration are often reliant on the private sector and existing businesses. Involvement of the private sector in the planning of reintegration programmes maximizes the relevance of reintegration assistance and can ensure that training activities support the skills required within the prevailing employment market.Private sector actors should be sensitized to DDR programme activities and con- sulted from the initial programme design stage so that the reintegration assistance can target actual needs in the labour market. A thorough understanding of the existing pri- vate sector and war economy is also necessary for reintegration planning. The following options can be considered to encourage private sector investment (see ILO Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants, pp. 26-27): \\n Create incentives for private companies and employers\u2019 associations to help re-estab- lish small local units (e.g. sub-contracting) to supply services and provide employment. \\n Consider how short-term job creation for ex-combatants can be linked to the private sector. For example, provide private sector actors incentives in primary and second- ary infrastructure contracts, with contractual obligations to take on a fixed number of labourers and apprentices from ex-combatant groups. \\n Upgrade existing enterprises, transfer appropriate technology (especially to the urban informal economy), organize livelihoods and vocational training, and provide access to credit. \\n Stimulate public-private partnerships (PPPs) in areas most suitable to commu- nity reintegration (infrastructure, basic services) that promote social inclusion. \\n\\n Reintegration programmes can seek to facilitate linking the entities to make such partnerships possible.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":858, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Reintegration programmes can seek to facilitate linking the entities to make such partnerships possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration nn reintegration programme seek facilitate linking entity make partnership possible ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.5. Urban vs. rural reintegration planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"In the programme planning phase, attention must be paid to the inherent differences between urban and rural reintegration. Even though the majority of ex-combatants come from rural areas, experience has shown that they often prefer to be reintegrated in urban settings. This is likely due to a change in lifestyle during time with armed forces and groups, as well as an association of agricultural work with poorer living conditions. Another reason may be that rural reintegration packages are seen as less attractive than urban packages, the latter of which often include vocational training in more appealing professions.A key issue to consider when planning for reintegration is that urban areas generally involve more complex and demand-driven planning than rural areas. Depending on the context and in accordance with national recovery and development policies, it may be necessary to encourage ex-combatants and associated members to return to rural areas through the promotion of agricultural activities. Reintegration programmes should there- fore offer agriculture packages that include high quality farming tools and seeds, as well as financial means (or food) to cover the first pre-harvest period. For ex-combatants with limited or no previous knowledge of farming and\/or with limited access to land, cooper- atives may be favorable.Careful attention should also be paid to the question of land acquisition since pro- gramme participants may have lost their access to land due to conflict. Terms must be negotiated that are profitable to both the landowner\/community and the ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":859, "Sentence":"In the programme planning phase, attention must be paid to the inherent differences between urban and rural reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration programme planning phase attention must paid inherent difference urban rural reintegration ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.5. Urban vs. rural reintegration planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"In the programme planning phase, attention must be paid to the inherent differences between urban and rural reintegration. Even though the majority of ex-combatants come from rural areas, experience has shown that they often prefer to be reintegrated in urban settings. This is likely due to a change in lifestyle during time with armed forces and groups, as well as an association of agricultural work with poorer living conditions. Another reason may be that rural reintegration packages are seen as less attractive than urban packages, the latter of which often include vocational training in more appealing professions.A key issue to consider when planning for reintegration is that urban areas generally involve more complex and demand-driven planning than rural areas. Depending on the context and in accordance with national recovery and development policies, it may be necessary to encourage ex-combatants and associated members to return to rural areas through the promotion of agricultural activities. Reintegration programmes should there- fore offer agriculture packages that include high quality farming tools and seeds, as well as financial means (or food) to cover the first pre-harvest period. For ex-combatants with limited or no previous knowledge of farming and\/or with limited access to land, cooper- atives may be favorable.Careful attention should also be paid to the question of land acquisition since pro- gramme participants may have lost their access to land due to conflict. Terms must be negotiated that are profitable to both the landowner\/community and the ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":859, "Sentence":"Even though the majority of ex-combatants come from rural areas, experience has shown that they often prefer to be reintegrated in urban settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration even though majority excombatants come rural area experience shown often prefer reintegrated urban setting ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.5. Urban vs. rural reintegration planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"In the programme planning phase, attention must be paid to the inherent differences between urban and rural reintegration. Even though the majority of ex-combatants come from rural areas, experience has shown that they often prefer to be reintegrated in urban settings. This is likely due to a change in lifestyle during time with armed forces and groups, as well as an association of agricultural work with poorer living conditions. Another reason may be that rural reintegration packages are seen as less attractive than urban packages, the latter of which often include vocational training in more appealing professions.A key issue to consider when planning for reintegration is that urban areas generally involve more complex and demand-driven planning than rural areas. Depending on the context and in accordance with national recovery and development policies, it may be necessary to encourage ex-combatants and associated members to return to rural areas through the promotion of agricultural activities. Reintegration programmes should there- fore offer agriculture packages that include high quality farming tools and seeds, as well as financial means (or food) to cover the first pre-harvest period. For ex-combatants with limited or no previous knowledge of farming and\/or with limited access to land, cooper- atives may be favorable.Careful attention should also be paid to the question of land acquisition since pro- gramme participants may have lost their access to land due to conflict. Terms must be negotiated that are profitable to both the landowner\/community and the ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":859, "Sentence":"This is likely due to a change in lifestyle during time with armed forces and groups, as well as an association of agricultural work with poorer living conditions.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration likely due change lifestyle time armed force group well association agricultural work poorer living condition ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.5. Urban vs. rural reintegration planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"In the programme planning phase, attention must be paid to the inherent differences between urban and rural reintegration. Even though the majority of ex-combatants come from rural areas, experience has shown that they often prefer to be reintegrated in urban settings. This is likely due to a change in lifestyle during time with armed forces and groups, as well as an association of agricultural work with poorer living conditions. Another reason may be that rural reintegration packages are seen as less attractive than urban packages, the latter of which often include vocational training in more appealing professions.A key issue to consider when planning for reintegration is that urban areas generally involve more complex and demand-driven planning than rural areas. Depending on the context and in accordance with national recovery and development policies, it may be necessary to encourage ex-combatants and associated members to return to rural areas through the promotion of agricultural activities. Reintegration programmes should there- fore offer agriculture packages that include high quality farming tools and seeds, as well as financial means (or food) to cover the first pre-harvest period. For ex-combatants with limited or no previous knowledge of farming and\/or with limited access to land, cooper- atives may be favorable.Careful attention should also be paid to the question of land acquisition since pro- gramme participants may have lost their access to land due to conflict. Terms must be negotiated that are profitable to both the landowner\/community and the ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":859, "Sentence":"Another reason may be that rural reintegration packages are seen as less attractive than urban packages, the latter of which often include vocational training in more appealing professions.A key issue to consider when planning for reintegration is that urban areas generally involve more complex and demand-driven planning than rural areas.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration another reason may rural reintegration package seen le attractive urban package latter often include vocational training appealing professions.a key issue consider planning reintegration urban area generally involve complex demanddriven planning rural area ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.5. Urban vs. rural reintegration planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"In the programme planning phase, attention must be paid to the inherent differences between urban and rural reintegration. Even though the majority of ex-combatants come from rural areas, experience has shown that they often prefer to be reintegrated in urban settings. This is likely due to a change in lifestyle during time with armed forces and groups, as well as an association of agricultural work with poorer living conditions. Another reason may be that rural reintegration packages are seen as less attractive than urban packages, the latter of which often include vocational training in more appealing professions.A key issue to consider when planning for reintegration is that urban areas generally involve more complex and demand-driven planning than rural areas. Depending on the context and in accordance with national recovery and development policies, it may be necessary to encourage ex-combatants and associated members to return to rural areas through the promotion of agricultural activities. Reintegration programmes should there- fore offer agriculture packages that include high quality farming tools and seeds, as well as financial means (or food) to cover the first pre-harvest period. For ex-combatants with limited or no previous knowledge of farming and\/or with limited access to land, cooper- atives may be favorable.Careful attention should also be paid to the question of land acquisition since pro- gramme participants may have lost their access to land due to conflict. Terms must be negotiated that are profitable to both the landowner\/community and the ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":859, "Sentence":"Depending on the context and in accordance with national recovery and development policies, it may be necessary to encourage ex-combatants and associated members to return to rural areas through the promotion of agricultural activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration depending context accordance national recovery development policy may necessary encourage excombatants associated member return rural area promotion agricultural activity ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.5. Urban vs. rural reintegration planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"In the programme planning phase, attention must be paid to the inherent differences between urban and rural reintegration. Even though the majority of ex-combatants come from rural areas, experience has shown that they often prefer to be reintegrated in urban settings. This is likely due to a change in lifestyle during time with armed forces and groups, as well as an association of agricultural work with poorer living conditions. Another reason may be that rural reintegration packages are seen as less attractive than urban packages, the latter of which often include vocational training in more appealing professions.A key issue to consider when planning for reintegration is that urban areas generally involve more complex and demand-driven planning than rural areas. Depending on the context and in accordance with national recovery and development policies, it may be necessary to encourage ex-combatants and associated members to return to rural areas through the promotion of agricultural activities. Reintegration programmes should there- fore offer agriculture packages that include high quality farming tools and seeds, as well as financial means (or food) to cover the first pre-harvest period. For ex-combatants with limited or no previous knowledge of farming and\/or with limited access to land, cooper- atives may be favorable.Careful attention should also be paid to the question of land acquisition since pro- gramme participants may have lost their access to land due to conflict. Terms must be negotiated that are profitable to both the landowner\/community and the ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":859, "Sentence":"Reintegration programmes should there- fore offer agriculture packages that include high quality farming tools and seeds, as well as financial means (or food) to cover the first pre-harvest period.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration programme fore offer agriculture package include high quality farming tool seed well financial mean food cover first preharvest period ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.5. Urban vs. rural reintegration planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"In the programme planning phase, attention must be paid to the inherent differences between urban and rural reintegration. Even though the majority of ex-combatants come from rural areas, experience has shown that they often prefer to be reintegrated in urban settings. This is likely due to a change in lifestyle during time with armed forces and groups, as well as an association of agricultural work with poorer living conditions. Another reason may be that rural reintegration packages are seen as less attractive than urban packages, the latter of which often include vocational training in more appealing professions.A key issue to consider when planning for reintegration is that urban areas generally involve more complex and demand-driven planning than rural areas. Depending on the context and in accordance with national recovery and development policies, it may be necessary to encourage ex-combatants and associated members to return to rural areas through the promotion of agricultural activities. Reintegration programmes should there- fore offer agriculture packages that include high quality farming tools and seeds, as well as financial means (or food) to cover the first pre-harvest period. For ex-combatants with limited or no previous knowledge of farming and\/or with limited access to land, cooper- atives may be favorable.Careful attention should also be paid to the question of land acquisition since pro- gramme participants may have lost their access to land due to conflict. Terms must be negotiated that are profitable to both the landowner\/community and the ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":859, "Sentence":"For ex-combatants with limited or no previous knowledge of farming and\/or with limited access to land, cooper- atives may be favorable.Careful attention should also be paid to the question of land acquisition since pro- gramme participants may have lost their access to land due to conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration excombatants limited previous knowledge farming and\/or limited access land cooper atives may favorable.careful attention also paid question land acquisition since pro gramme participant may lost access land due conflict ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.1. Reintegration Planning", "Heading3":"8.1.5. Urban vs. rural reintegration planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"In the programme planning phase, attention must be paid to the inherent differences between urban and rural reintegration. Even though the majority of ex-combatants come from rural areas, experience has shown that they often prefer to be reintegrated in urban settings. This is likely due to a change in lifestyle during time with armed forces and groups, as well as an association of agricultural work with poorer living conditions. Another reason may be that rural reintegration packages are seen as less attractive than urban packages, the latter of which often include vocational training in more appealing professions.A key issue to consider when planning for reintegration is that urban areas generally involve more complex and demand-driven planning than rural areas. Depending on the context and in accordance with national recovery and development policies, it may be necessary to encourage ex-combatants and associated members to return to rural areas through the promotion of agricultural activities. Reintegration programmes should there- fore offer agriculture packages that include high quality farming tools and seeds, as well as financial means (or food) to cover the first pre-harvest period. For ex-combatants with limited or no previous knowledge of farming and\/or with limited access to land, cooper- atives may be favorable.Careful attention should also be paid to the question of land acquisition since pro- gramme participants may have lost their access to land due to conflict. Terms must be negotiated that are profitable to both the landowner\/community and the ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":859, "Sentence":"Terms must be negotiated that are profitable to both the landowner\/community and the ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration term must negotiated profitable landowner\/community excombatants ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A well-designed DDR programme shall not only enhance basic security but shall also sup- port wider recovery and development efforts. It shall further define strategies to address the following essential elements for progamme success: \\n Reintegration strategy and exit strategy; \\n Eligibility criteria; \\n Public information and sensitization; \\n Information counseling and referral services (ICRS); \\n Monitoring and evaluation (M&E); \\n Capacity development; \\n Resource mobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":860, "Sentence":"A well-designed DDR programme shall not only enhance basic security but shall also sup- port wider recovery and development efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration welldesigned ddr programme shall enhance basic security shall also sup port wider recovery development effort ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"A well-designed DDR programme shall not only enhance basic security but shall also sup- port wider recovery and development efforts. It shall further define strategies to address the following essential elements for progamme success: \\n Reintegration strategy and exit strategy; \\n Eligibility criteria; \\n Public information and sensitization; \\n Information counseling and referral services (ICRS); \\n Monitoring and evaluation (M&E); \\n Capacity development; \\n Resource mobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":860, "Sentence":"It shall further define strategies to address the following essential elements for progamme success: \\n Reintegration strategy and exit strategy; \\n Eligibility criteria; \\n Public information and sensitization; \\n Information counseling and referral services (ICRS); \\n Monitoring and evaluation (M&E); \\n Capacity development; \\n Resource mobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration shall define strategy address following essential element progamme success n reintegration strategy exit strategy n eligibility criterion n public information sensitization n information counseling referral service icrs n monitoring evaluation n capacity development n resource mobilization ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.1. Reintegration strategy and exit strategy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes are often only able to cover the conflict transition and early recovery periods as the timeframes of externally-supported programmes is limited. Reintegration processes, however, take much longer and become in large part \u2013 if not entirely \u2013 the responsibility of national actors. Due to this timeframe, the reintegration process is inherently linked to long-term recovery and development processes. Many aspects and outcomes of the reintegration programme, therefore, need to be transferred and sustained beyond the lifespan of the DDR operation to support national counterparts in the immense task at hand. To ensure this smooth transition, reintegration programme managers shall clearly define the exit strategy during the planning stage, focusing on the transition between reintegration and broader SSR, violence prevention, wider recovery, peace building and development processes.A capacity development component at the end of the reintegration programme should be planned for from the earliest stage to assure a smooth programme transition and to ensure that the responsibility for reintegration consistently rests with national institutions and government ministries.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":861, "Sentence":"Reintegration programmes are often only able to cover the conflict transition and early recovery periods as the timeframes of externally-supported programmes is limited.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration programme often able cover conflict transition early recovery period timeframes externallysupported programme limited ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.1. Reintegration strategy and exit strategy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes are often only able to cover the conflict transition and early recovery periods as the timeframes of externally-supported programmes is limited. Reintegration processes, however, take much longer and become in large part \u2013 if not entirely \u2013 the responsibility of national actors. Due to this timeframe, the reintegration process is inherently linked to long-term recovery and development processes. Many aspects and outcomes of the reintegration programme, therefore, need to be transferred and sustained beyond the lifespan of the DDR operation to support national counterparts in the immense task at hand. To ensure this smooth transition, reintegration programme managers shall clearly define the exit strategy during the planning stage, focusing on the transition between reintegration and broader SSR, violence prevention, wider recovery, peace building and development processes.A capacity development component at the end of the reintegration programme should be planned for from the earliest stage to assure a smooth programme transition and to ensure that the responsibility for reintegration consistently rests with national institutions and government ministries.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":861, "Sentence":"Reintegration processes, however, take much longer and become in large part \u2013 if not entirely \u2013 the responsibility of national actors.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration process however take much longer become large part \u2013 entirely \u2013 responsibility national actor ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.1. Reintegration strategy and exit strategy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes are often only able to cover the conflict transition and early recovery periods as the timeframes of externally-supported programmes is limited. Reintegration processes, however, take much longer and become in large part \u2013 if not entirely \u2013 the responsibility of national actors. Due to this timeframe, the reintegration process is inherently linked to long-term recovery and development processes. Many aspects and outcomes of the reintegration programme, therefore, need to be transferred and sustained beyond the lifespan of the DDR operation to support national counterparts in the immense task at hand. To ensure this smooth transition, reintegration programme managers shall clearly define the exit strategy during the planning stage, focusing on the transition between reintegration and broader SSR, violence prevention, wider recovery, peace building and development processes.A capacity development component at the end of the reintegration programme should be planned for from the earliest stage to assure a smooth programme transition and to ensure that the responsibility for reintegration consistently rests with national institutions and government ministries.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":861, "Sentence":"Due to this timeframe, the reintegration process is inherently linked to long-term recovery and development processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration due timeframe reintegration process inherently linked longterm recovery development process ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.1. Reintegration strategy and exit strategy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes are often only able to cover the conflict transition and early recovery periods as the timeframes of externally-supported programmes is limited. Reintegration processes, however, take much longer and become in large part \u2013 if not entirely \u2013 the responsibility of national actors. Due to this timeframe, the reintegration process is inherently linked to long-term recovery and development processes. Many aspects and outcomes of the reintegration programme, therefore, need to be transferred and sustained beyond the lifespan of the DDR operation to support national counterparts in the immense task at hand. To ensure this smooth transition, reintegration programme managers shall clearly define the exit strategy during the planning stage, focusing on the transition between reintegration and broader SSR, violence prevention, wider recovery, peace building and development processes.A capacity development component at the end of the reintegration programme should be planned for from the earliest stage to assure a smooth programme transition and to ensure that the responsibility for reintegration consistently rests with national institutions and government ministries.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":861, "Sentence":"Many aspects and outcomes of the reintegration programme, therefore, need to be transferred and sustained beyond the lifespan of the DDR operation to support national counterparts in the immense task at hand.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration many aspect outcome reintegration programme therefore need transferred sustained beyond lifespan ddr operation support national counterpart immense task hand ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.1. Reintegration strategy and exit strategy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes are often only able to cover the conflict transition and early recovery periods as the timeframes of externally-supported programmes is limited. Reintegration processes, however, take much longer and become in large part \u2013 if not entirely \u2013 the responsibility of national actors. Due to this timeframe, the reintegration process is inherently linked to long-term recovery and development processes. Many aspects and outcomes of the reintegration programme, therefore, need to be transferred and sustained beyond the lifespan of the DDR operation to support national counterparts in the immense task at hand. To ensure this smooth transition, reintegration programme managers shall clearly define the exit strategy during the planning stage, focusing on the transition between reintegration and broader SSR, violence prevention, wider recovery, peace building and development processes.A capacity development component at the end of the reintegration programme should be planned for from the earliest stage to assure a smooth programme transition and to ensure that the responsibility for reintegration consistently rests with national institutions and government ministries.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":861, "Sentence":"To ensure this smooth transition, reintegration programme managers shall clearly define the exit strategy during the planning stage, focusing on the transition between reintegration and broader SSR, violence prevention, wider recovery, peace building and development processes.A capacity development component at the end of the reintegration programme should be planned for from the earliest stage to assure a smooth programme transition and to ensure that the responsibility for reintegration consistently rests with national institutions and government ministries.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ensure smooth transition reintegration programme manager shall clearly define exit strategy planning stage focusing transition reintegration broader ssr violence prevention wider recovery peace building development processes.a capacity development component end reintegration programme planned earliest stage assure smooth programme transition ensure responsibility reintegration consistently rest national institution government ministry ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.2. Eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The eligibility criteria established for the reintegration programme will not necessarily be the same as the criteria established for the disarmament and demobilization phases. Groups associated with armed forces and groups and dependants may not have been eligible to participate in disarmament or demobilization, for instance, but may qualify to participate in reintegration programme activities. It is therefore important to assess eligi- bility on an individual basis using a screening or verification process.DDR planners should develop transparent, easily understood and unambiguous and verifiable eligibility criteria as early as possible, taking into account a balance between security, equity and vulnerability; available resources and funding; and logistical consid- erations. Establishing criteria will therefore depend largely on the size and nature of the caseload and context-specific elements.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":862, "Sentence":"The eligibility criteria established for the reintegration programme will not necessarily be the same as the criteria established for the disarmament and demobilization phases.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration eligibility criterion established reintegration programme necessarily criterion established disarmament demobilization phase ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.2. Eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The eligibility criteria established for the reintegration programme will not necessarily be the same as the criteria established for the disarmament and demobilization phases. Groups associated with armed forces and groups and dependants may not have been eligible to participate in disarmament or demobilization, for instance, but may qualify to participate in reintegration programme activities. It is therefore important to assess eligi- bility on an individual basis using a screening or verification process.DDR planners should develop transparent, easily understood and unambiguous and verifiable eligibility criteria as early as possible, taking into account a balance between security, equity and vulnerability; available resources and funding; and logistical consid- erations. Establishing criteria will therefore depend largely on the size and nature of the caseload and context-specific elements.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":862, "Sentence":"Groups associated with armed forces and groups and dependants may not have been eligible to participate in disarmament or demobilization, for instance, but may qualify to participate in reintegration programme activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration group associated armed force group dependant may eligible participate disarmament demobilization instance may qualify participate reintegration programme activity ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.2. Eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The eligibility criteria established for the reintegration programme will not necessarily be the same as the criteria established for the disarmament and demobilization phases. Groups associated with armed forces and groups and dependants may not have been eligible to participate in disarmament or demobilization, for instance, but may qualify to participate in reintegration programme activities. It is therefore important to assess eligi- bility on an individual basis using a screening or verification process.DDR planners should develop transparent, easily understood and unambiguous and verifiable eligibility criteria as early as possible, taking into account a balance between security, equity and vulnerability; available resources and funding; and logistical consid- erations. Establishing criteria will therefore depend largely on the size and nature of the caseload and context-specific elements.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":862, "Sentence":"It is therefore important to assess eligi- bility on an individual basis using a screening or verification process.DDR planners should develop transparent, easily understood and unambiguous and verifiable eligibility criteria as early as possible, taking into account a balance between security, equity and vulnerability; available resources and funding; and logistical consid- erations.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration therefore important ass eligi bility individual basis using screening verification process.ddr planner develop transparent easily understood unambiguous verifiable eligibility criterion early possible taking account balance security equity vulnerability available resource funding logistical consid erations ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.2. Eligibility criteria", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The eligibility criteria established for the reintegration programme will not necessarily be the same as the criteria established for the disarmament and demobilization phases. Groups associated with armed forces and groups and dependants may not have been eligible to participate in disarmament or demobilization, for instance, but may qualify to participate in reintegration programme activities. It is therefore important to assess eligi- bility on an individual basis using a screening or verification process.DDR planners should develop transparent, easily understood and unambiguous and verifiable eligibility criteria as early as possible, taking into account a balance between security, equity and vulnerability; available resources and funding; and logistical consid- erations. Establishing criteria will therefore depend largely on the size and nature of the caseload and context-specific elements.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":862, "Sentence":"Establishing criteria will therefore depend largely on the size and nature of the caseload and context-specific elements.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration establishing criterion therefore depend largely size nature caseload contextspecific element ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.3. Public information and sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The return of ex-combatants to communities can create real or perceived security prob- lems. The DDR programme should therefore include a strong, long-term public information campaign to keep communities and ex-combatants informed of the reintegration strategy, timetable and resources available. Communication strategies can also integrate broader peace-building messages as part of support for reconciliation processes.Substantial opportunities exist for disseminating public information and sensitiza- tion around DDR programmes through creative use of media (film, radio, television) as well as through using central meeting places (such as market areas) to provide regular programme information and updates. Bringing film messages via portable screens and equipment to rural areas is also an effective way to disseminate messages about DDR and the peace process in general. Lessons learned from previous DDR programmes suggest that radio programmes in which ex-combatants have spoken about their experiences can be a powerful tool for reconciliation (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Stra- tegic Communication in Support of DDR).Focus-group interviews with a wide range of people in sample communities can pro- vide DDR programme managers with a sense of the difficulties and issues that should be dealt with before the return of the ex-combatants. Identifying \u2018areas at-risk\u2019 can also help managers and practitioners prioritize areas in which communication strategies should initially be focused.Particular communication strategies should be developed in receiving communities to provide information support services, including \u2018safe spaces\u2019 for reporting security threats related to sexual and gender-based violence (especially for women and girls). Like- wise, focus groups for women and girls who are being reintegrated into communities should assess socio-economic and security needs of those individual who may face stig- matization and exclusion during reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":863, "Sentence":"The return of ex-combatants to communities can create real or perceived security prob- lems.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration return excombatants community create real perceived security prob lem ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.3. Public information and sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The return of ex-combatants to communities can create real or perceived security prob- lems. The DDR programme should therefore include a strong, long-term public information campaign to keep communities and ex-combatants informed of the reintegration strategy, timetable and resources available. Communication strategies can also integrate broader peace-building messages as part of support for reconciliation processes.Substantial opportunities exist for disseminating public information and sensitiza- tion around DDR programmes through creative use of media (film, radio, television) as well as through using central meeting places (such as market areas) to provide regular programme information and updates. Bringing film messages via portable screens and equipment to rural areas is also an effective way to disseminate messages about DDR and the peace process in general. Lessons learned from previous DDR programmes suggest that radio programmes in which ex-combatants have spoken about their experiences can be a powerful tool for reconciliation (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Stra- tegic Communication in Support of DDR).Focus-group interviews with a wide range of people in sample communities can pro- vide DDR programme managers with a sense of the difficulties and issues that should be dealt with before the return of the ex-combatants. Identifying \u2018areas at-risk\u2019 can also help managers and practitioners prioritize areas in which communication strategies should initially be focused.Particular communication strategies should be developed in receiving communities to provide information support services, including \u2018safe spaces\u2019 for reporting security threats related to sexual and gender-based violence (especially for women and girls). Like- wise, focus groups for women and girls who are being reintegrated into communities should assess socio-economic and security needs of those individual who may face stig- matization and exclusion during reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":863, "Sentence":"The DDR programme should therefore include a strong, long-term public information campaign to keep communities and ex-combatants informed of the reintegration strategy, timetable and resources available.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ddr programme therefore include strong longterm public information campaign keep community excombatants informed reintegration strategy timetable resource available ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.3. Public information and sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The return of ex-combatants to communities can create real or perceived security prob- lems. The DDR programme should therefore include a strong, long-term public information campaign to keep communities and ex-combatants informed of the reintegration strategy, timetable and resources available. Communication strategies can also integrate broader peace-building messages as part of support for reconciliation processes.Substantial opportunities exist for disseminating public information and sensitiza- tion around DDR programmes through creative use of media (film, radio, television) as well as through using central meeting places (such as market areas) to provide regular programme information and updates. Bringing film messages via portable screens and equipment to rural areas is also an effective way to disseminate messages about DDR and the peace process in general. Lessons learned from previous DDR programmes suggest that radio programmes in which ex-combatants have spoken about their experiences can be a powerful tool for reconciliation (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Stra- tegic Communication in Support of DDR).Focus-group interviews with a wide range of people in sample communities can pro- vide DDR programme managers with a sense of the difficulties and issues that should be dealt with before the return of the ex-combatants. Identifying \u2018areas at-risk\u2019 can also help managers and practitioners prioritize areas in which communication strategies should initially be focused.Particular communication strategies should be developed in receiving communities to provide information support services, including \u2018safe spaces\u2019 for reporting security threats related to sexual and gender-based violence (especially for women and girls). Like- wise, focus groups for women and girls who are being reintegrated into communities should assess socio-economic and security needs of those individual who may face stig- matization and exclusion during reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":863, "Sentence":"Communication strategies can also integrate broader peace-building messages as part of support for reconciliation processes.Substantial opportunities exist for disseminating public information and sensitiza- tion around DDR programmes through creative use of media (film, radio, television) as well as through using central meeting places (such as market areas) to provide regular programme information and updates.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration communication strategy also integrate broader peacebuilding message part support reconciliation processes.substantial opportunity exist disseminating public information sensitiza tion around ddr programme creative use medium film radio television well using central meeting place market area provide regular programme information update ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.3. Public information and sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The return of ex-combatants to communities can create real or perceived security prob- lems. The DDR programme should therefore include a strong, long-term public information campaign to keep communities and ex-combatants informed of the reintegration strategy, timetable and resources available. Communication strategies can also integrate broader peace-building messages as part of support for reconciliation processes.Substantial opportunities exist for disseminating public information and sensitiza- tion around DDR programmes through creative use of media (film, radio, television) as well as through using central meeting places (such as market areas) to provide regular programme information and updates. Bringing film messages via portable screens and equipment to rural areas is also an effective way to disseminate messages about DDR and the peace process in general. Lessons learned from previous DDR programmes suggest that radio programmes in which ex-combatants have spoken about their experiences can be a powerful tool for reconciliation (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Stra- tegic Communication in Support of DDR).Focus-group interviews with a wide range of people in sample communities can pro- vide DDR programme managers with a sense of the difficulties and issues that should be dealt with before the return of the ex-combatants. Identifying \u2018areas at-risk\u2019 can also help managers and practitioners prioritize areas in which communication strategies should initially be focused.Particular communication strategies should be developed in receiving communities to provide information support services, including \u2018safe spaces\u2019 for reporting security threats related to sexual and gender-based violence (especially for women and girls). Like- wise, focus groups for women and girls who are being reintegrated into communities should assess socio-economic and security needs of those individual who may face stig- matization and exclusion during reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":863, "Sentence":"Bringing film messages via portable screens and equipment to rural areas is also an effective way to disseminate messages about DDR and the peace process in general.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration bringing film message via portable screen equipment rural area also effective way disseminate message ddr peace process general ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.3. Public information and sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The return of ex-combatants to communities can create real or perceived security prob- lems. The DDR programme should therefore include a strong, long-term public information campaign to keep communities and ex-combatants informed of the reintegration strategy, timetable and resources available. Communication strategies can also integrate broader peace-building messages as part of support for reconciliation processes.Substantial opportunities exist for disseminating public information and sensitiza- tion around DDR programmes through creative use of media (film, radio, television) as well as through using central meeting places (such as market areas) to provide regular programme information and updates. Bringing film messages via portable screens and equipment to rural areas is also an effective way to disseminate messages about DDR and the peace process in general. Lessons learned from previous DDR programmes suggest that radio programmes in which ex-combatants have spoken about their experiences can be a powerful tool for reconciliation (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Stra- tegic Communication in Support of DDR).Focus-group interviews with a wide range of people in sample communities can pro- vide DDR programme managers with a sense of the difficulties and issues that should be dealt with before the return of the ex-combatants. Identifying \u2018areas at-risk\u2019 can also help managers and practitioners prioritize areas in which communication strategies should initially be focused.Particular communication strategies should be developed in receiving communities to provide information support services, including \u2018safe spaces\u2019 for reporting security threats related to sexual and gender-based violence (especially for women and girls). Like- wise, focus groups for women and girls who are being reintegrated into communities should assess socio-economic and security needs of those individual who may face stig- matization and exclusion during reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":863, "Sentence":"Lessons learned from previous DDR programmes suggest that radio programmes in which ex-combatants have spoken about their experiences can be a powerful tool for reconciliation (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Stra- tegic Communication in Support of DDR).Focus-group interviews with a wide range of people in sample communities can pro- vide DDR programme managers with a sense of the difficulties and issues that should be dealt with before the return of the ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration lesson learned previous ddr programme suggest radio programme excombatants spoken experience powerful tool reconciliation also see iddrs 4.60 public information stra tegic communication support ddr.focusgroup interview wide range people sample community pro vide ddr programme manager sense difficulty issue dealt return excombatants ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.3. Public information and sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The return of ex-combatants to communities can create real or perceived security prob- lems. The DDR programme should therefore include a strong, long-term public information campaign to keep communities and ex-combatants informed of the reintegration strategy, timetable and resources available. Communication strategies can also integrate broader peace-building messages as part of support for reconciliation processes.Substantial opportunities exist for disseminating public information and sensitiza- tion around DDR programmes through creative use of media (film, radio, television) as well as through using central meeting places (such as market areas) to provide regular programme information and updates. Bringing film messages via portable screens and equipment to rural areas is also an effective way to disseminate messages about DDR and the peace process in general. Lessons learned from previous DDR programmes suggest that radio programmes in which ex-combatants have spoken about their experiences can be a powerful tool for reconciliation (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Stra- tegic Communication in Support of DDR).Focus-group interviews with a wide range of people in sample communities can pro- vide DDR programme managers with a sense of the difficulties and issues that should be dealt with before the return of the ex-combatants. Identifying \u2018areas at-risk\u2019 can also help managers and practitioners prioritize areas in which communication strategies should initially be focused.Particular communication strategies should be developed in receiving communities to provide information support services, including \u2018safe spaces\u2019 for reporting security threats related to sexual and gender-based violence (especially for women and girls). Like- wise, focus groups for women and girls who are being reintegrated into communities should assess socio-economic and security needs of those individual who may face stig- matization and exclusion during reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":863, "Sentence":"Identifying \u2018areas at-risk\u2019 can also help managers and practitioners prioritize areas in which communication strategies should initially be focused.Particular communication strategies should be developed in receiving communities to provide information support services, including \u2018safe spaces\u2019 for reporting security threats related to sexual and gender-based violence (especially for women and girls).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration identifying \u2018 area atrisk \u2019 also help manager practitioner prioritize area communication strategy initially focused.particular communication strategy developed receiving community provide information support service including \u2018 safe space \u2019 reporting security threat related sexual genderbased violence especially woman girl ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.3. Public information and sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The return of ex-combatants to communities can create real or perceived security prob- lems. The DDR programme should therefore include a strong, long-term public information campaign to keep communities and ex-combatants informed of the reintegration strategy, timetable and resources available. Communication strategies can also integrate broader peace-building messages as part of support for reconciliation processes.Substantial opportunities exist for disseminating public information and sensitiza- tion around DDR programmes through creative use of media (film, radio, television) as well as through using central meeting places (such as market areas) to provide regular programme information and updates. Bringing film messages via portable screens and equipment to rural areas is also an effective way to disseminate messages about DDR and the peace process in general. Lessons learned from previous DDR programmes suggest that radio programmes in which ex-combatants have spoken about their experiences can be a powerful tool for reconciliation (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Stra- tegic Communication in Support of DDR).Focus-group interviews with a wide range of people in sample communities can pro- vide DDR programme managers with a sense of the difficulties and issues that should be dealt with before the return of the ex-combatants. Identifying \u2018areas at-risk\u2019 can also help managers and practitioners prioritize areas in which communication strategies should initially be focused.Particular communication strategies should be developed in receiving communities to provide information support services, including \u2018safe spaces\u2019 for reporting security threats related to sexual and gender-based violence (especially for women and girls). Like- wise, focus groups for women and girls who are being reintegrated into communities should assess socio-economic and security needs of those individual who may face stig- matization and exclusion during reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":863, "Sentence":"Like- wise, focus groups for women and girls who are being reintegrated into communities should assess socio-economic and security needs of those individual who may face stig- matization and exclusion during reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration like wise focus group woman girl reintegrated community ass socioeconomic security need individual may face stig matization exclusion reintegration ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.4. Information, counseling and referral services (ICRS)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Information, counseling and referral services (ICRS) should serve as a repository of information concerning all the programmes, training and assistance available through government, international organizations and local organizations. These services should, where possible, build on strengthening existing national and local capacities to deliver reintegration assistance, for example through the Ministries of Labour, Health, Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Youth and Sports, Education and Planning. In coun- tries where government structures and services are weak or non-existent, the reintegration programme may consider temporary structures for targeting ex-combatants, if necessary.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":864, "Sentence":"Information, counseling and referral services (ICRS) should serve as a repository of information concerning all the programmes, training and assistance available through government, international organizations and local organizations.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration information counseling referral service icrs serve repository information concerning programme training assistance available government international organization local organization ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.4. Information, counseling and referral services (ICRS)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Information, counseling and referral services (ICRS) should serve as a repository of information concerning all the programmes, training and assistance available through government, international organizations and local organizations. These services should, where possible, build on strengthening existing national and local capacities to deliver reintegration assistance, for example through the Ministries of Labour, Health, Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Youth and Sports, Education and Planning. In coun- tries where government structures and services are weak or non-existent, the reintegration programme may consider temporary structures for targeting ex-combatants, if necessary.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":864, "Sentence":"These services should, where possible, build on strengthening existing national and local capacities to deliver reintegration assistance, for example through the Ministries of Labour, Health, Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Youth and Sports, Education and Planning.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration service possible build strengthening existing national local capacity deliver reintegration assistance example ministry labour health agriculture forestry fishery aquaculture youth sport education planning ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.4. Information, counseling and referral services (ICRS)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Information, counseling and referral services (ICRS) should serve as a repository of information concerning all the programmes, training and assistance available through government, international organizations and local organizations. These services should, where possible, build on strengthening existing national and local capacities to deliver reintegration assistance, for example through the Ministries of Labour, Health, Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Youth and Sports, Education and Planning. In coun- tries where government structures and services are weak or non-existent, the reintegration programme may consider temporary structures for targeting ex-combatants, if necessary.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":864, "Sentence":"In coun- tries where government structures and services are weak or non-existent, the reintegration programme may consider temporary structures for targeting ex-combatants, if necessary.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration coun try government structure service weak nonexistent reintegration programme may consider temporary structure targeting excombatants necessary ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.5. Monitoring and evaluation (M&E)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"One of the weaknesses of past DDR programmes has been the lack of clearly defined objectives and measurable indicators, which are needed for the monitoring and evalua- tion (M&E) of the programme. The measurement of outcomes is essential to determining the success and effectiveness of inputs and outputs in the programme. Once the decision to implement a DDR programme has been taken, the government and\/or national and local stakeholders, together with UN agencies and partners, shall develop a framework for results-based monitoring and evaluation. For more details on M&E see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes and the UNDP How-to Guide on Monitor- ing and Evaluation for Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Programmes.The starting point for effective, results-based M&E is for all concerned parties to arrive at a clear and unambiguous agreement about the context-specific objectives and expected results of the reintegration programme. Once expected results are clearly defined, all stakeholders must agree on key indicators for monitoring progress towards and measur- ing the achievement of outputs and outcomes.Reintegration outcomes typically refer to employment rates, changes in income, changes in ex-combatant behaviour, successful interactions with other social groups, and improvement in security both at national and local levels. M&E programmes should be sure to include indicators related to the efficient use of livelihoods resources in order to determine if programme approaches need to be adapted mid-way to increase the likeli- hood of success in the long-term.The programme budget required for M&E will largely depend on the following factors: \\n The number of dedicated M&E staff the programme hires and at what level; \\n The number of planned external evaluations; \\n The number and type of surveys and other primary data collection activities; \\n The costs associated with training; \\n The costs of establishing baselines.A very approximate rule of thumb is that around 3-7 percent of dedicated programme resources will be needed for effective and meaningful M&E.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":865, "Sentence":"One of the weaknesses of past DDR programmes has been the lack of clearly defined objectives and measurable indicators, which are needed for the monitoring and evalua- tion (M&E) of the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration one weakness past ddr programme lack clearly defined objective measurable indicator needed monitoring evalua tion programme ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.5. Monitoring and evaluation (M&E)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"One of the weaknesses of past DDR programmes has been the lack of clearly defined objectives and measurable indicators, which are needed for the monitoring and evalua- tion (M&E) of the programme. The measurement of outcomes is essential to determining the success and effectiveness of inputs and outputs in the programme. Once the decision to implement a DDR programme has been taken, the government and\/or national and local stakeholders, together with UN agencies and partners, shall develop a framework for results-based monitoring and evaluation. For more details on M&E see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes and the UNDP How-to Guide on Monitor- ing and Evaluation for Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Programmes.The starting point for effective, results-based M&E is for all concerned parties to arrive at a clear and unambiguous agreement about the context-specific objectives and expected results of the reintegration programme. Once expected results are clearly defined, all stakeholders must agree on key indicators for monitoring progress towards and measur- ing the achievement of outputs and outcomes.Reintegration outcomes typically refer to employment rates, changes in income, changes in ex-combatant behaviour, successful interactions with other social groups, and improvement in security both at national and local levels. M&E programmes should be sure to include indicators related to the efficient use of livelihoods resources in order to determine if programme approaches need to be adapted mid-way to increase the likeli- hood of success in the long-term.The programme budget required for M&E will largely depend on the following factors: \\n The number of dedicated M&E staff the programme hires and at what level; \\n The number of planned external evaluations; \\n The number and type of surveys and other primary data collection activities; \\n The costs associated with training; \\n The costs of establishing baselines.A very approximate rule of thumb is that around 3-7 percent of dedicated programme resources will be needed for effective and meaningful M&E.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":865, "Sentence":"The measurement of outcomes is essential to determining the success and effectiveness of inputs and outputs in the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration measurement outcome essential determining success effectiveness input output programme ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.5. Monitoring and evaluation (M&E)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"One of the weaknesses of past DDR programmes has been the lack of clearly defined objectives and measurable indicators, which are needed for the monitoring and evalua- tion (M&E) of the programme. The measurement of outcomes is essential to determining the success and effectiveness of inputs and outputs in the programme. Once the decision to implement a DDR programme has been taken, the government and\/or national and local stakeholders, together with UN agencies and partners, shall develop a framework for results-based monitoring and evaluation. For more details on M&E see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes and the UNDP How-to Guide on Monitor- ing and Evaluation for Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Programmes.The starting point for effective, results-based M&E is for all concerned parties to arrive at a clear and unambiguous agreement about the context-specific objectives and expected results of the reintegration programme. Once expected results are clearly defined, all stakeholders must agree on key indicators for monitoring progress towards and measur- ing the achievement of outputs and outcomes.Reintegration outcomes typically refer to employment rates, changes in income, changes in ex-combatant behaviour, successful interactions with other social groups, and improvement in security both at national and local levels. M&E programmes should be sure to include indicators related to the efficient use of livelihoods resources in order to determine if programme approaches need to be adapted mid-way to increase the likeli- hood of success in the long-term.The programme budget required for M&E will largely depend on the following factors: \\n The number of dedicated M&E staff the programme hires and at what level; \\n The number of planned external evaluations; \\n The number and type of surveys and other primary data collection activities; \\n The costs associated with training; \\n The costs of establishing baselines.A very approximate rule of thumb is that around 3-7 percent of dedicated programme resources will be needed for effective and meaningful M&E.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":865, "Sentence":"Once the decision to implement a DDR programme has been taken, the government and\/or national and local stakeholders, together with UN agencies and partners, shall develop a framework for results-based monitoring and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration decision implement ddr programme taken government and\/or national local stakeholder together un agency partner shall develop framework resultsbased monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.5. Monitoring and evaluation (M&E)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"One of the weaknesses of past DDR programmes has been the lack of clearly defined objectives and measurable indicators, which are needed for the monitoring and evalua- tion (M&E) of the programme. The measurement of outcomes is essential to determining the success and effectiveness of inputs and outputs in the programme. Once the decision to implement a DDR programme has been taken, the government and\/or national and local stakeholders, together with UN agencies and partners, shall develop a framework for results-based monitoring and evaluation. For more details on M&E see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes and the UNDP How-to Guide on Monitor- ing and Evaluation for Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Programmes.The starting point for effective, results-based M&E is for all concerned parties to arrive at a clear and unambiguous agreement about the context-specific objectives and expected results of the reintegration programme. Once expected results are clearly defined, all stakeholders must agree on key indicators for monitoring progress towards and measur- ing the achievement of outputs and outcomes.Reintegration outcomes typically refer to employment rates, changes in income, changes in ex-combatant behaviour, successful interactions with other social groups, and improvement in security both at national and local levels. M&E programmes should be sure to include indicators related to the efficient use of livelihoods resources in order to determine if programme approaches need to be adapted mid-way to increase the likeli- hood of success in the long-term.The programme budget required for M&E will largely depend on the following factors: \\n The number of dedicated M&E staff the programme hires and at what level; \\n The number of planned external evaluations; \\n The number and type of surveys and other primary data collection activities; \\n The costs associated with training; \\n The costs of establishing baselines.A very approximate rule of thumb is that around 3-7 percent of dedicated programme resources will be needed for effective and meaningful M&E.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":865, "Sentence":"For more details on M&E see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes and the UNDP How-to Guide on Monitor- ing and Evaluation for Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Programmes.The starting point for effective, results-based M&E is for all concerned parties to arrive at a clear and unambiguous agreement about the context-specific objectives and expected results of the reintegration programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration detail see iddrs 3.50 monitoring evaluation ddr programme undp howto guide monitor ing evaluation disarmament demobilization reintegration programmes.the starting point effective resultsbased concerned party arrive clear unambiguous agreement contextspecific objective expected result reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.5. Monitoring and evaluation (M&E)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"One of the weaknesses of past DDR programmes has been the lack of clearly defined objectives and measurable indicators, which are needed for the monitoring and evalua- tion (M&E) of the programme. The measurement of outcomes is essential to determining the success and effectiveness of inputs and outputs in the programme. Once the decision to implement a DDR programme has been taken, the government and\/or national and local stakeholders, together with UN agencies and partners, shall develop a framework for results-based monitoring and evaluation. For more details on M&E see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes and the UNDP How-to Guide on Monitor- ing and Evaluation for Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Programmes.The starting point for effective, results-based M&E is for all concerned parties to arrive at a clear and unambiguous agreement about the context-specific objectives and expected results of the reintegration programme. Once expected results are clearly defined, all stakeholders must agree on key indicators for monitoring progress towards and measur- ing the achievement of outputs and outcomes.Reintegration outcomes typically refer to employment rates, changes in income, changes in ex-combatant behaviour, successful interactions with other social groups, and improvement in security both at national and local levels. M&E programmes should be sure to include indicators related to the efficient use of livelihoods resources in order to determine if programme approaches need to be adapted mid-way to increase the likeli- hood of success in the long-term.The programme budget required for M&E will largely depend on the following factors: \\n The number of dedicated M&E staff the programme hires and at what level; \\n The number of planned external evaluations; \\n The number and type of surveys and other primary data collection activities; \\n The costs associated with training; \\n The costs of establishing baselines.A very approximate rule of thumb is that around 3-7 percent of dedicated programme resources will be needed for effective and meaningful M&E.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":865, "Sentence":"Once expected results are clearly defined, all stakeholders must agree on key indicators for monitoring progress towards and measur- ing the achievement of outputs and outcomes.Reintegration outcomes typically refer to employment rates, changes in income, changes in ex-combatant behaviour, successful interactions with other social groups, and improvement in security both at national and local levels.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration expected result clearly defined stakeholder must agree key indicator monitoring progress towards measur ing achievement output outcomes.reintegration outcome typically refer employment rate change income change excombatant behaviour successful interaction social group improvement security national local level ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.5. Monitoring and evaluation (M&E)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"One of the weaknesses of past DDR programmes has been the lack of clearly defined objectives and measurable indicators, which are needed for the monitoring and evalua- tion (M&E) of the programme. The measurement of outcomes is essential to determining the success and effectiveness of inputs and outputs in the programme. Once the decision to implement a DDR programme has been taken, the government and\/or national and local stakeholders, together with UN agencies and partners, shall develop a framework for results-based monitoring and evaluation. For more details on M&E see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes and the UNDP How-to Guide on Monitor- ing and Evaluation for Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Programmes.The starting point for effective, results-based M&E is for all concerned parties to arrive at a clear and unambiguous agreement about the context-specific objectives and expected results of the reintegration programme. Once expected results are clearly defined, all stakeholders must agree on key indicators for monitoring progress towards and measur- ing the achievement of outputs and outcomes.Reintegration outcomes typically refer to employment rates, changes in income, changes in ex-combatant behaviour, successful interactions with other social groups, and improvement in security both at national and local levels. M&E programmes should be sure to include indicators related to the efficient use of livelihoods resources in order to determine if programme approaches need to be adapted mid-way to increase the likeli- hood of success in the long-term.The programme budget required for M&E will largely depend on the following factors: \\n The number of dedicated M&E staff the programme hires and at what level; \\n The number of planned external evaluations; \\n The number and type of surveys and other primary data collection activities; \\n The costs associated with training; \\n The costs of establishing baselines.A very approximate rule of thumb is that around 3-7 percent of dedicated programme resources will be needed for effective and meaningful M&E.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":865, "Sentence":"M&E programmes should be sure to include indicators related to the efficient use of livelihoods resources in order to determine if programme approaches need to be adapted mid-way to increase the likeli- hood of success in the long-term.The programme budget required for M&E will largely depend on the following factors: \\n The number of dedicated M&E staff the programme hires and at what level; \\n The number of planned external evaluations; \\n The number and type of surveys and other primary data collection activities; \\n The costs associated with training; \\n The costs of establishing baselines.A very approximate rule of thumb is that around 3-7 percent of dedicated programme resources will be needed for effective and meaningful M&E.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration programme sure include indicator related efficient use livelihood resource order determine programme approach need adapted midway increase likeli hood success longterm.the programme budget required largely depend following factor n number dedicated staff programme hire level n number planned external evaluation n number type survey primary data collection activity n cost associated training n cost establishing baselines.a approximate rule thumb around 37 percent dedicated programme resource needed effective meaningful ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.6. Capacity development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict often has devastating effects on educational development, employment and business development, health systems, legal institutions, etc. Qualified individuals have often fled, organizations have lost their capacity and resources, and the systems within which institutions function have been disrupted. Often reintegration programmes and development plans have no alternative but to work towards (re-) building the capacity of those individuals who have remained or returned.A primary role of all international assistance, and specifically UN assistance, is to support the development of national and local capacities. This capacity built as part of rein- tegration programmes will encourage ownership, commitment and successful delivery of services, as well as the long-term sustainability of reintegration processes. Reintegration assistance should include a component on developing the capacity of national actors including line ministries, training institutions and service providers through educa- tion and training in institution building, organizational and financial management, and technical and material assistance. Support should also be given to communities to set up local forums and consultative committees that form the basis of decision-making processes that define and shape the focus of local reintegration assistance, and provide community oversight and ownership. It is particularly important to synchronize the tim- ing of ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration with the period necessary to develop the capacity of local governments.Providing training in planning, management and social skills to reintegration service providers constitutes an important contribution, but capacity building must not be lim- ited to training. On-the-job learning and knowledge transfer is effective as well. In many cases it will prove necessary and beneficial for international staff in key positions to work directly with local counterparts in order to ensure transfer of competences in a timely manner. Since this method is not suitable for the long-term, institution-based and cross-in- stitutional assistance programmes can replace the assistance provided by internationals.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":866, "Sentence":"Armed conflict often has devastating effects on educational development, employment and business development, health systems, legal institutions, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration armed conflict often devastating effect educational development employment business development health system legal institution etc ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.6. Capacity development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict often has devastating effects on educational development, employment and business development, health systems, legal institutions, etc. Qualified individuals have often fled, organizations have lost their capacity and resources, and the systems within which institutions function have been disrupted. Often reintegration programmes and development plans have no alternative but to work towards (re-) building the capacity of those individuals who have remained or returned.A primary role of all international assistance, and specifically UN assistance, is to support the development of national and local capacities. This capacity built as part of rein- tegration programmes will encourage ownership, commitment and successful delivery of services, as well as the long-term sustainability of reintegration processes. Reintegration assistance should include a component on developing the capacity of national actors including line ministries, training institutions and service providers through educa- tion and training in institution building, organizational and financial management, and technical and material assistance. Support should also be given to communities to set up local forums and consultative committees that form the basis of decision-making processes that define and shape the focus of local reintegration assistance, and provide community oversight and ownership. It is particularly important to synchronize the tim- ing of ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration with the period necessary to develop the capacity of local governments.Providing training in planning, management and social skills to reintegration service providers constitutes an important contribution, but capacity building must not be lim- ited to training. On-the-job learning and knowledge transfer is effective as well. In many cases it will prove necessary and beneficial for international staff in key positions to work directly with local counterparts in order to ensure transfer of competences in a timely manner. Since this method is not suitable for the long-term, institution-based and cross-in- stitutional assistance programmes can replace the assistance provided by internationals.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":866, "Sentence":"Qualified individuals have often fled, organizations have lost their capacity and resources, and the systems within which institutions function have been disrupted.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration qualified individual often fled organization lost capacity resource system within institution function disrupted ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.6. Capacity development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict often has devastating effects on educational development, employment and business development, health systems, legal institutions, etc. Qualified individuals have often fled, organizations have lost their capacity and resources, and the systems within which institutions function have been disrupted. Often reintegration programmes and development plans have no alternative but to work towards (re-) building the capacity of those individuals who have remained or returned.A primary role of all international assistance, and specifically UN assistance, is to support the development of national and local capacities. This capacity built as part of rein- tegration programmes will encourage ownership, commitment and successful delivery of services, as well as the long-term sustainability of reintegration processes. Reintegration assistance should include a component on developing the capacity of national actors including line ministries, training institutions and service providers through educa- tion and training in institution building, organizational and financial management, and technical and material assistance. Support should also be given to communities to set up local forums and consultative committees that form the basis of decision-making processes that define and shape the focus of local reintegration assistance, and provide community oversight and ownership. It is particularly important to synchronize the tim- ing of ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration with the period necessary to develop the capacity of local governments.Providing training in planning, management and social skills to reintegration service providers constitutes an important contribution, but capacity building must not be lim- ited to training. On-the-job learning and knowledge transfer is effective as well. In many cases it will prove necessary and beneficial for international staff in key positions to work directly with local counterparts in order to ensure transfer of competences in a timely manner. Since this method is not suitable for the long-term, institution-based and cross-in- stitutional assistance programmes can replace the assistance provided by internationals.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":866, "Sentence":"Often reintegration programmes and development plans have no alternative but to work towards (re-) building the capacity of those individuals who have remained or returned.A primary role of all international assistance, and specifically UN assistance, is to support the development of national and local capacities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration often reintegration programme development plan alternative work towards building capacity individual remained returned.a primary role international assistance specifically un assistance support development national local capacity ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.6. Capacity development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict often has devastating effects on educational development, employment and business development, health systems, legal institutions, etc. Qualified individuals have often fled, organizations have lost their capacity and resources, and the systems within which institutions function have been disrupted. Often reintegration programmes and development plans have no alternative but to work towards (re-) building the capacity of those individuals who have remained or returned.A primary role of all international assistance, and specifically UN assistance, is to support the development of national and local capacities. This capacity built as part of rein- tegration programmes will encourage ownership, commitment and successful delivery of services, as well as the long-term sustainability of reintegration processes. Reintegration assistance should include a component on developing the capacity of national actors including line ministries, training institutions and service providers through educa- tion and training in institution building, organizational and financial management, and technical and material assistance. Support should also be given to communities to set up local forums and consultative committees that form the basis of decision-making processes that define and shape the focus of local reintegration assistance, and provide community oversight and ownership. It is particularly important to synchronize the tim- ing of ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration with the period necessary to develop the capacity of local governments.Providing training in planning, management and social skills to reintegration service providers constitutes an important contribution, but capacity building must not be lim- ited to training. On-the-job learning and knowledge transfer is effective as well. In many cases it will prove necessary and beneficial for international staff in key positions to work directly with local counterparts in order to ensure transfer of competences in a timely manner. Since this method is not suitable for the long-term, institution-based and cross-in- stitutional assistance programmes can replace the assistance provided by internationals.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":866, "Sentence":"This capacity built as part of rein- tegration programmes will encourage ownership, commitment and successful delivery of services, as well as the long-term sustainability of reintegration processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration capacity built part rein tegration programme encourage ownership commitment successful delivery service well longterm sustainability reintegration process ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.6. Capacity development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict often has devastating effects on educational development, employment and business development, health systems, legal institutions, etc. Qualified individuals have often fled, organizations have lost their capacity and resources, and the systems within which institutions function have been disrupted. Often reintegration programmes and development plans have no alternative but to work towards (re-) building the capacity of those individuals who have remained or returned.A primary role of all international assistance, and specifically UN assistance, is to support the development of national and local capacities. This capacity built as part of rein- tegration programmes will encourage ownership, commitment and successful delivery of services, as well as the long-term sustainability of reintegration processes. Reintegration assistance should include a component on developing the capacity of national actors including line ministries, training institutions and service providers through educa- tion and training in institution building, organizational and financial management, and technical and material assistance. Support should also be given to communities to set up local forums and consultative committees that form the basis of decision-making processes that define and shape the focus of local reintegration assistance, and provide community oversight and ownership. It is particularly important to synchronize the tim- ing of ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration with the period necessary to develop the capacity of local governments.Providing training in planning, management and social skills to reintegration service providers constitutes an important contribution, but capacity building must not be lim- ited to training. On-the-job learning and knowledge transfer is effective as well. In many cases it will prove necessary and beneficial for international staff in key positions to work directly with local counterparts in order to ensure transfer of competences in a timely manner. Since this method is not suitable for the long-term, institution-based and cross-in- stitutional assistance programmes can replace the assistance provided by internationals.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":866, "Sentence":"Reintegration assistance should include a component on developing the capacity of national actors including line ministries, training institutions and service providers through educa- tion and training in institution building, organizational and financial management, and technical and material assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration assistance include component developing capacity national actor including line ministry training institution service provider educa tion training institution building organizational financial management technical material assistance ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.6. Capacity development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict often has devastating effects on educational development, employment and business development, health systems, legal institutions, etc. Qualified individuals have often fled, organizations have lost their capacity and resources, and the systems within which institutions function have been disrupted. Often reintegration programmes and development plans have no alternative but to work towards (re-) building the capacity of those individuals who have remained or returned.A primary role of all international assistance, and specifically UN assistance, is to support the development of national and local capacities. This capacity built as part of rein- tegration programmes will encourage ownership, commitment and successful delivery of services, as well as the long-term sustainability of reintegration processes. Reintegration assistance should include a component on developing the capacity of national actors including line ministries, training institutions and service providers through educa- tion and training in institution building, organizational and financial management, and technical and material assistance. Support should also be given to communities to set up local forums and consultative committees that form the basis of decision-making processes that define and shape the focus of local reintegration assistance, and provide community oversight and ownership. It is particularly important to synchronize the tim- ing of ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration with the period necessary to develop the capacity of local governments.Providing training in planning, management and social skills to reintegration service providers constitutes an important contribution, but capacity building must not be lim- ited to training. On-the-job learning and knowledge transfer is effective as well. In many cases it will prove necessary and beneficial for international staff in key positions to work directly with local counterparts in order to ensure transfer of competences in a timely manner. Since this method is not suitable for the long-term, institution-based and cross-in- stitutional assistance programmes can replace the assistance provided by internationals.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":866, "Sentence":"Support should also be given to communities to set up local forums and consultative committees that form the basis of decision-making processes that define and shape the focus of local reintegration assistance, and provide community oversight and ownership.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration support also given community set local forum consultative committee form basis decisionmaking process define shape focus local reintegration assistance provide community oversight ownership ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.6. Capacity development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict often has devastating effects on educational development, employment and business development, health systems, legal institutions, etc. Qualified individuals have often fled, organizations have lost their capacity and resources, and the systems within which institutions function have been disrupted. Often reintegration programmes and development plans have no alternative but to work towards (re-) building the capacity of those individuals who have remained or returned.A primary role of all international assistance, and specifically UN assistance, is to support the development of national and local capacities. This capacity built as part of rein- tegration programmes will encourage ownership, commitment and successful delivery of services, as well as the long-term sustainability of reintegration processes. Reintegration assistance should include a component on developing the capacity of national actors including line ministries, training institutions and service providers through educa- tion and training in institution building, organizational and financial management, and technical and material assistance. Support should also be given to communities to set up local forums and consultative committees that form the basis of decision-making processes that define and shape the focus of local reintegration assistance, and provide community oversight and ownership. It is particularly important to synchronize the tim- ing of ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration with the period necessary to develop the capacity of local governments.Providing training in planning, management and social skills to reintegration service providers constitutes an important contribution, but capacity building must not be lim- ited to training. On-the-job learning and knowledge transfer is effective as well. In many cases it will prove necessary and beneficial for international staff in key positions to work directly with local counterparts in order to ensure transfer of competences in a timely manner. Since this method is not suitable for the long-term, institution-based and cross-in- stitutional assistance programmes can replace the assistance provided by internationals.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":866, "Sentence":"It is particularly important to synchronize the tim- ing of ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration with the period necessary to develop the capacity of local governments.Providing training in planning, management and social skills to reintegration service providers constitutes an important contribution, but capacity building must not be lim- ited to training.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration particularly important synchronize tim ing excombatants \u2019 reintegration period necessary develop capacity local governments.providing training planning management social skill reintegration service provider constitutes important contribution capacity building must lim ited training ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.6. Capacity development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict often has devastating effects on educational development, employment and business development, health systems, legal institutions, etc. Qualified individuals have often fled, organizations have lost their capacity and resources, and the systems within which institutions function have been disrupted. Often reintegration programmes and development plans have no alternative but to work towards (re-) building the capacity of those individuals who have remained or returned.A primary role of all international assistance, and specifically UN assistance, is to support the development of national and local capacities. This capacity built as part of rein- tegration programmes will encourage ownership, commitment and successful delivery of services, as well as the long-term sustainability of reintegration processes. Reintegration assistance should include a component on developing the capacity of national actors including line ministries, training institutions and service providers through educa- tion and training in institution building, organizational and financial management, and technical and material assistance. Support should also be given to communities to set up local forums and consultative committees that form the basis of decision-making processes that define and shape the focus of local reintegration assistance, and provide community oversight and ownership. It is particularly important to synchronize the tim- ing of ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration with the period necessary to develop the capacity of local governments.Providing training in planning, management and social skills to reintegration service providers constitutes an important contribution, but capacity building must not be lim- ited to training. On-the-job learning and knowledge transfer is effective as well. In many cases it will prove necessary and beneficial for international staff in key positions to work directly with local counterparts in order to ensure transfer of competences in a timely manner. Since this method is not suitable for the long-term, institution-based and cross-in- stitutional assistance programmes can replace the assistance provided by internationals.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":866, "Sentence":"On-the-job learning and knowledge transfer is effective as well.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration onthejob learning knowledge transfer effective well ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.6. Capacity development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict often has devastating effects on educational development, employment and business development, health systems, legal institutions, etc. Qualified individuals have often fled, organizations have lost their capacity and resources, and the systems within which institutions function have been disrupted. Often reintegration programmes and development plans have no alternative but to work towards (re-) building the capacity of those individuals who have remained or returned.A primary role of all international assistance, and specifically UN assistance, is to support the development of national and local capacities. This capacity built as part of rein- tegration programmes will encourage ownership, commitment and successful delivery of services, as well as the long-term sustainability of reintegration processes. Reintegration assistance should include a component on developing the capacity of national actors including line ministries, training institutions and service providers through educa- tion and training in institution building, organizational and financial management, and technical and material assistance. Support should also be given to communities to set up local forums and consultative committees that form the basis of decision-making processes that define and shape the focus of local reintegration assistance, and provide community oversight and ownership. It is particularly important to synchronize the tim- ing of ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration with the period necessary to develop the capacity of local governments.Providing training in planning, management and social skills to reintegration service providers constitutes an important contribution, but capacity building must not be lim- ited to training. On-the-job learning and knowledge transfer is effective as well. In many cases it will prove necessary and beneficial for international staff in key positions to work directly with local counterparts in order to ensure transfer of competences in a timely manner. Since this method is not suitable for the long-term, institution-based and cross-in- stitutional assistance programmes can replace the assistance provided by internationals.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":866, "Sentence":"In many cases it will prove necessary and beneficial for international staff in key positions to work directly with local counterparts in order to ensure transfer of competences in a timely manner.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration many case prove necessary beneficial international staff key position work directly local counterpart order ensure transfer competence timely manner ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.6. Capacity development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict often has devastating effects on educational development, employment and business development, health systems, legal institutions, etc. Qualified individuals have often fled, organizations have lost their capacity and resources, and the systems within which institutions function have been disrupted. Often reintegration programmes and development plans have no alternative but to work towards (re-) building the capacity of those individuals who have remained or returned.A primary role of all international assistance, and specifically UN assistance, is to support the development of national and local capacities. This capacity built as part of rein- tegration programmes will encourage ownership, commitment and successful delivery of services, as well as the long-term sustainability of reintegration processes. Reintegration assistance should include a component on developing the capacity of national actors including line ministries, training institutions and service providers through educa- tion and training in institution building, organizational and financial management, and technical and material assistance. Support should also be given to communities to set up local forums and consultative committees that form the basis of decision-making processes that define and shape the focus of local reintegration assistance, and provide community oversight and ownership. It is particularly important to synchronize the tim- ing of ex-combatants\u2019 reintegration with the period necessary to develop the capacity of local governments.Providing training in planning, management and social skills to reintegration service providers constitutes an important contribution, but capacity building must not be lim- ited to training. On-the-job learning and knowledge transfer is effective as well. In many cases it will prove necessary and beneficial for international staff in key positions to work directly with local counterparts in order to ensure transfer of competences in a timely manner. Since this method is not suitable for the long-term, institution-based and cross-in- stitutional assistance programmes can replace the assistance provided by internationals.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":866, "Sentence":"Since this method is not suitable for the long-term, institution-based and cross-in- stitutional assistance programmes can replace the assistance provided by internationals.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration since method suitable longterm institutionbased crossin stitutional assistance programme replace assistance provided international ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.7. Resource mobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes\u2019 scope, commencement and timeframe are subject to funding availability, meaning implementation can frequently be delayed due to late or absent dis- bursement of funding. Previous reintegration programmes have faced serious funding problems, as outlined below. However, such examples can be readily used to inform and improve future reintegration initiatives.The move towards integration across the UN could help to solve some of these prob- lems. Resolution A\/C.5\/59\/L.53 of the Fifth Committee of the UN General Assembly formally endorsed the financing of staffing and operational costs for disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion activities), which allows the use of the assessed budget for DDR during peacekeeping activities. The resolution agreed that the demo- bilization process must provide \u201ctransitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools.\u201d However, committed funding for reintegration programming remains a key issue.Due to the challenges faced when mobilizing resources and funding, it is essential that DDR funding arrangements remain flexible. As past experience shows, strict alloca- tion of funds for specific DDR components (e.g. reintegration only) or expenditures (e.g. logistics and equipment) reinforces an artificial distinction between the different phases of DDR. Cooperation with projects and programmes or interventions by bilateral donors may work to fill this gap. For more information on funding and resource mobilization see Module 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.Finally, ensuring the formulation of gender-responsive budgets and better tracking of spending and resource allocation on gender issues in DDR programmes would be an important accountability tool for the UN system internally, as well as for the host country and population.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":867, "Sentence":"Reintegration programmes\u2019 scope, commencement and timeframe are subject to funding availability, meaning implementation can frequently be delayed due to late or absent dis- bursement of funding.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration programme \u2019 scope commencement timeframe subject funding availability meaning implementation frequently delayed due late absent dis bursement funding ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.7. Resource mobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes\u2019 scope, commencement and timeframe are subject to funding availability, meaning implementation can frequently be delayed due to late or absent dis- bursement of funding. Previous reintegration programmes have faced serious funding problems, as outlined below. However, such examples can be readily used to inform and improve future reintegration initiatives.The move towards integration across the UN could help to solve some of these prob- lems. Resolution A\/C.5\/59\/L.53 of the Fifth Committee of the UN General Assembly formally endorsed the financing of staffing and operational costs for disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion activities), which allows the use of the assessed budget for DDR during peacekeeping activities. The resolution agreed that the demo- bilization process must provide \u201ctransitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools.\u201d However, committed funding for reintegration programming remains a key issue.Due to the challenges faced when mobilizing resources and funding, it is essential that DDR funding arrangements remain flexible. As past experience shows, strict alloca- tion of funds for specific DDR components (e.g. reintegration only) or expenditures (e.g. logistics and equipment) reinforces an artificial distinction between the different phases of DDR. Cooperation with projects and programmes or interventions by bilateral donors may work to fill this gap. For more information on funding and resource mobilization see Module 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.Finally, ensuring the formulation of gender-responsive budgets and better tracking of spending and resource allocation on gender issues in DDR programmes would be an important accountability tool for the UN system internally, as well as for the host country and population.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":867, "Sentence":"Previous reintegration programmes have faced serious funding problems, as outlined below.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration previous reintegration programme faced serious funding problem outlined ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.7. Resource mobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes\u2019 scope, commencement and timeframe are subject to funding availability, meaning implementation can frequently be delayed due to late or absent dis- bursement of funding. Previous reintegration programmes have faced serious funding problems, as outlined below. However, such examples can be readily used to inform and improve future reintegration initiatives.The move towards integration across the UN could help to solve some of these prob- lems. Resolution A\/C.5\/59\/L.53 of the Fifth Committee of the UN General Assembly formally endorsed the financing of staffing and operational costs for disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion activities), which allows the use of the assessed budget for DDR during peacekeeping activities. The resolution agreed that the demo- bilization process must provide \u201ctransitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools.\u201d However, committed funding for reintegration programming remains a key issue.Due to the challenges faced when mobilizing resources and funding, it is essential that DDR funding arrangements remain flexible. As past experience shows, strict alloca- tion of funds for specific DDR components (e.g. reintegration only) or expenditures (e.g. logistics and equipment) reinforces an artificial distinction between the different phases of DDR. Cooperation with projects and programmes or interventions by bilateral donors may work to fill this gap. For more information on funding and resource mobilization see Module 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.Finally, ensuring the formulation of gender-responsive budgets and better tracking of spending and resource allocation on gender issues in DDR programmes would be an important accountability tool for the UN system internally, as well as for the host country and population.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":867, "Sentence":"However, such examples can be readily used to inform and improve future reintegration initiatives.The move towards integration across the UN could help to solve some of these prob- lems.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration however example readily used inform improve future reintegration initiatives.the move towards integration across un could help solve prob lem ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.7. Resource mobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes\u2019 scope, commencement and timeframe are subject to funding availability, meaning implementation can frequently be delayed due to late or absent dis- bursement of funding. Previous reintegration programmes have faced serious funding problems, as outlined below. However, such examples can be readily used to inform and improve future reintegration initiatives.The move towards integration across the UN could help to solve some of these prob- lems. Resolution A\/C.5\/59\/L.53 of the Fifth Committee of the UN General Assembly formally endorsed the financing of staffing and operational costs for disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion activities), which allows the use of the assessed budget for DDR during peacekeeping activities. The resolution agreed that the demo- bilization process must provide \u201ctransitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools.\u201d However, committed funding for reintegration programming remains a key issue.Due to the challenges faced when mobilizing resources and funding, it is essential that DDR funding arrangements remain flexible. As past experience shows, strict alloca- tion of funds for specific DDR components (e.g. reintegration only) or expenditures (e.g. logistics and equipment) reinforces an artificial distinction between the different phases of DDR. Cooperation with projects and programmes or interventions by bilateral donors may work to fill this gap. For more information on funding and resource mobilization see Module 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.Finally, ensuring the formulation of gender-responsive budgets and better tracking of spending and resource allocation on gender issues in DDR programmes would be an important accountability tool for the UN system internally, as well as for the host country and population.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":867, "Sentence":"Resolution A\/C.5\/59\/L.53 of the Fifth Committee of the UN General Assembly formally endorsed the financing of staffing and operational costs for disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion activities), which allows the use of the assessed budget for DDR during peacekeeping activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration resolution a\/c.5\/59\/l.53 fifth committee un general assembly formally endorsed financing staffing operational cost disarmament demobilization including reinsertion activity allows use assessed budget ddr peacekeeping activity ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.7. Resource mobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes\u2019 scope, commencement and timeframe are subject to funding availability, meaning implementation can frequently be delayed due to late or absent dis- bursement of funding. Previous reintegration programmes have faced serious funding problems, as outlined below. However, such examples can be readily used to inform and improve future reintegration initiatives.The move towards integration across the UN could help to solve some of these prob- lems. Resolution A\/C.5\/59\/L.53 of the Fifth Committee of the UN General Assembly formally endorsed the financing of staffing and operational costs for disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion activities), which allows the use of the assessed budget for DDR during peacekeeping activities. The resolution agreed that the demo- bilization process must provide \u201ctransitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools.\u201d However, committed funding for reintegration programming remains a key issue.Due to the challenges faced when mobilizing resources and funding, it is essential that DDR funding arrangements remain flexible. As past experience shows, strict alloca- tion of funds for specific DDR components (e.g. reintegration only) or expenditures (e.g. logistics and equipment) reinforces an artificial distinction between the different phases of DDR. Cooperation with projects and programmes or interventions by bilateral donors may work to fill this gap. For more information on funding and resource mobilization see Module 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.Finally, ensuring the formulation of gender-responsive budgets and better tracking of spending and resource allocation on gender issues in DDR programmes would be an important accountability tool for the UN system internally, as well as for the host country and population.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":867, "Sentence":"The resolution agreed that the demo- bilization process must provide \u201ctransitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools.\u201d However, committed funding for reintegration programming remains a key issue.Due to the challenges faced when mobilizing resources and funding, it is essential that DDR funding arrangements remain flexible.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration resolution agreed demo bilization process must provide \u201c transitional assistance help cover basic need excombatants family include transitional safety allowance food clothes shelter medical service shortterm education training employment tools. \u201d however committed funding reintegration programming remains key issue.due challenge faced mobilizing resource funding essential ddr funding arrangement remain flexible ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.7. Resource mobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes\u2019 scope, commencement and timeframe are subject to funding availability, meaning implementation can frequently be delayed due to late or absent dis- bursement of funding. Previous reintegration programmes have faced serious funding problems, as outlined below. However, such examples can be readily used to inform and improve future reintegration initiatives.The move towards integration across the UN could help to solve some of these prob- lems. Resolution A\/C.5\/59\/L.53 of the Fifth Committee of the UN General Assembly formally endorsed the financing of staffing and operational costs for disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion activities), which allows the use of the assessed budget for DDR during peacekeeping activities. The resolution agreed that the demo- bilization process must provide \u201ctransitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools.\u201d However, committed funding for reintegration programming remains a key issue.Due to the challenges faced when mobilizing resources and funding, it is essential that DDR funding arrangements remain flexible. As past experience shows, strict alloca- tion of funds for specific DDR components (e.g. reintegration only) or expenditures (e.g. logistics and equipment) reinforces an artificial distinction between the different phases of DDR. Cooperation with projects and programmes or interventions by bilateral donors may work to fill this gap. For more information on funding and resource mobilization see Module 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.Finally, ensuring the formulation of gender-responsive budgets and better tracking of spending and resource allocation on gender issues in DDR programmes would be an important accountability tool for the UN system internally, as well as for the host country and population.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":867, "Sentence":"As past experience shows, strict alloca- tion of funds for specific DDR components (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration past experience show strict alloca tion fund specific ddr component e.g ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.7. Resource mobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes\u2019 scope, commencement and timeframe are subject to funding availability, meaning implementation can frequently be delayed due to late or absent dis- bursement of funding. Previous reintegration programmes have faced serious funding problems, as outlined below. However, such examples can be readily used to inform and improve future reintegration initiatives.The move towards integration across the UN could help to solve some of these prob- lems. Resolution A\/C.5\/59\/L.53 of the Fifth Committee of the UN General Assembly formally endorsed the financing of staffing and operational costs for disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion activities), which allows the use of the assessed budget for DDR during peacekeeping activities. The resolution agreed that the demo- bilization process must provide \u201ctransitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools.\u201d However, committed funding for reintegration programming remains a key issue.Due to the challenges faced when mobilizing resources and funding, it is essential that DDR funding arrangements remain flexible. As past experience shows, strict alloca- tion of funds for specific DDR components (e.g. reintegration only) or expenditures (e.g. logistics and equipment) reinforces an artificial distinction between the different phases of DDR. Cooperation with projects and programmes or interventions by bilateral donors may work to fill this gap. For more information on funding and resource mobilization see Module 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.Finally, ensuring the formulation of gender-responsive budgets and better tracking of spending and resource allocation on gender issues in DDR programmes would be an important accountability tool for the UN system internally, as well as for the host country and population.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":867, "Sentence":"reintegration only) or expenditures (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration expenditure e.g ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.7. Resource mobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes\u2019 scope, commencement and timeframe are subject to funding availability, meaning implementation can frequently be delayed due to late or absent dis- bursement of funding. Previous reintegration programmes have faced serious funding problems, as outlined below. However, such examples can be readily used to inform and improve future reintegration initiatives.The move towards integration across the UN could help to solve some of these prob- lems. Resolution A\/C.5\/59\/L.53 of the Fifth Committee of the UN General Assembly formally endorsed the financing of staffing and operational costs for disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion activities), which allows the use of the assessed budget for DDR during peacekeeping activities. The resolution agreed that the demo- bilization process must provide \u201ctransitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools.\u201d However, committed funding for reintegration programming remains a key issue.Due to the challenges faced when mobilizing resources and funding, it is essential that DDR funding arrangements remain flexible. As past experience shows, strict alloca- tion of funds for specific DDR components (e.g. reintegration only) or expenditures (e.g. logistics and equipment) reinforces an artificial distinction between the different phases of DDR. Cooperation with projects and programmes or interventions by bilateral donors may work to fill this gap. For more information on funding and resource mobilization see Module 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.Finally, ensuring the formulation of gender-responsive budgets and better tracking of spending and resource allocation on gender issues in DDR programmes would be an important accountability tool for the UN system internally, as well as for the host country and population.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":867, "Sentence":"logistics and equipment) reinforces an artificial distinction between the different phases of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration logistics equipment reinforces artificial distinction different phase ddr ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.7. Resource mobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes\u2019 scope, commencement and timeframe are subject to funding availability, meaning implementation can frequently be delayed due to late or absent dis- bursement of funding. Previous reintegration programmes have faced serious funding problems, as outlined below. However, such examples can be readily used to inform and improve future reintegration initiatives.The move towards integration across the UN could help to solve some of these prob- lems. Resolution A\/C.5\/59\/L.53 of the Fifth Committee of the UN General Assembly formally endorsed the financing of staffing and operational costs for disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion activities), which allows the use of the assessed budget for DDR during peacekeeping activities. The resolution agreed that the demo- bilization process must provide \u201ctransitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools.\u201d However, committed funding for reintegration programming remains a key issue.Due to the challenges faced when mobilizing resources and funding, it is essential that DDR funding arrangements remain flexible. As past experience shows, strict alloca- tion of funds for specific DDR components (e.g. reintegration only) or expenditures (e.g. logistics and equipment) reinforces an artificial distinction between the different phases of DDR. Cooperation with projects and programmes or interventions by bilateral donors may work to fill this gap. For more information on funding and resource mobilization see Module 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.Finally, ensuring the formulation of gender-responsive budgets and better tracking of spending and resource allocation on gender issues in DDR programmes would be an important accountability tool for the UN system internally, as well as for the host country and population.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":867, "Sentence":"Cooperation with projects and programmes or interventions by bilateral donors may work to fill this gap.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration cooperation project programme intervention bilateral donor may work fill gap ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"8. Programme planning and design", "Heading2":"8.2. Reintegration design", "Heading3":"8.2.7. Resource mobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes\u2019 scope, commencement and timeframe are subject to funding availability, meaning implementation can frequently be delayed due to late or absent dis- bursement of funding. Previous reintegration programmes have faced serious funding problems, as outlined below. However, such examples can be readily used to inform and improve future reintegration initiatives.The move towards integration across the UN could help to solve some of these prob- lems. Resolution A\/C.5\/59\/L.53 of the Fifth Committee of the UN General Assembly formally endorsed the financing of staffing and operational costs for disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion activities), which allows the use of the assessed budget for DDR during peacekeeping activities. The resolution agreed that the demo- bilization process must provide \u201ctransitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools.\u201d However, committed funding for reintegration programming remains a key issue.Due to the challenges faced when mobilizing resources and funding, it is essential that DDR funding arrangements remain flexible. As past experience shows, strict alloca- tion of funds for specific DDR components (e.g. reintegration only) or expenditures (e.g. logistics and equipment) reinforces an artificial distinction between the different phases of DDR. Cooperation with projects and programmes or interventions by bilateral donors may work to fill this gap. For more information on funding and resource mobilization see Module 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.Finally, ensuring the formulation of gender-responsive budgets and better tracking of spending and resource allocation on gender issues in DDR programmes would be an important accountability tool for the UN system internally, as well as for the host country and population.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":867, "Sentence":"For more information on funding and resource mobilization see Module 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting.Finally, ensuring the formulation of gender-responsive budgets and better tracking of spending and resource allocation on gender issues in DDR programmes would be an important accountability tool for the UN system internally, as well as for the host country and population.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration information funding resource mobilization see module 3.41 finance budgeting.finally ensuring formulation genderresponsive budget better tracking spending resource allocation gender issue ddr programme would important accountability tool un system internally well host country population ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The end of hostilities does not automatically result in an improvement of economic condi- tions. The war economy may still be in full-force and understanding its effects on labour markets, private security and public sector activities is essential to ensuring successful economic reintegration. Access to those productive assets (such as land, capital, technol- ogy, natural resources and markets) needed for reintegration, for example, may be limited. At the end of a conflict there is often an abrupt release into the labour market of thousands of ex-combatants who compete with ordinary civilians for extremely scarce jobs and live- lihood opportunities. In such circumstances, ex-combatants and vulnerable youth may turn to illicit activities such as organized crime, banditry, illegal exploitation of natural resources and other socially harmful and violent activities. Providing immediate support for the reintegration of ex-combatants is therefore vital to help develop alternatives to vio- lence-based livelihoods and to enhance security.Creating economic opportunities is essential to helping ex-combatants (re-) build their civilian lives and develop alternatives to violence-based livelihoods. Ex-combatants in many contexts have consistently identified an alternative livelihood and the ability to generate income as key factors to their successful reintegration. Many have also indicated that being able to provide for family is particularly important in establishing their sense of identity, the level of respect they receive in communities, and to ensuring a healthy self-esteem.Efforts should be made by reintegration programmes to pave the way for decent and sustainable work. Decent work involves employment opportunities that are productive and deliver a fair income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families, offer prospects for personal development and encourage social integra- tion, and give people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives. Furthermore, decent work guarantees equal oppor- tunities and equal treatment for all.1 Reintegration programmes should be particularly careful not to lead girls or boys, young women or men, into any forms of hazardous work. In addition, women and girls who choose to self-reintegrate should be offered support mechanisms within their communities, such as vocational training to gain economic live- lihoods and decent work.Support for reintegration should go beyond placing programme participants in survival occupations and trades, although as alluded to earlier it may be necessary to develop interim stabilization programmes during reinsertion, such as labour intensive public works, to buy time and space to establish more sustainable programming. Atten- tion should be paid to the specific needs of the agricultural industry, as this sector is likely to absorb most of those returning to rural areas in the aftermath of conflict. Availability of land, soil conditions, access to water and irrigation infrastructure, availability of seed vari- etals and support for value-added production or processing should be expertly evaluatedProgress towards economic reintegration can typically be monitored using quantitative tools like surveys based on small representative samples. Recovery and sustainable employment creation should be a priority national or regional level effort, and local level reintegration programmes should make all efforts to link to national economic policies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":868, "Sentence":"The end of hostilities does not automatically result in an improvement of economic condi- tions.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration end hostility automatically result improvement economic condi tions ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The end of hostilities does not automatically result in an improvement of economic condi- tions. The war economy may still be in full-force and understanding its effects on labour markets, private security and public sector activities is essential to ensuring successful economic reintegration. Access to those productive assets (such as land, capital, technol- ogy, natural resources and markets) needed for reintegration, for example, may be limited. At the end of a conflict there is often an abrupt release into the labour market of thousands of ex-combatants who compete with ordinary civilians for extremely scarce jobs and live- lihood opportunities. In such circumstances, ex-combatants and vulnerable youth may turn to illicit activities such as organized crime, banditry, illegal exploitation of natural resources and other socially harmful and violent activities. Providing immediate support for the reintegration of ex-combatants is therefore vital to help develop alternatives to vio- lence-based livelihoods and to enhance security.Creating economic opportunities is essential to helping ex-combatants (re-) build their civilian lives and develop alternatives to violence-based livelihoods. Ex-combatants in many contexts have consistently identified an alternative livelihood and the ability to generate income as key factors to their successful reintegration. Many have also indicated that being able to provide for family is particularly important in establishing their sense of identity, the level of respect they receive in communities, and to ensuring a healthy self-esteem.Efforts should be made by reintegration programmes to pave the way for decent and sustainable work. Decent work involves employment opportunities that are productive and deliver a fair income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families, offer prospects for personal development and encourage social integra- tion, and give people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives. Furthermore, decent work guarantees equal oppor- tunities and equal treatment for all.1 Reintegration programmes should be particularly careful not to lead girls or boys, young women or men, into any forms of hazardous work. In addition, women and girls who choose to self-reintegrate should be offered support mechanisms within their communities, such as vocational training to gain economic live- lihoods and decent work.Support for reintegration should go beyond placing programme participants in survival occupations and trades, although as alluded to earlier it may be necessary to develop interim stabilization programmes during reinsertion, such as labour intensive public works, to buy time and space to establish more sustainable programming. Atten- tion should be paid to the specific needs of the agricultural industry, as this sector is likely to absorb most of those returning to rural areas in the aftermath of conflict. Availability of land, soil conditions, access to water and irrigation infrastructure, availability of seed vari- etals and support for value-added production or processing should be expertly evaluatedProgress towards economic reintegration can typically be monitored using quantitative tools like surveys based on small representative samples. Recovery and sustainable employment creation should be a priority national or regional level effort, and local level reintegration programmes should make all efforts to link to national economic policies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":868, "Sentence":"The war economy may still be in full-force and understanding its effects on labour markets, private security and public sector activities is essential to ensuring successful economic reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration war economy may still fullforce understanding effect labour market private security public sector activity essential ensuring successful economic reintegration ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The end of hostilities does not automatically result in an improvement of economic condi- tions. The war economy may still be in full-force and understanding its effects on labour markets, private security and public sector activities is essential to ensuring successful economic reintegration. Access to those productive assets (such as land, capital, technol- ogy, natural resources and markets) needed for reintegration, for example, may be limited. At the end of a conflict there is often an abrupt release into the labour market of thousands of ex-combatants who compete with ordinary civilians for extremely scarce jobs and live- lihood opportunities. In such circumstances, ex-combatants and vulnerable youth may turn to illicit activities such as organized crime, banditry, illegal exploitation of natural resources and other socially harmful and violent activities. Providing immediate support for the reintegration of ex-combatants is therefore vital to help develop alternatives to vio- lence-based livelihoods and to enhance security.Creating economic opportunities is essential to helping ex-combatants (re-) build their civilian lives and develop alternatives to violence-based livelihoods. Ex-combatants in many contexts have consistently identified an alternative livelihood and the ability to generate income as key factors to their successful reintegration. Many have also indicated that being able to provide for family is particularly important in establishing their sense of identity, the level of respect they receive in communities, and to ensuring a healthy self-esteem.Efforts should be made by reintegration programmes to pave the way for decent and sustainable work. Decent work involves employment opportunities that are productive and deliver a fair income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families, offer prospects for personal development and encourage social integra- tion, and give people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives. Furthermore, decent work guarantees equal oppor- tunities and equal treatment for all.1 Reintegration programmes should be particularly careful not to lead girls or boys, young women or men, into any forms of hazardous work. In addition, women and girls who choose to self-reintegrate should be offered support mechanisms within their communities, such as vocational training to gain economic live- lihoods and decent work.Support for reintegration should go beyond placing programme participants in survival occupations and trades, although as alluded to earlier it may be necessary to develop interim stabilization programmes during reinsertion, such as labour intensive public works, to buy time and space to establish more sustainable programming. Atten- tion should be paid to the specific needs of the agricultural industry, as this sector is likely to absorb most of those returning to rural areas in the aftermath of conflict. Availability of land, soil conditions, access to water and irrigation infrastructure, availability of seed vari- etals and support for value-added production or processing should be expertly evaluatedProgress towards economic reintegration can typically be monitored using quantitative tools like surveys based on small representative samples. Recovery and sustainable employment creation should be a priority national or regional level effort, and local level reintegration programmes should make all efforts to link to national economic policies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":868, "Sentence":"Access to those productive assets (such as land, capital, technol- ogy, natural resources and markets) needed for reintegration, for example, may be limited.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration access productive asset land capital technol ogy natural resource market needed reintegration example may limited ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The end of hostilities does not automatically result in an improvement of economic condi- tions. The war economy may still be in full-force and understanding its effects on labour markets, private security and public sector activities is essential to ensuring successful economic reintegration. Access to those productive assets (such as land, capital, technol- ogy, natural resources and markets) needed for reintegration, for example, may be limited. At the end of a conflict there is often an abrupt release into the labour market of thousands of ex-combatants who compete with ordinary civilians for extremely scarce jobs and live- lihood opportunities. In such circumstances, ex-combatants and vulnerable youth may turn to illicit activities such as organized crime, banditry, illegal exploitation of natural resources and other socially harmful and violent activities. Providing immediate support for the reintegration of ex-combatants is therefore vital to help develop alternatives to vio- lence-based livelihoods and to enhance security.Creating economic opportunities is essential to helping ex-combatants (re-) build their civilian lives and develop alternatives to violence-based livelihoods. Ex-combatants in many contexts have consistently identified an alternative livelihood and the ability to generate income as key factors to their successful reintegration. Many have also indicated that being able to provide for family is particularly important in establishing their sense of identity, the level of respect they receive in communities, and to ensuring a healthy self-esteem.Efforts should be made by reintegration programmes to pave the way for decent and sustainable work. Decent work involves employment opportunities that are productive and deliver a fair income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families, offer prospects for personal development and encourage social integra- tion, and give people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives. Furthermore, decent work guarantees equal oppor- tunities and equal treatment for all.1 Reintegration programmes should be particularly careful not to lead girls or boys, young women or men, into any forms of hazardous work. In addition, women and girls who choose to self-reintegrate should be offered support mechanisms within their communities, such as vocational training to gain economic live- lihoods and decent work.Support for reintegration should go beyond placing programme participants in survival occupations and trades, although as alluded to earlier it may be necessary to develop interim stabilization programmes during reinsertion, such as labour intensive public works, to buy time and space to establish more sustainable programming. Atten- tion should be paid to the specific needs of the agricultural industry, as this sector is likely to absorb most of those returning to rural areas in the aftermath of conflict. Availability of land, soil conditions, access to water and irrigation infrastructure, availability of seed vari- etals and support for value-added production or processing should be expertly evaluatedProgress towards economic reintegration can typically be monitored using quantitative tools like surveys based on small representative samples. Recovery and sustainable employment creation should be a priority national or regional level effort, and local level reintegration programmes should make all efforts to link to national economic policies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":868, "Sentence":"At the end of a conflict there is often an abrupt release into the labour market of thousands of ex-combatants who compete with ordinary civilians for extremely scarce jobs and live- lihood opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration end conflict often abrupt release labour market thousand excombatants compete ordinary civilian extremely scarce job live lihood opportunity ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The end of hostilities does not automatically result in an improvement of economic condi- tions. The war economy may still be in full-force and understanding its effects on labour markets, private security and public sector activities is essential to ensuring successful economic reintegration. Access to those productive assets (such as land, capital, technol- ogy, natural resources and markets) needed for reintegration, for example, may be limited. At the end of a conflict there is often an abrupt release into the labour market of thousands of ex-combatants who compete with ordinary civilians for extremely scarce jobs and live- lihood opportunities. In such circumstances, ex-combatants and vulnerable youth may turn to illicit activities such as organized crime, banditry, illegal exploitation of natural resources and other socially harmful and violent activities. Providing immediate support for the reintegration of ex-combatants is therefore vital to help develop alternatives to vio- lence-based livelihoods and to enhance security.Creating economic opportunities is essential to helping ex-combatants (re-) build their civilian lives and develop alternatives to violence-based livelihoods. Ex-combatants in many contexts have consistently identified an alternative livelihood and the ability to generate income as key factors to their successful reintegration. Many have also indicated that being able to provide for family is particularly important in establishing their sense of identity, the level of respect they receive in communities, and to ensuring a healthy self-esteem.Efforts should be made by reintegration programmes to pave the way for decent and sustainable work. Decent work involves employment opportunities that are productive and deliver a fair income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families, offer prospects for personal development and encourage social integra- tion, and give people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives. Furthermore, decent work guarantees equal oppor- tunities and equal treatment for all.1 Reintegration programmes should be particularly careful not to lead girls or boys, young women or men, into any forms of hazardous work. In addition, women and girls who choose to self-reintegrate should be offered support mechanisms within their communities, such as vocational training to gain economic live- lihoods and decent work.Support for reintegration should go beyond placing programme participants in survival occupations and trades, although as alluded to earlier it may be necessary to develop interim stabilization programmes during reinsertion, such as labour intensive public works, to buy time and space to establish more sustainable programming. Atten- tion should be paid to the specific needs of the agricultural industry, as this sector is likely to absorb most of those returning to rural areas in the aftermath of conflict. Availability of land, soil conditions, access to water and irrigation infrastructure, availability of seed vari- etals and support for value-added production or processing should be expertly evaluatedProgress towards economic reintegration can typically be monitored using quantitative tools like surveys based on small representative samples. Recovery and sustainable employment creation should be a priority national or regional level effort, and local level reintegration programmes should make all efforts to link to national economic policies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":868, "Sentence":"In such circumstances, ex-combatants and vulnerable youth may turn to illicit activities such as organized crime, banditry, illegal exploitation of natural resources and other socially harmful and violent activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration circumstance excombatants vulnerable youth may turn illicit activity organized crime banditry illegal exploitation natural resource socially harmful violent activity ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The end of hostilities does not automatically result in an improvement of economic condi- tions. The war economy may still be in full-force and understanding its effects on labour markets, private security and public sector activities is essential to ensuring successful economic reintegration. Access to those productive assets (such as land, capital, technol- ogy, natural resources and markets) needed for reintegration, for example, may be limited. At the end of a conflict there is often an abrupt release into the labour market of thousands of ex-combatants who compete with ordinary civilians for extremely scarce jobs and live- lihood opportunities. In such circumstances, ex-combatants and vulnerable youth may turn to illicit activities such as organized crime, banditry, illegal exploitation of natural resources and other socially harmful and violent activities. Providing immediate support for the reintegration of ex-combatants is therefore vital to help develop alternatives to vio- lence-based livelihoods and to enhance security.Creating economic opportunities is essential to helping ex-combatants (re-) build their civilian lives and develop alternatives to violence-based livelihoods. Ex-combatants in many contexts have consistently identified an alternative livelihood and the ability to generate income as key factors to their successful reintegration. Many have also indicated that being able to provide for family is particularly important in establishing their sense of identity, the level of respect they receive in communities, and to ensuring a healthy self-esteem.Efforts should be made by reintegration programmes to pave the way for decent and sustainable work. Decent work involves employment opportunities that are productive and deliver a fair income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families, offer prospects for personal development and encourage social integra- tion, and give people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives. Furthermore, decent work guarantees equal oppor- tunities and equal treatment for all.1 Reintegration programmes should be particularly careful not to lead girls or boys, young women or men, into any forms of hazardous work. In addition, women and girls who choose to self-reintegrate should be offered support mechanisms within their communities, such as vocational training to gain economic live- lihoods and decent work.Support for reintegration should go beyond placing programme participants in survival occupations and trades, although as alluded to earlier it may be necessary to develop interim stabilization programmes during reinsertion, such as labour intensive public works, to buy time and space to establish more sustainable programming. Atten- tion should be paid to the specific needs of the agricultural industry, as this sector is likely to absorb most of those returning to rural areas in the aftermath of conflict. Availability of land, soil conditions, access to water and irrigation infrastructure, availability of seed vari- etals and support for value-added production or processing should be expertly evaluatedProgress towards economic reintegration can typically be monitored using quantitative tools like surveys based on small representative samples. Recovery and sustainable employment creation should be a priority national or regional level effort, and local level reintegration programmes should make all efforts to link to national economic policies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":868, "Sentence":"Providing immediate support for the reintegration of ex-combatants is therefore vital to help develop alternatives to vio- lence-based livelihoods and to enhance security.Creating economic opportunities is essential to helping ex-combatants (re-) build their civilian lives and develop alternatives to violence-based livelihoods.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration providing immediate support reintegration excombatants therefore vital help develop alternative vio lencebased livelihood enhance security.creating economic opportunity essential helping excombatants build civilian life develop alternative violencebased livelihood ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The end of hostilities does not automatically result in an improvement of economic condi- tions. The war economy may still be in full-force and understanding its effects on labour markets, private security and public sector activities is essential to ensuring successful economic reintegration. Access to those productive assets (such as land, capital, technol- ogy, natural resources and markets) needed for reintegration, for example, may be limited. At the end of a conflict there is often an abrupt release into the labour market of thousands of ex-combatants who compete with ordinary civilians for extremely scarce jobs and live- lihood opportunities. In such circumstances, ex-combatants and vulnerable youth may turn to illicit activities such as organized crime, banditry, illegal exploitation of natural resources and other socially harmful and violent activities. Providing immediate support for the reintegration of ex-combatants is therefore vital to help develop alternatives to vio- lence-based livelihoods and to enhance security.Creating economic opportunities is essential to helping ex-combatants (re-) build their civilian lives and develop alternatives to violence-based livelihoods. Ex-combatants in many contexts have consistently identified an alternative livelihood and the ability to generate income as key factors to their successful reintegration. Many have also indicated that being able to provide for family is particularly important in establishing their sense of identity, the level of respect they receive in communities, and to ensuring a healthy self-esteem.Efforts should be made by reintegration programmes to pave the way for decent and sustainable work. Decent work involves employment opportunities that are productive and deliver a fair income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families, offer prospects for personal development and encourage social integra- tion, and give people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives. Furthermore, decent work guarantees equal oppor- tunities and equal treatment for all.1 Reintegration programmes should be particularly careful not to lead girls or boys, young women or men, into any forms of hazardous work. In addition, women and girls who choose to self-reintegrate should be offered support mechanisms within their communities, such as vocational training to gain economic live- lihoods and decent work.Support for reintegration should go beyond placing programme participants in survival occupations and trades, although as alluded to earlier it may be necessary to develop interim stabilization programmes during reinsertion, such as labour intensive public works, to buy time and space to establish more sustainable programming. Atten- tion should be paid to the specific needs of the agricultural industry, as this sector is likely to absorb most of those returning to rural areas in the aftermath of conflict. Availability of land, soil conditions, access to water and irrigation infrastructure, availability of seed vari- etals and support for value-added production or processing should be expertly evaluatedProgress towards economic reintegration can typically be monitored using quantitative tools like surveys based on small representative samples. Recovery and sustainable employment creation should be a priority national or regional level effort, and local level reintegration programmes should make all efforts to link to national economic policies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":868, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants in many contexts have consistently identified an alternative livelihood and the ability to generate income as key factors to their successful reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration excombatants many context consistently identified alternative livelihood ability generate income key factor successful reintegration ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The end of hostilities does not automatically result in an improvement of economic condi- tions. The war economy may still be in full-force and understanding its effects on labour markets, private security and public sector activities is essential to ensuring successful economic reintegration. Access to those productive assets (such as land, capital, technol- ogy, natural resources and markets) needed for reintegration, for example, may be limited. At the end of a conflict there is often an abrupt release into the labour market of thousands of ex-combatants who compete with ordinary civilians for extremely scarce jobs and live- lihood opportunities. In such circumstances, ex-combatants and vulnerable youth may turn to illicit activities such as organized crime, banditry, illegal exploitation of natural resources and other socially harmful and violent activities. Providing immediate support for the reintegration of ex-combatants is therefore vital to help develop alternatives to vio- lence-based livelihoods and to enhance security.Creating economic opportunities is essential to helping ex-combatants (re-) build their civilian lives and develop alternatives to violence-based livelihoods. Ex-combatants in many contexts have consistently identified an alternative livelihood and the ability to generate income as key factors to their successful reintegration. Many have also indicated that being able to provide for family is particularly important in establishing their sense of identity, the level of respect they receive in communities, and to ensuring a healthy self-esteem.Efforts should be made by reintegration programmes to pave the way for decent and sustainable work. Decent work involves employment opportunities that are productive and deliver a fair income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families, offer prospects for personal development and encourage social integra- tion, and give people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives. Furthermore, decent work guarantees equal oppor- tunities and equal treatment for all.1 Reintegration programmes should be particularly careful not to lead girls or boys, young women or men, into any forms of hazardous work. In addition, women and girls who choose to self-reintegrate should be offered support mechanisms within their communities, such as vocational training to gain economic live- lihoods and decent work.Support for reintegration should go beyond placing programme participants in survival occupations and trades, although as alluded to earlier it may be necessary to develop interim stabilization programmes during reinsertion, such as labour intensive public works, to buy time and space to establish more sustainable programming. Atten- tion should be paid to the specific needs of the agricultural industry, as this sector is likely to absorb most of those returning to rural areas in the aftermath of conflict. Availability of land, soil conditions, access to water and irrigation infrastructure, availability of seed vari- etals and support for value-added production or processing should be expertly evaluatedProgress towards economic reintegration can typically be monitored using quantitative tools like surveys based on small representative samples. Recovery and sustainable employment creation should be a priority national or regional level effort, and local level reintegration programmes should make all efforts to link to national economic policies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":868, "Sentence":"Many have also indicated that being able to provide for family is particularly important in establishing their sense of identity, the level of respect they receive in communities, and to ensuring a healthy self-esteem.Efforts should be made by reintegration programmes to pave the way for decent and sustainable work.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration many also indicated able provide family particularly important establishing sense identity level respect receive community ensuring healthy selfesteem.efforts made reintegration programme pave way decent sustainable work ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The end of hostilities does not automatically result in an improvement of economic condi- tions. The war economy may still be in full-force and understanding its effects on labour markets, private security and public sector activities is essential to ensuring successful economic reintegration. Access to those productive assets (such as land, capital, technol- ogy, natural resources and markets) needed for reintegration, for example, may be limited. At the end of a conflict there is often an abrupt release into the labour market of thousands of ex-combatants who compete with ordinary civilians for extremely scarce jobs and live- lihood opportunities. In such circumstances, ex-combatants and vulnerable youth may turn to illicit activities such as organized crime, banditry, illegal exploitation of natural resources and other socially harmful and violent activities. Providing immediate support for the reintegration of ex-combatants is therefore vital to help develop alternatives to vio- lence-based livelihoods and to enhance security.Creating economic opportunities is essential to helping ex-combatants (re-) build their civilian lives and develop alternatives to violence-based livelihoods. Ex-combatants in many contexts have consistently identified an alternative livelihood and the ability to generate income as key factors to their successful reintegration. Many have also indicated that being able to provide for family is particularly important in establishing their sense of identity, the level of respect they receive in communities, and to ensuring a healthy self-esteem.Efforts should be made by reintegration programmes to pave the way for decent and sustainable work. Decent work involves employment opportunities that are productive and deliver a fair income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families, offer prospects for personal development and encourage social integra- tion, and give people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives. Furthermore, decent work guarantees equal oppor- tunities and equal treatment for all.1 Reintegration programmes should be particularly careful not to lead girls or boys, young women or men, into any forms of hazardous work. In addition, women and girls who choose to self-reintegrate should be offered support mechanisms within their communities, such as vocational training to gain economic live- lihoods and decent work.Support for reintegration should go beyond placing programme participants in survival occupations and trades, although as alluded to earlier it may be necessary to develop interim stabilization programmes during reinsertion, such as labour intensive public works, to buy time and space to establish more sustainable programming. Atten- tion should be paid to the specific needs of the agricultural industry, as this sector is likely to absorb most of those returning to rural areas in the aftermath of conflict. Availability of land, soil conditions, access to water and irrigation infrastructure, availability of seed vari- etals and support for value-added production or processing should be expertly evaluatedProgress towards economic reintegration can typically be monitored using quantitative tools like surveys based on small representative samples. Recovery and sustainable employment creation should be a priority national or regional level effort, and local level reintegration programmes should make all efforts to link to national economic policies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":868, "Sentence":"Decent work involves employment opportunities that are productive and deliver a fair income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families, offer prospects for personal development and encourage social integra- tion, and give people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration decent work involves employment opportunity productive deliver fair income provide security workplace social protection worker family offer prospect personal development encourage social integra tion give people freedom express concern organize participate decision affect life ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The end of hostilities does not automatically result in an improvement of economic condi- tions. The war economy may still be in full-force and understanding its effects on labour markets, private security and public sector activities is essential to ensuring successful economic reintegration. Access to those productive assets (such as land, capital, technol- ogy, natural resources and markets) needed for reintegration, for example, may be limited. At the end of a conflict there is often an abrupt release into the labour market of thousands of ex-combatants who compete with ordinary civilians for extremely scarce jobs and live- lihood opportunities. In such circumstances, ex-combatants and vulnerable youth may turn to illicit activities such as organized crime, banditry, illegal exploitation of natural resources and other socially harmful and violent activities. Providing immediate support for the reintegration of ex-combatants is therefore vital to help develop alternatives to vio- lence-based livelihoods and to enhance security.Creating economic opportunities is essential to helping ex-combatants (re-) build their civilian lives and develop alternatives to violence-based livelihoods. Ex-combatants in many contexts have consistently identified an alternative livelihood and the ability to generate income as key factors to their successful reintegration. Many have also indicated that being able to provide for family is particularly important in establishing their sense of identity, the level of respect they receive in communities, and to ensuring a healthy self-esteem.Efforts should be made by reintegration programmes to pave the way for decent and sustainable work. Decent work involves employment opportunities that are productive and deliver a fair income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families, offer prospects for personal development and encourage social integra- tion, and give people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives. Furthermore, decent work guarantees equal oppor- tunities and equal treatment for all.1 Reintegration programmes should be particularly careful not to lead girls or boys, young women or men, into any forms of hazardous work. In addition, women and girls who choose to self-reintegrate should be offered support mechanisms within their communities, such as vocational training to gain economic live- lihoods and decent work.Support for reintegration should go beyond placing programme participants in survival occupations and trades, although as alluded to earlier it may be necessary to develop interim stabilization programmes during reinsertion, such as labour intensive public works, to buy time and space to establish more sustainable programming. Atten- tion should be paid to the specific needs of the agricultural industry, as this sector is likely to absorb most of those returning to rural areas in the aftermath of conflict. Availability of land, soil conditions, access to water and irrigation infrastructure, availability of seed vari- etals and support for value-added production or processing should be expertly evaluatedProgress towards economic reintegration can typically be monitored using quantitative tools like surveys based on small representative samples. Recovery and sustainable employment creation should be a priority national or regional level effort, and local level reintegration programmes should make all efforts to link to national economic policies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":868, "Sentence":"Furthermore, decent work guarantees equal oppor- tunities and equal treatment for all.1 Reintegration programmes should be particularly careful not to lead girls or boys, young women or men, into any forms of hazardous work.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration furthermore decent work guarantee equal oppor tunities equal treatment all.1 reintegration programme particularly careful lead girl boy young woman men form hazardous work ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The end of hostilities does not automatically result in an improvement of economic condi- tions. The war economy may still be in full-force and understanding its effects on labour markets, private security and public sector activities is essential to ensuring successful economic reintegration. Access to those productive assets (such as land, capital, technol- ogy, natural resources and markets) needed for reintegration, for example, may be limited. At the end of a conflict there is often an abrupt release into the labour market of thousands of ex-combatants who compete with ordinary civilians for extremely scarce jobs and live- lihood opportunities. In such circumstances, ex-combatants and vulnerable youth may turn to illicit activities such as organized crime, banditry, illegal exploitation of natural resources and other socially harmful and violent activities. Providing immediate support for the reintegration of ex-combatants is therefore vital to help develop alternatives to vio- lence-based livelihoods and to enhance security.Creating economic opportunities is essential to helping ex-combatants (re-) build their civilian lives and develop alternatives to violence-based livelihoods. Ex-combatants in many contexts have consistently identified an alternative livelihood and the ability to generate income as key factors to their successful reintegration. Many have also indicated that being able to provide for family is particularly important in establishing their sense of identity, the level of respect they receive in communities, and to ensuring a healthy self-esteem.Efforts should be made by reintegration programmes to pave the way for decent and sustainable work. Decent work involves employment opportunities that are productive and deliver a fair income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families, offer prospects for personal development and encourage social integra- tion, and give people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives. Furthermore, decent work guarantees equal oppor- tunities and equal treatment for all.1 Reintegration programmes should be particularly careful not to lead girls or boys, young women or men, into any forms of hazardous work. In addition, women and girls who choose to self-reintegrate should be offered support mechanisms within their communities, such as vocational training to gain economic live- lihoods and decent work.Support for reintegration should go beyond placing programme participants in survival occupations and trades, although as alluded to earlier it may be necessary to develop interim stabilization programmes during reinsertion, such as labour intensive public works, to buy time and space to establish more sustainable programming. Atten- tion should be paid to the specific needs of the agricultural industry, as this sector is likely to absorb most of those returning to rural areas in the aftermath of conflict. Availability of land, soil conditions, access to water and irrigation infrastructure, availability of seed vari- etals and support for value-added production or processing should be expertly evaluatedProgress towards economic reintegration can typically be monitored using quantitative tools like surveys based on small representative samples. Recovery and sustainable employment creation should be a priority national or regional level effort, and local level reintegration programmes should make all efforts to link to national economic policies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":868, "Sentence":"In addition, women and girls who choose to self-reintegrate should be offered support mechanisms within their communities, such as vocational training to gain economic live- lihoods and decent work.Support for reintegration should go beyond placing programme participants in survival occupations and trades, although as alluded to earlier it may be necessary to develop interim stabilization programmes during reinsertion, such as labour intensive public works, to buy time and space to establish more sustainable programming.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration addition woman girl choose selfreintegrate offered support mechanism within community vocational training gain economic live lihoods decent work.support reintegration go beyond placing programme participant survival occupation trade although alluded earlier may necessary develop interim stabilization programme reinsertion labour intensive public work buy time space establish sustainable programming ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The end of hostilities does not automatically result in an improvement of economic condi- tions. The war economy may still be in full-force and understanding its effects on labour markets, private security and public sector activities is essential to ensuring successful economic reintegration. Access to those productive assets (such as land, capital, technol- ogy, natural resources and markets) needed for reintegration, for example, may be limited. At the end of a conflict there is often an abrupt release into the labour market of thousands of ex-combatants who compete with ordinary civilians for extremely scarce jobs and live- lihood opportunities. In such circumstances, ex-combatants and vulnerable youth may turn to illicit activities such as organized crime, banditry, illegal exploitation of natural resources and other socially harmful and violent activities. Providing immediate support for the reintegration of ex-combatants is therefore vital to help develop alternatives to vio- lence-based livelihoods and to enhance security.Creating economic opportunities is essential to helping ex-combatants (re-) build their civilian lives and develop alternatives to violence-based livelihoods. Ex-combatants in many contexts have consistently identified an alternative livelihood and the ability to generate income as key factors to their successful reintegration. Many have also indicated that being able to provide for family is particularly important in establishing their sense of identity, the level of respect they receive in communities, and to ensuring a healthy self-esteem.Efforts should be made by reintegration programmes to pave the way for decent and sustainable work. Decent work involves employment opportunities that are productive and deliver a fair income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families, offer prospects for personal development and encourage social integra- tion, and give people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives. Furthermore, decent work guarantees equal oppor- tunities and equal treatment for all.1 Reintegration programmes should be particularly careful not to lead girls or boys, young women or men, into any forms of hazardous work. In addition, women and girls who choose to self-reintegrate should be offered support mechanisms within their communities, such as vocational training to gain economic live- lihoods and decent work.Support for reintegration should go beyond placing programme participants in survival occupations and trades, although as alluded to earlier it may be necessary to develop interim stabilization programmes during reinsertion, such as labour intensive public works, to buy time and space to establish more sustainable programming. Atten- tion should be paid to the specific needs of the agricultural industry, as this sector is likely to absorb most of those returning to rural areas in the aftermath of conflict. Availability of land, soil conditions, access to water and irrigation infrastructure, availability of seed vari- etals and support for value-added production or processing should be expertly evaluatedProgress towards economic reintegration can typically be monitored using quantitative tools like surveys based on small representative samples. Recovery and sustainable employment creation should be a priority national or regional level effort, and local level reintegration programmes should make all efforts to link to national economic policies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":868, "Sentence":"Atten- tion should be paid to the specific needs of the agricultural industry, as this sector is likely to absorb most of those returning to rural areas in the aftermath of conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration atten tion paid specific need agricultural industry sector likely absorb returning rural area aftermath conflict ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The end of hostilities does not automatically result in an improvement of economic condi- tions. The war economy may still be in full-force and understanding its effects on labour markets, private security and public sector activities is essential to ensuring successful economic reintegration. Access to those productive assets (such as land, capital, technol- ogy, natural resources and markets) needed for reintegration, for example, may be limited. At the end of a conflict there is often an abrupt release into the labour market of thousands of ex-combatants who compete with ordinary civilians for extremely scarce jobs and live- lihood opportunities. In such circumstances, ex-combatants and vulnerable youth may turn to illicit activities such as organized crime, banditry, illegal exploitation of natural resources and other socially harmful and violent activities. Providing immediate support for the reintegration of ex-combatants is therefore vital to help develop alternatives to vio- lence-based livelihoods and to enhance security.Creating economic opportunities is essential to helping ex-combatants (re-) build their civilian lives and develop alternatives to violence-based livelihoods. Ex-combatants in many contexts have consistently identified an alternative livelihood and the ability to generate income as key factors to their successful reintegration. Many have also indicated that being able to provide for family is particularly important in establishing their sense of identity, the level of respect they receive in communities, and to ensuring a healthy self-esteem.Efforts should be made by reintegration programmes to pave the way for decent and sustainable work. Decent work involves employment opportunities that are productive and deliver a fair income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families, offer prospects for personal development and encourage social integra- tion, and give people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives. Furthermore, decent work guarantees equal oppor- tunities and equal treatment for all.1 Reintegration programmes should be particularly careful not to lead girls or boys, young women or men, into any forms of hazardous work. In addition, women and girls who choose to self-reintegrate should be offered support mechanisms within their communities, such as vocational training to gain economic live- lihoods and decent work.Support for reintegration should go beyond placing programme participants in survival occupations and trades, although as alluded to earlier it may be necessary to develop interim stabilization programmes during reinsertion, such as labour intensive public works, to buy time and space to establish more sustainable programming. Atten- tion should be paid to the specific needs of the agricultural industry, as this sector is likely to absorb most of those returning to rural areas in the aftermath of conflict. Availability of land, soil conditions, access to water and irrigation infrastructure, availability of seed vari- etals and support for value-added production or processing should be expertly evaluatedProgress towards economic reintegration can typically be monitored using quantitative tools like surveys based on small representative samples. Recovery and sustainable employment creation should be a priority national or regional level effort, and local level reintegration programmes should make all efforts to link to national economic policies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":868, "Sentence":"Availability of land, soil conditions, access to water and irrigation infrastructure, availability of seed vari- etals and support for value-added production or processing should be expertly evaluatedProgress towards economic reintegration can typically be monitored using quantitative tools like surveys based on small representative samples.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration availability land soil condition access water irrigation infrastructure availability seed vari etals support valueadded production processing expertly evaluatedprogress towards economic reintegration typically monitored using quantitative tool like survey based small representative sample ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The end of hostilities does not automatically result in an improvement of economic condi- tions. The war economy may still be in full-force and understanding its effects on labour markets, private security and public sector activities is essential to ensuring successful economic reintegration. Access to those productive assets (such as land, capital, technol- ogy, natural resources and markets) needed for reintegration, for example, may be limited. At the end of a conflict there is often an abrupt release into the labour market of thousands of ex-combatants who compete with ordinary civilians for extremely scarce jobs and live- lihood opportunities. In such circumstances, ex-combatants and vulnerable youth may turn to illicit activities such as organized crime, banditry, illegal exploitation of natural resources and other socially harmful and violent activities. Providing immediate support for the reintegration of ex-combatants is therefore vital to help develop alternatives to vio- lence-based livelihoods and to enhance security.Creating economic opportunities is essential to helping ex-combatants (re-) build their civilian lives and develop alternatives to violence-based livelihoods. Ex-combatants in many contexts have consistently identified an alternative livelihood and the ability to generate income as key factors to their successful reintegration. Many have also indicated that being able to provide for family is particularly important in establishing their sense of identity, the level of respect they receive in communities, and to ensuring a healthy self-esteem.Efforts should be made by reintegration programmes to pave the way for decent and sustainable work. Decent work involves employment opportunities that are productive and deliver a fair income, provide security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families, offer prospects for personal development and encourage social integra- tion, and give people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives. Furthermore, decent work guarantees equal oppor- tunities and equal treatment for all.1 Reintegration programmes should be particularly careful not to lead girls or boys, young women or men, into any forms of hazardous work. In addition, women and girls who choose to self-reintegrate should be offered support mechanisms within their communities, such as vocational training to gain economic live- lihoods and decent work.Support for reintegration should go beyond placing programme participants in survival occupations and trades, although as alluded to earlier it may be necessary to develop interim stabilization programmes during reinsertion, such as labour intensive public works, to buy time and space to establish more sustainable programming. Atten- tion should be paid to the specific needs of the agricultural industry, as this sector is likely to absorb most of those returning to rural areas in the aftermath of conflict. Availability of land, soil conditions, access to water and irrigation infrastructure, availability of seed vari- etals and support for value-added production or processing should be expertly evaluatedProgress towards economic reintegration can typically be monitored using quantitative tools like surveys based on small representative samples. Recovery and sustainable employment creation should be a priority national or regional level effort, and local level reintegration programmes should make all efforts to link to national economic policies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":868, "Sentence":"Recovery and sustainable employment creation should be a priority national or regional level effort, and local level reintegration programmes should make all efforts to link to national economic policies.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration recovery sustainable employment creation priority national regional level effort local level reintegration programme make effort link national economic policy ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.1. United Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Recognizing that employment creation, income generation and reintegration are particu- larly challenging in post-conflict environments, in May 2008 the UN Secretary-General endorsed the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reinte- gration. The objective of the Policy is to scale up and maximize the impact, coherence and efficiency of employment and reintegration support provided to post-conflict countries by UN programmes, funds and specialized agencies.These tracks are: \\n Track A, focused on stabilizing income generation and creating emergency employ- ment and targeting specific conflict-affected individuals, including ex-combatants; \\n Track B, focused on local economic recovery (LER) for employment and reintegration, including in communities ex-combatants and displaced persons chose to return to; and \\n Track C, focused on sustainable employment creation and decent work.The implementation of the three programme tracks should start simultaneously dur- ing peace negotiations, with varying intensity and duration depending on the national\/ local context. This implies that an enabling environment for employment creation needs to be actively promoted by reintegration programmes within the immediate aftermath of conflict. During the implementation of the Policy, specific attention should be given to conflict-affected groups, such as displaced people, returnees and ex-combatants, with particular focus on women and youth who are often marginalized during these processes. This module focuses on interventions that fall primarily under Track B programmes, whereas most reinsertion activities fall under Track A programmes. Track B is the most critical for reintegration as its success is dependent on the adoption of employment crea- tion and income generation strategies, mainly through local economic recovery. See ILO Guidelines on Local Economic Recovery in Post-Conflict (2010). This approach will allow the economy to absorb the numerous new entrants in the labour market and build the foun- dations for creating decent work.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":869, "Sentence":"Recognizing that employment creation, income generation and reintegration are particu- larly challenging in post-conflict environments, in May 2008 the UN Secretary-General endorsed the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reinte- gration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration recognizing employment creation income generation reintegration particu larly challenging postconflict environment may 2008 un secretarygeneral endorsed un policy postconflict employment creation income generation reinte gration ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.1. United Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Recognizing that employment creation, income generation and reintegration are particu- larly challenging in post-conflict environments, in May 2008 the UN Secretary-General endorsed the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reinte- gration. The objective of the Policy is to scale up and maximize the impact, coherence and efficiency of employment and reintegration support provided to post-conflict countries by UN programmes, funds and specialized agencies.These tracks are: \\n Track A, focused on stabilizing income generation and creating emergency employ- ment and targeting specific conflict-affected individuals, including ex-combatants; \\n Track B, focused on local economic recovery (LER) for employment and reintegration, including in communities ex-combatants and displaced persons chose to return to; and \\n Track C, focused on sustainable employment creation and decent work.The implementation of the three programme tracks should start simultaneously dur- ing peace negotiations, with varying intensity and duration depending on the national\/ local context. This implies that an enabling environment for employment creation needs to be actively promoted by reintegration programmes within the immediate aftermath of conflict. During the implementation of the Policy, specific attention should be given to conflict-affected groups, such as displaced people, returnees and ex-combatants, with particular focus on women and youth who are often marginalized during these processes. This module focuses on interventions that fall primarily under Track B programmes, whereas most reinsertion activities fall under Track A programmes. Track B is the most critical for reintegration as its success is dependent on the adoption of employment crea- tion and income generation strategies, mainly through local economic recovery. See ILO Guidelines on Local Economic Recovery in Post-Conflict (2010). This approach will allow the economy to absorb the numerous new entrants in the labour market and build the foun- dations for creating decent work.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":869, "Sentence":"The objective of the Policy is to scale up and maximize the impact, coherence and efficiency of employment and reintegration support provided to post-conflict countries by UN programmes, funds and specialized agencies.These tracks are: \\n Track A, focused on stabilizing income generation and creating emergency employ- ment and targeting specific conflict-affected individuals, including ex-combatants; \\n Track B, focused on local economic recovery (LER) for employment and reintegration, including in communities ex-combatants and displaced persons chose to return to; and \\n Track C, focused on sustainable employment creation and decent work.The implementation of the three programme tracks should start simultaneously dur- ing peace negotiations, with varying intensity and duration depending on the national\/ local context.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration objective policy scale maximize impact coherence efficiency employment reintegration support provided postconflict country un programme fund specialized agencies.these track n track focused stabilizing income generation creating emergency employ ment targeting specific conflictaffected individual including excombatants n track b focused local economic recovery ler employment reintegration including community excombatants displaced person chose return n track c focused sustainable employment creation decent work.the implementation three programme track start simultaneously dur ing peace negotiation varying intensity duration depending national\/ local context ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.1. United Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Recognizing that employment creation, income generation and reintegration are particu- larly challenging in post-conflict environments, in May 2008 the UN Secretary-General endorsed the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reinte- gration. The objective of the Policy is to scale up and maximize the impact, coherence and efficiency of employment and reintegration support provided to post-conflict countries by UN programmes, funds and specialized agencies.These tracks are: \\n Track A, focused on stabilizing income generation and creating emergency employ- ment and targeting specific conflict-affected individuals, including ex-combatants; \\n Track B, focused on local economic recovery (LER) for employment and reintegration, including in communities ex-combatants and displaced persons chose to return to; and \\n Track C, focused on sustainable employment creation and decent work.The implementation of the three programme tracks should start simultaneously dur- ing peace negotiations, with varying intensity and duration depending on the national\/ local context. This implies that an enabling environment for employment creation needs to be actively promoted by reintegration programmes within the immediate aftermath of conflict. During the implementation of the Policy, specific attention should be given to conflict-affected groups, such as displaced people, returnees and ex-combatants, with particular focus on women and youth who are often marginalized during these processes. This module focuses on interventions that fall primarily under Track B programmes, whereas most reinsertion activities fall under Track A programmes. Track B is the most critical for reintegration as its success is dependent on the adoption of employment crea- tion and income generation strategies, mainly through local economic recovery. See ILO Guidelines on Local Economic Recovery in Post-Conflict (2010). This approach will allow the economy to absorb the numerous new entrants in the labour market and build the foun- dations for creating decent work.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":869, "Sentence":"This implies that an enabling environment for employment creation needs to be actively promoted by reintegration programmes within the immediate aftermath of conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration implies enabling environment employment creation need actively promoted reintegration programme within immediate aftermath conflict ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.1. United Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Recognizing that employment creation, income generation and reintegration are particu- larly challenging in post-conflict environments, in May 2008 the UN Secretary-General endorsed the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reinte- gration. The objective of the Policy is to scale up and maximize the impact, coherence and efficiency of employment and reintegration support provided to post-conflict countries by UN programmes, funds and specialized agencies.These tracks are: \\n Track A, focused on stabilizing income generation and creating emergency employ- ment and targeting specific conflict-affected individuals, including ex-combatants; \\n Track B, focused on local economic recovery (LER) for employment and reintegration, including in communities ex-combatants and displaced persons chose to return to; and \\n Track C, focused on sustainable employment creation and decent work.The implementation of the three programme tracks should start simultaneously dur- ing peace negotiations, with varying intensity and duration depending on the national\/ local context. This implies that an enabling environment for employment creation needs to be actively promoted by reintegration programmes within the immediate aftermath of conflict. During the implementation of the Policy, specific attention should be given to conflict-affected groups, such as displaced people, returnees and ex-combatants, with particular focus on women and youth who are often marginalized during these processes. This module focuses on interventions that fall primarily under Track B programmes, whereas most reinsertion activities fall under Track A programmes. Track B is the most critical for reintegration as its success is dependent on the adoption of employment crea- tion and income generation strategies, mainly through local economic recovery. See ILO Guidelines on Local Economic Recovery in Post-Conflict (2010). This approach will allow the economy to absorb the numerous new entrants in the labour market and build the foun- dations for creating decent work.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":869, "Sentence":"During the implementation of the Policy, specific attention should be given to conflict-affected groups, such as displaced people, returnees and ex-combatants, with particular focus on women and youth who are often marginalized during these processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration implementation policy specific attention given conflictaffected group displaced people returnees excombatants particular focus woman youth often marginalized process ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.1. United Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Recognizing that employment creation, income generation and reintegration are particu- larly challenging in post-conflict environments, in May 2008 the UN Secretary-General endorsed the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reinte- gration. The objective of the Policy is to scale up and maximize the impact, coherence and efficiency of employment and reintegration support provided to post-conflict countries by UN programmes, funds and specialized agencies.These tracks are: \\n Track A, focused on stabilizing income generation and creating emergency employ- ment and targeting specific conflict-affected individuals, including ex-combatants; \\n Track B, focused on local economic recovery (LER) for employment and reintegration, including in communities ex-combatants and displaced persons chose to return to; and \\n Track C, focused on sustainable employment creation and decent work.The implementation of the three programme tracks should start simultaneously dur- ing peace negotiations, with varying intensity and duration depending on the national\/ local context. This implies that an enabling environment for employment creation needs to be actively promoted by reintegration programmes within the immediate aftermath of conflict. During the implementation of the Policy, specific attention should be given to conflict-affected groups, such as displaced people, returnees and ex-combatants, with particular focus on women and youth who are often marginalized during these processes. This module focuses on interventions that fall primarily under Track B programmes, whereas most reinsertion activities fall under Track A programmes. Track B is the most critical for reintegration as its success is dependent on the adoption of employment crea- tion and income generation strategies, mainly through local economic recovery. See ILO Guidelines on Local Economic Recovery in Post-Conflict (2010). This approach will allow the economy to absorb the numerous new entrants in the labour market and build the foun- dations for creating decent work.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":869, "Sentence":"This module focuses on interventions that fall primarily under Track B programmes, whereas most reinsertion activities fall under Track A programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration module focus intervention fall primarily track b programme whereas reinsertion activity fall track programme ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.1. United Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Recognizing that employment creation, income generation and reintegration are particu- larly challenging in post-conflict environments, in May 2008 the UN Secretary-General endorsed the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reinte- gration. The objective of the Policy is to scale up and maximize the impact, coherence and efficiency of employment and reintegration support provided to post-conflict countries by UN programmes, funds and specialized agencies.These tracks are: \\n Track A, focused on stabilizing income generation and creating emergency employ- ment and targeting specific conflict-affected individuals, including ex-combatants; \\n Track B, focused on local economic recovery (LER) for employment and reintegration, including in communities ex-combatants and displaced persons chose to return to; and \\n Track C, focused on sustainable employment creation and decent work.The implementation of the three programme tracks should start simultaneously dur- ing peace negotiations, with varying intensity and duration depending on the national\/ local context. This implies that an enabling environment for employment creation needs to be actively promoted by reintegration programmes within the immediate aftermath of conflict. During the implementation of the Policy, specific attention should be given to conflict-affected groups, such as displaced people, returnees and ex-combatants, with particular focus on women and youth who are often marginalized during these processes. This module focuses on interventions that fall primarily under Track B programmes, whereas most reinsertion activities fall under Track A programmes. Track B is the most critical for reintegration as its success is dependent on the adoption of employment crea- tion and income generation strategies, mainly through local economic recovery. See ILO Guidelines on Local Economic Recovery in Post-Conflict (2010). This approach will allow the economy to absorb the numerous new entrants in the labour market and build the foun- dations for creating decent work.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":869, "Sentence":"Track B is the most critical for reintegration as its success is dependent on the adoption of employment crea- tion and income generation strategies, mainly through local economic recovery.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration track b critical reintegration success dependent adoption employment crea tion income generation strategy mainly local economic recovery ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.1. United Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Recognizing that employment creation, income generation and reintegration are particu- larly challenging in post-conflict environments, in May 2008 the UN Secretary-General endorsed the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reinte- gration. The objective of the Policy is to scale up and maximize the impact, coherence and efficiency of employment and reintegration support provided to post-conflict countries by UN programmes, funds and specialized agencies.These tracks are: \\n Track A, focused on stabilizing income generation and creating emergency employ- ment and targeting specific conflict-affected individuals, including ex-combatants; \\n Track B, focused on local economic recovery (LER) for employment and reintegration, including in communities ex-combatants and displaced persons chose to return to; and \\n Track C, focused on sustainable employment creation and decent work.The implementation of the three programme tracks should start simultaneously dur- ing peace negotiations, with varying intensity and duration depending on the national\/ local context. This implies that an enabling environment for employment creation needs to be actively promoted by reintegration programmes within the immediate aftermath of conflict. During the implementation of the Policy, specific attention should be given to conflict-affected groups, such as displaced people, returnees and ex-combatants, with particular focus on women and youth who are often marginalized during these processes. This module focuses on interventions that fall primarily under Track B programmes, whereas most reinsertion activities fall under Track A programmes. Track B is the most critical for reintegration as its success is dependent on the adoption of employment crea- tion and income generation strategies, mainly through local economic recovery. See ILO Guidelines on Local Economic Recovery in Post-Conflict (2010). This approach will allow the economy to absorb the numerous new entrants in the labour market and build the foun- dations for creating decent work.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":869, "Sentence":"See ILO Guidelines on Local Economic Recovery in Post-Conflict (2010).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration see ilo guideline local economic recovery postconflict 2010 ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.1. United Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Recognizing that employment creation, income generation and reintegration are particu- larly challenging in post-conflict environments, in May 2008 the UN Secretary-General endorsed the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reinte- gration. The objective of the Policy is to scale up and maximize the impact, coherence and efficiency of employment and reintegration support provided to post-conflict countries by UN programmes, funds and specialized agencies.These tracks are: \\n Track A, focused on stabilizing income generation and creating emergency employ- ment and targeting specific conflict-affected individuals, including ex-combatants; \\n Track B, focused on local economic recovery (LER) for employment and reintegration, including in communities ex-combatants and displaced persons chose to return to; and \\n Track C, focused on sustainable employment creation and decent work.The implementation of the three programme tracks should start simultaneously dur- ing peace negotiations, with varying intensity and duration depending on the national\/ local context. This implies that an enabling environment for employment creation needs to be actively promoted by reintegration programmes within the immediate aftermath of conflict. During the implementation of the Policy, specific attention should be given to conflict-affected groups, such as displaced people, returnees and ex-combatants, with particular focus on women and youth who are often marginalized during these processes. This module focuses on interventions that fall primarily under Track B programmes, whereas most reinsertion activities fall under Track A programmes. Track B is the most critical for reintegration as its success is dependent on the adoption of employment crea- tion and income generation strategies, mainly through local economic recovery. See ILO Guidelines on Local Economic Recovery in Post-Conflict (2010). This approach will allow the economy to absorb the numerous new entrants in the labour market and build the foun- dations for creating decent work.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":869, "Sentence":"This approach will allow the economy to absorb the numerous new entrants in the labour market and build the foun- dations for creating decent work.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration approach allow economy absorb numerous new entrant labour market build foun dations creating decent work ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.2. Economic reintegration opportunity and mapping surveys", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Early assessment of the opportunities and services open to ex-combatants is vital in the design and planning of a reintegration programme. It should be emphasized that analyses of the labour market need to be regularly updated during the implementation of the rein- tegration programme to ensure relevant responses.Economic reintegration opportunity and mapping surveys should include analy- sis of culturally appropriate professions and\/or trades for men and women of varying age groups, abilities, capacities and literacy levels, recognizing how conflict may have changed cultural norms about gender-appropriate work.However, analyses should not just assess what is culturally appropriate for men and women, but also what women and men want to do. At times, such information may contradict what is or was thought to be culturally appropriate. Acting carefully, reintegration assis- tance should aim to avoid reinforcing traditional gender stereotypes which may only permit women to work in lower paying professional activities. National capacity (such as the Min- istry of Employment or Labour), should be strengthened to perform this task at the national and provincial level, while providers of vocational training and employment services should be equipped to complement these efforts with regular assessments at the local level.Mapping surveys should seek to include detailed information concerning the avail- ability of livelihoods resources and desires by beneficiaries to more efficiently transform these resources into productive assets. A realistic assessment of existing employment opportunities and opportunities that could be supported quickly in the short term by either the public or private sector should also be included.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":870, "Sentence":"Early assessment of the opportunities and services open to ex-combatants is vital in the design and planning of a reintegration programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration early assessment opportunity service open excombatants vital design planning reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.2. Economic reintegration opportunity and mapping surveys", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Early assessment of the opportunities and services open to ex-combatants is vital in the design and planning of a reintegration programme. It should be emphasized that analyses of the labour market need to be regularly updated during the implementation of the rein- tegration programme to ensure relevant responses.Economic reintegration opportunity and mapping surveys should include analy- sis of culturally appropriate professions and\/or trades for men and women of varying age groups, abilities, capacities and literacy levels, recognizing how conflict may have changed cultural norms about gender-appropriate work.However, analyses should not just assess what is culturally appropriate for men and women, but also what women and men want to do. At times, such information may contradict what is or was thought to be culturally appropriate. Acting carefully, reintegration assis- tance should aim to avoid reinforcing traditional gender stereotypes which may only permit women to work in lower paying professional activities. National capacity (such as the Min- istry of Employment or Labour), should be strengthened to perform this task at the national and provincial level, while providers of vocational training and employment services should be equipped to complement these efforts with regular assessments at the local level.Mapping surveys should seek to include detailed information concerning the avail- ability of livelihoods resources and desires by beneficiaries to more efficiently transform these resources into productive assets. A realistic assessment of existing employment opportunities and opportunities that could be supported quickly in the short term by either the public or private sector should also be included.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":870, "Sentence":"It should be emphasized that analyses of the labour market need to be regularly updated during the implementation of the rein- tegration programme to ensure relevant responses.Economic reintegration opportunity and mapping surveys should include analy- sis of culturally appropriate professions and\/or trades for men and women of varying age groups, abilities, capacities and literacy levels, recognizing how conflict may have changed cultural norms about gender-appropriate work.However, analyses should not just assess what is culturally appropriate for men and women, but also what women and men want to do.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration emphasized analysis labour market need regularly updated implementation rein tegration programme ensure relevant responses.economic reintegration opportunity mapping survey include analy si culturally appropriate profession and\/or trade men woman varying age group ability capacity literacy level recognizing conflict may changed cultural norm genderappropriate work.however analysis ass culturally appropriate men woman also woman men want ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.2. Economic reintegration opportunity and mapping surveys", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Early assessment of the opportunities and services open to ex-combatants is vital in the design and planning of a reintegration programme. It should be emphasized that analyses of the labour market need to be regularly updated during the implementation of the rein- tegration programme to ensure relevant responses.Economic reintegration opportunity and mapping surveys should include analy- sis of culturally appropriate professions and\/or trades for men and women of varying age groups, abilities, capacities and literacy levels, recognizing how conflict may have changed cultural norms about gender-appropriate work.However, analyses should not just assess what is culturally appropriate for men and women, but also what women and men want to do. At times, such information may contradict what is or was thought to be culturally appropriate. Acting carefully, reintegration assis- tance should aim to avoid reinforcing traditional gender stereotypes which may only permit women to work in lower paying professional activities. National capacity (such as the Min- istry of Employment or Labour), should be strengthened to perform this task at the national and provincial level, while providers of vocational training and employment services should be equipped to complement these efforts with regular assessments at the local level.Mapping surveys should seek to include detailed information concerning the avail- ability of livelihoods resources and desires by beneficiaries to more efficiently transform these resources into productive assets. A realistic assessment of existing employment opportunities and opportunities that could be supported quickly in the short term by either the public or private sector should also be included.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":870, "Sentence":"At times, such information may contradict what is or was thought to be culturally appropriate.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration time information may contradict thought culturally appropriate ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.2. Economic reintegration opportunity and mapping surveys", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Early assessment of the opportunities and services open to ex-combatants is vital in the design and planning of a reintegration programme. It should be emphasized that analyses of the labour market need to be regularly updated during the implementation of the rein- tegration programme to ensure relevant responses.Economic reintegration opportunity and mapping surveys should include analy- sis of culturally appropriate professions and\/or trades for men and women of varying age groups, abilities, capacities and literacy levels, recognizing how conflict may have changed cultural norms about gender-appropriate work.However, analyses should not just assess what is culturally appropriate for men and women, but also what women and men want to do. At times, such information may contradict what is or was thought to be culturally appropriate. Acting carefully, reintegration assis- tance should aim to avoid reinforcing traditional gender stereotypes which may only permit women to work in lower paying professional activities. National capacity (such as the Min- istry of Employment or Labour), should be strengthened to perform this task at the national and provincial level, while providers of vocational training and employment services should be equipped to complement these efforts with regular assessments at the local level.Mapping surveys should seek to include detailed information concerning the avail- ability of livelihoods resources and desires by beneficiaries to more efficiently transform these resources into productive assets. A realistic assessment of existing employment opportunities and opportunities that could be supported quickly in the short term by either the public or private sector should also be included.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":870, "Sentence":"Acting carefully, reintegration assis- tance should aim to avoid reinforcing traditional gender stereotypes which may only permit women to work in lower paying professional activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration acting carefully reintegration assis tance aim avoid reinforcing traditional gender stereotype may permit woman work lower paying professional activity ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.2. Economic reintegration opportunity and mapping surveys", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Early assessment of the opportunities and services open to ex-combatants is vital in the design and planning of a reintegration programme. It should be emphasized that analyses of the labour market need to be regularly updated during the implementation of the rein- tegration programme to ensure relevant responses.Economic reintegration opportunity and mapping surveys should include analy- sis of culturally appropriate professions and\/or trades for men and women of varying age groups, abilities, capacities and literacy levels, recognizing how conflict may have changed cultural norms about gender-appropriate work.However, analyses should not just assess what is culturally appropriate for men and women, but also what women and men want to do. At times, such information may contradict what is or was thought to be culturally appropriate. Acting carefully, reintegration assis- tance should aim to avoid reinforcing traditional gender stereotypes which may only permit women to work in lower paying professional activities. National capacity (such as the Min- istry of Employment or Labour), should be strengthened to perform this task at the national and provincial level, while providers of vocational training and employment services should be equipped to complement these efforts with regular assessments at the local level.Mapping surveys should seek to include detailed information concerning the avail- ability of livelihoods resources and desires by beneficiaries to more efficiently transform these resources into productive assets. A realistic assessment of existing employment opportunities and opportunities that could be supported quickly in the short term by either the public or private sector should also be included.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":870, "Sentence":"National capacity (such as the Min- istry of Employment or Labour), should be strengthened to perform this task at the national and provincial level, while providers of vocational training and employment services should be equipped to complement these efforts with regular assessments at the local level.Mapping surveys should seek to include detailed information concerning the avail- ability of livelihoods resources and desires by beneficiaries to more efficiently transform these resources into productive assets.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration national capacity min istry employment labour strengthened perform task national provincial level provider vocational training employment service equipped complement effort regular assessment local level.mapping survey seek include detailed information concerning avail ability livelihood resource desire beneficiary efficiently transform resource productive asset ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.2. Economic reintegration opportunity and mapping surveys", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Early assessment of the opportunities and services open to ex-combatants is vital in the design and planning of a reintegration programme. It should be emphasized that analyses of the labour market need to be regularly updated during the implementation of the rein- tegration programme to ensure relevant responses.Economic reintegration opportunity and mapping surveys should include analy- sis of culturally appropriate professions and\/or trades for men and women of varying age groups, abilities, capacities and literacy levels, recognizing how conflict may have changed cultural norms about gender-appropriate work.However, analyses should not just assess what is culturally appropriate for men and women, but also what women and men want to do. At times, such information may contradict what is or was thought to be culturally appropriate. Acting carefully, reintegration assis- tance should aim to avoid reinforcing traditional gender stereotypes which may only permit women to work in lower paying professional activities. National capacity (such as the Min- istry of Employment or Labour), should be strengthened to perform this task at the national and provincial level, while providers of vocational training and employment services should be equipped to complement these efforts with regular assessments at the local level.Mapping surveys should seek to include detailed information concerning the avail- ability of livelihoods resources and desires by beneficiaries to more efficiently transform these resources into productive assets. A realistic assessment of existing employment opportunities and opportunities that could be supported quickly in the short term by either the public or private sector should also be included.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":870, "Sentence":"A realistic assessment of existing employment opportunities and opportunities that could be supported quickly in the short term by either the public or private sector should also be included.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration realistic assessment existing employment opportunity opportunity could supported quickly short term either public private sector also included ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict interrupts skills development for many wage-earning and self-employ- ment activities and disrupts the typical institutions and social mechanisms through which people develop social skills. As a result, the immediate post-conflict period may be characterized by a skills and education crisis.Many ex-combatants have missed opportunities for basic and further education, and as a result are disadvantaged in the competition for jobs and other opportunities. Provision of adult literacy classes, adult education, and technical and vocational train- ing is important both to improve the skill sets of adult and young ex-combatants and to provide opportunities for reorientation and demilitarization. While functional literacy programmes may help ex-combatants find employment, utilizing educational training techniques, which are tailored for illiterate beneficiaries, may also be highly effective in teaching marketable skills.As far as possible, education and training for ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups should be supplied as part of the wider provision of edu- cational services to the general population, and not in schools or colleges exclusively for them. Such inclusiveness will play an important facilitative role in the social reintegration of ex-combatants.Reintegration experts should also take into account the multiple skill sets and liveli- hoods possibilities that one individual may have so that training and livelihoods support can reflect the cross-sector realities of individuals\u2019 skills and training. This is especially true in contexts where there appears to be little or no capacity for employable skills; each individual will have some type of skill that she or he is capable of, and the DDR reintegra- tion programme should be designed to capitalize on this in the best way possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":871, "Sentence":"Armed conflict interrupts skills development for many wage-earning and self-employ- ment activities and disrupts the typical institutions and social mechanisms through which people develop social skills.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration armed conflict interrupt skill development many wageearning selfemploy ment activity disrupts typical institution social mechanism people develop social skill ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict interrupts skills development for many wage-earning and self-employ- ment activities and disrupts the typical institutions and social mechanisms through which people develop social skills. As a result, the immediate post-conflict period may be characterized by a skills and education crisis.Many ex-combatants have missed opportunities for basic and further education, and as a result are disadvantaged in the competition for jobs and other opportunities. Provision of adult literacy classes, adult education, and technical and vocational train- ing is important both to improve the skill sets of adult and young ex-combatants and to provide opportunities for reorientation and demilitarization. While functional literacy programmes may help ex-combatants find employment, utilizing educational training techniques, which are tailored for illiterate beneficiaries, may also be highly effective in teaching marketable skills.As far as possible, education and training for ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups should be supplied as part of the wider provision of edu- cational services to the general population, and not in schools or colleges exclusively for them. Such inclusiveness will play an important facilitative role in the social reintegration of ex-combatants.Reintegration experts should also take into account the multiple skill sets and liveli- hoods possibilities that one individual may have so that training and livelihoods support can reflect the cross-sector realities of individuals\u2019 skills and training. This is especially true in contexts where there appears to be little or no capacity for employable skills; each individual will have some type of skill that she or he is capable of, and the DDR reintegra- tion programme should be designed to capitalize on this in the best way possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":871, "Sentence":"As a result, the immediate post-conflict period may be characterized by a skills and education crisis.Many ex-combatants have missed opportunities for basic and further education, and as a result are disadvantaged in the competition for jobs and other opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration result immediate postconflict period may characterized skill education crisis.many excombatants missed opportunity basic education result disadvantaged competition job opportunity ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict interrupts skills development for many wage-earning and self-employ- ment activities and disrupts the typical institutions and social mechanisms through which people develop social skills. As a result, the immediate post-conflict period may be characterized by a skills and education crisis.Many ex-combatants have missed opportunities for basic and further education, and as a result are disadvantaged in the competition for jobs and other opportunities. Provision of adult literacy classes, adult education, and technical and vocational train- ing is important both to improve the skill sets of adult and young ex-combatants and to provide opportunities for reorientation and demilitarization. While functional literacy programmes may help ex-combatants find employment, utilizing educational training techniques, which are tailored for illiterate beneficiaries, may also be highly effective in teaching marketable skills.As far as possible, education and training for ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups should be supplied as part of the wider provision of edu- cational services to the general population, and not in schools or colleges exclusively for them. Such inclusiveness will play an important facilitative role in the social reintegration of ex-combatants.Reintegration experts should also take into account the multiple skill sets and liveli- hoods possibilities that one individual may have so that training and livelihoods support can reflect the cross-sector realities of individuals\u2019 skills and training. This is especially true in contexts where there appears to be little or no capacity for employable skills; each individual will have some type of skill that she or he is capable of, and the DDR reintegra- tion programme should be designed to capitalize on this in the best way possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":871, "Sentence":"Provision of adult literacy classes, adult education, and technical and vocational train- ing is important both to improve the skill sets of adult and young ex-combatants and to provide opportunities for reorientation and demilitarization.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration provision adult literacy class adult education technical vocational train ing important improve skill set adult young excombatants provide opportunity reorientation demilitarization ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict interrupts skills development for many wage-earning and self-employ- ment activities and disrupts the typical institutions and social mechanisms through which people develop social skills. As a result, the immediate post-conflict period may be characterized by a skills and education crisis.Many ex-combatants have missed opportunities for basic and further education, and as a result are disadvantaged in the competition for jobs and other opportunities. Provision of adult literacy classes, adult education, and technical and vocational train- ing is important both to improve the skill sets of adult and young ex-combatants and to provide opportunities for reorientation and demilitarization. While functional literacy programmes may help ex-combatants find employment, utilizing educational training techniques, which are tailored for illiterate beneficiaries, may also be highly effective in teaching marketable skills.As far as possible, education and training for ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups should be supplied as part of the wider provision of edu- cational services to the general population, and not in schools or colleges exclusively for them. Such inclusiveness will play an important facilitative role in the social reintegration of ex-combatants.Reintegration experts should also take into account the multiple skill sets and liveli- hoods possibilities that one individual may have so that training and livelihoods support can reflect the cross-sector realities of individuals\u2019 skills and training. This is especially true in contexts where there appears to be little or no capacity for employable skills; each individual will have some type of skill that she or he is capable of, and the DDR reintegra- tion programme should be designed to capitalize on this in the best way possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":871, "Sentence":"While functional literacy programmes may help ex-combatants find employment, utilizing educational training techniques, which are tailored for illiterate beneficiaries, may also be highly effective in teaching marketable skills.As far as possible, education and training for ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups should be supplied as part of the wider provision of edu- cational services to the general population, and not in schools or colleges exclusively for them.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration functional literacy programme may help excombatants find employment utilizing educational training technique tailored illiterate beneficiary may also highly effective teaching marketable skills.as far possible education training excombatants associated armed force group supplied part wider provision edu cational service general population school college exclusively ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict interrupts skills development for many wage-earning and self-employ- ment activities and disrupts the typical institutions and social mechanisms through which people develop social skills. As a result, the immediate post-conflict period may be characterized by a skills and education crisis.Many ex-combatants have missed opportunities for basic and further education, and as a result are disadvantaged in the competition for jobs and other opportunities. Provision of adult literacy classes, adult education, and technical and vocational train- ing is important both to improve the skill sets of adult and young ex-combatants and to provide opportunities for reorientation and demilitarization. While functional literacy programmes may help ex-combatants find employment, utilizing educational training techniques, which are tailored for illiterate beneficiaries, may also be highly effective in teaching marketable skills.As far as possible, education and training for ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups should be supplied as part of the wider provision of edu- cational services to the general population, and not in schools or colleges exclusively for them. Such inclusiveness will play an important facilitative role in the social reintegration of ex-combatants.Reintegration experts should also take into account the multiple skill sets and liveli- hoods possibilities that one individual may have so that training and livelihoods support can reflect the cross-sector realities of individuals\u2019 skills and training. This is especially true in contexts where there appears to be little or no capacity for employable skills; each individual will have some type of skill that she or he is capable of, and the DDR reintegra- tion programme should be designed to capitalize on this in the best way possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":871, "Sentence":"Such inclusiveness will play an important facilitative role in the social reintegration of ex-combatants.Reintegration experts should also take into account the multiple skill sets and liveli- hoods possibilities that one individual may have so that training and livelihoods support can reflect the cross-sector realities of individuals\u2019 skills and training.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration inclusiveness play important facilitative role social reintegration excombatants.reintegration expert also take account multiple skill set liveli hood possibility one individual may training livelihood support reflect crosssector reality individual \u2019 skill training ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict interrupts skills development for many wage-earning and self-employ- ment activities and disrupts the typical institutions and social mechanisms through which people develop social skills. As a result, the immediate post-conflict period may be characterized by a skills and education crisis.Many ex-combatants have missed opportunities for basic and further education, and as a result are disadvantaged in the competition for jobs and other opportunities. Provision of adult literacy classes, adult education, and technical and vocational train- ing is important both to improve the skill sets of adult and young ex-combatants and to provide opportunities for reorientation and demilitarization. While functional literacy programmes may help ex-combatants find employment, utilizing educational training techniques, which are tailored for illiterate beneficiaries, may also be highly effective in teaching marketable skills.As far as possible, education and training for ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups should be supplied as part of the wider provision of edu- cational services to the general population, and not in schools or colleges exclusively for them. Such inclusiveness will play an important facilitative role in the social reintegration of ex-combatants.Reintegration experts should also take into account the multiple skill sets and liveli- hoods possibilities that one individual may have so that training and livelihoods support can reflect the cross-sector realities of individuals\u2019 skills and training. This is especially true in contexts where there appears to be little or no capacity for employable skills; each individual will have some type of skill that she or he is capable of, and the DDR reintegra- tion programme should be designed to capitalize on this in the best way possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":871, "Sentence":"This is especially true in contexts where there appears to be little or no capacity for employable skills; each individual will have some type of skill that she or he is capable of, and the DDR reintegra- tion programme should be designed to capitalize on this in the best way possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration especially true context appears little capacity employable skill individual type skill capable ddr reintegra tion programme designed capitalize best way possible ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.1. Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programme managers should regard the provision of life skills as a neces- sity, not a luxury, in reintegration programmes. Life skills include non-violent ways of resolving conflict at the workplace and in civilian life. Life skills also allow individuals to learn socially-acceptable behaviours to use in their personal and professional lives.This type of training requires an understanding of ever-shifting cultural and gen- der identities and roles and should complement the various other forms of educational and\/or training services provided. Youth can benefit from acquisition of basic skills for managing a family and other domestic responsibilities. Economic, labour, education and political rights and responsibilities shall be communicated to ex-combatants, especially in countries undergoing major governance reform where it is essential to encourage the participation of ex-combatants in democratic structures and processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":872, "Sentence":"Reintegration programme managers should regard the provision of life skills as a neces- sity, not a luxury, in reintegration programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration programme manager regard provision life skill neces sity luxury reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.1. Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programme managers should regard the provision of life skills as a neces- sity, not a luxury, in reintegration programmes. Life skills include non-violent ways of resolving conflict at the workplace and in civilian life. Life skills also allow individuals to learn socially-acceptable behaviours to use in their personal and professional lives.This type of training requires an understanding of ever-shifting cultural and gen- der identities and roles and should complement the various other forms of educational and\/or training services provided. Youth can benefit from acquisition of basic skills for managing a family and other domestic responsibilities. Economic, labour, education and political rights and responsibilities shall be communicated to ex-combatants, especially in countries undergoing major governance reform where it is essential to encourage the participation of ex-combatants in democratic structures and processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":872, "Sentence":"Life skills include non-violent ways of resolving conflict at the workplace and in civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration life skill include nonviolent way resolving conflict workplace civilian life ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.1. Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programme managers should regard the provision of life skills as a neces- sity, not a luxury, in reintegration programmes. Life skills include non-violent ways of resolving conflict at the workplace and in civilian life. Life skills also allow individuals to learn socially-acceptable behaviours to use in their personal and professional lives.This type of training requires an understanding of ever-shifting cultural and gen- der identities and roles and should complement the various other forms of educational and\/or training services provided. Youth can benefit from acquisition of basic skills for managing a family and other domestic responsibilities. Economic, labour, education and political rights and responsibilities shall be communicated to ex-combatants, especially in countries undergoing major governance reform where it is essential to encourage the participation of ex-combatants in democratic structures and processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":872, "Sentence":"Life skills also allow individuals to learn socially-acceptable behaviours to use in their personal and professional lives.This type of training requires an understanding of ever-shifting cultural and gen- der identities and roles and should complement the various other forms of educational and\/or training services provided.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration life skill also allow individual learn sociallyacceptable behaviour use personal professional lives.this type training requires understanding evershifting cultural gen der identity role complement various form educational and\/or training service provided ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.1. Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programme managers should regard the provision of life skills as a neces- sity, not a luxury, in reintegration programmes. Life skills include non-violent ways of resolving conflict at the workplace and in civilian life. Life skills also allow individuals to learn socially-acceptable behaviours to use in their personal and professional lives.This type of training requires an understanding of ever-shifting cultural and gen- der identities and roles and should complement the various other forms of educational and\/or training services provided. Youth can benefit from acquisition of basic skills for managing a family and other domestic responsibilities. Economic, labour, education and political rights and responsibilities shall be communicated to ex-combatants, especially in countries undergoing major governance reform where it is essential to encourage the participation of ex-combatants in democratic structures and processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":872, "Sentence":"Youth can benefit from acquisition of basic skills for managing a family and other domestic responsibilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration youth benefit acquisition basic skill managing family domestic responsibility ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.1. Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programme managers should regard the provision of life skills as a neces- sity, not a luxury, in reintegration programmes. Life skills include non-violent ways of resolving conflict at the workplace and in civilian life. Life skills also allow individuals to learn socially-acceptable behaviours to use in their personal and professional lives.This type of training requires an understanding of ever-shifting cultural and gen- der identities and roles and should complement the various other forms of educational and\/or training services provided. Youth can benefit from acquisition of basic skills for managing a family and other domestic responsibilities. Economic, labour, education and political rights and responsibilities shall be communicated to ex-combatants, especially in countries undergoing major governance reform where it is essential to encourage the participation of ex-combatants in democratic structures and processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":872, "Sentence":"Economic, labour, education and political rights and responsibilities shall be communicated to ex-combatants, especially in countries undergoing major governance reform where it is essential to encourage the participation of ex-combatants in democratic structures and processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration economic labour education political right responsibility shall communicated excombatants especially country undergoing major governance reform essential encourage participation excombatants democratic structure process ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.2. Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants often need to learn new skills in order to make a living in the civilian economy. Vocational education (formal school-based or informal apprenticeship) plays a vital role in successful reintegration, by increasing the chances of ex-combatants chances to effectively join the labour market. Training can also help break down military attitudes and behaviour, and develop values and norms based on peace and democracy. Vocational training activities should be based upon the outcomes of the opportunity mapping assess- ments and the profiles of the (ex-) combatants.Skills training does not by itself create employment. However, when it matches the real requirements of the labour market, it may enhance a person\u2019s employability and chances of finding a wage-paying job or of becoming self-employed. Training is therefore a natural component of any effective strategy for tackling poverty and social exclusion, as well as for empowering conflict-affected people to fend for themselves, to contribute to the reconstruction of their countries, and to be able to overcome some of the inequalities they suffered before the conflict and to enhance their human security.Typically, training has received inadequate attention in post-conflict contexts. Inertia and resistance often prove to be among the greatest challenges in relation to changing training systems. The focus on employability and more flexible training approaches in post-crisis contexts, however, constitutes an opportunity to revisit the relevance and the efficiency of the training supply systems in close relation to the real market demands. Providing training at later stages of reintegration is also advisable, since beneficiaries will have some experience after returning to their communities and may have a clearer idea of the types of training that they would most benefit from.Additionally, provisions for gender equity, to ensure that all participants can equally access the programme should be considered, including child care for female participants, their other duties (such as household activities which may prevent them from partici- pating at certain times of the day), as well as considerations for transportation. Training locations should be in close proximity to women\u2019s homes so it is more likely they can attend. Training activities can also include other essential components, such as reproduc- tive health and HIV information and care.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":873, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants often need to learn new skills in order to make a living in the civilian economy.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration excombatants often need learn new skill order make living civilian economy ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.2. Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants often need to learn new skills in order to make a living in the civilian economy. Vocational education (formal school-based or informal apprenticeship) plays a vital role in successful reintegration, by increasing the chances of ex-combatants chances to effectively join the labour market. Training can also help break down military attitudes and behaviour, and develop values and norms based on peace and democracy. Vocational training activities should be based upon the outcomes of the opportunity mapping assess- ments and the profiles of the (ex-) combatants.Skills training does not by itself create employment. However, when it matches the real requirements of the labour market, it may enhance a person\u2019s employability and chances of finding a wage-paying job or of becoming self-employed. Training is therefore a natural component of any effective strategy for tackling poverty and social exclusion, as well as for empowering conflict-affected people to fend for themselves, to contribute to the reconstruction of their countries, and to be able to overcome some of the inequalities they suffered before the conflict and to enhance their human security.Typically, training has received inadequate attention in post-conflict contexts. Inertia and resistance often prove to be among the greatest challenges in relation to changing training systems. The focus on employability and more flexible training approaches in post-crisis contexts, however, constitutes an opportunity to revisit the relevance and the efficiency of the training supply systems in close relation to the real market demands. Providing training at later stages of reintegration is also advisable, since beneficiaries will have some experience after returning to their communities and may have a clearer idea of the types of training that they would most benefit from.Additionally, provisions for gender equity, to ensure that all participants can equally access the programme should be considered, including child care for female participants, their other duties (such as household activities which may prevent them from partici- pating at certain times of the day), as well as considerations for transportation. Training locations should be in close proximity to women\u2019s homes so it is more likely they can attend. Training activities can also include other essential components, such as reproduc- tive health and HIV information and care.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":873, "Sentence":"Vocational education (formal school-based or informal apprenticeship) plays a vital role in successful reintegration, by increasing the chances of ex-combatants chances to effectively join the labour market.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration vocational education formal schoolbased informal apprenticeship play vital role successful reintegration increasing chance excombatants chance effectively join labour market ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.2. Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants often need to learn new skills in order to make a living in the civilian economy. Vocational education (formal school-based or informal apprenticeship) plays a vital role in successful reintegration, by increasing the chances of ex-combatants chances to effectively join the labour market. Training can also help break down military attitudes and behaviour, and develop values and norms based on peace and democracy. Vocational training activities should be based upon the outcomes of the opportunity mapping assess- ments and the profiles of the (ex-) combatants.Skills training does not by itself create employment. However, when it matches the real requirements of the labour market, it may enhance a person\u2019s employability and chances of finding a wage-paying job or of becoming self-employed. Training is therefore a natural component of any effective strategy for tackling poverty and social exclusion, as well as for empowering conflict-affected people to fend for themselves, to contribute to the reconstruction of their countries, and to be able to overcome some of the inequalities they suffered before the conflict and to enhance their human security.Typically, training has received inadequate attention in post-conflict contexts. Inertia and resistance often prove to be among the greatest challenges in relation to changing training systems. The focus on employability and more flexible training approaches in post-crisis contexts, however, constitutes an opportunity to revisit the relevance and the efficiency of the training supply systems in close relation to the real market demands. Providing training at later stages of reintegration is also advisable, since beneficiaries will have some experience after returning to their communities and may have a clearer idea of the types of training that they would most benefit from.Additionally, provisions for gender equity, to ensure that all participants can equally access the programme should be considered, including child care for female participants, their other duties (such as household activities which may prevent them from partici- pating at certain times of the day), as well as considerations for transportation. Training locations should be in close proximity to women\u2019s homes so it is more likely they can attend. Training activities can also include other essential components, such as reproduc- tive health and HIV information and care.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":873, "Sentence":"Training can also help break down military attitudes and behaviour, and develop values and norms based on peace and democracy.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration training also help break military attitude behaviour develop value norm based peace democracy ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.2. Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants often need to learn new skills in order to make a living in the civilian economy. Vocational education (formal school-based or informal apprenticeship) plays a vital role in successful reintegration, by increasing the chances of ex-combatants chances to effectively join the labour market. Training can also help break down military attitudes and behaviour, and develop values and norms based on peace and democracy. Vocational training activities should be based upon the outcomes of the opportunity mapping assess- ments and the profiles of the (ex-) combatants.Skills training does not by itself create employment. However, when it matches the real requirements of the labour market, it may enhance a person\u2019s employability and chances of finding a wage-paying job or of becoming self-employed. Training is therefore a natural component of any effective strategy for tackling poverty and social exclusion, as well as for empowering conflict-affected people to fend for themselves, to contribute to the reconstruction of their countries, and to be able to overcome some of the inequalities they suffered before the conflict and to enhance their human security.Typically, training has received inadequate attention in post-conflict contexts. Inertia and resistance often prove to be among the greatest challenges in relation to changing training systems. The focus on employability and more flexible training approaches in post-crisis contexts, however, constitutes an opportunity to revisit the relevance and the efficiency of the training supply systems in close relation to the real market demands. Providing training at later stages of reintegration is also advisable, since beneficiaries will have some experience after returning to their communities and may have a clearer idea of the types of training that they would most benefit from.Additionally, provisions for gender equity, to ensure that all participants can equally access the programme should be considered, including child care for female participants, their other duties (such as household activities which may prevent them from partici- pating at certain times of the day), as well as considerations for transportation. Training locations should be in close proximity to women\u2019s homes so it is more likely they can attend. Training activities can also include other essential components, such as reproduc- tive health and HIV information and care.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":873, "Sentence":"Vocational training activities should be based upon the outcomes of the opportunity mapping assess- ments and the profiles of the (ex-) combatants.Skills training does not by itself create employment.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration vocational training activity based upon outcome opportunity mapping ass ments profile ex combatants.skills training create employment ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.2. Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants often need to learn new skills in order to make a living in the civilian economy. Vocational education (formal school-based or informal apprenticeship) plays a vital role in successful reintegration, by increasing the chances of ex-combatants chances to effectively join the labour market. Training can also help break down military attitudes and behaviour, and develop values and norms based on peace and democracy. Vocational training activities should be based upon the outcomes of the opportunity mapping assess- ments and the profiles of the (ex-) combatants.Skills training does not by itself create employment. However, when it matches the real requirements of the labour market, it may enhance a person\u2019s employability and chances of finding a wage-paying job or of becoming self-employed. Training is therefore a natural component of any effective strategy for tackling poverty and social exclusion, as well as for empowering conflict-affected people to fend for themselves, to contribute to the reconstruction of their countries, and to be able to overcome some of the inequalities they suffered before the conflict and to enhance their human security.Typically, training has received inadequate attention in post-conflict contexts. Inertia and resistance often prove to be among the greatest challenges in relation to changing training systems. The focus on employability and more flexible training approaches in post-crisis contexts, however, constitutes an opportunity to revisit the relevance and the efficiency of the training supply systems in close relation to the real market demands. Providing training at later stages of reintegration is also advisable, since beneficiaries will have some experience after returning to their communities and may have a clearer idea of the types of training that they would most benefit from.Additionally, provisions for gender equity, to ensure that all participants can equally access the programme should be considered, including child care for female participants, their other duties (such as household activities which may prevent them from partici- pating at certain times of the day), as well as considerations for transportation. Training locations should be in close proximity to women\u2019s homes so it is more likely they can attend. Training activities can also include other essential components, such as reproduc- tive health and HIV information and care.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":873, "Sentence":"However, when it matches the real requirements of the labour market, it may enhance a person\u2019s employability and chances of finding a wage-paying job or of becoming self-employed.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration however match real requirement labour market may enhance person \u2019 employability chance finding wagepaying job becoming selfemployed ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.2. Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants often need to learn new skills in order to make a living in the civilian economy. Vocational education (formal school-based or informal apprenticeship) plays a vital role in successful reintegration, by increasing the chances of ex-combatants chances to effectively join the labour market. Training can also help break down military attitudes and behaviour, and develop values and norms based on peace and democracy. Vocational training activities should be based upon the outcomes of the opportunity mapping assess- ments and the profiles of the (ex-) combatants.Skills training does not by itself create employment. However, when it matches the real requirements of the labour market, it may enhance a person\u2019s employability and chances of finding a wage-paying job or of becoming self-employed. Training is therefore a natural component of any effective strategy for tackling poverty and social exclusion, as well as for empowering conflict-affected people to fend for themselves, to contribute to the reconstruction of their countries, and to be able to overcome some of the inequalities they suffered before the conflict and to enhance their human security.Typically, training has received inadequate attention in post-conflict contexts. Inertia and resistance often prove to be among the greatest challenges in relation to changing training systems. The focus on employability and more flexible training approaches in post-crisis contexts, however, constitutes an opportunity to revisit the relevance and the efficiency of the training supply systems in close relation to the real market demands. Providing training at later stages of reintegration is also advisable, since beneficiaries will have some experience after returning to their communities and may have a clearer idea of the types of training that they would most benefit from.Additionally, provisions for gender equity, to ensure that all participants can equally access the programme should be considered, including child care for female participants, their other duties (such as household activities which may prevent them from partici- pating at certain times of the day), as well as considerations for transportation. Training locations should be in close proximity to women\u2019s homes so it is more likely they can attend. Training activities can also include other essential components, such as reproduc- tive health and HIV information and care.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":873, "Sentence":"Training is therefore a natural component of any effective strategy for tackling poverty and social exclusion, as well as for empowering conflict-affected people to fend for themselves, to contribute to the reconstruction of their countries, and to be able to overcome some of the inequalities they suffered before the conflict and to enhance their human security.Typically, training has received inadequate attention in post-conflict contexts.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration training therefore natural component effective strategy tackling poverty social exclusion well empowering conflictaffected people fend contribute reconstruction country able overcome inequality suffered conflict enhance human security.typically training received inadequate attention postconflict context ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.2. Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants often need to learn new skills in order to make a living in the civilian economy. Vocational education (formal school-based or informal apprenticeship) plays a vital role in successful reintegration, by increasing the chances of ex-combatants chances to effectively join the labour market. Training can also help break down military attitudes and behaviour, and develop values and norms based on peace and democracy. Vocational training activities should be based upon the outcomes of the opportunity mapping assess- ments and the profiles of the (ex-) combatants.Skills training does not by itself create employment. However, when it matches the real requirements of the labour market, it may enhance a person\u2019s employability and chances of finding a wage-paying job or of becoming self-employed. Training is therefore a natural component of any effective strategy for tackling poverty and social exclusion, as well as for empowering conflict-affected people to fend for themselves, to contribute to the reconstruction of their countries, and to be able to overcome some of the inequalities they suffered before the conflict and to enhance their human security.Typically, training has received inadequate attention in post-conflict contexts. Inertia and resistance often prove to be among the greatest challenges in relation to changing training systems. The focus on employability and more flexible training approaches in post-crisis contexts, however, constitutes an opportunity to revisit the relevance and the efficiency of the training supply systems in close relation to the real market demands. Providing training at later stages of reintegration is also advisable, since beneficiaries will have some experience after returning to their communities and may have a clearer idea of the types of training that they would most benefit from.Additionally, provisions for gender equity, to ensure that all participants can equally access the programme should be considered, including child care for female participants, their other duties (such as household activities which may prevent them from partici- pating at certain times of the day), as well as considerations for transportation. Training locations should be in close proximity to women\u2019s homes so it is more likely they can attend. Training activities can also include other essential components, such as reproduc- tive health and HIV information and care.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":873, "Sentence":"Inertia and resistance often prove to be among the greatest challenges in relation to changing training systems.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration inertia resistance often prove among greatest challenge relation changing training system ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.2. Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants often need to learn new skills in order to make a living in the civilian economy. Vocational education (formal school-based or informal apprenticeship) plays a vital role in successful reintegration, by increasing the chances of ex-combatants chances to effectively join the labour market. Training can also help break down military attitudes and behaviour, and develop values and norms based on peace and democracy. Vocational training activities should be based upon the outcomes of the opportunity mapping assess- ments and the profiles of the (ex-) combatants.Skills training does not by itself create employment. However, when it matches the real requirements of the labour market, it may enhance a person\u2019s employability and chances of finding a wage-paying job or of becoming self-employed. Training is therefore a natural component of any effective strategy for tackling poverty and social exclusion, as well as for empowering conflict-affected people to fend for themselves, to contribute to the reconstruction of their countries, and to be able to overcome some of the inequalities they suffered before the conflict and to enhance their human security.Typically, training has received inadequate attention in post-conflict contexts. Inertia and resistance often prove to be among the greatest challenges in relation to changing training systems. The focus on employability and more flexible training approaches in post-crisis contexts, however, constitutes an opportunity to revisit the relevance and the efficiency of the training supply systems in close relation to the real market demands. Providing training at later stages of reintegration is also advisable, since beneficiaries will have some experience after returning to their communities and may have a clearer idea of the types of training that they would most benefit from.Additionally, provisions for gender equity, to ensure that all participants can equally access the programme should be considered, including child care for female participants, their other duties (such as household activities which may prevent them from partici- pating at certain times of the day), as well as considerations for transportation. Training locations should be in close proximity to women\u2019s homes so it is more likely they can attend. Training activities can also include other essential components, such as reproduc- tive health and HIV information and care.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":873, "Sentence":"The focus on employability and more flexible training approaches in post-crisis contexts, however, constitutes an opportunity to revisit the relevance and the efficiency of the training supply systems in close relation to the real market demands.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration focus employability flexible training approach postcrisis context however constitutes opportunity revisit relevance efficiency training supply system close relation real market demand ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.2. Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants often need to learn new skills in order to make a living in the civilian economy. Vocational education (formal school-based or informal apprenticeship) plays a vital role in successful reintegration, by increasing the chances of ex-combatants chances to effectively join the labour market. Training can also help break down military attitudes and behaviour, and develop values and norms based on peace and democracy. Vocational training activities should be based upon the outcomes of the opportunity mapping assess- ments and the profiles of the (ex-) combatants.Skills training does not by itself create employment. However, when it matches the real requirements of the labour market, it may enhance a person\u2019s employability and chances of finding a wage-paying job or of becoming self-employed. Training is therefore a natural component of any effective strategy for tackling poverty and social exclusion, as well as for empowering conflict-affected people to fend for themselves, to contribute to the reconstruction of their countries, and to be able to overcome some of the inequalities they suffered before the conflict and to enhance their human security.Typically, training has received inadequate attention in post-conflict contexts. Inertia and resistance often prove to be among the greatest challenges in relation to changing training systems. The focus on employability and more flexible training approaches in post-crisis contexts, however, constitutes an opportunity to revisit the relevance and the efficiency of the training supply systems in close relation to the real market demands. Providing training at later stages of reintegration is also advisable, since beneficiaries will have some experience after returning to their communities and may have a clearer idea of the types of training that they would most benefit from.Additionally, provisions for gender equity, to ensure that all participants can equally access the programme should be considered, including child care for female participants, their other duties (such as household activities which may prevent them from partici- pating at certain times of the day), as well as considerations for transportation. Training locations should be in close proximity to women\u2019s homes so it is more likely they can attend. Training activities can also include other essential components, such as reproduc- tive health and HIV information and care.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":873, "Sentence":"Providing training at later stages of reintegration is also advisable, since beneficiaries will have some experience after returning to their communities and may have a clearer idea of the types of training that they would most benefit from.Additionally, provisions for gender equity, to ensure that all participants can equally access the programme should be considered, including child care for female participants, their other duties (such as household activities which may prevent them from partici- pating at certain times of the day), as well as considerations for transportation.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration providing training later stage reintegration also advisable since beneficiary experience returning community may clearer idea type training would benefit from.additionally provision gender equity ensure participant equally access programme considered including child care female participant duty household activity may prevent partici pating certain time day well consideration transportation ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.2. Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants often need to learn new skills in order to make a living in the civilian economy. Vocational education (formal school-based or informal apprenticeship) plays a vital role in successful reintegration, by increasing the chances of ex-combatants chances to effectively join the labour market. Training can also help break down military attitudes and behaviour, and develop values and norms based on peace and democracy. Vocational training activities should be based upon the outcomes of the opportunity mapping assess- ments and the profiles of the (ex-) combatants.Skills training does not by itself create employment. However, when it matches the real requirements of the labour market, it may enhance a person\u2019s employability and chances of finding a wage-paying job or of becoming self-employed. Training is therefore a natural component of any effective strategy for tackling poverty and social exclusion, as well as for empowering conflict-affected people to fend for themselves, to contribute to the reconstruction of their countries, and to be able to overcome some of the inequalities they suffered before the conflict and to enhance their human security.Typically, training has received inadequate attention in post-conflict contexts. Inertia and resistance often prove to be among the greatest challenges in relation to changing training systems. The focus on employability and more flexible training approaches in post-crisis contexts, however, constitutes an opportunity to revisit the relevance and the efficiency of the training supply systems in close relation to the real market demands. Providing training at later stages of reintegration is also advisable, since beneficiaries will have some experience after returning to their communities and may have a clearer idea of the types of training that they would most benefit from.Additionally, provisions for gender equity, to ensure that all participants can equally access the programme should be considered, including child care for female participants, their other duties (such as household activities which may prevent them from partici- pating at certain times of the day), as well as considerations for transportation. Training locations should be in close proximity to women\u2019s homes so it is more likely they can attend. Training activities can also include other essential components, such as reproduc- tive health and HIV information and care.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":873, "Sentence":"Training locations should be in close proximity to women\u2019s homes so it is more likely they can attend.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration training location close proximity woman \u2019 home likely attend ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.2. Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants often need to learn new skills in order to make a living in the civilian economy. Vocational education (formal school-based or informal apprenticeship) plays a vital role in successful reintegration, by increasing the chances of ex-combatants chances to effectively join the labour market. Training can also help break down military attitudes and behaviour, and develop values and norms based on peace and democracy. Vocational training activities should be based upon the outcomes of the opportunity mapping assess- ments and the profiles of the (ex-) combatants.Skills training does not by itself create employment. However, when it matches the real requirements of the labour market, it may enhance a person\u2019s employability and chances of finding a wage-paying job or of becoming self-employed. Training is therefore a natural component of any effective strategy for tackling poverty and social exclusion, as well as for empowering conflict-affected people to fend for themselves, to contribute to the reconstruction of their countries, and to be able to overcome some of the inequalities they suffered before the conflict and to enhance their human security.Typically, training has received inadequate attention in post-conflict contexts. Inertia and resistance often prove to be among the greatest challenges in relation to changing training systems. The focus on employability and more flexible training approaches in post-crisis contexts, however, constitutes an opportunity to revisit the relevance and the efficiency of the training supply systems in close relation to the real market demands. Providing training at later stages of reintegration is also advisable, since beneficiaries will have some experience after returning to their communities and may have a clearer idea of the types of training that they would most benefit from.Additionally, provisions for gender equity, to ensure that all participants can equally access the programme should be considered, including child care for female participants, their other duties (such as household activities which may prevent them from partici- pating at certain times of the day), as well as considerations for transportation. Training locations should be in close proximity to women\u2019s homes so it is more likely they can attend. Training activities can also include other essential components, such as reproduc- tive health and HIV information and care.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":873, "Sentence":"Training activities can also include other essential components, such as reproduc- tive health and HIV information and care.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration training activity also include essential component reproduc tive health hiv information care ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.3. Education and scholarships", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Young ex-combatants, especially those aged under 15, should be reintegrated into formal education, which may mean extra support for teachers and trainers to manage the special needs of such learners. Some ex-combatants can be offered scholarships to finish their studies. Youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth) should have priority in these cases, and particu- lar attention must be paid to assisting girls to return to school, requiring making available child care facilities for children in their care as well as evening courses.In some countries where the conflict was particularly protracted and ex-combatants have received little or no schooling, emphasis should be placed on \u2018catch-up\u2019 education to ensure that this group does not remain in a disadvantaged position, in relation to their peers. If allowances or school fees are to be funded by the reintegration programme, programme managers should ensure that resources are available for the full duration of ex-combatants\u2019 catch-up or accelerated education, which could be longer than the reinte- gration programme. If resources are not available, there should be a clearly communicated plan for phasing out support.It is clear that the funding available from a DDR programme will not cover all edu- cation costs of the programme participants who wish to continue their studies. This must be acknowledged and expectations managed during counseling for reintegration, so that ex-combatants are able to plan for some way to pay for the rest of their studies. It should also be acknowledged during counseling that in post-conflict economies education does not guarantee employment.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":874, "Sentence":"Young ex-combatants, especially those aged under 15, should be reintegrated into formal education, which may mean extra support for teachers and trainers to manage the special needs of such learners.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration young excombatants especially aged 15 reintegrated formal education may mean extra support teacher trainer manage special need learner ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.3. Education and scholarships", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Young ex-combatants, especially those aged under 15, should be reintegrated into formal education, which may mean extra support for teachers and trainers to manage the special needs of such learners. Some ex-combatants can be offered scholarships to finish their studies. Youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth) should have priority in these cases, and particu- lar attention must be paid to assisting girls to return to school, requiring making available child care facilities for children in their care as well as evening courses.In some countries where the conflict was particularly protracted and ex-combatants have received little or no schooling, emphasis should be placed on \u2018catch-up\u2019 education to ensure that this group does not remain in a disadvantaged position, in relation to their peers. If allowances or school fees are to be funded by the reintegration programme, programme managers should ensure that resources are available for the full duration of ex-combatants\u2019 catch-up or accelerated education, which could be longer than the reinte- gration programme. If resources are not available, there should be a clearly communicated plan for phasing out support.It is clear that the funding available from a DDR programme will not cover all edu- cation costs of the programme participants who wish to continue their studies. This must be acknowledged and expectations managed during counseling for reintegration, so that ex-combatants are able to plan for some way to pay for the rest of their studies. It should also be acknowledged during counseling that in post-conflict economies education does not guarantee employment.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":874, "Sentence":"Some ex-combatants can be offered scholarships to finish their studies.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration excombatants offered scholarship finish study ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.3. Education and scholarships", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Young ex-combatants, especially those aged under 15, should be reintegrated into formal education, which may mean extra support for teachers and trainers to manage the special needs of such learners. Some ex-combatants can be offered scholarships to finish their studies. Youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth) should have priority in these cases, and particu- lar attention must be paid to assisting girls to return to school, requiring making available child care facilities for children in their care as well as evening courses.In some countries where the conflict was particularly protracted and ex-combatants have received little or no schooling, emphasis should be placed on \u2018catch-up\u2019 education to ensure that this group does not remain in a disadvantaged position, in relation to their peers. If allowances or school fees are to be funded by the reintegration programme, programme managers should ensure that resources are available for the full duration of ex-combatants\u2019 catch-up or accelerated education, which could be longer than the reinte- gration programme. If resources are not available, there should be a clearly communicated plan for phasing out support.It is clear that the funding available from a DDR programme will not cover all edu- cation costs of the programme participants who wish to continue their studies. This must be acknowledged and expectations managed during counseling for reintegration, so that ex-combatants are able to plan for some way to pay for the rest of their studies. It should also be acknowledged during counseling that in post-conflict economies education does not guarantee employment.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":874, "Sentence":"Youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth) should have priority in these cases, and particu- lar attention must be paid to assisting girls to return to school, requiring making available child care facilities for children in their care as well as evening courses.In some countries where the conflict was particularly protracted and ex-combatants have received little or no schooling, emphasis should be placed on \u2018catch-up\u2019 education to ensure that this group does not remain in a disadvantaged position, in relation to their peers.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration youth see iddrs 5.20 youth priority case particu lar attention must paid assisting girl return school requiring making available child care facility child care well evening courses.in country conflict particularly protracted excombatants received little schooling emphasis placed \u2018 catchup \u2019 education ensure group remain disadvantaged position relation peer ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.3. Education and scholarships", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Young ex-combatants, especially those aged under 15, should be reintegrated into formal education, which may mean extra support for teachers and trainers to manage the special needs of such learners. Some ex-combatants can be offered scholarships to finish their studies. Youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth) should have priority in these cases, and particu- lar attention must be paid to assisting girls to return to school, requiring making available child care facilities for children in their care as well as evening courses.In some countries where the conflict was particularly protracted and ex-combatants have received little or no schooling, emphasis should be placed on \u2018catch-up\u2019 education to ensure that this group does not remain in a disadvantaged position, in relation to their peers. If allowances or school fees are to be funded by the reintegration programme, programme managers should ensure that resources are available for the full duration of ex-combatants\u2019 catch-up or accelerated education, which could be longer than the reinte- gration programme. If resources are not available, there should be a clearly communicated plan for phasing out support.It is clear that the funding available from a DDR programme will not cover all edu- cation costs of the programme participants who wish to continue their studies. This must be acknowledged and expectations managed during counseling for reintegration, so that ex-combatants are able to plan for some way to pay for the rest of their studies. It should also be acknowledged during counseling that in post-conflict economies education does not guarantee employment.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":874, "Sentence":"If allowances or school fees are to be funded by the reintegration programme, programme managers should ensure that resources are available for the full duration of ex-combatants\u2019 catch-up or accelerated education, which could be longer than the reinte- gration programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration allowance school fee funded reintegration programme programme manager ensure resource available full duration excombatants \u2019 catchup accelerated education could longer reinte gration programme ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.3. Education and scholarships", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Young ex-combatants, especially those aged under 15, should be reintegrated into formal education, which may mean extra support for teachers and trainers to manage the special needs of such learners. Some ex-combatants can be offered scholarships to finish their studies. Youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth) should have priority in these cases, and particu- lar attention must be paid to assisting girls to return to school, requiring making available child care facilities for children in their care as well as evening courses.In some countries where the conflict was particularly protracted and ex-combatants have received little or no schooling, emphasis should be placed on \u2018catch-up\u2019 education to ensure that this group does not remain in a disadvantaged position, in relation to their peers. If allowances or school fees are to be funded by the reintegration programme, programme managers should ensure that resources are available for the full duration of ex-combatants\u2019 catch-up or accelerated education, which could be longer than the reinte- gration programme. If resources are not available, there should be a clearly communicated plan for phasing out support.It is clear that the funding available from a DDR programme will not cover all edu- cation costs of the programme participants who wish to continue their studies. This must be acknowledged and expectations managed during counseling for reintegration, so that ex-combatants are able to plan for some way to pay for the rest of their studies. It should also be acknowledged during counseling that in post-conflict economies education does not guarantee employment.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":874, "Sentence":"If resources are not available, there should be a clearly communicated plan for phasing out support.It is clear that the funding available from a DDR programme will not cover all edu- cation costs of the programme participants who wish to continue their studies.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration resource available clearly communicated plan phasing support.it clear funding available ddr programme cover edu cation cost programme participant wish continue study ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.3. Education and scholarships", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Young ex-combatants, especially those aged under 15, should be reintegrated into formal education, which may mean extra support for teachers and trainers to manage the special needs of such learners. Some ex-combatants can be offered scholarships to finish their studies. Youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth) should have priority in these cases, and particu- lar attention must be paid to assisting girls to return to school, requiring making available child care facilities for children in their care as well as evening courses.In some countries where the conflict was particularly protracted and ex-combatants have received little or no schooling, emphasis should be placed on \u2018catch-up\u2019 education to ensure that this group does not remain in a disadvantaged position, in relation to their peers. If allowances or school fees are to be funded by the reintegration programme, programme managers should ensure that resources are available for the full duration of ex-combatants\u2019 catch-up or accelerated education, which could be longer than the reinte- gration programme. If resources are not available, there should be a clearly communicated plan for phasing out support.It is clear that the funding available from a DDR programme will not cover all edu- cation costs of the programme participants who wish to continue their studies. This must be acknowledged and expectations managed during counseling for reintegration, so that ex-combatants are able to plan for some way to pay for the rest of their studies. It should also be acknowledged during counseling that in post-conflict economies education does not guarantee employment.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":874, "Sentence":"This must be acknowledged and expectations managed during counseling for reintegration, so that ex-combatants are able to plan for some way to pay for the rest of their studies.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration must acknowledged expectation managed counseling reintegration excombatants able plan way pay rest study ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.3. Education and scholarships", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Young ex-combatants, especially those aged under 15, should be reintegrated into formal education, which may mean extra support for teachers and trainers to manage the special needs of such learners. Some ex-combatants can be offered scholarships to finish their studies. Youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth) should have priority in these cases, and particu- lar attention must be paid to assisting girls to return to school, requiring making available child care facilities for children in their care as well as evening courses.In some countries where the conflict was particularly protracted and ex-combatants have received little or no schooling, emphasis should be placed on \u2018catch-up\u2019 education to ensure that this group does not remain in a disadvantaged position, in relation to their peers. If allowances or school fees are to be funded by the reintegration programme, programme managers should ensure that resources are available for the full duration of ex-combatants\u2019 catch-up or accelerated education, which could be longer than the reinte- gration programme. If resources are not available, there should be a clearly communicated plan for phasing out support.It is clear that the funding available from a DDR programme will not cover all edu- cation costs of the programme participants who wish to continue their studies. This must be acknowledged and expectations managed during counseling for reintegration, so that ex-combatants are able to plan for some way to pay for the rest of their studies. It should also be acknowledged during counseling that in post-conflict economies education does not guarantee employment.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":874, "Sentence":"It should also be acknowledged during counseling that in post-conflict economies education does not guarantee employment.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration also acknowledged counseling postconflict economy education guarantee employment ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.4. Apprenticeships and on-the-job training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeships and other forms of on-the-job training can be particularly effective as they are likely to result in more sustainable employment and fill the large gap in the avail- ability of training providers.Apprenticeships are a form of on-the-job training where employers agree by contract to train individuals (apprentices) in a particular trade for a fixed period of time. A reinte- gration programme can subsidize such learning and training opportunities by paying the trainees an allowance and\/or subsidizing the employers directly with equivalent wage support to take on apprentices for a fixed period. These interventions can also be an excel- lent means of social reintegration and reconciliation, as they place ex-combatants into an already existing socio-economic network consisting of non-ex-combatants through the mentor\/trainer. Apprenticeships are also a particularly effective form of training for youth employability as they impart technical and business skills and induct young people into a business culture and network of clients.In order to protect existing incentives for master craftspeople and apprentices to par- ticipate, apprenticeships should be carried out according to local traditions and norms regarding access, cost-sharing arrangements, duration and conditions for graduation, when appropriate. Skill certification mechanisms should be established to provide legiti- macy to those with existing skills as well as those acquiring new skills. Such certification is useful for potential future employers and consumers as a form of verification and con- fidence for employment.For trades with no apprenticeship system in place, other forms of on-the-job-training should be considered to support socio-economic reintegration. In addition, since fund- ing is often not sufficient within a reintegration programme to cover all training during apprenticeships, linkages to microfinance programmes should be established in an effort to address this gap.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":875, "Sentence":"Apprenticeships and other forms of on-the-job training can be particularly effective as they are likely to result in more sustainable employment and fill the large gap in the avail- ability of training providers.Apprenticeships are a form of on-the-job training where employers agree by contract to train individuals (apprentices) in a particular trade for a fixed period of time.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration apprenticeship form onthejob training particularly effective likely result sustainable employment fill large gap avail ability training providers.apprenticeships form onthejob training employer agree contract train individual apprentice particular trade fixed period time ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.4. Apprenticeships and on-the-job training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeships and other forms of on-the-job training can be particularly effective as they are likely to result in more sustainable employment and fill the large gap in the avail- ability of training providers.Apprenticeships are a form of on-the-job training where employers agree by contract to train individuals (apprentices) in a particular trade for a fixed period of time. A reinte- gration programme can subsidize such learning and training opportunities by paying the trainees an allowance and\/or subsidizing the employers directly with equivalent wage support to take on apprentices for a fixed period. These interventions can also be an excel- lent means of social reintegration and reconciliation, as they place ex-combatants into an already existing socio-economic network consisting of non-ex-combatants through the mentor\/trainer. Apprenticeships are also a particularly effective form of training for youth employability as they impart technical and business skills and induct young people into a business culture and network of clients.In order to protect existing incentives for master craftspeople and apprentices to par- ticipate, apprenticeships should be carried out according to local traditions and norms regarding access, cost-sharing arrangements, duration and conditions for graduation, when appropriate. Skill certification mechanisms should be established to provide legiti- macy to those with existing skills as well as those acquiring new skills. Such certification is useful for potential future employers and consumers as a form of verification and con- fidence for employment.For trades with no apprenticeship system in place, other forms of on-the-job-training should be considered to support socio-economic reintegration. In addition, since fund- ing is often not sufficient within a reintegration programme to cover all training during apprenticeships, linkages to microfinance programmes should be established in an effort to address this gap.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":875, "Sentence":"A reinte- gration programme can subsidize such learning and training opportunities by paying the trainees an allowance and\/or subsidizing the employers directly with equivalent wage support to take on apprentices for a fixed period.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reinte gration programme subsidize learning training opportunity paying trainee allowance and\/or subsidizing employer directly equivalent wage support take apprentice fixed period ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.4. Apprenticeships and on-the-job training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeships and other forms of on-the-job training can be particularly effective as they are likely to result in more sustainable employment and fill the large gap in the avail- ability of training providers.Apprenticeships are a form of on-the-job training where employers agree by contract to train individuals (apprentices) in a particular trade for a fixed period of time. A reinte- gration programme can subsidize such learning and training opportunities by paying the trainees an allowance and\/or subsidizing the employers directly with equivalent wage support to take on apprentices for a fixed period. These interventions can also be an excel- lent means of social reintegration and reconciliation, as they place ex-combatants into an already existing socio-economic network consisting of non-ex-combatants through the mentor\/trainer. Apprenticeships are also a particularly effective form of training for youth employability as they impart technical and business skills and induct young people into a business culture and network of clients.In order to protect existing incentives for master craftspeople and apprentices to par- ticipate, apprenticeships should be carried out according to local traditions and norms regarding access, cost-sharing arrangements, duration and conditions for graduation, when appropriate. Skill certification mechanisms should be established to provide legiti- macy to those with existing skills as well as those acquiring new skills. Such certification is useful for potential future employers and consumers as a form of verification and con- fidence for employment.For trades with no apprenticeship system in place, other forms of on-the-job-training should be considered to support socio-economic reintegration. In addition, since fund- ing is often not sufficient within a reintegration programme to cover all training during apprenticeships, linkages to microfinance programmes should be established in an effort to address this gap.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":875, "Sentence":"These interventions can also be an excel- lent means of social reintegration and reconciliation, as they place ex-combatants into an already existing socio-economic network consisting of non-ex-combatants through the mentor\/trainer.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration intervention also excel lent mean social reintegration reconciliation place excombatants already existing socioeconomic network consisting nonexcombatants mentor\/trainer ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.4. Apprenticeships and on-the-job training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeships and other forms of on-the-job training can be particularly effective as they are likely to result in more sustainable employment and fill the large gap in the avail- ability of training providers.Apprenticeships are a form of on-the-job training where employers agree by contract to train individuals (apprentices) in a particular trade for a fixed period of time. A reinte- gration programme can subsidize such learning and training opportunities by paying the trainees an allowance and\/or subsidizing the employers directly with equivalent wage support to take on apprentices for a fixed period. These interventions can also be an excel- lent means of social reintegration and reconciliation, as they place ex-combatants into an already existing socio-economic network consisting of non-ex-combatants through the mentor\/trainer. Apprenticeships are also a particularly effective form of training for youth employability as they impart technical and business skills and induct young people into a business culture and network of clients.In order to protect existing incentives for master craftspeople and apprentices to par- ticipate, apprenticeships should be carried out according to local traditions and norms regarding access, cost-sharing arrangements, duration and conditions for graduation, when appropriate. Skill certification mechanisms should be established to provide legiti- macy to those with existing skills as well as those acquiring new skills. Such certification is useful for potential future employers and consumers as a form of verification and con- fidence for employment.For trades with no apprenticeship system in place, other forms of on-the-job-training should be considered to support socio-economic reintegration. In addition, since fund- ing is often not sufficient within a reintegration programme to cover all training during apprenticeships, linkages to microfinance programmes should be established in an effort to address this gap.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":875, "Sentence":"Apprenticeships are also a particularly effective form of training for youth employability as they impart technical and business skills and induct young people into a business culture and network of clients.In order to protect existing incentives for master craftspeople and apprentices to par- ticipate, apprenticeships should be carried out according to local traditions and norms regarding access, cost-sharing arrangements, duration and conditions for graduation, when appropriate.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration apprenticeship also particularly effective form training youth employability impart technical business skill induct young people business culture network clients.in order protect existing incentive master craftspeople apprentice par ticipate apprenticeship carried according local tradition norm regarding access costsharing arrangement duration condition graduation appropriate ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.4. Apprenticeships and on-the-job training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeships and other forms of on-the-job training can be particularly effective as they are likely to result in more sustainable employment and fill the large gap in the avail- ability of training providers.Apprenticeships are a form of on-the-job training where employers agree by contract to train individuals (apprentices) in a particular trade for a fixed period of time. A reinte- gration programme can subsidize such learning and training opportunities by paying the trainees an allowance and\/or subsidizing the employers directly with equivalent wage support to take on apprentices for a fixed period. These interventions can also be an excel- lent means of social reintegration and reconciliation, as they place ex-combatants into an already existing socio-economic network consisting of non-ex-combatants through the mentor\/trainer. Apprenticeships are also a particularly effective form of training for youth employability as they impart technical and business skills and induct young people into a business culture and network of clients.In order to protect existing incentives for master craftspeople and apprentices to par- ticipate, apprenticeships should be carried out according to local traditions and norms regarding access, cost-sharing arrangements, duration and conditions for graduation, when appropriate. Skill certification mechanisms should be established to provide legiti- macy to those with existing skills as well as those acquiring new skills. Such certification is useful for potential future employers and consumers as a form of verification and con- fidence for employment.For trades with no apprenticeship system in place, other forms of on-the-job-training should be considered to support socio-economic reintegration. In addition, since fund- ing is often not sufficient within a reintegration programme to cover all training during apprenticeships, linkages to microfinance programmes should be established in an effort to address this gap.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":875, "Sentence":"Skill certification mechanisms should be established to provide legiti- macy to those with existing skills as well as those acquiring new skills.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration skill certification mechanism established provide legiti macy existing skill well acquiring new skill ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.4. Apprenticeships and on-the-job training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeships and other forms of on-the-job training can be particularly effective as they are likely to result in more sustainable employment and fill the large gap in the avail- ability of training providers.Apprenticeships are a form of on-the-job training where employers agree by contract to train individuals (apprentices) in a particular trade for a fixed period of time. A reinte- gration programme can subsidize such learning and training opportunities by paying the trainees an allowance and\/or subsidizing the employers directly with equivalent wage support to take on apprentices for a fixed period. These interventions can also be an excel- lent means of social reintegration and reconciliation, as they place ex-combatants into an already existing socio-economic network consisting of non-ex-combatants through the mentor\/trainer. Apprenticeships are also a particularly effective form of training for youth employability as they impart technical and business skills and induct young people into a business culture and network of clients.In order to protect existing incentives for master craftspeople and apprentices to par- ticipate, apprenticeships should be carried out according to local traditions and norms regarding access, cost-sharing arrangements, duration and conditions for graduation, when appropriate. Skill certification mechanisms should be established to provide legiti- macy to those with existing skills as well as those acquiring new skills. Such certification is useful for potential future employers and consumers as a form of verification and con- fidence for employment.For trades with no apprenticeship system in place, other forms of on-the-job-training should be considered to support socio-economic reintegration. In addition, since fund- ing is often not sufficient within a reintegration programme to cover all training during apprenticeships, linkages to microfinance programmes should be established in an effort to address this gap.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":875, "Sentence":"Such certification is useful for potential future employers and consumers as a form of verification and con- fidence for employment.For trades with no apprenticeship system in place, other forms of on-the-job-training should be considered to support socio-economic reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration certification useful potential future employer consumer form verification con fidence employment.for trade apprenticeship system place form onthejobtraining considered support socioeconomic reintegration ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.4. Apprenticeships and on-the-job training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeships and other forms of on-the-job training can be particularly effective as they are likely to result in more sustainable employment and fill the large gap in the avail- ability of training providers.Apprenticeships are a form of on-the-job training where employers agree by contract to train individuals (apprentices) in a particular trade for a fixed period of time. A reinte- gration programme can subsidize such learning and training opportunities by paying the trainees an allowance and\/or subsidizing the employers directly with equivalent wage support to take on apprentices for a fixed period. These interventions can also be an excel- lent means of social reintegration and reconciliation, as they place ex-combatants into an already existing socio-economic network consisting of non-ex-combatants through the mentor\/trainer. Apprenticeships are also a particularly effective form of training for youth employability as they impart technical and business skills and induct young people into a business culture and network of clients.In order to protect existing incentives for master craftspeople and apprentices to par- ticipate, apprenticeships should be carried out according to local traditions and norms regarding access, cost-sharing arrangements, duration and conditions for graduation, when appropriate. Skill certification mechanisms should be established to provide legiti- macy to those with existing skills as well as those acquiring new skills. Such certification is useful for potential future employers and consumers as a form of verification and con- fidence for employment.For trades with no apprenticeship system in place, other forms of on-the-job-training should be considered to support socio-economic reintegration. In addition, since fund- ing is often not sufficient within a reintegration programme to cover all training during apprenticeships, linkages to microfinance programmes should be established in an effort to address this gap.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":875, "Sentence":"In addition, since fund- ing is often not sufficient within a reintegration programme to cover all training during apprenticeships, linkages to microfinance programmes should be established in an effort to address this gap.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration addition since fund ing often sufficient within reintegration programme cover training apprenticeship linkage microfinance programme established effort address gap ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.5. Micro and small business training and start-ups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Since most programme participants will need to rely on the informal economy for employ- ment, a strong focus on self-employment through business training support will offer those with entrepreneurial drive an effective means to succeed independently. While the recovery and expansion of the private sector should be encouraged, it is often necessary to focus on creating new micro enterprises for most ex-combatants.Vocational training needs to be accompanied by the provision of access to micro- finance and start-up grants or tools to facilitate micro business and self-employment activities. If such institutions and mechanisms are already locally available, the reinte- gration programme should establish partnerships with them to ensure accessibility for programme participants. Consistent follow up of such programmes is extremely impor- tant, as many reintegration programme participants may be attempting self-employment for the first time and will need significant coaching and mentoring.The success of microfinance projects involves a significant amount of business skills training, for which provisions must be made for participants to attend (i.e. subsidies for food, transportation, childcare etc). Such assistance should culminate in a business plan. In situations of low literacy or illiteracy, a programme must begin with literacy training or must develop low literacy tools such as pictograms for accounting, stock management, market analysis, how to access micro-credit and other business functions. One of the most important parts of any micro-finance programme is the social benefit. Often the business skills and training are complemented by social education on a range of context-appropri- ate topics including reproductive health, HIV, peace building, conflict resolution, gender equality, and general sessions that work to build self-esteem and self-confidence.Reintegration programmes should also ensure that many different kinds of small businesses are started to avoid distorting the balance of supply and demand in local markets. In addition, these businesses should be based on market surveys that iden- tify businesses and services needed in a particular area. It is also important to ensure that the same businesses do not get support from multiple organizations. Finally, value chain analysis focusing on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in high demand niche market commodities, and linkage arrangements between micro enterprises as suppliers to medium and larger scale firms, should be sought out, thus helping to guarantee sustaina- bility for SMEs in an otherwise difficult post-conflict market environment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":876, "Sentence":"Since most programme participants will need to rely on the informal economy for employ- ment, a strong focus on self-employment through business training support will offer those with entrepreneurial drive an effective means to succeed independently.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration since programme participant need rely informal economy employ ment strong focus selfemployment business training support offer entrepreneurial drive effective mean succeed independently ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.5. Micro and small business training and start-ups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Since most programme participants will need to rely on the informal economy for employ- ment, a strong focus on self-employment through business training support will offer those with entrepreneurial drive an effective means to succeed independently. While the recovery and expansion of the private sector should be encouraged, it is often necessary to focus on creating new micro enterprises for most ex-combatants.Vocational training needs to be accompanied by the provision of access to micro- finance and start-up grants or tools to facilitate micro business and self-employment activities. If such institutions and mechanisms are already locally available, the reinte- gration programme should establish partnerships with them to ensure accessibility for programme participants. Consistent follow up of such programmes is extremely impor- tant, as many reintegration programme participants may be attempting self-employment for the first time and will need significant coaching and mentoring.The success of microfinance projects involves a significant amount of business skills training, for which provisions must be made for participants to attend (i.e. subsidies for food, transportation, childcare etc). Such assistance should culminate in a business plan. In situations of low literacy or illiteracy, a programme must begin with literacy training or must develop low literacy tools such as pictograms for accounting, stock management, market analysis, how to access micro-credit and other business functions. One of the most important parts of any micro-finance programme is the social benefit. Often the business skills and training are complemented by social education on a range of context-appropri- ate topics including reproductive health, HIV, peace building, conflict resolution, gender equality, and general sessions that work to build self-esteem and self-confidence.Reintegration programmes should also ensure that many different kinds of small businesses are started to avoid distorting the balance of supply and demand in local markets. In addition, these businesses should be based on market surveys that iden- tify businesses and services needed in a particular area. It is also important to ensure that the same businesses do not get support from multiple organizations. Finally, value chain analysis focusing on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in high demand niche market commodities, and linkage arrangements between micro enterprises as suppliers to medium and larger scale firms, should be sought out, thus helping to guarantee sustaina- bility for SMEs in an otherwise difficult post-conflict market environment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":876, "Sentence":"While the recovery and expansion of the private sector should be encouraged, it is often necessary to focus on creating new micro enterprises for most ex-combatants.Vocational training needs to be accompanied by the provision of access to micro- finance and start-up grants or tools to facilitate micro business and self-employment activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration recovery expansion private sector encouraged often necessary focus creating new micro enterprise excombatants.vocational training need accompanied provision access micro finance startup grant tool facilitate micro business selfemployment activity ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.5. Micro and small business training and start-ups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Since most programme participants will need to rely on the informal economy for employ- ment, a strong focus on self-employment through business training support will offer those with entrepreneurial drive an effective means to succeed independently. While the recovery and expansion of the private sector should be encouraged, it is often necessary to focus on creating new micro enterprises for most ex-combatants.Vocational training needs to be accompanied by the provision of access to micro- finance and start-up grants or tools to facilitate micro business and self-employment activities. If such institutions and mechanisms are already locally available, the reinte- gration programme should establish partnerships with them to ensure accessibility for programme participants. Consistent follow up of such programmes is extremely impor- tant, as many reintegration programme participants may be attempting self-employment for the first time and will need significant coaching and mentoring.The success of microfinance projects involves a significant amount of business skills training, for which provisions must be made for participants to attend (i.e. subsidies for food, transportation, childcare etc). Such assistance should culminate in a business plan. In situations of low literacy or illiteracy, a programme must begin with literacy training or must develop low literacy tools such as pictograms for accounting, stock management, market analysis, how to access micro-credit and other business functions. One of the most important parts of any micro-finance programme is the social benefit. Often the business skills and training are complemented by social education on a range of context-appropri- ate topics including reproductive health, HIV, peace building, conflict resolution, gender equality, and general sessions that work to build self-esteem and self-confidence.Reintegration programmes should also ensure that many different kinds of small businesses are started to avoid distorting the balance of supply and demand in local markets. In addition, these businesses should be based on market surveys that iden- tify businesses and services needed in a particular area. It is also important to ensure that the same businesses do not get support from multiple organizations. Finally, value chain analysis focusing on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in high demand niche market commodities, and linkage arrangements between micro enterprises as suppliers to medium and larger scale firms, should be sought out, thus helping to guarantee sustaina- bility for SMEs in an otherwise difficult post-conflict market environment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":876, "Sentence":"If such institutions and mechanisms are already locally available, the reinte- gration programme should establish partnerships with them to ensure accessibility for programme participants.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration institution mechanism already locally available reinte gration programme establish partnership ensure accessibility programme participant ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.5. Micro and small business training and start-ups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Since most programme participants will need to rely on the informal economy for employ- ment, a strong focus on self-employment through business training support will offer those with entrepreneurial drive an effective means to succeed independently. While the recovery and expansion of the private sector should be encouraged, it is often necessary to focus on creating new micro enterprises for most ex-combatants.Vocational training needs to be accompanied by the provision of access to micro- finance and start-up grants or tools to facilitate micro business and self-employment activities. If such institutions and mechanisms are already locally available, the reinte- gration programme should establish partnerships with them to ensure accessibility for programme participants. Consistent follow up of such programmes is extremely impor- tant, as many reintegration programme participants may be attempting self-employment for the first time and will need significant coaching and mentoring.The success of microfinance projects involves a significant amount of business skills training, for which provisions must be made for participants to attend (i.e. subsidies for food, transportation, childcare etc). Such assistance should culminate in a business plan. In situations of low literacy or illiteracy, a programme must begin with literacy training or must develop low literacy tools such as pictograms for accounting, stock management, market analysis, how to access micro-credit and other business functions. One of the most important parts of any micro-finance programme is the social benefit. Often the business skills and training are complemented by social education on a range of context-appropri- ate topics including reproductive health, HIV, peace building, conflict resolution, gender equality, and general sessions that work to build self-esteem and self-confidence.Reintegration programmes should also ensure that many different kinds of small businesses are started to avoid distorting the balance of supply and demand in local markets. In addition, these businesses should be based on market surveys that iden- tify businesses and services needed in a particular area. It is also important to ensure that the same businesses do not get support from multiple organizations. Finally, value chain analysis focusing on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in high demand niche market commodities, and linkage arrangements between micro enterprises as suppliers to medium and larger scale firms, should be sought out, thus helping to guarantee sustaina- bility for SMEs in an otherwise difficult post-conflict market environment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":876, "Sentence":"Consistent follow up of such programmes is extremely impor- tant, as many reintegration programme participants may be attempting self-employment for the first time and will need significant coaching and mentoring.The success of microfinance projects involves a significant amount of business skills training, for which provisions must be made for participants to attend (i.e.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration consistent follow programme extremely impor tant many reintegration programme participant may attempting selfemployment first time need significant coaching mentoring.the success microfinance project involves significant amount business skill training provision must made participant attend i.e ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.5. Micro and small business training and start-ups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Since most programme participants will need to rely on the informal economy for employ- ment, a strong focus on self-employment through business training support will offer those with entrepreneurial drive an effective means to succeed independently. While the recovery and expansion of the private sector should be encouraged, it is often necessary to focus on creating new micro enterprises for most ex-combatants.Vocational training needs to be accompanied by the provision of access to micro- finance and start-up grants or tools to facilitate micro business and self-employment activities. If such institutions and mechanisms are already locally available, the reinte- gration programme should establish partnerships with them to ensure accessibility for programme participants. Consistent follow up of such programmes is extremely impor- tant, as many reintegration programme participants may be attempting self-employment for the first time and will need significant coaching and mentoring.The success of microfinance projects involves a significant amount of business skills training, for which provisions must be made for participants to attend (i.e. subsidies for food, transportation, childcare etc). Such assistance should culminate in a business plan. In situations of low literacy or illiteracy, a programme must begin with literacy training or must develop low literacy tools such as pictograms for accounting, stock management, market analysis, how to access micro-credit and other business functions. One of the most important parts of any micro-finance programme is the social benefit. Often the business skills and training are complemented by social education on a range of context-appropri- ate topics including reproductive health, HIV, peace building, conflict resolution, gender equality, and general sessions that work to build self-esteem and self-confidence.Reintegration programmes should also ensure that many different kinds of small businesses are started to avoid distorting the balance of supply and demand in local markets. In addition, these businesses should be based on market surveys that iden- tify businesses and services needed in a particular area. It is also important to ensure that the same businesses do not get support from multiple organizations. Finally, value chain analysis focusing on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in high demand niche market commodities, and linkage arrangements between micro enterprises as suppliers to medium and larger scale firms, should be sought out, thus helping to guarantee sustaina- bility for SMEs in an otherwise difficult post-conflict market environment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":876, "Sentence":"subsidies for food, transportation, childcare etc).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration subsidy food transportation childcare etc ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.5. Micro and small business training and start-ups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Since most programme participants will need to rely on the informal economy for employ- ment, a strong focus on self-employment through business training support will offer those with entrepreneurial drive an effective means to succeed independently. While the recovery and expansion of the private sector should be encouraged, it is often necessary to focus on creating new micro enterprises for most ex-combatants.Vocational training needs to be accompanied by the provision of access to micro- finance and start-up grants or tools to facilitate micro business and self-employment activities. If such institutions and mechanisms are already locally available, the reinte- gration programme should establish partnerships with them to ensure accessibility for programme participants. Consistent follow up of such programmes is extremely impor- tant, as many reintegration programme participants may be attempting self-employment for the first time and will need significant coaching and mentoring.The success of microfinance projects involves a significant amount of business skills training, for which provisions must be made for participants to attend (i.e. subsidies for food, transportation, childcare etc). Such assistance should culminate in a business plan. In situations of low literacy or illiteracy, a programme must begin with literacy training or must develop low literacy tools such as pictograms for accounting, stock management, market analysis, how to access micro-credit and other business functions. One of the most important parts of any micro-finance programme is the social benefit. Often the business skills and training are complemented by social education on a range of context-appropri- ate topics including reproductive health, HIV, peace building, conflict resolution, gender equality, and general sessions that work to build self-esteem and self-confidence.Reintegration programmes should also ensure that many different kinds of small businesses are started to avoid distorting the balance of supply and demand in local markets. In addition, these businesses should be based on market surveys that iden- tify businesses and services needed in a particular area. It is also important to ensure that the same businesses do not get support from multiple organizations. Finally, value chain analysis focusing on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in high demand niche market commodities, and linkage arrangements between micro enterprises as suppliers to medium and larger scale firms, should be sought out, thus helping to guarantee sustaina- bility for SMEs in an otherwise difficult post-conflict market environment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":876, "Sentence":"Such assistance should culminate in a business plan.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration assistance culminate business plan ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.5. Micro and small business training and start-ups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Since most programme participants will need to rely on the informal economy for employ- ment, a strong focus on self-employment through business training support will offer those with entrepreneurial drive an effective means to succeed independently. While the recovery and expansion of the private sector should be encouraged, it is often necessary to focus on creating new micro enterprises for most ex-combatants.Vocational training needs to be accompanied by the provision of access to micro- finance and start-up grants or tools to facilitate micro business and self-employment activities. If such institutions and mechanisms are already locally available, the reinte- gration programme should establish partnerships with them to ensure accessibility for programme participants. Consistent follow up of such programmes is extremely impor- tant, as many reintegration programme participants may be attempting self-employment for the first time and will need significant coaching and mentoring.The success of microfinance projects involves a significant amount of business skills training, for which provisions must be made for participants to attend (i.e. subsidies for food, transportation, childcare etc). Such assistance should culminate in a business plan. In situations of low literacy or illiteracy, a programme must begin with literacy training or must develop low literacy tools such as pictograms for accounting, stock management, market analysis, how to access micro-credit and other business functions. One of the most important parts of any micro-finance programme is the social benefit. Often the business skills and training are complemented by social education on a range of context-appropri- ate topics including reproductive health, HIV, peace building, conflict resolution, gender equality, and general sessions that work to build self-esteem and self-confidence.Reintegration programmes should also ensure that many different kinds of small businesses are started to avoid distorting the balance of supply and demand in local markets. In addition, these businesses should be based on market surveys that iden- tify businesses and services needed in a particular area. It is also important to ensure that the same businesses do not get support from multiple organizations. Finally, value chain analysis focusing on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in high demand niche market commodities, and linkage arrangements between micro enterprises as suppliers to medium and larger scale firms, should be sought out, thus helping to guarantee sustaina- bility for SMEs in an otherwise difficult post-conflict market environment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":876, "Sentence":"In situations of low literacy or illiteracy, a programme must begin with literacy training or must develop low literacy tools such as pictograms for accounting, stock management, market analysis, how to access micro-credit and other business functions.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration situation low literacy illiteracy programme must begin literacy training must develop low literacy tool pictograms accounting stock management market analysis access microcredit business function ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.5. Micro and small business training and start-ups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Since most programme participants will need to rely on the informal economy for employ- ment, a strong focus on self-employment through business training support will offer those with entrepreneurial drive an effective means to succeed independently. While the recovery and expansion of the private sector should be encouraged, it is often necessary to focus on creating new micro enterprises for most ex-combatants.Vocational training needs to be accompanied by the provision of access to micro- finance and start-up grants or tools to facilitate micro business and self-employment activities. If such institutions and mechanisms are already locally available, the reinte- gration programme should establish partnerships with them to ensure accessibility for programme participants. Consistent follow up of such programmes is extremely impor- tant, as many reintegration programme participants may be attempting self-employment for the first time and will need significant coaching and mentoring.The success of microfinance projects involves a significant amount of business skills training, for which provisions must be made for participants to attend (i.e. subsidies for food, transportation, childcare etc). Such assistance should culminate in a business plan. In situations of low literacy or illiteracy, a programme must begin with literacy training or must develop low literacy tools such as pictograms for accounting, stock management, market analysis, how to access micro-credit and other business functions. One of the most important parts of any micro-finance programme is the social benefit. Often the business skills and training are complemented by social education on a range of context-appropri- ate topics including reproductive health, HIV, peace building, conflict resolution, gender equality, and general sessions that work to build self-esteem and self-confidence.Reintegration programmes should also ensure that many different kinds of small businesses are started to avoid distorting the balance of supply and demand in local markets. In addition, these businesses should be based on market surveys that iden- tify businesses and services needed in a particular area. It is also important to ensure that the same businesses do not get support from multiple organizations. Finally, value chain analysis focusing on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in high demand niche market commodities, and linkage arrangements between micro enterprises as suppliers to medium and larger scale firms, should be sought out, thus helping to guarantee sustaina- bility for SMEs in an otherwise difficult post-conflict market environment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":876, "Sentence":"One of the most important parts of any micro-finance programme is the social benefit.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration one important part microfinance programme social benefit ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.5. Micro and small business training and start-ups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Since most programme participants will need to rely on the informal economy for employ- ment, a strong focus on self-employment through business training support will offer those with entrepreneurial drive an effective means to succeed independently. While the recovery and expansion of the private sector should be encouraged, it is often necessary to focus on creating new micro enterprises for most ex-combatants.Vocational training needs to be accompanied by the provision of access to micro- finance and start-up grants or tools to facilitate micro business and self-employment activities. If such institutions and mechanisms are already locally available, the reinte- gration programme should establish partnerships with them to ensure accessibility for programme participants. Consistent follow up of such programmes is extremely impor- tant, as many reintegration programme participants may be attempting self-employment for the first time and will need significant coaching and mentoring.The success of microfinance projects involves a significant amount of business skills training, for which provisions must be made for participants to attend (i.e. subsidies for food, transportation, childcare etc). Such assistance should culminate in a business plan. In situations of low literacy or illiteracy, a programme must begin with literacy training or must develop low literacy tools such as pictograms for accounting, stock management, market analysis, how to access micro-credit and other business functions. One of the most important parts of any micro-finance programme is the social benefit. Often the business skills and training are complemented by social education on a range of context-appropri- ate topics including reproductive health, HIV, peace building, conflict resolution, gender equality, and general sessions that work to build self-esteem and self-confidence.Reintegration programmes should also ensure that many different kinds of small businesses are started to avoid distorting the balance of supply and demand in local markets. In addition, these businesses should be based on market surveys that iden- tify businesses and services needed in a particular area. It is also important to ensure that the same businesses do not get support from multiple organizations. Finally, value chain analysis focusing on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in high demand niche market commodities, and linkage arrangements between micro enterprises as suppliers to medium and larger scale firms, should be sought out, thus helping to guarantee sustaina- bility for SMEs in an otherwise difficult post-conflict market environment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":876, "Sentence":"Often the business skills and training are complemented by social education on a range of context-appropri- ate topics including reproductive health, HIV, peace building, conflict resolution, gender equality, and general sessions that work to build self-esteem and self-confidence.Reintegration programmes should also ensure that many different kinds of small businesses are started to avoid distorting the balance of supply and demand in local markets.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration often business skill training complemented social education range contextappropri ate topic including reproductive health hiv peace building conflict resolution gender equality general session work build selfesteem selfconfidence.reintegration programme also ensure many different kind small business started avoid distorting balance supply demand local market ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.5. Micro and small business training and start-ups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Since most programme participants will need to rely on the informal economy for employ- ment, a strong focus on self-employment through business training support will offer those with entrepreneurial drive an effective means to succeed independently. While the recovery and expansion of the private sector should be encouraged, it is often necessary to focus on creating new micro enterprises for most ex-combatants.Vocational training needs to be accompanied by the provision of access to micro- finance and start-up grants or tools to facilitate micro business and self-employment activities. If such institutions and mechanisms are already locally available, the reinte- gration programme should establish partnerships with them to ensure accessibility for programme participants. Consistent follow up of such programmes is extremely impor- tant, as many reintegration programme participants may be attempting self-employment for the first time and will need significant coaching and mentoring.The success of microfinance projects involves a significant amount of business skills training, for which provisions must be made for participants to attend (i.e. subsidies for food, transportation, childcare etc). Such assistance should culminate in a business plan. In situations of low literacy or illiteracy, a programme must begin with literacy training or must develop low literacy tools such as pictograms for accounting, stock management, market analysis, how to access micro-credit and other business functions. One of the most important parts of any micro-finance programme is the social benefit. Often the business skills and training are complemented by social education on a range of context-appropri- ate topics including reproductive health, HIV, peace building, conflict resolution, gender equality, and general sessions that work to build self-esteem and self-confidence.Reintegration programmes should also ensure that many different kinds of small businesses are started to avoid distorting the balance of supply and demand in local markets. In addition, these businesses should be based on market surveys that iden- tify businesses and services needed in a particular area. It is also important to ensure that the same businesses do not get support from multiple organizations. Finally, value chain analysis focusing on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in high demand niche market commodities, and linkage arrangements between micro enterprises as suppliers to medium and larger scale firms, should be sought out, thus helping to guarantee sustaina- bility for SMEs in an otherwise difficult post-conflict market environment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":876, "Sentence":"In addition, these businesses should be based on market surveys that iden- tify businesses and services needed in a particular area.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration addition business based market survey iden tify business service needed particular area ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.5. Micro and small business training and start-ups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Since most programme participants will need to rely on the informal economy for employ- ment, a strong focus on self-employment through business training support will offer those with entrepreneurial drive an effective means to succeed independently. While the recovery and expansion of the private sector should be encouraged, it is often necessary to focus on creating new micro enterprises for most ex-combatants.Vocational training needs to be accompanied by the provision of access to micro- finance and start-up grants or tools to facilitate micro business and self-employment activities. If such institutions and mechanisms are already locally available, the reinte- gration programme should establish partnerships with them to ensure accessibility for programme participants. Consistent follow up of such programmes is extremely impor- tant, as many reintegration programme participants may be attempting self-employment for the first time and will need significant coaching and mentoring.The success of microfinance projects involves a significant amount of business skills training, for which provisions must be made for participants to attend (i.e. subsidies for food, transportation, childcare etc). Such assistance should culminate in a business plan. In situations of low literacy or illiteracy, a programme must begin with literacy training or must develop low literacy tools such as pictograms for accounting, stock management, market analysis, how to access micro-credit and other business functions. One of the most important parts of any micro-finance programme is the social benefit. Often the business skills and training are complemented by social education on a range of context-appropri- ate topics including reproductive health, HIV, peace building, conflict resolution, gender equality, and general sessions that work to build self-esteem and self-confidence.Reintegration programmes should also ensure that many different kinds of small businesses are started to avoid distorting the balance of supply and demand in local markets. In addition, these businesses should be based on market surveys that iden- tify businesses and services needed in a particular area. It is also important to ensure that the same businesses do not get support from multiple organizations. Finally, value chain analysis focusing on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in high demand niche market commodities, and linkage arrangements between micro enterprises as suppliers to medium and larger scale firms, should be sought out, thus helping to guarantee sustaina- bility for SMEs in an otherwise difficult post-conflict market environment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":876, "Sentence":"It is also important to ensure that the same businesses do not get support from multiple organizations.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration also important ensure business get support multiple organization ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.3. Employability of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"9.3.5. Micro and small business training and start-ups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Since most programme participants will need to rely on the informal economy for employ- ment, a strong focus on self-employment through business training support will offer those with entrepreneurial drive an effective means to succeed independently. While the recovery and expansion of the private sector should be encouraged, it is often necessary to focus on creating new micro enterprises for most ex-combatants.Vocational training needs to be accompanied by the provision of access to micro- finance and start-up grants or tools to facilitate micro business and self-employment activities. If such institutions and mechanisms are already locally available, the reinte- gration programme should establish partnerships with them to ensure accessibility for programme participants. Consistent follow up of such programmes is extremely impor- tant, as many reintegration programme participants may be attempting self-employment for the first time and will need significant coaching and mentoring.The success of microfinance projects involves a significant amount of business skills training, for which provisions must be made for participants to attend (i.e. subsidies for food, transportation, childcare etc). Such assistance should culminate in a business plan. In situations of low literacy or illiteracy, a programme must begin with literacy training or must develop low literacy tools such as pictograms for accounting, stock management, market analysis, how to access micro-credit and other business functions. One of the most important parts of any micro-finance programme is the social benefit. Often the business skills and training are complemented by social education on a range of context-appropri- ate topics including reproductive health, HIV, peace building, conflict resolution, gender equality, and general sessions that work to build self-esteem and self-confidence.Reintegration programmes should also ensure that many different kinds of small businesses are started to avoid distorting the balance of supply and demand in local markets. In addition, these businesses should be based on market surveys that iden- tify businesses and services needed in a particular area. It is also important to ensure that the same businesses do not get support from multiple organizations. Finally, value chain analysis focusing on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in high demand niche market commodities, and linkage arrangements between micro enterprises as suppliers to medium and larger scale firms, should be sought out, thus helping to guarantee sustaina- bility for SMEs in an otherwise difficult post-conflict market environment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":876, "Sentence":"Finally, value chain analysis focusing on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in high demand niche market commodities, and linkage arrangements between micro enterprises as suppliers to medium and larger scale firms, should be sought out, thus helping to guarantee sustaina- bility for SMEs in an otherwise difficult post-conflict market environment.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration finally value chain analysis focusing small medium enterprise smes high demand niche market commodity linkage arrangement micro enterprise supplier medium larger scale firm sought thus helping guarantee sustaina bility smes otherwise difficult postconflict market environment ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"A national enabling environment for job creation and decent work is essential as con- sensus-building and policy development take time. Enabling policies and programmes therefore need to be initiated early and supported by DDR planners. The ILO Guidelines for the Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants identify the following key factors for creating such an environment at the policy level:3 \\n Strongly considering policy choices that ensure that infrastructure production and maintenance rely on local labour, local technical capacity and local materials to the greatest extent possible. \\n Supporting national policies for labour-intensive work that are especially suitable for employing large numbers of ex-combatants. \\n Reviewing and supporting national policies and legislation to create an enabling environment for private sector and small and medium enterprise (SME) development in rural and urban areas. This should include incentives for local companies to hire high-risk groups, often linked to reconstruction and rehabilitation. It should also consider the role of the private sector in supporting conflict-sensitive business devel- opment and in aiding in the transition from a war to peace economy. \\n Recognizing potential limitations within the post-conflict context when supporting particular national policies. \\n Identifying priority economic sectors with potential of rapid expansion and job creation.International assistance should be aligned with national priorities in building capac- ities to support and\/or implement these policies. Early support and capacity-building within the NCDDR and line ministries relevant to reintegration should be aligned with an element of wider reintegration assistance and long-term recovery and development.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":877, "Sentence":"A national enabling environment for job creation and decent work is essential as con- sensus-building and policy development take time.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration national enabling environment job creation decent work essential con sensusbuilding policy development take time ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"A national enabling environment for job creation and decent work is essential as con- sensus-building and policy development take time. Enabling policies and programmes therefore need to be initiated early and supported by DDR planners. The ILO Guidelines for the Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants identify the following key factors for creating such an environment at the policy level:3 \\n Strongly considering policy choices that ensure that infrastructure production and maintenance rely on local labour, local technical capacity and local materials to the greatest extent possible. \\n Supporting national policies for labour-intensive work that are especially suitable for employing large numbers of ex-combatants. \\n Reviewing and supporting national policies and legislation to create an enabling environment for private sector and small and medium enterprise (SME) development in rural and urban areas. This should include incentives for local companies to hire high-risk groups, often linked to reconstruction and rehabilitation. It should also consider the role of the private sector in supporting conflict-sensitive business devel- opment and in aiding in the transition from a war to peace economy. \\n Recognizing potential limitations within the post-conflict context when supporting particular national policies. \\n Identifying priority economic sectors with potential of rapid expansion and job creation.International assistance should be aligned with national priorities in building capac- ities to support and\/or implement these policies. Early support and capacity-building within the NCDDR and line ministries relevant to reintegration should be aligned with an element of wider reintegration assistance and long-term recovery and development.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":877, "Sentence":"Enabling policies and programmes therefore need to be initiated early and supported by DDR planners.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration enabling policy programme therefore need initiated early supported ddr planner ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"A national enabling environment for job creation and decent work is essential as con- sensus-building and policy development take time. Enabling policies and programmes therefore need to be initiated early and supported by DDR planners. The ILO Guidelines for the Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants identify the following key factors for creating such an environment at the policy level:3 \\n Strongly considering policy choices that ensure that infrastructure production and maintenance rely on local labour, local technical capacity and local materials to the greatest extent possible. \\n Supporting national policies for labour-intensive work that are especially suitable for employing large numbers of ex-combatants. \\n Reviewing and supporting national policies and legislation to create an enabling environment for private sector and small and medium enterprise (SME) development in rural and urban areas. This should include incentives for local companies to hire high-risk groups, often linked to reconstruction and rehabilitation. It should also consider the role of the private sector in supporting conflict-sensitive business devel- opment and in aiding in the transition from a war to peace economy. \\n Recognizing potential limitations within the post-conflict context when supporting particular national policies. \\n Identifying priority economic sectors with potential of rapid expansion and job creation.International assistance should be aligned with national priorities in building capac- ities to support and\/or implement these policies. Early support and capacity-building within the NCDDR and line ministries relevant to reintegration should be aligned with an element of wider reintegration assistance and long-term recovery and development.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":877, "Sentence":"The ILO Guidelines for the Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants identify the following key factors for creating such an environment at the policy level:3 \\n Strongly considering policy choices that ensure that infrastructure production and maintenance rely on local labour, local technical capacity and local materials to the greatest extent possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ilo guideline socioeconomic reintegration excombatants identify following key factor creating environment policy level3 n strongly considering policy choice ensure infrastructure production maintenance rely local labour local technical capacity local material greatest extent possible ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"A national enabling environment for job creation and decent work is essential as con- sensus-building and policy development take time. Enabling policies and programmes therefore need to be initiated early and supported by DDR planners. The ILO Guidelines for the Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants identify the following key factors for creating such an environment at the policy level:3 \\n Strongly considering policy choices that ensure that infrastructure production and maintenance rely on local labour, local technical capacity and local materials to the greatest extent possible. \\n Supporting national policies for labour-intensive work that are especially suitable for employing large numbers of ex-combatants. \\n Reviewing and supporting national policies and legislation to create an enabling environment for private sector and small and medium enterprise (SME) development in rural and urban areas. This should include incentives for local companies to hire high-risk groups, often linked to reconstruction and rehabilitation. It should also consider the role of the private sector in supporting conflict-sensitive business devel- opment and in aiding in the transition from a war to peace economy. \\n Recognizing potential limitations within the post-conflict context when supporting particular national policies. \\n Identifying priority economic sectors with potential of rapid expansion and job creation.International assistance should be aligned with national priorities in building capac- ities to support and\/or implement these policies. Early support and capacity-building within the NCDDR and line ministries relevant to reintegration should be aligned with an element of wider reintegration assistance and long-term recovery and development.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":877, "Sentence":"\\n Supporting national policies for labour-intensive work that are especially suitable for employing large numbers of ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n supporting national policy labourintensive work especially suitable employing large number excombatants ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"A national enabling environment for job creation and decent work is essential as con- sensus-building and policy development take time. Enabling policies and programmes therefore need to be initiated early and supported by DDR planners. The ILO Guidelines for the Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants identify the following key factors for creating such an environment at the policy level:3 \\n Strongly considering policy choices that ensure that infrastructure production and maintenance rely on local labour, local technical capacity and local materials to the greatest extent possible. \\n Supporting national policies for labour-intensive work that are especially suitable for employing large numbers of ex-combatants. \\n Reviewing and supporting national policies and legislation to create an enabling environment for private sector and small and medium enterprise (SME) development in rural and urban areas. This should include incentives for local companies to hire high-risk groups, often linked to reconstruction and rehabilitation. It should also consider the role of the private sector in supporting conflict-sensitive business devel- opment and in aiding in the transition from a war to peace economy. \\n Recognizing potential limitations within the post-conflict context when supporting particular national policies. \\n Identifying priority economic sectors with potential of rapid expansion and job creation.International assistance should be aligned with national priorities in building capac- ities to support and\/or implement these policies. Early support and capacity-building within the NCDDR and line ministries relevant to reintegration should be aligned with an element of wider reintegration assistance and long-term recovery and development.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":877, "Sentence":"\\n Reviewing and supporting national policies and legislation to create an enabling environment for private sector and small and medium enterprise (SME) development in rural and urban areas.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n reviewing supporting national policy legislation create enabling environment private sector small medium enterprise sme development rural urban area ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"A national enabling environment for job creation and decent work is essential as con- sensus-building and policy development take time. Enabling policies and programmes therefore need to be initiated early and supported by DDR planners. The ILO Guidelines for the Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants identify the following key factors for creating such an environment at the policy level:3 \\n Strongly considering policy choices that ensure that infrastructure production and maintenance rely on local labour, local technical capacity and local materials to the greatest extent possible. \\n Supporting national policies for labour-intensive work that are especially suitable for employing large numbers of ex-combatants. \\n Reviewing and supporting national policies and legislation to create an enabling environment for private sector and small and medium enterprise (SME) development in rural and urban areas. This should include incentives for local companies to hire high-risk groups, often linked to reconstruction and rehabilitation. It should also consider the role of the private sector in supporting conflict-sensitive business devel- opment and in aiding in the transition from a war to peace economy. \\n Recognizing potential limitations within the post-conflict context when supporting particular national policies. \\n Identifying priority economic sectors with potential of rapid expansion and job creation.International assistance should be aligned with national priorities in building capac- ities to support and\/or implement these policies. Early support and capacity-building within the NCDDR and line ministries relevant to reintegration should be aligned with an element of wider reintegration assistance and long-term recovery and development.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":877, "Sentence":"This should include incentives for local companies to hire high-risk groups, often linked to reconstruction and rehabilitation.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration include incentive local company hire highrisk group often linked reconstruction rehabilitation ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"A national enabling environment for job creation and decent work is essential as con- sensus-building and policy development take time. Enabling policies and programmes therefore need to be initiated early and supported by DDR planners. The ILO Guidelines for the Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants identify the following key factors for creating such an environment at the policy level:3 \\n Strongly considering policy choices that ensure that infrastructure production and maintenance rely on local labour, local technical capacity and local materials to the greatest extent possible. \\n Supporting national policies for labour-intensive work that are especially suitable for employing large numbers of ex-combatants. \\n Reviewing and supporting national policies and legislation to create an enabling environment for private sector and small and medium enterprise (SME) development in rural and urban areas. This should include incentives for local companies to hire high-risk groups, often linked to reconstruction and rehabilitation. It should also consider the role of the private sector in supporting conflict-sensitive business devel- opment and in aiding in the transition from a war to peace economy. \\n Recognizing potential limitations within the post-conflict context when supporting particular national policies. \\n Identifying priority economic sectors with potential of rapid expansion and job creation.International assistance should be aligned with national priorities in building capac- ities to support and\/or implement these policies. Early support and capacity-building within the NCDDR and line ministries relevant to reintegration should be aligned with an element of wider reintegration assistance and long-term recovery and development.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":877, "Sentence":"It should also consider the role of the private sector in supporting conflict-sensitive business devel- opment and in aiding in the transition from a war to peace economy.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration also consider role private sector supporting conflictsensitive business devel opment aiding transition war peace economy ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"A national enabling environment for job creation and decent work is essential as con- sensus-building and policy development take time. Enabling policies and programmes therefore need to be initiated early and supported by DDR planners. The ILO Guidelines for the Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants identify the following key factors for creating such an environment at the policy level:3 \\n Strongly considering policy choices that ensure that infrastructure production and maintenance rely on local labour, local technical capacity and local materials to the greatest extent possible. \\n Supporting national policies for labour-intensive work that are especially suitable for employing large numbers of ex-combatants. \\n Reviewing and supporting national policies and legislation to create an enabling environment for private sector and small and medium enterprise (SME) development in rural and urban areas. This should include incentives for local companies to hire high-risk groups, often linked to reconstruction and rehabilitation. It should also consider the role of the private sector in supporting conflict-sensitive business devel- opment and in aiding in the transition from a war to peace economy. \\n Recognizing potential limitations within the post-conflict context when supporting particular national policies. \\n Identifying priority economic sectors with potential of rapid expansion and job creation.International assistance should be aligned with national priorities in building capac- ities to support and\/or implement these policies. Early support and capacity-building within the NCDDR and line ministries relevant to reintegration should be aligned with an element of wider reintegration assistance and long-term recovery and development.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":877, "Sentence":"\\n Recognizing potential limitations within the post-conflict context when supporting particular national policies.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n recognizing potential limitation within postconflict context supporting particular national policy ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"A national enabling environment for job creation and decent work is essential as con- sensus-building and policy development take time. Enabling policies and programmes therefore need to be initiated early and supported by DDR planners. The ILO Guidelines for the Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants identify the following key factors for creating such an environment at the policy level:3 \\n Strongly considering policy choices that ensure that infrastructure production and maintenance rely on local labour, local technical capacity and local materials to the greatest extent possible. \\n Supporting national policies for labour-intensive work that are especially suitable for employing large numbers of ex-combatants. \\n Reviewing and supporting national policies and legislation to create an enabling environment for private sector and small and medium enterprise (SME) development in rural and urban areas. This should include incentives for local companies to hire high-risk groups, often linked to reconstruction and rehabilitation. It should also consider the role of the private sector in supporting conflict-sensitive business devel- opment and in aiding in the transition from a war to peace economy. \\n Recognizing potential limitations within the post-conflict context when supporting particular national policies. \\n Identifying priority economic sectors with potential of rapid expansion and job creation.International assistance should be aligned with national priorities in building capac- ities to support and\/or implement these policies. Early support and capacity-building within the NCDDR and line ministries relevant to reintegration should be aligned with an element of wider reintegration assistance and long-term recovery and development.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":877, "Sentence":"\\n Identifying priority economic sectors with potential of rapid expansion and job creation.International assistance should be aligned with national priorities in building capac- ities to support and\/or implement these policies.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n identifying priority economic sector potential rapid expansion job creation.international assistance aligned national priority building capac ities support and\/or implement policy ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"A national enabling environment for job creation and decent work is essential as con- sensus-building and policy development take time. Enabling policies and programmes therefore need to be initiated early and supported by DDR planners. The ILO Guidelines for the Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants identify the following key factors for creating such an environment at the policy level:3 \\n Strongly considering policy choices that ensure that infrastructure production and maintenance rely on local labour, local technical capacity and local materials to the greatest extent possible. \\n Supporting national policies for labour-intensive work that are especially suitable for employing large numbers of ex-combatants. \\n Reviewing and supporting national policies and legislation to create an enabling environment for private sector and small and medium enterprise (SME) development in rural and urban areas. This should include incentives for local companies to hire high-risk groups, often linked to reconstruction and rehabilitation. It should also consider the role of the private sector in supporting conflict-sensitive business devel- opment and in aiding in the transition from a war to peace economy. \\n Recognizing potential limitations within the post-conflict context when supporting particular national policies. \\n Identifying priority economic sectors with potential of rapid expansion and job creation.International assistance should be aligned with national priorities in building capac- ities to support and\/or implement these policies. Early support and capacity-building within the NCDDR and line ministries relevant to reintegration should be aligned with an element of wider reintegration assistance and long-term recovery and development.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":877, "Sentence":"Early support and capacity-building within the NCDDR and line ministries relevant to reintegration should be aligned with an element of wider reintegration assistance and long-term recovery and development.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration early support capacitybuilding within ncddr line ministry relevant reintegration aligned element wider reintegration assistance longterm recovery development ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.1. Private sector employment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes should ideally aim to place qualified ex-combatants in existing businesses. Nonetheless, this is often difficult since business owners may not be willing (i.e. due to negative perceptions of ex-combatants) or able (i.e. du to stark economic real- ities) to employ them. Reintegration programmes should therefore help to increase the opportunities available to ex-combatants by offering wage, training and equipment subsi- dies. These subsidies, however, should have the following conditions: \\n Wage subsidies should be partial and last for a fixed period of time; \\n In-kind donations of equipment or training to allow for the expansion of existing businesses should be explored in exchange for the employment of reintegration pro- gramme beneficiaries; \\n Newly hired ex-combatants should not take the jobs of workers who are already employed; \\n Employers should use the subsidies to expand their businesses and to provide long- term employment for ex-combatants.Providing business development services (BDS) can help overcome the difficulties faced by ex-combatants, such as lack of education, inadequate technical skills, poor access to markets and lack of information. In many post-conflict societies, government agen- cies lack the capacity to support and deliver services to micro- and small enterprises. Various actors, including businesses, local NGOs with experience in economic projects, governmental institutions and community groups should therefore be encouraged and supported to provide BDS.Governments should also be supported in the creation of a legal framework to ensure that labour rights are respected and that demobilized or other vulnerable groups are not exploited within the private sector. Concessions and contracts created between the private sector and the national, regional or local government must be transparent and conducted in such a way that affected communities are able to make their voices heard. In the case of extraction of natural resources upon which livelihoods and recovery depends, it is espe- cially important to be sure that the terms of the contracts are fair to the communities and local peoples, and that the contracts of private companies address human security. When it comes to job placement, DDR practitioners should also support affirmative action for disadvantaged groups where applicable. See section 8.1.4. on private sector involvement for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":878, "Sentence":"Reintegration programmes should ideally aim to place qualified ex-combatants in existing businesses.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration programme ideally aim place qualified excombatants existing business ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.1. Private sector employment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes should ideally aim to place qualified ex-combatants in existing businesses. Nonetheless, this is often difficult since business owners may not be willing (i.e. due to negative perceptions of ex-combatants) or able (i.e. du to stark economic real- ities) to employ them. Reintegration programmes should therefore help to increase the opportunities available to ex-combatants by offering wage, training and equipment subsi- dies. These subsidies, however, should have the following conditions: \\n Wage subsidies should be partial and last for a fixed period of time; \\n In-kind donations of equipment or training to allow for the expansion of existing businesses should be explored in exchange for the employment of reintegration pro- gramme beneficiaries; \\n Newly hired ex-combatants should not take the jobs of workers who are already employed; \\n Employers should use the subsidies to expand their businesses and to provide long- term employment for ex-combatants.Providing business development services (BDS) can help overcome the difficulties faced by ex-combatants, such as lack of education, inadequate technical skills, poor access to markets and lack of information. In many post-conflict societies, government agen- cies lack the capacity to support and deliver services to micro- and small enterprises. Various actors, including businesses, local NGOs with experience in economic projects, governmental institutions and community groups should therefore be encouraged and supported to provide BDS.Governments should also be supported in the creation of a legal framework to ensure that labour rights are respected and that demobilized or other vulnerable groups are not exploited within the private sector. Concessions and contracts created between the private sector and the national, regional or local government must be transparent and conducted in such a way that affected communities are able to make their voices heard. In the case of extraction of natural resources upon which livelihoods and recovery depends, it is espe- cially important to be sure that the terms of the contracts are fair to the communities and local peoples, and that the contracts of private companies address human security. When it comes to job placement, DDR practitioners should also support affirmative action for disadvantaged groups where applicable. See section 8.1.4. on private sector involvement for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":878, "Sentence":"Nonetheless, this is often difficult since business owners may not be willing (i.e.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration nonetheless often difficult since business owner may willing i.e ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.1. Private sector employment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes should ideally aim to place qualified ex-combatants in existing businesses. Nonetheless, this is often difficult since business owners may not be willing (i.e. due to negative perceptions of ex-combatants) or able (i.e. du to stark economic real- ities) to employ them. Reintegration programmes should therefore help to increase the opportunities available to ex-combatants by offering wage, training and equipment subsi- dies. These subsidies, however, should have the following conditions: \\n Wage subsidies should be partial and last for a fixed period of time; \\n In-kind donations of equipment or training to allow for the expansion of existing businesses should be explored in exchange for the employment of reintegration pro- gramme beneficiaries; \\n Newly hired ex-combatants should not take the jobs of workers who are already employed; \\n Employers should use the subsidies to expand their businesses and to provide long- term employment for ex-combatants.Providing business development services (BDS) can help overcome the difficulties faced by ex-combatants, such as lack of education, inadequate technical skills, poor access to markets and lack of information. In many post-conflict societies, government agen- cies lack the capacity to support and deliver services to micro- and small enterprises. Various actors, including businesses, local NGOs with experience in economic projects, governmental institutions and community groups should therefore be encouraged and supported to provide BDS.Governments should also be supported in the creation of a legal framework to ensure that labour rights are respected and that demobilized or other vulnerable groups are not exploited within the private sector. Concessions and contracts created between the private sector and the national, regional or local government must be transparent and conducted in such a way that affected communities are able to make their voices heard. In the case of extraction of natural resources upon which livelihoods and recovery depends, it is espe- cially important to be sure that the terms of the contracts are fair to the communities and local peoples, and that the contracts of private companies address human security. When it comes to job placement, DDR practitioners should also support affirmative action for disadvantaged groups where applicable. See section 8.1.4. on private sector involvement for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":878, "Sentence":"due to negative perceptions of ex-combatants) or able (i.e.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration due negative perception excombatants able i.e ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.1. Private sector employment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes should ideally aim to place qualified ex-combatants in existing businesses. Nonetheless, this is often difficult since business owners may not be willing (i.e. due to negative perceptions of ex-combatants) or able (i.e. du to stark economic real- ities) to employ them. Reintegration programmes should therefore help to increase the opportunities available to ex-combatants by offering wage, training and equipment subsi- dies. These subsidies, however, should have the following conditions: \\n Wage subsidies should be partial and last for a fixed period of time; \\n In-kind donations of equipment or training to allow for the expansion of existing businesses should be explored in exchange for the employment of reintegration pro- gramme beneficiaries; \\n Newly hired ex-combatants should not take the jobs of workers who are already employed; \\n Employers should use the subsidies to expand their businesses and to provide long- term employment for ex-combatants.Providing business development services (BDS) can help overcome the difficulties faced by ex-combatants, such as lack of education, inadequate technical skills, poor access to markets and lack of information. In many post-conflict societies, government agen- cies lack the capacity to support and deliver services to micro- and small enterprises. Various actors, including businesses, local NGOs with experience in economic projects, governmental institutions and community groups should therefore be encouraged and supported to provide BDS.Governments should also be supported in the creation of a legal framework to ensure that labour rights are respected and that demobilized or other vulnerable groups are not exploited within the private sector. Concessions and contracts created between the private sector and the national, regional or local government must be transparent and conducted in such a way that affected communities are able to make their voices heard. In the case of extraction of natural resources upon which livelihoods and recovery depends, it is espe- cially important to be sure that the terms of the contracts are fair to the communities and local peoples, and that the contracts of private companies address human security. When it comes to job placement, DDR practitioners should also support affirmative action for disadvantaged groups where applicable. See section 8.1.4. on private sector involvement for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":878, "Sentence":"du to stark economic real- ities) to employ them.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration du stark economic real ities employ ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.1. Private sector employment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes should ideally aim to place qualified ex-combatants in existing businesses. Nonetheless, this is often difficult since business owners may not be willing (i.e. due to negative perceptions of ex-combatants) or able (i.e. du to stark economic real- ities) to employ them. Reintegration programmes should therefore help to increase the opportunities available to ex-combatants by offering wage, training and equipment subsi- dies. These subsidies, however, should have the following conditions: \\n Wage subsidies should be partial and last for a fixed period of time; \\n In-kind donations of equipment or training to allow for the expansion of existing businesses should be explored in exchange for the employment of reintegration pro- gramme beneficiaries; \\n Newly hired ex-combatants should not take the jobs of workers who are already employed; \\n Employers should use the subsidies to expand their businesses and to provide long- term employment for ex-combatants.Providing business development services (BDS) can help overcome the difficulties faced by ex-combatants, such as lack of education, inadequate technical skills, poor access to markets and lack of information. In many post-conflict societies, government agen- cies lack the capacity to support and deliver services to micro- and small enterprises. Various actors, including businesses, local NGOs with experience in economic projects, governmental institutions and community groups should therefore be encouraged and supported to provide BDS.Governments should also be supported in the creation of a legal framework to ensure that labour rights are respected and that demobilized or other vulnerable groups are not exploited within the private sector. Concessions and contracts created between the private sector and the national, regional or local government must be transparent and conducted in such a way that affected communities are able to make their voices heard. In the case of extraction of natural resources upon which livelihoods and recovery depends, it is espe- cially important to be sure that the terms of the contracts are fair to the communities and local peoples, and that the contracts of private companies address human security. When it comes to job placement, DDR practitioners should also support affirmative action for disadvantaged groups where applicable. See section 8.1.4. on private sector involvement for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":878, "Sentence":"Reintegration programmes should therefore help to increase the opportunities available to ex-combatants by offering wage, training and equipment subsi- dies.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration programme therefore help increase opportunity available excombatants offering wage training equipment subsi dy ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.1. Private sector employment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes should ideally aim to place qualified ex-combatants in existing businesses. Nonetheless, this is often difficult since business owners may not be willing (i.e. due to negative perceptions of ex-combatants) or able (i.e. du to stark economic real- ities) to employ them. Reintegration programmes should therefore help to increase the opportunities available to ex-combatants by offering wage, training and equipment subsi- dies. These subsidies, however, should have the following conditions: \\n Wage subsidies should be partial and last for a fixed period of time; \\n In-kind donations of equipment or training to allow for the expansion of existing businesses should be explored in exchange for the employment of reintegration pro- gramme beneficiaries; \\n Newly hired ex-combatants should not take the jobs of workers who are already employed; \\n Employers should use the subsidies to expand their businesses and to provide long- term employment for ex-combatants.Providing business development services (BDS) can help overcome the difficulties faced by ex-combatants, such as lack of education, inadequate technical skills, poor access to markets and lack of information. In many post-conflict societies, government agen- cies lack the capacity to support and deliver services to micro- and small enterprises. Various actors, including businesses, local NGOs with experience in economic projects, governmental institutions and community groups should therefore be encouraged and supported to provide BDS.Governments should also be supported in the creation of a legal framework to ensure that labour rights are respected and that demobilized or other vulnerable groups are not exploited within the private sector. Concessions and contracts created between the private sector and the national, regional or local government must be transparent and conducted in such a way that affected communities are able to make their voices heard. In the case of extraction of natural resources upon which livelihoods and recovery depends, it is espe- cially important to be sure that the terms of the contracts are fair to the communities and local peoples, and that the contracts of private companies address human security. When it comes to job placement, DDR practitioners should also support affirmative action for disadvantaged groups where applicable. See section 8.1.4. on private sector involvement for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":878, "Sentence":"These subsidies, however, should have the following conditions: \\n Wage subsidies should be partial and last for a fixed period of time; \\n In-kind donations of equipment or training to allow for the expansion of existing businesses should be explored in exchange for the employment of reintegration pro- gramme beneficiaries; \\n Newly hired ex-combatants should not take the jobs of workers who are already employed; \\n Employers should use the subsidies to expand their businesses and to provide long- term employment for ex-combatants.Providing business development services (BDS) can help overcome the difficulties faced by ex-combatants, such as lack of education, inadequate technical skills, poor access to markets and lack of information.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration subsidy however following condition n wage subsidy partial last fixed period time n inkind donation equipment training allow expansion existing business explored exchange employment reintegration pro gramme beneficiary n newly hired excombatants take job worker already employed n employer use subsidy expand business provide long term employment excombatants.providing business development service bd help overcome difficulty faced excombatants lack education inadequate technical skill poor access market lack information ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.1. Private sector employment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes should ideally aim to place qualified ex-combatants in existing businesses. Nonetheless, this is often difficult since business owners may not be willing (i.e. due to negative perceptions of ex-combatants) or able (i.e. du to stark economic real- ities) to employ them. Reintegration programmes should therefore help to increase the opportunities available to ex-combatants by offering wage, training and equipment subsi- dies. These subsidies, however, should have the following conditions: \\n Wage subsidies should be partial and last for a fixed period of time; \\n In-kind donations of equipment or training to allow for the expansion of existing businesses should be explored in exchange for the employment of reintegration pro- gramme beneficiaries; \\n Newly hired ex-combatants should not take the jobs of workers who are already employed; \\n Employers should use the subsidies to expand their businesses and to provide long- term employment for ex-combatants.Providing business development services (BDS) can help overcome the difficulties faced by ex-combatants, such as lack of education, inadequate technical skills, poor access to markets and lack of information. In many post-conflict societies, government agen- cies lack the capacity to support and deliver services to micro- and small enterprises. Various actors, including businesses, local NGOs with experience in economic projects, governmental institutions and community groups should therefore be encouraged and supported to provide BDS.Governments should also be supported in the creation of a legal framework to ensure that labour rights are respected and that demobilized or other vulnerable groups are not exploited within the private sector. Concessions and contracts created between the private sector and the national, regional or local government must be transparent and conducted in such a way that affected communities are able to make their voices heard. In the case of extraction of natural resources upon which livelihoods and recovery depends, it is espe- cially important to be sure that the terms of the contracts are fair to the communities and local peoples, and that the contracts of private companies address human security. When it comes to job placement, DDR practitioners should also support affirmative action for disadvantaged groups where applicable. See section 8.1.4. on private sector involvement for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":878, "Sentence":"In many post-conflict societies, government agen- cies lack the capacity to support and deliver services to micro- and small enterprises.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration many postconflict society government agen cies lack capacity support deliver service micro small enterprise ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.1. Private sector employment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes should ideally aim to place qualified ex-combatants in existing businesses. Nonetheless, this is often difficult since business owners may not be willing (i.e. due to negative perceptions of ex-combatants) or able (i.e. du to stark economic real- ities) to employ them. Reintegration programmes should therefore help to increase the opportunities available to ex-combatants by offering wage, training and equipment subsi- dies. These subsidies, however, should have the following conditions: \\n Wage subsidies should be partial and last for a fixed period of time; \\n In-kind donations of equipment or training to allow for the expansion of existing businesses should be explored in exchange for the employment of reintegration pro- gramme beneficiaries; \\n Newly hired ex-combatants should not take the jobs of workers who are already employed; \\n Employers should use the subsidies to expand their businesses and to provide long- term employment for ex-combatants.Providing business development services (BDS) can help overcome the difficulties faced by ex-combatants, such as lack of education, inadequate technical skills, poor access to markets and lack of information. In many post-conflict societies, government agen- cies lack the capacity to support and deliver services to micro- and small enterprises. Various actors, including businesses, local NGOs with experience in economic projects, governmental institutions and community groups should therefore be encouraged and supported to provide BDS.Governments should also be supported in the creation of a legal framework to ensure that labour rights are respected and that demobilized or other vulnerable groups are not exploited within the private sector. Concessions and contracts created between the private sector and the national, regional or local government must be transparent and conducted in such a way that affected communities are able to make their voices heard. In the case of extraction of natural resources upon which livelihoods and recovery depends, it is espe- cially important to be sure that the terms of the contracts are fair to the communities and local peoples, and that the contracts of private companies address human security. When it comes to job placement, DDR practitioners should also support affirmative action for disadvantaged groups where applicable. See section 8.1.4. on private sector involvement for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":878, "Sentence":"Various actors, including businesses, local NGOs with experience in economic projects, governmental institutions and community groups should therefore be encouraged and supported to provide BDS.Governments should also be supported in the creation of a legal framework to ensure that labour rights are respected and that demobilized or other vulnerable groups are not exploited within the private sector.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration various actor including business local ngo experience economic project governmental institution community group therefore encouraged supported provide bds.governments also supported creation legal framework ensure labour right respected demobilized vulnerable group exploited within private sector ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.1. Private sector employment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes should ideally aim to place qualified ex-combatants in existing businesses. Nonetheless, this is often difficult since business owners may not be willing (i.e. due to negative perceptions of ex-combatants) or able (i.e. du to stark economic real- ities) to employ them. Reintegration programmes should therefore help to increase the opportunities available to ex-combatants by offering wage, training and equipment subsi- dies. These subsidies, however, should have the following conditions: \\n Wage subsidies should be partial and last for a fixed period of time; \\n In-kind donations of equipment or training to allow for the expansion of existing businesses should be explored in exchange for the employment of reintegration pro- gramme beneficiaries; \\n Newly hired ex-combatants should not take the jobs of workers who are already employed; \\n Employers should use the subsidies to expand their businesses and to provide long- term employment for ex-combatants.Providing business development services (BDS) can help overcome the difficulties faced by ex-combatants, such as lack of education, inadequate technical skills, poor access to markets and lack of information. In many post-conflict societies, government agen- cies lack the capacity to support and deliver services to micro- and small enterprises. Various actors, including businesses, local NGOs with experience in economic projects, governmental institutions and community groups should therefore be encouraged and supported to provide BDS.Governments should also be supported in the creation of a legal framework to ensure that labour rights are respected and that demobilized or other vulnerable groups are not exploited within the private sector. Concessions and contracts created between the private sector and the national, regional or local government must be transparent and conducted in such a way that affected communities are able to make their voices heard. In the case of extraction of natural resources upon which livelihoods and recovery depends, it is espe- cially important to be sure that the terms of the contracts are fair to the communities and local peoples, and that the contracts of private companies address human security. When it comes to job placement, DDR practitioners should also support affirmative action for disadvantaged groups where applicable. See section 8.1.4. on private sector involvement for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":878, "Sentence":"Concessions and contracts created between the private sector and the national, regional or local government must be transparent and conducted in such a way that affected communities are able to make their voices heard.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration concession contract created private sector national regional local government must transparent conducted way affected community able make voice heard ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.1. Private sector employment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes should ideally aim to place qualified ex-combatants in existing businesses. Nonetheless, this is often difficult since business owners may not be willing (i.e. due to negative perceptions of ex-combatants) or able (i.e. du to stark economic real- ities) to employ them. Reintegration programmes should therefore help to increase the opportunities available to ex-combatants by offering wage, training and equipment subsi- dies. These subsidies, however, should have the following conditions: \\n Wage subsidies should be partial and last for a fixed period of time; \\n In-kind donations of equipment or training to allow for the expansion of existing businesses should be explored in exchange for the employment of reintegration pro- gramme beneficiaries; \\n Newly hired ex-combatants should not take the jobs of workers who are already employed; \\n Employers should use the subsidies to expand their businesses and to provide long- term employment for ex-combatants.Providing business development services (BDS) can help overcome the difficulties faced by ex-combatants, such as lack of education, inadequate technical skills, poor access to markets and lack of information. In many post-conflict societies, government agen- cies lack the capacity to support and deliver services to micro- and small enterprises. Various actors, including businesses, local NGOs with experience in economic projects, governmental institutions and community groups should therefore be encouraged and supported to provide BDS.Governments should also be supported in the creation of a legal framework to ensure that labour rights are respected and that demobilized or other vulnerable groups are not exploited within the private sector. Concessions and contracts created between the private sector and the national, regional or local government must be transparent and conducted in such a way that affected communities are able to make their voices heard. In the case of extraction of natural resources upon which livelihoods and recovery depends, it is espe- cially important to be sure that the terms of the contracts are fair to the communities and local peoples, and that the contracts of private companies address human security. When it comes to job placement, DDR practitioners should also support affirmative action for disadvantaged groups where applicable. See section 8.1.4. on private sector involvement for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":878, "Sentence":"In the case of extraction of natural resources upon which livelihoods and recovery depends, it is espe- cially important to be sure that the terms of the contracts are fair to the communities and local peoples, and that the contracts of private companies address human security.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration case extraction natural resource upon livelihood recovery depends espe cially important sure term contract fair community local people contract private company address human security ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.1. Private sector employment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes should ideally aim to place qualified ex-combatants in existing businesses. Nonetheless, this is often difficult since business owners may not be willing (i.e. due to negative perceptions of ex-combatants) or able (i.e. du to stark economic real- ities) to employ them. Reintegration programmes should therefore help to increase the opportunities available to ex-combatants by offering wage, training and equipment subsi- dies. These subsidies, however, should have the following conditions: \\n Wage subsidies should be partial and last for a fixed period of time; \\n In-kind donations of equipment or training to allow for the expansion of existing businesses should be explored in exchange for the employment of reintegration pro- gramme beneficiaries; \\n Newly hired ex-combatants should not take the jobs of workers who are already employed; \\n Employers should use the subsidies to expand their businesses and to provide long- term employment for ex-combatants.Providing business development services (BDS) can help overcome the difficulties faced by ex-combatants, such as lack of education, inadequate technical skills, poor access to markets and lack of information. In many post-conflict societies, government agen- cies lack the capacity to support and deliver services to micro- and small enterprises. Various actors, including businesses, local NGOs with experience in economic projects, governmental institutions and community groups should therefore be encouraged and supported to provide BDS.Governments should also be supported in the creation of a legal framework to ensure that labour rights are respected and that demobilized or other vulnerable groups are not exploited within the private sector. Concessions and contracts created between the private sector and the national, regional or local government must be transparent and conducted in such a way that affected communities are able to make their voices heard. In the case of extraction of natural resources upon which livelihoods and recovery depends, it is espe- cially important to be sure that the terms of the contracts are fair to the communities and local peoples, and that the contracts of private companies address human security. When it comes to job placement, DDR practitioners should also support affirmative action for disadvantaged groups where applicable. See section 8.1.4. on private sector involvement for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":878, "Sentence":"When it comes to job placement, DDR practitioners should also support affirmative action for disadvantaged groups where applicable.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration come job placement ddr practitioner also support affirmative action disadvantaged group applicable ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.1. Private sector employment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Reintegration programmes should ideally aim to place qualified ex-combatants in existing businesses. Nonetheless, this is often difficult since business owners may not be willing (i.e. due to negative perceptions of ex-combatants) or able (i.e. du to stark economic real- ities) to employ them. Reintegration programmes should therefore help to increase the opportunities available to ex-combatants by offering wage, training and equipment subsi- dies. These subsidies, however, should have the following conditions: \\n Wage subsidies should be partial and last for a fixed period of time; \\n In-kind donations of equipment or training to allow for the expansion of existing businesses should be explored in exchange for the employment of reintegration pro- gramme beneficiaries; \\n Newly hired ex-combatants should not take the jobs of workers who are already employed; \\n Employers should use the subsidies to expand their businesses and to provide long- term employment for ex-combatants.Providing business development services (BDS) can help overcome the difficulties faced by ex-combatants, such as lack of education, inadequate technical skills, poor access to markets and lack of information. In many post-conflict societies, government agen- cies lack the capacity to support and deliver services to micro- and small enterprises. Various actors, including businesses, local NGOs with experience in economic projects, governmental institutions and community groups should therefore be encouraged and supported to provide BDS.Governments should also be supported in the creation of a legal framework to ensure that labour rights are respected and that demobilized or other vulnerable groups are not exploited within the private sector. Concessions and contracts created between the private sector and the national, regional or local government must be transparent and conducted in such a way that affected communities are able to make their voices heard. In the case of extraction of natural resources upon which livelihoods and recovery depends, it is espe- cially important to be sure that the terms of the contracts are fair to the communities and local peoples, and that the contracts of private companies address human security. When it comes to job placement, DDR practitioners should also support affirmative action for disadvantaged groups where applicable. See section 8.1.4. on private sector involvement for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":878, "Sentence":"See section 8.1.4. on private sector involvement for more information.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration see section 8.1.4. private sector involvement information ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.2. Micro-grants and access to credit", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"If the main way of funding the creation of micro enterprises is decided to be micro- grants, they should be provided to the ex-combatants only after they have drawn up a clear start-up business plan and should be paid in installments with diligent follow-up. As part of information and counseling services, reintegration programmes should ensure that relevant service providers are in place to advise ex-combatants on financial manage- ment. Installments should, when possible, be given in kind (equipment, supplies, training, etc.), avoiding large cash payments, which are difficult to monitor effectively. Training and technical assistance services are also essential to the success of start-ups, together with direct, on-the-ground supervision and monitoring by the reintegration programmeGrant schemes have often been used in reintegration programmes. However, where possible, it is important that reintegration programmes gradually shift aim from small grants to credit access. This shift is needed so as not to create dependencies on grant schemes and to support entrepreneurship. Involving female family members \u2013 such as wives of ex-combatants \u2013 in economic activities and access to credit may further help cre- ate successful outcomes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":879, "Sentence":"If the main way of funding the creation of micro enterprises is decided to be micro- grants, they should be provided to the ex-combatants only after they have drawn up a clear start-up business plan and should be paid in installments with diligent follow-up.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration main way funding creation micro enterprise decided micro grant provided excombatants drawn clear startup business plan paid installment diligent followup ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.2. Micro-grants and access to credit", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"If the main way of funding the creation of micro enterprises is decided to be micro- grants, they should be provided to the ex-combatants only after they have drawn up a clear start-up business plan and should be paid in installments with diligent follow-up. As part of information and counseling services, reintegration programmes should ensure that relevant service providers are in place to advise ex-combatants on financial manage- ment. Installments should, when possible, be given in kind (equipment, supplies, training, etc.), avoiding large cash payments, which are difficult to monitor effectively. Training and technical assistance services are also essential to the success of start-ups, together with direct, on-the-ground supervision and monitoring by the reintegration programmeGrant schemes have often been used in reintegration programmes. However, where possible, it is important that reintegration programmes gradually shift aim from small grants to credit access. This shift is needed so as not to create dependencies on grant schemes and to support entrepreneurship. Involving female family members \u2013 such as wives of ex-combatants \u2013 in economic activities and access to credit may further help cre- ate successful outcomes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":879, "Sentence":"As part of information and counseling services, reintegration programmes should ensure that relevant service providers are in place to advise ex-combatants on financial manage- ment.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration part information counseling service reintegration programme ensure relevant service provider place advise excombatants financial manage ment ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.2. Micro-grants and access to credit", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"If the main way of funding the creation of micro enterprises is decided to be micro- grants, they should be provided to the ex-combatants only after they have drawn up a clear start-up business plan and should be paid in installments with diligent follow-up. As part of information and counseling services, reintegration programmes should ensure that relevant service providers are in place to advise ex-combatants on financial manage- ment. Installments should, when possible, be given in kind (equipment, supplies, training, etc.), avoiding large cash payments, which are difficult to monitor effectively. Training and technical assistance services are also essential to the success of start-ups, together with direct, on-the-ground supervision and monitoring by the reintegration programmeGrant schemes have often been used in reintegration programmes. However, where possible, it is important that reintegration programmes gradually shift aim from small grants to credit access. This shift is needed so as not to create dependencies on grant schemes and to support entrepreneurship. Involving female family members \u2013 such as wives of ex-combatants \u2013 in economic activities and access to credit may further help cre- ate successful outcomes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":879, "Sentence":"Installments should, when possible, be given in kind (equipment, supplies, training, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration installment possible given kind equipment supply training etc ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.2. Micro-grants and access to credit", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"If the main way of funding the creation of micro enterprises is decided to be micro- grants, they should be provided to the ex-combatants only after they have drawn up a clear start-up business plan and should be paid in installments with diligent follow-up. As part of information and counseling services, reintegration programmes should ensure that relevant service providers are in place to advise ex-combatants on financial manage- ment. Installments should, when possible, be given in kind (equipment, supplies, training, etc.), avoiding large cash payments, which are difficult to monitor effectively. Training and technical assistance services are also essential to the success of start-ups, together with direct, on-the-ground supervision and monitoring by the reintegration programmeGrant schemes have often been used in reintegration programmes. However, where possible, it is important that reintegration programmes gradually shift aim from small grants to credit access. This shift is needed so as not to create dependencies on grant schemes and to support entrepreneurship. Involving female family members \u2013 such as wives of ex-combatants \u2013 in economic activities and access to credit may further help cre- ate successful outcomes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":879, "Sentence":"), avoiding large cash payments, which are difficult to monitor effectively.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration avoiding large cash payment difficult monitor effectively ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.2. Micro-grants and access to credit", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"If the main way of funding the creation of micro enterprises is decided to be micro- grants, they should be provided to the ex-combatants only after they have drawn up a clear start-up business plan and should be paid in installments with diligent follow-up. As part of information and counseling services, reintegration programmes should ensure that relevant service providers are in place to advise ex-combatants on financial manage- ment. Installments should, when possible, be given in kind (equipment, supplies, training, etc.), avoiding large cash payments, which are difficult to monitor effectively. Training and technical assistance services are also essential to the success of start-ups, together with direct, on-the-ground supervision and monitoring by the reintegration programmeGrant schemes have often been used in reintegration programmes. However, where possible, it is important that reintegration programmes gradually shift aim from small grants to credit access. This shift is needed so as not to create dependencies on grant schemes and to support entrepreneurship. Involving female family members \u2013 such as wives of ex-combatants \u2013 in economic activities and access to credit may further help cre- ate successful outcomes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":879, "Sentence":"Training and technical assistance services are also essential to the success of start-ups, together with direct, on-the-ground supervision and monitoring by the reintegration programmeGrant schemes have often been used in reintegration programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration training technical assistance service also essential success startup together direct ontheground supervision monitoring reintegration programmegrant scheme often used reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.2. Micro-grants and access to credit", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"If the main way of funding the creation of micro enterprises is decided to be micro- grants, they should be provided to the ex-combatants only after they have drawn up a clear start-up business plan and should be paid in installments with diligent follow-up. As part of information and counseling services, reintegration programmes should ensure that relevant service providers are in place to advise ex-combatants on financial manage- ment. Installments should, when possible, be given in kind (equipment, supplies, training, etc.), avoiding large cash payments, which are difficult to monitor effectively. Training and technical assistance services are also essential to the success of start-ups, together with direct, on-the-ground supervision and monitoring by the reintegration programmeGrant schemes have often been used in reintegration programmes. However, where possible, it is important that reintegration programmes gradually shift aim from small grants to credit access. This shift is needed so as not to create dependencies on grant schemes and to support entrepreneurship. Involving female family members \u2013 such as wives of ex-combatants \u2013 in economic activities and access to credit may further help cre- ate successful outcomes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":879, "Sentence":"However, where possible, it is important that reintegration programmes gradually shift aim from small grants to credit access.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration however possible important reintegration programme gradually shift aim small grant credit access ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.2. Micro-grants and access to credit", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"If the main way of funding the creation of micro enterprises is decided to be micro- grants, they should be provided to the ex-combatants only after they have drawn up a clear start-up business plan and should be paid in installments with diligent follow-up. As part of information and counseling services, reintegration programmes should ensure that relevant service providers are in place to advise ex-combatants on financial manage- ment. Installments should, when possible, be given in kind (equipment, supplies, training, etc.), avoiding large cash payments, which are difficult to monitor effectively. Training and technical assistance services are also essential to the success of start-ups, together with direct, on-the-ground supervision and monitoring by the reintegration programmeGrant schemes have often been used in reintegration programmes. However, where possible, it is important that reintegration programmes gradually shift aim from small grants to credit access. This shift is needed so as not to create dependencies on grant schemes and to support entrepreneurship. Involving female family members \u2013 such as wives of ex-combatants \u2013 in economic activities and access to credit may further help cre- ate successful outcomes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":879, "Sentence":"This shift is needed so as not to create dependencies on grant schemes and to support entrepreneurship.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration shift needed create dependency grant scheme support entrepreneurship ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.2. Micro-grants and access to credit", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"If the main way of funding the creation of micro enterprises is decided to be micro- grants, they should be provided to the ex-combatants only after they have drawn up a clear start-up business plan and should be paid in installments with diligent follow-up. As part of information and counseling services, reintegration programmes should ensure that relevant service providers are in place to advise ex-combatants on financial manage- ment. Installments should, when possible, be given in kind (equipment, supplies, training, etc.), avoiding large cash payments, which are difficult to monitor effectively. Training and technical assistance services are also essential to the success of start-ups, together with direct, on-the-ground supervision and monitoring by the reintegration programmeGrant schemes have often been used in reintegration programmes. However, where possible, it is important that reintegration programmes gradually shift aim from small grants to credit access. This shift is needed so as not to create dependencies on grant schemes and to support entrepreneurship. Involving female family members \u2013 such as wives of ex-combatants \u2013 in economic activities and access to credit may further help cre- ate successful outcomes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":879, "Sentence":"Involving female family members \u2013 such as wives of ex-combatants \u2013 in economic activities and access to credit may further help cre- ate successful outcomes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration involving female family member \u2013 wife excombatants \u2013 economic activity access credit may help cre ate successful outcome ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.3. Access to technology, information and capital", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Technology and information which can lead to better information concerning agricultural growing techniques, commodities markets, and fluctuations in food prices is essential to sustainable reintegration programmes which incorporate agricultural livelihoods and agriculturally-derived livelihoods. DDR experts must address issues of access to such assets in the reintegration phase through coordination with relevant national ministries, government counterparts, rule of law and early recovery partners, and in line with appro- priate cultural norms.Access to technology and information can be further promoted through the use of low tech and appropriate means, such as cellular phones, SMS market information ser- vices, radios, personal digital assistants (PDAs), internet kiosks, and any other means of transmitting information about commodity market changes, changes in the supply or demand for goods, shifting weather patterns, or other potential impacts. Where access is not possible through the DDR programme, DDR experts should make every effort to link with NGOs, other UN agencies, or private sector actors who can support such access to technology and information.Access to technology, information and capital is also essential to build value chains for products derived from the agricultural or other rural livelihood sectors, to diversify such sectors and to ensure the sustainability of the activities in question in terms of use of natural and other resources. Capital used to provide essential equipment to scale-up processing, manufacturing and marketing of goods derived from agricultural products or other natural resources should be sought through networks and other implementing partners working with the DDR programme and in the early recovery context. This capital should be supplied along with proper training programmes and business education skills. It should not be given in the form of cash payments.DDR programmes should seek to address the access of women, youth, disabled, indig- enous and other marginalized groups to technology, information and capital through coordination with national and local government and rule of law programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":880, "Sentence":"Technology and information which can lead to better information concerning agricultural growing techniques, commodities markets, and fluctuations in food prices is essential to sustainable reintegration programmes which incorporate agricultural livelihoods and agriculturally-derived livelihoods.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration technology information lead better information concerning agricultural growing technique commodity market fluctuation food price essential sustainable reintegration programme incorporate agricultural livelihood agriculturallyderived livelihood ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.3. Access to technology, information and capital", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Technology and information which can lead to better information concerning agricultural growing techniques, commodities markets, and fluctuations in food prices is essential to sustainable reintegration programmes which incorporate agricultural livelihoods and agriculturally-derived livelihoods. DDR experts must address issues of access to such assets in the reintegration phase through coordination with relevant national ministries, government counterparts, rule of law and early recovery partners, and in line with appro- priate cultural norms.Access to technology and information can be further promoted through the use of low tech and appropriate means, such as cellular phones, SMS market information ser- vices, radios, personal digital assistants (PDAs), internet kiosks, and any other means of transmitting information about commodity market changes, changes in the supply or demand for goods, shifting weather patterns, or other potential impacts. Where access is not possible through the DDR programme, DDR experts should make every effort to link with NGOs, other UN agencies, or private sector actors who can support such access to technology and information.Access to technology, information and capital is also essential to build value chains for products derived from the agricultural or other rural livelihood sectors, to diversify such sectors and to ensure the sustainability of the activities in question in terms of use of natural and other resources. Capital used to provide essential equipment to scale-up processing, manufacturing and marketing of goods derived from agricultural products or other natural resources should be sought through networks and other implementing partners working with the DDR programme and in the early recovery context. This capital should be supplied along with proper training programmes and business education skills. It should not be given in the form of cash payments.DDR programmes should seek to address the access of women, youth, disabled, indig- enous and other marginalized groups to technology, information and capital through coordination with national and local government and rule of law programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":880, "Sentence":"DDR experts must address issues of access to such assets in the reintegration phase through coordination with relevant national ministries, government counterparts, rule of law and early recovery partners, and in line with appro- priate cultural norms.Access to technology and information can be further promoted through the use of low tech and appropriate means, such as cellular phones, SMS market information ser- vices, radios, personal digital assistants (PDAs), internet kiosks, and any other means of transmitting information about commodity market changes, changes in the supply or demand for goods, shifting weather patterns, or other potential impacts.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ddr expert must address issue access asset reintegration phase coordination relevant national ministry government counterpart rule law early recovery partner line appro priate cultural norms.access technology information promoted use low tech appropriate mean cellular phone sm market information ser vice radio personal digital assistant pda internet kiosk mean transmitting information commodity market change change supply demand good shifting weather pattern potential impact ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.3. Access to technology, information and capital", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Technology and information which can lead to better information concerning agricultural growing techniques, commodities markets, and fluctuations in food prices is essential to sustainable reintegration programmes which incorporate agricultural livelihoods and agriculturally-derived livelihoods. DDR experts must address issues of access to such assets in the reintegration phase through coordination with relevant national ministries, government counterparts, rule of law and early recovery partners, and in line with appro- priate cultural norms.Access to technology and information can be further promoted through the use of low tech and appropriate means, such as cellular phones, SMS market information ser- vices, radios, personal digital assistants (PDAs), internet kiosks, and any other means of transmitting information about commodity market changes, changes in the supply or demand for goods, shifting weather patterns, or other potential impacts. Where access is not possible through the DDR programme, DDR experts should make every effort to link with NGOs, other UN agencies, or private sector actors who can support such access to technology and information.Access to technology, information and capital is also essential to build value chains for products derived from the agricultural or other rural livelihood sectors, to diversify such sectors and to ensure the sustainability of the activities in question in terms of use of natural and other resources. Capital used to provide essential equipment to scale-up processing, manufacturing and marketing of goods derived from agricultural products or other natural resources should be sought through networks and other implementing partners working with the DDR programme and in the early recovery context. This capital should be supplied along with proper training programmes and business education skills. It should not be given in the form of cash payments.DDR programmes should seek to address the access of women, youth, disabled, indig- enous and other marginalized groups to technology, information and capital through coordination with national and local government and rule of law programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":880, "Sentence":"Where access is not possible through the DDR programme, DDR experts should make every effort to link with NGOs, other UN agencies, or private sector actors who can support such access to technology and information.Access to technology, information and capital is also essential to build value chains for products derived from the agricultural or other rural livelihood sectors, to diversify such sectors and to ensure the sustainability of the activities in question in terms of use of natural and other resources.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration access possible ddr programme ddr expert make every effort link ngo un agency private sector actor support access technology information.access technology information capital also essential build value chain product derived agricultural rural livelihood sector diversify sector ensure sustainability activity question term use natural resource ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.3. Access to technology, information and capital", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Technology and information which can lead to better information concerning agricultural growing techniques, commodities markets, and fluctuations in food prices is essential to sustainable reintegration programmes which incorporate agricultural livelihoods and agriculturally-derived livelihoods. DDR experts must address issues of access to such assets in the reintegration phase through coordination with relevant national ministries, government counterparts, rule of law and early recovery partners, and in line with appro- priate cultural norms.Access to technology and information can be further promoted through the use of low tech and appropriate means, such as cellular phones, SMS market information ser- vices, radios, personal digital assistants (PDAs), internet kiosks, and any other means of transmitting information about commodity market changes, changes in the supply or demand for goods, shifting weather patterns, or other potential impacts. Where access is not possible through the DDR programme, DDR experts should make every effort to link with NGOs, other UN agencies, or private sector actors who can support such access to technology and information.Access to technology, information and capital is also essential to build value chains for products derived from the agricultural or other rural livelihood sectors, to diversify such sectors and to ensure the sustainability of the activities in question in terms of use of natural and other resources. Capital used to provide essential equipment to scale-up processing, manufacturing and marketing of goods derived from agricultural products or other natural resources should be sought through networks and other implementing partners working with the DDR programme and in the early recovery context. This capital should be supplied along with proper training programmes and business education skills. It should not be given in the form of cash payments.DDR programmes should seek to address the access of women, youth, disabled, indig- enous and other marginalized groups to technology, information and capital through coordination with national and local government and rule of law programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":880, "Sentence":"Capital used to provide essential equipment to scale-up processing, manufacturing and marketing of goods derived from agricultural products or other natural resources should be sought through networks and other implementing partners working with the DDR programme and in the early recovery context.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration capital used provide essential equipment scaleup processing manufacturing marketing good derived agricultural product natural resource sought network implementing partner working ddr programme early recovery context ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.3. Access to technology, information and capital", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Technology and information which can lead to better information concerning agricultural growing techniques, commodities markets, and fluctuations in food prices is essential to sustainable reintegration programmes which incorporate agricultural livelihoods and agriculturally-derived livelihoods. DDR experts must address issues of access to such assets in the reintegration phase through coordination with relevant national ministries, government counterparts, rule of law and early recovery partners, and in line with appro- priate cultural norms.Access to technology and information can be further promoted through the use of low tech and appropriate means, such as cellular phones, SMS market information ser- vices, radios, personal digital assistants (PDAs), internet kiosks, and any other means of transmitting information about commodity market changes, changes in the supply or demand for goods, shifting weather patterns, or other potential impacts. Where access is not possible through the DDR programme, DDR experts should make every effort to link with NGOs, other UN agencies, or private sector actors who can support such access to technology and information.Access to technology, information and capital is also essential to build value chains for products derived from the agricultural or other rural livelihood sectors, to diversify such sectors and to ensure the sustainability of the activities in question in terms of use of natural and other resources. Capital used to provide essential equipment to scale-up processing, manufacturing and marketing of goods derived from agricultural products or other natural resources should be sought through networks and other implementing partners working with the DDR programme and in the early recovery context. This capital should be supplied along with proper training programmes and business education skills. It should not be given in the form of cash payments.DDR programmes should seek to address the access of women, youth, disabled, indig- enous and other marginalized groups to technology, information and capital through coordination with national and local government and rule of law programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":880, "Sentence":"This capital should be supplied along with proper training programmes and business education skills.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration capital supplied along proper training programme business education skill ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.3. Access to technology, information and capital", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Technology and information which can lead to better information concerning agricultural growing techniques, commodities markets, and fluctuations in food prices is essential to sustainable reintegration programmes which incorporate agricultural livelihoods and agriculturally-derived livelihoods. DDR experts must address issues of access to such assets in the reintegration phase through coordination with relevant national ministries, government counterparts, rule of law and early recovery partners, and in line with appro- priate cultural norms.Access to technology and information can be further promoted through the use of low tech and appropriate means, such as cellular phones, SMS market information ser- vices, radios, personal digital assistants (PDAs), internet kiosks, and any other means of transmitting information about commodity market changes, changes in the supply or demand for goods, shifting weather patterns, or other potential impacts. Where access is not possible through the DDR programme, DDR experts should make every effort to link with NGOs, other UN agencies, or private sector actors who can support such access to technology and information.Access to technology, information and capital is also essential to build value chains for products derived from the agricultural or other rural livelihood sectors, to diversify such sectors and to ensure the sustainability of the activities in question in terms of use of natural and other resources. Capital used to provide essential equipment to scale-up processing, manufacturing and marketing of goods derived from agricultural products or other natural resources should be sought through networks and other implementing partners working with the DDR programme and in the early recovery context. This capital should be supplied along with proper training programmes and business education skills. It should not be given in the form of cash payments.DDR programmes should seek to address the access of women, youth, disabled, indig- enous and other marginalized groups to technology, information and capital through coordination with national and local government and rule of law programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":880, "Sentence":"It should not be given in the form of cash payments.DDR programmes should seek to address the access of women, youth, disabled, indig- enous and other marginalized groups to technology, information and capital through coordination with national and local government and rule of law programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration given form cash payments.ddr programme seek address access woman youth disabled indig enous marginalized group technology information capital coordination national local government rule law programme ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Land tenure and access to land", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) do not contain specific provisions to resolve land ownership issues and disputes. However, property rights, land tenure and access to land are all extremely important to economic reintegration in both rural and urban contexts. Land distribution, for example, can inform DDR practitioners of potential tensions and grievances that may (re-) emerge and lead to further disputes or conflict.While DDR programmes cannot produce land reform mechanisms, they can incorpo- rate awareness of the linkages between land and livelihoods into reintegration planning and implementation. Land becomes an asset when it is coupled with access to agricultural tools and inputs, technology, and information regarding markets and services. Access to land and security of land tenure are also essential to the development of land as an asset.Access to land cannot be granted and legitimized without capacity for land manage- ment at the local and national government levels, which involve land policies, laws and land administrations. Most DDR contexts are likely to be faced with a myriad of land ten- ure systems and legal procedures involving traditional, indigenous, religious, colonial or other legacies. Support for legal aid services to aid those undergoing land disputes should be coordinated with relevant international and national actors to compliment reintegra- tion programmes. Special attention should be paid to access to land by women, widows, child-headed households, disabled individuals and other groups with specific needs. For more information on housing, land and property dispute mechanisms see section 10.6.The roles of women and their relationship to land and property should be addressed by the DDR programme through community-based reintegration whenever possible. In many cases, women suffer the most discrimination when it comes to access to land. DDR programmes should aim to support women\u2019s access to land and tenure security to promote gender equality and women\u2019s civil and human rights, but also because their productivity in the agricultural sector is extremely important for increased food security and overall GDP growth, as shown in several studies conducted in post-conflict settings. While it is important to encourage land management and tenure policies that are consistent with cultural norms, the reform of such administrative sectors also provides an opportunity to pave the way for women\u2019s rights in terms of property and land tenure.DDR programmes should seek to make land as profitable an asset as possible, by providing incentives for the sustainable use of natural resources, helping to develop the capacity for land and property rights through local and national institutions. These efforts can be augmented by linking up with early recovery and rule of law institutions wherever possible as well. In addition, land tenure security to protect those who are invested in land and who depend on it for livelihoods, such as in agricultural sectors, should be addressed through other partners at the national and international level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":881, "Sentence":"Many comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) do not contain specific provisions to resolve land ownership issues and disputes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration many comprehensive peace agreement cpa contain specific provision resolve land ownership issue dispute ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Land tenure and access to land", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) do not contain specific provisions to resolve land ownership issues and disputes. However, property rights, land tenure and access to land are all extremely important to economic reintegration in both rural and urban contexts. Land distribution, for example, can inform DDR practitioners of potential tensions and grievances that may (re-) emerge and lead to further disputes or conflict.While DDR programmes cannot produce land reform mechanisms, they can incorpo- rate awareness of the linkages between land and livelihoods into reintegration planning and implementation. Land becomes an asset when it is coupled with access to agricultural tools and inputs, technology, and information regarding markets and services. Access to land and security of land tenure are also essential to the development of land as an asset.Access to land cannot be granted and legitimized without capacity for land manage- ment at the local and national government levels, which involve land policies, laws and land administrations. Most DDR contexts are likely to be faced with a myriad of land ten- ure systems and legal procedures involving traditional, indigenous, religious, colonial or other legacies. Support for legal aid services to aid those undergoing land disputes should be coordinated with relevant international and national actors to compliment reintegra- tion programmes. Special attention should be paid to access to land by women, widows, child-headed households, disabled individuals and other groups with specific needs. For more information on housing, land and property dispute mechanisms see section 10.6.The roles of women and their relationship to land and property should be addressed by the DDR programme through community-based reintegration whenever possible. In many cases, women suffer the most discrimination when it comes to access to land. DDR programmes should aim to support women\u2019s access to land and tenure security to promote gender equality and women\u2019s civil and human rights, but also because their productivity in the agricultural sector is extremely important for increased food security and overall GDP growth, as shown in several studies conducted in post-conflict settings. While it is important to encourage land management and tenure policies that are consistent with cultural norms, the reform of such administrative sectors also provides an opportunity to pave the way for women\u2019s rights in terms of property and land tenure.DDR programmes should seek to make land as profitable an asset as possible, by providing incentives for the sustainable use of natural resources, helping to develop the capacity for land and property rights through local and national institutions. These efforts can be augmented by linking up with early recovery and rule of law institutions wherever possible as well. In addition, land tenure security to protect those who are invested in land and who depend on it for livelihoods, such as in agricultural sectors, should be addressed through other partners at the national and international level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":881, "Sentence":"However, property rights, land tenure and access to land are all extremely important to economic reintegration in both rural and urban contexts.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration however property right land tenure access land extremely important economic reintegration rural urban context ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Land tenure and access to land", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) do not contain specific provisions to resolve land ownership issues and disputes. However, property rights, land tenure and access to land are all extremely important to economic reintegration in both rural and urban contexts. Land distribution, for example, can inform DDR practitioners of potential tensions and grievances that may (re-) emerge and lead to further disputes or conflict.While DDR programmes cannot produce land reform mechanisms, they can incorpo- rate awareness of the linkages between land and livelihoods into reintegration planning and implementation. Land becomes an asset when it is coupled with access to agricultural tools and inputs, technology, and information regarding markets and services. Access to land and security of land tenure are also essential to the development of land as an asset.Access to land cannot be granted and legitimized without capacity for land manage- ment at the local and national government levels, which involve land policies, laws and land administrations. Most DDR contexts are likely to be faced with a myriad of land ten- ure systems and legal procedures involving traditional, indigenous, religious, colonial or other legacies. Support for legal aid services to aid those undergoing land disputes should be coordinated with relevant international and national actors to compliment reintegra- tion programmes. Special attention should be paid to access to land by women, widows, child-headed households, disabled individuals and other groups with specific needs. For more information on housing, land and property dispute mechanisms see section 10.6.The roles of women and their relationship to land and property should be addressed by the DDR programme through community-based reintegration whenever possible. In many cases, women suffer the most discrimination when it comes to access to land. DDR programmes should aim to support women\u2019s access to land and tenure security to promote gender equality and women\u2019s civil and human rights, but also because their productivity in the agricultural sector is extremely important for increased food security and overall GDP growth, as shown in several studies conducted in post-conflict settings. While it is important to encourage land management and tenure policies that are consistent with cultural norms, the reform of such administrative sectors also provides an opportunity to pave the way for women\u2019s rights in terms of property and land tenure.DDR programmes should seek to make land as profitable an asset as possible, by providing incentives for the sustainable use of natural resources, helping to develop the capacity for land and property rights through local and national institutions. These efforts can be augmented by linking up with early recovery and rule of law institutions wherever possible as well. In addition, land tenure security to protect those who are invested in land and who depend on it for livelihoods, such as in agricultural sectors, should be addressed through other partners at the national and international level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":881, "Sentence":"Land distribution, for example, can inform DDR practitioners of potential tensions and grievances that may (re-) emerge and lead to further disputes or conflict.While DDR programmes cannot produce land reform mechanisms, they can incorpo- rate awareness of the linkages between land and livelihoods into reintegration planning and implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration land distribution example inform ddr practitioner potential tension grievance may emerge lead dispute conflict.while ddr programme produce land reform mechanism incorpo rate awareness linkage land livelihood reintegration planning implementation ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Land tenure and access to land", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) do not contain specific provisions to resolve land ownership issues and disputes. However, property rights, land tenure and access to land are all extremely important to economic reintegration in both rural and urban contexts. Land distribution, for example, can inform DDR practitioners of potential tensions and grievances that may (re-) emerge and lead to further disputes or conflict.While DDR programmes cannot produce land reform mechanisms, they can incorpo- rate awareness of the linkages between land and livelihoods into reintegration planning and implementation. Land becomes an asset when it is coupled with access to agricultural tools and inputs, technology, and information regarding markets and services. Access to land and security of land tenure are also essential to the development of land as an asset.Access to land cannot be granted and legitimized without capacity for land manage- ment at the local and national government levels, which involve land policies, laws and land administrations. Most DDR contexts are likely to be faced with a myriad of land ten- ure systems and legal procedures involving traditional, indigenous, religious, colonial or other legacies. Support for legal aid services to aid those undergoing land disputes should be coordinated with relevant international and national actors to compliment reintegra- tion programmes. Special attention should be paid to access to land by women, widows, child-headed households, disabled individuals and other groups with specific needs. For more information on housing, land and property dispute mechanisms see section 10.6.The roles of women and their relationship to land and property should be addressed by the DDR programme through community-based reintegration whenever possible. In many cases, women suffer the most discrimination when it comes to access to land. DDR programmes should aim to support women\u2019s access to land and tenure security to promote gender equality and women\u2019s civil and human rights, but also because their productivity in the agricultural sector is extremely important for increased food security and overall GDP growth, as shown in several studies conducted in post-conflict settings. While it is important to encourage land management and tenure policies that are consistent with cultural norms, the reform of such administrative sectors also provides an opportunity to pave the way for women\u2019s rights in terms of property and land tenure.DDR programmes should seek to make land as profitable an asset as possible, by providing incentives for the sustainable use of natural resources, helping to develop the capacity for land and property rights through local and national institutions. These efforts can be augmented by linking up with early recovery and rule of law institutions wherever possible as well. In addition, land tenure security to protect those who are invested in land and who depend on it for livelihoods, such as in agricultural sectors, should be addressed through other partners at the national and international level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":881, "Sentence":"Land becomes an asset when it is coupled with access to agricultural tools and inputs, technology, and information regarding markets and services.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration land becomes asset coupled access agricultural tool input technology information regarding market service ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Land tenure and access to land", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) do not contain specific provisions to resolve land ownership issues and disputes. However, property rights, land tenure and access to land are all extremely important to economic reintegration in both rural and urban contexts. Land distribution, for example, can inform DDR practitioners of potential tensions and grievances that may (re-) emerge and lead to further disputes or conflict.While DDR programmes cannot produce land reform mechanisms, they can incorpo- rate awareness of the linkages between land and livelihoods into reintegration planning and implementation. Land becomes an asset when it is coupled with access to agricultural tools and inputs, technology, and information regarding markets and services. Access to land and security of land tenure are also essential to the development of land as an asset.Access to land cannot be granted and legitimized without capacity for land manage- ment at the local and national government levels, which involve land policies, laws and land administrations. Most DDR contexts are likely to be faced with a myriad of land ten- ure systems and legal procedures involving traditional, indigenous, religious, colonial or other legacies. Support for legal aid services to aid those undergoing land disputes should be coordinated with relevant international and national actors to compliment reintegra- tion programmes. Special attention should be paid to access to land by women, widows, child-headed households, disabled individuals and other groups with specific needs. For more information on housing, land and property dispute mechanisms see section 10.6.The roles of women and their relationship to land and property should be addressed by the DDR programme through community-based reintegration whenever possible. In many cases, women suffer the most discrimination when it comes to access to land. DDR programmes should aim to support women\u2019s access to land and tenure security to promote gender equality and women\u2019s civil and human rights, but also because their productivity in the agricultural sector is extremely important for increased food security and overall GDP growth, as shown in several studies conducted in post-conflict settings. While it is important to encourage land management and tenure policies that are consistent with cultural norms, the reform of such administrative sectors also provides an opportunity to pave the way for women\u2019s rights in terms of property and land tenure.DDR programmes should seek to make land as profitable an asset as possible, by providing incentives for the sustainable use of natural resources, helping to develop the capacity for land and property rights through local and national institutions. These efforts can be augmented by linking up with early recovery and rule of law institutions wherever possible as well. In addition, land tenure security to protect those who are invested in land and who depend on it for livelihoods, such as in agricultural sectors, should be addressed through other partners at the national and international level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":881, "Sentence":"Access to land and security of land tenure are also essential to the development of land as an asset.Access to land cannot be granted and legitimized without capacity for land manage- ment at the local and national government levels, which involve land policies, laws and land administrations.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration access land security land tenure also essential development land asset.access land granted legitimized without capacity land manage ment local national government level involve land policy law land administration ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Land tenure and access to land", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) do not contain specific provisions to resolve land ownership issues and disputes. However, property rights, land tenure and access to land are all extremely important to economic reintegration in both rural and urban contexts. Land distribution, for example, can inform DDR practitioners of potential tensions and grievances that may (re-) emerge and lead to further disputes or conflict.While DDR programmes cannot produce land reform mechanisms, they can incorpo- rate awareness of the linkages between land and livelihoods into reintegration planning and implementation. Land becomes an asset when it is coupled with access to agricultural tools and inputs, technology, and information regarding markets and services. Access to land and security of land tenure are also essential to the development of land as an asset.Access to land cannot be granted and legitimized without capacity for land manage- ment at the local and national government levels, which involve land policies, laws and land administrations. Most DDR contexts are likely to be faced with a myriad of land ten- ure systems and legal procedures involving traditional, indigenous, religious, colonial or other legacies. Support for legal aid services to aid those undergoing land disputes should be coordinated with relevant international and national actors to compliment reintegra- tion programmes. Special attention should be paid to access to land by women, widows, child-headed households, disabled individuals and other groups with specific needs. For more information on housing, land and property dispute mechanisms see section 10.6.The roles of women and their relationship to land and property should be addressed by the DDR programme through community-based reintegration whenever possible. In many cases, women suffer the most discrimination when it comes to access to land. DDR programmes should aim to support women\u2019s access to land and tenure security to promote gender equality and women\u2019s civil and human rights, but also because their productivity in the agricultural sector is extremely important for increased food security and overall GDP growth, as shown in several studies conducted in post-conflict settings. While it is important to encourage land management and tenure policies that are consistent with cultural norms, the reform of such administrative sectors also provides an opportunity to pave the way for women\u2019s rights in terms of property and land tenure.DDR programmes should seek to make land as profitable an asset as possible, by providing incentives for the sustainable use of natural resources, helping to develop the capacity for land and property rights through local and national institutions. These efforts can be augmented by linking up with early recovery and rule of law institutions wherever possible as well. In addition, land tenure security to protect those who are invested in land and who depend on it for livelihoods, such as in agricultural sectors, should be addressed through other partners at the national and international level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":881, "Sentence":"Most DDR contexts are likely to be faced with a myriad of land ten- ure systems and legal procedures involving traditional, indigenous, religious, colonial or other legacies.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ddr context likely faced myriad land ten ure system legal procedure involving traditional indigenous religious colonial legacy ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Land tenure and access to land", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) do not contain specific provisions to resolve land ownership issues and disputes. However, property rights, land tenure and access to land are all extremely important to economic reintegration in both rural and urban contexts. Land distribution, for example, can inform DDR practitioners of potential tensions and grievances that may (re-) emerge and lead to further disputes or conflict.While DDR programmes cannot produce land reform mechanisms, they can incorpo- rate awareness of the linkages between land and livelihoods into reintegration planning and implementation. Land becomes an asset when it is coupled with access to agricultural tools and inputs, technology, and information regarding markets and services. Access to land and security of land tenure are also essential to the development of land as an asset.Access to land cannot be granted and legitimized without capacity for land manage- ment at the local and national government levels, which involve land policies, laws and land administrations. Most DDR contexts are likely to be faced with a myriad of land ten- ure systems and legal procedures involving traditional, indigenous, religious, colonial or other legacies. Support for legal aid services to aid those undergoing land disputes should be coordinated with relevant international and national actors to compliment reintegra- tion programmes. Special attention should be paid to access to land by women, widows, child-headed households, disabled individuals and other groups with specific needs. For more information on housing, land and property dispute mechanisms see section 10.6.The roles of women and their relationship to land and property should be addressed by the DDR programme through community-based reintegration whenever possible. In many cases, women suffer the most discrimination when it comes to access to land. DDR programmes should aim to support women\u2019s access to land and tenure security to promote gender equality and women\u2019s civil and human rights, but also because their productivity in the agricultural sector is extremely important for increased food security and overall GDP growth, as shown in several studies conducted in post-conflict settings. While it is important to encourage land management and tenure policies that are consistent with cultural norms, the reform of such administrative sectors also provides an opportunity to pave the way for women\u2019s rights in terms of property and land tenure.DDR programmes should seek to make land as profitable an asset as possible, by providing incentives for the sustainable use of natural resources, helping to develop the capacity for land and property rights through local and national institutions. These efforts can be augmented by linking up with early recovery and rule of law institutions wherever possible as well. In addition, land tenure security to protect those who are invested in land and who depend on it for livelihoods, such as in agricultural sectors, should be addressed through other partners at the national and international level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":881, "Sentence":"Support for legal aid services to aid those undergoing land disputes should be coordinated with relevant international and national actors to compliment reintegra- tion programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration support legal aid service aid undergoing land dispute coordinated relevant international national actor compliment reintegra tion programme ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Land tenure and access to land", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) do not contain specific provisions to resolve land ownership issues and disputes. However, property rights, land tenure and access to land are all extremely important to economic reintegration in both rural and urban contexts. Land distribution, for example, can inform DDR practitioners of potential tensions and grievances that may (re-) emerge and lead to further disputes or conflict.While DDR programmes cannot produce land reform mechanisms, they can incorpo- rate awareness of the linkages between land and livelihoods into reintegration planning and implementation. Land becomes an asset when it is coupled with access to agricultural tools and inputs, technology, and information regarding markets and services. Access to land and security of land tenure are also essential to the development of land as an asset.Access to land cannot be granted and legitimized without capacity for land manage- ment at the local and national government levels, which involve land policies, laws and land administrations. Most DDR contexts are likely to be faced with a myriad of land ten- ure systems and legal procedures involving traditional, indigenous, religious, colonial or other legacies. Support for legal aid services to aid those undergoing land disputes should be coordinated with relevant international and national actors to compliment reintegra- tion programmes. Special attention should be paid to access to land by women, widows, child-headed households, disabled individuals and other groups with specific needs. For more information on housing, land and property dispute mechanisms see section 10.6.The roles of women and their relationship to land and property should be addressed by the DDR programme through community-based reintegration whenever possible. In many cases, women suffer the most discrimination when it comes to access to land. DDR programmes should aim to support women\u2019s access to land and tenure security to promote gender equality and women\u2019s civil and human rights, but also because their productivity in the agricultural sector is extremely important for increased food security and overall GDP growth, as shown in several studies conducted in post-conflict settings. While it is important to encourage land management and tenure policies that are consistent with cultural norms, the reform of such administrative sectors also provides an opportunity to pave the way for women\u2019s rights in terms of property and land tenure.DDR programmes should seek to make land as profitable an asset as possible, by providing incentives for the sustainable use of natural resources, helping to develop the capacity for land and property rights through local and national institutions. These efforts can be augmented by linking up with early recovery and rule of law institutions wherever possible as well. In addition, land tenure security to protect those who are invested in land and who depend on it for livelihoods, such as in agricultural sectors, should be addressed through other partners at the national and international level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":881, "Sentence":"Special attention should be paid to access to land by women, widows, child-headed households, disabled individuals and other groups with specific needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration special attention paid access land woman widow childheaded household disabled individual group specific need ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Land tenure and access to land", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) do not contain specific provisions to resolve land ownership issues and disputes. However, property rights, land tenure and access to land are all extremely important to economic reintegration in both rural and urban contexts. Land distribution, for example, can inform DDR practitioners of potential tensions and grievances that may (re-) emerge and lead to further disputes or conflict.While DDR programmes cannot produce land reform mechanisms, they can incorpo- rate awareness of the linkages between land and livelihoods into reintegration planning and implementation. Land becomes an asset when it is coupled with access to agricultural tools and inputs, technology, and information regarding markets and services. Access to land and security of land tenure are also essential to the development of land as an asset.Access to land cannot be granted and legitimized without capacity for land manage- ment at the local and national government levels, which involve land policies, laws and land administrations. Most DDR contexts are likely to be faced with a myriad of land ten- ure systems and legal procedures involving traditional, indigenous, religious, colonial or other legacies. Support for legal aid services to aid those undergoing land disputes should be coordinated with relevant international and national actors to compliment reintegra- tion programmes. Special attention should be paid to access to land by women, widows, child-headed households, disabled individuals and other groups with specific needs. For more information on housing, land and property dispute mechanisms see section 10.6.The roles of women and their relationship to land and property should be addressed by the DDR programme through community-based reintegration whenever possible. In many cases, women suffer the most discrimination when it comes to access to land. DDR programmes should aim to support women\u2019s access to land and tenure security to promote gender equality and women\u2019s civil and human rights, but also because their productivity in the agricultural sector is extremely important for increased food security and overall GDP growth, as shown in several studies conducted in post-conflict settings. While it is important to encourage land management and tenure policies that are consistent with cultural norms, the reform of such administrative sectors also provides an opportunity to pave the way for women\u2019s rights in terms of property and land tenure.DDR programmes should seek to make land as profitable an asset as possible, by providing incentives for the sustainable use of natural resources, helping to develop the capacity for land and property rights through local and national institutions. These efforts can be augmented by linking up with early recovery and rule of law institutions wherever possible as well. In addition, land tenure security to protect those who are invested in land and who depend on it for livelihoods, such as in agricultural sectors, should be addressed through other partners at the national and international level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":881, "Sentence":"For more information on housing, land and property dispute mechanisms see section 10.6.The roles of women and their relationship to land and property should be addressed by the DDR programme through community-based reintegration whenever possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration information housing land property dispute mechanism see section 10.6.the role woman relationship land property addressed ddr programme communitybased reintegration whenever possible ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Land tenure and access to land", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) do not contain specific provisions to resolve land ownership issues and disputes. However, property rights, land tenure and access to land are all extremely important to economic reintegration in both rural and urban contexts. Land distribution, for example, can inform DDR practitioners of potential tensions and grievances that may (re-) emerge and lead to further disputes or conflict.While DDR programmes cannot produce land reform mechanisms, they can incorpo- rate awareness of the linkages between land and livelihoods into reintegration planning and implementation. Land becomes an asset when it is coupled with access to agricultural tools and inputs, technology, and information regarding markets and services. Access to land and security of land tenure are also essential to the development of land as an asset.Access to land cannot be granted and legitimized without capacity for land manage- ment at the local and national government levels, which involve land policies, laws and land administrations. Most DDR contexts are likely to be faced with a myriad of land ten- ure systems and legal procedures involving traditional, indigenous, religious, colonial or other legacies. Support for legal aid services to aid those undergoing land disputes should be coordinated with relevant international and national actors to compliment reintegra- tion programmes. Special attention should be paid to access to land by women, widows, child-headed households, disabled individuals and other groups with specific needs. For more information on housing, land and property dispute mechanisms see section 10.6.The roles of women and their relationship to land and property should be addressed by the DDR programme through community-based reintegration whenever possible. In many cases, women suffer the most discrimination when it comes to access to land. DDR programmes should aim to support women\u2019s access to land and tenure security to promote gender equality and women\u2019s civil and human rights, but also because their productivity in the agricultural sector is extremely important for increased food security and overall GDP growth, as shown in several studies conducted in post-conflict settings. While it is important to encourage land management and tenure policies that are consistent with cultural norms, the reform of such administrative sectors also provides an opportunity to pave the way for women\u2019s rights in terms of property and land tenure.DDR programmes should seek to make land as profitable an asset as possible, by providing incentives for the sustainable use of natural resources, helping to develop the capacity for land and property rights through local and national institutions. These efforts can be augmented by linking up with early recovery and rule of law institutions wherever possible as well. In addition, land tenure security to protect those who are invested in land and who depend on it for livelihoods, such as in agricultural sectors, should be addressed through other partners at the national and international level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":881, "Sentence":"In many cases, women suffer the most discrimination when it comes to access to land.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration many case woman suffer discrimination come access land ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Land tenure and access to land", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) do not contain specific provisions to resolve land ownership issues and disputes. However, property rights, land tenure and access to land are all extremely important to economic reintegration in both rural and urban contexts. Land distribution, for example, can inform DDR practitioners of potential tensions and grievances that may (re-) emerge and lead to further disputes or conflict.While DDR programmes cannot produce land reform mechanisms, they can incorpo- rate awareness of the linkages between land and livelihoods into reintegration planning and implementation. Land becomes an asset when it is coupled with access to agricultural tools and inputs, technology, and information regarding markets and services. Access to land and security of land tenure are also essential to the development of land as an asset.Access to land cannot be granted and legitimized without capacity for land manage- ment at the local and national government levels, which involve land policies, laws and land administrations. Most DDR contexts are likely to be faced with a myriad of land ten- ure systems and legal procedures involving traditional, indigenous, religious, colonial or other legacies. Support for legal aid services to aid those undergoing land disputes should be coordinated with relevant international and national actors to compliment reintegra- tion programmes. Special attention should be paid to access to land by women, widows, child-headed households, disabled individuals and other groups with specific needs. For more information on housing, land and property dispute mechanisms see section 10.6.The roles of women and their relationship to land and property should be addressed by the DDR programme through community-based reintegration whenever possible. In many cases, women suffer the most discrimination when it comes to access to land. DDR programmes should aim to support women\u2019s access to land and tenure security to promote gender equality and women\u2019s civil and human rights, but also because their productivity in the agricultural sector is extremely important for increased food security and overall GDP growth, as shown in several studies conducted in post-conflict settings. While it is important to encourage land management and tenure policies that are consistent with cultural norms, the reform of such administrative sectors also provides an opportunity to pave the way for women\u2019s rights in terms of property and land tenure.DDR programmes should seek to make land as profitable an asset as possible, by providing incentives for the sustainable use of natural resources, helping to develop the capacity for land and property rights through local and national institutions. These efforts can be augmented by linking up with early recovery and rule of law institutions wherever possible as well. In addition, land tenure security to protect those who are invested in land and who depend on it for livelihoods, such as in agricultural sectors, should be addressed through other partners at the national and international level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":881, "Sentence":"DDR programmes should aim to support women\u2019s access to land and tenure security to promote gender equality and women\u2019s civil and human rights, but also because their productivity in the agricultural sector is extremely important for increased food security and overall GDP growth, as shown in several studies conducted in post-conflict settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ddr programme aim support woman \u2019 access land tenure security promote gender equality woman \u2019 civil human right also productivity agricultural sector extremely important increased food security overall gdp growth shown several study conducted postconflict setting ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Land tenure and access to land", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) do not contain specific provisions to resolve land ownership issues and disputes. However, property rights, land tenure and access to land are all extremely important to economic reintegration in both rural and urban contexts. Land distribution, for example, can inform DDR practitioners of potential tensions and grievances that may (re-) emerge and lead to further disputes or conflict.While DDR programmes cannot produce land reform mechanisms, they can incorpo- rate awareness of the linkages between land and livelihoods into reintegration planning and implementation. Land becomes an asset when it is coupled with access to agricultural tools and inputs, technology, and information regarding markets and services. Access to land and security of land tenure are also essential to the development of land as an asset.Access to land cannot be granted and legitimized without capacity for land manage- ment at the local and national government levels, which involve land policies, laws and land administrations. Most DDR contexts are likely to be faced with a myriad of land ten- ure systems and legal procedures involving traditional, indigenous, religious, colonial or other legacies. Support for legal aid services to aid those undergoing land disputes should be coordinated with relevant international and national actors to compliment reintegra- tion programmes. Special attention should be paid to access to land by women, widows, child-headed households, disabled individuals and other groups with specific needs. For more information on housing, land and property dispute mechanisms see section 10.6.The roles of women and their relationship to land and property should be addressed by the DDR programme through community-based reintegration whenever possible. In many cases, women suffer the most discrimination when it comes to access to land. DDR programmes should aim to support women\u2019s access to land and tenure security to promote gender equality and women\u2019s civil and human rights, but also because their productivity in the agricultural sector is extremely important for increased food security and overall GDP growth, as shown in several studies conducted in post-conflict settings. While it is important to encourage land management and tenure policies that are consistent with cultural norms, the reform of such administrative sectors also provides an opportunity to pave the way for women\u2019s rights in terms of property and land tenure.DDR programmes should seek to make land as profitable an asset as possible, by providing incentives for the sustainable use of natural resources, helping to develop the capacity for land and property rights through local and national institutions. These efforts can be augmented by linking up with early recovery and rule of law institutions wherever possible as well. In addition, land tenure security to protect those who are invested in land and who depend on it for livelihoods, such as in agricultural sectors, should be addressed through other partners at the national and international level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":881, "Sentence":"While it is important to encourage land management and tenure policies that are consistent with cultural norms, the reform of such administrative sectors also provides an opportunity to pave the way for women\u2019s rights in terms of property and land tenure.DDR programmes should seek to make land as profitable an asset as possible, by providing incentives for the sustainable use of natural resources, helping to develop the capacity for land and property rights through local and national institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration important encourage land management tenure policy consistent cultural norm reform administrative sector also provides opportunity pave way woman \u2019 right term property land tenure.ddr programme seek make land profitable asset possible providing incentive sustainable use natural resource helping develop capacity land property right local national institution ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Land tenure and access to land", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) do not contain specific provisions to resolve land ownership issues and disputes. However, property rights, land tenure and access to land are all extremely important to economic reintegration in both rural and urban contexts. Land distribution, for example, can inform DDR practitioners of potential tensions and grievances that may (re-) emerge and lead to further disputes or conflict.While DDR programmes cannot produce land reform mechanisms, they can incorpo- rate awareness of the linkages between land and livelihoods into reintegration planning and implementation. Land becomes an asset when it is coupled with access to agricultural tools and inputs, technology, and information regarding markets and services. Access to land and security of land tenure are also essential to the development of land as an asset.Access to land cannot be granted and legitimized without capacity for land manage- ment at the local and national government levels, which involve land policies, laws and land administrations. Most DDR contexts are likely to be faced with a myriad of land ten- ure systems and legal procedures involving traditional, indigenous, religious, colonial or other legacies. Support for legal aid services to aid those undergoing land disputes should be coordinated with relevant international and national actors to compliment reintegra- tion programmes. Special attention should be paid to access to land by women, widows, child-headed households, disabled individuals and other groups with specific needs. For more information on housing, land and property dispute mechanisms see section 10.6.The roles of women and their relationship to land and property should be addressed by the DDR programme through community-based reintegration whenever possible. In many cases, women suffer the most discrimination when it comes to access to land. DDR programmes should aim to support women\u2019s access to land and tenure security to promote gender equality and women\u2019s civil and human rights, but also because their productivity in the agricultural sector is extremely important for increased food security and overall GDP growth, as shown in several studies conducted in post-conflict settings. While it is important to encourage land management and tenure policies that are consistent with cultural norms, the reform of such administrative sectors also provides an opportunity to pave the way for women\u2019s rights in terms of property and land tenure.DDR programmes should seek to make land as profitable an asset as possible, by providing incentives for the sustainable use of natural resources, helping to develop the capacity for land and property rights through local and national institutions. These efforts can be augmented by linking up with early recovery and rule of law institutions wherever possible as well. In addition, land tenure security to protect those who are invested in land and who depend on it for livelihoods, such as in agricultural sectors, should be addressed through other partners at the national and international level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":881, "Sentence":"These efforts can be augmented by linking up with early recovery and rule of law institutions wherever possible as well.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration effort augmented linking early recovery rule law institution wherever possible well ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"9.4. Income generating opportunities", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Land tenure and access to land", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements (CPAs) do not contain specific provisions to resolve land ownership issues and disputes. However, property rights, land tenure and access to land are all extremely important to economic reintegration in both rural and urban contexts. Land distribution, for example, can inform DDR practitioners of potential tensions and grievances that may (re-) emerge and lead to further disputes or conflict.While DDR programmes cannot produce land reform mechanisms, they can incorpo- rate awareness of the linkages between land and livelihoods into reintegration planning and implementation. Land becomes an asset when it is coupled with access to agricultural tools and inputs, technology, and information regarding markets and services. Access to land and security of land tenure are also essential to the development of land as an asset.Access to land cannot be granted and legitimized without capacity for land manage- ment at the local and national government levels, which involve land policies, laws and land administrations. Most DDR contexts are likely to be faced with a myriad of land ten- ure systems and legal procedures involving traditional, indigenous, religious, colonial or other legacies. Support for legal aid services to aid those undergoing land disputes should be coordinated with relevant international and national actors to compliment reintegra- tion programmes. Special attention should be paid to access to land by women, widows, child-headed households, disabled individuals and other groups with specific needs. For more information on housing, land and property dispute mechanisms see section 10.6.The roles of women and their relationship to land and property should be addressed by the DDR programme through community-based reintegration whenever possible. In many cases, women suffer the most discrimination when it comes to access to land. DDR programmes should aim to support women\u2019s access to land and tenure security to promote gender equality and women\u2019s civil and human rights, but also because their productivity in the agricultural sector is extremely important for increased food security and overall GDP growth, as shown in several studies conducted in post-conflict settings. While it is important to encourage land management and tenure policies that are consistent with cultural norms, the reform of such administrative sectors also provides an opportunity to pave the way for women\u2019s rights in terms of property and land tenure.DDR programmes should seek to make land as profitable an asset as possible, by providing incentives for the sustainable use of natural resources, helping to develop the capacity for land and property rights through local and national institutions. These efforts can be augmented by linking up with early recovery and rule of law institutions wherever possible as well. In addition, land tenure security to protect those who are invested in land and who depend on it for livelihoods, such as in agricultural sectors, should be addressed through other partners at the national and international level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":881, "Sentence":"In addition, land tenure security to protect those who are invested in land and who depend on it for livelihoods, such as in agricultural sectors, should be addressed through other partners at the national and international level.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration addition land tenure security protect invested land depend livelihood agricultural sector addressed partner national international level ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Former combatants face a number of personal challenges during reintegration, including separation from social support networks inherent within armed groups and a subsequent sense of isolation, stigma, and rejection by communities of return and challenges related to renegotiating their societal and gender roles within the public and private spheres. Other challenges faced by ex-combatants include difficulty obtaining employment, psy- chosocial issues, including trauma-spectrum disorders, and physical health issues, such as living with a disability. These challenges may leave former combatants in particularly vulnerable social and\/or mental health situations and at risk for developing \u201canti-so- cial\u201d behaviors such as drug and alcohol abuse or engaging in violence against others or themselves.Acceptance of ex-combatants within communities of return, and wider society, is a key indicator of successful reintegration. An ex-combatant who has economic oppor- tunities but who is socially isolated or excluded cannot be considered as successfully reintegrated. Experience has shown that social reintegration is not only as equally impor- tant as economic reintegration, but that it can also be a pre-condition and a catalyst for employment and economic security. Progress towards and the success of social reinte- gration can often be tracked through qualitative tools like focus groups or key informant interviews with communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":882, "Sentence":"Former combatants face a number of personal challenges during reintegration, including separation from social support networks inherent within armed groups and a subsequent sense of isolation, stigma, and rejection by communities of return and challenges related to renegotiating their societal and gender roles within the public and private spheres.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration former combatant face number personal challenge reintegration including separation social support network inherent within armed group subsequent sense isolation stigma rejection community return challenge related renegotiating societal gender role within public private sphere ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Former combatants face a number of personal challenges during reintegration, including separation from social support networks inherent within armed groups and a subsequent sense of isolation, stigma, and rejection by communities of return and challenges related to renegotiating their societal and gender roles within the public and private spheres. Other challenges faced by ex-combatants include difficulty obtaining employment, psy- chosocial issues, including trauma-spectrum disorders, and physical health issues, such as living with a disability. These challenges may leave former combatants in particularly vulnerable social and\/or mental health situations and at risk for developing \u201canti-so- cial\u201d behaviors such as drug and alcohol abuse or engaging in violence against others or themselves.Acceptance of ex-combatants within communities of return, and wider society, is a key indicator of successful reintegration. An ex-combatant who has economic oppor- tunities but who is socially isolated or excluded cannot be considered as successfully reintegrated. Experience has shown that social reintegration is not only as equally impor- tant as economic reintegration, but that it can also be a pre-condition and a catalyst for employment and economic security. Progress towards and the success of social reinte- gration can often be tracked through qualitative tools like focus groups or key informant interviews with communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":882, "Sentence":"Other challenges faced by ex-combatants include difficulty obtaining employment, psy- chosocial issues, including trauma-spectrum disorders, and physical health issues, such as living with a disability.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration challenge faced excombatants include difficulty obtaining employment psy chosocial issue including traumaspectrum disorder physical health issue living disability ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Former combatants face a number of personal challenges during reintegration, including separation from social support networks inherent within armed groups and a subsequent sense of isolation, stigma, and rejection by communities of return and challenges related to renegotiating their societal and gender roles within the public and private spheres. Other challenges faced by ex-combatants include difficulty obtaining employment, psy- chosocial issues, including trauma-spectrum disorders, and physical health issues, such as living with a disability. These challenges may leave former combatants in particularly vulnerable social and\/or mental health situations and at risk for developing \u201canti-so- cial\u201d behaviors such as drug and alcohol abuse or engaging in violence against others or themselves.Acceptance of ex-combatants within communities of return, and wider society, is a key indicator of successful reintegration. An ex-combatant who has economic oppor- tunities but who is socially isolated or excluded cannot be considered as successfully reintegrated. Experience has shown that social reintegration is not only as equally impor- tant as economic reintegration, but that it can also be a pre-condition and a catalyst for employment and economic security. Progress towards and the success of social reinte- gration can often be tracked through qualitative tools like focus groups or key informant interviews with communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":882, "Sentence":"These challenges may leave former combatants in particularly vulnerable social and\/or mental health situations and at risk for developing \u201canti-so- cial\u201d behaviors such as drug and alcohol abuse or engaging in violence against others or themselves.Acceptance of ex-combatants within communities of return, and wider society, is a key indicator of successful reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration challenge may leave former combatant particularly vulnerable social and\/or mental health situation risk developing \u201c antiso cial \u201d behavior drug alcohol abuse engaging violence others themselves.acceptance excombatants within community return wider society key indicator successful reintegration ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Former combatants face a number of personal challenges during reintegration, including separation from social support networks inherent within armed groups and a subsequent sense of isolation, stigma, and rejection by communities of return and challenges related to renegotiating their societal and gender roles within the public and private spheres. Other challenges faced by ex-combatants include difficulty obtaining employment, psy- chosocial issues, including trauma-spectrum disorders, and physical health issues, such as living with a disability. These challenges may leave former combatants in particularly vulnerable social and\/or mental health situations and at risk for developing \u201canti-so- cial\u201d behaviors such as drug and alcohol abuse or engaging in violence against others or themselves.Acceptance of ex-combatants within communities of return, and wider society, is a key indicator of successful reintegration. An ex-combatant who has economic oppor- tunities but who is socially isolated or excluded cannot be considered as successfully reintegrated. Experience has shown that social reintegration is not only as equally impor- tant as economic reintegration, but that it can also be a pre-condition and a catalyst for employment and economic security. Progress towards and the success of social reinte- gration can often be tracked through qualitative tools like focus groups or key informant interviews with communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":882, "Sentence":"An ex-combatant who has economic oppor- tunities but who is socially isolated or excluded cannot be considered as successfully reintegrated.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration excombatant economic oppor tunities socially isolated excluded considered successfully reintegrated ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Former combatants face a number of personal challenges during reintegration, including separation from social support networks inherent within armed groups and a subsequent sense of isolation, stigma, and rejection by communities of return and challenges related to renegotiating their societal and gender roles within the public and private spheres. Other challenges faced by ex-combatants include difficulty obtaining employment, psy- chosocial issues, including trauma-spectrum disorders, and physical health issues, such as living with a disability. These challenges may leave former combatants in particularly vulnerable social and\/or mental health situations and at risk for developing \u201canti-so- cial\u201d behaviors such as drug and alcohol abuse or engaging in violence against others or themselves.Acceptance of ex-combatants within communities of return, and wider society, is a key indicator of successful reintegration. An ex-combatant who has economic oppor- tunities but who is socially isolated or excluded cannot be considered as successfully reintegrated. Experience has shown that social reintegration is not only as equally impor- tant as economic reintegration, but that it can also be a pre-condition and a catalyst for employment and economic security. Progress towards and the success of social reinte- gration can often be tracked through qualitative tools like focus groups or key informant interviews with communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":882, "Sentence":"Experience has shown that social reintegration is not only as equally impor- tant as economic reintegration, but that it can also be a pre-condition and a catalyst for employment and economic security.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration experience shown social reintegration equally impor tant economic reintegration also precondition catalyst employment economic security ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Former combatants face a number of personal challenges during reintegration, including separation from social support networks inherent within armed groups and a subsequent sense of isolation, stigma, and rejection by communities of return and challenges related to renegotiating their societal and gender roles within the public and private spheres. Other challenges faced by ex-combatants include difficulty obtaining employment, psy- chosocial issues, including trauma-spectrum disorders, and physical health issues, such as living with a disability. These challenges may leave former combatants in particularly vulnerable social and\/or mental health situations and at risk for developing \u201canti-so- cial\u201d behaviors such as drug and alcohol abuse or engaging in violence against others or themselves.Acceptance of ex-combatants within communities of return, and wider society, is a key indicator of successful reintegration. An ex-combatant who has economic oppor- tunities but who is socially isolated or excluded cannot be considered as successfully reintegrated. Experience has shown that social reintegration is not only as equally impor- tant as economic reintegration, but that it can also be a pre-condition and a catalyst for employment and economic security. Progress towards and the success of social reinte- gration can often be tracked through qualitative tools like focus groups or key informant interviews with communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":882, "Sentence":"Progress towards and the success of social reinte- gration can often be tracked through qualitative tools like focus groups or key informant interviews with communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration progress towards success social reinte gration often tracked qualitative tool like focus group key informant interview community ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.1. Socialization to violence of combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Many ex-combatants have been trained and socialized to use violence, and have inter- nalized norms that condone violence. Socialization to violence is often the result of an ex-combatant\u2019s exposure to and involvement in violence while with armed forces or groups who may have encouraged, taught, promoted, and\/or condoned the use of vio- lence (such as rape, torture or killing) as a mechanism to achieve group objectives. As a result of time spent with armed forces and groups, ex-combatants may associate weapons and\/or violence in general with power and see these things as central to their identities as men or women and to fulfilling their personal needs.Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. Violence is carried from the battlefield to the home and the community, where it can take on new forms and expressions. While the majority of ex-combatants are male, and vio- lence among male ex-combatants is more visible, female ex-combatants also appear to be more vulnerable to violent behaviour than civilian women in the general population. Without breaking down these norms, learning alternative behaviors, and coming to terms with the violent acts that they have experienced or committed, ex-combatants can find it difficult to reintegrate into civilian life.In economically challenging and socially complex post-conflict environments, male ex-combatants in particular may find it difficult to fulfill traditional gender and cultural roles associated with masculinity. Many may return home to discover that in their absence women have taken on traditional male responsibilities such as the role of \u2018breadwinner\u2019 or \u2018protector\u2019, challenging men\u2019s place in both the home and community and leading lead- ing to frustration, feelings of helplessness, etc. Equally, the return of men to communities may challenge these new roles, freedoms and authority experienced by women, causing further social disquiet.Ex-combatants\u2019 inability to deal with feelings of frustration, anger or sadness can result in self-directed violence (suicide, drug and alcohol abuse as coping mechanisms), interpersonal violence (GBV, intimate partner violence, child abuse, rape and murder) and group violence against the community (burglary, rape, harassment, beatings and murder), all forms of violence which are found to be common in some post-conflict environments. Integrated approaches work best for facilitating comprehensive change. In order to effectively address socialization to violence, reintegration assistance should target family and community members as well as ex-combatants themselves to address social and psy- chosocial needs and perceptions of these needs holistically. For more information on the concept of \u2018socialization to violence\u2019 see UNDP\u2019s report entitled, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (2012).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":883, "Sentence":"Many ex-combatants have been trained and socialized to use violence, and have inter- nalized norms that condone violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration many excombatants trained socialized use violence inter nalized norm condone violence ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.1. Socialization to violence of combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Many ex-combatants have been trained and socialized to use violence, and have inter- nalized norms that condone violence. Socialization to violence is often the result of an ex-combatant\u2019s exposure to and involvement in violence while with armed forces or groups who may have encouraged, taught, promoted, and\/or condoned the use of vio- lence (such as rape, torture or killing) as a mechanism to achieve group objectives. As a result of time spent with armed forces and groups, ex-combatants may associate weapons and\/or violence in general with power and see these things as central to their identities as men or women and to fulfilling their personal needs.Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. Violence is carried from the battlefield to the home and the community, where it can take on new forms and expressions. While the majority of ex-combatants are male, and vio- lence among male ex-combatants is more visible, female ex-combatants also appear to be more vulnerable to violent behaviour than civilian women in the general population. Without breaking down these norms, learning alternative behaviors, and coming to terms with the violent acts that they have experienced or committed, ex-combatants can find it difficult to reintegrate into civilian life.In economically challenging and socially complex post-conflict environments, male ex-combatants in particular may find it difficult to fulfill traditional gender and cultural roles associated with masculinity. Many may return home to discover that in their absence women have taken on traditional male responsibilities such as the role of \u2018breadwinner\u2019 or \u2018protector\u2019, challenging men\u2019s place in both the home and community and leading lead- ing to frustration, feelings of helplessness, etc. Equally, the return of men to communities may challenge these new roles, freedoms and authority experienced by women, causing further social disquiet.Ex-combatants\u2019 inability to deal with feelings of frustration, anger or sadness can result in self-directed violence (suicide, drug and alcohol abuse as coping mechanisms), interpersonal violence (GBV, intimate partner violence, child abuse, rape and murder) and group violence against the community (burglary, rape, harassment, beatings and murder), all forms of violence which are found to be common in some post-conflict environments. Integrated approaches work best for facilitating comprehensive change. In order to effectively address socialization to violence, reintegration assistance should target family and community members as well as ex-combatants themselves to address social and psy- chosocial needs and perceptions of these needs holistically. For more information on the concept of \u2018socialization to violence\u2019 see UNDP\u2019s report entitled, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (2012).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":883, "Sentence":"Socialization to violence is often the result of an ex-combatant\u2019s exposure to and involvement in violence while with armed forces or groups who may have encouraged, taught, promoted, and\/or condoned the use of vio- lence (such as rape, torture or killing) as a mechanism to achieve group objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration socialization violence often result excombatant \u2019 exposure involvement violence armed force group may encouraged taught promoted and\/or condoned use vio lence rape torture killing mechanism achieve group objective ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.1. Socialization to violence of combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Many ex-combatants have been trained and socialized to use violence, and have inter- nalized norms that condone violence. Socialization to violence is often the result of an ex-combatant\u2019s exposure to and involvement in violence while with armed forces or groups who may have encouraged, taught, promoted, and\/or condoned the use of vio- lence (such as rape, torture or killing) as a mechanism to achieve group objectives. As a result of time spent with armed forces and groups, ex-combatants may associate weapons and\/or violence in general with power and see these things as central to their identities as men or women and to fulfilling their personal needs.Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. Violence is carried from the battlefield to the home and the community, where it can take on new forms and expressions. While the majority of ex-combatants are male, and vio- lence among male ex-combatants is more visible, female ex-combatants also appear to be more vulnerable to violent behaviour than civilian women in the general population. Without breaking down these norms, learning alternative behaviors, and coming to terms with the violent acts that they have experienced or committed, ex-combatants can find it difficult to reintegrate into civilian life.In economically challenging and socially complex post-conflict environments, male ex-combatants in particular may find it difficult to fulfill traditional gender and cultural roles associated with masculinity. Many may return home to discover that in their absence women have taken on traditional male responsibilities such as the role of \u2018breadwinner\u2019 or \u2018protector\u2019, challenging men\u2019s place in both the home and community and leading lead- ing to frustration, feelings of helplessness, etc. Equally, the return of men to communities may challenge these new roles, freedoms and authority experienced by women, causing further social disquiet.Ex-combatants\u2019 inability to deal with feelings of frustration, anger or sadness can result in self-directed violence (suicide, drug and alcohol abuse as coping mechanisms), interpersonal violence (GBV, intimate partner violence, child abuse, rape and murder) and group violence against the community (burglary, rape, harassment, beatings and murder), all forms of violence which are found to be common in some post-conflict environments. Integrated approaches work best for facilitating comprehensive change. In order to effectively address socialization to violence, reintegration assistance should target family and community members as well as ex-combatants themselves to address social and psy- chosocial needs and perceptions of these needs holistically. For more information on the concept of \u2018socialization to violence\u2019 see UNDP\u2019s report entitled, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (2012).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":883, "Sentence":"As a result of time spent with armed forces and groups, ex-combatants may associate weapons and\/or violence in general with power and see these things as central to their identities as men or women and to fulfilling their personal needs.Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration result time spent armed force group excombatants may associate weapon and\/or violence general power see thing central identity men woman fulfilling personal needs.systematic data pattern violence among excombatants still fragmentary evidence many postconflict context suggests excombatants socialized use violence often continue pattern peacebuilding period ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.1. Socialization to violence of combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Many ex-combatants have been trained and socialized to use violence, and have inter- nalized norms that condone violence. Socialization to violence is often the result of an ex-combatant\u2019s exposure to and involvement in violence while with armed forces or groups who may have encouraged, taught, promoted, and\/or condoned the use of vio- lence (such as rape, torture or killing) as a mechanism to achieve group objectives. As a result of time spent with armed forces and groups, ex-combatants may associate weapons and\/or violence in general with power and see these things as central to their identities as men or women and to fulfilling their personal needs.Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. Violence is carried from the battlefield to the home and the community, where it can take on new forms and expressions. While the majority of ex-combatants are male, and vio- lence among male ex-combatants is more visible, female ex-combatants also appear to be more vulnerable to violent behaviour than civilian women in the general population. Without breaking down these norms, learning alternative behaviors, and coming to terms with the violent acts that they have experienced or committed, ex-combatants can find it difficult to reintegrate into civilian life.In economically challenging and socially complex post-conflict environments, male ex-combatants in particular may find it difficult to fulfill traditional gender and cultural roles associated with masculinity. Many may return home to discover that in their absence women have taken on traditional male responsibilities such as the role of \u2018breadwinner\u2019 or \u2018protector\u2019, challenging men\u2019s place in both the home and community and leading lead- ing to frustration, feelings of helplessness, etc. Equally, the return of men to communities may challenge these new roles, freedoms and authority experienced by women, causing further social disquiet.Ex-combatants\u2019 inability to deal with feelings of frustration, anger or sadness can result in self-directed violence (suicide, drug and alcohol abuse as coping mechanisms), interpersonal violence (GBV, intimate partner violence, child abuse, rape and murder) and group violence against the community (burglary, rape, harassment, beatings and murder), all forms of violence which are found to be common in some post-conflict environments. Integrated approaches work best for facilitating comprehensive change. In order to effectively address socialization to violence, reintegration assistance should target family and community members as well as ex-combatants themselves to address social and psy- chosocial needs and perceptions of these needs holistically. For more information on the concept of \u2018socialization to violence\u2019 see UNDP\u2019s report entitled, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (2012).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":883, "Sentence":"Violence is carried from the battlefield to the home and the community, where it can take on new forms and expressions.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration violence carried battlefield home community take new form expression ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.1. Socialization to violence of combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Many ex-combatants have been trained and socialized to use violence, and have inter- nalized norms that condone violence. Socialization to violence is often the result of an ex-combatant\u2019s exposure to and involvement in violence while with armed forces or groups who may have encouraged, taught, promoted, and\/or condoned the use of vio- lence (such as rape, torture or killing) as a mechanism to achieve group objectives. As a result of time spent with armed forces and groups, ex-combatants may associate weapons and\/or violence in general with power and see these things as central to their identities as men or women and to fulfilling their personal needs.Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. Violence is carried from the battlefield to the home and the community, where it can take on new forms and expressions. While the majority of ex-combatants are male, and vio- lence among male ex-combatants is more visible, female ex-combatants also appear to be more vulnerable to violent behaviour than civilian women in the general population. Without breaking down these norms, learning alternative behaviors, and coming to terms with the violent acts that they have experienced or committed, ex-combatants can find it difficult to reintegrate into civilian life.In economically challenging and socially complex post-conflict environments, male ex-combatants in particular may find it difficult to fulfill traditional gender and cultural roles associated with masculinity. Many may return home to discover that in their absence women have taken on traditional male responsibilities such as the role of \u2018breadwinner\u2019 or \u2018protector\u2019, challenging men\u2019s place in both the home and community and leading lead- ing to frustration, feelings of helplessness, etc. Equally, the return of men to communities may challenge these new roles, freedoms and authority experienced by women, causing further social disquiet.Ex-combatants\u2019 inability to deal with feelings of frustration, anger or sadness can result in self-directed violence (suicide, drug and alcohol abuse as coping mechanisms), interpersonal violence (GBV, intimate partner violence, child abuse, rape and murder) and group violence against the community (burglary, rape, harassment, beatings and murder), all forms of violence which are found to be common in some post-conflict environments. Integrated approaches work best for facilitating comprehensive change. In order to effectively address socialization to violence, reintegration assistance should target family and community members as well as ex-combatants themselves to address social and psy- chosocial needs and perceptions of these needs holistically. For more information on the concept of \u2018socialization to violence\u2019 see UNDP\u2019s report entitled, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (2012).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":883, "Sentence":"While the majority of ex-combatants are male, and vio- lence among male ex-combatants is more visible, female ex-combatants also appear to be more vulnerable to violent behaviour than civilian women in the general population.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration majority excombatants male vio lence among male excombatants visible female excombatants also appear vulnerable violent behaviour civilian woman general population ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.1. Socialization to violence of combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Many ex-combatants have been trained and socialized to use violence, and have inter- nalized norms that condone violence. Socialization to violence is often the result of an ex-combatant\u2019s exposure to and involvement in violence while with armed forces or groups who may have encouraged, taught, promoted, and\/or condoned the use of vio- lence (such as rape, torture or killing) as a mechanism to achieve group objectives. As a result of time spent with armed forces and groups, ex-combatants may associate weapons and\/or violence in general with power and see these things as central to their identities as men or women and to fulfilling their personal needs.Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. Violence is carried from the battlefield to the home and the community, where it can take on new forms and expressions. While the majority of ex-combatants are male, and vio- lence among male ex-combatants is more visible, female ex-combatants also appear to be more vulnerable to violent behaviour than civilian women in the general population. Without breaking down these norms, learning alternative behaviors, and coming to terms with the violent acts that they have experienced or committed, ex-combatants can find it difficult to reintegrate into civilian life.In economically challenging and socially complex post-conflict environments, male ex-combatants in particular may find it difficult to fulfill traditional gender and cultural roles associated with masculinity. Many may return home to discover that in their absence women have taken on traditional male responsibilities such as the role of \u2018breadwinner\u2019 or \u2018protector\u2019, challenging men\u2019s place in both the home and community and leading lead- ing to frustration, feelings of helplessness, etc. Equally, the return of men to communities may challenge these new roles, freedoms and authority experienced by women, causing further social disquiet.Ex-combatants\u2019 inability to deal with feelings of frustration, anger or sadness can result in self-directed violence (suicide, drug and alcohol abuse as coping mechanisms), interpersonal violence (GBV, intimate partner violence, child abuse, rape and murder) and group violence against the community (burglary, rape, harassment, beatings and murder), all forms of violence which are found to be common in some post-conflict environments. Integrated approaches work best for facilitating comprehensive change. In order to effectively address socialization to violence, reintegration assistance should target family and community members as well as ex-combatants themselves to address social and psy- chosocial needs and perceptions of these needs holistically. For more information on the concept of \u2018socialization to violence\u2019 see UNDP\u2019s report entitled, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (2012).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":883, "Sentence":"Without breaking down these norms, learning alternative behaviors, and coming to terms with the violent acts that they have experienced or committed, ex-combatants can find it difficult to reintegrate into civilian life.In economically challenging and socially complex post-conflict environments, male ex-combatants in particular may find it difficult to fulfill traditional gender and cultural roles associated with masculinity.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration without breaking norm learning alternative behavior coming term violent act experienced committed excombatants find difficult reintegrate civilian life.in economically challenging socially complex postconflict environment male excombatants particular may find difficult fulfill traditional gender cultural role associated masculinity ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.1. Socialization to violence of combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Many ex-combatants have been trained and socialized to use violence, and have inter- nalized norms that condone violence. Socialization to violence is often the result of an ex-combatant\u2019s exposure to and involvement in violence while with armed forces or groups who may have encouraged, taught, promoted, and\/or condoned the use of vio- lence (such as rape, torture or killing) as a mechanism to achieve group objectives. As a result of time spent with armed forces and groups, ex-combatants may associate weapons and\/or violence in general with power and see these things as central to their identities as men or women and to fulfilling their personal needs.Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. Violence is carried from the battlefield to the home and the community, where it can take on new forms and expressions. While the majority of ex-combatants are male, and vio- lence among male ex-combatants is more visible, female ex-combatants also appear to be more vulnerable to violent behaviour than civilian women in the general population. Without breaking down these norms, learning alternative behaviors, and coming to terms with the violent acts that they have experienced or committed, ex-combatants can find it difficult to reintegrate into civilian life.In economically challenging and socially complex post-conflict environments, male ex-combatants in particular may find it difficult to fulfill traditional gender and cultural roles associated with masculinity. Many may return home to discover that in their absence women have taken on traditional male responsibilities such as the role of \u2018breadwinner\u2019 or \u2018protector\u2019, challenging men\u2019s place in both the home and community and leading lead- ing to frustration, feelings of helplessness, etc. Equally, the return of men to communities may challenge these new roles, freedoms and authority experienced by women, causing further social disquiet.Ex-combatants\u2019 inability to deal with feelings of frustration, anger or sadness can result in self-directed violence (suicide, drug and alcohol abuse as coping mechanisms), interpersonal violence (GBV, intimate partner violence, child abuse, rape and murder) and group violence against the community (burglary, rape, harassment, beatings and murder), all forms of violence which are found to be common in some post-conflict environments. Integrated approaches work best for facilitating comprehensive change. In order to effectively address socialization to violence, reintegration assistance should target family and community members as well as ex-combatants themselves to address social and psy- chosocial needs and perceptions of these needs holistically. For more information on the concept of \u2018socialization to violence\u2019 see UNDP\u2019s report entitled, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (2012).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":883, "Sentence":"Many may return home to discover that in their absence women have taken on traditional male responsibilities such as the role of \u2018breadwinner\u2019 or \u2018protector\u2019, challenging men\u2019s place in both the home and community and leading lead- ing to frustration, feelings of helplessness, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration many may return home discover absence woman taken traditional male responsibility role \u2018 breadwinner \u2019 \u2018 protector \u2019 challenging men \u2019 place home community leading lead ing frustration feeling helplessness etc ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.1. Socialization to violence of combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Many ex-combatants have been trained and socialized to use violence, and have inter- nalized norms that condone violence. Socialization to violence is often the result of an ex-combatant\u2019s exposure to and involvement in violence while with armed forces or groups who may have encouraged, taught, promoted, and\/or condoned the use of vio- lence (such as rape, torture or killing) as a mechanism to achieve group objectives. As a result of time spent with armed forces and groups, ex-combatants may associate weapons and\/or violence in general with power and see these things as central to their identities as men or women and to fulfilling their personal needs.Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. Violence is carried from the battlefield to the home and the community, where it can take on new forms and expressions. While the majority of ex-combatants are male, and vio- lence among male ex-combatants is more visible, female ex-combatants also appear to be more vulnerable to violent behaviour than civilian women in the general population. Without breaking down these norms, learning alternative behaviors, and coming to terms with the violent acts that they have experienced or committed, ex-combatants can find it difficult to reintegrate into civilian life.In economically challenging and socially complex post-conflict environments, male ex-combatants in particular may find it difficult to fulfill traditional gender and cultural roles associated with masculinity. Many may return home to discover that in their absence women have taken on traditional male responsibilities such as the role of \u2018breadwinner\u2019 or \u2018protector\u2019, challenging men\u2019s place in both the home and community and leading lead- ing to frustration, feelings of helplessness, etc. Equally, the return of men to communities may challenge these new roles, freedoms and authority experienced by women, causing further social disquiet.Ex-combatants\u2019 inability to deal with feelings of frustration, anger or sadness can result in self-directed violence (suicide, drug and alcohol abuse as coping mechanisms), interpersonal violence (GBV, intimate partner violence, child abuse, rape and murder) and group violence against the community (burglary, rape, harassment, beatings and murder), all forms of violence which are found to be common in some post-conflict environments. Integrated approaches work best for facilitating comprehensive change. In order to effectively address socialization to violence, reintegration assistance should target family and community members as well as ex-combatants themselves to address social and psy- chosocial needs and perceptions of these needs holistically. For more information on the concept of \u2018socialization to violence\u2019 see UNDP\u2019s report entitled, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (2012).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":883, "Sentence":"Equally, the return of men to communities may challenge these new roles, freedoms and authority experienced by women, causing further social disquiet.Ex-combatants\u2019 inability to deal with feelings of frustration, anger or sadness can result in self-directed violence (suicide, drug and alcohol abuse as coping mechanisms), interpersonal violence (GBV, intimate partner violence, child abuse, rape and murder) and group violence against the community (burglary, rape, harassment, beatings and murder), all forms of violence which are found to be common in some post-conflict environments.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration equally return men community may challenge new role freedom authority experienced woman causing social disquiet.excombatants \u2019 inability deal feeling frustration anger sadness result selfdirected violence suicide drug alcohol abuse coping mechanism interpersonal violence gbv intimate partner violence child abuse rape murder group violence community burglary rape harassment beating murder form violence found common postconflict environment ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.1. Socialization to violence of combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Many ex-combatants have been trained and socialized to use violence, and have inter- nalized norms that condone violence. Socialization to violence is often the result of an ex-combatant\u2019s exposure to and involvement in violence while with armed forces or groups who may have encouraged, taught, promoted, and\/or condoned the use of vio- lence (such as rape, torture or killing) as a mechanism to achieve group objectives. As a result of time spent with armed forces and groups, ex-combatants may associate weapons and\/or violence in general with power and see these things as central to their identities as men or women and to fulfilling their personal needs.Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. Violence is carried from the battlefield to the home and the community, where it can take on new forms and expressions. While the majority of ex-combatants are male, and vio- lence among male ex-combatants is more visible, female ex-combatants also appear to be more vulnerable to violent behaviour than civilian women in the general population. Without breaking down these norms, learning alternative behaviors, and coming to terms with the violent acts that they have experienced or committed, ex-combatants can find it difficult to reintegrate into civilian life.In economically challenging and socially complex post-conflict environments, male ex-combatants in particular may find it difficult to fulfill traditional gender and cultural roles associated with masculinity. Many may return home to discover that in their absence women have taken on traditional male responsibilities such as the role of \u2018breadwinner\u2019 or \u2018protector\u2019, challenging men\u2019s place in both the home and community and leading lead- ing to frustration, feelings of helplessness, etc. Equally, the return of men to communities may challenge these new roles, freedoms and authority experienced by women, causing further social disquiet.Ex-combatants\u2019 inability to deal with feelings of frustration, anger or sadness can result in self-directed violence (suicide, drug and alcohol abuse as coping mechanisms), interpersonal violence (GBV, intimate partner violence, child abuse, rape and murder) and group violence against the community (burglary, rape, harassment, beatings and murder), all forms of violence which are found to be common in some post-conflict environments. Integrated approaches work best for facilitating comprehensive change. In order to effectively address socialization to violence, reintegration assistance should target family and community members as well as ex-combatants themselves to address social and psy- chosocial needs and perceptions of these needs holistically. For more information on the concept of \u2018socialization to violence\u2019 see UNDP\u2019s report entitled, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (2012).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":883, "Sentence":"Integrated approaches work best for facilitating comprehensive change.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration integrated approach work best facilitating comprehensive change ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.1. Socialization to violence of combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Many ex-combatants have been trained and socialized to use violence, and have inter- nalized norms that condone violence. Socialization to violence is often the result of an ex-combatant\u2019s exposure to and involvement in violence while with armed forces or groups who may have encouraged, taught, promoted, and\/or condoned the use of vio- lence (such as rape, torture or killing) as a mechanism to achieve group objectives. As a result of time spent with armed forces and groups, ex-combatants may associate weapons and\/or violence in general with power and see these things as central to their identities as men or women and to fulfilling their personal needs.Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. Violence is carried from the battlefield to the home and the community, where it can take on new forms and expressions. While the majority of ex-combatants are male, and vio- lence among male ex-combatants is more visible, female ex-combatants also appear to be more vulnerable to violent behaviour than civilian women in the general population. Without breaking down these norms, learning alternative behaviors, and coming to terms with the violent acts that they have experienced or committed, ex-combatants can find it difficult to reintegrate into civilian life.In economically challenging and socially complex post-conflict environments, male ex-combatants in particular may find it difficult to fulfill traditional gender and cultural roles associated with masculinity. Many may return home to discover that in their absence women have taken on traditional male responsibilities such as the role of \u2018breadwinner\u2019 or \u2018protector\u2019, challenging men\u2019s place in both the home and community and leading lead- ing to frustration, feelings of helplessness, etc. Equally, the return of men to communities may challenge these new roles, freedoms and authority experienced by women, causing further social disquiet.Ex-combatants\u2019 inability to deal with feelings of frustration, anger or sadness can result in self-directed violence (suicide, drug and alcohol abuse as coping mechanisms), interpersonal violence (GBV, intimate partner violence, child abuse, rape and murder) and group violence against the community (burglary, rape, harassment, beatings and murder), all forms of violence which are found to be common in some post-conflict environments. Integrated approaches work best for facilitating comprehensive change. In order to effectively address socialization to violence, reintegration assistance should target family and community members as well as ex-combatants themselves to address social and psy- chosocial needs and perceptions of these needs holistically. For more information on the concept of \u2018socialization to violence\u2019 see UNDP\u2019s report entitled, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (2012).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":883, "Sentence":"In order to effectively address socialization to violence, reintegration assistance should target family and community members as well as ex-combatants themselves to address social and psy- chosocial needs and perceptions of these needs holistically.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration order effectively address socialization violence reintegration assistance target family community member well excombatants address social psy chosocial need perception need holistically ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.1. Socialization to violence of combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Many ex-combatants have been trained and socialized to use violence, and have inter- nalized norms that condone violence. Socialization to violence is often the result of an ex-combatant\u2019s exposure to and involvement in violence while with armed forces or groups who may have encouraged, taught, promoted, and\/or condoned the use of vio- lence (such as rape, torture or killing) as a mechanism to achieve group objectives. As a result of time spent with armed forces and groups, ex-combatants may associate weapons and\/or violence in general with power and see these things as central to their identities as men or women and to fulfilling their personal needs.Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. Violence is carried from the battlefield to the home and the community, where it can take on new forms and expressions. While the majority of ex-combatants are male, and vio- lence among male ex-combatants is more visible, female ex-combatants also appear to be more vulnerable to violent behaviour than civilian women in the general population. Without breaking down these norms, learning alternative behaviors, and coming to terms with the violent acts that they have experienced or committed, ex-combatants can find it difficult to reintegrate into civilian life.In economically challenging and socially complex post-conflict environments, male ex-combatants in particular may find it difficult to fulfill traditional gender and cultural roles associated with masculinity. Many may return home to discover that in their absence women have taken on traditional male responsibilities such as the role of \u2018breadwinner\u2019 or \u2018protector\u2019, challenging men\u2019s place in both the home and community and leading lead- ing to frustration, feelings of helplessness, etc. Equally, the return of men to communities may challenge these new roles, freedoms and authority experienced by women, causing further social disquiet.Ex-combatants\u2019 inability to deal with feelings of frustration, anger or sadness can result in self-directed violence (suicide, drug and alcohol abuse as coping mechanisms), interpersonal violence (GBV, intimate partner violence, child abuse, rape and murder) and group violence against the community (burglary, rape, harassment, beatings and murder), all forms of violence which are found to be common in some post-conflict environments. Integrated approaches work best for facilitating comprehensive change. In order to effectively address socialization to violence, reintegration assistance should target family and community members as well as ex-combatants themselves to address social and psy- chosocial needs and perceptions of these needs holistically. For more information on the concept of \u2018socialization to violence\u2019 see UNDP\u2019s report entitled, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (2012).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":883, "Sentence":"For more information on the concept of \u2018socialization to violence\u2019 see UNDP\u2019s report entitled, Blame It on the War?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration information concept \u2018 socialization violence \u2019 see undp \u2019 report entitled blame war" }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.1. Socialization to violence of combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Many ex-combatants have been trained and socialized to use violence, and have inter- nalized norms that condone violence. Socialization to violence is often the result of an ex-combatant\u2019s exposure to and involvement in violence while with armed forces or groups who may have encouraged, taught, promoted, and\/or condoned the use of vio- lence (such as rape, torture or killing) as a mechanism to achieve group objectives. As a result of time spent with armed forces and groups, ex-combatants may associate weapons and\/or violence in general with power and see these things as central to their identities as men or women and to fulfilling their personal needs.Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. Violence is carried from the battlefield to the home and the community, where it can take on new forms and expressions. While the majority of ex-combatants are male, and vio- lence among male ex-combatants is more visible, female ex-combatants also appear to be more vulnerable to violent behaviour than civilian women in the general population. Without breaking down these norms, learning alternative behaviors, and coming to terms with the violent acts that they have experienced or committed, ex-combatants can find it difficult to reintegrate into civilian life.In economically challenging and socially complex post-conflict environments, male ex-combatants in particular may find it difficult to fulfill traditional gender and cultural roles associated with masculinity. Many may return home to discover that in their absence women have taken on traditional male responsibilities such as the role of \u2018breadwinner\u2019 or \u2018protector\u2019, challenging men\u2019s place in both the home and community and leading lead- ing to frustration, feelings of helplessness, etc. Equally, the return of men to communities may challenge these new roles, freedoms and authority experienced by women, causing further social disquiet.Ex-combatants\u2019 inability to deal with feelings of frustration, anger or sadness can result in self-directed violence (suicide, drug and alcohol abuse as coping mechanisms), interpersonal violence (GBV, intimate partner violence, child abuse, rape and murder) and group violence against the community (burglary, rape, harassment, beatings and murder), all forms of violence which are found to be common in some post-conflict environments. Integrated approaches work best for facilitating comprehensive change. In order to effectively address socialization to violence, reintegration assistance should target family and community members as well as ex-combatants themselves to address social and psy- chosocial needs and perceptions of these needs holistically. For more information on the concept of \u2018socialization to violence\u2019 see UNDP\u2019s report entitled, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Violence in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (2012).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":883, "Sentence":"The Gender Dimensions of Violence in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (2012).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration gender dimension violence disarmament demobilization reintegration 2012 ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.2. Reconciliation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Reconciliation among all groups is perhaps the most fragile and significant process within a national peace-building strategy, and may include many parallel processes, such as transitional justice measures (i.e. reparations and truth commissions) (see Module 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice for more information).A key component of the reintegration is the process of reconciliation. Reconciliation should take place within war-affected communities if long-term security is to be firmly established. Ex-combatants, associated groups and their dependants are one of several groups, including refugees and the internally displaced, who are returning and reinte- grating into post-conflict communities. These groups, and the community itself, have each had different experiences of the conflict and may require different strategies and assis- tance to rebuild their lives and social networks.Reconciliation between ex-combatants and receiving communities is the backbone of the reintegration process. Any reconciliation initiative needs to make sure that the dignity and safety of victims, especially survivors of sexual and gender-based vio- lence, is respected. Furthermore, it must be remembered that conceptions of transitional justice and reconciliation differ in each context. DDR practitioners should therefore explore and consider cultural traditions and indigenous practices that may be effectively used to begin reconciliation processes. Ceremonies that involve a public confrontation between victim and perpetrator should be avoided as they can lead to further trauma and stigmatization.In addition to focused \u2018reconciliation activities\u2019, reintegration programmes should aim to mainstream and encourage reconciliation in all components of reintegration. To achieve this, DDR programmes should benefit the community as a whole and should offer specifically-designed assistance to other war-affected groups (see section 6.2. on commu- nity-based reintegration).Working together in mixed groups of returning combatants, IDPs, refugees, and com- munity members, especially on economically productive activities such as agricultural cooperatives, group micro credit schemes, and labour-intensive community infrastruc- ture rehabilitation, can reduce negative stereotypes and build trust. DDR programmes should also identify \u2013 together with other reintegration and recovery programmes \u2013 ways of supporting reconciliation, peacebuilding and reparation initiatives and mechanisms.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":884, "Sentence":"Reconciliation among all groups is perhaps the most fragile and significant process within a national peace-building strategy, and may include many parallel processes, such as transitional justice measures (i.e.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reconciliation among group perhaps fragile significant process within national peacebuilding strategy may include many parallel process transitional justice measure i.e ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.2. Reconciliation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Reconciliation among all groups is perhaps the most fragile and significant process within a national peace-building strategy, and may include many parallel processes, such as transitional justice measures (i.e. reparations and truth commissions) (see Module 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice for more information).A key component of the reintegration is the process of reconciliation. Reconciliation should take place within war-affected communities if long-term security is to be firmly established. Ex-combatants, associated groups and their dependants are one of several groups, including refugees and the internally displaced, who are returning and reinte- grating into post-conflict communities. These groups, and the community itself, have each had different experiences of the conflict and may require different strategies and assis- tance to rebuild their lives and social networks.Reconciliation between ex-combatants and receiving communities is the backbone of the reintegration process. Any reconciliation initiative needs to make sure that the dignity and safety of victims, especially survivors of sexual and gender-based vio- lence, is respected. Furthermore, it must be remembered that conceptions of transitional justice and reconciliation differ in each context. DDR practitioners should therefore explore and consider cultural traditions and indigenous practices that may be effectively used to begin reconciliation processes. Ceremonies that involve a public confrontation between victim and perpetrator should be avoided as they can lead to further trauma and stigmatization.In addition to focused \u2018reconciliation activities\u2019, reintegration programmes should aim to mainstream and encourage reconciliation in all components of reintegration. To achieve this, DDR programmes should benefit the community as a whole and should offer specifically-designed assistance to other war-affected groups (see section 6.2. on commu- nity-based reintegration).Working together in mixed groups of returning combatants, IDPs, refugees, and com- munity members, especially on economically productive activities such as agricultural cooperatives, group micro credit schemes, and labour-intensive community infrastruc- ture rehabilitation, can reduce negative stereotypes and build trust. DDR programmes should also identify \u2013 together with other reintegration and recovery programmes \u2013 ways of supporting reconciliation, peacebuilding and reparation initiatives and mechanisms.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":884, "Sentence":"reparations and truth commissions) (see Module 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice for more information).A key component of the reintegration is the process of reconciliation.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reparation truth commission see module 6.20 ddr transitional justice information.a key component reintegration process reconciliation ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.2. Reconciliation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Reconciliation among all groups is perhaps the most fragile and significant process within a national peace-building strategy, and may include many parallel processes, such as transitional justice measures (i.e. reparations and truth commissions) (see Module 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice for more information).A key component of the reintegration is the process of reconciliation. Reconciliation should take place within war-affected communities if long-term security is to be firmly established. Ex-combatants, associated groups and their dependants are one of several groups, including refugees and the internally displaced, who are returning and reinte- grating into post-conflict communities. These groups, and the community itself, have each had different experiences of the conflict and may require different strategies and assis- tance to rebuild their lives and social networks.Reconciliation between ex-combatants and receiving communities is the backbone of the reintegration process. Any reconciliation initiative needs to make sure that the dignity and safety of victims, especially survivors of sexual and gender-based vio- lence, is respected. Furthermore, it must be remembered that conceptions of transitional justice and reconciliation differ in each context. DDR practitioners should therefore explore and consider cultural traditions and indigenous practices that may be effectively used to begin reconciliation processes. Ceremonies that involve a public confrontation between victim and perpetrator should be avoided as they can lead to further trauma and stigmatization.In addition to focused \u2018reconciliation activities\u2019, reintegration programmes should aim to mainstream and encourage reconciliation in all components of reintegration. To achieve this, DDR programmes should benefit the community as a whole and should offer specifically-designed assistance to other war-affected groups (see section 6.2. on commu- nity-based reintegration).Working together in mixed groups of returning combatants, IDPs, refugees, and com- munity members, especially on economically productive activities such as agricultural cooperatives, group micro credit schemes, and labour-intensive community infrastruc- ture rehabilitation, can reduce negative stereotypes and build trust. DDR programmes should also identify \u2013 together with other reintegration and recovery programmes \u2013 ways of supporting reconciliation, peacebuilding and reparation initiatives and mechanisms.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":884, "Sentence":"Reconciliation should take place within war-affected communities if long-term security is to be firmly established.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reconciliation take place within waraffected community longterm security firmly established ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.2. Reconciliation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Reconciliation among all groups is perhaps the most fragile and significant process within a national peace-building strategy, and may include many parallel processes, such as transitional justice measures (i.e. reparations and truth commissions) (see Module 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice for more information).A key component of the reintegration is the process of reconciliation. Reconciliation should take place within war-affected communities if long-term security is to be firmly established. Ex-combatants, associated groups and their dependants are one of several groups, including refugees and the internally displaced, who are returning and reinte- grating into post-conflict communities. These groups, and the community itself, have each had different experiences of the conflict and may require different strategies and assis- tance to rebuild their lives and social networks.Reconciliation between ex-combatants and receiving communities is the backbone of the reintegration process. Any reconciliation initiative needs to make sure that the dignity and safety of victims, especially survivors of sexual and gender-based vio- lence, is respected. Furthermore, it must be remembered that conceptions of transitional justice and reconciliation differ in each context. DDR practitioners should therefore explore and consider cultural traditions and indigenous practices that may be effectively used to begin reconciliation processes. Ceremonies that involve a public confrontation between victim and perpetrator should be avoided as they can lead to further trauma and stigmatization.In addition to focused \u2018reconciliation activities\u2019, reintegration programmes should aim to mainstream and encourage reconciliation in all components of reintegration. To achieve this, DDR programmes should benefit the community as a whole and should offer specifically-designed assistance to other war-affected groups (see section 6.2. on commu- nity-based reintegration).Working together in mixed groups of returning combatants, IDPs, refugees, and com- munity members, especially on economically productive activities such as agricultural cooperatives, group micro credit schemes, and labour-intensive community infrastruc- ture rehabilitation, can reduce negative stereotypes and build trust. DDR programmes should also identify \u2013 together with other reintegration and recovery programmes \u2013 ways of supporting reconciliation, peacebuilding and reparation initiatives and mechanisms.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":884, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants, associated groups and their dependants are one of several groups, including refugees and the internally displaced, who are returning and reinte- grating into post-conflict communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration excombatants associated group dependant one several group including refugee internally displaced returning reinte grating postconflict community ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.2. Reconciliation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Reconciliation among all groups is perhaps the most fragile and significant process within a national peace-building strategy, and may include many parallel processes, such as transitional justice measures (i.e. reparations and truth commissions) (see Module 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice for more information).A key component of the reintegration is the process of reconciliation. Reconciliation should take place within war-affected communities if long-term security is to be firmly established. Ex-combatants, associated groups and their dependants are one of several groups, including refugees and the internally displaced, who are returning and reinte- grating into post-conflict communities. These groups, and the community itself, have each had different experiences of the conflict and may require different strategies and assis- tance to rebuild their lives and social networks.Reconciliation between ex-combatants and receiving communities is the backbone of the reintegration process. Any reconciliation initiative needs to make sure that the dignity and safety of victims, especially survivors of sexual and gender-based vio- lence, is respected. Furthermore, it must be remembered that conceptions of transitional justice and reconciliation differ in each context. DDR practitioners should therefore explore and consider cultural traditions and indigenous practices that may be effectively used to begin reconciliation processes. Ceremonies that involve a public confrontation between victim and perpetrator should be avoided as they can lead to further trauma and stigmatization.In addition to focused \u2018reconciliation activities\u2019, reintegration programmes should aim to mainstream and encourage reconciliation in all components of reintegration. To achieve this, DDR programmes should benefit the community as a whole and should offer specifically-designed assistance to other war-affected groups (see section 6.2. on commu- nity-based reintegration).Working together in mixed groups of returning combatants, IDPs, refugees, and com- munity members, especially on economically productive activities such as agricultural cooperatives, group micro credit schemes, and labour-intensive community infrastruc- ture rehabilitation, can reduce negative stereotypes and build trust. DDR programmes should also identify \u2013 together with other reintegration and recovery programmes \u2013 ways of supporting reconciliation, peacebuilding and reparation initiatives and mechanisms.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":884, "Sentence":"These groups, and the community itself, have each had different experiences of the conflict and may require different strategies and assis- tance to rebuild their lives and social networks.Reconciliation between ex-combatants and receiving communities is the backbone of the reintegration process.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration group community different experience conflict may require different strategy assis tance rebuild life social networks.reconciliation excombatants receiving community backbone reintegration process ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.2. Reconciliation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Reconciliation among all groups is perhaps the most fragile and significant process within a national peace-building strategy, and may include many parallel processes, such as transitional justice measures (i.e. reparations and truth commissions) (see Module 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice for more information).A key component of the reintegration is the process of reconciliation. Reconciliation should take place within war-affected communities if long-term security is to be firmly established. Ex-combatants, associated groups and their dependants are one of several groups, including refugees and the internally displaced, who are returning and reinte- grating into post-conflict communities. These groups, and the community itself, have each had different experiences of the conflict and may require different strategies and assis- tance to rebuild their lives and social networks.Reconciliation between ex-combatants and receiving communities is the backbone of the reintegration process. Any reconciliation initiative needs to make sure that the dignity and safety of victims, especially survivors of sexual and gender-based vio- lence, is respected. Furthermore, it must be remembered that conceptions of transitional justice and reconciliation differ in each context. DDR practitioners should therefore explore and consider cultural traditions and indigenous practices that may be effectively used to begin reconciliation processes. Ceremonies that involve a public confrontation between victim and perpetrator should be avoided as they can lead to further trauma and stigmatization.In addition to focused \u2018reconciliation activities\u2019, reintegration programmes should aim to mainstream and encourage reconciliation in all components of reintegration. To achieve this, DDR programmes should benefit the community as a whole and should offer specifically-designed assistance to other war-affected groups (see section 6.2. on commu- nity-based reintegration).Working together in mixed groups of returning combatants, IDPs, refugees, and com- munity members, especially on economically productive activities such as agricultural cooperatives, group micro credit schemes, and labour-intensive community infrastruc- ture rehabilitation, can reduce negative stereotypes and build trust. DDR programmes should also identify \u2013 together with other reintegration and recovery programmes \u2013 ways of supporting reconciliation, peacebuilding and reparation initiatives and mechanisms.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":884, "Sentence":"Any reconciliation initiative needs to make sure that the dignity and safety of victims, especially survivors of sexual and gender-based vio- lence, is respected.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reconciliation initiative need make sure dignity safety victim especially survivor sexual genderbased vio lence respected ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.2. Reconciliation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Reconciliation among all groups is perhaps the most fragile and significant process within a national peace-building strategy, and may include many parallel processes, such as transitional justice measures (i.e. reparations and truth commissions) (see Module 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice for more information).A key component of the reintegration is the process of reconciliation. Reconciliation should take place within war-affected communities if long-term security is to be firmly established. Ex-combatants, associated groups and their dependants are one of several groups, including refugees and the internally displaced, who are returning and reinte- grating into post-conflict communities. These groups, and the community itself, have each had different experiences of the conflict and may require different strategies and assis- tance to rebuild their lives and social networks.Reconciliation between ex-combatants and receiving communities is the backbone of the reintegration process. Any reconciliation initiative needs to make sure that the dignity and safety of victims, especially survivors of sexual and gender-based vio- lence, is respected. Furthermore, it must be remembered that conceptions of transitional justice and reconciliation differ in each context. DDR practitioners should therefore explore and consider cultural traditions and indigenous practices that may be effectively used to begin reconciliation processes. Ceremonies that involve a public confrontation between victim and perpetrator should be avoided as they can lead to further trauma and stigmatization.In addition to focused \u2018reconciliation activities\u2019, reintegration programmes should aim to mainstream and encourage reconciliation in all components of reintegration. To achieve this, DDR programmes should benefit the community as a whole and should offer specifically-designed assistance to other war-affected groups (see section 6.2. on commu- nity-based reintegration).Working together in mixed groups of returning combatants, IDPs, refugees, and com- munity members, especially on economically productive activities such as agricultural cooperatives, group micro credit schemes, and labour-intensive community infrastruc- ture rehabilitation, can reduce negative stereotypes and build trust. DDR programmes should also identify \u2013 together with other reintegration and recovery programmes \u2013 ways of supporting reconciliation, peacebuilding and reparation initiatives and mechanisms.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":884, "Sentence":"Furthermore, it must be remembered that conceptions of transitional justice and reconciliation differ in each context.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration furthermore must remembered conception transitional justice reconciliation differ context ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.2. Reconciliation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Reconciliation among all groups is perhaps the most fragile and significant process within a national peace-building strategy, and may include many parallel processes, such as transitional justice measures (i.e. reparations and truth commissions) (see Module 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice for more information).A key component of the reintegration is the process of reconciliation. Reconciliation should take place within war-affected communities if long-term security is to be firmly established. Ex-combatants, associated groups and their dependants are one of several groups, including refugees and the internally displaced, who are returning and reinte- grating into post-conflict communities. These groups, and the community itself, have each had different experiences of the conflict and may require different strategies and assis- tance to rebuild their lives and social networks.Reconciliation between ex-combatants and receiving communities is the backbone of the reintegration process. Any reconciliation initiative needs to make sure that the dignity and safety of victims, especially survivors of sexual and gender-based vio- lence, is respected. Furthermore, it must be remembered that conceptions of transitional justice and reconciliation differ in each context. DDR practitioners should therefore explore and consider cultural traditions and indigenous practices that may be effectively used to begin reconciliation processes. Ceremonies that involve a public confrontation between victim and perpetrator should be avoided as they can lead to further trauma and stigmatization.In addition to focused \u2018reconciliation activities\u2019, reintegration programmes should aim to mainstream and encourage reconciliation in all components of reintegration. To achieve this, DDR programmes should benefit the community as a whole and should offer specifically-designed assistance to other war-affected groups (see section 6.2. on commu- nity-based reintegration).Working together in mixed groups of returning combatants, IDPs, refugees, and com- munity members, especially on economically productive activities such as agricultural cooperatives, group micro credit schemes, and labour-intensive community infrastruc- ture rehabilitation, can reduce negative stereotypes and build trust. DDR programmes should also identify \u2013 together with other reintegration and recovery programmes \u2013 ways of supporting reconciliation, peacebuilding and reparation initiatives and mechanisms.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":884, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should therefore explore and consider cultural traditions and indigenous practices that may be effectively used to begin reconciliation processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ddr practitioner therefore explore consider cultural tradition indigenous practice may effectively used begin reconciliation process ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.2. Reconciliation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Reconciliation among all groups is perhaps the most fragile and significant process within a national peace-building strategy, and may include many parallel processes, such as transitional justice measures (i.e. reparations and truth commissions) (see Module 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice for more information).A key component of the reintegration is the process of reconciliation. Reconciliation should take place within war-affected communities if long-term security is to be firmly established. Ex-combatants, associated groups and their dependants are one of several groups, including refugees and the internally displaced, who are returning and reinte- grating into post-conflict communities. These groups, and the community itself, have each had different experiences of the conflict and may require different strategies and assis- tance to rebuild their lives and social networks.Reconciliation between ex-combatants and receiving communities is the backbone of the reintegration process. Any reconciliation initiative needs to make sure that the dignity and safety of victims, especially survivors of sexual and gender-based vio- lence, is respected. Furthermore, it must be remembered that conceptions of transitional justice and reconciliation differ in each context. DDR practitioners should therefore explore and consider cultural traditions and indigenous practices that may be effectively used to begin reconciliation processes. Ceremonies that involve a public confrontation between victim and perpetrator should be avoided as they can lead to further trauma and stigmatization.In addition to focused \u2018reconciliation activities\u2019, reintegration programmes should aim to mainstream and encourage reconciliation in all components of reintegration. To achieve this, DDR programmes should benefit the community as a whole and should offer specifically-designed assistance to other war-affected groups (see section 6.2. on commu- nity-based reintegration).Working together in mixed groups of returning combatants, IDPs, refugees, and com- munity members, especially on economically productive activities such as agricultural cooperatives, group micro credit schemes, and labour-intensive community infrastruc- ture rehabilitation, can reduce negative stereotypes and build trust. DDR programmes should also identify \u2013 together with other reintegration and recovery programmes \u2013 ways of supporting reconciliation, peacebuilding and reparation initiatives and mechanisms.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":884, "Sentence":"Ceremonies that involve a public confrontation between victim and perpetrator should be avoided as they can lead to further trauma and stigmatization.In addition to focused \u2018reconciliation activities\u2019, reintegration programmes should aim to mainstream and encourage reconciliation in all components of reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ceremony involve public confrontation victim perpetrator avoided lead trauma stigmatization.in addition focused \u2018 reconciliation activity \u2019 reintegration programme aim mainstream encourage reconciliation component reintegration ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.2. Reconciliation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Reconciliation among all groups is perhaps the most fragile and significant process within a national peace-building strategy, and may include many parallel processes, such as transitional justice measures (i.e. reparations and truth commissions) (see Module 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice for more information).A key component of the reintegration is the process of reconciliation. Reconciliation should take place within war-affected communities if long-term security is to be firmly established. Ex-combatants, associated groups and their dependants are one of several groups, including refugees and the internally displaced, who are returning and reinte- grating into post-conflict communities. These groups, and the community itself, have each had different experiences of the conflict and may require different strategies and assis- tance to rebuild their lives and social networks.Reconciliation between ex-combatants and receiving communities is the backbone of the reintegration process. Any reconciliation initiative needs to make sure that the dignity and safety of victims, especially survivors of sexual and gender-based vio- lence, is respected. Furthermore, it must be remembered that conceptions of transitional justice and reconciliation differ in each context. DDR practitioners should therefore explore and consider cultural traditions and indigenous practices that may be effectively used to begin reconciliation processes. Ceremonies that involve a public confrontation between victim and perpetrator should be avoided as they can lead to further trauma and stigmatization.In addition to focused \u2018reconciliation activities\u2019, reintegration programmes should aim to mainstream and encourage reconciliation in all components of reintegration. To achieve this, DDR programmes should benefit the community as a whole and should offer specifically-designed assistance to other war-affected groups (see section 6.2. on commu- nity-based reintegration).Working together in mixed groups of returning combatants, IDPs, refugees, and com- munity members, especially on economically productive activities such as agricultural cooperatives, group micro credit schemes, and labour-intensive community infrastruc- ture rehabilitation, can reduce negative stereotypes and build trust. DDR programmes should also identify \u2013 together with other reintegration and recovery programmes \u2013 ways of supporting reconciliation, peacebuilding and reparation initiatives and mechanisms.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":884, "Sentence":"To achieve this, DDR programmes should benefit the community as a whole and should offer specifically-designed assistance to other war-affected groups (see section 6.2. on commu- nity-based reintegration).Working together in mixed groups of returning combatants, IDPs, refugees, and com- munity members, especially on economically productive activities such as agricultural cooperatives, group micro credit schemes, and labour-intensive community infrastruc- ture rehabilitation, can reduce negative stereotypes and build trust.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration achieve ddr programme benefit community whole offer specificallydesigned assistance waraffected group see section 6.2. commu nitybased reintegration.working together mixed group returning combatant idp refugee com munity member especially economically productive activity agricultural cooperative group micro credit scheme labourintensive community infrastruc ture rehabilitation reduce negative stereotype build trust ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.2. Reconciliation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"Reconciliation among all groups is perhaps the most fragile and significant process within a national peace-building strategy, and may include many parallel processes, such as transitional justice measures (i.e. reparations and truth commissions) (see Module 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice for more information).A key component of the reintegration is the process of reconciliation. Reconciliation should take place within war-affected communities if long-term security is to be firmly established. Ex-combatants, associated groups and their dependants are one of several groups, including refugees and the internally displaced, who are returning and reinte- grating into post-conflict communities. These groups, and the community itself, have each had different experiences of the conflict and may require different strategies and assis- tance to rebuild their lives and social networks.Reconciliation between ex-combatants and receiving communities is the backbone of the reintegration process. Any reconciliation initiative needs to make sure that the dignity and safety of victims, especially survivors of sexual and gender-based vio- lence, is respected. Furthermore, it must be remembered that conceptions of transitional justice and reconciliation differ in each context. DDR practitioners should therefore explore and consider cultural traditions and indigenous practices that may be effectively used to begin reconciliation processes. Ceremonies that involve a public confrontation between victim and perpetrator should be avoided as they can lead to further trauma and stigmatization.In addition to focused \u2018reconciliation activities\u2019, reintegration programmes should aim to mainstream and encourage reconciliation in all components of reintegration. To achieve this, DDR programmes should benefit the community as a whole and should offer specifically-designed assistance to other war-affected groups (see section 6.2. on commu- nity-based reintegration).Working together in mixed groups of returning combatants, IDPs, refugees, and com- munity members, especially on economically productive activities such as agricultural cooperatives, group micro credit schemes, and labour-intensive community infrastruc- ture rehabilitation, can reduce negative stereotypes and build trust. DDR programmes should also identify \u2013 together with other reintegration and recovery programmes \u2013 ways of supporting reconciliation, peacebuilding and reparation initiatives and mechanisms.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":884, "Sentence":"DDR programmes should also identify \u2013 together with other reintegration and recovery programmes \u2013 ways of supporting reconciliation, peacebuilding and reparation initiatives and mechanisms.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ddr programme also identify \u2013 together reintegration recovery programme \u2013 way supporting reconciliation peacebuilding reparation initiative mechanism ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.3. Strengthening social capital and social acceptance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration of ex-combatants is a complex process that depends on a myriad of factors, including satisfying the complex expectations of receiving communities. It is the interplay of a community\u2019s physical and social capital and an ex-combatant\u2019s financial and human capital that determines the ease and success of reintegration.The acceptance of ex-combatants by community members is essential, but relations between ex-combatants and other community members are usually anything but \u2018nor- mal\u2019 at the end of a conflict. Ex-combatants often reintegrate into extremely difficult social environments where they might be seen as additional burdens to communities rather than assets. In some cases, communities may have perceptions that returning combat- ants are HIV positive, regardless of actual HIV status, resulting in discrimination against and stigmatization of returnees and inhibiting effective reintegration. The success of any DDR programme and the effective reintegration of former combatants therefore depend on the extent to which ex-combatants can become (and be perceived as) positive agents for change in receptor communities.The importance of providing civilian life skills training to ex-combatants will prove vital to strengthening their social capital and jumpstarting their integration into com- munities. Ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence may face difficulties when trying to negotiate everyday situations in the public and private spheres. Those who have been out of their communities for an extended period of time, and who may have committed extreme acts of violence, might feel disconnected from the human compo- nents of home and community life. Reintegration programme managers should therefore regard the provision of civilian life skills as a necessity, not a luxury. Life skills include understanding gender identities and roles, non-violent ways of resolving conflict, and non-violent civilian and social behaviours (such as good parenting skills). See section 9.4.1. for more information on life skills.Public information and sentitization campaigns can also be an extremely effective mech- anism for facilitating social reintegration, including utilizing media to address issues such as returnees, their dependants, stigma, peacebuilding, reconciliation\/co-habitation, and socialization to violence. Reintegration programme planners should carry out public information and sensitization campaigns to ensure a broad understanding among stake- holders that DDR is not about rewarding ex-combatants, but rather about turning them into valuable assets to rebuild their communities and ensure that security and peace pre- vail. In order to combat discrimination against returning combatants due to perceived HIV status, HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization and continue during the reintegration process. The same applies for female ex-combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups who in many cases expe- rienced sexual and gender-based violence, and risk stigmatization and social exclusion. See Module 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":885, "Sentence":"Successful reintegration of ex-combatants is a complex process that depends on a myriad of factors, including satisfying the complex expectations of receiving communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration successful reintegration excombatants complex process depends myriad factor including satisfying complex expectation receiving community ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.3. Strengthening social capital and social acceptance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration of ex-combatants is a complex process that depends on a myriad of factors, including satisfying the complex expectations of receiving communities. It is the interplay of a community\u2019s physical and social capital and an ex-combatant\u2019s financial and human capital that determines the ease and success of reintegration.The acceptance of ex-combatants by community members is essential, but relations between ex-combatants and other community members are usually anything but \u2018nor- mal\u2019 at the end of a conflict. Ex-combatants often reintegrate into extremely difficult social environments where they might be seen as additional burdens to communities rather than assets. In some cases, communities may have perceptions that returning combat- ants are HIV positive, regardless of actual HIV status, resulting in discrimination against and stigmatization of returnees and inhibiting effective reintegration. The success of any DDR programme and the effective reintegration of former combatants therefore depend on the extent to which ex-combatants can become (and be perceived as) positive agents for change in receptor communities.The importance of providing civilian life skills training to ex-combatants will prove vital to strengthening their social capital and jumpstarting their integration into com- munities. Ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence may face difficulties when trying to negotiate everyday situations in the public and private spheres. Those who have been out of their communities for an extended period of time, and who may have committed extreme acts of violence, might feel disconnected from the human compo- nents of home and community life. Reintegration programme managers should therefore regard the provision of civilian life skills as a necessity, not a luxury. Life skills include understanding gender identities and roles, non-violent ways of resolving conflict, and non-violent civilian and social behaviours (such as good parenting skills). See section 9.4.1. for more information on life skills.Public information and sentitization campaigns can also be an extremely effective mech- anism for facilitating social reintegration, including utilizing media to address issues such as returnees, their dependants, stigma, peacebuilding, reconciliation\/co-habitation, and socialization to violence. Reintegration programme planners should carry out public information and sensitization campaigns to ensure a broad understanding among stake- holders that DDR is not about rewarding ex-combatants, but rather about turning them into valuable assets to rebuild their communities and ensure that security and peace pre- vail. In order to combat discrimination against returning combatants due to perceived HIV status, HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization and continue during the reintegration process. The same applies for female ex-combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups who in many cases expe- rienced sexual and gender-based violence, and risk stigmatization and social exclusion. See Module 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":885, "Sentence":"It is the interplay of a community\u2019s physical and social capital and an ex-combatant\u2019s financial and human capital that determines the ease and success of reintegration.The acceptance of ex-combatants by community members is essential, but relations between ex-combatants and other community members are usually anything but \u2018nor- mal\u2019 at the end of a conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration interplay community \u2019 physical social capital excombatant \u2019 financial human capital determines ease success reintegration.the acceptance excombatants community member essential relation excombatants community member usually anything \u2018 mal \u2019 end conflict ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.3. Strengthening social capital and social acceptance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration of ex-combatants is a complex process that depends on a myriad of factors, including satisfying the complex expectations of receiving communities. It is the interplay of a community\u2019s physical and social capital and an ex-combatant\u2019s financial and human capital that determines the ease and success of reintegration.The acceptance of ex-combatants by community members is essential, but relations between ex-combatants and other community members are usually anything but \u2018nor- mal\u2019 at the end of a conflict. Ex-combatants often reintegrate into extremely difficult social environments where they might be seen as additional burdens to communities rather than assets. In some cases, communities may have perceptions that returning combat- ants are HIV positive, regardless of actual HIV status, resulting in discrimination against and stigmatization of returnees and inhibiting effective reintegration. The success of any DDR programme and the effective reintegration of former combatants therefore depend on the extent to which ex-combatants can become (and be perceived as) positive agents for change in receptor communities.The importance of providing civilian life skills training to ex-combatants will prove vital to strengthening their social capital and jumpstarting their integration into com- munities. Ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence may face difficulties when trying to negotiate everyday situations in the public and private spheres. Those who have been out of their communities for an extended period of time, and who may have committed extreme acts of violence, might feel disconnected from the human compo- nents of home and community life. Reintegration programme managers should therefore regard the provision of civilian life skills as a necessity, not a luxury. Life skills include understanding gender identities and roles, non-violent ways of resolving conflict, and non-violent civilian and social behaviours (such as good parenting skills). See section 9.4.1. for more information on life skills.Public information and sentitization campaigns can also be an extremely effective mech- anism for facilitating social reintegration, including utilizing media to address issues such as returnees, their dependants, stigma, peacebuilding, reconciliation\/co-habitation, and socialization to violence. Reintegration programme planners should carry out public information and sensitization campaigns to ensure a broad understanding among stake- holders that DDR is not about rewarding ex-combatants, but rather about turning them into valuable assets to rebuild their communities and ensure that security and peace pre- vail. In order to combat discrimination against returning combatants due to perceived HIV status, HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization and continue during the reintegration process. The same applies for female ex-combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups who in many cases expe- rienced sexual and gender-based violence, and risk stigmatization and social exclusion. See Module 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":885, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants often reintegrate into extremely difficult social environments where they might be seen as additional burdens to communities rather than assets.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration excombatants often reintegrate extremely difficult social environment might seen additional burden community rather asset ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.3. Strengthening social capital and social acceptance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration of ex-combatants is a complex process that depends on a myriad of factors, including satisfying the complex expectations of receiving communities. It is the interplay of a community\u2019s physical and social capital and an ex-combatant\u2019s financial and human capital that determines the ease and success of reintegration.The acceptance of ex-combatants by community members is essential, but relations between ex-combatants and other community members are usually anything but \u2018nor- mal\u2019 at the end of a conflict. Ex-combatants often reintegrate into extremely difficult social environments where they might be seen as additional burdens to communities rather than assets. In some cases, communities may have perceptions that returning combat- ants are HIV positive, regardless of actual HIV status, resulting in discrimination against and stigmatization of returnees and inhibiting effective reintegration. The success of any DDR programme and the effective reintegration of former combatants therefore depend on the extent to which ex-combatants can become (and be perceived as) positive agents for change in receptor communities.The importance of providing civilian life skills training to ex-combatants will prove vital to strengthening their social capital and jumpstarting their integration into com- munities. Ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence may face difficulties when trying to negotiate everyday situations in the public and private spheres. Those who have been out of their communities for an extended period of time, and who may have committed extreme acts of violence, might feel disconnected from the human compo- nents of home and community life. Reintegration programme managers should therefore regard the provision of civilian life skills as a necessity, not a luxury. Life skills include understanding gender identities and roles, non-violent ways of resolving conflict, and non-violent civilian and social behaviours (such as good parenting skills). See section 9.4.1. for more information on life skills.Public information and sentitization campaigns can also be an extremely effective mech- anism for facilitating social reintegration, including utilizing media to address issues such as returnees, their dependants, stigma, peacebuilding, reconciliation\/co-habitation, and socialization to violence. Reintegration programme planners should carry out public information and sensitization campaigns to ensure a broad understanding among stake- holders that DDR is not about rewarding ex-combatants, but rather about turning them into valuable assets to rebuild their communities and ensure that security and peace pre- vail. In order to combat discrimination against returning combatants due to perceived HIV status, HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization and continue during the reintegration process. The same applies for female ex-combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups who in many cases expe- rienced sexual and gender-based violence, and risk stigmatization and social exclusion. See Module 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":885, "Sentence":"In some cases, communities may have perceptions that returning combat- ants are HIV positive, regardless of actual HIV status, resulting in discrimination against and stigmatization of returnees and inhibiting effective reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration case community may perception returning combat ant hiv positive regardless actual hiv status resulting discrimination stigmatization returnees inhibiting effective reintegration ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.3. Strengthening social capital and social acceptance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration of ex-combatants is a complex process that depends on a myriad of factors, including satisfying the complex expectations of receiving communities. It is the interplay of a community\u2019s physical and social capital and an ex-combatant\u2019s financial and human capital that determines the ease and success of reintegration.The acceptance of ex-combatants by community members is essential, but relations between ex-combatants and other community members are usually anything but \u2018nor- mal\u2019 at the end of a conflict. Ex-combatants often reintegrate into extremely difficult social environments where they might be seen as additional burdens to communities rather than assets. In some cases, communities may have perceptions that returning combat- ants are HIV positive, regardless of actual HIV status, resulting in discrimination against and stigmatization of returnees and inhibiting effective reintegration. The success of any DDR programme and the effective reintegration of former combatants therefore depend on the extent to which ex-combatants can become (and be perceived as) positive agents for change in receptor communities.The importance of providing civilian life skills training to ex-combatants will prove vital to strengthening their social capital and jumpstarting their integration into com- munities. Ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence may face difficulties when trying to negotiate everyday situations in the public and private spheres. Those who have been out of their communities for an extended period of time, and who may have committed extreme acts of violence, might feel disconnected from the human compo- nents of home and community life. Reintegration programme managers should therefore regard the provision of civilian life skills as a necessity, not a luxury. Life skills include understanding gender identities and roles, non-violent ways of resolving conflict, and non-violent civilian and social behaviours (such as good parenting skills). See section 9.4.1. for more information on life skills.Public information and sentitization campaigns can also be an extremely effective mech- anism for facilitating social reintegration, including utilizing media to address issues such as returnees, their dependants, stigma, peacebuilding, reconciliation\/co-habitation, and socialization to violence. Reintegration programme planners should carry out public information and sensitization campaigns to ensure a broad understanding among stake- holders that DDR is not about rewarding ex-combatants, but rather about turning them into valuable assets to rebuild their communities and ensure that security and peace pre- vail. In order to combat discrimination against returning combatants due to perceived HIV status, HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization and continue during the reintegration process. The same applies for female ex-combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups who in many cases expe- rienced sexual and gender-based violence, and risk stigmatization and social exclusion. See Module 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":885, "Sentence":"The success of any DDR programme and the effective reintegration of former combatants therefore depend on the extent to which ex-combatants can become (and be perceived as) positive agents for change in receptor communities.The importance of providing civilian life skills training to ex-combatants will prove vital to strengthening their social capital and jumpstarting their integration into com- munities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration success ddr programme effective reintegration former combatant therefore depend extent excombatants become perceived positive agent change receptor communities.the importance providing civilian life skill training excombatants prove vital strengthening social capital jumpstarting integration com munities ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.3. Strengthening social capital and social acceptance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration of ex-combatants is a complex process that depends on a myriad of factors, including satisfying the complex expectations of receiving communities. It is the interplay of a community\u2019s physical and social capital and an ex-combatant\u2019s financial and human capital that determines the ease and success of reintegration.The acceptance of ex-combatants by community members is essential, but relations between ex-combatants and other community members are usually anything but \u2018nor- mal\u2019 at the end of a conflict. Ex-combatants often reintegrate into extremely difficult social environments where they might be seen as additional burdens to communities rather than assets. In some cases, communities may have perceptions that returning combat- ants are HIV positive, regardless of actual HIV status, resulting in discrimination against and stigmatization of returnees and inhibiting effective reintegration. The success of any DDR programme and the effective reintegration of former combatants therefore depend on the extent to which ex-combatants can become (and be perceived as) positive agents for change in receptor communities.The importance of providing civilian life skills training to ex-combatants will prove vital to strengthening their social capital and jumpstarting their integration into com- munities. Ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence may face difficulties when trying to negotiate everyday situations in the public and private spheres. Those who have been out of their communities for an extended period of time, and who may have committed extreme acts of violence, might feel disconnected from the human compo- nents of home and community life. Reintegration programme managers should therefore regard the provision of civilian life skills as a necessity, not a luxury. Life skills include understanding gender identities and roles, non-violent ways of resolving conflict, and non-violent civilian and social behaviours (such as good parenting skills). See section 9.4.1. for more information on life skills.Public information and sentitization campaigns can also be an extremely effective mech- anism for facilitating social reintegration, including utilizing media to address issues such as returnees, their dependants, stigma, peacebuilding, reconciliation\/co-habitation, and socialization to violence. Reintegration programme planners should carry out public information and sensitization campaigns to ensure a broad understanding among stake- holders that DDR is not about rewarding ex-combatants, but rather about turning them into valuable assets to rebuild their communities and ensure that security and peace pre- vail. In order to combat discrimination against returning combatants due to perceived HIV status, HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization and continue during the reintegration process. The same applies for female ex-combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups who in many cases expe- rienced sexual and gender-based violence, and risk stigmatization and social exclusion. See Module 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":885, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence may face difficulties when trying to negotiate everyday situations in the public and private spheres.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration excombatants socialized use violence may face difficulty trying negotiate everyday situation public private sphere ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.3. Strengthening social capital and social acceptance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration of ex-combatants is a complex process that depends on a myriad of factors, including satisfying the complex expectations of receiving communities. It is the interplay of a community\u2019s physical and social capital and an ex-combatant\u2019s financial and human capital that determines the ease and success of reintegration.The acceptance of ex-combatants by community members is essential, but relations between ex-combatants and other community members are usually anything but \u2018nor- mal\u2019 at the end of a conflict. Ex-combatants often reintegrate into extremely difficult social environments where they might be seen as additional burdens to communities rather than assets. In some cases, communities may have perceptions that returning combat- ants are HIV positive, regardless of actual HIV status, resulting in discrimination against and stigmatization of returnees and inhibiting effective reintegration. The success of any DDR programme and the effective reintegration of former combatants therefore depend on the extent to which ex-combatants can become (and be perceived as) positive agents for change in receptor communities.The importance of providing civilian life skills training to ex-combatants will prove vital to strengthening their social capital and jumpstarting their integration into com- munities. Ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence may face difficulties when trying to negotiate everyday situations in the public and private spheres. Those who have been out of their communities for an extended period of time, and who may have committed extreme acts of violence, might feel disconnected from the human compo- nents of home and community life. Reintegration programme managers should therefore regard the provision of civilian life skills as a necessity, not a luxury. Life skills include understanding gender identities and roles, non-violent ways of resolving conflict, and non-violent civilian and social behaviours (such as good parenting skills). See section 9.4.1. for more information on life skills.Public information and sentitization campaigns can also be an extremely effective mech- anism for facilitating social reintegration, including utilizing media to address issues such as returnees, their dependants, stigma, peacebuilding, reconciliation\/co-habitation, and socialization to violence. Reintegration programme planners should carry out public information and sensitization campaigns to ensure a broad understanding among stake- holders that DDR is not about rewarding ex-combatants, but rather about turning them into valuable assets to rebuild their communities and ensure that security and peace pre- vail. In order to combat discrimination against returning combatants due to perceived HIV status, HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization and continue during the reintegration process. The same applies for female ex-combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups who in many cases expe- rienced sexual and gender-based violence, and risk stigmatization and social exclusion. See Module 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":885, "Sentence":"Those who have been out of their communities for an extended period of time, and who may have committed extreme acts of violence, might feel disconnected from the human compo- nents of home and community life.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration community extended period time may committed extreme act violence might feel disconnected human compo nents home community life ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.3. Strengthening social capital and social acceptance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration of ex-combatants is a complex process that depends on a myriad of factors, including satisfying the complex expectations of receiving communities. It is the interplay of a community\u2019s physical and social capital and an ex-combatant\u2019s financial and human capital that determines the ease and success of reintegration.The acceptance of ex-combatants by community members is essential, but relations between ex-combatants and other community members are usually anything but \u2018nor- mal\u2019 at the end of a conflict. Ex-combatants often reintegrate into extremely difficult social environments where they might be seen as additional burdens to communities rather than assets. In some cases, communities may have perceptions that returning combat- ants are HIV positive, regardless of actual HIV status, resulting in discrimination against and stigmatization of returnees and inhibiting effective reintegration. The success of any DDR programme and the effective reintegration of former combatants therefore depend on the extent to which ex-combatants can become (and be perceived as) positive agents for change in receptor communities.The importance of providing civilian life skills training to ex-combatants will prove vital to strengthening their social capital and jumpstarting their integration into com- munities. Ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence may face difficulties when trying to negotiate everyday situations in the public and private spheres. Those who have been out of their communities for an extended period of time, and who may have committed extreme acts of violence, might feel disconnected from the human compo- nents of home and community life. Reintegration programme managers should therefore regard the provision of civilian life skills as a necessity, not a luxury. Life skills include understanding gender identities and roles, non-violent ways of resolving conflict, and non-violent civilian and social behaviours (such as good parenting skills). See section 9.4.1. for more information on life skills.Public information and sentitization campaigns can also be an extremely effective mech- anism for facilitating social reintegration, including utilizing media to address issues such as returnees, their dependants, stigma, peacebuilding, reconciliation\/co-habitation, and socialization to violence. Reintegration programme planners should carry out public information and sensitization campaigns to ensure a broad understanding among stake- holders that DDR is not about rewarding ex-combatants, but rather about turning them into valuable assets to rebuild their communities and ensure that security and peace pre- vail. In order to combat discrimination against returning combatants due to perceived HIV status, HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization and continue during the reintegration process. The same applies for female ex-combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups who in many cases expe- rienced sexual and gender-based violence, and risk stigmatization and social exclusion. See Module 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":885, "Sentence":"Reintegration programme managers should therefore regard the provision of civilian life skills as a necessity, not a luxury.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration programme manager therefore regard provision civilian life skill necessity luxury ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.3. Strengthening social capital and social acceptance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration of ex-combatants is a complex process that depends on a myriad of factors, including satisfying the complex expectations of receiving communities. It is the interplay of a community\u2019s physical and social capital and an ex-combatant\u2019s financial and human capital that determines the ease and success of reintegration.The acceptance of ex-combatants by community members is essential, but relations between ex-combatants and other community members are usually anything but \u2018nor- mal\u2019 at the end of a conflict. Ex-combatants often reintegrate into extremely difficult social environments where they might be seen as additional burdens to communities rather than assets. In some cases, communities may have perceptions that returning combat- ants are HIV positive, regardless of actual HIV status, resulting in discrimination against and stigmatization of returnees and inhibiting effective reintegration. The success of any DDR programme and the effective reintegration of former combatants therefore depend on the extent to which ex-combatants can become (and be perceived as) positive agents for change in receptor communities.The importance of providing civilian life skills training to ex-combatants will prove vital to strengthening their social capital and jumpstarting their integration into com- munities. Ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence may face difficulties when trying to negotiate everyday situations in the public and private spheres. Those who have been out of their communities for an extended period of time, and who may have committed extreme acts of violence, might feel disconnected from the human compo- nents of home and community life. Reintegration programme managers should therefore regard the provision of civilian life skills as a necessity, not a luxury. Life skills include understanding gender identities and roles, non-violent ways of resolving conflict, and non-violent civilian and social behaviours (such as good parenting skills). See section 9.4.1. for more information on life skills.Public information and sentitization campaigns can also be an extremely effective mech- anism for facilitating social reintegration, including utilizing media to address issues such as returnees, their dependants, stigma, peacebuilding, reconciliation\/co-habitation, and socialization to violence. Reintegration programme planners should carry out public information and sensitization campaigns to ensure a broad understanding among stake- holders that DDR is not about rewarding ex-combatants, but rather about turning them into valuable assets to rebuild their communities and ensure that security and peace pre- vail. In order to combat discrimination against returning combatants due to perceived HIV status, HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization and continue during the reintegration process. The same applies for female ex-combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups who in many cases expe- rienced sexual and gender-based violence, and risk stigmatization and social exclusion. See Module 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":885, "Sentence":"Life skills include understanding gender identities and roles, non-violent ways of resolving conflict, and non-violent civilian and social behaviours (such as good parenting skills).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration life skill include understanding gender identity role nonviolent way resolving conflict nonviolent civilian social behaviour good parenting skill ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.3. Strengthening social capital and social acceptance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration of ex-combatants is a complex process that depends on a myriad of factors, including satisfying the complex expectations of receiving communities. It is the interplay of a community\u2019s physical and social capital and an ex-combatant\u2019s financial and human capital that determines the ease and success of reintegration.The acceptance of ex-combatants by community members is essential, but relations between ex-combatants and other community members are usually anything but \u2018nor- mal\u2019 at the end of a conflict. Ex-combatants often reintegrate into extremely difficult social environments where they might be seen as additional burdens to communities rather than assets. In some cases, communities may have perceptions that returning combat- ants are HIV positive, regardless of actual HIV status, resulting in discrimination against and stigmatization of returnees and inhibiting effective reintegration. The success of any DDR programme and the effective reintegration of former combatants therefore depend on the extent to which ex-combatants can become (and be perceived as) positive agents for change in receptor communities.The importance of providing civilian life skills training to ex-combatants will prove vital to strengthening their social capital and jumpstarting their integration into com- munities. Ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence may face difficulties when trying to negotiate everyday situations in the public and private spheres. Those who have been out of their communities for an extended period of time, and who may have committed extreme acts of violence, might feel disconnected from the human compo- nents of home and community life. Reintegration programme managers should therefore regard the provision of civilian life skills as a necessity, not a luxury. Life skills include understanding gender identities and roles, non-violent ways of resolving conflict, and non-violent civilian and social behaviours (such as good parenting skills). See section 9.4.1. for more information on life skills.Public information and sentitization campaigns can also be an extremely effective mech- anism for facilitating social reintegration, including utilizing media to address issues such as returnees, their dependants, stigma, peacebuilding, reconciliation\/co-habitation, and socialization to violence. Reintegration programme planners should carry out public information and sensitization campaigns to ensure a broad understanding among stake- holders that DDR is not about rewarding ex-combatants, but rather about turning them into valuable assets to rebuild their communities and ensure that security and peace pre- vail. In order to combat discrimination against returning combatants due to perceived HIV status, HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization and continue during the reintegration process. The same applies for female ex-combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups who in many cases expe- rienced sexual and gender-based violence, and risk stigmatization and social exclusion. See Module 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":885, "Sentence":"See section 9.4.1. for more information on life skills.Public information and sentitization campaigns can also be an extremely effective mech- anism for facilitating social reintegration, including utilizing media to address issues such as returnees, their dependants, stigma, peacebuilding, reconciliation\/co-habitation, and socialization to violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration see section 9.4.1. information life skills.public information sentitization campaign also extremely effective mech anism facilitating social reintegration including utilizing medium address issue returnees dependant stigma peacebuilding reconciliation\/cohabitation socialization violence ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.3. Strengthening social capital and social acceptance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration of ex-combatants is a complex process that depends on a myriad of factors, including satisfying the complex expectations of receiving communities. It is the interplay of a community\u2019s physical and social capital and an ex-combatant\u2019s financial and human capital that determines the ease and success of reintegration.The acceptance of ex-combatants by community members is essential, but relations between ex-combatants and other community members are usually anything but \u2018nor- mal\u2019 at the end of a conflict. Ex-combatants often reintegrate into extremely difficult social environments where they might be seen as additional burdens to communities rather than assets. In some cases, communities may have perceptions that returning combat- ants are HIV positive, regardless of actual HIV status, resulting in discrimination against and stigmatization of returnees and inhibiting effective reintegration. The success of any DDR programme and the effective reintegration of former combatants therefore depend on the extent to which ex-combatants can become (and be perceived as) positive agents for change in receptor communities.The importance of providing civilian life skills training to ex-combatants will prove vital to strengthening their social capital and jumpstarting their integration into com- munities. Ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence may face difficulties when trying to negotiate everyday situations in the public and private spheres. Those who have been out of their communities for an extended period of time, and who may have committed extreme acts of violence, might feel disconnected from the human compo- nents of home and community life. Reintegration programme managers should therefore regard the provision of civilian life skills as a necessity, not a luxury. Life skills include understanding gender identities and roles, non-violent ways of resolving conflict, and non-violent civilian and social behaviours (such as good parenting skills). See section 9.4.1. for more information on life skills.Public information and sentitization campaigns can also be an extremely effective mech- anism for facilitating social reintegration, including utilizing media to address issues such as returnees, their dependants, stigma, peacebuilding, reconciliation\/co-habitation, and socialization to violence. Reintegration programme planners should carry out public information and sensitization campaigns to ensure a broad understanding among stake- holders that DDR is not about rewarding ex-combatants, but rather about turning them into valuable assets to rebuild their communities and ensure that security and peace pre- vail. In order to combat discrimination against returning combatants due to perceived HIV status, HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization and continue during the reintegration process. The same applies for female ex-combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups who in many cases expe- rienced sexual and gender-based violence, and risk stigmatization and social exclusion. See Module 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":885, "Sentence":"Reintegration programme planners should carry out public information and sensitization campaigns to ensure a broad understanding among stake- holders that DDR is not about rewarding ex-combatants, but rather about turning them into valuable assets to rebuild their communities and ensure that security and peace pre- vail.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration programme planner carry public information sensitization campaign ensure broad understanding among stake holder ddr rewarding excombatants rather turning valuable asset rebuild community ensure security peace pre vail ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.3. Strengthening social capital and social acceptance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration of ex-combatants is a complex process that depends on a myriad of factors, including satisfying the complex expectations of receiving communities. It is the interplay of a community\u2019s physical and social capital and an ex-combatant\u2019s financial and human capital that determines the ease and success of reintegration.The acceptance of ex-combatants by community members is essential, but relations between ex-combatants and other community members are usually anything but \u2018nor- mal\u2019 at the end of a conflict. Ex-combatants often reintegrate into extremely difficult social environments where they might be seen as additional burdens to communities rather than assets. In some cases, communities may have perceptions that returning combat- ants are HIV positive, regardless of actual HIV status, resulting in discrimination against and stigmatization of returnees and inhibiting effective reintegration. The success of any DDR programme and the effective reintegration of former combatants therefore depend on the extent to which ex-combatants can become (and be perceived as) positive agents for change in receptor communities.The importance of providing civilian life skills training to ex-combatants will prove vital to strengthening their social capital and jumpstarting their integration into com- munities. Ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence may face difficulties when trying to negotiate everyday situations in the public and private spheres. Those who have been out of their communities for an extended period of time, and who may have committed extreme acts of violence, might feel disconnected from the human compo- nents of home and community life. Reintegration programme managers should therefore regard the provision of civilian life skills as a necessity, not a luxury. Life skills include understanding gender identities and roles, non-violent ways of resolving conflict, and non-violent civilian and social behaviours (such as good parenting skills). See section 9.4.1. for more information on life skills.Public information and sentitization campaigns can also be an extremely effective mech- anism for facilitating social reintegration, including utilizing media to address issues such as returnees, their dependants, stigma, peacebuilding, reconciliation\/co-habitation, and socialization to violence. Reintegration programme planners should carry out public information and sensitization campaigns to ensure a broad understanding among stake- holders that DDR is not about rewarding ex-combatants, but rather about turning them into valuable assets to rebuild their communities and ensure that security and peace pre- vail. In order to combat discrimination against returning combatants due to perceived HIV status, HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization and continue during the reintegration process. The same applies for female ex-combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups who in many cases expe- rienced sexual and gender-based violence, and risk stigmatization and social exclusion. See Module 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":885, "Sentence":"In order to combat discrimination against returning combatants due to perceived HIV status, HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization and continue during the reintegration process.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration order combat discrimination returning combatant due perceived hiv status hiv\/aids initiative need start receiving community demobilization continue reintegration process ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.3. Strengthening social capital and social acceptance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration of ex-combatants is a complex process that depends on a myriad of factors, including satisfying the complex expectations of receiving communities. It is the interplay of a community\u2019s physical and social capital and an ex-combatant\u2019s financial and human capital that determines the ease and success of reintegration.The acceptance of ex-combatants by community members is essential, but relations between ex-combatants and other community members are usually anything but \u2018nor- mal\u2019 at the end of a conflict. Ex-combatants often reintegrate into extremely difficult social environments where they might be seen as additional burdens to communities rather than assets. In some cases, communities may have perceptions that returning combat- ants are HIV positive, regardless of actual HIV status, resulting in discrimination against and stigmatization of returnees and inhibiting effective reintegration. The success of any DDR programme and the effective reintegration of former combatants therefore depend on the extent to which ex-combatants can become (and be perceived as) positive agents for change in receptor communities.The importance of providing civilian life skills training to ex-combatants will prove vital to strengthening their social capital and jumpstarting their integration into com- munities. Ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence may face difficulties when trying to negotiate everyday situations in the public and private spheres. Those who have been out of their communities for an extended period of time, and who may have committed extreme acts of violence, might feel disconnected from the human compo- nents of home and community life. Reintegration programme managers should therefore regard the provision of civilian life skills as a necessity, not a luxury. Life skills include understanding gender identities and roles, non-violent ways of resolving conflict, and non-violent civilian and social behaviours (such as good parenting skills). See section 9.4.1. for more information on life skills.Public information and sentitization campaigns can also be an extremely effective mech- anism for facilitating social reintegration, including utilizing media to address issues such as returnees, their dependants, stigma, peacebuilding, reconciliation\/co-habitation, and socialization to violence. Reintegration programme planners should carry out public information and sensitization campaigns to ensure a broad understanding among stake- holders that DDR is not about rewarding ex-combatants, but rather about turning them into valuable assets to rebuild their communities and ensure that security and peace pre- vail. In order to combat discrimination against returning combatants due to perceived HIV status, HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization and continue during the reintegration process. The same applies for female ex-combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups who in many cases expe- rienced sexual and gender-based violence, and risk stigmatization and social exclusion. See Module 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":885, "Sentence":"The same applies for female ex-combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups who in many cases expe- rienced sexual and gender-based violence, and risk stigmatization and social exclusion.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration applies female excombatants woman girl associated armed force group many case expe rienced sexual genderbased violence risk stigmatization social exclusion ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.3. Strengthening social capital and social acceptance", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"Successful reintegration of ex-combatants is a complex process that depends on a myriad of factors, including satisfying the complex expectations of receiving communities. It is the interplay of a community\u2019s physical and social capital and an ex-combatant\u2019s financial and human capital that determines the ease and success of reintegration.The acceptance of ex-combatants by community members is essential, but relations between ex-combatants and other community members are usually anything but \u2018nor- mal\u2019 at the end of a conflict. Ex-combatants often reintegrate into extremely difficult social environments where they might be seen as additional burdens to communities rather than assets. In some cases, communities may have perceptions that returning combat- ants are HIV positive, regardless of actual HIV status, resulting in discrimination against and stigmatization of returnees and inhibiting effective reintegration. The success of any DDR programme and the effective reintegration of former combatants therefore depend on the extent to which ex-combatants can become (and be perceived as) positive agents for change in receptor communities.The importance of providing civilian life skills training to ex-combatants will prove vital to strengthening their social capital and jumpstarting their integration into com- munities. Ex-combatants who have been socialized to use violence may face difficulties when trying to negotiate everyday situations in the public and private spheres. Those who have been out of their communities for an extended period of time, and who may have committed extreme acts of violence, might feel disconnected from the human compo- nents of home and community life. Reintegration programme managers should therefore regard the provision of civilian life skills as a necessity, not a luxury. Life skills include understanding gender identities and roles, non-violent ways of resolving conflict, and non-violent civilian and social behaviours (such as good parenting skills). See section 9.4.1. for more information on life skills.Public information and sentitization campaigns can also be an extremely effective mech- anism for facilitating social reintegration, including utilizing media to address issues such as returnees, their dependants, stigma, peacebuilding, reconciliation\/co-habitation, and socialization to violence. Reintegration programme planners should carry out public information and sensitization campaigns to ensure a broad understanding among stake- holders that DDR is not about rewarding ex-combatants, but rather about turning them into valuable assets to rebuild their communities and ensure that security and peace pre- vail. In order to combat discrimination against returning combatants due to perceived HIV status, HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization and continue during the reintegration process. The same applies for female ex-combatants and women and girls associated with armed forces and groups who in many cases expe- rienced sexual and gender-based violence, and risk stigmatization and social exclusion. See Module 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR for more information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":885, "Sentence":"See Module 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR for more information.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration see module 4.60 public information strategic communication support ddr information ." }, { "ID":64, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Social support networks are key to ex-combatants\u2019 adjustment to a normal civilian life. In addition to family members, having persons to turn to who share one\u2019s background and experiences in times of need and uncertainty is a common feature of many successful adjustment programmes, ranging from Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) to widows support groups. Socially-constructive support networks, such as peer groups in addition to groups formed during vocational and life skills training, should therefore be encouraged and supported with information, training and guidance, where possible and appropriate.As previously stated, DDR practitioners should keep in mind that the creation of vet- erans\u2019 associations should be carefully assessed and these groups supported only if they positively support the DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":886, "Sentence":"Social support networks are key to ex-combatants\u2019 adjustment to a normal civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration social support network key excombatants \u2019 adjustment normal civilian life ." }, { "ID":64, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Social support networks are key to ex-combatants\u2019 adjustment to a normal civilian life. In addition to family members, having persons to turn to who share one\u2019s background and experiences in times of need and uncertainty is a common feature of many successful adjustment programmes, ranging from Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) to widows support groups. Socially-constructive support networks, such as peer groups in addition to groups formed during vocational and life skills training, should therefore be encouraged and supported with information, training and guidance, where possible and appropriate.As previously stated, DDR practitioners should keep in mind that the creation of vet- erans\u2019 associations should be carefully assessed and these groups supported only if they positively support the DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":886, "Sentence":"In addition to family members, having persons to turn to who share one\u2019s background and experiences in times of need and uncertainty is a common feature of many successful adjustment programmes, ranging from Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) to widows support groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration addition family member person turn share one \u2019 background experience time need uncertainty common feature many successful adjustment programme ranging alcoholic anonymous aa widow support group ." }, { "ID":64, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Social support networks are key to ex-combatants\u2019 adjustment to a normal civilian life. In addition to family members, having persons to turn to who share one\u2019s background and experiences in times of need and uncertainty is a common feature of many successful adjustment programmes, ranging from Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) to widows support groups. Socially-constructive support networks, such as peer groups in addition to groups formed during vocational and life skills training, should therefore be encouraged and supported with information, training and guidance, where possible and appropriate.As previously stated, DDR practitioners should keep in mind that the creation of vet- erans\u2019 associations should be carefully assessed and these groups supported only if they positively support the DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":886, "Sentence":"Socially-constructive support networks, such as peer groups in addition to groups formed during vocational and life skills training, should therefore be encouraged and supported with information, training and guidance, where possible and appropriate.As previously stated, DDR practitioners should keep in mind that the creation of vet- erans\u2019 associations should be carefully assessed and these groups supported only if they positively support the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration sociallyconstructive support network peer group addition group formed vocational life skill training therefore encouraged supported information training guidance possible appropriate.as previously stated ddr practitioner keep mind creation vet erans \u2019 association carefully assessed group supported positively support ddr process ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"10.4.1. Nuclear and extended families", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Although various forms of family structures exist in different cultural, political and social systems, reference is commonly made to two types of family: the nuclear family and the extended family. Nuclear families comprise the ex-combatant, his\/her spouse, companion or permanent companion, dependent children and\/or parents and siblings in those cases where the previously mentioned family members do not exist. Extended family includes a 4.60 social unit that contains the nuclear family together with blood relatives, often spanning three or more generations.Family members often need to be assisted to play the supporting, educating and nur- turing roles that will aid ex-combatants in their transitions from military to civilian life and in their reintegration into families and communities. This is especially important for elderly, chronically-ill, and ex-combatants with disabilities. Family members will need to understand the experiences that ex-combatants have gone through, such as socialization to violence and the use of drugs and other substances, in order to help them to overcome trauma and\/or inappropriate habits acquired during the time they spent with armed forces and groups. In order to encourage their peaceful transition into civilian life, family members will also need to be particularly attentive to help prevent feelings of isolation, alienation and stigmatization.DDR planners should recognize the vital importance of family reunification and pro- mote its integration into DDR programmes and strategies to ensure protection of the unity of the family, where reunification proves appropriate. Depending on the context, nuclear and\/or extended families should be assisted to play a positive supporting role in the social reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups.DDR programmes should also create opportunities for family members of nuclear and\/or extended families to understand and meet their social responsibilities related to the return of ex-combatant relatives. Nuclear and\/or extended family members also need to understand the challenges involved in welcoming back ex-combatants and the need to deal with such return in a way that will allow for mutual respect, tolerance and coopera- tion within the family and within communities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":887, "Sentence":"Although various forms of family structures exist in different cultural, political and social systems, reference is commonly made to two types of family: the nuclear family and the extended family.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration although various form family structure exist different cultural political social system reference commonly made two type family nuclear family extended family ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"10.4.1. Nuclear and extended families", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Although various forms of family structures exist in different cultural, political and social systems, reference is commonly made to two types of family: the nuclear family and the extended family. Nuclear families comprise the ex-combatant, his\/her spouse, companion or permanent companion, dependent children and\/or parents and siblings in those cases where the previously mentioned family members do not exist. Extended family includes a 4.60 social unit that contains the nuclear family together with blood relatives, often spanning three or more generations.Family members often need to be assisted to play the supporting, educating and nur- turing roles that will aid ex-combatants in their transitions from military to civilian life and in their reintegration into families and communities. This is especially important for elderly, chronically-ill, and ex-combatants with disabilities. Family members will need to understand the experiences that ex-combatants have gone through, such as socialization to violence and the use of drugs and other substances, in order to help them to overcome trauma and\/or inappropriate habits acquired during the time they spent with armed forces and groups. In order to encourage their peaceful transition into civilian life, family members will also need to be particularly attentive to help prevent feelings of isolation, alienation and stigmatization.DDR planners should recognize the vital importance of family reunification and pro- mote its integration into DDR programmes and strategies to ensure protection of the unity of the family, where reunification proves appropriate. Depending on the context, nuclear and\/or extended families should be assisted to play a positive supporting role in the social reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups.DDR programmes should also create opportunities for family members of nuclear and\/or extended families to understand and meet their social responsibilities related to the return of ex-combatant relatives. Nuclear and\/or extended family members also need to understand the challenges involved in welcoming back ex-combatants and the need to deal with such return in a way that will allow for mutual respect, tolerance and coopera- tion within the family and within communities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":887, "Sentence":"Nuclear families comprise the ex-combatant, his\/her spouse, companion or permanent companion, dependent children and\/or parents and siblings in those cases where the previously mentioned family members do not exist.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration nuclear family comprise excombatant his\/her spouse companion permanent companion dependent child and\/or parent sibling case previously mentioned family member exist ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"10.4.1. Nuclear and extended families", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Although various forms of family structures exist in different cultural, political and social systems, reference is commonly made to two types of family: the nuclear family and the extended family. Nuclear families comprise the ex-combatant, his\/her spouse, companion or permanent companion, dependent children and\/or parents and siblings in those cases where the previously mentioned family members do not exist. Extended family includes a 4.60 social unit that contains the nuclear family together with blood relatives, often spanning three or more generations.Family members often need to be assisted to play the supporting, educating and nur- turing roles that will aid ex-combatants in their transitions from military to civilian life and in their reintegration into families and communities. This is especially important for elderly, chronically-ill, and ex-combatants with disabilities. Family members will need to understand the experiences that ex-combatants have gone through, such as socialization to violence and the use of drugs and other substances, in order to help them to overcome trauma and\/or inappropriate habits acquired during the time they spent with armed forces and groups. In order to encourage their peaceful transition into civilian life, family members will also need to be particularly attentive to help prevent feelings of isolation, alienation and stigmatization.DDR planners should recognize the vital importance of family reunification and pro- mote its integration into DDR programmes and strategies to ensure protection of the unity of the family, where reunification proves appropriate. Depending on the context, nuclear and\/or extended families should be assisted to play a positive supporting role in the social reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups.DDR programmes should also create opportunities for family members of nuclear and\/or extended families to understand and meet their social responsibilities related to the return of ex-combatant relatives. Nuclear and\/or extended family members also need to understand the challenges involved in welcoming back ex-combatants and the need to deal with such return in a way that will allow for mutual respect, tolerance and coopera- tion within the family and within communities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":887, "Sentence":"Extended family includes a 4.60 social unit that contains the nuclear family together with blood relatives, often spanning three or more generations.Family members often need to be assisted to play the supporting, educating and nur- turing roles that will aid ex-combatants in their transitions from military to civilian life and in their reintegration into families and communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration extended family includes 4.60 social unit contains nuclear family together blood relative often spanning three generations.family member often need assisted play supporting educating nur turing role aid excombatants transition military civilian life reintegration family community ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"10.4.1. Nuclear and extended families", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Although various forms of family structures exist in different cultural, political and social systems, reference is commonly made to two types of family: the nuclear family and the extended family. Nuclear families comprise the ex-combatant, his\/her spouse, companion or permanent companion, dependent children and\/or parents and siblings in those cases where the previously mentioned family members do not exist. Extended family includes a 4.60 social unit that contains the nuclear family together with blood relatives, often spanning three or more generations.Family members often need to be assisted to play the supporting, educating and nur- turing roles that will aid ex-combatants in their transitions from military to civilian life and in their reintegration into families and communities. This is especially important for elderly, chronically-ill, and ex-combatants with disabilities. Family members will need to understand the experiences that ex-combatants have gone through, such as socialization to violence and the use of drugs and other substances, in order to help them to overcome trauma and\/or inappropriate habits acquired during the time they spent with armed forces and groups. In order to encourage their peaceful transition into civilian life, family members will also need to be particularly attentive to help prevent feelings of isolation, alienation and stigmatization.DDR planners should recognize the vital importance of family reunification and pro- mote its integration into DDR programmes and strategies to ensure protection of the unity of the family, where reunification proves appropriate. Depending on the context, nuclear and\/or extended families should be assisted to play a positive supporting role in the social reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups.DDR programmes should also create opportunities for family members of nuclear and\/or extended families to understand and meet their social responsibilities related to the return of ex-combatant relatives. Nuclear and\/or extended family members also need to understand the challenges involved in welcoming back ex-combatants and the need to deal with such return in a way that will allow for mutual respect, tolerance and coopera- tion within the family and within communities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":887, "Sentence":"This is especially important for elderly, chronically-ill, and ex-combatants with disabilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration especially important elderly chronicallyill excombatants disability ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"10.4.1. Nuclear and extended families", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Although various forms of family structures exist in different cultural, political and social systems, reference is commonly made to two types of family: the nuclear family and the extended family. Nuclear families comprise the ex-combatant, his\/her spouse, companion or permanent companion, dependent children and\/or parents and siblings in those cases where the previously mentioned family members do not exist. Extended family includes a 4.60 social unit that contains the nuclear family together with blood relatives, often spanning three or more generations.Family members often need to be assisted to play the supporting, educating and nur- turing roles that will aid ex-combatants in their transitions from military to civilian life and in their reintegration into families and communities. This is especially important for elderly, chronically-ill, and ex-combatants with disabilities. Family members will need to understand the experiences that ex-combatants have gone through, such as socialization to violence and the use of drugs and other substances, in order to help them to overcome trauma and\/or inappropriate habits acquired during the time they spent with armed forces and groups. In order to encourage their peaceful transition into civilian life, family members will also need to be particularly attentive to help prevent feelings of isolation, alienation and stigmatization.DDR planners should recognize the vital importance of family reunification and pro- mote its integration into DDR programmes and strategies to ensure protection of the unity of the family, where reunification proves appropriate. Depending on the context, nuclear and\/or extended families should be assisted to play a positive supporting role in the social reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups.DDR programmes should also create opportunities for family members of nuclear and\/or extended families to understand and meet their social responsibilities related to the return of ex-combatant relatives. Nuclear and\/or extended family members also need to understand the challenges involved in welcoming back ex-combatants and the need to deal with such return in a way that will allow for mutual respect, tolerance and coopera- tion within the family and within communities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":887, "Sentence":"Family members will need to understand the experiences that ex-combatants have gone through, such as socialization to violence and the use of drugs and other substances, in order to help them to overcome trauma and\/or inappropriate habits acquired during the time they spent with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration family member need understand experience excombatants gone socialization violence use drug substance order help overcome trauma and\/or inappropriate habit acquired time spent armed force group ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"10.4.1. Nuclear and extended families", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Although various forms of family structures exist in different cultural, political and social systems, reference is commonly made to two types of family: the nuclear family and the extended family. Nuclear families comprise the ex-combatant, his\/her spouse, companion or permanent companion, dependent children and\/or parents and siblings in those cases where the previously mentioned family members do not exist. Extended family includes a 4.60 social unit that contains the nuclear family together with blood relatives, often spanning three or more generations.Family members often need to be assisted to play the supporting, educating and nur- turing roles that will aid ex-combatants in their transitions from military to civilian life and in their reintegration into families and communities. This is especially important for elderly, chronically-ill, and ex-combatants with disabilities. Family members will need to understand the experiences that ex-combatants have gone through, such as socialization to violence and the use of drugs and other substances, in order to help them to overcome trauma and\/or inappropriate habits acquired during the time they spent with armed forces and groups. In order to encourage their peaceful transition into civilian life, family members will also need to be particularly attentive to help prevent feelings of isolation, alienation and stigmatization.DDR planners should recognize the vital importance of family reunification and pro- mote its integration into DDR programmes and strategies to ensure protection of the unity of the family, where reunification proves appropriate. Depending on the context, nuclear and\/or extended families should be assisted to play a positive supporting role in the social reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups.DDR programmes should also create opportunities for family members of nuclear and\/or extended families to understand and meet their social responsibilities related to the return of ex-combatant relatives. Nuclear and\/or extended family members also need to understand the challenges involved in welcoming back ex-combatants and the need to deal with such return in a way that will allow for mutual respect, tolerance and coopera- tion within the family and within communities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":887, "Sentence":"In order to encourage their peaceful transition into civilian life, family members will also need to be particularly attentive to help prevent feelings of isolation, alienation and stigmatization.DDR planners should recognize the vital importance of family reunification and pro- mote its integration into DDR programmes and strategies to ensure protection of the unity of the family, where reunification proves appropriate.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration order encourage peaceful transition civilian life family member also need particularly attentive help prevent feeling isolation alienation stigmatization.ddr planner recognize vital importance family reunification pro mote integration ddr programme strategy ensure protection unity family reunification prof appropriate ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"10.4.1. Nuclear and extended families", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Although various forms of family structures exist in different cultural, political and social systems, reference is commonly made to two types of family: the nuclear family and the extended family. Nuclear families comprise the ex-combatant, his\/her spouse, companion or permanent companion, dependent children and\/or parents and siblings in those cases where the previously mentioned family members do not exist. Extended family includes a 4.60 social unit that contains the nuclear family together with blood relatives, often spanning three or more generations.Family members often need to be assisted to play the supporting, educating and nur- turing roles that will aid ex-combatants in their transitions from military to civilian life and in their reintegration into families and communities. This is especially important for elderly, chronically-ill, and ex-combatants with disabilities. Family members will need to understand the experiences that ex-combatants have gone through, such as socialization to violence and the use of drugs and other substances, in order to help them to overcome trauma and\/or inappropriate habits acquired during the time they spent with armed forces and groups. In order to encourage their peaceful transition into civilian life, family members will also need to be particularly attentive to help prevent feelings of isolation, alienation and stigmatization.DDR planners should recognize the vital importance of family reunification and pro- mote its integration into DDR programmes and strategies to ensure protection of the unity of the family, where reunification proves appropriate. Depending on the context, nuclear and\/or extended families should be assisted to play a positive supporting role in the social reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups.DDR programmes should also create opportunities for family members of nuclear and\/or extended families to understand and meet their social responsibilities related to the return of ex-combatant relatives. Nuclear and\/or extended family members also need to understand the challenges involved in welcoming back ex-combatants and the need to deal with such return in a way that will allow for mutual respect, tolerance and coopera- tion within the family and within communities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":887, "Sentence":"Depending on the context, nuclear and\/or extended families should be assisted to play a positive supporting role in the social reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups.DDR programmes should also create opportunities for family members of nuclear and\/or extended families to understand and meet their social responsibilities related to the return of ex-combatant relatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration depending context nuclear and\/or extended family assisted play positive supporting role social reintegration excombatants associated groups.ddr programme also create opportunity family member nuclear and\/or extended family understand meet social responsibility related return excombatant relative ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"10.4.1. Nuclear and extended families", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Although various forms of family structures exist in different cultural, political and social systems, reference is commonly made to two types of family: the nuclear family and the extended family. Nuclear families comprise the ex-combatant, his\/her spouse, companion or permanent companion, dependent children and\/or parents and siblings in those cases where the previously mentioned family members do not exist. Extended family includes a 4.60 social unit that contains the nuclear family together with blood relatives, often spanning three or more generations.Family members often need to be assisted to play the supporting, educating and nur- turing roles that will aid ex-combatants in their transitions from military to civilian life and in their reintegration into families and communities. This is especially important for elderly, chronically-ill, and ex-combatants with disabilities. Family members will need to understand the experiences that ex-combatants have gone through, such as socialization to violence and the use of drugs and other substances, in order to help them to overcome trauma and\/or inappropriate habits acquired during the time they spent with armed forces and groups. In order to encourage their peaceful transition into civilian life, family members will also need to be particularly attentive to help prevent feelings of isolation, alienation and stigmatization.DDR planners should recognize the vital importance of family reunification and pro- mote its integration into DDR programmes and strategies to ensure protection of the unity of the family, where reunification proves appropriate. Depending on the context, nuclear and\/or extended families should be assisted to play a positive supporting role in the social reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups.DDR programmes should also create opportunities for family members of nuclear and\/or extended families to understand and meet their social responsibilities related to the return of ex-combatant relatives. Nuclear and\/or extended family members also need to understand the challenges involved in welcoming back ex-combatants and the need to deal with such return in a way that will allow for mutual respect, tolerance and coopera- tion within the family and within communities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":887, "Sentence":"Nuclear and\/or extended family members also need to understand the challenges involved in welcoming back ex-combatants and the need to deal with such return in a way that will allow for mutual respect, tolerance and coopera- tion within the family and within communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration nuclear and\/or extended family member also need understand challenge involved welcoming back excombatants need deal return way allow mutual respect tolerance coopera tion within family within community ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"10.4.2. Youth engagement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Involving youth in any approach addressing socialization to violence and social reinte- gration is critical to programme success. Oftentimes, youth who were raised in the midst of conflict have become socialized to see violence and weapons as a means to gaining power, prestige and respect (see Module 5.20 on Youth and DDR and Module 5.30 on Children and DDR). If youth interventions are not designed and implemented during the post-conflict stage, DDR programmes risk neglecting a new generation of citizens raised and socialized to take part in a culture of violence.Youth also often tend to be far more vulnerable than adults to political manipulation and (re-) recruitment into armed forces and groups, as well as gangs in the post-conflict environment. Youth who participated in conflict often face considerable struggles to rein- tegrate into communities where they are frequently marginalized, offered few economic opportunities, or taken for mere children despite their wartime experiences. Civic engage- ment of youth has been shown to contribute to the social reintegration of at-risk youth and young ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":888, "Sentence":"Involving youth in any approach addressing socialization to violence and social reinte- gration is critical to programme success.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration involving youth approach addressing socialization violence social reinte gration critical programme success ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"10.4.2. Youth engagement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Involving youth in any approach addressing socialization to violence and social reinte- gration is critical to programme success. Oftentimes, youth who were raised in the midst of conflict have become socialized to see violence and weapons as a means to gaining power, prestige and respect (see Module 5.20 on Youth and DDR and Module 5.30 on Children and DDR). If youth interventions are not designed and implemented during the post-conflict stage, DDR programmes risk neglecting a new generation of citizens raised and socialized to take part in a culture of violence.Youth also often tend to be far more vulnerable than adults to political manipulation and (re-) recruitment into armed forces and groups, as well as gangs in the post-conflict environment. Youth who participated in conflict often face considerable struggles to rein- tegrate into communities where they are frequently marginalized, offered few economic opportunities, or taken for mere children despite their wartime experiences. Civic engage- ment of youth has been shown to contribute to the social reintegration of at-risk youth and young ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":888, "Sentence":"Oftentimes, youth who were raised in the midst of conflict have become socialized to see violence and weapons as a means to gaining power, prestige and respect (see Module 5.20 on Youth and DDR and Module 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration oftentimes youth raised midst conflict become socialized see violence weapon mean gaining power prestige respect see module 5.20 youth ddr module 5.30 child ddr ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"10.4.2. Youth engagement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Involving youth in any approach addressing socialization to violence and social reinte- gration is critical to programme success. Oftentimes, youth who were raised in the midst of conflict have become socialized to see violence and weapons as a means to gaining power, prestige and respect (see Module 5.20 on Youth and DDR and Module 5.30 on Children and DDR). If youth interventions are not designed and implemented during the post-conflict stage, DDR programmes risk neglecting a new generation of citizens raised and socialized to take part in a culture of violence.Youth also often tend to be far more vulnerable than adults to political manipulation and (re-) recruitment into armed forces and groups, as well as gangs in the post-conflict environment. Youth who participated in conflict often face considerable struggles to rein- tegrate into communities where they are frequently marginalized, offered few economic opportunities, or taken for mere children despite their wartime experiences. Civic engage- ment of youth has been shown to contribute to the social reintegration of at-risk youth and young ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":888, "Sentence":"If youth interventions are not designed and implemented during the post-conflict stage, DDR programmes risk neglecting a new generation of citizens raised and socialized to take part in a culture of violence.Youth also often tend to be far more vulnerable than adults to political manipulation and (re-) recruitment into armed forces and groups, as well as gangs in the post-conflict environment.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration youth intervention designed implemented postconflict stage ddr programme risk neglecting new generation citizen raised socialized take part culture violence.youth also often tend far vulnerable adult political manipulation recruitment armed force group well gang postconflict environment ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"10.4.2. Youth engagement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Involving youth in any approach addressing socialization to violence and social reinte- gration is critical to programme success. Oftentimes, youth who were raised in the midst of conflict have become socialized to see violence and weapons as a means to gaining power, prestige and respect (see Module 5.20 on Youth and DDR and Module 5.30 on Children and DDR). If youth interventions are not designed and implemented during the post-conflict stage, DDR programmes risk neglecting a new generation of citizens raised and socialized to take part in a culture of violence.Youth also often tend to be far more vulnerable than adults to political manipulation and (re-) recruitment into armed forces and groups, as well as gangs in the post-conflict environment. Youth who participated in conflict often face considerable struggles to rein- tegrate into communities where they are frequently marginalized, offered few economic opportunities, or taken for mere children despite their wartime experiences. Civic engage- ment of youth has been shown to contribute to the social reintegration of at-risk youth and young ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":888, "Sentence":"Youth who participated in conflict often face considerable struggles to rein- tegrate into communities where they are frequently marginalized, offered few economic opportunities, or taken for mere children despite their wartime experiences.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration youth participated conflict often face considerable struggle rein tegrate community frequently marginalized offered economic opportunity taken mere child despite wartime experience ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"10.4.2. Youth engagement", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Involving youth in any approach addressing socialization to violence and social reinte- gration is critical to programme success. Oftentimes, youth who were raised in the midst of conflict have become socialized to see violence and weapons as a means to gaining power, prestige and respect (see Module 5.20 on Youth and DDR and Module 5.30 on Children and DDR). If youth interventions are not designed and implemented during the post-conflict stage, DDR programmes risk neglecting a new generation of citizens raised and socialized to take part in a culture of violence.Youth also often tend to be far more vulnerable than adults to political manipulation and (re-) recruitment into armed forces and groups, as well as gangs in the post-conflict environment. Youth who participated in conflict often face considerable struggles to rein- tegrate into communities where they are frequently marginalized, offered few economic opportunities, or taken for mere children despite their wartime experiences. Civic engage- ment of youth has been shown to contribute to the social reintegration of at-risk youth and young ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":888, "Sentence":"Civic engage- ment of youth has been shown to contribute to the social reintegration of at-risk youth and young ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration civic engage ment youth shown contribute social reintegration atrisk youth young excombatants ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"10.4.3. Men\u2019s and women\u2019s groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Informal or formal men\u2019s and women\u2019s groups can provide a forum for women and men to discuss social expectations of women, men, violence, and health issues. It can be an extremely effective way to harness their interest and capacities to become agents of change in their community by disseminating information and educating the public.Many times, due to social constraints, men do not have forums to discuss such issues, either because there are social barriers or because there has never been a space or guided assistance in starting one. Support to such activities through reintegration assistance, should allow for a mix of ex-combatants and civilians. Oftentimes women\u2019s and men\u2019s groups are started informally around points of interest for men, such as recreational\/ sports associations, cooperatives, coffee houses, or water points, or for women such as beauty salons, water points, schools, in the community. Many times they evolve to be more formal groups, which provide a forum for civic education as well as discussion on issues affecting personal lives, the community and the family. Continued assessments of the effects of reintegration assistance and communities of return may identify such groupings forming, and may provide support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":889, "Sentence":"Informal or formal men\u2019s and women\u2019s groups can provide a forum for women and men to discuss social expectations of women, men, violence, and health issues.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration informal formal men \u2019 woman \u2019 group provide forum woman men discus social expectation woman men violence health issue ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"10.4.3. Men\u2019s and women\u2019s groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Informal or formal men\u2019s and women\u2019s groups can provide a forum for women and men to discuss social expectations of women, men, violence, and health issues. It can be an extremely effective way to harness their interest and capacities to become agents of change in their community by disseminating information and educating the public.Many times, due to social constraints, men do not have forums to discuss such issues, either because there are social barriers or because there has never been a space or guided assistance in starting one. Support to such activities through reintegration assistance, should allow for a mix of ex-combatants and civilians. Oftentimes women\u2019s and men\u2019s groups are started informally around points of interest for men, such as recreational\/ sports associations, cooperatives, coffee houses, or water points, or for women such as beauty salons, water points, schools, in the community. Many times they evolve to be more formal groups, which provide a forum for civic education as well as discussion on issues affecting personal lives, the community and the family. Continued assessments of the effects of reintegration assistance and communities of return may identify such groupings forming, and may provide support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":889, "Sentence":"It can be an extremely effective way to harness their interest and capacities to become agents of change in their community by disseminating information and educating the public.Many times, due to social constraints, men do not have forums to discuss such issues, either because there are social barriers or because there has never been a space or guided assistance in starting one.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration extremely effective way harness interest capacity become agent change community disseminating information educating public.many time due social constraint men forum discus issue either social barrier never space guided assistance starting one ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"10.4.3. Men\u2019s and women\u2019s groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Informal or formal men\u2019s and women\u2019s groups can provide a forum for women and men to discuss social expectations of women, men, violence, and health issues. It can be an extremely effective way to harness their interest and capacities to become agents of change in their community by disseminating information and educating the public.Many times, due to social constraints, men do not have forums to discuss such issues, either because there are social barriers or because there has never been a space or guided assistance in starting one. Support to such activities through reintegration assistance, should allow for a mix of ex-combatants and civilians. Oftentimes women\u2019s and men\u2019s groups are started informally around points of interest for men, such as recreational\/ sports associations, cooperatives, coffee houses, or water points, or for women such as beauty salons, water points, schools, in the community. Many times they evolve to be more formal groups, which provide a forum for civic education as well as discussion on issues affecting personal lives, the community and the family. Continued assessments of the effects of reintegration assistance and communities of return may identify such groupings forming, and may provide support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":889, "Sentence":"Support to such activities through reintegration assistance, should allow for a mix of ex-combatants and civilians.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration support activity reintegration assistance allow mix excombatants civilian ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"10.4.3. Men\u2019s and women\u2019s groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Informal or formal men\u2019s and women\u2019s groups can provide a forum for women and men to discuss social expectations of women, men, violence, and health issues. It can be an extremely effective way to harness their interest and capacities to become agents of change in their community by disseminating information and educating the public.Many times, due to social constraints, men do not have forums to discuss such issues, either because there are social barriers or because there has never been a space or guided assistance in starting one. Support to such activities through reintegration assistance, should allow for a mix of ex-combatants and civilians. Oftentimes women\u2019s and men\u2019s groups are started informally around points of interest for men, such as recreational\/ sports associations, cooperatives, coffee houses, or water points, or for women such as beauty salons, water points, schools, in the community. Many times they evolve to be more formal groups, which provide a forum for civic education as well as discussion on issues affecting personal lives, the community and the family. Continued assessments of the effects of reintegration assistance and communities of return may identify such groupings forming, and may provide support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":889, "Sentence":"Oftentimes women\u2019s and men\u2019s groups are started informally around points of interest for men, such as recreational\/ sports associations, cooperatives, coffee houses, or water points, or for women such as beauty salons, water points, schools, in the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration oftentimes woman \u2019 men \u2019 group started informally around point interest men recreational\/ sport association cooperative coffee house water point woman beauty salon water point school community ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"10.4.3. Men\u2019s and women\u2019s groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Informal or formal men\u2019s and women\u2019s groups can provide a forum for women and men to discuss social expectations of women, men, violence, and health issues. It can be an extremely effective way to harness their interest and capacities to become agents of change in their community by disseminating information and educating the public.Many times, due to social constraints, men do not have forums to discuss such issues, either because there are social barriers or because there has never been a space or guided assistance in starting one. Support to such activities through reintegration assistance, should allow for a mix of ex-combatants and civilians. Oftentimes women\u2019s and men\u2019s groups are started informally around points of interest for men, such as recreational\/ sports associations, cooperatives, coffee houses, or water points, or for women such as beauty salons, water points, schools, in the community. Many times they evolve to be more formal groups, which provide a forum for civic education as well as discussion on issues affecting personal lives, the community and the family. Continued assessments of the effects of reintegration assistance and communities of return may identify such groupings forming, and may provide support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":889, "Sentence":"Many times they evolve to be more formal groups, which provide a forum for civic education as well as discussion on issues affecting personal lives, the community and the family.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration many time evolve formal group provide forum civic education well discussion issue affecting personal life community family ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.4. Social support networks", "Heading3":"10.4.3. Men\u2019s and women\u2019s groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Informal or formal men\u2019s and women\u2019s groups can provide a forum for women and men to discuss social expectations of women, men, violence, and health issues. It can be an extremely effective way to harness their interest and capacities to become agents of change in their community by disseminating information and educating the public.Many times, due to social constraints, men do not have forums to discuss such issues, either because there are social barriers or because there has never been a space or guided assistance in starting one. Support to such activities through reintegration assistance, should allow for a mix of ex-combatants and civilians. Oftentimes women\u2019s and men\u2019s groups are started informally around points of interest for men, such as recreational\/ sports associations, cooperatives, coffee houses, or water points, or for women such as beauty salons, water points, schools, in the community. Many times they evolve to be more formal groups, which provide a forum for civic education as well as discussion on issues affecting personal lives, the community and the family. Continued assessments of the effects of reintegration assistance and communities of return may identify such groupings forming, and may provide support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":889, "Sentence":"Continued assessments of the effects of reintegration assistance and communities of return may identify such groupings forming, and may provide support.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration continued assessment effect reintegration assistance community return may identify grouping forming may provide support ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"The lack of available land for resettlement has been a major obstacle to successful rein- tegration in several countries, particularly those with high demographic pressure. Land is of critical concern in all components of reintegration ranging from the political to the social and economic spheres (for more information see section 9.5.4. of this module). It is also very closely associated with the definition of one\u2019s identity, and can represent a diffi- cult issue for DDR programme participants in both rural and urban settings. The return of refugees and IDPs along with ex-combatants and associated groups is likely to heighten tensions over land, thereby calling for the need to address these issues early on.Disputes over land and access to natural resources are among the root causes of many conflicts and can prove instrumental in the deterioration of the security situation (see Module 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resource Management). DDR programme planners must take these underlying tensions into account when planning the return, resettlement and reintegration of ex-combatants, as they are often competing with other returnees for access to land. Conducting an early conflict analysis which includes information on his- torical and available dispute mechanisms will assist reintegration planners in identifying the impact, availability and effectiveness of land and property dispute mechanisms. These assessments will also allow DDR programmes to respond to these issues with support to wider initiatives addressing land and access to natural resources and to avoid doing more harm through their interventions.DDR reintegration programmes should seek to support the mediation of housing and land disputes at the local level whenever possible, through support to legal aid groups or other appropriate service providers. Such mechanisms can transform potential conflict scenarios into reconciliation opportunities (e.g. through involving both ex-combatants and community members in finding solutions through mediation and arbitration that are acceptable to all and in line with cultural norms, where appropriate). Women, youth, children and disabled ex-combatants are among the most vulnerable groups with regard to land exclusion and disfranchisement. This not only has direct con- sequences on their livelihoods but also on their social standing within their communities. DDR planners and managers must keep in mind that in rural areas, traditional laws are likely to be those most abided by the population. In these systems, women may not tradi- tionally have access to property rights, but rather to user rights through their husbands and families. Should they find themselves widowed, separated or single for any reason, their livelihoods may be threatened unless recourse to traditional\/local authorities is made on their behalf (see also IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":890, "Sentence":"The lack of available land for resettlement has been a major obstacle to successful rein- tegration in several countries, particularly those with high demographic pressure.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration lack available land resettlement major obstacle successful rein tegration several country particularly high demographic pressure ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"The lack of available land for resettlement has been a major obstacle to successful rein- tegration in several countries, particularly those with high demographic pressure. Land is of critical concern in all components of reintegration ranging from the political to the social and economic spheres (for more information see section 9.5.4. of this module). It is also very closely associated with the definition of one\u2019s identity, and can represent a diffi- cult issue for DDR programme participants in both rural and urban settings. The return of refugees and IDPs along with ex-combatants and associated groups is likely to heighten tensions over land, thereby calling for the need to address these issues early on.Disputes over land and access to natural resources are among the root causes of many conflicts and can prove instrumental in the deterioration of the security situation (see Module 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resource Management). DDR programme planners must take these underlying tensions into account when planning the return, resettlement and reintegration of ex-combatants, as they are often competing with other returnees for access to land. Conducting an early conflict analysis which includes information on his- torical and available dispute mechanisms will assist reintegration planners in identifying the impact, availability and effectiveness of land and property dispute mechanisms. These assessments will also allow DDR programmes to respond to these issues with support to wider initiatives addressing land and access to natural resources and to avoid doing more harm through their interventions.DDR reintegration programmes should seek to support the mediation of housing and land disputes at the local level whenever possible, through support to legal aid groups or other appropriate service providers. Such mechanisms can transform potential conflict scenarios into reconciliation opportunities (e.g. through involving both ex-combatants and community members in finding solutions through mediation and arbitration that are acceptable to all and in line with cultural norms, where appropriate). Women, youth, children and disabled ex-combatants are among the most vulnerable groups with regard to land exclusion and disfranchisement. This not only has direct con- sequences on their livelihoods but also on their social standing within their communities. DDR planners and managers must keep in mind that in rural areas, traditional laws are likely to be those most abided by the population. In these systems, women may not tradi- tionally have access to property rights, but rather to user rights through their husbands and families. Should they find themselves widowed, separated or single for any reason, their livelihoods may be threatened unless recourse to traditional\/local authorities is made on their behalf (see also IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":890, "Sentence":"Land is of critical concern in all components of reintegration ranging from the political to the social and economic spheres (for more information see section 9.5.4. of this module).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration land critical concern component reintegration ranging political social economic sphere information see section 9.5.4. module ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"The lack of available land for resettlement has been a major obstacle to successful rein- tegration in several countries, particularly those with high demographic pressure. Land is of critical concern in all components of reintegration ranging from the political to the social and economic spheres (for more information see section 9.5.4. of this module). It is also very closely associated with the definition of one\u2019s identity, and can represent a diffi- cult issue for DDR programme participants in both rural and urban settings. The return of refugees and IDPs along with ex-combatants and associated groups is likely to heighten tensions over land, thereby calling for the need to address these issues early on.Disputes over land and access to natural resources are among the root causes of many conflicts and can prove instrumental in the deterioration of the security situation (see Module 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resource Management). DDR programme planners must take these underlying tensions into account when planning the return, resettlement and reintegration of ex-combatants, as they are often competing with other returnees for access to land. Conducting an early conflict analysis which includes information on his- torical and available dispute mechanisms will assist reintegration planners in identifying the impact, availability and effectiveness of land and property dispute mechanisms. These assessments will also allow DDR programmes to respond to these issues with support to wider initiatives addressing land and access to natural resources and to avoid doing more harm through their interventions.DDR reintegration programmes should seek to support the mediation of housing and land disputes at the local level whenever possible, through support to legal aid groups or other appropriate service providers. Such mechanisms can transform potential conflict scenarios into reconciliation opportunities (e.g. through involving both ex-combatants and community members in finding solutions through mediation and arbitration that are acceptable to all and in line with cultural norms, where appropriate). Women, youth, children and disabled ex-combatants are among the most vulnerable groups with regard to land exclusion and disfranchisement. This not only has direct con- sequences on their livelihoods but also on their social standing within their communities. DDR planners and managers must keep in mind that in rural areas, traditional laws are likely to be those most abided by the population. In these systems, women may not tradi- tionally have access to property rights, but rather to user rights through their husbands and families. Should they find themselves widowed, separated or single for any reason, their livelihoods may be threatened unless recourse to traditional\/local authorities is made on their behalf (see also IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":890, "Sentence":"It is also very closely associated with the definition of one\u2019s identity, and can represent a diffi- cult issue for DDR programme participants in both rural and urban settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration also closely associated definition one \u2019 identity represent diffi cult issue ddr programme participant rural urban setting ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"The lack of available land for resettlement has been a major obstacle to successful rein- tegration in several countries, particularly those with high demographic pressure. Land is of critical concern in all components of reintegration ranging from the political to the social and economic spheres (for more information see section 9.5.4. of this module). It is also very closely associated with the definition of one\u2019s identity, and can represent a diffi- cult issue for DDR programme participants in both rural and urban settings. The return of refugees and IDPs along with ex-combatants and associated groups is likely to heighten tensions over land, thereby calling for the need to address these issues early on.Disputes over land and access to natural resources are among the root causes of many conflicts and can prove instrumental in the deterioration of the security situation (see Module 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resource Management). DDR programme planners must take these underlying tensions into account when planning the return, resettlement and reintegration of ex-combatants, as they are often competing with other returnees for access to land. Conducting an early conflict analysis which includes information on his- torical and available dispute mechanisms will assist reintegration planners in identifying the impact, availability and effectiveness of land and property dispute mechanisms. These assessments will also allow DDR programmes to respond to these issues with support to wider initiatives addressing land and access to natural resources and to avoid doing more harm through their interventions.DDR reintegration programmes should seek to support the mediation of housing and land disputes at the local level whenever possible, through support to legal aid groups or other appropriate service providers. Such mechanisms can transform potential conflict scenarios into reconciliation opportunities (e.g. through involving both ex-combatants and community members in finding solutions through mediation and arbitration that are acceptable to all and in line with cultural norms, where appropriate). Women, youth, children and disabled ex-combatants are among the most vulnerable groups with regard to land exclusion and disfranchisement. This not only has direct con- sequences on their livelihoods but also on their social standing within their communities. DDR planners and managers must keep in mind that in rural areas, traditional laws are likely to be those most abided by the population. In these systems, women may not tradi- tionally have access to property rights, but rather to user rights through their husbands and families. Should they find themselves widowed, separated or single for any reason, their livelihoods may be threatened unless recourse to traditional\/local authorities is made on their behalf (see also IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":890, "Sentence":"The return of refugees and IDPs along with ex-combatants and associated groups is likely to heighten tensions over land, thereby calling for the need to address these issues early on.Disputes over land and access to natural resources are among the root causes of many conflicts and can prove instrumental in the deterioration of the security situation (see Module 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resource Management).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration return refugee idp along excombatants associated group likely heighten tension land thereby calling need address issue early on.disputes land access natural resource among root cause many conflict prove instrumental deterioration security situation see module 6.30 ddr natural resource management ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"The lack of available land for resettlement has been a major obstacle to successful rein- tegration in several countries, particularly those with high demographic pressure. Land is of critical concern in all components of reintegration ranging from the political to the social and economic spheres (for more information see section 9.5.4. of this module). It is also very closely associated with the definition of one\u2019s identity, and can represent a diffi- cult issue for DDR programme participants in both rural and urban settings. The return of refugees and IDPs along with ex-combatants and associated groups is likely to heighten tensions over land, thereby calling for the need to address these issues early on.Disputes over land and access to natural resources are among the root causes of many conflicts and can prove instrumental in the deterioration of the security situation (see Module 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resource Management). DDR programme planners must take these underlying tensions into account when planning the return, resettlement and reintegration of ex-combatants, as they are often competing with other returnees for access to land. Conducting an early conflict analysis which includes information on his- torical and available dispute mechanisms will assist reintegration planners in identifying the impact, availability and effectiveness of land and property dispute mechanisms. These assessments will also allow DDR programmes to respond to these issues with support to wider initiatives addressing land and access to natural resources and to avoid doing more harm through their interventions.DDR reintegration programmes should seek to support the mediation of housing and land disputes at the local level whenever possible, through support to legal aid groups or other appropriate service providers. Such mechanisms can transform potential conflict scenarios into reconciliation opportunities (e.g. through involving both ex-combatants and community members in finding solutions through mediation and arbitration that are acceptable to all and in line with cultural norms, where appropriate). Women, youth, children and disabled ex-combatants are among the most vulnerable groups with regard to land exclusion and disfranchisement. This not only has direct con- sequences on their livelihoods but also on their social standing within their communities. DDR planners and managers must keep in mind that in rural areas, traditional laws are likely to be those most abided by the population. In these systems, women may not tradi- tionally have access to property rights, but rather to user rights through their husbands and families. Should they find themselves widowed, separated or single for any reason, their livelihoods may be threatened unless recourse to traditional\/local authorities is made on their behalf (see also IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":890, "Sentence":"DDR programme planners must take these underlying tensions into account when planning the return, resettlement and reintegration of ex-combatants, as they are often competing with other returnees for access to land.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ddr programme planner must take underlying tension account planning return resettlement reintegration excombatants often competing returnees access land ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"The lack of available land for resettlement has been a major obstacle to successful rein- tegration in several countries, particularly those with high demographic pressure. Land is of critical concern in all components of reintegration ranging from the political to the social and economic spheres (for more information see section 9.5.4. of this module). It is also very closely associated with the definition of one\u2019s identity, and can represent a diffi- cult issue for DDR programme participants in both rural and urban settings. The return of refugees and IDPs along with ex-combatants and associated groups is likely to heighten tensions over land, thereby calling for the need to address these issues early on.Disputes over land and access to natural resources are among the root causes of many conflicts and can prove instrumental in the deterioration of the security situation (see Module 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resource Management). DDR programme planners must take these underlying tensions into account when planning the return, resettlement and reintegration of ex-combatants, as they are often competing with other returnees for access to land. Conducting an early conflict analysis which includes information on his- torical and available dispute mechanisms will assist reintegration planners in identifying the impact, availability and effectiveness of land and property dispute mechanisms. These assessments will also allow DDR programmes to respond to these issues with support to wider initiatives addressing land and access to natural resources and to avoid doing more harm through their interventions.DDR reintegration programmes should seek to support the mediation of housing and land disputes at the local level whenever possible, through support to legal aid groups or other appropriate service providers. Such mechanisms can transform potential conflict scenarios into reconciliation opportunities (e.g. through involving both ex-combatants and community members in finding solutions through mediation and arbitration that are acceptable to all and in line with cultural norms, where appropriate). Women, youth, children and disabled ex-combatants are among the most vulnerable groups with regard to land exclusion and disfranchisement. This not only has direct con- sequences on their livelihoods but also on their social standing within their communities. DDR planners and managers must keep in mind that in rural areas, traditional laws are likely to be those most abided by the population. In these systems, women may not tradi- tionally have access to property rights, but rather to user rights through their husbands and families. Should they find themselves widowed, separated or single for any reason, their livelihoods may be threatened unless recourse to traditional\/local authorities is made on their behalf (see also IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":890, "Sentence":"Conducting an early conflict analysis which includes information on his- torical and available dispute mechanisms will assist reintegration planners in identifying the impact, availability and effectiveness of land and property dispute mechanisms.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration conducting early conflict analysis includes information torical available dispute mechanism assist reintegration planner identifying impact availability effectiveness land property dispute mechanism ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"The lack of available land for resettlement has been a major obstacle to successful rein- tegration in several countries, particularly those with high demographic pressure. Land is of critical concern in all components of reintegration ranging from the political to the social and economic spheres (for more information see section 9.5.4. of this module). It is also very closely associated with the definition of one\u2019s identity, and can represent a diffi- cult issue for DDR programme participants in both rural and urban settings. The return of refugees and IDPs along with ex-combatants and associated groups is likely to heighten tensions over land, thereby calling for the need to address these issues early on.Disputes over land and access to natural resources are among the root causes of many conflicts and can prove instrumental in the deterioration of the security situation (see Module 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resource Management). DDR programme planners must take these underlying tensions into account when planning the return, resettlement and reintegration of ex-combatants, as they are often competing with other returnees for access to land. Conducting an early conflict analysis which includes information on his- torical and available dispute mechanisms will assist reintegration planners in identifying the impact, availability and effectiveness of land and property dispute mechanisms. These assessments will also allow DDR programmes to respond to these issues with support to wider initiatives addressing land and access to natural resources and to avoid doing more harm through their interventions.DDR reintegration programmes should seek to support the mediation of housing and land disputes at the local level whenever possible, through support to legal aid groups or other appropriate service providers. Such mechanisms can transform potential conflict scenarios into reconciliation opportunities (e.g. through involving both ex-combatants and community members in finding solutions through mediation and arbitration that are acceptable to all and in line with cultural norms, where appropriate). Women, youth, children and disabled ex-combatants are among the most vulnerable groups with regard to land exclusion and disfranchisement. This not only has direct con- sequences on their livelihoods but also on their social standing within their communities. DDR planners and managers must keep in mind that in rural areas, traditional laws are likely to be those most abided by the population. In these systems, women may not tradi- tionally have access to property rights, but rather to user rights through their husbands and families. Should they find themselves widowed, separated or single for any reason, their livelihoods may be threatened unless recourse to traditional\/local authorities is made on their behalf (see also IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":890, "Sentence":"These assessments will also allow DDR programmes to respond to these issues with support to wider initiatives addressing land and access to natural resources and to avoid doing more harm through their interventions.DDR reintegration programmes should seek to support the mediation of housing and land disputes at the local level whenever possible, through support to legal aid groups or other appropriate service providers.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration assessment also allow ddr programme respond issue support wider initiative addressing land access natural resource avoid harm interventions.ddr reintegration programme seek support mediation housing land dispute local level whenever possible support legal aid group appropriate service provider ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"The lack of available land for resettlement has been a major obstacle to successful rein- tegration in several countries, particularly those with high demographic pressure. Land is of critical concern in all components of reintegration ranging from the political to the social and economic spheres (for more information see section 9.5.4. of this module). It is also very closely associated with the definition of one\u2019s identity, and can represent a diffi- cult issue for DDR programme participants in both rural and urban settings. The return of refugees and IDPs along with ex-combatants and associated groups is likely to heighten tensions over land, thereby calling for the need to address these issues early on.Disputes over land and access to natural resources are among the root causes of many conflicts and can prove instrumental in the deterioration of the security situation (see Module 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resource Management). DDR programme planners must take these underlying tensions into account when planning the return, resettlement and reintegration of ex-combatants, as they are often competing with other returnees for access to land. Conducting an early conflict analysis which includes information on his- torical and available dispute mechanisms will assist reintegration planners in identifying the impact, availability and effectiveness of land and property dispute mechanisms. These assessments will also allow DDR programmes to respond to these issues with support to wider initiatives addressing land and access to natural resources and to avoid doing more harm through their interventions.DDR reintegration programmes should seek to support the mediation of housing and land disputes at the local level whenever possible, through support to legal aid groups or other appropriate service providers. Such mechanisms can transform potential conflict scenarios into reconciliation opportunities (e.g. through involving both ex-combatants and community members in finding solutions through mediation and arbitration that are acceptable to all and in line with cultural norms, where appropriate). Women, youth, children and disabled ex-combatants are among the most vulnerable groups with regard to land exclusion and disfranchisement. This not only has direct con- sequences on their livelihoods but also on their social standing within their communities. DDR planners and managers must keep in mind that in rural areas, traditional laws are likely to be those most abided by the population. In these systems, women may not tradi- tionally have access to property rights, but rather to user rights through their husbands and families. Should they find themselves widowed, separated or single for any reason, their livelihoods may be threatened unless recourse to traditional\/local authorities is made on their behalf (see also IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":890, "Sentence":"Such mechanisms can transform potential conflict scenarios into reconciliation opportunities (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration mechanism transform potential conflict scenario reconciliation opportunity e.g ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"The lack of available land for resettlement has been a major obstacle to successful rein- tegration in several countries, particularly those with high demographic pressure. Land is of critical concern in all components of reintegration ranging from the political to the social and economic spheres (for more information see section 9.5.4. of this module). It is also very closely associated with the definition of one\u2019s identity, and can represent a diffi- cult issue for DDR programme participants in both rural and urban settings. The return of refugees and IDPs along with ex-combatants and associated groups is likely to heighten tensions over land, thereby calling for the need to address these issues early on.Disputes over land and access to natural resources are among the root causes of many conflicts and can prove instrumental in the deterioration of the security situation (see Module 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resource Management). DDR programme planners must take these underlying tensions into account when planning the return, resettlement and reintegration of ex-combatants, as they are often competing with other returnees for access to land. Conducting an early conflict analysis which includes information on his- torical and available dispute mechanisms will assist reintegration planners in identifying the impact, availability and effectiveness of land and property dispute mechanisms. These assessments will also allow DDR programmes to respond to these issues with support to wider initiatives addressing land and access to natural resources and to avoid doing more harm through their interventions.DDR reintegration programmes should seek to support the mediation of housing and land disputes at the local level whenever possible, through support to legal aid groups or other appropriate service providers. Such mechanisms can transform potential conflict scenarios into reconciliation opportunities (e.g. through involving both ex-combatants and community members in finding solutions through mediation and arbitration that are acceptable to all and in line with cultural norms, where appropriate). Women, youth, children and disabled ex-combatants are among the most vulnerable groups with regard to land exclusion and disfranchisement. This not only has direct con- sequences on their livelihoods but also on their social standing within their communities. DDR planners and managers must keep in mind that in rural areas, traditional laws are likely to be those most abided by the population. In these systems, women may not tradi- tionally have access to property rights, but rather to user rights through their husbands and families. Should they find themselves widowed, separated or single for any reason, their livelihoods may be threatened unless recourse to traditional\/local authorities is made on their behalf (see also IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":890, "Sentence":"through involving both ex-combatants and community members in finding solutions through mediation and arbitration that are acceptable to all and in line with cultural norms, where appropriate).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration involving excombatants community member finding solution mediation arbitration acceptable line cultural norm appropriate ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"The lack of available land for resettlement has been a major obstacle to successful rein- tegration in several countries, particularly those with high demographic pressure. Land is of critical concern in all components of reintegration ranging from the political to the social and economic spheres (for more information see section 9.5.4. of this module). It is also very closely associated with the definition of one\u2019s identity, and can represent a diffi- cult issue for DDR programme participants in both rural and urban settings. The return of refugees and IDPs along with ex-combatants and associated groups is likely to heighten tensions over land, thereby calling for the need to address these issues early on.Disputes over land and access to natural resources are among the root causes of many conflicts and can prove instrumental in the deterioration of the security situation (see Module 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resource Management). DDR programme planners must take these underlying tensions into account when planning the return, resettlement and reintegration of ex-combatants, as they are often competing with other returnees for access to land. Conducting an early conflict analysis which includes information on his- torical and available dispute mechanisms will assist reintegration planners in identifying the impact, availability and effectiveness of land and property dispute mechanisms. These assessments will also allow DDR programmes to respond to these issues with support to wider initiatives addressing land and access to natural resources and to avoid doing more harm through their interventions.DDR reintegration programmes should seek to support the mediation of housing and land disputes at the local level whenever possible, through support to legal aid groups or other appropriate service providers. Such mechanisms can transform potential conflict scenarios into reconciliation opportunities (e.g. through involving both ex-combatants and community members in finding solutions through mediation and arbitration that are acceptable to all and in line with cultural norms, where appropriate). Women, youth, children and disabled ex-combatants are among the most vulnerable groups with regard to land exclusion and disfranchisement. This not only has direct con- sequences on their livelihoods but also on their social standing within their communities. DDR planners and managers must keep in mind that in rural areas, traditional laws are likely to be those most abided by the population. In these systems, women may not tradi- tionally have access to property rights, but rather to user rights through their husbands and families. Should they find themselves widowed, separated or single for any reason, their livelihoods may be threatened unless recourse to traditional\/local authorities is made on their behalf (see also IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":890, "Sentence":"Women, youth, children and disabled ex-combatants are among the most vulnerable groups with regard to land exclusion and disfranchisement.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration woman youth child disabled excombatants among vulnerable group regard land exclusion disfranchisement ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"The lack of available land for resettlement has been a major obstacle to successful rein- tegration in several countries, particularly those with high demographic pressure. Land is of critical concern in all components of reintegration ranging from the political to the social and economic spheres (for more information see section 9.5.4. of this module). It is also very closely associated with the definition of one\u2019s identity, and can represent a diffi- cult issue for DDR programme participants in both rural and urban settings. The return of refugees and IDPs along with ex-combatants and associated groups is likely to heighten tensions over land, thereby calling for the need to address these issues early on.Disputes over land and access to natural resources are among the root causes of many conflicts and can prove instrumental in the deterioration of the security situation (see Module 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resource Management). DDR programme planners must take these underlying tensions into account when planning the return, resettlement and reintegration of ex-combatants, as they are often competing with other returnees for access to land. Conducting an early conflict analysis which includes information on his- torical and available dispute mechanisms will assist reintegration planners in identifying the impact, availability and effectiveness of land and property dispute mechanisms. These assessments will also allow DDR programmes to respond to these issues with support to wider initiatives addressing land and access to natural resources and to avoid doing more harm through their interventions.DDR reintegration programmes should seek to support the mediation of housing and land disputes at the local level whenever possible, through support to legal aid groups or other appropriate service providers. Such mechanisms can transform potential conflict scenarios into reconciliation opportunities (e.g. through involving both ex-combatants and community members in finding solutions through mediation and arbitration that are acceptable to all and in line with cultural norms, where appropriate). Women, youth, children and disabled ex-combatants are among the most vulnerable groups with regard to land exclusion and disfranchisement. This not only has direct con- sequences on their livelihoods but also on their social standing within their communities. DDR planners and managers must keep in mind that in rural areas, traditional laws are likely to be those most abided by the population. In these systems, women may not tradi- tionally have access to property rights, but rather to user rights through their husbands and families. Should they find themselves widowed, separated or single for any reason, their livelihoods may be threatened unless recourse to traditional\/local authorities is made on their behalf (see also IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":890, "Sentence":"This not only has direct con- sequences on their livelihoods but also on their social standing within their communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration direct con sequence livelihood also social standing within community ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"The lack of available land for resettlement has been a major obstacle to successful rein- tegration in several countries, particularly those with high demographic pressure. Land is of critical concern in all components of reintegration ranging from the political to the social and economic spheres (for more information see section 9.5.4. of this module). It is also very closely associated with the definition of one\u2019s identity, and can represent a diffi- cult issue for DDR programme participants in both rural and urban settings. The return of refugees and IDPs along with ex-combatants and associated groups is likely to heighten tensions over land, thereby calling for the need to address these issues early on.Disputes over land and access to natural resources are among the root causes of many conflicts and can prove instrumental in the deterioration of the security situation (see Module 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resource Management). DDR programme planners must take these underlying tensions into account when planning the return, resettlement and reintegration of ex-combatants, as they are often competing with other returnees for access to land. Conducting an early conflict analysis which includes information on his- torical and available dispute mechanisms will assist reintegration planners in identifying the impact, availability and effectiveness of land and property dispute mechanisms. These assessments will also allow DDR programmes to respond to these issues with support to wider initiatives addressing land and access to natural resources and to avoid doing more harm through their interventions.DDR reintegration programmes should seek to support the mediation of housing and land disputes at the local level whenever possible, through support to legal aid groups or other appropriate service providers. Such mechanisms can transform potential conflict scenarios into reconciliation opportunities (e.g. through involving both ex-combatants and community members in finding solutions through mediation and arbitration that are acceptable to all and in line with cultural norms, where appropriate). Women, youth, children and disabled ex-combatants are among the most vulnerable groups with regard to land exclusion and disfranchisement. This not only has direct con- sequences on their livelihoods but also on their social standing within their communities. DDR planners and managers must keep in mind that in rural areas, traditional laws are likely to be those most abided by the population. In these systems, women may not tradi- tionally have access to property rights, but rather to user rights through their husbands and families. Should they find themselves widowed, separated or single for any reason, their livelihoods may be threatened unless recourse to traditional\/local authorities is made on their behalf (see also IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":890, "Sentence":"DDR planners and managers must keep in mind that in rural areas, traditional laws are likely to be those most abided by the population.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ddr planner manager must keep mind rural area traditional law likely abided population ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"The lack of available land for resettlement has been a major obstacle to successful rein- tegration in several countries, particularly those with high demographic pressure. Land is of critical concern in all components of reintegration ranging from the political to the social and economic spheres (for more information see section 9.5.4. of this module). It is also very closely associated with the definition of one\u2019s identity, and can represent a diffi- cult issue for DDR programme participants in both rural and urban settings. The return of refugees and IDPs along with ex-combatants and associated groups is likely to heighten tensions over land, thereby calling for the need to address these issues early on.Disputes over land and access to natural resources are among the root causes of many conflicts and can prove instrumental in the deterioration of the security situation (see Module 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resource Management). DDR programme planners must take these underlying tensions into account when planning the return, resettlement and reintegration of ex-combatants, as they are often competing with other returnees for access to land. Conducting an early conflict analysis which includes information on his- torical and available dispute mechanisms will assist reintegration planners in identifying the impact, availability and effectiveness of land and property dispute mechanisms. These assessments will also allow DDR programmes to respond to these issues with support to wider initiatives addressing land and access to natural resources and to avoid doing more harm through their interventions.DDR reintegration programmes should seek to support the mediation of housing and land disputes at the local level whenever possible, through support to legal aid groups or other appropriate service providers. Such mechanisms can transform potential conflict scenarios into reconciliation opportunities (e.g. through involving both ex-combatants and community members in finding solutions through mediation and arbitration that are acceptable to all and in line with cultural norms, where appropriate). Women, youth, children and disabled ex-combatants are among the most vulnerable groups with regard to land exclusion and disfranchisement. This not only has direct con- sequences on their livelihoods but also on their social standing within their communities. DDR planners and managers must keep in mind that in rural areas, traditional laws are likely to be those most abided by the population. In these systems, women may not tradi- tionally have access to property rights, but rather to user rights through their husbands and families. Should they find themselves widowed, separated or single for any reason, their livelihoods may be threatened unless recourse to traditional\/local authorities is made on their behalf (see also IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":890, "Sentence":"In these systems, women may not tradi- tionally have access to property rights, but rather to user rights through their husbands and families.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration system woman may tradi tionally access property right rather user right husband family ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"The lack of available land for resettlement has been a major obstacle to successful rein- tegration in several countries, particularly those with high demographic pressure. Land is of critical concern in all components of reintegration ranging from the political to the social and economic spheres (for more information see section 9.5.4. of this module). It is also very closely associated with the definition of one\u2019s identity, and can represent a diffi- cult issue for DDR programme participants in both rural and urban settings. The return of refugees and IDPs along with ex-combatants and associated groups is likely to heighten tensions over land, thereby calling for the need to address these issues early on.Disputes over land and access to natural resources are among the root causes of many conflicts and can prove instrumental in the deterioration of the security situation (see Module 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resource Management). DDR programme planners must take these underlying tensions into account when planning the return, resettlement and reintegration of ex-combatants, as they are often competing with other returnees for access to land. Conducting an early conflict analysis which includes information on his- torical and available dispute mechanisms will assist reintegration planners in identifying the impact, availability and effectiveness of land and property dispute mechanisms. These assessments will also allow DDR programmes to respond to these issues with support to wider initiatives addressing land and access to natural resources and to avoid doing more harm through their interventions.DDR reintegration programmes should seek to support the mediation of housing and land disputes at the local level whenever possible, through support to legal aid groups or other appropriate service providers. Such mechanisms can transform potential conflict scenarios into reconciliation opportunities (e.g. through involving both ex-combatants and community members in finding solutions through mediation and arbitration that are acceptable to all and in line with cultural norms, where appropriate). Women, youth, children and disabled ex-combatants are among the most vulnerable groups with regard to land exclusion and disfranchisement. This not only has direct con- sequences on their livelihoods but also on their social standing within their communities. DDR planners and managers must keep in mind that in rural areas, traditional laws are likely to be those most abided by the population. In these systems, women may not tradi- tionally have access to property rights, but rather to user rights through their husbands and families. Should they find themselves widowed, separated or single for any reason, their livelihoods may be threatened unless recourse to traditional\/local authorities is made on their behalf (see also IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":890, "Sentence":"Should they find themselves widowed, separated or single for any reason, their livelihoods may be threatened unless recourse to traditional\/local authorities is made on their behalf (see also IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration find widowed separated single reason livelihood may threatened unless recourse traditional\/local authority made behalf see also iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"The widespread presence of psychosocial problems among ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups has only recently been recognized as a serious obstacle to successful reintegration. Research has begun to reveal that reconciliation and peacebuilding is impeded if a critical mass of individuals (including both ex-combatants and civilians) is affected by psychological concerns.Ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups have often been exposed to extreme and repeated traumatic events and stress, especially long-term recruits and children formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Such exposure can have a severe negative impact on the mental health of ex-combatants and is directly related to the development of psychopathology and bodily illness. This can lead to emotional-, social-, occupational- and\/or educational-impairment of functioning on several levels.At the individual level, repeated exposure to traumatic events can lead to post-trau- matic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol and substance abuse, as well as depression (including suicidal tendencies). At the interpersonal level, affected ex-combatants may struggle in their personal relationships, as well as face difficulties adjusting to changes in societal roles and concepts of identity. Persons affected by trauma-spectrum disorders also dis- play an increased vulnerability to contract infectious diseases and have a heightened risk to develop chronic diseases. In studies, individuals suffering from trauma-related symp- toms have shown greater tendencies towards aggression, hostility and acting out against both self and others \u2013 a significant impediment to efforts at reconciliation and peace.Severely psychologically-affected ex-combatants and other vulnerable groups should be identified as early as possible through screening tools within the DDR pro- gramme and referred to psychological services. If these ex-combatants do not receive adequate psychosocial care, they face an extraordinarily high risk of failing in their reintegration. Unfortunately, insufficient availability, adequacy and access to mental health services and social support for ex-combatants, and other vulnerable groups in post-war communities, continues to prove a huge problem during DDR. Given the great risks posed by psychologically-affected participants, reintegration programmes should seek to prioritize psychological and physical health rehabilitation as a key measure to successful reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":891, "Sentence":"The widespread presence of psychosocial problems among ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups has only recently been recognized as a serious obstacle to successful reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration widespread presence psychosocial problem among excombatants associated armed force group recently recognized serious obstacle successful reintegration ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"The widespread presence of psychosocial problems among ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups has only recently been recognized as a serious obstacle to successful reintegration. Research has begun to reveal that reconciliation and peacebuilding is impeded if a critical mass of individuals (including both ex-combatants and civilians) is affected by psychological concerns.Ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups have often been exposed to extreme and repeated traumatic events and stress, especially long-term recruits and children formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Such exposure can have a severe negative impact on the mental health of ex-combatants and is directly related to the development of psychopathology and bodily illness. This can lead to emotional-, social-, occupational- and\/or educational-impairment of functioning on several levels.At the individual level, repeated exposure to traumatic events can lead to post-trau- matic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol and substance abuse, as well as depression (including suicidal tendencies). At the interpersonal level, affected ex-combatants may struggle in their personal relationships, as well as face difficulties adjusting to changes in societal roles and concepts of identity. Persons affected by trauma-spectrum disorders also dis- play an increased vulnerability to contract infectious diseases and have a heightened risk to develop chronic diseases. In studies, individuals suffering from trauma-related symp- toms have shown greater tendencies towards aggression, hostility and acting out against both self and others \u2013 a significant impediment to efforts at reconciliation and peace.Severely psychologically-affected ex-combatants and other vulnerable groups should be identified as early as possible through screening tools within the DDR pro- gramme and referred to psychological services. If these ex-combatants do not receive adequate psychosocial care, they face an extraordinarily high risk of failing in their reintegration. Unfortunately, insufficient availability, adequacy and access to mental health services and social support for ex-combatants, and other vulnerable groups in post-war communities, continues to prove a huge problem during DDR. Given the great risks posed by psychologically-affected participants, reintegration programmes should seek to prioritize psychological and physical health rehabilitation as a key measure to successful reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":891, "Sentence":"Research has begun to reveal that reconciliation and peacebuilding is impeded if a critical mass of individuals (including both ex-combatants and civilians) is affected by psychological concerns.Ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups have often been exposed to extreme and repeated traumatic events and stress, especially long-term recruits and children formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration research begun reveal reconciliation peacebuilding impeded critical mass individual including excombatants civilian affected psychological concerns.excombatants associated armed force group often exposed extreme repeated traumatic event stress especially longterm recruit child formerly associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"The widespread presence of psychosocial problems among ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups has only recently been recognized as a serious obstacle to successful reintegration. Research has begun to reveal that reconciliation and peacebuilding is impeded if a critical mass of individuals (including both ex-combatants and civilians) is affected by psychological concerns.Ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups have often been exposed to extreme and repeated traumatic events and stress, especially long-term recruits and children formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Such exposure can have a severe negative impact on the mental health of ex-combatants and is directly related to the development of psychopathology and bodily illness. This can lead to emotional-, social-, occupational- and\/or educational-impairment of functioning on several levels.At the individual level, repeated exposure to traumatic events can lead to post-trau- matic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol and substance abuse, as well as depression (including suicidal tendencies). At the interpersonal level, affected ex-combatants may struggle in their personal relationships, as well as face difficulties adjusting to changes in societal roles and concepts of identity. Persons affected by trauma-spectrum disorders also dis- play an increased vulnerability to contract infectious diseases and have a heightened risk to develop chronic diseases. In studies, individuals suffering from trauma-related symp- toms have shown greater tendencies towards aggression, hostility and acting out against both self and others \u2013 a significant impediment to efforts at reconciliation and peace.Severely psychologically-affected ex-combatants and other vulnerable groups should be identified as early as possible through screening tools within the DDR pro- gramme and referred to psychological services. If these ex-combatants do not receive adequate psychosocial care, they face an extraordinarily high risk of failing in their reintegration. Unfortunately, insufficient availability, adequacy and access to mental health services and social support for ex-combatants, and other vulnerable groups in post-war communities, continues to prove a huge problem during DDR. Given the great risks posed by psychologically-affected participants, reintegration programmes should seek to prioritize psychological and physical health rehabilitation as a key measure to successful reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":891, "Sentence":"Such exposure can have a severe negative impact on the mental health of ex-combatants and is directly related to the development of psychopathology and bodily illness.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration exposure severe negative impact mental health excombatants directly related development psychopathology bodily illness ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"The widespread presence of psychosocial problems among ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups has only recently been recognized as a serious obstacle to successful reintegration. Research has begun to reveal that reconciliation and peacebuilding is impeded if a critical mass of individuals (including both ex-combatants and civilians) is affected by psychological concerns.Ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups have often been exposed to extreme and repeated traumatic events and stress, especially long-term recruits and children formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Such exposure can have a severe negative impact on the mental health of ex-combatants and is directly related to the development of psychopathology and bodily illness. This can lead to emotional-, social-, occupational- and\/or educational-impairment of functioning on several levels.At the individual level, repeated exposure to traumatic events can lead to post-trau- matic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol and substance abuse, as well as depression (including suicidal tendencies). At the interpersonal level, affected ex-combatants may struggle in their personal relationships, as well as face difficulties adjusting to changes in societal roles and concepts of identity. Persons affected by trauma-spectrum disorders also dis- play an increased vulnerability to contract infectious diseases and have a heightened risk to develop chronic diseases. In studies, individuals suffering from trauma-related symp- toms have shown greater tendencies towards aggression, hostility and acting out against both self and others \u2013 a significant impediment to efforts at reconciliation and peace.Severely psychologically-affected ex-combatants and other vulnerable groups should be identified as early as possible through screening tools within the DDR pro- gramme and referred to psychological services. If these ex-combatants do not receive adequate psychosocial care, they face an extraordinarily high risk of failing in their reintegration. Unfortunately, insufficient availability, adequacy and access to mental health services and social support for ex-combatants, and other vulnerable groups in post-war communities, continues to prove a huge problem during DDR. Given the great risks posed by psychologically-affected participants, reintegration programmes should seek to prioritize psychological and physical health rehabilitation as a key measure to successful reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":891, "Sentence":"This can lead to emotional-, social-, occupational- and\/or educational-impairment of functioning on several levels.At the individual level, repeated exposure to traumatic events can lead to post-trau- matic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol and substance abuse, as well as depression (including suicidal tendencies).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration lead emotional social occupational and\/or educationalimpairment functioning several levels.at individual level repeated exposure traumatic event lead posttrau matic stress disorder ptsd alcohol substance abuse well depression including suicidal tendency ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"The widespread presence of psychosocial problems among ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups has only recently been recognized as a serious obstacle to successful reintegration. Research has begun to reveal that reconciliation and peacebuilding is impeded if a critical mass of individuals (including both ex-combatants and civilians) is affected by psychological concerns.Ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups have often been exposed to extreme and repeated traumatic events and stress, especially long-term recruits and children formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Such exposure can have a severe negative impact on the mental health of ex-combatants and is directly related to the development of psychopathology and bodily illness. This can lead to emotional-, social-, occupational- and\/or educational-impairment of functioning on several levels.At the individual level, repeated exposure to traumatic events can lead to post-trau- matic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol and substance abuse, as well as depression (including suicidal tendencies). At the interpersonal level, affected ex-combatants may struggle in their personal relationships, as well as face difficulties adjusting to changes in societal roles and concepts of identity. Persons affected by trauma-spectrum disorders also dis- play an increased vulnerability to contract infectious diseases and have a heightened risk to develop chronic diseases. In studies, individuals suffering from trauma-related symp- toms have shown greater tendencies towards aggression, hostility and acting out against both self and others \u2013 a significant impediment to efforts at reconciliation and peace.Severely psychologically-affected ex-combatants and other vulnerable groups should be identified as early as possible through screening tools within the DDR pro- gramme and referred to psychological services. If these ex-combatants do not receive adequate psychosocial care, they face an extraordinarily high risk of failing in their reintegration. Unfortunately, insufficient availability, adequacy and access to mental health services and social support for ex-combatants, and other vulnerable groups in post-war communities, continues to prove a huge problem during DDR. Given the great risks posed by psychologically-affected participants, reintegration programmes should seek to prioritize psychological and physical health rehabilitation as a key measure to successful reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":891, "Sentence":"At the interpersonal level, affected ex-combatants may struggle in their personal relationships, as well as face difficulties adjusting to changes in societal roles and concepts of identity.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration interpersonal level affected excombatants may struggle personal relationship well face difficulty adjusting change societal role concept identity ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"The widespread presence of psychosocial problems among ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups has only recently been recognized as a serious obstacle to successful reintegration. Research has begun to reveal that reconciliation and peacebuilding is impeded if a critical mass of individuals (including both ex-combatants and civilians) is affected by psychological concerns.Ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups have often been exposed to extreme and repeated traumatic events and stress, especially long-term recruits and children formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Such exposure can have a severe negative impact on the mental health of ex-combatants and is directly related to the development of psychopathology and bodily illness. This can lead to emotional-, social-, occupational- and\/or educational-impairment of functioning on several levels.At the individual level, repeated exposure to traumatic events can lead to post-trau- matic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol and substance abuse, as well as depression (including suicidal tendencies). At the interpersonal level, affected ex-combatants may struggle in their personal relationships, as well as face difficulties adjusting to changes in societal roles and concepts of identity. Persons affected by trauma-spectrum disorders also dis- play an increased vulnerability to contract infectious diseases and have a heightened risk to develop chronic diseases. In studies, individuals suffering from trauma-related symp- toms have shown greater tendencies towards aggression, hostility and acting out against both self and others \u2013 a significant impediment to efforts at reconciliation and peace.Severely psychologically-affected ex-combatants and other vulnerable groups should be identified as early as possible through screening tools within the DDR pro- gramme and referred to psychological services. If these ex-combatants do not receive adequate psychosocial care, they face an extraordinarily high risk of failing in their reintegration. Unfortunately, insufficient availability, adequacy and access to mental health services and social support for ex-combatants, and other vulnerable groups in post-war communities, continues to prove a huge problem during DDR. Given the great risks posed by psychologically-affected participants, reintegration programmes should seek to prioritize psychological and physical health rehabilitation as a key measure to successful reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":891, "Sentence":"Persons affected by trauma-spectrum disorders also dis- play an increased vulnerability to contract infectious diseases and have a heightened risk to develop chronic diseases.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration person affected traumaspectrum disorder also dis play increased vulnerability contract infectious disease heightened risk develop chronic disease ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"The widespread presence of psychosocial problems among ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups has only recently been recognized as a serious obstacle to successful reintegration. Research has begun to reveal that reconciliation and peacebuilding is impeded if a critical mass of individuals (including both ex-combatants and civilians) is affected by psychological concerns.Ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups have often been exposed to extreme and repeated traumatic events and stress, especially long-term recruits and children formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Such exposure can have a severe negative impact on the mental health of ex-combatants and is directly related to the development of psychopathology and bodily illness. This can lead to emotional-, social-, occupational- and\/or educational-impairment of functioning on several levels.At the individual level, repeated exposure to traumatic events can lead to post-trau- matic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol and substance abuse, as well as depression (including suicidal tendencies). At the interpersonal level, affected ex-combatants may struggle in their personal relationships, as well as face difficulties adjusting to changes in societal roles and concepts of identity. Persons affected by trauma-spectrum disorders also dis- play an increased vulnerability to contract infectious diseases and have a heightened risk to develop chronic diseases. In studies, individuals suffering from trauma-related symp- toms have shown greater tendencies towards aggression, hostility and acting out against both self and others \u2013 a significant impediment to efforts at reconciliation and peace.Severely psychologically-affected ex-combatants and other vulnerable groups should be identified as early as possible through screening tools within the DDR pro- gramme and referred to psychological services. If these ex-combatants do not receive adequate psychosocial care, they face an extraordinarily high risk of failing in their reintegration. Unfortunately, insufficient availability, adequacy and access to mental health services and social support for ex-combatants, and other vulnerable groups in post-war communities, continues to prove a huge problem during DDR. Given the great risks posed by psychologically-affected participants, reintegration programmes should seek to prioritize psychological and physical health rehabilitation as a key measure to successful reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":891, "Sentence":"In studies, individuals suffering from trauma-related symp- toms have shown greater tendencies towards aggression, hostility and acting out against both self and others \u2013 a significant impediment to efforts at reconciliation and peace.Severely psychologically-affected ex-combatants and other vulnerable groups should be identified as early as possible through screening tools within the DDR pro- gramme and referred to psychological services.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration study individual suffering traumarelated symp tom shown greater tendency towards aggression hostility acting self others \u2013 significant impediment effort reconciliation peace.severely psychologicallyaffected excombatants vulnerable group identified early possible screening tool within ddr pro gramme referred psychological service ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"The widespread presence of psychosocial problems among ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups has only recently been recognized as a serious obstacle to successful reintegration. Research has begun to reveal that reconciliation and peacebuilding is impeded if a critical mass of individuals (including both ex-combatants and civilians) is affected by psychological concerns.Ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups have often been exposed to extreme and repeated traumatic events and stress, especially long-term recruits and children formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Such exposure can have a severe negative impact on the mental health of ex-combatants and is directly related to the development of psychopathology and bodily illness. This can lead to emotional-, social-, occupational- and\/or educational-impairment of functioning on several levels.At the individual level, repeated exposure to traumatic events can lead to post-trau- matic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol and substance abuse, as well as depression (including suicidal tendencies). At the interpersonal level, affected ex-combatants may struggle in their personal relationships, as well as face difficulties adjusting to changes in societal roles and concepts of identity. Persons affected by trauma-spectrum disorders also dis- play an increased vulnerability to contract infectious diseases and have a heightened risk to develop chronic diseases. In studies, individuals suffering from trauma-related symp- toms have shown greater tendencies towards aggression, hostility and acting out against both self and others \u2013 a significant impediment to efforts at reconciliation and peace.Severely psychologically-affected ex-combatants and other vulnerable groups should be identified as early as possible through screening tools within the DDR pro- gramme and referred to psychological services. If these ex-combatants do not receive adequate psychosocial care, they face an extraordinarily high risk of failing in their reintegration. Unfortunately, insufficient availability, adequacy and access to mental health services and social support for ex-combatants, and other vulnerable groups in post-war communities, continues to prove a huge problem during DDR. Given the great risks posed by psychologically-affected participants, reintegration programmes should seek to prioritize psychological and physical health rehabilitation as a key measure to successful reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":891, "Sentence":"If these ex-combatants do not receive adequate psychosocial care, they face an extraordinarily high risk of failing in their reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration excombatants receive adequate psychosocial care face extraordinarily high risk failing reintegration ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"The widespread presence of psychosocial problems among ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups has only recently been recognized as a serious obstacle to successful reintegration. Research has begun to reveal that reconciliation and peacebuilding is impeded if a critical mass of individuals (including both ex-combatants and civilians) is affected by psychological concerns.Ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups have often been exposed to extreme and repeated traumatic events and stress, especially long-term recruits and children formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Such exposure can have a severe negative impact on the mental health of ex-combatants and is directly related to the development of psychopathology and bodily illness. This can lead to emotional-, social-, occupational- and\/or educational-impairment of functioning on several levels.At the individual level, repeated exposure to traumatic events can lead to post-trau- matic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol and substance abuse, as well as depression (including suicidal tendencies). At the interpersonal level, affected ex-combatants may struggle in their personal relationships, as well as face difficulties adjusting to changes in societal roles and concepts of identity. Persons affected by trauma-spectrum disorders also dis- play an increased vulnerability to contract infectious diseases and have a heightened risk to develop chronic diseases. In studies, individuals suffering from trauma-related symp- toms have shown greater tendencies towards aggression, hostility and acting out against both self and others \u2013 a significant impediment to efforts at reconciliation and peace.Severely psychologically-affected ex-combatants and other vulnerable groups should be identified as early as possible through screening tools within the DDR pro- gramme and referred to psychological services. If these ex-combatants do not receive adequate psychosocial care, they face an extraordinarily high risk of failing in their reintegration. Unfortunately, insufficient availability, adequacy and access to mental health services and social support for ex-combatants, and other vulnerable groups in post-war communities, continues to prove a huge problem during DDR. Given the great risks posed by psychologically-affected participants, reintegration programmes should seek to prioritize psychological and physical health rehabilitation as a key measure to successful reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":891, "Sentence":"Unfortunately, insufficient availability, adequacy and access to mental health services and social support for ex-combatants, and other vulnerable groups in post-war communities, continues to prove a huge problem during DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration unfortunately insufficient availability adequacy access mental health service social support excombatants vulnerable group postwar community continues prove huge problem ddr ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"The widespread presence of psychosocial problems among ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups has only recently been recognized as a serious obstacle to successful reintegration. Research has begun to reveal that reconciliation and peacebuilding is impeded if a critical mass of individuals (including both ex-combatants and civilians) is affected by psychological concerns.Ex-combatants and those associated with armed forces and groups have often been exposed to extreme and repeated traumatic events and stress, especially long-term recruits and children formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Such exposure can have a severe negative impact on the mental health of ex-combatants and is directly related to the development of psychopathology and bodily illness. This can lead to emotional-, social-, occupational- and\/or educational-impairment of functioning on several levels.At the individual level, repeated exposure to traumatic events can lead to post-trau- matic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol and substance abuse, as well as depression (including suicidal tendencies). At the interpersonal level, affected ex-combatants may struggle in their personal relationships, as well as face difficulties adjusting to changes in societal roles and concepts of identity. Persons affected by trauma-spectrum disorders also dis- play an increased vulnerability to contract infectious diseases and have a heightened risk to develop chronic diseases. In studies, individuals suffering from trauma-related symp- toms have shown greater tendencies towards aggression, hostility and acting out against both self and others \u2013 a significant impediment to efforts at reconciliation and peace.Severely psychologically-affected ex-combatants and other vulnerable groups should be identified as early as possible through screening tools within the DDR pro- gramme and referred to psychological services. If these ex-combatants do not receive adequate psychosocial care, they face an extraordinarily high risk of failing in their reintegration. Unfortunately, insufficient availability, adequacy and access to mental health services and social support for ex-combatants, and other vulnerable groups in post-war communities, continues to prove a huge problem during DDR. Given the great risks posed by psychologically-affected participants, reintegration programmes should seek to prioritize psychological and physical health rehabilitation as a key measure to successful reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":891, "Sentence":"Given the great risks posed by psychologically-affected participants, reintegration programmes should seek to prioritize psychological and physical health rehabilitation as a key measure to successful reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration given great risk posed psychologicallyaffected participant reintegration programme seek prioritize psychological physical health rehabilitation key measure successful reintegration ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.1. Screening for mental health", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, the psychosocial component of DDR programmes should offer an initial screening of ex-combatants as well as regular basic counseling where needed. A screen- ing procedure can be carried out by trained local staff to identify ex-combatants who are in need of special assistance. Early screening will not only aid psychologically-affected ex-combatants, but it will makes it possible to establish which participants are unlikely to benefit from more standard reintegration options. Providing more specialized options for this group will save valuable resources, and even more importantly, it will spare par- ticipants from the frustrating experience of not being able to fully engage in trainings or make use of economic support in the way healthier participants might.Following the screening process, ex-combatants who show clear signs of mental ill- health should, at a minimum, receive continuous basic counseling. This counseling must take place on a regular basis and allow for continuous contact with the affected ex-com- batants. As with screening, this basic counseling can be carried out by locally-trained DDR programme staff, and\/or trained community professionals such as social workers, teachers or nurses.DDR programmes will likely encounter a number of ex-combatants suffering from full-blown trauma-spectrum disorders. These disorders cannot be treated through basic counseling and should be referred to psychological experts. In field settings, using narra- tive exposure therapy may be an option.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":892, "Sentence":"At a minimum, the psychosocial component of DDR programmes should offer an initial screening of ex-combatants as well as regular basic counseling where needed.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration minimum psychosocial component ddr programme offer initial screening excombatants well regular basic counseling needed ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.1. Screening for mental health", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, the psychosocial component of DDR programmes should offer an initial screening of ex-combatants as well as regular basic counseling where needed. A screen- ing procedure can be carried out by trained local staff to identify ex-combatants who are in need of special assistance. Early screening will not only aid psychologically-affected ex-combatants, but it will makes it possible to establish which participants are unlikely to benefit from more standard reintegration options. Providing more specialized options for this group will save valuable resources, and even more importantly, it will spare par- ticipants from the frustrating experience of not being able to fully engage in trainings or make use of economic support in the way healthier participants might.Following the screening process, ex-combatants who show clear signs of mental ill- health should, at a minimum, receive continuous basic counseling. This counseling must take place on a regular basis and allow for continuous contact with the affected ex-com- batants. As with screening, this basic counseling can be carried out by locally-trained DDR programme staff, and\/or trained community professionals such as social workers, teachers or nurses.DDR programmes will likely encounter a number of ex-combatants suffering from full-blown trauma-spectrum disorders. These disorders cannot be treated through basic counseling and should be referred to psychological experts. In field settings, using narra- tive exposure therapy may be an option.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":892, "Sentence":"A screen- ing procedure can be carried out by trained local staff to identify ex-combatants who are in need of special assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration screen ing procedure carried trained local staff identify excombatants need special assistance ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.1. Screening for mental health", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, the psychosocial component of DDR programmes should offer an initial screening of ex-combatants as well as regular basic counseling where needed. A screen- ing procedure can be carried out by trained local staff to identify ex-combatants who are in need of special assistance. Early screening will not only aid psychologically-affected ex-combatants, but it will makes it possible to establish which participants are unlikely to benefit from more standard reintegration options. Providing more specialized options for this group will save valuable resources, and even more importantly, it will spare par- ticipants from the frustrating experience of not being able to fully engage in trainings or make use of economic support in the way healthier participants might.Following the screening process, ex-combatants who show clear signs of mental ill- health should, at a minimum, receive continuous basic counseling. This counseling must take place on a regular basis and allow for continuous contact with the affected ex-com- batants. As with screening, this basic counseling can be carried out by locally-trained DDR programme staff, and\/or trained community professionals such as social workers, teachers or nurses.DDR programmes will likely encounter a number of ex-combatants suffering from full-blown trauma-spectrum disorders. These disorders cannot be treated through basic counseling and should be referred to psychological experts. In field settings, using narra- tive exposure therapy may be an option.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":892, "Sentence":"Early screening will not only aid psychologically-affected ex-combatants, but it will makes it possible to establish which participants are unlikely to benefit from more standard reintegration options.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration early screening aid psychologicallyaffected excombatants make possible establish participant unlikely benefit standard reintegration option ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.1. Screening for mental health", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, the psychosocial component of DDR programmes should offer an initial screening of ex-combatants as well as regular basic counseling where needed. A screen- ing procedure can be carried out by trained local staff to identify ex-combatants who are in need of special assistance. Early screening will not only aid psychologically-affected ex-combatants, but it will makes it possible to establish which participants are unlikely to benefit from more standard reintegration options. Providing more specialized options for this group will save valuable resources, and even more importantly, it will spare par- ticipants from the frustrating experience of not being able to fully engage in trainings or make use of economic support in the way healthier participants might.Following the screening process, ex-combatants who show clear signs of mental ill- health should, at a minimum, receive continuous basic counseling. This counseling must take place on a regular basis and allow for continuous contact with the affected ex-com- batants. As with screening, this basic counseling can be carried out by locally-trained DDR programme staff, and\/or trained community professionals such as social workers, teachers or nurses.DDR programmes will likely encounter a number of ex-combatants suffering from full-blown trauma-spectrum disorders. These disorders cannot be treated through basic counseling and should be referred to psychological experts. In field settings, using narra- tive exposure therapy may be an option.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":892, "Sentence":"Providing more specialized options for this group will save valuable resources, and even more importantly, it will spare par- ticipants from the frustrating experience of not being able to fully engage in trainings or make use of economic support in the way healthier participants might.Following the screening process, ex-combatants who show clear signs of mental ill- health should, at a minimum, receive continuous basic counseling.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration providing specialized option group save valuable resource even importantly spare par ticipants frustrating experience able fully engage training make use economic support way healthier participant might.following screening process excombatants show clear sign mental ill health minimum receive continuous basic counseling ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.1. Screening for mental health", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, the psychosocial component of DDR programmes should offer an initial screening of ex-combatants as well as regular basic counseling where needed. A screen- ing procedure can be carried out by trained local staff to identify ex-combatants who are in need of special assistance. Early screening will not only aid psychologically-affected ex-combatants, but it will makes it possible to establish which participants are unlikely to benefit from more standard reintegration options. Providing more specialized options for this group will save valuable resources, and even more importantly, it will spare par- ticipants from the frustrating experience of not being able to fully engage in trainings or make use of economic support in the way healthier participants might.Following the screening process, ex-combatants who show clear signs of mental ill- health should, at a minimum, receive continuous basic counseling. This counseling must take place on a regular basis and allow for continuous contact with the affected ex-com- batants. As with screening, this basic counseling can be carried out by locally-trained DDR programme staff, and\/or trained community professionals such as social workers, teachers or nurses.DDR programmes will likely encounter a number of ex-combatants suffering from full-blown trauma-spectrum disorders. These disorders cannot be treated through basic counseling and should be referred to psychological experts. In field settings, using narra- tive exposure therapy may be an option.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":892, "Sentence":"This counseling must take place on a regular basis and allow for continuous contact with the affected ex-com- batants.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration counseling must take place regular basis allow continuous contact affected excom batants ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.1. Screening for mental health", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, the psychosocial component of DDR programmes should offer an initial screening of ex-combatants as well as regular basic counseling where needed. A screen- ing procedure can be carried out by trained local staff to identify ex-combatants who are in need of special assistance. Early screening will not only aid psychologically-affected ex-combatants, but it will makes it possible to establish which participants are unlikely to benefit from more standard reintegration options. Providing more specialized options for this group will save valuable resources, and even more importantly, it will spare par- ticipants from the frustrating experience of not being able to fully engage in trainings or make use of economic support in the way healthier participants might.Following the screening process, ex-combatants who show clear signs of mental ill- health should, at a minimum, receive continuous basic counseling. This counseling must take place on a regular basis and allow for continuous contact with the affected ex-com- batants. As with screening, this basic counseling can be carried out by locally-trained DDR programme staff, and\/or trained community professionals such as social workers, teachers or nurses.DDR programmes will likely encounter a number of ex-combatants suffering from full-blown trauma-spectrum disorders. These disorders cannot be treated through basic counseling and should be referred to psychological experts. In field settings, using narra- tive exposure therapy may be an option.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":892, "Sentence":"As with screening, this basic counseling can be carried out by locally-trained DDR programme staff, and\/or trained community professionals such as social workers, teachers or nurses.DDR programmes will likely encounter a number of ex-combatants suffering from full-blown trauma-spectrum disorders.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration screening basic counseling carried locallytrained ddr programme staff and\/or trained community professional social worker teacher nurses.ddr programme likely encounter number excombatants suffering fullblown traumaspectrum disorder ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.1. Screening for mental health", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, the psychosocial component of DDR programmes should offer an initial screening of ex-combatants as well as regular basic counseling where needed. A screen- ing procedure can be carried out by trained local staff to identify ex-combatants who are in need of special assistance. Early screening will not only aid psychologically-affected ex-combatants, but it will makes it possible to establish which participants are unlikely to benefit from more standard reintegration options. Providing more specialized options for this group will save valuable resources, and even more importantly, it will spare par- ticipants from the frustrating experience of not being able to fully engage in trainings or make use of economic support in the way healthier participants might.Following the screening process, ex-combatants who show clear signs of mental ill- health should, at a minimum, receive continuous basic counseling. This counseling must take place on a regular basis and allow for continuous contact with the affected ex-com- batants. As with screening, this basic counseling can be carried out by locally-trained DDR programme staff, and\/or trained community professionals such as social workers, teachers or nurses.DDR programmes will likely encounter a number of ex-combatants suffering from full-blown trauma-spectrum disorders. These disorders cannot be treated through basic counseling and should be referred to psychological experts. In field settings, using narra- tive exposure therapy may be an option.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":892, "Sentence":"These disorders cannot be treated through basic counseling and should be referred to psychological experts.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration disorder treated basic counseling referred psychological expert ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.1. Screening for mental health", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, the psychosocial component of DDR programmes should offer an initial screening of ex-combatants as well as regular basic counseling where needed. A screen- ing procedure can be carried out by trained local staff to identify ex-combatants who are in need of special assistance. Early screening will not only aid psychologically-affected ex-combatants, but it will makes it possible to establish which participants are unlikely to benefit from more standard reintegration options. Providing more specialized options for this group will save valuable resources, and even more importantly, it will spare par- ticipants from the frustrating experience of not being able to fully engage in trainings or make use of economic support in the way healthier participants might.Following the screening process, ex-combatants who show clear signs of mental ill- health should, at a minimum, receive continuous basic counseling. This counseling must take place on a regular basis and allow for continuous contact with the affected ex-com- batants. As with screening, this basic counseling can be carried out by locally-trained DDR programme staff, and\/or trained community professionals such as social workers, teachers or nurses.DDR programmes will likely encounter a number of ex-combatants suffering from full-blown trauma-spectrum disorders. These disorders cannot be treated through basic counseling and should be referred to psychological experts. In field settings, using narra- tive exposure therapy may be an option.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":892, "Sentence":"In field settings, using narra- tive exposure therapy may be an option.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration field setting using narra tive exposure therapy may option ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.2. Community-based stepped-care system", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"To adequately assess the existing capacities of local\/regional support systems, an inven- tory and analysis of existing gaps is a first priority. Such an inventory should help to identify the existing local means used to address social and psychosocial issues, poten- tial partners, and the need to create or strengthen a network of practitioners. Next, the capacity of the existing social\/psychosocial support structures as well as new ones (where needed), can be built to provide adequate services. A standard team consisting of trauma counselors (locally trained lay practitioners), may serve as a first-level of service providers in terms of trauma-related counseling as well as treatment of psycho-somatic condi- tions. They could also serve as mediators in cases of social adversity (e.g. family violence, extreme poverty, abuse and neglect of children). For the set-up of the treatment it has to be ensured that it is culturally acceptable (i.e. cultural acceptable gender and age match of trauma counselor and client).Sensitization and public awareness programmes on mental health and related psycho-social issues should also be developed and informed by the work of the commu- nity-based local staff. The focus of such programms should be sensitizing the community to the symptoms experienced by those who suffer from mental illness and impairment of associated functioning. This will involve strong efforts to de-stigmatize the conditions faced by psychologically-affected individuals. They should also provide information on access to care.Ideally, specialized treatment to address mental health should be offered to both civil- ians and ex-combatants in a community-based structure. Every DDR programme within a post-conflict setting is confronted with the challenge of reintegrating ex-combatants into a society which is itself recovering from trauma. Offering psychosocial care in a commu- nity-based structure for both former ex-combatants and civilians will foster reconciliation and make it possible for both groups to learn about each other\u2019s experiences during the war. In this way, psychosocial care does not only support the individual to heal, but can foster the restoration of the social fabric. Thus, a DDR programme may refer mentally-ill ex-combatants who cannot be treated through basic counseling to a common health ser- vice structure.Most importantly, all interventions have to be carried out within a framework of implementation research, including micro-level analysis. It will be important to con- duct impact evaluations on effectiveness and efficiency of trauma treatment, functioning recovery pre- and post-treatment in selected individuals, impact on social cohesion in the community, recovery of occupational functioning, socio-economic indicators, impact on readiness for reconciliation, etc,., on a continuing basis. Without such evaluations, there is the risk that ineffective and sometimes even harmful programmes are extended to regional services. Parallel to these evaluations, a measure of supervision (by master counselor, clinical practitioners) and peer sharing has to be set in motion between community, district practitioners and researchers at national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":893, "Sentence":"To adequately assess the existing capacities of local\/regional support systems, an inven- tory and analysis of existing gaps is a first priority.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration adequately ass existing capacity local\/regional support system inven tory analysis existing gap first priority ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.2. Community-based stepped-care system", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"To adequately assess the existing capacities of local\/regional support systems, an inven- tory and analysis of existing gaps is a first priority. Such an inventory should help to identify the existing local means used to address social and psychosocial issues, poten- tial partners, and the need to create or strengthen a network of practitioners. Next, the capacity of the existing social\/psychosocial support structures as well as new ones (where needed), can be built to provide adequate services. A standard team consisting of trauma counselors (locally trained lay practitioners), may serve as a first-level of service providers in terms of trauma-related counseling as well as treatment of psycho-somatic condi- tions. They could also serve as mediators in cases of social adversity (e.g. family violence, extreme poverty, abuse and neglect of children). For the set-up of the treatment it has to be ensured that it is culturally acceptable (i.e. cultural acceptable gender and age match of trauma counselor and client).Sensitization and public awareness programmes on mental health and related psycho-social issues should also be developed and informed by the work of the commu- nity-based local staff. The focus of such programms should be sensitizing the community to the symptoms experienced by those who suffer from mental illness and impairment of associated functioning. This will involve strong efforts to de-stigmatize the conditions faced by psychologically-affected individuals. They should also provide information on access to care.Ideally, specialized treatment to address mental health should be offered to both civil- ians and ex-combatants in a community-based structure. Every DDR programme within a post-conflict setting is confronted with the challenge of reintegrating ex-combatants into a society which is itself recovering from trauma. Offering psychosocial care in a commu- nity-based structure for both former ex-combatants and civilians will foster reconciliation and make it possible for both groups to learn about each other\u2019s experiences during the war. In this way, psychosocial care does not only support the individual to heal, but can foster the restoration of the social fabric. Thus, a DDR programme may refer mentally-ill ex-combatants who cannot be treated through basic counseling to a common health ser- vice structure.Most importantly, all interventions have to be carried out within a framework of implementation research, including micro-level analysis. It will be important to con- duct impact evaluations on effectiveness and efficiency of trauma treatment, functioning recovery pre- and post-treatment in selected individuals, impact on social cohesion in the community, recovery of occupational functioning, socio-economic indicators, impact on readiness for reconciliation, etc,., on a continuing basis. Without such evaluations, there is the risk that ineffective and sometimes even harmful programmes are extended to regional services. Parallel to these evaluations, a measure of supervision (by master counselor, clinical practitioners) and peer sharing has to be set in motion between community, district practitioners and researchers at national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":893, "Sentence":"Such an inventory should help to identify the existing local means used to address social and psychosocial issues, poten- tial partners, and the need to create or strengthen a network of practitioners.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration inventory help identify existing local mean used address social psychosocial issue poten tial partner need create strengthen network practitioner ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.2. Community-based stepped-care system", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"To adequately assess the existing capacities of local\/regional support systems, an inven- tory and analysis of existing gaps is a first priority. Such an inventory should help to identify the existing local means used to address social and psychosocial issues, poten- tial partners, and the need to create or strengthen a network of practitioners. Next, the capacity of the existing social\/psychosocial support structures as well as new ones (where needed), can be built to provide adequate services. A standard team consisting of trauma counselors (locally trained lay practitioners), may serve as a first-level of service providers in terms of trauma-related counseling as well as treatment of psycho-somatic condi- tions. They could also serve as mediators in cases of social adversity (e.g. family violence, extreme poverty, abuse and neglect of children). For the set-up of the treatment it has to be ensured that it is culturally acceptable (i.e. cultural acceptable gender and age match of trauma counselor and client).Sensitization and public awareness programmes on mental health and related psycho-social issues should also be developed and informed by the work of the commu- nity-based local staff. The focus of such programms should be sensitizing the community to the symptoms experienced by those who suffer from mental illness and impairment of associated functioning. This will involve strong efforts to de-stigmatize the conditions faced by psychologically-affected individuals. They should also provide information on access to care.Ideally, specialized treatment to address mental health should be offered to both civil- ians and ex-combatants in a community-based structure. Every DDR programme within a post-conflict setting is confronted with the challenge of reintegrating ex-combatants into a society which is itself recovering from trauma. Offering psychosocial care in a commu- nity-based structure for both former ex-combatants and civilians will foster reconciliation and make it possible for both groups to learn about each other\u2019s experiences during the war. In this way, psychosocial care does not only support the individual to heal, but can foster the restoration of the social fabric. Thus, a DDR programme may refer mentally-ill ex-combatants who cannot be treated through basic counseling to a common health ser- vice structure.Most importantly, all interventions have to be carried out within a framework of implementation research, including micro-level analysis. It will be important to con- duct impact evaluations on effectiveness and efficiency of trauma treatment, functioning recovery pre- and post-treatment in selected individuals, impact on social cohesion in the community, recovery of occupational functioning, socio-economic indicators, impact on readiness for reconciliation, etc,., on a continuing basis. Without such evaluations, there is the risk that ineffective and sometimes even harmful programmes are extended to regional services. Parallel to these evaluations, a measure of supervision (by master counselor, clinical practitioners) and peer sharing has to be set in motion between community, district practitioners and researchers at national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":893, "Sentence":"Next, the capacity of the existing social\/psychosocial support structures as well as new ones (where needed), can be built to provide adequate services.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration next capacity existing social\/psychosocial support structure well new one needed built provide adequate service ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.2. Community-based stepped-care system", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"To adequately assess the existing capacities of local\/regional support systems, an inven- tory and analysis of existing gaps is a first priority. Such an inventory should help to identify the existing local means used to address social and psychosocial issues, poten- tial partners, and the need to create or strengthen a network of practitioners. Next, the capacity of the existing social\/psychosocial support structures as well as new ones (where needed), can be built to provide adequate services. A standard team consisting of trauma counselors (locally trained lay practitioners), may serve as a first-level of service providers in terms of trauma-related counseling as well as treatment of psycho-somatic condi- tions. They could also serve as mediators in cases of social adversity (e.g. family violence, extreme poverty, abuse and neglect of children). For the set-up of the treatment it has to be ensured that it is culturally acceptable (i.e. cultural acceptable gender and age match of trauma counselor and client).Sensitization and public awareness programmes on mental health and related psycho-social issues should also be developed and informed by the work of the commu- nity-based local staff. The focus of such programms should be sensitizing the community to the symptoms experienced by those who suffer from mental illness and impairment of associated functioning. This will involve strong efforts to de-stigmatize the conditions faced by psychologically-affected individuals. They should also provide information on access to care.Ideally, specialized treatment to address mental health should be offered to both civil- ians and ex-combatants in a community-based structure. Every DDR programme within a post-conflict setting is confronted with the challenge of reintegrating ex-combatants into a society which is itself recovering from trauma. Offering psychosocial care in a commu- nity-based structure for both former ex-combatants and civilians will foster reconciliation and make it possible for both groups to learn about each other\u2019s experiences during the war. In this way, psychosocial care does not only support the individual to heal, but can foster the restoration of the social fabric. Thus, a DDR programme may refer mentally-ill ex-combatants who cannot be treated through basic counseling to a common health ser- vice structure.Most importantly, all interventions have to be carried out within a framework of implementation research, including micro-level analysis. It will be important to con- duct impact evaluations on effectiveness and efficiency of trauma treatment, functioning recovery pre- and post-treatment in selected individuals, impact on social cohesion in the community, recovery of occupational functioning, socio-economic indicators, impact on readiness for reconciliation, etc,., on a continuing basis. Without such evaluations, there is the risk that ineffective and sometimes even harmful programmes are extended to regional services. Parallel to these evaluations, a measure of supervision (by master counselor, clinical practitioners) and peer sharing has to be set in motion between community, district practitioners and researchers at national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":893, "Sentence":"A standard team consisting of trauma counselors (locally trained lay practitioners), may serve as a first-level of service providers in terms of trauma-related counseling as well as treatment of psycho-somatic condi- tions.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration standard team consisting trauma counselor locally trained lay practitioner may serve firstlevel service provider term traumarelated counseling well treatment psychosomatic condi tions ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.2. Community-based stepped-care system", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"To adequately assess the existing capacities of local\/regional support systems, an inven- tory and analysis of existing gaps is a first priority. Such an inventory should help to identify the existing local means used to address social and psychosocial issues, poten- tial partners, and the need to create or strengthen a network of practitioners. Next, the capacity of the existing social\/psychosocial support structures as well as new ones (where needed), can be built to provide adequate services. A standard team consisting of trauma counselors (locally trained lay practitioners), may serve as a first-level of service providers in terms of trauma-related counseling as well as treatment of psycho-somatic condi- tions. They could also serve as mediators in cases of social adversity (e.g. family violence, extreme poverty, abuse and neglect of children). For the set-up of the treatment it has to be ensured that it is culturally acceptable (i.e. cultural acceptable gender and age match of trauma counselor and client).Sensitization and public awareness programmes on mental health and related psycho-social issues should also be developed and informed by the work of the commu- nity-based local staff. The focus of such programms should be sensitizing the community to the symptoms experienced by those who suffer from mental illness and impairment of associated functioning. This will involve strong efforts to de-stigmatize the conditions faced by psychologically-affected individuals. They should also provide information on access to care.Ideally, specialized treatment to address mental health should be offered to both civil- ians and ex-combatants in a community-based structure. Every DDR programme within a post-conflict setting is confronted with the challenge of reintegrating ex-combatants into a society which is itself recovering from trauma. Offering psychosocial care in a commu- nity-based structure for both former ex-combatants and civilians will foster reconciliation and make it possible for both groups to learn about each other\u2019s experiences during the war. In this way, psychosocial care does not only support the individual to heal, but can foster the restoration of the social fabric. Thus, a DDR programme may refer mentally-ill ex-combatants who cannot be treated through basic counseling to a common health ser- vice structure.Most importantly, all interventions have to be carried out within a framework of implementation research, including micro-level analysis. It will be important to con- duct impact evaluations on effectiveness and efficiency of trauma treatment, functioning recovery pre- and post-treatment in selected individuals, impact on social cohesion in the community, recovery of occupational functioning, socio-economic indicators, impact on readiness for reconciliation, etc,., on a continuing basis. Without such evaluations, there is the risk that ineffective and sometimes even harmful programmes are extended to regional services. Parallel to these evaluations, a measure of supervision (by master counselor, clinical practitioners) and peer sharing has to be set in motion between community, district practitioners and researchers at national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":893, "Sentence":"They could also serve as mediators in cases of social adversity (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration could also serve mediator case social adversity e.g ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.2. Community-based stepped-care system", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"To adequately assess the existing capacities of local\/regional support systems, an inven- tory and analysis of existing gaps is a first priority. Such an inventory should help to identify the existing local means used to address social and psychosocial issues, poten- tial partners, and the need to create or strengthen a network of practitioners. Next, the capacity of the existing social\/psychosocial support structures as well as new ones (where needed), can be built to provide adequate services. A standard team consisting of trauma counselors (locally trained lay practitioners), may serve as a first-level of service providers in terms of trauma-related counseling as well as treatment of psycho-somatic condi- tions. They could also serve as mediators in cases of social adversity (e.g. family violence, extreme poverty, abuse and neglect of children). For the set-up of the treatment it has to be ensured that it is culturally acceptable (i.e. cultural acceptable gender and age match of trauma counselor and client).Sensitization and public awareness programmes on mental health and related psycho-social issues should also be developed and informed by the work of the commu- nity-based local staff. The focus of such programms should be sensitizing the community to the symptoms experienced by those who suffer from mental illness and impairment of associated functioning. This will involve strong efforts to de-stigmatize the conditions faced by psychologically-affected individuals. They should also provide information on access to care.Ideally, specialized treatment to address mental health should be offered to both civil- ians and ex-combatants in a community-based structure. Every DDR programme within a post-conflict setting is confronted with the challenge of reintegrating ex-combatants into a society which is itself recovering from trauma. Offering psychosocial care in a commu- nity-based structure for both former ex-combatants and civilians will foster reconciliation and make it possible for both groups to learn about each other\u2019s experiences during the war. In this way, psychosocial care does not only support the individual to heal, but can foster the restoration of the social fabric. Thus, a DDR programme may refer mentally-ill ex-combatants who cannot be treated through basic counseling to a common health ser- vice structure.Most importantly, all interventions have to be carried out within a framework of implementation research, including micro-level analysis. It will be important to con- duct impact evaluations on effectiveness and efficiency of trauma treatment, functioning recovery pre- and post-treatment in selected individuals, impact on social cohesion in the community, recovery of occupational functioning, socio-economic indicators, impact on readiness for reconciliation, etc,., on a continuing basis. Without such evaluations, there is the risk that ineffective and sometimes even harmful programmes are extended to regional services. Parallel to these evaluations, a measure of supervision (by master counselor, clinical practitioners) and peer sharing has to be set in motion between community, district practitioners and researchers at national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":893, "Sentence":"family violence, extreme poverty, abuse and neglect of children).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration family violence extreme poverty abuse neglect child ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.2. Community-based stepped-care system", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"To adequately assess the existing capacities of local\/regional support systems, an inven- tory and analysis of existing gaps is a first priority. Such an inventory should help to identify the existing local means used to address social and psychosocial issues, poten- tial partners, and the need to create or strengthen a network of practitioners. Next, the capacity of the existing social\/psychosocial support structures as well as new ones (where needed), can be built to provide adequate services. A standard team consisting of trauma counselors (locally trained lay practitioners), may serve as a first-level of service providers in terms of trauma-related counseling as well as treatment of psycho-somatic condi- tions. They could also serve as mediators in cases of social adversity (e.g. family violence, extreme poverty, abuse and neglect of children). For the set-up of the treatment it has to be ensured that it is culturally acceptable (i.e. cultural acceptable gender and age match of trauma counselor and client).Sensitization and public awareness programmes on mental health and related psycho-social issues should also be developed and informed by the work of the commu- nity-based local staff. The focus of such programms should be sensitizing the community to the symptoms experienced by those who suffer from mental illness and impairment of associated functioning. This will involve strong efforts to de-stigmatize the conditions faced by psychologically-affected individuals. They should also provide information on access to care.Ideally, specialized treatment to address mental health should be offered to both civil- ians and ex-combatants in a community-based structure. Every DDR programme within a post-conflict setting is confronted with the challenge of reintegrating ex-combatants into a society which is itself recovering from trauma. Offering psychosocial care in a commu- nity-based structure for both former ex-combatants and civilians will foster reconciliation and make it possible for both groups to learn about each other\u2019s experiences during the war. In this way, psychosocial care does not only support the individual to heal, but can foster the restoration of the social fabric. Thus, a DDR programme may refer mentally-ill ex-combatants who cannot be treated through basic counseling to a common health ser- vice structure.Most importantly, all interventions have to be carried out within a framework of implementation research, including micro-level analysis. It will be important to con- duct impact evaluations on effectiveness and efficiency of trauma treatment, functioning recovery pre- and post-treatment in selected individuals, impact on social cohesion in the community, recovery of occupational functioning, socio-economic indicators, impact on readiness for reconciliation, etc,., on a continuing basis. Without such evaluations, there is the risk that ineffective and sometimes even harmful programmes are extended to regional services. Parallel to these evaluations, a measure of supervision (by master counselor, clinical practitioners) and peer sharing has to be set in motion between community, district practitioners and researchers at national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":893, "Sentence":"For the set-up of the treatment it has to be ensured that it is culturally acceptable (i.e.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration setup treatment ensured culturally acceptable i.e ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.2. Community-based stepped-care system", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"To adequately assess the existing capacities of local\/regional support systems, an inven- tory and analysis of existing gaps is a first priority. Such an inventory should help to identify the existing local means used to address social and psychosocial issues, poten- tial partners, and the need to create or strengthen a network of practitioners. Next, the capacity of the existing social\/psychosocial support structures as well as new ones (where needed), can be built to provide adequate services. A standard team consisting of trauma counselors (locally trained lay practitioners), may serve as a first-level of service providers in terms of trauma-related counseling as well as treatment of psycho-somatic condi- tions. They could also serve as mediators in cases of social adversity (e.g. family violence, extreme poverty, abuse and neglect of children). For the set-up of the treatment it has to be ensured that it is culturally acceptable (i.e. cultural acceptable gender and age match of trauma counselor and client).Sensitization and public awareness programmes on mental health and related psycho-social issues should also be developed and informed by the work of the commu- nity-based local staff. The focus of such programms should be sensitizing the community to the symptoms experienced by those who suffer from mental illness and impairment of associated functioning. This will involve strong efforts to de-stigmatize the conditions faced by psychologically-affected individuals. They should also provide information on access to care.Ideally, specialized treatment to address mental health should be offered to both civil- ians and ex-combatants in a community-based structure. Every DDR programme within a post-conflict setting is confronted with the challenge of reintegrating ex-combatants into a society which is itself recovering from trauma. Offering psychosocial care in a commu- nity-based structure for both former ex-combatants and civilians will foster reconciliation and make it possible for both groups to learn about each other\u2019s experiences during the war. In this way, psychosocial care does not only support the individual to heal, but can foster the restoration of the social fabric. Thus, a DDR programme may refer mentally-ill ex-combatants who cannot be treated through basic counseling to a common health ser- vice structure.Most importantly, all interventions have to be carried out within a framework of implementation research, including micro-level analysis. It will be important to con- duct impact evaluations on effectiveness and efficiency of trauma treatment, functioning recovery pre- and post-treatment in selected individuals, impact on social cohesion in the community, recovery of occupational functioning, socio-economic indicators, impact on readiness for reconciliation, etc,., on a continuing basis. Without such evaluations, there is the risk that ineffective and sometimes even harmful programmes are extended to regional services. Parallel to these evaluations, a measure of supervision (by master counselor, clinical practitioners) and peer sharing has to be set in motion between community, district practitioners and researchers at national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":893, "Sentence":"cultural acceptable gender and age match of trauma counselor and client).Sensitization and public awareness programmes on mental health and related psycho-social issues should also be developed and informed by the work of the commu- nity-based local staff.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration cultural acceptable gender age match trauma counselor client.sensitization public awareness programme mental health related psychosocial issue also developed informed work commu nitybased local staff ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.2. Community-based stepped-care system", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"To adequately assess the existing capacities of local\/regional support systems, an inven- tory and analysis of existing gaps is a first priority. Such an inventory should help to identify the existing local means used to address social and psychosocial issues, poten- tial partners, and the need to create or strengthen a network of practitioners. Next, the capacity of the existing social\/psychosocial support structures as well as new ones (where needed), can be built to provide adequate services. A standard team consisting of trauma counselors (locally trained lay practitioners), may serve as a first-level of service providers in terms of trauma-related counseling as well as treatment of psycho-somatic condi- tions. They could also serve as mediators in cases of social adversity (e.g. family violence, extreme poverty, abuse and neglect of children). For the set-up of the treatment it has to be ensured that it is culturally acceptable (i.e. cultural acceptable gender and age match of trauma counselor and client).Sensitization and public awareness programmes on mental health and related psycho-social issues should also be developed and informed by the work of the commu- nity-based local staff. The focus of such programms should be sensitizing the community to the symptoms experienced by those who suffer from mental illness and impairment of associated functioning. This will involve strong efforts to de-stigmatize the conditions faced by psychologically-affected individuals. They should also provide information on access to care.Ideally, specialized treatment to address mental health should be offered to both civil- ians and ex-combatants in a community-based structure. Every DDR programme within a post-conflict setting is confronted with the challenge of reintegrating ex-combatants into a society which is itself recovering from trauma. Offering psychosocial care in a commu- nity-based structure for both former ex-combatants and civilians will foster reconciliation and make it possible for both groups to learn about each other\u2019s experiences during the war. In this way, psychosocial care does not only support the individual to heal, but can foster the restoration of the social fabric. Thus, a DDR programme may refer mentally-ill ex-combatants who cannot be treated through basic counseling to a common health ser- vice structure.Most importantly, all interventions have to be carried out within a framework of implementation research, including micro-level analysis. It will be important to con- duct impact evaluations on effectiveness and efficiency of trauma treatment, functioning recovery pre- and post-treatment in selected individuals, impact on social cohesion in the community, recovery of occupational functioning, socio-economic indicators, impact on readiness for reconciliation, etc,., on a continuing basis. Without such evaluations, there is the risk that ineffective and sometimes even harmful programmes are extended to regional services. Parallel to these evaluations, a measure of supervision (by master counselor, clinical practitioners) and peer sharing has to be set in motion between community, district practitioners and researchers at national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":893, "Sentence":"The focus of such programms should be sensitizing the community to the symptoms experienced by those who suffer from mental illness and impairment of associated functioning.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration focus programms sensitizing community symptom experienced suffer mental illness impairment associated functioning ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.2. Community-based stepped-care system", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"To adequately assess the existing capacities of local\/regional support systems, an inven- tory and analysis of existing gaps is a first priority. Such an inventory should help to identify the existing local means used to address social and psychosocial issues, poten- tial partners, and the need to create or strengthen a network of practitioners. Next, the capacity of the existing social\/psychosocial support structures as well as new ones (where needed), can be built to provide adequate services. A standard team consisting of trauma counselors (locally trained lay practitioners), may serve as a first-level of service providers in terms of trauma-related counseling as well as treatment of psycho-somatic condi- tions. They could also serve as mediators in cases of social adversity (e.g. family violence, extreme poverty, abuse and neglect of children). For the set-up of the treatment it has to be ensured that it is culturally acceptable (i.e. cultural acceptable gender and age match of trauma counselor and client).Sensitization and public awareness programmes on mental health and related psycho-social issues should also be developed and informed by the work of the commu- nity-based local staff. The focus of such programms should be sensitizing the community to the symptoms experienced by those who suffer from mental illness and impairment of associated functioning. This will involve strong efforts to de-stigmatize the conditions faced by psychologically-affected individuals. They should also provide information on access to care.Ideally, specialized treatment to address mental health should be offered to both civil- ians and ex-combatants in a community-based structure. Every DDR programme within a post-conflict setting is confronted with the challenge of reintegrating ex-combatants into a society which is itself recovering from trauma. Offering psychosocial care in a commu- nity-based structure for both former ex-combatants and civilians will foster reconciliation and make it possible for both groups to learn about each other\u2019s experiences during the war. In this way, psychosocial care does not only support the individual to heal, but can foster the restoration of the social fabric. Thus, a DDR programme may refer mentally-ill ex-combatants who cannot be treated through basic counseling to a common health ser- vice structure.Most importantly, all interventions have to be carried out within a framework of implementation research, including micro-level analysis. It will be important to con- duct impact evaluations on effectiveness and efficiency of trauma treatment, functioning recovery pre- and post-treatment in selected individuals, impact on social cohesion in the community, recovery of occupational functioning, socio-economic indicators, impact on readiness for reconciliation, etc,., on a continuing basis. Without such evaluations, there is the risk that ineffective and sometimes even harmful programmes are extended to regional services. Parallel to these evaluations, a measure of supervision (by master counselor, clinical practitioners) and peer sharing has to be set in motion between community, district practitioners and researchers at national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":893, "Sentence":"This will involve strong efforts to de-stigmatize the conditions faced by psychologically-affected individuals.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration involve strong effort destigmatize condition faced psychologicallyaffected individual ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.2. Community-based stepped-care system", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"To adequately assess the existing capacities of local\/regional support systems, an inven- tory and analysis of existing gaps is a first priority. Such an inventory should help to identify the existing local means used to address social and psychosocial issues, poten- tial partners, and the need to create or strengthen a network of practitioners. Next, the capacity of the existing social\/psychosocial support structures as well as new ones (where needed), can be built to provide adequate services. A standard team consisting of trauma counselors (locally trained lay practitioners), may serve as a first-level of service providers in terms of trauma-related counseling as well as treatment of psycho-somatic condi- tions. They could also serve as mediators in cases of social adversity (e.g. family violence, extreme poverty, abuse and neglect of children). For the set-up of the treatment it has to be ensured that it is culturally acceptable (i.e. cultural acceptable gender and age match of trauma counselor and client).Sensitization and public awareness programmes on mental health and related psycho-social issues should also be developed and informed by the work of the commu- nity-based local staff. The focus of such programms should be sensitizing the community to the symptoms experienced by those who suffer from mental illness and impairment of associated functioning. This will involve strong efforts to de-stigmatize the conditions faced by psychologically-affected individuals. They should also provide information on access to care.Ideally, specialized treatment to address mental health should be offered to both civil- ians and ex-combatants in a community-based structure. Every DDR programme within a post-conflict setting is confronted with the challenge of reintegrating ex-combatants into a society which is itself recovering from trauma. Offering psychosocial care in a commu- nity-based structure for both former ex-combatants and civilians will foster reconciliation and make it possible for both groups to learn about each other\u2019s experiences during the war. In this way, psychosocial care does not only support the individual to heal, but can foster the restoration of the social fabric. Thus, a DDR programme may refer mentally-ill ex-combatants who cannot be treated through basic counseling to a common health ser- vice structure.Most importantly, all interventions have to be carried out within a framework of implementation research, including micro-level analysis. It will be important to con- duct impact evaluations on effectiveness and efficiency of trauma treatment, functioning recovery pre- and post-treatment in selected individuals, impact on social cohesion in the community, recovery of occupational functioning, socio-economic indicators, impact on readiness for reconciliation, etc,., on a continuing basis. Without such evaluations, there is the risk that ineffective and sometimes even harmful programmes are extended to regional services. Parallel to these evaluations, a measure of supervision (by master counselor, clinical practitioners) and peer sharing has to be set in motion between community, district practitioners and researchers at national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":893, "Sentence":"They should also provide information on access to care.Ideally, specialized treatment to address mental health should be offered to both civil- ians and ex-combatants in a community-based structure.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration also provide information access care.ideally specialized treatment address mental health offered civil ians excombatants communitybased structure ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.2. Community-based stepped-care system", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"To adequately assess the existing capacities of local\/regional support systems, an inven- tory and analysis of existing gaps is a first priority. Such an inventory should help to identify the existing local means used to address social and psychosocial issues, poten- tial partners, and the need to create or strengthen a network of practitioners. Next, the capacity of the existing social\/psychosocial support structures as well as new ones (where needed), can be built to provide adequate services. A standard team consisting of trauma counselors (locally trained lay practitioners), may serve as a first-level of service providers in terms of trauma-related counseling as well as treatment of psycho-somatic condi- tions. They could also serve as mediators in cases of social adversity (e.g. family violence, extreme poverty, abuse and neglect of children). For the set-up of the treatment it has to be ensured that it is culturally acceptable (i.e. cultural acceptable gender and age match of trauma counselor and client).Sensitization and public awareness programmes on mental health and related psycho-social issues should also be developed and informed by the work of the commu- nity-based local staff. The focus of such programms should be sensitizing the community to the symptoms experienced by those who suffer from mental illness and impairment of associated functioning. This will involve strong efforts to de-stigmatize the conditions faced by psychologically-affected individuals. They should also provide information on access to care.Ideally, specialized treatment to address mental health should be offered to both civil- ians and ex-combatants in a community-based structure. Every DDR programme within a post-conflict setting is confronted with the challenge of reintegrating ex-combatants into a society which is itself recovering from trauma. Offering psychosocial care in a commu- nity-based structure for both former ex-combatants and civilians will foster reconciliation and make it possible for both groups to learn about each other\u2019s experiences during the war. In this way, psychosocial care does not only support the individual to heal, but can foster the restoration of the social fabric. Thus, a DDR programme may refer mentally-ill ex-combatants who cannot be treated through basic counseling to a common health ser- vice structure.Most importantly, all interventions have to be carried out within a framework of implementation research, including micro-level analysis. It will be important to con- duct impact evaluations on effectiveness and efficiency of trauma treatment, functioning recovery pre- and post-treatment in selected individuals, impact on social cohesion in the community, recovery of occupational functioning, socio-economic indicators, impact on readiness for reconciliation, etc,., on a continuing basis. Without such evaluations, there is the risk that ineffective and sometimes even harmful programmes are extended to regional services. Parallel to these evaluations, a measure of supervision (by master counselor, clinical practitioners) and peer sharing has to be set in motion between community, district practitioners and researchers at national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":893, "Sentence":"Every DDR programme within a post-conflict setting is confronted with the challenge of reintegrating ex-combatants into a society which is itself recovering from trauma.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration every ddr programme within postconflict setting confronted challenge reintegrating excombatants society recovering trauma ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.2. Community-based stepped-care system", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"To adequately assess the existing capacities of local\/regional support systems, an inven- tory and analysis of existing gaps is a first priority. Such an inventory should help to identify the existing local means used to address social and psychosocial issues, poten- tial partners, and the need to create or strengthen a network of practitioners. Next, the capacity of the existing social\/psychosocial support structures as well as new ones (where needed), can be built to provide adequate services. A standard team consisting of trauma counselors (locally trained lay practitioners), may serve as a first-level of service providers in terms of trauma-related counseling as well as treatment of psycho-somatic condi- tions. They could also serve as mediators in cases of social adversity (e.g. family violence, extreme poverty, abuse and neglect of children). For the set-up of the treatment it has to be ensured that it is culturally acceptable (i.e. cultural acceptable gender and age match of trauma counselor and client).Sensitization and public awareness programmes on mental health and related psycho-social issues should also be developed and informed by the work of the commu- nity-based local staff. The focus of such programms should be sensitizing the community to the symptoms experienced by those who suffer from mental illness and impairment of associated functioning. This will involve strong efforts to de-stigmatize the conditions faced by psychologically-affected individuals. They should also provide information on access to care.Ideally, specialized treatment to address mental health should be offered to both civil- ians and ex-combatants in a community-based structure. Every DDR programme within a post-conflict setting is confronted with the challenge of reintegrating ex-combatants into a society which is itself recovering from trauma. Offering psychosocial care in a commu- nity-based structure for both former ex-combatants and civilians will foster reconciliation and make it possible for both groups to learn about each other\u2019s experiences during the war. In this way, psychosocial care does not only support the individual to heal, but can foster the restoration of the social fabric. Thus, a DDR programme may refer mentally-ill ex-combatants who cannot be treated through basic counseling to a common health ser- vice structure.Most importantly, all interventions have to be carried out within a framework of implementation research, including micro-level analysis. It will be important to con- duct impact evaluations on effectiveness and efficiency of trauma treatment, functioning recovery pre- and post-treatment in selected individuals, impact on social cohesion in the community, recovery of occupational functioning, socio-economic indicators, impact on readiness for reconciliation, etc,., on a continuing basis. Without such evaluations, there is the risk that ineffective and sometimes even harmful programmes are extended to regional services. Parallel to these evaluations, a measure of supervision (by master counselor, clinical practitioners) and peer sharing has to be set in motion between community, district practitioners and researchers at national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":893, "Sentence":"Offering psychosocial care in a commu- nity-based structure for both former ex-combatants and civilians will foster reconciliation and make it possible for both groups to learn about each other\u2019s experiences during the war.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration offering psychosocial care commu nitybased structure former excombatants civilian foster reconciliation make possible group learn \u2019 experience war ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.2. Community-based stepped-care system", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"To adequately assess the existing capacities of local\/regional support systems, an inven- tory and analysis of existing gaps is a first priority. Such an inventory should help to identify the existing local means used to address social and psychosocial issues, poten- tial partners, and the need to create or strengthen a network of practitioners. Next, the capacity of the existing social\/psychosocial support structures as well as new ones (where needed), can be built to provide adequate services. A standard team consisting of trauma counselors (locally trained lay practitioners), may serve as a first-level of service providers in terms of trauma-related counseling as well as treatment of psycho-somatic condi- tions. They could also serve as mediators in cases of social adversity (e.g. family violence, extreme poverty, abuse and neglect of children). For the set-up of the treatment it has to be ensured that it is culturally acceptable (i.e. cultural acceptable gender and age match of trauma counselor and client).Sensitization and public awareness programmes on mental health and related psycho-social issues should also be developed and informed by the work of the commu- nity-based local staff. The focus of such programms should be sensitizing the community to the symptoms experienced by those who suffer from mental illness and impairment of associated functioning. This will involve strong efforts to de-stigmatize the conditions faced by psychologically-affected individuals. They should also provide information on access to care.Ideally, specialized treatment to address mental health should be offered to both civil- ians and ex-combatants in a community-based structure. Every DDR programme within a post-conflict setting is confronted with the challenge of reintegrating ex-combatants into a society which is itself recovering from trauma. Offering psychosocial care in a commu- nity-based structure for both former ex-combatants and civilians will foster reconciliation and make it possible for both groups to learn about each other\u2019s experiences during the war. In this way, psychosocial care does not only support the individual to heal, but can foster the restoration of the social fabric. Thus, a DDR programme may refer mentally-ill ex-combatants who cannot be treated through basic counseling to a common health ser- vice structure.Most importantly, all interventions have to be carried out within a framework of implementation research, including micro-level analysis. It will be important to con- duct impact evaluations on effectiveness and efficiency of trauma treatment, functioning recovery pre- and post-treatment in selected individuals, impact on social cohesion in the community, recovery of occupational functioning, socio-economic indicators, impact on readiness for reconciliation, etc,., on a continuing basis. Without such evaluations, there is the risk that ineffective and sometimes even harmful programmes are extended to regional services. Parallel to these evaluations, a measure of supervision (by master counselor, clinical practitioners) and peer sharing has to be set in motion between community, district practitioners and researchers at national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":893, "Sentence":"In this way, psychosocial care does not only support the individual to heal, but can foster the restoration of the social fabric.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration way psychosocial care support individual heal foster restoration social fabric ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.2. Community-based stepped-care system", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"To adequately assess the existing capacities of local\/regional support systems, an inven- tory and analysis of existing gaps is a first priority. Such an inventory should help to identify the existing local means used to address social and psychosocial issues, poten- tial partners, and the need to create or strengthen a network of practitioners. Next, the capacity of the existing social\/psychosocial support structures as well as new ones (where needed), can be built to provide adequate services. A standard team consisting of trauma counselors (locally trained lay practitioners), may serve as a first-level of service providers in terms of trauma-related counseling as well as treatment of psycho-somatic condi- tions. They could also serve as mediators in cases of social adversity (e.g. family violence, extreme poverty, abuse and neglect of children). For the set-up of the treatment it has to be ensured that it is culturally acceptable (i.e. cultural acceptable gender and age match of trauma counselor and client).Sensitization and public awareness programmes on mental health and related psycho-social issues should also be developed and informed by the work of the commu- nity-based local staff. The focus of such programms should be sensitizing the community to the symptoms experienced by those who suffer from mental illness and impairment of associated functioning. This will involve strong efforts to de-stigmatize the conditions faced by psychologically-affected individuals. They should also provide information on access to care.Ideally, specialized treatment to address mental health should be offered to both civil- ians and ex-combatants in a community-based structure. Every DDR programme within a post-conflict setting is confronted with the challenge of reintegrating ex-combatants into a society which is itself recovering from trauma. Offering psychosocial care in a commu- nity-based structure for both former ex-combatants and civilians will foster reconciliation and make it possible for both groups to learn about each other\u2019s experiences during the war. In this way, psychosocial care does not only support the individual to heal, but can foster the restoration of the social fabric. Thus, a DDR programme may refer mentally-ill ex-combatants who cannot be treated through basic counseling to a common health ser- vice structure.Most importantly, all interventions have to be carried out within a framework of implementation research, including micro-level analysis. It will be important to con- duct impact evaluations on effectiveness and efficiency of trauma treatment, functioning recovery pre- and post-treatment in selected individuals, impact on social cohesion in the community, recovery of occupational functioning, socio-economic indicators, impact on readiness for reconciliation, etc,., on a continuing basis. Without such evaluations, there is the risk that ineffective and sometimes even harmful programmes are extended to regional services. Parallel to these evaluations, a measure of supervision (by master counselor, clinical practitioners) and peer sharing has to be set in motion between community, district practitioners and researchers at national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":893, "Sentence":"Thus, a DDR programme may refer mentally-ill ex-combatants who cannot be treated through basic counseling to a common health ser- vice structure.Most importantly, all interventions have to be carried out within a framework of implementation research, including micro-level analysis.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration thus ddr programme may refer mentallyill excombatants treated basic counseling common health ser vice structure.most importantly intervention carried within framework implementation research including microlevel analysis ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.2. Community-based stepped-care system", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"To adequately assess the existing capacities of local\/regional support systems, an inven- tory and analysis of existing gaps is a first priority. Such an inventory should help to identify the existing local means used to address social and psychosocial issues, poten- tial partners, and the need to create or strengthen a network of practitioners. Next, the capacity of the existing social\/psychosocial support structures as well as new ones (where needed), can be built to provide adequate services. A standard team consisting of trauma counselors (locally trained lay practitioners), may serve as a first-level of service providers in terms of trauma-related counseling as well as treatment of psycho-somatic condi- tions. They could also serve as mediators in cases of social adversity (e.g. family violence, extreme poverty, abuse and neglect of children). For the set-up of the treatment it has to be ensured that it is culturally acceptable (i.e. cultural acceptable gender and age match of trauma counselor and client).Sensitization and public awareness programmes on mental health and related psycho-social issues should also be developed and informed by the work of the commu- nity-based local staff. The focus of such programms should be sensitizing the community to the symptoms experienced by those who suffer from mental illness and impairment of associated functioning. This will involve strong efforts to de-stigmatize the conditions faced by psychologically-affected individuals. They should also provide information on access to care.Ideally, specialized treatment to address mental health should be offered to both civil- ians and ex-combatants in a community-based structure. Every DDR programme within a post-conflict setting is confronted with the challenge of reintegrating ex-combatants into a society which is itself recovering from trauma. Offering psychosocial care in a commu- nity-based structure for both former ex-combatants and civilians will foster reconciliation and make it possible for both groups to learn about each other\u2019s experiences during the war. In this way, psychosocial care does not only support the individual to heal, but can foster the restoration of the social fabric. Thus, a DDR programme may refer mentally-ill ex-combatants who cannot be treated through basic counseling to a common health ser- vice structure.Most importantly, all interventions have to be carried out within a framework of implementation research, including micro-level analysis. It will be important to con- duct impact evaluations on effectiveness and efficiency of trauma treatment, functioning recovery pre- and post-treatment in selected individuals, impact on social cohesion in the community, recovery of occupational functioning, socio-economic indicators, impact on readiness for reconciliation, etc,., on a continuing basis. Without such evaluations, there is the risk that ineffective and sometimes even harmful programmes are extended to regional services. Parallel to these evaluations, a measure of supervision (by master counselor, clinical practitioners) and peer sharing has to be set in motion between community, district practitioners and researchers at national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":893, "Sentence":"It will be important to con- duct impact evaluations on effectiveness and efficiency of trauma treatment, functioning recovery pre- and post-treatment in selected individuals, impact on social cohesion in the community, recovery of occupational functioning, socio-economic indicators, impact on readiness for reconciliation, etc,., on a continuing basis.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration important con duct impact evaluation effectiveness efficiency trauma treatment functioning recovery pre posttreatment selected individual impact social cohesion community recovery occupational functioning socioeconomic indicator impact readiness reconciliation etc . continuing basis ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.2. Community-based stepped-care system", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"To adequately assess the existing capacities of local\/regional support systems, an inven- tory and analysis of existing gaps is a first priority. Such an inventory should help to identify the existing local means used to address social and psychosocial issues, poten- tial partners, and the need to create or strengthen a network of practitioners. Next, the capacity of the existing social\/psychosocial support structures as well as new ones (where needed), can be built to provide adequate services. A standard team consisting of trauma counselors (locally trained lay practitioners), may serve as a first-level of service providers in terms of trauma-related counseling as well as treatment of psycho-somatic condi- tions. They could also serve as mediators in cases of social adversity (e.g. family violence, extreme poverty, abuse and neglect of children). For the set-up of the treatment it has to be ensured that it is culturally acceptable (i.e. cultural acceptable gender and age match of trauma counselor and client).Sensitization and public awareness programmes on mental health and related psycho-social issues should also be developed and informed by the work of the commu- nity-based local staff. The focus of such programms should be sensitizing the community to the symptoms experienced by those who suffer from mental illness and impairment of associated functioning. This will involve strong efforts to de-stigmatize the conditions faced by psychologically-affected individuals. They should also provide information on access to care.Ideally, specialized treatment to address mental health should be offered to both civil- ians and ex-combatants in a community-based structure. Every DDR programme within a post-conflict setting is confronted with the challenge of reintegrating ex-combatants into a society which is itself recovering from trauma. Offering psychosocial care in a commu- nity-based structure for both former ex-combatants and civilians will foster reconciliation and make it possible for both groups to learn about each other\u2019s experiences during the war. In this way, psychosocial care does not only support the individual to heal, but can foster the restoration of the social fabric. Thus, a DDR programme may refer mentally-ill ex-combatants who cannot be treated through basic counseling to a common health ser- vice structure.Most importantly, all interventions have to be carried out within a framework of implementation research, including micro-level analysis. It will be important to con- duct impact evaluations on effectiveness and efficiency of trauma treatment, functioning recovery pre- and post-treatment in selected individuals, impact on social cohesion in the community, recovery of occupational functioning, socio-economic indicators, impact on readiness for reconciliation, etc,., on a continuing basis. Without such evaluations, there is the risk that ineffective and sometimes even harmful programmes are extended to regional services. Parallel to these evaluations, a measure of supervision (by master counselor, clinical practitioners) and peer sharing has to be set in motion between community, district practitioners and researchers at national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":893, "Sentence":"Without such evaluations, there is the risk that ineffective and sometimes even harmful programmes are extended to regional services.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration without evaluation risk ineffective sometimes even harmful programme extended regional service ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.5. Housing, land and property dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"10.6. Psychosocial services", "Heading4":"10.6.2. Community-based stepped-care system", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"To adequately assess the existing capacities of local\/regional support systems, an inven- tory and analysis of existing gaps is a first priority. Such an inventory should help to identify the existing local means used to address social and psychosocial issues, poten- tial partners, and the need to create or strengthen a network of practitioners. Next, the capacity of the existing social\/psychosocial support structures as well as new ones (where needed), can be built to provide adequate services. A standard team consisting of trauma counselors (locally trained lay practitioners), may serve as a first-level of service providers in terms of trauma-related counseling as well as treatment of psycho-somatic condi- tions. They could also serve as mediators in cases of social adversity (e.g. family violence, extreme poverty, abuse and neglect of children). For the set-up of the treatment it has to be ensured that it is culturally acceptable (i.e. cultural acceptable gender and age match of trauma counselor and client).Sensitization and public awareness programmes on mental health and related psycho-social issues should also be developed and informed by the work of the commu- nity-based local staff. The focus of such programms should be sensitizing the community to the symptoms experienced by those who suffer from mental illness and impairment of associated functioning. This will involve strong efforts to de-stigmatize the conditions faced by psychologically-affected individuals. They should also provide information on access to care.Ideally, specialized treatment to address mental health should be offered to both civil- ians and ex-combatants in a community-based structure. Every DDR programme within a post-conflict setting is confronted with the challenge of reintegrating ex-combatants into a society which is itself recovering from trauma. Offering psychosocial care in a commu- nity-based structure for both former ex-combatants and civilians will foster reconciliation and make it possible for both groups to learn about each other\u2019s experiences during the war. In this way, psychosocial care does not only support the individual to heal, but can foster the restoration of the social fabric. Thus, a DDR programme may refer mentally-ill ex-combatants who cannot be treated through basic counseling to a common health ser- vice structure.Most importantly, all interventions have to be carried out within a framework of implementation research, including micro-level analysis. It will be important to con- duct impact evaluations on effectiveness and efficiency of trauma treatment, functioning recovery pre- and post-treatment in selected individuals, impact on social cohesion in the community, recovery of occupational functioning, socio-economic indicators, impact on readiness for reconciliation, etc,., on a continuing basis. Without such evaluations, there is the risk that ineffective and sometimes even harmful programmes are extended to regional services. Parallel to these evaluations, a measure of supervision (by master counselor, clinical practitioners) and peer sharing has to be set in motion between community, district practitioners and researchers at national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":893, "Sentence":"Parallel to these evaluations, a measure of supervision (by master counselor, clinical practitioners) and peer sharing has to be set in motion between community, district practitioners and researchers at national level.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration parallel evaluation measure supervision master counselor clinical practitioner peer sharing set motion community district practitioner researcher national level ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"If an ex-combatants\u2019 life expectancy is short due to war-related injuries or other illnesses, no degree of reintegration assistance will achieve its aim. Experience has shown that untreated wounded, ill and terminal ex-combatants constitute the most violent and dis- ruptive elements within any immediate post-conflict environment. Immediate health care assistance should therefore be provided during DDR from the very earliest stage.Planning for such assistance should include issues of sustainability by ensuring that ex-combatants are not a distinct target group for medical assistance, but receive care along with members of their communities of return\/choice. Support should also be given to the main caregivers in receptor communities.The demobilization process provides a first opportunity to brief ex-combatants on key health issues. Former combatants are likely to suffer a range of both short- and long- term health problems that can affect both their own reintegration prospects and receptor communities. In addition to basic medical screening and treatment for wounds and dis- eases, particular attention should be directed towards the needs of those with disabilities, those infected with HIV\/AIDS, the chronically ill, and those experiencing psychosocial trauma and related illnesses. As in the case of information, counseling and referral, the services may start during the demobilization process, but continue into and, in some cases go beyond, the reintegration programme (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":894, "Sentence":"If an ex-combatants\u2019 life expectancy is short due to war-related injuries or other illnesses, no degree of reintegration assistance will achieve its aim.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration excombatants \u2019 life expectancy short due warrelated injury illness degree reintegration assistance achieve aim ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"If an ex-combatants\u2019 life expectancy is short due to war-related injuries or other illnesses, no degree of reintegration assistance will achieve its aim. Experience has shown that untreated wounded, ill and terminal ex-combatants constitute the most violent and dis- ruptive elements within any immediate post-conflict environment. Immediate health care assistance should therefore be provided during DDR from the very earliest stage.Planning for such assistance should include issues of sustainability by ensuring that ex-combatants are not a distinct target group for medical assistance, but receive care along with members of their communities of return\/choice. Support should also be given to the main caregivers in receptor communities.The demobilization process provides a first opportunity to brief ex-combatants on key health issues. Former combatants are likely to suffer a range of both short- and long- term health problems that can affect both their own reintegration prospects and receptor communities. In addition to basic medical screening and treatment for wounds and dis- eases, particular attention should be directed towards the needs of those with disabilities, those infected with HIV\/AIDS, the chronically ill, and those experiencing psychosocial trauma and related illnesses. As in the case of information, counseling and referral, the services may start during the demobilization process, but continue into and, in some cases go beyond, the reintegration programme (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":894, "Sentence":"Experience has shown that untreated wounded, ill and terminal ex-combatants constitute the most violent and dis- ruptive elements within any immediate post-conflict environment.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration experience shown untreated wounded ill terminal excombatants constitute violent dis ruptive element within immediate postconflict environment ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"If an ex-combatants\u2019 life expectancy is short due to war-related injuries or other illnesses, no degree of reintegration assistance will achieve its aim. Experience has shown that untreated wounded, ill and terminal ex-combatants constitute the most violent and dis- ruptive elements within any immediate post-conflict environment. Immediate health care assistance should therefore be provided during DDR from the very earliest stage.Planning for such assistance should include issues of sustainability by ensuring that ex-combatants are not a distinct target group for medical assistance, but receive care along with members of their communities of return\/choice. Support should also be given to the main caregivers in receptor communities.The demobilization process provides a first opportunity to brief ex-combatants on key health issues. Former combatants are likely to suffer a range of both short- and long- term health problems that can affect both their own reintegration prospects and receptor communities. In addition to basic medical screening and treatment for wounds and dis- eases, particular attention should be directed towards the needs of those with disabilities, those infected with HIV\/AIDS, the chronically ill, and those experiencing psychosocial trauma and related illnesses. As in the case of information, counseling and referral, the services may start during the demobilization process, but continue into and, in some cases go beyond, the reintegration programme (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":894, "Sentence":"Immediate health care assistance should therefore be provided during DDR from the very earliest stage.Planning for such assistance should include issues of sustainability by ensuring that ex-combatants are not a distinct target group for medical assistance, but receive care along with members of their communities of return\/choice.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration immediate health care assistance therefore provided ddr earliest stage.planning assistance include issue sustainability ensuring excombatants distinct target group medical assistance receive care along member community return\/choice ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"If an ex-combatants\u2019 life expectancy is short due to war-related injuries or other illnesses, no degree of reintegration assistance will achieve its aim. Experience has shown that untreated wounded, ill and terminal ex-combatants constitute the most violent and dis- ruptive elements within any immediate post-conflict environment. Immediate health care assistance should therefore be provided during DDR from the very earliest stage.Planning for such assistance should include issues of sustainability by ensuring that ex-combatants are not a distinct target group for medical assistance, but receive care along with members of their communities of return\/choice. Support should also be given to the main caregivers in receptor communities.The demobilization process provides a first opportunity to brief ex-combatants on key health issues. Former combatants are likely to suffer a range of both short- and long- term health problems that can affect both their own reintegration prospects and receptor communities. In addition to basic medical screening and treatment for wounds and dis- eases, particular attention should be directed towards the needs of those with disabilities, those infected with HIV\/AIDS, the chronically ill, and those experiencing psychosocial trauma and related illnesses. As in the case of information, counseling and referral, the services may start during the demobilization process, but continue into and, in some cases go beyond, the reintegration programme (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":894, "Sentence":"Support should also be given to the main caregivers in receptor communities.The demobilization process provides a first opportunity to brief ex-combatants on key health issues.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration support also given main caregiver receptor communities.the demobilization process provides first opportunity brief excombatants key health issue ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"If an ex-combatants\u2019 life expectancy is short due to war-related injuries or other illnesses, no degree of reintegration assistance will achieve its aim. Experience has shown that untreated wounded, ill and terminal ex-combatants constitute the most violent and dis- ruptive elements within any immediate post-conflict environment. Immediate health care assistance should therefore be provided during DDR from the very earliest stage.Planning for such assistance should include issues of sustainability by ensuring that ex-combatants are not a distinct target group for medical assistance, but receive care along with members of their communities of return\/choice. Support should also be given to the main caregivers in receptor communities.The demobilization process provides a first opportunity to brief ex-combatants on key health issues. Former combatants are likely to suffer a range of both short- and long- term health problems that can affect both their own reintegration prospects and receptor communities. In addition to basic medical screening and treatment for wounds and dis- eases, particular attention should be directed towards the needs of those with disabilities, those infected with HIV\/AIDS, the chronically ill, and those experiencing psychosocial trauma and related illnesses. As in the case of information, counseling and referral, the services may start during the demobilization process, but continue into and, in some cases go beyond, the reintegration programme (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":894, "Sentence":"Former combatants are likely to suffer a range of both short- and long- term health problems that can affect both their own reintegration prospects and receptor communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration former combatant likely suffer range short long term health problem affect reintegration prospect receptor community ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"If an ex-combatants\u2019 life expectancy is short due to war-related injuries or other illnesses, no degree of reintegration assistance will achieve its aim. Experience has shown that untreated wounded, ill and terminal ex-combatants constitute the most violent and dis- ruptive elements within any immediate post-conflict environment. Immediate health care assistance should therefore be provided during DDR from the very earliest stage.Planning for such assistance should include issues of sustainability by ensuring that ex-combatants are not a distinct target group for medical assistance, but receive care along with members of their communities of return\/choice. Support should also be given to the main caregivers in receptor communities.The demobilization process provides a first opportunity to brief ex-combatants on key health issues. Former combatants are likely to suffer a range of both short- and long- term health problems that can affect both their own reintegration prospects and receptor communities. In addition to basic medical screening and treatment for wounds and dis- eases, particular attention should be directed towards the needs of those with disabilities, those infected with HIV\/AIDS, the chronically ill, and those experiencing psychosocial trauma and related illnesses. As in the case of information, counseling and referral, the services may start during the demobilization process, but continue into and, in some cases go beyond, the reintegration programme (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":894, "Sentence":"In addition to basic medical screening and treatment for wounds and dis- eases, particular attention should be directed towards the needs of those with disabilities, those infected with HIV\/AIDS, the chronically ill, and those experiencing psychosocial trauma and related illnesses.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration addition basic medical screening treatment wound dis eas particular attention directed towards need disability infected hiv\/aids chronically ill experiencing psychosocial trauma related illness ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"If an ex-combatants\u2019 life expectancy is short due to war-related injuries or other illnesses, no degree of reintegration assistance will achieve its aim. Experience has shown that untreated wounded, ill and terminal ex-combatants constitute the most violent and dis- ruptive elements within any immediate post-conflict environment. Immediate health care assistance should therefore be provided during DDR from the very earliest stage.Planning for such assistance should include issues of sustainability by ensuring that ex-combatants are not a distinct target group for medical assistance, but receive care along with members of their communities of return\/choice. Support should also be given to the main caregivers in receptor communities.The demobilization process provides a first opportunity to brief ex-combatants on key health issues. Former combatants are likely to suffer a range of both short- and long- term health problems that can affect both their own reintegration prospects and receptor communities. In addition to basic medical screening and treatment for wounds and dis- eases, particular attention should be directed towards the needs of those with disabilities, those infected with HIV\/AIDS, the chronically ill, and those experiencing psychosocial trauma and related illnesses. As in the case of information, counseling and referral, the services may start during the demobilization process, but continue into and, in some cases go beyond, the reintegration programme (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":894, "Sentence":"As in the case of information, counseling and referral, the services may start during the demobilization process, but continue into and, in some cases go beyond, the reintegration programme (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration case information counseling referral service may start demobilization process continue case go beyond reintegration programme also see iddrs 5.70 health ddr ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"10.7.1. HIV\/AIDS", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"The conditions that exist during conflict increase risk of infection for HIV and other sexu- ally transmitted infections (STIs), and can have a devastating effect on access to essential information, care and treatment. The lack of a safe blood supply; the shortage of clean equipment for injecting drug users; an insufficient supply of condoms and health care; and the widespread practice of sexual and gender-based violence, both as a weapon of war and as a means to discipline and control people (especially women and girls within armed forces and groups), are just a few examples of the ways conflict can heighten risk of HIV infection (see Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information).In addition, a growing body of evidence shows that immediate post-conflict and recovery phases, including the reintegration process, involve heightened risk of HIV trans- mission due to the re-opening of borders and other formerly inaccessible areas, increased mobility, the return of displaced populations, and other factors.Often, regardless of actual HIV status, receptor communities may perceive ex-com- batants as HIV-positive and react with discrimination or stigmatization. In many cases, these negative reactions from communities are a result of fear due to misinformation about HIV and AIDS. Discrimination against or stigmatization of (potentially) HIV-in- fected individuals can be countered with appropriate sensitization campaigns.DDR can provide an opportunity to plan and implement essential HIV\/AIDS initi- atives, in close coordination with broader recovery and humanitarian assistance at the community level and the National AIDS Control Programme (see section 9 of Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information on planning and implementing HIV\/AIDS activities in the reinsertion and reintegration phases). These services can be integrated into existing reintegration packages through the development of joint programming and strategic partnerships. Furthermore, with the right engagement and training, former com- batants have the potential to become agents of change by assisting in their communities with HIV prevention and awareness activities.HIV initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization, and should be linked wherever possible with the broader recovery and humanitarian assis- tance provided at the community level, and to National AIDS Control Programmes. Activities such as peer education training in HIV prevention and awareness can begin prior to demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":895, "Sentence":"The conditions that exist during conflict increase risk of infection for HIV and other sexu- ally transmitted infections (STIs), and can have a devastating effect on access to essential information, care and treatment.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration condition exist conflict increase risk infection hiv sexu ally transmitted infection stis devastating effect access essential information care treatment ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"10.7.1. HIV\/AIDS", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"The conditions that exist during conflict increase risk of infection for HIV and other sexu- ally transmitted infections (STIs), and can have a devastating effect on access to essential information, care and treatment. The lack of a safe blood supply; the shortage of clean equipment for injecting drug users; an insufficient supply of condoms and health care; and the widespread practice of sexual and gender-based violence, both as a weapon of war and as a means to discipline and control people (especially women and girls within armed forces and groups), are just a few examples of the ways conflict can heighten risk of HIV infection (see Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information).In addition, a growing body of evidence shows that immediate post-conflict and recovery phases, including the reintegration process, involve heightened risk of HIV trans- mission due to the re-opening of borders and other formerly inaccessible areas, increased mobility, the return of displaced populations, and other factors.Often, regardless of actual HIV status, receptor communities may perceive ex-com- batants as HIV-positive and react with discrimination or stigmatization. In many cases, these negative reactions from communities are a result of fear due to misinformation about HIV and AIDS. Discrimination against or stigmatization of (potentially) HIV-in- fected individuals can be countered with appropriate sensitization campaigns.DDR can provide an opportunity to plan and implement essential HIV\/AIDS initi- atives, in close coordination with broader recovery and humanitarian assistance at the community level and the National AIDS Control Programme (see section 9 of Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information on planning and implementing HIV\/AIDS activities in the reinsertion and reintegration phases). These services can be integrated into existing reintegration packages through the development of joint programming and strategic partnerships. Furthermore, with the right engagement and training, former com- batants have the potential to become agents of change by assisting in their communities with HIV prevention and awareness activities.HIV initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization, and should be linked wherever possible with the broader recovery and humanitarian assis- tance provided at the community level, and to National AIDS Control Programmes. Activities such as peer education training in HIV prevention and awareness can begin prior to demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":895, "Sentence":"The lack of a safe blood supply; the shortage of clean equipment for injecting drug users; an insufficient supply of condoms and health care; and the widespread practice of sexual and gender-based violence, both as a weapon of war and as a means to discipline and control people (especially women and girls within armed forces and groups), are just a few examples of the ways conflict can heighten risk of HIV infection (see Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information).In addition, a growing body of evidence shows that immediate post-conflict and recovery phases, including the reintegration process, involve heightened risk of HIV trans- mission due to the re-opening of borders and other formerly inaccessible areas, increased mobility, the return of displaced populations, and other factors.Often, regardless of actual HIV status, receptor communities may perceive ex-com- batants as HIV-positive and react with discrimination or stigmatization.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration lack safe blood supply shortage clean equipment injecting drug user insufficient supply condom health care widespread practice sexual genderbased violence weapon war mean discipline control people especially woman girl within armed force group example way conflict heighten risk hiv infection see module 5.60 hiv\/aids ddr information.in addition growing body evidence show immediate postconflict recovery phase including reintegration process involve heightened risk hiv trans mission due reopening border formerly inaccessible area increased mobility return displaced population factors.often regardless actual hiv status receptor community may perceive excom batants hivpositive react discrimination stigmatization ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"10.7.1. HIV\/AIDS", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"The conditions that exist during conflict increase risk of infection for HIV and other sexu- ally transmitted infections (STIs), and can have a devastating effect on access to essential information, care and treatment. The lack of a safe blood supply; the shortage of clean equipment for injecting drug users; an insufficient supply of condoms and health care; and the widespread practice of sexual and gender-based violence, both as a weapon of war and as a means to discipline and control people (especially women and girls within armed forces and groups), are just a few examples of the ways conflict can heighten risk of HIV infection (see Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information).In addition, a growing body of evidence shows that immediate post-conflict and recovery phases, including the reintegration process, involve heightened risk of HIV trans- mission due to the re-opening of borders and other formerly inaccessible areas, increased mobility, the return of displaced populations, and other factors.Often, regardless of actual HIV status, receptor communities may perceive ex-com- batants as HIV-positive and react with discrimination or stigmatization. In many cases, these negative reactions from communities are a result of fear due to misinformation about HIV and AIDS. Discrimination against or stigmatization of (potentially) HIV-in- fected individuals can be countered with appropriate sensitization campaigns.DDR can provide an opportunity to plan and implement essential HIV\/AIDS initi- atives, in close coordination with broader recovery and humanitarian assistance at the community level and the National AIDS Control Programme (see section 9 of Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information on planning and implementing HIV\/AIDS activities in the reinsertion and reintegration phases). These services can be integrated into existing reintegration packages through the development of joint programming and strategic partnerships. Furthermore, with the right engagement and training, former com- batants have the potential to become agents of change by assisting in their communities with HIV prevention and awareness activities.HIV initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization, and should be linked wherever possible with the broader recovery and humanitarian assis- tance provided at the community level, and to National AIDS Control Programmes. Activities such as peer education training in HIV prevention and awareness can begin prior to demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":895, "Sentence":"In many cases, these negative reactions from communities are a result of fear due to misinformation about HIV and AIDS.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration many case negative reaction community result fear due misinformation hiv aid ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"10.7.1. HIV\/AIDS", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"The conditions that exist during conflict increase risk of infection for HIV and other sexu- ally transmitted infections (STIs), and can have a devastating effect on access to essential information, care and treatment. The lack of a safe blood supply; the shortage of clean equipment for injecting drug users; an insufficient supply of condoms and health care; and the widespread practice of sexual and gender-based violence, both as a weapon of war and as a means to discipline and control people (especially women and girls within armed forces and groups), are just a few examples of the ways conflict can heighten risk of HIV infection (see Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information).In addition, a growing body of evidence shows that immediate post-conflict and recovery phases, including the reintegration process, involve heightened risk of HIV trans- mission due to the re-opening of borders and other formerly inaccessible areas, increased mobility, the return of displaced populations, and other factors.Often, regardless of actual HIV status, receptor communities may perceive ex-com- batants as HIV-positive and react with discrimination or stigmatization. In many cases, these negative reactions from communities are a result of fear due to misinformation about HIV and AIDS. Discrimination against or stigmatization of (potentially) HIV-in- fected individuals can be countered with appropriate sensitization campaigns.DDR can provide an opportunity to plan and implement essential HIV\/AIDS initi- atives, in close coordination with broader recovery and humanitarian assistance at the community level and the National AIDS Control Programme (see section 9 of Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information on planning and implementing HIV\/AIDS activities in the reinsertion and reintegration phases). These services can be integrated into existing reintegration packages through the development of joint programming and strategic partnerships. Furthermore, with the right engagement and training, former com- batants have the potential to become agents of change by assisting in their communities with HIV prevention and awareness activities.HIV initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization, and should be linked wherever possible with the broader recovery and humanitarian assis- tance provided at the community level, and to National AIDS Control Programmes. Activities such as peer education training in HIV prevention and awareness can begin prior to demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":895, "Sentence":"Discrimination against or stigmatization of (potentially) HIV-in- fected individuals can be countered with appropriate sensitization campaigns.DDR can provide an opportunity to plan and implement essential HIV\/AIDS initi- atives, in close coordination with broader recovery and humanitarian assistance at the community level and the National AIDS Control Programme (see section 9 of Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information on planning and implementing HIV\/AIDS activities in the reinsertion and reintegration phases).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration discrimination stigmatization potentially hivin fected individual countered appropriate sensitization campaigns.ddr provide opportunity plan implement essential hiv\/aids initi atives close coordination broader recovery humanitarian assistance community level national aid control programme see section 9 module 5.60 hiv\/aids ddr information planning implementing hiv\/aids activity reinsertion reintegration phase ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"10.7.1. HIV\/AIDS", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"The conditions that exist during conflict increase risk of infection for HIV and other sexu- ally transmitted infections (STIs), and can have a devastating effect on access to essential information, care and treatment. The lack of a safe blood supply; the shortage of clean equipment for injecting drug users; an insufficient supply of condoms and health care; and the widespread practice of sexual and gender-based violence, both as a weapon of war and as a means to discipline and control people (especially women and girls within armed forces and groups), are just a few examples of the ways conflict can heighten risk of HIV infection (see Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information).In addition, a growing body of evidence shows that immediate post-conflict and recovery phases, including the reintegration process, involve heightened risk of HIV trans- mission due to the re-opening of borders and other formerly inaccessible areas, increased mobility, the return of displaced populations, and other factors.Often, regardless of actual HIV status, receptor communities may perceive ex-com- batants as HIV-positive and react with discrimination or stigmatization. In many cases, these negative reactions from communities are a result of fear due to misinformation about HIV and AIDS. Discrimination against or stigmatization of (potentially) HIV-in- fected individuals can be countered with appropriate sensitization campaigns.DDR can provide an opportunity to plan and implement essential HIV\/AIDS initi- atives, in close coordination with broader recovery and humanitarian assistance at the community level and the National AIDS Control Programme (see section 9 of Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information on planning and implementing HIV\/AIDS activities in the reinsertion and reintegration phases). These services can be integrated into existing reintegration packages through the development of joint programming and strategic partnerships. Furthermore, with the right engagement and training, former com- batants have the potential to become agents of change by assisting in their communities with HIV prevention and awareness activities.HIV initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization, and should be linked wherever possible with the broader recovery and humanitarian assis- tance provided at the community level, and to National AIDS Control Programmes. Activities such as peer education training in HIV prevention and awareness can begin prior to demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":895, "Sentence":"These services can be integrated into existing reintegration packages through the development of joint programming and strategic partnerships.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration service integrated existing reintegration package development joint programming strategic partnership ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"10.7.1. HIV\/AIDS", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"The conditions that exist during conflict increase risk of infection for HIV and other sexu- ally transmitted infections (STIs), and can have a devastating effect on access to essential information, care and treatment. The lack of a safe blood supply; the shortage of clean equipment for injecting drug users; an insufficient supply of condoms and health care; and the widespread practice of sexual and gender-based violence, both as a weapon of war and as a means to discipline and control people (especially women and girls within armed forces and groups), are just a few examples of the ways conflict can heighten risk of HIV infection (see Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information).In addition, a growing body of evidence shows that immediate post-conflict and recovery phases, including the reintegration process, involve heightened risk of HIV trans- mission due to the re-opening of borders and other formerly inaccessible areas, increased mobility, the return of displaced populations, and other factors.Often, regardless of actual HIV status, receptor communities may perceive ex-com- batants as HIV-positive and react with discrimination or stigmatization. In many cases, these negative reactions from communities are a result of fear due to misinformation about HIV and AIDS. Discrimination against or stigmatization of (potentially) HIV-in- fected individuals can be countered with appropriate sensitization campaigns.DDR can provide an opportunity to plan and implement essential HIV\/AIDS initi- atives, in close coordination with broader recovery and humanitarian assistance at the community level and the National AIDS Control Programme (see section 9 of Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information on planning and implementing HIV\/AIDS activities in the reinsertion and reintegration phases). These services can be integrated into existing reintegration packages through the development of joint programming and strategic partnerships. Furthermore, with the right engagement and training, former com- batants have the potential to become agents of change by assisting in their communities with HIV prevention and awareness activities.HIV initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization, and should be linked wherever possible with the broader recovery and humanitarian assis- tance provided at the community level, and to National AIDS Control Programmes. Activities such as peer education training in HIV prevention and awareness can begin prior to demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":895, "Sentence":"Furthermore, with the right engagement and training, former com- batants have the potential to become agents of change by assisting in their communities with HIV prevention and awareness activities.HIV initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization, and should be linked wherever possible with the broader recovery and humanitarian assis- tance provided at the community level, and to National AIDS Control Programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration furthermore right engagement training former com batants potential become agent change assisting community hiv prevention awareness activities.hiv initiative need start receiving community demobilization linked wherever possible broader recovery humanitarian assis tance provided community level national aid control programme ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"10.7.1. HIV\/AIDS", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"The conditions that exist during conflict increase risk of infection for HIV and other sexu- ally transmitted infections (STIs), and can have a devastating effect on access to essential information, care and treatment. The lack of a safe blood supply; the shortage of clean equipment for injecting drug users; an insufficient supply of condoms and health care; and the widespread practice of sexual and gender-based violence, both as a weapon of war and as a means to discipline and control people (especially women and girls within armed forces and groups), are just a few examples of the ways conflict can heighten risk of HIV infection (see Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information).In addition, a growing body of evidence shows that immediate post-conflict and recovery phases, including the reintegration process, involve heightened risk of HIV trans- mission due to the re-opening of borders and other formerly inaccessible areas, increased mobility, the return of displaced populations, and other factors.Often, regardless of actual HIV status, receptor communities may perceive ex-com- batants as HIV-positive and react with discrimination or stigmatization. In many cases, these negative reactions from communities are a result of fear due to misinformation about HIV and AIDS. Discrimination against or stigmatization of (potentially) HIV-in- fected individuals can be countered with appropriate sensitization campaigns.DDR can provide an opportunity to plan and implement essential HIV\/AIDS initi- atives, in close coordination with broader recovery and humanitarian assistance at the community level and the National AIDS Control Programme (see section 9 of Module 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR for more information on planning and implementing HIV\/AIDS activities in the reinsertion and reintegration phases). These services can be integrated into existing reintegration packages through the development of joint programming and strategic partnerships. Furthermore, with the right engagement and training, former com- batants have the potential to become agents of change by assisting in their communities with HIV prevention and awareness activities.HIV initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization, and should be linked wherever possible with the broader recovery and humanitarian assis- tance provided at the community level, and to National AIDS Control Programmes. Activities such as peer education training in HIV prevention and awareness can begin prior to demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":895, "Sentence":"Activities such as peer education training in HIV prevention and awareness can begin prior to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration activity peer education training hiv prevention awareness begin prior demobilization ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"10.7.2. Persons with disabilities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"War leaves behind large numbers of injured people, including both civilians and com- batants. Ex-combatants with disabilities should be treated equally to others injured or affected by conflict. This group should be included in general reintegration pro- grammes, not excluded from them, i.e. many ex-combatants with disabilities can and should benefit from the same programmes and services made available to non-disabled ex-combatants.Some ex-combatants with disabilities will require long-term medical care and family support. While some will receive some form of pension and medical assistance (especially if they were part of a government force), most disabled ex-combatants who were part of informal armed groups will not receive long-term assistance.In places where the health infrastructure has been damaged or destroyed, attention must be paid to informal care providers \u2014 often women and girls \u2014 who care for disabled combatants. In addition, support structures must be put into place to lessen the largely unpaid burden of the care that these informal providers carry.DDR programmes must also plan for participants with disabilities by agreeing on and arranging for alternative methods of transport of supplies or kits given to partici- pants. These may include livelihoods kits, food supplies, or other vocational materials. Assistance and special planning for these groups during reintegration should be included in the assessment and planning phases of DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":896, "Sentence":"War leaves behind large numbers of injured people, including both civilians and com- batants.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration war leaf behind large number injured people including civilian com batants ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"10.7.2. Persons with disabilities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"War leaves behind large numbers of injured people, including both civilians and com- batants. Ex-combatants with disabilities should be treated equally to others injured or affected by conflict. This group should be included in general reintegration pro- grammes, not excluded from them, i.e. many ex-combatants with disabilities can and should benefit from the same programmes and services made available to non-disabled ex-combatants.Some ex-combatants with disabilities will require long-term medical care and family support. While some will receive some form of pension and medical assistance (especially if they were part of a government force), most disabled ex-combatants who were part of informal armed groups will not receive long-term assistance.In places where the health infrastructure has been damaged or destroyed, attention must be paid to informal care providers \u2014 often women and girls \u2014 who care for disabled combatants. In addition, support structures must be put into place to lessen the largely unpaid burden of the care that these informal providers carry.DDR programmes must also plan for participants with disabilities by agreeing on and arranging for alternative methods of transport of supplies or kits given to partici- pants. These may include livelihoods kits, food supplies, or other vocational materials. Assistance and special planning for these groups during reintegration should be included in the assessment and planning phases of DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":896, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants with disabilities should be treated equally to others injured or affected by conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration excombatants disability treated equally others injured affected conflict ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"10.7.2. Persons with disabilities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"War leaves behind large numbers of injured people, including both civilians and com- batants. Ex-combatants with disabilities should be treated equally to others injured or affected by conflict. This group should be included in general reintegration pro- grammes, not excluded from them, i.e. many ex-combatants with disabilities can and should benefit from the same programmes and services made available to non-disabled ex-combatants.Some ex-combatants with disabilities will require long-term medical care and family support. While some will receive some form of pension and medical assistance (especially if they were part of a government force), most disabled ex-combatants who were part of informal armed groups will not receive long-term assistance.In places where the health infrastructure has been damaged or destroyed, attention must be paid to informal care providers \u2014 often women and girls \u2014 who care for disabled combatants. In addition, support structures must be put into place to lessen the largely unpaid burden of the care that these informal providers carry.DDR programmes must also plan for participants with disabilities by agreeing on and arranging for alternative methods of transport of supplies or kits given to partici- pants. These may include livelihoods kits, food supplies, or other vocational materials. Assistance and special planning for these groups during reintegration should be included in the assessment and planning phases of DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":896, "Sentence":"This group should be included in general reintegration pro- grammes, not excluded from them, i.e.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration group included general reintegration pro gramme excluded i.e ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"10.7.2. Persons with disabilities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"War leaves behind large numbers of injured people, including both civilians and com- batants. Ex-combatants with disabilities should be treated equally to others injured or affected by conflict. This group should be included in general reintegration pro- grammes, not excluded from them, i.e. many ex-combatants with disabilities can and should benefit from the same programmes and services made available to non-disabled ex-combatants.Some ex-combatants with disabilities will require long-term medical care and family support. While some will receive some form of pension and medical assistance (especially if they were part of a government force), most disabled ex-combatants who were part of informal armed groups will not receive long-term assistance.In places where the health infrastructure has been damaged or destroyed, attention must be paid to informal care providers \u2014 often women and girls \u2014 who care for disabled combatants. In addition, support structures must be put into place to lessen the largely unpaid burden of the care that these informal providers carry.DDR programmes must also plan for participants with disabilities by agreeing on and arranging for alternative methods of transport of supplies or kits given to partici- pants. These may include livelihoods kits, food supplies, or other vocational materials. Assistance and special planning for these groups during reintegration should be included in the assessment and planning phases of DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":896, "Sentence":"many ex-combatants with disabilities can and should benefit from the same programmes and services made available to non-disabled ex-combatants.Some ex-combatants with disabilities will require long-term medical care and family support.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration many excombatants disability benefit programme service made available nondisabled excombatants.some excombatants disability require longterm medical care family support ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"10.7.2. Persons with disabilities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"War leaves behind large numbers of injured people, including both civilians and com- batants. Ex-combatants with disabilities should be treated equally to others injured or affected by conflict. This group should be included in general reintegration pro- grammes, not excluded from them, i.e. many ex-combatants with disabilities can and should benefit from the same programmes and services made available to non-disabled ex-combatants.Some ex-combatants with disabilities will require long-term medical care and family support. While some will receive some form of pension and medical assistance (especially if they were part of a government force), most disabled ex-combatants who were part of informal armed groups will not receive long-term assistance.In places where the health infrastructure has been damaged or destroyed, attention must be paid to informal care providers \u2014 often women and girls \u2014 who care for disabled combatants. In addition, support structures must be put into place to lessen the largely unpaid burden of the care that these informal providers carry.DDR programmes must also plan for participants with disabilities by agreeing on and arranging for alternative methods of transport of supplies or kits given to partici- pants. These may include livelihoods kits, food supplies, or other vocational materials. Assistance and special planning for these groups during reintegration should be included in the assessment and planning phases of DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":896, "Sentence":"While some will receive some form of pension and medical assistance (especially if they were part of a government force), most disabled ex-combatants who were part of informal armed groups will not receive long-term assistance.In places where the health infrastructure has been damaged or destroyed, attention must be paid to informal care providers \u2014 often women and girls \u2014 who care for disabled combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration receive form pension medical assistance especially part government force disabled excombatants part informal armed group receive longterm assistance.in place health infrastructure damaged destroyed attention must paid informal care provider \u2014 often woman girl \u2014 care disabled combatant ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"10.7.2. Persons with disabilities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"War leaves behind large numbers of injured people, including both civilians and com- batants. Ex-combatants with disabilities should be treated equally to others injured or affected by conflict. This group should be included in general reintegration pro- grammes, not excluded from them, i.e. many ex-combatants with disabilities can and should benefit from the same programmes and services made available to non-disabled ex-combatants.Some ex-combatants with disabilities will require long-term medical care and family support. While some will receive some form of pension and medical assistance (especially if they were part of a government force), most disabled ex-combatants who were part of informal armed groups will not receive long-term assistance.In places where the health infrastructure has been damaged or destroyed, attention must be paid to informal care providers \u2014 often women and girls \u2014 who care for disabled combatants. In addition, support structures must be put into place to lessen the largely unpaid burden of the care that these informal providers carry.DDR programmes must also plan for participants with disabilities by agreeing on and arranging for alternative methods of transport of supplies or kits given to partici- pants. These may include livelihoods kits, food supplies, or other vocational materials. Assistance and special planning for these groups during reintegration should be included in the assessment and planning phases of DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":896, "Sentence":"In addition, support structures must be put into place to lessen the largely unpaid burden of the care that these informal providers carry.DDR programmes must also plan for participants with disabilities by agreeing on and arranging for alternative methods of transport of supplies or kits given to partici- pants.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration addition support structure must put place lessen largely unpaid burden care informal provider carry.ddr programme must also plan participant disability agreeing arranging alternative method transport supply kit given partici pant ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"10.7.2. Persons with disabilities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"War leaves behind large numbers of injured people, including both civilians and com- batants. Ex-combatants with disabilities should be treated equally to others injured or affected by conflict. This group should be included in general reintegration pro- grammes, not excluded from them, i.e. many ex-combatants with disabilities can and should benefit from the same programmes and services made available to non-disabled ex-combatants.Some ex-combatants with disabilities will require long-term medical care and family support. While some will receive some form of pension and medical assistance (especially if they were part of a government force), most disabled ex-combatants who were part of informal armed groups will not receive long-term assistance.In places where the health infrastructure has been damaged or destroyed, attention must be paid to informal care providers \u2014 often women and girls \u2014 who care for disabled combatants. In addition, support structures must be put into place to lessen the largely unpaid burden of the care that these informal providers carry.DDR programmes must also plan for participants with disabilities by agreeing on and arranging for alternative methods of transport of supplies or kits given to partici- pants. These may include livelihoods kits, food supplies, or other vocational materials. Assistance and special planning for these groups during reintegration should be included in the assessment and planning phases of DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":896, "Sentence":"These may include livelihoods kits, food supplies, or other vocational materials.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration may include livelihood kit food supply vocational material ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"10.7.2. Persons with disabilities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"War leaves behind large numbers of injured people, including both civilians and com- batants. Ex-combatants with disabilities should be treated equally to others injured or affected by conflict. This group should be included in general reintegration pro- grammes, not excluded from them, i.e. many ex-combatants with disabilities can and should benefit from the same programmes and services made available to non-disabled ex-combatants.Some ex-combatants with disabilities will require long-term medical care and family support. While some will receive some form of pension and medical assistance (especially if they were part of a government force), most disabled ex-combatants who were part of informal armed groups will not receive long-term assistance.In places where the health infrastructure has been damaged or destroyed, attention must be paid to informal care providers \u2014 often women and girls \u2014 who care for disabled combatants. In addition, support structures must be put into place to lessen the largely unpaid burden of the care that these informal providers carry.DDR programmes must also plan for participants with disabilities by agreeing on and arranging for alternative methods of transport of supplies or kits given to partici- pants. These may include livelihoods kits, food supplies, or other vocational materials. Assistance and special planning for these groups during reintegration should be included in the assessment and planning phases of DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":896, "Sentence":"Assistance and special planning for these groups during reintegration should be included in the assessment and planning phases of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration assistance special planning group reintegration included assessment planning phase ddr ." }, { "ID":75, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"10.7.3. Reproductive health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"The provision of reproductive health services, which should start as soon as the demo- bilization registration and screening process has identified specific needs, should be continued, as appropriate, during reintegration. Linkages should be made to public or private national and\/or community health facilities. Preferential or subsidized access may still be required, particularly in those cases where the lack of continued treatment can in itself create a renewed public threat, such as HIV\/AIDS, drug abuse and psycho- logical illness.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":897, "Sentence":"The provision of reproductive health services, which should start as soon as the demo- bilization registration and screening process has identified specific needs, should be continued, as appropriate, during reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration provision reproductive health service start soon demo bilization registration screening process identified specific need continued appropriate reintegration ." }, { "ID":75, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"10.7.3. Reproductive health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"The provision of reproductive health services, which should start as soon as the demo- bilization registration and screening process has identified specific needs, should be continued, as appropriate, during reintegration. Linkages should be made to public or private national and\/or community health facilities. Preferential or subsidized access may still be required, particularly in those cases where the lack of continued treatment can in itself create a renewed public threat, such as HIV\/AIDS, drug abuse and psycho- logical illness.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":897, "Sentence":"Linkages should be made to public or private national and\/or community health facilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration linkage made public private national and\/or community health facility ." }, { "ID":75, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"10. Social\/Psychosocial reintegration", "Heading2":"10.7. Medical and physical health issues", "Heading3":"10.7.3. Reproductive health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"The provision of reproductive health services, which should start as soon as the demo- bilization registration and screening process has identified specific needs, should be continued, as appropriate, during reintegration. Linkages should be made to public or private national and\/or community health facilities. Preferential or subsidized access may still be required, particularly in those cases where the lack of continued treatment can in itself create a renewed public threat, such as HIV\/AIDS, drug abuse and psycho- logical illness.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":897, "Sentence":"Preferential or subsidized access may still be required, particularly in those cases where the lack of continued treatment can in itself create a renewed public threat, such as HIV\/AIDS, drug abuse and psycho- logical illness.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration preferential subsidized access may still required particularly case lack continued treatment create renewed public threat hiv\/aids drug abuse psycho logical illness ." }, { "ID":76, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":50, "Paragraph":"Political reintegration is the involvement and participation of ex-combatants and people associated with armed forces and groups\u2014and the communities to which they return\u2014in post-conflict decision- and policy-making processes at the national, regional and commu- nity levels. Political reintegration activities include providing ex-combatants and other war-affected individuals with the support, training, technical assitance and knowledge to vote, form political parties and extend their civil and political rights as part of the overar- ching democratic and transitional processes in their communities and countries.It is important to differentiate between political reintegration and the political nature of DDR and other peace-building processes. Almost without exception, DDR processes are part of an overarching political strategy to induce armed actors to exchange violence for dialogue and compromise through power-sharing and electoral participation. In that it aims to reestablish the State as the sole authority over the use of violence, DDR is inherently part of the overall political strategy during peacemaking, peacekeeping and peace-building. While political reintegration is related to this strategy, its goals are far more specific, focusing on integrating programme participants into the political processes of their communities and countries at both the individual and group level.If properly executed, political reintegration will allow for the legitimate grievances and concerns of ex-combatants and former armed groups to be voiced in a socially-con- structive and peaceful manner that addresses root causes of conflict.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":898, "Sentence":"Political reintegration is the involvement and participation of ex-combatants and people associated with armed forces and groups\u2014and the communities to which they return\u2014in post-conflict decision- and policy-making processes at the national, regional and commu- nity levels.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration political reintegration involvement participation excombatants people associated armed force groups\u2014and community return\u2014in postconflict decision policymaking process national regional commu nity level ." }, { "ID":76, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":50, "Paragraph":"Political reintegration is the involvement and participation of ex-combatants and people associated with armed forces and groups\u2014and the communities to which they return\u2014in post-conflict decision- and policy-making processes at the national, regional and commu- nity levels. Political reintegration activities include providing ex-combatants and other war-affected individuals with the support, training, technical assitance and knowledge to vote, form political parties and extend their civil and political rights as part of the overar- ching democratic and transitional processes in their communities and countries.It is important to differentiate between political reintegration and the political nature of DDR and other peace-building processes. Almost without exception, DDR processes are part of an overarching political strategy to induce armed actors to exchange violence for dialogue and compromise through power-sharing and electoral participation. In that it aims to reestablish the State as the sole authority over the use of violence, DDR is inherently part of the overall political strategy during peacemaking, peacekeeping and peace-building. While political reintegration is related to this strategy, its goals are far more specific, focusing on integrating programme participants into the political processes of their communities and countries at both the individual and group level.If properly executed, political reintegration will allow for the legitimate grievances and concerns of ex-combatants and former armed groups to be voiced in a socially-con- structive and peaceful manner that addresses root causes of conflict.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":898, "Sentence":"Political reintegration activities include providing ex-combatants and other war-affected individuals with the support, training, technical assitance and knowledge to vote, form political parties and extend their civil and political rights as part of the overar- ching democratic and transitional processes in their communities and countries.It is important to differentiate between political reintegration and the political nature of DDR and other peace-building processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration political reintegration activity include providing excombatants waraffected individual support training technical assitance knowledge vote form political party extend civil political right part overar ching democratic transitional process community countries.it important differentiate political reintegration political nature ddr peacebuilding process ." }, { "ID":76, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":50, "Paragraph":"Political reintegration is the involvement and participation of ex-combatants and people associated with armed forces and groups\u2014and the communities to which they return\u2014in post-conflict decision- and policy-making processes at the national, regional and commu- nity levels. Political reintegration activities include providing ex-combatants and other war-affected individuals with the support, training, technical assitance and knowledge to vote, form political parties and extend their civil and political rights as part of the overar- ching democratic and transitional processes in their communities and countries.It is important to differentiate between political reintegration and the political nature of DDR and other peace-building processes. Almost without exception, DDR processes are part of an overarching political strategy to induce armed actors to exchange violence for dialogue and compromise through power-sharing and electoral participation. In that it aims to reestablish the State as the sole authority over the use of violence, DDR is inherently part of the overall political strategy during peacemaking, peacekeeping and peace-building. While political reintegration is related to this strategy, its goals are far more specific, focusing on integrating programme participants into the political processes of their communities and countries at both the individual and group level.If properly executed, political reintegration will allow for the legitimate grievances and concerns of ex-combatants and former armed groups to be voiced in a socially-con- structive and peaceful manner that addresses root causes of conflict.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":898, "Sentence":"Almost without exception, DDR processes are part of an overarching political strategy to induce armed actors to exchange violence for dialogue and compromise through power-sharing and electoral participation.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration almost without exception ddr process part overarching political strategy induce armed actor exchange violence dialogue compromise powersharing electoral participation ." }, { "ID":76, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":50, "Paragraph":"Political reintegration is the involvement and participation of ex-combatants and people associated with armed forces and groups\u2014and the communities to which they return\u2014in post-conflict decision- and policy-making processes at the national, regional and commu- nity levels. Political reintegration activities include providing ex-combatants and other war-affected individuals with the support, training, technical assitance and knowledge to vote, form political parties and extend their civil and political rights as part of the overar- ching democratic and transitional processes in their communities and countries.It is important to differentiate between political reintegration and the political nature of DDR and other peace-building processes. Almost without exception, DDR processes are part of an overarching political strategy to induce armed actors to exchange violence for dialogue and compromise through power-sharing and electoral participation. In that it aims to reestablish the State as the sole authority over the use of violence, DDR is inherently part of the overall political strategy during peacemaking, peacekeeping and peace-building. While political reintegration is related to this strategy, its goals are far more specific, focusing on integrating programme participants into the political processes of their communities and countries at both the individual and group level.If properly executed, political reintegration will allow for the legitimate grievances and concerns of ex-combatants and former armed groups to be voiced in a socially-con- structive and peaceful manner that addresses root causes of conflict.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":898, "Sentence":"In that it aims to reestablish the State as the sole authority over the use of violence, DDR is inherently part of the overall political strategy during peacemaking, peacekeeping and peace-building.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration aim reestablish state sole authority use violence ddr inherently part overall political strategy peacemaking peacekeeping peacebuilding ." }, { "ID":76, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":50, "Paragraph":"Political reintegration is the involvement and participation of ex-combatants and people associated with armed forces and groups\u2014and the communities to which they return\u2014in post-conflict decision- and policy-making processes at the national, regional and commu- nity levels. Political reintegration activities include providing ex-combatants and other war-affected individuals with the support, training, technical assitance and knowledge to vote, form political parties and extend their civil and political rights as part of the overar- ching democratic and transitional processes in their communities and countries.It is important to differentiate between political reintegration and the political nature of DDR and other peace-building processes. Almost without exception, DDR processes are part of an overarching political strategy to induce armed actors to exchange violence for dialogue and compromise through power-sharing and electoral participation. In that it aims to reestablish the State as the sole authority over the use of violence, DDR is inherently part of the overall political strategy during peacemaking, peacekeeping and peace-building. While political reintegration is related to this strategy, its goals are far more specific, focusing on integrating programme participants into the political processes of their communities and countries at both the individual and group level.If properly executed, political reintegration will allow for the legitimate grievances and concerns of ex-combatants and former armed groups to be voiced in a socially-con- structive and peaceful manner that addresses root causes of conflict.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":898, "Sentence":"While political reintegration is related to this strategy, its goals are far more specific, focusing on integrating programme participants into the political processes of their communities and countries at both the individual and group level.If properly executed, political reintegration will allow for the legitimate grievances and concerns of ex-combatants and former armed groups to be voiced in a socially-con- structive and peaceful manner that addresses root causes of conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration political reintegration related strategy goal far specific focusing integrating programme participant political process community country individual group level.if properly executed political reintegration allow legitimate grievance concern excombatants former armed group voiced sociallycon structive peaceful manner address root cause conflict ." }, { "ID":77, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.1. Types of political reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Generally, political reintegration occurs along two broad trajectories, namely at the group level and the individual level, as follows: \\n Group level: At the group level, political reintegration is transformative in that it seeks to aid in transforming a group or organization from an illegally armed entity into a legit- imate political party or civilian unit operating within the legal parameters of the state. \\n Individual level: At the individual level, political reintegration is restorative in that it involves restoring an ex-combatant\u2019s (and other programme participants\u2019) deci- sion-making power within a given community in relation to his\/her citizen status within that community.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":899, "Sentence":"Generally, political reintegration occurs along two broad trajectories, namely at the group level and the individual level, as follows: \\n Group level: At the group level, political reintegration is transformative in that it seeks to aid in transforming a group or organization from an illegally armed entity into a legit- imate political party or civilian unit operating within the legal parameters of the state.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration generally political reintegration occurs along two broad trajectory namely group level individual level follows n group level group level political reintegration transformative seek aid transforming group organization illegally armed entity legit imate political party civilian unit operating within legal parameter state ." }, { "ID":77, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.1. Types of political reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Generally, political reintegration occurs along two broad trajectories, namely at the group level and the individual level, as follows: \\n Group level: At the group level, political reintegration is transformative in that it seeks to aid in transforming a group or organization from an illegally armed entity into a legit- imate political party or civilian unit operating within the legal parameters of the state. \\n Individual level: At the individual level, political reintegration is restorative in that it involves restoring an ex-combatant\u2019s (and other programme participants\u2019) deci- sion-making power within a given community in relation to his\/her citizen status within that community.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":899, "Sentence":"\\n Individual level: At the individual level, political reintegration is restorative in that it involves restoring an ex-combatant\u2019s (and other programme participants\u2019) deci- sion-making power within a given community in relation to his\/her citizen status within that community.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n individual level individual level political reintegration restorative involves restoring excombatant \u2019 programme participant \u2019 deci sionmaking power within given community relation his\/her citizen status within community ." }, { "ID":78, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.1. Types of political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.1.1. Group level political reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Aiding former armed forces and groups and ex-combatants to form political parties and peaceful civilian movements is essential to ensuring that grievances and visions for soci- ety continue to be expressed in a non-violent manner in the post-conflict period. Group level political reintegration is most evidently seen in transformations of armed groups into political parties that seek to enter or re-enter the political arena as a way to advance their claims and perspectives.While a successful transformation from armed group to political party can yield a plethora of benefits for citizens and the overall democratization process, new political parties in post-conflict societies often lack the capacity, structural organization, resources, political knowledge and legitimacy necessary to successfully compete in the political arena. Moreover, individual ex-combatants and armed groups often face a number of uncertainties concerning how they will fare in the post-conflict period. Without proper guidance and careful monitoring, emerging political parties can likely face failure or even do more harm than good.Given such complexities, when planning and designing political reintegration interventions, DDR practitioners must consider the following key factors influencing the viability and outcome of group level political transformations of armed forces and groups: \\n Nature of the peace (e.g. negotiated peace agreement, military victory, etc.); \\n Post-conflict security situation; \\n Motivation(s) of armed group (keeping in mind that such motivations can change over time); \\n Degree of popular support and perceived legitimacy; \\n Degree of political experience and capacity; \\n Leadership capacities; \\n Organizational structure; \\n Resources, funding and technical support; \\n Criminal prosecutions and transitional justice measures.Notably, group level political reintegration processes largely depend on both the country context and form of the peace settlement established. In the case of a negotiated peace agreement, for instance, political reintegration typically involves the transforma- tion of armed groups (both political and military wings) into political parties, usually in tandem with a mix of DDR processes linked to larger SSR efforts. Political reintegration in cases of military victory, however, involve a different set of considerations that are less-de- fined and require further research and experiential understanding at this point in time. In cases where political reintegration is part and parcel of a CPA, explicit programming in DDR is more evident.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":900, "Sentence":"Aiding former armed forces and groups and ex-combatants to form political parties and peaceful civilian movements is essential to ensuring that grievances and visions for soci- ety continue to be expressed in a non-violent manner in the post-conflict period.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration aiding former armed force group excombatants form political party peaceful civilian movement essential ensuring grievance vision soci ety continue expressed nonviolent manner postconflict period ." }, { "ID":78, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.1. Types of political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.1.1. Group level political reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Aiding former armed forces and groups and ex-combatants to form political parties and peaceful civilian movements is essential to ensuring that grievances and visions for soci- ety continue to be expressed in a non-violent manner in the post-conflict period. Group level political reintegration is most evidently seen in transformations of armed groups into political parties that seek to enter or re-enter the political arena as a way to advance their claims and perspectives.While a successful transformation from armed group to political party can yield a plethora of benefits for citizens and the overall democratization process, new political parties in post-conflict societies often lack the capacity, structural organization, resources, political knowledge and legitimacy necessary to successfully compete in the political arena. Moreover, individual ex-combatants and armed groups often face a number of uncertainties concerning how they will fare in the post-conflict period. Without proper guidance and careful monitoring, emerging political parties can likely face failure or even do more harm than good.Given such complexities, when planning and designing political reintegration interventions, DDR practitioners must consider the following key factors influencing the viability and outcome of group level political transformations of armed forces and groups: \\n Nature of the peace (e.g. negotiated peace agreement, military victory, etc.); \\n Post-conflict security situation; \\n Motivation(s) of armed group (keeping in mind that such motivations can change over time); \\n Degree of popular support and perceived legitimacy; \\n Degree of political experience and capacity; \\n Leadership capacities; \\n Organizational structure; \\n Resources, funding and technical support; \\n Criminal prosecutions and transitional justice measures.Notably, group level political reintegration processes largely depend on both the country context and form of the peace settlement established. In the case of a negotiated peace agreement, for instance, political reintegration typically involves the transforma- tion of armed groups (both political and military wings) into political parties, usually in tandem with a mix of DDR processes linked to larger SSR efforts. Political reintegration in cases of military victory, however, involve a different set of considerations that are less-de- fined and require further research and experiential understanding at this point in time. In cases where political reintegration is part and parcel of a CPA, explicit programming in DDR is more evident.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":900, "Sentence":"Group level political reintegration is most evidently seen in transformations of armed groups into political parties that seek to enter or re-enter the political arena as a way to advance their claims and perspectives.While a successful transformation from armed group to political party can yield a plethora of benefits for citizens and the overall democratization process, new political parties in post-conflict societies often lack the capacity, structural organization, resources, political knowledge and legitimacy necessary to successfully compete in the political arena.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration group level political reintegration evidently seen transformation armed group political party seek enter reenter political arena way advance claim perspectives.while successful transformation armed group political party yield plethora benefit citizen overall democratization process new political party postconflict society often lack capacity structural organization resource political knowledge legitimacy necessary successfully compete political arena ." }, { "ID":78, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.1. Types of political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.1.1. Group level political reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Aiding former armed forces and groups and ex-combatants to form political parties and peaceful civilian movements is essential to ensuring that grievances and visions for soci- ety continue to be expressed in a non-violent manner in the post-conflict period. Group level political reintegration is most evidently seen in transformations of armed groups into political parties that seek to enter or re-enter the political arena as a way to advance their claims and perspectives.While a successful transformation from armed group to political party can yield a plethora of benefits for citizens and the overall democratization process, new political parties in post-conflict societies often lack the capacity, structural organization, resources, political knowledge and legitimacy necessary to successfully compete in the political arena. Moreover, individual ex-combatants and armed groups often face a number of uncertainties concerning how they will fare in the post-conflict period. Without proper guidance and careful monitoring, emerging political parties can likely face failure or even do more harm than good.Given such complexities, when planning and designing political reintegration interventions, DDR practitioners must consider the following key factors influencing the viability and outcome of group level political transformations of armed forces and groups: \\n Nature of the peace (e.g. negotiated peace agreement, military victory, etc.); \\n Post-conflict security situation; \\n Motivation(s) of armed group (keeping in mind that such motivations can change over time); \\n Degree of popular support and perceived legitimacy; \\n Degree of political experience and capacity; \\n Leadership capacities; \\n Organizational structure; \\n Resources, funding and technical support; \\n Criminal prosecutions and transitional justice measures.Notably, group level political reintegration processes largely depend on both the country context and form of the peace settlement established. In the case of a negotiated peace agreement, for instance, political reintegration typically involves the transforma- tion of armed groups (both political and military wings) into political parties, usually in tandem with a mix of DDR processes linked to larger SSR efforts. Political reintegration in cases of military victory, however, involve a different set of considerations that are less-de- fined and require further research and experiential understanding at this point in time. In cases where political reintegration is part and parcel of a CPA, explicit programming in DDR is more evident.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":900, "Sentence":"Moreover, individual ex-combatants and armed groups often face a number of uncertainties concerning how they will fare in the post-conflict period.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration moreover individual excombatants armed group often face number uncertainty concerning fare postconflict period ." }, { "ID":78, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.1. Types of political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.1.1. Group level political reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Aiding former armed forces and groups and ex-combatants to form political parties and peaceful civilian movements is essential to ensuring that grievances and visions for soci- ety continue to be expressed in a non-violent manner in the post-conflict period. Group level political reintegration is most evidently seen in transformations of armed groups into political parties that seek to enter or re-enter the political arena as a way to advance their claims and perspectives.While a successful transformation from armed group to political party can yield a plethora of benefits for citizens and the overall democratization process, new political parties in post-conflict societies often lack the capacity, structural organization, resources, political knowledge and legitimacy necessary to successfully compete in the political arena. Moreover, individual ex-combatants and armed groups often face a number of uncertainties concerning how they will fare in the post-conflict period. Without proper guidance and careful monitoring, emerging political parties can likely face failure or even do more harm than good.Given such complexities, when planning and designing political reintegration interventions, DDR practitioners must consider the following key factors influencing the viability and outcome of group level political transformations of armed forces and groups: \\n Nature of the peace (e.g. negotiated peace agreement, military victory, etc.); \\n Post-conflict security situation; \\n Motivation(s) of armed group (keeping in mind that such motivations can change over time); \\n Degree of popular support and perceived legitimacy; \\n Degree of political experience and capacity; \\n Leadership capacities; \\n Organizational structure; \\n Resources, funding and technical support; \\n Criminal prosecutions and transitional justice measures.Notably, group level political reintegration processes largely depend on both the country context and form of the peace settlement established. In the case of a negotiated peace agreement, for instance, political reintegration typically involves the transforma- tion of armed groups (both political and military wings) into political parties, usually in tandem with a mix of DDR processes linked to larger SSR efforts. Political reintegration in cases of military victory, however, involve a different set of considerations that are less-de- fined and require further research and experiential understanding at this point in time. In cases where political reintegration is part and parcel of a CPA, explicit programming in DDR is more evident.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":900, "Sentence":"Without proper guidance and careful monitoring, emerging political parties can likely face failure or even do more harm than good.Given such complexities, when planning and designing political reintegration interventions, DDR practitioners must consider the following key factors influencing the viability and outcome of group level political transformations of armed forces and groups: \\n Nature of the peace (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration without proper guidance careful monitoring emerging political party likely face failure even harm good.given complexity planning designing political reintegration intervention ddr practitioner must consider following key factor influencing viability outcome group level political transformation armed force group n nature peace e.g ." }, { "ID":78, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.1. Types of political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.1.1. Group level political reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Aiding former armed forces and groups and ex-combatants to form political parties and peaceful civilian movements is essential to ensuring that grievances and visions for soci- ety continue to be expressed in a non-violent manner in the post-conflict period. Group level political reintegration is most evidently seen in transformations of armed groups into political parties that seek to enter or re-enter the political arena as a way to advance their claims and perspectives.While a successful transformation from armed group to political party can yield a plethora of benefits for citizens and the overall democratization process, new political parties in post-conflict societies often lack the capacity, structural organization, resources, political knowledge and legitimacy necessary to successfully compete in the political arena. Moreover, individual ex-combatants and armed groups often face a number of uncertainties concerning how they will fare in the post-conflict period. Without proper guidance and careful monitoring, emerging political parties can likely face failure or even do more harm than good.Given such complexities, when planning and designing political reintegration interventions, DDR practitioners must consider the following key factors influencing the viability and outcome of group level political transformations of armed forces and groups: \\n Nature of the peace (e.g. negotiated peace agreement, military victory, etc.); \\n Post-conflict security situation; \\n Motivation(s) of armed group (keeping in mind that such motivations can change over time); \\n Degree of popular support and perceived legitimacy; \\n Degree of political experience and capacity; \\n Leadership capacities; \\n Organizational structure; \\n Resources, funding and technical support; \\n Criminal prosecutions and transitional justice measures.Notably, group level political reintegration processes largely depend on both the country context and form of the peace settlement established. In the case of a negotiated peace agreement, for instance, political reintegration typically involves the transforma- tion of armed groups (both political and military wings) into political parties, usually in tandem with a mix of DDR processes linked to larger SSR efforts. Political reintegration in cases of military victory, however, involve a different set of considerations that are less-de- fined and require further research and experiential understanding at this point in time. In cases where political reintegration is part and parcel of a CPA, explicit programming in DDR is more evident.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":900, "Sentence":"negotiated peace agreement, military victory, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration negotiated peace agreement military victory etc ." }, { "ID":78, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.1. Types of political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.1.1. Group level political reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Aiding former armed forces and groups and ex-combatants to form political parties and peaceful civilian movements is essential to ensuring that grievances and visions for soci- ety continue to be expressed in a non-violent manner in the post-conflict period. Group level political reintegration is most evidently seen in transformations of armed groups into political parties that seek to enter or re-enter the political arena as a way to advance their claims and perspectives.While a successful transformation from armed group to political party can yield a plethora of benefits for citizens and the overall democratization process, new political parties in post-conflict societies often lack the capacity, structural organization, resources, political knowledge and legitimacy necessary to successfully compete in the political arena. Moreover, individual ex-combatants and armed groups often face a number of uncertainties concerning how they will fare in the post-conflict period. Without proper guidance and careful monitoring, emerging political parties can likely face failure or even do more harm than good.Given such complexities, when planning and designing political reintegration interventions, DDR practitioners must consider the following key factors influencing the viability and outcome of group level political transformations of armed forces and groups: \\n Nature of the peace (e.g. negotiated peace agreement, military victory, etc.); \\n Post-conflict security situation; \\n Motivation(s) of armed group (keeping in mind that such motivations can change over time); \\n Degree of popular support and perceived legitimacy; \\n Degree of political experience and capacity; \\n Leadership capacities; \\n Organizational structure; \\n Resources, funding and technical support; \\n Criminal prosecutions and transitional justice measures.Notably, group level political reintegration processes largely depend on both the country context and form of the peace settlement established. In the case of a negotiated peace agreement, for instance, political reintegration typically involves the transforma- tion of armed groups (both political and military wings) into political parties, usually in tandem with a mix of DDR processes linked to larger SSR efforts. Political reintegration in cases of military victory, however, involve a different set of considerations that are less-de- fined and require further research and experiential understanding at this point in time. In cases where political reintegration is part and parcel of a CPA, explicit programming in DDR is more evident.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":900, "Sentence":"); \\n Post-conflict security situation; \\n Motivation(s) of armed group (keeping in mind that such motivations can change over time); \\n Degree of popular support and perceived legitimacy; \\n Degree of political experience and capacity; \\n Leadership capacities; \\n Organizational structure; \\n Resources, funding and technical support; \\n Criminal prosecutions and transitional justice measures.Notably, group level political reintegration processes largely depend on both the country context and form of the peace settlement established.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n postconflict security situation n motivation armed group keeping mind motivation change time n degree popular support perceived legitimacy n degree political experience capacity n leadership capacity n organizational structure n resource funding technical support n criminal prosecution transitional justice measures.notably group level political reintegration process largely depend country context form peace settlement established ." }, { "ID":78, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.1. Types of political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.1.1. Group level political reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Aiding former armed forces and groups and ex-combatants to form political parties and peaceful civilian movements is essential to ensuring that grievances and visions for soci- ety continue to be expressed in a non-violent manner in the post-conflict period. Group level political reintegration is most evidently seen in transformations of armed groups into political parties that seek to enter or re-enter the political arena as a way to advance their claims and perspectives.While a successful transformation from armed group to political party can yield a plethora of benefits for citizens and the overall democratization process, new political parties in post-conflict societies often lack the capacity, structural organization, resources, political knowledge and legitimacy necessary to successfully compete in the political arena. Moreover, individual ex-combatants and armed groups often face a number of uncertainties concerning how they will fare in the post-conflict period. Without proper guidance and careful monitoring, emerging political parties can likely face failure or even do more harm than good.Given such complexities, when planning and designing political reintegration interventions, DDR practitioners must consider the following key factors influencing the viability and outcome of group level political transformations of armed forces and groups: \\n Nature of the peace (e.g. negotiated peace agreement, military victory, etc.); \\n Post-conflict security situation; \\n Motivation(s) of armed group (keeping in mind that such motivations can change over time); \\n Degree of popular support and perceived legitimacy; \\n Degree of political experience and capacity; \\n Leadership capacities; \\n Organizational structure; \\n Resources, funding and technical support; \\n Criminal prosecutions and transitional justice measures.Notably, group level political reintegration processes largely depend on both the country context and form of the peace settlement established. In the case of a negotiated peace agreement, for instance, political reintegration typically involves the transforma- tion of armed groups (both political and military wings) into political parties, usually in tandem with a mix of DDR processes linked to larger SSR efforts. Political reintegration in cases of military victory, however, involve a different set of considerations that are less-de- fined and require further research and experiential understanding at this point in time. In cases where political reintegration is part and parcel of a CPA, explicit programming in DDR is more evident.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":900, "Sentence":"In the case of a negotiated peace agreement, for instance, political reintegration typically involves the transforma- tion of armed groups (both political and military wings) into political parties, usually in tandem with a mix of DDR processes linked to larger SSR efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration case negotiated peace agreement instance political reintegration typically involves transforma tion armed group political military wing political party usually tandem mix ddr process linked larger ssr effort ." }, { "ID":78, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.1. Types of political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.1.1. Group level political reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Aiding former armed forces and groups and ex-combatants to form political parties and peaceful civilian movements is essential to ensuring that grievances and visions for soci- ety continue to be expressed in a non-violent manner in the post-conflict period. Group level political reintegration is most evidently seen in transformations of armed groups into political parties that seek to enter or re-enter the political arena as a way to advance their claims and perspectives.While a successful transformation from armed group to political party can yield a plethora of benefits for citizens and the overall democratization process, new political parties in post-conflict societies often lack the capacity, structural organization, resources, political knowledge and legitimacy necessary to successfully compete in the political arena. Moreover, individual ex-combatants and armed groups often face a number of uncertainties concerning how they will fare in the post-conflict period. Without proper guidance and careful monitoring, emerging political parties can likely face failure or even do more harm than good.Given such complexities, when planning and designing political reintegration interventions, DDR practitioners must consider the following key factors influencing the viability and outcome of group level political transformations of armed forces and groups: \\n Nature of the peace (e.g. negotiated peace agreement, military victory, etc.); \\n Post-conflict security situation; \\n Motivation(s) of armed group (keeping in mind that such motivations can change over time); \\n Degree of popular support and perceived legitimacy; \\n Degree of political experience and capacity; \\n Leadership capacities; \\n Organizational structure; \\n Resources, funding and technical support; \\n Criminal prosecutions and transitional justice measures.Notably, group level political reintegration processes largely depend on both the country context and form of the peace settlement established. In the case of a negotiated peace agreement, for instance, political reintegration typically involves the transforma- tion of armed groups (both political and military wings) into political parties, usually in tandem with a mix of DDR processes linked to larger SSR efforts. Political reintegration in cases of military victory, however, involve a different set of considerations that are less-de- fined and require further research and experiential understanding at this point in time. In cases where political reintegration is part and parcel of a CPA, explicit programming in DDR is more evident.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":900, "Sentence":"Political reintegration in cases of military victory, however, involve a different set of considerations that are less-de- fined and require further research and experiential understanding at this point in time.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration political reintegration case military victory however involve different set consideration lessde fined require research experiential understanding point time ." }, { "ID":78, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.1. Types of political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.1.1. Group level political reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Aiding former armed forces and groups and ex-combatants to form political parties and peaceful civilian movements is essential to ensuring that grievances and visions for soci- ety continue to be expressed in a non-violent manner in the post-conflict period. Group level political reintegration is most evidently seen in transformations of armed groups into political parties that seek to enter or re-enter the political arena as a way to advance their claims and perspectives.While a successful transformation from armed group to political party can yield a plethora of benefits for citizens and the overall democratization process, new political parties in post-conflict societies often lack the capacity, structural organization, resources, political knowledge and legitimacy necessary to successfully compete in the political arena. Moreover, individual ex-combatants and armed groups often face a number of uncertainties concerning how they will fare in the post-conflict period. Without proper guidance and careful monitoring, emerging political parties can likely face failure or even do more harm than good.Given such complexities, when planning and designing political reintegration interventions, DDR practitioners must consider the following key factors influencing the viability and outcome of group level political transformations of armed forces and groups: \\n Nature of the peace (e.g. negotiated peace agreement, military victory, etc.); \\n Post-conflict security situation; \\n Motivation(s) of armed group (keeping in mind that such motivations can change over time); \\n Degree of popular support and perceived legitimacy; \\n Degree of political experience and capacity; \\n Leadership capacities; \\n Organizational structure; \\n Resources, funding and technical support; \\n Criminal prosecutions and transitional justice measures.Notably, group level political reintegration processes largely depend on both the country context and form of the peace settlement established. In the case of a negotiated peace agreement, for instance, political reintegration typically involves the transforma- tion of armed groups (both political and military wings) into political parties, usually in tandem with a mix of DDR processes linked to larger SSR efforts. Political reintegration in cases of military victory, however, involve a different set of considerations that are less-de- fined and require further research and experiential understanding at this point in time. In cases where political reintegration is part and parcel of a CPA, explicit programming in DDR is more evident.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":900, "Sentence":"In cases where political reintegration is part and parcel of a CPA, explicit programming in DDR is more evident.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration case political reintegration part parcel cpa explicit programming ddr evident ." }, { "ID":79, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.1. Types of political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.1.2. Individual level political reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Effective political reintegration at the individual level involves empowering citizens by providing them with the knowledge and tools to voice their opinions, vote and take part in the government of their country without fear of intimidation, discrimination, retalia- tion or violence. Due to the nature and duration of a conflict, many ex-combatants and associated groups, particularly youth, may have little or no past experience in taking part in elections or joining a political party. In some cases, authoritative regimes or widespread conflict may have completely prevented the extension of one\u2019s civil and political rights.The right to vote and take part in the political life of one\u2019s country has become a funda- mental tenant in international law and democratic frameworks as outlined in several key human rights instruments, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, the American Declaration of the Right and Duties of Man and the Asian Human Rights Charter.Engaging individual ex-combatants in the political process has the dual advantage of pre-empting them from becoming spoilers to an electoral process while aiming to vest in them the desire and knowledge to exercise their civil rights. Building the capacities of ex-combatants and community members in the various areas of civic participation and democratic governance is found to be a critical step in enabling the political reintegration of national stakeholders.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":901, "Sentence":"Effective political reintegration at the individual level involves empowering citizens by providing them with the knowledge and tools to voice their opinions, vote and take part in the government of their country without fear of intimidation, discrimination, retalia- tion or violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration effective political reintegration individual level involves empowering citizen providing knowledge tool voice opinion vote take part government country without fear intimidation discrimination retalia tion violence ." }, { "ID":79, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.1. Types of political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.1.2. Individual level political reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Effective political reintegration at the individual level involves empowering citizens by providing them with the knowledge and tools to voice their opinions, vote and take part in the government of their country without fear of intimidation, discrimination, retalia- tion or violence. Due to the nature and duration of a conflict, many ex-combatants and associated groups, particularly youth, may have little or no past experience in taking part in elections or joining a political party. In some cases, authoritative regimes or widespread conflict may have completely prevented the extension of one\u2019s civil and political rights.The right to vote and take part in the political life of one\u2019s country has become a funda- mental tenant in international law and democratic frameworks as outlined in several key human rights instruments, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, the American Declaration of the Right and Duties of Man and the Asian Human Rights Charter.Engaging individual ex-combatants in the political process has the dual advantage of pre-empting them from becoming spoilers to an electoral process while aiming to vest in them the desire and knowledge to exercise their civil rights. Building the capacities of ex-combatants and community members in the various areas of civic participation and democratic governance is found to be a critical step in enabling the political reintegration of national stakeholders.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":901, "Sentence":"Due to the nature and duration of a conflict, many ex-combatants and associated groups, particularly youth, may have little or no past experience in taking part in elections or joining a political party.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration due nature duration conflict many excombatants associated group particularly youth may little past experience taking part election joining political party ." }, { "ID":79, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.1. Types of political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.1.2. Individual level political reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Effective political reintegration at the individual level involves empowering citizens by providing them with the knowledge and tools to voice their opinions, vote and take part in the government of their country without fear of intimidation, discrimination, retalia- tion or violence. Due to the nature and duration of a conflict, many ex-combatants and associated groups, particularly youth, may have little or no past experience in taking part in elections or joining a political party. In some cases, authoritative regimes or widespread conflict may have completely prevented the extension of one\u2019s civil and political rights.The right to vote and take part in the political life of one\u2019s country has become a funda- mental tenant in international law and democratic frameworks as outlined in several key human rights instruments, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, the American Declaration of the Right and Duties of Man and the Asian Human Rights Charter.Engaging individual ex-combatants in the political process has the dual advantage of pre-empting them from becoming spoilers to an electoral process while aiming to vest in them the desire and knowledge to exercise their civil rights. Building the capacities of ex-combatants and community members in the various areas of civic participation and democratic governance is found to be a critical step in enabling the political reintegration of national stakeholders.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":901, "Sentence":"In some cases, authoritative regimes or widespread conflict may have completely prevented the extension of one\u2019s civil and political rights.The right to vote and take part in the political life of one\u2019s country has become a funda- mental tenant in international law and democratic frameworks as outlined in several key human rights instruments, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, the American Declaration of the Right and Duties of Man and the Asian Human Rights Charter.Engaging individual ex-combatants in the political process has the dual advantage of pre-empting them from becoming spoilers to an electoral process while aiming to vest in them the desire and knowledge to exercise their civil rights.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration case authoritative regime widespread conflict may completely prevented extension one \u2019 civil political rights.the right vote take part political life one \u2019 country become funda mental tenant international law democratic framework outlined several key human right instrument international covenant civil political right universal declaration human right african charter human people \u2019 right american declaration right duty man asian human right charter.engaging individual excombatants political process dual advantage preempting becoming spoiler electoral process aiming vest desire knowledge exercise civil right ." }, { "ID":79, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.1. Types of political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.1.2. Individual level political reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Effective political reintegration at the individual level involves empowering citizens by providing them with the knowledge and tools to voice their opinions, vote and take part in the government of their country without fear of intimidation, discrimination, retalia- tion or violence. Due to the nature and duration of a conflict, many ex-combatants and associated groups, particularly youth, may have little or no past experience in taking part in elections or joining a political party. In some cases, authoritative regimes or widespread conflict may have completely prevented the extension of one\u2019s civil and political rights.The right to vote and take part in the political life of one\u2019s country has become a funda- mental tenant in international law and democratic frameworks as outlined in several key human rights instruments, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights, the American Declaration of the Right and Duties of Man and the Asian Human Rights Charter.Engaging individual ex-combatants in the political process has the dual advantage of pre-empting them from becoming spoilers to an electoral process while aiming to vest in them the desire and knowledge to exercise their civil rights. Building the capacities of ex-combatants and community members in the various areas of civic participation and democratic governance is found to be a critical step in enabling the political reintegration of national stakeholders.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":901, "Sentence":"Building the capacities of ex-combatants and community members in the various areas of civic participation and democratic governance is found to be a critical step in enabling the political reintegration of national stakeholders.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration building capacity excombatants community member various area civic participation democratic governance found critical step enabling political reintegration national stakeholder ." }, { "ID":80, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.2. Context assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":53, "Paragraph":"In order to determine the role of, relevance of and obstacles to initiating and supporting political reintegration activities, DDR planners should ensure that the assessment and planning phases of DDR programming include questions and analyses that address the context-specific aspects of political reintegration.In preparing and analyzing assessments, DDR planners and reintegration practition- ers should pay close attention to the nature of the peace (e.g. negotiated peace agreement, military victory, etc.) to determine how it might impact DDR participants\u2019 and beneficiar- ies\u2019 ability to form political parties, extend their civil and political rights and take part in the overall democratic transition period.To inform both group level and individual level political reintegration activities, DDR planners should consider asking the following questions, as outlined below:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":902, "Sentence":"In order to determine the role of, relevance of and obstacles to initiating and supporting political reintegration activities, DDR planners should ensure that the assessment and planning phases of DDR programming include questions and analyses that address the context-specific aspects of political reintegration.In preparing and analyzing assessments, DDR planners and reintegration practition- ers should pay close attention to the nature of the peace (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration order determine role relevance obstacle initiating supporting political reintegration activity ddr planner ensure assessment planning phase ddr programming include question analysis address contextspecific aspect political reintegration.in preparing analyzing assessment ddr planner reintegration practition er pay close attention nature peace e.g ." }, { "ID":80, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.2. Context assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":53, "Paragraph":"In order to determine the role of, relevance of and obstacles to initiating and supporting political reintegration activities, DDR planners should ensure that the assessment and planning phases of DDR programming include questions and analyses that address the context-specific aspects of political reintegration.In preparing and analyzing assessments, DDR planners and reintegration practition- ers should pay close attention to the nature of the peace (e.g. negotiated peace agreement, military victory, etc.) to determine how it might impact DDR participants\u2019 and beneficiar- ies\u2019 ability to form political parties, extend their civil and political rights and take part in the overall democratic transition period.To inform both group level and individual level political reintegration activities, DDR planners should consider asking the following questions, as outlined below:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":902, "Sentence":"negotiated peace agreement, military victory, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration negotiated peace agreement military victory etc ." }, { "ID":80, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.2. Context assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":53, "Paragraph":"In order to determine the role of, relevance of and obstacles to initiating and supporting political reintegration activities, DDR planners should ensure that the assessment and planning phases of DDR programming include questions and analyses that address the context-specific aspects of political reintegration.In preparing and analyzing assessments, DDR planners and reintegration practition- ers should pay close attention to the nature of the peace (e.g. negotiated peace agreement, military victory, etc.) to determine how it might impact DDR participants\u2019 and beneficiar- ies\u2019 ability to form political parties, extend their civil and political rights and take part in the overall democratic transition period.To inform both group level and individual level political reintegration activities, DDR planners should consider asking the following questions, as outlined below:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":902, "Sentence":"to determine how it might impact DDR participants\u2019 and beneficiar- ies\u2019 ability to form political parties, extend their civil and political rights and take part in the overall democratic transition period.To inform both group level and individual level political reintegration activities, DDR planners should consider asking the following questions, as outlined below:", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration determine might impact ddr participant \u2019 beneficiar y \u2019 ability form political party extend civil political right take part overall democratic transition period.to inform group level individual level political reintegration activity ddr planner consider asking following question outlined" }, { "ID":81, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.3. Establishing partnerships and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":54, "Paragraph":"It is important to recall that DDR programmes are not vested with the authority or capacity to deliver full-scale political and electoral support. Development of political reintegration programme activities should therefore aim to link closely with relevant organizations and capacities involved specifically in electoral processes and political party development, including national stakeholders, UN agencies, international and regional organizations and NGOs.Within the UN system, the Department of Political Affairs, through its Electoral Assistance Division (EAD), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and existing civil affairs and PI units of UN missions, can be looked to for key guidance on implementing both individual and group political reintegration efforts. Outside the UN system, key multilateral organizations working to provide political party assistance and election observations include the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Organization of American States (OAS) and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA).In addition, leading international actors active in providing relevant assistance include: the German and Swedish party foundations, the National Democratic Insti- tute (NDI) and the International Republican Institute (IRI) in the United States, Britain\u2019s Westminster Foundation for Democracy (WFD), the Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy (NIMD) and Australia\u2019s Centre for Democratic Institutions (CDI). It is impor- tant to emphasize that the majority of these party assistance organizations, although mostly funded by bilateral aid agencies and governments, are independent institutes that are relatively autonomous as regards how, with whom and where they execute their pro- grammes. Where applicable and appropriate, DDR managers should aim to partner with such organizations to build capacity within the DDR programme on political reintegra- tion issues and exchange information regarding best practices.For more information on coordination and partnerships in the area of political rein- tegration, see UNDP\u2019s Elections and Conflict Prevention: A Guide to Analysis, Planning, and Programming, 2009.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":903, "Sentence":"It is important to recall that DDR programmes are not vested with the authority or capacity to deliver full-scale political and electoral support.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration important recall ddr programme vested authority capacity deliver fullscale political electoral support ." }, { "ID":81, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.3. Establishing partnerships and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":54, "Paragraph":"It is important to recall that DDR programmes are not vested with the authority or capacity to deliver full-scale political and electoral support. Development of political reintegration programme activities should therefore aim to link closely with relevant organizations and capacities involved specifically in electoral processes and political party development, including national stakeholders, UN agencies, international and regional organizations and NGOs.Within the UN system, the Department of Political Affairs, through its Electoral Assistance Division (EAD), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and existing civil affairs and PI units of UN missions, can be looked to for key guidance on implementing both individual and group political reintegration efforts. Outside the UN system, key multilateral organizations working to provide political party assistance and election observations include the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Organization of American States (OAS) and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA).In addition, leading international actors active in providing relevant assistance include: the German and Swedish party foundations, the National Democratic Insti- tute (NDI) and the International Republican Institute (IRI) in the United States, Britain\u2019s Westminster Foundation for Democracy (WFD), the Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy (NIMD) and Australia\u2019s Centre for Democratic Institutions (CDI). It is impor- tant to emphasize that the majority of these party assistance organizations, although mostly funded by bilateral aid agencies and governments, are independent institutes that are relatively autonomous as regards how, with whom and where they execute their pro- grammes. Where applicable and appropriate, DDR managers should aim to partner with such organizations to build capacity within the DDR programme on political reintegra- tion issues and exchange information regarding best practices.For more information on coordination and partnerships in the area of political rein- tegration, see UNDP\u2019s Elections and Conflict Prevention: A Guide to Analysis, Planning, and Programming, 2009.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":903, "Sentence":"Development of political reintegration programme activities should therefore aim to link closely with relevant organizations and capacities involved specifically in electoral processes and political party development, including national stakeholders, UN agencies, international and regional organizations and NGOs.Within the UN system, the Department of Political Affairs, through its Electoral Assistance Division (EAD), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and existing civil affairs and PI units of UN missions, can be looked to for key guidance on implementing both individual and group political reintegration efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration development political reintegration programme activity therefore aim link closely relevant organization capacity involved specifically electoral process political party development including national stakeholder un agency international regional organization ngos.within un system department political affair electoral assistance division ead united nation development programme undp existing civil affair pi unit un mission looked key guidance implementing individual group political reintegration effort ." }, { "ID":81, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.3. Establishing partnerships and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":54, "Paragraph":"It is important to recall that DDR programmes are not vested with the authority or capacity to deliver full-scale political and electoral support. Development of political reintegration programme activities should therefore aim to link closely with relevant organizations and capacities involved specifically in electoral processes and political party development, including national stakeholders, UN agencies, international and regional organizations and NGOs.Within the UN system, the Department of Political Affairs, through its Electoral Assistance Division (EAD), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and existing civil affairs and PI units of UN missions, can be looked to for key guidance on implementing both individual and group political reintegration efforts. Outside the UN system, key multilateral organizations working to provide political party assistance and election observations include the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Organization of American States (OAS) and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA).In addition, leading international actors active in providing relevant assistance include: the German and Swedish party foundations, the National Democratic Insti- tute (NDI) and the International Republican Institute (IRI) in the United States, Britain\u2019s Westminster Foundation for Democracy (WFD), the Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy (NIMD) and Australia\u2019s Centre for Democratic Institutions (CDI). It is impor- tant to emphasize that the majority of these party assistance organizations, although mostly funded by bilateral aid agencies and governments, are independent institutes that are relatively autonomous as regards how, with whom and where they execute their pro- grammes. Where applicable and appropriate, DDR managers should aim to partner with such organizations to build capacity within the DDR programme on political reintegra- tion issues and exchange information regarding best practices.For more information on coordination and partnerships in the area of political rein- tegration, see UNDP\u2019s Elections and Conflict Prevention: A Guide to Analysis, Planning, and Programming, 2009.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":903, "Sentence":"Outside the UN system, key multilateral organizations working to provide political party assistance and election observations include the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Organization of American States (OAS) and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA).In addition, leading international actors active in providing relevant assistance include: the German and Swedish party foundations, the National Democratic Insti- tute (NDI) and the International Republican Institute (IRI) in the United States, Britain\u2019s Westminster Foundation for Democracy (WFD), the Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy (NIMD) and Australia\u2019s Centre for Democratic Institutions (CDI).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration outside un system key multilateral organization working provide political party assistance election observation include organization security cooperation europe osce organization american state oas international institute democracy electoral assistance idea.in addition leading international actor active providing relevant assistance include german swedish party foundation national democratic insti tute ndi international republican institute iri united state britain \u2019 westminster foundation democracy wfd netherlands institute multiparty democracy nimd australia \u2019 centre democratic institution cdi ." }, { "ID":81, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.3. Establishing partnerships and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":54, "Paragraph":"It is important to recall that DDR programmes are not vested with the authority or capacity to deliver full-scale political and electoral support. Development of political reintegration programme activities should therefore aim to link closely with relevant organizations and capacities involved specifically in electoral processes and political party development, including national stakeholders, UN agencies, international and regional organizations and NGOs.Within the UN system, the Department of Political Affairs, through its Electoral Assistance Division (EAD), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and existing civil affairs and PI units of UN missions, can be looked to for key guidance on implementing both individual and group political reintegration efforts. Outside the UN system, key multilateral organizations working to provide political party assistance and election observations include the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Organization of American States (OAS) and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA).In addition, leading international actors active in providing relevant assistance include: the German and Swedish party foundations, the National Democratic Insti- tute (NDI) and the International Republican Institute (IRI) in the United States, Britain\u2019s Westminster Foundation for Democracy (WFD), the Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy (NIMD) and Australia\u2019s Centre for Democratic Institutions (CDI). It is impor- tant to emphasize that the majority of these party assistance organizations, although mostly funded by bilateral aid agencies and governments, are independent institutes that are relatively autonomous as regards how, with whom and where they execute their pro- grammes. Where applicable and appropriate, DDR managers should aim to partner with such organizations to build capacity within the DDR programme on political reintegra- tion issues and exchange information regarding best practices.For more information on coordination and partnerships in the area of political rein- tegration, see UNDP\u2019s Elections and Conflict Prevention: A Guide to Analysis, Planning, and Programming, 2009.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":903, "Sentence":"It is impor- tant to emphasize that the majority of these party assistance organizations, although mostly funded by bilateral aid agencies and governments, are independent institutes that are relatively autonomous as regards how, with whom and where they execute their pro- grammes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration impor tant emphasize majority party assistance organization although mostly funded bilateral aid agency government independent institute relatively autonomous regard execute pro gramme ." }, { "ID":81, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.3. Establishing partnerships and coordination mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":54, "Paragraph":"It is important to recall that DDR programmes are not vested with the authority or capacity to deliver full-scale political and electoral support. Development of political reintegration programme activities should therefore aim to link closely with relevant organizations and capacities involved specifically in electoral processes and political party development, including national stakeholders, UN agencies, international and regional organizations and NGOs.Within the UN system, the Department of Political Affairs, through its Electoral Assistance Division (EAD), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and existing civil affairs and PI units of UN missions, can be looked to for key guidance on implementing both individual and group political reintegration efforts. Outside the UN system, key multilateral organizations working to provide political party assistance and election observations include the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Organization of American States (OAS) and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA).In addition, leading international actors active in providing relevant assistance include: the German and Swedish party foundations, the National Democratic Insti- tute (NDI) and the International Republican Institute (IRI) in the United States, Britain\u2019s Westminster Foundation for Democracy (WFD), the Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy (NIMD) and Australia\u2019s Centre for Democratic Institutions (CDI). It is impor- tant to emphasize that the majority of these party assistance organizations, although mostly funded by bilateral aid agencies and governments, are independent institutes that are relatively autonomous as regards how, with whom and where they execute their pro- grammes. Where applicable and appropriate, DDR managers should aim to partner with such organizations to build capacity within the DDR programme on political reintegra- tion issues and exchange information regarding best practices.For more information on coordination and partnerships in the area of political rein- tegration, see UNDP\u2019s Elections and Conflict Prevention: A Guide to Analysis, Planning, and Programming, 2009.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":903, "Sentence":"Where applicable and appropriate, DDR managers should aim to partner with such organizations to build capacity within the DDR programme on political reintegra- tion issues and exchange information regarding best practices.For more information on coordination and partnerships in the area of political rein- tegration, see UNDP\u2019s Elections and Conflict Prevention: A Guide to Analysis, Planning, and Programming, 2009.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration applicable appropriate ddr manager aim partner organization build capacity within ddr programme political reintegra tion issue exchange information regarding best practices.for information coordination partnership area political rein tegration see undp \u2019 election conflict prevention guide analysis planning programming 2009 ." }, { "ID":82, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":55, "Paragraph":"Offering information services and capacity development in the area of civic and political participation is central to creating an enabling environment for the political reintegra- tion of all stakeholders in a DDR process. This may include community sensitization campaigns, education on the nature and functioning of democratic institutions (at the national, regional and\/or local levels), leadership training, and initiatives to foster wom- en\u2019s participation.Focusing on particular subject areas, such as human rights (especially those rights reflected in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) and in the devel- opment of political parties in the methods and processes of democracy, constituency relations, community organizing and participation in dialogue processes that involve other stakeholders and political opponents, is recommended.Specific entry points to build capacity and enhance participation in political processes include, but are not limited to, the following: ", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":904, "Sentence":"Offering information services and capacity development in the area of civic and political participation is central to creating an enabling environment for the political reintegra- tion of all stakeholders in a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration offering information service capacity development area civic political participation central creating enabling environment political reintegra tion stakeholder ddr process ." }, { "ID":82, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":55, "Paragraph":"Offering information services and capacity development in the area of civic and political participation is central to creating an enabling environment for the political reintegra- tion of all stakeholders in a DDR process. This may include community sensitization campaigns, education on the nature and functioning of democratic institutions (at the national, regional and\/or local levels), leadership training, and initiatives to foster wom- en\u2019s participation.Focusing on particular subject areas, such as human rights (especially those rights reflected in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) and in the devel- opment of political parties in the methods and processes of democracy, constituency relations, community organizing and participation in dialogue processes that involve other stakeholders and political opponents, is recommended.Specific entry points to build capacity and enhance participation in political processes include, but are not limited to, the following: ", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":904, "Sentence":"This may include community sensitization campaigns, education on the nature and functioning of democratic institutions (at the national, regional and\/or local levels), leadership training, and initiatives to foster wom- en\u2019s participation.Focusing on particular subject areas, such as human rights (especially those rights reflected in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) and in the devel- opment of political parties in the methods and processes of democracy, constituency relations, community organizing and participation in dialogue processes that involve other stakeholders and political opponents, is recommended.Specific entry points to build capacity and enhance participation in political processes include, but are not limited to, the following:", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration may include community sensitization campaign education nature functioning democratic institution national regional and\/or local level leadership training initiative foster wom en \u2019 participation.focusing particular subject area human right especially right reflected international covenant civil political right devel opment political party method process democracy constituency relation community organizing participation dialogue process involve stakeholder political opponent recommended.specific entry point build capacity enhance participation political process include limited following" }, { "ID":83, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.4.1. Public information and sensitization campaigns on civil and political rights ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":55, "Paragraph":"Communities of return should receive sensitization related to political reintegration and the accompanying peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":905, "Sentence":"Communities of return should receive sensitization related to political reintegration and the accompanying peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration community return receive sensitization related political reintegration accompanying peace process ." }, { "ID":84, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.4.2. Access to social benefits", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":55, "Paragraph":"Reintegration practitioners should support access to social benefits through access to identity cards, social security documents, and voter and property registration.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":906, "Sentence":"Reintegration practitioners should support access to social benefits through access to identity cards, social security documents, and voter and property registration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration practitioner support access social benefit access identity card social security document voter property registration ." }, { "ID":85, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.4.3. Civic and voter education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":55, "Paragraph":"In order to build capacity and enhance participation in the democratic process, DDR programmes should support civic and voter education. This may include providing edu- cation or referrals to education opportunities on the nature and functioning of democratic institutions at the national, regional and\/or local levels. Civic education on the country\u2019s comprehensive peace agreement (where applicable) or peace process should be consid- ered. At the local level, approaches to human rights education that draw from \u201cstreet law\u201d may be particularly effective, such as the practical application of citizens\u2019 rights, such as freedom of expression, the right to dissent, and the right to vote in secrecy in electoral processes that are free of coercion or intimidation, may be particularly effective.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":907, "Sentence":"In order to build capacity and enhance participation in the democratic process, DDR programmes should support civic and voter education.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration order build capacity enhance participation democratic process ddr programme support civic voter education ." }, { "ID":85, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.4.3. Civic and voter education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":55, "Paragraph":"In order to build capacity and enhance participation in the democratic process, DDR programmes should support civic and voter education. This may include providing edu- cation or referrals to education opportunities on the nature and functioning of democratic institutions at the national, regional and\/or local levels. Civic education on the country\u2019s comprehensive peace agreement (where applicable) or peace process should be consid- ered. At the local level, approaches to human rights education that draw from \u201cstreet law\u201d may be particularly effective, such as the practical application of citizens\u2019 rights, such as freedom of expression, the right to dissent, and the right to vote in secrecy in electoral processes that are free of coercion or intimidation, may be particularly effective.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":907, "Sentence":"This may include providing edu- cation or referrals to education opportunities on the nature and functioning of democratic institutions at the national, regional and\/or local levels.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration may include providing edu cation referral education opportunity nature functioning democratic institution national regional and\/or local level ." }, { "ID":85, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.4.3. Civic and voter education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":55, "Paragraph":"In order to build capacity and enhance participation in the democratic process, DDR programmes should support civic and voter education. This may include providing edu- cation or referrals to education opportunities on the nature and functioning of democratic institutions at the national, regional and\/or local levels. Civic education on the country\u2019s comprehensive peace agreement (where applicable) or peace process should be consid- ered. At the local level, approaches to human rights education that draw from \u201cstreet law\u201d may be particularly effective, such as the practical application of citizens\u2019 rights, such as freedom of expression, the right to dissent, and the right to vote in secrecy in electoral processes that are free of coercion or intimidation, may be particularly effective.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":907, "Sentence":"Civic education on the country\u2019s comprehensive peace agreement (where applicable) or peace process should be consid- ered.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration civic education country \u2019 comprehensive peace agreement applicable peace process consid ered ." }, { "ID":85, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.4.3. Civic and voter education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":55, "Paragraph":"In order to build capacity and enhance participation in the democratic process, DDR programmes should support civic and voter education. This may include providing edu- cation or referrals to education opportunities on the nature and functioning of democratic institutions at the national, regional and\/or local levels. Civic education on the country\u2019s comprehensive peace agreement (where applicable) or peace process should be consid- ered. At the local level, approaches to human rights education that draw from \u201cstreet law\u201d may be particularly effective, such as the practical application of citizens\u2019 rights, such as freedom of expression, the right to dissent, and the right to vote in secrecy in electoral processes that are free of coercion or intimidation, may be particularly effective.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":907, "Sentence":"At the local level, approaches to human rights education that draw from \u201cstreet law\u201d may be particularly effective, such as the practical application of citizens\u2019 rights, such as freedom of expression, the right to dissent, and the right to vote in secrecy in electoral processes that are free of coercion or intimidation, may be particularly effective.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration local level approach human right education draw \u201c street law \u201d may particularly effective practical application citizen \u2019 right freedom expression right dissent right vote secrecy electoral process free coercion intimidation may particularly effective ." }, { "ID":86, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.4.4. Leadership training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":55, "Paragraph":"Senior DDR managers can serve in an advisory capacity to senior government and military officials on issues concerning political reintegration. Through implementing leadership training, DDR programmes will aim to facilitate and increase the legitimacy and support received by newly-established political leaders. DDR managers should consider undergo- ing targeted training in leadership and political negotiation that is IDDRS compliant.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":908, "Sentence":"Senior DDR managers can serve in an advisory capacity to senior government and military officials on issues concerning political reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration senior ddr manager serve advisory capacity senior government military official issue concerning political reintegration ." }, { "ID":86, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.4.4. Leadership training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":55, "Paragraph":"Senior DDR managers can serve in an advisory capacity to senior government and military officials on issues concerning political reintegration. Through implementing leadership training, DDR programmes will aim to facilitate and increase the legitimacy and support received by newly-established political leaders. DDR managers should consider undergo- ing targeted training in leadership and political negotiation that is IDDRS compliant.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":908, "Sentence":"Through implementing leadership training, DDR programmes will aim to facilitate and increase the legitimacy and support received by newly-established political leaders.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration implementing leadership training ddr programme aim facilitate increase legitimacy support received newlyestablished political leader ." }, { "ID":86, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.4.4. Leadership training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":55, "Paragraph":"Senior DDR managers can serve in an advisory capacity to senior government and military officials on issues concerning political reintegration. Through implementing leadership training, DDR programmes will aim to facilitate and increase the legitimacy and support received by newly-established political leaders. DDR managers should consider undergo- ing targeted training in leadership and political negotiation that is IDDRS compliant.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":908, "Sentence":"DDR managers should consider undergo- ing targeted training in leadership and political negotiation that is IDDRS compliant.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ddr manager consider undergo ing targeted training leadership political negotiation iddrs compliant ." }, { "ID":87, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.4.5. Lobbying for mid-level commanders", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":55, "Paragraph":"Research into comparative peace processes suggests that the political roles and associ- ated livelihoods futures of mid-level commanders are critical in post-conflict contexts. Given mid-level commanders\u2019 ranks and level of responsibility and authority while with armed forces or groups, they often seek commensurate positions in post-conflict settings. Many seek an explicitly political role in post-conflict governance. Where DDR programmes have determined that commander incentive programmes will be required, a resource mobilization strategy should be planned and implemented in addition to a dedicated vetting process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":909, "Sentence":"Research into comparative peace processes suggests that the political roles and associ- ated livelihoods futures of mid-level commanders are critical in post-conflict contexts.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration research comparative peace process suggests political role associ ated livelihood future midlevel commander critical postconflict context ." }, { "ID":87, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.4.5. Lobbying for mid-level commanders", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":55, "Paragraph":"Research into comparative peace processes suggests that the political roles and associ- ated livelihoods futures of mid-level commanders are critical in post-conflict contexts. Given mid-level commanders\u2019 ranks and level of responsibility and authority while with armed forces or groups, they often seek commensurate positions in post-conflict settings. Many seek an explicitly political role in post-conflict governance. Where DDR programmes have determined that commander incentive programmes will be required, a resource mobilization strategy should be planned and implemented in addition to a dedicated vetting process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":909, "Sentence":"Given mid-level commanders\u2019 ranks and level of responsibility and authority while with armed forces or groups, they often seek commensurate positions in post-conflict settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration given midlevel commander \u2019 rank level responsibility authority armed force group often seek commensurate position postconflict setting ." }, { "ID":87, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.4.5. Lobbying for mid-level commanders", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":55, "Paragraph":"Research into comparative peace processes suggests that the political roles and associ- ated livelihoods futures of mid-level commanders are critical in post-conflict contexts. Given mid-level commanders\u2019 ranks and level of responsibility and authority while with armed forces or groups, they often seek commensurate positions in post-conflict settings. Many seek an explicitly political role in post-conflict governance. Where DDR programmes have determined that commander incentive programmes will be required, a resource mobilization strategy should be planned and implemented in addition to a dedicated vetting process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":909, "Sentence":"Many seek an explicitly political role in post-conflict governance.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration many seek explicitly political role postconflict governance ." }, { "ID":87, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.4.5. Lobbying for mid-level commanders", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":55, "Paragraph":"Research into comparative peace processes suggests that the political roles and associ- ated livelihoods futures of mid-level commanders are critical in post-conflict contexts. Given mid-level commanders\u2019 ranks and level of responsibility and authority while with armed forces or groups, they often seek commensurate positions in post-conflict settings. Many seek an explicitly political role in post-conflict governance. Where DDR programmes have determined that commander incentive programmes will be required, a resource mobilization strategy should be planned and implemented in addition to a dedicated vetting process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":909, "Sentence":"Where DDR programmes have determined that commander incentive programmes will be required, a resource mobilization strategy should be planned and implemented in addition to a dedicated vetting process.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ddr programme determined commander incentive programme required resource mobilization strategy planned implemented addition dedicated vetting process ." }, { "ID":88, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.4.6. Women\u2019s participation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":56, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s commitment to restoring security, the protection of vulnerable groups and gen- der equality has been formalized in United Nations Security Council resolutions 1325 and 1820, and more recently re-affirmed by resolutions 1888 and 1889.DDR processes form an invaluable window of opportunity to enhance women\u2019s inclu- sion in decision-making and political processes. Civil affairs and human rights sections, in addition to civil society organizations and NGOs specialized in gender and women\u2019s rights can support political reintegration efforts to include trainings on gender and wom- en\u2019s inclusion in civil and political affairs. Women\u2019s participation and representation in public institutions ranging from public administration to justice and security sectors will not only enhance gender equality, but may prove critical in addressing the vulnerabilities that initially led many women and girls into forced recruitment or association with armed forces or groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":910, "Sentence":"The UN\u2019s commitment to restoring security, the protection of vulnerable groups and gen- der equality has been formalized in United Nations Security Council resolutions 1325 and 1820, and more recently re-affirmed by resolutions 1888 and 1889.DDR processes form an invaluable window of opportunity to enhance women\u2019s inclu- sion in decision-making and political processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration un \u2019 commitment restoring security protection vulnerable group gen der equality formalized united nation security council resolution 1325 1820 recently reaffirmed resolution 1888 1889.ddr process form invaluable window opportunity enhance woman \u2019 inclu sion decisionmaking political process ." }, { "ID":88, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.4.6. Women\u2019s participation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":56, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s commitment to restoring security, the protection of vulnerable groups and gen- der equality has been formalized in United Nations Security Council resolutions 1325 and 1820, and more recently re-affirmed by resolutions 1888 and 1889.DDR processes form an invaluable window of opportunity to enhance women\u2019s inclu- sion in decision-making and political processes. Civil affairs and human rights sections, in addition to civil society organizations and NGOs specialized in gender and women\u2019s rights can support political reintegration efforts to include trainings on gender and wom- en\u2019s inclusion in civil and political affairs. Women\u2019s participation and representation in public institutions ranging from public administration to justice and security sectors will not only enhance gender equality, but may prove critical in addressing the vulnerabilities that initially led many women and girls into forced recruitment or association with armed forces or groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":910, "Sentence":"Civil affairs and human rights sections, in addition to civil society organizations and NGOs specialized in gender and women\u2019s rights can support political reintegration efforts to include trainings on gender and wom- en\u2019s inclusion in civil and political affairs.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration civil affair human right section addition civil society organization ngo specialized gender woman \u2019 right support political reintegration effort include training gender wom en \u2019 inclusion civil political affair ." }, { "ID":88, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.4.6. Women\u2019s participation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":56, "Paragraph":"The UN\u2019s commitment to restoring security, the protection of vulnerable groups and gen- der equality has been formalized in United Nations Security Council resolutions 1325 and 1820, and more recently re-affirmed by resolutions 1888 and 1889.DDR processes form an invaluable window of opportunity to enhance women\u2019s inclu- sion in decision-making and political processes. Civil affairs and human rights sections, in addition to civil society organizations and NGOs specialized in gender and women\u2019s rights can support political reintegration efforts to include trainings on gender and wom- en\u2019s inclusion in civil and political affairs. Women\u2019s participation and representation in public institutions ranging from public administration to justice and security sectors will not only enhance gender equality, but may prove critical in addressing the vulnerabilities that initially led many women and girls into forced recruitment or association with armed forces or groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":910, "Sentence":"Women\u2019s participation and representation in public institutions ranging from public administration to justice and security sectors will not only enhance gender equality, but may prove critical in addressing the vulnerabilities that initially led many women and girls into forced recruitment or association with armed forces or groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration woman \u2019 participation representation public institution ranging public administration justice security sector enhance gender equality may prove critical addressing vulnerability initially led many woman girl forced recruitment association armed force group ." }, { "ID":89, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.4.9. Youth participation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":56, "Paragraph":"The special needs of youth should be addressed during political reintegration not only because this group may become a security threat, but also because they can act as a major force for positive change in contemporary politics. Youth are often more open to voting for new parties, less loyal to established traditions and more idealistic in their goals for their societies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":911, "Sentence":"The special needs of youth should be addressed during political reintegration not only because this group may become a security threat, but also because they can act as a major force for positive change in contemporary politics.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration special need youth addressed political reintegration group may become security threat also act major force positive change contemporary politics ." }, { "ID":89, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"11. Political Reintegration", "Heading2":"11.4. Entry points for political reintegration", "Heading3":"11.4.9. Youth participation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":56, "Paragraph":"The special needs of youth should be addressed during political reintegration not only because this group may become a security threat, but also because they can act as a major force for positive change in contemporary politics. Youth are often more open to voting for new parties, less loyal to established traditions and more idealistic in their goals for their societies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":911, "Sentence":"Youth are often more open to voting for new parties, less loyal to established traditions and more idealistic in their goals for their societies.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration youth often open voting new party le loyal established tradition idealistic goal society ." }, { "ID":90, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"12. Linking reintegration to wider recovery and development", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":57, "Paragraph":"Many DDR programmes have failed in the past due to their narrow focus and short-term approach. To achieve sustainability and meet its goals to improve security, DDR must pave the way for post-conflict recovery and development to take root. Reintegration pro- grammes shall therefore be conceptualized, planned, designed and implemented as part of, or at least in very close cooperation with, wider recovery strategies. Linkages shall include, but not be limited to the areas of post-conflict rehabilitation, resettlement of dis- placed populations, reconciliation efforts, human rights promotion, transitional justice, improved governance and security sector reform. To achieve coherence, when design- ing reintegration programmes, UN practitioners should coordinate, and where possible, jointly plan programmes with actors working in these areas.In the case of reintegration, a number of UN agencies work in parallel to integrate various war-affected peoples including ex-combatants, returnees and IDPs, into the same labour market and communities. Information, such as number and profile of beneficiar- ies, therefore needs to be shared among UN agencies engaged in reintegration assistance. It should be the guiding principle from the earliest pre-mission assessment phase and continue throughout all stages of strategy development, programme planning and imple- mentation. The use of Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) between agencies intervening in the same sector or on the same issue has proven an efficient mechanism for coordination.DDR programme managers will need to ensure close coordination: \\n In the field, where coordination among UN entities, national counterparts, receiving communities, NGOs, donors, governmental aid organizations, and other implementing partners should be established at the earliest stages of mission planning; \\n At Headquarters, through integrated mission planning structures and processes (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures) to ensure that coordinated, coherent and consistent direction and support is provided to field operators; \\n Between the field and Headquarters, to ensure that lessons learned and policy devel- opment on DDR are built into field-level programming, particularly at the start of missions and DDR processes, as well as to ensure the participation of key stakehold- ers at the international level.Programme managers should also focus on building strong local, national and inter- national partnerships from the start. Partnerships are essential, both in direct, short-term programme implementation and in forming links to longer-term recovery, peace-build- ing, governance and development programmes.DDR managers should also ensure that relevant recovery and development frame- works are identified and guide their programmes, with specific attention to national recovery plans and poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs), the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF), and the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Crea- tion, Income Generation and Reintegration. This is vital to ensure that DDR programming is linked to peace-building, transition, recovery and reconstruction strategies and that it will facilitate the involvement of the various UN and other international agencies. While all efforts should be made to coordinate closely with other actors implementing related programmes, DDR programme managers should also clearly identify those objectives 3.10 that the reintegration programme can deal with directly, and those in which it can only contribute.Experience has shown that coordination is difficult to achieve, and that post-conflict governments often do not possess the organizational capacity to coordinate all of the pro- gram partners. This must be effectively communicated to donors so that they do not have unrealistic expectations on the ground for DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":912, "Sentence":"Many DDR programmes have failed in the past due to their narrow focus and short-term approach.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration many ddr programme failed past due narrow focus shortterm approach ." }, { "ID":90, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"12. Linking reintegration to wider recovery and development", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":57, "Paragraph":"Many DDR programmes have failed in the past due to their narrow focus and short-term approach. To achieve sustainability and meet its goals to improve security, DDR must pave the way for post-conflict recovery and development to take root. Reintegration pro- grammes shall therefore be conceptualized, planned, designed and implemented as part of, or at least in very close cooperation with, wider recovery strategies. Linkages shall include, but not be limited to the areas of post-conflict rehabilitation, resettlement of dis- placed populations, reconciliation efforts, human rights promotion, transitional justice, improved governance and security sector reform. To achieve coherence, when design- ing reintegration programmes, UN practitioners should coordinate, and where possible, jointly plan programmes with actors working in these areas.In the case of reintegration, a number of UN agencies work in parallel to integrate various war-affected peoples including ex-combatants, returnees and IDPs, into the same labour market and communities. Information, such as number and profile of beneficiar- ies, therefore needs to be shared among UN agencies engaged in reintegration assistance. It should be the guiding principle from the earliest pre-mission assessment phase and continue throughout all stages of strategy development, programme planning and imple- mentation. The use of Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) between agencies intervening in the same sector or on the same issue has proven an efficient mechanism for coordination.DDR programme managers will need to ensure close coordination: \\n In the field, where coordination among UN entities, national counterparts, receiving communities, NGOs, donors, governmental aid organizations, and other implementing partners should be established at the earliest stages of mission planning; \\n At Headquarters, through integrated mission planning structures and processes (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures) to ensure that coordinated, coherent and consistent direction and support is provided to field operators; \\n Between the field and Headquarters, to ensure that lessons learned and policy devel- opment on DDR are built into field-level programming, particularly at the start of missions and DDR processes, as well as to ensure the participation of key stakehold- ers at the international level.Programme managers should also focus on building strong local, national and inter- national partnerships from the start. Partnerships are essential, both in direct, short-term programme implementation and in forming links to longer-term recovery, peace-build- ing, governance and development programmes.DDR managers should also ensure that relevant recovery and development frame- works are identified and guide their programmes, with specific attention to national recovery plans and poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs), the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF), and the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Crea- tion, Income Generation and Reintegration. This is vital to ensure that DDR programming is linked to peace-building, transition, recovery and reconstruction strategies and that it will facilitate the involvement of the various UN and other international agencies. While all efforts should be made to coordinate closely with other actors implementing related programmes, DDR programme managers should also clearly identify those objectives 3.10 that the reintegration programme can deal with directly, and those in which it can only contribute.Experience has shown that coordination is difficult to achieve, and that post-conflict governments often do not possess the organizational capacity to coordinate all of the pro- gram partners. This must be effectively communicated to donors so that they do not have unrealistic expectations on the ground for DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":912, "Sentence":"To achieve sustainability and meet its goals to improve security, DDR must pave the way for post-conflict recovery and development to take root.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration achieve sustainability meet goal improve security ddr must pave way postconflict recovery development take root ." }, { "ID":90, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"12. Linking reintegration to wider recovery and development", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":57, "Paragraph":"Many DDR programmes have failed in the past due to their narrow focus and short-term approach. To achieve sustainability and meet its goals to improve security, DDR must pave the way for post-conflict recovery and development to take root. Reintegration pro- grammes shall therefore be conceptualized, planned, designed and implemented as part of, or at least in very close cooperation with, wider recovery strategies. Linkages shall include, but not be limited to the areas of post-conflict rehabilitation, resettlement of dis- placed populations, reconciliation efforts, human rights promotion, transitional justice, improved governance and security sector reform. To achieve coherence, when design- ing reintegration programmes, UN practitioners should coordinate, and where possible, jointly plan programmes with actors working in these areas.In the case of reintegration, a number of UN agencies work in parallel to integrate various war-affected peoples including ex-combatants, returnees and IDPs, into the same labour market and communities. Information, such as number and profile of beneficiar- ies, therefore needs to be shared among UN agencies engaged in reintegration assistance. It should be the guiding principle from the earliest pre-mission assessment phase and continue throughout all stages of strategy development, programme planning and imple- mentation. The use of Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) between agencies intervening in the same sector or on the same issue has proven an efficient mechanism for coordination.DDR programme managers will need to ensure close coordination: \\n In the field, where coordination among UN entities, national counterparts, receiving communities, NGOs, donors, governmental aid organizations, and other implementing partners should be established at the earliest stages of mission planning; \\n At Headquarters, through integrated mission planning structures and processes (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures) to ensure that coordinated, coherent and consistent direction and support is provided to field operators; \\n Between the field and Headquarters, to ensure that lessons learned and policy devel- opment on DDR are built into field-level programming, particularly at the start of missions and DDR processes, as well as to ensure the participation of key stakehold- ers at the international level.Programme managers should also focus on building strong local, national and inter- national partnerships from the start. Partnerships are essential, both in direct, short-term programme implementation and in forming links to longer-term recovery, peace-build- ing, governance and development programmes.DDR managers should also ensure that relevant recovery and development frame- works are identified and guide their programmes, with specific attention to national recovery plans and poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs), the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF), and the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Crea- tion, Income Generation and Reintegration. This is vital to ensure that DDR programming is linked to peace-building, transition, recovery and reconstruction strategies and that it will facilitate the involvement of the various UN and other international agencies. While all efforts should be made to coordinate closely with other actors implementing related programmes, DDR programme managers should also clearly identify those objectives 3.10 that the reintegration programme can deal with directly, and those in which it can only contribute.Experience has shown that coordination is difficult to achieve, and that post-conflict governments often do not possess the organizational capacity to coordinate all of the pro- gram partners. This must be effectively communicated to donors so that they do not have unrealistic expectations on the ground for DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":912, "Sentence":"Reintegration pro- grammes shall therefore be conceptualized, planned, designed and implemented as part of, or at least in very close cooperation with, wider recovery strategies.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration reintegration pro gramme shall therefore conceptualized planned designed implemented part least close cooperation wider recovery strategy ." }, { "ID":90, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"12. Linking reintegration to wider recovery and development", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":57, "Paragraph":"Many DDR programmes have failed in the past due to their narrow focus and short-term approach. To achieve sustainability and meet its goals to improve security, DDR must pave the way for post-conflict recovery and development to take root. Reintegration pro- grammes shall therefore be conceptualized, planned, designed and implemented as part of, or at least in very close cooperation with, wider recovery strategies. Linkages shall include, but not be limited to the areas of post-conflict rehabilitation, resettlement of dis- placed populations, reconciliation efforts, human rights promotion, transitional justice, improved governance and security sector reform. To achieve coherence, when design- ing reintegration programmes, UN practitioners should coordinate, and where possible, jointly plan programmes with actors working in these areas.In the case of reintegration, a number of UN agencies work in parallel to integrate various war-affected peoples including ex-combatants, returnees and IDPs, into the same labour market and communities. Information, such as number and profile of beneficiar- ies, therefore needs to be shared among UN agencies engaged in reintegration assistance. It should be the guiding principle from the earliest pre-mission assessment phase and continue throughout all stages of strategy development, programme planning and imple- mentation. The use of Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) between agencies intervening in the same sector or on the same issue has proven an efficient mechanism for coordination.DDR programme managers will need to ensure close coordination: \\n In the field, where coordination among UN entities, national counterparts, receiving communities, NGOs, donors, governmental aid organizations, and other implementing partners should be established at the earliest stages of mission planning; \\n At Headquarters, through integrated mission planning structures and processes (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures) to ensure that coordinated, coherent and consistent direction and support is provided to field operators; \\n Between the field and Headquarters, to ensure that lessons learned and policy devel- opment on DDR are built into field-level programming, particularly at the start of missions and DDR processes, as well as to ensure the participation of key stakehold- ers at the international level.Programme managers should also focus on building strong local, national and inter- national partnerships from the start. Partnerships are essential, both in direct, short-term programme implementation and in forming links to longer-term recovery, peace-build- ing, governance and development programmes.DDR managers should also ensure that relevant recovery and development frame- works are identified and guide their programmes, with specific attention to national recovery plans and poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs), the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF), and the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Crea- tion, Income Generation and Reintegration. This is vital to ensure that DDR programming is linked to peace-building, transition, recovery and reconstruction strategies and that it will facilitate the involvement of the various UN and other international agencies. While all efforts should be made to coordinate closely with other actors implementing related programmes, DDR programme managers should also clearly identify those objectives 3.10 that the reintegration programme can deal with directly, and those in which it can only contribute.Experience has shown that coordination is difficult to achieve, and that post-conflict governments often do not possess the organizational capacity to coordinate all of the pro- gram partners. This must be effectively communicated to donors so that they do not have unrealistic expectations on the ground for DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":912, "Sentence":"Linkages shall include, but not be limited to the areas of post-conflict rehabilitation, resettlement of dis- placed populations, reconciliation efforts, human rights promotion, transitional justice, improved governance and security sector reform.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration linkage shall include limited area postconflict rehabilitation resettlement dis placed population reconciliation effort human right promotion transitional justice improved governance security sector reform ." }, { "ID":90, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"12. Linking reintegration to wider recovery and development", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":57, "Paragraph":"Many DDR programmes have failed in the past due to their narrow focus and short-term approach. To achieve sustainability and meet its goals to improve security, DDR must pave the way for post-conflict recovery and development to take root. Reintegration pro- grammes shall therefore be conceptualized, planned, designed and implemented as part of, or at least in very close cooperation with, wider recovery strategies. Linkages shall include, but not be limited to the areas of post-conflict rehabilitation, resettlement of dis- placed populations, reconciliation efforts, human rights promotion, transitional justice, improved governance and security sector reform. To achieve coherence, when design- ing reintegration programmes, UN practitioners should coordinate, and where possible, jointly plan programmes with actors working in these areas.In the case of reintegration, a number of UN agencies work in parallel to integrate various war-affected peoples including ex-combatants, returnees and IDPs, into the same labour market and communities. Information, such as number and profile of beneficiar- ies, therefore needs to be shared among UN agencies engaged in reintegration assistance. It should be the guiding principle from the earliest pre-mission assessment phase and continue throughout all stages of strategy development, programme planning and imple- mentation. The use of Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) between agencies intervening in the same sector or on the same issue has proven an efficient mechanism for coordination.DDR programme managers will need to ensure close coordination: \\n In the field, where coordination among UN entities, national counterparts, receiving communities, NGOs, donors, governmental aid organizations, and other implementing partners should be established at the earliest stages of mission planning; \\n At Headquarters, through integrated mission planning structures and processes (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures) to ensure that coordinated, coherent and consistent direction and support is provided to field operators; \\n Between the field and Headquarters, to ensure that lessons learned and policy devel- opment on DDR are built into field-level programming, particularly at the start of missions and DDR processes, as well as to ensure the participation of key stakehold- ers at the international level.Programme managers should also focus on building strong local, national and inter- national partnerships from the start. Partnerships are essential, both in direct, short-term programme implementation and in forming links to longer-term recovery, peace-build- ing, governance and development programmes.DDR managers should also ensure that relevant recovery and development frame- works are identified and guide their programmes, with specific attention to national recovery plans and poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs), the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF), and the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Crea- tion, Income Generation and Reintegration. This is vital to ensure that DDR programming is linked to peace-building, transition, recovery and reconstruction strategies and that it will facilitate the involvement of the various UN and other international agencies. While all efforts should be made to coordinate closely with other actors implementing related programmes, DDR programme managers should also clearly identify those objectives 3.10 that the reintegration programme can deal with directly, and those in which it can only contribute.Experience has shown that coordination is difficult to achieve, and that post-conflict governments often do not possess the organizational capacity to coordinate all of the pro- gram partners. This must be effectively communicated to donors so that they do not have unrealistic expectations on the ground for DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":912, "Sentence":"To achieve coherence, when design- ing reintegration programmes, UN practitioners should coordinate, and where possible, jointly plan programmes with actors working in these areas.In the case of reintegration, a number of UN agencies work in parallel to integrate various war-affected peoples including ex-combatants, returnees and IDPs, into the same labour market and communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration achieve coherence design ing reintegration programme un practitioner coordinate possible jointly plan programme actor working areas.in case reintegration number un agency work parallel integrate various waraffected people including excombatants returnees idp labour market community ." }, { "ID":90, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"12. Linking reintegration to wider recovery and development", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":57, "Paragraph":"Many DDR programmes have failed in the past due to their narrow focus and short-term approach. To achieve sustainability and meet its goals to improve security, DDR must pave the way for post-conflict recovery and development to take root. Reintegration pro- grammes shall therefore be conceptualized, planned, designed and implemented as part of, or at least in very close cooperation with, wider recovery strategies. Linkages shall include, but not be limited to the areas of post-conflict rehabilitation, resettlement of dis- placed populations, reconciliation efforts, human rights promotion, transitional justice, improved governance and security sector reform. To achieve coherence, when design- ing reintegration programmes, UN practitioners should coordinate, and where possible, jointly plan programmes with actors working in these areas.In the case of reintegration, a number of UN agencies work in parallel to integrate various war-affected peoples including ex-combatants, returnees and IDPs, into the same labour market and communities. Information, such as number and profile of beneficiar- ies, therefore needs to be shared among UN agencies engaged in reintegration assistance. It should be the guiding principle from the earliest pre-mission assessment phase and continue throughout all stages of strategy development, programme planning and imple- mentation. The use of Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) between agencies intervening in the same sector or on the same issue has proven an efficient mechanism for coordination.DDR programme managers will need to ensure close coordination: \\n In the field, where coordination among UN entities, national counterparts, receiving communities, NGOs, donors, governmental aid organizations, and other implementing partners should be established at the earliest stages of mission planning; \\n At Headquarters, through integrated mission planning structures and processes (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures) to ensure that coordinated, coherent and consistent direction and support is provided to field operators; \\n Between the field and Headquarters, to ensure that lessons learned and policy devel- opment on DDR are built into field-level programming, particularly at the start of missions and DDR processes, as well as to ensure the participation of key stakehold- ers at the international level.Programme managers should also focus on building strong local, national and inter- national partnerships from the start. Partnerships are essential, both in direct, short-term programme implementation and in forming links to longer-term recovery, peace-build- ing, governance and development programmes.DDR managers should also ensure that relevant recovery and development frame- works are identified and guide their programmes, with specific attention to national recovery plans and poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs), the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF), and the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Crea- tion, Income Generation and Reintegration. This is vital to ensure that DDR programming is linked to peace-building, transition, recovery and reconstruction strategies and that it will facilitate the involvement of the various UN and other international agencies. While all efforts should be made to coordinate closely with other actors implementing related programmes, DDR programme managers should also clearly identify those objectives 3.10 that the reintegration programme can deal with directly, and those in which it can only contribute.Experience has shown that coordination is difficult to achieve, and that post-conflict governments often do not possess the organizational capacity to coordinate all of the pro- gram partners. This must be effectively communicated to donors so that they do not have unrealistic expectations on the ground for DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":912, "Sentence":"Information, such as number and profile of beneficiar- ies, therefore needs to be shared among UN agencies engaged in reintegration assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration information number profile beneficiar y therefore need shared among un agency engaged reintegration assistance ." }, { "ID":90, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"12. Linking reintegration to wider recovery and development", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":57, "Paragraph":"Many DDR programmes have failed in the past due to their narrow focus and short-term approach. To achieve sustainability and meet its goals to improve security, DDR must pave the way for post-conflict recovery and development to take root. Reintegration pro- grammes shall therefore be conceptualized, planned, designed and implemented as part of, or at least in very close cooperation with, wider recovery strategies. Linkages shall include, but not be limited to the areas of post-conflict rehabilitation, resettlement of dis- placed populations, reconciliation efforts, human rights promotion, transitional justice, improved governance and security sector reform. To achieve coherence, when design- ing reintegration programmes, UN practitioners should coordinate, and where possible, jointly plan programmes with actors working in these areas.In the case of reintegration, a number of UN agencies work in parallel to integrate various war-affected peoples including ex-combatants, returnees and IDPs, into the same labour market and communities. Information, such as number and profile of beneficiar- ies, therefore needs to be shared among UN agencies engaged in reintegration assistance. It should be the guiding principle from the earliest pre-mission assessment phase and continue throughout all stages of strategy development, programme planning and imple- mentation. The use of Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) between agencies intervening in the same sector or on the same issue has proven an efficient mechanism for coordination.DDR programme managers will need to ensure close coordination: \\n In the field, where coordination among UN entities, national counterparts, receiving communities, NGOs, donors, governmental aid organizations, and other implementing partners should be established at the earliest stages of mission planning; \\n At Headquarters, through integrated mission planning structures and processes (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures) to ensure that coordinated, coherent and consistent direction and support is provided to field operators; \\n Between the field and Headquarters, to ensure that lessons learned and policy devel- opment on DDR are built into field-level programming, particularly at the start of missions and DDR processes, as well as to ensure the participation of key stakehold- ers at the international level.Programme managers should also focus on building strong local, national and inter- national partnerships from the start. Partnerships are essential, both in direct, short-term programme implementation and in forming links to longer-term recovery, peace-build- ing, governance and development programmes.DDR managers should also ensure that relevant recovery and development frame- works are identified and guide their programmes, with specific attention to national recovery plans and poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs), the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF), and the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Crea- tion, Income Generation and Reintegration. This is vital to ensure that DDR programming is linked to peace-building, transition, recovery and reconstruction strategies and that it will facilitate the involvement of the various UN and other international agencies. While all efforts should be made to coordinate closely with other actors implementing related programmes, DDR programme managers should also clearly identify those objectives 3.10 that the reintegration programme can deal with directly, and those in which it can only contribute.Experience has shown that coordination is difficult to achieve, and that post-conflict governments often do not possess the organizational capacity to coordinate all of the pro- gram partners. This must be effectively communicated to donors so that they do not have unrealistic expectations on the ground for DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":912, "Sentence":"It should be the guiding principle from the earliest pre-mission assessment phase and continue throughout all stages of strategy development, programme planning and imple- mentation.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration guiding principle earliest premission assessment phase continue throughout stage strategy development programme planning imple mentation ." }, { "ID":90, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"12. Linking reintegration to wider recovery and development", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":57, "Paragraph":"Many DDR programmes have failed in the past due to their narrow focus and short-term approach. To achieve sustainability and meet its goals to improve security, DDR must pave the way for post-conflict recovery and development to take root. Reintegration pro- grammes shall therefore be conceptualized, planned, designed and implemented as part of, or at least in very close cooperation with, wider recovery strategies. Linkages shall include, but not be limited to the areas of post-conflict rehabilitation, resettlement of dis- placed populations, reconciliation efforts, human rights promotion, transitional justice, improved governance and security sector reform. To achieve coherence, when design- ing reintegration programmes, UN practitioners should coordinate, and where possible, jointly plan programmes with actors working in these areas.In the case of reintegration, a number of UN agencies work in parallel to integrate various war-affected peoples including ex-combatants, returnees and IDPs, into the same labour market and communities. Information, such as number and profile of beneficiar- ies, therefore needs to be shared among UN agencies engaged in reintegration assistance. It should be the guiding principle from the earliest pre-mission assessment phase and continue throughout all stages of strategy development, programme planning and imple- mentation. The use of Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) between agencies intervening in the same sector or on the same issue has proven an efficient mechanism for coordination.DDR programme managers will need to ensure close coordination: \\n In the field, where coordination among UN entities, national counterparts, receiving communities, NGOs, donors, governmental aid organizations, and other implementing partners should be established at the earliest stages of mission planning; \\n At Headquarters, through integrated mission planning structures and processes (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures) to ensure that coordinated, coherent and consistent direction and support is provided to field operators; \\n Between the field and Headquarters, to ensure that lessons learned and policy devel- opment on DDR are built into field-level programming, particularly at the start of missions and DDR processes, as well as to ensure the participation of key stakehold- ers at the international level.Programme managers should also focus on building strong local, national and inter- national partnerships from the start. Partnerships are essential, both in direct, short-term programme implementation and in forming links to longer-term recovery, peace-build- ing, governance and development programmes.DDR managers should also ensure that relevant recovery and development frame- works are identified and guide their programmes, with specific attention to national recovery plans and poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs), the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF), and the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Crea- tion, Income Generation and Reintegration. This is vital to ensure that DDR programming is linked to peace-building, transition, recovery and reconstruction strategies and that it will facilitate the involvement of the various UN and other international agencies. While all efforts should be made to coordinate closely with other actors implementing related programmes, DDR programme managers should also clearly identify those objectives 3.10 that the reintegration programme can deal with directly, and those in which it can only contribute.Experience has shown that coordination is difficult to achieve, and that post-conflict governments often do not possess the organizational capacity to coordinate all of the pro- gram partners. This must be effectively communicated to donors so that they do not have unrealistic expectations on the ground for DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":912, "Sentence":"The use of Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) between agencies intervening in the same sector or on the same issue has proven an efficient mechanism for coordination.DDR programme managers will need to ensure close coordination: \\n In the field, where coordination among UN entities, national counterparts, receiving communities, NGOs, donors, governmental aid organizations, and other implementing partners should be established at the earliest stages of mission planning; \\n At Headquarters, through integrated mission planning structures and processes (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures) to ensure that coordinated, coherent and consistent direction and support is provided to field operators; \\n Between the field and Headquarters, to ensure that lessons learned and policy devel- opment on DDR are built into field-level programming, particularly at the start of missions and DDR processes, as well as to ensure the participation of key stakehold- ers at the international level.Programme managers should also focus on building strong local, national and inter- national partnerships from the start.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration use memoranda understanding mou agency intervening sector issue proven efficient mechanism coordination.ddr programme manager need ensure close coordination n field coordination among un entity national counterpart receiving community ngo donor governmental aid organization implementing partner established earliest stage mission planning n headquarters integrated mission planning structure process also see iddrs 3.10 integrated ddr planning process structure ensure coordinated coherent consistent direction support provided field operator n field headquarters ensure lesson learned policy devel opment ddr built fieldlevel programming particularly start mission ddr process well ensure participation key stakehold er international level.programme manager also focus building strong local national inter national partnership start ." }, { "ID":90, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"12. Linking reintegration to wider recovery and development", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":57, "Paragraph":"Many DDR programmes have failed in the past due to their narrow focus and short-term approach. To achieve sustainability and meet its goals to improve security, DDR must pave the way for post-conflict recovery and development to take root. Reintegration pro- grammes shall therefore be conceptualized, planned, designed and implemented as part of, or at least in very close cooperation with, wider recovery strategies. Linkages shall include, but not be limited to the areas of post-conflict rehabilitation, resettlement of dis- placed populations, reconciliation efforts, human rights promotion, transitional justice, improved governance and security sector reform. To achieve coherence, when design- ing reintegration programmes, UN practitioners should coordinate, and where possible, jointly plan programmes with actors working in these areas.In the case of reintegration, a number of UN agencies work in parallel to integrate various war-affected peoples including ex-combatants, returnees and IDPs, into the same labour market and communities. Information, such as number and profile of beneficiar- ies, therefore needs to be shared among UN agencies engaged in reintegration assistance. It should be the guiding principle from the earliest pre-mission assessment phase and continue throughout all stages of strategy development, programme planning and imple- mentation. The use of Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) between agencies intervening in the same sector or on the same issue has proven an efficient mechanism for coordination.DDR programme managers will need to ensure close coordination: \\n In the field, where coordination among UN entities, national counterparts, receiving communities, NGOs, donors, governmental aid organizations, and other implementing partners should be established at the earliest stages of mission planning; \\n At Headquarters, through integrated mission planning structures and processes (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures) to ensure that coordinated, coherent and consistent direction and support is provided to field operators; \\n Between the field and Headquarters, to ensure that lessons learned and policy devel- opment on DDR are built into field-level programming, particularly at the start of missions and DDR processes, as well as to ensure the participation of key stakehold- ers at the international level.Programme managers should also focus on building strong local, national and inter- national partnerships from the start. Partnerships are essential, both in direct, short-term programme implementation and in forming links to longer-term recovery, peace-build- ing, governance and development programmes.DDR managers should also ensure that relevant recovery and development frame- works are identified and guide their programmes, with specific attention to national recovery plans and poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs), the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF), and the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Crea- tion, Income Generation and Reintegration. This is vital to ensure that DDR programming is linked to peace-building, transition, recovery and reconstruction strategies and that it will facilitate the involvement of the various UN and other international agencies. While all efforts should be made to coordinate closely with other actors implementing related programmes, DDR programme managers should also clearly identify those objectives 3.10 that the reintegration programme can deal with directly, and those in which it can only contribute.Experience has shown that coordination is difficult to achieve, and that post-conflict governments often do not possess the organizational capacity to coordinate all of the pro- gram partners. This must be effectively communicated to donors so that they do not have unrealistic expectations on the ground for DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":912, "Sentence":"Partnerships are essential, both in direct, short-term programme implementation and in forming links to longer-term recovery, peace-build- ing, governance and development programmes.DDR managers should also ensure that relevant recovery and development frame- works are identified and guide their programmes, with specific attention to national recovery plans and poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs), the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF), and the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Crea- tion, Income Generation and Reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration partnership essential direct shortterm programme implementation forming link longerterm recovery peacebuild ing governance development programmes.ddr manager also ensure relevant recovery development frame work identified guide programme specific attention national recovery plan poverty reduction strategy paper prsps un development assistance framework undaf un policy postconflict employment crea tion income generation reintegration ." }, { "ID":90, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"12. Linking reintegration to wider recovery and development", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":57, "Paragraph":"Many DDR programmes have failed in the past due to their narrow focus and short-term approach. To achieve sustainability and meet its goals to improve security, DDR must pave the way for post-conflict recovery and development to take root. Reintegration pro- grammes shall therefore be conceptualized, planned, designed and implemented as part of, or at least in very close cooperation with, wider recovery strategies. Linkages shall include, but not be limited to the areas of post-conflict rehabilitation, resettlement of dis- placed populations, reconciliation efforts, human rights promotion, transitional justice, improved governance and security sector reform. To achieve coherence, when design- ing reintegration programmes, UN practitioners should coordinate, and where possible, jointly plan programmes with actors working in these areas.In the case of reintegration, a number of UN agencies work in parallel to integrate various war-affected peoples including ex-combatants, returnees and IDPs, into the same labour market and communities. Information, such as number and profile of beneficiar- ies, therefore needs to be shared among UN agencies engaged in reintegration assistance. It should be the guiding principle from the earliest pre-mission assessment phase and continue throughout all stages of strategy development, programme planning and imple- mentation. The use of Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) between agencies intervening in the same sector or on the same issue has proven an efficient mechanism for coordination.DDR programme managers will need to ensure close coordination: \\n In the field, where coordination among UN entities, national counterparts, receiving communities, NGOs, donors, governmental aid organizations, and other implementing partners should be established at the earliest stages of mission planning; \\n At Headquarters, through integrated mission planning structures and processes (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures) to ensure that coordinated, coherent and consistent direction and support is provided to field operators; \\n Between the field and Headquarters, to ensure that lessons learned and policy devel- opment on DDR are built into field-level programming, particularly at the start of missions and DDR processes, as well as to ensure the participation of key stakehold- ers at the international level.Programme managers should also focus on building strong local, national and inter- national partnerships from the start. Partnerships are essential, both in direct, short-term programme implementation and in forming links to longer-term recovery, peace-build- ing, governance and development programmes.DDR managers should also ensure that relevant recovery and development frame- works are identified and guide their programmes, with specific attention to national recovery plans and poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs), the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF), and the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Crea- tion, Income Generation and Reintegration. This is vital to ensure that DDR programming is linked to peace-building, transition, recovery and reconstruction strategies and that it will facilitate the involvement of the various UN and other international agencies. While all efforts should be made to coordinate closely with other actors implementing related programmes, DDR programme managers should also clearly identify those objectives 3.10 that the reintegration programme can deal with directly, and those in which it can only contribute.Experience has shown that coordination is difficult to achieve, and that post-conflict governments often do not possess the organizational capacity to coordinate all of the pro- gram partners. This must be effectively communicated to donors so that they do not have unrealistic expectations on the ground for DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":912, "Sentence":"This is vital to ensure that DDR programming is linked to peace-building, transition, recovery and reconstruction strategies and that it will facilitate the involvement of the various UN and other international agencies.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration vital ensure ddr programming linked peacebuilding transition recovery reconstruction strategy facilitate involvement various un international agency ." }, { "ID":90, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"12. Linking reintegration to wider recovery and development", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":57, "Paragraph":"Many DDR programmes have failed in the past due to their narrow focus and short-term approach. To achieve sustainability and meet its goals to improve security, DDR must pave the way for post-conflict recovery and development to take root. Reintegration pro- grammes shall therefore be conceptualized, planned, designed and implemented as part of, or at least in very close cooperation with, wider recovery strategies. Linkages shall include, but not be limited to the areas of post-conflict rehabilitation, resettlement of dis- placed populations, reconciliation efforts, human rights promotion, transitional justice, improved governance and security sector reform. To achieve coherence, when design- ing reintegration programmes, UN practitioners should coordinate, and where possible, jointly plan programmes with actors working in these areas.In the case of reintegration, a number of UN agencies work in parallel to integrate various war-affected peoples including ex-combatants, returnees and IDPs, into the same labour market and communities. Information, such as number and profile of beneficiar- ies, therefore needs to be shared among UN agencies engaged in reintegration assistance. It should be the guiding principle from the earliest pre-mission assessment phase and continue throughout all stages of strategy development, programme planning and imple- mentation. The use of Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) between agencies intervening in the same sector or on the same issue has proven an efficient mechanism for coordination.DDR programme managers will need to ensure close coordination: \\n In the field, where coordination among UN entities, national counterparts, receiving communities, NGOs, donors, governmental aid organizations, and other implementing partners should be established at the earliest stages of mission planning; \\n At Headquarters, through integrated mission planning structures and processes (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures) to ensure that coordinated, coherent and consistent direction and support is provided to field operators; \\n Between the field and Headquarters, to ensure that lessons learned and policy devel- opment on DDR are built into field-level programming, particularly at the start of missions and DDR processes, as well as to ensure the participation of key stakehold- ers at the international level.Programme managers should also focus on building strong local, national and inter- national partnerships from the start. Partnerships are essential, both in direct, short-term programme implementation and in forming links to longer-term recovery, peace-build- ing, governance and development programmes.DDR managers should also ensure that relevant recovery and development frame- works are identified and guide their programmes, with specific attention to national recovery plans and poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs), the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF), and the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Crea- tion, Income Generation and Reintegration. This is vital to ensure that DDR programming is linked to peace-building, transition, recovery and reconstruction strategies and that it will facilitate the involvement of the various UN and other international agencies. While all efforts should be made to coordinate closely with other actors implementing related programmes, DDR programme managers should also clearly identify those objectives 3.10 that the reintegration programme can deal with directly, and those in which it can only contribute.Experience has shown that coordination is difficult to achieve, and that post-conflict governments often do not possess the organizational capacity to coordinate all of the pro- gram partners. This must be effectively communicated to donors so that they do not have unrealistic expectations on the ground for DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":912, "Sentence":"While all efforts should be made to coordinate closely with other actors implementing related programmes, DDR programme managers should also clearly identify those objectives 3.10 that the reintegration programme can deal with directly, and those in which it can only contribute.Experience has shown that coordination is difficult to achieve, and that post-conflict governments often do not possess the organizational capacity to coordinate all of the pro- gram partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration effort made coordinate closely actor implementing related programme ddr programme manager also clearly identify objective 3.10 reintegration programme deal directly contribute.experience shown coordination difficult achieve postconflict government often posse organizational capacity coordinate pro gram partner ." }, { "ID":90, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"12. Linking reintegration to wider recovery and development", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":57, "Paragraph":"Many DDR programmes have failed in the past due to their narrow focus and short-term approach. To achieve sustainability and meet its goals to improve security, DDR must pave the way for post-conflict recovery and development to take root. Reintegration pro- grammes shall therefore be conceptualized, planned, designed and implemented as part of, or at least in very close cooperation with, wider recovery strategies. Linkages shall include, but not be limited to the areas of post-conflict rehabilitation, resettlement of dis- placed populations, reconciliation efforts, human rights promotion, transitional justice, improved governance and security sector reform. To achieve coherence, when design- ing reintegration programmes, UN practitioners should coordinate, and where possible, jointly plan programmes with actors working in these areas.In the case of reintegration, a number of UN agencies work in parallel to integrate various war-affected peoples including ex-combatants, returnees and IDPs, into the same labour market and communities. Information, such as number and profile of beneficiar- ies, therefore needs to be shared among UN agencies engaged in reintegration assistance. It should be the guiding principle from the earliest pre-mission assessment phase and continue throughout all stages of strategy development, programme planning and imple- mentation. The use of Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) between agencies intervening in the same sector or on the same issue has proven an efficient mechanism for coordination.DDR programme managers will need to ensure close coordination: \\n In the field, where coordination among UN entities, national counterparts, receiving communities, NGOs, donors, governmental aid organizations, and other implementing partners should be established at the earliest stages of mission planning; \\n At Headquarters, through integrated mission planning structures and processes (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures) to ensure that coordinated, coherent and consistent direction and support is provided to field operators; \\n Between the field and Headquarters, to ensure that lessons learned and policy devel- opment on DDR are built into field-level programming, particularly at the start of missions and DDR processes, as well as to ensure the participation of key stakehold- ers at the international level.Programme managers should also focus on building strong local, national and inter- national partnerships from the start. Partnerships are essential, both in direct, short-term programme implementation and in forming links to longer-term recovery, peace-build- ing, governance and development programmes.DDR managers should also ensure that relevant recovery and development frame- works are identified and guide their programmes, with specific attention to national recovery plans and poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs), the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF), and the UN Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Crea- tion, Income Generation and Reintegration. This is vital to ensure that DDR programming is linked to peace-building, transition, recovery and reconstruction strategies and that it will facilitate the involvement of the various UN and other international agencies. While all efforts should be made to coordinate closely with other actors implementing related programmes, DDR programme managers should also clearly identify those objectives 3.10 that the reintegration programme can deal with directly, and those in which it can only contribute.Experience has shown that coordination is difficult to achieve, and that post-conflict governments often do not possess the organizational capacity to coordinate all of the pro- gram partners. This must be effectively communicated to donors so that they do not have unrealistic expectations on the ground for DDR programmes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":912, "Sentence":"This must be effectively communicated to donors so that they do not have unrealistic expectations on the ground for DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration must effectively communicated donor unrealistic expectation ground ddr programme ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration apprenticeship refers system employer undertakes contract employ young person train trained systematically trade period duration fixed advance course apprentice bound work employer \u2019 service ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"(ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ilo apprenticeship recommendation ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration 60 1939.business development service service improve performance enterprise access market ability compete ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration definition \u201c business development service \u201d includes wide array business service strategic operational ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration busi ness development service designed serve individual business opposed larger business community ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"(Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration business development service small enterprise guiding principle donor intervention 2001.cooperatives autonomous association person united voluntarily meet common economic social cultural need aspiration jointly owned dem ocratically controlled enterprise ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration cooperative essentially vehicle selfhelp mutual aid ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration many cooperative throughout world commitment distinctive statement identity formulated international cooperative alliance ica ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"(Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration interna tional labour conference recommendation 193 recommendation concerning promotion cooperativessection 1 paragraph 2 2002.decent work involves opportunity work productive delivers fair income provide security workplace social protection worker family offer better prospect personal development encourages social integration give people freedom express concern organize participate decision affect life guarantee equal opportunity equal treatment ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"(United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.)", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration united nation system chief executive board coordination ceb toolkit main streaming employment decent work 2007.employment employed comprise person specified age reference period either work ii job enterprise work i.e ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"persons temporarily absent from work).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration person temporarily absent work ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration person work defined person reference period performed work wage salary profit family gain cash kind least hour ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"(The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration thirteenth international conference labour statistician 1982.minimum working age minimum age convention defines range minimum age child allowed work stipulates mini mum age employment normally le 15 year exemption made developing country may fix 14 b minimum age permit ting light work le 13 year developing country may fix 12 c minimum age admission hazardous work le 18 year strict condition may permitted 16 ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"(ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ilo minimum age convention 138 1973.sustainable livelihood approach approach try ensure household cope recover stress shock maintain improve capabil ities asset future ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"(IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration iddrs 2006.vocational career guidance oecd career guidance policy review defines \u201c ser vice activity intended assist individual age point throughout life make educational training occupational choice manage careers. \u201d definition includes making information labour market educational employment opportunity accessible organizing systematizing available people need ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration also includes assisting people reflect aspiration interest competency personal attribute qualification ability match available training employment opportunity ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration term career guidance replacing term vocational guidance highincome coun try ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration vocational guidance focused upon choice occupation distinguished educational guidance focus upon choice course study ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration career guid ance brings two together stress interaction learning work ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"(Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration career guidance \u2013 resource handbook low middleincome country 2006.vocational training expression vocational training mean form training mean technical trade knowledge acquired developed whether training given school place work ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"(ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ilo recommendation 57 1939 training end mean developing person \u2019 occupational capacity due account taken employment opportunity enabling use ability greatest advantage community designed develop personality particularly young person concerned ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"(ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ilo recommen dation 117 1962 purpose recommendation qualification term guidance training term vocational mean guidance training directed identify developing human.socialization violence case combatant associated group sociali zation conditioning process involves development violent behaviour appear essential effective participation armed force armed group broadly essential basic survival environment rife armed violence ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration armed conflict many combatant witness become victim violence severe abuse may enter early recovery period significant psychosocial support need ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration systematic data pattern violence among excombatants still fragmentary evidence many postconflict context suggests excom batants socialized use violence often continue pattern peacebuilding period ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"(UNDP Report, Blame It on the War?", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration undp report blame war" }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration gender dimension vio lence ddr 2012.culture violence socialization violence reach level become integral part particular society individual \u2019 collective response mechanisms.behaviour change communication bcc interactive process community integrated overall program develop tailored message approach using variety communication channel drama music radio medium print etc develop positive behaviour promote sustain individual community societal behaviour change maintain appropriate\/nonviolent behaviour interaction individual groups.behaviour change intervention bci combination activities\/interventions tailored need specific group developed group help reduce violence creating enabling environment individual collective change.caregiving kind interaction person world around him\/her including object plant animal particularly human being ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"This also includes self-care.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration also includes selfcare ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration many culture \u2018 caring \u2019 relationship attitude defined \u201c female \u201d attrib ute characteristic whose domain men early age encouraged exclude themselves.interim stabilization measure stabilization measure may used keep former combatant \u2019 cohesiveness intact within military civilian structure timebound period time creating space buying time political dialogue formation environment conducive social economic reintegration ." }, { "ID":91, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":59, "Paragraph":"Apprenticeship: Refers to any system by which an employer undertakes by contract to employ a young person and to train him or have him trained systematically for a trade for a period of which the duration has been fixed in advance and in the course of which the apprentice is bound to work in the employer\u2019s service. (ILO Apprenticeship Recommendation no. 60, 1939).Business development services: Services that improve the performance of the enterprise, its access to markets, and its ability to compete. The definition of \u201cbusiness development services\u201d includes a wide array of business services, both strategic and operational. Busi- ness development services are designed to serve individual businesses, as opposed to larger business community. (Business Development Services for Small Enterprises: Guiding Principles for Donor Intervention, 2001).Cooperatives: Autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and dem- ocratically controlled enterprise. A cooperative is essentially a vehicle for self-help and mutual aid. Many cooperatives throughout the world have a commitment to a distinctive statement of identity formulated by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA). (Interna- tional Labour Conference, Recommendation 193, Recommendation Concerning the Promotion of Cooperatives,Section 1 Paragraph 2, 2002).Decent work: Involves opportunities for work that is productive and delivers a fair income provide s security in the workplace and social protection for workers and their families; offers better prospects for personal development and encourages social integration; gives people the freedom to express their concerns, to organize and to participate in decisions that affect their lives; and guarantees equal opportunities and equal treatment for all. (United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Main- streaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007).Employment: The employed comprise all persons about a specified age who during the reference period were either (i) at work or (ii) with a job or enterprise but not at work (i.e.) persons temporarily absent from work). Persons at work are defined as persons who during the reference period performed work for a wage or a salary, or for profit or family gain, in cash or in kind, for at least an hour. (The Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982).Minimum working age: The Minimum Age Convention defines a range of minimum ages below which no child should be allowed to work and stipulates that: (a) the mini- mum age for employment should normally not be less than 15 years , but exemptions can be made for developing countries which may fix it at 14; (b) the minimum age for permit- ting light work should be not less than 13 years, but developing countries may fix it at 12; c) the minimum age for admission to hazardous work should not be less than 18 years, but under strict conditions may be permitted at 16. (ILO Minimum Age Convention 138, 1973).Sustainable livelihoods approach: Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabil- ities and assets now and in the future. (IDDRS, 2006).Vocational (career) guidance: The OECD Career Guidance Policy Review defines it as \u201cser- vices and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers.\u201d This definition includes making information about the labour market and about educational and employment opportunities more accessible by organizing it, systematizing it and having it available when and where people need it. It also includes assisting people to reflect on their aspirations, interests, competencies, personal attributes, qualifications and abilities and to match these with available training and employment opportunities. The term career guidance is replacing the term vocational guidance in high-income coun- tries. Vocational guidance is focused upon the choice of occupation and is distinguished from educational guidance, which focuses upon choices of courses of study. Career guid- ance brings the two together and stresses the interaction between learning and work. (Career Guidance \u2013 A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2006).Vocational training: The expression vocational training means any form of training by means of which technical or trade knowledge can be acquired or developed, whether the training is given at school or at the place of work. (ILO Recommendation 57, 1939) Training is not an end in itself, but a means of developing a person\u2019s occupational capacities, due account being taken of the employment opportunities, and of enabling him to use his abilities to the greatest advantage of himself and of the community; it should be designed to develop personality, particularly where young persons are concerned. (ILO Recommen- dation 117, 1962) For the purpose of this Recommendation, the qualification of the terms guidance and training by the term vocational means that guidance and training are directed to identify and developing human.Socialization to violence: In the case of combatants and associated groups, this sociali- zation or conditioning process involves the development of violent behaviours that are, or that appear to be, essential for effective participation in the armed force or armed group, or more broadly essential for basic survival in an environment rife with armed violence. During armed conflict, many combatants witness and become victims of violence and severe abuse themselves and may enter into the early recovery period with significant psychosocial support needs. Systematic data on patterns of violence among ex-combatants is still fragmentary, but evidence from many post-conflict contexts suggests that ex-com- batants who have been socialized to use violence often continue these patterns into the peacebuilding period. (UNDP Report, Blame It on the War? The Gender Dimensions of Vio- lence in DDR, 2012).Culture of violence: When socialization to violence reaches a level where it has become an integral part of a particular society and of individuals\u2019 collective response mechanisms.Behaviour change communication (BCC): An interactive process with communities (as integrated with an overall program) to develop tailored messages and approaches using a variety of communication channels (such as drama, music, radio, media, print, etc) to develop positive behaviours; promote and sustain individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintain appropriate\/non-violent behaviours and interactions between individuals and groups.Behaviour change interventions (BCI): A combination of activities\/interventions tailored to the needs of a specific group and developed with that group to help reduce violence by creating an enabling environment for individual and collective change.Caregiving: A kind of interaction of a person with the world around him\/her, including objects, plants, animals and particularly other human beings. This also includes self-care. In many cultures this \u2018caring\u2019 relationship or attitude can be defined as a \u201cfemale\u201d attrib- ute or characteristic, and from whose domain men, from an early age, are encouraged to exclude themselves.Interim stabilization measures: Stabilization measures that may be used to keep former combatants\u2019 cohesiveness intact within a military or civilian structure for a time-bound period of time, creating space and buying time for a political dialogue and the formation of an environment conducive to social and economic reintegration. Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":913, "Sentence":"Such measures range from military integration to the formation of transitional security forces, to the establish- ment of civilian service corps, among other such arrangements \u2018holding patterns\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration measure range military integration formation transitional security force establish ment civilian service corp among arrangement \u2018 holding pattern \u2019 ." }, { "ID":92, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex B: UN policies, guidelines and frameworks relevant for reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":62, "Paragraph":"UN inter-agency policies, guidelines and frameworks \\n i. Policy for Post-conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2008) \\n ii. Operational Guidance Note for Post-conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n iii. CWGER Guidance Note on Early Recovery (2008)UN agency policies, guidelines and frameworks \\n i. ILO Guidebook for Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants (2009) \\n ii. ILO Guidelines for Local Economic Recovery in Post-Conflict (2010) \\n iii. Policy Framework & Implementation Strategy - UNHCR\u2019s Role in Support of the Return & Reintegration of Displaced Populations \\n iv. UNICEF-ILO Technical Note on Economic Reintegration of Children Associated with Armed Forces and Groups (draft under production)", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":914, "Sentence":"UN inter-agency policies, guidelines and frameworks \\n i.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration un interagency policy guideline framework n ." }, { "ID":92, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex B: UN policies, guidelines and frameworks relevant for reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":62, "Paragraph":"UN inter-agency policies, guidelines and frameworks \\n i. Policy for Post-conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2008) \\n ii. Operational Guidance Note for Post-conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n iii. CWGER Guidance Note on Early Recovery (2008)UN agency policies, guidelines and frameworks \\n i. ILO Guidebook for Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants (2009) \\n ii. ILO Guidelines for Local Economic Recovery in Post-Conflict (2010) \\n iii. Policy Framework & Implementation Strategy - UNHCR\u2019s Role in Support of the Return & Reintegration of Displaced Populations \\n iv. UNICEF-ILO Technical Note on Economic Reintegration of Children Associated with Armed Forces and Groups (draft under production)", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":914, "Sentence":"Policy for Post-conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2008) \\n ii.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration policy postconflict employment creation income generation reintegration 2008 n ii ." }, { "ID":92, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex B: UN policies, guidelines and frameworks relevant for reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":62, "Paragraph":"UN inter-agency policies, guidelines and frameworks \\n i. Policy for Post-conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2008) \\n ii. Operational Guidance Note for Post-conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n iii. CWGER Guidance Note on Early Recovery (2008)UN agency policies, guidelines and frameworks \\n i. ILO Guidebook for Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants (2009) \\n ii. ILO Guidelines for Local Economic Recovery in Post-Conflict (2010) \\n iii. Policy Framework & Implementation Strategy - UNHCR\u2019s Role in Support of the Return & Reintegration of Displaced Populations \\n iv. UNICEF-ILO Technical Note on Economic Reintegration of Children Associated with Armed Forces and Groups (draft under production)", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":914, "Sentence":"Operational Guidance Note for Post-conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n iii.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration operational guidance note postconflict employment creation income generation reintegration 2009 n iii ." }, { "ID":92, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex B: UN policies, guidelines and frameworks relevant for reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":62, "Paragraph":"UN inter-agency policies, guidelines and frameworks \\n i. Policy for Post-conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2008) \\n ii. Operational Guidance Note for Post-conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n iii. CWGER Guidance Note on Early Recovery (2008)UN agency policies, guidelines and frameworks \\n i. ILO Guidebook for Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants (2009) \\n ii. ILO Guidelines for Local Economic Recovery in Post-Conflict (2010) \\n iii. Policy Framework & Implementation Strategy - UNHCR\u2019s Role in Support of the Return & Reintegration of Displaced Populations \\n iv. UNICEF-ILO Technical Note on Economic Reintegration of Children Associated with Armed Forces and Groups (draft under production)", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":914, "Sentence":"CWGER Guidance Note on Early Recovery (2008)UN agency policies, guidelines and frameworks \\n i. ILO Guidebook for Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants (2009) \\n ii.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration cwger guidance note early recovery 2008un agency policy guideline framework n i. ilo guidebook socioeconomic reintegration excombatants 2009 n ii ." }, { "ID":92, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex B: UN policies, guidelines and frameworks relevant for reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":62, "Paragraph":"UN inter-agency policies, guidelines and frameworks \\n i. Policy for Post-conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2008) \\n ii. Operational Guidance Note for Post-conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n iii. CWGER Guidance Note on Early Recovery (2008)UN agency policies, guidelines and frameworks \\n i. ILO Guidebook for Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants (2009) \\n ii. ILO Guidelines for Local Economic Recovery in Post-Conflict (2010) \\n iii. Policy Framework & Implementation Strategy - UNHCR\u2019s Role in Support of the Return & Reintegration of Displaced Populations \\n iv. UNICEF-ILO Technical Note on Economic Reintegration of Children Associated with Armed Forces and Groups (draft under production)", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":914, "Sentence":"ILO Guidelines for Local Economic Recovery in Post-Conflict (2010) \\n iii.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration ilo guideline local economic recovery postconflict 2010 n iii ." }, { "ID":92, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex B: UN policies, guidelines and frameworks relevant for reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":62, "Paragraph":"UN inter-agency policies, guidelines and frameworks \\n i. Policy for Post-conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2008) \\n ii. Operational Guidance Note for Post-conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n iii. CWGER Guidance Note on Early Recovery (2008)UN agency policies, guidelines and frameworks \\n i. ILO Guidebook for Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants (2009) \\n ii. ILO Guidelines for Local Economic Recovery in Post-Conflict (2010) \\n iii. Policy Framework & Implementation Strategy - UNHCR\u2019s Role in Support of the Return & Reintegration of Displaced Populations \\n iv. UNICEF-ILO Technical Note on Economic Reintegration of Children Associated with Armed Forces and Groups (draft under production)", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":914, "Sentence":"Policy Framework & Implementation Strategy - UNHCR\u2019s Role in Support of the Return & Reintegration of Displaced Populations \\n iv.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration policy framework implementation strategy unhcr \u2019 role support return reintegration displaced population n iv ." }, { "ID":92, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Annex B: UN policies, guidelines and frameworks relevant for reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":62, "Paragraph":"UN inter-agency policies, guidelines and frameworks \\n i. Policy for Post-conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2008) \\n ii. Operational Guidance Note for Post-conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n iii. CWGER Guidance Note on Early Recovery (2008)UN agency policies, guidelines and frameworks \\n i. ILO Guidebook for Socio-Economic Reintegration of Ex-Combatants (2009) \\n ii. ILO Guidelines for Local Economic Recovery in Post-Conflict (2010) \\n iii. Policy Framework & Implementation Strategy - UNHCR\u2019s Role in Support of the Return & Reintegration of Displaced Populations \\n iv. UNICEF-ILO Technical Note on Economic Reintegration of Children Associated with Armed Forces and Groups (draft under production)", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":914, "Sentence":"UNICEF-ILO Technical Note on Economic Reintegration of Children Associated with Armed Forces and Groups (draft under production)", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration unicefilo technical note economic reintegration child associated armed force group draft production" }, { "ID":93, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":63, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Mainstreaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007. \\n 2 Taken from the Prevention of child recruitment and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups: Strategic framework for addressing the economic gap, ILO (2007). \\n 3 International Labour Organization. 2009. Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants. Geneva, Switzerland, pp.23-29.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":915, "Sentence":"\\n 1 United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Mainstreaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n 1 united nation system chief executive board coordination ceb toolkit mainstreaming employment decent work 2007 ." }, { "ID":93, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":63, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Mainstreaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007. \\n 2 Taken from the Prevention of child recruitment and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups: Strategic framework for addressing the economic gap, ILO (2007). \\n 3 International Labour Organization. 2009. Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants. Geneva, Switzerland, pp.23-29.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":915, "Sentence":"\\n 2 Taken from the Prevention of child recruitment and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups: Strategic framework for addressing the economic gap, ILO (2007).", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n 2 taken prevention child recruitment reintegration child associated armed force group strategic framework addressing economic gap ilo 2007 ." }, { "ID":93, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":63, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Mainstreaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007. \\n 2 Taken from the Prevention of child recruitment and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups: Strategic framework for addressing the economic gap, ILO (2007). \\n 3 International Labour Organization. 2009. Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants. Geneva, Switzerland, pp.23-29.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":915, "Sentence":"\\n 3 International Labour Organization.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration n 3 international labour organization ." }, { "ID":93, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":63, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Mainstreaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007. \\n 2 Taken from the Prevention of child recruitment and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups: Strategic framework for addressing the economic gap, ILO (2007). \\n 3 International Labour Organization. 2009. Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants. Geneva, Switzerland, pp.23-29.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":915, "Sentence":"2009.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration 2009 ." }, { "ID":93, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":63, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Mainstreaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007. \\n 2 Taken from the Prevention of child recruitment and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups: Strategic framework for addressing the economic gap, ILO (2007). \\n 3 International Labour Organization. 2009. Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants. Geneva, Switzerland, pp.23-29.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":915, "Sentence":"Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration guideline socioeconomic reintegration excombatants ." }, { "ID":93, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.30-Reintegration", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Reintegration", "PageNum":63, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) Toolkit for Mainstreaming Employment and Decent Work, 2007. \\n 2 Taken from the Prevention of child recruitment and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups: Strategic framework for addressing the economic gap, ILO (2007). \\n 3 International Labour Organization. 2009. Guidelines for the Socio-economic Reintegration of Ex-combatants. Geneva, Switzerland, pp.23-29.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":915, "Sentence":"Geneva, Switzerland, pp.23-29.", "ProcessedSent":"Reintegration geneva switzerland pp.2329 ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Public information and strategic communication (PI\/SC) are key support activities that are instrumental in the overall success of DDR processes. Public information is used to inform DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders of the process, while strategic communication influences attitudes towards DDR. If successful, PI\/SC strategies will secure buy-in to the DDR process by outlining what DDR consists of and encouraging individuals to take part, as well as contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour.A DDR process should always be accompanied by a clearly articulated PI\/SC strategy. As DDR does not occur in a vacuum, the design, dissemination and planning of PI\/SC interventions should be an iterative process that occurs at all stages of the DDR process. PI\/SC interventions should be continuously updated to be relevant to political and operational realities, including public sentiment about DDR and the wider international effort to which DDR contributes. It is crucial that DDR is framed and communicated carefully, taking into account the varying informational requirements of different stakeholders and the various grievances, perceptions, culture, biases and political perspectives of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities.An effective PI\/SC strategy should have clear overall objectives based on a careful assessment of the context in which DDR will take place. There are four principal objectives of PI\/SC: (i) to inform by providing accurate information about the DDR process; (ii) to mitigate the potential negative impact of inaccurate and deceptive information that may hamper the success of DDR and wider peace efforts; (iii) to sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process; and (iv) to transform attitudes in communities in such a way that is conducive to DDR. PI\/SC should make an important contribution towards creating a climate of peace and security, as well as promote gender-equitable norms and non-violent forms of masculinities. DDR practitioners should support their national counterparts (national Government and local authorities) to define these objectives so that activities related to PI\/SC can be conducted while planning for the wider DDR process is ongoing. PI\/SC as part of a DDR process should (i) be based on a sound analysis of the context, conflict and motivations of the many different groups at which these activities are directed; (ii) make use of the best and most trusted local methods of communication; and (iii) ensure that PI\/SC materials and messages are pre- tested on a local audience and subsequently closely monitored and evaluated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":916, "Sentence":"Public information and strategic communication (PI\/SC) are key support activities that are instrumental in the overall success of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication public information strategic communication pi\/sc key support activity instrumental overall success ddr process ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Public information and strategic communication (PI\/SC) are key support activities that are instrumental in the overall success of DDR processes. Public information is used to inform DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders of the process, while strategic communication influences attitudes towards DDR. If successful, PI\/SC strategies will secure buy-in to the DDR process by outlining what DDR consists of and encouraging individuals to take part, as well as contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour.A DDR process should always be accompanied by a clearly articulated PI\/SC strategy. As DDR does not occur in a vacuum, the design, dissemination and planning of PI\/SC interventions should be an iterative process that occurs at all stages of the DDR process. PI\/SC interventions should be continuously updated to be relevant to political and operational realities, including public sentiment about DDR and the wider international effort to which DDR contributes. It is crucial that DDR is framed and communicated carefully, taking into account the varying informational requirements of different stakeholders and the various grievances, perceptions, culture, biases and political perspectives of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities.An effective PI\/SC strategy should have clear overall objectives based on a careful assessment of the context in which DDR will take place. There are four principal objectives of PI\/SC: (i) to inform by providing accurate information about the DDR process; (ii) to mitigate the potential negative impact of inaccurate and deceptive information that may hamper the success of DDR and wider peace efforts; (iii) to sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process; and (iv) to transform attitudes in communities in such a way that is conducive to DDR. PI\/SC should make an important contribution towards creating a climate of peace and security, as well as promote gender-equitable norms and non-violent forms of masculinities. DDR practitioners should support their national counterparts (national Government and local authorities) to define these objectives so that activities related to PI\/SC can be conducted while planning for the wider DDR process is ongoing. PI\/SC as part of a DDR process should (i) be based on a sound analysis of the context, conflict and motivations of the many different groups at which these activities are directed; (ii) make use of the best and most trusted local methods of communication; and (iii) ensure that PI\/SC materials and messages are pre- tested on a local audience and subsequently closely monitored and evaluated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":916, "Sentence":"Public information is used to inform DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders of the process, while strategic communication influences attitudes towards DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication public information used inform ddr participant beneficiary stakeholder process strategic communication influence attitude towards ddr ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Public information and strategic communication (PI\/SC) are key support activities that are instrumental in the overall success of DDR processes. Public information is used to inform DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders of the process, while strategic communication influences attitudes towards DDR. If successful, PI\/SC strategies will secure buy-in to the DDR process by outlining what DDR consists of and encouraging individuals to take part, as well as contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour.A DDR process should always be accompanied by a clearly articulated PI\/SC strategy. As DDR does not occur in a vacuum, the design, dissemination and planning of PI\/SC interventions should be an iterative process that occurs at all stages of the DDR process. PI\/SC interventions should be continuously updated to be relevant to political and operational realities, including public sentiment about DDR and the wider international effort to which DDR contributes. It is crucial that DDR is framed and communicated carefully, taking into account the varying informational requirements of different stakeholders and the various grievances, perceptions, culture, biases and political perspectives of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities.An effective PI\/SC strategy should have clear overall objectives based on a careful assessment of the context in which DDR will take place. There are four principal objectives of PI\/SC: (i) to inform by providing accurate information about the DDR process; (ii) to mitigate the potential negative impact of inaccurate and deceptive information that may hamper the success of DDR and wider peace efforts; (iii) to sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process; and (iv) to transform attitudes in communities in such a way that is conducive to DDR. PI\/SC should make an important contribution towards creating a climate of peace and security, as well as promote gender-equitable norms and non-violent forms of masculinities. DDR practitioners should support their national counterparts (national Government and local authorities) to define these objectives so that activities related to PI\/SC can be conducted while planning for the wider DDR process is ongoing. PI\/SC as part of a DDR process should (i) be based on a sound analysis of the context, conflict and motivations of the many different groups at which these activities are directed; (ii) make use of the best and most trusted local methods of communication; and (iii) ensure that PI\/SC materials and messages are pre- tested on a local audience and subsequently closely monitored and evaluated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":916, "Sentence":"If successful, PI\/SC strategies will secure buy-in to the DDR process by outlining what DDR consists of and encouraging individuals to take part, as well as contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour.A DDR process should always be accompanied by a clearly articulated PI\/SC strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication successful pi\/sc strategy secure buyin ddr process outlining ddr consists encouraging individual take part well contribute changing attitude behaviour.a ddr process always accompanied clearly articulated pi\/sc strategy ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Public information and strategic communication (PI\/SC) are key support activities that are instrumental in the overall success of DDR processes. Public information is used to inform DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders of the process, while strategic communication influences attitudes towards DDR. If successful, PI\/SC strategies will secure buy-in to the DDR process by outlining what DDR consists of and encouraging individuals to take part, as well as contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour.A DDR process should always be accompanied by a clearly articulated PI\/SC strategy. As DDR does not occur in a vacuum, the design, dissemination and planning of PI\/SC interventions should be an iterative process that occurs at all stages of the DDR process. PI\/SC interventions should be continuously updated to be relevant to political and operational realities, including public sentiment about DDR and the wider international effort to which DDR contributes. It is crucial that DDR is framed and communicated carefully, taking into account the varying informational requirements of different stakeholders and the various grievances, perceptions, culture, biases and political perspectives of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities.An effective PI\/SC strategy should have clear overall objectives based on a careful assessment of the context in which DDR will take place. There are four principal objectives of PI\/SC: (i) to inform by providing accurate information about the DDR process; (ii) to mitigate the potential negative impact of inaccurate and deceptive information that may hamper the success of DDR and wider peace efforts; (iii) to sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process; and (iv) to transform attitudes in communities in such a way that is conducive to DDR. PI\/SC should make an important contribution towards creating a climate of peace and security, as well as promote gender-equitable norms and non-violent forms of masculinities. DDR practitioners should support their national counterparts (national Government and local authorities) to define these objectives so that activities related to PI\/SC can be conducted while planning for the wider DDR process is ongoing. PI\/SC as part of a DDR process should (i) be based on a sound analysis of the context, conflict and motivations of the many different groups at which these activities are directed; (ii) make use of the best and most trusted local methods of communication; and (iii) ensure that PI\/SC materials and messages are pre- tested on a local audience and subsequently closely monitored and evaluated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":916, "Sentence":"As DDR does not occur in a vacuum, the design, dissemination and planning of PI\/SC interventions should be an iterative process that occurs at all stages of the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication ddr occur vacuum design dissemination planning pi\/sc intervention iterative process occurs stage ddr process ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Public information and strategic communication (PI\/SC) are key support activities that are instrumental in the overall success of DDR processes. Public information is used to inform DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders of the process, while strategic communication influences attitudes towards DDR. If successful, PI\/SC strategies will secure buy-in to the DDR process by outlining what DDR consists of and encouraging individuals to take part, as well as contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour.A DDR process should always be accompanied by a clearly articulated PI\/SC strategy. As DDR does not occur in a vacuum, the design, dissemination and planning of PI\/SC interventions should be an iterative process that occurs at all stages of the DDR process. PI\/SC interventions should be continuously updated to be relevant to political and operational realities, including public sentiment about DDR and the wider international effort to which DDR contributes. It is crucial that DDR is framed and communicated carefully, taking into account the varying informational requirements of different stakeholders and the various grievances, perceptions, culture, biases and political perspectives of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities.An effective PI\/SC strategy should have clear overall objectives based on a careful assessment of the context in which DDR will take place. There are four principal objectives of PI\/SC: (i) to inform by providing accurate information about the DDR process; (ii) to mitigate the potential negative impact of inaccurate and deceptive information that may hamper the success of DDR and wider peace efforts; (iii) to sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process; and (iv) to transform attitudes in communities in such a way that is conducive to DDR. PI\/SC should make an important contribution towards creating a climate of peace and security, as well as promote gender-equitable norms and non-violent forms of masculinities. DDR practitioners should support their national counterparts (national Government and local authorities) to define these objectives so that activities related to PI\/SC can be conducted while planning for the wider DDR process is ongoing. PI\/SC as part of a DDR process should (i) be based on a sound analysis of the context, conflict and motivations of the many different groups at which these activities are directed; (ii) make use of the best and most trusted local methods of communication; and (iii) ensure that PI\/SC materials and messages are pre- tested on a local audience and subsequently closely monitored and evaluated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":916, "Sentence":"PI\/SC interventions should be continuously updated to be relevant to political and operational realities, including public sentiment about DDR and the wider international effort to which DDR contributes.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication pi\/sc intervention continuously updated relevant political operational reality including public sentiment ddr wider international effort ddr contributes ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Public information and strategic communication (PI\/SC) are key support activities that are instrumental in the overall success of DDR processes. Public information is used to inform DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders of the process, while strategic communication influences attitudes towards DDR. If successful, PI\/SC strategies will secure buy-in to the DDR process by outlining what DDR consists of and encouraging individuals to take part, as well as contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour.A DDR process should always be accompanied by a clearly articulated PI\/SC strategy. As DDR does not occur in a vacuum, the design, dissemination and planning of PI\/SC interventions should be an iterative process that occurs at all stages of the DDR process. PI\/SC interventions should be continuously updated to be relevant to political and operational realities, including public sentiment about DDR and the wider international effort to which DDR contributes. It is crucial that DDR is framed and communicated carefully, taking into account the varying informational requirements of different stakeholders and the various grievances, perceptions, culture, biases and political perspectives of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities.An effective PI\/SC strategy should have clear overall objectives based on a careful assessment of the context in which DDR will take place. There are four principal objectives of PI\/SC: (i) to inform by providing accurate information about the DDR process; (ii) to mitigate the potential negative impact of inaccurate and deceptive information that may hamper the success of DDR and wider peace efforts; (iii) to sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process; and (iv) to transform attitudes in communities in such a way that is conducive to DDR. PI\/SC should make an important contribution towards creating a climate of peace and security, as well as promote gender-equitable norms and non-violent forms of masculinities. DDR practitioners should support their national counterparts (national Government and local authorities) to define these objectives so that activities related to PI\/SC can be conducted while planning for the wider DDR process is ongoing. PI\/SC as part of a DDR process should (i) be based on a sound analysis of the context, conflict and motivations of the many different groups at which these activities are directed; (ii) make use of the best and most trusted local methods of communication; and (iii) ensure that PI\/SC materials and messages are pre- tested on a local audience and subsequently closely monitored and evaluated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":916, "Sentence":"It is crucial that DDR is framed and communicated carefully, taking into account the varying informational requirements of different stakeholders and the various grievances, perceptions, culture, biases and political perspectives of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities.An effective PI\/SC strategy should have clear overall objectives based on a careful assessment of the context in which DDR will take place.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication crucial ddr framed communicated carefully taking account varying informational requirement different stakeholder various grievance perception culture bias political perspective ddr participant beneficiary communities.an effective pi\/sc strategy clear overall objective based careful assessment context ddr take place ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Public information and strategic communication (PI\/SC) are key support activities that are instrumental in the overall success of DDR processes. Public information is used to inform DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders of the process, while strategic communication influences attitudes towards DDR. If successful, PI\/SC strategies will secure buy-in to the DDR process by outlining what DDR consists of and encouraging individuals to take part, as well as contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour.A DDR process should always be accompanied by a clearly articulated PI\/SC strategy. As DDR does not occur in a vacuum, the design, dissemination and planning of PI\/SC interventions should be an iterative process that occurs at all stages of the DDR process. PI\/SC interventions should be continuously updated to be relevant to political and operational realities, including public sentiment about DDR and the wider international effort to which DDR contributes. It is crucial that DDR is framed and communicated carefully, taking into account the varying informational requirements of different stakeholders and the various grievances, perceptions, culture, biases and political perspectives of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities.An effective PI\/SC strategy should have clear overall objectives based on a careful assessment of the context in which DDR will take place. There are four principal objectives of PI\/SC: (i) to inform by providing accurate information about the DDR process; (ii) to mitigate the potential negative impact of inaccurate and deceptive information that may hamper the success of DDR and wider peace efforts; (iii) to sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process; and (iv) to transform attitudes in communities in such a way that is conducive to DDR. PI\/SC should make an important contribution towards creating a climate of peace and security, as well as promote gender-equitable norms and non-violent forms of masculinities. DDR practitioners should support their national counterparts (national Government and local authorities) to define these objectives so that activities related to PI\/SC can be conducted while planning for the wider DDR process is ongoing. PI\/SC as part of a DDR process should (i) be based on a sound analysis of the context, conflict and motivations of the many different groups at which these activities are directed; (ii) make use of the best and most trusted local methods of communication; and (iii) ensure that PI\/SC materials and messages are pre- tested on a local audience and subsequently closely monitored and evaluated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":916, "Sentence":"There are four principal objectives of PI\/SC: (i) to inform by providing accurate information about the DDR process; (ii) to mitigate the potential negative impact of inaccurate and deceptive information that may hamper the success of DDR and wider peace efforts; (iii) to sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process; and (iv) to transform attitudes in communities in such a way that is conducive to DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication four principal objective pi\/sc inform providing accurate information ddr process ii mitigate potential negative impact inaccurate deceptive information may hamper success ddr wider peace effort iii sensitize member armed force group ddr process iv transform attitude community way conducive ddr ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Public information and strategic communication (PI\/SC) are key support activities that are instrumental in the overall success of DDR processes. Public information is used to inform DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders of the process, while strategic communication influences attitudes towards DDR. If successful, PI\/SC strategies will secure buy-in to the DDR process by outlining what DDR consists of and encouraging individuals to take part, as well as contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour.A DDR process should always be accompanied by a clearly articulated PI\/SC strategy. As DDR does not occur in a vacuum, the design, dissemination and planning of PI\/SC interventions should be an iterative process that occurs at all stages of the DDR process. PI\/SC interventions should be continuously updated to be relevant to political and operational realities, including public sentiment about DDR and the wider international effort to which DDR contributes. It is crucial that DDR is framed and communicated carefully, taking into account the varying informational requirements of different stakeholders and the various grievances, perceptions, culture, biases and political perspectives of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities.An effective PI\/SC strategy should have clear overall objectives based on a careful assessment of the context in which DDR will take place. There are four principal objectives of PI\/SC: (i) to inform by providing accurate information about the DDR process; (ii) to mitigate the potential negative impact of inaccurate and deceptive information that may hamper the success of DDR and wider peace efforts; (iii) to sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process; and (iv) to transform attitudes in communities in such a way that is conducive to DDR. PI\/SC should make an important contribution towards creating a climate of peace and security, as well as promote gender-equitable norms and non-violent forms of masculinities. DDR practitioners should support their national counterparts (national Government and local authorities) to define these objectives so that activities related to PI\/SC can be conducted while planning for the wider DDR process is ongoing. PI\/SC as part of a DDR process should (i) be based on a sound analysis of the context, conflict and motivations of the many different groups at which these activities are directed; (ii) make use of the best and most trusted local methods of communication; and (iii) ensure that PI\/SC materials and messages are pre- tested on a local audience and subsequently closely monitored and evaluated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":916, "Sentence":"PI\/SC should make an important contribution towards creating a climate of peace and security, as well as promote gender-equitable norms and non-violent forms of masculinities.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication pi\/sc make important contribution towards creating climate peace security well promote genderequitable norm nonviolent form masculinity ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Public information and strategic communication (PI\/SC) are key support activities that are instrumental in the overall success of DDR processes. Public information is used to inform DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders of the process, while strategic communication influences attitudes towards DDR. If successful, PI\/SC strategies will secure buy-in to the DDR process by outlining what DDR consists of and encouraging individuals to take part, as well as contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour.A DDR process should always be accompanied by a clearly articulated PI\/SC strategy. As DDR does not occur in a vacuum, the design, dissemination and planning of PI\/SC interventions should be an iterative process that occurs at all stages of the DDR process. PI\/SC interventions should be continuously updated to be relevant to political and operational realities, including public sentiment about DDR and the wider international effort to which DDR contributes. It is crucial that DDR is framed and communicated carefully, taking into account the varying informational requirements of different stakeholders and the various grievances, perceptions, culture, biases and political perspectives of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities.An effective PI\/SC strategy should have clear overall objectives based on a careful assessment of the context in which DDR will take place. There are four principal objectives of PI\/SC: (i) to inform by providing accurate information about the DDR process; (ii) to mitigate the potential negative impact of inaccurate and deceptive information that may hamper the success of DDR and wider peace efforts; (iii) to sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process; and (iv) to transform attitudes in communities in such a way that is conducive to DDR. PI\/SC should make an important contribution towards creating a climate of peace and security, as well as promote gender-equitable norms and non-violent forms of masculinities. DDR practitioners should support their national counterparts (national Government and local authorities) to define these objectives so that activities related to PI\/SC can be conducted while planning for the wider DDR process is ongoing. PI\/SC as part of a DDR process should (i) be based on a sound analysis of the context, conflict and motivations of the many different groups at which these activities are directed; (ii) make use of the best and most trusted local methods of communication; and (iii) ensure that PI\/SC materials and messages are pre- tested on a local audience and subsequently closely monitored and evaluated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":916, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should support their national counterparts (national Government and local authorities) to define these objectives so that activities related to PI\/SC can be conducted while planning for the wider DDR process is ongoing.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication ddr practitioner support national counterpart national government local authority define objective activity related pi\/sc conducted planning wider ddr process ongoing ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Public information and strategic communication (PI\/SC) are key support activities that are instrumental in the overall success of DDR processes. Public information is used to inform DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders of the process, while strategic communication influences attitudes towards DDR. If successful, PI\/SC strategies will secure buy-in to the DDR process by outlining what DDR consists of and encouraging individuals to take part, as well as contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour.A DDR process should always be accompanied by a clearly articulated PI\/SC strategy. As DDR does not occur in a vacuum, the design, dissemination and planning of PI\/SC interventions should be an iterative process that occurs at all stages of the DDR process. PI\/SC interventions should be continuously updated to be relevant to political and operational realities, including public sentiment about DDR and the wider international effort to which DDR contributes. It is crucial that DDR is framed and communicated carefully, taking into account the varying informational requirements of different stakeholders and the various grievances, perceptions, culture, biases and political perspectives of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities.An effective PI\/SC strategy should have clear overall objectives based on a careful assessment of the context in which DDR will take place. There are four principal objectives of PI\/SC: (i) to inform by providing accurate information about the DDR process; (ii) to mitigate the potential negative impact of inaccurate and deceptive information that may hamper the success of DDR and wider peace efforts; (iii) to sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process; and (iv) to transform attitudes in communities in such a way that is conducive to DDR. PI\/SC should make an important contribution towards creating a climate of peace and security, as well as promote gender-equitable norms and non-violent forms of masculinities. DDR practitioners should support their national counterparts (national Government and local authorities) to define these objectives so that activities related to PI\/SC can be conducted while planning for the wider DDR process is ongoing. PI\/SC as part of a DDR process should (i) be based on a sound analysis of the context, conflict and motivations of the many different groups at which these activities are directed; (ii) make use of the best and most trusted local methods of communication; and (iii) ensure that PI\/SC materials and messages are pre- tested on a local audience and subsequently closely monitored and evaluated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":916, "Sentence":"PI\/SC as part of a DDR process should (i) be based on a sound analysis of the context, conflict and motivations of the many different groups at which these activities are directed; (ii) make use of the best and most trusted local methods of communication; and (iii) ensure that PI\/SC materials and messages are pre- tested on a local audience and subsequently closely monitored and evaluated.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication pi\/sc part ddr process based sound analysis context conflict motivation many different group activity directed ii make use best trusted local method communication iii ensure pi\/sc material message pre tested local audience subsequently closely monitored evaluated ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module aims to present the range of objectives, target groups and means of communication that DDR practitioners may choose from to formulate a PI\/SC strategy in support of DDR, both at the field and headquarters levels. The module includes guidance, applicable to both mission and non-mission settings, on the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of a PI\/SC strategy.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":917, "Sentence":"This module aims to present the range of objectives, target groups and means of communication that DDR practitioners may choose from to formulate a PI\/SC strategy in support of DDR, both at the field and headquarters levels.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication module aim present range objective target group mean communication ddr practitioner may choose formulate pi\/sc strategy support ddr field headquarters level ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module aims to present the range of objectives, target groups and means of communication that DDR practitioners may choose from to formulate a PI\/SC strategy in support of DDR, both at the field and headquarters levels. The module includes guidance, applicable to both mission and non-mission settings, on the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of a PI\/SC strategy.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":917, "Sentence":"The module includes guidance, applicable to both mission and non-mission settings, on the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of a PI\/SC strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication module includes guidance applicable mission nonmission setting planning design implementation monitoring pi\/sc strategy ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience.Strategic communication involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour.Disinformation: The deliberate dissemination of false information. It is an act of deception to convince an audience of something. Disinformation is intended to mislead.Misinformation: Giving erroneous or incorrect information. It is false or inaccurate information that is spread unintentionally.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":918, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication annex contains list abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience.Strategic communication involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour.Disinformation: The deliberate dissemination of false information. It is an act of deception to convince an audience of something. Disinformation is intended to mislead.Misinformation: Giving erroneous or incorrect information. It is false or inaccurate information that is spread unintentionally.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":918, "Sentence":"A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication complete glossary term definition abbreviation used iddrs series given iddrs 1.20.in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience.Strategic communication involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour.Disinformation: The deliberate dissemination of false information. It is an act of deception to convince an audience of something. Disinformation is intended to mislead.Misinformation: Giving erroneous or incorrect information. It is false or inaccurate information that is spread unintentionally.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":918, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience.Strategic communication involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour.Disinformation: The deliberate dissemination of false information.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication use consistent language used international organization standardization iso standard guideline n \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action n \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability n e \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation.public information seek provide relevant factually accurate information specific audience.strategic communication involves persuading identified audience adopt desired behaviour.disinformation deliberate dissemination false information ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience.Strategic communication involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour.Disinformation: The deliberate dissemination of false information. It is an act of deception to convince an audience of something. Disinformation is intended to mislead.Misinformation: Giving erroneous or incorrect information. It is false or inaccurate information that is spread unintentionally.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":918, "Sentence":"It is an act of deception to convince an audience of something.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication act deception convince audience something ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience.Strategic communication involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour.Disinformation: The deliberate dissemination of false information. It is an act of deception to convince an audience of something. Disinformation is intended to mislead.Misinformation: Giving erroneous or incorrect information. It is false or inaccurate information that is spread unintentionally.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":918, "Sentence":"Disinformation is intended to mislead.Misinformation: Giving erroneous or incorrect information.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication disinformation intended mislead.misinformation giving erroneous incorrect information ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience.Strategic communication involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour.Disinformation: The deliberate dissemination of false information. It is an act of deception to convince an audience of something. Disinformation is intended to mislead.Misinformation: Giving erroneous or incorrect information. It is false or inaccurate information that is spread unintentionally.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":918, "Sentence":"It is false or inaccurate information that is spread unintentionally.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication false inaccurate information spread unintentionally ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication ddr process requires involvement multiple actor including government legitimate authority signatory peace agreement one place combatant person associated armed force group dependant receiving community youth risk recruitment regional national international stakeholders.attitudes towards ddr process may vary within group ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication potential spoiler left peace agreement former commander may wish sabotage ddr others adamant take place ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication differing attitude least partly determined individual \u2019 level knowledge ddr broader peace process personal expectation motivation ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication order bring many different stakeholder conflict postconflict country region together support ddr essential ensure aware ddr meant take place false expectation mean ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication changing managing attitude behaviour \u2013 whether support opposition ddr \u2013 information dissemination strategic communication therefore essential part planning design implementation ddr process ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication pi\/sc play important catalytic function ddr process conceptualization preparation pi\/sc strategy start timely manner parallel planning ddr process.the basic rule effective pi\/sc strategy clear overall objective ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication ddr practitioner close collaboration pi\/sc expert support national local counterpart define objective ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication national counterpart may include limited government civil society organization medium partner entity experience community sensitization community engagement public relation medium relation ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication important note however pi activity compensate faulty ddr process convince people safe enter programme ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication combatant willing disarm whatever reason pi alone persuade so.ddr practitioner keep mind pi\/sc aimed much wider audience people directly involved affected ddr process within particular context ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication pi\/sc strategy also play essential role building regional international political support ddr effort help mobilize resource part ddr process funded voluntary donor contribution crucial success reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication pi\/sc staff mission nonmission setting therefore actively involved preparation design planning event incountry elsewhere used highlight objective ddr process raise awareness ddr among relevant regional international stakeholder ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication additionally pi play important role encouraging holistic view challenge rebuilding nation serve major tool advocacy gender equality inclusiveness form part ddr also see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"The role of national authorities is also critical in public information.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication role national authority also critical public information ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication ddr must nationallyled order build foundation longterm peace ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication therefore ddr practitioner ensure relevant message approved transmitted national authorities.communication rarely neutral ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication mean ddr practitioner consider message received well delivered ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication culture custom gender contextual driver shall form part pi\/sc strategy design ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication information disinformation misinformation hallmark conflict setting ddr take place ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication time crisis information becomes critical need affected individual community become vulnerable misinformation disinformation ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication therefore one objective ddr pi\/sc strategy provide information address uncertainty fear mistrust possible violence arise lack reliable information.merely providing information excombatants person formerly associated armed force group dependant victim youth risk recruitment conflictaffected community transform behaviour ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication therefore important make distinction public information strategic communication ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication public information reliable accurate objective sincere ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication example member armed force group provided information instead confusing inaccurate misleading information promise fulfilled undermine trust willingness ability participate ddr ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication likewise information communicated community stakeholder ddr process must factually correct ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication information shall case stigmatize stereotype former member armed force group ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication particularly important acknowledge excombatant person formerly associated armed force group assumed natural inclination towards violence ii study shown excombatants want resort violence returned community iii live preconception distrust fear local community towards marginalizes make return civilian life difficult iv female excombatants woman associated armed force group waafag child often stigmatized may survivor conflictrelated sexual violence grave right violations.if public information relates activity surrounding ddr strategic communication hand need understood activity undertaken support ddr objective ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication strategic communication explicitly involves persuading identified audience adopt desired behaviour ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication word whereas public information seek provide relevant factually accurate information specific audience strategic communication involves complex messaging may evolve along ddr process broader strategic objective national authority un ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication therefore important systematically ass impact communicated message ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication many case armed force group engaged similar activity based objective perception goal ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication therefore strategic communication mean provide alternative narrative response rumour debunk false information may circulating ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication addition strategic communication vital purpose helping community understand ddr process involve example programme community violence reduction cvr reintegration excombatants person formerly associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication strategic communication directly contribute promotion peacebuilding social cohesion increasing prospect peaceful coexistence community member returning former member armed force group ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR is a process that requires the involvement of multiple actors, including the Government or legitimate authority and other signatories to a peace agreement (if one is in place); combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, their dependants, receiving communities and youth at risk of recruitment; and other regional, national and international stakeholders.Attitudes towards the DDR process may vary within and between these groups. Potential spoilers, such as those left out of the peace agreement or former commanders, may wish to sabotage DDR, while others will be adamant that it takes place. These differing attitudes will be at least partly determined by individuals\u2019 levels of knowledge of the DDR and broader peace process, their personal expectations and their motivations. In order to bring the many different stakeholders in a conflict or post-conflict country (and region) together in support of DDR, it is essential to ensure that they are aware of how DDR is meant to take place and that they do not have false expectations about what it can mean for them. Changing and managing attitudes and behaviour \u2013 whether in support of or in opposition to DDR \u2013 through information dissemination and strategic communication are therefore essential parts of the planning, design and implementation of a DDR process. PI\/SC plays an important catalytic function in the DDR process, and the conceptualization of and preparation for the PI\/SC strategy should start in a timely manner, in parallel with planning for the DDR process.The basic rule for an effective PI\/SC strategy is to have clear overall objectives. DDR practitioners should, in close collaboration with PI\/SC experts, support their national and local counterparts to define these objectives. These national counterparts may include, but are not limited to, Government; civil society organizations; media partners; and other entities with experience in community sensitization, community engagement, public relations and media relations. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to enter the programme. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.DDR practitioners should keep in mind that PI\/SC should be aimed at a much wider audience than those people who are directly involved in or affected by the DDR process within a particular context. PI\/SC strategies can also play an essential role in building regional and international political support for DDR efforts and can help to mobilize resources for parts of the DDR process that are funded through voluntary donor contributions and are crucial for the success of reintegration programmes. PI\/SC staff in both mission and non-mission settings should therefore be actively involved in the preparation, design and planning of any events in-country or elsewhere that can be used to highlight the objectives of the DDR process and raise awareness of DDR among relevant regional and international stakeholders. Additionally, PI can play an important role in encouraging a holistic view of the challenges of rebuilding a nation and can serve as a major tool in advocacy for gender equality and inclusiveness, which form part of DDR (also see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). The role of national authorities is also critical in public information. DDR must be nationally-led in order to build the foundation of long-term peace. Therefore, DDR practitioners should ensure that relevant messages are approved and transmitted by national authorities.Communication is rarely neutral. This means that DDR practitioners should consider how messages will be received as well as how they are to be delivered. Culture, custom, gender, and other contextual drivers shall form part of the PI\/SC strategy design. Information, disinformation and misinformation are all hallmarks of the conflict settings in which DDR takes place. In times of crisis, information becomes a critical need for those affected, and individuals and communities can become vulnerable to misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, one objective of a DDR PI\/SC strategy should be to provide information that can address this uncertainty and the fear, mistrust and possible violence that can arise from a lack of reliable information.Merely providing information to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, victims, youth at risk of recruitment and conflict-affected communities will not in itself transform behaviour. It is therefore important to make a distinction between public information and strategic communication. Public information is reliable, accurate, objective and sincere. For example, if members of armed forces and groups are not provided with such information but, instead, with confusing, inaccurate and misleading information (or promises that cannot be fulfilled), then this will undermine their trust, willingness and ability to participate in DDR. Likewise, the information communicated to communities and other stakeholders about the DDR process must be factually correct. This information shall not, in any case, stigmatize or stereotype former members of armed forces and groups. Here it is particularly important to acknowledge that: (i) no ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group should be assumed to have a natural inclination towards violence; (ii) studies have shown that most ex-combatants do not (want to) resort to violence once they have returned to their communities; but (iii) they have to live with preconceptions, distrust and fear of the local communities towards them, which further marginalizes them and makes their return to civilian life more difficult; and (iv) female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFAG) and their children are often stigmatized, and may be survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and other grave rights violations.If public information relates to activities surrounding DDR, strategic communication, on the other hand, needs to be understood as activities that are undertaken in support of DDR objectives. Strategic communication explicitly involves persuading an identified audience to adopt a desired behaviour. In other words, whereas public information seeks to provide relevant and factually accurate information to a specific audience, strategic communication involves complex messaging that may evolve along with the DDR process and the broader strategic objectives of the national authorities or the UN. It is therefore important to systematically assess the impact of the communicated messages. In many cases, armed forces and groups themselves are engaged in similar activities based on their own objectives, perceptions and goals. Therefore, strategic communication is a means to provide alternative narratives in response to rumours and to debunk false information that may be circulating. In addition, strategic communication has the vital purpose of helping communities understand how the DDR process will involve them, for example, in programmes of community violence reduction (CVR) or in the reintegration of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. Strategic communication can directly contribute to the promotion of both peacebuilding and social cohesion, increasing the prospects of peaceful coexistence between community members and returning former members of armed forces and groups. It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":919, "Sentence":"It can also provide alternative narratives about female returnees, mitigating stigma for women as well as the impact of the conflict on mental health for both DDR participants and beneficiaries in the community at large.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication also provide alternative narrative female returnees mitigating stigma woman well impact conflict mental health ddr participant beneficiary community large ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to PI\/SC strategies for DDR:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":920, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to PI\/SC strategies for DDR:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":920, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to PI\/SC strategies for DDR:", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication section outline principle apply pi\/sc strategy ddr" }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 People centred", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall manage expectations concerning the DDR process by being clear, realistic, honest, communicative and consistent about what DDR can and cannot deliver. The PI\/SC strategy shall focus on the national (and, where applicable, regional) stakeholders, participants and beneficiaries of the DDR process, i.e., ex-combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, receiving communities, parties to the peace agreement, civil society, local and national authorities, and the media.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":921, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall manage expectations concerning the DDR process by being clear, realistic, honest, communicative and consistent about what DDR can and cannot deliver.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication ddr practitioner shall manage expectation concerning ddr process clear realistic honest communicative consistent ddr deliver ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 People centred", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall manage expectations concerning the DDR process by being clear, realistic, honest, communicative and consistent about what DDR can and cannot deliver. The PI\/SC strategy shall focus on the national (and, where applicable, regional) stakeholders, participants and beneficiaries of the DDR process, i.e., ex-combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, receiving communities, parties to the peace agreement, civil society, local and national authorities, and the media.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":921, "Sentence":"The PI\/SC strategy shall focus on the national (and, where applicable, regional) stakeholders, participants and beneficiaries of the DDR process, i.e., ex-combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, dependants, receiving communities, parties to the peace agreement, civil society, local and national authorities, and the media.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication pi\/sc strategy shall focus national applicable regional stakeholder participant beneficiary ddr process i.e . excombatants person associated armed force group dependant receiving community party peace agreement civil society local national authority medium ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Children associated with armed forces and groups and their caregivers shall be provided with child- friendly, age-appropriate and gender-sensitive information about DDR. Information should be provided to children on access to justice and reparation, and on their rights to be free from discrimination and to be safe and protected from violence and abuse. Children should also be informed of the services and support available to them, how to access this support and the procedures to access safe complaint mechanisms and judicial recourse. PI\/SC strategies developed as part of a DDR process shall include provisions for disseminating messages on the rights of children and the consequences that armed forces and groups will face if engaging in child recruitment, including messages that dismantle stigma and ostracization by the child\u2019s family or home community (noting that stigma can be imposed disproportionately on girls). Communities, local authorities and police shall also be provided with information and training on how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed forces and groups and which protocols apply to ensure their protection and safe handover to child protection services. The personal information of children shall never be shared for the purposes of PI\/SC, and all information gathered from children shall be treated according to the requirements of confidentiality.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":922, "Sentence":"Children associated with armed forces and groups and their caregivers shall be provided with child- friendly, age-appropriate and gender-sensitive information about DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication child associated armed force group caregiver shall provided child friendly ageappropriate gendersensitive information ddr ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Children associated with armed forces and groups and their caregivers shall be provided with child- friendly, age-appropriate and gender-sensitive information about DDR. Information should be provided to children on access to justice and reparation, and on their rights to be free from discrimination and to be safe and protected from violence and abuse. Children should also be informed of the services and support available to them, how to access this support and the procedures to access safe complaint mechanisms and judicial recourse. PI\/SC strategies developed as part of a DDR process shall include provisions for disseminating messages on the rights of children and the consequences that armed forces and groups will face if engaging in child recruitment, including messages that dismantle stigma and ostracization by the child\u2019s family or home community (noting that stigma can be imposed disproportionately on girls). Communities, local authorities and police shall also be provided with information and training on how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed forces and groups and which protocols apply to ensure their protection and safe handover to child protection services. The personal information of children shall never be shared for the purposes of PI\/SC, and all information gathered from children shall be treated according to the requirements of confidentiality.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":922, "Sentence":"Information should be provided to children on access to justice and reparation, and on their rights to be free from discrimination and to be safe and protected from violence and abuse.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication information provided child access justice reparation right free discrimination safe protected violence abuse ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Children associated with armed forces and groups and their caregivers shall be provided with child- friendly, age-appropriate and gender-sensitive information about DDR. Information should be provided to children on access to justice and reparation, and on their rights to be free from discrimination and to be safe and protected from violence and abuse. Children should also be informed of the services and support available to them, how to access this support and the procedures to access safe complaint mechanisms and judicial recourse. PI\/SC strategies developed as part of a DDR process shall include provisions for disseminating messages on the rights of children and the consequences that armed forces and groups will face if engaging in child recruitment, including messages that dismantle stigma and ostracization by the child\u2019s family or home community (noting that stigma can be imposed disproportionately on girls). Communities, local authorities and police shall also be provided with information and training on how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed forces and groups and which protocols apply to ensure their protection and safe handover to child protection services. The personal information of children shall never be shared for the purposes of PI\/SC, and all information gathered from children shall be treated according to the requirements of confidentiality.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":922, "Sentence":"Children should also be informed of the services and support available to them, how to access this support and the procedures to access safe complaint mechanisms and judicial recourse.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication child also informed service support available access support procedure access safe complaint mechanism judicial recourse ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Children associated with armed forces and groups and their caregivers shall be provided with child- friendly, age-appropriate and gender-sensitive information about DDR. Information should be provided to children on access to justice and reparation, and on their rights to be free from discrimination and to be safe and protected from violence and abuse. Children should also be informed of the services and support available to them, how to access this support and the procedures to access safe complaint mechanisms and judicial recourse. PI\/SC strategies developed as part of a DDR process shall include provisions for disseminating messages on the rights of children and the consequences that armed forces and groups will face if engaging in child recruitment, including messages that dismantle stigma and ostracization by the child\u2019s family or home community (noting that stigma can be imposed disproportionately on girls). Communities, local authorities and police shall also be provided with information and training on how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed forces and groups and which protocols apply to ensure their protection and safe handover to child protection services. The personal information of children shall never be shared for the purposes of PI\/SC, and all information gathered from children shall be treated according to the requirements of confidentiality.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":922, "Sentence":"PI\/SC strategies developed as part of a DDR process shall include provisions for disseminating messages on the rights of children and the consequences that armed forces and groups will face if engaging in child recruitment, including messages that dismantle stigma and ostracization by the child\u2019s family or home community (noting that stigma can be imposed disproportionately on girls).", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication pi\/sc strategy developed part ddr process shall include provision disseminating message right child consequence armed force group face engaging child recruitment including message dismantle stigma ostracization child \u2019 family home community noting stigma imposed disproportionately girl ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Children associated with armed forces and groups and their caregivers shall be provided with child- friendly, age-appropriate and gender-sensitive information about DDR. Information should be provided to children on access to justice and reparation, and on their rights to be free from discrimination and to be safe and protected from violence and abuse. Children should also be informed of the services and support available to them, how to access this support and the procedures to access safe complaint mechanisms and judicial recourse. PI\/SC strategies developed as part of a DDR process shall include provisions for disseminating messages on the rights of children and the consequences that armed forces and groups will face if engaging in child recruitment, including messages that dismantle stigma and ostracization by the child\u2019s family or home community (noting that stigma can be imposed disproportionately on girls). Communities, local authorities and police shall also be provided with information and training on how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed forces and groups and which protocols apply to ensure their protection and safe handover to child protection services. The personal information of children shall never be shared for the purposes of PI\/SC, and all information gathered from children shall be treated according to the requirements of confidentiality.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":922, "Sentence":"Communities, local authorities and police shall also be provided with information and training on how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed forces and groups and which protocols apply to ensure their protection and safe handover to child protection services.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication community local authority police shall also provided information training assist child exited released armed force group protocol apply ensure protection safe handover child protection service ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Children associated with armed forces and groups and their caregivers shall be provided with child- friendly, age-appropriate and gender-sensitive information about DDR. Information should be provided to children on access to justice and reparation, and on their rights to be free from discrimination and to be safe and protected from violence and abuse. Children should also be informed of the services and support available to them, how to access this support and the procedures to access safe complaint mechanisms and judicial recourse. PI\/SC strategies developed as part of a DDR process shall include provisions for disseminating messages on the rights of children and the consequences that armed forces and groups will face if engaging in child recruitment, including messages that dismantle stigma and ostracization by the child\u2019s family or home community (noting that stigma can be imposed disproportionately on girls). Communities, local authorities and police shall also be provided with information and training on how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed forces and groups and which protocols apply to ensure their protection and safe handover to child protection services. The personal information of children shall never be shared for the purposes of PI\/SC, and all information gathered from children shall be treated according to the requirements of confidentiality.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":922, "Sentence":"The personal information of children shall never be shared for the purposes of PI\/SC, and all information gathered from children shall be treated according to the requirements of confidentiality.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication personal information child shall never shared purpose pi\/sc information gathered child shall treated according requirement confidentiality ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"PI\/SC messages shall take into consideration the needs and interests of women and girls, who play a central role in peacebuilding at the community level. Female ex-combatants and other WAAFAG must be informed about their eligibility for DDR and any special programmes for them, which may require specific strategies and approaches. PI\/SC messages shall also encourage the participation of women and girls in the DDR process. DDR practitioners shall strive to ensure that key messages, communications material and information campaigns are gender responsive, taking into account the need for tailored messaging that addresses the specific needs of women, men, boys and girls. They shall also leverage opportunities to support gender-transformative norms and women\u2019s empowerment. Specific attention should be paid to developing gender-responsive information strategies that can play an important role in the reintegration and return of women by mitigating their stigmatization and contributing to community sensitization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":923, "Sentence":"PI\/SC messages shall take into consideration the needs and interests of women and girls, who play a central role in peacebuilding at the community level.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication pi\/sc message shall take consideration need interest woman girl play central role peacebuilding community level ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"PI\/SC messages shall take into consideration the needs and interests of women and girls, who play a central role in peacebuilding at the community level. Female ex-combatants and other WAAFAG must be informed about their eligibility for DDR and any special programmes for them, which may require specific strategies and approaches. PI\/SC messages shall also encourage the participation of women and girls in the DDR process. DDR practitioners shall strive to ensure that key messages, communications material and information campaigns are gender responsive, taking into account the need for tailored messaging that addresses the specific needs of women, men, boys and girls. They shall also leverage opportunities to support gender-transformative norms and women\u2019s empowerment. Specific attention should be paid to developing gender-responsive information strategies that can play an important role in the reintegration and return of women by mitigating their stigmatization and contributing to community sensitization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":923, "Sentence":"Female ex-combatants and other WAAFAG must be informed about their eligibility for DDR and any special programmes for them, which may require specific strategies and approaches.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication female excombatants waafag must informed eligibility ddr special programme may require specific strategy approach ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"PI\/SC messages shall take into consideration the needs and interests of women and girls, who play a central role in peacebuilding at the community level. Female ex-combatants and other WAAFAG must be informed about their eligibility for DDR and any special programmes for them, which may require specific strategies and approaches. PI\/SC messages shall also encourage the participation of women and girls in the DDR process. DDR practitioners shall strive to ensure that key messages, communications material and information campaigns are gender responsive, taking into account the need for tailored messaging that addresses the specific needs of women, men, boys and girls. They shall also leverage opportunities to support gender-transformative norms and women\u2019s empowerment. Specific attention should be paid to developing gender-responsive information strategies that can play an important role in the reintegration and return of women by mitigating their stigmatization and contributing to community sensitization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":923, "Sentence":"PI\/SC messages shall also encourage the participation of women and girls in the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication pi\/sc message shall also encourage participation woman girl ddr process ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"PI\/SC messages shall take into consideration the needs and interests of women and girls, who play a central role in peacebuilding at the community level. Female ex-combatants and other WAAFAG must be informed about their eligibility for DDR and any special programmes for them, which may require specific strategies and approaches. PI\/SC messages shall also encourage the participation of women and girls in the DDR process. DDR practitioners shall strive to ensure that key messages, communications material and information campaigns are gender responsive, taking into account the need for tailored messaging that addresses the specific needs of women, men, boys and girls. They shall also leverage opportunities to support gender-transformative norms and women\u2019s empowerment. Specific attention should be paid to developing gender-responsive information strategies that can play an important role in the reintegration and return of women by mitigating their stigmatization and contributing to community sensitization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":923, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall strive to ensure that key messages, communications material and information campaigns are gender responsive, taking into account the need for tailored messaging that addresses the specific needs of women, men, boys and girls.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication ddr practitioner shall strive ensure key message communication material information campaign gender responsive taking account need tailored messaging address specific need woman men boy girl ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"PI\/SC messages shall take into consideration the needs and interests of women and girls, who play a central role in peacebuilding at the community level. Female ex-combatants and other WAAFAG must be informed about their eligibility for DDR and any special programmes for them, which may require specific strategies and approaches. PI\/SC messages shall also encourage the participation of women and girls in the DDR process. DDR practitioners shall strive to ensure that key messages, communications material and information campaigns are gender responsive, taking into account the need for tailored messaging that addresses the specific needs of women, men, boys and girls. They shall also leverage opportunities to support gender-transformative norms and women\u2019s empowerment. Specific attention should be paid to developing gender-responsive information strategies that can play an important role in the reintegration and return of women by mitigating their stigmatization and contributing to community sensitization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":923, "Sentence":"They shall also leverage opportunities to support gender-transformative norms and women\u2019s empowerment.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication shall also leverage opportunity support gendertransformative norm woman \u2019 empowerment ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"PI\/SC messages shall take into consideration the needs and interests of women and girls, who play a central role in peacebuilding at the community level. Female ex-combatants and other WAAFAG must be informed about their eligibility for DDR and any special programmes for them, which may require specific strategies and approaches. PI\/SC messages shall also encourage the participation of women and girls in the DDR process. DDR practitioners shall strive to ensure that key messages, communications material and information campaigns are gender responsive, taking into account the need for tailored messaging that addresses the specific needs of women, men, boys and girls. They shall also leverage opportunities to support gender-transformative norms and women\u2019s empowerment. Specific attention should be paid to developing gender-responsive information strategies that can play an important role in the reintegration and return of women by mitigating their stigmatization and contributing to community sensitization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":923, "Sentence":"Specific attention should be paid to developing gender-responsive information strategies that can play an important role in the reintegration and return of women by mitigating their stigmatization and contributing to community sensitization.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication specific attention paid developing genderresponsive information strategy play important role reintegration return woman mitigating stigmatization contributing community sensitization ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall base any and all strategic communications interventions \u2013 for example, to combat misinformation and disinformation \u2013 on clear conflict analysis. Strategic communications have a direct impact on conflict dynamics and the perceptions of armed forces and groups, and shall therefore be carefully considered. \u2018Do no harm\u2019 is a standard principle against which all DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support shall be evaluated at all times. No false promises shall be made through the PI\/SC strategy.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":924, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall base any and all strategic communications interventions \u2013 for example, to combat misinformation and disinformation \u2013 on clear conflict analysis.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication ddr practitioner shall base strategic communication intervention \u2013 example combat misinformation disinformation \u2013 clear conflict analysis ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall base any and all strategic communications interventions \u2013 for example, to combat misinformation and disinformation \u2013 on clear conflict analysis. Strategic communications have a direct impact on conflict dynamics and the perceptions of armed forces and groups, and shall therefore be carefully considered. \u2018Do no harm\u2019 is a standard principle against which all DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support shall be evaluated at all times. No false promises shall be made through the PI\/SC strategy.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":924, "Sentence":"Strategic communications have a direct impact on conflict dynamics and the perceptions of armed forces and groups, and shall therefore be carefully considered.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication strategic communication direct impact conflict dynamic perception armed force group shall therefore carefully considered ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall base any and all strategic communications interventions \u2013 for example, to combat misinformation and disinformation \u2013 on clear conflict analysis. Strategic communications have a direct impact on conflict dynamics and the perceptions of armed forces and groups, and shall therefore be carefully considered. \u2018Do no harm\u2019 is a standard principle against which all DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support shall be evaluated at all times. No false promises shall be made through the PI\/SC strategy.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":924, "Sentence":"\u2018Do no harm\u2019 is a standard principle against which all DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support shall be evaluated at all times.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication \u2018 harm \u2019 standard principle ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support shall evaluated time ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall base any and all strategic communications interventions \u2013 for example, to combat misinformation and disinformation \u2013 on clear conflict analysis. Strategic communications have a direct impact on conflict dynamics and the perceptions of armed forces and groups, and shall therefore be carefully considered. \u2018Do no harm\u2019 is a standard principle against which all DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support shall be evaluated at all times. No false promises shall be made through the PI\/SC strategy.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":924, "Sentence":"No false promises shall be made through the PI\/SC strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication false promise shall made pi\/sc strategy ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"To increase the effectiveness of a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners shall consider cultural factors and levels of trust in different types of media. PI\/SC strategies shall be responsive to new political, social and\/or technological developments, as well as changes within the DDR process as it evolves. DDR practitioners shall also take into account the accessibility of the information provided. This includes considerations related to both the selection of media and choice of language. All communications methods shall be designed with an understanding of potential context-specific barriers, including, for example, the remoteness of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Messages should be tested before dissemination to ensure that they meet the above mentioned criteria.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":925, "Sentence":"To increase the effectiveness of a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners shall consider cultural factors and levels of trust in different types of media.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication increase effectiveness pi\/sc strategy ddr practitioner shall consider cultural factor level trust different type medium ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"To increase the effectiveness of a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners shall consider cultural factors and levels of trust in different types of media. PI\/SC strategies shall be responsive to new political, social and\/or technological developments, as well as changes within the DDR process as it evolves. DDR practitioners shall also take into account the accessibility of the information provided. This includes considerations related to both the selection of media and choice of language. All communications methods shall be designed with an understanding of potential context-specific barriers, including, for example, the remoteness of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Messages should be tested before dissemination to ensure that they meet the above mentioned criteria.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":925, "Sentence":"PI\/SC strategies shall be responsive to new political, social and\/or technological developments, as well as changes within the DDR process as it evolves.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication pi\/sc strategy shall responsive new political social and\/or technological development well change within ddr process evolves ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"To increase the effectiveness of a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners shall consider cultural factors and levels of trust in different types of media. PI\/SC strategies shall be responsive to new political, social and\/or technological developments, as well as changes within the DDR process as it evolves. DDR practitioners shall also take into account the accessibility of the information provided. This includes considerations related to both the selection of media and choice of language. All communications methods shall be designed with an understanding of potential context-specific barriers, including, for example, the remoteness of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Messages should be tested before dissemination to ensure that they meet the above mentioned criteria.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":925, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall also take into account the accessibility of the information provided.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication ddr practitioner shall also take account accessibility information provided ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"To increase the effectiveness of a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners shall consider cultural factors and levels of trust in different types of media. PI\/SC strategies shall be responsive to new political, social and\/or technological developments, as well as changes within the DDR process as it evolves. DDR practitioners shall also take into account the accessibility of the information provided. This includes considerations related to both the selection of media and choice of language. All communications methods shall be designed with an understanding of potential context-specific barriers, including, for example, the remoteness of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Messages should be tested before dissemination to ensure that they meet the above mentioned criteria.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":925, "Sentence":"This includes considerations related to both the selection of media and choice of language.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication includes consideration related selection medium choice language ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"To increase the effectiveness of a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners shall consider cultural factors and levels of trust in different types of media. PI\/SC strategies shall be responsive to new political, social and\/or technological developments, as well as changes within the DDR process as it evolves. DDR practitioners shall also take into account the accessibility of the information provided. This includes considerations related to both the selection of media and choice of language. All communications methods shall be designed with an understanding of potential context-specific barriers, including, for example, the remoteness of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Messages should be tested before dissemination to ensure that they meet the above mentioned criteria.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":925, "Sentence":"All communications methods shall be designed with an understanding of potential context-specific barriers, including, for example, the remoteness of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication communication method shall designed understanding potential contextspecific barrier including example remoteness combatant person associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"To increase the effectiveness of a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners shall consider cultural factors and levels of trust in different types of media. PI\/SC strategies shall be responsive to new political, social and\/or technological developments, as well as changes within the DDR process as it evolves. DDR practitioners shall also take into account the accessibility of the information provided. This includes considerations related to both the selection of media and choice of language. All communications methods shall be designed with an understanding of potential context-specific barriers, including, for example, the remoteness of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Messages should be tested before dissemination to ensure that they meet the above mentioned criteria.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":925, "Sentence":"Messages should be tested before dissemination to ensure that they meet the above mentioned criteria.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication message tested dissemination ensure meet mentioned criterion ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall ensure that PI\/SC strategies are nationally and locally owned. National authorities should lead the implementation of PI\/SC strategies. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between community members and former members of armed forces and groups. National ownership also ensures that PI\/SC strategies are culturally and contextually relevant, especially with regard to the PI\/SC messages and communication tools used. In both mission and non-mission contexts, UN practitioners should coordinate closely with, and provide support to, national actors as part of the larger national PI\/SC strategy. When combined with UN support (e.g. technical, logistical), national ownership encourages national authorities to assume leadership in the overall transition process. Additionally, PI\/SC capacities must be kept close to central decision-making processes, in order to be responsive to the perogatives of the DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":926, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall ensure that PI\/SC strategies are nationally and locally owned.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication ddr practitioner shall ensure pi\/sc strategy nationally locally owned ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall ensure that PI\/SC strategies are nationally and locally owned. National authorities should lead the implementation of PI\/SC strategies. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between community members and former members of armed forces and groups. National ownership also ensures that PI\/SC strategies are culturally and contextually relevant, especially with regard to the PI\/SC messages and communication tools used. In both mission and non-mission contexts, UN practitioners should coordinate closely with, and provide support to, national actors as part of the larger national PI\/SC strategy. When combined with UN support (e.g. technical, logistical), national ownership encourages national authorities to assume leadership in the overall transition process. Additionally, PI\/SC capacities must be kept close to central decision-making processes, in order to be responsive to the perogatives of the DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":926, "Sentence":"National authorities should lead the implementation of PI\/SC strategies.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication national authority lead implementation pi\/sc strategy ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall ensure that PI\/SC strategies are nationally and locally owned. National authorities should lead the implementation of PI\/SC strategies. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between community members and former members of armed forces and groups. National ownership also ensures that PI\/SC strategies are culturally and contextually relevant, especially with regard to the PI\/SC messages and communication tools used. In both mission and non-mission contexts, UN practitioners should coordinate closely with, and provide support to, national actors as part of the larger national PI\/SC strategy. When combined with UN support (e.g. technical, logistical), national ownership encourages national authorities to assume leadership in the overall transition process. Additionally, PI\/SC capacities must be kept close to central decision-making processes, in order to be responsive to the perogatives of the DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":926, "Sentence":"National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between community members and former members of armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication national ownership ensures ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support informed understanding local context dynamic conflict dynamic community member former member armed force group ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall ensure that PI\/SC strategies are nationally and locally owned. National authorities should lead the implementation of PI\/SC strategies. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between community members and former members of armed forces and groups. National ownership also ensures that PI\/SC strategies are culturally and contextually relevant, especially with regard to the PI\/SC messages and communication tools used. In both mission and non-mission contexts, UN practitioners should coordinate closely with, and provide support to, national actors as part of the larger national PI\/SC strategy. When combined with UN support (e.g. technical, logistical), national ownership encourages national authorities to assume leadership in the overall transition process. Additionally, PI\/SC capacities must be kept close to central decision-making processes, in order to be responsive to the perogatives of the DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":926, "Sentence":"National ownership also ensures that PI\/SC strategies are culturally and contextually relevant, especially with regard to the PI\/SC messages and communication tools used.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication national ownership also ensures pi\/sc strategy culturally contextually relevant especially regard pi\/sc message communication tool used ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall ensure that PI\/SC strategies are nationally and locally owned. National authorities should lead the implementation of PI\/SC strategies. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between community members and former members of armed forces and groups. National ownership also ensures that PI\/SC strategies are culturally and contextually relevant, especially with regard to the PI\/SC messages and communication tools used. In both mission and non-mission contexts, UN practitioners should coordinate closely with, and provide support to, national actors as part of the larger national PI\/SC strategy. When combined with UN support (e.g. technical, logistical), national ownership encourages national authorities to assume leadership in the overall transition process. Additionally, PI\/SC capacities must be kept close to central decision-making processes, in order to be responsive to the perogatives of the DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":926, "Sentence":"In both mission and non-mission contexts, UN practitioners should coordinate closely with, and provide support to, national actors as part of the larger national PI\/SC strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication mission nonmission context un practitioner coordinate closely provide support national actor part larger national pi\/sc strategy ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall ensure that PI\/SC strategies are nationally and locally owned. National authorities should lead the implementation of PI\/SC strategies. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between community members and former members of armed forces and groups. National ownership also ensures that PI\/SC strategies are culturally and contextually relevant, especially with regard to the PI\/SC messages and communication tools used. In both mission and non-mission contexts, UN practitioners should coordinate closely with, and provide support to, national actors as part of the larger national PI\/SC strategy. When combined with UN support (e.g. technical, logistical), national ownership encourages national authorities to assume leadership in the overall transition process. Additionally, PI\/SC capacities must be kept close to central decision-making processes, in order to be responsive to the perogatives of the DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":926, "Sentence":"When combined with UN support (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication combined un support e.g ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall ensure that PI\/SC strategies are nationally and locally owned. National authorities should lead the implementation of PI\/SC strategies. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between community members and former members of armed forces and groups. National ownership also ensures that PI\/SC strategies are culturally and contextually relevant, especially with regard to the PI\/SC messages and communication tools used. In both mission and non-mission contexts, UN practitioners should coordinate closely with, and provide support to, national actors as part of the larger national PI\/SC strategy. When combined with UN support (e.g. technical, logistical), national ownership encourages national authorities to assume leadership in the overall transition process. Additionally, PI\/SC capacities must be kept close to central decision-making processes, in order to be responsive to the perogatives of the DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":926, "Sentence":"technical, logistical), national ownership encourages national authorities to assume leadership in the overall transition process.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication technical logistical national ownership encourages national authority assume leadership overall transition process ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall ensure that PI\/SC strategies are nationally and locally owned. National authorities should lead the implementation of PI\/SC strategies. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between community members and former members of armed forces and groups. National ownership also ensures that PI\/SC strategies are culturally and contextually relevant, especially with regard to the PI\/SC messages and communication tools used. In both mission and non-mission contexts, UN practitioners should coordinate closely with, and provide support to, national actors as part of the larger national PI\/SC strategy. When combined with UN support (e.g. technical, logistical), national ownership encourages national authorities to assume leadership in the overall transition process. Additionally, PI\/SC capacities must be kept close to central decision-making processes, in order to be responsive to the perogatives of the DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":926, "Sentence":"Additionally, PI\/SC capacities must be kept close to central decision-making processes, in order to be responsive to the perogatives of the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication additionally pi\/sc capacity must kept close central decisionmaking process order responsive perogatives ddr process ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication pi\/sc strategy outline ddr process specific context consists public information activity contribute changing attitude behaviour strategic communication intervention ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication four overall objective pi\/sc n inform stakeholder ddr process public information includes providing tailored key message various stakeholder go deposit weapon eligible ddr reintegration option available ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication result ddr participant beneficiary stakeholder made fully aware ddr process involves ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication kind messaging also serf purpose making community understand ddr process involve ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication importantly serf manage expectation clearly defining fall within outside scope ddr ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication ddr process made different combination ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support message clearly define eligible ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication given historically woman girl always received information male combatant may purposely hidden male commander may \u2018 selfdemobilized \u2019 essential pi\/sc strategy take consideration specific information channel required reach ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication important note however pi activity compensate faulty ddr process convince people safe participate ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication combatant willing disarm whatever reason pi alone persuade ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication sitatutions strategic communication may used create condition successful ddr process ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"\\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n mitigate negative impact misinformation disinformation strategic communication important understand conflict actor armed group stakeholder respond react and\/or provide alternative message disseminated support ddr process ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication volatile conflict postconflict context ddr take place profited war believe political objective met may wish see ddr process succeed ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication may access radio station make broadcast may distribute pamphlet material spreading \u2018 hate \u2019 message incite violence undermine un and\/or former warring party ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication spoiler likely access online platform blog social medium easily reach influence large number people ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication therefore critical pi\/sc extends beyond merely providing information public ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication comprehensive pi\/sc strategy shall designed identify address source misinformation disinformation develop tailored strategic communication intervention ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication implementation iterative whereby message deployed provide alternative narrative specific misinformation disinformation may hamper implementation ddr process ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"\\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n sensitize member armed force group ddr process strategic communication strategic communication intervention used sensitize potential ddr participant ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication beyond informing stakeholder beneficiary participant detail ddr process beyond mitigating negative impact misinformation disinformation strategic communication used influence decision individual considering leaving armed force group including providing necessary information leave safely ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication transformative objective strategic communication intervention context specific based concrete understanding political aspect conflict grievance member armed force group analysis potential motivation individual join\/leave warring party ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication strategic communication intervention may include message targeting active combatant encourage participation ddr process example story testimonial excombatants positive ddr impact story ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication may also include communication campaign aimed preventing recruitment ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication potential role national authority also assessed analysis possible national authority lead strategic communication ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"\\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n transform attitude community foster ddr strategic communication reintegration and\/or cvr programme often crucial element ddr process see iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction iddrs 4.30 reintegration ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication strategic communication intervention help create condition facilitate peacebuilding social cohesion encourage peaceful return former member armed force group civilian life ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication community homogeneous entity individual within single community may differing attitude towards return former member armed force group ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication example hit hardest conflict may likely negative perception returning combatant ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication others may simply happy reunited family member ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication ddr process may also negatively perceived rewarding combatant ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication necessary strategic communication used mean transform perception community combat stigmatization hate speech marginalization discrimination former member armed force group ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication woman girl often stigmatized receiving community pi\/sc play pivotal role creating supportive environment ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication pi\/sc also utilized promote nonviolent behaviour including engaging men boy ally promoting positive masculine norm see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"5. Objectives of PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A PI\/SC strategy should outline what the DDR process in the specific context consists of through public information activities and contribute to changing attitudes and behaviour through strategic communication interventions. There are four overall objectives of PI\/SC: \\n To inform stakeholders about the DDR process (public information): This includes providing tailored key messages to various stakeholders, such as where to go, when to deposit weapons, who is eligible for DDR and what reintegration options are available. The result is that DDR participants, beneficiaries and other stakeholders are made fully aware of what the DDR process involves. This kind of messaging also serves the purpose of making communities understand how the DDR process will involve them. Most importantly, it serves to manage expectations, clearly defining what falls within and outside the scope of DDR. If the DDR process is made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools or reintegration support, messages should clearly define who is eligible for what. Given that, historically, women and girls have not always received the same information as male combatants, as they may be purposely hidden by male commanders or may have \u2018self-demobilized\u2019, it is essential that PI\/SC strategies take into consideration the specific information channels required to reach them. It is important to note, however, that PI activities cannot compensate for a faulty DDR process, or on their own convince people that it is safe to participate. If combatants are not willing to disarm, for whatever reason, PI alone will not persuade them to do so. In such sitatutions, strategic communications may be used to create the conditions for a successful DDR process. \\n To mitigate the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation (strategic communication): It is important to understand how conflict actors such as armed groups and other stakeholders respond, react to and\/or provide alternative messages that are disseminated in support of the DDR process. In the volatile conflict and post-conflict contexts in which DDR takes place, those who profit(ed) from war or who believe their political objectives have not been met may not wish to see the DDR process succeed. They may have access to radio stations from which they can make broadcasts or may distribute pamphlets and other materials spreading \u2018hate\u2019 or messages that incite violence and undermine the UN and\/or some of the (former) warring parties. These spoilers likely will have access to online platforms, such as blogs and social media, where they can easily reach and influence a large number of people. It is therefore critical that PI\/SC extends beyond merely providing information to the public. A comprehensive PI\/SC strategy shall be designed to identify and address sources of misinformation and disinformation and to develop tailored strategic communication interventions. Implementation should be iterative, whereby messages are deployed to provide alternative narratives for specific misinformation or disinformation that may hamper the implementation of a DDR process. \\n To sensitize members of armed forces and groups to the DDR process (strategic communication): Strategic communication interventions can be used to sensitize potential DDR participants. That is, beyond informing stakeholders, beneficiaries and participants about the details of the DDR process and beyond mitigating the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation, strategic communication can be used to influence the decisions of individuals who are considering leaving their armed force or group including providing the necessary information to leave safely. The transformative objective of strategic communication interventions should be context specific and based on a concrete understanding of the political aspects of the conflict, the grievances of members of armed forces and groups, and an analysis of the potential motivations of individuals to join\/leave warring parties. Strategic communication interventions may include messages targeting active combatants to encourage their participation in the DDR process, for example, stories and testimonials from ex-combatants and other positive DDR impact stories. They may also include communication campaigns aimed at preventing recruitment. The potential role of the national authorities should also be assessed through analysis and where possible, national authorities should lead the strategic communication. \\n To transform attitudes in communities so as to foster DDR (strategic communication): Reintegration and\/or CVR programmes are often crucial elements of DDR processes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Strategic communication interventions can help to create conditions that facilitate peacebuilding and social cohesion and encourage the peaceful return of former members of armed forces and groups to civilian life. Communities are not homogeneous entities, and individuals within a single community may have differing attitudes towards the return of former members of armed forces and groups. For example, those who have been hit hardest by the conflict may be more likely to have negative perceptions of returning combatants. Others may simply be happy to be reunited with family members. The DDR process may also be negatively perceived as rewarding combatants. When necessary, strategic communication can be used as a means to transform the perceptions of communities and to combat stigmatization, hate speech, marginalization and discrimination against former members of armed forces and groups. Women and girls are often stigmatized in receiving communities and PI\/SC can play a pivotal role in creating a more supportive environment for them. PI\/SC should also be utilized to promote non-violent behaviour, including engaging men and boys as allies in promoting positive masculine norms (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":927, "Sentence":"Finally, PI\/SC should also be used to destigmatize the mental health impacts of conflict and raise awareness of psychosocial support services.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication finally pi\/sc also used destigmatize mental health impact conflict raise awareness psychosocial support service ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication designing pi\/sc strategy ddr practitioner take following key factor account n stage ddr process" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"\\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n primary intermediary target audience" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication target audience differ different component ddr process ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"\\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n may eligible participate ddr process" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication eligibility differ different component ddr process ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"\\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n related pi\/sc campaign underway aligned\/deconflicted pi\/sc strategy ddr process" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"\\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n role men woman boy girl group impacted conflict" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"\\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n existing gender stereotype identity pi\/sc strategy support positive change" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"\\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n stigma woman girl associated armed force group" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication stigma mental health issue posttraumatic stress" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"\\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n literacy level men woman intended receive information" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"\\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n behavioural\/attitude change pi\/sc strategy trying bring" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"\\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n change achieved taking account literacy rate presence different medium etc ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"\\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n various network involved dissemination information e.g . interconnection among social network excombatants household membership community tie military reporting line etc ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"Which network members have the greatest influence?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication network member greatest influence" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"\\n Do women and men obtain information by different means?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n woman men obtain information different mean" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"(If so, which channels most effectively reach women?)", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication channel effectively reach woman" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"\\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n language information need delivered also taking account possible foreign combatant" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"\\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n organization involved pi\/sc strategy" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"\\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n pi\/sc strategy monitored" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"\\n What is the prevailing information situation?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n prevailing information situation" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"(What are the information needs?)", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication information need" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"\\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n source disinformation misinformation" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"\\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n key local influencers\/amplifiers" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When designing a PI\/SC strategy, DDR practitioners should take the following key factors into account: \\n At what stage is the DDR process? \\n Who are the primary and intermediary target audiences? Do these target audiences differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Who may not be eligible to participate in the DDR process? Does eligibility differ for different components of the DDR process (DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, reintegration support)? \\n Are other, related PI\/SC campaigns underway, and should these be aligned\/deconflicted with the PI\/SC strategy for the DDR process? \\n What are the roles of men, women, boys and girls, and how have each of these groups been impacted by the conflict? \\n What are the existing gender stereotypes and identities, and how can PI\/SC strategies support positive change? \\n Is there stigma against women and girls associated with armed forces and groups? Is there stigma against mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress? \\n What are the literacy levels of the men and women intended to receive the information? \\n What behavioural\/attitude change is the PI\/SC strategy trying to bring about? \\n How can this change be achieved (taking into account literacy rates, the presence of different media, etc.)? \\n What are the various networks involved in the dissemination of information (e.g., interconnections among social networks of ex-combatants, household membership, community ties, military reporting lines, etc.)? Which network members have the greatest influence? \\n Do women and men obtain information by different means? (If so, which channels most effectively reach women?) \\n In what language does the information need to be delivered (also taking into account possible foreign combatants)? \\n What other organizations are involved, and what are their PI\/SC strategies? \\n How can the PI\/SC strategy be monitored? \\n What is the prevailing information situation? (What are the information needs?) \\n What are the sources of disinformation and misinformation? \\n Who are the key local influencers\/amplifiers? \\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":928, "Sentence":"\\n What dominant media technologies are in use locally and by which population segments\/demographics?", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n dominant medium technology use locally population segments\/demographics" }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.1 Understanding the local context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"To ensure that the DDR PI\/SC strategy fits local needs, DDR practitioners should understand the social, political and cultural context and identify factors that shape attitudes. It will then be possible to define behavioural objectives and design messages to bring about the required social change. Target audience and issue analysis must be adopted to provide a tailored approach to engage with different audiences based on their concerns, issues and attitudes. During the planning stage, the aim should be to collect the following minimum information to aid practitioners in understanding the local context: \\n Conflict analysis, including an understanding of local ethnic, racial and religious divisions at the national and local levels; \\n Gender analysis, including the role of women, men, girls and boys in society, as well as the gendered power structures in society and in armed forces and groups; \\n Media mapping, including the geographic reach, political slant and cost of different media; \\n Social mapping to identify key influencers and communicators in the society and their constituencies (e.g., academics and intelligentsia, politicians, youth leaders, women leaders, religious leaders, village leaders, commanders, celebrities, etc.); \\n Traditional methods of communication; \\n Cultural perceptions of the disabled, the chronically ill, rape survivors, extra-marital childbirth, mental health issues including post-traumatic stress, etc.; \\n Literacy rates; \\n Prevalence of intimate partner violence and sexual and gender-based violence; and \\n Cultural moments and\/or religious holidays that may be used to amplify messages of peace and the benefits of DDR.Partners in the process also need to be identified. Particular emphasis \u2013 especially in the case of information directed at DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities \u2013 should be placed on selecting local theatre troops and animators who can explain concepts such as DDR, reconciliation and acceptance using figurative language. Others who command the respect of communities, such as traditional village leaders, should also be brought into PI\/SC efforts and may be asked to distribute DDR messages. DDR practitioners should ensure that partners are able and willing to speak to all DDR participants and beneficiaries and also to all community members, including women and children.Two additional context determinants may fundamentally alter the design and delivery of the PI\/SC intervention: \\n The attitudes of community members towards ex-combatants, women and men formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and youth at risk; and \\n The presence of hate speech and\/or xenophobic discourse.In this regard, DDR practitioners shall have a full understanding of how the open communication and publicity surrounding a DDR process may negatively impact the safety and security of participants, as well as DDR practitioners themselves. To this end, DDR practitioners should continuously assess and determine measures that need to be taken to adjust information related to the DDR process. These measures may include: \\n Removing and\/or amending specific designation of sensitive information related to the DDR process, including but not limited to the location of reception centres, the location of disarmament and demobilization sites, details related to the benefits provided to former members of armed forces and groups, and so forth; and \\n Ensuring the protection of the privacy, and rights thereof, of former members of armed forces and groups related to their identity, ensuring at all times that permission is obtained should any identifiable details be used in communication material (such as photo stories, testimonials or ex- combatant profiles).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":929, "Sentence":"To ensure that the DDR PI\/SC strategy fits local needs, DDR practitioners should understand the social, political and cultural context and identify factors that shape attitudes.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication ensure ddr pi\/sc strategy fit local need ddr practitioner understand social political cultural context identify factor shape attitude ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.1 Understanding the local context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"To ensure that the DDR PI\/SC strategy fits local needs, DDR practitioners should understand the social, political and cultural context and identify factors that shape attitudes. It will then be possible to define behavioural objectives and design messages to bring about the required social change. Target audience and issue analysis must be adopted to provide a tailored approach to engage with different audiences based on their concerns, issues and attitudes. During the planning stage, the aim should be to collect the following minimum information to aid practitioners in understanding the local context: \\n Conflict analysis, including an understanding of local ethnic, racial and religious divisions at the national and local levels; \\n Gender analysis, including the role of women, men, girls and boys in society, as well as the gendered power structures in society and in armed forces and groups; \\n Media mapping, including the geographic reach, political slant and cost of different media; \\n Social mapping to identify key influencers and communicators in the society and their constituencies (e.g., academics and intelligentsia, politicians, youth leaders, women leaders, religious leaders, village leaders, commanders, celebrities, etc.); \\n Traditional methods of communication; \\n Cultural perceptions of the disabled, the chronically ill, rape survivors, extra-marital childbirth, mental health issues including post-traumatic stress, etc.; \\n Literacy rates; \\n Prevalence of intimate partner violence and sexual and gender-based violence; and \\n Cultural moments and\/or religious holidays that may be used to amplify messages of peace and the benefits of DDR.Partners in the process also need to be identified. Particular emphasis \u2013 especially in the case of information directed at DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities \u2013 should be placed on selecting local theatre troops and animators who can explain concepts such as DDR, reconciliation and acceptance using figurative language. Others who command the respect of communities, such as traditional village leaders, should also be brought into PI\/SC efforts and may be asked to distribute DDR messages. DDR practitioners should ensure that partners are able and willing to speak to all DDR participants and beneficiaries and also to all community members, including women and children.Two additional context determinants may fundamentally alter the design and delivery of the PI\/SC intervention: \\n The attitudes of community members towards ex-combatants, women and men formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and youth at risk; and \\n The presence of hate speech and\/or xenophobic discourse.In this regard, DDR practitioners shall have a full understanding of how the open communication and publicity surrounding a DDR process may negatively impact the safety and security of participants, as well as DDR practitioners themselves. To this end, DDR practitioners should continuously assess and determine measures that need to be taken to adjust information related to the DDR process. These measures may include: \\n Removing and\/or amending specific designation of sensitive information related to the DDR process, including but not limited to the location of reception centres, the location of disarmament and demobilization sites, details related to the benefits provided to former members of armed forces and groups, and so forth; and \\n Ensuring the protection of the privacy, and rights thereof, of former members of armed forces and groups related to their identity, ensuring at all times that permission is obtained should any identifiable details be used in communication material (such as photo stories, testimonials or ex- combatant profiles).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":929, "Sentence":"It will then be possible to define behavioural objectives and design messages to bring about the required social change.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication possible define behavioural objective design message bring required social change ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.1 Understanding the local context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"To ensure that the DDR PI\/SC strategy fits local needs, DDR practitioners should understand the social, political and cultural context and identify factors that shape attitudes. It will then be possible to define behavioural objectives and design messages to bring about the required social change. Target audience and issue analysis must be adopted to provide a tailored approach to engage with different audiences based on their concerns, issues and attitudes. During the planning stage, the aim should be to collect the following minimum information to aid practitioners in understanding the local context: \\n Conflict analysis, including an understanding of local ethnic, racial and religious divisions at the national and local levels; \\n Gender analysis, including the role of women, men, girls and boys in society, as well as the gendered power structures in society and in armed forces and groups; \\n Media mapping, including the geographic reach, political slant and cost of different media; \\n Social mapping to identify key influencers and communicators in the society and their constituencies (e.g., academics and intelligentsia, politicians, youth leaders, women leaders, religious leaders, village leaders, commanders, celebrities, etc.); \\n Traditional methods of communication; \\n Cultural perceptions of the disabled, the chronically ill, rape survivors, extra-marital childbirth, mental health issues including post-traumatic stress, etc.; \\n Literacy rates; \\n Prevalence of intimate partner violence and sexual and gender-based violence; and \\n Cultural moments and\/or religious holidays that may be used to amplify messages of peace and the benefits of DDR.Partners in the process also need to be identified. Particular emphasis \u2013 especially in the case of information directed at DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities \u2013 should be placed on selecting local theatre troops and animators who can explain concepts such as DDR, reconciliation and acceptance using figurative language. Others who command the respect of communities, such as traditional village leaders, should also be brought into PI\/SC efforts and may be asked to distribute DDR messages. DDR practitioners should ensure that partners are able and willing to speak to all DDR participants and beneficiaries and also to all community members, including women and children.Two additional context determinants may fundamentally alter the design and delivery of the PI\/SC intervention: \\n The attitudes of community members towards ex-combatants, women and men formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and youth at risk; and \\n The presence of hate speech and\/or xenophobic discourse.In this regard, DDR practitioners shall have a full understanding of how the open communication and publicity surrounding a DDR process may negatively impact the safety and security of participants, as well as DDR practitioners themselves. To this end, DDR practitioners should continuously assess and determine measures that need to be taken to adjust information related to the DDR process. These measures may include: \\n Removing and\/or amending specific designation of sensitive information related to the DDR process, including but not limited to the location of reception centres, the location of disarmament and demobilization sites, details related to the benefits provided to former members of armed forces and groups, and so forth; and \\n Ensuring the protection of the privacy, and rights thereof, of former members of armed forces and groups related to their identity, ensuring at all times that permission is obtained should any identifiable details be used in communication material (such as photo stories, testimonials or ex- combatant profiles).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":929, "Sentence":"Target audience and issue analysis must be adopted to provide a tailored approach to engage with different audiences based on their concerns, issues and attitudes.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication target audience issue analysis must adopted provide tailored approach engage different audience based concern issue attitude ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.1 Understanding the local context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"To ensure that the DDR PI\/SC strategy fits local needs, DDR practitioners should understand the social, political and cultural context and identify factors that shape attitudes. It will then be possible to define behavioural objectives and design messages to bring about the required social change. Target audience and issue analysis must be adopted to provide a tailored approach to engage with different audiences based on their concerns, issues and attitudes. During the planning stage, the aim should be to collect the following minimum information to aid practitioners in understanding the local context: \\n Conflict analysis, including an understanding of local ethnic, racial and religious divisions at the national and local levels; \\n Gender analysis, including the role of women, men, girls and boys in society, as well as the gendered power structures in society and in armed forces and groups; \\n Media mapping, including the geographic reach, political slant and cost of different media; \\n Social mapping to identify key influencers and communicators in the society and their constituencies (e.g., academics and intelligentsia, politicians, youth leaders, women leaders, religious leaders, village leaders, commanders, celebrities, etc.); \\n Traditional methods of communication; \\n Cultural perceptions of the disabled, the chronically ill, rape survivors, extra-marital childbirth, mental health issues including post-traumatic stress, etc.; \\n Literacy rates; \\n Prevalence of intimate partner violence and sexual and gender-based violence; and \\n Cultural moments and\/or religious holidays that may be used to amplify messages of peace and the benefits of DDR.Partners in the process also need to be identified. Particular emphasis \u2013 especially in the case of information directed at DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities \u2013 should be placed on selecting local theatre troops and animators who can explain concepts such as DDR, reconciliation and acceptance using figurative language. Others who command the respect of communities, such as traditional village leaders, should also be brought into PI\/SC efforts and may be asked to distribute DDR messages. DDR practitioners should ensure that partners are able and willing to speak to all DDR participants and beneficiaries and also to all community members, including women and children.Two additional context determinants may fundamentally alter the design and delivery of the PI\/SC intervention: \\n The attitudes of community members towards ex-combatants, women and men formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and youth at risk; and \\n The presence of hate speech and\/or xenophobic discourse.In this regard, DDR practitioners shall have a full understanding of how the open communication and publicity surrounding a DDR process may negatively impact the safety and security of participants, as well as DDR practitioners themselves. To this end, DDR practitioners should continuously assess and determine measures that need to be taken to adjust information related to the DDR process. These measures may include: \\n Removing and\/or amending specific designation of sensitive information related to the DDR process, including but not limited to the location of reception centres, the location of disarmament and demobilization sites, details related to the benefits provided to former members of armed forces and groups, and so forth; and \\n Ensuring the protection of the privacy, and rights thereof, of former members of armed forces and groups related to their identity, ensuring at all times that permission is obtained should any identifiable details be used in communication material (such as photo stories, testimonials or ex- combatant profiles).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":929, "Sentence":"During the planning stage, the aim should be to collect the following minimum information to aid practitioners in understanding the local context: \\n Conflict analysis, including an understanding of local ethnic, racial and religious divisions at the national and local levels; \\n Gender analysis, including the role of women, men, girls and boys in society, as well as the gendered power structures in society and in armed forces and groups; \\n Media mapping, including the geographic reach, political slant and cost of different media; \\n Social mapping to identify key influencers and communicators in the society and their constituencies (e.g., academics and intelligentsia, politicians, youth leaders, women leaders, religious leaders, village leaders, commanders, celebrities, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication planning stage aim collect following minimum information aid practitioner understanding local context n conflict analysis including understanding local ethnic racial religious division national local level n gender analysis including role woman men girl boy society well gendered power structure society armed force group n medium mapping including geographic reach political slant cost different medium n social mapping identify key influencers communicator society constituency e.g . academic intelligentsia politician youth leader woman leader religious leader village leader commander celebrity etc ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.1 Understanding the local context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"To ensure that the DDR PI\/SC strategy fits local needs, DDR practitioners should understand the social, political and cultural context and identify factors that shape attitudes. It will then be possible to define behavioural objectives and design messages to bring about the required social change. Target audience and issue analysis must be adopted to provide a tailored approach to engage with different audiences based on their concerns, issues and attitudes. During the planning stage, the aim should be to collect the following minimum information to aid practitioners in understanding the local context: \\n Conflict analysis, including an understanding of local ethnic, racial and religious divisions at the national and local levels; \\n Gender analysis, including the role of women, men, girls and boys in society, as well as the gendered power structures in society and in armed forces and groups; \\n Media mapping, including the geographic reach, political slant and cost of different media; \\n Social mapping to identify key influencers and communicators in the society and their constituencies (e.g., academics and intelligentsia, politicians, youth leaders, women leaders, religious leaders, village leaders, commanders, celebrities, etc.); \\n Traditional methods of communication; \\n Cultural perceptions of the disabled, the chronically ill, rape survivors, extra-marital childbirth, mental health issues including post-traumatic stress, etc.; \\n Literacy rates; \\n Prevalence of intimate partner violence and sexual and gender-based violence; and \\n Cultural moments and\/or religious holidays that may be used to amplify messages of peace and the benefits of DDR.Partners in the process also need to be identified. Particular emphasis \u2013 especially in the case of information directed at DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities \u2013 should be placed on selecting local theatre troops and animators who can explain concepts such as DDR, reconciliation and acceptance using figurative language. Others who command the respect of communities, such as traditional village leaders, should also be brought into PI\/SC efforts and may be asked to distribute DDR messages. DDR practitioners should ensure that partners are able and willing to speak to all DDR participants and beneficiaries and also to all community members, including women and children.Two additional context determinants may fundamentally alter the design and delivery of the PI\/SC intervention: \\n The attitudes of community members towards ex-combatants, women and men formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and youth at risk; and \\n The presence of hate speech and\/or xenophobic discourse.In this regard, DDR practitioners shall have a full understanding of how the open communication and publicity surrounding a DDR process may negatively impact the safety and security of participants, as well as DDR practitioners themselves. To this end, DDR practitioners should continuously assess and determine measures that need to be taken to adjust information related to the DDR process. These measures may include: \\n Removing and\/or amending specific designation of sensitive information related to the DDR process, including but not limited to the location of reception centres, the location of disarmament and demobilization sites, details related to the benefits provided to former members of armed forces and groups, and so forth; and \\n Ensuring the protection of the privacy, and rights thereof, of former members of armed forces and groups related to their identity, ensuring at all times that permission is obtained should any identifiable details be used in communication material (such as photo stories, testimonials or ex- combatant profiles).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":929, "Sentence":"); \\n Traditional methods of communication; \\n Cultural perceptions of the disabled, the chronically ill, rape survivors, extra-marital childbirth, mental health issues including post-traumatic stress, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n traditional method communication n cultural perception disabled chronically ill rape survivor extramarital childbirth mental health issue including posttraumatic stress etc ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.1 Understanding the local context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"To ensure that the DDR PI\/SC strategy fits local needs, DDR practitioners should understand the social, political and cultural context and identify factors that shape attitudes. It will then be possible to define behavioural objectives and design messages to bring about the required social change. Target audience and issue analysis must be adopted to provide a tailored approach to engage with different audiences based on their concerns, issues and attitudes. During the planning stage, the aim should be to collect the following minimum information to aid practitioners in understanding the local context: \\n Conflict analysis, including an understanding of local ethnic, racial and religious divisions at the national and local levels; \\n Gender analysis, including the role of women, men, girls and boys in society, as well as the gendered power structures in society and in armed forces and groups; \\n Media mapping, including the geographic reach, political slant and cost of different media; \\n Social mapping to identify key influencers and communicators in the society and their constituencies (e.g., academics and intelligentsia, politicians, youth leaders, women leaders, religious leaders, village leaders, commanders, celebrities, etc.); \\n Traditional methods of communication; \\n Cultural perceptions of the disabled, the chronically ill, rape survivors, extra-marital childbirth, mental health issues including post-traumatic stress, etc.; \\n Literacy rates; \\n Prevalence of intimate partner violence and sexual and gender-based violence; and \\n Cultural moments and\/or religious holidays that may be used to amplify messages of peace and the benefits of DDR.Partners in the process also need to be identified. Particular emphasis \u2013 especially in the case of information directed at DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities \u2013 should be placed on selecting local theatre troops and animators who can explain concepts such as DDR, reconciliation and acceptance using figurative language. Others who command the respect of communities, such as traditional village leaders, should also be brought into PI\/SC efforts and may be asked to distribute DDR messages. DDR practitioners should ensure that partners are able and willing to speak to all DDR participants and beneficiaries and also to all community members, including women and children.Two additional context determinants may fundamentally alter the design and delivery of the PI\/SC intervention: \\n The attitudes of community members towards ex-combatants, women and men formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and youth at risk; and \\n The presence of hate speech and\/or xenophobic discourse.In this regard, DDR practitioners shall have a full understanding of how the open communication and publicity surrounding a DDR process may negatively impact the safety and security of participants, as well as DDR practitioners themselves. To this end, DDR practitioners should continuously assess and determine measures that need to be taken to adjust information related to the DDR process. These measures may include: \\n Removing and\/or amending specific designation of sensitive information related to the DDR process, including but not limited to the location of reception centres, the location of disarmament and demobilization sites, details related to the benefits provided to former members of armed forces and groups, and so forth; and \\n Ensuring the protection of the privacy, and rights thereof, of former members of armed forces and groups related to their identity, ensuring at all times that permission is obtained should any identifiable details be used in communication material (such as photo stories, testimonials or ex- combatant profiles).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":929, "Sentence":"; \\n Literacy rates; \\n Prevalence of intimate partner violence and sexual and gender-based violence; and \\n Cultural moments and\/or religious holidays that may be used to amplify messages of peace and the benefits of DDR.Partners in the process also need to be identified.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n literacy rate n prevalence intimate partner violence sexual genderbased violence n cultural moment and\/or religious holiday may used amplify message peace benefit ddr.partners process also need identified ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.1 Understanding the local context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"To ensure that the DDR PI\/SC strategy fits local needs, DDR practitioners should understand the social, political and cultural context and identify factors that shape attitudes. It will then be possible to define behavioural objectives and design messages to bring about the required social change. Target audience and issue analysis must be adopted to provide a tailored approach to engage with different audiences based on their concerns, issues and attitudes. During the planning stage, the aim should be to collect the following minimum information to aid practitioners in understanding the local context: \\n Conflict analysis, including an understanding of local ethnic, racial and religious divisions at the national and local levels; \\n Gender analysis, including the role of women, men, girls and boys in society, as well as the gendered power structures in society and in armed forces and groups; \\n Media mapping, including the geographic reach, political slant and cost of different media; \\n Social mapping to identify key influencers and communicators in the society and their constituencies (e.g., academics and intelligentsia, politicians, youth leaders, women leaders, religious leaders, village leaders, commanders, celebrities, etc.); \\n Traditional methods of communication; \\n Cultural perceptions of the disabled, the chronically ill, rape survivors, extra-marital childbirth, mental health issues including post-traumatic stress, etc.; \\n Literacy rates; \\n Prevalence of intimate partner violence and sexual and gender-based violence; and \\n Cultural moments and\/or religious holidays that may be used to amplify messages of peace and the benefits of DDR.Partners in the process also need to be identified. Particular emphasis \u2013 especially in the case of information directed at DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities \u2013 should be placed on selecting local theatre troops and animators who can explain concepts such as DDR, reconciliation and acceptance using figurative language. Others who command the respect of communities, such as traditional village leaders, should also be brought into PI\/SC efforts and may be asked to distribute DDR messages. DDR practitioners should ensure that partners are able and willing to speak to all DDR participants and beneficiaries and also to all community members, including women and children.Two additional context determinants may fundamentally alter the design and delivery of the PI\/SC intervention: \\n The attitudes of community members towards ex-combatants, women and men formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and youth at risk; and \\n The presence of hate speech and\/or xenophobic discourse.In this regard, DDR practitioners shall have a full understanding of how the open communication and publicity surrounding a DDR process may negatively impact the safety and security of participants, as well as DDR practitioners themselves. To this end, DDR practitioners should continuously assess and determine measures that need to be taken to adjust information related to the DDR process. These measures may include: \\n Removing and\/or amending specific designation of sensitive information related to the DDR process, including but not limited to the location of reception centres, the location of disarmament and demobilization sites, details related to the benefits provided to former members of armed forces and groups, and so forth; and \\n Ensuring the protection of the privacy, and rights thereof, of former members of armed forces and groups related to their identity, ensuring at all times that permission is obtained should any identifiable details be used in communication material (such as photo stories, testimonials or ex- combatant profiles).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":929, "Sentence":"Particular emphasis \u2013 especially in the case of information directed at DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities \u2013 should be placed on selecting local theatre troops and animators who can explain concepts such as DDR, reconciliation and acceptance using figurative language.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication particular emphasis \u2013 especially case information directed ddr participant beneficiary community \u2013 placed selecting local theatre troop animator explain concept ddr reconciliation acceptance using figurative language ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.1 Understanding the local context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"To ensure that the DDR PI\/SC strategy fits local needs, DDR practitioners should understand the social, political and cultural context and identify factors that shape attitudes. It will then be possible to define behavioural objectives and design messages to bring about the required social change. Target audience and issue analysis must be adopted to provide a tailored approach to engage with different audiences based on their concerns, issues and attitudes. During the planning stage, the aim should be to collect the following minimum information to aid practitioners in understanding the local context: \\n Conflict analysis, including an understanding of local ethnic, racial and religious divisions at the national and local levels; \\n Gender analysis, including the role of women, men, girls and boys in society, as well as the gendered power structures in society and in armed forces and groups; \\n Media mapping, including the geographic reach, political slant and cost of different media; \\n Social mapping to identify key influencers and communicators in the society and their constituencies (e.g., academics and intelligentsia, politicians, youth leaders, women leaders, religious leaders, village leaders, commanders, celebrities, etc.); \\n Traditional methods of communication; \\n Cultural perceptions of the disabled, the chronically ill, rape survivors, extra-marital childbirth, mental health issues including post-traumatic stress, etc.; \\n Literacy rates; \\n Prevalence of intimate partner violence and sexual and gender-based violence; and \\n Cultural moments and\/or religious holidays that may be used to amplify messages of peace and the benefits of DDR.Partners in the process also need to be identified. Particular emphasis \u2013 especially in the case of information directed at DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities \u2013 should be placed on selecting local theatre troops and animators who can explain concepts such as DDR, reconciliation and acceptance using figurative language. Others who command the respect of communities, such as traditional village leaders, should also be brought into PI\/SC efforts and may be asked to distribute DDR messages. DDR practitioners should ensure that partners are able and willing to speak to all DDR participants and beneficiaries and also to all community members, including women and children.Two additional context determinants may fundamentally alter the design and delivery of the PI\/SC intervention: \\n The attitudes of community members towards ex-combatants, women and men formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and youth at risk; and \\n The presence of hate speech and\/or xenophobic discourse.In this regard, DDR practitioners shall have a full understanding of how the open communication and publicity surrounding a DDR process may negatively impact the safety and security of participants, as well as DDR practitioners themselves. To this end, DDR practitioners should continuously assess and determine measures that need to be taken to adjust information related to the DDR process. These measures may include: \\n Removing and\/or amending specific designation of sensitive information related to the DDR process, including but not limited to the location of reception centres, the location of disarmament and demobilization sites, details related to the benefits provided to former members of armed forces and groups, and so forth; and \\n Ensuring the protection of the privacy, and rights thereof, of former members of armed forces and groups related to their identity, ensuring at all times that permission is obtained should any identifiable details be used in communication material (such as photo stories, testimonials or ex- combatant profiles).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":929, "Sentence":"Others who command the respect of communities, such as traditional village leaders, should also be brought into PI\/SC efforts and may be asked to distribute DDR messages.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication others command respect community traditional village leader also brought pi\/sc effort may asked distribute ddr message ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.1 Understanding the local context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"To ensure that the DDR PI\/SC strategy fits local needs, DDR practitioners should understand the social, political and cultural context and identify factors that shape attitudes. It will then be possible to define behavioural objectives and design messages to bring about the required social change. Target audience and issue analysis must be adopted to provide a tailored approach to engage with different audiences based on their concerns, issues and attitudes. During the planning stage, the aim should be to collect the following minimum information to aid practitioners in understanding the local context: \\n Conflict analysis, including an understanding of local ethnic, racial and religious divisions at the national and local levels; \\n Gender analysis, including the role of women, men, girls and boys in society, as well as the gendered power structures in society and in armed forces and groups; \\n Media mapping, including the geographic reach, political slant and cost of different media; \\n Social mapping to identify key influencers and communicators in the society and their constituencies (e.g., academics and intelligentsia, politicians, youth leaders, women leaders, religious leaders, village leaders, commanders, celebrities, etc.); \\n Traditional methods of communication; \\n Cultural perceptions of the disabled, the chronically ill, rape survivors, extra-marital childbirth, mental health issues including post-traumatic stress, etc.; \\n Literacy rates; \\n Prevalence of intimate partner violence and sexual and gender-based violence; and \\n Cultural moments and\/or religious holidays that may be used to amplify messages of peace and the benefits of DDR.Partners in the process also need to be identified. Particular emphasis \u2013 especially in the case of information directed at DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities \u2013 should be placed on selecting local theatre troops and animators who can explain concepts such as DDR, reconciliation and acceptance using figurative language. Others who command the respect of communities, such as traditional village leaders, should also be brought into PI\/SC efforts and may be asked to distribute DDR messages. DDR practitioners should ensure that partners are able and willing to speak to all DDR participants and beneficiaries and also to all community members, including women and children.Two additional context determinants may fundamentally alter the design and delivery of the PI\/SC intervention: \\n The attitudes of community members towards ex-combatants, women and men formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and youth at risk; and \\n The presence of hate speech and\/or xenophobic discourse.In this regard, DDR practitioners shall have a full understanding of how the open communication and publicity surrounding a DDR process may negatively impact the safety and security of participants, as well as DDR practitioners themselves. To this end, DDR practitioners should continuously assess and determine measures that need to be taken to adjust information related to the DDR process. These measures may include: \\n Removing and\/or amending specific designation of sensitive information related to the DDR process, including but not limited to the location of reception centres, the location of disarmament and demobilization sites, details related to the benefits provided to former members of armed forces and groups, and so forth; and \\n Ensuring the protection of the privacy, and rights thereof, of former members of armed forces and groups related to their identity, ensuring at all times that permission is obtained should any identifiable details be used in communication material (such as photo stories, testimonials or ex- combatant profiles).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":929, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should ensure that partners are able and willing to speak to all DDR participants and beneficiaries and also to all community members, including women and children.Two additional context determinants may fundamentally alter the design and delivery of the PI\/SC intervention: \\n The attitudes of community members towards ex-combatants, women and men formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and youth at risk; and \\n The presence of hate speech and\/or xenophobic discourse.In this regard, DDR practitioners shall have a full understanding of how the open communication and publicity surrounding a DDR process may negatively impact the safety and security of participants, as well as DDR practitioners themselves.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication ddr practitioner ensure partner able willing speak ddr participant beneficiary also community member including woman children.two additional context determinant may fundamentally alter design delivery pi\/sc intervention n attitude community member towards excombatants woman men formerly associated armed force group youth risk n presence hate speech and\/or xenophobic discourse.in regard ddr practitioner shall full understanding open communication publicity surrounding ddr process may negatively impact safety security participant well ddr practitioner ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.1 Understanding the local context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"To ensure that the DDR PI\/SC strategy fits local needs, DDR practitioners should understand the social, political and cultural context and identify factors that shape attitudes. It will then be possible to define behavioural objectives and design messages to bring about the required social change. Target audience and issue analysis must be adopted to provide a tailored approach to engage with different audiences based on their concerns, issues and attitudes. During the planning stage, the aim should be to collect the following minimum information to aid practitioners in understanding the local context: \\n Conflict analysis, including an understanding of local ethnic, racial and religious divisions at the national and local levels; \\n Gender analysis, including the role of women, men, girls and boys in society, as well as the gendered power structures in society and in armed forces and groups; \\n Media mapping, including the geographic reach, political slant and cost of different media; \\n Social mapping to identify key influencers and communicators in the society and their constituencies (e.g., academics and intelligentsia, politicians, youth leaders, women leaders, religious leaders, village leaders, commanders, celebrities, etc.); \\n Traditional methods of communication; \\n Cultural perceptions of the disabled, the chronically ill, rape survivors, extra-marital childbirth, mental health issues including post-traumatic stress, etc.; \\n Literacy rates; \\n Prevalence of intimate partner violence and sexual and gender-based violence; and \\n Cultural moments and\/or religious holidays that may be used to amplify messages of peace and the benefits of DDR.Partners in the process also need to be identified. Particular emphasis \u2013 especially in the case of information directed at DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities \u2013 should be placed on selecting local theatre troops and animators who can explain concepts such as DDR, reconciliation and acceptance using figurative language. Others who command the respect of communities, such as traditional village leaders, should also be brought into PI\/SC efforts and may be asked to distribute DDR messages. DDR practitioners should ensure that partners are able and willing to speak to all DDR participants and beneficiaries and also to all community members, including women and children.Two additional context determinants may fundamentally alter the design and delivery of the PI\/SC intervention: \\n The attitudes of community members towards ex-combatants, women and men formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and youth at risk; and \\n The presence of hate speech and\/or xenophobic discourse.In this regard, DDR practitioners shall have a full understanding of how the open communication and publicity surrounding a DDR process may negatively impact the safety and security of participants, as well as DDR practitioners themselves. To this end, DDR practitioners should continuously assess and determine measures that need to be taken to adjust information related to the DDR process. These measures may include: \\n Removing and\/or amending specific designation of sensitive information related to the DDR process, including but not limited to the location of reception centres, the location of disarmament and demobilization sites, details related to the benefits provided to former members of armed forces and groups, and so forth; and \\n Ensuring the protection of the privacy, and rights thereof, of former members of armed forces and groups related to their identity, ensuring at all times that permission is obtained should any identifiable details be used in communication material (such as photo stories, testimonials or ex- combatant profiles).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":929, "Sentence":"To this end, DDR practitioners should continuously assess and determine measures that need to be taken to adjust information related to the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication end ddr practitioner continuously ass determine measure need taken adjust information related ddr process ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.1 Understanding the local context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"To ensure that the DDR PI\/SC strategy fits local needs, DDR practitioners should understand the social, political and cultural context and identify factors that shape attitudes. It will then be possible to define behavioural objectives and design messages to bring about the required social change. Target audience and issue analysis must be adopted to provide a tailored approach to engage with different audiences based on their concerns, issues and attitudes. During the planning stage, the aim should be to collect the following minimum information to aid practitioners in understanding the local context: \\n Conflict analysis, including an understanding of local ethnic, racial and religious divisions at the national and local levels; \\n Gender analysis, including the role of women, men, girls and boys in society, as well as the gendered power structures in society and in armed forces and groups; \\n Media mapping, including the geographic reach, political slant and cost of different media; \\n Social mapping to identify key influencers and communicators in the society and their constituencies (e.g., academics and intelligentsia, politicians, youth leaders, women leaders, religious leaders, village leaders, commanders, celebrities, etc.); \\n Traditional methods of communication; \\n Cultural perceptions of the disabled, the chronically ill, rape survivors, extra-marital childbirth, mental health issues including post-traumatic stress, etc.; \\n Literacy rates; \\n Prevalence of intimate partner violence and sexual and gender-based violence; and \\n Cultural moments and\/or religious holidays that may be used to amplify messages of peace and the benefits of DDR.Partners in the process also need to be identified. Particular emphasis \u2013 especially in the case of information directed at DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities \u2013 should be placed on selecting local theatre troops and animators who can explain concepts such as DDR, reconciliation and acceptance using figurative language. Others who command the respect of communities, such as traditional village leaders, should also be brought into PI\/SC efforts and may be asked to distribute DDR messages. DDR practitioners should ensure that partners are able and willing to speak to all DDR participants and beneficiaries and also to all community members, including women and children.Two additional context determinants may fundamentally alter the design and delivery of the PI\/SC intervention: \\n The attitudes of community members towards ex-combatants, women and men formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and youth at risk; and \\n The presence of hate speech and\/or xenophobic discourse.In this regard, DDR practitioners shall have a full understanding of how the open communication and publicity surrounding a DDR process may negatively impact the safety and security of participants, as well as DDR practitioners themselves. To this end, DDR practitioners should continuously assess and determine measures that need to be taken to adjust information related to the DDR process. These measures may include: \\n Removing and\/or amending specific designation of sensitive information related to the DDR process, including but not limited to the location of reception centres, the location of disarmament and demobilization sites, details related to the benefits provided to former members of armed forces and groups, and so forth; and \\n Ensuring the protection of the privacy, and rights thereof, of former members of armed forces and groups related to their identity, ensuring at all times that permission is obtained should any identifiable details be used in communication material (such as photo stories, testimonials or ex- combatant profiles).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":929, "Sentence":"These measures may include: \\n Removing and\/or amending specific designation of sensitive information related to the DDR process, including but not limited to the location of reception centres, the location of disarmament and demobilization sites, details related to the benefits provided to former members of armed forces and groups, and so forth; and \\n Ensuring the protection of the privacy, and rights thereof, of former members of armed forces and groups related to their identity, ensuring at all times that permission is obtained should any identifiable details be used in communication material (such as photo stories, testimonials or ex- combatant profiles).", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication measure may include n removing and\/or amending specific designation sensitive information related ddr process including limited location reception centre location disarmament demobilization site detail related benefit provided former member armed force group forth n ensuring protection privacy right thereof former member armed force group related identity ensuring time permission obtained identifiable detail used communication material photo story testimonial ex combatant profile ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.2 Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"It is very important to pay attention to the language used in reference to DDR. This includes messaging about the process of disarmament and the \u2018surrender\u2019 of weapons, as well as the terms and expressions used to speak about and to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. It is necessary to acknowledge that they are not naturally violent; that they might have left a lot behind in terms of social standing, respect and income in their armed group; and that therefore their return to civilian life may come with great economic and social sacrifices. The self-perception of former members of armed forces and groups (e.g., as revolutionaries or liberty fighters) also needs be understood, taken into consideration and, in some cases, positively reinforced to ensure their buy-in to the DDR process. Taking these sensitives into account may sometimes include the need to reprofile the language used by Government and local or even international media. It is of vital importance, especially when it comes to the prospect of reintegration, that the discourse used to talk about ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is not pejorative and does not reinforce existing stereotypes or community fears.Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups is also important in contexts where transitional justice measures are underway. The strategic communication and public information elements of supporting transitional justice as part of a DDR process (including, truth telling, criminal prosecutions and other accountability measures, reparations, and guarantees of non- recurrence) should be carefully planned (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). PI\/SC campaigns should be designed to complement transitional justice interventions, and to manage the expectations of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities. When transitional justice measures are visibly and publically integrated into DDR processes, this may help to ensure that grievances are addressed and demonstrate that these grievances were heard and taken into account. The visibility of these measures, in turn, contribute to improving the the prospects of social cohesion and receptibility between ex-combatants and communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":930, "Sentence":"It is very important to pay attention to the language used in reference to DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication important pay attention language used reference ddr ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.2 Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"It is very important to pay attention to the language used in reference to DDR. This includes messaging about the process of disarmament and the \u2018surrender\u2019 of weapons, as well as the terms and expressions used to speak about and to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. It is necessary to acknowledge that they are not naturally violent; that they might have left a lot behind in terms of social standing, respect and income in their armed group; and that therefore their return to civilian life may come with great economic and social sacrifices. The self-perception of former members of armed forces and groups (e.g., as revolutionaries or liberty fighters) also needs be understood, taken into consideration and, in some cases, positively reinforced to ensure their buy-in to the DDR process. Taking these sensitives into account may sometimes include the need to reprofile the language used by Government and local or even international media. It is of vital importance, especially when it comes to the prospect of reintegration, that the discourse used to talk about ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is not pejorative and does not reinforce existing stereotypes or community fears.Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups is also important in contexts where transitional justice measures are underway. The strategic communication and public information elements of supporting transitional justice as part of a DDR process (including, truth telling, criminal prosecutions and other accountability measures, reparations, and guarantees of non- recurrence) should be carefully planned (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). PI\/SC campaigns should be designed to complement transitional justice interventions, and to manage the expectations of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities. When transitional justice measures are visibly and publically integrated into DDR processes, this may help to ensure that grievances are addressed and demonstrate that these grievances were heard and taken into account. The visibility of these measures, in turn, contribute to improving the the prospects of social cohesion and receptibility between ex-combatants and communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":930, "Sentence":"This includes messaging about the process of disarmament and the \u2018surrender\u2019 of weapons, as well as the terms and expressions used to speak about and to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication includes messaging process disarmament \u2018 surrender \u2019 weapon well term expression used speak excombatants person formerly associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.2 Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"It is very important to pay attention to the language used in reference to DDR. This includes messaging about the process of disarmament and the \u2018surrender\u2019 of weapons, as well as the terms and expressions used to speak about and to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. It is necessary to acknowledge that they are not naturally violent; that they might have left a lot behind in terms of social standing, respect and income in their armed group; and that therefore their return to civilian life may come with great economic and social sacrifices. The self-perception of former members of armed forces and groups (e.g., as revolutionaries or liberty fighters) also needs be understood, taken into consideration and, in some cases, positively reinforced to ensure their buy-in to the DDR process. Taking these sensitives into account may sometimes include the need to reprofile the language used by Government and local or even international media. It is of vital importance, especially when it comes to the prospect of reintegration, that the discourse used to talk about ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is not pejorative and does not reinforce existing stereotypes or community fears.Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups is also important in contexts where transitional justice measures are underway. The strategic communication and public information elements of supporting transitional justice as part of a DDR process (including, truth telling, criminal prosecutions and other accountability measures, reparations, and guarantees of non- recurrence) should be carefully planned (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). PI\/SC campaigns should be designed to complement transitional justice interventions, and to manage the expectations of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities. When transitional justice measures are visibly and publically integrated into DDR processes, this may help to ensure that grievances are addressed and demonstrate that these grievances were heard and taken into account. The visibility of these measures, in turn, contribute to improving the the prospects of social cohesion and receptibility between ex-combatants and communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":930, "Sentence":"It is necessary to acknowledge that they are not naturally violent; that they might have left a lot behind in terms of social standing, respect and income in their armed group; and that therefore their return to civilian life may come with great economic and social sacrifices.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication necessary acknowledge naturally violent might left lot behind term social standing respect income armed group therefore return civilian life may come great economic social sacrifice ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.2 Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"It is very important to pay attention to the language used in reference to DDR. This includes messaging about the process of disarmament and the \u2018surrender\u2019 of weapons, as well as the terms and expressions used to speak about and to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. It is necessary to acknowledge that they are not naturally violent; that they might have left a lot behind in terms of social standing, respect and income in their armed group; and that therefore their return to civilian life may come with great economic and social sacrifices. The self-perception of former members of armed forces and groups (e.g., as revolutionaries or liberty fighters) also needs be understood, taken into consideration and, in some cases, positively reinforced to ensure their buy-in to the DDR process. Taking these sensitives into account may sometimes include the need to reprofile the language used by Government and local or even international media. It is of vital importance, especially when it comes to the prospect of reintegration, that the discourse used to talk about ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is not pejorative and does not reinforce existing stereotypes or community fears.Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups is also important in contexts where transitional justice measures are underway. The strategic communication and public information elements of supporting transitional justice as part of a DDR process (including, truth telling, criminal prosecutions and other accountability measures, reparations, and guarantees of non- recurrence) should be carefully planned (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). PI\/SC campaigns should be designed to complement transitional justice interventions, and to manage the expectations of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities. When transitional justice measures are visibly and publically integrated into DDR processes, this may help to ensure that grievances are addressed and demonstrate that these grievances were heard and taken into account. The visibility of these measures, in turn, contribute to improving the the prospects of social cohesion and receptibility between ex-combatants and communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":930, "Sentence":"The self-perception of former members of armed forces and groups (e.g., as revolutionaries or liberty fighters) also needs be understood, taken into consideration and, in some cases, positively reinforced to ensure their buy-in to the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication selfperception former member armed force group e.g . revolutionary liberty fighter also need understood taken consideration case positively reinforced ensure buyin ddr process ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.2 Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"It is very important to pay attention to the language used in reference to DDR. This includes messaging about the process of disarmament and the \u2018surrender\u2019 of weapons, as well as the terms and expressions used to speak about and to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. It is necessary to acknowledge that they are not naturally violent; that they might have left a lot behind in terms of social standing, respect and income in their armed group; and that therefore their return to civilian life may come with great economic and social sacrifices. The self-perception of former members of armed forces and groups (e.g., as revolutionaries or liberty fighters) also needs be understood, taken into consideration and, in some cases, positively reinforced to ensure their buy-in to the DDR process. Taking these sensitives into account may sometimes include the need to reprofile the language used by Government and local or even international media. It is of vital importance, especially when it comes to the prospect of reintegration, that the discourse used to talk about ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is not pejorative and does not reinforce existing stereotypes or community fears.Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups is also important in contexts where transitional justice measures are underway. The strategic communication and public information elements of supporting transitional justice as part of a DDR process (including, truth telling, criminal prosecutions and other accountability measures, reparations, and guarantees of non- recurrence) should be carefully planned (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). PI\/SC campaigns should be designed to complement transitional justice interventions, and to manage the expectations of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities. When transitional justice measures are visibly and publically integrated into DDR processes, this may help to ensure that grievances are addressed and demonstrate that these grievances were heard and taken into account. The visibility of these measures, in turn, contribute to improving the the prospects of social cohesion and receptibility between ex-combatants and communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":930, "Sentence":"Taking these sensitives into account may sometimes include the need to reprofile the language used by Government and local or even international media.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication taking sensitive account may sometimes include need reprofile language used government local even international medium ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.2 Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"It is very important to pay attention to the language used in reference to DDR. This includes messaging about the process of disarmament and the \u2018surrender\u2019 of weapons, as well as the terms and expressions used to speak about and to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. It is necessary to acknowledge that they are not naturally violent; that they might have left a lot behind in terms of social standing, respect and income in their armed group; and that therefore their return to civilian life may come with great economic and social sacrifices. The self-perception of former members of armed forces and groups (e.g., as revolutionaries or liberty fighters) also needs be understood, taken into consideration and, in some cases, positively reinforced to ensure their buy-in to the DDR process. Taking these sensitives into account may sometimes include the need to reprofile the language used by Government and local or even international media. It is of vital importance, especially when it comes to the prospect of reintegration, that the discourse used to talk about ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is not pejorative and does not reinforce existing stereotypes or community fears.Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups is also important in contexts where transitional justice measures are underway. The strategic communication and public information elements of supporting transitional justice as part of a DDR process (including, truth telling, criminal prosecutions and other accountability measures, reparations, and guarantees of non- recurrence) should be carefully planned (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). PI\/SC campaigns should be designed to complement transitional justice interventions, and to manage the expectations of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities. When transitional justice measures are visibly and publically integrated into DDR processes, this may help to ensure that grievances are addressed and demonstrate that these grievances were heard and taken into account. The visibility of these measures, in turn, contribute to improving the the prospects of social cohesion and receptibility between ex-combatants and communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":930, "Sentence":"It is of vital importance, especially when it comes to the prospect of reintegration, that the discourse used to talk about ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is not pejorative and does not reinforce existing stereotypes or community fears.Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups is also important in contexts where transitional justice measures are underway.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication vital importance especially come prospect reintegration discourse used talk ex combatant person formerly associated armed force group pejorative reinforce existing stereotype community fears.communicating former member armed force group also important context transitional justice measure underway ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.2 Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"It is very important to pay attention to the language used in reference to DDR. This includes messaging about the process of disarmament and the \u2018surrender\u2019 of weapons, as well as the terms and expressions used to speak about and to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. It is necessary to acknowledge that they are not naturally violent; that they might have left a lot behind in terms of social standing, respect and income in their armed group; and that therefore their return to civilian life may come with great economic and social sacrifices. The self-perception of former members of armed forces and groups (e.g., as revolutionaries or liberty fighters) also needs be understood, taken into consideration and, in some cases, positively reinforced to ensure their buy-in to the DDR process. Taking these sensitives into account may sometimes include the need to reprofile the language used by Government and local or even international media. It is of vital importance, especially when it comes to the prospect of reintegration, that the discourse used to talk about ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is not pejorative and does not reinforce existing stereotypes or community fears.Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups is also important in contexts where transitional justice measures are underway. The strategic communication and public information elements of supporting transitional justice as part of a DDR process (including, truth telling, criminal prosecutions and other accountability measures, reparations, and guarantees of non- recurrence) should be carefully planned (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). PI\/SC campaigns should be designed to complement transitional justice interventions, and to manage the expectations of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities. When transitional justice measures are visibly and publically integrated into DDR processes, this may help to ensure that grievances are addressed and demonstrate that these grievances were heard and taken into account. The visibility of these measures, in turn, contribute to improving the the prospects of social cohesion and receptibility between ex-combatants and communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":930, "Sentence":"The strategic communication and public information elements of supporting transitional justice as part of a DDR process (including, truth telling, criminal prosecutions and other accountability measures, reparations, and guarantees of non- recurrence) should be carefully planned (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication strategic communication public information element supporting transitional justice part ddr process including truth telling criminal prosecution accountability measure reparation guarantee non recurrence carefully planned see iddrs 6.20 ddr transitional justice ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.2 Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"It is very important to pay attention to the language used in reference to DDR. This includes messaging about the process of disarmament and the \u2018surrender\u2019 of weapons, as well as the terms and expressions used to speak about and to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. It is necessary to acknowledge that they are not naturally violent; that they might have left a lot behind in terms of social standing, respect and income in their armed group; and that therefore their return to civilian life may come with great economic and social sacrifices. The self-perception of former members of armed forces and groups (e.g., as revolutionaries or liberty fighters) also needs be understood, taken into consideration and, in some cases, positively reinforced to ensure their buy-in to the DDR process. Taking these sensitives into account may sometimes include the need to reprofile the language used by Government and local or even international media. It is of vital importance, especially when it comes to the prospect of reintegration, that the discourse used to talk about ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is not pejorative and does not reinforce existing stereotypes or community fears.Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups is also important in contexts where transitional justice measures are underway. The strategic communication and public information elements of supporting transitional justice as part of a DDR process (including, truth telling, criminal prosecutions and other accountability measures, reparations, and guarantees of non- recurrence) should be carefully planned (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). PI\/SC campaigns should be designed to complement transitional justice interventions, and to manage the expectations of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities. When transitional justice measures are visibly and publically integrated into DDR processes, this may help to ensure that grievances are addressed and demonstrate that these grievances were heard and taken into account. The visibility of these measures, in turn, contribute to improving the the prospects of social cohesion and receptibility between ex-combatants and communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":930, "Sentence":"PI\/SC campaigns should be designed to complement transitional justice interventions, and to manage the expectations of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication pi\/sc campaign designed complement transitional justice intervention manage expectation ddr participant beneficiary community ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.2 Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"It is very important to pay attention to the language used in reference to DDR. This includes messaging about the process of disarmament and the \u2018surrender\u2019 of weapons, as well as the terms and expressions used to speak about and to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. It is necessary to acknowledge that they are not naturally violent; that they might have left a lot behind in terms of social standing, respect and income in their armed group; and that therefore their return to civilian life may come with great economic and social sacrifices. The self-perception of former members of armed forces and groups (e.g., as revolutionaries or liberty fighters) also needs be understood, taken into consideration and, in some cases, positively reinforced to ensure their buy-in to the DDR process. Taking these sensitives into account may sometimes include the need to reprofile the language used by Government and local or even international media. It is of vital importance, especially when it comes to the prospect of reintegration, that the discourse used to talk about ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is not pejorative and does not reinforce existing stereotypes or community fears.Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups is also important in contexts where transitional justice measures are underway. The strategic communication and public information elements of supporting transitional justice as part of a DDR process (including, truth telling, criminal prosecutions and other accountability measures, reparations, and guarantees of non- recurrence) should be carefully planned (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). PI\/SC campaigns should be designed to complement transitional justice interventions, and to manage the expectations of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities. When transitional justice measures are visibly and publically integrated into DDR processes, this may help to ensure that grievances are addressed and demonstrate that these grievances were heard and taken into account. The visibility of these measures, in turn, contribute to improving the the prospects of social cohesion and receptibility between ex-combatants and communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":930, "Sentence":"When transitional justice measures are visibly and publically integrated into DDR processes, this may help to ensure that grievances are addressed and demonstrate that these grievances were heard and taken into account.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication transitional justice measure visibly publically integrated ddr process may help ensure grievance addressed demonstrate grievance heard taken account ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.2 Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"It is very important to pay attention to the language used in reference to DDR. This includes messaging about the process of disarmament and the \u2018surrender\u2019 of weapons, as well as the terms and expressions used to speak about and to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. It is necessary to acknowledge that they are not naturally violent; that they might have left a lot behind in terms of social standing, respect and income in their armed group; and that therefore their return to civilian life may come with great economic and social sacrifices. The self-perception of former members of armed forces and groups (e.g., as revolutionaries or liberty fighters) also needs be understood, taken into consideration and, in some cases, positively reinforced to ensure their buy-in to the DDR process. Taking these sensitives into account may sometimes include the need to reprofile the language used by Government and local or even international media. It is of vital importance, especially when it comes to the prospect of reintegration, that the discourse used to talk about ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups is not pejorative and does not reinforce existing stereotypes or community fears.Communicating about former members of armed forces and groups is also important in contexts where transitional justice measures are underway. The strategic communication and public information elements of supporting transitional justice as part of a DDR process (including, truth telling, criminal prosecutions and other accountability measures, reparations, and guarantees of non- recurrence) should be carefully planned (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). PI\/SC campaigns should be designed to complement transitional justice interventions, and to manage the expectations of DDR participants, beneficiaries and communities. When transitional justice measures are visibly and publically integrated into DDR processes, this may help to ensure that grievances are addressed and demonstrate that these grievances were heard and taken into account. The visibility of these measures, in turn, contribute to improving the the prospects of social cohesion and receptibility between ex-combatants and communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":930, "Sentence":"The visibility of these measures, in turn, contribute to improving the the prospects of social cohesion and receptibility between ex-combatants and communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication visibility measure turn contribute improving prospect social cohesion receptibility excombatants community ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.3 The preparation of PI\/SC material", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"While a PI\/SC strategy is being prepared, other public information resources can be activated. In mission settings, ready-made public information material on peacekeeping and the UN\u2019s role can be distributed. However, DDR practitioners should be aware that most DDR-specific material will be created for the particular country where DDR will take place. Production of PI\/SC material is a lengthy process. The time needed to design and produce printed sensitization tools, develop online content, and establishing dissemination channels (such as radio stations) should be taken into account when planning the schedule for PI\/SC activities. Certain PI\/SC materials may take less time to produce, such as digital communication; basic pamphlets; DDR radio programmes for broadcasting on non-UN radios; interviews on local and international media; and debates, seminars and public theatre productions. Pre-testing of PI\/SC materials must also be included in operational schedules.In addition to these considerations, the strategy should have a coherent timeline, bearing in mind that while some PI\/SC activities will continue throughout the DDR process, others will take place at specific times or during specific phases. For instance, particularly during reintegration, SC activities may be oriented towards educating communities to accept DDR participants and to have reasonable expectations of what reintegration will bring, as well as ensuring that survivors of sexual violence and\/or those living with HIV\/AIDS are not stigmatized and that connections are made with ongoing security sector reform, including arms control, police and judicial reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":931, "Sentence":"While a PI\/SC strategy is being prepared, other public information resources can be activated.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication pi\/sc strategy prepared public information resource activated ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.3 The preparation of PI\/SC material", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"While a PI\/SC strategy is being prepared, other public information resources can be activated. In mission settings, ready-made public information material on peacekeeping and the UN\u2019s role can be distributed. However, DDR practitioners should be aware that most DDR-specific material will be created for the particular country where DDR will take place. Production of PI\/SC material is a lengthy process. The time needed to design and produce printed sensitization tools, develop online content, and establishing dissemination channels (such as radio stations) should be taken into account when planning the schedule for PI\/SC activities. Certain PI\/SC materials may take less time to produce, such as digital communication; basic pamphlets; DDR radio programmes for broadcasting on non-UN radios; interviews on local and international media; and debates, seminars and public theatre productions. Pre-testing of PI\/SC materials must also be included in operational schedules.In addition to these considerations, the strategy should have a coherent timeline, bearing in mind that while some PI\/SC activities will continue throughout the DDR process, others will take place at specific times or during specific phases. For instance, particularly during reintegration, SC activities may be oriented towards educating communities to accept DDR participants and to have reasonable expectations of what reintegration will bring, as well as ensuring that survivors of sexual violence and\/or those living with HIV\/AIDS are not stigmatized and that connections are made with ongoing security sector reform, including arms control, police and judicial reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":931, "Sentence":"In mission settings, ready-made public information material on peacekeeping and the UN\u2019s role can be distributed.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication mission setting readymade public information material peacekeeping un \u2019 role distributed ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.3 The preparation of PI\/SC material", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"While a PI\/SC strategy is being prepared, other public information resources can be activated. In mission settings, ready-made public information material on peacekeeping and the UN\u2019s role can be distributed. However, DDR practitioners should be aware that most DDR-specific material will be created for the particular country where DDR will take place. Production of PI\/SC material is a lengthy process. The time needed to design and produce printed sensitization tools, develop online content, and establishing dissemination channels (such as radio stations) should be taken into account when planning the schedule for PI\/SC activities. Certain PI\/SC materials may take less time to produce, such as digital communication; basic pamphlets; DDR radio programmes for broadcasting on non-UN radios; interviews on local and international media; and debates, seminars and public theatre productions. Pre-testing of PI\/SC materials must also be included in operational schedules.In addition to these considerations, the strategy should have a coherent timeline, bearing in mind that while some PI\/SC activities will continue throughout the DDR process, others will take place at specific times or during specific phases. For instance, particularly during reintegration, SC activities may be oriented towards educating communities to accept DDR participants and to have reasonable expectations of what reintegration will bring, as well as ensuring that survivors of sexual violence and\/or those living with HIV\/AIDS are not stigmatized and that connections are made with ongoing security sector reform, including arms control, police and judicial reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":931, "Sentence":"However, DDR practitioners should be aware that most DDR-specific material will be created for the particular country where DDR will take place.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication however ddr practitioner aware ddrspecific material created particular country ddr take place ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.3 The preparation of PI\/SC material", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"While a PI\/SC strategy is being prepared, other public information resources can be activated. In mission settings, ready-made public information material on peacekeeping and the UN\u2019s role can be distributed. However, DDR practitioners should be aware that most DDR-specific material will be created for the particular country where DDR will take place. Production of PI\/SC material is a lengthy process. The time needed to design and produce printed sensitization tools, develop online content, and establishing dissemination channels (such as radio stations) should be taken into account when planning the schedule for PI\/SC activities. Certain PI\/SC materials may take less time to produce, such as digital communication; basic pamphlets; DDR radio programmes for broadcasting on non-UN radios; interviews on local and international media; and debates, seminars and public theatre productions. Pre-testing of PI\/SC materials must also be included in operational schedules.In addition to these considerations, the strategy should have a coherent timeline, bearing in mind that while some PI\/SC activities will continue throughout the DDR process, others will take place at specific times or during specific phases. For instance, particularly during reintegration, SC activities may be oriented towards educating communities to accept DDR participants and to have reasonable expectations of what reintegration will bring, as well as ensuring that survivors of sexual violence and\/or those living with HIV\/AIDS are not stigmatized and that connections are made with ongoing security sector reform, including arms control, police and judicial reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":931, "Sentence":"Production of PI\/SC material is a lengthy process.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication production pi\/sc material lengthy process ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.3 The preparation of PI\/SC material", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"While a PI\/SC strategy is being prepared, other public information resources can be activated. In mission settings, ready-made public information material on peacekeeping and the UN\u2019s role can be distributed. However, DDR practitioners should be aware that most DDR-specific material will be created for the particular country where DDR will take place. Production of PI\/SC material is a lengthy process. The time needed to design and produce printed sensitization tools, develop online content, and establishing dissemination channels (such as radio stations) should be taken into account when planning the schedule for PI\/SC activities. Certain PI\/SC materials may take less time to produce, such as digital communication; basic pamphlets; DDR radio programmes for broadcasting on non-UN radios; interviews on local and international media; and debates, seminars and public theatre productions. Pre-testing of PI\/SC materials must also be included in operational schedules.In addition to these considerations, the strategy should have a coherent timeline, bearing in mind that while some PI\/SC activities will continue throughout the DDR process, others will take place at specific times or during specific phases. For instance, particularly during reintegration, SC activities may be oriented towards educating communities to accept DDR participants and to have reasonable expectations of what reintegration will bring, as well as ensuring that survivors of sexual violence and\/or those living with HIV\/AIDS are not stigmatized and that connections are made with ongoing security sector reform, including arms control, police and judicial reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":931, "Sentence":"The time needed to design and produce printed sensitization tools, develop online content, and establishing dissemination channels (such as radio stations) should be taken into account when planning the schedule for PI\/SC activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication time needed design produce printed sensitization tool develop online content establishing dissemination channel radio station taken account planning schedule pi\/sc activity ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.3 The preparation of PI\/SC material", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"While a PI\/SC strategy is being prepared, other public information resources can be activated. In mission settings, ready-made public information material on peacekeeping and the UN\u2019s role can be distributed. However, DDR practitioners should be aware that most DDR-specific material will be created for the particular country where DDR will take place. Production of PI\/SC material is a lengthy process. The time needed to design and produce printed sensitization tools, develop online content, and establishing dissemination channels (such as radio stations) should be taken into account when planning the schedule for PI\/SC activities. Certain PI\/SC materials may take less time to produce, such as digital communication; basic pamphlets; DDR radio programmes for broadcasting on non-UN radios; interviews on local and international media; and debates, seminars and public theatre productions. Pre-testing of PI\/SC materials must also be included in operational schedules.In addition to these considerations, the strategy should have a coherent timeline, bearing in mind that while some PI\/SC activities will continue throughout the DDR process, others will take place at specific times or during specific phases. For instance, particularly during reintegration, SC activities may be oriented towards educating communities to accept DDR participants and to have reasonable expectations of what reintegration will bring, as well as ensuring that survivors of sexual violence and\/or those living with HIV\/AIDS are not stigmatized and that connections are made with ongoing security sector reform, including arms control, police and judicial reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":931, "Sentence":"Certain PI\/SC materials may take less time to produce, such as digital communication; basic pamphlets; DDR radio programmes for broadcasting on non-UN radios; interviews on local and international media; and debates, seminars and public theatre productions.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication certain pi\/sc material may take le time produce digital communication basic pamphlet ddr radio programme broadcasting nonun radio interview local international medium debate seminar public theatre production ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.3 The preparation of PI\/SC material", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"While a PI\/SC strategy is being prepared, other public information resources can be activated. In mission settings, ready-made public information material on peacekeeping and the UN\u2019s role can be distributed. However, DDR practitioners should be aware that most DDR-specific material will be created for the particular country where DDR will take place. Production of PI\/SC material is a lengthy process. The time needed to design and produce printed sensitization tools, develop online content, and establishing dissemination channels (such as radio stations) should be taken into account when planning the schedule for PI\/SC activities. Certain PI\/SC materials may take less time to produce, such as digital communication; basic pamphlets; DDR radio programmes for broadcasting on non-UN radios; interviews on local and international media; and debates, seminars and public theatre productions. Pre-testing of PI\/SC materials must also be included in operational schedules.In addition to these considerations, the strategy should have a coherent timeline, bearing in mind that while some PI\/SC activities will continue throughout the DDR process, others will take place at specific times or during specific phases. For instance, particularly during reintegration, SC activities may be oriented towards educating communities to accept DDR participants and to have reasonable expectations of what reintegration will bring, as well as ensuring that survivors of sexual violence and\/or those living with HIV\/AIDS are not stigmatized and that connections are made with ongoing security sector reform, including arms control, police and judicial reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":931, "Sentence":"Pre-testing of PI\/SC materials must also be included in operational schedules.In addition to these considerations, the strategy should have a coherent timeline, bearing in mind that while some PI\/SC activities will continue throughout the DDR process, others will take place at specific times or during specific phases.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication pretesting pi\/sc material must also included operational schedules.in addition consideration strategy coherent timeline bearing mind pi\/sc activity continue throughout ddr process others take place specific time specific phase ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.3 The preparation of PI\/SC material", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"While a PI\/SC strategy is being prepared, other public information resources can be activated. In mission settings, ready-made public information material on peacekeeping and the UN\u2019s role can be distributed. However, DDR practitioners should be aware that most DDR-specific material will be created for the particular country where DDR will take place. Production of PI\/SC material is a lengthy process. The time needed to design and produce printed sensitization tools, develop online content, and establishing dissemination channels (such as radio stations) should be taken into account when planning the schedule for PI\/SC activities. Certain PI\/SC materials may take less time to produce, such as digital communication; basic pamphlets; DDR radio programmes for broadcasting on non-UN radios; interviews on local and international media; and debates, seminars and public theatre productions. Pre-testing of PI\/SC materials must also be included in operational schedules.In addition to these considerations, the strategy should have a coherent timeline, bearing in mind that while some PI\/SC activities will continue throughout the DDR process, others will take place at specific times or during specific phases. For instance, particularly during reintegration, SC activities may be oriented towards educating communities to accept DDR participants and to have reasonable expectations of what reintegration will bring, as well as ensuring that survivors of sexual violence and\/or those living with HIV\/AIDS are not stigmatized and that connections are made with ongoing security sector reform, including arms control, police and judicial reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":931, "Sentence":"For instance, particularly during reintegration, SC activities may be oriented towards educating communities to accept DDR participants and to have reasonable expectations of what reintegration will bring, as well as ensuring that survivors of sexual violence and\/or those living with HIV\/AIDS are not stigmatized and that connections are made with ongoing security sector reform, including arms control, police and judicial reform.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication instance particularly reintegration sc activity may oriented towards educating community accept ddr participant reasonable expectation reintegration bring well ensuring survivor sexual violence and\/or living hiv\/aids stigmatized connection made ongoing security sector reform including arm control police judicial reform ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.4 Hate speech and developing counter-narratives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Measures must be developed that, in addition to addressing misinformation and disinformation, challenge hate speech and attempt to mitigate its potential impacts on the DDR process. If left unchecked, hate speech and incitement to hatred in the media can lead to atrocities and genocide. In line with the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech, there must be intentional efforts to address the root causes and drivers of hate speech and to enable effective responses to the impact of hate speech.Hate speech is any kind of communication in speech, writing, or behaviour that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identifying factor. Hate speech aims to exclude, dehumanize and often legitimize the extinction of \u201cthe Other\u201d. It is supported by stereotypes, enemy images, attributions of blame for national misery and xenophobic discourse, all of which aim to strip the imagined Other of all humanity. This kind of communication often successfully incites violence. Preventing and challenging hate speech is vital to the DDR process and sustainable peace.Depending on the nature of the conflict, former members of armed forces and groups and their dependants may be the targets of hate speech. In some contexts, those who leave armed groups may be perceived, by some segments of the population, as traitors to the cause. They or their families may be targeted by hate speech, rumours, and other means of incitement to violence against them. As part of the planning for a DDR process in contexts where hate speech is occurring, DDR practitioners shall make all necessary efforts to include counter-narratives in the PI\/SC strategy. These measures may include the following: \\n Counter hate speech by using accurate and reliable information. \\n Include peaceful counter-narratives in education and communication skills training related to the DDR process (e.g., as part of training provided during reintegration support). \\n Incorporate media and information literacy skills to recognize and critically evaluate hate speech when engaging with communities. \\n Include specific language on hate speech in DDR policy documents and\/or related legislation. \\n Include narratives, stories, and other material that rehumanize ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups in strategic communication interventions in support of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":932, "Sentence":"Measures must be developed that, in addition to addressing misinformation and disinformation, challenge hate speech and attempt to mitigate its potential impacts on the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication measure must developed addition addressing misinformation disinformation challenge hate speech attempt mitigate potential impact ddr process ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.4 Hate speech and developing counter-narratives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Measures must be developed that, in addition to addressing misinformation and disinformation, challenge hate speech and attempt to mitigate its potential impacts on the DDR process. If left unchecked, hate speech and incitement to hatred in the media can lead to atrocities and genocide. In line with the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech, there must be intentional efforts to address the root causes and drivers of hate speech and to enable effective responses to the impact of hate speech.Hate speech is any kind of communication in speech, writing, or behaviour that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identifying factor. Hate speech aims to exclude, dehumanize and often legitimize the extinction of \u201cthe Other\u201d. It is supported by stereotypes, enemy images, attributions of blame for national misery and xenophobic discourse, all of which aim to strip the imagined Other of all humanity. This kind of communication often successfully incites violence. Preventing and challenging hate speech is vital to the DDR process and sustainable peace.Depending on the nature of the conflict, former members of armed forces and groups and their dependants may be the targets of hate speech. In some contexts, those who leave armed groups may be perceived, by some segments of the population, as traitors to the cause. They or their families may be targeted by hate speech, rumours, and other means of incitement to violence against them. As part of the planning for a DDR process in contexts where hate speech is occurring, DDR practitioners shall make all necessary efforts to include counter-narratives in the PI\/SC strategy. These measures may include the following: \\n Counter hate speech by using accurate and reliable information. \\n Include peaceful counter-narratives in education and communication skills training related to the DDR process (e.g., as part of training provided during reintegration support). \\n Incorporate media and information literacy skills to recognize and critically evaluate hate speech when engaging with communities. \\n Include specific language on hate speech in DDR policy documents and\/or related legislation. \\n Include narratives, stories, and other material that rehumanize ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups in strategic communication interventions in support of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":932, "Sentence":"If left unchecked, hate speech and incitement to hatred in the media can lead to atrocities and genocide.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication left unchecked hate speech incitement hatred medium lead atrocity genocide ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.4 Hate speech and developing counter-narratives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Measures must be developed that, in addition to addressing misinformation and disinformation, challenge hate speech and attempt to mitigate its potential impacts on the DDR process. If left unchecked, hate speech and incitement to hatred in the media can lead to atrocities and genocide. In line with the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech, there must be intentional efforts to address the root causes and drivers of hate speech and to enable effective responses to the impact of hate speech.Hate speech is any kind of communication in speech, writing, or behaviour that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identifying factor. Hate speech aims to exclude, dehumanize and often legitimize the extinction of \u201cthe Other\u201d. It is supported by stereotypes, enemy images, attributions of blame for national misery and xenophobic discourse, all of which aim to strip the imagined Other of all humanity. This kind of communication often successfully incites violence. Preventing and challenging hate speech is vital to the DDR process and sustainable peace.Depending on the nature of the conflict, former members of armed forces and groups and their dependants may be the targets of hate speech. In some contexts, those who leave armed groups may be perceived, by some segments of the population, as traitors to the cause. They or their families may be targeted by hate speech, rumours, and other means of incitement to violence against them. As part of the planning for a DDR process in contexts where hate speech is occurring, DDR practitioners shall make all necessary efforts to include counter-narratives in the PI\/SC strategy. These measures may include the following: \\n Counter hate speech by using accurate and reliable information. \\n Include peaceful counter-narratives in education and communication skills training related to the DDR process (e.g., as part of training provided during reintegration support). \\n Incorporate media and information literacy skills to recognize and critically evaluate hate speech when engaging with communities. \\n Include specific language on hate speech in DDR policy documents and\/or related legislation. \\n Include narratives, stories, and other material that rehumanize ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups in strategic communication interventions in support of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":932, "Sentence":"In line with the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech, there must be intentional efforts to address the root causes and drivers of hate speech and to enable effective responses to the impact of hate speech.Hate speech is any kind of communication in speech, writing, or behaviour that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identifying factor.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication line united nation strategy plan action hate speech must intentional effort address root cause driver hate speech enable effective response impact hate speech.hate speech kind communication speech writing behaviour attack us pejorative discriminatory language reference person group basis word based religion ethnicity nationality race colour descent gender identifying factor ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.4 Hate speech and developing counter-narratives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Measures must be developed that, in addition to addressing misinformation and disinformation, challenge hate speech and attempt to mitigate its potential impacts on the DDR process. If left unchecked, hate speech and incitement to hatred in the media can lead to atrocities and genocide. In line with the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech, there must be intentional efforts to address the root causes and drivers of hate speech and to enable effective responses to the impact of hate speech.Hate speech is any kind of communication in speech, writing, or behaviour that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identifying factor. Hate speech aims to exclude, dehumanize and often legitimize the extinction of \u201cthe Other\u201d. It is supported by stereotypes, enemy images, attributions of blame for national misery and xenophobic discourse, all of which aim to strip the imagined Other of all humanity. This kind of communication often successfully incites violence. Preventing and challenging hate speech is vital to the DDR process and sustainable peace.Depending on the nature of the conflict, former members of armed forces and groups and their dependants may be the targets of hate speech. In some contexts, those who leave armed groups may be perceived, by some segments of the population, as traitors to the cause. They or their families may be targeted by hate speech, rumours, and other means of incitement to violence against them. As part of the planning for a DDR process in contexts where hate speech is occurring, DDR practitioners shall make all necessary efforts to include counter-narratives in the PI\/SC strategy. These measures may include the following: \\n Counter hate speech by using accurate and reliable information. \\n Include peaceful counter-narratives in education and communication skills training related to the DDR process (e.g., as part of training provided during reintegration support). \\n Incorporate media and information literacy skills to recognize and critically evaluate hate speech when engaging with communities. \\n Include specific language on hate speech in DDR policy documents and\/or related legislation. \\n Include narratives, stories, and other material that rehumanize ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups in strategic communication interventions in support of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":932, "Sentence":"Hate speech aims to exclude, dehumanize and often legitimize the extinction of \u201cthe Other\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication hate speech aim exclude dehumanize often legitimize extinction \u201c \u201d ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.4 Hate speech and developing counter-narratives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Measures must be developed that, in addition to addressing misinformation and disinformation, challenge hate speech and attempt to mitigate its potential impacts on the DDR process. If left unchecked, hate speech and incitement to hatred in the media can lead to atrocities and genocide. In line with the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech, there must be intentional efforts to address the root causes and drivers of hate speech and to enable effective responses to the impact of hate speech.Hate speech is any kind of communication in speech, writing, or behaviour that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identifying factor. Hate speech aims to exclude, dehumanize and often legitimize the extinction of \u201cthe Other\u201d. It is supported by stereotypes, enemy images, attributions of blame for national misery and xenophobic discourse, all of which aim to strip the imagined Other of all humanity. This kind of communication often successfully incites violence. Preventing and challenging hate speech is vital to the DDR process and sustainable peace.Depending on the nature of the conflict, former members of armed forces and groups and their dependants may be the targets of hate speech. In some contexts, those who leave armed groups may be perceived, by some segments of the population, as traitors to the cause. They or their families may be targeted by hate speech, rumours, and other means of incitement to violence against them. As part of the planning for a DDR process in contexts where hate speech is occurring, DDR practitioners shall make all necessary efforts to include counter-narratives in the PI\/SC strategy. These measures may include the following: \\n Counter hate speech by using accurate and reliable information. \\n Include peaceful counter-narratives in education and communication skills training related to the DDR process (e.g., as part of training provided during reintegration support). \\n Incorporate media and information literacy skills to recognize and critically evaluate hate speech when engaging with communities. \\n Include specific language on hate speech in DDR policy documents and\/or related legislation. \\n Include narratives, stories, and other material that rehumanize ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups in strategic communication interventions in support of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":932, "Sentence":"It is supported by stereotypes, enemy images, attributions of blame for national misery and xenophobic discourse, all of which aim to strip the imagined Other of all humanity.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication supported stereotype enemy image attribution blame national misery xenophobic discourse aim strip imagined humanity ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.4 Hate speech and developing counter-narratives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Measures must be developed that, in addition to addressing misinformation and disinformation, challenge hate speech and attempt to mitigate its potential impacts on the DDR process. If left unchecked, hate speech and incitement to hatred in the media can lead to atrocities and genocide. In line with the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech, there must be intentional efforts to address the root causes and drivers of hate speech and to enable effective responses to the impact of hate speech.Hate speech is any kind of communication in speech, writing, or behaviour that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identifying factor. Hate speech aims to exclude, dehumanize and often legitimize the extinction of \u201cthe Other\u201d. It is supported by stereotypes, enemy images, attributions of blame for national misery and xenophobic discourse, all of which aim to strip the imagined Other of all humanity. This kind of communication often successfully incites violence. Preventing and challenging hate speech is vital to the DDR process and sustainable peace.Depending on the nature of the conflict, former members of armed forces and groups and their dependants may be the targets of hate speech. In some contexts, those who leave armed groups may be perceived, by some segments of the population, as traitors to the cause. They or their families may be targeted by hate speech, rumours, and other means of incitement to violence against them. As part of the planning for a DDR process in contexts where hate speech is occurring, DDR practitioners shall make all necessary efforts to include counter-narratives in the PI\/SC strategy. These measures may include the following: \\n Counter hate speech by using accurate and reliable information. \\n Include peaceful counter-narratives in education and communication skills training related to the DDR process (e.g., as part of training provided during reintegration support). \\n Incorporate media and information literacy skills to recognize and critically evaluate hate speech when engaging with communities. \\n Include specific language on hate speech in DDR policy documents and\/or related legislation. \\n Include narratives, stories, and other material that rehumanize ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups in strategic communication interventions in support of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":932, "Sentence":"This kind of communication often successfully incites violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication kind communication often successfully incites violence ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.4 Hate speech and developing counter-narratives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Measures must be developed that, in addition to addressing misinformation and disinformation, challenge hate speech and attempt to mitigate its potential impacts on the DDR process. If left unchecked, hate speech and incitement to hatred in the media can lead to atrocities and genocide. In line with the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech, there must be intentional efforts to address the root causes and drivers of hate speech and to enable effective responses to the impact of hate speech.Hate speech is any kind of communication in speech, writing, or behaviour that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identifying factor. Hate speech aims to exclude, dehumanize and often legitimize the extinction of \u201cthe Other\u201d. It is supported by stereotypes, enemy images, attributions of blame for national misery and xenophobic discourse, all of which aim to strip the imagined Other of all humanity. This kind of communication often successfully incites violence. Preventing and challenging hate speech is vital to the DDR process and sustainable peace.Depending on the nature of the conflict, former members of armed forces and groups and their dependants may be the targets of hate speech. In some contexts, those who leave armed groups may be perceived, by some segments of the population, as traitors to the cause. They or their families may be targeted by hate speech, rumours, and other means of incitement to violence against them. As part of the planning for a DDR process in contexts where hate speech is occurring, DDR practitioners shall make all necessary efforts to include counter-narratives in the PI\/SC strategy. These measures may include the following: \\n Counter hate speech by using accurate and reliable information. \\n Include peaceful counter-narratives in education and communication skills training related to the DDR process (e.g., as part of training provided during reintegration support). \\n Incorporate media and information literacy skills to recognize and critically evaluate hate speech when engaging with communities. \\n Include specific language on hate speech in DDR policy documents and\/or related legislation. \\n Include narratives, stories, and other material that rehumanize ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups in strategic communication interventions in support of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":932, "Sentence":"Preventing and challenging hate speech is vital to the DDR process and sustainable peace.Depending on the nature of the conflict, former members of armed forces and groups and their dependants may be the targets of hate speech.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication preventing challenging hate speech vital ddr process sustainable peace.depending nature conflict former member armed force group dependant may target hate speech ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.4 Hate speech and developing counter-narratives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Measures must be developed that, in addition to addressing misinformation and disinformation, challenge hate speech and attempt to mitigate its potential impacts on the DDR process. If left unchecked, hate speech and incitement to hatred in the media can lead to atrocities and genocide. In line with the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech, there must be intentional efforts to address the root causes and drivers of hate speech and to enable effective responses to the impact of hate speech.Hate speech is any kind of communication in speech, writing, or behaviour that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identifying factor. Hate speech aims to exclude, dehumanize and often legitimize the extinction of \u201cthe Other\u201d. It is supported by stereotypes, enemy images, attributions of blame for national misery and xenophobic discourse, all of which aim to strip the imagined Other of all humanity. This kind of communication often successfully incites violence. Preventing and challenging hate speech is vital to the DDR process and sustainable peace.Depending on the nature of the conflict, former members of armed forces and groups and their dependants may be the targets of hate speech. In some contexts, those who leave armed groups may be perceived, by some segments of the population, as traitors to the cause. They or their families may be targeted by hate speech, rumours, and other means of incitement to violence against them. As part of the planning for a DDR process in contexts where hate speech is occurring, DDR practitioners shall make all necessary efforts to include counter-narratives in the PI\/SC strategy. These measures may include the following: \\n Counter hate speech by using accurate and reliable information. \\n Include peaceful counter-narratives in education and communication skills training related to the DDR process (e.g., as part of training provided during reintegration support). \\n Incorporate media and information literacy skills to recognize and critically evaluate hate speech when engaging with communities. \\n Include specific language on hate speech in DDR policy documents and\/or related legislation. \\n Include narratives, stories, and other material that rehumanize ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups in strategic communication interventions in support of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":932, "Sentence":"In some contexts, those who leave armed groups may be perceived, by some segments of the population, as traitors to the cause.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication context leave armed group may perceived segment population traitor cause ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.4 Hate speech and developing counter-narratives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Measures must be developed that, in addition to addressing misinformation and disinformation, challenge hate speech and attempt to mitigate its potential impacts on the DDR process. If left unchecked, hate speech and incitement to hatred in the media can lead to atrocities and genocide. In line with the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech, there must be intentional efforts to address the root causes and drivers of hate speech and to enable effective responses to the impact of hate speech.Hate speech is any kind of communication in speech, writing, or behaviour that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identifying factor. Hate speech aims to exclude, dehumanize and often legitimize the extinction of \u201cthe Other\u201d. It is supported by stereotypes, enemy images, attributions of blame for national misery and xenophobic discourse, all of which aim to strip the imagined Other of all humanity. This kind of communication often successfully incites violence. Preventing and challenging hate speech is vital to the DDR process and sustainable peace.Depending on the nature of the conflict, former members of armed forces and groups and their dependants may be the targets of hate speech. In some contexts, those who leave armed groups may be perceived, by some segments of the population, as traitors to the cause. They or their families may be targeted by hate speech, rumours, and other means of incitement to violence against them. As part of the planning for a DDR process in contexts where hate speech is occurring, DDR practitioners shall make all necessary efforts to include counter-narratives in the PI\/SC strategy. These measures may include the following: \\n Counter hate speech by using accurate and reliable information. \\n Include peaceful counter-narratives in education and communication skills training related to the DDR process (e.g., as part of training provided during reintegration support). \\n Incorporate media and information literacy skills to recognize and critically evaluate hate speech when engaging with communities. \\n Include specific language on hate speech in DDR policy documents and\/or related legislation. \\n Include narratives, stories, and other material that rehumanize ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups in strategic communication interventions in support of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":932, "Sentence":"They or their families may be targeted by hate speech, rumours, and other means of incitement to violence against them.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication family may targeted hate speech rumour mean incitement violence ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.4 Hate speech and developing counter-narratives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Measures must be developed that, in addition to addressing misinformation and disinformation, challenge hate speech and attempt to mitigate its potential impacts on the DDR process. If left unchecked, hate speech and incitement to hatred in the media can lead to atrocities and genocide. In line with the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech, there must be intentional efforts to address the root causes and drivers of hate speech and to enable effective responses to the impact of hate speech.Hate speech is any kind of communication in speech, writing, or behaviour that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identifying factor. Hate speech aims to exclude, dehumanize and often legitimize the extinction of \u201cthe Other\u201d. It is supported by stereotypes, enemy images, attributions of blame for national misery and xenophobic discourse, all of which aim to strip the imagined Other of all humanity. This kind of communication often successfully incites violence. Preventing and challenging hate speech is vital to the DDR process and sustainable peace.Depending on the nature of the conflict, former members of armed forces and groups and their dependants may be the targets of hate speech. In some contexts, those who leave armed groups may be perceived, by some segments of the population, as traitors to the cause. They or their families may be targeted by hate speech, rumours, and other means of incitement to violence against them. As part of the planning for a DDR process in contexts where hate speech is occurring, DDR practitioners shall make all necessary efforts to include counter-narratives in the PI\/SC strategy. These measures may include the following: \\n Counter hate speech by using accurate and reliable information. \\n Include peaceful counter-narratives in education and communication skills training related to the DDR process (e.g., as part of training provided during reintegration support). \\n Incorporate media and information literacy skills to recognize and critically evaluate hate speech when engaging with communities. \\n Include specific language on hate speech in DDR policy documents and\/or related legislation. \\n Include narratives, stories, and other material that rehumanize ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups in strategic communication interventions in support of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":932, "Sentence":"As part of the planning for a DDR process in contexts where hate speech is occurring, DDR practitioners shall make all necessary efforts to include counter-narratives in the PI\/SC strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication part planning ddr process context hate speech occurring ddr practitioner shall make necessary effort include counternarratives pi\/sc strategy ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.4 Hate speech and developing counter-narratives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Measures must be developed that, in addition to addressing misinformation and disinformation, challenge hate speech and attempt to mitigate its potential impacts on the DDR process. If left unchecked, hate speech and incitement to hatred in the media can lead to atrocities and genocide. In line with the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech, there must be intentional efforts to address the root causes and drivers of hate speech and to enable effective responses to the impact of hate speech.Hate speech is any kind of communication in speech, writing, or behaviour that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identifying factor. Hate speech aims to exclude, dehumanize and often legitimize the extinction of \u201cthe Other\u201d. It is supported by stereotypes, enemy images, attributions of blame for national misery and xenophobic discourse, all of which aim to strip the imagined Other of all humanity. This kind of communication often successfully incites violence. Preventing and challenging hate speech is vital to the DDR process and sustainable peace.Depending on the nature of the conflict, former members of armed forces and groups and their dependants may be the targets of hate speech. In some contexts, those who leave armed groups may be perceived, by some segments of the population, as traitors to the cause. They or their families may be targeted by hate speech, rumours, and other means of incitement to violence against them. As part of the planning for a DDR process in contexts where hate speech is occurring, DDR practitioners shall make all necessary efforts to include counter-narratives in the PI\/SC strategy. These measures may include the following: \\n Counter hate speech by using accurate and reliable information. \\n Include peaceful counter-narratives in education and communication skills training related to the DDR process (e.g., as part of training provided during reintegration support). \\n Incorporate media and information literacy skills to recognize and critically evaluate hate speech when engaging with communities. \\n Include specific language on hate speech in DDR policy documents and\/or related legislation. \\n Include narratives, stories, and other material that rehumanize ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups in strategic communication interventions in support of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":932, "Sentence":"These measures may include the following: \\n Counter hate speech by using accurate and reliable information.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication measure may include following n counter hate speech using accurate reliable information ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.4 Hate speech and developing counter-narratives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Measures must be developed that, in addition to addressing misinformation and disinformation, challenge hate speech and attempt to mitigate its potential impacts on the DDR process. If left unchecked, hate speech and incitement to hatred in the media can lead to atrocities and genocide. In line with the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech, there must be intentional efforts to address the root causes and drivers of hate speech and to enable effective responses to the impact of hate speech.Hate speech is any kind of communication in speech, writing, or behaviour that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identifying factor. Hate speech aims to exclude, dehumanize and often legitimize the extinction of \u201cthe Other\u201d. It is supported by stereotypes, enemy images, attributions of blame for national misery and xenophobic discourse, all of which aim to strip the imagined Other of all humanity. This kind of communication often successfully incites violence. Preventing and challenging hate speech is vital to the DDR process and sustainable peace.Depending on the nature of the conflict, former members of armed forces and groups and their dependants may be the targets of hate speech. In some contexts, those who leave armed groups may be perceived, by some segments of the population, as traitors to the cause. They or their families may be targeted by hate speech, rumours, and other means of incitement to violence against them. As part of the planning for a DDR process in contexts where hate speech is occurring, DDR practitioners shall make all necessary efforts to include counter-narratives in the PI\/SC strategy. These measures may include the following: \\n Counter hate speech by using accurate and reliable information. \\n Include peaceful counter-narratives in education and communication skills training related to the DDR process (e.g., as part of training provided during reintegration support). \\n Incorporate media and information literacy skills to recognize and critically evaluate hate speech when engaging with communities. \\n Include specific language on hate speech in DDR policy documents and\/or related legislation. \\n Include narratives, stories, and other material that rehumanize ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups in strategic communication interventions in support of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":932, "Sentence":"\\n Include peaceful counter-narratives in education and communication skills training related to the DDR process (e.g., as part of training provided during reintegration support).", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n include peaceful counternarratives education communication skill training related ddr process e.g . part training provided reintegration support ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.4 Hate speech and developing counter-narratives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Measures must be developed that, in addition to addressing misinformation and disinformation, challenge hate speech and attempt to mitigate its potential impacts on the DDR process. If left unchecked, hate speech and incitement to hatred in the media can lead to atrocities and genocide. In line with the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech, there must be intentional efforts to address the root causes and drivers of hate speech and to enable effective responses to the impact of hate speech.Hate speech is any kind of communication in speech, writing, or behaviour that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identifying factor. Hate speech aims to exclude, dehumanize and often legitimize the extinction of \u201cthe Other\u201d. It is supported by stereotypes, enemy images, attributions of blame for national misery and xenophobic discourse, all of which aim to strip the imagined Other of all humanity. This kind of communication often successfully incites violence. Preventing and challenging hate speech is vital to the DDR process and sustainable peace.Depending on the nature of the conflict, former members of armed forces and groups and their dependants may be the targets of hate speech. In some contexts, those who leave armed groups may be perceived, by some segments of the population, as traitors to the cause. They or their families may be targeted by hate speech, rumours, and other means of incitement to violence against them. As part of the planning for a DDR process in contexts where hate speech is occurring, DDR practitioners shall make all necessary efforts to include counter-narratives in the PI\/SC strategy. These measures may include the following: \\n Counter hate speech by using accurate and reliable information. \\n Include peaceful counter-narratives in education and communication skills training related to the DDR process (e.g., as part of training provided during reintegration support). \\n Incorporate media and information literacy skills to recognize and critically evaluate hate speech when engaging with communities. \\n Include specific language on hate speech in DDR policy documents and\/or related legislation. \\n Include narratives, stories, and other material that rehumanize ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups in strategic communication interventions in support of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":932, "Sentence":"\\n Incorporate media and information literacy skills to recognize and critically evaluate hate speech when engaging with communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n incorporate medium information literacy skill recognize critically evaluate hate speech engaging community ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.4 Hate speech and developing counter-narratives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Measures must be developed that, in addition to addressing misinformation and disinformation, challenge hate speech and attempt to mitigate its potential impacts on the DDR process. If left unchecked, hate speech and incitement to hatred in the media can lead to atrocities and genocide. In line with the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech, there must be intentional efforts to address the root causes and drivers of hate speech and to enable effective responses to the impact of hate speech.Hate speech is any kind of communication in speech, writing, or behaviour that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identifying factor. Hate speech aims to exclude, dehumanize and often legitimize the extinction of \u201cthe Other\u201d. It is supported by stereotypes, enemy images, attributions of blame for national misery and xenophobic discourse, all of which aim to strip the imagined Other of all humanity. This kind of communication often successfully incites violence. Preventing and challenging hate speech is vital to the DDR process and sustainable peace.Depending on the nature of the conflict, former members of armed forces and groups and their dependants may be the targets of hate speech. In some contexts, those who leave armed groups may be perceived, by some segments of the population, as traitors to the cause. They or their families may be targeted by hate speech, rumours, and other means of incitement to violence against them. As part of the planning for a DDR process in contexts where hate speech is occurring, DDR practitioners shall make all necessary efforts to include counter-narratives in the PI\/SC strategy. These measures may include the following: \\n Counter hate speech by using accurate and reliable information. \\n Include peaceful counter-narratives in education and communication skills training related to the DDR process (e.g., as part of training provided during reintegration support). \\n Incorporate media and information literacy skills to recognize and critically evaluate hate speech when engaging with communities. \\n Include specific language on hate speech in DDR policy documents and\/or related legislation. \\n Include narratives, stories, and other material that rehumanize ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups in strategic communication interventions in support of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":932, "Sentence":"\\n Include specific language on hate speech in DDR policy documents and\/or related legislation.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n include specific language hate speech ddr policy document and\/or related legislation ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.4 Hate speech and developing counter-narratives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Measures must be developed that, in addition to addressing misinformation and disinformation, challenge hate speech and attempt to mitigate its potential impacts on the DDR process. If left unchecked, hate speech and incitement to hatred in the media can lead to atrocities and genocide. In line with the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech, there must be intentional efforts to address the root causes and drivers of hate speech and to enable effective responses to the impact of hate speech.Hate speech is any kind of communication in speech, writing, or behaviour that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, colour, descent, gender or other identifying factor. Hate speech aims to exclude, dehumanize and often legitimize the extinction of \u201cthe Other\u201d. It is supported by stereotypes, enemy images, attributions of blame for national misery and xenophobic discourse, all of which aim to strip the imagined Other of all humanity. This kind of communication often successfully incites violence. Preventing and challenging hate speech is vital to the DDR process and sustainable peace.Depending on the nature of the conflict, former members of armed forces and groups and their dependants may be the targets of hate speech. In some contexts, those who leave armed groups may be perceived, by some segments of the population, as traitors to the cause. They or their families may be targeted by hate speech, rumours, and other means of incitement to violence against them. As part of the planning for a DDR process in contexts where hate speech is occurring, DDR practitioners shall make all necessary efforts to include counter-narratives in the PI\/SC strategy. These measures may include the following: \\n Counter hate speech by using accurate and reliable information. \\n Include peaceful counter-narratives in education and communication skills training related to the DDR process (e.g., as part of training provided during reintegration support). \\n Incorporate media and information literacy skills to recognize and critically evaluate hate speech when engaging with communities. \\n Include specific language on hate speech in DDR policy documents and\/or related legislation. \\n Include narratives, stories, and other material that rehumanize ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups in strategic communication interventions in support of DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":932, "Sentence":"\\n Include narratives, stories, and other material that rehumanize ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups in strategic communication interventions in support of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n include narrative story material rehumanize excombatants person formerly associated armed force group strategic communication intervention support ddr process ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.5 Gender-sensitive PI\/SC for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"PI officers and gender officers shall work closely together in the formulation of PI\/SC strategies for DDR processes, drawing on existing gender analysis, and conducting additional gender assessments as required. Doing so allows the PI\/SC strategy to support gender-equitable norms, to promote women\u2018s empowerment and non-violent versions of masculinities, and to combat stigma and socialization to violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).One of the most critical PI\/SC objectives in DDR is reaching WAAFAG and informing them of their eligibility. Ensuring that women are well represented in all PI materials helps prevent their exclusion from DDR processes. Engaging women early in the development and testing of PI messaging is essential to ensuring that communication materials and approaches respond to the specific needs and capacities of women and girls. Recognizing women\u2019s roles in peacebuilding and social cohesion, and utilizing opportunities to actively engage them in disseminating PI messages, is essential. Sensitization activities can provide an important entry point to address the gender dimensions of violence early in the DDR process.PI activities should capitalize on lessons already learned about how to implement gender- responsive PI campaigns geared towards men. For example, showing male leaders and male youth as strong and non-violent, and men as engaged fathers and partners with females in the community, can help to support both men and boys as well as women and girls.Through these approaches, PI\/SC can support broader gender equality work in the country, ensuring that campaign messages, visuals, and awareness raising activities incorporate gender transformative messages including supporting women\u2019s empowerment, men\u2019s role as fathers, and non-violent, demilitarized forms of masculinities.PI\/SC interventions and tools should include messaging on: \\n Women\u2019s and men\u2019s roles as leaders working in partnership; \\n Demilitarization of masculinities; \\n Positive gender norms, including men\u2019s roles in communities as fathers; \\n Destigmatization of psychosocial support services and individuals dealing with post-traumatic stress; \\n Promotion of non-violent behaviour; \\n Destigmatization of female combatants, females associated with armed forces and groups and their children, and male combatants; \\n Men\u2019s and women\u2019s mutual responsibility and awareness around reproductive health and HIV\/AIDS; \\n Women\u2019s empowerment; and \\n Destigmatization of victims\/survivors of sexual violence and their children.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":933, "Sentence":"PI officers and gender officers shall work closely together in the formulation of PI\/SC strategies for DDR processes, drawing on existing gender analysis, and conducting additional gender assessments as required.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication pi officer gender officer shall work closely together formulation pi\/sc strategy ddr process drawing existing gender analysis conducting additional gender assessment required ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.5 Gender-sensitive PI\/SC for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"PI officers and gender officers shall work closely together in the formulation of PI\/SC strategies for DDR processes, drawing on existing gender analysis, and conducting additional gender assessments as required. Doing so allows the PI\/SC strategy to support gender-equitable norms, to promote women\u2018s empowerment and non-violent versions of masculinities, and to combat stigma and socialization to violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).One of the most critical PI\/SC objectives in DDR is reaching WAAFAG and informing them of their eligibility. Ensuring that women are well represented in all PI materials helps prevent their exclusion from DDR processes. Engaging women early in the development and testing of PI messaging is essential to ensuring that communication materials and approaches respond to the specific needs and capacities of women and girls. Recognizing women\u2019s roles in peacebuilding and social cohesion, and utilizing opportunities to actively engage them in disseminating PI messages, is essential. Sensitization activities can provide an important entry point to address the gender dimensions of violence early in the DDR process.PI activities should capitalize on lessons already learned about how to implement gender- responsive PI campaigns geared towards men. For example, showing male leaders and male youth as strong and non-violent, and men as engaged fathers and partners with females in the community, can help to support both men and boys as well as women and girls.Through these approaches, PI\/SC can support broader gender equality work in the country, ensuring that campaign messages, visuals, and awareness raising activities incorporate gender transformative messages including supporting women\u2019s empowerment, men\u2019s role as fathers, and non-violent, demilitarized forms of masculinities.PI\/SC interventions and tools should include messaging on: \\n Women\u2019s and men\u2019s roles as leaders working in partnership; \\n Demilitarization of masculinities; \\n Positive gender norms, including men\u2019s roles in communities as fathers; \\n Destigmatization of psychosocial support services and individuals dealing with post-traumatic stress; \\n Promotion of non-violent behaviour; \\n Destigmatization of female combatants, females associated with armed forces and groups and their children, and male combatants; \\n Men\u2019s and women\u2019s mutual responsibility and awareness around reproductive health and HIV\/AIDS; \\n Women\u2019s empowerment; and \\n Destigmatization of victims\/survivors of sexual violence and their children.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":933, "Sentence":"Doing so allows the PI\/SC strategy to support gender-equitable norms, to promote women\u2018s empowerment and non-violent versions of masculinities, and to combat stigma and socialization to violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).One of the most critical PI\/SC objectives in DDR is reaching WAAFAG and informing them of their eligibility.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication allows pi\/sc strategy support genderequitable norm promote woman \u2018 empowerment nonviolent version masculinity combat stigma socialization violence see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr.one critical pi\/sc objective ddr reaching waafag informing eligibility ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.5 Gender-sensitive PI\/SC for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"PI officers and gender officers shall work closely together in the formulation of PI\/SC strategies for DDR processes, drawing on existing gender analysis, and conducting additional gender assessments as required. Doing so allows the PI\/SC strategy to support gender-equitable norms, to promote women\u2018s empowerment and non-violent versions of masculinities, and to combat stigma and socialization to violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).One of the most critical PI\/SC objectives in DDR is reaching WAAFAG and informing them of their eligibility. Ensuring that women are well represented in all PI materials helps prevent their exclusion from DDR processes. Engaging women early in the development and testing of PI messaging is essential to ensuring that communication materials and approaches respond to the specific needs and capacities of women and girls. Recognizing women\u2019s roles in peacebuilding and social cohesion, and utilizing opportunities to actively engage them in disseminating PI messages, is essential. Sensitization activities can provide an important entry point to address the gender dimensions of violence early in the DDR process.PI activities should capitalize on lessons already learned about how to implement gender- responsive PI campaigns geared towards men. For example, showing male leaders and male youth as strong and non-violent, and men as engaged fathers and partners with females in the community, can help to support both men and boys as well as women and girls.Through these approaches, PI\/SC can support broader gender equality work in the country, ensuring that campaign messages, visuals, and awareness raising activities incorporate gender transformative messages including supporting women\u2019s empowerment, men\u2019s role as fathers, and non-violent, demilitarized forms of masculinities.PI\/SC interventions and tools should include messaging on: \\n Women\u2019s and men\u2019s roles as leaders working in partnership; \\n Demilitarization of masculinities; \\n Positive gender norms, including men\u2019s roles in communities as fathers; \\n Destigmatization of psychosocial support services and individuals dealing with post-traumatic stress; \\n Promotion of non-violent behaviour; \\n Destigmatization of female combatants, females associated with armed forces and groups and their children, and male combatants; \\n Men\u2019s and women\u2019s mutual responsibility and awareness around reproductive health and HIV\/AIDS; \\n Women\u2019s empowerment; and \\n Destigmatization of victims\/survivors of sexual violence and their children.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":933, "Sentence":"Ensuring that women are well represented in all PI materials helps prevent their exclusion from DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication ensuring woman well represented pi material help prevent exclusion ddr process ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.5 Gender-sensitive PI\/SC for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"PI officers and gender officers shall work closely together in the formulation of PI\/SC strategies for DDR processes, drawing on existing gender analysis, and conducting additional gender assessments as required. Doing so allows the PI\/SC strategy to support gender-equitable norms, to promote women\u2018s empowerment and non-violent versions of masculinities, and to combat stigma and socialization to violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).One of the most critical PI\/SC objectives in DDR is reaching WAAFAG and informing them of their eligibility. Ensuring that women are well represented in all PI materials helps prevent their exclusion from DDR processes. Engaging women early in the development and testing of PI messaging is essential to ensuring that communication materials and approaches respond to the specific needs and capacities of women and girls. Recognizing women\u2019s roles in peacebuilding and social cohesion, and utilizing opportunities to actively engage them in disseminating PI messages, is essential. Sensitization activities can provide an important entry point to address the gender dimensions of violence early in the DDR process.PI activities should capitalize on lessons already learned about how to implement gender- responsive PI campaigns geared towards men. For example, showing male leaders and male youth as strong and non-violent, and men as engaged fathers and partners with females in the community, can help to support both men and boys as well as women and girls.Through these approaches, PI\/SC can support broader gender equality work in the country, ensuring that campaign messages, visuals, and awareness raising activities incorporate gender transformative messages including supporting women\u2019s empowerment, men\u2019s role as fathers, and non-violent, demilitarized forms of masculinities.PI\/SC interventions and tools should include messaging on: \\n Women\u2019s and men\u2019s roles as leaders working in partnership; \\n Demilitarization of masculinities; \\n Positive gender norms, including men\u2019s roles in communities as fathers; \\n Destigmatization of psychosocial support services and individuals dealing with post-traumatic stress; \\n Promotion of non-violent behaviour; \\n Destigmatization of female combatants, females associated with armed forces and groups and their children, and male combatants; \\n Men\u2019s and women\u2019s mutual responsibility and awareness around reproductive health and HIV\/AIDS; \\n Women\u2019s empowerment; and \\n Destigmatization of victims\/survivors of sexual violence and their children.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":933, "Sentence":"Engaging women early in the development and testing of PI messaging is essential to ensuring that communication materials and approaches respond to the specific needs and capacities of women and girls.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication engaging woman early development testing pi messaging essential ensuring communication material approach respond specific need capacity woman girl ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.5 Gender-sensitive PI\/SC for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"PI officers and gender officers shall work closely together in the formulation of PI\/SC strategies for DDR processes, drawing on existing gender analysis, and conducting additional gender assessments as required. Doing so allows the PI\/SC strategy to support gender-equitable norms, to promote women\u2018s empowerment and non-violent versions of masculinities, and to combat stigma and socialization to violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).One of the most critical PI\/SC objectives in DDR is reaching WAAFAG and informing them of their eligibility. Ensuring that women are well represented in all PI materials helps prevent their exclusion from DDR processes. Engaging women early in the development and testing of PI messaging is essential to ensuring that communication materials and approaches respond to the specific needs and capacities of women and girls. Recognizing women\u2019s roles in peacebuilding and social cohesion, and utilizing opportunities to actively engage them in disseminating PI messages, is essential. Sensitization activities can provide an important entry point to address the gender dimensions of violence early in the DDR process.PI activities should capitalize on lessons already learned about how to implement gender- responsive PI campaigns geared towards men. For example, showing male leaders and male youth as strong and non-violent, and men as engaged fathers and partners with females in the community, can help to support both men and boys as well as women and girls.Through these approaches, PI\/SC can support broader gender equality work in the country, ensuring that campaign messages, visuals, and awareness raising activities incorporate gender transformative messages including supporting women\u2019s empowerment, men\u2019s role as fathers, and non-violent, demilitarized forms of masculinities.PI\/SC interventions and tools should include messaging on: \\n Women\u2019s and men\u2019s roles as leaders working in partnership; \\n Demilitarization of masculinities; \\n Positive gender norms, including men\u2019s roles in communities as fathers; \\n Destigmatization of psychosocial support services and individuals dealing with post-traumatic stress; \\n Promotion of non-violent behaviour; \\n Destigmatization of female combatants, females associated with armed forces and groups and their children, and male combatants; \\n Men\u2019s and women\u2019s mutual responsibility and awareness around reproductive health and HIV\/AIDS; \\n Women\u2019s empowerment; and \\n Destigmatization of victims\/survivors of sexual violence and their children.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":933, "Sentence":"Recognizing women\u2019s roles in peacebuilding and social cohesion, and utilizing opportunities to actively engage them in disseminating PI messages, is essential.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication recognizing woman \u2019 role peacebuilding social cohesion utilizing opportunity actively engage disseminating pi message essential ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.5 Gender-sensitive PI\/SC for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"PI officers and gender officers shall work closely together in the formulation of PI\/SC strategies for DDR processes, drawing on existing gender analysis, and conducting additional gender assessments as required. Doing so allows the PI\/SC strategy to support gender-equitable norms, to promote women\u2018s empowerment and non-violent versions of masculinities, and to combat stigma and socialization to violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).One of the most critical PI\/SC objectives in DDR is reaching WAAFAG and informing them of their eligibility. Ensuring that women are well represented in all PI materials helps prevent their exclusion from DDR processes. Engaging women early in the development and testing of PI messaging is essential to ensuring that communication materials and approaches respond to the specific needs and capacities of women and girls. Recognizing women\u2019s roles in peacebuilding and social cohesion, and utilizing opportunities to actively engage them in disseminating PI messages, is essential. Sensitization activities can provide an important entry point to address the gender dimensions of violence early in the DDR process.PI activities should capitalize on lessons already learned about how to implement gender- responsive PI campaigns geared towards men. For example, showing male leaders and male youth as strong and non-violent, and men as engaged fathers and partners with females in the community, can help to support both men and boys as well as women and girls.Through these approaches, PI\/SC can support broader gender equality work in the country, ensuring that campaign messages, visuals, and awareness raising activities incorporate gender transformative messages including supporting women\u2019s empowerment, men\u2019s role as fathers, and non-violent, demilitarized forms of masculinities.PI\/SC interventions and tools should include messaging on: \\n Women\u2019s and men\u2019s roles as leaders working in partnership; \\n Demilitarization of masculinities; \\n Positive gender norms, including men\u2019s roles in communities as fathers; \\n Destigmatization of psychosocial support services and individuals dealing with post-traumatic stress; \\n Promotion of non-violent behaviour; \\n Destigmatization of female combatants, females associated with armed forces and groups and their children, and male combatants; \\n Men\u2019s and women\u2019s mutual responsibility and awareness around reproductive health and HIV\/AIDS; \\n Women\u2019s empowerment; and \\n Destigmatization of victims\/survivors of sexual violence and their children.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":933, "Sentence":"Sensitization activities can provide an important entry point to address the gender dimensions of violence early in the DDR process.PI activities should capitalize on lessons already learned about how to implement gender- responsive PI campaigns geared towards men.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication sensitization activity provide important entry point address gender dimension violence early ddr process.pi activity capitalize lesson already learned implement gender responsive pi campaign geared towards men ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.5 Gender-sensitive PI\/SC for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"PI officers and gender officers shall work closely together in the formulation of PI\/SC strategies for DDR processes, drawing on existing gender analysis, and conducting additional gender assessments as required. Doing so allows the PI\/SC strategy to support gender-equitable norms, to promote women\u2018s empowerment and non-violent versions of masculinities, and to combat stigma and socialization to violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).One of the most critical PI\/SC objectives in DDR is reaching WAAFAG and informing them of their eligibility. Ensuring that women are well represented in all PI materials helps prevent their exclusion from DDR processes. Engaging women early in the development and testing of PI messaging is essential to ensuring that communication materials and approaches respond to the specific needs and capacities of women and girls. Recognizing women\u2019s roles in peacebuilding and social cohesion, and utilizing opportunities to actively engage them in disseminating PI messages, is essential. Sensitization activities can provide an important entry point to address the gender dimensions of violence early in the DDR process.PI activities should capitalize on lessons already learned about how to implement gender- responsive PI campaigns geared towards men. For example, showing male leaders and male youth as strong and non-violent, and men as engaged fathers and partners with females in the community, can help to support both men and boys as well as women and girls.Through these approaches, PI\/SC can support broader gender equality work in the country, ensuring that campaign messages, visuals, and awareness raising activities incorporate gender transformative messages including supporting women\u2019s empowerment, men\u2019s role as fathers, and non-violent, demilitarized forms of masculinities.PI\/SC interventions and tools should include messaging on: \\n Women\u2019s and men\u2019s roles as leaders working in partnership; \\n Demilitarization of masculinities; \\n Positive gender norms, including men\u2019s roles in communities as fathers; \\n Destigmatization of psychosocial support services and individuals dealing with post-traumatic stress; \\n Promotion of non-violent behaviour; \\n Destigmatization of female combatants, females associated with armed forces and groups and their children, and male combatants; \\n Men\u2019s and women\u2019s mutual responsibility and awareness around reproductive health and HIV\/AIDS; \\n Women\u2019s empowerment; and \\n Destigmatization of victims\/survivors of sexual violence and their children.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":933, "Sentence":"For example, showing male leaders and male youth as strong and non-violent, and men as engaged fathers and partners with females in the community, can help to support both men and boys as well as women and girls.Through these approaches, PI\/SC can support broader gender equality work in the country, ensuring that campaign messages, visuals, and awareness raising activities incorporate gender transformative messages including supporting women\u2019s empowerment, men\u2019s role as fathers, and non-violent, demilitarized forms of masculinities.PI\/SC interventions and tools should include messaging on: \\n Women\u2019s and men\u2019s roles as leaders working in partnership; \\n Demilitarization of masculinities; \\n Positive gender norms, including men\u2019s roles in communities as fathers; \\n Destigmatization of psychosocial support services and individuals dealing with post-traumatic stress; \\n Promotion of non-violent behaviour; \\n Destigmatization of female combatants, females associated with armed forces and groups and their children, and male combatants; \\n Men\u2019s and women\u2019s mutual responsibility and awareness around reproductive health and HIV\/AIDS; \\n Women\u2019s empowerment; and \\n Destigmatization of victims\/survivors of sexual violence and their children.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication example showing male leader male youth strong nonviolent men engaged father partner female community help support men boy well woman girls.through approach pi\/sc support broader gender equality work country ensuring campaign message visuals awareness raising activity incorporate gender transformative message including supporting woman \u2019 empowerment men \u2019 role father nonviolent demilitarized form masculinities.pi\/sc intervention tool include messaging n woman \u2019 men \u2019 role leader working partnership n demilitarization masculinity n positive gender norm including men \u2019 role community father n destigmatization psychosocial support service individual dealing posttraumatic stress n promotion nonviolent behaviour n destigmatization female combatant female associated armed force group child male combatant n men \u2019 woman \u2019 mutual responsibility awareness around reproductive health hiv\/aids n woman \u2019 empowerment n destigmatization victims\/survivors sexual violence child ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.6 Anti-stigma and mental health PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Given the psychological impact of conflict on ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, as well as survivors and conflict-affected communities, it is essential for PI\/SC to support anti-stigma campaigns and programmes, and to disseminate accurate and reliable information on ways to access support (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR, IDDRS 5.80 on Disability-Inclusive DDR and IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support).PI\/SC should draw on assessments and mapping of services and be developed in collaboration with health authorities, ensuring continuous access to information on the availability of assistance as well as clear referral pathways (clincs, servies, hotlines etc). Anti-stigma campaigns should include messaging on normalizing the mental health impacts of conflict on both men and women and fostering support for individuals and communities. In conflict settings, one person in five is living with some form of mental disorder, from mild depression or anxiety to psychosis. In this regard, PI\/SC should avoid targeting or singling out DDR participants as the impact of conflict extends further than those who actively participated in combat.z Interventions may include radio programs, public service announcements, community theatre or seminars, print media, and other outlets as outlined in section 8.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":934, "Sentence":"Given the psychological impact of conflict on ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, as well as survivors and conflict-affected communities, it is essential for PI\/SC to support anti-stigma campaigns and programmes, and to disseminate accurate and reliable information on ways to access support (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR, IDDRS 5.80 on Disability-Inclusive DDR and IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support).PI\/SC should draw on assessments and mapping of services and be developed in collaboration with health authorities, ensuring continuous access to information on the availability of assistance as well as clear referral pathways (clincs, servies, hotlines etc).", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication given psychological impact conflict excombatants person associated armed force group well survivor conflictaffected community essential pi\/sc support antistigma campaign programme disseminate accurate reliable information way access support see iddrs 5.70 health ddr iddrs 5.80 disabilityinclusive ddr iasc guideline mental health psychosocial support.pi\/sc draw assessment mapping service developed collaboration health authority ensuring continuous access information availability assistance well clear referral pathway clincs servies hotlines etc ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.6 Anti-stigma and mental health PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Given the psychological impact of conflict on ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, as well as survivors and conflict-affected communities, it is essential for PI\/SC to support anti-stigma campaigns and programmes, and to disseminate accurate and reliable information on ways to access support (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR, IDDRS 5.80 on Disability-Inclusive DDR and IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support).PI\/SC should draw on assessments and mapping of services and be developed in collaboration with health authorities, ensuring continuous access to information on the availability of assistance as well as clear referral pathways (clincs, servies, hotlines etc). Anti-stigma campaigns should include messaging on normalizing the mental health impacts of conflict on both men and women and fostering support for individuals and communities. In conflict settings, one person in five is living with some form of mental disorder, from mild depression or anxiety to psychosis. In this regard, PI\/SC should avoid targeting or singling out DDR participants as the impact of conflict extends further than those who actively participated in combat.z Interventions may include radio programs, public service announcements, community theatre or seminars, print media, and other outlets as outlined in section 8.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":934, "Sentence":"Anti-stigma campaigns should include messaging on normalizing the mental health impacts of conflict on both men and women and fostering support for individuals and communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication antistigma campaign include messaging normalizing mental health impact conflict men woman fostering support individual community ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.6 Anti-stigma and mental health PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Given the psychological impact of conflict on ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, as well as survivors and conflict-affected communities, it is essential for PI\/SC to support anti-stigma campaigns and programmes, and to disseminate accurate and reliable information on ways to access support (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR, IDDRS 5.80 on Disability-Inclusive DDR and IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support).PI\/SC should draw on assessments and mapping of services and be developed in collaboration with health authorities, ensuring continuous access to information on the availability of assistance as well as clear referral pathways (clincs, servies, hotlines etc). Anti-stigma campaigns should include messaging on normalizing the mental health impacts of conflict on both men and women and fostering support for individuals and communities. In conflict settings, one person in five is living with some form of mental disorder, from mild depression or anxiety to psychosis. In this regard, PI\/SC should avoid targeting or singling out DDR participants as the impact of conflict extends further than those who actively participated in combat.z Interventions may include radio programs, public service announcements, community theatre or seminars, print media, and other outlets as outlined in section 8.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":934, "Sentence":"In conflict settings, one person in five is living with some form of mental disorder, from mild depression or anxiety to psychosis.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication conflict setting one person five living form mental disorder mild depression anxiety psychosis ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"6. Planning and designing PI\/SC strategies", "Heading2":"6.6 Anti-stigma and mental health PI\/SC in support of DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Given the psychological impact of conflict on ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups, as well as survivors and conflict-affected communities, it is essential for PI\/SC to support anti-stigma campaigns and programmes, and to disseminate accurate and reliable information on ways to access support (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR, IDDRS 5.80 on Disability-Inclusive DDR and IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support).PI\/SC should draw on assessments and mapping of services and be developed in collaboration with health authorities, ensuring continuous access to information on the availability of assistance as well as clear referral pathways (clincs, servies, hotlines etc). Anti-stigma campaigns should include messaging on normalizing the mental health impacts of conflict on both men and women and fostering support for individuals and communities. In conflict settings, one person in five is living with some form of mental disorder, from mild depression or anxiety to psychosis. In this regard, PI\/SC should avoid targeting or singling out DDR participants as the impact of conflict extends further than those who actively participated in combat.z Interventions may include radio programs, public service announcements, community theatre or seminars, print media, and other outlets as outlined in section 8.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":934, "Sentence":"In this regard, PI\/SC should avoid targeting or singling out DDR participants as the impact of conflict extends further than those who actively participated in combat.z Interventions may include radio programs, public service announcements, community theatre or seminars, print media, and other outlets as outlined in section 8.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication regard pi\/sc avoid targeting singling ddr participant impact conflict extends actively participated combat.z intervention may include radio program public service announcement community theatre seminar print medium outlet outlined section 8 ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy shall acknowledge the diversity of stakeholders involved in the DDR process and their varied information needs. The PI\/SC strategy shall also be based on integrated conflict and security analyses (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). As each DDR process may contain different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, the type of DDR process under way will influence the stakeholders involved and the primary and secondary audiences, and will shape the nature and content of PI\/SC activities. The intended audience(s) will also vary according to the phase of the DDR process and, crucially, the changes in people\u2019s attitudes that the PI\/SC strategy would like to bring about. What follows is therefore a non-exhaustive list of the types of target audiences most commonly found in a PI\/SC strategy for DDR:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":935, "Sentence":"The planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy shall acknowledge the diversity of stakeholders involved in the DDR process and their varied information needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication planning implementation pi\/sc strategy shall acknowledge diversity stakeholder involved ddr process varied information need ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy shall acknowledge the diversity of stakeholders involved in the DDR process and their varied information needs. The PI\/SC strategy shall also be based on integrated conflict and security analyses (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). As each DDR process may contain different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, the type of DDR process under way will influence the stakeholders involved and the primary and secondary audiences, and will shape the nature and content of PI\/SC activities. The intended audience(s) will also vary according to the phase of the DDR process and, crucially, the changes in people\u2019s attitudes that the PI\/SC strategy would like to bring about. What follows is therefore a non-exhaustive list of the types of target audiences most commonly found in a PI\/SC strategy for DDR:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":935, "Sentence":"The PI\/SC strategy shall also be based on integrated conflict and security analyses (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication pi\/sc strategy shall also based integrated conflict security analysis see iddrs 3.11 integrated assessment ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy shall acknowledge the diversity of stakeholders involved in the DDR process and their varied information needs. The PI\/SC strategy shall also be based on integrated conflict and security analyses (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). As each DDR process may contain different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, the type of DDR process under way will influence the stakeholders involved and the primary and secondary audiences, and will shape the nature and content of PI\/SC activities. The intended audience(s) will also vary according to the phase of the DDR process and, crucially, the changes in people\u2019s attitudes that the PI\/SC strategy would like to bring about. What follows is therefore a non-exhaustive list of the types of target audiences most commonly found in a PI\/SC strategy for DDR:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":935, "Sentence":"As each DDR process may contain different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, the type of DDR process under way will influence the stakeholders involved and the primary and secondary audiences, and will shape the nature and content of PI\/SC activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication ddr process may contain different combination ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support type ddr process way influence stakeholder involved primary secondary audience shape nature content pi\/sc activity ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy shall acknowledge the diversity of stakeholders involved in the DDR process and their varied information needs. The PI\/SC strategy shall also be based on integrated conflict and security analyses (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). As each DDR process may contain different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, the type of DDR process under way will influence the stakeholders involved and the primary and secondary audiences, and will shape the nature and content of PI\/SC activities. The intended audience(s) will also vary according to the phase of the DDR process and, crucially, the changes in people\u2019s attitudes that the PI\/SC strategy would like to bring about. What follows is therefore a non-exhaustive list of the types of target audiences most commonly found in a PI\/SC strategy for DDR:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":935, "Sentence":"The intended audience(s) will also vary according to the phase of the DDR process and, crucially, the changes in people\u2019s attitudes that the PI\/SC strategy would like to bring about.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication intended audience also vary according phase ddr process crucially change people \u2019 attitude pi\/sc strategy would like bring ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy shall acknowledge the diversity of stakeholders involved in the DDR process and their varied information needs. The PI\/SC strategy shall also be based on integrated conflict and security analyses (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments). As each DDR process may contain different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, the type of DDR process under way will influence the stakeholders involved and the primary and secondary audiences, and will shape the nature and content of PI\/SC activities. The intended audience(s) will also vary according to the phase of the DDR process and, crucially, the changes in people\u2019s attitudes that the PI\/SC strategy would like to bring about. What follows is therefore a non-exhaustive list of the types of target audiences most commonly found in a PI\/SC strategy for DDR:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":935, "Sentence":"What follows is therefore a non-exhaustive list of the types of target audiences most commonly found in a PI\/SC strategy for DDR:", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication follows therefore nonexhaustive list type target audience commonly found pi\/sc strategy ddr" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 Primary audience (participants and beneficiaries)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following stakeholders are often the primary audience of a DDR process: \\n The political leadership: This may include the signatories of ceasefires and peace accords, when they are in place. Political leaderships may or may not represent the military branches of their organizations. \\n The military leadership of armed forces and groups: These leaders may have motivations and interests that differ from the political leaderships of these entities. Likewise, within these military leaderships, mid-level commanders may hold their own views concerning the DDR process. DDR practitioners should recognize that the rank-and-file members of armed forces and groups often receive information about DDR from their immediate commanders, who may have incentives to provide disinformation about DDR if they are reluctant for their subordinates to leave military life. \\n Rank-and-file of armed forces and groups: It is important to make the distinction between military leaderships, military commanders, mid-level commanders and their rank-and-file, because their motivations and interests may differ. Testimonials from the successfully demobilized and reintegrated rank-and-file have proven to be effective in informing their peers. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can play an important role in amplifying messages aimed at demonstrating life after war. \\n Women associated with armed groups and forces in non-combat roles: It is important to cater to the information needs of WAAFAG, especially those who have been abducted. Communities, particularly women\u2019s groups, should also be informed about how to further assist women who manage to leave an armed force or group of their own accord. \\n Children associated with armed forces and groups: Individuals in this group need child-friendly, age- and gender-sensitive information to help reassure and safely remove those who are illegally held by an armed force or group. Communities, local authorities and police should also be informed about how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed groups, as well as about protocols to ensure the protection of children and their prompt handover to child protection services. \\n Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities: Information and sensitization to opportunities to access and participate in DDR should reach this group. Families and communities should also be informed on how to support the reintegration of persons with disabilities. \\n Youth at risk of recruitment: In countries affected by conflict, youth are both a force for positive change and, at the same time, a group that may be vulnerable to being drawn into renewed violence. When PI\/SC strategies focus only on children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth are missed. \\n Local authorities and receiving communities: Enabling the smooth reintegration of DDR participants into their communities is vital to the success of DDR. Communities and their leaders also have an important role to play in other local-level DDR activities, such as CVR programmes and transitional WAM as well as community-based reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":936, "Sentence":"The following stakeholders are often the primary audience of a DDR process: \\n The political leadership: This may include the signatories of ceasefires and peace accords, when they are in place.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication following stakeholder often primary audience ddr process n political leadership may include signatory ceasefires peace accord place ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 Primary audience (participants and beneficiaries)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following stakeholders are often the primary audience of a DDR process: \\n The political leadership: This may include the signatories of ceasefires and peace accords, when they are in place. Political leaderships may or may not represent the military branches of their organizations. \\n The military leadership of armed forces and groups: These leaders may have motivations and interests that differ from the political leaderships of these entities. Likewise, within these military leaderships, mid-level commanders may hold their own views concerning the DDR process. DDR practitioners should recognize that the rank-and-file members of armed forces and groups often receive information about DDR from their immediate commanders, who may have incentives to provide disinformation about DDR if they are reluctant for their subordinates to leave military life. \\n Rank-and-file of armed forces and groups: It is important to make the distinction between military leaderships, military commanders, mid-level commanders and their rank-and-file, because their motivations and interests may differ. Testimonials from the successfully demobilized and reintegrated rank-and-file have proven to be effective in informing their peers. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can play an important role in amplifying messages aimed at demonstrating life after war. \\n Women associated with armed groups and forces in non-combat roles: It is important to cater to the information needs of WAAFAG, especially those who have been abducted. Communities, particularly women\u2019s groups, should also be informed about how to further assist women who manage to leave an armed force or group of their own accord. \\n Children associated with armed forces and groups: Individuals in this group need child-friendly, age- and gender-sensitive information to help reassure and safely remove those who are illegally held by an armed force or group. Communities, local authorities and police should also be informed about how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed groups, as well as about protocols to ensure the protection of children and their prompt handover to child protection services. \\n Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities: Information and sensitization to opportunities to access and participate in DDR should reach this group. Families and communities should also be informed on how to support the reintegration of persons with disabilities. \\n Youth at risk of recruitment: In countries affected by conflict, youth are both a force for positive change and, at the same time, a group that may be vulnerable to being drawn into renewed violence. When PI\/SC strategies focus only on children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth are missed. \\n Local authorities and receiving communities: Enabling the smooth reintegration of DDR participants into their communities is vital to the success of DDR. Communities and their leaders also have an important role to play in other local-level DDR activities, such as CVR programmes and transitional WAM as well as community-based reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":936, "Sentence":"Political leaderships may or may not represent the military branches of their organizations.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication political leadership may may represent military branch organization ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 Primary audience (participants and beneficiaries)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following stakeholders are often the primary audience of a DDR process: \\n The political leadership: This may include the signatories of ceasefires and peace accords, when they are in place. Political leaderships may or may not represent the military branches of their organizations. \\n The military leadership of armed forces and groups: These leaders may have motivations and interests that differ from the political leaderships of these entities. Likewise, within these military leaderships, mid-level commanders may hold their own views concerning the DDR process. DDR practitioners should recognize that the rank-and-file members of armed forces and groups often receive information about DDR from their immediate commanders, who may have incentives to provide disinformation about DDR if they are reluctant for their subordinates to leave military life. \\n Rank-and-file of armed forces and groups: It is important to make the distinction between military leaderships, military commanders, mid-level commanders and their rank-and-file, because their motivations and interests may differ. Testimonials from the successfully demobilized and reintegrated rank-and-file have proven to be effective in informing their peers. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can play an important role in amplifying messages aimed at demonstrating life after war. \\n Women associated with armed groups and forces in non-combat roles: It is important to cater to the information needs of WAAFAG, especially those who have been abducted. Communities, particularly women\u2019s groups, should also be informed about how to further assist women who manage to leave an armed force or group of their own accord. \\n Children associated with armed forces and groups: Individuals in this group need child-friendly, age- and gender-sensitive information to help reassure and safely remove those who are illegally held by an armed force or group. Communities, local authorities and police should also be informed about how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed groups, as well as about protocols to ensure the protection of children and their prompt handover to child protection services. \\n Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities: Information and sensitization to opportunities to access and participate in DDR should reach this group. Families and communities should also be informed on how to support the reintegration of persons with disabilities. \\n Youth at risk of recruitment: In countries affected by conflict, youth are both a force for positive change and, at the same time, a group that may be vulnerable to being drawn into renewed violence. When PI\/SC strategies focus only on children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth are missed. \\n Local authorities and receiving communities: Enabling the smooth reintegration of DDR participants into their communities is vital to the success of DDR. Communities and their leaders also have an important role to play in other local-level DDR activities, such as CVR programmes and transitional WAM as well as community-based reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":936, "Sentence":"\\n The military leadership of armed forces and groups: These leaders may have motivations and interests that differ from the political leaderships of these entities.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n military leadership armed force group leader may motivation interest differ political leadership entity ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 Primary audience (participants and beneficiaries)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following stakeholders are often the primary audience of a DDR process: \\n The political leadership: This may include the signatories of ceasefires and peace accords, when they are in place. Political leaderships may or may not represent the military branches of their organizations. \\n The military leadership of armed forces and groups: These leaders may have motivations and interests that differ from the political leaderships of these entities. Likewise, within these military leaderships, mid-level commanders may hold their own views concerning the DDR process. DDR practitioners should recognize that the rank-and-file members of armed forces and groups often receive information about DDR from their immediate commanders, who may have incentives to provide disinformation about DDR if they are reluctant for their subordinates to leave military life. \\n Rank-and-file of armed forces and groups: It is important to make the distinction between military leaderships, military commanders, mid-level commanders and their rank-and-file, because their motivations and interests may differ. Testimonials from the successfully demobilized and reintegrated rank-and-file have proven to be effective in informing their peers. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can play an important role in amplifying messages aimed at demonstrating life after war. \\n Women associated with armed groups and forces in non-combat roles: It is important to cater to the information needs of WAAFAG, especially those who have been abducted. Communities, particularly women\u2019s groups, should also be informed about how to further assist women who manage to leave an armed force or group of their own accord. \\n Children associated with armed forces and groups: Individuals in this group need child-friendly, age- and gender-sensitive information to help reassure and safely remove those who are illegally held by an armed force or group. Communities, local authorities and police should also be informed about how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed groups, as well as about protocols to ensure the protection of children and their prompt handover to child protection services. \\n Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities: Information and sensitization to opportunities to access and participate in DDR should reach this group. Families and communities should also be informed on how to support the reintegration of persons with disabilities. \\n Youth at risk of recruitment: In countries affected by conflict, youth are both a force for positive change and, at the same time, a group that may be vulnerable to being drawn into renewed violence. When PI\/SC strategies focus only on children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth are missed. \\n Local authorities and receiving communities: Enabling the smooth reintegration of DDR participants into their communities is vital to the success of DDR. Communities and their leaders also have an important role to play in other local-level DDR activities, such as CVR programmes and transitional WAM as well as community-based reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":936, "Sentence":"Likewise, within these military leaderships, mid-level commanders may hold their own views concerning the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication likewise within military leadership midlevel commander may hold view concerning ddr process ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 Primary audience (participants and beneficiaries)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following stakeholders are often the primary audience of a DDR process: \\n The political leadership: This may include the signatories of ceasefires and peace accords, when they are in place. Political leaderships may or may not represent the military branches of their organizations. \\n The military leadership of armed forces and groups: These leaders may have motivations and interests that differ from the political leaderships of these entities. Likewise, within these military leaderships, mid-level commanders may hold their own views concerning the DDR process. DDR practitioners should recognize that the rank-and-file members of armed forces and groups often receive information about DDR from their immediate commanders, who may have incentives to provide disinformation about DDR if they are reluctant for their subordinates to leave military life. \\n Rank-and-file of armed forces and groups: It is important to make the distinction between military leaderships, military commanders, mid-level commanders and their rank-and-file, because their motivations and interests may differ. Testimonials from the successfully demobilized and reintegrated rank-and-file have proven to be effective in informing their peers. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can play an important role in amplifying messages aimed at demonstrating life after war. \\n Women associated with armed groups and forces in non-combat roles: It is important to cater to the information needs of WAAFAG, especially those who have been abducted. Communities, particularly women\u2019s groups, should also be informed about how to further assist women who manage to leave an armed force or group of their own accord. \\n Children associated with armed forces and groups: Individuals in this group need child-friendly, age- and gender-sensitive information to help reassure and safely remove those who are illegally held by an armed force or group. Communities, local authorities and police should also be informed about how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed groups, as well as about protocols to ensure the protection of children and their prompt handover to child protection services. \\n Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities: Information and sensitization to opportunities to access and participate in DDR should reach this group. Families and communities should also be informed on how to support the reintegration of persons with disabilities. \\n Youth at risk of recruitment: In countries affected by conflict, youth are both a force for positive change and, at the same time, a group that may be vulnerable to being drawn into renewed violence. When PI\/SC strategies focus only on children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth are missed. \\n Local authorities and receiving communities: Enabling the smooth reintegration of DDR participants into their communities is vital to the success of DDR. Communities and their leaders also have an important role to play in other local-level DDR activities, such as CVR programmes and transitional WAM as well as community-based reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":936, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should recognize that the rank-and-file members of armed forces and groups often receive information about DDR from their immediate commanders, who may have incentives to provide disinformation about DDR if they are reluctant for their subordinates to leave military life.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication ddr practitioner recognize rankandfile member armed force group often receive information ddr immediate commander may incentive provide disinformation ddr reluctant subordinate leave military life ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 Primary audience (participants and beneficiaries)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following stakeholders are often the primary audience of a DDR process: \\n The political leadership: This may include the signatories of ceasefires and peace accords, when they are in place. Political leaderships may or may not represent the military branches of their organizations. \\n The military leadership of armed forces and groups: These leaders may have motivations and interests that differ from the political leaderships of these entities. Likewise, within these military leaderships, mid-level commanders may hold their own views concerning the DDR process. DDR practitioners should recognize that the rank-and-file members of armed forces and groups often receive information about DDR from their immediate commanders, who may have incentives to provide disinformation about DDR if they are reluctant for their subordinates to leave military life. \\n Rank-and-file of armed forces and groups: It is important to make the distinction between military leaderships, military commanders, mid-level commanders and their rank-and-file, because their motivations and interests may differ. Testimonials from the successfully demobilized and reintegrated rank-and-file have proven to be effective in informing their peers. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can play an important role in amplifying messages aimed at demonstrating life after war. \\n Women associated with armed groups and forces in non-combat roles: It is important to cater to the information needs of WAAFAG, especially those who have been abducted. Communities, particularly women\u2019s groups, should also be informed about how to further assist women who manage to leave an armed force or group of their own accord. \\n Children associated with armed forces and groups: Individuals in this group need child-friendly, age- and gender-sensitive information to help reassure and safely remove those who are illegally held by an armed force or group. Communities, local authorities and police should also be informed about how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed groups, as well as about protocols to ensure the protection of children and their prompt handover to child protection services. \\n Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities: Information and sensitization to opportunities to access and participate in DDR should reach this group. Families and communities should also be informed on how to support the reintegration of persons with disabilities. \\n Youth at risk of recruitment: In countries affected by conflict, youth are both a force for positive change and, at the same time, a group that may be vulnerable to being drawn into renewed violence. When PI\/SC strategies focus only on children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth are missed. \\n Local authorities and receiving communities: Enabling the smooth reintegration of DDR participants into their communities is vital to the success of DDR. Communities and their leaders also have an important role to play in other local-level DDR activities, such as CVR programmes and transitional WAM as well as community-based reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":936, "Sentence":"\\n Rank-and-file of armed forces and groups: It is important to make the distinction between military leaderships, military commanders, mid-level commanders and their rank-and-file, because their motivations and interests may differ.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n rankandfile armed force group important make distinction military leadership military commander midlevel commander rankandfile motivation interest may differ ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 Primary audience (participants and beneficiaries)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following stakeholders are often the primary audience of a DDR process: \\n The political leadership: This may include the signatories of ceasefires and peace accords, when they are in place. Political leaderships may or may not represent the military branches of their organizations. \\n The military leadership of armed forces and groups: These leaders may have motivations and interests that differ from the political leaderships of these entities. Likewise, within these military leaderships, mid-level commanders may hold their own views concerning the DDR process. DDR practitioners should recognize that the rank-and-file members of armed forces and groups often receive information about DDR from their immediate commanders, who may have incentives to provide disinformation about DDR if they are reluctant for their subordinates to leave military life. \\n Rank-and-file of armed forces and groups: It is important to make the distinction between military leaderships, military commanders, mid-level commanders and their rank-and-file, because their motivations and interests may differ. Testimonials from the successfully demobilized and reintegrated rank-and-file have proven to be effective in informing their peers. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can play an important role in amplifying messages aimed at demonstrating life after war. \\n Women associated with armed groups and forces in non-combat roles: It is important to cater to the information needs of WAAFAG, especially those who have been abducted. Communities, particularly women\u2019s groups, should also be informed about how to further assist women who manage to leave an armed force or group of their own accord. \\n Children associated with armed forces and groups: Individuals in this group need child-friendly, age- and gender-sensitive information to help reassure and safely remove those who are illegally held by an armed force or group. Communities, local authorities and police should also be informed about how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed groups, as well as about protocols to ensure the protection of children and their prompt handover to child protection services. \\n Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities: Information and sensitization to opportunities to access and participate in DDR should reach this group. Families and communities should also be informed on how to support the reintegration of persons with disabilities. \\n Youth at risk of recruitment: In countries affected by conflict, youth are both a force for positive change and, at the same time, a group that may be vulnerable to being drawn into renewed violence. When PI\/SC strategies focus only on children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth are missed. \\n Local authorities and receiving communities: Enabling the smooth reintegration of DDR participants into their communities is vital to the success of DDR. Communities and their leaders also have an important role to play in other local-level DDR activities, such as CVR programmes and transitional WAM as well as community-based reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":936, "Sentence":"Testimonials from the successfully demobilized and reintegrated rank-and-file have proven to be effective in informing their peers.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication testimonial successfully demobilized reintegrated rankandfile proven effective informing peer ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 Primary audience (participants and beneficiaries)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following stakeholders are often the primary audience of a DDR process: \\n The political leadership: This may include the signatories of ceasefires and peace accords, when they are in place. Political leaderships may or may not represent the military branches of their organizations. \\n The military leadership of armed forces and groups: These leaders may have motivations and interests that differ from the political leaderships of these entities. Likewise, within these military leaderships, mid-level commanders may hold their own views concerning the DDR process. DDR practitioners should recognize that the rank-and-file members of armed forces and groups often receive information about DDR from their immediate commanders, who may have incentives to provide disinformation about DDR if they are reluctant for their subordinates to leave military life. \\n Rank-and-file of armed forces and groups: It is important to make the distinction between military leaderships, military commanders, mid-level commanders and their rank-and-file, because their motivations and interests may differ. Testimonials from the successfully demobilized and reintegrated rank-and-file have proven to be effective in informing their peers. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can play an important role in amplifying messages aimed at demonstrating life after war. \\n Women associated with armed groups and forces in non-combat roles: It is important to cater to the information needs of WAAFAG, especially those who have been abducted. Communities, particularly women\u2019s groups, should also be informed about how to further assist women who manage to leave an armed force or group of their own accord. \\n Children associated with armed forces and groups: Individuals in this group need child-friendly, age- and gender-sensitive information to help reassure and safely remove those who are illegally held by an armed force or group. Communities, local authorities and police should also be informed about how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed groups, as well as about protocols to ensure the protection of children and their prompt handover to child protection services. \\n Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities: Information and sensitization to opportunities to access and participate in DDR should reach this group. Families and communities should also be informed on how to support the reintegration of persons with disabilities. \\n Youth at risk of recruitment: In countries affected by conflict, youth are both a force for positive change and, at the same time, a group that may be vulnerable to being drawn into renewed violence. When PI\/SC strategies focus only on children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth are missed. \\n Local authorities and receiving communities: Enabling the smooth reintegration of DDR participants into their communities is vital to the success of DDR. Communities and their leaders also have an important role to play in other local-level DDR activities, such as CVR programmes and transitional WAM as well as community-based reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":936, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can play an important role in amplifying messages aimed at demonstrating life after war.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication excombatants person formerly associated armed force group play important role amplifying message aimed demonstrating life war ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 Primary audience (participants and beneficiaries)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following stakeholders are often the primary audience of a DDR process: \\n The political leadership: This may include the signatories of ceasefires and peace accords, when they are in place. Political leaderships may or may not represent the military branches of their organizations. \\n The military leadership of armed forces and groups: These leaders may have motivations and interests that differ from the political leaderships of these entities. Likewise, within these military leaderships, mid-level commanders may hold their own views concerning the DDR process. DDR practitioners should recognize that the rank-and-file members of armed forces and groups often receive information about DDR from their immediate commanders, who may have incentives to provide disinformation about DDR if they are reluctant for their subordinates to leave military life. \\n Rank-and-file of armed forces and groups: It is important to make the distinction between military leaderships, military commanders, mid-level commanders and their rank-and-file, because their motivations and interests may differ. Testimonials from the successfully demobilized and reintegrated rank-and-file have proven to be effective in informing their peers. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can play an important role in amplifying messages aimed at demonstrating life after war. \\n Women associated with armed groups and forces in non-combat roles: It is important to cater to the information needs of WAAFAG, especially those who have been abducted. Communities, particularly women\u2019s groups, should also be informed about how to further assist women who manage to leave an armed force or group of their own accord. \\n Children associated with armed forces and groups: Individuals in this group need child-friendly, age- and gender-sensitive information to help reassure and safely remove those who are illegally held by an armed force or group. Communities, local authorities and police should also be informed about how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed groups, as well as about protocols to ensure the protection of children and their prompt handover to child protection services. \\n Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities: Information and sensitization to opportunities to access and participate in DDR should reach this group. Families and communities should also be informed on how to support the reintegration of persons with disabilities. \\n Youth at risk of recruitment: In countries affected by conflict, youth are both a force for positive change and, at the same time, a group that may be vulnerable to being drawn into renewed violence. When PI\/SC strategies focus only on children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth are missed. \\n Local authorities and receiving communities: Enabling the smooth reintegration of DDR participants into their communities is vital to the success of DDR. Communities and their leaders also have an important role to play in other local-level DDR activities, such as CVR programmes and transitional WAM as well as community-based reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":936, "Sentence":"\\n Women associated with armed groups and forces in non-combat roles: It is important to cater to the information needs of WAAFAG, especially those who have been abducted.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n woman associated armed group force noncombat role important cater information need waafag especially abducted ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 Primary audience (participants and beneficiaries)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following stakeholders are often the primary audience of a DDR process: \\n The political leadership: This may include the signatories of ceasefires and peace accords, when they are in place. Political leaderships may or may not represent the military branches of their organizations. \\n The military leadership of armed forces and groups: These leaders may have motivations and interests that differ from the political leaderships of these entities. Likewise, within these military leaderships, mid-level commanders may hold their own views concerning the DDR process. DDR practitioners should recognize that the rank-and-file members of armed forces and groups often receive information about DDR from their immediate commanders, who may have incentives to provide disinformation about DDR if they are reluctant for their subordinates to leave military life. \\n Rank-and-file of armed forces and groups: It is important to make the distinction between military leaderships, military commanders, mid-level commanders and their rank-and-file, because their motivations and interests may differ. Testimonials from the successfully demobilized and reintegrated rank-and-file have proven to be effective in informing their peers. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can play an important role in amplifying messages aimed at demonstrating life after war. \\n Women associated with armed groups and forces in non-combat roles: It is important to cater to the information needs of WAAFAG, especially those who have been abducted. Communities, particularly women\u2019s groups, should also be informed about how to further assist women who manage to leave an armed force or group of their own accord. \\n Children associated with armed forces and groups: Individuals in this group need child-friendly, age- and gender-sensitive information to help reassure and safely remove those who are illegally held by an armed force or group. Communities, local authorities and police should also be informed about how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed groups, as well as about protocols to ensure the protection of children and their prompt handover to child protection services. \\n Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities: Information and sensitization to opportunities to access and participate in DDR should reach this group. Families and communities should also be informed on how to support the reintegration of persons with disabilities. \\n Youth at risk of recruitment: In countries affected by conflict, youth are both a force for positive change and, at the same time, a group that may be vulnerable to being drawn into renewed violence. When PI\/SC strategies focus only on children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth are missed. \\n Local authorities and receiving communities: Enabling the smooth reintegration of DDR participants into their communities is vital to the success of DDR. Communities and their leaders also have an important role to play in other local-level DDR activities, such as CVR programmes and transitional WAM as well as community-based reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":936, "Sentence":"Communities, particularly women\u2019s groups, should also be informed about how to further assist women who manage to leave an armed force or group of their own accord.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication community particularly woman \u2019 group also informed assist woman manage leave armed force group accord ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 Primary audience (participants and beneficiaries)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following stakeholders are often the primary audience of a DDR process: \\n The political leadership: This may include the signatories of ceasefires and peace accords, when they are in place. Political leaderships may or may not represent the military branches of their organizations. \\n The military leadership of armed forces and groups: These leaders may have motivations and interests that differ from the political leaderships of these entities. Likewise, within these military leaderships, mid-level commanders may hold their own views concerning the DDR process. DDR practitioners should recognize that the rank-and-file members of armed forces and groups often receive information about DDR from their immediate commanders, who may have incentives to provide disinformation about DDR if they are reluctant for their subordinates to leave military life. \\n Rank-and-file of armed forces and groups: It is important to make the distinction between military leaderships, military commanders, mid-level commanders and their rank-and-file, because their motivations and interests may differ. Testimonials from the successfully demobilized and reintegrated rank-and-file have proven to be effective in informing their peers. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can play an important role in amplifying messages aimed at demonstrating life after war. \\n Women associated with armed groups and forces in non-combat roles: It is important to cater to the information needs of WAAFAG, especially those who have been abducted. Communities, particularly women\u2019s groups, should also be informed about how to further assist women who manage to leave an armed force or group of their own accord. \\n Children associated with armed forces and groups: Individuals in this group need child-friendly, age- and gender-sensitive information to help reassure and safely remove those who are illegally held by an armed force or group. Communities, local authorities and police should also be informed about how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed groups, as well as about protocols to ensure the protection of children and their prompt handover to child protection services. \\n Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities: Information and sensitization to opportunities to access and participate in DDR should reach this group. Families and communities should also be informed on how to support the reintegration of persons with disabilities. \\n Youth at risk of recruitment: In countries affected by conflict, youth are both a force for positive change and, at the same time, a group that may be vulnerable to being drawn into renewed violence. When PI\/SC strategies focus only on children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth are missed. \\n Local authorities and receiving communities: Enabling the smooth reintegration of DDR participants into their communities is vital to the success of DDR. Communities and their leaders also have an important role to play in other local-level DDR activities, such as CVR programmes and transitional WAM as well as community-based reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":936, "Sentence":"\\n Children associated with armed forces and groups: Individuals in this group need child-friendly, age- and gender-sensitive information to help reassure and safely remove those who are illegally held by an armed force or group.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n child associated armed force group individual group need childfriendly age gendersensitive information help reassure safely remove illegally held armed force group ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 Primary audience (participants and beneficiaries)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following stakeholders are often the primary audience of a DDR process: \\n The political leadership: This may include the signatories of ceasefires and peace accords, when they are in place. Political leaderships may or may not represent the military branches of their organizations. \\n The military leadership of armed forces and groups: These leaders may have motivations and interests that differ from the political leaderships of these entities. Likewise, within these military leaderships, mid-level commanders may hold their own views concerning the DDR process. DDR practitioners should recognize that the rank-and-file members of armed forces and groups often receive information about DDR from their immediate commanders, who may have incentives to provide disinformation about DDR if they are reluctant for their subordinates to leave military life. \\n Rank-and-file of armed forces and groups: It is important to make the distinction between military leaderships, military commanders, mid-level commanders and their rank-and-file, because their motivations and interests may differ. Testimonials from the successfully demobilized and reintegrated rank-and-file have proven to be effective in informing their peers. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can play an important role in amplifying messages aimed at demonstrating life after war. \\n Women associated with armed groups and forces in non-combat roles: It is important to cater to the information needs of WAAFAG, especially those who have been abducted. Communities, particularly women\u2019s groups, should also be informed about how to further assist women who manage to leave an armed force or group of their own accord. \\n Children associated with armed forces and groups: Individuals in this group need child-friendly, age- and gender-sensitive information to help reassure and safely remove those who are illegally held by an armed force or group. Communities, local authorities and police should also be informed about how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed groups, as well as about protocols to ensure the protection of children and their prompt handover to child protection services. \\n Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities: Information and sensitization to opportunities to access and participate in DDR should reach this group. Families and communities should also be informed on how to support the reintegration of persons with disabilities. \\n Youth at risk of recruitment: In countries affected by conflict, youth are both a force for positive change and, at the same time, a group that may be vulnerable to being drawn into renewed violence. When PI\/SC strategies focus only on children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth are missed. \\n Local authorities and receiving communities: Enabling the smooth reintegration of DDR participants into their communities is vital to the success of DDR. Communities and their leaders also have an important role to play in other local-level DDR activities, such as CVR programmes and transitional WAM as well as community-based reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":936, "Sentence":"Communities, local authorities and police should also be informed about how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed groups, as well as about protocols to ensure the protection of children and their prompt handover to child protection services.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication community local authority police also informed assist child exited released armed group well protocol ensure protection child prompt handover child protection service ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 Primary audience (participants and beneficiaries)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following stakeholders are often the primary audience of a DDR process: \\n The political leadership: This may include the signatories of ceasefires and peace accords, when they are in place. Political leaderships may or may not represent the military branches of their organizations. \\n The military leadership of armed forces and groups: These leaders may have motivations and interests that differ from the political leaderships of these entities. Likewise, within these military leaderships, mid-level commanders may hold their own views concerning the DDR process. DDR practitioners should recognize that the rank-and-file members of armed forces and groups often receive information about DDR from their immediate commanders, who may have incentives to provide disinformation about DDR if they are reluctant for their subordinates to leave military life. \\n Rank-and-file of armed forces and groups: It is important to make the distinction between military leaderships, military commanders, mid-level commanders and their rank-and-file, because their motivations and interests may differ. Testimonials from the successfully demobilized and reintegrated rank-and-file have proven to be effective in informing their peers. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can play an important role in amplifying messages aimed at demonstrating life after war. \\n Women associated with armed groups and forces in non-combat roles: It is important to cater to the information needs of WAAFAG, especially those who have been abducted. Communities, particularly women\u2019s groups, should also be informed about how to further assist women who manage to leave an armed force or group of their own accord. \\n Children associated with armed forces and groups: Individuals in this group need child-friendly, age- and gender-sensitive information to help reassure and safely remove those who are illegally held by an armed force or group. Communities, local authorities and police should also be informed about how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed groups, as well as about protocols to ensure the protection of children and their prompt handover to child protection services. \\n Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities: Information and sensitization to opportunities to access and participate in DDR should reach this group. Families and communities should also be informed on how to support the reintegration of persons with disabilities. \\n Youth at risk of recruitment: In countries affected by conflict, youth are both a force for positive change and, at the same time, a group that may be vulnerable to being drawn into renewed violence. When PI\/SC strategies focus only on children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth are missed. \\n Local authorities and receiving communities: Enabling the smooth reintegration of DDR participants into their communities is vital to the success of DDR. Communities and their leaders also have an important role to play in other local-level DDR activities, such as CVR programmes and transitional WAM as well as community-based reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":936, "Sentence":"\\n Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities: Information and sensitization to opportunities to access and participate in DDR should reach this group.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n excombatants person formerly associated armed force group disability information sensitization opportunity access participate ddr reach group ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 Primary audience (participants and beneficiaries)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following stakeholders are often the primary audience of a DDR process: \\n The political leadership: This may include the signatories of ceasefires and peace accords, when they are in place. Political leaderships may or may not represent the military branches of their organizations. \\n The military leadership of armed forces and groups: These leaders may have motivations and interests that differ from the political leaderships of these entities. Likewise, within these military leaderships, mid-level commanders may hold their own views concerning the DDR process. DDR practitioners should recognize that the rank-and-file members of armed forces and groups often receive information about DDR from their immediate commanders, who may have incentives to provide disinformation about DDR if they are reluctant for their subordinates to leave military life. \\n Rank-and-file of armed forces and groups: It is important to make the distinction between military leaderships, military commanders, mid-level commanders and their rank-and-file, because their motivations and interests may differ. Testimonials from the successfully demobilized and reintegrated rank-and-file have proven to be effective in informing their peers. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can play an important role in amplifying messages aimed at demonstrating life after war. \\n Women associated with armed groups and forces in non-combat roles: It is important to cater to the information needs of WAAFAG, especially those who have been abducted. Communities, particularly women\u2019s groups, should also be informed about how to further assist women who manage to leave an armed force or group of their own accord. \\n Children associated with armed forces and groups: Individuals in this group need child-friendly, age- and gender-sensitive information to help reassure and safely remove those who are illegally held by an armed force or group. Communities, local authorities and police should also be informed about how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed groups, as well as about protocols to ensure the protection of children and their prompt handover to child protection services. \\n Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities: Information and sensitization to opportunities to access and participate in DDR should reach this group. Families and communities should also be informed on how to support the reintegration of persons with disabilities. \\n Youth at risk of recruitment: In countries affected by conflict, youth are both a force for positive change and, at the same time, a group that may be vulnerable to being drawn into renewed violence. When PI\/SC strategies focus only on children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth are missed. \\n Local authorities and receiving communities: Enabling the smooth reintegration of DDR participants into their communities is vital to the success of DDR. Communities and their leaders also have an important role to play in other local-level DDR activities, such as CVR programmes and transitional WAM as well as community-based reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":936, "Sentence":"Families and communities should also be informed on how to support the reintegration of persons with disabilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication family community also informed support reintegration person disability ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 Primary audience (participants and beneficiaries)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following stakeholders are often the primary audience of a DDR process: \\n The political leadership: This may include the signatories of ceasefires and peace accords, when they are in place. Political leaderships may or may not represent the military branches of their organizations. \\n The military leadership of armed forces and groups: These leaders may have motivations and interests that differ from the political leaderships of these entities. Likewise, within these military leaderships, mid-level commanders may hold their own views concerning the DDR process. DDR practitioners should recognize that the rank-and-file members of armed forces and groups often receive information about DDR from their immediate commanders, who may have incentives to provide disinformation about DDR if they are reluctant for their subordinates to leave military life. \\n Rank-and-file of armed forces and groups: It is important to make the distinction between military leaderships, military commanders, mid-level commanders and their rank-and-file, because their motivations and interests may differ. Testimonials from the successfully demobilized and reintegrated rank-and-file have proven to be effective in informing their peers. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can play an important role in amplifying messages aimed at demonstrating life after war. \\n Women associated with armed groups and forces in non-combat roles: It is important to cater to the information needs of WAAFAG, especially those who have been abducted. Communities, particularly women\u2019s groups, should also be informed about how to further assist women who manage to leave an armed force or group of their own accord. \\n Children associated with armed forces and groups: Individuals in this group need child-friendly, age- and gender-sensitive information to help reassure and safely remove those who are illegally held by an armed force or group. Communities, local authorities and police should also be informed about how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed groups, as well as about protocols to ensure the protection of children and their prompt handover to child protection services. \\n Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities: Information and sensitization to opportunities to access and participate in DDR should reach this group. Families and communities should also be informed on how to support the reintegration of persons with disabilities. \\n Youth at risk of recruitment: In countries affected by conflict, youth are both a force for positive change and, at the same time, a group that may be vulnerable to being drawn into renewed violence. When PI\/SC strategies focus only on children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth are missed. \\n Local authorities and receiving communities: Enabling the smooth reintegration of DDR participants into their communities is vital to the success of DDR. Communities and their leaders also have an important role to play in other local-level DDR activities, such as CVR programmes and transitional WAM as well as community-based reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":936, "Sentence":"\\n Youth at risk of recruitment: In countries affected by conflict, youth are both a force for positive change and, at the same time, a group that may be vulnerable to being drawn into renewed violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n youth risk recruitment country affected conflict youth force positive change time group may vulnerable drawn renewed violence ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 Primary audience (participants and beneficiaries)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following stakeholders are often the primary audience of a DDR process: \\n The political leadership: This may include the signatories of ceasefires and peace accords, when they are in place. Political leaderships may or may not represent the military branches of their organizations. \\n The military leadership of armed forces and groups: These leaders may have motivations and interests that differ from the political leaderships of these entities. Likewise, within these military leaderships, mid-level commanders may hold their own views concerning the DDR process. DDR practitioners should recognize that the rank-and-file members of armed forces and groups often receive information about DDR from their immediate commanders, who may have incentives to provide disinformation about DDR if they are reluctant for their subordinates to leave military life. \\n Rank-and-file of armed forces and groups: It is important to make the distinction between military leaderships, military commanders, mid-level commanders and their rank-and-file, because their motivations and interests may differ. Testimonials from the successfully demobilized and reintegrated rank-and-file have proven to be effective in informing their peers. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can play an important role in amplifying messages aimed at demonstrating life after war. \\n Women associated with armed groups and forces in non-combat roles: It is important to cater to the information needs of WAAFAG, especially those who have been abducted. Communities, particularly women\u2019s groups, should also be informed about how to further assist women who manage to leave an armed force or group of their own accord. \\n Children associated with armed forces and groups: Individuals in this group need child-friendly, age- and gender-sensitive information to help reassure and safely remove those who are illegally held by an armed force or group. Communities, local authorities and police should also be informed about how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed groups, as well as about protocols to ensure the protection of children and their prompt handover to child protection services. \\n Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities: Information and sensitization to opportunities to access and participate in DDR should reach this group. Families and communities should also be informed on how to support the reintegration of persons with disabilities. \\n Youth at risk of recruitment: In countries affected by conflict, youth are both a force for positive change and, at the same time, a group that may be vulnerable to being drawn into renewed violence. When PI\/SC strategies focus only on children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth are missed. \\n Local authorities and receiving communities: Enabling the smooth reintegration of DDR participants into their communities is vital to the success of DDR. Communities and their leaders also have an important role to play in other local-level DDR activities, such as CVR programmes and transitional WAM as well as community-based reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":936, "Sentence":"When PI\/SC strategies focus only on children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth are missed.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication pi\/sc strategy focus child mature adult specific need experience youth missed ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 Primary audience (participants and beneficiaries)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following stakeholders are often the primary audience of a DDR process: \\n The political leadership: This may include the signatories of ceasefires and peace accords, when they are in place. Political leaderships may or may not represent the military branches of their organizations. \\n The military leadership of armed forces and groups: These leaders may have motivations and interests that differ from the political leaderships of these entities. Likewise, within these military leaderships, mid-level commanders may hold their own views concerning the DDR process. DDR practitioners should recognize that the rank-and-file members of armed forces and groups often receive information about DDR from their immediate commanders, who may have incentives to provide disinformation about DDR if they are reluctant for their subordinates to leave military life. \\n Rank-and-file of armed forces and groups: It is important to make the distinction between military leaderships, military commanders, mid-level commanders and their rank-and-file, because their motivations and interests may differ. Testimonials from the successfully demobilized and reintegrated rank-and-file have proven to be effective in informing their peers. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can play an important role in amplifying messages aimed at demonstrating life after war. \\n Women associated with armed groups and forces in non-combat roles: It is important to cater to the information needs of WAAFAG, especially those who have been abducted. Communities, particularly women\u2019s groups, should also be informed about how to further assist women who manage to leave an armed force or group of their own accord. \\n Children associated with armed forces and groups: Individuals in this group need child-friendly, age- and gender-sensitive information to help reassure and safely remove those who are illegally held by an armed force or group. Communities, local authorities and police should also be informed about how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed groups, as well as about protocols to ensure the protection of children and their prompt handover to child protection services. \\n Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities: Information and sensitization to opportunities to access and participate in DDR should reach this group. Families and communities should also be informed on how to support the reintegration of persons with disabilities. \\n Youth at risk of recruitment: In countries affected by conflict, youth are both a force for positive change and, at the same time, a group that may be vulnerable to being drawn into renewed violence. When PI\/SC strategies focus only on children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth are missed. \\n Local authorities and receiving communities: Enabling the smooth reintegration of DDR participants into their communities is vital to the success of DDR. Communities and their leaders also have an important role to play in other local-level DDR activities, such as CVR programmes and transitional WAM as well as community-based reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":936, "Sentence":"\\n Local authorities and receiving communities: Enabling the smooth reintegration of DDR participants into their communities is vital to the success of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n local authority receiving community enabling smooth reintegration ddr participant community vital success ddr ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.1 Primary audience (participants and beneficiaries)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following stakeholders are often the primary audience of a DDR process: \\n The political leadership: This may include the signatories of ceasefires and peace accords, when they are in place. Political leaderships may or may not represent the military branches of their organizations. \\n The military leadership of armed forces and groups: These leaders may have motivations and interests that differ from the political leaderships of these entities. Likewise, within these military leaderships, mid-level commanders may hold their own views concerning the DDR process. DDR practitioners should recognize that the rank-and-file members of armed forces and groups often receive information about DDR from their immediate commanders, who may have incentives to provide disinformation about DDR if they are reluctant for their subordinates to leave military life. \\n Rank-and-file of armed forces and groups: It is important to make the distinction between military leaderships, military commanders, mid-level commanders and their rank-and-file, because their motivations and interests may differ. Testimonials from the successfully demobilized and reintegrated rank-and-file have proven to be effective in informing their peers. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can play an important role in amplifying messages aimed at demonstrating life after war. \\n Women associated with armed groups and forces in non-combat roles: It is important to cater to the information needs of WAAFAG, especially those who have been abducted. Communities, particularly women\u2019s groups, should also be informed about how to further assist women who manage to leave an armed force or group of their own accord. \\n Children associated with armed forces and groups: Individuals in this group need child-friendly, age- and gender-sensitive information to help reassure and safely remove those who are illegally held by an armed force or group. Communities, local authorities and police should also be informed about how to assist children who have exited or been released from armed groups, as well as about protocols to ensure the protection of children and their prompt handover to child protection services. \\n Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with disabilities: Information and sensitization to opportunities to access and participate in DDR should reach this group. Families and communities should also be informed on how to support the reintegration of persons with disabilities. \\n Youth at risk of recruitment: In countries affected by conflict, youth are both a force for positive change and, at the same time, a group that may be vulnerable to being drawn into renewed violence. When PI\/SC strategies focus only on children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth are missed. \\n Local authorities and receiving communities: Enabling the smooth reintegration of DDR participants into their communities is vital to the success of DDR. Communities and their leaders also have an important role to play in other local-level DDR activities, such as CVR programmes and transitional WAM as well as community-based reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":936, "Sentence":"Communities and their leaders also have an important role to play in other local-level DDR activities, such as CVR programmes and transitional WAM as well as community-based reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication community leader also important role play locallevel ddr activity cvr programme transitional wam well communitybased reintegration support ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Secondary audience (partners)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"In many cases, partnerships with other stakeholders are required to support the design, planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy. The following partners are often the secondary audience of a DDR process; however, depending on the context, they may also be the primary audience (e.g., the international community in a regionalized armed conflict): \\n Civil society: This includes women\u2019s groups, youth groups, local associations and non- governmental organizations that play a role in the DDR process, including those working as implementing partners of national and international governmental institutions. \\n Religious leaders and institutions: The voices of moderate religious leaders can be amplified and coordinated with educators to foster coordination and promote messages of peace and tolerance. \\n Legislative and policy-setting authorities: The legal framework in the country regulating the media can be reviewed and laws put in place to prevent the distribution of messages inciting hate or spreading misinformation. If this approach is used, care must be taken to ensure that civil and political rights are not affected. \\n International and local media: International and local media are often the main source of information on progress in the peace process. Keeping both media segments supplied with accurate and up-to-date information on the planning and implementation of DDR is important in order to increase support for the process and avoid bad press. The media are also key whistleblowers that can identify, expose and denounce potential spoilers of the peace process. \\n Private sector: Companies in the private sector can also be important amplifiers and partners, for example, by generating specific recruitment advertisements in support of reintegration opportunities. Local telecommunication companies and internet service providers can also offer avenues to further disseminate key messages. \\n Opinion leaders\/influencers: In many contexts, opinion leaders are public personalities who actively produce and interpret multiple sources of information to form an opinion. With the advent of social media, these actors generate viewership and large followings through regular programming and online presence. \\n Regional stakeholders: These include Governments, regional organizations, military and political parties of neighbouring countries, civil society in neighboring States, businesses and potential spoilers. \\n The international community: This includes donors, their constituencies (including, if applicable, the diaspora who can influence the direction of DDR), troop-contributing countries, the UN system, international financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and think tanks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":937, "Sentence":"In many cases, partnerships with other stakeholders are required to support the design, planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication many case partnership stakeholder required support design planning implementation pi\/sc strategy ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Secondary audience (partners)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"In many cases, partnerships with other stakeholders are required to support the design, planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy. The following partners are often the secondary audience of a DDR process; however, depending on the context, they may also be the primary audience (e.g., the international community in a regionalized armed conflict): \\n Civil society: This includes women\u2019s groups, youth groups, local associations and non- governmental organizations that play a role in the DDR process, including those working as implementing partners of national and international governmental institutions. \\n Religious leaders and institutions: The voices of moderate religious leaders can be amplified and coordinated with educators to foster coordination and promote messages of peace and tolerance. \\n Legislative and policy-setting authorities: The legal framework in the country regulating the media can be reviewed and laws put in place to prevent the distribution of messages inciting hate or spreading misinformation. If this approach is used, care must be taken to ensure that civil and political rights are not affected. \\n International and local media: International and local media are often the main source of information on progress in the peace process. Keeping both media segments supplied with accurate and up-to-date information on the planning and implementation of DDR is important in order to increase support for the process and avoid bad press. The media are also key whistleblowers that can identify, expose and denounce potential spoilers of the peace process. \\n Private sector: Companies in the private sector can also be important amplifiers and partners, for example, by generating specific recruitment advertisements in support of reintegration opportunities. Local telecommunication companies and internet service providers can also offer avenues to further disseminate key messages. \\n Opinion leaders\/influencers: In many contexts, opinion leaders are public personalities who actively produce and interpret multiple sources of information to form an opinion. With the advent of social media, these actors generate viewership and large followings through regular programming and online presence. \\n Regional stakeholders: These include Governments, regional organizations, military and political parties of neighbouring countries, civil society in neighboring States, businesses and potential spoilers. \\n The international community: This includes donors, their constituencies (including, if applicable, the diaspora who can influence the direction of DDR), troop-contributing countries, the UN system, international financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and think tanks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":937, "Sentence":"The following partners are often the secondary audience of a DDR process; however, depending on the context, they may also be the primary audience (e.g., the international community in a regionalized armed conflict): \\n Civil society: This includes women\u2019s groups, youth groups, local associations and non- governmental organizations that play a role in the DDR process, including those working as implementing partners of national and international governmental institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication following partner often secondary audience ddr process however depending context may also primary audience e.g . international community regionalized armed conflict n civil society includes woman \u2019 group youth group local association non governmental organization play role ddr process including working implementing partner national international governmental institution ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Secondary audience (partners)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"In many cases, partnerships with other stakeholders are required to support the design, planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy. The following partners are often the secondary audience of a DDR process; however, depending on the context, they may also be the primary audience (e.g., the international community in a regionalized armed conflict): \\n Civil society: This includes women\u2019s groups, youth groups, local associations and non- governmental organizations that play a role in the DDR process, including those working as implementing partners of national and international governmental institutions. \\n Religious leaders and institutions: The voices of moderate religious leaders can be amplified and coordinated with educators to foster coordination and promote messages of peace and tolerance. \\n Legislative and policy-setting authorities: The legal framework in the country regulating the media can be reviewed and laws put in place to prevent the distribution of messages inciting hate or spreading misinformation. If this approach is used, care must be taken to ensure that civil and political rights are not affected. \\n International and local media: International and local media are often the main source of information on progress in the peace process. Keeping both media segments supplied with accurate and up-to-date information on the planning and implementation of DDR is important in order to increase support for the process and avoid bad press. The media are also key whistleblowers that can identify, expose and denounce potential spoilers of the peace process. \\n Private sector: Companies in the private sector can also be important amplifiers and partners, for example, by generating specific recruitment advertisements in support of reintegration opportunities. Local telecommunication companies and internet service providers can also offer avenues to further disseminate key messages. \\n Opinion leaders\/influencers: In many contexts, opinion leaders are public personalities who actively produce and interpret multiple sources of information to form an opinion. With the advent of social media, these actors generate viewership and large followings through regular programming and online presence. \\n Regional stakeholders: These include Governments, regional organizations, military and political parties of neighbouring countries, civil society in neighboring States, businesses and potential spoilers. \\n The international community: This includes donors, their constituencies (including, if applicable, the diaspora who can influence the direction of DDR), troop-contributing countries, the UN system, international financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and think tanks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":937, "Sentence":"\\n Religious leaders and institutions: The voices of moderate religious leaders can be amplified and coordinated with educators to foster coordination and promote messages of peace and tolerance.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n religious leader institution voice moderate religious leader amplified coordinated educator foster coordination promote message peace tolerance ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Secondary audience (partners)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"In many cases, partnerships with other stakeholders are required to support the design, planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy. The following partners are often the secondary audience of a DDR process; however, depending on the context, they may also be the primary audience (e.g., the international community in a regionalized armed conflict): \\n Civil society: This includes women\u2019s groups, youth groups, local associations and non- governmental organizations that play a role in the DDR process, including those working as implementing partners of national and international governmental institutions. \\n Religious leaders and institutions: The voices of moderate religious leaders can be amplified and coordinated with educators to foster coordination and promote messages of peace and tolerance. \\n Legislative and policy-setting authorities: The legal framework in the country regulating the media can be reviewed and laws put in place to prevent the distribution of messages inciting hate or spreading misinformation. If this approach is used, care must be taken to ensure that civil and political rights are not affected. \\n International and local media: International and local media are often the main source of information on progress in the peace process. Keeping both media segments supplied with accurate and up-to-date information on the planning and implementation of DDR is important in order to increase support for the process and avoid bad press. The media are also key whistleblowers that can identify, expose and denounce potential spoilers of the peace process. \\n Private sector: Companies in the private sector can also be important amplifiers and partners, for example, by generating specific recruitment advertisements in support of reintegration opportunities. Local telecommunication companies and internet service providers can also offer avenues to further disseminate key messages. \\n Opinion leaders\/influencers: In many contexts, opinion leaders are public personalities who actively produce and interpret multiple sources of information to form an opinion. With the advent of social media, these actors generate viewership and large followings through regular programming and online presence. \\n Regional stakeholders: These include Governments, regional organizations, military and political parties of neighbouring countries, civil society in neighboring States, businesses and potential spoilers. \\n The international community: This includes donors, their constituencies (including, if applicable, the diaspora who can influence the direction of DDR), troop-contributing countries, the UN system, international financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and think tanks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":937, "Sentence":"\\n Legislative and policy-setting authorities: The legal framework in the country regulating the media can be reviewed and laws put in place to prevent the distribution of messages inciting hate or spreading misinformation.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n legislative policysetting authority legal framework country regulating medium reviewed law put place prevent distribution message inciting hate spreading misinformation ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Secondary audience (partners)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"In many cases, partnerships with other stakeholders are required to support the design, planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy. The following partners are often the secondary audience of a DDR process; however, depending on the context, they may also be the primary audience (e.g., the international community in a regionalized armed conflict): \\n Civil society: This includes women\u2019s groups, youth groups, local associations and non- governmental organizations that play a role in the DDR process, including those working as implementing partners of national and international governmental institutions. \\n Religious leaders and institutions: The voices of moderate religious leaders can be amplified and coordinated with educators to foster coordination and promote messages of peace and tolerance. \\n Legislative and policy-setting authorities: The legal framework in the country regulating the media can be reviewed and laws put in place to prevent the distribution of messages inciting hate or spreading misinformation. If this approach is used, care must be taken to ensure that civil and political rights are not affected. \\n International and local media: International and local media are often the main source of information on progress in the peace process. Keeping both media segments supplied with accurate and up-to-date information on the planning and implementation of DDR is important in order to increase support for the process and avoid bad press. The media are also key whistleblowers that can identify, expose and denounce potential spoilers of the peace process. \\n Private sector: Companies in the private sector can also be important amplifiers and partners, for example, by generating specific recruitment advertisements in support of reintegration opportunities. Local telecommunication companies and internet service providers can also offer avenues to further disseminate key messages. \\n Opinion leaders\/influencers: In many contexts, opinion leaders are public personalities who actively produce and interpret multiple sources of information to form an opinion. With the advent of social media, these actors generate viewership and large followings through regular programming and online presence. \\n Regional stakeholders: These include Governments, regional organizations, military and political parties of neighbouring countries, civil society in neighboring States, businesses and potential spoilers. \\n The international community: This includes donors, their constituencies (including, if applicable, the diaspora who can influence the direction of DDR), troop-contributing countries, the UN system, international financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and think tanks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":937, "Sentence":"If this approach is used, care must be taken to ensure that civil and political rights are not affected.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication approach used care must taken ensure civil political right affected ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Secondary audience (partners)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"In many cases, partnerships with other stakeholders are required to support the design, planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy. The following partners are often the secondary audience of a DDR process; however, depending on the context, they may also be the primary audience (e.g., the international community in a regionalized armed conflict): \\n Civil society: This includes women\u2019s groups, youth groups, local associations and non- governmental organizations that play a role in the DDR process, including those working as implementing partners of national and international governmental institutions. \\n Religious leaders and institutions: The voices of moderate religious leaders can be amplified and coordinated with educators to foster coordination and promote messages of peace and tolerance. \\n Legislative and policy-setting authorities: The legal framework in the country regulating the media can be reviewed and laws put in place to prevent the distribution of messages inciting hate or spreading misinformation. If this approach is used, care must be taken to ensure that civil and political rights are not affected. \\n International and local media: International and local media are often the main source of information on progress in the peace process. Keeping both media segments supplied with accurate and up-to-date information on the planning and implementation of DDR is important in order to increase support for the process and avoid bad press. The media are also key whistleblowers that can identify, expose and denounce potential spoilers of the peace process. \\n Private sector: Companies in the private sector can also be important amplifiers and partners, for example, by generating specific recruitment advertisements in support of reintegration opportunities. Local telecommunication companies and internet service providers can also offer avenues to further disseminate key messages. \\n Opinion leaders\/influencers: In many contexts, opinion leaders are public personalities who actively produce and interpret multiple sources of information to form an opinion. With the advent of social media, these actors generate viewership and large followings through regular programming and online presence. \\n Regional stakeholders: These include Governments, regional organizations, military and political parties of neighbouring countries, civil society in neighboring States, businesses and potential spoilers. \\n The international community: This includes donors, their constituencies (including, if applicable, the diaspora who can influence the direction of DDR), troop-contributing countries, the UN system, international financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and think tanks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":937, "Sentence":"\\n International and local media: International and local media are often the main source of information on progress in the peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n international local medium international local medium often main source information progress peace process ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Secondary audience (partners)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"In many cases, partnerships with other stakeholders are required to support the design, planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy. The following partners are often the secondary audience of a DDR process; however, depending on the context, they may also be the primary audience (e.g., the international community in a regionalized armed conflict): \\n Civil society: This includes women\u2019s groups, youth groups, local associations and non- governmental organizations that play a role in the DDR process, including those working as implementing partners of national and international governmental institutions. \\n Religious leaders and institutions: The voices of moderate religious leaders can be amplified and coordinated with educators to foster coordination and promote messages of peace and tolerance. \\n Legislative and policy-setting authorities: The legal framework in the country regulating the media can be reviewed and laws put in place to prevent the distribution of messages inciting hate or spreading misinformation. If this approach is used, care must be taken to ensure that civil and political rights are not affected. \\n International and local media: International and local media are often the main source of information on progress in the peace process. Keeping both media segments supplied with accurate and up-to-date information on the planning and implementation of DDR is important in order to increase support for the process and avoid bad press. The media are also key whistleblowers that can identify, expose and denounce potential spoilers of the peace process. \\n Private sector: Companies in the private sector can also be important amplifiers and partners, for example, by generating specific recruitment advertisements in support of reintegration opportunities. Local telecommunication companies and internet service providers can also offer avenues to further disseminate key messages. \\n Opinion leaders\/influencers: In many contexts, opinion leaders are public personalities who actively produce and interpret multiple sources of information to form an opinion. With the advent of social media, these actors generate viewership and large followings through regular programming and online presence. \\n Regional stakeholders: These include Governments, regional organizations, military and political parties of neighbouring countries, civil society in neighboring States, businesses and potential spoilers. \\n The international community: This includes donors, their constituencies (including, if applicable, the diaspora who can influence the direction of DDR), troop-contributing countries, the UN system, international financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and think tanks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":937, "Sentence":"Keeping both media segments supplied with accurate and up-to-date information on the planning and implementation of DDR is important in order to increase support for the process and avoid bad press.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication keeping medium segment supplied accurate uptodate information planning implementation ddr important order increase support process avoid bad press ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Secondary audience (partners)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"In many cases, partnerships with other stakeholders are required to support the design, planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy. The following partners are often the secondary audience of a DDR process; however, depending on the context, they may also be the primary audience (e.g., the international community in a regionalized armed conflict): \\n Civil society: This includes women\u2019s groups, youth groups, local associations and non- governmental organizations that play a role in the DDR process, including those working as implementing partners of national and international governmental institutions. \\n Religious leaders and institutions: The voices of moderate religious leaders can be amplified and coordinated with educators to foster coordination and promote messages of peace and tolerance. \\n Legislative and policy-setting authorities: The legal framework in the country regulating the media can be reviewed and laws put in place to prevent the distribution of messages inciting hate or spreading misinformation. If this approach is used, care must be taken to ensure that civil and political rights are not affected. \\n International and local media: International and local media are often the main source of information on progress in the peace process. Keeping both media segments supplied with accurate and up-to-date information on the planning and implementation of DDR is important in order to increase support for the process and avoid bad press. The media are also key whistleblowers that can identify, expose and denounce potential spoilers of the peace process. \\n Private sector: Companies in the private sector can also be important amplifiers and partners, for example, by generating specific recruitment advertisements in support of reintegration opportunities. Local telecommunication companies and internet service providers can also offer avenues to further disseminate key messages. \\n Opinion leaders\/influencers: In many contexts, opinion leaders are public personalities who actively produce and interpret multiple sources of information to form an opinion. With the advent of social media, these actors generate viewership and large followings through regular programming and online presence. \\n Regional stakeholders: These include Governments, regional organizations, military and political parties of neighbouring countries, civil society in neighboring States, businesses and potential spoilers. \\n The international community: This includes donors, their constituencies (including, if applicable, the diaspora who can influence the direction of DDR), troop-contributing countries, the UN system, international financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and think tanks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":937, "Sentence":"The media are also key whistleblowers that can identify, expose and denounce potential spoilers of the peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication medium also key whistleblower identify expose denounce potential spoiler peace process ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Secondary audience (partners)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"In many cases, partnerships with other stakeholders are required to support the design, planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy. The following partners are often the secondary audience of a DDR process; however, depending on the context, they may also be the primary audience (e.g., the international community in a regionalized armed conflict): \\n Civil society: This includes women\u2019s groups, youth groups, local associations and non- governmental organizations that play a role in the DDR process, including those working as implementing partners of national and international governmental institutions. \\n Religious leaders and institutions: The voices of moderate religious leaders can be amplified and coordinated with educators to foster coordination and promote messages of peace and tolerance. \\n Legislative and policy-setting authorities: The legal framework in the country regulating the media can be reviewed and laws put in place to prevent the distribution of messages inciting hate or spreading misinformation. If this approach is used, care must be taken to ensure that civil and political rights are not affected. \\n International and local media: International and local media are often the main source of information on progress in the peace process. Keeping both media segments supplied with accurate and up-to-date information on the planning and implementation of DDR is important in order to increase support for the process and avoid bad press. The media are also key whistleblowers that can identify, expose and denounce potential spoilers of the peace process. \\n Private sector: Companies in the private sector can also be important amplifiers and partners, for example, by generating specific recruitment advertisements in support of reintegration opportunities. Local telecommunication companies and internet service providers can also offer avenues to further disseminate key messages. \\n Opinion leaders\/influencers: In many contexts, opinion leaders are public personalities who actively produce and interpret multiple sources of information to form an opinion. With the advent of social media, these actors generate viewership and large followings through regular programming and online presence. \\n Regional stakeholders: These include Governments, regional organizations, military and political parties of neighbouring countries, civil society in neighboring States, businesses and potential spoilers. \\n The international community: This includes donors, their constituencies (including, if applicable, the diaspora who can influence the direction of DDR), troop-contributing countries, the UN system, international financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and think tanks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":937, "Sentence":"\\n Private sector: Companies in the private sector can also be important amplifiers and partners, for example, by generating specific recruitment advertisements in support of reintegration opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n private sector company private sector also important amplifier partner example generating specific recruitment advertisement support reintegration opportunity ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Secondary audience (partners)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"In many cases, partnerships with other stakeholders are required to support the design, planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy. The following partners are often the secondary audience of a DDR process; however, depending on the context, they may also be the primary audience (e.g., the international community in a regionalized armed conflict): \\n Civil society: This includes women\u2019s groups, youth groups, local associations and non- governmental organizations that play a role in the DDR process, including those working as implementing partners of national and international governmental institutions. \\n Religious leaders and institutions: The voices of moderate religious leaders can be amplified and coordinated with educators to foster coordination and promote messages of peace and tolerance. \\n Legislative and policy-setting authorities: The legal framework in the country regulating the media can be reviewed and laws put in place to prevent the distribution of messages inciting hate or spreading misinformation. If this approach is used, care must be taken to ensure that civil and political rights are not affected. \\n International and local media: International and local media are often the main source of information on progress in the peace process. Keeping both media segments supplied with accurate and up-to-date information on the planning and implementation of DDR is important in order to increase support for the process and avoid bad press. The media are also key whistleblowers that can identify, expose and denounce potential spoilers of the peace process. \\n Private sector: Companies in the private sector can also be important amplifiers and partners, for example, by generating specific recruitment advertisements in support of reintegration opportunities. Local telecommunication companies and internet service providers can also offer avenues to further disseminate key messages. \\n Opinion leaders\/influencers: In many contexts, opinion leaders are public personalities who actively produce and interpret multiple sources of information to form an opinion. With the advent of social media, these actors generate viewership and large followings through regular programming and online presence. \\n Regional stakeholders: These include Governments, regional organizations, military and political parties of neighbouring countries, civil society in neighboring States, businesses and potential spoilers. \\n The international community: This includes donors, their constituencies (including, if applicable, the diaspora who can influence the direction of DDR), troop-contributing countries, the UN system, international financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and think tanks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":937, "Sentence":"Local telecommunication companies and internet service providers can also offer avenues to further disseminate key messages.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication local telecommunication company internet service provider also offer avenue disseminate key message ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Secondary audience (partners)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"In many cases, partnerships with other stakeholders are required to support the design, planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy. The following partners are often the secondary audience of a DDR process; however, depending on the context, they may also be the primary audience (e.g., the international community in a regionalized armed conflict): \\n Civil society: This includes women\u2019s groups, youth groups, local associations and non- governmental organizations that play a role in the DDR process, including those working as implementing partners of national and international governmental institutions. \\n Religious leaders and institutions: The voices of moderate religious leaders can be amplified and coordinated with educators to foster coordination and promote messages of peace and tolerance. \\n Legislative and policy-setting authorities: The legal framework in the country regulating the media can be reviewed and laws put in place to prevent the distribution of messages inciting hate or spreading misinformation. If this approach is used, care must be taken to ensure that civil and political rights are not affected. \\n International and local media: International and local media are often the main source of information on progress in the peace process. Keeping both media segments supplied with accurate and up-to-date information on the planning and implementation of DDR is important in order to increase support for the process and avoid bad press. The media are also key whistleblowers that can identify, expose and denounce potential spoilers of the peace process. \\n Private sector: Companies in the private sector can also be important amplifiers and partners, for example, by generating specific recruitment advertisements in support of reintegration opportunities. Local telecommunication companies and internet service providers can also offer avenues to further disseminate key messages. \\n Opinion leaders\/influencers: In many contexts, opinion leaders are public personalities who actively produce and interpret multiple sources of information to form an opinion. With the advent of social media, these actors generate viewership and large followings through regular programming and online presence. \\n Regional stakeholders: These include Governments, regional organizations, military and political parties of neighbouring countries, civil society in neighboring States, businesses and potential spoilers. \\n The international community: This includes donors, their constituencies (including, if applicable, the diaspora who can influence the direction of DDR), troop-contributing countries, the UN system, international financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and think tanks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":937, "Sentence":"\\n Opinion leaders\/influencers: In many contexts, opinion leaders are public personalities who actively produce and interpret multiple sources of information to form an opinion.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n opinion leaders\/influencers many context opinion leader public personality actively produce interpret multiple source information form opinion ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Secondary audience (partners)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"In many cases, partnerships with other stakeholders are required to support the design, planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy. The following partners are often the secondary audience of a DDR process; however, depending on the context, they may also be the primary audience (e.g., the international community in a regionalized armed conflict): \\n Civil society: This includes women\u2019s groups, youth groups, local associations and non- governmental organizations that play a role in the DDR process, including those working as implementing partners of national and international governmental institutions. \\n Religious leaders and institutions: The voices of moderate religious leaders can be amplified and coordinated with educators to foster coordination and promote messages of peace and tolerance. \\n Legislative and policy-setting authorities: The legal framework in the country regulating the media can be reviewed and laws put in place to prevent the distribution of messages inciting hate or spreading misinformation. If this approach is used, care must be taken to ensure that civil and political rights are not affected. \\n International and local media: International and local media are often the main source of information on progress in the peace process. Keeping both media segments supplied with accurate and up-to-date information on the planning and implementation of DDR is important in order to increase support for the process and avoid bad press. The media are also key whistleblowers that can identify, expose and denounce potential spoilers of the peace process. \\n Private sector: Companies in the private sector can also be important amplifiers and partners, for example, by generating specific recruitment advertisements in support of reintegration opportunities. Local telecommunication companies and internet service providers can also offer avenues to further disseminate key messages. \\n Opinion leaders\/influencers: In many contexts, opinion leaders are public personalities who actively produce and interpret multiple sources of information to form an opinion. With the advent of social media, these actors generate viewership and large followings through regular programming and online presence. \\n Regional stakeholders: These include Governments, regional organizations, military and political parties of neighbouring countries, civil society in neighboring States, businesses and potential spoilers. \\n The international community: This includes donors, their constituencies (including, if applicable, the diaspora who can influence the direction of DDR), troop-contributing countries, the UN system, international financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and think tanks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":937, "Sentence":"With the advent of social media, these actors generate viewership and large followings through regular programming and online presence.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication advent social medium actor generate viewership large following regular programming online presence ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Secondary audience (partners)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"In many cases, partnerships with other stakeholders are required to support the design, planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy. The following partners are often the secondary audience of a DDR process; however, depending on the context, they may also be the primary audience (e.g., the international community in a regionalized armed conflict): \\n Civil society: This includes women\u2019s groups, youth groups, local associations and non- governmental organizations that play a role in the DDR process, including those working as implementing partners of national and international governmental institutions. \\n Religious leaders and institutions: The voices of moderate religious leaders can be amplified and coordinated with educators to foster coordination and promote messages of peace and tolerance. \\n Legislative and policy-setting authorities: The legal framework in the country regulating the media can be reviewed and laws put in place to prevent the distribution of messages inciting hate or spreading misinformation. If this approach is used, care must be taken to ensure that civil and political rights are not affected. \\n International and local media: International and local media are often the main source of information on progress in the peace process. Keeping both media segments supplied with accurate and up-to-date information on the planning and implementation of DDR is important in order to increase support for the process and avoid bad press. The media are also key whistleblowers that can identify, expose and denounce potential spoilers of the peace process. \\n Private sector: Companies in the private sector can also be important amplifiers and partners, for example, by generating specific recruitment advertisements in support of reintegration opportunities. Local telecommunication companies and internet service providers can also offer avenues to further disseminate key messages. \\n Opinion leaders\/influencers: In many contexts, opinion leaders are public personalities who actively produce and interpret multiple sources of information to form an opinion. With the advent of social media, these actors generate viewership and large followings through regular programming and online presence. \\n Regional stakeholders: These include Governments, regional organizations, military and political parties of neighbouring countries, civil society in neighboring States, businesses and potential spoilers. \\n The international community: This includes donors, their constituencies (including, if applicable, the diaspora who can influence the direction of DDR), troop-contributing countries, the UN system, international financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and think tanks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":937, "Sentence":"\\n Regional stakeholders: These include Governments, regional organizations, military and political parties of neighbouring countries, civil society in neighboring States, businesses and potential spoilers.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n regional stakeholder include government regional organization military political party neighbouring country civil society neighboring state business potential spoiler ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"7. DDR processes and policing \u2013 specific tasks", "Heading2":"7.2 Secondary audience (partners)", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"In many cases, partnerships with other stakeholders are required to support the design, planning and implementation of the PI\/SC strategy. The following partners are often the secondary audience of a DDR process; however, depending on the context, they may also be the primary audience (e.g., the international community in a regionalized armed conflict): \\n Civil society: This includes women\u2019s groups, youth groups, local associations and non- governmental organizations that play a role in the DDR process, including those working as implementing partners of national and international governmental institutions. \\n Religious leaders and institutions: The voices of moderate religious leaders can be amplified and coordinated with educators to foster coordination and promote messages of peace and tolerance. \\n Legislative and policy-setting authorities: The legal framework in the country regulating the media can be reviewed and laws put in place to prevent the distribution of messages inciting hate or spreading misinformation. If this approach is used, care must be taken to ensure that civil and political rights are not affected. \\n International and local media: International and local media are often the main source of information on progress in the peace process. Keeping both media segments supplied with accurate and up-to-date information on the planning and implementation of DDR is important in order to increase support for the process and avoid bad press. The media are also key whistleblowers that can identify, expose and denounce potential spoilers of the peace process. \\n Private sector: Companies in the private sector can also be important amplifiers and partners, for example, by generating specific recruitment advertisements in support of reintegration opportunities. Local telecommunication companies and internet service providers can also offer avenues to further disseminate key messages. \\n Opinion leaders\/influencers: In many contexts, opinion leaders are public personalities who actively produce and interpret multiple sources of information to form an opinion. With the advent of social media, these actors generate viewership and large followings through regular programming and online presence. \\n Regional stakeholders: These include Governments, regional organizations, military and political parties of neighbouring countries, civil society in neighboring States, businesses and potential spoilers. \\n The international community: This includes donors, their constituencies (including, if applicable, the diaspora who can influence the direction of DDR), troop-contributing countries, the UN system, international financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and think tanks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":937, "Sentence":"\\n The international community: This includes donors, their constituencies (including, if applicable, the diaspora who can influence the direction of DDR), troop-contributing countries, the UN system, international financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and think tanks.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication n international community includes donor constituency including applicable diaspora influence direction ddr troopcontributing country un system international financial institution nongovernmental organization think tank ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"This section outlines the various media that can be used in PI\/SC strategies and the advantages and disadvantages associated with each.In both mission and non-mission settings, DDR practitioners should proactively identify PI\/SC capacities to support national counterparts that are leading the process. Most peacekeeping operations include a PI\/SC office with the following work streams and skill sets: media relations, multimedia and content production, radio content or station, and an outreach and campaigns unit. It is important for DDR practitioners to keep in mind that former members of armed forces and groups are not usually a standard target audience within a mission\u2019s PI\/SC strategy. They may therefore need to engage with the PI\/SC office in order for this group to be considered. In non-mission settings, DDR practitioners may seek out partnerships with relevant organizations or explore the possibility of bringing on board or working with existing PI\/SC personnel. For example, most agencies, funds and programmes within the UN country team maintain communications officers or individuals with similar job profiles. In all contexts, local advisers shall be consulted.Once created, PI\/SC messages and activities can be channeled using the various media outlined below. The selection of media type should be based on a thorough analysis of the geographic availability of that media, as well as which form of media best suits the content to be disseminated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":938, "Sentence":"This section outlines the various media that can be used in PI\/SC strategies and the advantages and disadvantages associated with each.In both mission and non-mission settings, DDR practitioners should proactively identify PI\/SC capacities to support national counterparts that are leading the process.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication section outline various medium used pi\/sc strategy advantage disadvantage associated each.in mission nonmission setting ddr practitioner proactively identify pi\/sc capacity support national counterpart leading process ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"This section outlines the various media that can be used in PI\/SC strategies and the advantages and disadvantages associated with each.In both mission and non-mission settings, DDR practitioners should proactively identify PI\/SC capacities to support national counterparts that are leading the process. Most peacekeeping operations include a PI\/SC office with the following work streams and skill sets: media relations, multimedia and content production, radio content or station, and an outreach and campaigns unit. It is important for DDR practitioners to keep in mind that former members of armed forces and groups are not usually a standard target audience within a mission\u2019s PI\/SC strategy. They may therefore need to engage with the PI\/SC office in order for this group to be considered. In non-mission settings, DDR practitioners may seek out partnerships with relevant organizations or explore the possibility of bringing on board or working with existing PI\/SC personnel. For example, most agencies, funds and programmes within the UN country team maintain communications officers or individuals with similar job profiles. In all contexts, local advisers shall be consulted.Once created, PI\/SC messages and activities can be channeled using the various media outlined below. The selection of media type should be based on a thorough analysis of the geographic availability of that media, as well as which form of media best suits the content to be disseminated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":938, "Sentence":"Most peacekeeping operations include a PI\/SC office with the following work streams and skill sets: media relations, multimedia and content production, radio content or station, and an outreach and campaigns unit.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication peacekeeping operation include pi\/sc office following work stream skill set medium relation multimedia content production radio content station outreach campaign unit ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"This section outlines the various media that can be used in PI\/SC strategies and the advantages and disadvantages associated with each.In both mission and non-mission settings, DDR practitioners should proactively identify PI\/SC capacities to support national counterparts that are leading the process. Most peacekeeping operations include a PI\/SC office with the following work streams and skill sets: media relations, multimedia and content production, radio content or station, and an outreach and campaigns unit. It is important for DDR practitioners to keep in mind that former members of armed forces and groups are not usually a standard target audience within a mission\u2019s PI\/SC strategy. They may therefore need to engage with the PI\/SC office in order for this group to be considered. In non-mission settings, DDR practitioners may seek out partnerships with relevant organizations or explore the possibility of bringing on board or working with existing PI\/SC personnel. For example, most agencies, funds and programmes within the UN country team maintain communications officers or individuals with similar job profiles. In all contexts, local advisers shall be consulted.Once created, PI\/SC messages and activities can be channeled using the various media outlined below. The selection of media type should be based on a thorough analysis of the geographic availability of that media, as well as which form of media best suits the content to be disseminated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":938, "Sentence":"It is important for DDR practitioners to keep in mind that former members of armed forces and groups are not usually a standard target audience within a mission\u2019s PI\/SC strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication important ddr practitioner keep mind former member armed force group usually standard target audience within mission \u2019 pi\/sc strategy ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"This section outlines the various media that can be used in PI\/SC strategies and the advantages and disadvantages associated with each.In both mission and non-mission settings, DDR practitioners should proactively identify PI\/SC capacities to support national counterparts that are leading the process. Most peacekeeping operations include a PI\/SC office with the following work streams and skill sets: media relations, multimedia and content production, radio content or station, and an outreach and campaigns unit. It is important for DDR practitioners to keep in mind that former members of armed forces and groups are not usually a standard target audience within a mission\u2019s PI\/SC strategy. They may therefore need to engage with the PI\/SC office in order for this group to be considered. In non-mission settings, DDR practitioners may seek out partnerships with relevant organizations or explore the possibility of bringing on board or working with existing PI\/SC personnel. For example, most agencies, funds and programmes within the UN country team maintain communications officers or individuals with similar job profiles. In all contexts, local advisers shall be consulted.Once created, PI\/SC messages and activities can be channeled using the various media outlined below. The selection of media type should be based on a thorough analysis of the geographic availability of that media, as well as which form of media best suits the content to be disseminated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":938, "Sentence":"They may therefore need to engage with the PI\/SC office in order for this group to be considered.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication may therefore need engage pi\/sc office order group considered ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"This section outlines the various media that can be used in PI\/SC strategies and the advantages and disadvantages associated with each.In both mission and non-mission settings, DDR practitioners should proactively identify PI\/SC capacities to support national counterparts that are leading the process. Most peacekeeping operations include a PI\/SC office with the following work streams and skill sets: media relations, multimedia and content production, radio content or station, and an outreach and campaigns unit. It is important for DDR practitioners to keep in mind that former members of armed forces and groups are not usually a standard target audience within a mission\u2019s PI\/SC strategy. They may therefore need to engage with the PI\/SC office in order for this group to be considered. In non-mission settings, DDR practitioners may seek out partnerships with relevant organizations or explore the possibility of bringing on board or working with existing PI\/SC personnel. For example, most agencies, funds and programmes within the UN country team maintain communications officers or individuals with similar job profiles. In all contexts, local advisers shall be consulted.Once created, PI\/SC messages and activities can be channeled using the various media outlined below. The selection of media type should be based on a thorough analysis of the geographic availability of that media, as well as which form of media best suits the content to be disseminated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":938, "Sentence":"In non-mission settings, DDR practitioners may seek out partnerships with relevant organizations or explore the possibility of bringing on board or working with existing PI\/SC personnel.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication nonmission setting ddr practitioner may seek partnership relevant organization explore possibility bringing board working existing pi\/sc personnel ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"This section outlines the various media that can be used in PI\/SC strategies and the advantages and disadvantages associated with each.In both mission and non-mission settings, DDR practitioners should proactively identify PI\/SC capacities to support national counterparts that are leading the process. Most peacekeeping operations include a PI\/SC office with the following work streams and skill sets: media relations, multimedia and content production, radio content or station, and an outreach and campaigns unit. It is important for DDR practitioners to keep in mind that former members of armed forces and groups are not usually a standard target audience within a mission\u2019s PI\/SC strategy. They may therefore need to engage with the PI\/SC office in order for this group to be considered. In non-mission settings, DDR practitioners may seek out partnerships with relevant organizations or explore the possibility of bringing on board or working with existing PI\/SC personnel. For example, most agencies, funds and programmes within the UN country team maintain communications officers or individuals with similar job profiles. In all contexts, local advisers shall be consulted.Once created, PI\/SC messages and activities can be channeled using the various media outlined below. The selection of media type should be based on a thorough analysis of the geographic availability of that media, as well as which form of media best suits the content to be disseminated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":938, "Sentence":"For example, most agencies, funds and programmes within the UN country team maintain communications officers or individuals with similar job profiles.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication example agency fund programme within un country team maintain communication officer individual similar job profile ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"This section outlines the various media that can be used in PI\/SC strategies and the advantages and disadvantages associated with each.In both mission and non-mission settings, DDR practitioners should proactively identify PI\/SC capacities to support national counterparts that are leading the process. Most peacekeeping operations include a PI\/SC office with the following work streams and skill sets: media relations, multimedia and content production, radio content or station, and an outreach and campaigns unit. It is important for DDR practitioners to keep in mind that former members of armed forces and groups are not usually a standard target audience within a mission\u2019s PI\/SC strategy. They may therefore need to engage with the PI\/SC office in order for this group to be considered. In non-mission settings, DDR practitioners may seek out partnerships with relevant organizations or explore the possibility of bringing on board or working with existing PI\/SC personnel. For example, most agencies, funds and programmes within the UN country team maintain communications officers or individuals with similar job profiles. In all contexts, local advisers shall be consulted.Once created, PI\/SC messages and activities can be channeled using the various media outlined below. The selection of media type should be based on a thorough analysis of the geographic availability of that media, as well as which form of media best suits the content to be disseminated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":938, "Sentence":"In all contexts, local advisers shall be consulted.Once created, PI\/SC messages and activities can be channeled using the various media outlined below.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication context local adviser shall consulted.once created pi\/sc message activity channeled using various medium outlined ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"This section outlines the various media that can be used in PI\/SC strategies and the advantages and disadvantages associated with each.In both mission and non-mission settings, DDR practitioners should proactively identify PI\/SC capacities to support national counterparts that are leading the process. Most peacekeeping operations include a PI\/SC office with the following work streams and skill sets: media relations, multimedia and content production, radio content or station, and an outreach and campaigns unit. It is important for DDR practitioners to keep in mind that former members of armed forces and groups are not usually a standard target audience within a mission\u2019s PI\/SC strategy. They may therefore need to engage with the PI\/SC office in order for this group to be considered. In non-mission settings, DDR practitioners may seek out partnerships with relevant organizations or explore the possibility of bringing on board or working with existing PI\/SC personnel. For example, most agencies, funds and programmes within the UN country team maintain communications officers or individuals with similar job profiles. In all contexts, local advisers shall be consulted.Once created, PI\/SC messages and activities can be channeled using the various media outlined below. The selection of media type should be based on a thorough analysis of the geographic availability of that media, as well as which form of media best suits the content to be disseminated.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":938, "Sentence":"The selection of media type should be based on a thorough analysis of the geographic availability of that media, as well as which form of media best suits the content to be disseminated.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication selection medium type based thorough analysis geographic availability medium well form medium best suit content disseminated ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.1 Online and web presence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"When internet access is widespread, online tools (videos, dedicated websites, podcasts, social media campaigns, etc.) are important. Social media campaigns should be considered as they represent a low- resource way of reaching a large audience.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":939, "Sentence":"When internet access is widespread, online tools (videos, dedicated websites, podcasts, social media campaigns, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication internet access widespread online tool video dedicated website podcasts social medium campaign etc ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.1 Online and web presence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"When internet access is widespread, online tools (videos, dedicated websites, podcasts, social media campaigns, etc.) are important. Social media campaigns should be considered as they represent a low- resource way of reaching a large audience.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":939, "Sentence":"are important.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication important ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.1 Online and web presence", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"When internet access is widespread, online tools (videos, dedicated websites, podcasts, social media campaigns, etc.) are important. Social media campaigns should be considered as they represent a low- resource way of reaching a large audience.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":939, "Sentence":"Social media campaigns should be considered as they represent a low- resource way of reaching a large audience.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication social medium campaign considered represent low resource way reaching large audience ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.2 Radio: local, national and international stations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"When compared with other media, the advantage of radio is that it often reaches the largest number of people, particularly in developing countries. This is because radio is less dependent on infrastructural development or the technological sophistication and wealth of the listener. It can also reach those who are illiterate. However, it should not be assumed that women (and children) have the same access to radio as men, especially in rural areas, since they may not have the resources to buy either the radio or batteries.A DDR radio programme can assist in providing updates on the DDR process (e.g., the opening of demobilization sites and inauguration of reintegration projects). It can also be used to disseminate messages targeting women and girls (to encourage their participation in the process), as well as children associated with armed forces and groups (for e.g., on the consequences of enlisting or holding children). Radio messages can also support behavioural change programming, for example, by destigmatizing mental health needs (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR, IDDRS 5.80 on Disability- Inclusive DDR and IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support). Some peacekeeping missions have their own UN Radio stations. In contexts where this is not the case, DDR practitioners should explore partnerships with the private sector and\/or civil society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":940, "Sentence":"When compared with other media, the advantage of radio is that it often reaches the largest number of people, particularly in developing countries.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication compared medium advantage radio often reach largest number people particularly developing country ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.2 Radio: local, national and international stations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"When compared with other media, the advantage of radio is that it often reaches the largest number of people, particularly in developing countries. This is because radio is less dependent on infrastructural development or the technological sophistication and wealth of the listener. It can also reach those who are illiterate. However, it should not be assumed that women (and children) have the same access to radio as men, especially in rural areas, since they may not have the resources to buy either the radio or batteries.A DDR radio programme can assist in providing updates on the DDR process (e.g., the opening of demobilization sites and inauguration of reintegration projects). It can also be used to disseminate messages targeting women and girls (to encourage their participation in the process), as well as children associated with armed forces and groups (for e.g., on the consequences of enlisting or holding children). Radio messages can also support behavioural change programming, for example, by destigmatizing mental health needs (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR, IDDRS 5.80 on Disability- Inclusive DDR and IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support). Some peacekeeping missions have their own UN Radio stations. In contexts where this is not the case, DDR practitioners should explore partnerships with the private sector and\/or civil society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":940, "Sentence":"This is because radio is less dependent on infrastructural development or the technological sophistication and wealth of the listener.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication radio le dependent infrastructural development technological sophistication wealth listener ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.2 Radio: local, national and international stations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"When compared with other media, the advantage of radio is that it often reaches the largest number of people, particularly in developing countries. This is because radio is less dependent on infrastructural development or the technological sophistication and wealth of the listener. It can also reach those who are illiterate. However, it should not be assumed that women (and children) have the same access to radio as men, especially in rural areas, since they may not have the resources to buy either the radio or batteries.A DDR radio programme can assist in providing updates on the DDR process (e.g., the opening of demobilization sites and inauguration of reintegration projects). It can also be used to disseminate messages targeting women and girls (to encourage their participation in the process), as well as children associated with armed forces and groups (for e.g., on the consequences of enlisting or holding children). Radio messages can also support behavioural change programming, for example, by destigmatizing mental health needs (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR, IDDRS 5.80 on Disability- Inclusive DDR and IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support). Some peacekeeping missions have their own UN Radio stations. In contexts where this is not the case, DDR practitioners should explore partnerships with the private sector and\/or civil society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":940, "Sentence":"It can also reach those who are illiterate.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication also reach illiterate ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.2 Radio: local, national and international stations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"When compared with other media, the advantage of radio is that it often reaches the largest number of people, particularly in developing countries. This is because radio is less dependent on infrastructural development or the technological sophistication and wealth of the listener. It can also reach those who are illiterate. However, it should not be assumed that women (and children) have the same access to radio as men, especially in rural areas, since they may not have the resources to buy either the radio or batteries.A DDR radio programme can assist in providing updates on the DDR process (e.g., the opening of demobilization sites and inauguration of reintegration projects). It can also be used to disseminate messages targeting women and girls (to encourage their participation in the process), as well as children associated with armed forces and groups (for e.g., on the consequences of enlisting or holding children). Radio messages can also support behavioural change programming, for example, by destigmatizing mental health needs (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR, IDDRS 5.80 on Disability- Inclusive DDR and IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support). Some peacekeeping missions have their own UN Radio stations. In contexts where this is not the case, DDR practitioners should explore partnerships with the private sector and\/or civil society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":940, "Sentence":"However, it should not be assumed that women (and children) have the same access to radio as men, especially in rural areas, since they may not have the resources to buy either the radio or batteries.A DDR radio programme can assist in providing updates on the DDR process (e.g., the opening of demobilization sites and inauguration of reintegration projects).", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication however assumed woman child access radio men especially rural area since may resource buy either radio batteries.a ddr radio programme assist providing update ddr process e.g . opening demobilization site inauguration reintegration project ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.2 Radio: local, national and international stations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"When compared with other media, the advantage of radio is that it often reaches the largest number of people, particularly in developing countries. This is because radio is less dependent on infrastructural development or the technological sophistication and wealth of the listener. It can also reach those who are illiterate. However, it should not be assumed that women (and children) have the same access to radio as men, especially in rural areas, since they may not have the resources to buy either the radio or batteries.A DDR radio programme can assist in providing updates on the DDR process (e.g., the opening of demobilization sites and inauguration of reintegration projects). It can also be used to disseminate messages targeting women and girls (to encourage their participation in the process), as well as children associated with armed forces and groups (for e.g., on the consequences of enlisting or holding children). Radio messages can also support behavioural change programming, for example, by destigmatizing mental health needs (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR, IDDRS 5.80 on Disability- Inclusive DDR and IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support). Some peacekeeping missions have their own UN Radio stations. In contexts where this is not the case, DDR practitioners should explore partnerships with the private sector and\/or civil society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":940, "Sentence":"It can also be used to disseminate messages targeting women and girls (to encourage their participation in the process), as well as children associated with armed forces and groups (for e.g., on the consequences of enlisting or holding children).", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication also used disseminate message targeting woman girl encourage participation process well child associated armed force group e.g . consequence enlisting holding child ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.2 Radio: local, national and international stations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"When compared with other media, the advantage of radio is that it often reaches the largest number of people, particularly in developing countries. This is because radio is less dependent on infrastructural development or the technological sophistication and wealth of the listener. It can also reach those who are illiterate. However, it should not be assumed that women (and children) have the same access to radio as men, especially in rural areas, since they may not have the resources to buy either the radio or batteries.A DDR radio programme can assist in providing updates on the DDR process (e.g., the opening of demobilization sites and inauguration of reintegration projects). It can also be used to disseminate messages targeting women and girls (to encourage their participation in the process), as well as children associated with armed forces and groups (for e.g., on the consequences of enlisting or holding children). Radio messages can also support behavioural change programming, for example, by destigmatizing mental health needs (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR, IDDRS 5.80 on Disability- Inclusive DDR and IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support). Some peacekeeping missions have their own UN Radio stations. In contexts where this is not the case, DDR practitioners should explore partnerships with the private sector and\/or civil society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":940, "Sentence":"Radio messages can also support behavioural change programming, for example, by destigmatizing mental health needs (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR, IDDRS 5.80 on Disability- Inclusive DDR and IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support).", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication radio message also support behavioural change programming example destigmatizing mental health need see iddrs 5.70 health ddr iddrs 5.80 disability inclusive ddr iasc guideline mental health psychosocial support ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.2 Radio: local, national and international stations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"When compared with other media, the advantage of radio is that it often reaches the largest number of people, particularly in developing countries. This is because radio is less dependent on infrastructural development or the technological sophistication and wealth of the listener. It can also reach those who are illiterate. However, it should not be assumed that women (and children) have the same access to radio as men, especially in rural areas, since they may not have the resources to buy either the radio or batteries.A DDR radio programme can assist in providing updates on the DDR process (e.g., the opening of demobilization sites and inauguration of reintegration projects). It can also be used to disseminate messages targeting women and girls (to encourage their participation in the process), as well as children associated with armed forces and groups (for e.g., on the consequences of enlisting or holding children). Radio messages can also support behavioural change programming, for example, by destigmatizing mental health needs (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR, IDDRS 5.80 on Disability- Inclusive DDR and IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support). Some peacekeeping missions have their own UN Radio stations. In contexts where this is not the case, DDR practitioners should explore partnerships with the private sector and\/or civil society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":940, "Sentence":"Some peacekeeping missions have their own UN Radio stations.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication peacekeeping mission un radio station ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.2 Radio: local, national and international stations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"When compared with other media, the advantage of radio is that it often reaches the largest number of people, particularly in developing countries. This is because radio is less dependent on infrastructural development or the technological sophistication and wealth of the listener. It can also reach those who are illiterate. However, it should not be assumed that women (and children) have the same access to radio as men, especially in rural areas, since they may not have the resources to buy either the radio or batteries.A DDR radio programme can assist in providing updates on the DDR process (e.g., the opening of demobilization sites and inauguration of reintegration projects). It can also be used to disseminate messages targeting women and girls (to encourage their participation in the process), as well as children associated with armed forces and groups (for e.g., on the consequences of enlisting or holding children). Radio messages can also support behavioural change programming, for example, by destigmatizing mental health needs (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR, IDDRS 5.80 on Disability- Inclusive DDR and IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support). Some peacekeeping missions have their own UN Radio stations. In contexts where this is not the case, DDR practitioners should explore partnerships with the private sector and\/or civil society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":940, "Sentence":"In contexts where this is not the case, DDR practitioners should explore partnerships with the private sector and\/or civil society.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication context case ddr practitioner explore partnership private sector and\/or civil society ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.3 Print media", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Print media may include leaflets, pamphlets, posters\/cartoons, newsletters and magazines. Although the effectiveness of these various formats will be limited by the literacy of the intended audience, their main advantage is the durability and level of detail that printed information can contain. The added benefit of print media is that it can be passed from person to person in close-knit networks, increasing the potential impact of the content as it comes from a trusted source.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":941, "Sentence":"Print media may include leaflets, pamphlets, posters\/cartoons, newsletters and magazines.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication print medium may include leaflet pamphlet posters\/cartoons newsletter magazine ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.3 Print media", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Print media may include leaflets, pamphlets, posters\/cartoons, newsletters and magazines. Although the effectiveness of these various formats will be limited by the literacy of the intended audience, their main advantage is the durability and level of detail that printed information can contain. The added benefit of print media is that it can be passed from person to person in close-knit networks, increasing the potential impact of the content as it comes from a trusted source.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":941, "Sentence":"Although the effectiveness of these various formats will be limited by the literacy of the intended audience, their main advantage is the durability and level of detail that printed information can contain.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication although effectiveness various format limited literacy intended audience main advantage durability level detail printed information contain ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.3 Print media", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Print media may include leaflets, pamphlets, posters\/cartoons, newsletters and magazines. Although the effectiveness of these various formats will be limited by the literacy of the intended audience, their main advantage is the durability and level of detail that printed information can contain. The added benefit of print media is that it can be passed from person to person in close-knit networks, increasing the potential impact of the content as it comes from a trusted source.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":941, "Sentence":"The added benefit of print media is that it can be passed from person to person in close-knit networks, increasing the potential impact of the content as it comes from a trusted source.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication added benefit print medium passed person person closeknit network increasing potential impact content come trusted source ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.4 Visual media: TV, film and billboards", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"In countries where television is the most popular way of distributing information, it is essential that this medium is used, even if in a limited way. Some peacekeeping missions have established their own UN TV stations on a dedicated broadcasting frequency, while others have made arrangements to broadcast films, documentaries or other programming on existing public or private stations. The scheduling and frequency of broadcasts must be carefully planned to respond to the needs of the widest possible audience. Where cultural restrictions prevent women from watching films in public, alternatives, such as a women-only screening, should be negotiated. Billboards should not be overlooked as an effective tool for advertising DDR activities and\/or achievements, as, when strategically positioned, they can reach a significant number of people.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":942, "Sentence":"In countries where television is the most popular way of distributing information, it is essential that this medium is used, even if in a limited way.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication country television popular way distributing information essential medium used even limited way ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.4 Visual media: TV, film and billboards", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"In countries where television is the most popular way of distributing information, it is essential that this medium is used, even if in a limited way. Some peacekeeping missions have established their own UN TV stations on a dedicated broadcasting frequency, while others have made arrangements to broadcast films, documentaries or other programming on existing public or private stations. The scheduling and frequency of broadcasts must be carefully planned to respond to the needs of the widest possible audience. Where cultural restrictions prevent women from watching films in public, alternatives, such as a women-only screening, should be negotiated. Billboards should not be overlooked as an effective tool for advertising DDR activities and\/or achievements, as, when strategically positioned, they can reach a significant number of people.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":942, "Sentence":"Some peacekeeping missions have established their own UN TV stations on a dedicated broadcasting frequency, while others have made arrangements to broadcast films, documentaries or other programming on existing public or private stations.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication peacekeeping mission established un tv station dedicated broadcasting frequency others made arrangement broadcast film documentary programming existing public private station ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.4 Visual media: TV, film and billboards", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"In countries where television is the most popular way of distributing information, it is essential that this medium is used, even if in a limited way. Some peacekeeping missions have established their own UN TV stations on a dedicated broadcasting frequency, while others have made arrangements to broadcast films, documentaries or other programming on existing public or private stations. The scheduling and frequency of broadcasts must be carefully planned to respond to the needs of the widest possible audience. Where cultural restrictions prevent women from watching films in public, alternatives, such as a women-only screening, should be negotiated. Billboards should not be overlooked as an effective tool for advertising DDR activities and\/or achievements, as, when strategically positioned, they can reach a significant number of people.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":942, "Sentence":"The scheduling and frequency of broadcasts must be carefully planned to respond to the needs of the widest possible audience.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication scheduling frequency broadcast must carefully planned respond need widest possible audience ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.4 Visual media: TV, film and billboards", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"In countries where television is the most popular way of distributing information, it is essential that this medium is used, even if in a limited way. Some peacekeeping missions have established their own UN TV stations on a dedicated broadcasting frequency, while others have made arrangements to broadcast films, documentaries or other programming on existing public or private stations. The scheduling and frequency of broadcasts must be carefully planned to respond to the needs of the widest possible audience. Where cultural restrictions prevent women from watching films in public, alternatives, such as a women-only screening, should be negotiated. Billboards should not be overlooked as an effective tool for advertising DDR activities and\/or achievements, as, when strategically positioned, they can reach a significant number of people.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":942, "Sentence":"Where cultural restrictions prevent women from watching films in public, alternatives, such as a women-only screening, should be negotiated.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication cultural restriction prevent woman watching film public alternative womenonly screening negotiated ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.4 Visual media: TV, film and billboards", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"In countries where television is the most popular way of distributing information, it is essential that this medium is used, even if in a limited way. Some peacekeeping missions have established their own UN TV stations on a dedicated broadcasting frequency, while others have made arrangements to broadcast films, documentaries or other programming on existing public or private stations. The scheduling and frequency of broadcasts must be carefully planned to respond to the needs of the widest possible audience. Where cultural restrictions prevent women from watching films in public, alternatives, such as a women-only screening, should be negotiated. Billboards should not be overlooked as an effective tool for advertising DDR activities and\/or achievements, as, when strategically positioned, they can reach a significant number of people.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":942, "Sentence":"Billboards should not be overlooked as an effective tool for advertising DDR activities and\/or achievements, as, when strategically positioned, they can reach a significant number of people.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication billboard overlooked effective tool advertising ddr activity and\/or achievement strategically positioned reach significant number people ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.5 Interactive forums: theatre, seminars, debate", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Although the main impact of theatre productions, seminars and debates may be on their direct audience, oral forms of communication have the advantage of involving the audience and building on existing cultural norms. Presenting ideas and concepts figuratively, especially if based on local folklore, culture and humour, can be particularly useful in communities with a strong oral culture. Interactive opportunities like this also afford critical opportunities to support equitable and positive gender norms, destigmatize mental health, and foster peacebuilding and social cohesion. These interactive mechanisms may also help to build social cohesion and work through trauma.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":943, "Sentence":"Although the main impact of theatre productions, seminars and debates may be on their direct audience, oral forms of communication have the advantage of involving the audience and building on existing cultural norms.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication although main impact theatre production seminar debate may direct audience oral form communication advantage involving audience building existing cultural norm ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.5 Interactive forums: theatre, seminars, debate", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Although the main impact of theatre productions, seminars and debates may be on their direct audience, oral forms of communication have the advantage of involving the audience and building on existing cultural norms. Presenting ideas and concepts figuratively, especially if based on local folklore, culture and humour, can be particularly useful in communities with a strong oral culture. Interactive opportunities like this also afford critical opportunities to support equitable and positive gender norms, destigmatize mental health, and foster peacebuilding and social cohesion. These interactive mechanisms may also help to build social cohesion and work through trauma.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":943, "Sentence":"Presenting ideas and concepts figuratively, especially if based on local folklore, culture and humour, can be particularly useful in communities with a strong oral culture.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication presenting idea concept figuratively especially based local folklore culture humour particularly useful community strong oral culture ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.5 Interactive forums: theatre, seminars, debate", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Although the main impact of theatre productions, seminars and debates may be on their direct audience, oral forms of communication have the advantage of involving the audience and building on existing cultural norms. Presenting ideas and concepts figuratively, especially if based on local folklore, culture and humour, can be particularly useful in communities with a strong oral culture. Interactive opportunities like this also afford critical opportunities to support equitable and positive gender norms, destigmatize mental health, and foster peacebuilding and social cohesion. These interactive mechanisms may also help to build social cohesion and work through trauma.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":943, "Sentence":"Interactive opportunities like this also afford critical opportunities to support equitable and positive gender norms, destigmatize mental health, and foster peacebuilding and social cohesion.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication interactive opportunity like also afford critical opportunity support equitable positive gender norm destigmatize mental health foster peacebuilding social cohesion ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.5 Interactive forums: theatre, seminars, debate", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Although the main impact of theatre productions, seminars and debates may be on their direct audience, oral forms of communication have the advantage of involving the audience and building on existing cultural norms. Presenting ideas and concepts figuratively, especially if based on local folklore, culture and humour, can be particularly useful in communities with a strong oral culture. Interactive opportunities like this also afford critical opportunities to support equitable and positive gender norms, destigmatize mental health, and foster peacebuilding and social cohesion. These interactive mechanisms may also help to build social cohesion and work through trauma.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":943, "Sentence":"These interactive mechanisms may also help to build social cohesion and work through trauma.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication interactive mechanism may also help build social cohesion work trauma ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.6 Local townhall events", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Local townhall events that are open to the public can offer a platform for dialogue with communities. They can serve as a wider peacebuilding platform using participatory methods to solicit input from affected populations. They can also provide the opportunity to pre-test messages on a small scale to ascertain their impact and reception before wider use and dissemination.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":944, "Sentence":"Local townhall events that are open to the public can offer a platform for dialogue with communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication local townhall event open public offer platform dialogue community ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.6 Local townhall events", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Local townhall events that are open to the public can offer a platform for dialogue with communities. They can serve as a wider peacebuilding platform using participatory methods to solicit input from affected populations. They can also provide the opportunity to pre-test messages on a small scale to ascertain their impact and reception before wider use and dissemination.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":944, "Sentence":"They can serve as a wider peacebuilding platform using participatory methods to solicit input from affected populations.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication serve wider peacebuilding platform using participatory method solicit input affected population ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.6 Local townhall events", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Local townhall events that are open to the public can offer a platform for dialogue with communities. They can serve as a wider peacebuilding platform using participatory methods to solicit input from affected populations. They can also provide the opportunity to pre-test messages on a small scale to ascertain their impact and reception before wider use and dissemination.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":944, "Sentence":"They can also provide the opportunity to pre-test messages on a small scale to ascertain their impact and reception before wider use and dissemination.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication also provide opportunity pretest message small scale ascertain impact reception wider use dissemination ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.7 Hotlines", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Hotlines can be a useful tool to inform DDR participants and beneficiaries about the development of the DDR process. Hotlines should be free of charge and can foster the engagement of the target audience and provide information and clarification on the DDR process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":945, "Sentence":"Hotlines can be a useful tool to inform DDR participants and beneficiaries about the development of the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication hotlines useful tool inform ddr participant beneficiary development ddr process ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.7 Hotlines", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Hotlines can be a useful tool to inform DDR participants and beneficiaries about the development of the DDR process. Hotlines should be free of charge and can foster the engagement of the target audience and provide information and clarification on the DDR process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":945, "Sentence":"Hotlines should be free of charge and can foster the engagement of the target audience and provide information and clarification on the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication hotlines free charge foster engagement target audience provide information clarification ddr process ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.8 Augmented and virtual reality", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Augmented and virtual reality techniques can allow partners, donors and members of the general public who are unfamiliar with DDR to immerse themselves in a real-life setting \u2013 for example, walking the path of an ex-combatant as he\/she leaves an armed group and participates in a DDR process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":946, "Sentence":"Augmented and virtual reality techniques can allow partners, donors and members of the general public who are unfamiliar with DDR to immerse themselves in a real-life setting \u2013 for example, walking the path of an ex-combatant as he\/she leaves an armed group and participates in a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication augmented virtual reality technique allow partner donor member general public unfamiliar ddr immerse reallife setting \u2013 example walking path excombatant he\/she leaf armed group participates ddr process ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"8. Media", "Heading2":"8.9 Gamification", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Gamification involves the application of typical elements of game playing (e.g., point scoring, competition with others, rules of play) to other areas of activity, typically as an interactive and social technique to encourage engagement with a topic, such as DDR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":947, "Sentence":"Gamification involves the application of typical elements of game playing (e.g., point scoring, competition with others, rules of play) to other areas of activity, typically as an interactive and social technique to encourage engagement with a topic, such as DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication gamification involves application typical element game playing e.g . point scoring competition others rule play area activity typically interactive social technique encourage engagement topic ddr ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"From the start, it is important to identify measurable indicators (the pieces of information that will show whether objectives are being met) as well as how this information will be gathered (sources and techniques) in order to monitor and evaluate the impact of the PI\/SC strategy. Any aspects of the PI\/SC strategy that do not have the effect they were designed to achieve shall be adapted. Indicators may include: \\n The number, sex, age and location (e.g, rural or urban) of people listening to radio programmes and consulting other media, including websites and social media, that convey messages regarding DDR; \\n The number of participants and beneficiaries engaging in the DDR process as a result of PI\/SC activities; \\n The extent of the involvement of the local civilian population in reintegration programmes as a result of PI\/SC efforts; and \\n The change in expectations and knowledge about the process among target audiences before and after PI\/SC activities.This information can be gathered through surveys and interviews conducted throughout the implementation of the DDR process and also from the activity reports of other organizations, media reports, staff at the demobilization sites, local civil society actors in the communities, etc. Findings should be used to guide and shape ongoing activities and contribute to improving future efforts. For further information, refer to IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":948, "Sentence":"From the start, it is important to identify measurable indicators (the pieces of information that will show whether objectives are being met) as well as how this information will be gathered (sources and techniques) in order to monitor and evaluate the impact of the PI\/SC strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication start important identify measurable indicator piece information show whether objective met well information gathered source technique order monitor evaluate impact pi\/sc strategy ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"From the start, it is important to identify measurable indicators (the pieces of information that will show whether objectives are being met) as well as how this information will be gathered (sources and techniques) in order to monitor and evaluate the impact of the PI\/SC strategy. Any aspects of the PI\/SC strategy that do not have the effect they were designed to achieve shall be adapted. Indicators may include: \\n The number, sex, age and location (e.g, rural or urban) of people listening to radio programmes and consulting other media, including websites and social media, that convey messages regarding DDR; \\n The number of participants and beneficiaries engaging in the DDR process as a result of PI\/SC activities; \\n The extent of the involvement of the local civilian population in reintegration programmes as a result of PI\/SC efforts; and \\n The change in expectations and knowledge about the process among target audiences before and after PI\/SC activities.This information can be gathered through surveys and interviews conducted throughout the implementation of the DDR process and also from the activity reports of other organizations, media reports, staff at the demobilization sites, local civil society actors in the communities, etc. Findings should be used to guide and shape ongoing activities and contribute to improving future efforts. For further information, refer to IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":948, "Sentence":"Any aspects of the PI\/SC strategy that do not have the effect they were designed to achieve shall be adapted.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication aspect pi\/sc strategy effect designed achieve shall adapted ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"From the start, it is important to identify measurable indicators (the pieces of information that will show whether objectives are being met) as well as how this information will be gathered (sources and techniques) in order to monitor and evaluate the impact of the PI\/SC strategy. Any aspects of the PI\/SC strategy that do not have the effect they were designed to achieve shall be adapted. Indicators may include: \\n The number, sex, age and location (e.g, rural or urban) of people listening to radio programmes and consulting other media, including websites and social media, that convey messages regarding DDR; \\n The number of participants and beneficiaries engaging in the DDR process as a result of PI\/SC activities; \\n The extent of the involvement of the local civilian population in reintegration programmes as a result of PI\/SC efforts; and \\n The change in expectations and knowledge about the process among target audiences before and after PI\/SC activities.This information can be gathered through surveys and interviews conducted throughout the implementation of the DDR process and also from the activity reports of other organizations, media reports, staff at the demobilization sites, local civil society actors in the communities, etc. Findings should be used to guide and shape ongoing activities and contribute to improving future efforts. For further information, refer to IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":948, "Sentence":"Indicators may include: \\n The number, sex, age and location (e.g, rural or urban) of people listening to radio programmes and consulting other media, including websites and social media, that convey messages regarding DDR; \\n The number of participants and beneficiaries engaging in the DDR process as a result of PI\/SC activities; \\n The extent of the involvement of the local civilian population in reintegration programmes as a result of PI\/SC efforts; and \\n The change in expectations and knowledge about the process among target audiences before and after PI\/SC activities.This information can be gathered through surveys and interviews conducted throughout the implementation of the DDR process and also from the activity reports of other organizations, media reports, staff at the demobilization sites, local civil society actors in the communities, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication indicator may include n number sex age location e.g rural urban people listening radio programme consulting medium including website social medium convey message regarding ddr n number participant beneficiary engaging ddr process result pi\/sc activity n extent involvement local civilian population reintegration programme result pi\/sc effort n change expectation knowledge process among target audience pi\/sc activities.this information gathered survey interview conducted throughout implementation ddr process also activity report organization medium report staff demobilization site local civil society actor community etc ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"From the start, it is important to identify measurable indicators (the pieces of information that will show whether objectives are being met) as well as how this information will be gathered (sources and techniques) in order to monitor and evaluate the impact of the PI\/SC strategy. Any aspects of the PI\/SC strategy that do not have the effect they were designed to achieve shall be adapted. Indicators may include: \\n The number, sex, age and location (e.g, rural or urban) of people listening to radio programmes and consulting other media, including websites and social media, that convey messages regarding DDR; \\n The number of participants and beneficiaries engaging in the DDR process as a result of PI\/SC activities; \\n The extent of the involvement of the local civilian population in reintegration programmes as a result of PI\/SC efforts; and \\n The change in expectations and knowledge about the process among target audiences before and after PI\/SC activities.This information can be gathered through surveys and interviews conducted throughout the implementation of the DDR process and also from the activity reports of other organizations, media reports, staff at the demobilization sites, local civil society actors in the communities, etc. Findings should be used to guide and shape ongoing activities and contribute to improving future efforts. For further information, refer to IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":948, "Sentence":"Findings should be used to guide and shape ongoing activities and contribute to improving future efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication finding used guide shape ongoing activity contribute improving future effort ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.60-Public-Information-and-Strategic-Communication", "Heading1":"9. Economic reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Public Information and Strategic Communication", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"From the start, it is important to identify measurable indicators (the pieces of information that will show whether objectives are being met) as well as how this information will be gathered (sources and techniques) in order to monitor and evaluate the impact of the PI\/SC strategy. Any aspects of the PI\/SC strategy that do not have the effect they were designed to achieve shall be adapted. Indicators may include: \\n The number, sex, age and location (e.g, rural or urban) of people listening to radio programmes and consulting other media, including websites and social media, that convey messages regarding DDR; \\n The number of participants and beneficiaries engaging in the DDR process as a result of PI\/SC activities; \\n The extent of the involvement of the local civilian population in reintegration programmes as a result of PI\/SC efforts; and \\n The change in expectations and knowledge about the process among target audiences before and after PI\/SC activities.This information can be gathered through surveys and interviews conducted throughout the implementation of the DDR process and also from the activity reports of other organizations, media reports, staff at the demobilization sites, local civil society actors in the communities, etc. Findings should be used to guide and shape ongoing activities and contribute to improving future efforts. For further information, refer to IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":948, "Sentence":"For further information, refer to IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"Public Information and Strategic Communication information refer iddrs 3.50 monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life. It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support. Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities. However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities. All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned. Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs. A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted. Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible. Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities. Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members. If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme. Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.) should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community. A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization. During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized. This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes). As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":949, "Sentence":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilization occurs member armed force group transition military civilian life ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life. It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support. Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities. However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities. All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned. Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs. A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted. Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible. Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities. Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members. If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme. Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.) should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community. A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization. During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized. This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes). As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":949, "Sentence":"It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization second step ddr programme part demilitarization effort society emerging conflict ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life. It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support. Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities. However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities. All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned. Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs. A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted. Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible. Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities. Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members. If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme. Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.) should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community. A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization. During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized. This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes). As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":949, "Sentence":"Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilization operation shall designed combatant person associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life. It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support. Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities. However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities. All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned. Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs. A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted. Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible. Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities. Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members. If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme. Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.) should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community. A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization. During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized. This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes). As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":949, "Sentence":"Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization female combatant woman associated armed force group traditionally faced obstacle entering ddr programme particular attention given facilitating access reinsertion reintegration support ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life. It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support. Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities. However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities. All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned. Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs. A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted. Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible. Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities. Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members. If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme. Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.) should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community. A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization. During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized. This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes). As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":949, "Sentence":"Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization victim dependant community member participate demobilization activity ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life. It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support. Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities. However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities. All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned. Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs. A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted. Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible. Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities. Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members. If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme. Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.) should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community. A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization. During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized. This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes). As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":949, "Sentence":"However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization however dependant accompanied armed force group provision may made demobilization including accommodation transportation community ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life. It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support. Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities. However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities. All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned. Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs. A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted. Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible. Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities. Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members. If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme. Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.) should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community. A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization. During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized. This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes). As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":949, "Sentence":"All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilization operation shall gender age sensitive nationally locally owned context specific conflict sensitive.demobilization must meticulously planned ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life. It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support. Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities. However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities. All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned. Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs. A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted. Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible. Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities. Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members. If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme. Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.) should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community. A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization. During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized. This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes). As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":949, "Sentence":"Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilization operation preceded indepth assessment location number type individual expected demobilize well immediate need ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life. It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support. Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities. However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities. All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned. Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs. A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted. Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible. Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities. Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members. If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme. Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.) should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community. A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization. During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized. This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes). As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":949, "Sentence":"A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization risk security assessment identify threat ddr programme also conducted ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life. It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support. Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities. However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities. All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned. Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs. A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted. Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible. Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities. Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members. If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme. Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.) should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community. A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization. During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized. This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes). As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":949, "Sentence":"Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization leadership national authority rigorous unambiguous transparent eligibility criterion established decision made number type semipermanent temporary location demobilization sites.during demobilization potential ddr participant screened ascertain eligible ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life. It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support. Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities. However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities. All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned. Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs. A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted. Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible. Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities. Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members. If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme. Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.) should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community. A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization. During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized. This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes). As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":949, "Sentence":"Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization mechanism verify eligibility led conducted close engagement national authority ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life. It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support. Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities. However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities. All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned. Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs. A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted. Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible. Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities. Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members. If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme. Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.) should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community. A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization. During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized. This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes). As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":949, "Sentence":"Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization verification include question concerning location specific battle military base name senior group member ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life. It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support. Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities. However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities. All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned. Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs. A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted. Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible. Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities. Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members. If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme. Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.) should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community. A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization. During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized. This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes). As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":949, "Sentence":"If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization ddr participant found committed clear reasonable indication ddr participant knowingly committed war crime crime humanity terrorist act offences1 and\/or genocide shall removed ddr programme ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life. It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support. Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities. However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities. All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned. Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs. A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted. Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible. Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities. Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members. If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme. Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.) should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community. A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization. During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized. This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes). As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":949, "Sentence":"Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization eligibility established basic registration data name age contact information etc ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life. It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support. Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities. However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities. All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned. Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs. A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted. Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible. Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities. Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members. If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme. Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.) should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community. A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization. During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized. This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes). As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":949, "Sentence":"should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization entered case management system.individuals demobilize also provided orientation briefing physical psychosocial health screening information support return community ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life. It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support. Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities. However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities. All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned. Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs. A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted. Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible. Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities. Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members. If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme. Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.) should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community. A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization. During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized. This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes). As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":949, "Sentence":"A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization discharge document demobilization declaration certificate given former member armed force group proof demobilization ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life. It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support. Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities. However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities. All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned. Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs. A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted. Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible. Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities. Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members. If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme. Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.) should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community. A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization. During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized. This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes). As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":949, "Sentence":"During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilization ddr practitioner also conduct profiling exercise identify obstacle may prevent eligible full participation ddr programme well specific need ambition demobilized ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life. It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support. Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities. However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities. All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned. Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs. A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted. Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible. Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities. Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members. If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme. Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.) should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community. A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization. During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized. This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes). As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":949, "Sentence":"This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization information used inform planning reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.if reinsertion assistance foreseen second stage demobilization operation ddr practitioner also determine appropriate transfer modality cashbased transfer commodity voucher inkind support and\/or public work programme ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Demobilization occurs when members of armed forces and groups transition from military to civilian life. It is the second step of a DDR programme and part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. Demobilization operations shall be designed for combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups have traditionally faced obstacles to entering DDR programmes, so particular attention should be given to facilitating their access to reinsertion and reintegration support. Victims, dependants and community members do not participate in demobilization activities. However, where dependants have accompanied armed forces or groups, provisions may be made for them during demobilization, including for their accommodation or transportation to their communities. All demobilization operations shall be gender and age sensitive, nationally and locally owned, context specific and conflict sensitive.Demobilization must be meticulously planned. Demobilization operations should be preceded by an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize, as well as their immediate needs. A risk and security assessment, to identify threats to the DDR programme, should also be conducted. Under the leadership of national authorities, rigorous, unambiguous and transparent eligibility criteria should be established, and decisions should be made on the number, type (semi-permanent or temporary) and location of demobilization sites.During demobilization, potential DDR participants should be screened to ascertain if they are eligible. Mechanisms to verify eligibility should be led or conducted with the close engagement of the national authorities. Verification can include questions concerning the location of specific battles and military bases, and the names of senior group members. If DDR participants are found to have committed, or there is a clear and reasonable indication that a DDR participant knowingly committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, terrorist acts or offences1 and\/or genocide, they shall be removed from the DDR programme. Once eligibility has been established, basic registration data (name, age, contact information, etc.) should be entered into a case management system.Individuals who demobilize should also be provided with orientation briefings, physical and psychosocial health screenings and information that will support their return to the community. A discharge document, such as a demobilization declaration or certificate, should be given to former members of armed forces and groups as proof of their demobilization. During demobilization, DDR practitioners should also conduct a profiling exercise to identify obstacles that may prevent those eligible from full participation in the DDR programme, as well as the specific needs and ambitions of the demobilized. This information should be used to inform planning for reinsertion and\/or reintegration support.If reinsertion assistance is foreseen as the second stage of the demobilization operation, DDR practitioners should also determine an appropriate transfer modality (cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support and\/or public works programmes). As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":949, "Sentence":"As much as possible, reinsertion assistance should be designed to pave the way for subsequent reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization much possible reinsertion assistance designed pave way subsequent reintegration support ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The aim of this module is to provide guidance to DDR practitioners supporting the planning, design and implementation of demobilization operations during DDR programmes within the framework of peace agreements in mission and non-mission settings. Additional guidance related to the demobilization of women, children, youth, foreign combatants and persons with disabilities can be found in IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR; IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR; IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR; IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements; and IDDRS 5.60 on Disability and DDR.The guidance in this module is also relevant for practitioners supporting demobilization in the context of security sector reform as part of a rightsizing process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In addition, the guidance may be relevant to contexts where the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place. For example, in some instances, DDR practitioners may be called upon to support national entities charged with the application of amnesty laws or other pathways for individuals to leave armed groups and return to civilian status Those individuals who take this route \u2013 reporting to amnesty commissions or the national authorities \u2013 also transition from military to civilian life.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":950, "Sentence":"The aim of this module is to provide guidance to DDR practitioners supporting the planning, design and implementation of demobilization operations during DDR programmes within the framework of peace agreements in mission and non-mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization aim module provide guidance ddr practitioner supporting planning design implementation demobilization operation ddr programme within framework peace agreement mission nonmission setting ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The aim of this module is to provide guidance to DDR practitioners supporting the planning, design and implementation of demobilization operations during DDR programmes within the framework of peace agreements in mission and non-mission settings. Additional guidance related to the demobilization of women, children, youth, foreign combatants and persons with disabilities can be found in IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR; IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR; IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR; IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements; and IDDRS 5.60 on Disability and DDR.The guidance in this module is also relevant for practitioners supporting demobilization in the context of security sector reform as part of a rightsizing process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In addition, the guidance may be relevant to contexts where the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place. For example, in some instances, DDR practitioners may be called upon to support national entities charged with the application of amnesty laws or other pathways for individuals to leave armed groups and return to civilian status Those individuals who take this route \u2013 reporting to amnesty commissions or the national authorities \u2013 also transition from military to civilian life.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":950, "Sentence":"Additional guidance related to the demobilization of women, children, youth, foreign combatants and persons with disabilities can be found in IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR; IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR; IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR; IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements; and IDDRS 5.60 on Disability and DDR.The guidance in this module is also relevant for practitioners supporting demobilization in the context of security sector reform as part of a rightsizing process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization additional guidance related demobilization woman child youth foreign combatant person disability found iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr iddrs 5.20 child ddr iddrs 5.30 youth ddr iddrs 5.40 crossborder population movement iddrs 5.60 disability ddr.the guidance module also relevant practitioner supporting demobilization context security sector reform part rightsizing process see iddrs 6.10 ddr security sector reform ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The aim of this module is to provide guidance to DDR practitioners supporting the planning, design and implementation of demobilization operations during DDR programmes within the framework of peace agreements in mission and non-mission settings. Additional guidance related to the demobilization of women, children, youth, foreign combatants and persons with disabilities can be found in IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR; IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR; IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR; IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements; and IDDRS 5.60 on Disability and DDR.The guidance in this module is also relevant for practitioners supporting demobilization in the context of security sector reform as part of a rightsizing process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In addition, the guidance may be relevant to contexts where the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place. For example, in some instances, DDR practitioners may be called upon to support national entities charged with the application of amnesty laws or other pathways for individuals to leave armed groups and return to civilian status Those individuals who take this route \u2013 reporting to amnesty commissions or the national authorities \u2013 also transition from military to civilian life.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":950, "Sentence":"In addition, the guidance may be relevant to contexts where the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization addition guidance may relevant context precondition ddr programme place ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"The aim of this module is to provide guidance to DDR practitioners supporting the planning, design and implementation of demobilization operations during DDR programmes within the framework of peace agreements in mission and non-mission settings. Additional guidance related to the demobilization of women, children, youth, foreign combatants and persons with disabilities can be found in IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR; IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR; IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR; IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements; and IDDRS 5.60 on Disability and DDR.The guidance in this module is also relevant for practitioners supporting demobilization in the context of security sector reform as part of a rightsizing process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In addition, the guidance may be relevant to contexts where the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place. For example, in some instances, DDR practitioners may be called upon to support national entities charged with the application of amnesty laws or other pathways for individuals to leave armed groups and return to civilian status Those individuals who take this route \u2013 reporting to amnesty commissions or the national authorities \u2013 also transition from military to civilian life.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":950, "Sentence":"For example, in some instances, DDR practitioners may be called upon to support national entities charged with the application of amnesty laws or other pathways for individuals to leave armed groups and return to civilian status Those individuals who take this route \u2013 reporting to amnesty commissions or the national authorities \u2013 also transition from military to civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization example instance ddr practitioner may called upon support national entity charged application amnesty law pathway individual leave armed group return civilian status individual take route \u2013 reporting amnesty commission national authority \u2013 also transition military civilian life ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Demobilization as part of a DDR programme is the separation of members of armed forces and groups from military command and control structures and their transition to civilian status. The first stage of demobilization includes the formal and controlled discharge of members of armed forces and groups in designated sites. A peace agreement provides the political, policy and operational framework for demobilization and may be accompanied by a DDR policy document. When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, the transition from combatant to civilian status can be facilitated and formalized through different approaches by national authorities.Reinsertion, the second stage of demobilization, is transitional assistance offered for a period of up to one year and prior to reintegration support. Reinsertion assistance is offered to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have been formally demobilized.Self-demobilization is the term used in this module to refer to situations where individuals leave armed forces or groups to return to civilian life without reporting to national authorities and officially changing their status from military to civilian.Members of armed forces and groups is the term used in the IDDRS to refer both to combatants (armed) and those who belong to an armed force or group but who serve in a supporting role (generally unarmed, providing logistical and other types of support). The latter are referred to in the IDDRS as \u2018persons associated with armed forces and groups\u2019. The IDDRS use the term \u2018combatant\u2019 in its generic meaning, indicating that these persons do not enjoy the protection against attack accorded to civilians. This also does not imply the right to combatant status or prisoner-of-war status, as applicable in international armed conflicts.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":951, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization annex contains list abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Demobilization as part of a DDR programme is the separation of members of armed forces and groups from military command and control structures and their transition to civilian status. The first stage of demobilization includes the formal and controlled discharge of members of armed forces and groups in designated sites. A peace agreement provides the political, policy and operational framework for demobilization and may be accompanied by a DDR policy document. When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, the transition from combatant to civilian status can be facilitated and formalized through different approaches by national authorities.Reinsertion, the second stage of demobilization, is transitional assistance offered for a period of up to one year and prior to reintegration support. Reinsertion assistance is offered to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have been formally demobilized.Self-demobilization is the term used in this module to refer to situations where individuals leave armed forces or groups to return to civilian life without reporting to national authorities and officially changing their status from military to civilian.Members of armed forces and groups is the term used in the IDDRS to refer both to combatants (armed) and those who belong to an armed force or group but who serve in a supporting role (generally unarmed, providing logistical and other types of support). The latter are referred to in the IDDRS as \u2018persons associated with armed forces and groups\u2019. The IDDRS use the term \u2018combatant\u2019 in its generic meaning, indicating that these persons do not enjoy the protection against attack accorded to civilians. This also does not imply the right to combatant status or prisoner-of-war status, as applicable in international armed conflicts.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":951, "Sentence":"A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization complete glossary term definition abbreviation used iddrs given iddrs 1.20.in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Demobilization as part of a DDR programme is the separation of members of armed forces and groups from military command and control structures and their transition to civilian status. The first stage of demobilization includes the formal and controlled discharge of members of armed forces and groups in designated sites. A peace agreement provides the political, policy and operational framework for demobilization and may be accompanied by a DDR policy document. When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, the transition from combatant to civilian status can be facilitated and formalized through different approaches by national authorities.Reinsertion, the second stage of demobilization, is transitional assistance offered for a period of up to one year and prior to reintegration support. Reinsertion assistance is offered to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have been formally demobilized.Self-demobilization is the term used in this module to refer to situations where individuals leave armed forces or groups to return to civilian life without reporting to national authorities and officially changing their status from military to civilian.Members of armed forces and groups is the term used in the IDDRS to refer both to combatants (armed) and those who belong to an armed force or group but who serve in a supporting role (generally unarmed, providing logistical and other types of support). The latter are referred to in the IDDRS as \u2018persons associated with armed forces and groups\u2019. The IDDRS use the term \u2018combatant\u2019 in its generic meaning, indicating that these persons do not enjoy the protection against attack accorded to civilians. This also does not imply the right to combatant status or prisoner-of-war status, as applicable in international armed conflicts.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":951, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Demobilization as part of a DDR programme is the separation of members of armed forces and groups from military command and control structures and their transition to civilian status.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization use consistent language used international organization standardization standard guideline n \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action n \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability n e \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation.demobilization part ddr programme separation member armed force group military command control structure transition civilian status ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Demobilization as part of a DDR programme is the separation of members of armed forces and groups from military command and control structures and their transition to civilian status. The first stage of demobilization includes the formal and controlled discharge of members of armed forces and groups in designated sites. A peace agreement provides the political, policy and operational framework for demobilization and may be accompanied by a DDR policy document. When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, the transition from combatant to civilian status can be facilitated and formalized through different approaches by national authorities.Reinsertion, the second stage of demobilization, is transitional assistance offered for a period of up to one year and prior to reintegration support. Reinsertion assistance is offered to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have been formally demobilized.Self-demobilization is the term used in this module to refer to situations where individuals leave armed forces or groups to return to civilian life without reporting to national authorities and officially changing their status from military to civilian.Members of armed forces and groups is the term used in the IDDRS to refer both to combatants (armed) and those who belong to an armed force or group but who serve in a supporting role (generally unarmed, providing logistical and other types of support). The latter are referred to in the IDDRS as \u2018persons associated with armed forces and groups\u2019. The IDDRS use the term \u2018combatant\u2019 in its generic meaning, indicating that these persons do not enjoy the protection against attack accorded to civilians. This also does not imply the right to combatant status or prisoner-of-war status, as applicable in international armed conflicts.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":951, "Sentence":"The first stage of demobilization includes the formal and controlled discharge of members of armed forces and groups in designated sites.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization first stage demobilization includes formal controlled discharge member armed force group designated site ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Demobilization as part of a DDR programme is the separation of members of armed forces and groups from military command and control structures and their transition to civilian status. The first stage of demobilization includes the formal and controlled discharge of members of armed forces and groups in designated sites. A peace agreement provides the political, policy and operational framework for demobilization and may be accompanied by a DDR policy document. When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, the transition from combatant to civilian status can be facilitated and formalized through different approaches by national authorities.Reinsertion, the second stage of demobilization, is transitional assistance offered for a period of up to one year and prior to reintegration support. Reinsertion assistance is offered to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have been formally demobilized.Self-demobilization is the term used in this module to refer to situations where individuals leave armed forces or groups to return to civilian life without reporting to national authorities and officially changing their status from military to civilian.Members of armed forces and groups is the term used in the IDDRS to refer both to combatants (armed) and those who belong to an armed force or group but who serve in a supporting role (generally unarmed, providing logistical and other types of support). The latter are referred to in the IDDRS as \u2018persons associated with armed forces and groups\u2019. The IDDRS use the term \u2018combatant\u2019 in its generic meaning, indicating that these persons do not enjoy the protection against attack accorded to civilians. This also does not imply the right to combatant status or prisoner-of-war status, as applicable in international armed conflicts.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":951, "Sentence":"A peace agreement provides the political, policy and operational framework for demobilization and may be accompanied by a DDR policy document.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization peace agreement provides political policy operational framework demobilization may accompanied ddr policy document ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Demobilization as part of a DDR programme is the separation of members of armed forces and groups from military command and control structures and their transition to civilian status. The first stage of demobilization includes the formal and controlled discharge of members of armed forces and groups in designated sites. A peace agreement provides the political, policy and operational framework for demobilization and may be accompanied by a DDR policy document. When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, the transition from combatant to civilian status can be facilitated and formalized through different approaches by national authorities.Reinsertion, the second stage of demobilization, is transitional assistance offered for a period of up to one year and prior to reintegration support. Reinsertion assistance is offered to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have been formally demobilized.Self-demobilization is the term used in this module to refer to situations where individuals leave armed forces or groups to return to civilian life without reporting to national authorities and officially changing their status from military to civilian.Members of armed forces and groups is the term used in the IDDRS to refer both to combatants (armed) and those who belong to an armed force or group but who serve in a supporting role (generally unarmed, providing logistical and other types of support). The latter are referred to in the IDDRS as \u2018persons associated with armed forces and groups\u2019. The IDDRS use the term \u2018combatant\u2019 in its generic meaning, indicating that these persons do not enjoy the protection against attack accorded to civilians. This also does not imply the right to combatant status or prisoner-of-war status, as applicable in international armed conflicts.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":951, "Sentence":"When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, the transition from combatant to civilian status can be facilitated and formalized through different approaches by national authorities.Reinsertion, the second stage of demobilization, is transitional assistance offered for a period of up to one year and prior to reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization precondition ddr programme exist transition combatant civilian status facilitated formalized different approach national authorities.reinsertion second stage demobilization transitional assistance offered period one year prior reintegration support ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Demobilization as part of a DDR programme is the separation of members of armed forces and groups from military command and control structures and their transition to civilian status. The first stage of demobilization includes the formal and controlled discharge of members of armed forces and groups in designated sites. A peace agreement provides the political, policy and operational framework for demobilization and may be accompanied by a DDR policy document. When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, the transition from combatant to civilian status can be facilitated and formalized through different approaches by national authorities.Reinsertion, the second stage of demobilization, is transitional assistance offered for a period of up to one year and prior to reintegration support. Reinsertion assistance is offered to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have been formally demobilized.Self-demobilization is the term used in this module to refer to situations where individuals leave armed forces or groups to return to civilian life without reporting to national authorities and officially changing their status from military to civilian.Members of armed forces and groups is the term used in the IDDRS to refer both to combatants (armed) and those who belong to an armed force or group but who serve in a supporting role (generally unarmed, providing logistical and other types of support). The latter are referred to in the IDDRS as \u2018persons associated with armed forces and groups\u2019. The IDDRS use the term \u2018combatant\u2019 in its generic meaning, indicating that these persons do not enjoy the protection against attack accorded to civilians. This also does not imply the right to combatant status or prisoner-of-war status, as applicable in international armed conflicts.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":951, "Sentence":"Reinsertion assistance is offered to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have been formally demobilized.Self-demobilization is the term used in this module to refer to situations where individuals leave armed forces or groups to return to civilian life without reporting to national authorities and officially changing their status from military to civilian.Members of armed forces and groups is the term used in the IDDRS to refer both to combatants (armed) and those who belong to an armed force or group but who serve in a supporting role (generally unarmed, providing logistical and other types of support).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization reinsertion assistance offered combatant person associated armed force group formally demobilized.selfdemobilization term used module refer situation individual leave armed force group return civilian life without reporting national authority officially changing status military civilian.members armed force group term used iddrs refer combatant armed belong armed force group serve supporting role generally unarmed providing logistical type support ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Demobilization as part of a DDR programme is the separation of members of armed forces and groups from military command and control structures and their transition to civilian status. The first stage of demobilization includes the formal and controlled discharge of members of armed forces and groups in designated sites. A peace agreement provides the political, policy and operational framework for demobilization and may be accompanied by a DDR policy document. When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, the transition from combatant to civilian status can be facilitated and formalized through different approaches by national authorities.Reinsertion, the second stage of demobilization, is transitional assistance offered for a period of up to one year and prior to reintegration support. Reinsertion assistance is offered to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have been formally demobilized.Self-demobilization is the term used in this module to refer to situations where individuals leave armed forces or groups to return to civilian life without reporting to national authorities and officially changing their status from military to civilian.Members of armed forces and groups is the term used in the IDDRS to refer both to combatants (armed) and those who belong to an armed force or group but who serve in a supporting role (generally unarmed, providing logistical and other types of support). The latter are referred to in the IDDRS as \u2018persons associated with armed forces and groups\u2019. The IDDRS use the term \u2018combatant\u2019 in its generic meaning, indicating that these persons do not enjoy the protection against attack accorded to civilians. This also does not imply the right to combatant status or prisoner-of-war status, as applicable in international armed conflicts.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":951, "Sentence":"The latter are referred to in the IDDRS as \u2018persons associated with armed forces and groups\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization latter referred iddrs \u2018 person associated armed force group \u2019 ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Demobilization as part of a DDR programme is the separation of members of armed forces and groups from military command and control structures and their transition to civilian status. The first stage of demobilization includes the formal and controlled discharge of members of armed forces and groups in designated sites. A peace agreement provides the political, policy and operational framework for demobilization and may be accompanied by a DDR policy document. When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, the transition from combatant to civilian status can be facilitated and formalized through different approaches by national authorities.Reinsertion, the second stage of demobilization, is transitional assistance offered for a period of up to one year and prior to reintegration support. Reinsertion assistance is offered to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have been formally demobilized.Self-demobilization is the term used in this module to refer to situations where individuals leave armed forces or groups to return to civilian life without reporting to national authorities and officially changing their status from military to civilian.Members of armed forces and groups is the term used in the IDDRS to refer both to combatants (armed) and those who belong to an armed force or group but who serve in a supporting role (generally unarmed, providing logistical and other types of support). The latter are referred to in the IDDRS as \u2018persons associated with armed forces and groups\u2019. The IDDRS use the term \u2018combatant\u2019 in its generic meaning, indicating that these persons do not enjoy the protection against attack accorded to civilians. This also does not imply the right to combatant status or prisoner-of-war status, as applicable in international armed conflicts.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":951, "Sentence":"The IDDRS use the term \u2018combatant\u2019 in its generic meaning, indicating that these persons do not enjoy the protection against attack accorded to civilians.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs use term \u2018 combatant \u2019 generic meaning indicating person enjoy protection attack accorded civilian ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n a)\u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b)\u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c)\u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d)\u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e)\u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Demobilization as part of a DDR programme is the separation of members of armed forces and groups from military command and control structures and their transition to civilian status. The first stage of demobilization includes the formal and controlled discharge of members of armed forces and groups in designated sites. A peace agreement provides the political, policy and operational framework for demobilization and may be accompanied by a DDR policy document. When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, the transition from combatant to civilian status can be facilitated and formalized through different approaches by national authorities.Reinsertion, the second stage of demobilization, is transitional assistance offered for a period of up to one year and prior to reintegration support. Reinsertion assistance is offered to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have been formally demobilized.Self-demobilization is the term used in this module to refer to situations where individuals leave armed forces or groups to return to civilian life without reporting to national authorities and officially changing their status from military to civilian.Members of armed forces and groups is the term used in the IDDRS to refer both to combatants (armed) and those who belong to an armed force or group but who serve in a supporting role (generally unarmed, providing logistical and other types of support). The latter are referred to in the IDDRS as \u2018persons associated with armed forces and groups\u2019. The IDDRS use the term \u2018combatant\u2019 in its generic meaning, indicating that these persons do not enjoy the protection against attack accorded to civilians. This also does not imply the right to combatant status or prisoner-of-war status, as applicable in international armed conflicts.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":951, "Sentence":"This also does not imply the right to combatant status or prisoner-of-war status, as applicable in international armed conflicts.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization also imply right combatant status prisonerofwar status applicable international armed conflict ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilization officially certifies individual \u2019 change status member armed force group civilian ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization combatant person associated armed force group formally acquire civilian status receive official documentation confirms new status.demobilization contributes rightsizing armed force complete disbanding armed group disbanding armed force group view forming new armed force ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization generally part demilitarization effort society emerging conflict ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization therefore symbolically important step consolidation peace particularly within framework implementation peace agreements.demobilization second component ddr programme ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization ddr programme require certain precondition order viable including signing negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement provides framework ddr trust peace process willingness party armed conflict engage ddr minimum guarantee security see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr.when demobilization contributes rightsizing armed force disbanding creation new armed force part security sector reform process see iddrs 6.10 ddr security sector reform ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization context integrated armed force may demobilized provided reintegration support see iddrs 2.40 reintegration part sustaining peace iddrs 4.30 reintegration.combatants person associated armed force group may experience challenge related demobilization transition civilian life ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization armed force group often effective socializing member violence military way life ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization training initiation ritual hazing common method military socialization ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"So too are shared experiences of violence and combat.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization shared experience violence combat ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization leaving armed force group individual may experience difficulty shedding military identity well rejection stigmatization community ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilization mean adjustment new role status new routine family home life ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization person demobilize may also experience loss purpose difficulty creating sustaining livelihood loss military community friendships.the way individual demobilizes implication type support ddr practitioner provide ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization example demobilized part ddr programme entitled reinsertion reintegration support ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization however instance individual may decide return civilian life without first reporting passing official process formalize civilian status ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization ddr practitioner shall aware providing targeted assistance individual may create severe legal reputational risk un ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization selfdemobilized individual may however benefit broader nontargeted community based reintegration support part developmental peacebuilding effort implemented community settlement ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization standard operating procedure address case shall developed jointly national authority responsible ddr.box 1 ddr programme place n precondition ddr programme exist combatant person associated armed force group may still decide leave armed force group either individually small group ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization individual leave armed force group many different reason ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization become tired life combatant others sick wounded longer continue fight ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization leave disillusioned goal group see greater benefit civilian life believe ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"\\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n circumstance state also encourage type voluntary exit offering safe pathway group either push remain towards negotiated settlement deplete military capacity group order render vulnerable defeat ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization individual might report amnesty commission state institution formally recognize transition civilian status ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization transition civilian status way may eligible receive assistance ddrrelated tool community violence reduction initiative and\/or provided reintegration support see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization transitional assistance similar reinsertion part ddr programme may also provided individual ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Demobilization officially certifies an individual\u2019s change of status from being a member of an armed force or group to being a civilian. Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups formally acquire civilian status when they receive official documentation that confirms their new status.Demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces, the complete disbanding of armed groups, or the disbanding of armed forces and groups with a view to forming new armed forces. It is generally part of the demilitarization efforts of a society emerging from conflict. It is therefore a symbolically important step in the consolidation of peace, particularly within the framework of the implementation of peace agreements.Demobilization is the second component of a DDR programme. DDR programmes require certain preconditions in order to be viable, including the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and\/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).When demobilization contributes to the rightsizing of armed forces or the disbanding and creation of new armed forces, it is part of a security sector reform process (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). In such a context, those who are not integrated into the armed forces may be demobilized and provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may experience challenges related to demobilization and the transition to civilian life. Armed forces and groups are often effective in socializing their members to violence and military ways of life. Training, initiation rituals and hazing are common methods of military socialization. So too are shared experiences of violence and combat. When leaving armed forces and groups, individuals may experience difficulties in shedding their military identity as well as rejection and stigmatization in their communities. Demobilization can mean adjustment to a new role and status, and new routines of family or home life. Persons who demobilize may also experience a loss of purpose, difficulty in creating and sustaining a livelihood, and a loss of military community and friendships.The way in which an individual demobilizes has implications for the type of support that DDR practitioners can and should provide. For example, those who are demobilized as part of a DDR programme are entitled to reinsertion and reintegration support. However, in some instances, individuals may decide to return to civilian life without first reporting to and passing through an official process to formalize their civilian status. DDR practitioners shall be aware that providing targeted assistance to these individuals may create severe legal and reputational risks for the UN. Such self-demobilized individuals may, however, benefit from broader, non-targeted community- based reintegration support as part of developmental and peacebuilding efforts implemented in their community of settlement. Standard operating procedures on how to address such cases shall be developed jointly with the national authorities responsible for DDR.BOX 1: WHEN NO DDR PROGRAMME IS IN PLACE \\n When the preconditions for a DDR programme do not exist, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups may still decide to leave armed forces and groups, either individually or in small groups. Individuals leave armed forces and groups for many different reasons. Some become tired of life as a combatant, while others are sick or wounded and can no longer continue to fight. Some leave because they are disillusioned with the goals of the group, they see greater benefit in civilian life or they believe they have won. \\n In some circumstances, States also encourage this type of voluntary exit by offering safe pathways out of the group, either to push those who remain towards negotiated settlement or to deplete the military capacity of these groups in order to render them more vulnerable to defeat. These individuals might report to an amnesty commission or to State institutions that will formally recognize their transition to civilian status. Those who transition to civilian status in this way may be eligible to receive assistance through DDR-related tools such as community violence reduction initiatives and\/or to be provided with reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Transitional assistance (similar to reinsertion as part of a DDR programme) may also be provided to these individuals. Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":952, "Sentence":"Different considerations and requirements apply when armed groups are designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization different consideration requirement apply armed group designated terrorist organization see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":953, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":953, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization.iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":953, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":954, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":954, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":955, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":955, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":956, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":956, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":957, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":957, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":958, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":958, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":959, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":959, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":960, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":960, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":961, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":961, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":962, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":962, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"4.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":963, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"4.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":963, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"4.6.2 Accountable and transparent", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":964, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"4.6.2 Accountable and transparent", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":964, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":965, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":965, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":966, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":966, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":967, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":967, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":968, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":968, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.1 Safety and security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":969, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.1 Safety and security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":969, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.2 Planning, assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":970, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.2 Planning, assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":970, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.11 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":971, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.11 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":971, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization section outline principle apply demobilization ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"To effectively demobilize members of armed forces and groups, meticulous planning is required. At a minimum, planning for demobilization operations should include information collection; agreement with national authorities on eligibility criteria; decisions on the type, number and location of demobilization sites; decisions on the type of transfer modality for reinsertion assistance; a risk and security assessment; the development of standard operating procedures; and the creation of a demobilization team. All demobilization operations shall be based on gender- and age-responsive analysis and shall be developed in close cooperation with the national authorities or institutions responsible for the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":972, "Sentence":"To effectively demobilize members of armed forces and groups, meticulous planning is required.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization effectively demobilize member armed force group meticulous planning required ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"To effectively demobilize members of armed forces and groups, meticulous planning is required. At a minimum, planning for demobilization operations should include information collection; agreement with national authorities on eligibility criteria; decisions on the type, number and location of demobilization sites; decisions on the type of transfer modality for reinsertion assistance; a risk and security assessment; the development of standard operating procedures; and the creation of a demobilization team. All demobilization operations shall be based on gender- and age-responsive analysis and shall be developed in close cooperation with the national authorities or institutions responsible for the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":972, "Sentence":"At a minimum, planning for demobilization operations should include information collection; agreement with national authorities on eligibility criteria; decisions on the type, number and location of demobilization sites; decisions on the type of transfer modality for reinsertion assistance; a risk and security assessment; the development of standard operating procedures; and the creation of a demobilization team.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization minimum planning demobilization operation include information collection agreement national authority eligibility criterion decision type number location demobilization site decision type transfer modality reinsertion assistance risk security assessment development standard operating procedure creation demobilization team ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"To effectively demobilize members of armed forces and groups, meticulous planning is required. At a minimum, planning for demobilization operations should include information collection; agreement with national authorities on eligibility criteria; decisions on the type, number and location of demobilization sites; decisions on the type of transfer modality for reinsertion assistance; a risk and security assessment; the development of standard operating procedures; and the creation of a demobilization team. All demobilization operations shall be based on gender- and age-responsive analysis and shall be developed in close cooperation with the national authorities or institutions responsible for the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":972, "Sentence":"All demobilization operations shall be based on gender- and age-responsive analysis and shall be developed in close cooperation with the national authorities or institutions responsible for the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilization operation shall based gender ageresponsive analysis shall developed close cooperation national authority institution responsible ddr programme ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Planning for demobilization should be based on an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize. This should include the number of members of armed forces and groups but also the number of dependants who are expected to accompany them. To the extent possible, this assessment should be disaggregated by sex and age, and include data on specific sub-groups such as foreign combatants and persons with disabilities. Armed forces and groups that have signed on to peace agreements are likely to provide reliable information on their memberships and the location of their bases only when there is no strategic advantage to be gained from keeping this information secret. Disclosures at a very early planning stage can therefore be quite unreliable, and should be complemented by information from a variety of (independent) sources (see box 1 on How to Collect Information in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). All assessments should be regularly updated in order to respond to changing circumstances on the ground.In addition to these assessments, planning for reinsertion should be informed by an analysis of the preferences and needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. These immediate needs may be wide-ranging and include food, clothes, health care, psychosocial support, children\u2019s education, shelter, agricultural tools and other materials needed to earn a livelihood. The profiling exercises undertaken at demobilization sites (see section 6.3) may allow for the tailoring of reinsertion and reintegration assistance \u2013 i.e., matching individual needs to the reinsertion options on offer. However, profiling undertaken at demobilization sites will likely occur too late for reinsertion planning purposes. For these reasons, the following assessments should be conducted as early as possible, before demobilization gets underway: \\n An analysis of the needs and preferences of ex-combatants and associated persons; \\n Market analysis; \\n A review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation (if cash-based transfers are being considered); \\n Gender analysis; \\n Feasibility studies; and \\n Assessments of the capacity of potential implementing partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":973, "Sentence":"Planning for demobilization should be based on an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization planning demobilization based indepth assessment location number type individual expected demobilize ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Planning for demobilization should be based on an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize. This should include the number of members of armed forces and groups but also the number of dependants who are expected to accompany them. To the extent possible, this assessment should be disaggregated by sex and age, and include data on specific sub-groups such as foreign combatants and persons with disabilities. Armed forces and groups that have signed on to peace agreements are likely to provide reliable information on their memberships and the location of their bases only when there is no strategic advantage to be gained from keeping this information secret. Disclosures at a very early planning stage can therefore be quite unreliable, and should be complemented by information from a variety of (independent) sources (see box 1 on How to Collect Information in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). All assessments should be regularly updated in order to respond to changing circumstances on the ground.In addition to these assessments, planning for reinsertion should be informed by an analysis of the preferences and needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. These immediate needs may be wide-ranging and include food, clothes, health care, psychosocial support, children\u2019s education, shelter, agricultural tools and other materials needed to earn a livelihood. The profiling exercises undertaken at demobilization sites (see section 6.3) may allow for the tailoring of reinsertion and reintegration assistance \u2013 i.e., matching individual needs to the reinsertion options on offer. However, profiling undertaken at demobilization sites will likely occur too late for reinsertion planning purposes. For these reasons, the following assessments should be conducted as early as possible, before demobilization gets underway: \\n An analysis of the needs and preferences of ex-combatants and associated persons; \\n Market analysis; \\n A review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation (if cash-based transfers are being considered); \\n Gender analysis; \\n Feasibility studies; and \\n Assessments of the capacity of potential implementing partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":973, "Sentence":"This should include the number of members of armed forces and groups but also the number of dependants who are expected to accompany them.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization include number member armed force group also number dependant expected accompany ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Planning for demobilization should be based on an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize. This should include the number of members of armed forces and groups but also the number of dependants who are expected to accompany them. To the extent possible, this assessment should be disaggregated by sex and age, and include data on specific sub-groups such as foreign combatants and persons with disabilities. Armed forces and groups that have signed on to peace agreements are likely to provide reliable information on their memberships and the location of their bases only when there is no strategic advantage to be gained from keeping this information secret. Disclosures at a very early planning stage can therefore be quite unreliable, and should be complemented by information from a variety of (independent) sources (see box 1 on How to Collect Information in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). All assessments should be regularly updated in order to respond to changing circumstances on the ground.In addition to these assessments, planning for reinsertion should be informed by an analysis of the preferences and needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. These immediate needs may be wide-ranging and include food, clothes, health care, psychosocial support, children\u2019s education, shelter, agricultural tools and other materials needed to earn a livelihood. The profiling exercises undertaken at demobilization sites (see section 6.3) may allow for the tailoring of reinsertion and reintegration assistance \u2013 i.e., matching individual needs to the reinsertion options on offer. However, profiling undertaken at demobilization sites will likely occur too late for reinsertion planning purposes. For these reasons, the following assessments should be conducted as early as possible, before demobilization gets underway: \\n An analysis of the needs and preferences of ex-combatants and associated persons; \\n Market analysis; \\n A review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation (if cash-based transfers are being considered); \\n Gender analysis; \\n Feasibility studies; and \\n Assessments of the capacity of potential implementing partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":973, "Sentence":"To the extent possible, this assessment should be disaggregated by sex and age, and include data on specific sub-groups such as foreign combatants and persons with disabilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization extent possible assessment disaggregated sex age include data specific subgroup foreign combatant person disability ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Planning for demobilization should be based on an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize. This should include the number of members of armed forces and groups but also the number of dependants who are expected to accompany them. To the extent possible, this assessment should be disaggregated by sex and age, and include data on specific sub-groups such as foreign combatants and persons with disabilities. Armed forces and groups that have signed on to peace agreements are likely to provide reliable information on their memberships and the location of their bases only when there is no strategic advantage to be gained from keeping this information secret. Disclosures at a very early planning stage can therefore be quite unreliable, and should be complemented by information from a variety of (independent) sources (see box 1 on How to Collect Information in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). All assessments should be regularly updated in order to respond to changing circumstances on the ground.In addition to these assessments, planning for reinsertion should be informed by an analysis of the preferences and needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. These immediate needs may be wide-ranging and include food, clothes, health care, psychosocial support, children\u2019s education, shelter, agricultural tools and other materials needed to earn a livelihood. The profiling exercises undertaken at demobilization sites (see section 6.3) may allow for the tailoring of reinsertion and reintegration assistance \u2013 i.e., matching individual needs to the reinsertion options on offer. However, profiling undertaken at demobilization sites will likely occur too late for reinsertion planning purposes. For these reasons, the following assessments should be conducted as early as possible, before demobilization gets underway: \\n An analysis of the needs and preferences of ex-combatants and associated persons; \\n Market analysis; \\n A review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation (if cash-based transfers are being considered); \\n Gender analysis; \\n Feasibility studies; and \\n Assessments of the capacity of potential implementing partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":973, "Sentence":"Armed forces and groups that have signed on to peace agreements are likely to provide reliable information on their memberships and the location of their bases only when there is no strategic advantage to be gained from keeping this information secret.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization armed force group signed peace agreement likely provide reliable information membership location base strategic advantage gained keeping information secret ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Planning for demobilization should be based on an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize. This should include the number of members of armed forces and groups but also the number of dependants who are expected to accompany them. To the extent possible, this assessment should be disaggregated by sex and age, and include data on specific sub-groups such as foreign combatants and persons with disabilities. Armed forces and groups that have signed on to peace agreements are likely to provide reliable information on their memberships and the location of their bases only when there is no strategic advantage to be gained from keeping this information secret. Disclosures at a very early planning stage can therefore be quite unreliable, and should be complemented by information from a variety of (independent) sources (see box 1 on How to Collect Information in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). All assessments should be regularly updated in order to respond to changing circumstances on the ground.In addition to these assessments, planning for reinsertion should be informed by an analysis of the preferences and needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. These immediate needs may be wide-ranging and include food, clothes, health care, psychosocial support, children\u2019s education, shelter, agricultural tools and other materials needed to earn a livelihood. The profiling exercises undertaken at demobilization sites (see section 6.3) may allow for the tailoring of reinsertion and reintegration assistance \u2013 i.e., matching individual needs to the reinsertion options on offer. However, profiling undertaken at demobilization sites will likely occur too late for reinsertion planning purposes. For these reasons, the following assessments should be conducted as early as possible, before demobilization gets underway: \\n An analysis of the needs and preferences of ex-combatants and associated persons; \\n Market analysis; \\n A review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation (if cash-based transfers are being considered); \\n Gender analysis; \\n Feasibility studies; and \\n Assessments of the capacity of potential implementing partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":973, "Sentence":"Disclosures at a very early planning stage can therefore be quite unreliable, and should be complemented by information from a variety of (independent) sources (see box 1 on How to Collect Information in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization disclosure early planning stage therefore quite unreliable complemented information variety independent source see box 1 collect information iddrs 4.10 disarmament ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Planning for demobilization should be based on an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize. This should include the number of members of armed forces and groups but also the number of dependants who are expected to accompany them. To the extent possible, this assessment should be disaggregated by sex and age, and include data on specific sub-groups such as foreign combatants and persons with disabilities. Armed forces and groups that have signed on to peace agreements are likely to provide reliable information on their memberships and the location of their bases only when there is no strategic advantage to be gained from keeping this information secret. Disclosures at a very early planning stage can therefore be quite unreliable, and should be complemented by information from a variety of (independent) sources (see box 1 on How to Collect Information in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). All assessments should be regularly updated in order to respond to changing circumstances on the ground.In addition to these assessments, planning for reinsertion should be informed by an analysis of the preferences and needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. These immediate needs may be wide-ranging and include food, clothes, health care, psychosocial support, children\u2019s education, shelter, agricultural tools and other materials needed to earn a livelihood. The profiling exercises undertaken at demobilization sites (see section 6.3) may allow for the tailoring of reinsertion and reintegration assistance \u2013 i.e., matching individual needs to the reinsertion options on offer. However, profiling undertaken at demobilization sites will likely occur too late for reinsertion planning purposes. For these reasons, the following assessments should be conducted as early as possible, before demobilization gets underway: \\n An analysis of the needs and preferences of ex-combatants and associated persons; \\n Market analysis; \\n A review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation (if cash-based transfers are being considered); \\n Gender analysis; \\n Feasibility studies; and \\n Assessments of the capacity of potential implementing partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":973, "Sentence":"All assessments should be regularly updated in order to respond to changing circumstances on the ground.In addition to these assessments, planning for reinsertion should be informed by an analysis of the preferences and needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization assessment regularly updated order respond changing circumstance ground.in addition assessment planning reinsertion informed analysis preference need excombatants person formerly associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Planning for demobilization should be based on an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize. This should include the number of members of armed forces and groups but also the number of dependants who are expected to accompany them. To the extent possible, this assessment should be disaggregated by sex and age, and include data on specific sub-groups such as foreign combatants and persons with disabilities. Armed forces and groups that have signed on to peace agreements are likely to provide reliable information on their memberships and the location of their bases only when there is no strategic advantage to be gained from keeping this information secret. Disclosures at a very early planning stage can therefore be quite unreliable, and should be complemented by information from a variety of (independent) sources (see box 1 on How to Collect Information in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). All assessments should be regularly updated in order to respond to changing circumstances on the ground.In addition to these assessments, planning for reinsertion should be informed by an analysis of the preferences and needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. These immediate needs may be wide-ranging and include food, clothes, health care, psychosocial support, children\u2019s education, shelter, agricultural tools and other materials needed to earn a livelihood. The profiling exercises undertaken at demobilization sites (see section 6.3) may allow for the tailoring of reinsertion and reintegration assistance \u2013 i.e., matching individual needs to the reinsertion options on offer. However, profiling undertaken at demobilization sites will likely occur too late for reinsertion planning purposes. For these reasons, the following assessments should be conducted as early as possible, before demobilization gets underway: \\n An analysis of the needs and preferences of ex-combatants and associated persons; \\n Market analysis; \\n A review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation (if cash-based transfers are being considered); \\n Gender analysis; \\n Feasibility studies; and \\n Assessments of the capacity of potential implementing partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":973, "Sentence":"These immediate needs may be wide-ranging and include food, clothes, health care, psychosocial support, children\u2019s education, shelter, agricultural tools and other materials needed to earn a livelihood.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization immediate need may wideranging include food clothes health care psychosocial support child \u2019 education shelter agricultural tool material needed earn livelihood ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Planning for demobilization should be based on an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize. This should include the number of members of armed forces and groups but also the number of dependants who are expected to accompany them. To the extent possible, this assessment should be disaggregated by sex and age, and include data on specific sub-groups such as foreign combatants and persons with disabilities. Armed forces and groups that have signed on to peace agreements are likely to provide reliable information on their memberships and the location of their bases only when there is no strategic advantage to be gained from keeping this information secret. Disclosures at a very early planning stage can therefore be quite unreliable, and should be complemented by information from a variety of (independent) sources (see box 1 on How to Collect Information in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). All assessments should be regularly updated in order to respond to changing circumstances on the ground.In addition to these assessments, planning for reinsertion should be informed by an analysis of the preferences and needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. These immediate needs may be wide-ranging and include food, clothes, health care, psychosocial support, children\u2019s education, shelter, agricultural tools and other materials needed to earn a livelihood. The profiling exercises undertaken at demobilization sites (see section 6.3) may allow for the tailoring of reinsertion and reintegration assistance \u2013 i.e., matching individual needs to the reinsertion options on offer. However, profiling undertaken at demobilization sites will likely occur too late for reinsertion planning purposes. For these reasons, the following assessments should be conducted as early as possible, before demobilization gets underway: \\n An analysis of the needs and preferences of ex-combatants and associated persons; \\n Market analysis; \\n A review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation (if cash-based transfers are being considered); \\n Gender analysis; \\n Feasibility studies; and \\n Assessments of the capacity of potential implementing partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":973, "Sentence":"The profiling exercises undertaken at demobilization sites (see section 6.3) may allow for the tailoring of reinsertion and reintegration assistance \u2013 i.e., matching individual needs to the reinsertion options on offer.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization profiling exercise undertaken demobilization site see section 6.3 may allow tailoring reinsertion reintegration assistance \u2013 i.e . matching individual need reinsertion option offer ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Planning for demobilization should be based on an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize. This should include the number of members of armed forces and groups but also the number of dependants who are expected to accompany them. To the extent possible, this assessment should be disaggregated by sex and age, and include data on specific sub-groups such as foreign combatants and persons with disabilities. Armed forces and groups that have signed on to peace agreements are likely to provide reliable information on their memberships and the location of their bases only when there is no strategic advantage to be gained from keeping this information secret. Disclosures at a very early planning stage can therefore be quite unreliable, and should be complemented by information from a variety of (independent) sources (see box 1 on How to Collect Information in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). All assessments should be regularly updated in order to respond to changing circumstances on the ground.In addition to these assessments, planning for reinsertion should be informed by an analysis of the preferences and needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. These immediate needs may be wide-ranging and include food, clothes, health care, psychosocial support, children\u2019s education, shelter, agricultural tools and other materials needed to earn a livelihood. The profiling exercises undertaken at demobilization sites (see section 6.3) may allow for the tailoring of reinsertion and reintegration assistance \u2013 i.e., matching individual needs to the reinsertion options on offer. However, profiling undertaken at demobilization sites will likely occur too late for reinsertion planning purposes. For these reasons, the following assessments should be conducted as early as possible, before demobilization gets underway: \\n An analysis of the needs and preferences of ex-combatants and associated persons; \\n Market analysis; \\n A review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation (if cash-based transfers are being considered); \\n Gender analysis; \\n Feasibility studies; and \\n Assessments of the capacity of potential implementing partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":973, "Sentence":"However, profiling undertaken at demobilization sites will likely occur too late for reinsertion planning purposes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization however profiling undertaken demobilization site likely occur late reinsertion planning purpose ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.1 Information collection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Planning for demobilization should be based on an in-depth assessment of the location, number and type of individuals who are expected to demobilize. This should include the number of members of armed forces and groups but also the number of dependants who are expected to accompany them. To the extent possible, this assessment should be disaggregated by sex and age, and include data on specific sub-groups such as foreign combatants and persons with disabilities. Armed forces and groups that have signed on to peace agreements are likely to provide reliable information on their memberships and the location of their bases only when there is no strategic advantage to be gained from keeping this information secret. Disclosures at a very early planning stage can therefore be quite unreliable, and should be complemented by information from a variety of (independent) sources (see box 1 on How to Collect Information in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). All assessments should be regularly updated in order to respond to changing circumstances on the ground.In addition to these assessments, planning for reinsertion should be informed by an analysis of the preferences and needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. These immediate needs may be wide-ranging and include food, clothes, health care, psychosocial support, children\u2019s education, shelter, agricultural tools and other materials needed to earn a livelihood. The profiling exercises undertaken at demobilization sites (see section 6.3) may allow for the tailoring of reinsertion and reintegration assistance \u2013 i.e., matching individual needs to the reinsertion options on offer. However, profiling undertaken at demobilization sites will likely occur too late for reinsertion planning purposes. For these reasons, the following assessments should be conducted as early as possible, before demobilization gets underway: \\n An analysis of the needs and preferences of ex-combatants and associated persons; \\n Market analysis; \\n A review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation (if cash-based transfers are being considered); \\n Gender analysis; \\n Feasibility studies; and \\n Assessments of the capacity of potential implementing partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":973, "Sentence":"For these reasons, the following assessments should be conducted as early as possible, before demobilization gets underway: \\n An analysis of the needs and preferences of ex-combatants and associated persons; \\n Market analysis; \\n A review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation (if cash-based transfers are being considered); \\n Gender analysis; \\n Feasibility studies; and \\n Assessments of the capacity of potential implementing partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization reason following assessment conducted early possible demobilization get underway n analysis need preference excombatants associated person n market analysis n review local economy \u2019 capacity absorb cash inflation cashbased transfer considered n gender analysis n feasibility study n assessment capacity potential implementing partner ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 Eligibility criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties. Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender. When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2). While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family). \\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme. Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":974, "Sentence":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization establishing rigorous unambiguous transparent nationally owned criterion allow people participate ddr programme vital ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 Eligibility criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties. Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender. When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2). While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family). \\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme. Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":974, "Sentence":"Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization eligibility criterion must carefully designed agreed party ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 Eligibility criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties. Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender. When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2). While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family). \\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme. Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":974, "Sentence":"Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization eligibility ddr programme may may require physical possession weapon and\/or ammunition depending context ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 Eligibility criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties. Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender. When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2). While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family). \\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme. Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":974, "Sentence":"The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization determination eligibility criterion shall based peace agreement ceasefire document include relevant provision well result aforementioned integrated assessment ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 Eligibility criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties. Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender. When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2). While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family). \\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme. Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":974, "Sentence":"In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization either case eligibility ddr programme must gender inclusive shall discriminate basis age gender ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 Eligibility criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties. Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender. When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2). While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family). \\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme. Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":974, "Sentence":"When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization preddr implemented prior onset full ddr programme process determining eligibility criterion shall used information preddr eligibility related weapon ammunition possession see iddrs 4.10 disarmament.persons associated armed force group may participant ddr programme ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 Eligibility criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties. Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender. When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2). While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family). \\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme. Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":974, "Sentence":"As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization individual typically unarmed may eligible disarmament eligible demobilization reintegration see iddrs 3.21 participant beneficiary partner ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 Eligibility criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties. Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender. When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2). While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family). \\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme. Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":974, "Sentence":"Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization historically shown woman eligible participate ddr programme may aware eligibility may deliberately excluded commander may deprived weapon benefit men seeking enter ddr programme ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 Eligibility criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties. Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender. When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2). While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family). \\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme. Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":974, "Sentence":"For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization reason ddr practitioner shall aware different category eligibility ensure proper public information sensitization commander potential ddr participant beneficiary completed female participant beneficiary see figure 1 box 2 ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 Eligibility criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties. Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender. When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2). While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family). \\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme. Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":974, "Sentence":"While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization figure 1 could also apply men designed specifically minimize potential woman excluded ddr programmes.box 2 typology female participant beneficiary n female combatant woman girl participated armed conflict active combatant using arm ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 Eligibility criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties. Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender. When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2). While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family). \\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme. Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":974, "Sentence":"\\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n female supporters\/females associated armed force group woman girl participated armed conflict support role whether force voluntarily ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 Eligibility criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties. Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender. When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2). While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family). \\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme. Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":974, "Sentence":"Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization rather member civilian community economically socially dependent armed force group income social support example porter cook nurse spy administrator translator radio operator medical assistant public information officer camp leader sex workers\/slaves ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 Eligibility criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties. Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender. When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2). While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family). \\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme. Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":974, "Sentence":"\\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n female dependant woman girl part excombatants \u2019 household ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 Eligibility criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties. Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender. When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2). While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family). \\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme. Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":974, "Sentence":"They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization mainly socially financially dependent excombatants although may also kept community tie example wives\/war wife child mothers\/parents female sibling female member extended family ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 Eligibility criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties. Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender. When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2). While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family). \\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme. Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":974, "Sentence":"\\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization nn different requirement armed group designated terrorist organization including woman girl traveled conflict zone join designated terrorist organization see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr.eligibility criterion must designed prevent individual member armed force group gaining access ddr programme ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 Eligibility criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties. Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender. When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2). While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family). \\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme. Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":974, "Sentence":"The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization prospect ddr programme associated benefit present enticement many individual ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 Eligibility criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties. Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender. When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2). While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family). \\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme. Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":974, "Sentence":"Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization furthermore armed group inflate membership number increase political weight could try rapidly recruit civilian meet shortfall ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 Eligibility criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties. Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender. When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2). While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family). \\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme. Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":974, "Sentence":"The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization screening process see section 6.1 used confirm whether individual meet eligibility criterion entering ddr programme ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.2 Eligibility criteria", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Establishing rigorous, unambiguous, transparent and nationally owned criteria that allow people to participate in DDR programmes is vital. Eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and agreed by all parties. Eligibility for a DDR programme may or may not require the physical possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, depending on the context. The determination of eligibility criteria shall be based on the peace agreement or ceasefire, if these documents include relevant provisions, as well as the results of the aforementioned integrated assessment. In either case, eligibility for a DDR programme must be gender inclusive and shall not discriminate on the basis of age or gender. When pre-DDR is being implemented prior to the onset of a full DDR programme, the same process for determining eligibility criteria shall be used (for more information on pre-DDR and eligibility related to weapons and ammunition possession, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).Persons associated with armed forces and groups may be participants in DDR programmes. As these individuals are typically unarmed, they may not be eligible for disarmament, but will be eligible for demobilization and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). Historically, it has been shown that women who are eligible to participate in DDR programmes may not be aware of their eligibility, may be deliberately excluded by commanders or may be deprived of their weapons to the benefit of men seeking to enter the DDR programme. For these reasons, DDR practitioners shall be aware of different categories of eligibility and should ensure that proper public information and sensitization with commanders and potential DDR participants and beneficiaries is completed (on female participants and beneficiaries, see figure 1 and box 2). While Figure 1 could also apply to men, it has been designed specifically to minimize the potential for women to be excluded from DDR programmes.BOX 2: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE PARTICIPANTS AND BENEFICIARIES \\n Female combatants: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts as active combatants using arms. \\n Female supporters\/females associated with armed forces and groups: Women and girls who participated in armed conflicts in support roles, whether by force or voluntarily. Rather than being members of a civilian community, they are economically and socially dependent on the armed force or group for their income and social support (examples: porters, cooks, nurses, spies, administrators, translators, radio operators, medical assistants, public information officers, camp leaders, sex workers\/slaves). \\n Female dependants: Women and girls who are part of ex-combatants\u2019 households. They are mainly socially and financially dependent on ex-combatants, although they may also have kept other community ties (examples: wives\/war wives, children, mothers\/parents, female siblings, female members of the extended family). \\n\\n There are different requirements for armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, including for women and girls who have traveled to a conflict zone to join a designated terrorist organization (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).Eligibility criteria must be designed to prevent individuals who are not members of armed forces and groups from gaining access to DDR programmes. The prospect of a DDR programme and the associated benefits can present an enticement to many individuals. Furthermore, armed groups that inflate their membership numbers to increase their political weight could try to rapidly recruit civilians to meet the shortfall. The screening process (see section 6.1) is used to confirm whether individuals meet the eligibility criteria for entering the DDR programme. Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":974, "Sentence":"Close cooperation with the leadership of armed forces and groups, civil society (including women\u2019s groups), local police and national DDR-related bodies, and a well-conducted public information and sensitization campaign are essential tools to ensure that only those who are eligible participate in a DDR programme (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization close cooperation leadership armed force group civil society including woman \u2019 group local police national ddrrelated body wellconducted public information sensitization campaign essential tool ensure eligible participate ddr programme see iddrs 4.60 public information strategic communication support ddr ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Demobilization activities are carried out at designated sites. Static demobilization sites are most typically used for the demobilization of large numbers of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. They can be semi-permanent and constructed specifically for this purpose, such as cantonment camps (see Annex B for the generic layout of a cantonment camp). Although cantonment was long considered standard practice in DDR programmes, temporary sites may also be appropriate. The decision concerning which type of demobilization site to use should be guided by the specific country context, the security situation, and the advantages and disadvantages associated with semi-permanent and temporary sites, as outlined in the sections that follow.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":975, "Sentence":"Demobilization activities are carried out at designated sites.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilization activity carried designated site ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Demobilization activities are carried out at designated sites. Static demobilization sites are most typically used for the demobilization of large numbers of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. They can be semi-permanent and constructed specifically for this purpose, such as cantonment camps (see Annex B for the generic layout of a cantonment camp). Although cantonment was long considered standard practice in DDR programmes, temporary sites may also be appropriate. The decision concerning which type of demobilization site to use should be guided by the specific country context, the security situation, and the advantages and disadvantages associated with semi-permanent and temporary sites, as outlined in the sections that follow.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":975, "Sentence":"Static demobilization sites are most typically used for the demobilization of large numbers of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization static demobilization site typically used demobilization large number combatant person associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Demobilization activities are carried out at designated sites. Static demobilization sites are most typically used for the demobilization of large numbers of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. They can be semi-permanent and constructed specifically for this purpose, such as cantonment camps (see Annex B for the generic layout of a cantonment camp). Although cantonment was long considered standard practice in DDR programmes, temporary sites may also be appropriate. The decision concerning which type of demobilization site to use should be guided by the specific country context, the security situation, and the advantages and disadvantages associated with semi-permanent and temporary sites, as outlined in the sections that follow.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":975, "Sentence":"They can be semi-permanent and constructed specifically for this purpose, such as cantonment camps (see Annex B for the generic layout of a cantonment camp).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization semipermanent constructed specifically purpose cantonment camp see annex b generic layout cantonment camp ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Demobilization activities are carried out at designated sites. Static demobilization sites are most typically used for the demobilization of large numbers of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. They can be semi-permanent and constructed specifically for this purpose, such as cantonment camps (see Annex B for the generic layout of a cantonment camp). Although cantonment was long considered standard practice in DDR programmes, temporary sites may also be appropriate. The decision concerning which type of demobilization site to use should be guided by the specific country context, the security situation, and the advantages and disadvantages associated with semi-permanent and temporary sites, as outlined in the sections that follow.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":975, "Sentence":"Although cantonment was long considered standard practice in DDR programmes, temporary sites may also be appropriate.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization although cantonment long considered standard practice ddr programme temporary site may also appropriate ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Demobilization activities are carried out at designated sites. Static demobilization sites are most typically used for the demobilization of large numbers of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. They can be semi-permanent and constructed specifically for this purpose, such as cantonment camps (see Annex B for the generic layout of a cantonment camp). Although cantonment was long considered standard practice in DDR programmes, temporary sites may also be appropriate. The decision concerning which type of demobilization site to use should be guided by the specific country context, the security situation, and the advantages and disadvantages associated with semi-permanent and temporary sites, as outlined in the sections that follow.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":975, "Sentence":"The decision concerning which type of demobilization site to use should be guided by the specific country context, the security situation, and the advantages and disadvantages associated with semi-permanent and temporary sites, as outlined in the sections that follow.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization decision concerning type demobilization site use guided specific country context security situation advantage disadvantage associated semipermanent temporary site outlined section follow ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Semi-permanent demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Semi-permanent demobilization sites can provide an important means for armed forces and groups to show their commitment to the peace process, although they are often costly to construct and maintain and are ill-suited for armed groups based in communities. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of semi-permanent demobilization sites, see table 1.Where assessments recommend the use of cantonment sites, DDR practitioners and planning teams should take all possible measures to minimize the negative aspects of this approach.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":976, "Sentence":"Semi-permanent demobilization sites can provide an important means for armed forces and groups to show their commitment to the peace process, although they are often costly to construct and maintain and are ill-suited for armed groups based in communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization semipermanent demobilization site provide important mean armed force group show commitment peace process although often costly construct maintain illsuited armed group based community ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.1 Semi-permanent demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Semi-permanent demobilization sites can provide an important means for armed forces and groups to show their commitment to the peace process, although they are often costly to construct and maintain and are ill-suited for armed groups based in communities. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of semi-permanent demobilization sites, see table 1.Where assessments recommend the use of cantonment sites, DDR practitioners and planning teams should take all possible measures to minimize the negative aspects of this approach.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":976, "Sentence":"For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of semi-permanent demobilization sites, see table 1.Where assessments recommend the use of cantonment sites, DDR practitioners and planning teams should take all possible measures to minimize the negative aspects of this approach.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization full list advantage disadvantage semipermanent demobilization site see table 1.where assessment recommend use cantonment site ddr practitioner planning team take possible measure minimize negative aspect approach ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization temporary demobilization site make use existing facility may used alternative construction semipermanent demobilization site ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization approach combatant person associated armed force group told meet specific location demobilization within specific time period ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization temporary demobilization site may particularly useful target group small individual likely report demobilization small group target group scattered multiple known location logistically accessible ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization kind site allows demobilization team carry activity location without need build permanent structure ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization approach may also appropriate semipermanent cantonment site target group already based community member reintegrate ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization combatant already community possible remain rather transported demobilization centre back ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization full list advantage disadvantage temporary demobilization site see table 2.box 3 type demobilization site nn choosing type demobilization site appropriate ddr practitioner shall consider n peace agreement and\/or national ddr policy document contain reference demobilization site" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"\\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n male female combatant already community reintegrate" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"\\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n demobilization process consist formed military unit reporting commander individual combatant leaving active armed group" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"\\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n approach taken component ddr process \u2013 example disarmament undertaken mobile static site" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"(See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.)", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization see iddrs 4.10 disarmament ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"\\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n cantonment play important confidencebuilding role peace process" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"\\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n context tell potential security threat demobilize" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization active armed group likely retaliate former member opt demobilize" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"\\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n reception disarmament demobilization take place site" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"\\n Can existing sites be used?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n existing site used" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"Do they require refurbishment?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization require refurbishment" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"\\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n enough resource build semipermanent demobilization site" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"How long will the construction process take?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization long construction process take" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.2 Temporary demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites that make use of existing facilities may be used as an alternative to the construction of semi-permanent demobilization sites. In this approach, combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups are told to meet at a specific location for demobilization within a specific time period. Temporary demobilization sites may be particularly useful if the target group is small, if individuals are likely to report for demobilization in small groups, or if the target group is scattered in multiple, known locations that are logistically accessible. This kind of site allows demobilization teams to carry out their activities in these locations without the need to build permanent structures. This approach may also be more appropriate than semi-permanent cantonment sites when the target group is already based in the community where its members will reintegrate. This is because combatants who are already in their communities should, where possible, remain there rather than be transported to a demobilization centre and back again. For a full list of the advantages and disadvantages of temporary demobilization sites, see table 2.BOX 3: WHICH TYPE OF DEMOBILIZATION SITE \\n\\n When choosing which type of demobilization site is most appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider: \\n Do the peace agreement and\/or national DDR policy document contain references to demobilization sites? \\n Are both male and female combatants already in the communities where they will reintegrate? \\n Will the demobilization process consist of formed military units reporting with their commanders, or individual combatants leaving active armed groups? \\n What approach is being taken in other components of the DDR process \u2013 for example, is disarmament being undertaken at a mobile or static site? (See IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.) \\n Will cantonment play an important confidence-building role in the peace process? \\n What does the context tell you about the potential security threat to those who demobilize? Are active armed groups likely to retaliate against former members who opt to demobilize? \\n Can reception, disarmament and demobilization take place at the same site? \\n Can existing sites be used? Do they require refurbishment? \\n Will there be enough resources to build semi-permanent demobilization sites? How long will the construction process take? \\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":977, "Sentence":"\\n What are the potential risks of cantoning any one of the groups?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n potential risk cantoning one group" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Semi-permanent demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If the DDR programme has been negotiated within the framework of a peace agreement, then the location of semi-permanent demobilization sites may have already been agreed. If agreement has not been reached, the parties to the conflict should be involved in selecting locations. The following factors should be taken into account in the selection of locations for semi-permanent demobilization sites: \\n Accessibility: The site should be easily accessible. Distance to roads, airfields, rivers and railways should be considered. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be identified, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to address any emergencies that may arise. Accessibility allowing national or international military forces to secure the site and for logistic and supply lines is extremely important. The effects of weather changes (e.g., the start of the rainy season) should be considered when assessing accessibility. \\n Security: Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should feel and be safe in the selected location. When establishing sites, it is important to consider the general political and military environment, as well as how vulnerable DDR participants are to potential threats, including cross-border violence and retaliation by active armed forces and groups. The security of nearby communities must also be taken into account. \\n Local communities: DDR practitioners should adequately liaise with local leaders and national and international military forces to ensure that nearby communities are not adversely affected by the demobilization site or operation. \\n General amenities: Demobilization sites should be chosen with the following needs taken into account: potable water supply, washing and toilet facilities (separate facilities for men and women, with locks and lighting if they will be used after dark), drainage for rain and waste, flooding potential and the natural water course, local power and food supply, environmental hazards, pollution, infestation, cooking and eating facilities, lighting both for security and functionality, and, finally, facility space for recreation, including sports. Special arrangements\/contingency plans should be made for children, persons with disabilities, persons with chronic illnesses, and pregnant or lactating women. \\n Storage facilities\/armoury: If disarmament and demobilization are to take place at the same site, secure and guarded facilities\/armouries for temporary storage of collected weapons shall be set up (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n Communications infrastructure: The site should be located in an area suitable for radio and\/or telecommunications infrastructure.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":978, "Sentence":"If the DDR programme has been negotiated within the framework of a peace agreement, then the location of semi-permanent demobilization sites may have already been agreed.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization ddr programme negotiated within framework peace agreement location semipermanent demobilization site may already agreed ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Semi-permanent demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If the DDR programme has been negotiated within the framework of a peace agreement, then the location of semi-permanent demobilization sites may have already been agreed. If agreement has not been reached, the parties to the conflict should be involved in selecting locations. The following factors should be taken into account in the selection of locations for semi-permanent demobilization sites: \\n Accessibility: The site should be easily accessible. Distance to roads, airfields, rivers and railways should be considered. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be identified, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to address any emergencies that may arise. Accessibility allowing national or international military forces to secure the site and for logistic and supply lines is extremely important. The effects of weather changes (e.g., the start of the rainy season) should be considered when assessing accessibility. \\n Security: Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should feel and be safe in the selected location. When establishing sites, it is important to consider the general political and military environment, as well as how vulnerable DDR participants are to potential threats, including cross-border violence and retaliation by active armed forces and groups. The security of nearby communities must also be taken into account. \\n Local communities: DDR practitioners should adequately liaise with local leaders and national and international military forces to ensure that nearby communities are not adversely affected by the demobilization site or operation. \\n General amenities: Demobilization sites should be chosen with the following needs taken into account: potable water supply, washing and toilet facilities (separate facilities for men and women, with locks and lighting if they will be used after dark), drainage for rain and waste, flooding potential and the natural water course, local power and food supply, environmental hazards, pollution, infestation, cooking and eating facilities, lighting both for security and functionality, and, finally, facility space for recreation, including sports. Special arrangements\/contingency plans should be made for children, persons with disabilities, persons with chronic illnesses, and pregnant or lactating women. \\n Storage facilities\/armoury: If disarmament and demobilization are to take place at the same site, secure and guarded facilities\/armouries for temporary storage of collected weapons shall be set up (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n Communications infrastructure: The site should be located in an area suitable for radio and\/or telecommunications infrastructure.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":978, "Sentence":"If agreement has not been reached, the parties to the conflict should be involved in selecting locations.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization agreement reached party conflict involved selecting location ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Semi-permanent demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If the DDR programme has been negotiated within the framework of a peace agreement, then the location of semi-permanent demobilization sites may have already been agreed. If agreement has not been reached, the parties to the conflict should be involved in selecting locations. The following factors should be taken into account in the selection of locations for semi-permanent demobilization sites: \\n Accessibility: The site should be easily accessible. Distance to roads, airfields, rivers and railways should be considered. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be identified, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to address any emergencies that may arise. Accessibility allowing national or international military forces to secure the site and for logistic and supply lines is extremely important. The effects of weather changes (e.g., the start of the rainy season) should be considered when assessing accessibility. \\n Security: Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should feel and be safe in the selected location. When establishing sites, it is important to consider the general political and military environment, as well as how vulnerable DDR participants are to potential threats, including cross-border violence and retaliation by active armed forces and groups. The security of nearby communities must also be taken into account. \\n Local communities: DDR practitioners should adequately liaise with local leaders and national and international military forces to ensure that nearby communities are not adversely affected by the demobilization site or operation. \\n General amenities: Demobilization sites should be chosen with the following needs taken into account: potable water supply, washing and toilet facilities (separate facilities for men and women, with locks and lighting if they will be used after dark), drainage for rain and waste, flooding potential and the natural water course, local power and food supply, environmental hazards, pollution, infestation, cooking and eating facilities, lighting both for security and functionality, and, finally, facility space for recreation, including sports. Special arrangements\/contingency plans should be made for children, persons with disabilities, persons with chronic illnesses, and pregnant or lactating women. \\n Storage facilities\/armoury: If disarmament and demobilization are to take place at the same site, secure and guarded facilities\/armouries for temporary storage of collected weapons shall be set up (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n Communications infrastructure: The site should be located in an area suitable for radio and\/or telecommunications infrastructure.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":978, "Sentence":"The following factors should be taken into account in the selection of locations for semi-permanent demobilization sites: \\n Accessibility: The site should be easily accessible.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization following factor taken account selection location semipermanent demobilization site n accessibility site easily accessible ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Semi-permanent demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If the DDR programme has been negotiated within the framework of a peace agreement, then the location of semi-permanent demobilization sites may have already been agreed. If agreement has not been reached, the parties to the conflict should be involved in selecting locations. The following factors should be taken into account in the selection of locations for semi-permanent demobilization sites: \\n Accessibility: The site should be easily accessible. Distance to roads, airfields, rivers and railways should be considered. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be identified, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to address any emergencies that may arise. Accessibility allowing national or international military forces to secure the site and for logistic and supply lines is extremely important. The effects of weather changes (e.g., the start of the rainy season) should be considered when assessing accessibility. \\n Security: Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should feel and be safe in the selected location. When establishing sites, it is important to consider the general political and military environment, as well as how vulnerable DDR participants are to potential threats, including cross-border violence and retaliation by active armed forces and groups. The security of nearby communities must also be taken into account. \\n Local communities: DDR practitioners should adequately liaise with local leaders and national and international military forces to ensure that nearby communities are not adversely affected by the demobilization site or operation. \\n General amenities: Demobilization sites should be chosen with the following needs taken into account: potable water supply, washing and toilet facilities (separate facilities for men and women, with locks and lighting if they will be used after dark), drainage for rain and waste, flooding potential and the natural water course, local power and food supply, environmental hazards, pollution, infestation, cooking and eating facilities, lighting both for security and functionality, and, finally, facility space for recreation, including sports. Special arrangements\/contingency plans should be made for children, persons with disabilities, persons with chronic illnesses, and pregnant or lactating women. \\n Storage facilities\/armoury: If disarmament and demobilization are to take place at the same site, secure and guarded facilities\/armouries for temporary storage of collected weapons shall be set up (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n Communications infrastructure: The site should be located in an area suitable for radio and\/or telecommunications infrastructure.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":978, "Sentence":"Distance to roads, airfields, rivers and railways should be considered.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization distance road airfield river railway considered ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Semi-permanent demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If the DDR programme has been negotiated within the framework of a peace agreement, then the location of semi-permanent demobilization sites may have already been agreed. If agreement has not been reached, the parties to the conflict should be involved in selecting locations. The following factors should be taken into account in the selection of locations for semi-permanent demobilization sites: \\n Accessibility: The site should be easily accessible. Distance to roads, airfields, rivers and railways should be considered. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be identified, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to address any emergencies that may arise. Accessibility allowing national or international military forces to secure the site and for logistic and supply lines is extremely important. The effects of weather changes (e.g., the start of the rainy season) should be considered when assessing accessibility. \\n Security: Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should feel and be safe in the selected location. When establishing sites, it is important to consider the general political and military environment, as well as how vulnerable DDR participants are to potential threats, including cross-border violence and retaliation by active armed forces and groups. The security of nearby communities must also be taken into account. \\n Local communities: DDR practitioners should adequately liaise with local leaders and national and international military forces to ensure that nearby communities are not adversely affected by the demobilization site or operation. \\n General amenities: Demobilization sites should be chosen with the following needs taken into account: potable water supply, washing and toilet facilities (separate facilities for men and women, with locks and lighting if they will be used after dark), drainage for rain and waste, flooding potential and the natural water course, local power and food supply, environmental hazards, pollution, infestation, cooking and eating facilities, lighting both for security and functionality, and, finally, facility space for recreation, including sports. Special arrangements\/contingency plans should be made for children, persons with disabilities, persons with chronic illnesses, and pregnant or lactating women. \\n Storage facilities\/armoury: If disarmament and demobilization are to take place at the same site, secure and guarded facilities\/armouries for temporary storage of collected weapons shall be set up (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n Communications infrastructure: The site should be located in an area suitable for radio and\/or telecommunications infrastructure.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":978, "Sentence":"Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be identified, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to address any emergencies that may arise.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization location route medical obstetric emergency referral must identified sufficient capacity referral medical evacuation address emergency may arise ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Semi-permanent demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If the DDR programme has been negotiated within the framework of a peace agreement, then the location of semi-permanent demobilization sites may have already been agreed. If agreement has not been reached, the parties to the conflict should be involved in selecting locations. The following factors should be taken into account in the selection of locations for semi-permanent demobilization sites: \\n Accessibility: The site should be easily accessible. Distance to roads, airfields, rivers and railways should be considered. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be identified, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to address any emergencies that may arise. Accessibility allowing national or international military forces to secure the site and for logistic and supply lines is extremely important. The effects of weather changes (e.g., the start of the rainy season) should be considered when assessing accessibility. \\n Security: Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should feel and be safe in the selected location. When establishing sites, it is important to consider the general political and military environment, as well as how vulnerable DDR participants are to potential threats, including cross-border violence and retaliation by active armed forces and groups. The security of nearby communities must also be taken into account. \\n Local communities: DDR practitioners should adequately liaise with local leaders and national and international military forces to ensure that nearby communities are not adversely affected by the demobilization site or operation. \\n General amenities: Demobilization sites should be chosen with the following needs taken into account: potable water supply, washing and toilet facilities (separate facilities for men and women, with locks and lighting if they will be used after dark), drainage for rain and waste, flooding potential and the natural water course, local power and food supply, environmental hazards, pollution, infestation, cooking and eating facilities, lighting both for security and functionality, and, finally, facility space for recreation, including sports. Special arrangements\/contingency plans should be made for children, persons with disabilities, persons with chronic illnesses, and pregnant or lactating women. \\n Storage facilities\/armoury: If disarmament and demobilization are to take place at the same site, secure and guarded facilities\/armouries for temporary storage of collected weapons shall be set up (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n Communications infrastructure: The site should be located in an area suitable for radio and\/or telecommunications infrastructure.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":978, "Sentence":"Accessibility allowing national or international military forces to secure the site and for logistic and supply lines is extremely important.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization accessibility allowing national international military force secure site logistic supply line extremely important ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Semi-permanent demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If the DDR programme has been negotiated within the framework of a peace agreement, then the location of semi-permanent demobilization sites may have already been agreed. If agreement has not been reached, the parties to the conflict should be involved in selecting locations. The following factors should be taken into account in the selection of locations for semi-permanent demobilization sites: \\n Accessibility: The site should be easily accessible. Distance to roads, airfields, rivers and railways should be considered. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be identified, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to address any emergencies that may arise. Accessibility allowing national or international military forces to secure the site and for logistic and supply lines is extremely important. The effects of weather changes (e.g., the start of the rainy season) should be considered when assessing accessibility. \\n Security: Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should feel and be safe in the selected location. When establishing sites, it is important to consider the general political and military environment, as well as how vulnerable DDR participants are to potential threats, including cross-border violence and retaliation by active armed forces and groups. The security of nearby communities must also be taken into account. \\n Local communities: DDR practitioners should adequately liaise with local leaders and national and international military forces to ensure that nearby communities are not adversely affected by the demobilization site or operation. \\n General amenities: Demobilization sites should be chosen with the following needs taken into account: potable water supply, washing and toilet facilities (separate facilities for men and women, with locks and lighting if they will be used after dark), drainage for rain and waste, flooding potential and the natural water course, local power and food supply, environmental hazards, pollution, infestation, cooking and eating facilities, lighting both for security and functionality, and, finally, facility space for recreation, including sports. Special arrangements\/contingency plans should be made for children, persons with disabilities, persons with chronic illnesses, and pregnant or lactating women. \\n Storage facilities\/armoury: If disarmament and demobilization are to take place at the same site, secure and guarded facilities\/armouries for temporary storage of collected weapons shall be set up (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n Communications infrastructure: The site should be located in an area suitable for radio and\/or telecommunications infrastructure.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":978, "Sentence":"The effects of weather changes (e.g., the start of the rainy season) should be considered when assessing accessibility.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization effect weather change e.g . start rainy season considered assessing accessibility ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Semi-permanent demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If the DDR programme has been negotiated within the framework of a peace agreement, then the location of semi-permanent demobilization sites may have already been agreed. If agreement has not been reached, the parties to the conflict should be involved in selecting locations. The following factors should be taken into account in the selection of locations for semi-permanent demobilization sites: \\n Accessibility: The site should be easily accessible. Distance to roads, airfields, rivers and railways should be considered. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be identified, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to address any emergencies that may arise. Accessibility allowing national or international military forces to secure the site and for logistic and supply lines is extremely important. The effects of weather changes (e.g., the start of the rainy season) should be considered when assessing accessibility. \\n Security: Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should feel and be safe in the selected location. When establishing sites, it is important to consider the general political and military environment, as well as how vulnerable DDR participants are to potential threats, including cross-border violence and retaliation by active armed forces and groups. The security of nearby communities must also be taken into account. \\n Local communities: DDR practitioners should adequately liaise with local leaders and national and international military forces to ensure that nearby communities are not adversely affected by the demobilization site or operation. \\n General amenities: Demobilization sites should be chosen with the following needs taken into account: potable water supply, washing and toilet facilities (separate facilities for men and women, with locks and lighting if they will be used after dark), drainage for rain and waste, flooding potential and the natural water course, local power and food supply, environmental hazards, pollution, infestation, cooking and eating facilities, lighting both for security and functionality, and, finally, facility space for recreation, including sports. Special arrangements\/contingency plans should be made for children, persons with disabilities, persons with chronic illnesses, and pregnant or lactating women. \\n Storage facilities\/armoury: If disarmament and demobilization are to take place at the same site, secure and guarded facilities\/armouries for temporary storage of collected weapons shall be set up (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n Communications infrastructure: The site should be located in an area suitable for radio and\/or telecommunications infrastructure.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":978, "Sentence":"\\n Security: Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should feel and be safe in the selected location.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n security excombatants person formerly associated armed force group feel safe selected location ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Semi-permanent demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If the DDR programme has been negotiated within the framework of a peace agreement, then the location of semi-permanent demobilization sites may have already been agreed. If agreement has not been reached, the parties to the conflict should be involved in selecting locations. The following factors should be taken into account in the selection of locations for semi-permanent demobilization sites: \\n Accessibility: The site should be easily accessible. Distance to roads, airfields, rivers and railways should be considered. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be identified, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to address any emergencies that may arise. Accessibility allowing national or international military forces to secure the site and for logistic and supply lines is extremely important. The effects of weather changes (e.g., the start of the rainy season) should be considered when assessing accessibility. \\n Security: Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should feel and be safe in the selected location. When establishing sites, it is important to consider the general political and military environment, as well as how vulnerable DDR participants are to potential threats, including cross-border violence and retaliation by active armed forces and groups. The security of nearby communities must also be taken into account. \\n Local communities: DDR practitioners should adequately liaise with local leaders and national and international military forces to ensure that nearby communities are not adversely affected by the demobilization site or operation. \\n General amenities: Demobilization sites should be chosen with the following needs taken into account: potable water supply, washing and toilet facilities (separate facilities for men and women, with locks and lighting if they will be used after dark), drainage for rain and waste, flooding potential and the natural water course, local power and food supply, environmental hazards, pollution, infestation, cooking and eating facilities, lighting both for security and functionality, and, finally, facility space for recreation, including sports. Special arrangements\/contingency plans should be made for children, persons with disabilities, persons with chronic illnesses, and pregnant or lactating women. \\n Storage facilities\/armoury: If disarmament and demobilization are to take place at the same site, secure and guarded facilities\/armouries for temporary storage of collected weapons shall be set up (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n Communications infrastructure: The site should be located in an area suitable for radio and\/or telecommunications infrastructure.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":978, "Sentence":"When establishing sites, it is important to consider the general political and military environment, as well as how vulnerable DDR participants are to potential threats, including cross-border violence and retaliation by active armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization establishing site important consider general political military environment well vulnerable ddr participant potential threat including crossborder violence retaliation active armed force group ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Semi-permanent demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If the DDR programme has been negotiated within the framework of a peace agreement, then the location of semi-permanent demobilization sites may have already been agreed. If agreement has not been reached, the parties to the conflict should be involved in selecting locations. The following factors should be taken into account in the selection of locations for semi-permanent demobilization sites: \\n Accessibility: The site should be easily accessible. Distance to roads, airfields, rivers and railways should be considered. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be identified, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to address any emergencies that may arise. Accessibility allowing national or international military forces to secure the site and for logistic and supply lines is extremely important. The effects of weather changes (e.g., the start of the rainy season) should be considered when assessing accessibility. \\n Security: Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should feel and be safe in the selected location. When establishing sites, it is important to consider the general political and military environment, as well as how vulnerable DDR participants are to potential threats, including cross-border violence and retaliation by active armed forces and groups. The security of nearby communities must also be taken into account. \\n Local communities: DDR practitioners should adequately liaise with local leaders and national and international military forces to ensure that nearby communities are not adversely affected by the demobilization site or operation. \\n General amenities: Demobilization sites should be chosen with the following needs taken into account: potable water supply, washing and toilet facilities (separate facilities for men and women, with locks and lighting if they will be used after dark), drainage for rain and waste, flooding potential and the natural water course, local power and food supply, environmental hazards, pollution, infestation, cooking and eating facilities, lighting both for security and functionality, and, finally, facility space for recreation, including sports. Special arrangements\/contingency plans should be made for children, persons with disabilities, persons with chronic illnesses, and pregnant or lactating women. \\n Storage facilities\/armoury: If disarmament and demobilization are to take place at the same site, secure and guarded facilities\/armouries for temporary storage of collected weapons shall be set up (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n Communications infrastructure: The site should be located in an area suitable for radio and\/or telecommunications infrastructure.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":978, "Sentence":"The security of nearby communities must also be taken into account.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization security nearby community must also taken account ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Semi-permanent demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If the DDR programme has been negotiated within the framework of a peace agreement, then the location of semi-permanent demobilization sites may have already been agreed. If agreement has not been reached, the parties to the conflict should be involved in selecting locations. The following factors should be taken into account in the selection of locations for semi-permanent demobilization sites: \\n Accessibility: The site should be easily accessible. Distance to roads, airfields, rivers and railways should be considered. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be identified, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to address any emergencies that may arise. Accessibility allowing national or international military forces to secure the site and for logistic and supply lines is extremely important. The effects of weather changes (e.g., the start of the rainy season) should be considered when assessing accessibility. \\n Security: Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should feel and be safe in the selected location. When establishing sites, it is important to consider the general political and military environment, as well as how vulnerable DDR participants are to potential threats, including cross-border violence and retaliation by active armed forces and groups. The security of nearby communities must also be taken into account. \\n Local communities: DDR practitioners should adequately liaise with local leaders and national and international military forces to ensure that nearby communities are not adversely affected by the demobilization site or operation. \\n General amenities: Demobilization sites should be chosen with the following needs taken into account: potable water supply, washing and toilet facilities (separate facilities for men and women, with locks and lighting if they will be used after dark), drainage for rain and waste, flooding potential and the natural water course, local power and food supply, environmental hazards, pollution, infestation, cooking and eating facilities, lighting both for security and functionality, and, finally, facility space for recreation, including sports. Special arrangements\/contingency plans should be made for children, persons with disabilities, persons with chronic illnesses, and pregnant or lactating women. \\n Storage facilities\/armoury: If disarmament and demobilization are to take place at the same site, secure and guarded facilities\/armouries for temporary storage of collected weapons shall be set up (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n Communications infrastructure: The site should be located in an area suitable for radio and\/or telecommunications infrastructure.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":978, "Sentence":"\\n Local communities: DDR practitioners should adequately liaise with local leaders and national and international military forces to ensure that nearby communities are not adversely affected by the demobilization site or operation.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n local community ddr practitioner adequately liaise local leader national international military force ensure nearby community adversely affected demobilization site operation ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Semi-permanent demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If the DDR programme has been negotiated within the framework of a peace agreement, then the location of semi-permanent demobilization sites may have already been agreed. If agreement has not been reached, the parties to the conflict should be involved in selecting locations. The following factors should be taken into account in the selection of locations for semi-permanent demobilization sites: \\n Accessibility: The site should be easily accessible. Distance to roads, airfields, rivers and railways should be considered. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be identified, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to address any emergencies that may arise. Accessibility allowing national or international military forces to secure the site and for logistic and supply lines is extremely important. The effects of weather changes (e.g., the start of the rainy season) should be considered when assessing accessibility. \\n Security: Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should feel and be safe in the selected location. When establishing sites, it is important to consider the general political and military environment, as well as how vulnerable DDR participants are to potential threats, including cross-border violence and retaliation by active armed forces and groups. The security of nearby communities must also be taken into account. \\n Local communities: DDR practitioners should adequately liaise with local leaders and national and international military forces to ensure that nearby communities are not adversely affected by the demobilization site or operation. \\n General amenities: Demobilization sites should be chosen with the following needs taken into account: potable water supply, washing and toilet facilities (separate facilities for men and women, with locks and lighting if they will be used after dark), drainage for rain and waste, flooding potential and the natural water course, local power and food supply, environmental hazards, pollution, infestation, cooking and eating facilities, lighting both for security and functionality, and, finally, facility space for recreation, including sports. Special arrangements\/contingency plans should be made for children, persons with disabilities, persons with chronic illnesses, and pregnant or lactating women. \\n Storage facilities\/armoury: If disarmament and demobilization are to take place at the same site, secure and guarded facilities\/armouries for temporary storage of collected weapons shall be set up (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n Communications infrastructure: The site should be located in an area suitable for radio and\/or telecommunications infrastructure.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":978, "Sentence":"\\n General amenities: Demobilization sites should be chosen with the following needs taken into account: potable water supply, washing and toilet facilities (separate facilities for men and women, with locks and lighting if they will be used after dark), drainage for rain and waste, flooding potential and the natural water course, local power and food supply, environmental hazards, pollution, infestation, cooking and eating facilities, lighting both for security and functionality, and, finally, facility space for recreation, including sports.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n general amenity demobilization site chosen following need taken account potable water supply washing toilet facility separate facility men woman lock lighting used dark drainage rain waste flooding potential natural water course local power food supply environmental hazard pollution infestation cooking eating facility lighting security functionality finally facility space recreation including sport ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Semi-permanent demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If the DDR programme has been negotiated within the framework of a peace agreement, then the location of semi-permanent demobilization sites may have already been agreed. If agreement has not been reached, the parties to the conflict should be involved in selecting locations. The following factors should be taken into account in the selection of locations for semi-permanent demobilization sites: \\n Accessibility: The site should be easily accessible. Distance to roads, airfields, rivers and railways should be considered. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be identified, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to address any emergencies that may arise. Accessibility allowing national or international military forces to secure the site and for logistic and supply lines is extremely important. The effects of weather changes (e.g., the start of the rainy season) should be considered when assessing accessibility. \\n Security: Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should feel and be safe in the selected location. When establishing sites, it is important to consider the general political and military environment, as well as how vulnerable DDR participants are to potential threats, including cross-border violence and retaliation by active armed forces and groups. The security of nearby communities must also be taken into account. \\n Local communities: DDR practitioners should adequately liaise with local leaders and national and international military forces to ensure that nearby communities are not adversely affected by the demobilization site or operation. \\n General amenities: Demobilization sites should be chosen with the following needs taken into account: potable water supply, washing and toilet facilities (separate facilities for men and women, with locks and lighting if they will be used after dark), drainage for rain and waste, flooding potential and the natural water course, local power and food supply, environmental hazards, pollution, infestation, cooking and eating facilities, lighting both for security and functionality, and, finally, facility space for recreation, including sports. Special arrangements\/contingency plans should be made for children, persons with disabilities, persons with chronic illnesses, and pregnant or lactating women. \\n Storage facilities\/armoury: If disarmament and demobilization are to take place at the same site, secure and guarded facilities\/armouries for temporary storage of collected weapons shall be set up (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n Communications infrastructure: The site should be located in an area suitable for radio and\/or telecommunications infrastructure.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":978, "Sentence":"Special arrangements\/contingency plans should be made for children, persons with disabilities, persons with chronic illnesses, and pregnant or lactating women.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization special arrangements\/contingency plan made child person disability person chronic illness pregnant lactating woman ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Semi-permanent demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If the DDR programme has been negotiated within the framework of a peace agreement, then the location of semi-permanent demobilization sites may have already been agreed. If agreement has not been reached, the parties to the conflict should be involved in selecting locations. The following factors should be taken into account in the selection of locations for semi-permanent demobilization sites: \\n Accessibility: The site should be easily accessible. Distance to roads, airfields, rivers and railways should be considered. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be identified, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to address any emergencies that may arise. Accessibility allowing national or international military forces to secure the site and for logistic and supply lines is extremely important. The effects of weather changes (e.g., the start of the rainy season) should be considered when assessing accessibility. \\n Security: Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should feel and be safe in the selected location. When establishing sites, it is important to consider the general political and military environment, as well as how vulnerable DDR participants are to potential threats, including cross-border violence and retaliation by active armed forces and groups. The security of nearby communities must also be taken into account. \\n Local communities: DDR practitioners should adequately liaise with local leaders and national and international military forces to ensure that nearby communities are not adversely affected by the demobilization site or operation. \\n General amenities: Demobilization sites should be chosen with the following needs taken into account: potable water supply, washing and toilet facilities (separate facilities for men and women, with locks and lighting if they will be used after dark), drainage for rain and waste, flooding potential and the natural water course, local power and food supply, environmental hazards, pollution, infestation, cooking and eating facilities, lighting both for security and functionality, and, finally, facility space for recreation, including sports. Special arrangements\/contingency plans should be made for children, persons with disabilities, persons with chronic illnesses, and pregnant or lactating women. \\n Storage facilities\/armoury: If disarmament and demobilization are to take place at the same site, secure and guarded facilities\/armouries for temporary storage of collected weapons shall be set up (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n Communications infrastructure: The site should be located in an area suitable for radio and\/or telecommunications infrastructure.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":978, "Sentence":"\\n Storage facilities\/armoury: If disarmament and demobilization are to take place at the same site, secure and guarded facilities\/armouries for temporary storage of collected weapons shall be set up (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n storage facilities\/armoury disarmament demobilization take place site secure guarded facilities\/armouries temporary storage collected weapon shall set see iddrs 4.10 disarmament ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Semi-permanent demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If the DDR programme has been negotiated within the framework of a peace agreement, then the location of semi-permanent demobilization sites may have already been agreed. If agreement has not been reached, the parties to the conflict should be involved in selecting locations. The following factors should be taken into account in the selection of locations for semi-permanent demobilization sites: \\n Accessibility: The site should be easily accessible. Distance to roads, airfields, rivers and railways should be considered. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be identified, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to address any emergencies that may arise. Accessibility allowing national or international military forces to secure the site and for logistic and supply lines is extremely important. The effects of weather changes (e.g., the start of the rainy season) should be considered when assessing accessibility. \\n Security: Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should feel and be safe in the selected location. When establishing sites, it is important to consider the general political and military environment, as well as how vulnerable DDR participants are to potential threats, including cross-border violence and retaliation by active armed forces and groups. The security of nearby communities must also be taken into account. \\n Local communities: DDR practitioners should adequately liaise with local leaders and national and international military forces to ensure that nearby communities are not adversely affected by the demobilization site or operation. \\n General amenities: Demobilization sites should be chosen with the following needs taken into account: potable water supply, washing and toilet facilities (separate facilities for men and women, with locks and lighting if they will be used after dark), drainage for rain and waste, flooding potential and the natural water course, local power and food supply, environmental hazards, pollution, infestation, cooking and eating facilities, lighting both for security and functionality, and, finally, facility space for recreation, including sports. Special arrangements\/contingency plans should be made for children, persons with disabilities, persons with chronic illnesses, and pregnant or lactating women. \\n Storage facilities\/armoury: If disarmament and demobilization are to take place at the same site, secure and guarded facilities\/armouries for temporary storage of collected weapons shall be set up (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). \\n Communications infrastructure: The site should be located in an area suitable for radio and\/or telecommunications infrastructure.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":978, "Sentence":"\\n Communications infrastructure: The site should be located in an area suitable for radio and\/or telecommunications infrastructure.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n communication infrastructure site located area suitable radio and\/or telecommunication infrastructure ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Temporary demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites require few facilities because the period during which they will be used is relatively short. Finding a location that offers protection is necessary. The internal perimeter of an old school or warehouse, or, where the local population supports the DDR programme, a football field may be all that is required. Fresh potable water and electricity should be available. If they are not, a water purification system or water supplies and a generator should be brought in. Sanitary facilities must be supplied. Lighting should be installed to ensure security around the perimeter of the camp.When temporary demobilization sites are being used, it is particularly important to agree, in advance, on the distribution of tasks, financial responsibilities and the post-DDR ownership of the location. Where relevant, the following should also be considered: \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of community property: If available in the area where the demobilization site is to be set up, the use of existing hard-walled property should be considered. The decision should be made by weighing the medium- and long-term benefits to the community of repairing local facilities against the overall security and financial implications. These installations may not need rebuilding, and may be made usable by adding plastic sheeting, concertina wire, etc. Possible sites include disused factories, warehouses, hospitals, colleges and farms. Efforts should be made to verify ownership and to avoid legal complications. \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of state\/military property: Where regular armed forces or well-organized\/disciplined armed groups are to be demobilized, the use of existing military barracks, with the agreement of national authorities, should be considered. Generally speaking, these facilities should offer a degree of security and may have the required infrastructure already in place. The same security and administrative arrangements should apply to these sites as to others.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":979, "Sentence":"Temporary demobilization sites require few facilities because the period during which they will be used is relatively short.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization temporary demobilization site require facility period used relatively short ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Temporary demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites require few facilities because the period during which they will be used is relatively short. Finding a location that offers protection is necessary. The internal perimeter of an old school or warehouse, or, where the local population supports the DDR programme, a football field may be all that is required. Fresh potable water and electricity should be available. If they are not, a water purification system or water supplies and a generator should be brought in. Sanitary facilities must be supplied. Lighting should be installed to ensure security around the perimeter of the camp.When temporary demobilization sites are being used, it is particularly important to agree, in advance, on the distribution of tasks, financial responsibilities and the post-DDR ownership of the location. Where relevant, the following should also be considered: \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of community property: If available in the area where the demobilization site is to be set up, the use of existing hard-walled property should be considered. The decision should be made by weighing the medium- and long-term benefits to the community of repairing local facilities against the overall security and financial implications. These installations may not need rebuilding, and may be made usable by adding plastic sheeting, concertina wire, etc. Possible sites include disused factories, warehouses, hospitals, colleges and farms. Efforts should be made to verify ownership and to avoid legal complications. \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of state\/military property: Where regular armed forces or well-organized\/disciplined armed groups are to be demobilized, the use of existing military barracks, with the agreement of national authorities, should be considered. Generally speaking, these facilities should offer a degree of security and may have the required infrastructure already in place. The same security and administrative arrangements should apply to these sites as to others.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":979, "Sentence":"Finding a location that offers protection is necessary.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization finding location offer protection necessary ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Temporary demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites require few facilities because the period during which they will be used is relatively short. Finding a location that offers protection is necessary. The internal perimeter of an old school or warehouse, or, where the local population supports the DDR programme, a football field may be all that is required. Fresh potable water and electricity should be available. If they are not, a water purification system or water supplies and a generator should be brought in. Sanitary facilities must be supplied. Lighting should be installed to ensure security around the perimeter of the camp.When temporary demobilization sites are being used, it is particularly important to agree, in advance, on the distribution of tasks, financial responsibilities and the post-DDR ownership of the location. Where relevant, the following should also be considered: \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of community property: If available in the area where the demobilization site is to be set up, the use of existing hard-walled property should be considered. The decision should be made by weighing the medium- and long-term benefits to the community of repairing local facilities against the overall security and financial implications. These installations may not need rebuilding, and may be made usable by adding plastic sheeting, concertina wire, etc. Possible sites include disused factories, warehouses, hospitals, colleges and farms. Efforts should be made to verify ownership and to avoid legal complications. \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of state\/military property: Where regular armed forces or well-organized\/disciplined armed groups are to be demobilized, the use of existing military barracks, with the agreement of national authorities, should be considered. Generally speaking, these facilities should offer a degree of security and may have the required infrastructure already in place. The same security and administrative arrangements should apply to these sites as to others.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":979, "Sentence":"The internal perimeter of an old school or warehouse, or, where the local population supports the DDR programme, a football field may be all that is required.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization internal perimeter old school warehouse local population support ddr programme football field may required ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Temporary demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites require few facilities because the period during which they will be used is relatively short. Finding a location that offers protection is necessary. The internal perimeter of an old school or warehouse, or, where the local population supports the DDR programme, a football field may be all that is required. Fresh potable water and electricity should be available. If they are not, a water purification system or water supplies and a generator should be brought in. Sanitary facilities must be supplied. Lighting should be installed to ensure security around the perimeter of the camp.When temporary demobilization sites are being used, it is particularly important to agree, in advance, on the distribution of tasks, financial responsibilities and the post-DDR ownership of the location. Where relevant, the following should also be considered: \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of community property: If available in the area where the demobilization site is to be set up, the use of existing hard-walled property should be considered. The decision should be made by weighing the medium- and long-term benefits to the community of repairing local facilities against the overall security and financial implications. These installations may not need rebuilding, and may be made usable by adding plastic sheeting, concertina wire, etc. Possible sites include disused factories, warehouses, hospitals, colleges and farms. Efforts should be made to verify ownership and to avoid legal complications. \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of state\/military property: Where regular armed forces or well-organized\/disciplined armed groups are to be demobilized, the use of existing military barracks, with the agreement of national authorities, should be considered. Generally speaking, these facilities should offer a degree of security and may have the required infrastructure already in place. The same security and administrative arrangements should apply to these sites as to others.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":979, "Sentence":"Fresh potable water and electricity should be available.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization fresh potable water electricity available ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Temporary demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites require few facilities because the period during which they will be used is relatively short. Finding a location that offers protection is necessary. The internal perimeter of an old school or warehouse, or, where the local population supports the DDR programme, a football field may be all that is required. Fresh potable water and electricity should be available. If they are not, a water purification system or water supplies and a generator should be brought in. Sanitary facilities must be supplied. Lighting should be installed to ensure security around the perimeter of the camp.When temporary demobilization sites are being used, it is particularly important to agree, in advance, on the distribution of tasks, financial responsibilities and the post-DDR ownership of the location. Where relevant, the following should also be considered: \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of community property: If available in the area where the demobilization site is to be set up, the use of existing hard-walled property should be considered. The decision should be made by weighing the medium- and long-term benefits to the community of repairing local facilities against the overall security and financial implications. These installations may not need rebuilding, and may be made usable by adding plastic sheeting, concertina wire, etc. Possible sites include disused factories, warehouses, hospitals, colleges and farms. Efforts should be made to verify ownership and to avoid legal complications. \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of state\/military property: Where regular armed forces or well-organized\/disciplined armed groups are to be demobilized, the use of existing military barracks, with the agreement of national authorities, should be considered. Generally speaking, these facilities should offer a degree of security and may have the required infrastructure already in place. The same security and administrative arrangements should apply to these sites as to others.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":979, "Sentence":"If they are not, a water purification system or water supplies and a generator should be brought in.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization water purification system water supply generator brought ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Temporary demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites require few facilities because the period during which they will be used is relatively short. Finding a location that offers protection is necessary. The internal perimeter of an old school or warehouse, or, where the local population supports the DDR programme, a football field may be all that is required. Fresh potable water and electricity should be available. If they are not, a water purification system or water supplies and a generator should be brought in. Sanitary facilities must be supplied. Lighting should be installed to ensure security around the perimeter of the camp.When temporary demobilization sites are being used, it is particularly important to agree, in advance, on the distribution of tasks, financial responsibilities and the post-DDR ownership of the location. Where relevant, the following should also be considered: \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of community property: If available in the area where the demobilization site is to be set up, the use of existing hard-walled property should be considered. The decision should be made by weighing the medium- and long-term benefits to the community of repairing local facilities against the overall security and financial implications. These installations may not need rebuilding, and may be made usable by adding plastic sheeting, concertina wire, etc. Possible sites include disused factories, warehouses, hospitals, colleges and farms. Efforts should be made to verify ownership and to avoid legal complications. \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of state\/military property: Where regular armed forces or well-organized\/disciplined armed groups are to be demobilized, the use of existing military barracks, with the agreement of national authorities, should be considered. Generally speaking, these facilities should offer a degree of security and may have the required infrastructure already in place. The same security and administrative arrangements should apply to these sites as to others.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":979, "Sentence":"Sanitary facilities must be supplied.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization sanitary facility must supplied ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Temporary demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites require few facilities because the period during which they will be used is relatively short. Finding a location that offers protection is necessary. The internal perimeter of an old school or warehouse, or, where the local population supports the DDR programme, a football field may be all that is required. Fresh potable water and electricity should be available. If they are not, a water purification system or water supplies and a generator should be brought in. Sanitary facilities must be supplied. Lighting should be installed to ensure security around the perimeter of the camp.When temporary demobilization sites are being used, it is particularly important to agree, in advance, on the distribution of tasks, financial responsibilities and the post-DDR ownership of the location. Where relevant, the following should also be considered: \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of community property: If available in the area where the demobilization site is to be set up, the use of existing hard-walled property should be considered. The decision should be made by weighing the medium- and long-term benefits to the community of repairing local facilities against the overall security and financial implications. These installations may not need rebuilding, and may be made usable by adding plastic sheeting, concertina wire, etc. Possible sites include disused factories, warehouses, hospitals, colleges and farms. Efforts should be made to verify ownership and to avoid legal complications. \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of state\/military property: Where regular armed forces or well-organized\/disciplined armed groups are to be demobilized, the use of existing military barracks, with the agreement of national authorities, should be considered. Generally speaking, these facilities should offer a degree of security and may have the required infrastructure already in place. The same security and administrative arrangements should apply to these sites as to others.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":979, "Sentence":"Lighting should be installed to ensure security around the perimeter of the camp.When temporary demobilization sites are being used, it is particularly important to agree, in advance, on the distribution of tasks, financial responsibilities and the post-DDR ownership of the location.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization lighting installed ensure security around perimeter camp.when temporary demobilization site used particularly important agree advance distribution task financial responsibility postddr ownership location ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Temporary demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites require few facilities because the period during which they will be used is relatively short. Finding a location that offers protection is necessary. The internal perimeter of an old school or warehouse, or, where the local population supports the DDR programme, a football field may be all that is required. Fresh potable water and electricity should be available. If they are not, a water purification system or water supplies and a generator should be brought in. Sanitary facilities must be supplied. Lighting should be installed to ensure security around the perimeter of the camp.When temporary demobilization sites are being used, it is particularly important to agree, in advance, on the distribution of tasks, financial responsibilities and the post-DDR ownership of the location. Where relevant, the following should also be considered: \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of community property: If available in the area where the demobilization site is to be set up, the use of existing hard-walled property should be considered. The decision should be made by weighing the medium- and long-term benefits to the community of repairing local facilities against the overall security and financial implications. These installations may not need rebuilding, and may be made usable by adding plastic sheeting, concertina wire, etc. Possible sites include disused factories, warehouses, hospitals, colleges and farms. Efforts should be made to verify ownership and to avoid legal complications. \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of state\/military property: Where regular armed forces or well-organized\/disciplined armed groups are to be demobilized, the use of existing military barracks, with the agreement of national authorities, should be considered. Generally speaking, these facilities should offer a degree of security and may have the required infrastructure already in place. The same security and administrative arrangements should apply to these sites as to others.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":979, "Sentence":"Where relevant, the following should also be considered: \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of community property: If available in the area where the demobilization site is to be set up, the use of existing hard-walled property should be considered.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization relevant following also considered n refurbishment temporary use community property available area demobilization site set use existing hardwalled property considered ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Temporary demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites require few facilities because the period during which they will be used is relatively short. Finding a location that offers protection is necessary. The internal perimeter of an old school or warehouse, or, where the local population supports the DDR programme, a football field may be all that is required. Fresh potable water and electricity should be available. If they are not, a water purification system or water supplies and a generator should be brought in. Sanitary facilities must be supplied. Lighting should be installed to ensure security around the perimeter of the camp.When temporary demobilization sites are being used, it is particularly important to agree, in advance, on the distribution of tasks, financial responsibilities and the post-DDR ownership of the location. Where relevant, the following should also be considered: \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of community property: If available in the area where the demobilization site is to be set up, the use of existing hard-walled property should be considered. The decision should be made by weighing the medium- and long-term benefits to the community of repairing local facilities against the overall security and financial implications. These installations may not need rebuilding, and may be made usable by adding plastic sheeting, concertina wire, etc. Possible sites include disused factories, warehouses, hospitals, colleges and farms. Efforts should be made to verify ownership and to avoid legal complications. \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of state\/military property: Where regular armed forces or well-organized\/disciplined armed groups are to be demobilized, the use of existing military barracks, with the agreement of national authorities, should be considered. Generally speaking, these facilities should offer a degree of security and may have the required infrastructure already in place. The same security and administrative arrangements should apply to these sites as to others.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":979, "Sentence":"The decision should be made by weighing the medium- and long-term benefits to the community of repairing local facilities against the overall security and financial implications.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization decision made weighing medium longterm benefit community repairing local facility overall security financial implication ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Temporary demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites require few facilities because the period during which they will be used is relatively short. Finding a location that offers protection is necessary. The internal perimeter of an old school or warehouse, or, where the local population supports the DDR programme, a football field may be all that is required. Fresh potable water and electricity should be available. If they are not, a water purification system or water supplies and a generator should be brought in. Sanitary facilities must be supplied. Lighting should be installed to ensure security around the perimeter of the camp.When temporary demobilization sites are being used, it is particularly important to agree, in advance, on the distribution of tasks, financial responsibilities and the post-DDR ownership of the location. Where relevant, the following should also be considered: \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of community property: If available in the area where the demobilization site is to be set up, the use of existing hard-walled property should be considered. The decision should be made by weighing the medium- and long-term benefits to the community of repairing local facilities against the overall security and financial implications. These installations may not need rebuilding, and may be made usable by adding plastic sheeting, concertina wire, etc. Possible sites include disused factories, warehouses, hospitals, colleges and farms. Efforts should be made to verify ownership and to avoid legal complications. \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of state\/military property: Where regular armed forces or well-organized\/disciplined armed groups are to be demobilized, the use of existing military barracks, with the agreement of national authorities, should be considered. Generally speaking, these facilities should offer a degree of security and may have the required infrastructure already in place. The same security and administrative arrangements should apply to these sites as to others.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":979, "Sentence":"These installations may not need rebuilding, and may be made usable by adding plastic sheeting, concertina wire, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization installation may need rebuilding may made usable adding plastic sheeting concertina wire etc ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Temporary demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites require few facilities because the period during which they will be used is relatively short. Finding a location that offers protection is necessary. The internal perimeter of an old school or warehouse, or, where the local population supports the DDR programme, a football field may be all that is required. Fresh potable water and electricity should be available. If they are not, a water purification system or water supplies and a generator should be brought in. Sanitary facilities must be supplied. Lighting should be installed to ensure security around the perimeter of the camp.When temporary demobilization sites are being used, it is particularly important to agree, in advance, on the distribution of tasks, financial responsibilities and the post-DDR ownership of the location. Where relevant, the following should also be considered: \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of community property: If available in the area where the demobilization site is to be set up, the use of existing hard-walled property should be considered. The decision should be made by weighing the medium- and long-term benefits to the community of repairing local facilities against the overall security and financial implications. These installations may not need rebuilding, and may be made usable by adding plastic sheeting, concertina wire, etc. Possible sites include disused factories, warehouses, hospitals, colleges and farms. Efforts should be made to verify ownership and to avoid legal complications. \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of state\/military property: Where regular armed forces or well-organized\/disciplined armed groups are to be demobilized, the use of existing military barracks, with the agreement of national authorities, should be considered. Generally speaking, these facilities should offer a degree of security and may have the required infrastructure already in place. The same security and administrative arrangements should apply to these sites as to others.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":979, "Sentence":"Possible sites include disused factories, warehouses, hospitals, colleges and farms.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization possible site include disused factory warehouse hospital college farm ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Temporary demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites require few facilities because the period during which they will be used is relatively short. Finding a location that offers protection is necessary. The internal perimeter of an old school or warehouse, or, where the local population supports the DDR programme, a football field may be all that is required. Fresh potable water and electricity should be available. If they are not, a water purification system or water supplies and a generator should be brought in. Sanitary facilities must be supplied. Lighting should be installed to ensure security around the perimeter of the camp.When temporary demobilization sites are being used, it is particularly important to agree, in advance, on the distribution of tasks, financial responsibilities and the post-DDR ownership of the location. Where relevant, the following should also be considered: \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of community property: If available in the area where the demobilization site is to be set up, the use of existing hard-walled property should be considered. The decision should be made by weighing the medium- and long-term benefits to the community of repairing local facilities against the overall security and financial implications. These installations may not need rebuilding, and may be made usable by adding plastic sheeting, concertina wire, etc. Possible sites include disused factories, warehouses, hospitals, colleges and farms. Efforts should be made to verify ownership and to avoid legal complications. \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of state\/military property: Where regular armed forces or well-organized\/disciplined armed groups are to be demobilized, the use of existing military barracks, with the agreement of national authorities, should be considered. Generally speaking, these facilities should offer a degree of security and may have the required infrastructure already in place. The same security and administrative arrangements should apply to these sites as to others.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":979, "Sentence":"Efforts should be made to verify ownership and to avoid legal complications.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization effort made verify ownership avoid legal complication ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Temporary demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites require few facilities because the period during which they will be used is relatively short. Finding a location that offers protection is necessary. The internal perimeter of an old school or warehouse, or, where the local population supports the DDR programme, a football field may be all that is required. Fresh potable water and electricity should be available. If they are not, a water purification system or water supplies and a generator should be brought in. Sanitary facilities must be supplied. Lighting should be installed to ensure security around the perimeter of the camp.When temporary demobilization sites are being used, it is particularly important to agree, in advance, on the distribution of tasks, financial responsibilities and the post-DDR ownership of the location. Where relevant, the following should also be considered: \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of community property: If available in the area where the demobilization site is to be set up, the use of existing hard-walled property should be considered. The decision should be made by weighing the medium- and long-term benefits to the community of repairing local facilities against the overall security and financial implications. These installations may not need rebuilding, and may be made usable by adding plastic sheeting, concertina wire, etc. Possible sites include disused factories, warehouses, hospitals, colleges and farms. Efforts should be made to verify ownership and to avoid legal complications. \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of state\/military property: Where regular armed forces or well-organized\/disciplined armed groups are to be demobilized, the use of existing military barracks, with the agreement of national authorities, should be considered. Generally speaking, these facilities should offer a degree of security and may have the required infrastructure already in place. The same security and administrative arrangements should apply to these sites as to others.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":979, "Sentence":"\\n The refurbishment and temporary use of state\/military property: Where regular armed forces or well-organized\/disciplined armed groups are to be demobilized, the use of existing military barracks, with the agreement of national authorities, should be considered.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n refurbishment temporary use state\/military property regular armed force wellorganized\/disciplined armed group demobilized use existing military barrack agreement national authority considered ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Temporary demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites require few facilities because the period during which they will be used is relatively short. Finding a location that offers protection is necessary. The internal perimeter of an old school or warehouse, or, where the local population supports the DDR programme, a football field may be all that is required. Fresh potable water and electricity should be available. If they are not, a water purification system or water supplies and a generator should be brought in. Sanitary facilities must be supplied. Lighting should be installed to ensure security around the perimeter of the camp.When temporary demobilization sites are being used, it is particularly important to agree, in advance, on the distribution of tasks, financial responsibilities and the post-DDR ownership of the location. Where relevant, the following should also be considered: \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of community property: If available in the area where the demobilization site is to be set up, the use of existing hard-walled property should be considered. The decision should be made by weighing the medium- and long-term benefits to the community of repairing local facilities against the overall security and financial implications. These installations may not need rebuilding, and may be made usable by adding plastic sheeting, concertina wire, etc. Possible sites include disused factories, warehouses, hospitals, colleges and farms. Efforts should be made to verify ownership and to avoid legal complications. \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of state\/military property: Where regular armed forces or well-organized\/disciplined armed groups are to be demobilized, the use of existing military barracks, with the agreement of national authorities, should be considered. Generally speaking, these facilities should offer a degree of security and may have the required infrastructure already in place. The same security and administrative arrangements should apply to these sites as to others.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":979, "Sentence":"Generally speaking, these facilities should offer a degree of security and may have the required infrastructure already in place.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization generally speaking facility offer degree security may required infrastructure already place ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.3 Location", "Heading4":"Temporary demobilization sites", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Temporary demobilization sites require few facilities because the period during which they will be used is relatively short. Finding a location that offers protection is necessary. The internal perimeter of an old school or warehouse, or, where the local population supports the DDR programme, a football field may be all that is required. Fresh potable water and electricity should be available. If they are not, a water purification system or water supplies and a generator should be brought in. Sanitary facilities must be supplied. Lighting should be installed to ensure security around the perimeter of the camp.When temporary demobilization sites are being used, it is particularly important to agree, in advance, on the distribution of tasks, financial responsibilities and the post-DDR ownership of the location. Where relevant, the following should also be considered: \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of community property: If available in the area where the demobilization site is to be set up, the use of existing hard-walled property should be considered. The decision should be made by weighing the medium- and long-term benefits to the community of repairing local facilities against the overall security and financial implications. These installations may not need rebuilding, and may be made usable by adding plastic sheeting, concertina wire, etc. Possible sites include disused factories, warehouses, hospitals, colleges and farms. Efforts should be made to verify ownership and to avoid legal complications. \\n The refurbishment and temporary use of state\/military property: Where regular armed forces or well-organized\/disciplined armed groups are to be demobilized, the use of existing military barracks, with the agreement of national authorities, should be considered. Generally speaking, these facilities should offer a degree of security and may have the required infrastructure already in place. The same security and administrative arrangements should apply to these sites as to others.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":979, "Sentence":"The same security and administrative arrangements should apply to these sites as to others.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization security administrative arrangement apply site others ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Size, capacity and duration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The size and capacity of demobilization sites should be determined by the number of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to be processed. Typically, demobilization sites with a small number of combatants and associated persons are easier to administer, control and secure. However, if many small demobilization sites are in operation at one time, this can lead to widely dispersed resources and difficult logistical situations. Demobilization sites should not accommodate more than 600 people at one time. When time constraints mean that larger numbers must be dealt with in a short period of time, two demobilization sites may be constructed simultaneously and managed by the same team. In order to optimize the use of demobilization sites and avoid bottlenecks, an operational plan should be developed that contains methods for controlling the number and flow of people to be demobilized at any particular time. Carrying out demobilization in phases is one option to increase efficiency. This process may include a pilot test phase, which makes it possible to learn from mistakes in the early phases and adapt the process so as to improve performance in later phases.Families often accompany combatants to cantonment sites. Where necessary, camps that are close to cantonment sites may be established for family members. Alternatively, transport may be provided for family members to return to their communities.The duration of demobilization will depend on the time that is needed to complete the activities planned during demobilization (e.g., screening, profiling, awareness raising). Generally speaking, the demobilization component of a DDR process should be as short as possible. At temporary demobilization sites, it may be possible to process individuals in one or two days. If semi-permanent demobilization sites have been constructed, cantonment should be kept as short as possible \u2013 from one week to a maximum of one month. DDR practitioners should also seek to ensure that the conditions at demobilization sites are equivalent to those in civilian life. If this is the case, then it is less likely that demobilized individuals will be reluctant to leave. Demobilization should not begin until plans for reinsertion (or community violence reduction, as a stop-gap measure) and reintegration are ready to be put into operation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":980, "Sentence":"The size and capacity of demobilization sites should be determined by the number of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to be processed.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization size capacity demobilization site determined number combatant person associated armed force group processed ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Size, capacity and duration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The size and capacity of demobilization sites should be determined by the number of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to be processed. Typically, demobilization sites with a small number of combatants and associated persons are easier to administer, control and secure. However, if many small demobilization sites are in operation at one time, this can lead to widely dispersed resources and difficult logistical situations. Demobilization sites should not accommodate more than 600 people at one time. When time constraints mean that larger numbers must be dealt with in a short period of time, two demobilization sites may be constructed simultaneously and managed by the same team. In order to optimize the use of demobilization sites and avoid bottlenecks, an operational plan should be developed that contains methods for controlling the number and flow of people to be demobilized at any particular time. Carrying out demobilization in phases is one option to increase efficiency. This process may include a pilot test phase, which makes it possible to learn from mistakes in the early phases and adapt the process so as to improve performance in later phases.Families often accompany combatants to cantonment sites. Where necessary, camps that are close to cantonment sites may be established for family members. Alternatively, transport may be provided for family members to return to their communities.The duration of demobilization will depend on the time that is needed to complete the activities planned during demobilization (e.g., screening, profiling, awareness raising). Generally speaking, the demobilization component of a DDR process should be as short as possible. At temporary demobilization sites, it may be possible to process individuals in one or two days. If semi-permanent demobilization sites have been constructed, cantonment should be kept as short as possible \u2013 from one week to a maximum of one month. DDR practitioners should also seek to ensure that the conditions at demobilization sites are equivalent to those in civilian life. If this is the case, then it is less likely that demobilized individuals will be reluctant to leave. Demobilization should not begin until plans for reinsertion (or community violence reduction, as a stop-gap measure) and reintegration are ready to be put into operation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":980, "Sentence":"Typically, demobilization sites with a small number of combatants and associated persons are easier to administer, control and secure.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization typically demobilization site small number combatant associated person easier administer control secure ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Size, capacity and duration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The size and capacity of demobilization sites should be determined by the number of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to be processed. Typically, demobilization sites with a small number of combatants and associated persons are easier to administer, control and secure. However, if many small demobilization sites are in operation at one time, this can lead to widely dispersed resources and difficult logistical situations. Demobilization sites should not accommodate more than 600 people at one time. When time constraints mean that larger numbers must be dealt with in a short period of time, two demobilization sites may be constructed simultaneously and managed by the same team. In order to optimize the use of demobilization sites and avoid bottlenecks, an operational plan should be developed that contains methods for controlling the number and flow of people to be demobilized at any particular time. Carrying out demobilization in phases is one option to increase efficiency. This process may include a pilot test phase, which makes it possible to learn from mistakes in the early phases and adapt the process so as to improve performance in later phases.Families often accompany combatants to cantonment sites. Where necessary, camps that are close to cantonment sites may be established for family members. Alternatively, transport may be provided for family members to return to their communities.The duration of demobilization will depend on the time that is needed to complete the activities planned during demobilization (e.g., screening, profiling, awareness raising). Generally speaking, the demobilization component of a DDR process should be as short as possible. At temporary demobilization sites, it may be possible to process individuals in one or two days. If semi-permanent demobilization sites have been constructed, cantonment should be kept as short as possible \u2013 from one week to a maximum of one month. DDR practitioners should also seek to ensure that the conditions at demobilization sites are equivalent to those in civilian life. If this is the case, then it is less likely that demobilized individuals will be reluctant to leave. Demobilization should not begin until plans for reinsertion (or community violence reduction, as a stop-gap measure) and reintegration are ready to be put into operation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":980, "Sentence":"However, if many small demobilization sites are in operation at one time, this can lead to widely dispersed resources and difficult logistical situations.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization however many small demobilization site operation one time lead widely dispersed resource difficult logistical situation ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Size, capacity and duration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The size and capacity of demobilization sites should be determined by the number of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to be processed. Typically, demobilization sites with a small number of combatants and associated persons are easier to administer, control and secure. However, if many small demobilization sites are in operation at one time, this can lead to widely dispersed resources and difficult logistical situations. Demobilization sites should not accommodate more than 600 people at one time. When time constraints mean that larger numbers must be dealt with in a short period of time, two demobilization sites may be constructed simultaneously and managed by the same team. In order to optimize the use of demobilization sites and avoid bottlenecks, an operational plan should be developed that contains methods for controlling the number and flow of people to be demobilized at any particular time. Carrying out demobilization in phases is one option to increase efficiency. This process may include a pilot test phase, which makes it possible to learn from mistakes in the early phases and adapt the process so as to improve performance in later phases.Families often accompany combatants to cantonment sites. Where necessary, camps that are close to cantonment sites may be established for family members. Alternatively, transport may be provided for family members to return to their communities.The duration of demobilization will depend on the time that is needed to complete the activities planned during demobilization (e.g., screening, profiling, awareness raising). Generally speaking, the demobilization component of a DDR process should be as short as possible. At temporary demobilization sites, it may be possible to process individuals in one or two days. If semi-permanent demobilization sites have been constructed, cantonment should be kept as short as possible \u2013 from one week to a maximum of one month. DDR practitioners should also seek to ensure that the conditions at demobilization sites are equivalent to those in civilian life. If this is the case, then it is less likely that demobilized individuals will be reluctant to leave. Demobilization should not begin until plans for reinsertion (or community violence reduction, as a stop-gap measure) and reintegration are ready to be put into operation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":980, "Sentence":"Demobilization sites should not accommodate more than 600 people at one time.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilization site accommodate 600 people one time ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Size, capacity and duration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The size and capacity of demobilization sites should be determined by the number of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to be processed. Typically, demobilization sites with a small number of combatants and associated persons are easier to administer, control and secure. However, if many small demobilization sites are in operation at one time, this can lead to widely dispersed resources and difficult logistical situations. Demobilization sites should not accommodate more than 600 people at one time. When time constraints mean that larger numbers must be dealt with in a short period of time, two demobilization sites may be constructed simultaneously and managed by the same team. In order to optimize the use of demobilization sites and avoid bottlenecks, an operational plan should be developed that contains methods for controlling the number and flow of people to be demobilized at any particular time. Carrying out demobilization in phases is one option to increase efficiency. This process may include a pilot test phase, which makes it possible to learn from mistakes in the early phases and adapt the process so as to improve performance in later phases.Families often accompany combatants to cantonment sites. Where necessary, camps that are close to cantonment sites may be established for family members. Alternatively, transport may be provided for family members to return to their communities.The duration of demobilization will depend on the time that is needed to complete the activities planned during demobilization (e.g., screening, profiling, awareness raising). Generally speaking, the demobilization component of a DDR process should be as short as possible. At temporary demobilization sites, it may be possible to process individuals in one or two days. If semi-permanent demobilization sites have been constructed, cantonment should be kept as short as possible \u2013 from one week to a maximum of one month. DDR practitioners should also seek to ensure that the conditions at demobilization sites are equivalent to those in civilian life. If this is the case, then it is less likely that demobilized individuals will be reluctant to leave. Demobilization should not begin until plans for reinsertion (or community violence reduction, as a stop-gap measure) and reintegration are ready to be put into operation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":980, "Sentence":"When time constraints mean that larger numbers must be dealt with in a short period of time, two demobilization sites may be constructed simultaneously and managed by the same team.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization time constraint mean larger number must dealt short period time two demobilization site may constructed simultaneously managed team ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Size, capacity and duration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The size and capacity of demobilization sites should be determined by the number of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to be processed. Typically, demobilization sites with a small number of combatants and associated persons are easier to administer, control and secure. However, if many small demobilization sites are in operation at one time, this can lead to widely dispersed resources and difficult logistical situations. Demobilization sites should not accommodate more than 600 people at one time. When time constraints mean that larger numbers must be dealt with in a short period of time, two demobilization sites may be constructed simultaneously and managed by the same team. In order to optimize the use of demobilization sites and avoid bottlenecks, an operational plan should be developed that contains methods for controlling the number and flow of people to be demobilized at any particular time. Carrying out demobilization in phases is one option to increase efficiency. This process may include a pilot test phase, which makes it possible to learn from mistakes in the early phases and adapt the process so as to improve performance in later phases.Families often accompany combatants to cantonment sites. Where necessary, camps that are close to cantonment sites may be established for family members. Alternatively, transport may be provided for family members to return to their communities.The duration of demobilization will depend on the time that is needed to complete the activities planned during demobilization (e.g., screening, profiling, awareness raising). Generally speaking, the demobilization component of a DDR process should be as short as possible. At temporary demobilization sites, it may be possible to process individuals in one or two days. If semi-permanent demobilization sites have been constructed, cantonment should be kept as short as possible \u2013 from one week to a maximum of one month. DDR practitioners should also seek to ensure that the conditions at demobilization sites are equivalent to those in civilian life. If this is the case, then it is less likely that demobilized individuals will be reluctant to leave. Demobilization should not begin until plans for reinsertion (or community violence reduction, as a stop-gap measure) and reintegration are ready to be put into operation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":980, "Sentence":"In order to optimize the use of demobilization sites and avoid bottlenecks, an operational plan should be developed that contains methods for controlling the number and flow of people to be demobilized at any particular time.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization order optimize use demobilization site avoid bottleneck operational plan developed contains method controlling number flow people demobilized particular time ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Size, capacity and duration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The size and capacity of demobilization sites should be determined by the number of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to be processed. Typically, demobilization sites with a small number of combatants and associated persons are easier to administer, control and secure. However, if many small demobilization sites are in operation at one time, this can lead to widely dispersed resources and difficult logistical situations. Demobilization sites should not accommodate more than 600 people at one time. When time constraints mean that larger numbers must be dealt with in a short period of time, two demobilization sites may be constructed simultaneously and managed by the same team. In order to optimize the use of demobilization sites and avoid bottlenecks, an operational plan should be developed that contains methods for controlling the number and flow of people to be demobilized at any particular time. Carrying out demobilization in phases is one option to increase efficiency. This process may include a pilot test phase, which makes it possible to learn from mistakes in the early phases and adapt the process so as to improve performance in later phases.Families often accompany combatants to cantonment sites. Where necessary, camps that are close to cantonment sites may be established for family members. Alternatively, transport may be provided for family members to return to their communities.The duration of demobilization will depend on the time that is needed to complete the activities planned during demobilization (e.g., screening, profiling, awareness raising). Generally speaking, the demobilization component of a DDR process should be as short as possible. At temporary demobilization sites, it may be possible to process individuals in one or two days. If semi-permanent demobilization sites have been constructed, cantonment should be kept as short as possible \u2013 from one week to a maximum of one month. DDR practitioners should also seek to ensure that the conditions at demobilization sites are equivalent to those in civilian life. If this is the case, then it is less likely that demobilized individuals will be reluctant to leave. Demobilization should not begin until plans for reinsertion (or community violence reduction, as a stop-gap measure) and reintegration are ready to be put into operation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":980, "Sentence":"Carrying out demobilization in phases is one option to increase efficiency.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization carrying demobilization phase one option increase efficiency ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Size, capacity and duration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The size and capacity of demobilization sites should be determined by the number of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to be processed. Typically, demobilization sites with a small number of combatants and associated persons are easier to administer, control and secure. However, if many small demobilization sites are in operation at one time, this can lead to widely dispersed resources and difficult logistical situations. Demobilization sites should not accommodate more than 600 people at one time. When time constraints mean that larger numbers must be dealt with in a short period of time, two demobilization sites may be constructed simultaneously and managed by the same team. In order to optimize the use of demobilization sites and avoid bottlenecks, an operational plan should be developed that contains methods for controlling the number and flow of people to be demobilized at any particular time. Carrying out demobilization in phases is one option to increase efficiency. This process may include a pilot test phase, which makes it possible to learn from mistakes in the early phases and adapt the process so as to improve performance in later phases.Families often accompany combatants to cantonment sites. Where necessary, camps that are close to cantonment sites may be established for family members. Alternatively, transport may be provided for family members to return to their communities.The duration of demobilization will depend on the time that is needed to complete the activities planned during demobilization (e.g., screening, profiling, awareness raising). Generally speaking, the demobilization component of a DDR process should be as short as possible. At temporary demobilization sites, it may be possible to process individuals in one or two days. If semi-permanent demobilization sites have been constructed, cantonment should be kept as short as possible \u2013 from one week to a maximum of one month. DDR practitioners should also seek to ensure that the conditions at demobilization sites are equivalent to those in civilian life. If this is the case, then it is less likely that demobilized individuals will be reluctant to leave. Demobilization should not begin until plans for reinsertion (or community violence reduction, as a stop-gap measure) and reintegration are ready to be put into operation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":980, "Sentence":"This process may include a pilot test phase, which makes it possible to learn from mistakes in the early phases and adapt the process so as to improve performance in later phases.Families often accompany combatants to cantonment sites.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization process may include pilot test phase make possible learn mistake early phase adapt process improve performance later phases.families often accompany combatant cantonment site ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Size, capacity and duration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The size and capacity of demobilization sites should be determined by the number of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to be processed. Typically, demobilization sites with a small number of combatants and associated persons are easier to administer, control and secure. However, if many small demobilization sites are in operation at one time, this can lead to widely dispersed resources and difficult logistical situations. Demobilization sites should not accommodate more than 600 people at one time. When time constraints mean that larger numbers must be dealt with in a short period of time, two demobilization sites may be constructed simultaneously and managed by the same team. In order to optimize the use of demobilization sites and avoid bottlenecks, an operational plan should be developed that contains methods for controlling the number and flow of people to be demobilized at any particular time. Carrying out demobilization in phases is one option to increase efficiency. This process may include a pilot test phase, which makes it possible to learn from mistakes in the early phases and adapt the process so as to improve performance in later phases.Families often accompany combatants to cantonment sites. Where necessary, camps that are close to cantonment sites may be established for family members. Alternatively, transport may be provided for family members to return to their communities.The duration of demobilization will depend on the time that is needed to complete the activities planned during demobilization (e.g., screening, profiling, awareness raising). Generally speaking, the demobilization component of a DDR process should be as short as possible. At temporary demobilization sites, it may be possible to process individuals in one or two days. If semi-permanent demobilization sites have been constructed, cantonment should be kept as short as possible \u2013 from one week to a maximum of one month. DDR practitioners should also seek to ensure that the conditions at demobilization sites are equivalent to those in civilian life. If this is the case, then it is less likely that demobilized individuals will be reluctant to leave. Demobilization should not begin until plans for reinsertion (or community violence reduction, as a stop-gap measure) and reintegration are ready to be put into operation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":980, "Sentence":"Where necessary, camps that are close to cantonment sites may be established for family members.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization necessary camp close cantonment site may established family member ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Size, capacity and duration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The size and capacity of demobilization sites should be determined by the number of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to be processed. Typically, demobilization sites with a small number of combatants and associated persons are easier to administer, control and secure. However, if many small demobilization sites are in operation at one time, this can lead to widely dispersed resources and difficult logistical situations. Demobilization sites should not accommodate more than 600 people at one time. When time constraints mean that larger numbers must be dealt with in a short period of time, two demobilization sites may be constructed simultaneously and managed by the same team. In order to optimize the use of demobilization sites and avoid bottlenecks, an operational plan should be developed that contains methods for controlling the number and flow of people to be demobilized at any particular time. Carrying out demobilization in phases is one option to increase efficiency. This process may include a pilot test phase, which makes it possible to learn from mistakes in the early phases and adapt the process so as to improve performance in later phases.Families often accompany combatants to cantonment sites. Where necessary, camps that are close to cantonment sites may be established for family members. Alternatively, transport may be provided for family members to return to their communities.The duration of demobilization will depend on the time that is needed to complete the activities planned during demobilization (e.g., screening, profiling, awareness raising). Generally speaking, the demobilization component of a DDR process should be as short as possible. At temporary demobilization sites, it may be possible to process individuals in one or two days. If semi-permanent demobilization sites have been constructed, cantonment should be kept as short as possible \u2013 from one week to a maximum of one month. DDR practitioners should also seek to ensure that the conditions at demobilization sites are equivalent to those in civilian life. If this is the case, then it is less likely that demobilized individuals will be reluctant to leave. Demobilization should not begin until plans for reinsertion (or community violence reduction, as a stop-gap measure) and reintegration are ready to be put into operation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":980, "Sentence":"Alternatively, transport may be provided for family members to return to their communities.The duration of demobilization will depend on the time that is needed to complete the activities planned during demobilization (e.g., screening, profiling, awareness raising).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization alternatively transport may provided family member return communities.the duration demobilization depend time needed complete activity planned demobilization e.g . screening profiling awareness raising ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Size, capacity and duration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The size and capacity of demobilization sites should be determined by the number of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to be processed. Typically, demobilization sites with a small number of combatants and associated persons are easier to administer, control and secure. However, if many small demobilization sites are in operation at one time, this can lead to widely dispersed resources and difficult logistical situations. Demobilization sites should not accommodate more than 600 people at one time. When time constraints mean that larger numbers must be dealt with in a short period of time, two demobilization sites may be constructed simultaneously and managed by the same team. In order to optimize the use of demobilization sites and avoid bottlenecks, an operational plan should be developed that contains methods for controlling the number and flow of people to be demobilized at any particular time. Carrying out demobilization in phases is one option to increase efficiency. This process may include a pilot test phase, which makes it possible to learn from mistakes in the early phases and adapt the process so as to improve performance in later phases.Families often accompany combatants to cantonment sites. Where necessary, camps that are close to cantonment sites may be established for family members. Alternatively, transport may be provided for family members to return to their communities.The duration of demobilization will depend on the time that is needed to complete the activities planned during demobilization (e.g., screening, profiling, awareness raising). Generally speaking, the demobilization component of a DDR process should be as short as possible. At temporary demobilization sites, it may be possible to process individuals in one or two days. If semi-permanent demobilization sites have been constructed, cantonment should be kept as short as possible \u2013 from one week to a maximum of one month. DDR practitioners should also seek to ensure that the conditions at demobilization sites are equivalent to those in civilian life. If this is the case, then it is less likely that demobilized individuals will be reluctant to leave. Demobilization should not begin until plans for reinsertion (or community violence reduction, as a stop-gap measure) and reintegration are ready to be put into operation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":980, "Sentence":"Generally speaking, the demobilization component of a DDR process should be as short as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization generally speaking demobilization component ddr process short possible ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Size, capacity and duration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The size and capacity of demobilization sites should be determined by the number of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to be processed. Typically, demobilization sites with a small number of combatants and associated persons are easier to administer, control and secure. However, if many small demobilization sites are in operation at one time, this can lead to widely dispersed resources and difficult logistical situations. Demobilization sites should not accommodate more than 600 people at one time. When time constraints mean that larger numbers must be dealt with in a short period of time, two demobilization sites may be constructed simultaneously and managed by the same team. In order to optimize the use of demobilization sites and avoid bottlenecks, an operational plan should be developed that contains methods for controlling the number and flow of people to be demobilized at any particular time. Carrying out demobilization in phases is one option to increase efficiency. This process may include a pilot test phase, which makes it possible to learn from mistakes in the early phases and adapt the process so as to improve performance in later phases.Families often accompany combatants to cantonment sites. Where necessary, camps that are close to cantonment sites may be established for family members. Alternatively, transport may be provided for family members to return to their communities.The duration of demobilization will depend on the time that is needed to complete the activities planned during demobilization (e.g., screening, profiling, awareness raising). Generally speaking, the demobilization component of a DDR process should be as short as possible. At temporary demobilization sites, it may be possible to process individuals in one or two days. If semi-permanent demobilization sites have been constructed, cantonment should be kept as short as possible \u2013 from one week to a maximum of one month. DDR practitioners should also seek to ensure that the conditions at demobilization sites are equivalent to those in civilian life. If this is the case, then it is less likely that demobilized individuals will be reluctant to leave. Demobilization should not begin until plans for reinsertion (or community violence reduction, as a stop-gap measure) and reintegration are ready to be put into operation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":980, "Sentence":"At temporary demobilization sites, it may be possible to process individuals in one or two days.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization temporary demobilization site may possible process individual one two day ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Size, capacity and duration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The size and capacity of demobilization sites should be determined by the number of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to be processed. Typically, demobilization sites with a small number of combatants and associated persons are easier to administer, control and secure. However, if many small demobilization sites are in operation at one time, this can lead to widely dispersed resources and difficult logistical situations. Demobilization sites should not accommodate more than 600 people at one time. When time constraints mean that larger numbers must be dealt with in a short period of time, two demobilization sites may be constructed simultaneously and managed by the same team. In order to optimize the use of demobilization sites and avoid bottlenecks, an operational plan should be developed that contains methods for controlling the number and flow of people to be demobilized at any particular time. Carrying out demobilization in phases is one option to increase efficiency. This process may include a pilot test phase, which makes it possible to learn from mistakes in the early phases and adapt the process so as to improve performance in later phases.Families often accompany combatants to cantonment sites. Where necessary, camps that are close to cantonment sites may be established for family members. Alternatively, transport may be provided for family members to return to their communities.The duration of demobilization will depend on the time that is needed to complete the activities planned during demobilization (e.g., screening, profiling, awareness raising). Generally speaking, the demobilization component of a DDR process should be as short as possible. At temporary demobilization sites, it may be possible to process individuals in one or two days. If semi-permanent demobilization sites have been constructed, cantonment should be kept as short as possible \u2013 from one week to a maximum of one month. DDR practitioners should also seek to ensure that the conditions at demobilization sites are equivalent to those in civilian life. If this is the case, then it is less likely that demobilized individuals will be reluctant to leave. Demobilization should not begin until plans for reinsertion (or community violence reduction, as a stop-gap measure) and reintegration are ready to be put into operation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":980, "Sentence":"If semi-permanent demobilization sites have been constructed, cantonment should be kept as short as possible \u2013 from one week to a maximum of one month.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization semipermanent demobilization site constructed cantonment kept short possible \u2013 one week maximum one month ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Size, capacity and duration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The size and capacity of demobilization sites should be determined by the number of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to be processed. Typically, demobilization sites with a small number of combatants and associated persons are easier to administer, control and secure. However, if many small demobilization sites are in operation at one time, this can lead to widely dispersed resources and difficult logistical situations. Demobilization sites should not accommodate more than 600 people at one time. When time constraints mean that larger numbers must be dealt with in a short period of time, two demobilization sites may be constructed simultaneously and managed by the same team. In order to optimize the use of demobilization sites and avoid bottlenecks, an operational plan should be developed that contains methods for controlling the number and flow of people to be demobilized at any particular time. Carrying out demobilization in phases is one option to increase efficiency. This process may include a pilot test phase, which makes it possible to learn from mistakes in the early phases and adapt the process so as to improve performance in later phases.Families often accompany combatants to cantonment sites. Where necessary, camps that are close to cantonment sites may be established for family members. Alternatively, transport may be provided for family members to return to their communities.The duration of demobilization will depend on the time that is needed to complete the activities planned during demobilization (e.g., screening, profiling, awareness raising). Generally speaking, the demobilization component of a DDR process should be as short as possible. At temporary demobilization sites, it may be possible to process individuals in one or two days. If semi-permanent demobilization sites have been constructed, cantonment should be kept as short as possible \u2013 from one week to a maximum of one month. DDR practitioners should also seek to ensure that the conditions at demobilization sites are equivalent to those in civilian life. If this is the case, then it is less likely that demobilized individuals will be reluctant to leave. Demobilization should not begin until plans for reinsertion (or community violence reduction, as a stop-gap measure) and reintegration are ready to be put into operation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":980, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should also seek to ensure that the conditions at demobilization sites are equivalent to those in civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization ddr practitioner also seek ensure condition demobilization site equivalent civilian life ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Size, capacity and duration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The size and capacity of demobilization sites should be determined by the number of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to be processed. Typically, demobilization sites with a small number of combatants and associated persons are easier to administer, control and secure. However, if many small demobilization sites are in operation at one time, this can lead to widely dispersed resources and difficult logistical situations. Demobilization sites should not accommodate more than 600 people at one time. When time constraints mean that larger numbers must be dealt with in a short period of time, two demobilization sites may be constructed simultaneously and managed by the same team. In order to optimize the use of demobilization sites and avoid bottlenecks, an operational plan should be developed that contains methods for controlling the number and flow of people to be demobilized at any particular time. Carrying out demobilization in phases is one option to increase efficiency. This process may include a pilot test phase, which makes it possible to learn from mistakes in the early phases and adapt the process so as to improve performance in later phases.Families often accompany combatants to cantonment sites. Where necessary, camps that are close to cantonment sites may be established for family members. Alternatively, transport may be provided for family members to return to their communities.The duration of demobilization will depend on the time that is needed to complete the activities planned during demobilization (e.g., screening, profiling, awareness raising). Generally speaking, the demobilization component of a DDR process should be as short as possible. At temporary demobilization sites, it may be possible to process individuals in one or two days. If semi-permanent demobilization sites have been constructed, cantonment should be kept as short as possible \u2013 from one week to a maximum of one month. DDR practitioners should also seek to ensure that the conditions at demobilization sites are equivalent to those in civilian life. If this is the case, then it is less likely that demobilized individuals will be reluctant to leave. Demobilization should not begin until plans for reinsertion (or community violence reduction, as a stop-gap measure) and reintegration are ready to be put into operation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":980, "Sentence":"If this is the case, then it is less likely that demobilized individuals will be reluctant to leave.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization case le likely demobilized individual reluctant leave ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.4 Size, capacity and duration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The size and capacity of demobilization sites should be determined by the number of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups to be processed. Typically, demobilization sites with a small number of combatants and associated persons are easier to administer, control and secure. However, if many small demobilization sites are in operation at one time, this can lead to widely dispersed resources and difficult logistical situations. Demobilization sites should not accommodate more than 600 people at one time. When time constraints mean that larger numbers must be dealt with in a short period of time, two demobilization sites may be constructed simultaneously and managed by the same team. In order to optimize the use of demobilization sites and avoid bottlenecks, an operational plan should be developed that contains methods for controlling the number and flow of people to be demobilized at any particular time. Carrying out demobilization in phases is one option to increase efficiency. This process may include a pilot test phase, which makes it possible to learn from mistakes in the early phases and adapt the process so as to improve performance in later phases.Families often accompany combatants to cantonment sites. Where necessary, camps that are close to cantonment sites may be established for family members. Alternatively, transport may be provided for family members to return to their communities.The duration of demobilization will depend on the time that is needed to complete the activities planned during demobilization (e.g., screening, profiling, awareness raising). Generally speaking, the demobilization component of a DDR process should be as short as possible. At temporary demobilization sites, it may be possible to process individuals in one or two days. If semi-permanent demobilization sites have been constructed, cantonment should be kept as short as possible \u2013 from one week to a maximum of one month. DDR practitioners should also seek to ensure that the conditions at demobilization sites are equivalent to those in civilian life. If this is the case, then it is less likely that demobilized individuals will be reluctant to leave. Demobilization should not begin until plans for reinsertion (or community violence reduction, as a stop-gap measure) and reintegration are ready to be put into operation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":980, "Sentence":"Demobilization should not begin until plans for reinsertion (or community violence reduction, as a stop-gap measure) and reintegration are ready to be put into operation.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilization begin plan reinsertion community violence reduction stopgap measure reintegration ready put operation ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.5 Managing demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The manager of the demobilization site and his\/her support team are responsible for the day-to-day running of the site and should be trained before demobilization operations begin. In semi-permanent sites, where those who demobilize may reside for up to one month, DDR practitioners should consider involving DDR participants in the management of the site. Group leaders, including women, should be chosen and given the responsibility of reporting any misbehaviour. A mechanism should also exist between group leaders and staff that will enable arbitration to take place should disputes or complaints arise.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":981, "Sentence":"The manager of the demobilization site and his\/her support team are responsible for the day-to-day running of the site and should be trained before demobilization operations begin.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization manager demobilization site his\/her support team responsible daytoday running site trained demobilization operation begin ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.5 Managing demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The manager of the demobilization site and his\/her support team are responsible for the day-to-day running of the site and should be trained before demobilization operations begin. In semi-permanent sites, where those who demobilize may reside for up to one month, DDR practitioners should consider involving DDR participants in the management of the site. Group leaders, including women, should be chosen and given the responsibility of reporting any misbehaviour. A mechanism should also exist between group leaders and staff that will enable arbitration to take place should disputes or complaints arise.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":981, "Sentence":"In semi-permanent sites, where those who demobilize may reside for up to one month, DDR practitioners should consider involving DDR participants in the management of the site.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization semipermanent site demobilize may reside one month ddr practitioner consider involving ddr participant management site ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.5 Managing demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The manager of the demobilization site and his\/her support team are responsible for the day-to-day running of the site and should be trained before demobilization operations begin. In semi-permanent sites, where those who demobilize may reside for up to one month, DDR practitioners should consider involving DDR participants in the management of the site. Group leaders, including women, should be chosen and given the responsibility of reporting any misbehaviour. A mechanism should also exist between group leaders and staff that will enable arbitration to take place should disputes or complaints arise.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":981, "Sentence":"Group leaders, including women, should be chosen and given the responsibility of reporting any misbehaviour.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization group leader including woman chosen given responsibility reporting misbehaviour ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.3 Demobilization sites", "Heading3":"5.3.5 Managing demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The manager of the demobilization site and his\/her support team are responsible for the day-to-day running of the site and should be trained before demobilization operations begin. In semi-permanent sites, where those who demobilize may reside for up to one month, DDR practitioners should consider involving DDR participants in the management of the site. Group leaders, including women, should be chosen and given the responsibility of reporting any misbehaviour. A mechanism should also exist between group leaders and staff that will enable arbitration to take place should disputes or complaints arise.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":981, "Sentence":"A mechanism should also exist between group leaders and staff that will enable arbitration to take place should disputes or complaints arise.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization mechanism also exist group leader staff enable arbitration take place dispute complaint arise ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization comprehensive risk security assessment conducted inform planning demobilization operation identify threat ddr programme personnel well participant beneficiary ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization assessment identify tolerable risk risk accepted society given context based current value identify protective measure necessary achieve residual risk risk remaining protective measure taken ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization risk related woman youth child dependant specificneeds group also considered ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization developing \u2018 safe \u2019 working environment must acknowledged absolute safety many activity carried demobilization operation high risk associated ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization however national authority international organization nongovernmental organization must try achieve highest possible level safety ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization risk demobilization operation may include n attack demobilization site personnel personnel staff demobilization site may targeted armed group signed peace agreement ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"\\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n attack demobilized individual instance peace agreement may cause armed group fracture part group opting enter ddr others continue fighting ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization instance favour continued armed conflict may retaliate individual demobilize ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization case active armed group may approach demobilization site aim retrieving former member ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilized individual already returned home member active armed group may attempt track individual order punish forcibly rerecruit ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization family member demobilized may also subject threat attack particularly reside area member family member \u2019 former group still present ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"\\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n attack woman minority group historically sgbv woman minority group cantonment site high ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization essential security risk assessment take consideration specific vulnerability woman identify minority group may also risk provide additional security measure ensure safety ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"\\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n attack individual transporting receiving reinsertion support security risk associated transportation cash commodity easily seized armed individual ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization known demobilized individual receive cash and\/or commodity certain time and\/or place may make target robbery ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"\\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n unrest criminality armed group remain demobilization site particularly cantonment site long period time perhaps delay ddr programme site may become place unrest especially food water become scarce ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilization delay lead mutiny combatant person associated armed force group lose trust process ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization especially true demobilizing individual begin feel state and\/or international community reneging previous promise ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization circumstance demobilized individual may resort criminality nearby community mount protest demobilization personnel ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.4 Risk and security assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A comprehensive risk and security assessment should be conducted to inform the planning of demobilization operations and identify threats to the DDR programme and its personnel, as well as to participants and beneficiaries. The assessment should identify the tolerable risk (the risk accepted by society in a given context based on current values), and then identify the protective measures necessary to achieve a residual risk (the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken). Risks related to women, youth, children, dependants and other specific-needs groups should also be considered. In developing this \u2018safe\u2019 working environment, it must be acknowledged that there can be no absolute safety and that many of the activities carried out during demobilization operations have a high risk associated with them. However, national authorities, international organizations and non-governmental organizations must try to achieve the highest possible levels of safety. Risks during demobilization operations may include: \\n Attacks on demobilization site personnel: The personnel who staff demobilization sites may be targeted by armed groups that have not signed on to the peace agreement. \\n Attacks on demobilized individuals: In some instances, peace agreements may cause armed groups to fracture, with some parts of the group opting to enter DDR while others continue fighting. In these instances, those who favour continued armed conflict may retaliate against individuals who demobilize. In some cases, active armed groups may approach demobilization sites with the aim of retrieving their former members. If demobilized individuals have already returned home, members of active armed groups may attempt to track these individuals down in order to punish or forcibly re-recruit them. The family members of the demobilized may also be subject to threats and attacks, particularly if they reside in areas where members of their family member\u2019s former group are still present. \\n Attacks on women and minority groups: Historically, SGBV against women and minority groups in cantonment sites has been high. It is essential that security and risk assessments take into consideration the specific vulnerabilities of women, identify minority groups who may also be at risk and provide additional security measures to ensure their safety. \\n Attacks on individuals transporting and receiving reinsertion support: Security risks are associated with the transportation of cash and commodities that can be easily seized by armed individuals. If it is known that demobilized individuals will receive cash and\/or commodities at a certain time and\/or place, it may make them targets for robbery. \\n Unrest and criminality: If armed groups remain in demobilization sites (particularly cantonment sites) for long periods of time, perhaps because of delays in the DDR programme, these sites may become places of unrest, especially if food and water become scarce. Demobilization delays can lead to mutinies by combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups as they lose trust in the process. This is especially true if demobilizing individuals begin to feel that the State and\/or international community is reneging on previous promises. In these circumstances, demobilized individuals may resort to criminality in nearby communities or mount protests against demobilization personnel. \\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":982, "Sentence":"\\n Recruitment: Armed forces and groups may use the prospect of demobilization (and associated reinsertion benefits) as an incentive to recruit civilians.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n recruitment armed force group may use prospect demobilization associated reinsertion benefit incentive recruit civilian ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.5 Gender-sensitive demobilization operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Action should be taken to ensure that demobilization sites (whether temporary, semi-permanent or otherwise) respond to the different needs of men and women. Gender-sensitive demobilization sites should: \\n Include separate accommodation and sanitation facilities (with locks) for men and women. In some circumstances these separate facilities may be located within the same demobilization site, or separate demobilization sites for men and women may be set up; \\n Feature sanitary facilities designed to ensure women\u2019s privacy and support their hygiene needs (e.g., sanitary napkins), as well as take into consideration cultural norms; \\n Include provisions for childcare; \\n Be safe for women and recognize and deal with the threat of sexual violence within the demobilization site, including ensuring locks in facilities, good lighting, information provided on specific contact within the camp to address women\u2019s security incidents and issues, and, where possible, the presence of female security guards and police (for internal site security). If female security guards are not available, male security guards shall be trained on sexual exploitation and harassment, sexual violence prevention, and gender sensitivity prior to deployment, and there shall exist a clear and gender-responsive system at the demobilization site for handling any complaints by women against security guards, as well as policies that call for the immediate removal of any officer about whom security concerns are raised; \\n Provide for the specific nutritional needs of nursing and pregnant women; \\n Ensure that health care and counselling is available to meet women\u2019s specific needs, including those women who have suffered SGBV; and \\n Take protective measures to ensure women\u2019s safety during transportation to and from the demobilization sites.Where possible, female staff should receive and process women at demobilization sites. Gender balance should be a priority among the staff managing demobilization sites. If men do not see women in positions of authority, they are less likely to take efforts aimed at changing their attitudes towards traditional gender roles and women\u2019s empowerment seriously. Screening and profiling tools should be designed to be responsive to women\u2019s specific needs and experiences. Women should also have the same opportunities to access support as men, and the briefings and information provided should include specific information on the challenges that women may encounter upon reinsertion into their communities.As women formerly associated with armed forces and groups are often stigmatized upon return to their communities, briefings during the demobilization operation should include attention to safety and referrals to support services in civilian life. Irrespective of the type of transfer modality that has been selected for reinsertion support (see section 7), the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients, or encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":983, "Sentence":"Action should be taken to ensure that demobilization sites (whether temporary, semi-permanent or otherwise) respond to the different needs of men and women.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization action taken ensure demobilization site whether temporary semipermanent otherwise respond different need men woman ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.5 Gender-sensitive demobilization operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Action should be taken to ensure that demobilization sites (whether temporary, semi-permanent or otherwise) respond to the different needs of men and women. Gender-sensitive demobilization sites should: \\n Include separate accommodation and sanitation facilities (with locks) for men and women. In some circumstances these separate facilities may be located within the same demobilization site, or separate demobilization sites for men and women may be set up; \\n Feature sanitary facilities designed to ensure women\u2019s privacy and support their hygiene needs (e.g., sanitary napkins), as well as take into consideration cultural norms; \\n Include provisions for childcare; \\n Be safe for women and recognize and deal with the threat of sexual violence within the demobilization site, including ensuring locks in facilities, good lighting, information provided on specific contact within the camp to address women\u2019s security incidents and issues, and, where possible, the presence of female security guards and police (for internal site security). If female security guards are not available, male security guards shall be trained on sexual exploitation and harassment, sexual violence prevention, and gender sensitivity prior to deployment, and there shall exist a clear and gender-responsive system at the demobilization site for handling any complaints by women against security guards, as well as policies that call for the immediate removal of any officer about whom security concerns are raised; \\n Provide for the specific nutritional needs of nursing and pregnant women; \\n Ensure that health care and counselling is available to meet women\u2019s specific needs, including those women who have suffered SGBV; and \\n Take protective measures to ensure women\u2019s safety during transportation to and from the demobilization sites.Where possible, female staff should receive and process women at demobilization sites. Gender balance should be a priority among the staff managing demobilization sites. If men do not see women in positions of authority, they are less likely to take efforts aimed at changing their attitudes towards traditional gender roles and women\u2019s empowerment seriously. Screening and profiling tools should be designed to be responsive to women\u2019s specific needs and experiences. Women should also have the same opportunities to access support as men, and the briefings and information provided should include specific information on the challenges that women may encounter upon reinsertion into their communities.As women formerly associated with armed forces and groups are often stigmatized upon return to their communities, briefings during the demobilization operation should include attention to safety and referrals to support services in civilian life. Irrespective of the type of transfer modality that has been selected for reinsertion support (see section 7), the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients, or encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":983, "Sentence":"Gender-sensitive demobilization sites should: \\n Include separate accommodation and sanitation facilities (with locks) for men and women.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization gendersensitive demobilization site n include separate accommodation sanitation facility lock men woman ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.5 Gender-sensitive demobilization operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Action should be taken to ensure that demobilization sites (whether temporary, semi-permanent or otherwise) respond to the different needs of men and women. Gender-sensitive demobilization sites should: \\n Include separate accommodation and sanitation facilities (with locks) for men and women. In some circumstances these separate facilities may be located within the same demobilization site, or separate demobilization sites for men and women may be set up; \\n Feature sanitary facilities designed to ensure women\u2019s privacy and support their hygiene needs (e.g., sanitary napkins), as well as take into consideration cultural norms; \\n Include provisions for childcare; \\n Be safe for women and recognize and deal with the threat of sexual violence within the demobilization site, including ensuring locks in facilities, good lighting, information provided on specific contact within the camp to address women\u2019s security incidents and issues, and, where possible, the presence of female security guards and police (for internal site security). If female security guards are not available, male security guards shall be trained on sexual exploitation and harassment, sexual violence prevention, and gender sensitivity prior to deployment, and there shall exist a clear and gender-responsive system at the demobilization site for handling any complaints by women against security guards, as well as policies that call for the immediate removal of any officer about whom security concerns are raised; \\n Provide for the specific nutritional needs of nursing and pregnant women; \\n Ensure that health care and counselling is available to meet women\u2019s specific needs, including those women who have suffered SGBV; and \\n Take protective measures to ensure women\u2019s safety during transportation to and from the demobilization sites.Where possible, female staff should receive and process women at demobilization sites. Gender balance should be a priority among the staff managing demobilization sites. If men do not see women in positions of authority, they are less likely to take efforts aimed at changing their attitudes towards traditional gender roles and women\u2019s empowerment seriously. Screening and profiling tools should be designed to be responsive to women\u2019s specific needs and experiences. Women should also have the same opportunities to access support as men, and the briefings and information provided should include specific information on the challenges that women may encounter upon reinsertion into their communities.As women formerly associated with armed forces and groups are often stigmatized upon return to their communities, briefings during the demobilization operation should include attention to safety and referrals to support services in civilian life. Irrespective of the type of transfer modality that has been selected for reinsertion support (see section 7), the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients, or encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":983, "Sentence":"In some circumstances these separate facilities may be located within the same demobilization site, or separate demobilization sites for men and women may be set up; \\n Feature sanitary facilities designed to ensure women\u2019s privacy and support their hygiene needs (e.g., sanitary napkins), as well as take into consideration cultural norms; \\n Include provisions for childcare; \\n Be safe for women and recognize and deal with the threat of sexual violence within the demobilization site, including ensuring locks in facilities, good lighting, information provided on specific contact within the camp to address women\u2019s security incidents and issues, and, where possible, the presence of female security guards and police (for internal site security).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization circumstance separate facility may located within demobilization site separate demobilization site men woman may set n feature sanitary facility designed ensure woman \u2019 privacy support hygiene need e.g . sanitary napkin well take consideration cultural norm n include provision childcare n safe woman recognize deal threat sexual violence within demobilization site including ensuring lock facility good lighting information provided specific contact within camp address woman \u2019 security incident issue possible presence female security guard police internal site security ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.5 Gender-sensitive demobilization operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Action should be taken to ensure that demobilization sites (whether temporary, semi-permanent or otherwise) respond to the different needs of men and women. Gender-sensitive demobilization sites should: \\n Include separate accommodation and sanitation facilities (with locks) for men and women. In some circumstances these separate facilities may be located within the same demobilization site, or separate demobilization sites for men and women may be set up; \\n Feature sanitary facilities designed to ensure women\u2019s privacy and support their hygiene needs (e.g., sanitary napkins), as well as take into consideration cultural norms; \\n Include provisions for childcare; \\n Be safe for women and recognize and deal with the threat of sexual violence within the demobilization site, including ensuring locks in facilities, good lighting, information provided on specific contact within the camp to address women\u2019s security incidents and issues, and, where possible, the presence of female security guards and police (for internal site security). If female security guards are not available, male security guards shall be trained on sexual exploitation and harassment, sexual violence prevention, and gender sensitivity prior to deployment, and there shall exist a clear and gender-responsive system at the demobilization site for handling any complaints by women against security guards, as well as policies that call for the immediate removal of any officer about whom security concerns are raised; \\n Provide for the specific nutritional needs of nursing and pregnant women; \\n Ensure that health care and counselling is available to meet women\u2019s specific needs, including those women who have suffered SGBV; and \\n Take protective measures to ensure women\u2019s safety during transportation to and from the demobilization sites.Where possible, female staff should receive and process women at demobilization sites. Gender balance should be a priority among the staff managing demobilization sites. If men do not see women in positions of authority, they are less likely to take efforts aimed at changing their attitudes towards traditional gender roles and women\u2019s empowerment seriously. Screening and profiling tools should be designed to be responsive to women\u2019s specific needs and experiences. Women should also have the same opportunities to access support as men, and the briefings and information provided should include specific information on the challenges that women may encounter upon reinsertion into their communities.As women formerly associated with armed forces and groups are often stigmatized upon return to their communities, briefings during the demobilization operation should include attention to safety and referrals to support services in civilian life. Irrespective of the type of transfer modality that has been selected for reinsertion support (see section 7), the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients, or encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":983, "Sentence":"If female security guards are not available, male security guards shall be trained on sexual exploitation and harassment, sexual violence prevention, and gender sensitivity prior to deployment, and there shall exist a clear and gender-responsive system at the demobilization site for handling any complaints by women against security guards, as well as policies that call for the immediate removal of any officer about whom security concerns are raised; \\n Provide for the specific nutritional needs of nursing and pregnant women; \\n Ensure that health care and counselling is available to meet women\u2019s specific needs, including those women who have suffered SGBV; and \\n Take protective measures to ensure women\u2019s safety during transportation to and from the demobilization sites.Where possible, female staff should receive and process women at demobilization sites.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization female security guard available male security guard shall trained sexual exploitation harassment sexual violence prevention gender sensitivity prior deployment shall exist clear genderresponsive system demobilization site handling complaint woman security guard well policy call immediate removal officer security concern raised n provide specific nutritional need nursing pregnant woman n ensure health care counselling available meet woman \u2019 specific need including woman suffered sgbv n take protective measure ensure woman \u2019 safety transportation demobilization sites.where possible female staff receive process woman demobilization site ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.5 Gender-sensitive demobilization operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Action should be taken to ensure that demobilization sites (whether temporary, semi-permanent or otherwise) respond to the different needs of men and women. Gender-sensitive demobilization sites should: \\n Include separate accommodation and sanitation facilities (with locks) for men and women. In some circumstances these separate facilities may be located within the same demobilization site, or separate demobilization sites for men and women may be set up; \\n Feature sanitary facilities designed to ensure women\u2019s privacy and support their hygiene needs (e.g., sanitary napkins), as well as take into consideration cultural norms; \\n Include provisions for childcare; \\n Be safe for women and recognize and deal with the threat of sexual violence within the demobilization site, including ensuring locks in facilities, good lighting, information provided on specific contact within the camp to address women\u2019s security incidents and issues, and, where possible, the presence of female security guards and police (for internal site security). If female security guards are not available, male security guards shall be trained on sexual exploitation and harassment, sexual violence prevention, and gender sensitivity prior to deployment, and there shall exist a clear and gender-responsive system at the demobilization site for handling any complaints by women against security guards, as well as policies that call for the immediate removal of any officer about whom security concerns are raised; \\n Provide for the specific nutritional needs of nursing and pregnant women; \\n Ensure that health care and counselling is available to meet women\u2019s specific needs, including those women who have suffered SGBV; and \\n Take protective measures to ensure women\u2019s safety during transportation to and from the demobilization sites.Where possible, female staff should receive and process women at demobilization sites. Gender balance should be a priority among the staff managing demobilization sites. If men do not see women in positions of authority, they are less likely to take efforts aimed at changing their attitudes towards traditional gender roles and women\u2019s empowerment seriously. Screening and profiling tools should be designed to be responsive to women\u2019s specific needs and experiences. Women should also have the same opportunities to access support as men, and the briefings and information provided should include specific information on the challenges that women may encounter upon reinsertion into their communities.As women formerly associated with armed forces and groups are often stigmatized upon return to their communities, briefings during the demobilization operation should include attention to safety and referrals to support services in civilian life. Irrespective of the type of transfer modality that has been selected for reinsertion support (see section 7), the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients, or encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":983, "Sentence":"Gender balance should be a priority among the staff managing demobilization sites.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization gender balance priority among staff managing demobilization site ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.5 Gender-sensitive demobilization operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Action should be taken to ensure that demobilization sites (whether temporary, semi-permanent or otherwise) respond to the different needs of men and women. Gender-sensitive demobilization sites should: \\n Include separate accommodation and sanitation facilities (with locks) for men and women. In some circumstances these separate facilities may be located within the same demobilization site, or separate demobilization sites for men and women may be set up; \\n Feature sanitary facilities designed to ensure women\u2019s privacy and support their hygiene needs (e.g., sanitary napkins), as well as take into consideration cultural norms; \\n Include provisions for childcare; \\n Be safe for women and recognize and deal with the threat of sexual violence within the demobilization site, including ensuring locks in facilities, good lighting, information provided on specific contact within the camp to address women\u2019s security incidents and issues, and, where possible, the presence of female security guards and police (for internal site security). If female security guards are not available, male security guards shall be trained on sexual exploitation and harassment, sexual violence prevention, and gender sensitivity prior to deployment, and there shall exist a clear and gender-responsive system at the demobilization site for handling any complaints by women against security guards, as well as policies that call for the immediate removal of any officer about whom security concerns are raised; \\n Provide for the specific nutritional needs of nursing and pregnant women; \\n Ensure that health care and counselling is available to meet women\u2019s specific needs, including those women who have suffered SGBV; and \\n Take protective measures to ensure women\u2019s safety during transportation to and from the demobilization sites.Where possible, female staff should receive and process women at demobilization sites. Gender balance should be a priority among the staff managing demobilization sites. If men do not see women in positions of authority, they are less likely to take efforts aimed at changing their attitudes towards traditional gender roles and women\u2019s empowerment seriously. Screening and profiling tools should be designed to be responsive to women\u2019s specific needs and experiences. Women should also have the same opportunities to access support as men, and the briefings and information provided should include specific information on the challenges that women may encounter upon reinsertion into their communities.As women formerly associated with armed forces and groups are often stigmatized upon return to their communities, briefings during the demobilization operation should include attention to safety and referrals to support services in civilian life. Irrespective of the type of transfer modality that has been selected for reinsertion support (see section 7), the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients, or encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":983, "Sentence":"If men do not see women in positions of authority, they are less likely to take efforts aimed at changing their attitudes towards traditional gender roles and women\u2019s empowerment seriously.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization men see woman position authority le likely take effort aimed changing attitude towards traditional gender role woman \u2019 empowerment seriously ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.5 Gender-sensitive demobilization operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Action should be taken to ensure that demobilization sites (whether temporary, semi-permanent or otherwise) respond to the different needs of men and women. Gender-sensitive demobilization sites should: \\n Include separate accommodation and sanitation facilities (with locks) for men and women. In some circumstances these separate facilities may be located within the same demobilization site, or separate demobilization sites for men and women may be set up; \\n Feature sanitary facilities designed to ensure women\u2019s privacy and support their hygiene needs (e.g., sanitary napkins), as well as take into consideration cultural norms; \\n Include provisions for childcare; \\n Be safe for women and recognize and deal with the threat of sexual violence within the demobilization site, including ensuring locks in facilities, good lighting, information provided on specific contact within the camp to address women\u2019s security incidents and issues, and, where possible, the presence of female security guards and police (for internal site security). If female security guards are not available, male security guards shall be trained on sexual exploitation and harassment, sexual violence prevention, and gender sensitivity prior to deployment, and there shall exist a clear and gender-responsive system at the demobilization site for handling any complaints by women against security guards, as well as policies that call for the immediate removal of any officer about whom security concerns are raised; \\n Provide for the specific nutritional needs of nursing and pregnant women; \\n Ensure that health care and counselling is available to meet women\u2019s specific needs, including those women who have suffered SGBV; and \\n Take protective measures to ensure women\u2019s safety during transportation to and from the demobilization sites.Where possible, female staff should receive and process women at demobilization sites. Gender balance should be a priority among the staff managing demobilization sites. If men do not see women in positions of authority, they are less likely to take efforts aimed at changing their attitudes towards traditional gender roles and women\u2019s empowerment seriously. Screening and profiling tools should be designed to be responsive to women\u2019s specific needs and experiences. Women should also have the same opportunities to access support as men, and the briefings and information provided should include specific information on the challenges that women may encounter upon reinsertion into their communities.As women formerly associated with armed forces and groups are often stigmatized upon return to their communities, briefings during the demobilization operation should include attention to safety and referrals to support services in civilian life. Irrespective of the type of transfer modality that has been selected for reinsertion support (see section 7), the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients, or encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":983, "Sentence":"Screening and profiling tools should be designed to be responsive to women\u2019s specific needs and experiences.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization screening profiling tool designed responsive woman \u2019 specific need experience ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.5 Gender-sensitive demobilization operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Action should be taken to ensure that demobilization sites (whether temporary, semi-permanent or otherwise) respond to the different needs of men and women. Gender-sensitive demobilization sites should: \\n Include separate accommodation and sanitation facilities (with locks) for men and women. In some circumstances these separate facilities may be located within the same demobilization site, or separate demobilization sites for men and women may be set up; \\n Feature sanitary facilities designed to ensure women\u2019s privacy and support their hygiene needs (e.g., sanitary napkins), as well as take into consideration cultural norms; \\n Include provisions for childcare; \\n Be safe for women and recognize and deal with the threat of sexual violence within the demobilization site, including ensuring locks in facilities, good lighting, information provided on specific contact within the camp to address women\u2019s security incidents and issues, and, where possible, the presence of female security guards and police (for internal site security). If female security guards are not available, male security guards shall be trained on sexual exploitation and harassment, sexual violence prevention, and gender sensitivity prior to deployment, and there shall exist a clear and gender-responsive system at the demobilization site for handling any complaints by women against security guards, as well as policies that call for the immediate removal of any officer about whom security concerns are raised; \\n Provide for the specific nutritional needs of nursing and pregnant women; \\n Ensure that health care and counselling is available to meet women\u2019s specific needs, including those women who have suffered SGBV; and \\n Take protective measures to ensure women\u2019s safety during transportation to and from the demobilization sites.Where possible, female staff should receive and process women at demobilization sites. Gender balance should be a priority among the staff managing demobilization sites. If men do not see women in positions of authority, they are less likely to take efforts aimed at changing their attitudes towards traditional gender roles and women\u2019s empowerment seriously. Screening and profiling tools should be designed to be responsive to women\u2019s specific needs and experiences. Women should also have the same opportunities to access support as men, and the briefings and information provided should include specific information on the challenges that women may encounter upon reinsertion into their communities.As women formerly associated with armed forces and groups are often stigmatized upon return to their communities, briefings during the demobilization operation should include attention to safety and referrals to support services in civilian life. Irrespective of the type of transfer modality that has been selected for reinsertion support (see section 7), the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients, or encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":983, "Sentence":"Women should also have the same opportunities to access support as men, and the briefings and information provided should include specific information on the challenges that women may encounter upon reinsertion into their communities.As women formerly associated with armed forces and groups are often stigmatized upon return to their communities, briefings during the demobilization operation should include attention to safety and referrals to support services in civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization woman also opportunity access support men briefing information provided include specific information challenge woman may encounter upon reinsertion communities.as woman formerly associated armed force group often stigmatized upon return community briefing demobilization operation include attention safety referral support service civilian life ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.5 Gender-sensitive demobilization operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Action should be taken to ensure that demobilization sites (whether temporary, semi-permanent or otherwise) respond to the different needs of men and women. Gender-sensitive demobilization sites should: \\n Include separate accommodation and sanitation facilities (with locks) for men and women. In some circumstances these separate facilities may be located within the same demobilization site, or separate demobilization sites for men and women may be set up; \\n Feature sanitary facilities designed to ensure women\u2019s privacy and support their hygiene needs (e.g., sanitary napkins), as well as take into consideration cultural norms; \\n Include provisions for childcare; \\n Be safe for women and recognize and deal with the threat of sexual violence within the demobilization site, including ensuring locks in facilities, good lighting, information provided on specific contact within the camp to address women\u2019s security incidents and issues, and, where possible, the presence of female security guards and police (for internal site security). If female security guards are not available, male security guards shall be trained on sexual exploitation and harassment, sexual violence prevention, and gender sensitivity prior to deployment, and there shall exist a clear and gender-responsive system at the demobilization site for handling any complaints by women against security guards, as well as policies that call for the immediate removal of any officer about whom security concerns are raised; \\n Provide for the specific nutritional needs of nursing and pregnant women; \\n Ensure that health care and counselling is available to meet women\u2019s specific needs, including those women who have suffered SGBV; and \\n Take protective measures to ensure women\u2019s safety during transportation to and from the demobilization sites.Where possible, female staff should receive and process women at demobilization sites. Gender balance should be a priority among the staff managing demobilization sites. If men do not see women in positions of authority, they are less likely to take efforts aimed at changing their attitudes towards traditional gender roles and women\u2019s empowerment seriously. Screening and profiling tools should be designed to be responsive to women\u2019s specific needs and experiences. Women should also have the same opportunities to access support as men, and the briefings and information provided should include specific information on the challenges that women may encounter upon reinsertion into their communities.As women formerly associated with armed forces and groups are often stigmatized upon return to their communities, briefings during the demobilization operation should include attention to safety and referrals to support services in civilian life. Irrespective of the type of transfer modality that has been selected for reinsertion support (see section 7), the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients, or encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":983, "Sentence":"Irrespective of the type of transfer modality that has been selected for reinsertion support (see section 7), the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization irrespective type transfer modality selected reinsertion support see section 7 delivery mechanism cash voucher mobile money transfer take account potential protection issue genderspecific barrier ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.5 Gender-sensitive demobilization operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Action should be taken to ensure that demobilization sites (whether temporary, semi-permanent or otherwise) respond to the different needs of men and women. Gender-sensitive demobilization sites should: \\n Include separate accommodation and sanitation facilities (with locks) for men and women. In some circumstances these separate facilities may be located within the same demobilization site, or separate demobilization sites for men and women may be set up; \\n Feature sanitary facilities designed to ensure women\u2019s privacy and support their hygiene needs (e.g., sanitary napkins), as well as take into consideration cultural norms; \\n Include provisions for childcare; \\n Be safe for women and recognize and deal with the threat of sexual violence within the demobilization site, including ensuring locks in facilities, good lighting, information provided on specific contact within the camp to address women\u2019s security incidents and issues, and, where possible, the presence of female security guards and police (for internal site security). If female security guards are not available, male security guards shall be trained on sexual exploitation and harassment, sexual violence prevention, and gender sensitivity prior to deployment, and there shall exist a clear and gender-responsive system at the demobilization site for handling any complaints by women against security guards, as well as policies that call for the immediate removal of any officer about whom security concerns are raised; \\n Provide for the specific nutritional needs of nursing and pregnant women; \\n Ensure that health care and counselling is available to meet women\u2019s specific needs, including those women who have suffered SGBV; and \\n Take protective measures to ensure women\u2019s safety during transportation to and from the demobilization sites.Where possible, female staff should receive and process women at demobilization sites. Gender balance should be a priority among the staff managing demobilization sites. If men do not see women in positions of authority, they are less likely to take efforts aimed at changing their attitudes towards traditional gender roles and women\u2019s empowerment seriously. Screening and profiling tools should be designed to be responsive to women\u2019s specific needs and experiences. Women should also have the same opportunities to access support as men, and the briefings and information provided should include specific information on the challenges that women may encounter upon reinsertion into their communities.As women formerly associated with armed forces and groups are often stigmatized upon return to their communities, briefings during the demobilization operation should include attention to safety and referrals to support services in civilian life. Irrespective of the type of transfer modality that has been selected for reinsertion support (see section 7), the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients, or encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":983, "Sentence":"It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients, or encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization important delivery mechanism chosen permit woman access entitlement safely confidently without exposed risk private service provider abusing power recipient encountering difficulty redemption entitlement numerical financial illiteracy ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.5 Gender-sensitive demobilization operations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Action should be taken to ensure that demobilization sites (whether temporary, semi-permanent or otherwise) respond to the different needs of men and women. Gender-sensitive demobilization sites should: \\n Include separate accommodation and sanitation facilities (with locks) for men and women. In some circumstances these separate facilities may be located within the same demobilization site, or separate demobilization sites for men and women may be set up; \\n Feature sanitary facilities designed to ensure women\u2019s privacy and support their hygiene needs (e.g., sanitary napkins), as well as take into consideration cultural norms; \\n Include provisions for childcare; \\n Be safe for women and recognize and deal with the threat of sexual violence within the demobilization site, including ensuring locks in facilities, good lighting, information provided on specific contact within the camp to address women\u2019s security incidents and issues, and, where possible, the presence of female security guards and police (for internal site security). If female security guards are not available, male security guards shall be trained on sexual exploitation and harassment, sexual violence prevention, and gender sensitivity prior to deployment, and there shall exist a clear and gender-responsive system at the demobilization site for handling any complaints by women against security guards, as well as policies that call for the immediate removal of any officer about whom security concerns are raised; \\n Provide for the specific nutritional needs of nursing and pregnant women; \\n Ensure that health care and counselling is available to meet women\u2019s specific needs, including those women who have suffered SGBV; and \\n Take protective measures to ensure women\u2019s safety during transportation to and from the demobilization sites.Where possible, female staff should receive and process women at demobilization sites. Gender balance should be a priority among the staff managing demobilization sites. If men do not see women in positions of authority, they are less likely to take efforts aimed at changing their attitudes towards traditional gender roles and women\u2019s empowerment seriously. Screening and profiling tools should be designed to be responsive to women\u2019s specific needs and experiences. Women should also have the same opportunities to access support as men, and the briefings and information provided should include specific information on the challenges that women may encounter upon reinsertion into their communities.As women formerly associated with armed forces and groups are often stigmatized upon return to their communities, briefings during the demobilization operation should include attention to safety and referrals to support services in civilian life. Irrespective of the type of transfer modality that has been selected for reinsertion support (see section 7), the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients, or encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":983, "Sentence":"A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization help desk complaint mechanism also set include specific referral pathway woman ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners through particular activities. The development of SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations. In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in demobilization. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the mission DDR component and signed off on by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as other relevant stakeholders shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for demobilization. All those engaged in supporting demobilization shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs, which shall also be kept up to date.A single demobilization SOP or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to demobilization activities (see section 6) should be informed by integrated assessments (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments) and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards as well as national laws and the international obligations of the country where DDR is being implemented. At a minimum, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Security of demobilization sites; \\n Reception of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants; \\n Transportation to and from demobilization sites (i.e., from reception or pick-up points); \\n Transportation from demobilization sites either to communities or to take up positions in the reformed security sector; \\n Orientation at the demobilization site (this may include the rules and regulations at the site); \\n Registration\/identification; \\n Screening for eligibility; \\n Demobilization and integration into the security sector (if applicable); \\n Health screenings, including psychosocial assessments, HIV\/AIDS, STIs, reproductive health services, sexual violence recovery services (e.g., rape kits), etc.; \\n Gender-aware services and procedures; \\n Reinsertion (e.g., procedures for cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities); \\n Handling of foreign combatants, associated persons and dependants (if applicable); and \\n Interaction with national authorities and\/or other mission components.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":984, "Sentence":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners through particular activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization standard operating procedure sop mandatory stepbystep instruction designed guide practitioner particular activity ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners through particular activities. The development of SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations. In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in demobilization. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the mission DDR component and signed off on by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as other relevant stakeholders shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for demobilization. All those engaged in supporting demobilization shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs, which shall also be kept up to date.A single demobilization SOP or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to demobilization activities (see section 6) should be informed by integrated assessments (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments) and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards as well as national laws and the international obligations of the country where DDR is being implemented. At a minimum, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Security of demobilization sites; \\n Reception of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants; \\n Transportation to and from demobilization sites (i.e., from reception or pick-up points); \\n Transportation from demobilization sites either to communities or to take up positions in the reformed security sector; \\n Orientation at the demobilization site (this may include the rules and regulations at the site); \\n Registration\/identification; \\n Screening for eligibility; \\n Demobilization and integration into the security sector (if applicable); \\n Health screenings, including psychosocial assessments, HIV\/AIDS, STIs, reproductive health services, sexual violence recovery services (e.g., rape kits), etc.; \\n Gender-aware services and procedures; \\n Reinsertion (e.g., procedures for cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities); \\n Handling of foreign combatants, associated persons and dependants (if applicable); and \\n Interaction with national authorities and\/or other mission components.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":984, "Sentence":"The development of SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization development sop become common practice across ddr programme allows coherence delivery activity ensuring greater safety security adherence standardized regulation ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners through particular activities. The development of SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations. In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in demobilization. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the mission DDR component and signed off on by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as other relevant stakeholders shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for demobilization. All those engaged in supporting demobilization shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs, which shall also be kept up to date.A single demobilization SOP or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to demobilization activities (see section 6) should be informed by integrated assessments (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments) and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards as well as national laws and the international obligations of the country where DDR is being implemented. At a minimum, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Security of demobilization sites; \\n Reception of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants; \\n Transportation to and from demobilization sites (i.e., from reception or pick-up points); \\n Transportation from demobilization sites either to communities or to take up positions in the reformed security sector; \\n Orientation at the demobilization site (this may include the rules and regulations at the site); \\n Registration\/identification; \\n Screening for eligibility; \\n Demobilization and integration into the security sector (if applicable); \\n Health screenings, including psychosocial assessments, HIV\/AIDS, STIs, reproductive health services, sexual violence recovery services (e.g., rape kits), etc.; \\n Gender-aware services and procedures; \\n Reinsertion (e.g., procedures for cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities); \\n Handling of foreign combatants, associated persons and dependants (if applicable); and \\n Interaction with national authorities and\/or other mission components.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":984, "Sentence":"In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization mission context sop identify precise responsibility various un component involved demobilization ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners through particular activities. The development of SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations. In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in demobilization. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the mission DDR component and signed off on by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as other relevant stakeholders shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for demobilization. All those engaged in supporting demobilization shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs, which shall also be kept up to date.A single demobilization SOP or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to demobilization activities (see section 6) should be informed by integrated assessments (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments) and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards as well as national laws and the international obligations of the country where DDR is being implemented. At a minimum, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Security of demobilization sites; \\n Reception of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants; \\n Transportation to and from demobilization sites (i.e., from reception or pick-up points); \\n Transportation from demobilization sites either to communities or to take up positions in the reformed security sector; \\n Orientation at the demobilization site (this may include the rules and regulations at the site); \\n Registration\/identification; \\n Screening for eligibility; \\n Demobilization and integration into the security sector (if applicable); \\n Health screenings, including psychosocial assessments, HIV\/AIDS, STIs, reproductive health services, sexual violence recovery services (e.g., rape kits), etc.; \\n Gender-aware services and procedures; \\n Reinsertion (e.g., procedures for cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities); \\n Handling of foreign combatants, associated persons and dependants (if applicable); and \\n Interaction with national authorities and\/or other mission components.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":984, "Sentence":"All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization stakeholder agree content sop document reviewed un \u2019 legal office headquarters ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners through particular activities. The development of SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations. In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in demobilization. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the mission DDR component and signed off on by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as other relevant stakeholders shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for demobilization. All those engaged in supporting demobilization shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs, which shall also be kept up to date.A single demobilization SOP or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to demobilization activities (see section 6) should be informed by integrated assessments (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments) and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards as well as national laws and the international obligations of the country where DDR is being implemented. At a minimum, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Security of demobilization sites; \\n Reception of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants; \\n Transportation to and from demobilization sites (i.e., from reception or pick-up points); \\n Transportation from demobilization sites either to communities or to take up positions in the reformed security sector; \\n Orientation at the demobilization site (this may include the rules and regulations at the site); \\n Registration\/identification; \\n Screening for eligibility; \\n Demobilization and integration into the security sector (if applicable); \\n Health screenings, including psychosocial assessments, HIV\/AIDS, STIs, reproductive health services, sexual violence recovery services (e.g., rape kits), etc.; \\n Gender-aware services and procedures; \\n Reinsertion (e.g., procedures for cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities); \\n Handling of foreign combatants, associated persons and dependants (if applicable); and \\n Interaction with national authorities and\/or other mission components.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":984, "Sentence":"The development of SOPs is led by the mission DDR component and signed off on by the head of the UN mission.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization development sop led mission ddr component signed head un mission ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners through particular activities. The development of SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations. In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in demobilization. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the mission DDR component and signed off on by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as other relevant stakeholders shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for demobilization. All those engaged in supporting demobilization shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs, which shall also be kept up to date.A single demobilization SOP or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to demobilization activities (see section 6) should be informed by integrated assessments (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments) and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards as well as national laws and the international obligations of the country where DDR is being implemented. At a minimum, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Security of demobilization sites; \\n Reception of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants; \\n Transportation to and from demobilization sites (i.e., from reception or pick-up points); \\n Transportation from demobilization sites either to communities or to take up positions in the reformed security sector; \\n Orientation at the demobilization site (this may include the rules and regulations at the site); \\n Registration\/identification; \\n Screening for eligibility; \\n Demobilization and integration into the security sector (if applicable); \\n Health screenings, including psychosocial assessments, HIV\/AIDS, STIs, reproductive health services, sexual violence recovery services (e.g., rape kits), etc.; \\n Gender-aware services and procedures; \\n Reinsertion (e.g., procedures for cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities); \\n Handling of foreign combatants, associated persons and dependants (if applicable); and \\n Interaction with national authorities and\/or other mission components.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":984, "Sentence":"All staff from the DDR component as well as other relevant stakeholders shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization staff ddr component well relevant stakeholder shall familiar relevant sop ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners through particular activities. The development of SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations. In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in demobilization. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the mission DDR component and signed off on by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as other relevant stakeholders shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for demobilization. All those engaged in supporting demobilization shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs, which shall also be kept up to date.A single demobilization SOP or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to demobilization activities (see section 6) should be informed by integrated assessments (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments) and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards as well as national laws and the international obligations of the country where DDR is being implemented. At a minimum, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Security of demobilization sites; \\n Reception of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants; \\n Transportation to and from demobilization sites (i.e., from reception or pick-up points); \\n Transportation from demobilization sites either to communities or to take up positions in the reformed security sector; \\n Orientation at the demobilization site (this may include the rules and regulations at the site); \\n Registration\/identification; \\n Screening for eligibility; \\n Demobilization and integration into the security sector (if applicable); \\n Health screenings, including psychosocial assessments, HIV\/AIDS, STIs, reproductive health services, sexual violence recovery services (e.g., rape kits), etc.; \\n Gender-aware services and procedures; \\n Reinsertion (e.g., procedures for cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities); \\n Handling of foreign combatants, associated persons and dependants (if applicable); and \\n Interaction with national authorities and\/or other mission components.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":984, "Sentence":"The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization content sop shall kept date.in nonmission context national authority also advised lead un agencyies development national sop demobilization ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners through particular activities. The development of SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations. In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in demobilization. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the mission DDR component and signed off on by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as other relevant stakeholders shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for demobilization. All those engaged in supporting demobilization shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs, which shall also be kept up to date.A single demobilization SOP or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to demobilization activities (see section 6) should be informed by integrated assessments (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments) and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards as well as national laws and the international obligations of the country where DDR is being implemented. At a minimum, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Security of demobilization sites; \\n Reception of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants; \\n Transportation to and from demobilization sites (i.e., from reception or pick-up points); \\n Transportation from demobilization sites either to communities or to take up positions in the reformed security sector; \\n Orientation at the demobilization site (this may include the rules and regulations at the site); \\n Registration\/identification; \\n Screening for eligibility; \\n Demobilization and integration into the security sector (if applicable); \\n Health screenings, including psychosocial assessments, HIV\/AIDS, STIs, reproductive health services, sexual violence recovery services (e.g., rape kits), etc.; \\n Gender-aware services and procedures; \\n Reinsertion (e.g., procedures for cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities); \\n Handling of foreign combatants, associated persons and dependants (if applicable); and \\n Interaction with national authorities and\/or other mission components.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":984, "Sentence":"All those engaged in supporting demobilization shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs, which shall also be kept up to date.A single demobilization SOP or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to demobilization activities (see section 6) should be informed by integrated assessments (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments) and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards as well as national laws and the international obligations of the country where DDR is being implemented.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization engaged supporting demobilization shall familiar relevant sop shall also kept date.a single demobilization sop set sop covering specific procedure related demobilization activity see section 6 informed integrated assessment see iddrs 3.11 integrated assessment national ddr policy document comply international guideline standard well national law international obligation country ddr implemented ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners through particular activities. The development of SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations. In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in demobilization. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the mission DDR component and signed off on by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as other relevant stakeholders shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for demobilization. All those engaged in supporting demobilization shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs, which shall also be kept up to date.A single demobilization SOP or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to demobilization activities (see section 6) should be informed by integrated assessments (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments) and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards as well as national laws and the international obligations of the country where DDR is being implemented. At a minimum, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Security of demobilization sites; \\n Reception of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants; \\n Transportation to and from demobilization sites (i.e., from reception or pick-up points); \\n Transportation from demobilization sites either to communities or to take up positions in the reformed security sector; \\n Orientation at the demobilization site (this may include the rules and regulations at the site); \\n Registration\/identification; \\n Screening for eligibility; \\n Demobilization and integration into the security sector (if applicable); \\n Health screenings, including psychosocial assessments, HIV\/AIDS, STIs, reproductive health services, sexual violence recovery services (e.g., rape kits), etc.; \\n Gender-aware services and procedures; \\n Reinsertion (e.g., procedures for cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities); \\n Handling of foreign combatants, associated persons and dependants (if applicable); and \\n Interaction with national authorities and\/or other mission components.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":984, "Sentence":"At a minimum, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Security of demobilization sites; \\n Reception of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants; \\n Transportation to and from demobilization sites (i.e., from reception or pick-up points); \\n Transportation from demobilization sites either to communities or to take up positions in the reformed security sector; \\n Orientation at the demobilization site (this may include the rules and regulations at the site); \\n Registration\/identification; \\n Screening for eligibility; \\n Demobilization and integration into the security sector (if applicable); \\n Health screenings, including psychosocial assessments, HIV\/AIDS, STIs, reproductive health services, sexual violence recovery services (e.g., rape kits), etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization minimum sop cover following procedure n security demobilization site n reception combatant person associated armed force group dependant n transportation demobilization site i.e . reception pickup point n transportation demobilization site either community take position reformed security sector n orientation demobilization site may include rule regulation site n registration\/identification n screening eligibility n demobilization integration security sector applicable n health screening including psychosocial assessment hiv\/aids stis reproductive health service sexual violence recovery service e.g . rape kit etc ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.6 Standard operating procedures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are mandatory step-by-step instructions designed to guide practitioners through particular activities. The development of SOPs has become common practice across DDR programmes, as it allows for coherence in the delivery of activities, ensuring greater safety and security through adherence to standardized regulations. In mission contexts, SOPs should identify the precise responsibilities of the various UN components involved in demobilization. All stakeholders should agree on the content of the SOP(s), and the document(s) should be reviewed by the UN\u2019s legal office at Headquarters. The development of SOPs is led by the mission DDR component and signed off on by the head of the UN mission. All staff from the DDR component as well as other relevant stakeholders shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs. The content of SOPs shall be kept up to date.In non-mission contexts, the national authority should also be advised by the lead UN agency(ies) on the development of national SOPs for demobilization. All those engaged in supporting demobilization shall be familiar with the relevant SOPs, which shall also be kept up to date.A single demobilization SOP or a set of SOPs each covering specific procedures related to demobilization activities (see section 6) should be informed by integrated assessments (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments) and the national DDR policy document, and comply with international guidelines and standards as well as national laws and the international obligations of the country where DDR is being implemented. At a minimum, SOPs should cover the following procedures: \\n Security of demobilization sites; \\n Reception of combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants; \\n Transportation to and from demobilization sites (i.e., from reception or pick-up points); \\n Transportation from demobilization sites either to communities or to take up positions in the reformed security sector; \\n Orientation at the demobilization site (this may include the rules and regulations at the site); \\n Registration\/identification; \\n Screening for eligibility; \\n Demobilization and integration into the security sector (if applicable); \\n Health screenings, including psychosocial assessments, HIV\/AIDS, STIs, reproductive health services, sexual violence recovery services (e.g., rape kits), etc.; \\n Gender-aware services and procedures; \\n Reinsertion (e.g., procedures for cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities); \\n Handling of foreign combatants, associated persons and dependants (if applicable); and \\n Interaction with national authorities and\/or other mission components.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":984, "Sentence":"; \\n Gender-aware services and procedures; \\n Reinsertion (e.g., procedures for cash-based transfers, commodity vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities); \\n Handling of foreign combatants, associated persons and dependants (if applicable); and \\n Interaction with national authorities and\/or other mission components.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n genderaware service procedure n reinsertion e.g . procedure cashbased transfer commodity voucher inkind support public work programme vocational training and\/or incomegenerating opportunity n handling foreign combatant associated person dependant applicable n interaction national authority and\/or mission component ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.7 Demobilization team structure", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"The demobilization team is responsible for implementing all operational procedures for demobilization and should be trained in the use of the abovementioned SOPs. The demobilization team should include a gender-balanced composition of: \\n DDR practitioners; \\n Representatives from the national DDR commission (and potentially other national institutions); \\n Child protection officers; \\n Gender specialists; and \\n Youth specialists.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":985, "Sentence":"The demobilization team is responsible for implementing all operational procedures for demobilization and should be trained in the use of the abovementioned SOPs.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilization team responsible implementing operational procedure demobilization trained use abovementioned sop ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"5. Planning and designing transitional WAM", "Heading2":"5.7 Demobilization team structure", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"The demobilization team is responsible for implementing all operational procedures for demobilization and should be trained in the use of the abovementioned SOPs. The demobilization team should include a gender-balanced composition of: \\n DDR practitioners; \\n Representatives from the national DDR commission (and potentially other national institutions); \\n Child protection officers; \\n Gender specialists; and \\n Youth specialists.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":985, "Sentence":"The demobilization team should include a gender-balanced composition of: \\n DDR practitioners; \\n Representatives from the national DDR commission (and potentially other national institutions); \\n Child protection officers; \\n Gender specialists; and \\n Youth specialists.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilization team include genderbalanced composition n ddr practitioner n representative national ddr commission potentially national institution n child protection officer n gender specialist n youth specialist ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The activities outlined below should be carried out during the demobilization component of a DDR programme. These activities can be conducted at either semi-permanent or temporary demobilization sites.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":986, "Sentence":"The activities outlined below should be carried out during the demobilization component of a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization activity outlined carried demobilization component ddr programme ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The activities outlined below should be carried out during the demobilization component of a DDR programme. These activities can be conducted at either semi-permanent or temporary demobilization sites.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":986, "Sentence":"These activities can be conducted at either semi-permanent or temporary demobilization sites.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization activity conducted either semipermanent temporary demobilization site ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization potential ddr participant shall screened ascertain eligible participate ddr programme ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization objective screening n establish eligibility potential ddr participant register meet criterion n weed individual trying cheat system example attempting demobilize hope receiving additional benefit civilian trying access demobilization benefit n identify ddr participant specific requirement child youth child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized woman person disability person chronic illness n depending context identify foreign combatant need repatriated home country see iddrs 5.40 crossborder population movements.when combatant person associated armed force group report ddr programme eligibility determined specific set eligibility criterion developed national authority membership specific armed force group possession weapon and\/or ammunition and\/or proven ability use weapon see iddrs 4.10 disarmament ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization whether individual meet eligibility criterion verified ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization verification conducted representative armed force group undergoing demobilization un national authority national ddr commission joint team ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization question touching upon location specific battle military base name senior group member asked ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization without verification military commander may attempt bring civilian ddr programme ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization may also attempt engage recruitment prior onset ddr order provide benefit follower group take cut benefit offered newly recruited individual ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization explicitly stating maximum number individual may participate peace agreement ddr policy document limit incentive commander engage recruitment ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"So too can a cut-off date for eligibility.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization cutoff date eligibility ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization armed force group often prepare list member prior onset ddr programme ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization whenever list prepared ddr practitioner shall ensure verification mechanism place ensure listed meet required eligibility criterion ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization mechanism also place resolve disputed case deal excluded ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization clear messaging shall employed ensure armed force group aware named list automatically confer ddr eligibility.once eligibility particular individual established his\/her basic registration data name age contact information sex etc ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"should be entered into a case management system.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization entered case management system ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization system used track ddr benefit disbursed see section 6.8 ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization data recorded case management system include biometric component possible ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization biometric system store unique physical feature \u2013 iris face fingerprint data \u2013 individual future reference ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization biometric registration serf mainly ensure ddr participant try \u2018 game system \u2019 going ddr programme receive multiple benefit ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization advantage biometric system properly implemented completely confidential ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization unique string letter number assigned photograph fingerprint original photo print discarded ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization different biometric system different level cost user friendliness ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization facial recognition system sophisticated also expensive ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization ddr practitioner using technology require appropriate training ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization alternatively fingerprinting easy cheap way obtain biometric data ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization fingerprint taken smart phone mobile fingerprint scanner training requirement minimal ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization context registration take place taken account considering biometric registration ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization example armed conflict tied civic national honour peer control mechanism may sufficient ensure individual try \u2018 double dip \u2019 ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization however context marked distrust warring party combatant move one group conflict another careful biometric monitoring may required ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization biometric registration system established demobilization process also linked process security sector integration reform see iddrs 6.10 ddr security sector reform.immediately eligible individual registered informed right obligation ddr programme term condition participation ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization agree term condition ddr participant asked sign term condition form provided copy form chosen language see annex c sample term condition form.individuals shall ineligible ddr programme committed clear reasonable indication knowingly committed war crime terrorist act offence crime humanity and\/or genocide see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization may always possible check criminal background ddr participant prior onset ddr process due scarcity information large caseload demobilizing individual background check begin prior ddr continue necessary throughout ddr programme ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization evidence found suggest particular participant ddr programme committed crime individual \u2019 eligibility participate ddr shall revoked ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization type background check typically conducted ddr practitioner ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization instead national criminal justice authority would need involved ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization ddr practitioner seek support human right expert undertake proactive process collecting background information variety source ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.1 Screening, verification and registration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Potential DDR participants shall be screened to ascertain if they are eligible to participate in a DDR programme. The objectives of screening are to: \\n Establish the eligibility of the potential DDR participant and register those who meet the criteria; \\n Weed out individuals trying to cheat the system, for example, those attempting to demobilize more than once in the hope of receiving additional benefits, or civilians trying to access demobilization benefits; \\n Identify DDR participants with specific requirements (children, youth, child mobilized\u2013adult demobilized, women, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses); and \\n Depending on the context, identify foreign combatants that need to be repatriated to their home countries (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).When combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups report for a DDR programme, their eligibility should be determined by a specific set of eligibility criteria developed by national authorities, such as membership in a specific armed force or group, possession of a weapon and\/or ammunition, and\/or proven ability to use a weapon (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Whether or not an individual meets these eligibility criteria should be verified. Verification can be conducted by representatives from the armed forces and groups undergoing demobilization; the UN and national authorities, such as the national DDR commission; or joint teams. Questions touching upon the location of specific battles and military bases and the names of senior group members should be asked. Without verification, military commanders may attempt to bring civilians into the DDR programme. They may also attempt to engage in recruitment just prior to the onset of DDR in order to provide benefits to followers of the group or to take a cut of the benefits being offered to these newly recruited individuals. Explicitly stating the maximum number of individuals who may participate in a peace agreement or DDR policy document can limit incentives for commanders to engage in recruitment. So too can a cut-off date for eligibility. Armed forces and groups often prepare lists of their members prior to the onset of a DDR programme. Whenever lists are prepared, DDR practitioners shall ensure that a verification mechanism is in place to ensure that those listed meet the required eligibility criteria. A mechanism should also be in place to resolve disputed cases and to deal with those who are excluded. Clear messaging shall be employed to ensure that armed forces and groups are aware that being named on a list does not automatically confer DDR eligibility.Once the eligibility of a particular individual has been established, his\/her basic registration data (name, age, contact information, sex, etc.) should be entered into a case management system. This system can be used to track when and where DDR benefits are disbursed and to whom (see section 6.8). The data recorded in the case management system should include a biometric component where possible. Biometric systems store the unique physical features \u2013 iris, face or fingerprint data \u2013 of individuals for future reference. Biometric registration serves mainly to ensure that DDR participants do not try to \u2018game the system\u2019 by going through the DDR programme more than once to receive multiple benefits. An advantage of all biometric systems is that, if properly implemented, they are completely confidential. A unique string of letters or numbers is assigned to a photograph or fingerprint, and the original photos or prints are then discarded. Different biometric systems have different levels of cost and user friendliness. Facial recognition systems are the most sophisticated but also the most expensive. DDR practitioners using this technology will require appropriate training. Alternatively, fingerprinting is an easy and cheap way to obtain biometric data. Fingerprints can be taken on smart phones or mobile fingerprint scanners, and training requirements are minimal. The context in which registration takes place should be taken into account when considering biometric registration. For example, if the armed conflict was tied to civic and national honour, peer control mechanisms may be sufficient to ensure that individuals do not try to \u2018double dip\u2019. However, in contexts marked by distrust between the warring parties, and combatants who move from one group or conflict to another, more careful biometric monitoring may be required. The biometric registration systems established for demobilization processes can also be linked to processes of security sector integration and reform (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).Immediately after eligible individuals have been registered, they should be informed of their rights and obligations during the DDR programme and the terms and conditions of their participation. If they agree to these terms and conditions, DDR participants should be asked to sign a terms and conditions form and be provided with a copy of this form in their chosen language (see Annex C for a sample terms and conditions form).Individuals shall be ineligible for DDR programmes if they have committed, or if there is a clear and reasonable indication that they knowingly committed war crimes, terrorist acts or offences, crimes against humanity and\/or genocide (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). As it may not always be possible to check the criminal background of all DDR participants prior to the onset of a DDR process, due to scarcity of information or a large caseload of demobilizing individuals, background checks should begin prior to DDR and continue, where necessary, throughout the DDR programme. If evidence is found to suggest that a particular participant in the DDR programme has committed crimes, the individuals\u2019 eligibility to participate in DDR shall be revoked. These types of background checks will typically not be conducted by DDR practitioners. Instead, national criminal justice authorities would need to be involved. DDR practitioners should seek support from human rights experts who can undertake a proactive process of collecting background information from a variety of sources. For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":987, "Sentence":"For a more detailed description of this process, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization detailed description process see iddrs 6.20 ddr transitional justice ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.2 Reception", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups should be provided with clear and simple guidance when they arrive at demobilization sites, taking into consideration their level of literacy. This is to ensure that they are informed about the demobilization process, their rights during the process, and the rules and regulations they are expected to observe. If a large number of participants are being addressed, it is key to stick to simple concepts, mainly who, what and where. More complex explanations can be provided to smaller groups organized in follow-up to the initial briefing. This can help to prevent unrest and stress within the group. Contingent on the type of demobilization site, introductory briefings should cover, among other things, the following: \\n Site orientation; \\n Outline of activities and processes; \\n Routines and time schedules; \\n The rights and obligations of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups throughout the demobilization process; \\n Rules and discipline, including areas that are off limits; \\n Policies concerning freedom of movement in and out of the demobilization site; \\n Policies on SGBV and the consequences of infringement of these policies; \\n Security at the demobilization site; \\n How to report misbehaviour, including specific mechanisms for women; \\n Mechanisms to raise complaints about conditions and treatment at the demobilization site; \\n Procedures for dependants; and \\n Fire precautions and physical safety.Where possible, oral briefings should be supported by written material produced in the local language(s). Experience has shown that drawings and cartoons displayed at key locations within demobilization sites can also be helpful in transmitting information about the different steps of the demobilization operation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":988, "Sentence":"Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups should be provided with clear and simple guidance when they arrive at demobilization sites, taking into consideration their level of literacy.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization combatant person associated armed force group provided clear simple guidance arrive demobilization site taking consideration level literacy ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.2 Reception", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups should be provided with clear and simple guidance when they arrive at demobilization sites, taking into consideration their level of literacy. This is to ensure that they are informed about the demobilization process, their rights during the process, and the rules and regulations they are expected to observe. If a large number of participants are being addressed, it is key to stick to simple concepts, mainly who, what and where. More complex explanations can be provided to smaller groups organized in follow-up to the initial briefing. This can help to prevent unrest and stress within the group. Contingent on the type of demobilization site, introductory briefings should cover, among other things, the following: \\n Site orientation; \\n Outline of activities and processes; \\n Routines and time schedules; \\n The rights and obligations of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups throughout the demobilization process; \\n Rules and discipline, including areas that are off limits; \\n Policies concerning freedom of movement in and out of the demobilization site; \\n Policies on SGBV and the consequences of infringement of these policies; \\n Security at the demobilization site; \\n How to report misbehaviour, including specific mechanisms for women; \\n Mechanisms to raise complaints about conditions and treatment at the demobilization site; \\n Procedures for dependants; and \\n Fire precautions and physical safety.Where possible, oral briefings should be supported by written material produced in the local language(s). Experience has shown that drawings and cartoons displayed at key locations within demobilization sites can also be helpful in transmitting information about the different steps of the demobilization operation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":988, "Sentence":"This is to ensure that they are informed about the demobilization process, their rights during the process, and the rules and regulations they are expected to observe.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization ensure informed demobilization process right process rule regulation expected observe ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.2 Reception", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups should be provided with clear and simple guidance when they arrive at demobilization sites, taking into consideration their level of literacy. This is to ensure that they are informed about the demobilization process, their rights during the process, and the rules and regulations they are expected to observe. If a large number of participants are being addressed, it is key to stick to simple concepts, mainly who, what and where. More complex explanations can be provided to smaller groups organized in follow-up to the initial briefing. This can help to prevent unrest and stress within the group. Contingent on the type of demobilization site, introductory briefings should cover, among other things, the following: \\n Site orientation; \\n Outline of activities and processes; \\n Routines and time schedules; \\n The rights and obligations of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups throughout the demobilization process; \\n Rules and discipline, including areas that are off limits; \\n Policies concerning freedom of movement in and out of the demobilization site; \\n Policies on SGBV and the consequences of infringement of these policies; \\n Security at the demobilization site; \\n How to report misbehaviour, including specific mechanisms for women; \\n Mechanisms to raise complaints about conditions and treatment at the demobilization site; \\n Procedures for dependants; and \\n Fire precautions and physical safety.Where possible, oral briefings should be supported by written material produced in the local language(s). Experience has shown that drawings and cartoons displayed at key locations within demobilization sites can also be helpful in transmitting information about the different steps of the demobilization operation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":988, "Sentence":"If a large number of participants are being addressed, it is key to stick to simple concepts, mainly who, what and where.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization large number participant addressed key stick simple concept mainly ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.2 Reception", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups should be provided with clear and simple guidance when they arrive at demobilization sites, taking into consideration their level of literacy. This is to ensure that they are informed about the demobilization process, their rights during the process, and the rules and regulations they are expected to observe. If a large number of participants are being addressed, it is key to stick to simple concepts, mainly who, what and where. More complex explanations can be provided to smaller groups organized in follow-up to the initial briefing. This can help to prevent unrest and stress within the group. Contingent on the type of demobilization site, introductory briefings should cover, among other things, the following: \\n Site orientation; \\n Outline of activities and processes; \\n Routines and time schedules; \\n The rights and obligations of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups throughout the demobilization process; \\n Rules and discipline, including areas that are off limits; \\n Policies concerning freedom of movement in and out of the demobilization site; \\n Policies on SGBV and the consequences of infringement of these policies; \\n Security at the demobilization site; \\n How to report misbehaviour, including specific mechanisms for women; \\n Mechanisms to raise complaints about conditions and treatment at the demobilization site; \\n Procedures for dependants; and \\n Fire precautions and physical safety.Where possible, oral briefings should be supported by written material produced in the local language(s). Experience has shown that drawings and cartoons displayed at key locations within demobilization sites can also be helpful in transmitting information about the different steps of the demobilization operation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":988, "Sentence":"More complex explanations can be provided to smaller groups organized in follow-up to the initial briefing.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization complex explanation provided smaller group organized followup initial briefing ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.2 Reception", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups should be provided with clear and simple guidance when they arrive at demobilization sites, taking into consideration their level of literacy. This is to ensure that they are informed about the demobilization process, their rights during the process, and the rules and regulations they are expected to observe. If a large number of participants are being addressed, it is key to stick to simple concepts, mainly who, what and where. More complex explanations can be provided to smaller groups organized in follow-up to the initial briefing. This can help to prevent unrest and stress within the group. Contingent on the type of demobilization site, introductory briefings should cover, among other things, the following: \\n Site orientation; \\n Outline of activities and processes; \\n Routines and time schedules; \\n The rights and obligations of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups throughout the demobilization process; \\n Rules and discipline, including areas that are off limits; \\n Policies concerning freedom of movement in and out of the demobilization site; \\n Policies on SGBV and the consequences of infringement of these policies; \\n Security at the demobilization site; \\n How to report misbehaviour, including specific mechanisms for women; \\n Mechanisms to raise complaints about conditions and treatment at the demobilization site; \\n Procedures for dependants; and \\n Fire precautions and physical safety.Where possible, oral briefings should be supported by written material produced in the local language(s). Experience has shown that drawings and cartoons displayed at key locations within demobilization sites can also be helpful in transmitting information about the different steps of the demobilization operation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":988, "Sentence":"This can help to prevent unrest and stress within the group.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization help prevent unrest stress within group ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.2 Reception", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups should be provided with clear and simple guidance when they arrive at demobilization sites, taking into consideration their level of literacy. This is to ensure that they are informed about the demobilization process, their rights during the process, and the rules and regulations they are expected to observe. If a large number of participants are being addressed, it is key to stick to simple concepts, mainly who, what and where. More complex explanations can be provided to smaller groups organized in follow-up to the initial briefing. This can help to prevent unrest and stress within the group. Contingent on the type of demobilization site, introductory briefings should cover, among other things, the following: \\n Site orientation; \\n Outline of activities and processes; \\n Routines and time schedules; \\n The rights and obligations of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups throughout the demobilization process; \\n Rules and discipline, including areas that are off limits; \\n Policies concerning freedom of movement in and out of the demobilization site; \\n Policies on SGBV and the consequences of infringement of these policies; \\n Security at the demobilization site; \\n How to report misbehaviour, including specific mechanisms for women; \\n Mechanisms to raise complaints about conditions and treatment at the demobilization site; \\n Procedures for dependants; and \\n Fire precautions and physical safety.Where possible, oral briefings should be supported by written material produced in the local language(s). Experience has shown that drawings and cartoons displayed at key locations within demobilization sites can also be helpful in transmitting information about the different steps of the demobilization operation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":988, "Sentence":"Contingent on the type of demobilization site, introductory briefings should cover, among other things, the following: \\n Site orientation; \\n Outline of activities and processes; \\n Routines and time schedules; \\n The rights and obligations of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups throughout the demobilization process; \\n Rules and discipline, including areas that are off limits; \\n Policies concerning freedom of movement in and out of the demobilization site; \\n Policies on SGBV and the consequences of infringement of these policies; \\n Security at the demobilization site; \\n How to report misbehaviour, including specific mechanisms for women; \\n Mechanisms to raise complaints about conditions and treatment at the demobilization site; \\n Procedures for dependants; and \\n Fire precautions and physical safety.Where possible, oral briefings should be supported by written material produced in the local language(s).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization contingent type demobilization site introductory briefing cover among thing following n site orientation n outline activity process n routine time schedule n right obligation combatant person associated armed force group throughout demobilization process n rule discipline including area limit n policy concerning freedom movement demobilization site n policy sgbv consequence infringement policy n security demobilization site n report misbehaviour including specific mechanism woman n mechanism raise complaint condition treatment demobilization site n procedure dependant n fire precaution physical safety.where possible oral briefing supported written material produced local language ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.2 Reception", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups should be provided with clear and simple guidance when they arrive at demobilization sites, taking into consideration their level of literacy. This is to ensure that they are informed about the demobilization process, their rights during the process, and the rules and regulations they are expected to observe. If a large number of participants are being addressed, it is key to stick to simple concepts, mainly who, what and where. More complex explanations can be provided to smaller groups organized in follow-up to the initial briefing. This can help to prevent unrest and stress within the group. Contingent on the type of demobilization site, introductory briefings should cover, among other things, the following: \\n Site orientation; \\n Outline of activities and processes; \\n Routines and time schedules; \\n The rights and obligations of combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups throughout the demobilization process; \\n Rules and discipline, including areas that are off limits; \\n Policies concerning freedom of movement in and out of the demobilization site; \\n Policies on SGBV and the consequences of infringement of these policies; \\n Security at the demobilization site; \\n How to report misbehaviour, including specific mechanisms for women; \\n Mechanisms to raise complaints about conditions and treatment at the demobilization site; \\n Procedures for dependants; and \\n Fire precautions and physical safety.Where possible, oral briefings should be supported by written material produced in the local language(s). Experience has shown that drawings and cartoons displayed at key locations within demobilization sites can also be helpful in transmitting information about the different steps of the demobilization operation.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":988, "Sentence":"Experience has shown that drawings and cartoons displayed at key locations within demobilization sites can also be helpful in transmitting information about the different steps of the demobilization operation.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization experience shown drawing cartoon displayed key location within demobilization site also helpful transmitting information different step demobilization operation ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.3 Profiling", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"When demobilization is to be followed by reinsertion and reintegration support, then profiling should be used, at a minimum, to identify obstacles that may prevent demobilized individuals from full participation and to identify the specific needs and ambitions of males and females. Profiling should build on the information gathered prior to the onset of the DDR programme (see section 5.1) and should be used to inform, revise and better tailor existing planning and resource allocation. Profiling should include an emphasis on better understanding the reasons why these individuals joined armed forces or groups, aspirations for reintegration, what is needed for a given individual to become a productive citizen, education and technical\/professional skill levels and major gaps, heath-related issues that may affect reintegration (including psychosocial health), family situation, economic status, and any other relevant information that will aid in the design of reinsertion and reintegration support. A standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative information from ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall be developed. This questionnaire can be supported by qualitative profiling, such as assessing life skills and skills learned during armed service (for example, leadership, driving, maintenance\/repair, construction, logistics). DDR practitioners should be aware that profiling may lead to raised expectations, especially if ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups interpret questions about what they want to do in civilian life as promises of future support. DDR practitioners should therefore clearly explain the purpose of the profiling survey (i.e., to better tailor subsequent support) and inform participants of the limitations of future support. A sample profiling questionnaire can be found in Annex D.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":989, "Sentence":"When demobilization is to be followed by reinsertion and reintegration support, then profiling should be used, at a minimum, to identify obstacles that may prevent demobilized individuals from full participation and to identify the specific needs and ambitions of males and females.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilization followed reinsertion reintegration support profiling used minimum identify obstacle may prevent demobilized individual full participation identify specific need ambition male female ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.3 Profiling", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"When demobilization is to be followed by reinsertion and reintegration support, then profiling should be used, at a minimum, to identify obstacles that may prevent demobilized individuals from full participation and to identify the specific needs and ambitions of males and females. Profiling should build on the information gathered prior to the onset of the DDR programme (see section 5.1) and should be used to inform, revise and better tailor existing planning and resource allocation. Profiling should include an emphasis on better understanding the reasons why these individuals joined armed forces or groups, aspirations for reintegration, what is needed for a given individual to become a productive citizen, education and technical\/professional skill levels and major gaps, heath-related issues that may affect reintegration (including psychosocial health), family situation, economic status, and any other relevant information that will aid in the design of reinsertion and reintegration support. A standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative information from ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall be developed. This questionnaire can be supported by qualitative profiling, such as assessing life skills and skills learned during armed service (for example, leadership, driving, maintenance\/repair, construction, logistics). DDR practitioners should be aware that profiling may lead to raised expectations, especially if ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups interpret questions about what they want to do in civilian life as promises of future support. DDR practitioners should therefore clearly explain the purpose of the profiling survey (i.e., to better tailor subsequent support) and inform participants of the limitations of future support. A sample profiling questionnaire can be found in Annex D.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":989, "Sentence":"Profiling should build on the information gathered prior to the onset of the DDR programme (see section 5.1) and should be used to inform, revise and better tailor existing planning and resource allocation.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization profiling build information gathered prior onset ddr programme see section 5.1 used inform revise better tailor existing planning resource allocation ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.3 Profiling", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"When demobilization is to be followed by reinsertion and reintegration support, then profiling should be used, at a minimum, to identify obstacles that may prevent demobilized individuals from full participation and to identify the specific needs and ambitions of males and females. Profiling should build on the information gathered prior to the onset of the DDR programme (see section 5.1) and should be used to inform, revise and better tailor existing planning and resource allocation. Profiling should include an emphasis on better understanding the reasons why these individuals joined armed forces or groups, aspirations for reintegration, what is needed for a given individual to become a productive citizen, education and technical\/professional skill levels and major gaps, heath-related issues that may affect reintegration (including psychosocial health), family situation, economic status, and any other relevant information that will aid in the design of reinsertion and reintegration support. A standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative information from ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall be developed. This questionnaire can be supported by qualitative profiling, such as assessing life skills and skills learned during armed service (for example, leadership, driving, maintenance\/repair, construction, logistics). DDR practitioners should be aware that profiling may lead to raised expectations, especially if ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups interpret questions about what they want to do in civilian life as promises of future support. DDR practitioners should therefore clearly explain the purpose of the profiling survey (i.e., to better tailor subsequent support) and inform participants of the limitations of future support. A sample profiling questionnaire can be found in Annex D.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":989, "Sentence":"Profiling should include an emphasis on better understanding the reasons why these individuals joined armed forces or groups, aspirations for reintegration, what is needed for a given individual to become a productive citizen, education and technical\/professional skill levels and major gaps, heath-related issues that may affect reintegration (including psychosocial health), family situation, economic status, and any other relevant information that will aid in the design of reinsertion and reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization profiling include emphasis better understanding reason individual joined armed force group aspiration reintegration needed given individual become productive citizen education technical\/professional skill level major gap heathrelated issue may affect reintegration including psychosocial health family situation economic status relevant information aid design reinsertion reintegration support ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.3 Profiling", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"When demobilization is to be followed by reinsertion and reintegration support, then profiling should be used, at a minimum, to identify obstacles that may prevent demobilized individuals from full participation and to identify the specific needs and ambitions of males and females. Profiling should build on the information gathered prior to the onset of the DDR programme (see section 5.1) and should be used to inform, revise and better tailor existing planning and resource allocation. Profiling should include an emphasis on better understanding the reasons why these individuals joined armed forces or groups, aspirations for reintegration, what is needed for a given individual to become a productive citizen, education and technical\/professional skill levels and major gaps, heath-related issues that may affect reintegration (including psychosocial health), family situation, economic status, and any other relevant information that will aid in the design of reinsertion and reintegration support. A standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative information from ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall be developed. This questionnaire can be supported by qualitative profiling, such as assessing life skills and skills learned during armed service (for example, leadership, driving, maintenance\/repair, construction, logistics). DDR practitioners should be aware that profiling may lead to raised expectations, especially if ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups interpret questions about what they want to do in civilian life as promises of future support. DDR practitioners should therefore clearly explain the purpose of the profiling survey (i.e., to better tailor subsequent support) and inform participants of the limitations of future support. A sample profiling questionnaire can be found in Annex D.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":989, "Sentence":"A standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative information from ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall be developed.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative qualitative information excombatants person formerly associated armed force group shall developed ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.3 Profiling", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"When demobilization is to be followed by reinsertion and reintegration support, then profiling should be used, at a minimum, to identify obstacles that may prevent demobilized individuals from full participation and to identify the specific needs and ambitions of males and females. Profiling should build on the information gathered prior to the onset of the DDR programme (see section 5.1) and should be used to inform, revise and better tailor existing planning and resource allocation. Profiling should include an emphasis on better understanding the reasons why these individuals joined armed forces or groups, aspirations for reintegration, what is needed for a given individual to become a productive citizen, education and technical\/professional skill levels and major gaps, heath-related issues that may affect reintegration (including psychosocial health), family situation, economic status, and any other relevant information that will aid in the design of reinsertion and reintegration support. A standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative information from ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall be developed. This questionnaire can be supported by qualitative profiling, such as assessing life skills and skills learned during armed service (for example, leadership, driving, maintenance\/repair, construction, logistics). DDR practitioners should be aware that profiling may lead to raised expectations, especially if ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups interpret questions about what they want to do in civilian life as promises of future support. DDR practitioners should therefore clearly explain the purpose of the profiling survey (i.e., to better tailor subsequent support) and inform participants of the limitations of future support. A sample profiling questionnaire can be found in Annex D.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":989, "Sentence":"This questionnaire can be supported by qualitative profiling, such as assessing life skills and skills learned during armed service (for example, leadership, driving, maintenance\/repair, construction, logistics).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization questionnaire supported qualitative profiling assessing life skill skill learned armed service example leadership driving maintenance\/repair construction logistics ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.3 Profiling", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"When demobilization is to be followed by reinsertion and reintegration support, then profiling should be used, at a minimum, to identify obstacles that may prevent demobilized individuals from full participation and to identify the specific needs and ambitions of males and females. Profiling should build on the information gathered prior to the onset of the DDR programme (see section 5.1) and should be used to inform, revise and better tailor existing planning and resource allocation. Profiling should include an emphasis on better understanding the reasons why these individuals joined armed forces or groups, aspirations for reintegration, what is needed for a given individual to become a productive citizen, education and technical\/professional skill levels and major gaps, heath-related issues that may affect reintegration (including psychosocial health), family situation, economic status, and any other relevant information that will aid in the design of reinsertion and reintegration support. A standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative information from ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall be developed. This questionnaire can be supported by qualitative profiling, such as assessing life skills and skills learned during armed service (for example, leadership, driving, maintenance\/repair, construction, logistics). DDR practitioners should be aware that profiling may lead to raised expectations, especially if ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups interpret questions about what they want to do in civilian life as promises of future support. DDR practitioners should therefore clearly explain the purpose of the profiling survey (i.e., to better tailor subsequent support) and inform participants of the limitations of future support. A sample profiling questionnaire can be found in Annex D.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":989, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should be aware that profiling may lead to raised expectations, especially if ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups interpret questions about what they want to do in civilian life as promises of future support.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization ddr practitioner aware profiling may lead raised expectation especially ex combatant person formerly associated armed force group interpret question want civilian life promise future support ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.3 Profiling", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"When demobilization is to be followed by reinsertion and reintegration support, then profiling should be used, at a minimum, to identify obstacles that may prevent demobilized individuals from full participation and to identify the specific needs and ambitions of males and females. Profiling should build on the information gathered prior to the onset of the DDR programme (see section 5.1) and should be used to inform, revise and better tailor existing planning and resource allocation. Profiling should include an emphasis on better understanding the reasons why these individuals joined armed forces or groups, aspirations for reintegration, what is needed for a given individual to become a productive citizen, education and technical\/professional skill levels and major gaps, heath-related issues that may affect reintegration (including psychosocial health), family situation, economic status, and any other relevant information that will aid in the design of reinsertion and reintegration support. A standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative information from ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall be developed. This questionnaire can be supported by qualitative profiling, such as assessing life skills and skills learned during armed service (for example, leadership, driving, maintenance\/repair, construction, logistics). DDR practitioners should be aware that profiling may lead to raised expectations, especially if ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups interpret questions about what they want to do in civilian life as promises of future support. DDR practitioners should therefore clearly explain the purpose of the profiling survey (i.e., to better tailor subsequent support) and inform participants of the limitations of future support. A sample profiling questionnaire can be found in Annex D.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":989, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should therefore clearly explain the purpose of the profiling survey (i.e., to better tailor subsequent support) and inform participants of the limitations of future support.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization ddr practitioner therefore clearly explain purpose profiling survey i.e . better tailor subsequent support inform participant limitation future support ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.3 Profiling", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"When demobilization is to be followed by reinsertion and reintegration support, then profiling should be used, at a minimum, to identify obstacles that may prevent demobilized individuals from full participation and to identify the specific needs and ambitions of males and females. Profiling should build on the information gathered prior to the onset of the DDR programme (see section 5.1) and should be used to inform, revise and better tailor existing planning and resource allocation. Profiling should include an emphasis on better understanding the reasons why these individuals joined armed forces or groups, aspirations for reintegration, what is needed for a given individual to become a productive citizen, education and technical\/professional skill levels and major gaps, heath-related issues that may affect reintegration (including psychosocial health), family situation, economic status, and any other relevant information that will aid in the design of reinsertion and reintegration support. A standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative information from ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall be developed. This questionnaire can be supported by qualitative profiling, such as assessing life skills and skills learned during armed service (for example, leadership, driving, maintenance\/repair, construction, logistics). DDR practitioners should be aware that profiling may lead to raised expectations, especially if ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups interpret questions about what they want to do in civilian life as promises of future support. DDR practitioners should therefore clearly explain the purpose of the profiling survey (i.e., to better tailor subsequent support) and inform participants of the limitations of future support. A sample profiling questionnaire can be found in Annex D.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":989, "Sentence":"A sample profiling questionnaire can be found in Annex D.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization sample profiling questionnaire found annex ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.4 Health screening", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"During demobilization, individuals should be directed to a doctor or medical team for physical and pyschosocial health screening. Both general and specific health needs should be assessed (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disability-Inclusive DDR). Medical screening facilities shall ensure privacy during physical check-ups. Those who require immediate medical attention of a kind that is not available at the demobilization site shall be taken to hospital. Others shall be treated in situ. Basic specialized attention in the areas of reproductive health and sexually transmitted infections, including voluntary testing and counselling for HIV\/AIDS, shall be provided (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS). Reproductive health education and materials shall be provided to both men and women. Possible addictions (such as to drugs and\/or alcohol) shall also be assessed and specific provisions provided for follow-up care. Psychosocial screening for mental health issues, including post-traumatic stress, shall be initiated at sites with available counselling support for initial consultation and referral to appropriate services. Although the demobilization period will not be long enough to sufficiently address these issues, DDR practitioners shall support ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to continue to access treatment throughout subsequent stages of the DDR programme and closely liaise with reintegration practitioners to ensure that data collected is utilized to design appropriate reintegration interventions. This can be done, for example, through an Information, Counselling and Referral System (see section 6.8).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":990, "Sentence":"During demobilization, individuals should be directed to a doctor or medical team for physical and pyschosocial health screening.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilization individual directed doctor medical team physical pyschosocial health screening ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.4 Health screening", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"During demobilization, individuals should be directed to a doctor or medical team for physical and pyschosocial health screening. Both general and specific health needs should be assessed (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disability-Inclusive DDR). Medical screening facilities shall ensure privacy during physical check-ups. Those who require immediate medical attention of a kind that is not available at the demobilization site shall be taken to hospital. Others shall be treated in situ. Basic specialized attention in the areas of reproductive health and sexually transmitted infections, including voluntary testing and counselling for HIV\/AIDS, shall be provided (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS). Reproductive health education and materials shall be provided to both men and women. Possible addictions (such as to drugs and\/or alcohol) shall also be assessed and specific provisions provided for follow-up care. Psychosocial screening for mental health issues, including post-traumatic stress, shall be initiated at sites with available counselling support for initial consultation and referral to appropriate services. Although the demobilization period will not be long enough to sufficiently address these issues, DDR practitioners shall support ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to continue to access treatment throughout subsequent stages of the DDR programme and closely liaise with reintegration practitioners to ensure that data collected is utilized to design appropriate reintegration interventions. This can be done, for example, through an Information, Counselling and Referral System (see section 6.8).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":990, "Sentence":"Both general and specific health needs should be assessed (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disability-Inclusive DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization general specific health need assessed see iddrs 5.70 health ddr iddrs 5.80 disabilityinclusive ddr ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.4 Health screening", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"During demobilization, individuals should be directed to a doctor or medical team for physical and pyschosocial health screening. Both general and specific health needs should be assessed (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disability-Inclusive DDR). Medical screening facilities shall ensure privacy during physical check-ups. Those who require immediate medical attention of a kind that is not available at the demobilization site shall be taken to hospital. Others shall be treated in situ. Basic specialized attention in the areas of reproductive health and sexually transmitted infections, including voluntary testing and counselling for HIV\/AIDS, shall be provided (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS). Reproductive health education and materials shall be provided to both men and women. Possible addictions (such as to drugs and\/or alcohol) shall also be assessed and specific provisions provided for follow-up care. Psychosocial screening for mental health issues, including post-traumatic stress, shall be initiated at sites with available counselling support for initial consultation and referral to appropriate services. Although the demobilization period will not be long enough to sufficiently address these issues, DDR practitioners shall support ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to continue to access treatment throughout subsequent stages of the DDR programme and closely liaise with reintegration practitioners to ensure that data collected is utilized to design appropriate reintegration interventions. This can be done, for example, through an Information, Counselling and Referral System (see section 6.8).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":990, "Sentence":"Medical screening facilities shall ensure privacy during physical check-ups.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization medical screening facility shall ensure privacy physical checkup ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.4 Health screening", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"During demobilization, individuals should be directed to a doctor or medical team for physical and pyschosocial health screening. Both general and specific health needs should be assessed (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disability-Inclusive DDR). Medical screening facilities shall ensure privacy during physical check-ups. Those who require immediate medical attention of a kind that is not available at the demobilization site shall be taken to hospital. Others shall be treated in situ. Basic specialized attention in the areas of reproductive health and sexually transmitted infections, including voluntary testing and counselling for HIV\/AIDS, shall be provided (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS). Reproductive health education and materials shall be provided to both men and women. Possible addictions (such as to drugs and\/or alcohol) shall also be assessed and specific provisions provided for follow-up care. Psychosocial screening for mental health issues, including post-traumatic stress, shall be initiated at sites with available counselling support for initial consultation and referral to appropriate services. Although the demobilization period will not be long enough to sufficiently address these issues, DDR practitioners shall support ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to continue to access treatment throughout subsequent stages of the DDR programme and closely liaise with reintegration practitioners to ensure that data collected is utilized to design appropriate reintegration interventions. This can be done, for example, through an Information, Counselling and Referral System (see section 6.8).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":990, "Sentence":"Those who require immediate medical attention of a kind that is not available at the demobilization site shall be taken to hospital.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization require immediate medical attention kind available demobilization site shall taken hospital ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.4 Health screening", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"During demobilization, individuals should be directed to a doctor or medical team for physical and pyschosocial health screening. Both general and specific health needs should be assessed (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disability-Inclusive DDR). Medical screening facilities shall ensure privacy during physical check-ups. Those who require immediate medical attention of a kind that is not available at the demobilization site shall be taken to hospital. Others shall be treated in situ. Basic specialized attention in the areas of reproductive health and sexually transmitted infections, including voluntary testing and counselling for HIV\/AIDS, shall be provided (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS). Reproductive health education and materials shall be provided to both men and women. Possible addictions (such as to drugs and\/or alcohol) shall also be assessed and specific provisions provided for follow-up care. Psychosocial screening for mental health issues, including post-traumatic stress, shall be initiated at sites with available counselling support for initial consultation and referral to appropriate services. Although the demobilization period will not be long enough to sufficiently address these issues, DDR practitioners shall support ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to continue to access treatment throughout subsequent stages of the DDR programme and closely liaise with reintegration practitioners to ensure that data collected is utilized to design appropriate reintegration interventions. This can be done, for example, through an Information, Counselling and Referral System (see section 6.8).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":990, "Sentence":"Others shall be treated in situ.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization others shall treated situ ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.4 Health screening", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"During demobilization, individuals should be directed to a doctor or medical team for physical and pyschosocial health screening. Both general and specific health needs should be assessed (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disability-Inclusive DDR). Medical screening facilities shall ensure privacy during physical check-ups. Those who require immediate medical attention of a kind that is not available at the demobilization site shall be taken to hospital. Others shall be treated in situ. Basic specialized attention in the areas of reproductive health and sexually transmitted infections, including voluntary testing and counselling for HIV\/AIDS, shall be provided (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS). Reproductive health education and materials shall be provided to both men and women. Possible addictions (such as to drugs and\/or alcohol) shall also be assessed and specific provisions provided for follow-up care. Psychosocial screening for mental health issues, including post-traumatic stress, shall be initiated at sites with available counselling support for initial consultation and referral to appropriate services. Although the demobilization period will not be long enough to sufficiently address these issues, DDR practitioners shall support ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to continue to access treatment throughout subsequent stages of the DDR programme and closely liaise with reintegration practitioners to ensure that data collected is utilized to design appropriate reintegration interventions. This can be done, for example, through an Information, Counselling and Referral System (see section 6.8).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":990, "Sentence":"Basic specialized attention in the areas of reproductive health and sexually transmitted infections, including voluntary testing and counselling for HIV\/AIDS, shall be provided (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization basic specialized attention area reproductive health sexually transmitted infection including voluntary testing counselling hiv\/aids shall provided see iddrs 5.60 hiv\/aids ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.4 Health screening", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"During demobilization, individuals should be directed to a doctor or medical team for physical and pyschosocial health screening. Both general and specific health needs should be assessed (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disability-Inclusive DDR). Medical screening facilities shall ensure privacy during physical check-ups. Those who require immediate medical attention of a kind that is not available at the demobilization site shall be taken to hospital. Others shall be treated in situ. Basic specialized attention in the areas of reproductive health and sexually transmitted infections, including voluntary testing and counselling for HIV\/AIDS, shall be provided (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS). Reproductive health education and materials shall be provided to both men and women. Possible addictions (such as to drugs and\/or alcohol) shall also be assessed and specific provisions provided for follow-up care. Psychosocial screening for mental health issues, including post-traumatic stress, shall be initiated at sites with available counselling support for initial consultation and referral to appropriate services. Although the demobilization period will not be long enough to sufficiently address these issues, DDR practitioners shall support ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to continue to access treatment throughout subsequent stages of the DDR programme and closely liaise with reintegration practitioners to ensure that data collected is utilized to design appropriate reintegration interventions. This can be done, for example, through an Information, Counselling and Referral System (see section 6.8).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":990, "Sentence":"Reproductive health education and materials shall be provided to both men and women.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization reproductive health education material shall provided men woman ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.4 Health screening", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"During demobilization, individuals should be directed to a doctor or medical team for physical and pyschosocial health screening. Both general and specific health needs should be assessed (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disability-Inclusive DDR). Medical screening facilities shall ensure privacy during physical check-ups. Those who require immediate medical attention of a kind that is not available at the demobilization site shall be taken to hospital. Others shall be treated in situ. Basic specialized attention in the areas of reproductive health and sexually transmitted infections, including voluntary testing and counselling for HIV\/AIDS, shall be provided (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS). Reproductive health education and materials shall be provided to both men and women. Possible addictions (such as to drugs and\/or alcohol) shall also be assessed and specific provisions provided for follow-up care. Psychosocial screening for mental health issues, including post-traumatic stress, shall be initiated at sites with available counselling support for initial consultation and referral to appropriate services. Although the demobilization period will not be long enough to sufficiently address these issues, DDR practitioners shall support ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to continue to access treatment throughout subsequent stages of the DDR programme and closely liaise with reintegration practitioners to ensure that data collected is utilized to design appropriate reintegration interventions. This can be done, for example, through an Information, Counselling and Referral System (see section 6.8).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":990, "Sentence":"Possible addictions (such as to drugs and\/or alcohol) shall also be assessed and specific provisions provided for follow-up care.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization possible addiction drug and\/or alcohol shall also assessed specific provision provided followup care ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.4 Health screening", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"During demobilization, individuals should be directed to a doctor or medical team for physical and pyschosocial health screening. Both general and specific health needs should be assessed (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disability-Inclusive DDR). Medical screening facilities shall ensure privacy during physical check-ups. Those who require immediate medical attention of a kind that is not available at the demobilization site shall be taken to hospital. Others shall be treated in situ. Basic specialized attention in the areas of reproductive health and sexually transmitted infections, including voluntary testing and counselling for HIV\/AIDS, shall be provided (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS). Reproductive health education and materials shall be provided to both men and women. Possible addictions (such as to drugs and\/or alcohol) shall also be assessed and specific provisions provided for follow-up care. Psychosocial screening for mental health issues, including post-traumatic stress, shall be initiated at sites with available counselling support for initial consultation and referral to appropriate services. Although the demobilization period will not be long enough to sufficiently address these issues, DDR practitioners shall support ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to continue to access treatment throughout subsequent stages of the DDR programme and closely liaise with reintegration practitioners to ensure that data collected is utilized to design appropriate reintegration interventions. This can be done, for example, through an Information, Counselling and Referral System (see section 6.8).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":990, "Sentence":"Psychosocial screening for mental health issues, including post-traumatic stress, shall be initiated at sites with available counselling support for initial consultation and referral to appropriate services.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization psychosocial screening mental health issue including posttraumatic stress shall initiated site available counselling support initial consultation referral appropriate service ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.4 Health screening", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"During demobilization, individuals should be directed to a doctor or medical team for physical and pyschosocial health screening. Both general and specific health needs should be assessed (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disability-Inclusive DDR). Medical screening facilities shall ensure privacy during physical check-ups. Those who require immediate medical attention of a kind that is not available at the demobilization site shall be taken to hospital. Others shall be treated in situ. Basic specialized attention in the areas of reproductive health and sexually transmitted infections, including voluntary testing and counselling for HIV\/AIDS, shall be provided (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS). Reproductive health education and materials shall be provided to both men and women. Possible addictions (such as to drugs and\/or alcohol) shall also be assessed and specific provisions provided for follow-up care. Psychosocial screening for mental health issues, including post-traumatic stress, shall be initiated at sites with available counselling support for initial consultation and referral to appropriate services. Although the demobilization period will not be long enough to sufficiently address these issues, DDR practitioners shall support ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to continue to access treatment throughout subsequent stages of the DDR programme and closely liaise with reintegration practitioners to ensure that data collected is utilized to design appropriate reintegration interventions. This can be done, for example, through an Information, Counselling and Referral System (see section 6.8).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":990, "Sentence":"Although the demobilization period will not be long enough to sufficiently address these issues, DDR practitioners shall support ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to continue to access treatment throughout subsequent stages of the DDR programme and closely liaise with reintegration practitioners to ensure that data collected is utilized to design appropriate reintegration interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization although demobilization period long enough sufficiently address issue ddr practitioner shall support excombatants person formerly associated armed force group continue access treatment throughout subsequent stage ddr programme closely liaise reintegration practitioner ensure data collected utilized design appropriate reintegration intervention ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.4 Health screening", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"During demobilization, individuals should be directed to a doctor or medical team for physical and pyschosocial health screening. Both general and specific health needs should be assessed (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR and IDDRS 5.80 on Disability-Inclusive DDR). Medical screening facilities shall ensure privacy during physical check-ups. Those who require immediate medical attention of a kind that is not available at the demobilization site shall be taken to hospital. Others shall be treated in situ. Basic specialized attention in the areas of reproductive health and sexually transmitted infections, including voluntary testing and counselling for HIV\/AIDS, shall be provided (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS). Reproductive health education and materials shall be provided to both men and women. Possible addictions (such as to drugs and\/or alcohol) shall also be assessed and specific provisions provided for follow-up care. Psychosocial screening for mental health issues, including post-traumatic stress, shall be initiated at sites with available counselling support for initial consultation and referral to appropriate services. Although the demobilization period will not be long enough to sufficiently address these issues, DDR practitioners shall support ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to continue to access treatment throughout subsequent stages of the DDR programme and closely liaise with reintegration practitioners to ensure that data collected is utilized to design appropriate reintegration interventions. This can be done, for example, through an Information, Counselling and Referral System (see section 6.8).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":990, "Sentence":"This can be done, for example, through an Information, Counselling and Referral System (see section 6.8).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization done example information counselling referral system see section 6.8 ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.5 Awareness raising and sensitization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Demobilization operations provide an opportunity to offer individuals information that can practically and psychologically prepare them for the transition from military to civilian life. For example, if demobilized individuals are to receive reinsertion support (cash, vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, etc.), then the modalities of this support should be clearly explained. Furthermore, if reinsertion assistance is to be followed by reintegration support, orientation sessions should include information on the opportunities and support services available as part of the reintegration programme and how these can be accessed.Awareness-raising materials and educational sessions should leverage opportunities to promote healthy, non-violent gender identities, including fatherhood, and to showcase men and women in equal roles in the community. Materials shall also be visually representative of different religious, ethnic, and racial compositions of the community and promote social cohesion among all groups and genders. Conversely, misinformation, disinformation and the creation of false expectations can undermine the reinsertion and reintegration efforts of DDR programmes. Accurate information should be provided by the DDR team and partners (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Those about to leave the demobilization site should be provided with counselling on what to expect regarding their changed status and role in society, and what they can do if they are stigmatized or not accepted back by their communities. They should also receive advice on political and legal issues, civic and community responsibilities, reconciliation initiatives and logistics for transportation when they leave the demobilization site. Demobilized individuals and their dependants may be reluctant to return to their home areas if members of their former group (or a different group) remain active in the region. This is because they may fear retaliation against themselves and\/or their families. This possibility should be addressed through a security and risk assessment (see section 5.5). When retaliation is a possibility, those affected should be informed of the risks and supported to find alternative accommodation in a different location (if they so choose). Where possible, specialized confidential counselling should be offered, to avoid peer pressure and promote the independence of each demobilized individual.Sensitization sessions can be an essential part of supporting the transition from military to civilian life and preparing DDR participants for their return to families and communities. Core sensitization may include sessions on: \\n Reproductive health, including HIV\/AIDS and STI awareness raising; \\n Psychosocial education and awareness raising, including the symptoms associated with post- traumatic stress, destigmatizing experiences, education on managing stress responses, navigating discussions with families and host communities, and when to seek help; \\n Conflict resolution, non-violent communication and anger management; \\n Human rights, including women\u2019s and children\u2019s rights; \\n Parenting, for both fathers and mothers; \\n Gender, for both men and women, including discussion on gender identities and how they may be impacted by the conflict, as well as roles and responsibilities in armed forces and groups and in the community (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); and \\n First aid or other key skills. \\n\\n See Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for additional guidance on SGBV mitigation and response during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":991, "Sentence":"Demobilization operations provide an opportunity to offer individuals information that can practically and psychologically prepare them for the transition from military to civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilization operation provide opportunity offer individual information practically psychologically prepare transition military civilian life ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.5 Awareness raising and sensitization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Demobilization operations provide an opportunity to offer individuals information that can practically and psychologically prepare them for the transition from military to civilian life. For example, if demobilized individuals are to receive reinsertion support (cash, vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, etc.), then the modalities of this support should be clearly explained. Furthermore, if reinsertion assistance is to be followed by reintegration support, orientation sessions should include information on the opportunities and support services available as part of the reintegration programme and how these can be accessed.Awareness-raising materials and educational sessions should leverage opportunities to promote healthy, non-violent gender identities, including fatherhood, and to showcase men and women in equal roles in the community. Materials shall also be visually representative of different religious, ethnic, and racial compositions of the community and promote social cohesion among all groups and genders. Conversely, misinformation, disinformation and the creation of false expectations can undermine the reinsertion and reintegration efforts of DDR programmes. Accurate information should be provided by the DDR team and partners (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Those about to leave the demobilization site should be provided with counselling on what to expect regarding their changed status and role in society, and what they can do if they are stigmatized or not accepted back by their communities. They should also receive advice on political and legal issues, civic and community responsibilities, reconciliation initiatives and logistics for transportation when they leave the demobilization site. Demobilized individuals and their dependants may be reluctant to return to their home areas if members of their former group (or a different group) remain active in the region. This is because they may fear retaliation against themselves and\/or their families. This possibility should be addressed through a security and risk assessment (see section 5.5). When retaliation is a possibility, those affected should be informed of the risks and supported to find alternative accommodation in a different location (if they so choose). Where possible, specialized confidential counselling should be offered, to avoid peer pressure and promote the independence of each demobilized individual.Sensitization sessions can be an essential part of supporting the transition from military to civilian life and preparing DDR participants for their return to families and communities. Core sensitization may include sessions on: \\n Reproductive health, including HIV\/AIDS and STI awareness raising; \\n Psychosocial education and awareness raising, including the symptoms associated with post- traumatic stress, destigmatizing experiences, education on managing stress responses, navigating discussions with families and host communities, and when to seek help; \\n Conflict resolution, non-violent communication and anger management; \\n Human rights, including women\u2019s and children\u2019s rights; \\n Parenting, for both fathers and mothers; \\n Gender, for both men and women, including discussion on gender identities and how they may be impacted by the conflict, as well as roles and responsibilities in armed forces and groups and in the community (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); and \\n First aid or other key skills. \\n\\n See Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for additional guidance on SGBV mitigation and response during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":991, "Sentence":"For example, if demobilized individuals are to receive reinsertion support (cash, vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization example demobilized individual receive reinsertion support cash voucher inkind support public work programme etc ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.5 Awareness raising and sensitization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Demobilization operations provide an opportunity to offer individuals information that can practically and psychologically prepare them for the transition from military to civilian life. For example, if demobilized individuals are to receive reinsertion support (cash, vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, etc.), then the modalities of this support should be clearly explained. Furthermore, if reinsertion assistance is to be followed by reintegration support, orientation sessions should include information on the opportunities and support services available as part of the reintegration programme and how these can be accessed.Awareness-raising materials and educational sessions should leverage opportunities to promote healthy, non-violent gender identities, including fatherhood, and to showcase men and women in equal roles in the community. Materials shall also be visually representative of different religious, ethnic, and racial compositions of the community and promote social cohesion among all groups and genders. Conversely, misinformation, disinformation and the creation of false expectations can undermine the reinsertion and reintegration efforts of DDR programmes. Accurate information should be provided by the DDR team and partners (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Those about to leave the demobilization site should be provided with counselling on what to expect regarding their changed status and role in society, and what they can do if they are stigmatized or not accepted back by their communities. They should also receive advice on political and legal issues, civic and community responsibilities, reconciliation initiatives and logistics for transportation when they leave the demobilization site. Demobilized individuals and their dependants may be reluctant to return to their home areas if members of their former group (or a different group) remain active in the region. This is because they may fear retaliation against themselves and\/or their families. This possibility should be addressed through a security and risk assessment (see section 5.5). When retaliation is a possibility, those affected should be informed of the risks and supported to find alternative accommodation in a different location (if they so choose). Where possible, specialized confidential counselling should be offered, to avoid peer pressure and promote the independence of each demobilized individual.Sensitization sessions can be an essential part of supporting the transition from military to civilian life and preparing DDR participants for their return to families and communities. Core sensitization may include sessions on: \\n Reproductive health, including HIV\/AIDS and STI awareness raising; \\n Psychosocial education and awareness raising, including the symptoms associated with post- traumatic stress, destigmatizing experiences, education on managing stress responses, navigating discussions with families and host communities, and when to seek help; \\n Conflict resolution, non-violent communication and anger management; \\n Human rights, including women\u2019s and children\u2019s rights; \\n Parenting, for both fathers and mothers; \\n Gender, for both men and women, including discussion on gender identities and how they may be impacted by the conflict, as well as roles and responsibilities in armed forces and groups and in the community (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); and \\n First aid or other key skills. \\n\\n See Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for additional guidance on SGBV mitigation and response during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":991, "Sentence":"), then the modalities of this support should be clearly explained.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization modality support clearly explained ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.5 Awareness raising and sensitization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Demobilization operations provide an opportunity to offer individuals information that can practically and psychologically prepare them for the transition from military to civilian life. For example, if demobilized individuals are to receive reinsertion support (cash, vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, etc.), then the modalities of this support should be clearly explained. Furthermore, if reinsertion assistance is to be followed by reintegration support, orientation sessions should include information on the opportunities and support services available as part of the reintegration programme and how these can be accessed.Awareness-raising materials and educational sessions should leverage opportunities to promote healthy, non-violent gender identities, including fatherhood, and to showcase men and women in equal roles in the community. Materials shall also be visually representative of different religious, ethnic, and racial compositions of the community and promote social cohesion among all groups and genders. Conversely, misinformation, disinformation and the creation of false expectations can undermine the reinsertion and reintegration efforts of DDR programmes. Accurate information should be provided by the DDR team and partners (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Those about to leave the demobilization site should be provided with counselling on what to expect regarding their changed status and role in society, and what they can do if they are stigmatized or not accepted back by their communities. They should also receive advice on political and legal issues, civic and community responsibilities, reconciliation initiatives and logistics for transportation when they leave the demobilization site. Demobilized individuals and their dependants may be reluctant to return to their home areas if members of their former group (or a different group) remain active in the region. This is because they may fear retaliation against themselves and\/or their families. This possibility should be addressed through a security and risk assessment (see section 5.5). When retaliation is a possibility, those affected should be informed of the risks and supported to find alternative accommodation in a different location (if they so choose). Where possible, specialized confidential counselling should be offered, to avoid peer pressure and promote the independence of each demobilized individual.Sensitization sessions can be an essential part of supporting the transition from military to civilian life and preparing DDR participants for their return to families and communities. Core sensitization may include sessions on: \\n Reproductive health, including HIV\/AIDS and STI awareness raising; \\n Psychosocial education and awareness raising, including the symptoms associated with post- traumatic stress, destigmatizing experiences, education on managing stress responses, navigating discussions with families and host communities, and when to seek help; \\n Conflict resolution, non-violent communication and anger management; \\n Human rights, including women\u2019s and children\u2019s rights; \\n Parenting, for both fathers and mothers; \\n Gender, for both men and women, including discussion on gender identities and how they may be impacted by the conflict, as well as roles and responsibilities in armed forces and groups and in the community (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); and \\n First aid or other key skills. \\n\\n See Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for additional guidance on SGBV mitigation and response during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":991, "Sentence":"Furthermore, if reinsertion assistance is to be followed by reintegration support, orientation sessions should include information on the opportunities and support services available as part of the reintegration programme and how these can be accessed.Awareness-raising materials and educational sessions should leverage opportunities to promote healthy, non-violent gender identities, including fatherhood, and to showcase men and women in equal roles in the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization furthermore reinsertion assistance followed reintegration support orientation session include information opportunity support service available part reintegration programme accessed.awarenessraising material educational session leverage opportunity promote healthy nonviolent gender identity including fatherhood showcase men woman equal role community ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.5 Awareness raising and sensitization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Demobilization operations provide an opportunity to offer individuals information that can practically and psychologically prepare them for the transition from military to civilian life. For example, if demobilized individuals are to receive reinsertion support (cash, vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, etc.), then the modalities of this support should be clearly explained. Furthermore, if reinsertion assistance is to be followed by reintegration support, orientation sessions should include information on the opportunities and support services available as part of the reintegration programme and how these can be accessed.Awareness-raising materials and educational sessions should leverage opportunities to promote healthy, non-violent gender identities, including fatherhood, and to showcase men and women in equal roles in the community. Materials shall also be visually representative of different religious, ethnic, and racial compositions of the community and promote social cohesion among all groups and genders. Conversely, misinformation, disinformation and the creation of false expectations can undermine the reinsertion and reintegration efforts of DDR programmes. Accurate information should be provided by the DDR team and partners (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Those about to leave the demobilization site should be provided with counselling on what to expect regarding their changed status and role in society, and what they can do if they are stigmatized or not accepted back by their communities. They should also receive advice on political and legal issues, civic and community responsibilities, reconciliation initiatives and logistics for transportation when they leave the demobilization site. Demobilized individuals and their dependants may be reluctant to return to their home areas if members of their former group (or a different group) remain active in the region. This is because they may fear retaliation against themselves and\/or their families. This possibility should be addressed through a security and risk assessment (see section 5.5). When retaliation is a possibility, those affected should be informed of the risks and supported to find alternative accommodation in a different location (if they so choose). Where possible, specialized confidential counselling should be offered, to avoid peer pressure and promote the independence of each demobilized individual.Sensitization sessions can be an essential part of supporting the transition from military to civilian life and preparing DDR participants for their return to families and communities. Core sensitization may include sessions on: \\n Reproductive health, including HIV\/AIDS and STI awareness raising; \\n Psychosocial education and awareness raising, including the symptoms associated with post- traumatic stress, destigmatizing experiences, education on managing stress responses, navigating discussions with families and host communities, and when to seek help; \\n Conflict resolution, non-violent communication and anger management; \\n Human rights, including women\u2019s and children\u2019s rights; \\n Parenting, for both fathers and mothers; \\n Gender, for both men and women, including discussion on gender identities and how they may be impacted by the conflict, as well as roles and responsibilities in armed forces and groups and in the community (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); and \\n First aid or other key skills. \\n\\n See Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for additional guidance on SGBV mitigation and response during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":991, "Sentence":"Materials shall also be visually representative of different religious, ethnic, and racial compositions of the community and promote social cohesion among all groups and genders.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization material shall also visually representative different religious ethnic racial composition community promote social cohesion among group gender ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.5 Awareness raising and sensitization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Demobilization operations provide an opportunity to offer individuals information that can practically and psychologically prepare them for the transition from military to civilian life. For example, if demobilized individuals are to receive reinsertion support (cash, vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, etc.), then the modalities of this support should be clearly explained. Furthermore, if reinsertion assistance is to be followed by reintegration support, orientation sessions should include information on the opportunities and support services available as part of the reintegration programme and how these can be accessed.Awareness-raising materials and educational sessions should leverage opportunities to promote healthy, non-violent gender identities, including fatherhood, and to showcase men and women in equal roles in the community. Materials shall also be visually representative of different religious, ethnic, and racial compositions of the community and promote social cohesion among all groups and genders. Conversely, misinformation, disinformation and the creation of false expectations can undermine the reinsertion and reintegration efforts of DDR programmes. Accurate information should be provided by the DDR team and partners (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Those about to leave the demobilization site should be provided with counselling on what to expect regarding their changed status and role in society, and what they can do if they are stigmatized or not accepted back by their communities. They should also receive advice on political and legal issues, civic and community responsibilities, reconciliation initiatives and logistics for transportation when they leave the demobilization site. Demobilized individuals and their dependants may be reluctant to return to their home areas if members of their former group (or a different group) remain active in the region. This is because they may fear retaliation against themselves and\/or their families. This possibility should be addressed through a security and risk assessment (see section 5.5). When retaliation is a possibility, those affected should be informed of the risks and supported to find alternative accommodation in a different location (if they so choose). Where possible, specialized confidential counselling should be offered, to avoid peer pressure and promote the independence of each demobilized individual.Sensitization sessions can be an essential part of supporting the transition from military to civilian life and preparing DDR participants for their return to families and communities. Core sensitization may include sessions on: \\n Reproductive health, including HIV\/AIDS and STI awareness raising; \\n Psychosocial education and awareness raising, including the symptoms associated with post- traumatic stress, destigmatizing experiences, education on managing stress responses, navigating discussions with families and host communities, and when to seek help; \\n Conflict resolution, non-violent communication and anger management; \\n Human rights, including women\u2019s and children\u2019s rights; \\n Parenting, for both fathers and mothers; \\n Gender, for both men and women, including discussion on gender identities and how they may be impacted by the conflict, as well as roles and responsibilities in armed forces and groups and in the community (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); and \\n First aid or other key skills. \\n\\n See Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for additional guidance on SGBV mitigation and response during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":991, "Sentence":"Conversely, misinformation, disinformation and the creation of false expectations can undermine the reinsertion and reintegration efforts of DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization conversely misinformation disinformation creation false expectation undermine reinsertion reintegration effort ddr programme ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.5 Awareness raising and sensitization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Demobilization operations provide an opportunity to offer individuals information that can practically and psychologically prepare them for the transition from military to civilian life. For example, if demobilized individuals are to receive reinsertion support (cash, vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, etc.), then the modalities of this support should be clearly explained. Furthermore, if reinsertion assistance is to be followed by reintegration support, orientation sessions should include information on the opportunities and support services available as part of the reintegration programme and how these can be accessed.Awareness-raising materials and educational sessions should leverage opportunities to promote healthy, non-violent gender identities, including fatherhood, and to showcase men and women in equal roles in the community. Materials shall also be visually representative of different religious, ethnic, and racial compositions of the community and promote social cohesion among all groups and genders. Conversely, misinformation, disinformation and the creation of false expectations can undermine the reinsertion and reintegration efforts of DDR programmes. Accurate information should be provided by the DDR team and partners (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Those about to leave the demobilization site should be provided with counselling on what to expect regarding their changed status and role in society, and what they can do if they are stigmatized or not accepted back by their communities. They should also receive advice on political and legal issues, civic and community responsibilities, reconciliation initiatives and logistics for transportation when they leave the demobilization site. Demobilized individuals and their dependants may be reluctant to return to their home areas if members of their former group (or a different group) remain active in the region. This is because they may fear retaliation against themselves and\/or their families. This possibility should be addressed through a security and risk assessment (see section 5.5). When retaliation is a possibility, those affected should be informed of the risks and supported to find alternative accommodation in a different location (if they so choose). Where possible, specialized confidential counselling should be offered, to avoid peer pressure and promote the independence of each demobilized individual.Sensitization sessions can be an essential part of supporting the transition from military to civilian life and preparing DDR participants for their return to families and communities. Core sensitization may include sessions on: \\n Reproductive health, including HIV\/AIDS and STI awareness raising; \\n Psychosocial education and awareness raising, including the symptoms associated with post- traumatic stress, destigmatizing experiences, education on managing stress responses, navigating discussions with families and host communities, and when to seek help; \\n Conflict resolution, non-violent communication and anger management; \\n Human rights, including women\u2019s and children\u2019s rights; \\n Parenting, for both fathers and mothers; \\n Gender, for both men and women, including discussion on gender identities and how they may be impacted by the conflict, as well as roles and responsibilities in armed forces and groups and in the community (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); and \\n First aid or other key skills. \\n\\n See Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for additional guidance on SGBV mitigation and response during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":991, "Sentence":"Accurate information should be provided by the DDR team and partners (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Those about to leave the demobilization site should be provided with counselling on what to expect regarding their changed status and role in society, and what they can do if they are stigmatized or not accepted back by their communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization accurate information provided ddr team partner also see iddrs 4.60 public information strategic communication support ddr.those leave demobilization site provided counselling expect regarding changed status role society stigmatized accepted back community ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.5 Awareness raising and sensitization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Demobilization operations provide an opportunity to offer individuals information that can practically and psychologically prepare them for the transition from military to civilian life. For example, if demobilized individuals are to receive reinsertion support (cash, vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, etc.), then the modalities of this support should be clearly explained. Furthermore, if reinsertion assistance is to be followed by reintegration support, orientation sessions should include information on the opportunities and support services available as part of the reintegration programme and how these can be accessed.Awareness-raising materials and educational sessions should leverage opportunities to promote healthy, non-violent gender identities, including fatherhood, and to showcase men and women in equal roles in the community. Materials shall also be visually representative of different religious, ethnic, and racial compositions of the community and promote social cohesion among all groups and genders. Conversely, misinformation, disinformation and the creation of false expectations can undermine the reinsertion and reintegration efforts of DDR programmes. Accurate information should be provided by the DDR team and partners (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Those about to leave the demobilization site should be provided with counselling on what to expect regarding their changed status and role in society, and what they can do if they are stigmatized or not accepted back by their communities. They should also receive advice on political and legal issues, civic and community responsibilities, reconciliation initiatives and logistics for transportation when they leave the demobilization site. Demobilized individuals and their dependants may be reluctant to return to their home areas if members of their former group (or a different group) remain active in the region. This is because they may fear retaliation against themselves and\/or their families. This possibility should be addressed through a security and risk assessment (see section 5.5). When retaliation is a possibility, those affected should be informed of the risks and supported to find alternative accommodation in a different location (if they so choose). Where possible, specialized confidential counselling should be offered, to avoid peer pressure and promote the independence of each demobilized individual.Sensitization sessions can be an essential part of supporting the transition from military to civilian life and preparing DDR participants for their return to families and communities. Core sensitization may include sessions on: \\n Reproductive health, including HIV\/AIDS and STI awareness raising; \\n Psychosocial education and awareness raising, including the symptoms associated with post- traumatic stress, destigmatizing experiences, education on managing stress responses, navigating discussions with families and host communities, and when to seek help; \\n Conflict resolution, non-violent communication and anger management; \\n Human rights, including women\u2019s and children\u2019s rights; \\n Parenting, for both fathers and mothers; \\n Gender, for both men and women, including discussion on gender identities and how they may be impacted by the conflict, as well as roles and responsibilities in armed forces and groups and in the community (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); and \\n First aid or other key skills. \\n\\n See Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for additional guidance on SGBV mitigation and response during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":991, "Sentence":"They should also receive advice on political and legal issues, civic and community responsibilities, reconciliation initiatives and logistics for transportation when they leave the demobilization site.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization also receive advice political legal issue civic community responsibility reconciliation initiative logistics transportation leave demobilization site ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.5 Awareness raising and sensitization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Demobilization operations provide an opportunity to offer individuals information that can practically and psychologically prepare them for the transition from military to civilian life. For example, if demobilized individuals are to receive reinsertion support (cash, vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, etc.), then the modalities of this support should be clearly explained. Furthermore, if reinsertion assistance is to be followed by reintegration support, orientation sessions should include information on the opportunities and support services available as part of the reintegration programme and how these can be accessed.Awareness-raising materials and educational sessions should leverage opportunities to promote healthy, non-violent gender identities, including fatherhood, and to showcase men and women in equal roles in the community. Materials shall also be visually representative of different religious, ethnic, and racial compositions of the community and promote social cohesion among all groups and genders. Conversely, misinformation, disinformation and the creation of false expectations can undermine the reinsertion and reintegration efforts of DDR programmes. Accurate information should be provided by the DDR team and partners (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Those about to leave the demobilization site should be provided with counselling on what to expect regarding their changed status and role in society, and what they can do if they are stigmatized or not accepted back by their communities. They should also receive advice on political and legal issues, civic and community responsibilities, reconciliation initiatives and logistics for transportation when they leave the demobilization site. Demobilized individuals and their dependants may be reluctant to return to their home areas if members of their former group (or a different group) remain active in the region. This is because they may fear retaliation against themselves and\/or their families. This possibility should be addressed through a security and risk assessment (see section 5.5). When retaliation is a possibility, those affected should be informed of the risks and supported to find alternative accommodation in a different location (if they so choose). Where possible, specialized confidential counselling should be offered, to avoid peer pressure and promote the independence of each demobilized individual.Sensitization sessions can be an essential part of supporting the transition from military to civilian life and preparing DDR participants for their return to families and communities. Core sensitization may include sessions on: \\n Reproductive health, including HIV\/AIDS and STI awareness raising; \\n Psychosocial education and awareness raising, including the symptoms associated with post- traumatic stress, destigmatizing experiences, education on managing stress responses, navigating discussions with families and host communities, and when to seek help; \\n Conflict resolution, non-violent communication and anger management; \\n Human rights, including women\u2019s and children\u2019s rights; \\n Parenting, for both fathers and mothers; \\n Gender, for both men and women, including discussion on gender identities and how they may be impacted by the conflict, as well as roles and responsibilities in armed forces and groups and in the community (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); and \\n First aid or other key skills. \\n\\n See Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for additional guidance on SGBV mitigation and response during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":991, "Sentence":"Demobilized individuals and their dependants may be reluctant to return to their home areas if members of their former group (or a different group) remain active in the region.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilized individual dependant may reluctant return home area member former group different group remain active region ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.5 Awareness raising and sensitization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Demobilization operations provide an opportunity to offer individuals information that can practically and psychologically prepare them for the transition from military to civilian life. For example, if demobilized individuals are to receive reinsertion support (cash, vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, etc.), then the modalities of this support should be clearly explained. Furthermore, if reinsertion assistance is to be followed by reintegration support, orientation sessions should include information on the opportunities and support services available as part of the reintegration programme and how these can be accessed.Awareness-raising materials and educational sessions should leverage opportunities to promote healthy, non-violent gender identities, including fatherhood, and to showcase men and women in equal roles in the community. Materials shall also be visually representative of different religious, ethnic, and racial compositions of the community and promote social cohesion among all groups and genders. Conversely, misinformation, disinformation and the creation of false expectations can undermine the reinsertion and reintegration efforts of DDR programmes. Accurate information should be provided by the DDR team and partners (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Those about to leave the demobilization site should be provided with counselling on what to expect regarding their changed status and role in society, and what they can do if they are stigmatized or not accepted back by their communities. They should also receive advice on political and legal issues, civic and community responsibilities, reconciliation initiatives and logistics for transportation when they leave the demobilization site. Demobilized individuals and their dependants may be reluctant to return to their home areas if members of their former group (or a different group) remain active in the region. This is because they may fear retaliation against themselves and\/or their families. This possibility should be addressed through a security and risk assessment (see section 5.5). When retaliation is a possibility, those affected should be informed of the risks and supported to find alternative accommodation in a different location (if they so choose). Where possible, specialized confidential counselling should be offered, to avoid peer pressure and promote the independence of each demobilized individual.Sensitization sessions can be an essential part of supporting the transition from military to civilian life and preparing DDR participants for their return to families and communities. Core sensitization may include sessions on: \\n Reproductive health, including HIV\/AIDS and STI awareness raising; \\n Psychosocial education and awareness raising, including the symptoms associated with post- traumatic stress, destigmatizing experiences, education on managing stress responses, navigating discussions with families and host communities, and when to seek help; \\n Conflict resolution, non-violent communication and anger management; \\n Human rights, including women\u2019s and children\u2019s rights; \\n Parenting, for both fathers and mothers; \\n Gender, for both men and women, including discussion on gender identities and how they may be impacted by the conflict, as well as roles and responsibilities in armed forces and groups and in the community (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); and \\n First aid or other key skills. \\n\\n See Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for additional guidance on SGBV mitigation and response during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":991, "Sentence":"This is because they may fear retaliation against themselves and\/or their families.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization may fear retaliation and\/or family ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.5 Awareness raising and sensitization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Demobilization operations provide an opportunity to offer individuals information that can practically and psychologically prepare them for the transition from military to civilian life. For example, if demobilized individuals are to receive reinsertion support (cash, vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, etc.), then the modalities of this support should be clearly explained. Furthermore, if reinsertion assistance is to be followed by reintegration support, orientation sessions should include information on the opportunities and support services available as part of the reintegration programme and how these can be accessed.Awareness-raising materials and educational sessions should leverage opportunities to promote healthy, non-violent gender identities, including fatherhood, and to showcase men and women in equal roles in the community. Materials shall also be visually representative of different religious, ethnic, and racial compositions of the community and promote social cohesion among all groups and genders. Conversely, misinformation, disinformation and the creation of false expectations can undermine the reinsertion and reintegration efforts of DDR programmes. Accurate information should be provided by the DDR team and partners (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Those about to leave the demobilization site should be provided with counselling on what to expect regarding their changed status and role in society, and what they can do if they are stigmatized or not accepted back by their communities. They should also receive advice on political and legal issues, civic and community responsibilities, reconciliation initiatives and logistics for transportation when they leave the demobilization site. Demobilized individuals and their dependants may be reluctant to return to their home areas if members of their former group (or a different group) remain active in the region. This is because they may fear retaliation against themselves and\/or their families. This possibility should be addressed through a security and risk assessment (see section 5.5). When retaliation is a possibility, those affected should be informed of the risks and supported to find alternative accommodation in a different location (if they so choose). Where possible, specialized confidential counselling should be offered, to avoid peer pressure and promote the independence of each demobilized individual.Sensitization sessions can be an essential part of supporting the transition from military to civilian life and preparing DDR participants for their return to families and communities. Core sensitization may include sessions on: \\n Reproductive health, including HIV\/AIDS and STI awareness raising; \\n Psychosocial education and awareness raising, including the symptoms associated with post- traumatic stress, destigmatizing experiences, education on managing stress responses, navigating discussions with families and host communities, and when to seek help; \\n Conflict resolution, non-violent communication and anger management; \\n Human rights, including women\u2019s and children\u2019s rights; \\n Parenting, for both fathers and mothers; \\n Gender, for both men and women, including discussion on gender identities and how they may be impacted by the conflict, as well as roles and responsibilities in armed forces and groups and in the community (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); and \\n First aid or other key skills. \\n\\n See Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for additional guidance on SGBV mitigation and response during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":991, "Sentence":"This possibility should be addressed through a security and risk assessment (see section 5.5).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization possibility addressed security risk assessment see section 5.5 ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.5 Awareness raising and sensitization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Demobilization operations provide an opportunity to offer individuals information that can practically and psychologically prepare them for the transition from military to civilian life. For example, if demobilized individuals are to receive reinsertion support (cash, vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, etc.), then the modalities of this support should be clearly explained. Furthermore, if reinsertion assistance is to be followed by reintegration support, orientation sessions should include information on the opportunities and support services available as part of the reintegration programme and how these can be accessed.Awareness-raising materials and educational sessions should leverage opportunities to promote healthy, non-violent gender identities, including fatherhood, and to showcase men and women in equal roles in the community. Materials shall also be visually representative of different religious, ethnic, and racial compositions of the community and promote social cohesion among all groups and genders. Conversely, misinformation, disinformation and the creation of false expectations can undermine the reinsertion and reintegration efforts of DDR programmes. Accurate information should be provided by the DDR team and partners (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Those about to leave the demobilization site should be provided with counselling on what to expect regarding their changed status and role in society, and what they can do if they are stigmatized or not accepted back by their communities. They should also receive advice on political and legal issues, civic and community responsibilities, reconciliation initiatives and logistics for transportation when they leave the demobilization site. Demobilized individuals and their dependants may be reluctant to return to their home areas if members of their former group (or a different group) remain active in the region. This is because they may fear retaliation against themselves and\/or their families. This possibility should be addressed through a security and risk assessment (see section 5.5). When retaliation is a possibility, those affected should be informed of the risks and supported to find alternative accommodation in a different location (if they so choose). Where possible, specialized confidential counselling should be offered, to avoid peer pressure and promote the independence of each demobilized individual.Sensitization sessions can be an essential part of supporting the transition from military to civilian life and preparing DDR participants for their return to families and communities. Core sensitization may include sessions on: \\n Reproductive health, including HIV\/AIDS and STI awareness raising; \\n Psychosocial education and awareness raising, including the symptoms associated with post- traumatic stress, destigmatizing experiences, education on managing stress responses, navigating discussions with families and host communities, and when to seek help; \\n Conflict resolution, non-violent communication and anger management; \\n Human rights, including women\u2019s and children\u2019s rights; \\n Parenting, for both fathers and mothers; \\n Gender, for both men and women, including discussion on gender identities and how they may be impacted by the conflict, as well as roles and responsibilities in armed forces and groups and in the community (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); and \\n First aid or other key skills. \\n\\n See Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for additional guidance on SGBV mitigation and response during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":991, "Sentence":"When retaliation is a possibility, those affected should be informed of the risks and supported to find alternative accommodation in a different location (if they so choose).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization retaliation possibility affected informed risk supported find alternative accommodation different location choose ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.5 Awareness raising and sensitization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Demobilization operations provide an opportunity to offer individuals information that can practically and psychologically prepare them for the transition from military to civilian life. For example, if demobilized individuals are to receive reinsertion support (cash, vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, etc.), then the modalities of this support should be clearly explained. Furthermore, if reinsertion assistance is to be followed by reintegration support, orientation sessions should include information on the opportunities and support services available as part of the reintegration programme and how these can be accessed.Awareness-raising materials and educational sessions should leverage opportunities to promote healthy, non-violent gender identities, including fatherhood, and to showcase men and women in equal roles in the community. Materials shall also be visually representative of different religious, ethnic, and racial compositions of the community and promote social cohesion among all groups and genders. Conversely, misinformation, disinformation and the creation of false expectations can undermine the reinsertion and reintegration efforts of DDR programmes. Accurate information should be provided by the DDR team and partners (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Those about to leave the demobilization site should be provided with counselling on what to expect regarding their changed status and role in society, and what they can do if they are stigmatized or not accepted back by their communities. They should also receive advice on political and legal issues, civic and community responsibilities, reconciliation initiatives and logistics for transportation when they leave the demobilization site. Demobilized individuals and their dependants may be reluctant to return to their home areas if members of their former group (or a different group) remain active in the region. This is because they may fear retaliation against themselves and\/or their families. This possibility should be addressed through a security and risk assessment (see section 5.5). When retaliation is a possibility, those affected should be informed of the risks and supported to find alternative accommodation in a different location (if they so choose). Where possible, specialized confidential counselling should be offered, to avoid peer pressure and promote the independence of each demobilized individual.Sensitization sessions can be an essential part of supporting the transition from military to civilian life and preparing DDR participants for their return to families and communities. Core sensitization may include sessions on: \\n Reproductive health, including HIV\/AIDS and STI awareness raising; \\n Psychosocial education and awareness raising, including the symptoms associated with post- traumatic stress, destigmatizing experiences, education on managing stress responses, navigating discussions with families and host communities, and when to seek help; \\n Conflict resolution, non-violent communication and anger management; \\n Human rights, including women\u2019s and children\u2019s rights; \\n Parenting, for both fathers and mothers; \\n Gender, for both men and women, including discussion on gender identities and how they may be impacted by the conflict, as well as roles and responsibilities in armed forces and groups and in the community (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); and \\n First aid or other key skills. \\n\\n See Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for additional guidance on SGBV mitigation and response during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":991, "Sentence":"Where possible, specialized confidential counselling should be offered, to avoid peer pressure and promote the independence of each demobilized individual.Sensitization sessions can be an essential part of supporting the transition from military to civilian life and preparing DDR participants for their return to families and communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization possible specialized confidential counselling offered avoid peer pressure promote independence demobilized individual.sensitization session essential part supporting transition military civilian life preparing ddr participant return family community ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.5 Awareness raising and sensitization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Demobilization operations provide an opportunity to offer individuals information that can practically and psychologically prepare them for the transition from military to civilian life. For example, if demobilized individuals are to receive reinsertion support (cash, vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, etc.), then the modalities of this support should be clearly explained. Furthermore, if reinsertion assistance is to be followed by reintegration support, orientation sessions should include information on the opportunities and support services available as part of the reintegration programme and how these can be accessed.Awareness-raising materials and educational sessions should leverage opportunities to promote healthy, non-violent gender identities, including fatherhood, and to showcase men and women in equal roles in the community. Materials shall also be visually representative of different religious, ethnic, and racial compositions of the community and promote social cohesion among all groups and genders. Conversely, misinformation, disinformation and the creation of false expectations can undermine the reinsertion and reintegration efforts of DDR programmes. Accurate information should be provided by the DDR team and partners (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Those about to leave the demobilization site should be provided with counselling on what to expect regarding their changed status and role in society, and what they can do if they are stigmatized or not accepted back by their communities. They should also receive advice on political and legal issues, civic and community responsibilities, reconciliation initiatives and logistics for transportation when they leave the demobilization site. Demobilized individuals and their dependants may be reluctant to return to their home areas if members of their former group (or a different group) remain active in the region. This is because they may fear retaliation against themselves and\/or their families. This possibility should be addressed through a security and risk assessment (see section 5.5). When retaliation is a possibility, those affected should be informed of the risks and supported to find alternative accommodation in a different location (if they so choose). Where possible, specialized confidential counselling should be offered, to avoid peer pressure and promote the independence of each demobilized individual.Sensitization sessions can be an essential part of supporting the transition from military to civilian life and preparing DDR participants for their return to families and communities. Core sensitization may include sessions on: \\n Reproductive health, including HIV\/AIDS and STI awareness raising; \\n Psychosocial education and awareness raising, including the symptoms associated with post- traumatic stress, destigmatizing experiences, education on managing stress responses, navigating discussions with families and host communities, and when to seek help; \\n Conflict resolution, non-violent communication and anger management; \\n Human rights, including women\u2019s and children\u2019s rights; \\n Parenting, for both fathers and mothers; \\n Gender, for both men and women, including discussion on gender identities and how they may be impacted by the conflict, as well as roles and responsibilities in armed forces and groups and in the community (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); and \\n First aid or other key skills. \\n\\n See Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for additional guidance on SGBV mitigation and response during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":991, "Sentence":"Core sensitization may include sessions on: \\n Reproductive health, including HIV\/AIDS and STI awareness raising; \\n Psychosocial education and awareness raising, including the symptoms associated with post- traumatic stress, destigmatizing experiences, education on managing stress responses, navigating discussions with families and host communities, and when to seek help; \\n Conflict resolution, non-violent communication and anger management; \\n Human rights, including women\u2019s and children\u2019s rights; \\n Parenting, for both fathers and mothers; \\n Gender, for both men and women, including discussion on gender identities and how they may be impacted by the conflict, as well as roles and responsibilities in armed forces and groups and in the community (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); and \\n First aid or other key skills.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization core sensitization may include session n reproductive health including hiv\/aids sti awareness raising n psychosocial education awareness raising including symptom associated post traumatic stress destigmatizing experience education managing stress response navigating discussion family host community seek help n conflict resolution nonviolent communication anger management n human right including woman \u2019 child \u2019 right n parenting father mother n gender men woman including discussion gender identity may impacted conflict well role responsibility armed force group community see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr n first aid key skill ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.5 Awareness raising and sensitization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Demobilization operations provide an opportunity to offer individuals information that can practically and psychologically prepare them for the transition from military to civilian life. For example, if demobilized individuals are to receive reinsertion support (cash, vouchers, in-kind support, public works programmes, etc.), then the modalities of this support should be clearly explained. Furthermore, if reinsertion assistance is to be followed by reintegration support, orientation sessions should include information on the opportunities and support services available as part of the reintegration programme and how these can be accessed.Awareness-raising materials and educational sessions should leverage opportunities to promote healthy, non-violent gender identities, including fatherhood, and to showcase men and women in equal roles in the community. Materials shall also be visually representative of different religious, ethnic, and racial compositions of the community and promote social cohesion among all groups and genders. Conversely, misinformation, disinformation and the creation of false expectations can undermine the reinsertion and reintegration efforts of DDR programmes. Accurate information should be provided by the DDR team and partners (also see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).Those about to leave the demobilization site should be provided with counselling on what to expect regarding their changed status and role in society, and what they can do if they are stigmatized or not accepted back by their communities. They should also receive advice on political and legal issues, civic and community responsibilities, reconciliation initiatives and logistics for transportation when they leave the demobilization site. Demobilized individuals and their dependants may be reluctant to return to their home areas if members of their former group (or a different group) remain active in the region. This is because they may fear retaliation against themselves and\/or their families. This possibility should be addressed through a security and risk assessment (see section 5.5). When retaliation is a possibility, those affected should be informed of the risks and supported to find alternative accommodation in a different location (if they so choose). Where possible, specialized confidential counselling should be offered, to avoid peer pressure and promote the independence of each demobilized individual.Sensitization sessions can be an essential part of supporting the transition from military to civilian life and preparing DDR participants for their return to families and communities. Core sensitization may include sessions on: \\n Reproductive health, including HIV\/AIDS and STI awareness raising; \\n Psychosocial education and awareness raising, including the symptoms associated with post- traumatic stress, destigmatizing experiences, education on managing stress responses, navigating discussions with families and host communities, and when to seek help; \\n Conflict resolution, non-violent communication and anger management; \\n Human rights, including women\u2019s and children\u2019s rights; \\n Parenting, for both fathers and mothers; \\n Gender, for both men and women, including discussion on gender identities and how they may be impacted by the conflict, as well as roles and responsibilities in armed forces and groups and in the community (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR); and \\n First aid or other key skills. \\n\\n See Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for additional guidance on SGBV mitigation and response during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":991, "Sentence":"\\n\\n See Module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR for additional guidance on SGBV mitigation and response during demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization nn see module 5.10 woman gender ddr additional guidance sgbv mitigation response demobilization ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.6 Documentation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR participants shall be registered and issued a non-transferable identity document (such as a photographic demobilization card) that attests to their eligibility and their official civilian status. Such documents have important symbolic and legal value for demobilized individuals. Demobilized individuals should be required to present them in order to access DDR-related entitlements in subsequent phases of the DDR programme. To avoid discrimination based on prior factional affiliation, these documents should not include the name of the armed force or group of which the individual was previously a member. Wherever demobilization is carried out, whether in temporary or semi-permanent sites, provisions should be made to ensure that information can be entered into a case management system and that demobilization papers\/identity documents can be printed on site.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":992, "Sentence":"DDR participants shall be registered and issued a non-transferable identity document (such as a photographic demobilization card) that attests to their eligibility and their official civilian status.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization ddr participant shall registered issued nontransferable identity document photographic demobilization card attests eligibility official civilian status ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.6 Documentation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR participants shall be registered and issued a non-transferable identity document (such as a photographic demobilization card) that attests to their eligibility and their official civilian status. Such documents have important symbolic and legal value for demobilized individuals. Demobilized individuals should be required to present them in order to access DDR-related entitlements in subsequent phases of the DDR programme. To avoid discrimination based on prior factional affiliation, these documents should not include the name of the armed force or group of which the individual was previously a member. Wherever demobilization is carried out, whether in temporary or semi-permanent sites, provisions should be made to ensure that information can be entered into a case management system and that demobilization papers\/identity documents can be printed on site.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":992, "Sentence":"Such documents have important symbolic and legal value for demobilized individuals.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization document important symbolic legal value demobilized individual ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.6 Documentation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR participants shall be registered and issued a non-transferable identity document (such as a photographic demobilization card) that attests to their eligibility and their official civilian status. Such documents have important symbolic and legal value for demobilized individuals. Demobilized individuals should be required to present them in order to access DDR-related entitlements in subsequent phases of the DDR programme. To avoid discrimination based on prior factional affiliation, these documents should not include the name of the armed force or group of which the individual was previously a member. Wherever demobilization is carried out, whether in temporary or semi-permanent sites, provisions should be made to ensure that information can be entered into a case management system and that demobilization papers\/identity documents can be printed on site.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":992, "Sentence":"Demobilized individuals should be required to present them in order to access DDR-related entitlements in subsequent phases of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilized individual required present order access ddrrelated entitlement subsequent phase ddr programme ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.6 Documentation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR participants shall be registered and issued a non-transferable identity document (such as a photographic demobilization card) that attests to their eligibility and their official civilian status. Such documents have important symbolic and legal value for demobilized individuals. Demobilized individuals should be required to present them in order to access DDR-related entitlements in subsequent phases of the DDR programme. To avoid discrimination based on prior factional affiliation, these documents should not include the name of the armed force or group of which the individual was previously a member. Wherever demobilization is carried out, whether in temporary or semi-permanent sites, provisions should be made to ensure that information can be entered into a case management system and that demobilization papers\/identity documents can be printed on site.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":992, "Sentence":"To avoid discrimination based on prior factional affiliation, these documents should not include the name of the armed force or group of which the individual was previously a member.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization avoid discrimination based prior factional affiliation document include name armed force group individual previously member ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.6 Documentation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR participants shall be registered and issued a non-transferable identity document (such as a photographic demobilization card) that attests to their eligibility and their official civilian status. Such documents have important symbolic and legal value for demobilized individuals. Demobilized individuals should be required to present them in order to access DDR-related entitlements in subsequent phases of the DDR programme. To avoid discrimination based on prior factional affiliation, these documents should not include the name of the armed force or group of which the individual was previously a member. Wherever demobilization is carried out, whether in temporary or semi-permanent sites, provisions should be made to ensure that information can be entered into a case management system and that demobilization papers\/identity documents can be printed on site.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":992, "Sentence":"Wherever demobilization is carried out, whether in temporary or semi-permanent sites, provisions should be made to ensure that information can be entered into a case management system and that demobilization papers\/identity documents can be printed on site.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization wherever demobilization carried whether temporary semipermanent site provision made ensure information entered case management system demobilization papers\/identity document printed site ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.7 Transportation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners may provide transport to DDR participants to assist them to return to their communities. The logistical implications of providing transport must be taken into account. It will not be possible for all ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to be transported to their final destination. A mixture of transport to certain key locations and funding for onward transport may therefore be required. Cash for transport may be given as part of transitional reinsertion assistance (see section 7). Specific attention shall be paid to the safe transport of women and minorities to their final destination, recognizing the unique security threats they may face.If transport is provided in UN vehicles, authorizations from UN administration and waivers for passengers need to be signed. DDR practitioners should arrange pre-signed authorizations and waivers in order to avoid last-minute blockages and delays. Alternatively, private companies and\/or other implementing partners may be subcontracted to provide transport.In cases where it is necessary to repatriate foreign ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, transportation arrangements will need to be adjusted to involve national authorities from these individuals\u2019 countries of origin as well as other sub-regional organizations and mechanisms (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":993, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners may provide transport to DDR participants to assist them to return to their communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization ddr practitioner may provide transport ddr participant assist return community ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.7 Transportation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners may provide transport to DDR participants to assist them to return to their communities. The logistical implications of providing transport must be taken into account. It will not be possible for all ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to be transported to their final destination. A mixture of transport to certain key locations and funding for onward transport may therefore be required. Cash for transport may be given as part of transitional reinsertion assistance (see section 7). Specific attention shall be paid to the safe transport of women and minorities to their final destination, recognizing the unique security threats they may face.If transport is provided in UN vehicles, authorizations from UN administration and waivers for passengers need to be signed. DDR practitioners should arrange pre-signed authorizations and waivers in order to avoid last-minute blockages and delays. Alternatively, private companies and\/or other implementing partners may be subcontracted to provide transport.In cases where it is necessary to repatriate foreign ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, transportation arrangements will need to be adjusted to involve national authorities from these individuals\u2019 countries of origin as well as other sub-regional organizations and mechanisms (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":993, "Sentence":"The logistical implications of providing transport must be taken into account.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization logistical implication providing transport must taken account ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.7 Transportation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners may provide transport to DDR participants to assist them to return to their communities. The logistical implications of providing transport must be taken into account. It will not be possible for all ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to be transported to their final destination. A mixture of transport to certain key locations and funding for onward transport may therefore be required. Cash for transport may be given as part of transitional reinsertion assistance (see section 7). Specific attention shall be paid to the safe transport of women and minorities to their final destination, recognizing the unique security threats they may face.If transport is provided in UN vehicles, authorizations from UN administration and waivers for passengers need to be signed. DDR practitioners should arrange pre-signed authorizations and waivers in order to avoid last-minute blockages and delays. Alternatively, private companies and\/or other implementing partners may be subcontracted to provide transport.In cases where it is necessary to repatriate foreign ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, transportation arrangements will need to be adjusted to involve national authorities from these individuals\u2019 countries of origin as well as other sub-regional organizations and mechanisms (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":993, "Sentence":"It will not be possible for all ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to be transported to their final destination.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization possible excombatants person formerly associated armed force group transported final destination ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.7 Transportation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners may provide transport to DDR participants to assist them to return to their communities. The logistical implications of providing transport must be taken into account. It will not be possible for all ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to be transported to their final destination. A mixture of transport to certain key locations and funding for onward transport may therefore be required. Cash for transport may be given as part of transitional reinsertion assistance (see section 7). Specific attention shall be paid to the safe transport of women and minorities to their final destination, recognizing the unique security threats they may face.If transport is provided in UN vehicles, authorizations from UN administration and waivers for passengers need to be signed. DDR practitioners should arrange pre-signed authorizations and waivers in order to avoid last-minute blockages and delays. Alternatively, private companies and\/or other implementing partners may be subcontracted to provide transport.In cases where it is necessary to repatriate foreign ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, transportation arrangements will need to be adjusted to involve national authorities from these individuals\u2019 countries of origin as well as other sub-regional organizations and mechanisms (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":993, "Sentence":"A mixture of transport to certain key locations and funding for onward transport may therefore be required.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization mixture transport certain key location funding onward transport may therefore required ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.7 Transportation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners may provide transport to DDR participants to assist them to return to their communities. The logistical implications of providing transport must be taken into account. It will not be possible for all ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to be transported to their final destination. A mixture of transport to certain key locations and funding for onward transport may therefore be required. Cash for transport may be given as part of transitional reinsertion assistance (see section 7). Specific attention shall be paid to the safe transport of women and minorities to their final destination, recognizing the unique security threats they may face.If transport is provided in UN vehicles, authorizations from UN administration and waivers for passengers need to be signed. DDR practitioners should arrange pre-signed authorizations and waivers in order to avoid last-minute blockages and delays. Alternatively, private companies and\/or other implementing partners may be subcontracted to provide transport.In cases where it is necessary to repatriate foreign ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, transportation arrangements will need to be adjusted to involve national authorities from these individuals\u2019 countries of origin as well as other sub-regional organizations and mechanisms (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":993, "Sentence":"Cash for transport may be given as part of transitional reinsertion assistance (see section 7).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization cash transport may given part transitional reinsertion assistance see section 7 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.7 Transportation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners may provide transport to DDR participants to assist them to return to their communities. The logistical implications of providing transport must be taken into account. It will not be possible for all ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to be transported to their final destination. A mixture of transport to certain key locations and funding for onward transport may therefore be required. Cash for transport may be given as part of transitional reinsertion assistance (see section 7). Specific attention shall be paid to the safe transport of women and minorities to their final destination, recognizing the unique security threats they may face.If transport is provided in UN vehicles, authorizations from UN administration and waivers for passengers need to be signed. DDR practitioners should arrange pre-signed authorizations and waivers in order to avoid last-minute blockages and delays. Alternatively, private companies and\/or other implementing partners may be subcontracted to provide transport.In cases where it is necessary to repatriate foreign ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, transportation arrangements will need to be adjusted to involve national authorities from these individuals\u2019 countries of origin as well as other sub-regional organizations and mechanisms (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":993, "Sentence":"Specific attention shall be paid to the safe transport of women and minorities to their final destination, recognizing the unique security threats they may face.If transport is provided in UN vehicles, authorizations from UN administration and waivers for passengers need to be signed.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization specific attention shall paid safe transport woman minority final destination recognizing unique security threat may face.if transport provided un vehicle authorization un administration waiver passenger need signed ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.7 Transportation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners may provide transport to DDR participants to assist them to return to their communities. The logistical implications of providing transport must be taken into account. It will not be possible for all ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to be transported to their final destination. A mixture of transport to certain key locations and funding for onward transport may therefore be required. Cash for transport may be given as part of transitional reinsertion assistance (see section 7). Specific attention shall be paid to the safe transport of women and minorities to their final destination, recognizing the unique security threats they may face.If transport is provided in UN vehicles, authorizations from UN administration and waivers for passengers need to be signed. DDR practitioners should arrange pre-signed authorizations and waivers in order to avoid last-minute blockages and delays. Alternatively, private companies and\/or other implementing partners may be subcontracted to provide transport.In cases where it is necessary to repatriate foreign ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, transportation arrangements will need to be adjusted to involve national authorities from these individuals\u2019 countries of origin as well as other sub-regional organizations and mechanisms (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":993, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should arrange pre-signed authorizations and waivers in order to avoid last-minute blockages and delays.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization ddr practitioner arrange presigned authorization waiver order avoid lastminute blockage delay ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.7 Transportation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners may provide transport to DDR participants to assist them to return to their communities. The logistical implications of providing transport must be taken into account. It will not be possible for all ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to be transported to their final destination. A mixture of transport to certain key locations and funding for onward transport may therefore be required. Cash for transport may be given as part of transitional reinsertion assistance (see section 7). Specific attention shall be paid to the safe transport of women and minorities to their final destination, recognizing the unique security threats they may face.If transport is provided in UN vehicles, authorizations from UN administration and waivers for passengers need to be signed. DDR practitioners should arrange pre-signed authorizations and waivers in order to avoid last-minute blockages and delays. Alternatively, private companies and\/or other implementing partners may be subcontracted to provide transport.In cases where it is necessary to repatriate foreign ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, transportation arrangements will need to be adjusted to involve national authorities from these individuals\u2019 countries of origin as well as other sub-regional organizations and mechanisms (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":993, "Sentence":"Alternatively, private companies and\/or other implementing partners may be subcontracted to provide transport.In cases where it is necessary to repatriate foreign ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, transportation arrangements will need to be adjusted to involve national authorities from these individuals\u2019 countries of origin as well as other sub-regional organizations and mechanisms (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization alternatively private company and\/or implementing partner may subcontracted provide transport.in case necessary repatriate foreign excombatants person formerly associated armed force group transportation arrangement need adjusted involve national authority individual \u2019 country origin well subregional organization mechanism see iddrs 5.40 crossborder population movement ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.8 Case management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Information from the demobilization operation (registration data, information related to screening and profiling, etc.), should be recorded in a secure case management system (or \u2018database\u2019). A case management system enables DDR practitioners to track assistance and progress at the individual level, and to analyse the data as a whole to identify good practices; flag problem areas; and understand how geography, gender and other variables influence demobilization and reintegration outcomes (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Processes).DDR case management systems shall be the property of the national Government but may sometimes be managed by the United Nations and handed over to the national authorities when the DDR process is complete. Which stakeholders and individuals have access to all (or some) of the data in the case management system should be agreed upon when the system is established so that necessary data protections (such as different levels of password protection) can be built in. The establishment of an effective and reliable means of case management is essential to the entire DDR programme, and is necessary to track the reinsertion and reintegration of DDR participants and follow up on protection and human rights issues. A good-quality case management system should be installed, tested and secured before DDR programmes begin. This system should be mobile, suitable for use in the field, cross-referenced and able to provide DDR teams with a clear aggregate picture of the DDR programme (including how many individuals have been processed). In all cases, security and data protections are imperative, but this is especially true in settings where armed groups remain active. In these settings, if information containing the names and locations of demobilized individuals is leaked, these individuals may find themselves subject to forcible re-recruitment.If appropriate, DDR practitioners can consider an Information, Counselling and Referral System (ICRS). An ICRS stores data not only on the reintegration intentions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, but on available services and reintegration opportunities, which should be mapped prior to reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). By mapping and regularly updating referral information, DDR practitioners can identify critical gaps in service delivery and take steps to address these gaps, for example, by investing in existing services to strengthen their capacities, advocating to remove access barriers for DDR participants and providing direct assistance.ICRS caseworkers should be trained in basic counselling techniques and refer demobilized individuals to services\/opportunities, including peacebuilding and recovery programmes, governmental services, potential employers and community-based support structures. Counselling involves the identification of individual needs and capabilities, and may lead to a wide variety of referrals, ranging from job placement to psychosocial assistance to voluntary testing for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Integrating specific questions on psychosocial screening, health and gender is pivotal to understanding the specific needs of men and women and defining appropriate reintegration interventions. The usefulness of an ICRS hinges on having trained ICRS caseworkers with whom ex-combatants can regularly and easily communicate. Female caseworkers should provide information, counselling and referral services to female DDR participants. By actively seeking the feedback of DDR participants on programmes and services, the counselling relationship fosters accountability. If an ICRS is to be used, it should be established as soon as possible during demobilization and continued throughout the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":994, "Sentence":"Information from the demobilization operation (registration data, information related to screening and profiling, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization information demobilization operation registration data information related screening profiling etc ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.8 Case management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Information from the demobilization operation (registration data, information related to screening and profiling, etc.), should be recorded in a secure case management system (or \u2018database\u2019). A case management system enables DDR practitioners to track assistance and progress at the individual level, and to analyse the data as a whole to identify good practices; flag problem areas; and understand how geography, gender and other variables influence demobilization and reintegration outcomes (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Processes).DDR case management systems shall be the property of the national Government but may sometimes be managed by the United Nations and handed over to the national authorities when the DDR process is complete. Which stakeholders and individuals have access to all (or some) of the data in the case management system should be agreed upon when the system is established so that necessary data protections (such as different levels of password protection) can be built in. The establishment of an effective and reliable means of case management is essential to the entire DDR programme, and is necessary to track the reinsertion and reintegration of DDR participants and follow up on protection and human rights issues. A good-quality case management system should be installed, tested and secured before DDR programmes begin. This system should be mobile, suitable for use in the field, cross-referenced and able to provide DDR teams with a clear aggregate picture of the DDR programme (including how many individuals have been processed). In all cases, security and data protections are imperative, but this is especially true in settings where armed groups remain active. In these settings, if information containing the names and locations of demobilized individuals is leaked, these individuals may find themselves subject to forcible re-recruitment.If appropriate, DDR practitioners can consider an Information, Counselling and Referral System (ICRS). An ICRS stores data not only on the reintegration intentions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, but on available services and reintegration opportunities, which should be mapped prior to reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). By mapping and regularly updating referral information, DDR practitioners can identify critical gaps in service delivery and take steps to address these gaps, for example, by investing in existing services to strengthen their capacities, advocating to remove access barriers for DDR participants and providing direct assistance.ICRS caseworkers should be trained in basic counselling techniques and refer demobilized individuals to services\/opportunities, including peacebuilding and recovery programmes, governmental services, potential employers and community-based support structures. Counselling involves the identification of individual needs and capabilities, and may lead to a wide variety of referrals, ranging from job placement to psychosocial assistance to voluntary testing for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Integrating specific questions on psychosocial screening, health and gender is pivotal to understanding the specific needs of men and women and defining appropriate reintegration interventions. The usefulness of an ICRS hinges on having trained ICRS caseworkers with whom ex-combatants can regularly and easily communicate. Female caseworkers should provide information, counselling and referral services to female DDR participants. By actively seeking the feedback of DDR participants on programmes and services, the counselling relationship fosters accountability. If an ICRS is to be used, it should be established as soon as possible during demobilization and continued throughout the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":994, "Sentence":"), should be recorded in a secure case management system (or \u2018database\u2019).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization recorded secure case management system \u2018 database \u2019 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.8 Case management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Information from the demobilization operation (registration data, information related to screening and profiling, etc.), should be recorded in a secure case management system (or \u2018database\u2019). A case management system enables DDR practitioners to track assistance and progress at the individual level, and to analyse the data as a whole to identify good practices; flag problem areas; and understand how geography, gender and other variables influence demobilization and reintegration outcomes (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Processes).DDR case management systems shall be the property of the national Government but may sometimes be managed by the United Nations and handed over to the national authorities when the DDR process is complete. Which stakeholders and individuals have access to all (or some) of the data in the case management system should be agreed upon when the system is established so that necessary data protections (such as different levels of password protection) can be built in. The establishment of an effective and reliable means of case management is essential to the entire DDR programme, and is necessary to track the reinsertion and reintegration of DDR participants and follow up on protection and human rights issues. A good-quality case management system should be installed, tested and secured before DDR programmes begin. This system should be mobile, suitable for use in the field, cross-referenced and able to provide DDR teams with a clear aggregate picture of the DDR programme (including how many individuals have been processed). In all cases, security and data protections are imperative, but this is especially true in settings where armed groups remain active. In these settings, if information containing the names and locations of demobilized individuals is leaked, these individuals may find themselves subject to forcible re-recruitment.If appropriate, DDR practitioners can consider an Information, Counselling and Referral System (ICRS). An ICRS stores data not only on the reintegration intentions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, but on available services and reintegration opportunities, which should be mapped prior to reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). By mapping and regularly updating referral information, DDR practitioners can identify critical gaps in service delivery and take steps to address these gaps, for example, by investing in existing services to strengthen their capacities, advocating to remove access barriers for DDR participants and providing direct assistance.ICRS caseworkers should be trained in basic counselling techniques and refer demobilized individuals to services\/opportunities, including peacebuilding and recovery programmes, governmental services, potential employers and community-based support structures. Counselling involves the identification of individual needs and capabilities, and may lead to a wide variety of referrals, ranging from job placement to psychosocial assistance to voluntary testing for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Integrating specific questions on psychosocial screening, health and gender is pivotal to understanding the specific needs of men and women and defining appropriate reintegration interventions. The usefulness of an ICRS hinges on having trained ICRS caseworkers with whom ex-combatants can regularly and easily communicate. Female caseworkers should provide information, counselling and referral services to female DDR participants. By actively seeking the feedback of DDR participants on programmes and services, the counselling relationship fosters accountability. If an ICRS is to be used, it should be established as soon as possible during demobilization and continued throughout the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":994, "Sentence":"A case management system enables DDR practitioners to track assistance and progress at the individual level, and to analyse the data as a whole to identify good practices; flag problem areas; and understand how geography, gender and other variables influence demobilization and reintegration outcomes (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Processes).DDR case management systems shall be the property of the national Government but may sometimes be managed by the United Nations and handed over to the national authorities when the DDR process is complete.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization case management system enables ddr practitioner track assistance progress individual level analyse data whole identify good practice flag problem area understand geography gender variable influence demobilization reintegration outcome see iddrs 3.50 monitoring evaluation ddr processes.ddr case management system shall property national government may sometimes managed united nation handed national authority ddr process complete ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.8 Case management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Information from the demobilization operation (registration data, information related to screening and profiling, etc.), should be recorded in a secure case management system (or \u2018database\u2019). A case management system enables DDR practitioners to track assistance and progress at the individual level, and to analyse the data as a whole to identify good practices; flag problem areas; and understand how geography, gender and other variables influence demobilization and reintegration outcomes (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Processes).DDR case management systems shall be the property of the national Government but may sometimes be managed by the United Nations and handed over to the national authorities when the DDR process is complete. Which stakeholders and individuals have access to all (or some) of the data in the case management system should be agreed upon when the system is established so that necessary data protections (such as different levels of password protection) can be built in. The establishment of an effective and reliable means of case management is essential to the entire DDR programme, and is necessary to track the reinsertion and reintegration of DDR participants and follow up on protection and human rights issues. A good-quality case management system should be installed, tested and secured before DDR programmes begin. This system should be mobile, suitable for use in the field, cross-referenced and able to provide DDR teams with a clear aggregate picture of the DDR programme (including how many individuals have been processed). In all cases, security and data protections are imperative, but this is especially true in settings where armed groups remain active. In these settings, if information containing the names and locations of demobilized individuals is leaked, these individuals may find themselves subject to forcible re-recruitment.If appropriate, DDR practitioners can consider an Information, Counselling and Referral System (ICRS). An ICRS stores data not only on the reintegration intentions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, but on available services and reintegration opportunities, which should be mapped prior to reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). By mapping and regularly updating referral information, DDR practitioners can identify critical gaps in service delivery and take steps to address these gaps, for example, by investing in existing services to strengthen their capacities, advocating to remove access barriers for DDR participants and providing direct assistance.ICRS caseworkers should be trained in basic counselling techniques and refer demobilized individuals to services\/opportunities, including peacebuilding and recovery programmes, governmental services, potential employers and community-based support structures. Counselling involves the identification of individual needs and capabilities, and may lead to a wide variety of referrals, ranging from job placement to psychosocial assistance to voluntary testing for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Integrating specific questions on psychosocial screening, health and gender is pivotal to understanding the specific needs of men and women and defining appropriate reintegration interventions. The usefulness of an ICRS hinges on having trained ICRS caseworkers with whom ex-combatants can regularly and easily communicate. Female caseworkers should provide information, counselling and referral services to female DDR participants. By actively seeking the feedback of DDR participants on programmes and services, the counselling relationship fosters accountability. If an ICRS is to be used, it should be established as soon as possible during demobilization and continued throughout the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":994, "Sentence":"Which stakeholders and individuals have access to all (or some) of the data in the case management system should be agreed upon when the system is established so that necessary data protections (such as different levels of password protection) can be built in.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization stakeholder individual access data case management system agreed upon system established necessary data protection different level password protection built ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.8 Case management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Information from the demobilization operation (registration data, information related to screening and profiling, etc.), should be recorded in a secure case management system (or \u2018database\u2019). A case management system enables DDR practitioners to track assistance and progress at the individual level, and to analyse the data as a whole to identify good practices; flag problem areas; and understand how geography, gender and other variables influence demobilization and reintegration outcomes (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Processes).DDR case management systems shall be the property of the national Government but may sometimes be managed by the United Nations and handed over to the national authorities when the DDR process is complete. Which stakeholders and individuals have access to all (or some) of the data in the case management system should be agreed upon when the system is established so that necessary data protections (such as different levels of password protection) can be built in. The establishment of an effective and reliable means of case management is essential to the entire DDR programme, and is necessary to track the reinsertion and reintegration of DDR participants and follow up on protection and human rights issues. A good-quality case management system should be installed, tested and secured before DDR programmes begin. This system should be mobile, suitable for use in the field, cross-referenced and able to provide DDR teams with a clear aggregate picture of the DDR programme (including how many individuals have been processed). In all cases, security and data protections are imperative, but this is especially true in settings where armed groups remain active. In these settings, if information containing the names and locations of demobilized individuals is leaked, these individuals may find themselves subject to forcible re-recruitment.If appropriate, DDR practitioners can consider an Information, Counselling and Referral System (ICRS). An ICRS stores data not only on the reintegration intentions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, but on available services and reintegration opportunities, which should be mapped prior to reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). By mapping and regularly updating referral information, DDR practitioners can identify critical gaps in service delivery and take steps to address these gaps, for example, by investing in existing services to strengthen their capacities, advocating to remove access barriers for DDR participants and providing direct assistance.ICRS caseworkers should be trained in basic counselling techniques and refer demobilized individuals to services\/opportunities, including peacebuilding and recovery programmes, governmental services, potential employers and community-based support structures. Counselling involves the identification of individual needs and capabilities, and may lead to a wide variety of referrals, ranging from job placement to psychosocial assistance to voluntary testing for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Integrating specific questions on psychosocial screening, health and gender is pivotal to understanding the specific needs of men and women and defining appropriate reintegration interventions. The usefulness of an ICRS hinges on having trained ICRS caseworkers with whom ex-combatants can regularly and easily communicate. Female caseworkers should provide information, counselling and referral services to female DDR participants. By actively seeking the feedback of DDR participants on programmes and services, the counselling relationship fosters accountability. If an ICRS is to be used, it should be established as soon as possible during demobilization and continued throughout the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":994, "Sentence":"The establishment of an effective and reliable means of case management is essential to the entire DDR programme, and is necessary to track the reinsertion and reintegration of DDR participants and follow up on protection and human rights issues.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization establishment effective reliable mean case management essential entire ddr programme necessary track reinsertion reintegration ddr participant follow protection human right issue ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.8 Case management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Information from the demobilization operation (registration data, information related to screening and profiling, etc.), should be recorded in a secure case management system (or \u2018database\u2019). A case management system enables DDR practitioners to track assistance and progress at the individual level, and to analyse the data as a whole to identify good practices; flag problem areas; and understand how geography, gender and other variables influence demobilization and reintegration outcomes (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Processes).DDR case management systems shall be the property of the national Government but may sometimes be managed by the United Nations and handed over to the national authorities when the DDR process is complete. Which stakeholders and individuals have access to all (or some) of the data in the case management system should be agreed upon when the system is established so that necessary data protections (such as different levels of password protection) can be built in. The establishment of an effective and reliable means of case management is essential to the entire DDR programme, and is necessary to track the reinsertion and reintegration of DDR participants and follow up on protection and human rights issues. A good-quality case management system should be installed, tested and secured before DDR programmes begin. This system should be mobile, suitable for use in the field, cross-referenced and able to provide DDR teams with a clear aggregate picture of the DDR programme (including how many individuals have been processed). In all cases, security and data protections are imperative, but this is especially true in settings where armed groups remain active. In these settings, if information containing the names and locations of demobilized individuals is leaked, these individuals may find themselves subject to forcible re-recruitment.If appropriate, DDR practitioners can consider an Information, Counselling and Referral System (ICRS). An ICRS stores data not only on the reintegration intentions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, but on available services and reintegration opportunities, which should be mapped prior to reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). By mapping and regularly updating referral information, DDR practitioners can identify critical gaps in service delivery and take steps to address these gaps, for example, by investing in existing services to strengthen their capacities, advocating to remove access barriers for DDR participants and providing direct assistance.ICRS caseworkers should be trained in basic counselling techniques and refer demobilized individuals to services\/opportunities, including peacebuilding and recovery programmes, governmental services, potential employers and community-based support structures. Counselling involves the identification of individual needs and capabilities, and may lead to a wide variety of referrals, ranging from job placement to psychosocial assistance to voluntary testing for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Integrating specific questions on psychosocial screening, health and gender is pivotal to understanding the specific needs of men and women and defining appropriate reintegration interventions. The usefulness of an ICRS hinges on having trained ICRS caseworkers with whom ex-combatants can regularly and easily communicate. Female caseworkers should provide information, counselling and referral services to female DDR participants. By actively seeking the feedback of DDR participants on programmes and services, the counselling relationship fosters accountability. If an ICRS is to be used, it should be established as soon as possible during demobilization and continued throughout the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":994, "Sentence":"A good-quality case management system should be installed, tested and secured before DDR programmes begin.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization goodquality case management system installed tested secured ddr programme begin ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.8 Case management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Information from the demobilization operation (registration data, information related to screening and profiling, etc.), should be recorded in a secure case management system (or \u2018database\u2019). A case management system enables DDR practitioners to track assistance and progress at the individual level, and to analyse the data as a whole to identify good practices; flag problem areas; and understand how geography, gender and other variables influence demobilization and reintegration outcomes (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Processes).DDR case management systems shall be the property of the national Government but may sometimes be managed by the United Nations and handed over to the national authorities when the DDR process is complete. Which stakeholders and individuals have access to all (or some) of the data in the case management system should be agreed upon when the system is established so that necessary data protections (such as different levels of password protection) can be built in. The establishment of an effective and reliable means of case management is essential to the entire DDR programme, and is necessary to track the reinsertion and reintegration of DDR participants and follow up on protection and human rights issues. A good-quality case management system should be installed, tested and secured before DDR programmes begin. This system should be mobile, suitable for use in the field, cross-referenced and able to provide DDR teams with a clear aggregate picture of the DDR programme (including how many individuals have been processed). In all cases, security and data protections are imperative, but this is especially true in settings where armed groups remain active. In these settings, if information containing the names and locations of demobilized individuals is leaked, these individuals may find themselves subject to forcible re-recruitment.If appropriate, DDR practitioners can consider an Information, Counselling and Referral System (ICRS). An ICRS stores data not only on the reintegration intentions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, but on available services and reintegration opportunities, which should be mapped prior to reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). By mapping and regularly updating referral information, DDR practitioners can identify critical gaps in service delivery and take steps to address these gaps, for example, by investing in existing services to strengthen their capacities, advocating to remove access barriers for DDR participants and providing direct assistance.ICRS caseworkers should be trained in basic counselling techniques and refer demobilized individuals to services\/opportunities, including peacebuilding and recovery programmes, governmental services, potential employers and community-based support structures. Counselling involves the identification of individual needs and capabilities, and may lead to a wide variety of referrals, ranging from job placement to psychosocial assistance to voluntary testing for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Integrating specific questions on psychosocial screening, health and gender is pivotal to understanding the specific needs of men and women and defining appropriate reintegration interventions. The usefulness of an ICRS hinges on having trained ICRS caseworkers with whom ex-combatants can regularly and easily communicate. Female caseworkers should provide information, counselling and referral services to female DDR participants. By actively seeking the feedback of DDR participants on programmes and services, the counselling relationship fosters accountability. If an ICRS is to be used, it should be established as soon as possible during demobilization and continued throughout the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":994, "Sentence":"This system should be mobile, suitable for use in the field, cross-referenced and able to provide DDR teams with a clear aggregate picture of the DDR programme (including how many individuals have been processed).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization system mobile suitable use field crossreferenced able provide ddr team clear aggregate picture ddr programme including many individual processed ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.8 Case management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Information from the demobilization operation (registration data, information related to screening and profiling, etc.), should be recorded in a secure case management system (or \u2018database\u2019). A case management system enables DDR practitioners to track assistance and progress at the individual level, and to analyse the data as a whole to identify good practices; flag problem areas; and understand how geography, gender and other variables influence demobilization and reintegration outcomes (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Processes).DDR case management systems shall be the property of the national Government but may sometimes be managed by the United Nations and handed over to the national authorities when the DDR process is complete. Which stakeholders and individuals have access to all (or some) of the data in the case management system should be agreed upon when the system is established so that necessary data protections (such as different levels of password protection) can be built in. The establishment of an effective and reliable means of case management is essential to the entire DDR programme, and is necessary to track the reinsertion and reintegration of DDR participants and follow up on protection and human rights issues. A good-quality case management system should be installed, tested and secured before DDR programmes begin. This system should be mobile, suitable for use in the field, cross-referenced and able to provide DDR teams with a clear aggregate picture of the DDR programme (including how many individuals have been processed). In all cases, security and data protections are imperative, but this is especially true in settings where armed groups remain active. In these settings, if information containing the names and locations of demobilized individuals is leaked, these individuals may find themselves subject to forcible re-recruitment.If appropriate, DDR practitioners can consider an Information, Counselling and Referral System (ICRS). An ICRS stores data not only on the reintegration intentions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, but on available services and reintegration opportunities, which should be mapped prior to reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). By mapping and regularly updating referral information, DDR practitioners can identify critical gaps in service delivery and take steps to address these gaps, for example, by investing in existing services to strengthen their capacities, advocating to remove access barriers for DDR participants and providing direct assistance.ICRS caseworkers should be trained in basic counselling techniques and refer demobilized individuals to services\/opportunities, including peacebuilding and recovery programmes, governmental services, potential employers and community-based support structures. Counselling involves the identification of individual needs and capabilities, and may lead to a wide variety of referrals, ranging from job placement to psychosocial assistance to voluntary testing for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Integrating specific questions on psychosocial screening, health and gender is pivotal to understanding the specific needs of men and women and defining appropriate reintegration interventions. The usefulness of an ICRS hinges on having trained ICRS caseworkers with whom ex-combatants can regularly and easily communicate. Female caseworkers should provide information, counselling and referral services to female DDR participants. By actively seeking the feedback of DDR participants on programmes and services, the counselling relationship fosters accountability. If an ICRS is to be used, it should be established as soon as possible during demobilization and continued throughout the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":994, "Sentence":"In all cases, security and data protections are imperative, but this is especially true in settings where armed groups remain active.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization case security data protection imperative especially true setting armed group remain active ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.8 Case management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Information from the demobilization operation (registration data, information related to screening and profiling, etc.), should be recorded in a secure case management system (or \u2018database\u2019). A case management system enables DDR practitioners to track assistance and progress at the individual level, and to analyse the data as a whole to identify good practices; flag problem areas; and understand how geography, gender and other variables influence demobilization and reintegration outcomes (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Processes).DDR case management systems shall be the property of the national Government but may sometimes be managed by the United Nations and handed over to the national authorities when the DDR process is complete. Which stakeholders and individuals have access to all (or some) of the data in the case management system should be agreed upon when the system is established so that necessary data protections (such as different levels of password protection) can be built in. The establishment of an effective and reliable means of case management is essential to the entire DDR programme, and is necessary to track the reinsertion and reintegration of DDR participants and follow up on protection and human rights issues. A good-quality case management system should be installed, tested and secured before DDR programmes begin. This system should be mobile, suitable for use in the field, cross-referenced and able to provide DDR teams with a clear aggregate picture of the DDR programme (including how many individuals have been processed). In all cases, security and data protections are imperative, but this is especially true in settings where armed groups remain active. In these settings, if information containing the names and locations of demobilized individuals is leaked, these individuals may find themselves subject to forcible re-recruitment.If appropriate, DDR practitioners can consider an Information, Counselling and Referral System (ICRS). An ICRS stores data not only on the reintegration intentions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, but on available services and reintegration opportunities, which should be mapped prior to reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). By mapping and regularly updating referral information, DDR practitioners can identify critical gaps in service delivery and take steps to address these gaps, for example, by investing in existing services to strengthen their capacities, advocating to remove access barriers for DDR participants and providing direct assistance.ICRS caseworkers should be trained in basic counselling techniques and refer demobilized individuals to services\/opportunities, including peacebuilding and recovery programmes, governmental services, potential employers and community-based support structures. Counselling involves the identification of individual needs and capabilities, and may lead to a wide variety of referrals, ranging from job placement to psychosocial assistance to voluntary testing for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Integrating specific questions on psychosocial screening, health and gender is pivotal to understanding the specific needs of men and women and defining appropriate reintegration interventions. The usefulness of an ICRS hinges on having trained ICRS caseworkers with whom ex-combatants can regularly and easily communicate. Female caseworkers should provide information, counselling and referral services to female DDR participants. By actively seeking the feedback of DDR participants on programmes and services, the counselling relationship fosters accountability. If an ICRS is to be used, it should be established as soon as possible during demobilization and continued throughout the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":994, "Sentence":"In these settings, if information containing the names and locations of demobilized individuals is leaked, these individuals may find themselves subject to forcible re-recruitment.If appropriate, DDR practitioners can consider an Information, Counselling and Referral System (ICRS).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization setting information containing name location demobilized individual leaked individual may find subject forcible rerecruitment.if appropriate ddr practitioner consider information counselling referral system icrs ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.8 Case management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Information from the demobilization operation (registration data, information related to screening and profiling, etc.), should be recorded in a secure case management system (or \u2018database\u2019). A case management system enables DDR practitioners to track assistance and progress at the individual level, and to analyse the data as a whole to identify good practices; flag problem areas; and understand how geography, gender and other variables influence demobilization and reintegration outcomes (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Processes).DDR case management systems shall be the property of the national Government but may sometimes be managed by the United Nations and handed over to the national authorities when the DDR process is complete. Which stakeholders and individuals have access to all (or some) of the data in the case management system should be agreed upon when the system is established so that necessary data protections (such as different levels of password protection) can be built in. The establishment of an effective and reliable means of case management is essential to the entire DDR programme, and is necessary to track the reinsertion and reintegration of DDR participants and follow up on protection and human rights issues. A good-quality case management system should be installed, tested and secured before DDR programmes begin. This system should be mobile, suitable for use in the field, cross-referenced and able to provide DDR teams with a clear aggregate picture of the DDR programme (including how many individuals have been processed). In all cases, security and data protections are imperative, but this is especially true in settings where armed groups remain active. In these settings, if information containing the names and locations of demobilized individuals is leaked, these individuals may find themselves subject to forcible re-recruitment.If appropriate, DDR practitioners can consider an Information, Counselling and Referral System (ICRS). An ICRS stores data not only on the reintegration intentions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, but on available services and reintegration opportunities, which should be mapped prior to reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). By mapping and regularly updating referral information, DDR practitioners can identify critical gaps in service delivery and take steps to address these gaps, for example, by investing in existing services to strengthen their capacities, advocating to remove access barriers for DDR participants and providing direct assistance.ICRS caseworkers should be trained in basic counselling techniques and refer demobilized individuals to services\/opportunities, including peacebuilding and recovery programmes, governmental services, potential employers and community-based support structures. Counselling involves the identification of individual needs and capabilities, and may lead to a wide variety of referrals, ranging from job placement to psychosocial assistance to voluntary testing for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Integrating specific questions on psychosocial screening, health and gender is pivotal to understanding the specific needs of men and women and defining appropriate reintegration interventions. The usefulness of an ICRS hinges on having trained ICRS caseworkers with whom ex-combatants can regularly and easily communicate. Female caseworkers should provide information, counselling and referral services to female DDR participants. By actively seeking the feedback of DDR participants on programmes and services, the counselling relationship fosters accountability. If an ICRS is to be used, it should be established as soon as possible during demobilization and continued throughout the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":994, "Sentence":"An ICRS stores data not only on the reintegration intentions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, but on available services and reintegration opportunities, which should be mapped prior to reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization icrs store data reintegration intention excombatants person formerly associated armed force group available service reintegration opportunity mapped prior reintegration see iddrs 4.30 reintegration ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.8 Case management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Information from the demobilization operation (registration data, information related to screening and profiling, etc.), should be recorded in a secure case management system (or \u2018database\u2019). A case management system enables DDR practitioners to track assistance and progress at the individual level, and to analyse the data as a whole to identify good practices; flag problem areas; and understand how geography, gender and other variables influence demobilization and reintegration outcomes (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Processes).DDR case management systems shall be the property of the national Government but may sometimes be managed by the United Nations and handed over to the national authorities when the DDR process is complete. Which stakeholders and individuals have access to all (or some) of the data in the case management system should be agreed upon when the system is established so that necessary data protections (such as different levels of password protection) can be built in. The establishment of an effective and reliable means of case management is essential to the entire DDR programme, and is necessary to track the reinsertion and reintegration of DDR participants and follow up on protection and human rights issues. A good-quality case management system should be installed, tested and secured before DDR programmes begin. This system should be mobile, suitable for use in the field, cross-referenced and able to provide DDR teams with a clear aggregate picture of the DDR programme (including how many individuals have been processed). In all cases, security and data protections are imperative, but this is especially true in settings where armed groups remain active. In these settings, if information containing the names and locations of demobilized individuals is leaked, these individuals may find themselves subject to forcible re-recruitment.If appropriate, DDR practitioners can consider an Information, Counselling and Referral System (ICRS). An ICRS stores data not only on the reintegration intentions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, but on available services and reintegration opportunities, which should be mapped prior to reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). By mapping and regularly updating referral information, DDR practitioners can identify critical gaps in service delivery and take steps to address these gaps, for example, by investing in existing services to strengthen their capacities, advocating to remove access barriers for DDR participants and providing direct assistance.ICRS caseworkers should be trained in basic counselling techniques and refer demobilized individuals to services\/opportunities, including peacebuilding and recovery programmes, governmental services, potential employers and community-based support structures. Counselling involves the identification of individual needs and capabilities, and may lead to a wide variety of referrals, ranging from job placement to psychosocial assistance to voluntary testing for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Integrating specific questions on psychosocial screening, health and gender is pivotal to understanding the specific needs of men and women and defining appropriate reintegration interventions. The usefulness of an ICRS hinges on having trained ICRS caseworkers with whom ex-combatants can regularly and easily communicate. Female caseworkers should provide information, counselling and referral services to female DDR participants. By actively seeking the feedback of DDR participants on programmes and services, the counselling relationship fosters accountability. If an ICRS is to be used, it should be established as soon as possible during demobilization and continued throughout the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":994, "Sentence":"By mapping and regularly updating referral information, DDR practitioners can identify critical gaps in service delivery and take steps to address these gaps, for example, by investing in existing services to strengthen their capacities, advocating to remove access barriers for DDR participants and providing direct assistance.ICRS caseworkers should be trained in basic counselling techniques and refer demobilized individuals to services\/opportunities, including peacebuilding and recovery programmes, governmental services, potential employers and community-based support structures.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization mapping regularly updating referral information ddr practitioner identify critical gap service delivery take step address gap example investing existing service strengthen capacity advocating remove access barrier ddr participant providing direct assistance.icrs caseworker trained basic counselling technique refer demobilized individual services\/opportunities including peacebuilding recovery programme governmental service potential employer communitybased support structure ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.8 Case management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Information from the demobilization operation (registration data, information related to screening and profiling, etc.), should be recorded in a secure case management system (or \u2018database\u2019). A case management system enables DDR practitioners to track assistance and progress at the individual level, and to analyse the data as a whole to identify good practices; flag problem areas; and understand how geography, gender and other variables influence demobilization and reintegration outcomes (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Processes).DDR case management systems shall be the property of the national Government but may sometimes be managed by the United Nations and handed over to the national authorities when the DDR process is complete. Which stakeholders and individuals have access to all (or some) of the data in the case management system should be agreed upon when the system is established so that necessary data protections (such as different levels of password protection) can be built in. The establishment of an effective and reliable means of case management is essential to the entire DDR programme, and is necessary to track the reinsertion and reintegration of DDR participants and follow up on protection and human rights issues. A good-quality case management system should be installed, tested and secured before DDR programmes begin. This system should be mobile, suitable for use in the field, cross-referenced and able to provide DDR teams with a clear aggregate picture of the DDR programme (including how many individuals have been processed). In all cases, security and data protections are imperative, but this is especially true in settings where armed groups remain active. In these settings, if information containing the names and locations of demobilized individuals is leaked, these individuals may find themselves subject to forcible re-recruitment.If appropriate, DDR practitioners can consider an Information, Counselling and Referral System (ICRS). An ICRS stores data not only on the reintegration intentions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, but on available services and reintegration opportunities, which should be mapped prior to reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). By mapping and regularly updating referral information, DDR practitioners can identify critical gaps in service delivery and take steps to address these gaps, for example, by investing in existing services to strengthen their capacities, advocating to remove access barriers for DDR participants and providing direct assistance.ICRS caseworkers should be trained in basic counselling techniques and refer demobilized individuals to services\/opportunities, including peacebuilding and recovery programmes, governmental services, potential employers and community-based support structures. Counselling involves the identification of individual needs and capabilities, and may lead to a wide variety of referrals, ranging from job placement to psychosocial assistance to voluntary testing for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Integrating specific questions on psychosocial screening, health and gender is pivotal to understanding the specific needs of men and women and defining appropriate reintegration interventions. The usefulness of an ICRS hinges on having trained ICRS caseworkers with whom ex-combatants can regularly and easily communicate. Female caseworkers should provide information, counselling and referral services to female DDR participants. By actively seeking the feedback of DDR participants on programmes and services, the counselling relationship fosters accountability. If an ICRS is to be used, it should be established as soon as possible during demobilization and continued throughout the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":994, "Sentence":"Counselling involves the identification of individual needs and capabilities, and may lead to a wide variety of referrals, ranging from job placement to psychosocial assistance to voluntary testing for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization counselling involves identification individual need capability may lead wide variety referral ranging job placement psychosocial assistance voluntary testing hiv\/aids see iddrs 5.60 hiv\/aids ddr ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.8 Case management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Information from the demobilization operation (registration data, information related to screening and profiling, etc.), should be recorded in a secure case management system (or \u2018database\u2019). A case management system enables DDR practitioners to track assistance and progress at the individual level, and to analyse the data as a whole to identify good practices; flag problem areas; and understand how geography, gender and other variables influence demobilization and reintegration outcomes (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Processes).DDR case management systems shall be the property of the national Government but may sometimes be managed by the United Nations and handed over to the national authorities when the DDR process is complete. Which stakeholders and individuals have access to all (or some) of the data in the case management system should be agreed upon when the system is established so that necessary data protections (such as different levels of password protection) can be built in. The establishment of an effective and reliable means of case management is essential to the entire DDR programme, and is necessary to track the reinsertion and reintegration of DDR participants and follow up on protection and human rights issues. A good-quality case management system should be installed, tested and secured before DDR programmes begin. This system should be mobile, suitable for use in the field, cross-referenced and able to provide DDR teams with a clear aggregate picture of the DDR programme (including how many individuals have been processed). In all cases, security and data protections are imperative, but this is especially true in settings where armed groups remain active. In these settings, if information containing the names and locations of demobilized individuals is leaked, these individuals may find themselves subject to forcible re-recruitment.If appropriate, DDR practitioners can consider an Information, Counselling and Referral System (ICRS). An ICRS stores data not only on the reintegration intentions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, but on available services and reintegration opportunities, which should be mapped prior to reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). By mapping and regularly updating referral information, DDR practitioners can identify critical gaps in service delivery and take steps to address these gaps, for example, by investing in existing services to strengthen their capacities, advocating to remove access barriers for DDR participants and providing direct assistance.ICRS caseworkers should be trained in basic counselling techniques and refer demobilized individuals to services\/opportunities, including peacebuilding and recovery programmes, governmental services, potential employers and community-based support structures. Counselling involves the identification of individual needs and capabilities, and may lead to a wide variety of referrals, ranging from job placement to psychosocial assistance to voluntary testing for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Integrating specific questions on psychosocial screening, health and gender is pivotal to understanding the specific needs of men and women and defining appropriate reintegration interventions. The usefulness of an ICRS hinges on having trained ICRS caseworkers with whom ex-combatants can regularly and easily communicate. Female caseworkers should provide information, counselling and referral services to female DDR participants. By actively seeking the feedback of DDR participants on programmes and services, the counselling relationship fosters accountability. If an ICRS is to be used, it should be established as soon as possible during demobilization and continued throughout the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":994, "Sentence":"Integrating specific questions on psychosocial screening, health and gender is pivotal to understanding the specific needs of men and women and defining appropriate reintegration interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization integrating specific question psychosocial screening health gender pivotal understanding specific need men woman defining appropriate reintegration intervention ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.8 Case management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Information from the demobilization operation (registration data, information related to screening and profiling, etc.), should be recorded in a secure case management system (or \u2018database\u2019). A case management system enables DDR practitioners to track assistance and progress at the individual level, and to analyse the data as a whole to identify good practices; flag problem areas; and understand how geography, gender and other variables influence demobilization and reintegration outcomes (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Processes).DDR case management systems shall be the property of the national Government but may sometimes be managed by the United Nations and handed over to the national authorities when the DDR process is complete. Which stakeholders and individuals have access to all (or some) of the data in the case management system should be agreed upon when the system is established so that necessary data protections (such as different levels of password protection) can be built in. The establishment of an effective and reliable means of case management is essential to the entire DDR programme, and is necessary to track the reinsertion and reintegration of DDR participants and follow up on protection and human rights issues. A good-quality case management system should be installed, tested and secured before DDR programmes begin. This system should be mobile, suitable for use in the field, cross-referenced and able to provide DDR teams with a clear aggregate picture of the DDR programme (including how many individuals have been processed). In all cases, security and data protections are imperative, but this is especially true in settings where armed groups remain active. In these settings, if information containing the names and locations of demobilized individuals is leaked, these individuals may find themselves subject to forcible re-recruitment.If appropriate, DDR practitioners can consider an Information, Counselling and Referral System (ICRS). An ICRS stores data not only on the reintegration intentions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, but on available services and reintegration opportunities, which should be mapped prior to reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). By mapping and regularly updating referral information, DDR practitioners can identify critical gaps in service delivery and take steps to address these gaps, for example, by investing in existing services to strengthen their capacities, advocating to remove access barriers for DDR participants and providing direct assistance.ICRS caseworkers should be trained in basic counselling techniques and refer demobilized individuals to services\/opportunities, including peacebuilding and recovery programmes, governmental services, potential employers and community-based support structures. Counselling involves the identification of individual needs and capabilities, and may lead to a wide variety of referrals, ranging from job placement to psychosocial assistance to voluntary testing for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Integrating specific questions on psychosocial screening, health and gender is pivotal to understanding the specific needs of men and women and defining appropriate reintegration interventions. The usefulness of an ICRS hinges on having trained ICRS caseworkers with whom ex-combatants can regularly and easily communicate. Female caseworkers should provide information, counselling and referral services to female DDR participants. By actively seeking the feedback of DDR participants on programmes and services, the counselling relationship fosters accountability. If an ICRS is to be used, it should be established as soon as possible during demobilization and continued throughout the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":994, "Sentence":"The usefulness of an ICRS hinges on having trained ICRS caseworkers with whom ex-combatants can regularly and easily communicate.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization usefulness icrs hinge trained icrs caseworker excombatants regularly easily communicate ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.8 Case management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Information from the demobilization operation (registration data, information related to screening and profiling, etc.), should be recorded in a secure case management system (or \u2018database\u2019). A case management system enables DDR practitioners to track assistance and progress at the individual level, and to analyse the data as a whole to identify good practices; flag problem areas; and understand how geography, gender and other variables influence demobilization and reintegration outcomes (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Processes).DDR case management systems shall be the property of the national Government but may sometimes be managed by the United Nations and handed over to the national authorities when the DDR process is complete. Which stakeholders and individuals have access to all (or some) of the data in the case management system should be agreed upon when the system is established so that necessary data protections (such as different levels of password protection) can be built in. The establishment of an effective and reliable means of case management is essential to the entire DDR programme, and is necessary to track the reinsertion and reintegration of DDR participants and follow up on protection and human rights issues. A good-quality case management system should be installed, tested and secured before DDR programmes begin. This system should be mobile, suitable for use in the field, cross-referenced and able to provide DDR teams with a clear aggregate picture of the DDR programme (including how many individuals have been processed). In all cases, security and data protections are imperative, but this is especially true in settings where armed groups remain active. In these settings, if information containing the names and locations of demobilized individuals is leaked, these individuals may find themselves subject to forcible re-recruitment.If appropriate, DDR practitioners can consider an Information, Counselling and Referral System (ICRS). An ICRS stores data not only on the reintegration intentions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, but on available services and reintegration opportunities, which should be mapped prior to reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). By mapping and regularly updating referral information, DDR practitioners can identify critical gaps in service delivery and take steps to address these gaps, for example, by investing in existing services to strengthen their capacities, advocating to remove access barriers for DDR participants and providing direct assistance.ICRS caseworkers should be trained in basic counselling techniques and refer demobilized individuals to services\/opportunities, including peacebuilding and recovery programmes, governmental services, potential employers and community-based support structures. Counselling involves the identification of individual needs and capabilities, and may lead to a wide variety of referrals, ranging from job placement to psychosocial assistance to voluntary testing for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Integrating specific questions on psychosocial screening, health and gender is pivotal to understanding the specific needs of men and women and defining appropriate reintegration interventions. The usefulness of an ICRS hinges on having trained ICRS caseworkers with whom ex-combatants can regularly and easily communicate. Female caseworkers should provide information, counselling and referral services to female DDR participants. By actively seeking the feedback of DDR participants on programmes and services, the counselling relationship fosters accountability. If an ICRS is to be used, it should be established as soon as possible during demobilization and continued throughout the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":994, "Sentence":"Female caseworkers should provide information, counselling and referral services to female DDR participants.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization female caseworker provide information counselling referral service female ddr participant ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.8 Case management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Information from the demobilization operation (registration data, information related to screening and profiling, etc.), should be recorded in a secure case management system (or \u2018database\u2019). A case management system enables DDR practitioners to track assistance and progress at the individual level, and to analyse the data as a whole to identify good practices; flag problem areas; and understand how geography, gender and other variables influence demobilization and reintegration outcomes (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Processes).DDR case management systems shall be the property of the national Government but may sometimes be managed by the United Nations and handed over to the national authorities when the DDR process is complete. Which stakeholders and individuals have access to all (or some) of the data in the case management system should be agreed upon when the system is established so that necessary data protections (such as different levels of password protection) can be built in. The establishment of an effective and reliable means of case management is essential to the entire DDR programme, and is necessary to track the reinsertion and reintegration of DDR participants and follow up on protection and human rights issues. A good-quality case management system should be installed, tested and secured before DDR programmes begin. This system should be mobile, suitable for use in the field, cross-referenced and able to provide DDR teams with a clear aggregate picture of the DDR programme (including how many individuals have been processed). In all cases, security and data protections are imperative, but this is especially true in settings where armed groups remain active. In these settings, if information containing the names and locations of demobilized individuals is leaked, these individuals may find themselves subject to forcible re-recruitment.If appropriate, DDR practitioners can consider an Information, Counselling and Referral System (ICRS). An ICRS stores data not only on the reintegration intentions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, but on available services and reintegration opportunities, which should be mapped prior to reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). By mapping and regularly updating referral information, DDR practitioners can identify critical gaps in service delivery and take steps to address these gaps, for example, by investing in existing services to strengthen their capacities, advocating to remove access barriers for DDR participants and providing direct assistance.ICRS caseworkers should be trained in basic counselling techniques and refer demobilized individuals to services\/opportunities, including peacebuilding and recovery programmes, governmental services, potential employers and community-based support structures. Counselling involves the identification of individual needs and capabilities, and may lead to a wide variety of referrals, ranging from job placement to psychosocial assistance to voluntary testing for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Integrating specific questions on psychosocial screening, health and gender is pivotal to understanding the specific needs of men and women and defining appropriate reintegration interventions. The usefulness of an ICRS hinges on having trained ICRS caseworkers with whom ex-combatants can regularly and easily communicate. Female caseworkers should provide information, counselling and referral services to female DDR participants. By actively seeking the feedback of DDR participants on programmes and services, the counselling relationship fosters accountability. If an ICRS is to be used, it should be established as soon as possible during demobilization and continued throughout the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":994, "Sentence":"By actively seeking the feedback of DDR participants on programmes and services, the counselling relationship fosters accountability.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization actively seeking feedback ddr participant programme service counselling relationship foster accountability ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"6. Transitional WAM as a DDR-related tool", "Heading2":"6.8 Case management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Information from the demobilization operation (registration data, information related to screening and profiling, etc.), should be recorded in a secure case management system (or \u2018database\u2019). A case management system enables DDR practitioners to track assistance and progress at the individual level, and to analyse the data as a whole to identify good practices; flag problem areas; and understand how geography, gender and other variables influence demobilization and reintegration outcomes (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Processes).DDR case management systems shall be the property of the national Government but may sometimes be managed by the United Nations and handed over to the national authorities when the DDR process is complete. Which stakeholders and individuals have access to all (or some) of the data in the case management system should be agreed upon when the system is established so that necessary data protections (such as different levels of password protection) can be built in. The establishment of an effective and reliable means of case management is essential to the entire DDR programme, and is necessary to track the reinsertion and reintegration of DDR participants and follow up on protection and human rights issues. A good-quality case management system should be installed, tested and secured before DDR programmes begin. This system should be mobile, suitable for use in the field, cross-referenced and able to provide DDR teams with a clear aggregate picture of the DDR programme (including how many individuals have been processed). In all cases, security and data protections are imperative, but this is especially true in settings where armed groups remain active. In these settings, if information containing the names and locations of demobilized individuals is leaked, these individuals may find themselves subject to forcible re-recruitment.If appropriate, DDR practitioners can consider an Information, Counselling and Referral System (ICRS). An ICRS stores data not only on the reintegration intentions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, but on available services and reintegration opportunities, which should be mapped prior to reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). By mapping and regularly updating referral information, DDR practitioners can identify critical gaps in service delivery and take steps to address these gaps, for example, by investing in existing services to strengthen their capacities, advocating to remove access barriers for DDR participants and providing direct assistance.ICRS caseworkers should be trained in basic counselling techniques and refer demobilized individuals to services\/opportunities, including peacebuilding and recovery programmes, governmental services, potential employers and community-based support structures. Counselling involves the identification of individual needs and capabilities, and may lead to a wide variety of referrals, ranging from job placement to psychosocial assistance to voluntary testing for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Integrating specific questions on psychosocial screening, health and gender is pivotal to understanding the specific needs of men and women and defining appropriate reintegration interventions. The usefulness of an ICRS hinges on having trained ICRS caseworkers with whom ex-combatants can regularly and easily communicate. Female caseworkers should provide information, counselling and referral services to female DDR participants. By actively seeking the feedback of DDR participants on programmes and services, the counselling relationship fosters accountability. If an ICRS is to be used, it should be established as soon as possible during demobilization and continued throughout the DDR programme.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":994, "Sentence":"If an ICRS is to be used, it should be established as soon as possible during demobilization and continued throughout the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization icrs used established soon possible demobilization continued throughout ddr programme ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Reinsertion support is transitional assistance provided as part of a DDR programme and is the second step of demobilization. It aims to provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with support to meet their immediate needs and those of their dependants, until they are able to enter a reintegration programme. Reinsertion assistance should be planned to pave the way for reintegration support and should consist of time-bound, basic benefits delivered for up to 12 months. In mission settings, reinsertion assistance may be funded from the UN peacekeeping operation\u2019s assessed budget.This kind of transitional assistance may be provided in a number of different ways, including: \\n Cash-based transfers; \\n Commodity vouchers; \\n In-kind support; and \\n Public works programmesCash-based transfers include cash; digital transfers, such as payments made to mobile phones (\u2018mobile money transfers\u2019); and value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps \u2013 provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers may also be commodity-based \u2013 i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given commodities, for example, food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). Commodities may also be provided directly as in-kind support. In-kind support may take various forms, including food or \u2018reinsertion kits\u2019. The latter are often composed of materials linked to job training or future employment, such as fishing kits and agricultural tools. Finally, public works programmes create temporary opportunities for demobilized individuals to receive cash, vouchers or food\/other commodities as part of a reinsertion package. In some cases, reinsertion support may also be provided in the form of vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities. For guidance on these latter two options, see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":995, "Sentence":"Reinsertion support is transitional assistance provided as part of a DDR programme and is the second step of demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization reinsertion support transitional assistance provided part ddr programme second step demobilization ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Reinsertion support is transitional assistance provided as part of a DDR programme and is the second step of demobilization. It aims to provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with support to meet their immediate needs and those of their dependants, until they are able to enter a reintegration programme. Reinsertion assistance should be planned to pave the way for reintegration support and should consist of time-bound, basic benefits delivered for up to 12 months. In mission settings, reinsertion assistance may be funded from the UN peacekeeping operation\u2019s assessed budget.This kind of transitional assistance may be provided in a number of different ways, including: \\n Cash-based transfers; \\n Commodity vouchers; \\n In-kind support; and \\n Public works programmesCash-based transfers include cash; digital transfers, such as payments made to mobile phones (\u2018mobile money transfers\u2019); and value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps \u2013 provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers may also be commodity-based \u2013 i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given commodities, for example, food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). Commodities may also be provided directly as in-kind support. In-kind support may take various forms, including food or \u2018reinsertion kits\u2019. The latter are often composed of materials linked to job training or future employment, such as fishing kits and agricultural tools. Finally, public works programmes create temporary opportunities for demobilized individuals to receive cash, vouchers or food\/other commodities as part of a reinsertion package. In some cases, reinsertion support may also be provided in the form of vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities. For guidance on these latter two options, see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":995, "Sentence":"It aims to provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with support to meet their immediate needs and those of their dependants, until they are able to enter a reintegration programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization aim provide excombatants person formerly associated armed force group support meet immediate need dependant able enter reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Reinsertion support is transitional assistance provided as part of a DDR programme and is the second step of demobilization. It aims to provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with support to meet their immediate needs and those of their dependants, until they are able to enter a reintegration programme. Reinsertion assistance should be planned to pave the way for reintegration support and should consist of time-bound, basic benefits delivered for up to 12 months. In mission settings, reinsertion assistance may be funded from the UN peacekeeping operation\u2019s assessed budget.This kind of transitional assistance may be provided in a number of different ways, including: \\n Cash-based transfers; \\n Commodity vouchers; \\n In-kind support; and \\n Public works programmesCash-based transfers include cash; digital transfers, such as payments made to mobile phones (\u2018mobile money transfers\u2019); and value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps \u2013 provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers may also be commodity-based \u2013 i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given commodities, for example, food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). Commodities may also be provided directly as in-kind support. In-kind support may take various forms, including food or \u2018reinsertion kits\u2019. The latter are often composed of materials linked to job training or future employment, such as fishing kits and agricultural tools. Finally, public works programmes create temporary opportunities for demobilized individuals to receive cash, vouchers or food\/other commodities as part of a reinsertion package. In some cases, reinsertion support may also be provided in the form of vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities. For guidance on these latter two options, see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":995, "Sentence":"Reinsertion assistance should be planned to pave the way for reintegration support and should consist of time-bound, basic benefits delivered for up to 12 months.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization reinsertion assistance planned pave way reintegration support consist timebound basic benefit delivered 12 month ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Reinsertion support is transitional assistance provided as part of a DDR programme and is the second step of demobilization. It aims to provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with support to meet their immediate needs and those of their dependants, until they are able to enter a reintegration programme. Reinsertion assistance should be planned to pave the way for reintegration support and should consist of time-bound, basic benefits delivered for up to 12 months. In mission settings, reinsertion assistance may be funded from the UN peacekeeping operation\u2019s assessed budget.This kind of transitional assistance may be provided in a number of different ways, including: \\n Cash-based transfers; \\n Commodity vouchers; \\n In-kind support; and \\n Public works programmesCash-based transfers include cash; digital transfers, such as payments made to mobile phones (\u2018mobile money transfers\u2019); and value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps \u2013 provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers may also be commodity-based \u2013 i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given commodities, for example, food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). Commodities may also be provided directly as in-kind support. In-kind support may take various forms, including food or \u2018reinsertion kits\u2019. The latter are often composed of materials linked to job training or future employment, such as fishing kits and agricultural tools. Finally, public works programmes create temporary opportunities for demobilized individuals to receive cash, vouchers or food\/other commodities as part of a reinsertion package. In some cases, reinsertion support may also be provided in the form of vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities. For guidance on these latter two options, see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":995, "Sentence":"In mission settings, reinsertion assistance may be funded from the UN peacekeeping operation\u2019s assessed budget.This kind of transitional assistance may be provided in a number of different ways, including: \\n Cash-based transfers; \\n Commodity vouchers; \\n In-kind support; and \\n Public works programmesCash-based transfers include cash; digital transfers, such as payments made to mobile phones (\u2018mobile money transfers\u2019); and value vouchers.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization mission setting reinsertion assistance may funded un peacekeeping operation \u2019 assessed budget.this kind transitional assistance may provided number different way including n cashbased transfer n commodity voucher n inkind support n public work programmescashbased transfer include cash digital transfer payment made mobile phone \u2018 mobile money transfer \u2019 value voucher ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Reinsertion support is transitional assistance provided as part of a DDR programme and is the second step of demobilization. It aims to provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with support to meet their immediate needs and those of their dependants, until they are able to enter a reintegration programme. Reinsertion assistance should be planned to pave the way for reintegration support and should consist of time-bound, basic benefits delivered for up to 12 months. In mission settings, reinsertion assistance may be funded from the UN peacekeeping operation\u2019s assessed budget.This kind of transitional assistance may be provided in a number of different ways, including: \\n Cash-based transfers; \\n Commodity vouchers; \\n In-kind support; and \\n Public works programmesCash-based transfers include cash; digital transfers, such as payments made to mobile phones (\u2018mobile money transfers\u2019); and value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps \u2013 provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers may also be commodity-based \u2013 i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given commodities, for example, food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). Commodities may also be provided directly as in-kind support. In-kind support may take various forms, including food or \u2018reinsertion kits\u2019. The latter are often composed of materials linked to job training or future employment, such as fishing kits and agricultural tools. Finally, public works programmes create temporary opportunities for demobilized individuals to receive cash, vouchers or food\/other commodities as part of a reinsertion package. In some cases, reinsertion support may also be provided in the form of vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities. For guidance on these latter two options, see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":995, "Sentence":"Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps \u2013 provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization value voucher \u2013 also known gift card stamp \u2013 provide access commodity given monetary amount often used predetermined location including selected shop ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Reinsertion support is transitional assistance provided as part of a DDR programme and is the second step of demobilization. It aims to provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with support to meet their immediate needs and those of their dependants, until they are able to enter a reintegration programme. Reinsertion assistance should be planned to pave the way for reintegration support and should consist of time-bound, basic benefits delivered for up to 12 months. In mission settings, reinsertion assistance may be funded from the UN peacekeeping operation\u2019s assessed budget.This kind of transitional assistance may be provided in a number of different ways, including: \\n Cash-based transfers; \\n Commodity vouchers; \\n In-kind support; and \\n Public works programmesCash-based transfers include cash; digital transfers, such as payments made to mobile phones (\u2018mobile money transfers\u2019); and value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps \u2013 provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers may also be commodity-based \u2013 i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given commodities, for example, food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). Commodities may also be provided directly as in-kind support. In-kind support may take various forms, including food or \u2018reinsertion kits\u2019. The latter are often composed of materials linked to job training or future employment, such as fishing kits and agricultural tools. Finally, public works programmes create temporary opportunities for demobilized individuals to receive cash, vouchers or food\/other commodities as part of a reinsertion package. In some cases, reinsertion support may also be provided in the form of vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities. For guidance on these latter two options, see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":995, "Sentence":"Vouchers may also be commodity-based \u2013 i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given commodities, for example, food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization voucher may also commoditybased \u2013 i.e . tied predefined quantity given commodity example food see iddrs 5.50 food assistance ddr ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Reinsertion support is transitional assistance provided as part of a DDR programme and is the second step of demobilization. It aims to provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with support to meet their immediate needs and those of their dependants, until they are able to enter a reintegration programme. Reinsertion assistance should be planned to pave the way for reintegration support and should consist of time-bound, basic benefits delivered for up to 12 months. In mission settings, reinsertion assistance may be funded from the UN peacekeeping operation\u2019s assessed budget.This kind of transitional assistance may be provided in a number of different ways, including: \\n Cash-based transfers; \\n Commodity vouchers; \\n In-kind support; and \\n Public works programmesCash-based transfers include cash; digital transfers, such as payments made to mobile phones (\u2018mobile money transfers\u2019); and value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps \u2013 provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers may also be commodity-based \u2013 i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given commodities, for example, food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). Commodities may also be provided directly as in-kind support. In-kind support may take various forms, including food or \u2018reinsertion kits\u2019. The latter are often composed of materials linked to job training or future employment, such as fishing kits and agricultural tools. Finally, public works programmes create temporary opportunities for demobilized individuals to receive cash, vouchers or food\/other commodities as part of a reinsertion package. In some cases, reinsertion support may also be provided in the form of vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities. For guidance on these latter two options, see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":995, "Sentence":"Commodities may also be provided directly as in-kind support.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization commodity may also provided directly inkind support ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Reinsertion support is transitional assistance provided as part of a DDR programme and is the second step of demobilization. It aims to provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with support to meet their immediate needs and those of their dependants, until they are able to enter a reintegration programme. Reinsertion assistance should be planned to pave the way for reintegration support and should consist of time-bound, basic benefits delivered for up to 12 months. In mission settings, reinsertion assistance may be funded from the UN peacekeeping operation\u2019s assessed budget.This kind of transitional assistance may be provided in a number of different ways, including: \\n Cash-based transfers; \\n Commodity vouchers; \\n In-kind support; and \\n Public works programmesCash-based transfers include cash; digital transfers, such as payments made to mobile phones (\u2018mobile money transfers\u2019); and value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps \u2013 provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers may also be commodity-based \u2013 i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given commodities, for example, food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). Commodities may also be provided directly as in-kind support. In-kind support may take various forms, including food or \u2018reinsertion kits\u2019. The latter are often composed of materials linked to job training or future employment, such as fishing kits and agricultural tools. Finally, public works programmes create temporary opportunities for demobilized individuals to receive cash, vouchers or food\/other commodities as part of a reinsertion package. In some cases, reinsertion support may also be provided in the form of vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities. For guidance on these latter two options, see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":995, "Sentence":"In-kind support may take various forms, including food or \u2018reinsertion kits\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization inkind support may take various form including food \u2018 reinsertion kit \u2019 ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Reinsertion support is transitional assistance provided as part of a DDR programme and is the second step of demobilization. It aims to provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with support to meet their immediate needs and those of their dependants, until they are able to enter a reintegration programme. Reinsertion assistance should be planned to pave the way for reintegration support and should consist of time-bound, basic benefits delivered for up to 12 months. In mission settings, reinsertion assistance may be funded from the UN peacekeeping operation\u2019s assessed budget.This kind of transitional assistance may be provided in a number of different ways, including: \\n Cash-based transfers; \\n Commodity vouchers; \\n In-kind support; and \\n Public works programmesCash-based transfers include cash; digital transfers, such as payments made to mobile phones (\u2018mobile money transfers\u2019); and value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps \u2013 provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers may also be commodity-based \u2013 i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given commodities, for example, food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). Commodities may also be provided directly as in-kind support. In-kind support may take various forms, including food or \u2018reinsertion kits\u2019. The latter are often composed of materials linked to job training or future employment, such as fishing kits and agricultural tools. Finally, public works programmes create temporary opportunities for demobilized individuals to receive cash, vouchers or food\/other commodities as part of a reinsertion package. In some cases, reinsertion support may also be provided in the form of vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities. For guidance on these latter two options, see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":995, "Sentence":"The latter are often composed of materials linked to job training or future employment, such as fishing kits and agricultural tools.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization latter often composed material linked job training future employment fishing kit agricultural tool ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Reinsertion support is transitional assistance provided as part of a DDR programme and is the second step of demobilization. It aims to provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with support to meet their immediate needs and those of their dependants, until they are able to enter a reintegration programme. Reinsertion assistance should be planned to pave the way for reintegration support and should consist of time-bound, basic benefits delivered for up to 12 months. In mission settings, reinsertion assistance may be funded from the UN peacekeeping operation\u2019s assessed budget.This kind of transitional assistance may be provided in a number of different ways, including: \\n Cash-based transfers; \\n Commodity vouchers; \\n In-kind support; and \\n Public works programmesCash-based transfers include cash; digital transfers, such as payments made to mobile phones (\u2018mobile money transfers\u2019); and value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps \u2013 provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers may also be commodity-based \u2013 i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given commodities, for example, food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). Commodities may also be provided directly as in-kind support. In-kind support may take various forms, including food or \u2018reinsertion kits\u2019. The latter are often composed of materials linked to job training or future employment, such as fishing kits and agricultural tools. Finally, public works programmes create temporary opportunities for demobilized individuals to receive cash, vouchers or food\/other commodities as part of a reinsertion package. In some cases, reinsertion support may also be provided in the form of vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities. For guidance on these latter two options, see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":995, "Sentence":"Finally, public works programmes create temporary opportunities for demobilized individuals to receive cash, vouchers or food\/other commodities as part of a reinsertion package.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization finally public work programme create temporary opportunity demobilized individual receive cash voucher food\/other commodity part reinsertion package ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Reinsertion support is transitional assistance provided as part of a DDR programme and is the second step of demobilization. It aims to provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with support to meet their immediate needs and those of their dependants, until they are able to enter a reintegration programme. Reinsertion assistance should be planned to pave the way for reintegration support and should consist of time-bound, basic benefits delivered for up to 12 months. In mission settings, reinsertion assistance may be funded from the UN peacekeeping operation\u2019s assessed budget.This kind of transitional assistance may be provided in a number of different ways, including: \\n Cash-based transfers; \\n Commodity vouchers; \\n In-kind support; and \\n Public works programmesCash-based transfers include cash; digital transfers, such as payments made to mobile phones (\u2018mobile money transfers\u2019); and value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps \u2013 provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers may also be commodity-based \u2013 i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given commodities, for example, food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). Commodities may also be provided directly as in-kind support. In-kind support may take various forms, including food or \u2018reinsertion kits\u2019. The latter are often composed of materials linked to job training or future employment, such as fishing kits and agricultural tools. Finally, public works programmes create temporary opportunities for demobilized individuals to receive cash, vouchers or food\/other commodities as part of a reinsertion package. In some cases, reinsertion support may also be provided in the form of vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities. For guidance on these latter two options, see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":995, "Sentence":"In some cases, reinsertion support may also be provided in the form of vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization case reinsertion support may also provided form vocational training and\/or incomegenerating opportunity ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Reinsertion support is transitional assistance provided as part of a DDR programme and is the second step of demobilization. It aims to provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with support to meet their immediate needs and those of their dependants, until they are able to enter a reintegration programme. Reinsertion assistance should be planned to pave the way for reintegration support and should consist of time-bound, basic benefits delivered for up to 12 months. In mission settings, reinsertion assistance may be funded from the UN peacekeeping operation\u2019s assessed budget.This kind of transitional assistance may be provided in a number of different ways, including: \\n Cash-based transfers; \\n Commodity vouchers; \\n In-kind support; and \\n Public works programmesCash-based transfers include cash; digital transfers, such as payments made to mobile phones (\u2018mobile money transfers\u2019); and value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps \u2013 provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers may also be commodity-based \u2013 i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given commodities, for example, food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). Commodities may also be provided directly as in-kind support. In-kind support may take various forms, including food or \u2018reinsertion kits\u2019. The latter are often composed of materials linked to job training or future employment, such as fishing kits and agricultural tools. Finally, public works programmes create temporary opportunities for demobilized individuals to receive cash, vouchers or food\/other commodities as part of a reinsertion package. In some cases, reinsertion support may also be provided in the form of vocational training and\/or income-generating opportunities. For guidance on these latter two options, see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":995, "Sentence":"For guidance on these latter two options, see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization guidance latter two option see iddrs 4.30 reintegration ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization many benefit associated provision reinsertion assistance form cash ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization recipient cash determine need ability fundamental step towards empowerment ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization cash also efficient way deliver support entail lower transaction logistics cost inkind assistance particularly term transportation storage ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization le stigma may attached cash compared inkind assistance voucher le visible nonrecipients ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization providing cash excombatants person formerly associated armed force group also reduce burden household community receive individual ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization banking system operational cash paid directly recipient \u2019 bank account thereby reducing security risk involved cash distribution time strengthening local banking system ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization provision cash may also beneficial knockon effect local market trade.prior provision cash payment ddr practitioner shall conduct review local economy \u2019 capacity absorb cash inflation ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization injection cash one locality cause local price rise adversely affect nonrecipients living area ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization ddr practitioner shall also review good available local market ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization cash little utility place commodity people require tool equipment food unavailable locally ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization ddr practitioner shall seek avoid perception cash provided payment weapon \u2018 buyback \u2019 return demobilization ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization combatant perceive paid rewarded participation ddr programme may lead expectation met perhaps sparking unrest ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization one option avoid perception pay cash demobilized individual leave demobilization site return community earlier stage ddr programme.the common concern cash often misused used purchase alcohol drug part borne evidence ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization potential misuse reduced decision related targeting conditionality ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization example household control way cash spent supported providing cash family excombatants rather excombatants alone ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization excombatants wives\/husbands also asked sign contract lead release cash ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization contract outline money supposed spent would require follow check good purchased comply term contract ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization basic literacy financial education provided alongside cash payment also help reduce risk cash misused.providing cash sometimes seen posing security risk staff transport large amount money recipient ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization cash prone diversion capture elite seizure armed group particularly setting corruption high armed conflict ongoing ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization especially true cash payment distributed regular time publicly known location ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization military commander may also try confiscate reinsertion payment ex combatant formerly control ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization woman vulnerable participant person disability chronic illness elderly increased risk confiscation payment and\/or intimidation threat ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization cash transfer may also hampered absence bank part country bank may slow process payment strict requirement term identification document ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization requirement may instance lead delays.digital payment overthecounter mobile money payment may help circumvent problem offering new discreet opportunity distribute cash ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization preliminary evidence indicates distributing cash mobile money transfer positive impact require recipient bank account recipient spend le time traveling cash pickup point waiting transfer ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization recipient also cash small amount payment needed and\/or store money mobile wallet long term.in order benefit mobile money transfer recipient need possession mobile phone minimum sim card used mobile phone shared others ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization recipient also need reside area close area mobile network coverage accessible cashout point agent ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization also necessary ensure agent sufficient cash hand order make payment ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization agent need monitored ensure adhere previously agreedupon standard ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization also important ensure recipient subjected coercion undue pressure agent use cash buy good agent \u2019 store ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.1 Cash", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"There are many benefits associated with the provision of reinsertion assistance in the form of cash. Not only can the recipients of cash determine their own needs, but the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistics costs than in-kind assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. Less stigma may be attached to cash, which, compared with in-kind assistance or vouchers, is less visible to non-recipients. Providing cash to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups can also reduce the burden on the households and communities that receive these individuals. If a banking system is operational, cash can be paid directly into recipients\u2019 bank accounts, thereby reducing the security risks involved in cash distribution and, at the same time, strengthening the local banking system. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.Prior to the provision of cash payments, DDR practitioners shall conduct a review of the local economy\u2019s capacity to absorb cash inflation. This is because the injection of cash into one locality can cause local prices to rise and adversely affect non-recipients living in the area. DDR practitioners shall also review the goods available on the local market. This is because cash will be of little utility in places where the commodities that people require (such as tools, equipment and food) are unavailable locally. DDR practitioners shall seek to avoid the perception that cash is being provided as payment for weapons (\u2018buy-back\u2019) or in return for demobilization. If combatants perceive that they are paid and rewarded for their participation in a DDR programme, this may lead to expectations that cannot be met, perhaps sparking unrest. One option to avoid this perception is to pay cash only when demobilized individuals leave demobilization sites and return to their communities, not at earlier stages of the DDR programme.The common concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, for the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract can outline how the money is supposed to be spent and would require follow- up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education should be provided alongside cash payments, as this can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused.Providing cash is sometimes seen as posing security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is especially true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Military commanders may also try to confiscate reinsertion payments from ex- combatants that were formerly under their control. Women and more vulnerable participants such as persons with disabilities, those with chronic illnesses and the elderly are at an increased risk for confiscation of payments and\/or intimidation or threats. Cash transfers may also be hampered by the absence of banks in some parts of the country, and banks may be slow to process payments and have strict requirements in terms of identification documents. These requirements may, in some instances, lead to delays.Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent these problems by offering new and discreet opportunities to distribute cash. Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash through mobile money transfers has a positive impact because it does not require that the recipient has a bank account, and because recipients spend less time traveling to cash pick-up points and waiting for their transfer. Recipients can also cash out small amounts of their payment as and when needed and\/or store money on their mobile wallet over the long term.In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone or, at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there are mobile network coverage and accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed-upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy goods in the agent\u2019s store. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":996, "Sentence":"Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization finally new user digital payment may need educated use possible provided accompanying literacy training financial education ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.2 Vouchers and in-kind support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Value and\/or commodity vouchers may be used together with or instead of cash. Several factors may prompt this choice, including donor constraints, security concerns surrounding the transportation of large amounts of cash, market weakness and\/or a desire to ensure that a particular type of good or commodity is purchased by the recipients.2 Vouchers may be more effective than cash if the objective is not just to transfer income to a household, but to meet a particular goal. For example, if the goal is to improve nutrition, then a commodity voucher may be linked to a specific type of food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). In some cases, vouchers may also be linked to specific services, such as health care, as part of the reinsertion package. Vouchers can be designed to help ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups meet their familial responsibilities. For example, vouchers can be designed so that they are redeemable at schools and shops and can be used to cover school fees or to purchase books or uniforms. Voucher systems generally require more planning and preparation than the distribution of cash, including agreements with traders so that vouchers can be exchanged easily. Setting up such a system may be challenging if local trade is mainly informal.Although giving value vouchers or cash may be preferable when local prices are declining, recipients are protected from price increases when they receive commodity vouchers or in-kind support. Many past DDR programmes have provided in-kind support through the provision of reinsertion kits, which often include clothing, eating utensils, sanitary napkins for women, diapers, hygiene materials, basic household goods, seeds and tools. While such kits may be useful if certain items are not easily available on the local market, if not well tailored to the local job market demobilized individuals may simply resell these kits at a lower market value in order to receive the cash that is required to meet more pressing and specific needs. In countries with limited infrastructure, the delivery of in-kind support may be very challenging, particularly during the rainy season. Delays may lead to unrest among demobilized individuals waiting for benefits. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may also allege that the kits are overpriced and that the items they contain could have been sourced more cheaply from elsewhere if they were instead given cash.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":997, "Sentence":"Value and\/or commodity vouchers may be used together with or instead of cash.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization value and\/or commodity voucher may used together instead cash ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.2 Vouchers and in-kind support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Value and\/or commodity vouchers may be used together with or instead of cash. Several factors may prompt this choice, including donor constraints, security concerns surrounding the transportation of large amounts of cash, market weakness and\/or a desire to ensure that a particular type of good or commodity is purchased by the recipients.2 Vouchers may be more effective than cash if the objective is not just to transfer income to a household, but to meet a particular goal. For example, if the goal is to improve nutrition, then a commodity voucher may be linked to a specific type of food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). In some cases, vouchers may also be linked to specific services, such as health care, as part of the reinsertion package. Vouchers can be designed to help ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups meet their familial responsibilities. For example, vouchers can be designed so that they are redeemable at schools and shops and can be used to cover school fees or to purchase books or uniforms. Voucher systems generally require more planning and preparation than the distribution of cash, including agreements with traders so that vouchers can be exchanged easily. Setting up such a system may be challenging if local trade is mainly informal.Although giving value vouchers or cash may be preferable when local prices are declining, recipients are protected from price increases when they receive commodity vouchers or in-kind support. Many past DDR programmes have provided in-kind support through the provision of reinsertion kits, which often include clothing, eating utensils, sanitary napkins for women, diapers, hygiene materials, basic household goods, seeds and tools. While such kits may be useful if certain items are not easily available on the local market, if not well tailored to the local job market demobilized individuals may simply resell these kits at a lower market value in order to receive the cash that is required to meet more pressing and specific needs. In countries with limited infrastructure, the delivery of in-kind support may be very challenging, particularly during the rainy season. Delays may lead to unrest among demobilized individuals waiting for benefits. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may also allege that the kits are overpriced and that the items they contain could have been sourced more cheaply from elsewhere if they were instead given cash.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":997, "Sentence":"Several factors may prompt this choice, including donor constraints, security concerns surrounding the transportation of large amounts of cash, market weakness and\/or a desire to ensure that a particular type of good or commodity is purchased by the recipients.2 Vouchers may be more effective than cash if the objective is not just to transfer income to a household, but to meet a particular goal.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization several factor may prompt choice including donor constraint security concern surrounding transportation large amount cash market weakness and\/or desire ensure particular type good commodity purchased recipients.2 voucher may effective cash objective transfer income household meet particular goal ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.2 Vouchers and in-kind support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Value and\/or commodity vouchers may be used together with or instead of cash. Several factors may prompt this choice, including donor constraints, security concerns surrounding the transportation of large amounts of cash, market weakness and\/or a desire to ensure that a particular type of good or commodity is purchased by the recipients.2 Vouchers may be more effective than cash if the objective is not just to transfer income to a household, but to meet a particular goal. For example, if the goal is to improve nutrition, then a commodity voucher may be linked to a specific type of food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). In some cases, vouchers may also be linked to specific services, such as health care, as part of the reinsertion package. Vouchers can be designed to help ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups meet their familial responsibilities. For example, vouchers can be designed so that they are redeemable at schools and shops and can be used to cover school fees or to purchase books or uniforms. Voucher systems generally require more planning and preparation than the distribution of cash, including agreements with traders so that vouchers can be exchanged easily. Setting up such a system may be challenging if local trade is mainly informal.Although giving value vouchers or cash may be preferable when local prices are declining, recipients are protected from price increases when they receive commodity vouchers or in-kind support. Many past DDR programmes have provided in-kind support through the provision of reinsertion kits, which often include clothing, eating utensils, sanitary napkins for women, diapers, hygiene materials, basic household goods, seeds and tools. While such kits may be useful if certain items are not easily available on the local market, if not well tailored to the local job market demobilized individuals may simply resell these kits at a lower market value in order to receive the cash that is required to meet more pressing and specific needs. In countries with limited infrastructure, the delivery of in-kind support may be very challenging, particularly during the rainy season. Delays may lead to unrest among demobilized individuals waiting for benefits. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may also allege that the kits are overpriced and that the items they contain could have been sourced more cheaply from elsewhere if they were instead given cash.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":997, "Sentence":"For example, if the goal is to improve nutrition, then a commodity voucher may be linked to a specific type of food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization example goal improve nutrition commodity voucher may linked specific type food see iddrs 5.50 food assistance ddr ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.2 Vouchers and in-kind support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Value and\/or commodity vouchers may be used together with or instead of cash. Several factors may prompt this choice, including donor constraints, security concerns surrounding the transportation of large amounts of cash, market weakness and\/or a desire to ensure that a particular type of good or commodity is purchased by the recipients.2 Vouchers may be more effective than cash if the objective is not just to transfer income to a household, but to meet a particular goal. For example, if the goal is to improve nutrition, then a commodity voucher may be linked to a specific type of food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). In some cases, vouchers may also be linked to specific services, such as health care, as part of the reinsertion package. Vouchers can be designed to help ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups meet their familial responsibilities. For example, vouchers can be designed so that they are redeemable at schools and shops and can be used to cover school fees or to purchase books or uniforms. Voucher systems generally require more planning and preparation than the distribution of cash, including agreements with traders so that vouchers can be exchanged easily. Setting up such a system may be challenging if local trade is mainly informal.Although giving value vouchers or cash may be preferable when local prices are declining, recipients are protected from price increases when they receive commodity vouchers or in-kind support. Many past DDR programmes have provided in-kind support through the provision of reinsertion kits, which often include clothing, eating utensils, sanitary napkins for women, diapers, hygiene materials, basic household goods, seeds and tools. While such kits may be useful if certain items are not easily available on the local market, if not well tailored to the local job market demobilized individuals may simply resell these kits at a lower market value in order to receive the cash that is required to meet more pressing and specific needs. In countries with limited infrastructure, the delivery of in-kind support may be very challenging, particularly during the rainy season. Delays may lead to unrest among demobilized individuals waiting for benefits. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may also allege that the kits are overpriced and that the items they contain could have been sourced more cheaply from elsewhere if they were instead given cash.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":997, "Sentence":"In some cases, vouchers may also be linked to specific services, such as health care, as part of the reinsertion package.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization case voucher may also linked specific service health care part reinsertion package ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.2 Vouchers and in-kind support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Value and\/or commodity vouchers may be used together with or instead of cash. Several factors may prompt this choice, including donor constraints, security concerns surrounding the transportation of large amounts of cash, market weakness and\/or a desire to ensure that a particular type of good or commodity is purchased by the recipients.2 Vouchers may be more effective than cash if the objective is not just to transfer income to a household, but to meet a particular goal. For example, if the goal is to improve nutrition, then a commodity voucher may be linked to a specific type of food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). In some cases, vouchers may also be linked to specific services, such as health care, as part of the reinsertion package. Vouchers can be designed to help ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups meet their familial responsibilities. For example, vouchers can be designed so that they are redeemable at schools and shops and can be used to cover school fees or to purchase books or uniforms. Voucher systems generally require more planning and preparation than the distribution of cash, including agreements with traders so that vouchers can be exchanged easily. Setting up such a system may be challenging if local trade is mainly informal.Although giving value vouchers or cash may be preferable when local prices are declining, recipients are protected from price increases when they receive commodity vouchers or in-kind support. Many past DDR programmes have provided in-kind support through the provision of reinsertion kits, which often include clothing, eating utensils, sanitary napkins for women, diapers, hygiene materials, basic household goods, seeds and tools. While such kits may be useful if certain items are not easily available on the local market, if not well tailored to the local job market demobilized individuals may simply resell these kits at a lower market value in order to receive the cash that is required to meet more pressing and specific needs. In countries with limited infrastructure, the delivery of in-kind support may be very challenging, particularly during the rainy season. Delays may lead to unrest among demobilized individuals waiting for benefits. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may also allege that the kits are overpriced and that the items they contain could have been sourced more cheaply from elsewhere if they were instead given cash.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":997, "Sentence":"Vouchers can be designed to help ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups meet their familial responsibilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization voucher designed help excombatants person formerly associated armed force group meet familial responsibility ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.2 Vouchers and in-kind support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Value and\/or commodity vouchers may be used together with or instead of cash. Several factors may prompt this choice, including donor constraints, security concerns surrounding the transportation of large amounts of cash, market weakness and\/or a desire to ensure that a particular type of good or commodity is purchased by the recipients.2 Vouchers may be more effective than cash if the objective is not just to transfer income to a household, but to meet a particular goal. For example, if the goal is to improve nutrition, then a commodity voucher may be linked to a specific type of food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). In some cases, vouchers may also be linked to specific services, such as health care, as part of the reinsertion package. Vouchers can be designed to help ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups meet their familial responsibilities. For example, vouchers can be designed so that they are redeemable at schools and shops and can be used to cover school fees or to purchase books or uniforms. Voucher systems generally require more planning and preparation than the distribution of cash, including agreements with traders so that vouchers can be exchanged easily. Setting up such a system may be challenging if local trade is mainly informal.Although giving value vouchers or cash may be preferable when local prices are declining, recipients are protected from price increases when they receive commodity vouchers or in-kind support. Many past DDR programmes have provided in-kind support through the provision of reinsertion kits, which often include clothing, eating utensils, sanitary napkins for women, diapers, hygiene materials, basic household goods, seeds and tools. While such kits may be useful if certain items are not easily available on the local market, if not well tailored to the local job market demobilized individuals may simply resell these kits at a lower market value in order to receive the cash that is required to meet more pressing and specific needs. In countries with limited infrastructure, the delivery of in-kind support may be very challenging, particularly during the rainy season. Delays may lead to unrest among demobilized individuals waiting for benefits. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may also allege that the kits are overpriced and that the items they contain could have been sourced more cheaply from elsewhere if they were instead given cash.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":997, "Sentence":"For example, vouchers can be designed so that they are redeemable at schools and shops and can be used to cover school fees or to purchase books or uniforms.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization example voucher designed redeemable school shop used cover school fee purchase book uniform ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.2 Vouchers and in-kind support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Value and\/or commodity vouchers may be used together with or instead of cash. Several factors may prompt this choice, including donor constraints, security concerns surrounding the transportation of large amounts of cash, market weakness and\/or a desire to ensure that a particular type of good or commodity is purchased by the recipients.2 Vouchers may be more effective than cash if the objective is not just to transfer income to a household, but to meet a particular goal. For example, if the goal is to improve nutrition, then a commodity voucher may be linked to a specific type of food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). In some cases, vouchers may also be linked to specific services, such as health care, as part of the reinsertion package. Vouchers can be designed to help ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups meet their familial responsibilities. For example, vouchers can be designed so that they are redeemable at schools and shops and can be used to cover school fees or to purchase books or uniforms. Voucher systems generally require more planning and preparation than the distribution of cash, including agreements with traders so that vouchers can be exchanged easily. Setting up such a system may be challenging if local trade is mainly informal.Although giving value vouchers or cash may be preferable when local prices are declining, recipients are protected from price increases when they receive commodity vouchers or in-kind support. Many past DDR programmes have provided in-kind support through the provision of reinsertion kits, which often include clothing, eating utensils, sanitary napkins for women, diapers, hygiene materials, basic household goods, seeds and tools. While such kits may be useful if certain items are not easily available on the local market, if not well tailored to the local job market demobilized individuals may simply resell these kits at a lower market value in order to receive the cash that is required to meet more pressing and specific needs. In countries with limited infrastructure, the delivery of in-kind support may be very challenging, particularly during the rainy season. Delays may lead to unrest among demobilized individuals waiting for benefits. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may also allege that the kits are overpriced and that the items they contain could have been sourced more cheaply from elsewhere if they were instead given cash.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":997, "Sentence":"Voucher systems generally require more planning and preparation than the distribution of cash, including agreements with traders so that vouchers can be exchanged easily.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization voucher system generally require planning preparation distribution cash including agreement trader voucher exchanged easily ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.2 Vouchers and in-kind support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Value and\/or commodity vouchers may be used together with or instead of cash. Several factors may prompt this choice, including donor constraints, security concerns surrounding the transportation of large amounts of cash, market weakness and\/or a desire to ensure that a particular type of good or commodity is purchased by the recipients.2 Vouchers may be more effective than cash if the objective is not just to transfer income to a household, but to meet a particular goal. For example, if the goal is to improve nutrition, then a commodity voucher may be linked to a specific type of food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). In some cases, vouchers may also be linked to specific services, such as health care, as part of the reinsertion package. Vouchers can be designed to help ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups meet their familial responsibilities. For example, vouchers can be designed so that they are redeemable at schools and shops and can be used to cover school fees or to purchase books or uniforms. Voucher systems generally require more planning and preparation than the distribution of cash, including agreements with traders so that vouchers can be exchanged easily. Setting up such a system may be challenging if local trade is mainly informal.Although giving value vouchers or cash may be preferable when local prices are declining, recipients are protected from price increases when they receive commodity vouchers or in-kind support. Many past DDR programmes have provided in-kind support through the provision of reinsertion kits, which often include clothing, eating utensils, sanitary napkins for women, diapers, hygiene materials, basic household goods, seeds and tools. While such kits may be useful if certain items are not easily available on the local market, if not well tailored to the local job market demobilized individuals may simply resell these kits at a lower market value in order to receive the cash that is required to meet more pressing and specific needs. In countries with limited infrastructure, the delivery of in-kind support may be very challenging, particularly during the rainy season. Delays may lead to unrest among demobilized individuals waiting for benefits. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may also allege that the kits are overpriced and that the items they contain could have been sourced more cheaply from elsewhere if they were instead given cash.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":997, "Sentence":"Setting up such a system may be challenging if local trade is mainly informal.Although giving value vouchers or cash may be preferable when local prices are declining, recipients are protected from price increases when they receive commodity vouchers or in-kind support.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization setting system may challenging local trade mainly informal.although giving value voucher cash may preferable local price declining recipient protected price increase receive commodity voucher inkind support ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.2 Vouchers and in-kind support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Value and\/or commodity vouchers may be used together with or instead of cash. Several factors may prompt this choice, including donor constraints, security concerns surrounding the transportation of large amounts of cash, market weakness and\/or a desire to ensure that a particular type of good or commodity is purchased by the recipients.2 Vouchers may be more effective than cash if the objective is not just to transfer income to a household, but to meet a particular goal. For example, if the goal is to improve nutrition, then a commodity voucher may be linked to a specific type of food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). In some cases, vouchers may also be linked to specific services, such as health care, as part of the reinsertion package. Vouchers can be designed to help ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups meet their familial responsibilities. For example, vouchers can be designed so that they are redeemable at schools and shops and can be used to cover school fees or to purchase books or uniforms. Voucher systems generally require more planning and preparation than the distribution of cash, including agreements with traders so that vouchers can be exchanged easily. Setting up such a system may be challenging if local trade is mainly informal.Although giving value vouchers or cash may be preferable when local prices are declining, recipients are protected from price increases when they receive commodity vouchers or in-kind support. Many past DDR programmes have provided in-kind support through the provision of reinsertion kits, which often include clothing, eating utensils, sanitary napkins for women, diapers, hygiene materials, basic household goods, seeds and tools. While such kits may be useful if certain items are not easily available on the local market, if not well tailored to the local job market demobilized individuals may simply resell these kits at a lower market value in order to receive the cash that is required to meet more pressing and specific needs. In countries with limited infrastructure, the delivery of in-kind support may be very challenging, particularly during the rainy season. Delays may lead to unrest among demobilized individuals waiting for benefits. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may also allege that the kits are overpriced and that the items they contain could have been sourced more cheaply from elsewhere if they were instead given cash.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":997, "Sentence":"Many past DDR programmes have provided in-kind support through the provision of reinsertion kits, which often include clothing, eating utensils, sanitary napkins for women, diapers, hygiene materials, basic household goods, seeds and tools.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization many past ddr programme provided inkind support provision reinsertion kit often include clothing eating utensil sanitary napkin woman diaper hygiene material basic household good seed tool ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.2 Vouchers and in-kind support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Value and\/or commodity vouchers may be used together with or instead of cash. Several factors may prompt this choice, including donor constraints, security concerns surrounding the transportation of large amounts of cash, market weakness and\/or a desire to ensure that a particular type of good or commodity is purchased by the recipients.2 Vouchers may be more effective than cash if the objective is not just to transfer income to a household, but to meet a particular goal. For example, if the goal is to improve nutrition, then a commodity voucher may be linked to a specific type of food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). In some cases, vouchers may also be linked to specific services, such as health care, as part of the reinsertion package. Vouchers can be designed to help ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups meet their familial responsibilities. For example, vouchers can be designed so that they are redeemable at schools and shops and can be used to cover school fees or to purchase books or uniforms. Voucher systems generally require more planning and preparation than the distribution of cash, including agreements with traders so that vouchers can be exchanged easily. Setting up such a system may be challenging if local trade is mainly informal.Although giving value vouchers or cash may be preferable when local prices are declining, recipients are protected from price increases when they receive commodity vouchers or in-kind support. Many past DDR programmes have provided in-kind support through the provision of reinsertion kits, which often include clothing, eating utensils, sanitary napkins for women, diapers, hygiene materials, basic household goods, seeds and tools. While such kits may be useful if certain items are not easily available on the local market, if not well tailored to the local job market demobilized individuals may simply resell these kits at a lower market value in order to receive the cash that is required to meet more pressing and specific needs. In countries with limited infrastructure, the delivery of in-kind support may be very challenging, particularly during the rainy season. Delays may lead to unrest among demobilized individuals waiting for benefits. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may also allege that the kits are overpriced and that the items they contain could have been sourced more cheaply from elsewhere if they were instead given cash.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":997, "Sentence":"While such kits may be useful if certain items are not easily available on the local market, if not well tailored to the local job market demobilized individuals may simply resell these kits at a lower market value in order to receive the cash that is required to meet more pressing and specific needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization kit may useful certain item easily available local market well tailored local job market demobilized individual may simply resell kit lower market value order receive cash required meet pressing specific need ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.2 Vouchers and in-kind support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Value and\/or commodity vouchers may be used together with or instead of cash. Several factors may prompt this choice, including donor constraints, security concerns surrounding the transportation of large amounts of cash, market weakness and\/or a desire to ensure that a particular type of good or commodity is purchased by the recipients.2 Vouchers may be more effective than cash if the objective is not just to transfer income to a household, but to meet a particular goal. For example, if the goal is to improve nutrition, then a commodity voucher may be linked to a specific type of food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). In some cases, vouchers may also be linked to specific services, such as health care, as part of the reinsertion package. Vouchers can be designed to help ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups meet their familial responsibilities. For example, vouchers can be designed so that they are redeemable at schools and shops and can be used to cover school fees or to purchase books or uniforms. Voucher systems generally require more planning and preparation than the distribution of cash, including agreements with traders so that vouchers can be exchanged easily. Setting up such a system may be challenging if local trade is mainly informal.Although giving value vouchers or cash may be preferable when local prices are declining, recipients are protected from price increases when they receive commodity vouchers or in-kind support. Many past DDR programmes have provided in-kind support through the provision of reinsertion kits, which often include clothing, eating utensils, sanitary napkins for women, diapers, hygiene materials, basic household goods, seeds and tools. While such kits may be useful if certain items are not easily available on the local market, if not well tailored to the local job market demobilized individuals may simply resell these kits at a lower market value in order to receive the cash that is required to meet more pressing and specific needs. In countries with limited infrastructure, the delivery of in-kind support may be very challenging, particularly during the rainy season. Delays may lead to unrest among demobilized individuals waiting for benefits. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may also allege that the kits are overpriced and that the items they contain could have been sourced more cheaply from elsewhere if they were instead given cash.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":997, "Sentence":"In countries with limited infrastructure, the delivery of in-kind support may be very challenging, particularly during the rainy season.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization country limited infrastructure delivery inkind support may challenging particularly rainy season ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.2 Vouchers and in-kind support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Value and\/or commodity vouchers may be used together with or instead of cash. Several factors may prompt this choice, including donor constraints, security concerns surrounding the transportation of large amounts of cash, market weakness and\/or a desire to ensure that a particular type of good or commodity is purchased by the recipients.2 Vouchers may be more effective than cash if the objective is not just to transfer income to a household, but to meet a particular goal. For example, if the goal is to improve nutrition, then a commodity voucher may be linked to a specific type of food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). In some cases, vouchers may also be linked to specific services, such as health care, as part of the reinsertion package. Vouchers can be designed to help ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups meet their familial responsibilities. For example, vouchers can be designed so that they are redeemable at schools and shops and can be used to cover school fees or to purchase books or uniforms. Voucher systems generally require more planning and preparation than the distribution of cash, including agreements with traders so that vouchers can be exchanged easily. Setting up such a system may be challenging if local trade is mainly informal.Although giving value vouchers or cash may be preferable when local prices are declining, recipients are protected from price increases when they receive commodity vouchers or in-kind support. Many past DDR programmes have provided in-kind support through the provision of reinsertion kits, which often include clothing, eating utensils, sanitary napkins for women, diapers, hygiene materials, basic household goods, seeds and tools. While such kits may be useful if certain items are not easily available on the local market, if not well tailored to the local job market demobilized individuals may simply resell these kits at a lower market value in order to receive the cash that is required to meet more pressing and specific needs. In countries with limited infrastructure, the delivery of in-kind support may be very challenging, particularly during the rainy season. Delays may lead to unrest among demobilized individuals waiting for benefits. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may also allege that the kits are overpriced and that the items they contain could have been sourced more cheaply from elsewhere if they were instead given cash.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":997, "Sentence":"Delays may lead to unrest among demobilized individuals waiting for benefits.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization delay may lead unrest among demobilized individual waiting benefit ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.2 Vouchers and in-kind support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Value and\/or commodity vouchers may be used together with or instead of cash. Several factors may prompt this choice, including donor constraints, security concerns surrounding the transportation of large amounts of cash, market weakness and\/or a desire to ensure that a particular type of good or commodity is purchased by the recipients.2 Vouchers may be more effective than cash if the objective is not just to transfer income to a household, but to meet a particular goal. For example, if the goal is to improve nutrition, then a commodity voucher may be linked to a specific type of food (see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Assistance in DDR). In some cases, vouchers may also be linked to specific services, such as health care, as part of the reinsertion package. Vouchers can be designed to help ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups meet their familial responsibilities. For example, vouchers can be designed so that they are redeemable at schools and shops and can be used to cover school fees or to purchase books or uniforms. Voucher systems generally require more planning and preparation than the distribution of cash, including agreements with traders so that vouchers can be exchanged easily. Setting up such a system may be challenging if local trade is mainly informal.Although giving value vouchers or cash may be preferable when local prices are declining, recipients are protected from price increases when they receive commodity vouchers or in-kind support. Many past DDR programmes have provided in-kind support through the provision of reinsertion kits, which often include clothing, eating utensils, sanitary napkins for women, diapers, hygiene materials, basic household goods, seeds and tools. While such kits may be useful if certain items are not easily available on the local market, if not well tailored to the local job market demobilized individuals may simply resell these kits at a lower market value in order to receive the cash that is required to meet more pressing and specific needs. In countries with limited infrastructure, the delivery of in-kind support may be very challenging, particularly during the rainy season. Delays may lead to unrest among demobilized individuals waiting for benefits. Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may also allege that the kits are overpriced and that the items they contain could have been sourced more cheaply from elsewhere if they were instead given cash.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":997, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may also allege that the kits are overpriced and that the items they contain could have been sourced more cheaply from elsewhere if they were instead given cash.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization excombatants person formerly associated armed force group may also allege kit overpriced item contain could sourced cheaply elsewhere instead given cash ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization work conducted part public work programme labour intensive aim build rehabilitate public\/community asset infrastructure vital sustaining livelihood community create immediate job opportunity former member armed force group member community ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization example rehabilitation maintenance road improving drainage water supply sanitation demining environmental work including planting trees.in return participation public work programme demobilized individual community member receive income form cash voucher inkind assistance food commodity onthejob training ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization public work programme may favoured cash voucher inkind transfer alone creation rehabilitation community asset may provide community better protection future negative shock rising food price drought ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization addition maintaining excombatant support network short period time approach may soften otherwise abrupt transition military civilian life ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization ensures income maintained demobilized individual reentering community ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization furthermore enabling former member armed force group contribute rebuilding community public work programme provide training opportunity may encourage reconciliation community acceptance demobilized individual may ease reintegration process.public work programme must preceded need feasibility assessment ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization willingness civilian excombatants person formerly associated armed force group undertake kind work must also assessed ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization public work programme implemented market functioning although necessary food work programme cash work activity interfere alreadyexisting livelihood practice asset infrastructure built rehabilitated meet basic need target population useful community maintained ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization additional key question determining appropriateness public work programme include n sufficient useful work available" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"\\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n security situation conducive public work programme" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"\\n What are the risks for demobilized participants?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n risk demobilized participant" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"\\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n would public work programme disrupt traditional community practice value unpaid collective work community" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"\\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n men woman interested participating public work programme" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"Are there any specific cultural considerations?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization specific cultural consideration" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"\\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n attitude community towards paid labour" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"\\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n public work programme compete local labour disrupt seasonal activity" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"\\n Do work activities vary by season?", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n work activity vary season" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"\\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization n demobilized participant require training and\/or equipment conduct worksalaries participation public work programme shall consider required order meet basic need excombatants person formerly associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization minimum wage programme location shall also taken account together total number day work completed benefit offered provider ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization demobilized participant assume different task \u2013 e.g . manage small team \u2013 differential wage criterion considered corresponding level responsibility ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task).", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization ddr practitioner shall also decide whether wage time based daily weekly wage output based tied accomplishment particular task ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization timebased wage require close monitoring ensure individual complete predefined number hour work ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization outputbased wage help avoid situation worker deliberately prolong programme ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization wage level shall regularly reviewed shall high distort local economy example causing steep increase local prices.when planning public work programme ddr practitioner shall carefully ass barrier participation demobilized individual unable engage labourintensive work elderly disabled suffer chronic illness ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization case additional alternative assistance measure direct provision cash transfer voucher inkind support considered ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization ddr practitioner shall also identify obstacle prevent participation woman formerly associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization example context employment short supply labourintensive job usually reserved men may difficult woman gain access public work programme ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization may also difficult woman take additional work particularly already managing household childcare responsibility ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization measure taken address obstacle providing flexible work schedule childcare facility close public work site ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.3 Public works programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The work that is conducted as part of a public works programme is labour intensive and aims to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community and create immediate job opportunities for former members of armed forces and groups and members of the community. Examples are the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining, or environmental work including the planting of trees.In return for their participation in a public works programme, demobilized individuals and community members receive income in the form of cash, vouchers or in-kind assistance (food or other commodities) and on-the-job training. Public works programmes may be favoured over cash, vouchers or in-kind transfers alone, because the creation or rehabilitation of community assets may provide communities with better protection against future negative shocks, such as rising food prices or drought. In addition, by maintaining ex-combatant support networks for a short period of time, this approach may soften the otherwise abrupt transition from military to civilian life. It ensures that incomes are maintained as demobilized individuals are re-entering their communities. Furthermore, by enabling former members of armed forces and groups to contribute to the rebuilding of their communities, public works programmes provide training opportunities and may encourage reconciliation and community acceptance of demobilized individuals, and may ease the reintegration process.Public works programmes must be preceded by needs and feasibility assessments. The willingness of civilians, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups to undertake this kind of work must also be assessed. Public works programmes should only be implemented when markets are functioning (although this is not necessary for food for work programmes); when cash for work activities will not interfere with already-existing livelihood practices; and when the assets and infrastructure to be built or rehabilitated will meet the basic needs of the target population, be useful to the community and can be maintained. Additional key questions for determining the appropriateness of public works programmes include: \\n Is there sufficient useful work available? \\n Is the security situation conducive to public works programmes? \\n What are the risks for demobilized participants? \\n Would public works programmes disrupt traditional community practices that value unpaid collective work for the community? \\n Are both men and women interested in participating in public works programmes? Are there any specific cultural considerations? \\n What is the attitude of the community towards paid labour? \\n Will public works programmes compete with local labour and disrupt seasonal activities? \\n Do work activities vary by season? \\n Do demobilized participants require training and\/or equipment to conduct the work?Salaries for participation in public works programmes shall consider what is required in order to meet the basic needs of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. The minimum wage in the programme location shall also be taken into account, together with the total number of days of work to be completed and the benefits being offered by other providers. If demobilized participants assume different tasks \u2013 e.g., some manage small teams \u2013 then differential wage criteria should be considered, corresponding to level of responsibility. DDR practitioners shall also decide whether wages are to be time based (a daily or weekly wage) or output based (tied to the accomplishment of a particular task). Time-based wages require close monitoring to ensure that individuals complete a pre-defined number of hours of work. Output-based wages can help to avoid a situation in which workers deliberately prolong the programme. Wage levels shall be regularly reviewed and shall not be so high as to distort the local economy, for example, by causing a steep increase in local prices.When planning public works programmes, DDR practitioners shall carefully assess the barriers to participation for demobilized individuals who are unable to engage in labour-intensive work because they are elderly, are disabled or suffer from chronic illnesses. In these cases, additional alternative assistance measures, such as the direct provision of cash transfers, vouchers or in-kind support should be considered. DDR practitioners shall also identify obstacles that prevent the participation of women formerly associated with armed forces and groups. For example, in contexts where employment is in short supply and labour-intensive jobs are usually reserved for men, it may be difficult for women to gain access to public works programmes. It may also be difficult for women to take on additional work, particularly if they are already managing households and childcare responsibilities. Measures should be taken to address these obstacles, such as providing flexible work schedules and childcare facilities close to public works sites. While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":998, "Sentence":"While women should be encouraged to participate in public works programmes, if they choose, direct cash transfers, vouchers and in-kind support may be considered instead.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization woman encouraged participate public work programme choose direct cash transfer voucher inkind support may considered instead ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.4 Determining transfer modality", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"As explained above, cash, vouchers and in-kind support can be provided as part of a public works programme or as stand-alone reinsertion support. DDR practitioners should choose whether to use one of these transfer modalities (e.g., cash), or a mix of cash, vouchers and\/or in-kind support. At a minimum, the choice of a particular modality or combination of modalities should be based on: \\n The preference of recipients; \\n The ability of markets to supply goods at an appropriate price and quality; \\n The access of DDR participants to local markets; \\n The predicted effectiveness of different transfers in meeting the desired outcome; \\n The timeliness in which transitional reinsertion assistance can be delivered; \\n Time to delivery; \\n The potential negative impacts of different types of transfers; \\n The potential benefits of different types of transfers; \\n The comparative efficiency and cost of different types of transfers; \\n The risks associated with different types of transfers; \\n The protection risks related to gender; \\n The capacity of different organizations to deliver transfers; \\n The availability of reliable delivery mechanisms; and \\n Potential links to social protection programming.When an appropriate transfer modality has been decided upon, DDR practitioners shall also consider whether reinsertion assistance should be given as one-off support or paid in instalments. One preferred approach is payment by instalments that decrease over time, thereby reducing dependency and clearly establishing that assistance is strictly time limited.DDR practitioners shall also consider whether all demobilized individuals should be provided with the same amount of assistance or whether different amounts should be given to different individuals on the basis of pre-defined criteria such as rank, number of dependants, length of service, reintegration location (urban or rural) and\/or level of disability. If differentiating criteria are adopted, they should be transparent, clearly communicated and based on needs identified through careful profiling (see section 6.3).Finally, a non-corruptible identification system must be established during demobilization that will allow former combatants to receive their reinsertion assistance. The payment list needs to be complete and accurate, former combatants should be registered and provided with a non-transferable photographic ID, and benefits should be tracked through a DDR database or case management system. For information on registration and identity documents, see sections 6.2 and 6.6; for information on case management, see section 6.8.As much as possible, the value of reinsertion assistance should be similar to the standard of living of the rest of the population and be in line with assistance provided to other conflict-affected populations such as refugees or internally displaced persons. This is to avoid the perception that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are receiving special treatment. It is also to avoid creating a disincentive to find employment.Irrespective of the type of transfer modality selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers.For guidance on cash, voucher and in-kind assistance to children, as well as the participation of children in public works programmes, see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":999, "Sentence":"As explained above, cash, vouchers and in-kind support can be provided as part of a public works programme or as stand-alone reinsertion support.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization explained cash voucher inkind support provided part public work programme standalone reinsertion support ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.4 Determining transfer modality", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"As explained above, cash, vouchers and in-kind support can be provided as part of a public works programme or as stand-alone reinsertion support. DDR practitioners should choose whether to use one of these transfer modalities (e.g., cash), or a mix of cash, vouchers and\/or in-kind support. At a minimum, the choice of a particular modality or combination of modalities should be based on: \\n The preference of recipients; \\n The ability of markets to supply goods at an appropriate price and quality; \\n The access of DDR participants to local markets; \\n The predicted effectiveness of different transfers in meeting the desired outcome; \\n The timeliness in which transitional reinsertion assistance can be delivered; \\n Time to delivery; \\n The potential negative impacts of different types of transfers; \\n The potential benefits of different types of transfers; \\n The comparative efficiency and cost of different types of transfers; \\n The risks associated with different types of transfers; \\n The protection risks related to gender; \\n The capacity of different organizations to deliver transfers; \\n The availability of reliable delivery mechanisms; and \\n Potential links to social protection programming.When an appropriate transfer modality has been decided upon, DDR practitioners shall also consider whether reinsertion assistance should be given as one-off support or paid in instalments. One preferred approach is payment by instalments that decrease over time, thereby reducing dependency and clearly establishing that assistance is strictly time limited.DDR practitioners shall also consider whether all demobilized individuals should be provided with the same amount of assistance or whether different amounts should be given to different individuals on the basis of pre-defined criteria such as rank, number of dependants, length of service, reintegration location (urban or rural) and\/or level of disability. If differentiating criteria are adopted, they should be transparent, clearly communicated and based on needs identified through careful profiling (see section 6.3).Finally, a non-corruptible identification system must be established during demobilization that will allow former combatants to receive their reinsertion assistance. The payment list needs to be complete and accurate, former combatants should be registered and provided with a non-transferable photographic ID, and benefits should be tracked through a DDR database or case management system. For information on registration and identity documents, see sections 6.2 and 6.6; for information on case management, see section 6.8.As much as possible, the value of reinsertion assistance should be similar to the standard of living of the rest of the population and be in line with assistance provided to other conflict-affected populations such as refugees or internally displaced persons. This is to avoid the perception that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are receiving special treatment. It is also to avoid creating a disincentive to find employment.Irrespective of the type of transfer modality selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers.For guidance on cash, voucher and in-kind assistance to children, as well as the participation of children in public works programmes, see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":999, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should choose whether to use one of these transfer modalities (e.g., cash), or a mix of cash, vouchers and\/or in-kind support.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization ddr practitioner choose whether use one transfer modality e.g . cash mix cash voucher and\/or inkind support ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.4 Determining transfer modality", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"As explained above, cash, vouchers and in-kind support can be provided as part of a public works programme or as stand-alone reinsertion support. DDR practitioners should choose whether to use one of these transfer modalities (e.g., cash), or a mix of cash, vouchers and\/or in-kind support. At a minimum, the choice of a particular modality or combination of modalities should be based on: \\n The preference of recipients; \\n The ability of markets to supply goods at an appropriate price and quality; \\n The access of DDR participants to local markets; \\n The predicted effectiveness of different transfers in meeting the desired outcome; \\n The timeliness in which transitional reinsertion assistance can be delivered; \\n Time to delivery; \\n The potential negative impacts of different types of transfers; \\n The potential benefits of different types of transfers; \\n The comparative efficiency and cost of different types of transfers; \\n The risks associated with different types of transfers; \\n The protection risks related to gender; \\n The capacity of different organizations to deliver transfers; \\n The availability of reliable delivery mechanisms; and \\n Potential links to social protection programming.When an appropriate transfer modality has been decided upon, DDR practitioners shall also consider whether reinsertion assistance should be given as one-off support or paid in instalments. One preferred approach is payment by instalments that decrease over time, thereby reducing dependency and clearly establishing that assistance is strictly time limited.DDR practitioners shall also consider whether all demobilized individuals should be provided with the same amount of assistance or whether different amounts should be given to different individuals on the basis of pre-defined criteria such as rank, number of dependants, length of service, reintegration location (urban or rural) and\/or level of disability. If differentiating criteria are adopted, they should be transparent, clearly communicated and based on needs identified through careful profiling (see section 6.3).Finally, a non-corruptible identification system must be established during demobilization that will allow former combatants to receive their reinsertion assistance. The payment list needs to be complete and accurate, former combatants should be registered and provided with a non-transferable photographic ID, and benefits should be tracked through a DDR database or case management system. For information on registration and identity documents, see sections 6.2 and 6.6; for information on case management, see section 6.8.As much as possible, the value of reinsertion assistance should be similar to the standard of living of the rest of the population and be in line with assistance provided to other conflict-affected populations such as refugees or internally displaced persons. This is to avoid the perception that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are receiving special treatment. It is also to avoid creating a disincentive to find employment.Irrespective of the type of transfer modality selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers.For guidance on cash, voucher and in-kind assistance to children, as well as the participation of children in public works programmes, see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":999, "Sentence":"At a minimum, the choice of a particular modality or combination of modalities should be based on: \\n The preference of recipients; \\n The ability of markets to supply goods at an appropriate price and quality; \\n The access of DDR participants to local markets; \\n The predicted effectiveness of different transfers in meeting the desired outcome; \\n The timeliness in which transitional reinsertion assistance can be delivered; \\n Time to delivery; \\n The potential negative impacts of different types of transfers; \\n The potential benefits of different types of transfers; \\n The comparative efficiency and cost of different types of transfers; \\n The risks associated with different types of transfers; \\n The protection risks related to gender; \\n The capacity of different organizations to deliver transfers; \\n The availability of reliable delivery mechanisms; and \\n Potential links to social protection programming.When an appropriate transfer modality has been decided upon, DDR practitioners shall also consider whether reinsertion assistance should be given as one-off support or paid in instalments.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization minimum choice particular modality combination modality based n preference recipient n ability market supply good appropriate price quality n access ddr participant local market n predicted effectiveness different transfer meeting desired outcome n timeliness transitional reinsertion assistance delivered n time delivery n potential negative impact different type transfer n potential benefit different type transfer n comparative efficiency cost different type transfer n risk associated different type transfer n protection risk related gender n capacity different organization deliver transfer n availability reliable delivery mechanism n potential link social protection programming.when appropriate transfer modality decided upon ddr practitioner shall also consider whether reinsertion assistance given oneoff support paid instalment ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.4 Determining transfer modality", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"As explained above, cash, vouchers and in-kind support can be provided as part of a public works programme or as stand-alone reinsertion support. DDR practitioners should choose whether to use one of these transfer modalities (e.g., cash), or a mix of cash, vouchers and\/or in-kind support. At a minimum, the choice of a particular modality or combination of modalities should be based on: \\n The preference of recipients; \\n The ability of markets to supply goods at an appropriate price and quality; \\n The access of DDR participants to local markets; \\n The predicted effectiveness of different transfers in meeting the desired outcome; \\n The timeliness in which transitional reinsertion assistance can be delivered; \\n Time to delivery; \\n The potential negative impacts of different types of transfers; \\n The potential benefits of different types of transfers; \\n The comparative efficiency and cost of different types of transfers; \\n The risks associated with different types of transfers; \\n The protection risks related to gender; \\n The capacity of different organizations to deliver transfers; \\n The availability of reliable delivery mechanisms; and \\n Potential links to social protection programming.When an appropriate transfer modality has been decided upon, DDR practitioners shall also consider whether reinsertion assistance should be given as one-off support or paid in instalments. One preferred approach is payment by instalments that decrease over time, thereby reducing dependency and clearly establishing that assistance is strictly time limited.DDR practitioners shall also consider whether all demobilized individuals should be provided with the same amount of assistance or whether different amounts should be given to different individuals on the basis of pre-defined criteria such as rank, number of dependants, length of service, reintegration location (urban or rural) and\/or level of disability. If differentiating criteria are adopted, they should be transparent, clearly communicated and based on needs identified through careful profiling (see section 6.3).Finally, a non-corruptible identification system must be established during demobilization that will allow former combatants to receive their reinsertion assistance. The payment list needs to be complete and accurate, former combatants should be registered and provided with a non-transferable photographic ID, and benefits should be tracked through a DDR database or case management system. For information on registration and identity documents, see sections 6.2 and 6.6; for information on case management, see section 6.8.As much as possible, the value of reinsertion assistance should be similar to the standard of living of the rest of the population and be in line with assistance provided to other conflict-affected populations such as refugees or internally displaced persons. This is to avoid the perception that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are receiving special treatment. It is also to avoid creating a disincentive to find employment.Irrespective of the type of transfer modality selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers.For guidance on cash, voucher and in-kind assistance to children, as well as the participation of children in public works programmes, see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":999, "Sentence":"One preferred approach is payment by instalments that decrease over time, thereby reducing dependency and clearly establishing that assistance is strictly time limited.DDR practitioners shall also consider whether all demobilized individuals should be provided with the same amount of assistance or whether different amounts should be given to different individuals on the basis of pre-defined criteria such as rank, number of dependants, length of service, reintegration location (urban or rural) and\/or level of disability.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization one preferred approach payment instalment decrease time thereby reducing dependency clearly establishing assistance strictly time limited.ddr practitioner shall also consider whether demobilized individual provided amount assistance whether different amount given different individual basis predefined criterion rank number dependant length service reintegration location urban rural and\/or level disability ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.4 Determining transfer modality", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"As explained above, cash, vouchers and in-kind support can be provided as part of a public works programme or as stand-alone reinsertion support. DDR practitioners should choose whether to use one of these transfer modalities (e.g., cash), or a mix of cash, vouchers and\/or in-kind support. At a minimum, the choice of a particular modality or combination of modalities should be based on: \\n The preference of recipients; \\n The ability of markets to supply goods at an appropriate price and quality; \\n The access of DDR participants to local markets; \\n The predicted effectiveness of different transfers in meeting the desired outcome; \\n The timeliness in which transitional reinsertion assistance can be delivered; \\n Time to delivery; \\n The potential negative impacts of different types of transfers; \\n The potential benefits of different types of transfers; \\n The comparative efficiency and cost of different types of transfers; \\n The risks associated with different types of transfers; \\n The protection risks related to gender; \\n The capacity of different organizations to deliver transfers; \\n The availability of reliable delivery mechanisms; and \\n Potential links to social protection programming.When an appropriate transfer modality has been decided upon, DDR practitioners shall also consider whether reinsertion assistance should be given as one-off support or paid in instalments. One preferred approach is payment by instalments that decrease over time, thereby reducing dependency and clearly establishing that assistance is strictly time limited.DDR practitioners shall also consider whether all demobilized individuals should be provided with the same amount of assistance or whether different amounts should be given to different individuals on the basis of pre-defined criteria such as rank, number of dependants, length of service, reintegration location (urban or rural) and\/or level of disability. If differentiating criteria are adopted, they should be transparent, clearly communicated and based on needs identified through careful profiling (see section 6.3).Finally, a non-corruptible identification system must be established during demobilization that will allow former combatants to receive their reinsertion assistance. The payment list needs to be complete and accurate, former combatants should be registered and provided with a non-transferable photographic ID, and benefits should be tracked through a DDR database or case management system. For information on registration and identity documents, see sections 6.2 and 6.6; for information on case management, see section 6.8.As much as possible, the value of reinsertion assistance should be similar to the standard of living of the rest of the population and be in line with assistance provided to other conflict-affected populations such as refugees or internally displaced persons. This is to avoid the perception that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are receiving special treatment. It is also to avoid creating a disincentive to find employment.Irrespective of the type of transfer modality selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers.For guidance on cash, voucher and in-kind assistance to children, as well as the participation of children in public works programmes, see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":999, "Sentence":"If differentiating criteria are adopted, they should be transparent, clearly communicated and based on needs identified through careful profiling (see section 6.3).Finally, a non-corruptible identification system must be established during demobilization that will allow former combatants to receive their reinsertion assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization differentiating criterion adopted transparent clearly communicated based need identified careful profiling see section 6.3.finally noncorruptible identification system must established demobilization allow former combatant receive reinsertion assistance ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.4 Determining transfer modality", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"As explained above, cash, vouchers and in-kind support can be provided as part of a public works programme or as stand-alone reinsertion support. DDR practitioners should choose whether to use one of these transfer modalities (e.g., cash), or a mix of cash, vouchers and\/or in-kind support. At a minimum, the choice of a particular modality or combination of modalities should be based on: \\n The preference of recipients; \\n The ability of markets to supply goods at an appropriate price and quality; \\n The access of DDR participants to local markets; \\n The predicted effectiveness of different transfers in meeting the desired outcome; \\n The timeliness in which transitional reinsertion assistance can be delivered; \\n Time to delivery; \\n The potential negative impacts of different types of transfers; \\n The potential benefits of different types of transfers; \\n The comparative efficiency and cost of different types of transfers; \\n The risks associated with different types of transfers; \\n The protection risks related to gender; \\n The capacity of different organizations to deliver transfers; \\n The availability of reliable delivery mechanisms; and \\n Potential links to social protection programming.When an appropriate transfer modality has been decided upon, DDR practitioners shall also consider whether reinsertion assistance should be given as one-off support or paid in instalments. One preferred approach is payment by instalments that decrease over time, thereby reducing dependency and clearly establishing that assistance is strictly time limited.DDR practitioners shall also consider whether all demobilized individuals should be provided with the same amount of assistance or whether different amounts should be given to different individuals on the basis of pre-defined criteria such as rank, number of dependants, length of service, reintegration location (urban or rural) and\/or level of disability. If differentiating criteria are adopted, they should be transparent, clearly communicated and based on needs identified through careful profiling (see section 6.3).Finally, a non-corruptible identification system must be established during demobilization that will allow former combatants to receive their reinsertion assistance. The payment list needs to be complete and accurate, former combatants should be registered and provided with a non-transferable photographic ID, and benefits should be tracked through a DDR database or case management system. For information on registration and identity documents, see sections 6.2 and 6.6; for information on case management, see section 6.8.As much as possible, the value of reinsertion assistance should be similar to the standard of living of the rest of the population and be in line with assistance provided to other conflict-affected populations such as refugees or internally displaced persons. This is to avoid the perception that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are receiving special treatment. It is also to avoid creating a disincentive to find employment.Irrespective of the type of transfer modality selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers.For guidance on cash, voucher and in-kind assistance to children, as well as the participation of children in public works programmes, see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":999, "Sentence":"The payment list needs to be complete and accurate, former combatants should be registered and provided with a non-transferable photographic ID, and benefits should be tracked through a DDR database or case management system.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization payment list need complete accurate former combatant registered provided nontransferable photographic id benefit tracked ddr database case management system ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.4 Determining transfer modality", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"As explained above, cash, vouchers and in-kind support can be provided as part of a public works programme or as stand-alone reinsertion support. DDR practitioners should choose whether to use one of these transfer modalities (e.g., cash), or a mix of cash, vouchers and\/or in-kind support. At a minimum, the choice of a particular modality or combination of modalities should be based on: \\n The preference of recipients; \\n The ability of markets to supply goods at an appropriate price and quality; \\n The access of DDR participants to local markets; \\n The predicted effectiveness of different transfers in meeting the desired outcome; \\n The timeliness in which transitional reinsertion assistance can be delivered; \\n Time to delivery; \\n The potential negative impacts of different types of transfers; \\n The potential benefits of different types of transfers; \\n The comparative efficiency and cost of different types of transfers; \\n The risks associated with different types of transfers; \\n The protection risks related to gender; \\n The capacity of different organizations to deliver transfers; \\n The availability of reliable delivery mechanisms; and \\n Potential links to social protection programming.When an appropriate transfer modality has been decided upon, DDR practitioners shall also consider whether reinsertion assistance should be given as one-off support or paid in instalments. One preferred approach is payment by instalments that decrease over time, thereby reducing dependency and clearly establishing that assistance is strictly time limited.DDR practitioners shall also consider whether all demobilized individuals should be provided with the same amount of assistance or whether different amounts should be given to different individuals on the basis of pre-defined criteria such as rank, number of dependants, length of service, reintegration location (urban or rural) and\/or level of disability. If differentiating criteria are adopted, they should be transparent, clearly communicated and based on needs identified through careful profiling (see section 6.3).Finally, a non-corruptible identification system must be established during demobilization that will allow former combatants to receive their reinsertion assistance. The payment list needs to be complete and accurate, former combatants should be registered and provided with a non-transferable photographic ID, and benefits should be tracked through a DDR database or case management system. For information on registration and identity documents, see sections 6.2 and 6.6; for information on case management, see section 6.8.As much as possible, the value of reinsertion assistance should be similar to the standard of living of the rest of the population and be in line with assistance provided to other conflict-affected populations such as refugees or internally displaced persons. This is to avoid the perception that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are receiving special treatment. It is also to avoid creating a disincentive to find employment.Irrespective of the type of transfer modality selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers.For guidance on cash, voucher and in-kind assistance to children, as well as the participation of children in public works programmes, see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":999, "Sentence":"For information on registration and identity documents, see sections 6.2 and 6.6; for information on case management, see section 6.8.As much as possible, the value of reinsertion assistance should be similar to the standard of living of the rest of the population and be in line with assistance provided to other conflict-affected populations such as refugees or internally displaced persons.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization information registration identity document see section 6.2 6.6 information case management see section 6.8.as much possible value reinsertion assistance similar standard living rest population line assistance provided conflictaffected population refugee internally displaced person ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.4 Determining transfer modality", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"As explained above, cash, vouchers and in-kind support can be provided as part of a public works programme or as stand-alone reinsertion support. DDR practitioners should choose whether to use one of these transfer modalities (e.g., cash), or a mix of cash, vouchers and\/or in-kind support. At a minimum, the choice of a particular modality or combination of modalities should be based on: \\n The preference of recipients; \\n The ability of markets to supply goods at an appropriate price and quality; \\n The access of DDR participants to local markets; \\n The predicted effectiveness of different transfers in meeting the desired outcome; \\n The timeliness in which transitional reinsertion assistance can be delivered; \\n Time to delivery; \\n The potential negative impacts of different types of transfers; \\n The potential benefits of different types of transfers; \\n The comparative efficiency and cost of different types of transfers; \\n The risks associated with different types of transfers; \\n The protection risks related to gender; \\n The capacity of different organizations to deliver transfers; \\n The availability of reliable delivery mechanisms; and \\n Potential links to social protection programming.When an appropriate transfer modality has been decided upon, DDR practitioners shall also consider whether reinsertion assistance should be given as one-off support or paid in instalments. One preferred approach is payment by instalments that decrease over time, thereby reducing dependency and clearly establishing that assistance is strictly time limited.DDR practitioners shall also consider whether all demobilized individuals should be provided with the same amount of assistance or whether different amounts should be given to different individuals on the basis of pre-defined criteria such as rank, number of dependants, length of service, reintegration location (urban or rural) and\/or level of disability. If differentiating criteria are adopted, they should be transparent, clearly communicated and based on needs identified through careful profiling (see section 6.3).Finally, a non-corruptible identification system must be established during demobilization that will allow former combatants to receive their reinsertion assistance. The payment list needs to be complete and accurate, former combatants should be registered and provided with a non-transferable photographic ID, and benefits should be tracked through a DDR database or case management system. For information on registration and identity documents, see sections 6.2 and 6.6; for information on case management, see section 6.8.As much as possible, the value of reinsertion assistance should be similar to the standard of living of the rest of the population and be in line with assistance provided to other conflict-affected populations such as refugees or internally displaced persons. This is to avoid the perception that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are receiving special treatment. It is also to avoid creating a disincentive to find employment.Irrespective of the type of transfer modality selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers.For guidance on cash, voucher and in-kind assistance to children, as well as the participation of children in public works programmes, see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":999, "Sentence":"This is to avoid the perception that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are receiving special treatment.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization avoid perception ex combatant person formerly associated armed force group receiving special treatment ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"7. DDR arms control activities and SALW control", "Heading2":"7.4 Determining transfer modality", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"As explained above, cash, vouchers and in-kind support can be provided as part of a public works programme or as stand-alone reinsertion support. DDR practitioners should choose whether to use one of these transfer modalities (e.g., cash), or a mix of cash, vouchers and\/or in-kind support. At a minimum, the choice of a particular modality or combination of modalities should be based on: \\n The preference of recipients; \\n The ability of markets to supply goods at an appropriate price and quality; \\n The access of DDR participants to local markets; \\n The predicted effectiveness of different transfers in meeting the desired outcome; \\n The timeliness in which transitional reinsertion assistance can be delivered; \\n Time to delivery; \\n The potential negative impacts of different types of transfers; \\n The potential benefits of different types of transfers; \\n The comparative efficiency and cost of different types of transfers; \\n The risks associated with different types of transfers; \\n The protection risks related to gender; \\n The capacity of different organizations to deliver transfers; \\n The availability of reliable delivery mechanisms; and \\n Potential links to social protection programming.When an appropriate transfer modality has been decided upon, DDR practitioners shall also consider whether reinsertion assistance should be given as one-off support or paid in instalments. One preferred approach is payment by instalments that decrease over time, thereby reducing dependency and clearly establishing that assistance is strictly time limited.DDR practitioners shall also consider whether all demobilized individuals should be provided with the same amount of assistance or whether different amounts should be given to different individuals on the basis of pre-defined criteria such as rank, number of dependants, length of service, reintegration location (urban or rural) and\/or level of disability. If differentiating criteria are adopted, they should be transparent, clearly communicated and based on needs identified through careful profiling (see section 6.3).Finally, a non-corruptible identification system must be established during demobilization that will allow former combatants to receive their reinsertion assistance. The payment list needs to be complete and accurate, former combatants should be registered and provided with a non-transferable photographic ID, and benefits should be tracked through a DDR database or case management system. For information on registration and identity documents, see sections 6.2 and 6.6; for information on case management, see section 6.8.As much as possible, the value of reinsertion assistance should be similar to the standard of living of the rest of the population and be in line with assistance provided to other conflict-affected populations such as refugees or internally displaced persons. This is to avoid the perception that ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are receiving special treatment. It is also to avoid creating a disincentive to find employment.Irrespective of the type of transfer modality selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers.For guidance on cash, voucher and in-kind assistance to children, as well as the participation of children in public works programmes, see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":999, "Sentence":"It is also to avoid creating a disincentive to find employment.Irrespective of the type of transfer modality selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers.For guidance on cash, voucher and in-kind assistance to children, as well as the participation of children in public works programmes, see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization also avoid creating disincentive find employment.irrespective type transfer modality selected delivery mechanism cash voucher mobile money transfer take account potential protection issue genderspecific barriers.for guidance cash voucher inkind assistance child well participation child public work programme see iddrs 5.20 child ddr iddrs 5.30 youth ddr ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Annex C: Sample terms and conditions form", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"As a participant in the DDR process, the terms of your benefits are conditional on the following: \\n 1. Your hand over of all weapons and ammunition; \\n 2. Your agreement to renounce military status; \\n 3. Your acceptance of and conformity with all rules and regulations during the full period of your stay at the disarmament and\/or demobilization site; \\n 4. Your agreement to respect the staff, officials and other demobilized combatants at the disarmament and\/or demobilization site; \\n 5. Your refraining from all criminal activity and contributing to your nation\u2019s development; \\n 6. Your cooperation with and participation in programmes designed to facilitate your return to civilian life.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1000, "Sentence":"As a participant in the DDR process, the terms of your benefits are conditional on the following: \\n 1.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization participant ddr process term benefit conditional following n 1 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Annex C: Sample terms and conditions form", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"As a participant in the DDR process, the terms of your benefits are conditional on the following: \\n 1. Your hand over of all weapons and ammunition; \\n 2. Your agreement to renounce military status; \\n 3. Your acceptance of and conformity with all rules and regulations during the full period of your stay at the disarmament and\/or demobilization site; \\n 4. Your agreement to respect the staff, officials and other demobilized combatants at the disarmament and\/or demobilization site; \\n 5. Your refraining from all criminal activity and contributing to your nation\u2019s development; \\n 6. Your cooperation with and participation in programmes designed to facilitate your return to civilian life.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1000, "Sentence":"Your hand over of all weapons and ammunition; \\n 2.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization hand weapon ammunition n 2 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Annex C: Sample terms and conditions form", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"As a participant in the DDR process, the terms of your benefits are conditional on the following: \\n 1. Your hand over of all weapons and ammunition; \\n 2. Your agreement to renounce military status; \\n 3. Your acceptance of and conformity with all rules and regulations during the full period of your stay at the disarmament and\/or demobilization site; \\n 4. Your agreement to respect the staff, officials and other demobilized combatants at the disarmament and\/or demobilization site; \\n 5. Your refraining from all criminal activity and contributing to your nation\u2019s development; \\n 6. Your cooperation with and participation in programmes designed to facilitate your return to civilian life.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1000, "Sentence":"Your agreement to renounce military status; \\n 3.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization agreement renounce military status n 3 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Annex C: Sample terms and conditions form", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"As a participant in the DDR process, the terms of your benefits are conditional on the following: \\n 1. Your hand over of all weapons and ammunition; \\n 2. Your agreement to renounce military status; \\n 3. Your acceptance of and conformity with all rules and regulations during the full period of your stay at the disarmament and\/or demobilization site; \\n 4. Your agreement to respect the staff, officials and other demobilized combatants at the disarmament and\/or demobilization site; \\n 5. Your refraining from all criminal activity and contributing to your nation\u2019s development; \\n 6. Your cooperation with and participation in programmes designed to facilitate your return to civilian life.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1000, "Sentence":"Your acceptance of and conformity with all rules and regulations during the full period of your stay at the disarmament and\/or demobilization site; \\n 4.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization acceptance conformity rule regulation full period stay disarmament and\/or demobilization site n 4 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Annex C: Sample terms and conditions form", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"As a participant in the DDR process, the terms of your benefits are conditional on the following: \\n 1. Your hand over of all weapons and ammunition; \\n 2. Your agreement to renounce military status; \\n 3. Your acceptance of and conformity with all rules and regulations during the full period of your stay at the disarmament and\/or demobilization site; \\n 4. Your agreement to respect the staff, officials and other demobilized combatants at the disarmament and\/or demobilization site; \\n 5. Your refraining from all criminal activity and contributing to your nation\u2019s development; \\n 6. Your cooperation with and participation in programmes designed to facilitate your return to civilian life.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1000, "Sentence":"Your agreement to respect the staff, officials and other demobilized combatants at the disarmament and\/or demobilization site; \\n 5.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization agreement respect staff official demobilized combatant disarmament and\/or demobilization site n 5 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Annex C: Sample terms and conditions form", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"As a participant in the DDR process, the terms of your benefits are conditional on the following: \\n 1. Your hand over of all weapons and ammunition; \\n 2. Your agreement to renounce military status; \\n 3. Your acceptance of and conformity with all rules and regulations during the full period of your stay at the disarmament and\/or demobilization site; \\n 4. Your agreement to respect the staff, officials and other demobilized combatants at the disarmament and\/or demobilization site; \\n 5. Your refraining from all criminal activity and contributing to your nation\u2019s development; \\n 6. Your cooperation with and participation in programmes designed to facilitate your return to civilian life.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1000, "Sentence":"Your refraining from all criminal activity and contributing to your nation\u2019s development; \\n 6.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization refraining criminal activity contributing nation \u2019 development n 6 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#7366A3", "Level":4, "LevelName":"4", "Title":"IDDRS-4.20-Demobilization", "Heading1":"Annex C: Sample terms and conditions form", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Demobilization", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"As a participant in the DDR process, the terms of your benefits are conditional on the following: \\n 1. Your hand over of all weapons and ammunition; \\n 2. Your agreement to renounce military status; \\n 3. Your acceptance of and conformity with all rules and regulations during the full period of your stay at the disarmament and\/or demobilization site; \\n 4. Your agreement to respect the staff, officials and other demobilized combatants at the disarmament and\/or demobilization site; \\n 5. Your refraining from all criminal activity and contributing to your nation\u2019s development; \\n 6. Your cooperation with and participation in programmes designed to facilitate your return to civilian life.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1000, "Sentence":"Your cooperation with and participation in programmes designed to facilitate your return to civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Demobilization cooperation participation programme designed facilitate return civilian life ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often conducted in contexts where the majority of combatants and fighters are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. If DDR processes cater only to younger children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth may be missed. DDR practitioners shall promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth, as failure to consider their needs and opinions can undermine their rights, their agency and, ultimately, peace processes.In countries affected by conflict, youth are a force for positive change, while at the same time, some young people may be vulnerable to being drawn into conflict. To provide a safe and inclusive space for youth, manage the expectations of youth in DDR processes and direct their energies positively, DDR practitioners shall support youth in developing the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive and promote an enabling environment where young people can more systematically have influence upon their own lives and societies. The reintegration of youth is particularly complex due to a mix of underlying economic, social, political, and\/or personal factors often driving the recruitment of youth into armed forces or groups. This may include social and political marginalization, protracted displacement, other forms of social exclusion, or grievances against the State. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay special attention to promoting significant participation and representation of youth in all DDR processes, so that reintegration support is sensitive to the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth. Their reintegration may also be more complex, as they may have become associated with an armed forces or group during formative years of brain development and social conditioning. Whenever possible, reintegration planning for youth should be linked to national reconciliation strategies, socioeconomic reconstruction plans, and youth development policies.The specific needs of youth transitioning to civilian life are diverse, as youth often require gender responsive services to address social, acute and\/or chronic medical and psychosocial support needs resulting from the conflict. Youth may face greater levels of societal pressure and responsibility, and as such, be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles in their communities. Recognizing this, as well as the need for youth to have the ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways, DDR practitioners shall invest in and mainstream life skills development across all components of reintegration programming.As youth may have missed out on education or may have limited employable skills to enable them to provide for their families and contribute to their communities, complementary programming is required to promote educational and employment opportunities that are sensitive to their needs and challenges. This may include support to access formal education, accelerated learning curricula, or market-driven vocational training coupled with apprenticeships or \u2018on-the-job\u2019 (OTJ) training to develop employable skills. Youth should also be supported with employment services ranging from employment counselling, career guidance and information on the labour market to help youth identify opportunities for learning and work and navigate the complex barriers they may face when entering the labour market. Given the severe competition often seen in post-conflict labour markets, DDR processes should support opportunities for youth entrepreneurship, business training, and access to microfinance to equip youth with practical skills and capital to start and manage small businesses or cooperatives and should consider the long-term impact of educational deprivation on their employment opportunities.It is critical that youth have a structured platform to have their voices heard by decision- makers, often comprised of the elder generation. Where possible DDR practitioners should look for opportunities to include the perspective of youth in local and national peace processes. DDR practitioners should ensure that youth play a central role in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of Community Violence Reduction (CVR) programmes and transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM) measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1001, "Sentence":"DDR processes are often conducted in contexts where the majority of combatants and fighters are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr process often conducted context majority combatant fighter youth age group defined united nation un 15 24 year age ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often conducted in contexts where the majority of combatants and fighters are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. If DDR processes cater only to younger children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth may be missed. DDR practitioners shall promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth, as failure to consider their needs and opinions can undermine their rights, their agency and, ultimately, peace processes.In countries affected by conflict, youth are a force for positive change, while at the same time, some young people may be vulnerable to being drawn into conflict. To provide a safe and inclusive space for youth, manage the expectations of youth in DDR processes and direct their energies positively, DDR practitioners shall support youth in developing the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive and promote an enabling environment where young people can more systematically have influence upon their own lives and societies. The reintegration of youth is particularly complex due to a mix of underlying economic, social, political, and\/or personal factors often driving the recruitment of youth into armed forces or groups. This may include social and political marginalization, protracted displacement, other forms of social exclusion, or grievances against the State. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay special attention to promoting significant participation and representation of youth in all DDR processes, so that reintegration support is sensitive to the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth. Their reintegration may also be more complex, as they may have become associated with an armed forces or group during formative years of brain development and social conditioning. Whenever possible, reintegration planning for youth should be linked to national reconciliation strategies, socioeconomic reconstruction plans, and youth development policies.The specific needs of youth transitioning to civilian life are diverse, as youth often require gender responsive services to address social, acute and\/or chronic medical and psychosocial support needs resulting from the conflict. Youth may face greater levels of societal pressure and responsibility, and as such, be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles in their communities. Recognizing this, as well as the need for youth to have the ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways, DDR practitioners shall invest in and mainstream life skills development across all components of reintegration programming.As youth may have missed out on education or may have limited employable skills to enable them to provide for their families and contribute to their communities, complementary programming is required to promote educational and employment opportunities that are sensitive to their needs and challenges. This may include support to access formal education, accelerated learning curricula, or market-driven vocational training coupled with apprenticeships or \u2018on-the-job\u2019 (OTJ) training to develop employable skills. Youth should also be supported with employment services ranging from employment counselling, career guidance and information on the labour market to help youth identify opportunities for learning and work and navigate the complex barriers they may face when entering the labour market. Given the severe competition often seen in post-conflict labour markets, DDR processes should support opportunities for youth entrepreneurship, business training, and access to microfinance to equip youth with practical skills and capital to start and manage small businesses or cooperatives and should consider the long-term impact of educational deprivation on their employment opportunities.It is critical that youth have a structured platform to have their voices heard by decision- makers, often comprised of the elder generation. Where possible DDR practitioners should look for opportunities to include the perspective of youth in local and national peace processes. DDR practitioners should ensure that youth play a central role in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of Community Violence Reduction (CVR) programmes and transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM) measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1001, "Sentence":"If DDR processes cater only to younger children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth may be missed.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr process cater younger child mature adult specific need experience youth may missed ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often conducted in contexts where the majority of combatants and fighters are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. If DDR processes cater only to younger children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth may be missed. DDR practitioners shall promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth, as failure to consider their needs and opinions can undermine their rights, their agency and, ultimately, peace processes.In countries affected by conflict, youth are a force for positive change, while at the same time, some young people may be vulnerable to being drawn into conflict. To provide a safe and inclusive space for youth, manage the expectations of youth in DDR processes and direct their energies positively, DDR practitioners shall support youth in developing the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive and promote an enabling environment where young people can more systematically have influence upon their own lives and societies. The reintegration of youth is particularly complex due to a mix of underlying economic, social, political, and\/or personal factors often driving the recruitment of youth into armed forces or groups. This may include social and political marginalization, protracted displacement, other forms of social exclusion, or grievances against the State. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay special attention to promoting significant participation and representation of youth in all DDR processes, so that reintegration support is sensitive to the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth. Their reintegration may also be more complex, as they may have become associated with an armed forces or group during formative years of brain development and social conditioning. Whenever possible, reintegration planning for youth should be linked to national reconciliation strategies, socioeconomic reconstruction plans, and youth development policies.The specific needs of youth transitioning to civilian life are diverse, as youth often require gender responsive services to address social, acute and\/or chronic medical and psychosocial support needs resulting from the conflict. Youth may face greater levels of societal pressure and responsibility, and as such, be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles in their communities. Recognizing this, as well as the need for youth to have the ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways, DDR practitioners shall invest in and mainstream life skills development across all components of reintegration programming.As youth may have missed out on education or may have limited employable skills to enable them to provide for their families and contribute to their communities, complementary programming is required to promote educational and employment opportunities that are sensitive to their needs and challenges. This may include support to access formal education, accelerated learning curricula, or market-driven vocational training coupled with apprenticeships or \u2018on-the-job\u2019 (OTJ) training to develop employable skills. Youth should also be supported with employment services ranging from employment counselling, career guidance and information on the labour market to help youth identify opportunities for learning and work and navigate the complex barriers they may face when entering the labour market. Given the severe competition often seen in post-conflict labour markets, DDR processes should support opportunities for youth entrepreneurship, business training, and access to microfinance to equip youth with practical skills and capital to start and manage small businesses or cooperatives and should consider the long-term impact of educational deprivation on their employment opportunities.It is critical that youth have a structured platform to have their voices heard by decision- makers, often comprised of the elder generation. Where possible DDR practitioners should look for opportunities to include the perspective of youth in local and national peace processes. DDR practitioners should ensure that youth play a central role in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of Community Violence Reduction (CVR) programmes and transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM) measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1001, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth, as failure to consider their needs and opinions can undermine their rights, their agency and, ultimately, peace processes.In countries affected by conflict, youth are a force for positive change, while at the same time, some young people may be vulnerable to being drawn into conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr practitioner shall promote participation recovery sustainable reintegration youth failure consider need opinion undermine right agency ultimately peace processes.in country affected conflict youth force positive change time young people may vulnerable drawn conflict ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often conducted in contexts where the majority of combatants and fighters are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. If DDR processes cater only to younger children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth may be missed. DDR practitioners shall promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth, as failure to consider their needs and opinions can undermine their rights, their agency and, ultimately, peace processes.In countries affected by conflict, youth are a force for positive change, while at the same time, some young people may be vulnerable to being drawn into conflict. To provide a safe and inclusive space for youth, manage the expectations of youth in DDR processes and direct their energies positively, DDR practitioners shall support youth in developing the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive and promote an enabling environment where young people can more systematically have influence upon their own lives and societies. The reintegration of youth is particularly complex due to a mix of underlying economic, social, political, and\/or personal factors often driving the recruitment of youth into armed forces or groups. This may include social and political marginalization, protracted displacement, other forms of social exclusion, or grievances against the State. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay special attention to promoting significant participation and representation of youth in all DDR processes, so that reintegration support is sensitive to the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth. Their reintegration may also be more complex, as they may have become associated with an armed forces or group during formative years of brain development and social conditioning. Whenever possible, reintegration planning for youth should be linked to national reconciliation strategies, socioeconomic reconstruction plans, and youth development policies.The specific needs of youth transitioning to civilian life are diverse, as youth often require gender responsive services to address social, acute and\/or chronic medical and psychosocial support needs resulting from the conflict. Youth may face greater levels of societal pressure and responsibility, and as such, be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles in their communities. Recognizing this, as well as the need for youth to have the ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways, DDR practitioners shall invest in and mainstream life skills development across all components of reintegration programming.As youth may have missed out on education or may have limited employable skills to enable them to provide for their families and contribute to their communities, complementary programming is required to promote educational and employment opportunities that are sensitive to their needs and challenges. This may include support to access formal education, accelerated learning curricula, or market-driven vocational training coupled with apprenticeships or \u2018on-the-job\u2019 (OTJ) training to develop employable skills. Youth should also be supported with employment services ranging from employment counselling, career guidance and information on the labour market to help youth identify opportunities for learning and work and navigate the complex barriers they may face when entering the labour market. Given the severe competition often seen in post-conflict labour markets, DDR processes should support opportunities for youth entrepreneurship, business training, and access to microfinance to equip youth with practical skills and capital to start and manage small businesses or cooperatives and should consider the long-term impact of educational deprivation on their employment opportunities.It is critical that youth have a structured platform to have their voices heard by decision- makers, often comprised of the elder generation. Where possible DDR practitioners should look for opportunities to include the perspective of youth in local and national peace processes. DDR practitioners should ensure that youth play a central role in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of Community Violence Reduction (CVR) programmes and transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM) measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1001, "Sentence":"To provide a safe and inclusive space for youth, manage the expectations of youth in DDR processes and direct their energies positively, DDR practitioners shall support youth in developing the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive and promote an enabling environment where young people can more systematically have influence upon their own lives and societies.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR provide safe inclusive space youth manage expectation youth ddr process direct energy positively ddr practitioner shall support youth developing necessary knowledge skill thrive promote enabling environment young people systematically influence upon life society ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often conducted in contexts where the majority of combatants and fighters are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. If DDR processes cater only to younger children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth may be missed. DDR practitioners shall promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth, as failure to consider their needs and opinions can undermine their rights, their agency and, ultimately, peace processes.In countries affected by conflict, youth are a force for positive change, while at the same time, some young people may be vulnerable to being drawn into conflict. To provide a safe and inclusive space for youth, manage the expectations of youth in DDR processes and direct their energies positively, DDR practitioners shall support youth in developing the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive and promote an enabling environment where young people can more systematically have influence upon their own lives and societies. The reintegration of youth is particularly complex due to a mix of underlying economic, social, political, and\/or personal factors often driving the recruitment of youth into armed forces or groups. This may include social and political marginalization, protracted displacement, other forms of social exclusion, or grievances against the State. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay special attention to promoting significant participation and representation of youth in all DDR processes, so that reintegration support is sensitive to the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth. Their reintegration may also be more complex, as they may have become associated with an armed forces or group during formative years of brain development and social conditioning. Whenever possible, reintegration planning for youth should be linked to national reconciliation strategies, socioeconomic reconstruction plans, and youth development policies.The specific needs of youth transitioning to civilian life are diverse, as youth often require gender responsive services to address social, acute and\/or chronic medical and psychosocial support needs resulting from the conflict. Youth may face greater levels of societal pressure and responsibility, and as such, be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles in their communities. Recognizing this, as well as the need for youth to have the ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways, DDR practitioners shall invest in and mainstream life skills development across all components of reintegration programming.As youth may have missed out on education or may have limited employable skills to enable them to provide for their families and contribute to their communities, complementary programming is required to promote educational and employment opportunities that are sensitive to their needs and challenges. This may include support to access formal education, accelerated learning curricula, or market-driven vocational training coupled with apprenticeships or \u2018on-the-job\u2019 (OTJ) training to develop employable skills. Youth should also be supported with employment services ranging from employment counselling, career guidance and information on the labour market to help youth identify opportunities for learning and work and navigate the complex barriers they may face when entering the labour market. Given the severe competition often seen in post-conflict labour markets, DDR processes should support opportunities for youth entrepreneurship, business training, and access to microfinance to equip youth with practical skills and capital to start and manage small businesses or cooperatives and should consider the long-term impact of educational deprivation on their employment opportunities.It is critical that youth have a structured platform to have their voices heard by decision- makers, often comprised of the elder generation. Where possible DDR practitioners should look for opportunities to include the perspective of youth in local and national peace processes. DDR practitioners should ensure that youth play a central role in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of Community Violence Reduction (CVR) programmes and transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM) measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1001, "Sentence":"The reintegration of youth is particularly complex due to a mix of underlying economic, social, political, and\/or personal factors often driving the recruitment of youth into armed forces or groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR reintegration youth particularly complex due mix underlying economic social political and\/or personal factor often driving recruitment youth armed force group ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often conducted in contexts where the majority of combatants and fighters are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. If DDR processes cater only to younger children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth may be missed. DDR practitioners shall promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth, as failure to consider their needs and opinions can undermine their rights, their agency and, ultimately, peace processes.In countries affected by conflict, youth are a force for positive change, while at the same time, some young people may be vulnerable to being drawn into conflict. To provide a safe and inclusive space for youth, manage the expectations of youth in DDR processes and direct their energies positively, DDR practitioners shall support youth in developing the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive and promote an enabling environment where young people can more systematically have influence upon their own lives and societies. The reintegration of youth is particularly complex due to a mix of underlying economic, social, political, and\/or personal factors often driving the recruitment of youth into armed forces or groups. This may include social and political marginalization, protracted displacement, other forms of social exclusion, or grievances against the State. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay special attention to promoting significant participation and representation of youth in all DDR processes, so that reintegration support is sensitive to the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth. Their reintegration may also be more complex, as they may have become associated with an armed forces or group during formative years of brain development and social conditioning. Whenever possible, reintegration planning for youth should be linked to national reconciliation strategies, socioeconomic reconstruction plans, and youth development policies.The specific needs of youth transitioning to civilian life are diverse, as youth often require gender responsive services to address social, acute and\/or chronic medical and psychosocial support needs resulting from the conflict. Youth may face greater levels of societal pressure and responsibility, and as such, be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles in their communities. Recognizing this, as well as the need for youth to have the ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways, DDR practitioners shall invest in and mainstream life skills development across all components of reintegration programming.As youth may have missed out on education or may have limited employable skills to enable them to provide for their families and contribute to their communities, complementary programming is required to promote educational and employment opportunities that are sensitive to their needs and challenges. This may include support to access formal education, accelerated learning curricula, or market-driven vocational training coupled with apprenticeships or \u2018on-the-job\u2019 (OTJ) training to develop employable skills. Youth should also be supported with employment services ranging from employment counselling, career guidance and information on the labour market to help youth identify opportunities for learning and work and navigate the complex barriers they may face when entering the labour market. Given the severe competition often seen in post-conflict labour markets, DDR processes should support opportunities for youth entrepreneurship, business training, and access to microfinance to equip youth with practical skills and capital to start and manage small businesses or cooperatives and should consider the long-term impact of educational deprivation on their employment opportunities.It is critical that youth have a structured platform to have their voices heard by decision- makers, often comprised of the elder generation. Where possible DDR practitioners should look for opportunities to include the perspective of youth in local and national peace processes. DDR practitioners should ensure that youth play a central role in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of Community Violence Reduction (CVR) programmes and transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM) measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1001, "Sentence":"This may include social and political marginalization, protracted displacement, other forms of social exclusion, or grievances against the State.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR may include social political marginalization protracted displacement form social exclusion grievance state ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often conducted in contexts where the majority of combatants and fighters are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. If DDR processes cater only to younger children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth may be missed. DDR practitioners shall promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth, as failure to consider their needs and opinions can undermine their rights, their agency and, ultimately, peace processes.In countries affected by conflict, youth are a force for positive change, while at the same time, some young people may be vulnerable to being drawn into conflict. To provide a safe and inclusive space for youth, manage the expectations of youth in DDR processes and direct their energies positively, DDR practitioners shall support youth in developing the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive and promote an enabling environment where young people can more systematically have influence upon their own lives and societies. The reintegration of youth is particularly complex due to a mix of underlying economic, social, political, and\/or personal factors often driving the recruitment of youth into armed forces or groups. This may include social and political marginalization, protracted displacement, other forms of social exclusion, or grievances against the State. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay special attention to promoting significant participation and representation of youth in all DDR processes, so that reintegration support is sensitive to the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth. Their reintegration may also be more complex, as they may have become associated with an armed forces or group during formative years of brain development and social conditioning. Whenever possible, reintegration planning for youth should be linked to national reconciliation strategies, socioeconomic reconstruction plans, and youth development policies.The specific needs of youth transitioning to civilian life are diverse, as youth often require gender responsive services to address social, acute and\/or chronic medical and psychosocial support needs resulting from the conflict. Youth may face greater levels of societal pressure and responsibility, and as such, be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles in their communities. Recognizing this, as well as the need for youth to have the ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways, DDR practitioners shall invest in and mainstream life skills development across all components of reintegration programming.As youth may have missed out on education or may have limited employable skills to enable them to provide for their families and contribute to their communities, complementary programming is required to promote educational and employment opportunities that are sensitive to their needs and challenges. This may include support to access formal education, accelerated learning curricula, or market-driven vocational training coupled with apprenticeships or \u2018on-the-job\u2019 (OTJ) training to develop employable skills. Youth should also be supported with employment services ranging from employment counselling, career guidance and information on the labour market to help youth identify opportunities for learning and work and navigate the complex barriers they may face when entering the labour market. Given the severe competition often seen in post-conflict labour markets, DDR processes should support opportunities for youth entrepreneurship, business training, and access to microfinance to equip youth with practical skills and capital to start and manage small businesses or cooperatives and should consider the long-term impact of educational deprivation on their employment opportunities.It is critical that youth have a structured platform to have their voices heard by decision- makers, often comprised of the elder generation. Where possible DDR practitioners should look for opportunities to include the perspective of youth in local and national peace processes. DDR practitioners should ensure that youth play a central role in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of Community Violence Reduction (CVR) programmes and transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM) measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1001, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall therefore pay special attention to promoting significant participation and representation of youth in all DDR processes, so that reintegration support is sensitive to the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr practitioner shall therefore pay special attention promoting significant participation representation youth ddr process reintegration support sensitive right aspiration perspective youth ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often conducted in contexts where the majority of combatants and fighters are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. If DDR processes cater only to younger children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth may be missed. DDR practitioners shall promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth, as failure to consider their needs and opinions can undermine their rights, their agency and, ultimately, peace processes.In countries affected by conflict, youth are a force for positive change, while at the same time, some young people may be vulnerable to being drawn into conflict. To provide a safe and inclusive space for youth, manage the expectations of youth in DDR processes and direct their energies positively, DDR practitioners shall support youth in developing the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive and promote an enabling environment where young people can more systematically have influence upon their own lives and societies. The reintegration of youth is particularly complex due to a mix of underlying economic, social, political, and\/or personal factors often driving the recruitment of youth into armed forces or groups. This may include social and political marginalization, protracted displacement, other forms of social exclusion, or grievances against the State. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay special attention to promoting significant participation and representation of youth in all DDR processes, so that reintegration support is sensitive to the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth. Their reintegration may also be more complex, as they may have become associated with an armed forces or group during formative years of brain development and social conditioning. Whenever possible, reintegration planning for youth should be linked to national reconciliation strategies, socioeconomic reconstruction plans, and youth development policies.The specific needs of youth transitioning to civilian life are diverse, as youth often require gender responsive services to address social, acute and\/or chronic medical and psychosocial support needs resulting from the conflict. Youth may face greater levels of societal pressure and responsibility, and as such, be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles in their communities. Recognizing this, as well as the need for youth to have the ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways, DDR practitioners shall invest in and mainstream life skills development across all components of reintegration programming.As youth may have missed out on education or may have limited employable skills to enable them to provide for their families and contribute to their communities, complementary programming is required to promote educational and employment opportunities that are sensitive to their needs and challenges. This may include support to access formal education, accelerated learning curricula, or market-driven vocational training coupled with apprenticeships or \u2018on-the-job\u2019 (OTJ) training to develop employable skills. Youth should also be supported with employment services ranging from employment counselling, career guidance and information on the labour market to help youth identify opportunities for learning and work and navigate the complex barriers they may face when entering the labour market. Given the severe competition often seen in post-conflict labour markets, DDR processes should support opportunities for youth entrepreneurship, business training, and access to microfinance to equip youth with practical skills and capital to start and manage small businesses or cooperatives and should consider the long-term impact of educational deprivation on their employment opportunities.It is critical that youth have a structured platform to have their voices heard by decision- makers, often comprised of the elder generation. Where possible DDR practitioners should look for opportunities to include the perspective of youth in local and national peace processes. DDR practitioners should ensure that youth play a central role in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of Community Violence Reduction (CVR) programmes and transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM) measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1001, "Sentence":"Their reintegration may also be more complex, as they may have become associated with an armed forces or group during formative years of brain development and social conditioning.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR reintegration may also complex may become associated armed force group formative year brain development social conditioning ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often conducted in contexts where the majority of combatants and fighters are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. If DDR processes cater only to younger children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth may be missed. DDR practitioners shall promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth, as failure to consider their needs and opinions can undermine their rights, their agency and, ultimately, peace processes.In countries affected by conflict, youth are a force for positive change, while at the same time, some young people may be vulnerable to being drawn into conflict. To provide a safe and inclusive space for youth, manage the expectations of youth in DDR processes and direct their energies positively, DDR practitioners shall support youth in developing the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive and promote an enabling environment where young people can more systematically have influence upon their own lives and societies. The reintegration of youth is particularly complex due to a mix of underlying economic, social, political, and\/or personal factors often driving the recruitment of youth into armed forces or groups. This may include social and political marginalization, protracted displacement, other forms of social exclusion, or grievances against the State. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay special attention to promoting significant participation and representation of youth in all DDR processes, so that reintegration support is sensitive to the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth. Their reintegration may also be more complex, as they may have become associated with an armed forces or group during formative years of brain development and social conditioning. Whenever possible, reintegration planning for youth should be linked to national reconciliation strategies, socioeconomic reconstruction plans, and youth development policies.The specific needs of youth transitioning to civilian life are diverse, as youth often require gender responsive services to address social, acute and\/or chronic medical and psychosocial support needs resulting from the conflict. Youth may face greater levels of societal pressure and responsibility, and as such, be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles in their communities. Recognizing this, as well as the need for youth to have the ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways, DDR practitioners shall invest in and mainstream life skills development across all components of reintegration programming.As youth may have missed out on education or may have limited employable skills to enable them to provide for their families and contribute to their communities, complementary programming is required to promote educational and employment opportunities that are sensitive to their needs and challenges. This may include support to access formal education, accelerated learning curricula, or market-driven vocational training coupled with apprenticeships or \u2018on-the-job\u2019 (OTJ) training to develop employable skills. Youth should also be supported with employment services ranging from employment counselling, career guidance and information on the labour market to help youth identify opportunities for learning and work and navigate the complex barriers they may face when entering the labour market. Given the severe competition often seen in post-conflict labour markets, DDR processes should support opportunities for youth entrepreneurship, business training, and access to microfinance to equip youth with practical skills and capital to start and manage small businesses or cooperatives and should consider the long-term impact of educational deprivation on their employment opportunities.It is critical that youth have a structured platform to have their voices heard by decision- makers, often comprised of the elder generation. Where possible DDR practitioners should look for opportunities to include the perspective of youth in local and national peace processes. DDR practitioners should ensure that youth play a central role in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of Community Violence Reduction (CVR) programmes and transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM) measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1001, "Sentence":"Whenever possible, reintegration planning for youth should be linked to national reconciliation strategies, socioeconomic reconstruction plans, and youth development policies.The specific needs of youth transitioning to civilian life are diverse, as youth often require gender responsive services to address social, acute and\/or chronic medical and psychosocial support needs resulting from the conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR whenever possible reintegration planning youth linked national reconciliation strategy socioeconomic reconstruction plan youth development policies.the specific need youth transitioning civilian life diverse youth often require gender responsive service address social acute and\/or chronic medical psychosocial support need resulting conflict ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often conducted in contexts where the majority of combatants and fighters are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. If DDR processes cater only to younger children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth may be missed. DDR practitioners shall promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth, as failure to consider their needs and opinions can undermine their rights, their agency and, ultimately, peace processes.In countries affected by conflict, youth are a force for positive change, while at the same time, some young people may be vulnerable to being drawn into conflict. To provide a safe and inclusive space for youth, manage the expectations of youth in DDR processes and direct their energies positively, DDR practitioners shall support youth in developing the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive and promote an enabling environment where young people can more systematically have influence upon their own lives and societies. The reintegration of youth is particularly complex due to a mix of underlying economic, social, political, and\/or personal factors often driving the recruitment of youth into armed forces or groups. This may include social and political marginalization, protracted displacement, other forms of social exclusion, or grievances against the State. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay special attention to promoting significant participation and representation of youth in all DDR processes, so that reintegration support is sensitive to the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth. Their reintegration may also be more complex, as they may have become associated with an armed forces or group during formative years of brain development and social conditioning. Whenever possible, reintegration planning for youth should be linked to national reconciliation strategies, socioeconomic reconstruction plans, and youth development policies.The specific needs of youth transitioning to civilian life are diverse, as youth often require gender responsive services to address social, acute and\/or chronic medical and psychosocial support needs resulting from the conflict. Youth may face greater levels of societal pressure and responsibility, and as such, be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles in their communities. Recognizing this, as well as the need for youth to have the ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways, DDR practitioners shall invest in and mainstream life skills development across all components of reintegration programming.As youth may have missed out on education or may have limited employable skills to enable them to provide for their families and contribute to their communities, complementary programming is required to promote educational and employment opportunities that are sensitive to their needs and challenges. This may include support to access formal education, accelerated learning curricula, or market-driven vocational training coupled with apprenticeships or \u2018on-the-job\u2019 (OTJ) training to develop employable skills. Youth should also be supported with employment services ranging from employment counselling, career guidance and information on the labour market to help youth identify opportunities for learning and work and navigate the complex barriers they may face when entering the labour market. Given the severe competition often seen in post-conflict labour markets, DDR processes should support opportunities for youth entrepreneurship, business training, and access to microfinance to equip youth with practical skills and capital to start and manage small businesses or cooperatives and should consider the long-term impact of educational deprivation on their employment opportunities.It is critical that youth have a structured platform to have their voices heard by decision- makers, often comprised of the elder generation. Where possible DDR practitioners should look for opportunities to include the perspective of youth in local and national peace processes. DDR practitioners should ensure that youth play a central role in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of Community Violence Reduction (CVR) programmes and transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM) measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1001, "Sentence":"Youth may face greater levels of societal pressure and responsibility, and as such, be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles in their communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth may face greater level societal pressure responsibility expected work support family take leadership role community ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often conducted in contexts where the majority of combatants and fighters are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. If DDR processes cater only to younger children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth may be missed. DDR practitioners shall promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth, as failure to consider their needs and opinions can undermine their rights, their agency and, ultimately, peace processes.In countries affected by conflict, youth are a force for positive change, while at the same time, some young people may be vulnerable to being drawn into conflict. To provide a safe and inclusive space for youth, manage the expectations of youth in DDR processes and direct their energies positively, DDR practitioners shall support youth in developing the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive and promote an enabling environment where young people can more systematically have influence upon their own lives and societies. The reintegration of youth is particularly complex due to a mix of underlying economic, social, political, and\/or personal factors often driving the recruitment of youth into armed forces or groups. This may include social and political marginalization, protracted displacement, other forms of social exclusion, or grievances against the State. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay special attention to promoting significant participation and representation of youth in all DDR processes, so that reintegration support is sensitive to the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth. Their reintegration may also be more complex, as they may have become associated with an armed forces or group during formative years of brain development and social conditioning. Whenever possible, reintegration planning for youth should be linked to national reconciliation strategies, socioeconomic reconstruction plans, and youth development policies.The specific needs of youth transitioning to civilian life are diverse, as youth often require gender responsive services to address social, acute and\/or chronic medical and psychosocial support needs resulting from the conflict. Youth may face greater levels of societal pressure and responsibility, and as such, be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles in their communities. Recognizing this, as well as the need for youth to have the ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways, DDR practitioners shall invest in and mainstream life skills development across all components of reintegration programming.As youth may have missed out on education or may have limited employable skills to enable them to provide for their families and contribute to their communities, complementary programming is required to promote educational and employment opportunities that are sensitive to their needs and challenges. This may include support to access formal education, accelerated learning curricula, or market-driven vocational training coupled with apprenticeships or \u2018on-the-job\u2019 (OTJ) training to develop employable skills. Youth should also be supported with employment services ranging from employment counselling, career guidance and information on the labour market to help youth identify opportunities for learning and work and navigate the complex barriers they may face when entering the labour market. Given the severe competition often seen in post-conflict labour markets, DDR processes should support opportunities for youth entrepreneurship, business training, and access to microfinance to equip youth with practical skills and capital to start and manage small businesses or cooperatives and should consider the long-term impact of educational deprivation on their employment opportunities.It is critical that youth have a structured platform to have their voices heard by decision- makers, often comprised of the elder generation. Where possible DDR practitioners should look for opportunities to include the perspective of youth in local and national peace processes. DDR practitioners should ensure that youth play a central role in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of Community Violence Reduction (CVR) programmes and transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM) measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1001, "Sentence":"Recognizing this, as well as the need for youth to have the ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways, DDR practitioners shall invest in and mainstream life skills development across all components of reintegration programming.As youth may have missed out on education or may have limited employable skills to enable them to provide for their families and contribute to their communities, complementary programming is required to promote educational and employment opportunities that are sensitive to their needs and challenges.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR recognizing well need youth ability resolve conflict nonviolent way ddr practitioner shall invest mainstream life skill development across component reintegration programming.as youth may missed education may limited employable skill enable provide family contribute community complementary programming required promote educational employment opportunity sensitive need challenge ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often conducted in contexts where the majority of combatants and fighters are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. If DDR processes cater only to younger children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth may be missed. DDR practitioners shall promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth, as failure to consider their needs and opinions can undermine their rights, their agency and, ultimately, peace processes.In countries affected by conflict, youth are a force for positive change, while at the same time, some young people may be vulnerable to being drawn into conflict. To provide a safe and inclusive space for youth, manage the expectations of youth in DDR processes and direct their energies positively, DDR practitioners shall support youth in developing the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive and promote an enabling environment where young people can more systematically have influence upon their own lives and societies. The reintegration of youth is particularly complex due to a mix of underlying economic, social, political, and\/or personal factors often driving the recruitment of youth into armed forces or groups. This may include social and political marginalization, protracted displacement, other forms of social exclusion, or grievances against the State. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay special attention to promoting significant participation and representation of youth in all DDR processes, so that reintegration support is sensitive to the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth. Their reintegration may also be more complex, as they may have become associated with an armed forces or group during formative years of brain development and social conditioning. Whenever possible, reintegration planning for youth should be linked to national reconciliation strategies, socioeconomic reconstruction plans, and youth development policies.The specific needs of youth transitioning to civilian life are diverse, as youth often require gender responsive services to address social, acute and\/or chronic medical and psychosocial support needs resulting from the conflict. Youth may face greater levels of societal pressure and responsibility, and as such, be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles in their communities. Recognizing this, as well as the need for youth to have the ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways, DDR practitioners shall invest in and mainstream life skills development across all components of reintegration programming.As youth may have missed out on education or may have limited employable skills to enable them to provide for their families and contribute to their communities, complementary programming is required to promote educational and employment opportunities that are sensitive to their needs and challenges. This may include support to access formal education, accelerated learning curricula, or market-driven vocational training coupled with apprenticeships or \u2018on-the-job\u2019 (OTJ) training to develop employable skills. Youth should also be supported with employment services ranging from employment counselling, career guidance and information on the labour market to help youth identify opportunities for learning and work and navigate the complex barriers they may face when entering the labour market. Given the severe competition often seen in post-conflict labour markets, DDR processes should support opportunities for youth entrepreneurship, business training, and access to microfinance to equip youth with practical skills and capital to start and manage small businesses or cooperatives and should consider the long-term impact of educational deprivation on their employment opportunities.It is critical that youth have a structured platform to have their voices heard by decision- makers, often comprised of the elder generation. Where possible DDR practitioners should look for opportunities to include the perspective of youth in local and national peace processes. DDR practitioners should ensure that youth play a central role in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of Community Violence Reduction (CVR) programmes and transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM) measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1001, "Sentence":"This may include support to access formal education, accelerated learning curricula, or market-driven vocational training coupled with apprenticeships or \u2018on-the-job\u2019 (OTJ) training to develop employable skills.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR may include support access formal education accelerated learning curriculum marketdriven vocational training coupled apprenticeship \u2018 onthejob \u2019 otj training develop employable skill ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often conducted in contexts where the majority of combatants and fighters are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. If DDR processes cater only to younger children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth may be missed. DDR practitioners shall promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth, as failure to consider their needs and opinions can undermine their rights, their agency and, ultimately, peace processes.In countries affected by conflict, youth are a force for positive change, while at the same time, some young people may be vulnerable to being drawn into conflict. To provide a safe and inclusive space for youth, manage the expectations of youth in DDR processes and direct their energies positively, DDR practitioners shall support youth in developing the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive and promote an enabling environment where young people can more systematically have influence upon their own lives and societies. The reintegration of youth is particularly complex due to a mix of underlying economic, social, political, and\/or personal factors often driving the recruitment of youth into armed forces or groups. This may include social and political marginalization, protracted displacement, other forms of social exclusion, or grievances against the State. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay special attention to promoting significant participation and representation of youth in all DDR processes, so that reintegration support is sensitive to the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth. Their reintegration may also be more complex, as they may have become associated with an armed forces or group during formative years of brain development and social conditioning. Whenever possible, reintegration planning for youth should be linked to national reconciliation strategies, socioeconomic reconstruction plans, and youth development policies.The specific needs of youth transitioning to civilian life are diverse, as youth often require gender responsive services to address social, acute and\/or chronic medical and psychosocial support needs resulting from the conflict. Youth may face greater levels of societal pressure and responsibility, and as such, be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles in their communities. Recognizing this, as well as the need for youth to have the ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways, DDR practitioners shall invest in and mainstream life skills development across all components of reintegration programming.As youth may have missed out on education or may have limited employable skills to enable them to provide for their families and contribute to their communities, complementary programming is required to promote educational and employment opportunities that are sensitive to their needs and challenges. This may include support to access formal education, accelerated learning curricula, or market-driven vocational training coupled with apprenticeships or \u2018on-the-job\u2019 (OTJ) training to develop employable skills. Youth should also be supported with employment services ranging from employment counselling, career guidance and information on the labour market to help youth identify opportunities for learning and work and navigate the complex barriers they may face when entering the labour market. Given the severe competition often seen in post-conflict labour markets, DDR processes should support opportunities for youth entrepreneurship, business training, and access to microfinance to equip youth with practical skills and capital to start and manage small businesses or cooperatives and should consider the long-term impact of educational deprivation on their employment opportunities.It is critical that youth have a structured platform to have their voices heard by decision- makers, often comprised of the elder generation. Where possible DDR practitioners should look for opportunities to include the perspective of youth in local and national peace processes. DDR practitioners should ensure that youth play a central role in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of Community Violence Reduction (CVR) programmes and transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM) measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1001, "Sentence":"Youth should also be supported with employment services ranging from employment counselling, career guidance and information on the labour market to help youth identify opportunities for learning and work and navigate the complex barriers they may face when entering the labour market.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth also supported employment service ranging employment counselling career guidance information labour market help youth identify opportunity learning work navigate complex barrier may face entering labour market ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often conducted in contexts where the majority of combatants and fighters are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. If DDR processes cater only to younger children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth may be missed. DDR practitioners shall promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth, as failure to consider their needs and opinions can undermine their rights, their agency and, ultimately, peace processes.In countries affected by conflict, youth are a force for positive change, while at the same time, some young people may be vulnerable to being drawn into conflict. To provide a safe and inclusive space for youth, manage the expectations of youth in DDR processes and direct their energies positively, DDR practitioners shall support youth in developing the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive and promote an enabling environment where young people can more systematically have influence upon their own lives and societies. The reintegration of youth is particularly complex due to a mix of underlying economic, social, political, and\/or personal factors often driving the recruitment of youth into armed forces or groups. This may include social and political marginalization, protracted displacement, other forms of social exclusion, or grievances against the State. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay special attention to promoting significant participation and representation of youth in all DDR processes, so that reintegration support is sensitive to the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth. Their reintegration may also be more complex, as they may have become associated with an armed forces or group during formative years of brain development and social conditioning. Whenever possible, reintegration planning for youth should be linked to national reconciliation strategies, socioeconomic reconstruction plans, and youth development policies.The specific needs of youth transitioning to civilian life are diverse, as youth often require gender responsive services to address social, acute and\/or chronic medical and psychosocial support needs resulting from the conflict. Youth may face greater levels of societal pressure and responsibility, and as such, be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles in their communities. Recognizing this, as well as the need for youth to have the ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways, DDR practitioners shall invest in and mainstream life skills development across all components of reintegration programming.As youth may have missed out on education or may have limited employable skills to enable them to provide for their families and contribute to their communities, complementary programming is required to promote educational and employment opportunities that are sensitive to their needs and challenges. This may include support to access formal education, accelerated learning curricula, or market-driven vocational training coupled with apprenticeships or \u2018on-the-job\u2019 (OTJ) training to develop employable skills. Youth should also be supported with employment services ranging from employment counselling, career guidance and information on the labour market to help youth identify opportunities for learning and work and navigate the complex barriers they may face when entering the labour market. Given the severe competition often seen in post-conflict labour markets, DDR processes should support opportunities for youth entrepreneurship, business training, and access to microfinance to equip youth with practical skills and capital to start and manage small businesses or cooperatives and should consider the long-term impact of educational deprivation on their employment opportunities.It is critical that youth have a structured platform to have their voices heard by decision- makers, often comprised of the elder generation. Where possible DDR practitioners should look for opportunities to include the perspective of youth in local and national peace processes. DDR practitioners should ensure that youth play a central role in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of Community Violence Reduction (CVR) programmes and transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM) measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1001, "Sentence":"Given the severe competition often seen in post-conflict labour markets, DDR processes should support opportunities for youth entrepreneurship, business training, and access to microfinance to equip youth with practical skills and capital to start and manage small businesses or cooperatives and should consider the long-term impact of educational deprivation on their employment opportunities.It is critical that youth have a structured platform to have their voices heard by decision- makers, often comprised of the elder generation.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR given severe competition often seen postconflict labour market ddr process support opportunity youth entrepreneurship business training access microfinance equip youth practical skill capital start manage small business cooperative consider longterm impact educational deprivation employment opportunities.it critical youth structured platform voice heard decision maker often comprised elder generation ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often conducted in contexts where the majority of combatants and fighters are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. If DDR processes cater only to younger children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth may be missed. DDR practitioners shall promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth, as failure to consider their needs and opinions can undermine their rights, their agency and, ultimately, peace processes.In countries affected by conflict, youth are a force for positive change, while at the same time, some young people may be vulnerable to being drawn into conflict. To provide a safe and inclusive space for youth, manage the expectations of youth in DDR processes and direct their energies positively, DDR practitioners shall support youth in developing the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive and promote an enabling environment where young people can more systematically have influence upon their own lives and societies. The reintegration of youth is particularly complex due to a mix of underlying economic, social, political, and\/or personal factors often driving the recruitment of youth into armed forces or groups. This may include social and political marginalization, protracted displacement, other forms of social exclusion, or grievances against the State. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay special attention to promoting significant participation and representation of youth in all DDR processes, so that reintegration support is sensitive to the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth. Their reintegration may also be more complex, as they may have become associated with an armed forces or group during formative years of brain development and social conditioning. Whenever possible, reintegration planning for youth should be linked to national reconciliation strategies, socioeconomic reconstruction plans, and youth development policies.The specific needs of youth transitioning to civilian life are diverse, as youth often require gender responsive services to address social, acute and\/or chronic medical and psychosocial support needs resulting from the conflict. Youth may face greater levels of societal pressure and responsibility, and as such, be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles in their communities. Recognizing this, as well as the need for youth to have the ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways, DDR practitioners shall invest in and mainstream life skills development across all components of reintegration programming.As youth may have missed out on education or may have limited employable skills to enable them to provide for their families and contribute to their communities, complementary programming is required to promote educational and employment opportunities that are sensitive to their needs and challenges. This may include support to access formal education, accelerated learning curricula, or market-driven vocational training coupled with apprenticeships or \u2018on-the-job\u2019 (OTJ) training to develop employable skills. Youth should also be supported with employment services ranging from employment counselling, career guidance and information on the labour market to help youth identify opportunities for learning and work and navigate the complex barriers they may face when entering the labour market. Given the severe competition often seen in post-conflict labour markets, DDR processes should support opportunities for youth entrepreneurship, business training, and access to microfinance to equip youth with practical skills and capital to start and manage small businesses or cooperatives and should consider the long-term impact of educational deprivation on their employment opportunities.It is critical that youth have a structured platform to have their voices heard by decision- makers, often comprised of the elder generation. Where possible DDR practitioners should look for opportunities to include the perspective of youth in local and national peace processes. DDR practitioners should ensure that youth play a central role in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of Community Violence Reduction (CVR) programmes and transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM) measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1001, "Sentence":"Where possible DDR practitioners should look for opportunities to include the perspective of youth in local and national peace processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR possible ddr practitioner look opportunity include perspective youth local national peace process ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often conducted in contexts where the majority of combatants and fighters are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. If DDR processes cater only to younger children and mature adults, the specific needs and experiences of youth may be missed. DDR practitioners shall promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth, as failure to consider their needs and opinions can undermine their rights, their agency and, ultimately, peace processes.In countries affected by conflict, youth are a force for positive change, while at the same time, some young people may be vulnerable to being drawn into conflict. To provide a safe and inclusive space for youth, manage the expectations of youth in DDR processes and direct their energies positively, DDR practitioners shall support youth in developing the necessary knowledge and skills to thrive and promote an enabling environment where young people can more systematically have influence upon their own lives and societies. The reintegration of youth is particularly complex due to a mix of underlying economic, social, political, and\/or personal factors often driving the recruitment of youth into armed forces or groups. This may include social and political marginalization, protracted displacement, other forms of social exclusion, or grievances against the State. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay special attention to promoting significant participation and representation of youth in all DDR processes, so that reintegration support is sensitive to the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth. Their reintegration may also be more complex, as they may have become associated with an armed forces or group during formative years of brain development and social conditioning. Whenever possible, reintegration planning for youth should be linked to national reconciliation strategies, socioeconomic reconstruction plans, and youth development policies.The specific needs of youth transitioning to civilian life are diverse, as youth often require gender responsive services to address social, acute and\/or chronic medical and psychosocial support needs resulting from the conflict. Youth may face greater levels of societal pressure and responsibility, and as such, be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles in their communities. Recognizing this, as well as the need for youth to have the ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways, DDR practitioners shall invest in and mainstream life skills development across all components of reintegration programming.As youth may have missed out on education or may have limited employable skills to enable them to provide for their families and contribute to their communities, complementary programming is required to promote educational and employment opportunities that are sensitive to their needs and challenges. This may include support to access formal education, accelerated learning curricula, or market-driven vocational training coupled with apprenticeships or \u2018on-the-job\u2019 (OTJ) training to develop employable skills. Youth should also be supported with employment services ranging from employment counselling, career guidance and information on the labour market to help youth identify opportunities for learning and work and navigate the complex barriers they may face when entering the labour market. Given the severe competition often seen in post-conflict labour markets, DDR processes should support opportunities for youth entrepreneurship, business training, and access to microfinance to equip youth with practical skills and capital to start and manage small businesses or cooperatives and should consider the long-term impact of educational deprivation on their employment opportunities.It is critical that youth have a structured platform to have their voices heard by decision- makers, often comprised of the elder generation. Where possible DDR practitioners should look for opportunities to include the perspective of youth in local and national peace processes. DDR practitioners should ensure that youth play a central role in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of Community Violence Reduction (CVR) programmes and transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM) measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1001, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should ensure that youth play a central role in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of Community Violence Reduction (CVR) programmes and transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM) measures.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr practitioner ensure youth play central role planning design implementation monitoring evaluation community violence reduction cvr programme transitional weapon ammunition management wam measure ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide DDR practitioners with guidance on the planning, design and implementation of youth-focused DDR processes in both mission and non-mission contexts. The main objectives of this guidance are: \\n To set out the main principles that guide aspects of DDR processes for Youth. \\n To provide guidance and key considerations to drive continuous efforts to prevent the recruitment and re-recruitment of youth into armed forces and groups. \\n To provide guidance on youth-focused approaches to DDR and reintegration support highlighting critical personal, social, political, and economic factors.This module is applicable to youth between the ages of 15 and 24. However, the document should be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, as youth between the ages of 15 to 17, are also children, and require special considerations and protections in line with legal frameworks for children and may benefit from child sensitive approaches to DDR consistent with the best interests of the child. Children between the ages of 15 to 17 are included in this module in recognition of the reality that children who are nearing the age of 18 are more likely to have employment needs and\/or socio- political reintegration demands, requiring additional guidance that is youth-focused. This module should also be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1002, "Sentence":"This module aims to provide DDR practitioners with guidance on the planning, design and implementation of youth-focused DDR processes in both mission and non-mission contexts.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR module aim provide ddr practitioner guidance planning design implementation youthfocused ddr process mission nonmission context ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide DDR practitioners with guidance on the planning, design and implementation of youth-focused DDR processes in both mission and non-mission contexts. The main objectives of this guidance are: \\n To set out the main principles that guide aspects of DDR processes for Youth. \\n To provide guidance and key considerations to drive continuous efforts to prevent the recruitment and re-recruitment of youth into armed forces and groups. \\n To provide guidance on youth-focused approaches to DDR and reintegration support highlighting critical personal, social, political, and economic factors.This module is applicable to youth between the ages of 15 and 24. However, the document should be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, as youth between the ages of 15 to 17, are also children, and require special considerations and protections in line with legal frameworks for children and may benefit from child sensitive approaches to DDR consistent with the best interests of the child. Children between the ages of 15 to 17 are included in this module in recognition of the reality that children who are nearing the age of 18 are more likely to have employment needs and\/or socio- political reintegration demands, requiring additional guidance that is youth-focused. This module should also be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1002, "Sentence":"The main objectives of this guidance are: \\n To set out the main principles that guide aspects of DDR processes for Youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR main objective guidance n set main principle guide aspect ddr process youth ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide DDR practitioners with guidance on the planning, design and implementation of youth-focused DDR processes in both mission and non-mission contexts. The main objectives of this guidance are: \\n To set out the main principles that guide aspects of DDR processes for Youth. \\n To provide guidance and key considerations to drive continuous efforts to prevent the recruitment and re-recruitment of youth into armed forces and groups. \\n To provide guidance on youth-focused approaches to DDR and reintegration support highlighting critical personal, social, political, and economic factors.This module is applicable to youth between the ages of 15 and 24. However, the document should be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, as youth between the ages of 15 to 17, are also children, and require special considerations and protections in line with legal frameworks for children and may benefit from child sensitive approaches to DDR consistent with the best interests of the child. Children between the ages of 15 to 17 are included in this module in recognition of the reality that children who are nearing the age of 18 are more likely to have employment needs and\/or socio- political reintegration demands, requiring additional guidance that is youth-focused. This module should also be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1002, "Sentence":"\\n To provide guidance and key considerations to drive continuous efforts to prevent the recruitment and re-recruitment of youth into armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n provide guidance key consideration drive continuous effort prevent recruitment rerecruitment youth armed force group ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide DDR practitioners with guidance on the planning, design and implementation of youth-focused DDR processes in both mission and non-mission contexts. The main objectives of this guidance are: \\n To set out the main principles that guide aspects of DDR processes for Youth. \\n To provide guidance and key considerations to drive continuous efforts to prevent the recruitment and re-recruitment of youth into armed forces and groups. \\n To provide guidance on youth-focused approaches to DDR and reintegration support highlighting critical personal, social, political, and economic factors.This module is applicable to youth between the ages of 15 and 24. However, the document should be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, as youth between the ages of 15 to 17, are also children, and require special considerations and protections in line with legal frameworks for children and may benefit from child sensitive approaches to DDR consistent with the best interests of the child. Children between the ages of 15 to 17 are included in this module in recognition of the reality that children who are nearing the age of 18 are more likely to have employment needs and\/or socio- political reintegration demands, requiring additional guidance that is youth-focused. This module should also be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1002, "Sentence":"\\n To provide guidance on youth-focused approaches to DDR and reintegration support highlighting critical personal, social, political, and economic factors.This module is applicable to youth between the ages of 15 and 24.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n provide guidance youthfocused approach ddr reintegration support highlighting critical personal social political economic factors.this module applicable youth age 15 24 ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide DDR practitioners with guidance on the planning, design and implementation of youth-focused DDR processes in both mission and non-mission contexts. The main objectives of this guidance are: \\n To set out the main principles that guide aspects of DDR processes for Youth. \\n To provide guidance and key considerations to drive continuous efforts to prevent the recruitment and re-recruitment of youth into armed forces and groups. \\n To provide guidance on youth-focused approaches to DDR and reintegration support highlighting critical personal, social, political, and economic factors.This module is applicable to youth between the ages of 15 and 24. However, the document should be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, as youth between the ages of 15 to 17, are also children, and require special considerations and protections in line with legal frameworks for children and may benefit from child sensitive approaches to DDR consistent with the best interests of the child. Children between the ages of 15 to 17 are included in this module in recognition of the reality that children who are nearing the age of 18 are more likely to have employment needs and\/or socio- political reintegration demands, requiring additional guidance that is youth-focused. This module should also be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1002, "Sentence":"However, the document should be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, as youth between the ages of 15 to 17, are also children, and require special considerations and protections in line with legal frameworks for children and may benefit from child sensitive approaches to DDR consistent with the best interests of the child.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR however document read conjunction iddrs 5.20 child ddr youth age 15 17 also child require special consideration protection line legal framework child may benefit child sensitive approach ddr consistent best interest child ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide DDR practitioners with guidance on the planning, design and implementation of youth-focused DDR processes in both mission and non-mission contexts. The main objectives of this guidance are: \\n To set out the main principles that guide aspects of DDR processes for Youth. \\n To provide guidance and key considerations to drive continuous efforts to prevent the recruitment and re-recruitment of youth into armed forces and groups. \\n To provide guidance on youth-focused approaches to DDR and reintegration support highlighting critical personal, social, political, and economic factors.This module is applicable to youth between the ages of 15 and 24. However, the document should be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, as youth between the ages of 15 to 17, are also children, and require special considerations and protections in line with legal frameworks for children and may benefit from child sensitive approaches to DDR consistent with the best interests of the child. Children between the ages of 15 to 17 are included in this module in recognition of the reality that children who are nearing the age of 18 are more likely to have employment needs and\/or socio- political reintegration demands, requiring additional guidance that is youth-focused. This module should also be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1002, "Sentence":"Children between the ages of 15 to 17 are included in this module in recognition of the reality that children who are nearing the age of 18 are more likely to have employment needs and\/or socio- political reintegration demands, requiring additional guidance that is youth-focused.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR child age 15 17 included module recognition reality child nearing age 18 likely employment need and\/or socio political reintegration demand requiring additional guidance youthfocused ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide DDR practitioners with guidance on the planning, design and implementation of youth-focused DDR processes in both mission and non-mission contexts. The main objectives of this guidance are: \\n To set out the main principles that guide aspects of DDR processes for Youth. \\n To provide guidance and key considerations to drive continuous efforts to prevent the recruitment and re-recruitment of youth into armed forces and groups. \\n To provide guidance on youth-focused approaches to DDR and reintegration support highlighting critical personal, social, political, and economic factors.This module is applicable to youth between the ages of 15 and 24. However, the document should be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, as youth between the ages of 15 to 17, are also children, and require special considerations and protections in line with legal frameworks for children and may benefit from child sensitive approaches to DDR consistent with the best interests of the child. Children between the ages of 15 to 17 are included in this module in recognition of the reality that children who are nearing the age of 18 are more likely to have employment needs and\/or socio- political reintegration demands, requiring additional guidance that is youth-focused. This module should also be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1002, "Sentence":"This module should also be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR module also read conjunction iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth: There is no universally agreed international definition of youth. For statistical purposes the United Nations defines \u2018youth\u2019 as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years, while in context of the UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security, youth is defined as those persons between the ages of 18 and 29 years. . Beyond the UN system, the age of people included in this cohort can vary considerably between one context and another. Social, legal, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults. Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters. Cultural expectations surrounding girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, initiation and circumcision practices, and motherhood. Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict. UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security recognizes the positive role that youth have in building, contributing to and maintaining international peace and security and urges member states to take steps to enable the participation of youth in this regard.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1003, "Sentence":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth: There is no universally agreed international definition of youth. For statistical purposes the United Nations defines \u2018youth\u2019 as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years, while in context of the UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security, youth is defined as those persons between the ages of 18 and 29 years. . Beyond the UN system, the age of people included in this cohort can vary considerably between one context and another. Social, legal, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults. Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters. Cultural expectations surrounding girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, initiation and circumcision practices, and motherhood. Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict. UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security recognizes the positive role that youth have in building, contributing to and maintaining international peace and security and urges member states to take steps to enable the participation of youth in this regard.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1003, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR use consistent language used international organization standardization iso standard guideline n \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action n \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability n e \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation.ddr process often implemented context majority former combatant youth age group defined united nation un 15 24 year age ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth: There is no universally agreed international definition of youth. For statistical purposes the United Nations defines \u2018youth\u2019 as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years, while in context of the UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security, youth is defined as those persons between the ages of 18 and 29 years. . Beyond the UN system, the age of people included in this cohort can vary considerably between one context and another. Social, legal, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults. Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters. Cultural expectations surrounding girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, initiation and circumcision practices, and motherhood. Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict. UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security recognizes the positive role that youth have in building, contributing to and maintaining international peace and security and urges member states to take steps to enable the participation of youth in this regard.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1003, "Sentence":"Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR individual within age bracket unique set need easily fit predetermined category ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth: There is no universally agreed international definition of youth. For statistical purposes the United Nations defines \u2018youth\u2019 as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years, while in context of the UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security, youth is defined as those persons between the ages of 18 and 29 years. . Beyond the UN system, the age of people included in this cohort can vary considerably between one context and another. Social, legal, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults. Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters. Cultural expectations surrounding girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, initiation and circumcision practices, and motherhood. Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict. UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security recognizes the positive role that youth have in building, contributing to and maintaining international peace and security and urges member states to take steps to enable the participation of youth in this regard.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1003, "Sentence":"Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR 18 regarded child associated armed force armed group caafag shall treated child ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth: There is no universally agreed international definition of youth. For statistical purposes the United Nations defines \u2018youth\u2019 as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years, while in context of the UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security, youth is defined as those persons between the ages of 18 and 29 years. . Beyond the UN system, the age of people included in this cohort can vary considerably between one context and another. Social, legal, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults. Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters. Cultural expectations surrounding girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, initiation and circumcision practices, and motherhood. Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict. UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security recognizes the positive role that youth have in building, contributing to and maintaining international peace and security and urges member states to take steps to enable the participation of youth in this regard.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1003, "Sentence":"Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth: There is no universally agreed international definition of youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR legally child youth age 18 covered un convention right child protective framework see section 5 iddrs 5.20 child ddr right protections.youth universally agreed international definition youth ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth: There is no universally agreed international definition of youth. For statistical purposes the United Nations defines \u2018youth\u2019 as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years, while in context of the UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security, youth is defined as those persons between the ages of 18 and 29 years. . Beyond the UN system, the age of people included in this cohort can vary considerably between one context and another. Social, legal, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults. Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters. Cultural expectations surrounding girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, initiation and circumcision practices, and motherhood. Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict. UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security recognizes the positive role that youth have in building, contributing to and maintaining international peace and security and urges member states to take steps to enable the participation of youth in this regard.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1003, "Sentence":"For statistical purposes the United Nations defines \u2018youth\u2019 as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years, while in context of the UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security, youth is defined as those persons between the ages of 18 and 29 years. .", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR statistical purpose united nation defines \u2018 youth \u2019 person age 15 24 year context un security council resolution 2250 2015 youth peace security youth defined person age 18 29 year . ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth: There is no universally agreed international definition of youth. For statistical purposes the United Nations defines \u2018youth\u2019 as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years, while in context of the UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security, youth is defined as those persons between the ages of 18 and 29 years. . Beyond the UN system, the age of people included in this cohort can vary considerably between one context and another. Social, legal, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults. Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters. Cultural expectations surrounding girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, initiation and circumcision practices, and motherhood. Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict. UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security recognizes the positive role that youth have in building, contributing to and maintaining international peace and security and urges member states to take steps to enable the participation of youth in this regard.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1003, "Sentence":"Beyond the UN system, the age of people included in this cohort can vary considerably between one context and another.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR beyond un system age people included cohort vary considerably one context another ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth: There is no universally agreed international definition of youth. For statistical purposes the United Nations defines \u2018youth\u2019 as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years, while in context of the UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security, youth is defined as those persons between the ages of 18 and 29 years. . Beyond the UN system, the age of people included in this cohort can vary considerably between one context and another. Social, legal, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults. Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters. Cultural expectations surrounding girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, initiation and circumcision practices, and motherhood. Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict. UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security recognizes the positive role that youth have in building, contributing to and maintaining international peace and security and urges member states to take steps to enable the participation of youth in this regard.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1003, "Sentence":"Social, legal, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR social legal economic cultural system define age limit specific role responsibility child youth adult ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth: There is no universally agreed international definition of youth. For statistical purposes the United Nations defines \u2018youth\u2019 as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years, while in context of the UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security, youth is defined as those persons between the ages of 18 and 29 years. . Beyond the UN system, the age of people included in this cohort can vary considerably between one context and another. Social, legal, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults. Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters. Cultural expectations surrounding girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, initiation and circumcision practices, and motherhood. Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict. UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security recognizes the positive role that youth have in building, contributing to and maintaining international peace and security and urges member states to take steps to enable the participation of youth in this regard.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1003, "Sentence":"Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR conflict violence often force youth assume adult role parent breadwinner caregiver fighter ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth: There is no universally agreed international definition of youth. For statistical purposes the United Nations defines \u2018youth\u2019 as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years, while in context of the UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security, youth is defined as those persons between the ages of 18 and 29 years. . Beyond the UN system, the age of people included in this cohort can vary considerably between one context and another. Social, legal, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults. Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters. Cultural expectations surrounding girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, initiation and circumcision practices, and motherhood. Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict. UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security recognizes the positive role that youth have in building, contributing to and maintaining international peace and security and urges member states to take steps to enable the participation of youth in this regard.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1003, "Sentence":"Cultural expectations surrounding girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, initiation and circumcision practices, and motherhood.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR cultural expectation surrounding girl boy also affect perception adult age marriage initiation circumcision practice motherhood ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth: There is no universally agreed international definition of youth. For statistical purposes the United Nations defines \u2018youth\u2019 as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years, while in context of the UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security, youth is defined as those persons between the ages of 18 and 29 years. . Beyond the UN system, the age of people included in this cohort can vary considerably between one context and another. Social, legal, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults. Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters. Cultural expectations surrounding girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, initiation and circumcision practices, and motherhood. Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict. UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security recognizes the positive role that youth have in building, contributing to and maintaining international peace and security and urges member states to take steps to enable the participation of youth in this regard.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1003, "Sentence":"Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR expectation disturbed conflict ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth: There is no universally agreed international definition of youth. For statistical purposes the United Nations defines \u2018youth\u2019 as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years, while in context of the UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security, youth is defined as those persons between the ages of 18 and 29 years. . Beyond the UN system, the age of people included in this cohort can vary considerably between one context and another. Social, legal, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults. Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters. Cultural expectations surrounding girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, initiation and circumcision practices, and motherhood. Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict. UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security recognizes the positive role that youth have in building, contributing to and maintaining international peace and security and urges member states to take steps to enable the participation of youth in this regard.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1003, "Sentence":"UN Security Council resolution 2250 (2015) on youth, peace and security recognizes the positive role that youth have in building, contributing to and maintaining international peace and security and urges member states to take steps to enable the participation of youth in this regard.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR un security council resolution 2250 2015 youth peace security recognizes positive role youth building contributing maintaining international peace security urge member state take step enable participation youth regard ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth above the age of 18 are treated as adults in DDR processes despite that, if recruited as children, their emotional, social and educational development may have been severely disrupted. Regardless of whether or not they were recruited as children, youth who demobilize when they are over the age of 18 generally fall under the same legal frameworks as adults. However, in terms of criminal responsibility and accountability, any criminal process applicable to youth regarding acts they may have committed as a child should be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or were forced to act as mitigating factors.Youth in countries that are affected by armed conflict may be forced to \u2018grow up quickly\u2019 and take on adult roles and responsibilities. As with children associated with armed forces or armed groups, engagement in armed conflict negatively affects the stages of social and emotional development as well as educational outcomes of young people. Conflict may create barriers to youth building basic literacy and numeracy skills, and gaps in key social, cognitive and emotional development phases such as skill building in critical thinking, problem solving, emotional self- regulation, and sense of self-identity within their community and the world. When schools close due to conflict or insecurity, and there are few opportunities for decent work, many young people lose their sense of pride, trust and place in the community, as well as their hope for the future. Compounding this, youth are often ignored by authorities after conflict, excluded from decision- making structures and, in many cases, their needs and opinions are not taken into account. Health care services, especially reproductive health care services, are often unavailable to them. The accumulation of these factors, particularly where insecurity exists, may push young people into a cycle of poverty and social exclusion, and expose them to criminality, violence and (re-)recruitment into armed forces or groups. These disruptions also reduce the ability of communities and States to benefit from and harness the positive resilience, energy and endeavour of youth.Youth can provide leadership and inspiration to their societies. UN Security Council resolution 2250 explicitly recognises \u201cthe important and positive contribution of youth in efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security\u2026[and affirms]\u2026 the important role youth can play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts.\u201d Youth should have a stake in the post-conflict social order so that they support it. Their exposure to violence and risky behaviour, as well as their disadvantages in the labour market, are specific. Youth are at a critical stage in their life cycle and may be permanently disadvantaged if they do not receive appropriate assistance.This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1004, "Sentence":"DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr process often implemented context majority former combatant youth age group defined united nation un 15 24 year age ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth above the age of 18 are treated as adults in DDR processes despite that, if recruited as children, their emotional, social and educational development may have been severely disrupted. Regardless of whether or not they were recruited as children, youth who demobilize when they are over the age of 18 generally fall under the same legal frameworks as adults. However, in terms of criminal responsibility and accountability, any criminal process applicable to youth regarding acts they may have committed as a child should be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or were forced to act as mitigating factors.Youth in countries that are affected by armed conflict may be forced to \u2018grow up quickly\u2019 and take on adult roles and responsibilities. As with children associated with armed forces or armed groups, engagement in armed conflict negatively affects the stages of social and emotional development as well as educational outcomes of young people. Conflict may create barriers to youth building basic literacy and numeracy skills, and gaps in key social, cognitive and emotional development phases such as skill building in critical thinking, problem solving, emotional self- regulation, and sense of self-identity within their community and the world. When schools close due to conflict or insecurity, and there are few opportunities for decent work, many young people lose their sense of pride, trust and place in the community, as well as their hope for the future. Compounding this, youth are often ignored by authorities after conflict, excluded from decision- making structures and, in many cases, their needs and opinions are not taken into account. Health care services, especially reproductive health care services, are often unavailable to them. The accumulation of these factors, particularly where insecurity exists, may push young people into a cycle of poverty and social exclusion, and expose them to criminality, violence and (re-)recruitment into armed forces or groups. These disruptions also reduce the ability of communities and States to benefit from and harness the positive resilience, energy and endeavour of youth.Youth can provide leadership and inspiration to their societies. UN Security Council resolution 2250 explicitly recognises \u201cthe important and positive contribution of youth in efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security\u2026[and affirms]\u2026 the important role youth can play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts.\u201d Youth should have a stake in the post-conflict social order so that they support it. Their exposure to violence and risky behaviour, as well as their disadvantages in the labour market, are specific. Youth are at a critical stage in their life cycle and may be permanently disadvantaged if they do not receive appropriate assistance.This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1004, "Sentence":"Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR individual within age bracket unique set need easily fit predetermined category ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth above the age of 18 are treated as adults in DDR processes despite that, if recruited as children, their emotional, social and educational development may have been severely disrupted. Regardless of whether or not they were recruited as children, youth who demobilize when they are over the age of 18 generally fall under the same legal frameworks as adults. However, in terms of criminal responsibility and accountability, any criminal process applicable to youth regarding acts they may have committed as a child should be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or were forced to act as mitigating factors.Youth in countries that are affected by armed conflict may be forced to \u2018grow up quickly\u2019 and take on adult roles and responsibilities. As with children associated with armed forces or armed groups, engagement in armed conflict negatively affects the stages of social and emotional development as well as educational outcomes of young people. Conflict may create barriers to youth building basic literacy and numeracy skills, and gaps in key social, cognitive and emotional development phases such as skill building in critical thinking, problem solving, emotional self- regulation, and sense of self-identity within their community and the world. When schools close due to conflict or insecurity, and there are few opportunities for decent work, many young people lose their sense of pride, trust and place in the community, as well as their hope for the future. Compounding this, youth are often ignored by authorities after conflict, excluded from decision- making structures and, in many cases, their needs and opinions are not taken into account. Health care services, especially reproductive health care services, are often unavailable to them. The accumulation of these factors, particularly where insecurity exists, may push young people into a cycle of poverty and social exclusion, and expose them to criminality, violence and (re-)recruitment into armed forces or groups. These disruptions also reduce the ability of communities and States to benefit from and harness the positive resilience, energy and endeavour of youth.Youth can provide leadership and inspiration to their societies. UN Security Council resolution 2250 explicitly recognises \u201cthe important and positive contribution of youth in efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security\u2026[and affirms]\u2026 the important role youth can play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts.\u201d Youth should have a stake in the post-conflict social order so that they support it. Their exposure to violence and risky behaviour, as well as their disadvantages in the labour market, are specific. Youth are at a critical stage in their life cycle and may be permanently disadvantaged if they do not receive appropriate assistance.This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1004, "Sentence":"Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR 18 regarded child associated armed force armed group caafag shall treated child ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth above the age of 18 are treated as adults in DDR processes despite that, if recruited as children, their emotional, social and educational development may have been severely disrupted. Regardless of whether or not they were recruited as children, youth who demobilize when they are over the age of 18 generally fall under the same legal frameworks as adults. However, in terms of criminal responsibility and accountability, any criminal process applicable to youth regarding acts they may have committed as a child should be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or were forced to act as mitigating factors.Youth in countries that are affected by armed conflict may be forced to \u2018grow up quickly\u2019 and take on adult roles and responsibilities. As with children associated with armed forces or armed groups, engagement in armed conflict negatively affects the stages of social and emotional development as well as educational outcomes of young people. Conflict may create barriers to youth building basic literacy and numeracy skills, and gaps in key social, cognitive and emotional development phases such as skill building in critical thinking, problem solving, emotional self- regulation, and sense of self-identity within their community and the world. When schools close due to conflict or insecurity, and there are few opportunities for decent work, many young people lose their sense of pride, trust and place in the community, as well as their hope for the future. Compounding this, youth are often ignored by authorities after conflict, excluded from decision- making structures and, in many cases, their needs and opinions are not taken into account. Health care services, especially reproductive health care services, are often unavailable to them. The accumulation of these factors, particularly where insecurity exists, may push young people into a cycle of poverty and social exclusion, and expose them to criminality, violence and (re-)recruitment into armed forces or groups. These disruptions also reduce the ability of communities and States to benefit from and harness the positive resilience, energy and endeavour of youth.Youth can provide leadership and inspiration to their societies. UN Security Council resolution 2250 explicitly recognises \u201cthe important and positive contribution of youth in efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security\u2026[and affirms]\u2026 the important role youth can play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts.\u201d Youth should have a stake in the post-conflict social order so that they support it. Their exposure to violence and risky behaviour, as well as their disadvantages in the labour market, are specific. Youth are at a critical stage in their life cycle and may be permanently disadvantaged if they do not receive appropriate assistance.This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1004, "Sentence":"Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth above the age of 18 are treated as adults in DDR processes despite that, if recruited as children, their emotional, social and educational development may have been severely disrupted.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR legally child youth age 18 covered un convention right child protective framework see section 5 iddrs 5.20 child ddr right protections.youth age 18 treated adult ddr process despite recruited child emotional social educational development may severely disrupted ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth above the age of 18 are treated as adults in DDR processes despite that, if recruited as children, their emotional, social and educational development may have been severely disrupted. Regardless of whether or not they were recruited as children, youth who demobilize when they are over the age of 18 generally fall under the same legal frameworks as adults. However, in terms of criminal responsibility and accountability, any criminal process applicable to youth regarding acts they may have committed as a child should be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or were forced to act as mitigating factors.Youth in countries that are affected by armed conflict may be forced to \u2018grow up quickly\u2019 and take on adult roles and responsibilities. As with children associated with armed forces or armed groups, engagement in armed conflict negatively affects the stages of social and emotional development as well as educational outcomes of young people. Conflict may create barriers to youth building basic literacy and numeracy skills, and gaps in key social, cognitive and emotional development phases such as skill building in critical thinking, problem solving, emotional self- regulation, and sense of self-identity within their community and the world. When schools close due to conflict or insecurity, and there are few opportunities for decent work, many young people lose their sense of pride, trust and place in the community, as well as their hope for the future. Compounding this, youth are often ignored by authorities after conflict, excluded from decision- making structures and, in many cases, their needs and opinions are not taken into account. Health care services, especially reproductive health care services, are often unavailable to them. The accumulation of these factors, particularly where insecurity exists, may push young people into a cycle of poverty and social exclusion, and expose them to criminality, violence and (re-)recruitment into armed forces or groups. These disruptions also reduce the ability of communities and States to benefit from and harness the positive resilience, energy and endeavour of youth.Youth can provide leadership and inspiration to their societies. UN Security Council resolution 2250 explicitly recognises \u201cthe important and positive contribution of youth in efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security\u2026[and affirms]\u2026 the important role youth can play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts.\u201d Youth should have a stake in the post-conflict social order so that they support it. Their exposure to violence and risky behaviour, as well as their disadvantages in the labour market, are specific. Youth are at a critical stage in their life cycle and may be permanently disadvantaged if they do not receive appropriate assistance.This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1004, "Sentence":"Regardless of whether or not they were recruited as children, youth who demobilize when they are over the age of 18 generally fall under the same legal frameworks as adults.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR regardless whether recruited child youth demobilize age 18 generally fall legal framework adult ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth above the age of 18 are treated as adults in DDR processes despite that, if recruited as children, their emotional, social and educational development may have been severely disrupted. Regardless of whether or not they were recruited as children, youth who demobilize when they are over the age of 18 generally fall under the same legal frameworks as adults. However, in terms of criminal responsibility and accountability, any criminal process applicable to youth regarding acts they may have committed as a child should be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or were forced to act as mitigating factors.Youth in countries that are affected by armed conflict may be forced to \u2018grow up quickly\u2019 and take on adult roles and responsibilities. As with children associated with armed forces or armed groups, engagement in armed conflict negatively affects the stages of social and emotional development as well as educational outcomes of young people. Conflict may create barriers to youth building basic literacy and numeracy skills, and gaps in key social, cognitive and emotional development phases such as skill building in critical thinking, problem solving, emotional self- regulation, and sense of self-identity within their community and the world. When schools close due to conflict or insecurity, and there are few opportunities for decent work, many young people lose their sense of pride, trust and place in the community, as well as their hope for the future. Compounding this, youth are often ignored by authorities after conflict, excluded from decision- making structures and, in many cases, their needs and opinions are not taken into account. Health care services, especially reproductive health care services, are often unavailable to them. The accumulation of these factors, particularly where insecurity exists, may push young people into a cycle of poverty and social exclusion, and expose them to criminality, violence and (re-)recruitment into armed forces or groups. These disruptions also reduce the ability of communities and States to benefit from and harness the positive resilience, energy and endeavour of youth.Youth can provide leadership and inspiration to their societies. UN Security Council resolution 2250 explicitly recognises \u201cthe important and positive contribution of youth in efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security\u2026[and affirms]\u2026 the important role youth can play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts.\u201d Youth should have a stake in the post-conflict social order so that they support it. Their exposure to violence and risky behaviour, as well as their disadvantages in the labour market, are specific. Youth are at a critical stage in their life cycle and may be permanently disadvantaged if they do not receive appropriate assistance.This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1004, "Sentence":"However, in terms of criminal responsibility and accountability, any criminal process applicable to youth regarding acts they may have committed as a child should be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or were forced to act as mitigating factors.Youth in countries that are affected by armed conflict may be forced to \u2018grow up quickly\u2019 and take on adult roles and responsibilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR however term criminal responsibility accountability criminal process applicable youth regarding act may committed child subject criminal procedure relevant juvenile jurisdiction consider status child time alleged offense coercive environment lived forced act mitigating factors.youth country affected armed conflict may forced \u2018 grow quickly \u2019 take adult role responsibility ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth above the age of 18 are treated as adults in DDR processes despite that, if recruited as children, their emotional, social and educational development may have been severely disrupted. Regardless of whether or not they were recruited as children, youth who demobilize when they are over the age of 18 generally fall under the same legal frameworks as adults. However, in terms of criminal responsibility and accountability, any criminal process applicable to youth regarding acts they may have committed as a child should be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or were forced to act as mitigating factors.Youth in countries that are affected by armed conflict may be forced to \u2018grow up quickly\u2019 and take on adult roles and responsibilities. As with children associated with armed forces or armed groups, engagement in armed conflict negatively affects the stages of social and emotional development as well as educational outcomes of young people. Conflict may create barriers to youth building basic literacy and numeracy skills, and gaps in key social, cognitive and emotional development phases such as skill building in critical thinking, problem solving, emotional self- regulation, and sense of self-identity within their community and the world. When schools close due to conflict or insecurity, and there are few opportunities for decent work, many young people lose their sense of pride, trust and place in the community, as well as their hope for the future. Compounding this, youth are often ignored by authorities after conflict, excluded from decision- making structures and, in many cases, their needs and opinions are not taken into account. Health care services, especially reproductive health care services, are often unavailable to them. The accumulation of these factors, particularly where insecurity exists, may push young people into a cycle of poverty and social exclusion, and expose them to criminality, violence and (re-)recruitment into armed forces or groups. These disruptions also reduce the ability of communities and States to benefit from and harness the positive resilience, energy and endeavour of youth.Youth can provide leadership and inspiration to their societies. UN Security Council resolution 2250 explicitly recognises \u201cthe important and positive contribution of youth in efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security\u2026[and affirms]\u2026 the important role youth can play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts.\u201d Youth should have a stake in the post-conflict social order so that they support it. Their exposure to violence and risky behaviour, as well as their disadvantages in the labour market, are specific. Youth are at a critical stage in their life cycle and may be permanently disadvantaged if they do not receive appropriate assistance.This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1004, "Sentence":"As with children associated with armed forces or armed groups, engagement in armed conflict negatively affects the stages of social and emotional development as well as educational outcomes of young people.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR child associated armed force armed group engagement armed conflict negatively affect stage social emotional development well educational outcome young people ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth above the age of 18 are treated as adults in DDR processes despite that, if recruited as children, their emotional, social and educational development may have been severely disrupted. Regardless of whether or not they were recruited as children, youth who demobilize when they are over the age of 18 generally fall under the same legal frameworks as adults. However, in terms of criminal responsibility and accountability, any criminal process applicable to youth regarding acts they may have committed as a child should be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or were forced to act as mitigating factors.Youth in countries that are affected by armed conflict may be forced to \u2018grow up quickly\u2019 and take on adult roles and responsibilities. As with children associated with armed forces or armed groups, engagement in armed conflict negatively affects the stages of social and emotional development as well as educational outcomes of young people. Conflict may create barriers to youth building basic literacy and numeracy skills, and gaps in key social, cognitive and emotional development phases such as skill building in critical thinking, problem solving, emotional self- regulation, and sense of self-identity within their community and the world. When schools close due to conflict or insecurity, and there are few opportunities for decent work, many young people lose their sense of pride, trust and place in the community, as well as their hope for the future. Compounding this, youth are often ignored by authorities after conflict, excluded from decision- making structures and, in many cases, their needs and opinions are not taken into account. Health care services, especially reproductive health care services, are often unavailable to them. The accumulation of these factors, particularly where insecurity exists, may push young people into a cycle of poverty and social exclusion, and expose them to criminality, violence and (re-)recruitment into armed forces or groups. These disruptions also reduce the ability of communities and States to benefit from and harness the positive resilience, energy and endeavour of youth.Youth can provide leadership and inspiration to their societies. UN Security Council resolution 2250 explicitly recognises \u201cthe important and positive contribution of youth in efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security\u2026[and affirms]\u2026 the important role youth can play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts.\u201d Youth should have a stake in the post-conflict social order so that they support it. Their exposure to violence and risky behaviour, as well as their disadvantages in the labour market, are specific. Youth are at a critical stage in their life cycle and may be permanently disadvantaged if they do not receive appropriate assistance.This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1004, "Sentence":"Conflict may create barriers to youth building basic literacy and numeracy skills, and gaps in key social, cognitive and emotional development phases such as skill building in critical thinking, problem solving, emotional self- regulation, and sense of self-identity within their community and the world.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR conflict may create barrier youth building basic literacy numeracy skill gap key social cognitive emotional development phase skill building critical thinking problem solving emotional self regulation sense selfidentity within community world ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth above the age of 18 are treated as adults in DDR processes despite that, if recruited as children, their emotional, social and educational development may have been severely disrupted. Regardless of whether or not they were recruited as children, youth who demobilize when they are over the age of 18 generally fall under the same legal frameworks as adults. However, in terms of criminal responsibility and accountability, any criminal process applicable to youth regarding acts they may have committed as a child should be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or were forced to act as mitigating factors.Youth in countries that are affected by armed conflict may be forced to \u2018grow up quickly\u2019 and take on adult roles and responsibilities. As with children associated with armed forces or armed groups, engagement in armed conflict negatively affects the stages of social and emotional development as well as educational outcomes of young people. Conflict may create barriers to youth building basic literacy and numeracy skills, and gaps in key social, cognitive and emotional development phases such as skill building in critical thinking, problem solving, emotional self- regulation, and sense of self-identity within their community and the world. When schools close due to conflict or insecurity, and there are few opportunities for decent work, many young people lose their sense of pride, trust and place in the community, as well as their hope for the future. Compounding this, youth are often ignored by authorities after conflict, excluded from decision- making structures and, in many cases, their needs and opinions are not taken into account. Health care services, especially reproductive health care services, are often unavailable to them. The accumulation of these factors, particularly where insecurity exists, may push young people into a cycle of poverty and social exclusion, and expose them to criminality, violence and (re-)recruitment into armed forces or groups. These disruptions also reduce the ability of communities and States to benefit from and harness the positive resilience, energy and endeavour of youth.Youth can provide leadership and inspiration to their societies. UN Security Council resolution 2250 explicitly recognises \u201cthe important and positive contribution of youth in efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security\u2026[and affirms]\u2026 the important role youth can play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts.\u201d Youth should have a stake in the post-conflict social order so that they support it. Their exposure to violence and risky behaviour, as well as their disadvantages in the labour market, are specific. Youth are at a critical stage in their life cycle and may be permanently disadvantaged if they do not receive appropriate assistance.This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1004, "Sentence":"When schools close due to conflict or insecurity, and there are few opportunities for decent work, many young people lose their sense of pride, trust and place in the community, as well as their hope for the future.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR school close due conflict insecurity opportunity decent work many young people lose sense pride trust place community well hope future ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth above the age of 18 are treated as adults in DDR processes despite that, if recruited as children, their emotional, social and educational development may have been severely disrupted. Regardless of whether or not they were recruited as children, youth who demobilize when they are over the age of 18 generally fall under the same legal frameworks as adults. However, in terms of criminal responsibility and accountability, any criminal process applicable to youth regarding acts they may have committed as a child should be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or were forced to act as mitigating factors.Youth in countries that are affected by armed conflict may be forced to \u2018grow up quickly\u2019 and take on adult roles and responsibilities. As with children associated with armed forces or armed groups, engagement in armed conflict negatively affects the stages of social and emotional development as well as educational outcomes of young people. Conflict may create barriers to youth building basic literacy and numeracy skills, and gaps in key social, cognitive and emotional development phases such as skill building in critical thinking, problem solving, emotional self- regulation, and sense of self-identity within their community and the world. When schools close due to conflict or insecurity, and there are few opportunities for decent work, many young people lose their sense of pride, trust and place in the community, as well as their hope for the future. Compounding this, youth are often ignored by authorities after conflict, excluded from decision- making structures and, in many cases, their needs and opinions are not taken into account. Health care services, especially reproductive health care services, are often unavailable to them. The accumulation of these factors, particularly where insecurity exists, may push young people into a cycle of poverty and social exclusion, and expose them to criminality, violence and (re-)recruitment into armed forces or groups. These disruptions also reduce the ability of communities and States to benefit from and harness the positive resilience, energy and endeavour of youth.Youth can provide leadership and inspiration to their societies. UN Security Council resolution 2250 explicitly recognises \u201cthe important and positive contribution of youth in efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security\u2026[and affirms]\u2026 the important role youth can play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts.\u201d Youth should have a stake in the post-conflict social order so that they support it. Their exposure to violence and risky behaviour, as well as their disadvantages in the labour market, are specific. Youth are at a critical stage in their life cycle and may be permanently disadvantaged if they do not receive appropriate assistance.This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1004, "Sentence":"Compounding this, youth are often ignored by authorities after conflict, excluded from decision- making structures and, in many cases, their needs and opinions are not taken into account.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR compounding youth often ignored authority conflict excluded decision making structure many case need opinion taken account ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth above the age of 18 are treated as adults in DDR processes despite that, if recruited as children, their emotional, social and educational development may have been severely disrupted. Regardless of whether or not they were recruited as children, youth who demobilize when they are over the age of 18 generally fall under the same legal frameworks as adults. However, in terms of criminal responsibility and accountability, any criminal process applicable to youth regarding acts they may have committed as a child should be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or were forced to act as mitigating factors.Youth in countries that are affected by armed conflict may be forced to \u2018grow up quickly\u2019 and take on adult roles and responsibilities. As with children associated with armed forces or armed groups, engagement in armed conflict negatively affects the stages of social and emotional development as well as educational outcomes of young people. Conflict may create barriers to youth building basic literacy and numeracy skills, and gaps in key social, cognitive and emotional development phases such as skill building in critical thinking, problem solving, emotional self- regulation, and sense of self-identity within their community and the world. When schools close due to conflict or insecurity, and there are few opportunities for decent work, many young people lose their sense of pride, trust and place in the community, as well as their hope for the future. Compounding this, youth are often ignored by authorities after conflict, excluded from decision- making structures and, in many cases, their needs and opinions are not taken into account. Health care services, especially reproductive health care services, are often unavailable to them. The accumulation of these factors, particularly where insecurity exists, may push young people into a cycle of poverty and social exclusion, and expose them to criminality, violence and (re-)recruitment into armed forces or groups. These disruptions also reduce the ability of communities and States to benefit from and harness the positive resilience, energy and endeavour of youth.Youth can provide leadership and inspiration to their societies. UN Security Council resolution 2250 explicitly recognises \u201cthe important and positive contribution of youth in efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security\u2026[and affirms]\u2026 the important role youth can play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts.\u201d Youth should have a stake in the post-conflict social order so that they support it. Their exposure to violence and risky behaviour, as well as their disadvantages in the labour market, are specific. Youth are at a critical stage in their life cycle and may be permanently disadvantaged if they do not receive appropriate assistance.This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1004, "Sentence":"Health care services, especially reproductive health care services, are often unavailable to them.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR health care service especially reproductive health care service often unavailable ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth above the age of 18 are treated as adults in DDR processes despite that, if recruited as children, their emotional, social and educational development may have been severely disrupted. Regardless of whether or not they were recruited as children, youth who demobilize when they are over the age of 18 generally fall under the same legal frameworks as adults. However, in terms of criminal responsibility and accountability, any criminal process applicable to youth regarding acts they may have committed as a child should be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or were forced to act as mitigating factors.Youth in countries that are affected by armed conflict may be forced to \u2018grow up quickly\u2019 and take on adult roles and responsibilities. As with children associated with armed forces or armed groups, engagement in armed conflict negatively affects the stages of social and emotional development as well as educational outcomes of young people. Conflict may create barriers to youth building basic literacy and numeracy skills, and gaps in key social, cognitive and emotional development phases such as skill building in critical thinking, problem solving, emotional self- regulation, and sense of self-identity within their community and the world. When schools close due to conflict or insecurity, and there are few opportunities for decent work, many young people lose their sense of pride, trust and place in the community, as well as their hope for the future. Compounding this, youth are often ignored by authorities after conflict, excluded from decision- making structures and, in many cases, their needs and opinions are not taken into account. Health care services, especially reproductive health care services, are often unavailable to them. The accumulation of these factors, particularly where insecurity exists, may push young people into a cycle of poverty and social exclusion, and expose them to criminality, violence and (re-)recruitment into armed forces or groups. These disruptions also reduce the ability of communities and States to benefit from and harness the positive resilience, energy and endeavour of youth.Youth can provide leadership and inspiration to their societies. UN Security Council resolution 2250 explicitly recognises \u201cthe important and positive contribution of youth in efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security\u2026[and affirms]\u2026 the important role youth can play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts.\u201d Youth should have a stake in the post-conflict social order so that they support it. Their exposure to violence and risky behaviour, as well as their disadvantages in the labour market, are specific. Youth are at a critical stage in their life cycle and may be permanently disadvantaged if they do not receive appropriate assistance.This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1004, "Sentence":"The accumulation of these factors, particularly where insecurity exists, may push young people into a cycle of poverty and social exclusion, and expose them to criminality, violence and (re-)recruitment into armed forces or groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR accumulation factor particularly insecurity exists may push young people cycle poverty social exclusion expose criminality violence rerecruitment armed force group ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth above the age of 18 are treated as adults in DDR processes despite that, if recruited as children, their emotional, social and educational development may have been severely disrupted. Regardless of whether or not they were recruited as children, youth who demobilize when they are over the age of 18 generally fall under the same legal frameworks as adults. However, in terms of criminal responsibility and accountability, any criminal process applicable to youth regarding acts they may have committed as a child should be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or were forced to act as mitigating factors.Youth in countries that are affected by armed conflict may be forced to \u2018grow up quickly\u2019 and take on adult roles and responsibilities. As with children associated with armed forces or armed groups, engagement in armed conflict negatively affects the stages of social and emotional development as well as educational outcomes of young people. Conflict may create barriers to youth building basic literacy and numeracy skills, and gaps in key social, cognitive and emotional development phases such as skill building in critical thinking, problem solving, emotional self- regulation, and sense of self-identity within their community and the world. When schools close due to conflict or insecurity, and there are few opportunities for decent work, many young people lose their sense of pride, trust and place in the community, as well as their hope for the future. Compounding this, youth are often ignored by authorities after conflict, excluded from decision- making structures and, in many cases, their needs and opinions are not taken into account. Health care services, especially reproductive health care services, are often unavailable to them. The accumulation of these factors, particularly where insecurity exists, may push young people into a cycle of poverty and social exclusion, and expose them to criminality, violence and (re-)recruitment into armed forces or groups. These disruptions also reduce the ability of communities and States to benefit from and harness the positive resilience, energy and endeavour of youth.Youth can provide leadership and inspiration to their societies. UN Security Council resolution 2250 explicitly recognises \u201cthe important and positive contribution of youth in efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security\u2026[and affirms]\u2026 the important role youth can play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts.\u201d Youth should have a stake in the post-conflict social order so that they support it. Their exposure to violence and risky behaviour, as well as their disadvantages in the labour market, are specific. Youth are at a critical stage in their life cycle and may be permanently disadvantaged if they do not receive appropriate assistance.This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1004, "Sentence":"These disruptions also reduce the ability of communities and States to benefit from and harness the positive resilience, energy and endeavour of youth.Youth can provide leadership and inspiration to their societies.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR disruption also reduce ability community state benefit harness positive resilience energy endeavour youth.youth provide leadership inspiration society ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth above the age of 18 are treated as adults in DDR processes despite that, if recruited as children, their emotional, social and educational development may have been severely disrupted. Regardless of whether or not they were recruited as children, youth who demobilize when they are over the age of 18 generally fall under the same legal frameworks as adults. However, in terms of criminal responsibility and accountability, any criminal process applicable to youth regarding acts they may have committed as a child should be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or were forced to act as mitigating factors.Youth in countries that are affected by armed conflict may be forced to \u2018grow up quickly\u2019 and take on adult roles and responsibilities. As with children associated with armed forces or armed groups, engagement in armed conflict negatively affects the stages of social and emotional development as well as educational outcomes of young people. Conflict may create barriers to youth building basic literacy and numeracy skills, and gaps in key social, cognitive and emotional development phases such as skill building in critical thinking, problem solving, emotional self- regulation, and sense of self-identity within their community and the world. When schools close due to conflict or insecurity, and there are few opportunities for decent work, many young people lose their sense of pride, trust and place in the community, as well as their hope for the future. Compounding this, youth are often ignored by authorities after conflict, excluded from decision- making structures and, in many cases, their needs and opinions are not taken into account. Health care services, especially reproductive health care services, are often unavailable to them. The accumulation of these factors, particularly where insecurity exists, may push young people into a cycle of poverty and social exclusion, and expose them to criminality, violence and (re-)recruitment into armed forces or groups. These disruptions also reduce the ability of communities and States to benefit from and harness the positive resilience, energy and endeavour of youth.Youth can provide leadership and inspiration to their societies. UN Security Council resolution 2250 explicitly recognises \u201cthe important and positive contribution of youth in efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security\u2026[and affirms]\u2026 the important role youth can play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts.\u201d Youth should have a stake in the post-conflict social order so that they support it. Their exposure to violence and risky behaviour, as well as their disadvantages in the labour market, are specific. Youth are at a critical stage in their life cycle and may be permanently disadvantaged if they do not receive appropriate assistance.This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1004, "Sentence":"UN Security Council resolution 2250 explicitly recognises \u201cthe important and positive contribution of youth in efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security\u2026[and affirms]\u2026 the important role youth can play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts.\u201d Youth should have a stake in the post-conflict social order so that they support it.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR un security council resolution 2250 explicitly recognises \u201c important positive contribution youth effort maintenance promotion peace security\u2026and affirms\u2026 important role youth play prevention resolution conflict key aspect sustainability inclusiveness success peacekeeping peacebuilding efforts. \u201d youth stake postconflict social order support ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth above the age of 18 are treated as adults in DDR processes despite that, if recruited as children, their emotional, social and educational development may have been severely disrupted. Regardless of whether or not they were recruited as children, youth who demobilize when they are over the age of 18 generally fall under the same legal frameworks as adults. However, in terms of criminal responsibility and accountability, any criminal process applicable to youth regarding acts they may have committed as a child should be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or were forced to act as mitigating factors.Youth in countries that are affected by armed conflict may be forced to \u2018grow up quickly\u2019 and take on adult roles and responsibilities. As with children associated with armed forces or armed groups, engagement in armed conflict negatively affects the stages of social and emotional development as well as educational outcomes of young people. Conflict may create barriers to youth building basic literacy and numeracy skills, and gaps in key social, cognitive and emotional development phases such as skill building in critical thinking, problem solving, emotional self- regulation, and sense of self-identity within their community and the world. When schools close due to conflict or insecurity, and there are few opportunities for decent work, many young people lose their sense of pride, trust and place in the community, as well as their hope for the future. Compounding this, youth are often ignored by authorities after conflict, excluded from decision- making structures and, in many cases, their needs and opinions are not taken into account. Health care services, especially reproductive health care services, are often unavailable to them. The accumulation of these factors, particularly where insecurity exists, may push young people into a cycle of poverty and social exclusion, and expose them to criminality, violence and (re-)recruitment into armed forces or groups. These disruptions also reduce the ability of communities and States to benefit from and harness the positive resilience, energy and endeavour of youth.Youth can provide leadership and inspiration to their societies. UN Security Council resolution 2250 explicitly recognises \u201cthe important and positive contribution of youth in efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security\u2026[and affirms]\u2026 the important role youth can play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts.\u201d Youth should have a stake in the post-conflict social order so that they support it. Their exposure to violence and risky behaviour, as well as their disadvantages in the labour market, are specific. Youth are at a critical stage in their life cycle and may be permanently disadvantaged if they do not receive appropriate assistance.This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1004, "Sentence":"Their exposure to violence and risky behaviour, as well as their disadvantages in the labour market, are specific.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR exposure violence risky behaviour well disadvantage labour market specific ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth above the age of 18 are treated as adults in DDR processes despite that, if recruited as children, their emotional, social and educational development may have been severely disrupted. Regardless of whether or not they were recruited as children, youth who demobilize when they are over the age of 18 generally fall under the same legal frameworks as adults. However, in terms of criminal responsibility and accountability, any criminal process applicable to youth regarding acts they may have committed as a child should be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or were forced to act as mitigating factors.Youth in countries that are affected by armed conflict may be forced to \u2018grow up quickly\u2019 and take on adult roles and responsibilities. As with children associated with armed forces or armed groups, engagement in armed conflict negatively affects the stages of social and emotional development as well as educational outcomes of young people. Conflict may create barriers to youth building basic literacy and numeracy skills, and gaps in key social, cognitive and emotional development phases such as skill building in critical thinking, problem solving, emotional self- regulation, and sense of self-identity within their community and the world. When schools close due to conflict or insecurity, and there are few opportunities for decent work, many young people lose their sense of pride, trust and place in the community, as well as their hope for the future. Compounding this, youth are often ignored by authorities after conflict, excluded from decision- making structures and, in many cases, their needs and opinions are not taken into account. Health care services, especially reproductive health care services, are often unavailable to them. The accumulation of these factors, particularly where insecurity exists, may push young people into a cycle of poverty and social exclusion, and expose them to criminality, violence and (re-)recruitment into armed forces or groups. These disruptions also reduce the ability of communities and States to benefit from and harness the positive resilience, energy and endeavour of youth.Youth can provide leadership and inspiration to their societies. UN Security Council resolution 2250 explicitly recognises \u201cthe important and positive contribution of youth in efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security\u2026[and affirms]\u2026 the important role youth can play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts.\u201d Youth should have a stake in the post-conflict social order so that they support it. Their exposure to violence and risky behaviour, as well as their disadvantages in the labour market, are specific. Youth are at a critical stage in their life cycle and may be permanently disadvantaged if they do not receive appropriate assistance.This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1004, "Sentence":"Youth are at a critical stage in their life cycle and may be permanently disadvantaged if they do not receive appropriate assistance.This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth critical stage life cycle may permanently disadvantaged receive appropriate assistance.this module provides critical guidance ddr practitioner plan design implement youthfocused ddr process aim promote participation recovery sustainable reintegration youth family community ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are often implemented in contexts where the majority of former combatants are youth, an age group defined by the United Nations (UN) as those between 15 and 24 years of age. Individuals within this age bracket have a unique set of needs and do not easily fit into pre-determined categories. Those under 18 are regarded as children associated with armed forces or armed groups (CAAFAG) and shall be treated as children. Legally, children and youth up to the age of 18 are covered under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and other protective frameworks (see section 5 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) and all have the same rights and protections.Youth above the age of 18 are treated as adults in DDR processes despite that, if recruited as children, their emotional, social and educational development may have been severely disrupted. Regardless of whether or not they were recruited as children, youth who demobilize when they are over the age of 18 generally fall under the same legal frameworks as adults. However, in terms of criminal responsibility and accountability, any criminal process applicable to youth regarding acts they may have committed as a child should be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or were forced to act as mitigating factors.Youth in countries that are affected by armed conflict may be forced to \u2018grow up quickly\u2019 and take on adult roles and responsibilities. As with children associated with armed forces or armed groups, engagement in armed conflict negatively affects the stages of social and emotional development as well as educational outcomes of young people. Conflict may create barriers to youth building basic literacy and numeracy skills, and gaps in key social, cognitive and emotional development phases such as skill building in critical thinking, problem solving, emotional self- regulation, and sense of self-identity within their community and the world. When schools close due to conflict or insecurity, and there are few opportunities for decent work, many young people lose their sense of pride, trust and place in the community, as well as their hope for the future. Compounding this, youth are often ignored by authorities after conflict, excluded from decision- making structures and, in many cases, their needs and opinions are not taken into account. Health care services, especially reproductive health care services, are often unavailable to them. The accumulation of these factors, particularly where insecurity exists, may push young people into a cycle of poverty and social exclusion, and expose them to criminality, violence and (re-)recruitment into armed forces or groups. These disruptions also reduce the ability of communities and States to benefit from and harness the positive resilience, energy and endeavour of youth.Youth can provide leadership and inspiration to their societies. UN Security Council resolution 2250 explicitly recognises \u201cthe important and positive contribution of youth in efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security\u2026[and affirms]\u2026 the important role youth can play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and as a key aspect of the sustainability, inclusiveness and success of peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts.\u201d Youth should have a stake in the post-conflict social order so that they support it. Their exposure to violence and risky behaviour, as well as their disadvantages in the labour market, are specific. Youth are at a critical stage in their life cycle and may be permanently disadvantaged if they do not receive appropriate assistance.This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1004, "Sentence":"The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR guidance recognizes unique need challenge facing youth transition civilian life well critical role play armed conflict peace process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1005, "Sentence":"This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR module provides critical guidance ddr practitioner plan design implement youthfocused ddr process aim promote participation recovery sustainable reintegration youth family community ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners on how to plan, design and implement youth-focused DDR processes that aim to promote the participation, recovery and sustainable reintegration of youth into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1005, "Sentence":"The guidance recognizes the unique needs and challenges facing youth during their transition to civilian life, as well as the critical role they play in armed conflict and peace processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR guidance recognizes unique need challenge facing youth transition civilian life well critical role play armed conflict peace process ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s decision to participate in a DDR process shall be informed and voluntary.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1006, "Sentence":"A young person\u2019s decision to participate in a DDR process shall be informed and voluntary.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR young person \u2019 decision participate ddr process shall informed voluntary ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children. Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation. If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). For any youth under age 18, child-specific programming and rights shall be the priority, however, when appropriate, DDR practitioners may consider complementary youth-focused approaches to address the risks and needs of youth nearing adulthood.For ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups aged 18-24, eligibility for DDR will depend on the particular DDR process in place. If a DDR programme is being implemented, eligibility criteria shall be defined in a national DDR programme document. If a CVR programme is being implemented, then eligibility criteria shall be developed in consultation with target communities, and, if in existence, a Project Selection Committee (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, eligibility for reintegration support shall be decided by relevant national and local authorities, with support, where appropriate, from relevant UN mission entities as well as UN agencies, programmes and funds (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1007, "Sentence":"As outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR outlined iddrs 5.20 child ddr person 18 year age associated armed force group shall eligible participation ddr process designed specifically child ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children. Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation. If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). For any youth under age 18, child-specific programming and rights shall be the priority, however, when appropriate, DDR practitioners may consider complementary youth-focused approaches to address the risks and needs of youth nearing adulthood.For ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups aged 18-24, eligibility for DDR will depend on the particular DDR process in place. If a DDR programme is being implemented, eligibility criteria shall be defined in a national DDR programme document. If a CVR programme is being implemented, then eligibility criteria shall be developed in consultation with target communities, and, if in existence, a Project Selection Committee (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, eligibility for reintegration support shall be decided by relevant national and local authorities, with support, where appropriate, from relevant UN mission entities as well as UN agencies, programmes and funds (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1007, "Sentence":"Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR eligibility ddr process caafag shall conditioned child \u2019 possession handover weapon ammunition participation hostility weapon training shall condition kind participation ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children. Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation. If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). For any youth under age 18, child-specific programming and rights shall be the priority, however, when appropriate, DDR practitioners may consider complementary youth-focused approaches to address the risks and needs of youth nearing adulthood.For ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups aged 18-24, eligibility for DDR will depend on the particular DDR process in place. If a DDR programme is being implemented, eligibility criteria shall be defined in a national DDR programme document. If a CVR programme is being implemented, then eligibility criteria shall be developed in consultation with target communities, and, if in existence, a Project Selection Committee (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, eligibility for reintegration support shall be decided by relevant national and local authorities, with support, where appropriate, from relevant UN mission entities as well as UN agencies, programmes and funds (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1007, "Sentence":"If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR doubt whether individual 18 year old age assessment shall conducted see annex b iddrs 5.20 child ddr ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children. Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation. If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). For any youth under age 18, child-specific programming and rights shall be the priority, however, when appropriate, DDR practitioners may consider complementary youth-focused approaches to address the risks and needs of youth nearing adulthood.For ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups aged 18-24, eligibility for DDR will depend on the particular DDR process in place. If a DDR programme is being implemented, eligibility criteria shall be defined in a national DDR programme document. If a CVR programme is being implemented, then eligibility criteria shall be developed in consultation with target communities, and, if in existence, a Project Selection Committee (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, eligibility for reintegration support shall be decided by relevant national and local authorities, with support, where appropriate, from relevant UN mission entities as well as UN agencies, programmes and funds (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1007, "Sentence":"For any youth under age 18, child-specific programming and rights shall be the priority, however, when appropriate, DDR practitioners may consider complementary youth-focused approaches to address the risks and needs of youth nearing adulthood.For ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups aged 18-24, eligibility for DDR will depend on the particular DDR process in place.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth age 18 childspecific programming right shall priority however appropriate ddr practitioner may consider complementary youthfocused approach address risk need youth nearing adulthood.for excombatants person associated armed force group aged 1824 eligibility ddr depend particular ddr process place ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children. Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation. If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). For any youth under age 18, child-specific programming and rights shall be the priority, however, when appropriate, DDR practitioners may consider complementary youth-focused approaches to address the risks and needs of youth nearing adulthood.For ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups aged 18-24, eligibility for DDR will depend on the particular DDR process in place. If a DDR programme is being implemented, eligibility criteria shall be defined in a national DDR programme document. If a CVR programme is being implemented, then eligibility criteria shall be developed in consultation with target communities, and, if in existence, a Project Selection Committee (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, eligibility for reintegration support shall be decided by relevant national and local authorities, with support, where appropriate, from relevant UN mission entities as well as UN agencies, programmes and funds (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1007, "Sentence":"If a DDR programme is being implemented, eligibility criteria shall be defined in a national DDR programme document.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr programme implemented eligibility criterion shall defined national ddr programme document ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children. Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation. If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). For any youth under age 18, child-specific programming and rights shall be the priority, however, when appropriate, DDR practitioners may consider complementary youth-focused approaches to address the risks and needs of youth nearing adulthood.For ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups aged 18-24, eligibility for DDR will depend on the particular DDR process in place. If a DDR programme is being implemented, eligibility criteria shall be defined in a national DDR programme document. If a CVR programme is being implemented, then eligibility criteria shall be developed in consultation with target communities, and, if in existence, a Project Selection Committee (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, eligibility for reintegration support shall be decided by relevant national and local authorities, with support, where appropriate, from relevant UN mission entities as well as UN agencies, programmes and funds (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1007, "Sentence":"If a CVR programme is being implemented, then eligibility criteria shall be developed in consultation with target communities, and, if in existence, a Project Selection Committee (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR cvr programme implemented eligibility criterion shall developed consultation target community existence project selection committee see iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children. Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation. If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). For any youth under age 18, child-specific programming and rights shall be the priority, however, when appropriate, DDR practitioners may consider complementary youth-focused approaches to address the risks and needs of youth nearing adulthood.For ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups aged 18-24, eligibility for DDR will depend on the particular DDR process in place. If a DDR programme is being implemented, eligibility criteria shall be defined in a national DDR programme document. If a CVR programme is being implemented, then eligibility criteria shall be developed in consultation with target communities, and, if in existence, a Project Selection Committee (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, eligibility for reintegration support shall be decided by relevant national and local authorities, with support, where appropriate, from relevant UN mission entities as well as UN agencies, programmes and funds (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1007, "Sentence":"If the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, eligibility for reintegration support shall be decided by relevant national and local authorities, with support, where appropriate, from relevant UN mission entities as well as UN agencies, programmes and funds (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR precondition ddr programme place eligibility reintegration support shall decided relevant national local authority support appropriate relevant un mission entity well un agency programme fund see iddrs 2.40 reintegration part sustaining peace ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of CAFFAG, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups for this specific purpose. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or related process, such as Security Sector Reform (SSR), is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and therefore may be excluded from DDR support. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for and take steps to obtain the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, foreign missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1008, "Sentence":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr process child shall contingent political negotiation adult ddr process ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of CAFFAG, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups for this specific purpose. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or related process, such as Security Sector Reform (SSR), is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and therefore may be excluded from DDR support. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for and take steps to obtain the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, foreign missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1008, "Sentence":"Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of CAFFAG, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR effort shall always made prevent recruitment secure release caffag irrespective stage conflict status peace negotiation ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of CAFFAG, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups for this specific purpose. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or related process, such as Security Sector Reform (SSR), is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and therefore may be excluded from DDR support. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for and take steps to obtain the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, foreign missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1008, "Sentence":"Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups for this specific purpose.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR may require negotiation armed force group specific purpose ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of CAFFAG, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups for this specific purpose. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or related process, such as Security Sector Reform (SSR), is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and therefore may be excluded from DDR support. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for and take steps to obtain the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, foreign missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1008, "Sentence":"Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR special provision effort may needed reach girl often face unique obstacle identification release ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of CAFFAG, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups for this specific purpose. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or related process, such as Security Sector Reform (SSR), is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and therefore may be excluded from DDR support. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for and take steps to obtain the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, foreign missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1008, "Sentence":"These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or related process, such as Security Sector Reform (SSR), is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and therefore may be excluded from DDR support.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR obstacle may include specific sociocultural factor perception girl \u2018 wife \u2019 dependent rather associated child gendered barrier information sensitization fear armed force group admitting presence girls.the mechanism structure release reintegration child shall set soon possible continue ongoing armed conflict peace agreement signed peacekeeping mission deployed ddr process related process security sector reform ssr established.armed force group rarely acknowledge presence child rank child often identified therefore may excluded ddr support ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of CAFFAG, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups for this specific purpose. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or related process, such as Security Sector Reform (SSR), is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and therefore may be excluded from DDR support. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for and take steps to obtain the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, foreign missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1008, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for and take steps to obtain the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr practitioner child protection actor involved providing service ddr process well un personnel broadly shall actively call take step obtain unconditional release caafag time child \u2019 need considered ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of CAFFAG, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups for this specific purpose. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or related process, such as Security Sector Reform (SSR), is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and therefore may be excluded from DDR support. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for and take steps to obtain the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, foreign missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1008, "Sentence":"Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR advocacy kind aim highlight issue faced caafag ensures role played girl boy conflict situation identified acknowledged ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of CAFFAG, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups for this specific purpose. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or related process, such as Security Sector Reform (SSR), is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and therefore may be excluded from DDR support. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for and take steps to obtain the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, foreign missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1008, "Sentence":"Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR advocacy shall take place level formal informal discussion ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of CAFFAG, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups for this specific purpose. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or related process, such as Security Sector Reform (SSR), is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and therefore may be excluded from DDR support. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for and take steps to obtain the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, foreign missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1008, "Sentence":"UN agencies, foreign missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR un agency foreign mission mediator donor representative party conflict involved ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of CAFFAG, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups for this specific purpose. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or related process, such as Security Sector Reform (SSR), is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and therefore may be excluded from DDR support. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for and take steps to obtain the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, foreign missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1008, "Sentence":"If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR possible advocacy also linked existing civil society action national system see iddrs 5.20 child ddr ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Youth-focused DDR processes shall respect the principles of international humanitarian law and promote the human rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they reintegrate. Core principles for delivery of humanitarian assistances include humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence. When supporting youth, care shall be taken to assess the possible impact of measures on vulnerable populations which may, by their very nature, have disproportionate or discriminatory impacts on different groups, even if unintended. Responses shall enhance the safety, dignity, and rights of all people, and avoid exposing them to harm, provide access to assistance according to need and without discrimination, assist people to recover from the physical and psychological effects of threatened or actual violence, coercion or deliberate deprivation, and support people to fulfil their rights.2", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1009, "Sentence":"Youth-focused DDR processes shall respect the principles of international humanitarian law and promote the human rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they reintegrate.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youthfocused ddr process shall respect principle international humanitarian law promote human right ddr participant community reintegrate ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Youth-focused DDR processes shall respect the principles of international humanitarian law and promote the human rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they reintegrate. Core principles for delivery of humanitarian assistances include humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence. When supporting youth, care shall be taken to assess the possible impact of measures on vulnerable populations which may, by their very nature, have disproportionate or discriminatory impacts on different groups, even if unintended. Responses shall enhance the safety, dignity, and rights of all people, and avoid exposing them to harm, provide access to assistance according to need and without discrimination, assist people to recover from the physical and psychological effects of threatened or actual violence, coercion or deliberate deprivation, and support people to fulfil their rights.2", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1009, "Sentence":"Core principles for delivery of humanitarian assistances include humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR core principle delivery humanitarian assistance include humanity impartiality neutrality independence ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Youth-focused DDR processes shall respect the principles of international humanitarian law and promote the human rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they reintegrate. Core principles for delivery of humanitarian assistances include humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence. When supporting youth, care shall be taken to assess the possible impact of measures on vulnerable populations which may, by their very nature, have disproportionate or discriminatory impacts on different groups, even if unintended. Responses shall enhance the safety, dignity, and rights of all people, and avoid exposing them to harm, provide access to assistance according to need and without discrimination, assist people to recover from the physical and psychological effects of threatened or actual violence, coercion or deliberate deprivation, and support people to fulfil their rights.2", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1009, "Sentence":"When supporting youth, care shall be taken to assess the possible impact of measures on vulnerable populations which may, by their very nature, have disproportionate or discriminatory impacts on different groups, even if unintended.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR supporting youth care shall taken ass possible impact measure vulnerable population may nature disproportionate discriminatory impact different group even unintended ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Youth-focused DDR processes shall respect the principles of international humanitarian law and promote the human rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they reintegrate. Core principles for delivery of humanitarian assistances include humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence. When supporting youth, care shall be taken to assess the possible impact of measures on vulnerable populations which may, by their very nature, have disproportionate or discriminatory impacts on different groups, even if unintended. Responses shall enhance the safety, dignity, and rights of all people, and avoid exposing them to harm, provide access to assistance according to need and without discrimination, assist people to recover from the physical and psychological effects of threatened or actual violence, coercion or deliberate deprivation, and support people to fulfil their rights.2", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1009, "Sentence":"Responses shall enhance the safety, dignity, and rights of all people, and avoid exposing them to harm, provide access to assistance according to need and without discrimination, assist people to recover from the physical and psychological effects of threatened or actual violence, coercion or deliberate deprivation, and support people to fulfil their rights.2", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR response shall enhance safety dignity right people avoid exposing harm provide access assistance according need without discrimination assist people recover physical psychological effect threatened actual violence coercion deliberate deprivation support people fulfil rights.2" }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles of integrated DDR processes. Youth who are ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups shall not be discriminated against due to age, gender, sex, race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, disability or other personal characteristics or associations. The specific needs of male and female youth shall be fully taken into account in all stages of planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR processes. A gender transformative approach to youth-focused DDR should also be pursued. This is because overcoming gender inequality is particularly important when dealing with young people in their formative years.DDR processes shall also foster connections between youth who are (and are not) former members of armed forces or groups and the wider community. Community-based approaches to DDR expose young people who are former members of armed forces or groups to non-military rules and behaviour and encourage their inclusion in the community and society at large. This exposure also provides opportunities for joint economic activities and supports broader reconciliation efforts.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1010, "Sentence":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles of integrated DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR nondiscrimination fair equitable treatment core principle integrated ddr process ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles of integrated DDR processes. Youth who are ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups shall not be discriminated against due to age, gender, sex, race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, disability or other personal characteristics or associations. The specific needs of male and female youth shall be fully taken into account in all stages of planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR processes. A gender transformative approach to youth-focused DDR should also be pursued. This is because overcoming gender inequality is particularly important when dealing with young people in their formative years.DDR processes shall also foster connections between youth who are (and are not) former members of armed forces or groups and the wider community. Community-based approaches to DDR expose young people who are former members of armed forces or groups to non-military rules and behaviour and encourage their inclusion in the community and society at large. This exposure also provides opportunities for joint economic activities and supports broader reconciliation efforts.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1010, "Sentence":"Youth who are ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups shall not be discriminated against due to age, gender, sex, race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, disability or other personal characteristics or associations.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth excombatants person formerly associated armed force group shall discriminated due age gender sex race religion nationality ethnicity disability personal characteristic association ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles of integrated DDR processes. Youth who are ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups shall not be discriminated against due to age, gender, sex, race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, disability or other personal characteristics or associations. The specific needs of male and female youth shall be fully taken into account in all stages of planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR processes. A gender transformative approach to youth-focused DDR should also be pursued. This is because overcoming gender inequality is particularly important when dealing with young people in their formative years.DDR processes shall also foster connections between youth who are (and are not) former members of armed forces or groups and the wider community. Community-based approaches to DDR expose young people who are former members of armed forces or groups to non-military rules and behaviour and encourage their inclusion in the community and society at large. This exposure also provides opportunities for joint economic activities and supports broader reconciliation efforts.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1010, "Sentence":"The specific needs of male and female youth shall be fully taken into account in all stages of planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR specific need male female youth shall fully taken account stage planning implementation youthfocused ddr process ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles of integrated DDR processes. Youth who are ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups shall not be discriminated against due to age, gender, sex, race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, disability or other personal characteristics or associations. The specific needs of male and female youth shall be fully taken into account in all stages of planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR processes. A gender transformative approach to youth-focused DDR should also be pursued. This is because overcoming gender inequality is particularly important when dealing with young people in their formative years.DDR processes shall also foster connections between youth who are (and are not) former members of armed forces or groups and the wider community. Community-based approaches to DDR expose young people who are former members of armed forces or groups to non-military rules and behaviour and encourage their inclusion in the community and society at large. This exposure also provides opportunities for joint economic activities and supports broader reconciliation efforts.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1010, "Sentence":"A gender transformative approach to youth-focused DDR should also be pursued.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR gender transformative approach youthfocused ddr also pursued ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles of integrated DDR processes. Youth who are ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups shall not be discriminated against due to age, gender, sex, race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, disability or other personal characteristics or associations. The specific needs of male and female youth shall be fully taken into account in all stages of planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR processes. A gender transformative approach to youth-focused DDR should also be pursued. This is because overcoming gender inequality is particularly important when dealing with young people in their formative years.DDR processes shall also foster connections between youth who are (and are not) former members of armed forces or groups and the wider community. Community-based approaches to DDR expose young people who are former members of armed forces or groups to non-military rules and behaviour and encourage their inclusion in the community and society at large. This exposure also provides opportunities for joint economic activities and supports broader reconciliation efforts.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1010, "Sentence":"This is because overcoming gender inequality is particularly important when dealing with young people in their formative years.DDR processes shall also foster connections between youth who are (and are not) former members of armed forces or groups and the wider community.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR overcoming gender inequality particularly important dealing young people formative years.ddr process shall also foster connection youth former member armed force group wider community ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles of integrated DDR processes. Youth who are ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups shall not be discriminated against due to age, gender, sex, race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, disability or other personal characteristics or associations. The specific needs of male and female youth shall be fully taken into account in all stages of planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR processes. A gender transformative approach to youth-focused DDR should also be pursued. This is because overcoming gender inequality is particularly important when dealing with young people in their formative years.DDR processes shall also foster connections between youth who are (and are not) former members of armed forces or groups and the wider community. Community-based approaches to DDR expose young people who are former members of armed forces or groups to non-military rules and behaviour and encourage their inclusion in the community and society at large. This exposure also provides opportunities for joint economic activities and supports broader reconciliation efforts.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1010, "Sentence":"Community-based approaches to DDR expose young people who are former members of armed forces or groups to non-military rules and behaviour and encourage their inclusion in the community and society at large.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR communitybased approach ddr expose young people former member armed force group nonmilitary rule behaviour encourage inclusion community society large ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles of integrated DDR processes. Youth who are ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups shall not be discriminated against due to age, gender, sex, race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, disability or other personal characteristics or associations. The specific needs of male and female youth shall be fully taken into account in all stages of planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR processes. A gender transformative approach to youth-focused DDR should also be pursued. This is because overcoming gender inequality is particularly important when dealing with young people in their formative years.DDR processes shall also foster connections between youth who are (and are not) former members of armed forces or groups and the wider community. Community-based approaches to DDR expose young people who are former members of armed forces or groups to non-military rules and behaviour and encourage their inclusion in the community and society at large. This exposure also provides opportunities for joint economic activities and supports broader reconciliation efforts.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1010, "Sentence":"This exposure also provides opportunities for joint economic activities and supports broader reconciliation efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR exposure also provides opportunity joint economic activity support broader reconciliation effort ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A youth-focused approach to DDR shall ensure that no harm is done to youth. Rather, DDR processes shall seek to maximize the benefit to youth, while minimizing any harm. This shall be done through: \\n Assessing and monitoring both positive and negative impacts for youth, and disaggregating data by age, gender and vulnerabilities of young people (while protecting youth\u2019s privacy) and where safe to do so, other social identities. \\n Listening to and taking account of the voices and views of youth in the planning, design, implementation and review of youth-focused DDR processes. \\n Leveraging opportunities for youth to promote peacebuilding and social cohesion through DDR including by building and fortifying stronger connections between youth, irrespective of the armed group or force they may have been traveling or associated with, including those in receiving communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1011, "Sentence":"A youth-focused approach to DDR shall ensure that no harm is done to youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youthfocused approach ddr shall ensure harm done youth ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A youth-focused approach to DDR shall ensure that no harm is done to youth. Rather, DDR processes shall seek to maximize the benefit to youth, while minimizing any harm. This shall be done through: \\n Assessing and monitoring both positive and negative impacts for youth, and disaggregating data by age, gender and vulnerabilities of young people (while protecting youth\u2019s privacy) and where safe to do so, other social identities. \\n Listening to and taking account of the voices and views of youth in the planning, design, implementation and review of youth-focused DDR processes. \\n Leveraging opportunities for youth to promote peacebuilding and social cohesion through DDR including by building and fortifying stronger connections between youth, irrespective of the armed group or force they may have been traveling or associated with, including those in receiving communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1011, "Sentence":"Rather, DDR processes shall seek to maximize the benefit to youth, while minimizing any harm.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR rather ddr process shall seek maximize benefit youth minimizing harm ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A youth-focused approach to DDR shall ensure that no harm is done to youth. Rather, DDR processes shall seek to maximize the benefit to youth, while minimizing any harm. This shall be done through: \\n Assessing and monitoring both positive and negative impacts for youth, and disaggregating data by age, gender and vulnerabilities of young people (while protecting youth\u2019s privacy) and where safe to do so, other social identities. \\n Listening to and taking account of the voices and views of youth in the planning, design, implementation and review of youth-focused DDR processes. \\n Leveraging opportunities for youth to promote peacebuilding and social cohesion through DDR including by building and fortifying stronger connections between youth, irrespective of the armed group or force they may have been traveling or associated with, including those in receiving communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1011, "Sentence":"This shall be done through: \\n Assessing and monitoring both positive and negative impacts for youth, and disaggregating data by age, gender and vulnerabilities of young people (while protecting youth\u2019s privacy) and where safe to do so, other social identities.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR shall done n assessing monitoring positive negative impact youth disaggregating data age gender vulnerability young people protecting youth \u2019 privacy safe social identity ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A youth-focused approach to DDR shall ensure that no harm is done to youth. Rather, DDR processes shall seek to maximize the benefit to youth, while minimizing any harm. This shall be done through: \\n Assessing and monitoring both positive and negative impacts for youth, and disaggregating data by age, gender and vulnerabilities of young people (while protecting youth\u2019s privacy) and where safe to do so, other social identities. \\n Listening to and taking account of the voices and views of youth in the planning, design, implementation and review of youth-focused DDR processes. \\n Leveraging opportunities for youth to promote peacebuilding and social cohesion through DDR including by building and fortifying stronger connections between youth, irrespective of the armed group or force they may have been traveling or associated with, including those in receiving communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1011, "Sentence":"\\n Listening to and taking account of the voices and views of youth in the planning, design, implementation and review of youth-focused DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n listening taking account voice view youth planning design implementation review youthfocused ddr process ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A youth-focused approach to DDR shall ensure that no harm is done to youth. Rather, DDR processes shall seek to maximize the benefit to youth, while minimizing any harm. This shall be done through: \\n Assessing and monitoring both positive and negative impacts for youth, and disaggregating data by age, gender and vulnerabilities of young people (while protecting youth\u2019s privacy) and where safe to do so, other social identities. \\n Listening to and taking account of the voices and views of youth in the planning, design, implementation and review of youth-focused DDR processes. \\n Leveraging opportunities for youth to promote peacebuilding and social cohesion through DDR including by building and fortifying stronger connections between youth, irrespective of the armed group or force they may have been traveling or associated with, including those in receiving communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1011, "Sentence":"\\n Leveraging opportunities for youth to promote peacebuilding and social cohesion through DDR including by building and fortifying stronger connections between youth, irrespective of the armed group or force they may have been traveling or associated with, including those in receiving communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n leveraging opportunity youth promote peacebuilding social cohesion ddr including building fortifying stronger connection youth irrespective armed group force may traveling associated including receiving community ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"There is no simple formula for youth-focused DDR that can be routinely applied in all circumstances. DDR processes shall be contextualized as much as possible in order to take into account the different needs and capacities of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries based on conflict dynamics, cultural, socio-economic, gender and other factors.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1012, "Sentence":"There is no simple formula for youth-focused DDR that can be routinely applied in all circumstances.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR simple formula youthfocused ddr routinely applied circumstance ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"There is no simple formula for youth-focused DDR that can be routinely applied in all circumstances. DDR processes shall be contextualized as much as possible in order to take into account the different needs and capacities of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries based on conflict dynamics, cultural, socio-economic, gender and other factors.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1012, "Sentence":"DDR processes shall be contextualized as much as possible in order to take into account the different needs and capacities of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries based on conflict dynamics, cultural, socio-economic, gender and other factors.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr process shall contextualized much possible order take account different need capacity youth ddr participant beneficiary based conflict dynamic cultural socioeconomic gender factor ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Sufficient long-term funding for DDR processes for children should be made available through a funding mechanism that is independent of and managed separately from adult DDR (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Youth-focused DDR processes for those aged 18 \u2013 24 should also be backed by flexible and long-term funding, that takes into account the importance of creating space for youth (especially the most marginalised) to participate in the planning, design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of DDR processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1013, "Sentence":"Sufficient long-term funding for DDR processes for children should be made available through a funding mechanism that is independent of and managed separately from adult DDR (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR sufficient longterm funding ddr process child made available funding mechanism independent managed separately adult ddr see iddrs 5.20 child ddr ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Sufficient long-term funding for DDR processes for children should be made available through a funding mechanism that is independent of and managed separately from adult DDR (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Youth-focused DDR processes for those aged 18 \u2013 24 should also be backed by flexible and long-term funding, that takes into account the importance of creating space for youth (especially the most marginalised) to participate in the planning, design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of DDR processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1013, "Sentence":"Youth-focused DDR processes for those aged 18 \u2013 24 should also be backed by flexible and long-term funding, that takes into account the importance of creating space for youth (especially the most marginalised) to participate in the planning, design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youthfocused ddr process aged 18 \u2013 24 also backed flexible longterm funding take account importance creating space youth especially marginalised participate planning design implementation monitoring evaluation ddr process ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.2 Accountability and transparency", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Youth shall be provided information about the DDR process so that they can make an informed decision about whether and how they may participate. DDR practitioners shall also solicit and take the views of youth seriously and act upon them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1014, "Sentence":"Youth shall be provided information about the DDR process so that they can make an informed decision about whether and how they may participate.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth shall provided information ddr process make informed decision whether may participate ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.2 Accountability and transparency", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Youth shall be provided information about the DDR process so that they can make an informed decision about whether and how they may participate. DDR practitioners shall also solicit and take the views of youth seriously and act upon them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1014, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall also solicit and take the views of youth seriously and act upon them.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr practitioner shall also solicit take view youth seriously act upon ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Youth-focused DDR processes shall be closely linked to national development strategies, the Sustainable Development Goals and youth development policies. Youth development policies generally include different combinations of social, economic, environmental and health objectives relating to young women and men. In some countries, youth programmes focus on education and training; in others, they focus on youth, sports and other recreational activities, cultural heritage, prevention of substance abuse and HIV\/AIDS, and population planning. The variety of approaches is reflected in different institutional frameworks that may include different ministries \u2014 such as education, health, labour and sports and\/or youth affairs.DDR practitioners shall support the active participation of youth organizations in DDR processes as local youth organizations, working with other civil society groups, often have the potential to direct the energy and ability of young people towards rebuilding a prosperous and fair society.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1015, "Sentence":"Youth-focused DDR processes shall be closely linked to national development strategies, the Sustainable Development Goals and youth development policies.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youthfocused ddr process shall closely linked national development strategy sustainable development goal youth development policy ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Youth-focused DDR processes shall be closely linked to national development strategies, the Sustainable Development Goals and youth development policies. Youth development policies generally include different combinations of social, economic, environmental and health objectives relating to young women and men. In some countries, youth programmes focus on education and training; in others, they focus on youth, sports and other recreational activities, cultural heritage, prevention of substance abuse and HIV\/AIDS, and population planning. The variety of approaches is reflected in different institutional frameworks that may include different ministries \u2014 such as education, health, labour and sports and\/or youth affairs.DDR practitioners shall support the active participation of youth organizations in DDR processes as local youth organizations, working with other civil society groups, often have the potential to direct the energy and ability of young people towards rebuilding a prosperous and fair society.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1015, "Sentence":"Youth development policies generally include different combinations of social, economic, environmental and health objectives relating to young women and men.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth development policy generally include different combination social economic environmental health objective relating young woman men ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Youth-focused DDR processes shall be closely linked to national development strategies, the Sustainable Development Goals and youth development policies. Youth development policies generally include different combinations of social, economic, environmental and health objectives relating to young women and men. In some countries, youth programmes focus on education and training; in others, they focus on youth, sports and other recreational activities, cultural heritage, prevention of substance abuse and HIV\/AIDS, and population planning. The variety of approaches is reflected in different institutional frameworks that may include different ministries \u2014 such as education, health, labour and sports and\/or youth affairs.DDR practitioners shall support the active participation of youth organizations in DDR processes as local youth organizations, working with other civil society groups, often have the potential to direct the energy and ability of young people towards rebuilding a prosperous and fair society.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1015, "Sentence":"In some countries, youth programmes focus on education and training; in others, they focus on youth, sports and other recreational activities, cultural heritage, prevention of substance abuse and HIV\/AIDS, and population planning.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR country youth programme focus education training others focus youth sport recreational activity cultural heritage prevention substance abuse hiv\/aids population planning ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Youth-focused DDR processes shall be closely linked to national development strategies, the Sustainable Development Goals and youth development policies. Youth development policies generally include different combinations of social, economic, environmental and health objectives relating to young women and men. In some countries, youth programmes focus on education and training; in others, they focus on youth, sports and other recreational activities, cultural heritage, prevention of substance abuse and HIV\/AIDS, and population planning. The variety of approaches is reflected in different institutional frameworks that may include different ministries \u2014 such as education, health, labour and sports and\/or youth affairs.DDR practitioners shall support the active participation of youth organizations in DDR processes as local youth organizations, working with other civil society groups, often have the potential to direct the energy and ability of young people towards rebuilding a prosperous and fair society.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1015, "Sentence":"The variety of approaches is reflected in different institutional frameworks that may include different ministries \u2014 such as education, health, labour and sports and\/or youth affairs.DDR practitioners shall support the active participation of youth organizations in DDR processes as local youth organizations, working with other civil society groups, often have the potential to direct the energy and ability of young people towards rebuilding a prosperous and fair society.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR variety approach reflected different institutional framework may include different ministry \u2014 education health labour sport and\/or youth affairs.ddr practitioner shall support active participation youth organization ddr process local youth organization working civil society group often potential direct energy ability young people towards rebuilding prosperous fair society ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Where appropriate, youth-focused DDR processes shall consider regional initiatives to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners shall also tap into regional youth networks where these have the potential to support the DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1016, "Sentence":"Where appropriate, youth-focused DDR processes shall consider regional initiatives to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR appropriate youthfocused ddr process shall consider regional initiative prevent rerecruitment youth ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Where appropriate, youth-focused DDR processes shall consider regional initiatives to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners shall also tap into regional youth networks where these have the potential to support the DDR process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1016, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall also tap into regional youth networks where these have the potential to support the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr practitioner shall also tap regional youth network potential support ddr process ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Many of the problems confronting youth are complex, interrelated and require integrated solutions. However, national youth policies are often drawn up by different institutions with little coordination between them. The setting up of a national commission on DDR (NCDDR) that prioritizes inclusion of youth perspectives, allows the process of coordination and integration to take place, creates synergies and can help to ensure continuity in strategies from DDR to reconstruction and development. To meet the needs of young people in a sustainable way, when applicable, DDR practitioners shall support the NCDDR to make sure that a wide range of people and institutions take part, including representatives from the ministries of youth, gender, family, labour, education and sports, and encourage local governments and community-based youth organizations to play an important part in the identification of specific youth priorities, in order to promote bottom-up approaches that encourage the inclusion and participation of young people.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1017, "Sentence":"Many of the problems confronting youth are complex, interrelated and require integrated solutions.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR many problem confronting youth complex interrelated require integrated solution ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Many of the problems confronting youth are complex, interrelated and require integrated solutions. However, national youth policies are often drawn up by different institutions with little coordination between them. The setting up of a national commission on DDR (NCDDR) that prioritizes inclusion of youth perspectives, allows the process of coordination and integration to take place, creates synergies and can help to ensure continuity in strategies from DDR to reconstruction and development. To meet the needs of young people in a sustainable way, when applicable, DDR practitioners shall support the NCDDR to make sure that a wide range of people and institutions take part, including representatives from the ministries of youth, gender, family, labour, education and sports, and encourage local governments and community-based youth organizations to play an important part in the identification of specific youth priorities, in order to promote bottom-up approaches that encourage the inclusion and participation of young people.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1017, "Sentence":"However, national youth policies are often drawn up by different institutions with little coordination between them.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR however national youth policy often drawn different institution little coordination ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Many of the problems confronting youth are complex, interrelated and require integrated solutions. However, national youth policies are often drawn up by different institutions with little coordination between them. The setting up of a national commission on DDR (NCDDR) that prioritizes inclusion of youth perspectives, allows the process of coordination and integration to take place, creates synergies and can help to ensure continuity in strategies from DDR to reconstruction and development. To meet the needs of young people in a sustainable way, when applicable, DDR practitioners shall support the NCDDR to make sure that a wide range of people and institutions take part, including representatives from the ministries of youth, gender, family, labour, education and sports, and encourage local governments and community-based youth organizations to play an important part in the identification of specific youth priorities, in order to promote bottom-up approaches that encourage the inclusion and participation of young people.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1017, "Sentence":"The setting up of a national commission on DDR (NCDDR) that prioritizes inclusion of youth perspectives, allows the process of coordination and integration to take place, creates synergies and can help to ensure continuity in strategies from DDR to reconstruction and development.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR setting national commission ddr ncddr prioritizes inclusion youth perspective allows process coordination integration take place creates synergy help ensure continuity strategy ddr reconstruction development ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Many of the problems confronting youth are complex, interrelated and require integrated solutions. However, national youth policies are often drawn up by different institutions with little coordination between them. The setting up of a national commission on DDR (NCDDR) that prioritizes inclusion of youth perspectives, allows the process of coordination and integration to take place, creates synergies and can help to ensure continuity in strategies from DDR to reconstruction and development. To meet the needs of young people in a sustainable way, when applicable, DDR practitioners shall support the NCDDR to make sure that a wide range of people and institutions take part, including representatives from the ministries of youth, gender, family, labour, education and sports, and encourage local governments and community-based youth organizations to play an important part in the identification of specific youth priorities, in order to promote bottom-up approaches that encourage the inclusion and participation of young people.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1017, "Sentence":"To meet the needs of young people in a sustainable way, when applicable, DDR practitioners shall support the NCDDR to make sure that a wide range of people and institutions take part, including representatives from the ministries of youth, gender, family, labour, education and sports, and encourage local governments and community-based youth organizations to play an important part in the identification of specific youth priorities, in order to promote bottom-up approaches that encourage the inclusion and participation of young people.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR meet need young people sustainable way applicable ddr practitioner shall support ncddr make sure wide range people institution take part including representative ministry youth gender family labour education sport encourage local government communitybased youth organization play important part identification specific youth priority order promote bottomup approach encourage inclusion participation young people ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.1 Safety and security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Youth shall not be put in harm\u2019s way during DDR processes. Youth shall be kept safe and shall be provided information about where to go for help if they feel unsafe while participating in a DDR process. Risks to youth shall be identified, and efforts shall be made to mitigate such risks. DDR practitioners shall promote decent work conditions to avoid creating further grievances, with a focus on equal conditions for all regardless of their past engagement in armed conflicts, ethnic or other sociocultural background, political or religious beliefs, gender or other considerations to avoid prejudice and discrimination.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1018, "Sentence":"Youth shall not be put in harm\u2019s way during DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth shall put harm \u2019 way ddr process ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.1 Safety and security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Youth shall not be put in harm\u2019s way during DDR processes. Youth shall be kept safe and shall be provided information about where to go for help if they feel unsafe while participating in a DDR process. Risks to youth shall be identified, and efforts shall be made to mitigate such risks. DDR practitioners shall promote decent work conditions to avoid creating further grievances, with a focus on equal conditions for all regardless of their past engagement in armed conflicts, ethnic or other sociocultural background, political or religious beliefs, gender or other considerations to avoid prejudice and discrimination.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1018, "Sentence":"Youth shall be kept safe and shall be provided information about where to go for help if they feel unsafe while participating in a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth shall kept safe shall provided information go help feel unsafe participating ddr process ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.1 Safety and security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Youth shall not be put in harm\u2019s way during DDR processes. Youth shall be kept safe and shall be provided information about where to go for help if they feel unsafe while participating in a DDR process. Risks to youth shall be identified, and efforts shall be made to mitigate such risks. DDR practitioners shall promote decent work conditions to avoid creating further grievances, with a focus on equal conditions for all regardless of their past engagement in armed conflicts, ethnic or other sociocultural background, political or religious beliefs, gender or other considerations to avoid prejudice and discrimination.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1018, "Sentence":"Risks to youth shall be identified, and efforts shall be made to mitigate such risks.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR risk youth shall identified effort shall made mitigate risk ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.1 Safety and security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Youth shall not be put in harm\u2019s way during DDR processes. Youth shall be kept safe and shall be provided information about where to go for help if they feel unsafe while participating in a DDR process. Risks to youth shall be identified, and efforts shall be made to mitigate such risks. DDR practitioners shall promote decent work conditions to avoid creating further grievances, with a focus on equal conditions for all regardless of their past engagement in armed conflicts, ethnic or other sociocultural background, political or religious beliefs, gender or other considerations to avoid prejudice and discrimination.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1018, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall promote decent work conditions to avoid creating further grievances, with a focus on equal conditions for all regardless of their past engagement in armed conflicts, ethnic or other sociocultural background, political or religious beliefs, gender or other considerations to avoid prejudice and discrimination.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr practitioner shall promote decent work condition avoid creating grievance focus equal condition regardless past engagement armed conflict ethnic sociocultural background political religious belief gender consideration avoid prejudice discrimination ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.2 Planning, assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The planning, assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation of youth-focused DDR processes shall, at a minimum, involve youth representatives (ex-combatants, persons associated with armed forces or groups, and community members), including both male and female youth. This helps to ensure that youth immediately begin to act as agents of their own future, fosters trust between the generations, and ensures that both male and female youth priorities are given adequate consideration. Preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth into armed groups shall be a stated goal of DDR processes and included in the planning process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1019, "Sentence":"The planning, assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation of youth-focused DDR processes shall, at a minimum, involve youth representatives (ex-combatants, persons associated with armed forces or groups, and community members), including both male and female youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR planning assessment design monitoring evaluation youthfocused ddr process shall minimum involve youth representative excombatants person associated armed force group community member including male female youth ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.2 Planning, assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The planning, assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation of youth-focused DDR processes shall, at a minimum, involve youth representatives (ex-combatants, persons associated with armed forces or groups, and community members), including both male and female youth. This helps to ensure that youth immediately begin to act as agents of their own future, fosters trust between the generations, and ensures that both male and female youth priorities are given adequate consideration. Preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth into armed groups shall be a stated goal of DDR processes and included in the planning process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1019, "Sentence":"This helps to ensure that youth immediately begin to act as agents of their own future, fosters trust between the generations, and ensures that both male and female youth priorities are given adequate consideration.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR help ensure youth immediately begin act agent future foster trust generation ensures male female youth priority given adequate consideration ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.2 Planning, assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"The planning, assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation of youth-focused DDR processes shall, at a minimum, involve youth representatives (ex-combatants, persons associated with armed forces or groups, and community members), including both male and female youth. This helps to ensure that youth immediately begin to act as agents of their own future, fosters trust between the generations, and ensures that both male and female youth priorities are given adequate consideration. Preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth into armed groups shall be a stated goal of DDR processes and included in the planning process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1019, "Sentence":"Preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth into armed groups shall be a stated goal of DDR processes and included in the planning process.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR preventing recruitment youth armed group shall stated goal ddr process included planning process ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.3 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Effective communication is a critical aspect of successful DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication). A specific communication strategy involving, and where safe and possible, led by youth, shall be developed while planning for a youth-focused DDR process. At a minimum, this communication strategy shall include actions to ensure that youth participants and beneficiaries (and their families) are aware of their eligibility and the opportunities on offer, as well as alternative support available for those that are ineligible. Youth can help to identify how best to communicate this information to other youth and to reach youth in a variety of locations. Youth participants and beneficiaries shall be partners in the communications approach, rather than passive recipients.Public information and awareness raising campaigns shall be designed to specifically address the challenges faced by male and female youth transitioning to civilian status and to provide gender responsive information. Specific efforts shall be made to address societal gender norms that may create stigmatization based on gender and hinder reintegration. For example, female youth who were combatants or associated with armed forces or groups may be particularly affected due to societal perceptions surrounding traditional roles. Male youth may also be similarly affected due to community expectations surrounding masculinity.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1020, "Sentence":"Effective communication is a critical aspect of successful DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR effective communication critical aspect successful ddr see iddrs 4.60 public information strategic communication ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.3 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Effective communication is a critical aspect of successful DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication). A specific communication strategy involving, and where safe and possible, led by youth, shall be developed while planning for a youth-focused DDR process. At a minimum, this communication strategy shall include actions to ensure that youth participants and beneficiaries (and their families) are aware of their eligibility and the opportunities on offer, as well as alternative support available for those that are ineligible. Youth can help to identify how best to communicate this information to other youth and to reach youth in a variety of locations. Youth participants and beneficiaries shall be partners in the communications approach, rather than passive recipients.Public information and awareness raising campaigns shall be designed to specifically address the challenges faced by male and female youth transitioning to civilian status and to provide gender responsive information. Specific efforts shall be made to address societal gender norms that may create stigmatization based on gender and hinder reintegration. For example, female youth who were combatants or associated with armed forces or groups may be particularly affected due to societal perceptions surrounding traditional roles. Male youth may also be similarly affected due to community expectations surrounding masculinity.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1020, "Sentence":"A specific communication strategy involving, and where safe and possible, led by youth, shall be developed while planning for a youth-focused DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR specific communication strategy involving safe possible led youth shall developed planning youthfocused ddr process ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.3 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Effective communication is a critical aspect of successful DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication). A specific communication strategy involving, and where safe and possible, led by youth, shall be developed while planning for a youth-focused DDR process. At a minimum, this communication strategy shall include actions to ensure that youth participants and beneficiaries (and their families) are aware of their eligibility and the opportunities on offer, as well as alternative support available for those that are ineligible. Youth can help to identify how best to communicate this information to other youth and to reach youth in a variety of locations. Youth participants and beneficiaries shall be partners in the communications approach, rather than passive recipients.Public information and awareness raising campaigns shall be designed to specifically address the challenges faced by male and female youth transitioning to civilian status and to provide gender responsive information. Specific efforts shall be made to address societal gender norms that may create stigmatization based on gender and hinder reintegration. For example, female youth who were combatants or associated with armed forces or groups may be particularly affected due to societal perceptions surrounding traditional roles. Male youth may also be similarly affected due to community expectations surrounding masculinity.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1020, "Sentence":"At a minimum, this communication strategy shall include actions to ensure that youth participants and beneficiaries (and their families) are aware of their eligibility and the opportunities on offer, as well as alternative support available for those that are ineligible.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR minimum communication strategy shall include action ensure youth participant beneficiary family aware eligibility opportunity offer well alternative support available ineligible ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.3 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Effective communication is a critical aspect of successful DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication). A specific communication strategy involving, and where safe and possible, led by youth, shall be developed while planning for a youth-focused DDR process. At a minimum, this communication strategy shall include actions to ensure that youth participants and beneficiaries (and their families) are aware of their eligibility and the opportunities on offer, as well as alternative support available for those that are ineligible. Youth can help to identify how best to communicate this information to other youth and to reach youth in a variety of locations. Youth participants and beneficiaries shall be partners in the communications approach, rather than passive recipients.Public information and awareness raising campaigns shall be designed to specifically address the challenges faced by male and female youth transitioning to civilian status and to provide gender responsive information. Specific efforts shall be made to address societal gender norms that may create stigmatization based on gender and hinder reintegration. For example, female youth who were combatants or associated with armed forces or groups may be particularly affected due to societal perceptions surrounding traditional roles. Male youth may also be similarly affected due to community expectations surrounding masculinity.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1020, "Sentence":"Youth can help to identify how best to communicate this information to other youth and to reach youth in a variety of locations.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth help identify best communicate information youth reach youth variety location ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.3 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Effective communication is a critical aspect of successful DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication). A specific communication strategy involving, and where safe and possible, led by youth, shall be developed while planning for a youth-focused DDR process. At a minimum, this communication strategy shall include actions to ensure that youth participants and beneficiaries (and their families) are aware of their eligibility and the opportunities on offer, as well as alternative support available for those that are ineligible. Youth can help to identify how best to communicate this information to other youth and to reach youth in a variety of locations. Youth participants and beneficiaries shall be partners in the communications approach, rather than passive recipients.Public information and awareness raising campaigns shall be designed to specifically address the challenges faced by male and female youth transitioning to civilian status and to provide gender responsive information. Specific efforts shall be made to address societal gender norms that may create stigmatization based on gender and hinder reintegration. For example, female youth who were combatants or associated with armed forces or groups may be particularly affected due to societal perceptions surrounding traditional roles. Male youth may also be similarly affected due to community expectations surrounding masculinity.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1020, "Sentence":"Youth participants and beneficiaries shall be partners in the communications approach, rather than passive recipients.Public information and awareness raising campaigns shall be designed to specifically address the challenges faced by male and female youth transitioning to civilian status and to provide gender responsive information.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth participant beneficiary shall partner communication approach rather passive recipients.public information awareness raising campaign shall designed specifically address challenge faced male female youth transitioning civilian status provide gender responsive information ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.3 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Effective communication is a critical aspect of successful DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication). A specific communication strategy involving, and where safe and possible, led by youth, shall be developed while planning for a youth-focused DDR process. At a minimum, this communication strategy shall include actions to ensure that youth participants and beneficiaries (and their families) are aware of their eligibility and the opportunities on offer, as well as alternative support available for those that are ineligible. Youth can help to identify how best to communicate this information to other youth and to reach youth in a variety of locations. Youth participants and beneficiaries shall be partners in the communications approach, rather than passive recipients.Public information and awareness raising campaigns shall be designed to specifically address the challenges faced by male and female youth transitioning to civilian status and to provide gender responsive information. Specific efforts shall be made to address societal gender norms that may create stigmatization based on gender and hinder reintegration. For example, female youth who were combatants or associated with armed forces or groups may be particularly affected due to societal perceptions surrounding traditional roles. Male youth may also be similarly affected due to community expectations surrounding masculinity.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1020, "Sentence":"Specific efforts shall be made to address societal gender norms that may create stigmatization based on gender and hinder reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR specific effort shall made address societal gender norm may create stigmatization based gender hinder reintegration ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.3 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Effective communication is a critical aspect of successful DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication). A specific communication strategy involving, and where safe and possible, led by youth, shall be developed while planning for a youth-focused DDR process. At a minimum, this communication strategy shall include actions to ensure that youth participants and beneficiaries (and their families) are aware of their eligibility and the opportunities on offer, as well as alternative support available for those that are ineligible. Youth can help to identify how best to communicate this information to other youth and to reach youth in a variety of locations. Youth participants and beneficiaries shall be partners in the communications approach, rather than passive recipients.Public information and awareness raising campaigns shall be designed to specifically address the challenges faced by male and female youth transitioning to civilian status and to provide gender responsive information. Specific efforts shall be made to address societal gender norms that may create stigmatization based on gender and hinder reintegration. For example, female youth who were combatants or associated with armed forces or groups may be particularly affected due to societal perceptions surrounding traditional roles. Male youth may also be similarly affected due to community expectations surrounding masculinity.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1020, "Sentence":"For example, female youth who were combatants or associated with armed forces or groups may be particularly affected due to societal perceptions surrounding traditional roles.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR example female youth combatant associated armed force group may particularly affected due societal perception surrounding traditional role ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.3 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Effective communication is a critical aspect of successful DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication). A specific communication strategy involving, and where safe and possible, led by youth, shall be developed while planning for a youth-focused DDR process. At a minimum, this communication strategy shall include actions to ensure that youth participants and beneficiaries (and their families) are aware of their eligibility and the opportunities on offer, as well as alternative support available for those that are ineligible. Youth can help to identify how best to communicate this information to other youth and to reach youth in a variety of locations. Youth participants and beneficiaries shall be partners in the communications approach, rather than passive recipients.Public information and awareness raising campaigns shall be designed to specifically address the challenges faced by male and female youth transitioning to civilian status and to provide gender responsive information. Specific efforts shall be made to address societal gender norms that may create stigmatization based on gender and hinder reintegration. For example, female youth who were combatants or associated with armed forces or groups may be particularly affected due to societal perceptions surrounding traditional roles. Male youth may also be similarly affected due to community expectations surrounding masculinity.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1020, "Sentence":"Male youth may also be similarly affected due to community expectations surrounding masculinity.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR male youth may also similarly affected due community expectation surrounding masculinity ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"For CAAFAG between the ages of 15 to 17, the situation analysis and minimum preparedness actions outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be undertaken. For youth between the ages of 18 and 24, who are members of armed forces or groups, planning should follow similar processes for that of adult combatants, integrating specific considerations for youth. Specific focus shall be given to the following:Assessments shall include data disaggregated by age and gender. For example, prior to a CVR programme, baseline assessments of local violence dynamics should explicitly unpack the threats and risks to the security of male and female youth (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the DDR process involves reintegration support, assessments of local market conditions should take into account the skills that youth acquired before and during their engagement in armed forces or groups (see section 7.5.5 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Weapons surveys for disarmament and\/or T-WAM activities should also include youth and youth organizations as sources of information, analyse the patterns of weapons possession among youth, map risk and protective factors in relation to youth, and identify youth-specific entry points for programming (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons). It is also important for intergenerational issues to be included in the conflict\/context assessments that are undertaken prior to a youth-focused DDR process. This will elucidate whether it is necessary to include reconciliation measures to reduce inter-generational conflict in the DDR process. Gender analysis including age specific considerations should also be conducted. For more information on DDR-related assessments, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Planning should also take into account different possible types of youth participation \u2013 from consultative participation to collaborative participation, to participation that is youth-led. In certain instances, for example CVR programmes and reintegration support, there may be space for youth to assume an active, leading role. In other instances, such as when a Comprehensive Peace Agreement is being negotiated, the UN should, at a minimum, ensure that youth representatives are consulted (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). More broadly, youth representatives (both civilians and members of armed forces or groups) shall be consulted in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of all DDR processes as key stakeholders, rather than presented with a DDR process in which they had no influence. Principles on how to involve youth in planning processes in a non-tokenistic way can be found in section 7.4 of MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons. No matter how youth are involved, safety of youth and do no harm principles should always be considered when engaging them on sensitive topics such as association with armed actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1021, "Sentence":"For CAAFAG between the ages of 15 to 17, the situation analysis and minimum preparedness actions outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be undertaken.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR caafag age 15 17 situation analysis minimum preparedness action outlined iddrs 5.20 child ddr shall undertaken ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"For CAAFAG between the ages of 15 to 17, the situation analysis and minimum preparedness actions outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be undertaken. For youth between the ages of 18 and 24, who are members of armed forces or groups, planning should follow similar processes for that of adult combatants, integrating specific considerations for youth. Specific focus shall be given to the following:Assessments shall include data disaggregated by age and gender. For example, prior to a CVR programme, baseline assessments of local violence dynamics should explicitly unpack the threats and risks to the security of male and female youth (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the DDR process involves reintegration support, assessments of local market conditions should take into account the skills that youth acquired before and during their engagement in armed forces or groups (see section 7.5.5 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Weapons surveys for disarmament and\/or T-WAM activities should also include youth and youth organizations as sources of information, analyse the patterns of weapons possession among youth, map risk and protective factors in relation to youth, and identify youth-specific entry points for programming (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons). It is also important for intergenerational issues to be included in the conflict\/context assessments that are undertaken prior to a youth-focused DDR process. This will elucidate whether it is necessary to include reconciliation measures to reduce inter-generational conflict in the DDR process. Gender analysis including age specific considerations should also be conducted. For more information on DDR-related assessments, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Planning should also take into account different possible types of youth participation \u2013 from consultative participation to collaborative participation, to participation that is youth-led. In certain instances, for example CVR programmes and reintegration support, there may be space for youth to assume an active, leading role. In other instances, such as when a Comprehensive Peace Agreement is being negotiated, the UN should, at a minimum, ensure that youth representatives are consulted (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). More broadly, youth representatives (both civilians and members of armed forces or groups) shall be consulted in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of all DDR processes as key stakeholders, rather than presented with a DDR process in which they had no influence. Principles on how to involve youth in planning processes in a non-tokenistic way can be found in section 7.4 of MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons. No matter how youth are involved, safety of youth and do no harm principles should always be considered when engaging them on sensitive topics such as association with armed actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1021, "Sentence":"For youth between the ages of 18 and 24, who are members of armed forces or groups, planning should follow similar processes for that of adult combatants, integrating specific considerations for youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth age 18 24 member armed force group planning follow similar process adult combatant integrating specific consideration youth ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"For CAAFAG between the ages of 15 to 17, the situation analysis and minimum preparedness actions outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be undertaken. For youth between the ages of 18 and 24, who are members of armed forces or groups, planning should follow similar processes for that of adult combatants, integrating specific considerations for youth. Specific focus shall be given to the following:Assessments shall include data disaggregated by age and gender. For example, prior to a CVR programme, baseline assessments of local violence dynamics should explicitly unpack the threats and risks to the security of male and female youth (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the DDR process involves reintegration support, assessments of local market conditions should take into account the skills that youth acquired before and during their engagement in armed forces or groups (see section 7.5.5 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Weapons surveys for disarmament and\/or T-WAM activities should also include youth and youth organizations as sources of information, analyse the patterns of weapons possession among youth, map risk and protective factors in relation to youth, and identify youth-specific entry points for programming (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons). It is also important for intergenerational issues to be included in the conflict\/context assessments that are undertaken prior to a youth-focused DDR process. This will elucidate whether it is necessary to include reconciliation measures to reduce inter-generational conflict in the DDR process. Gender analysis including age specific considerations should also be conducted. For more information on DDR-related assessments, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Planning should also take into account different possible types of youth participation \u2013 from consultative participation to collaborative participation, to participation that is youth-led. In certain instances, for example CVR programmes and reintegration support, there may be space for youth to assume an active, leading role. In other instances, such as when a Comprehensive Peace Agreement is being negotiated, the UN should, at a minimum, ensure that youth representatives are consulted (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). More broadly, youth representatives (both civilians and members of armed forces or groups) shall be consulted in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of all DDR processes as key stakeholders, rather than presented with a DDR process in which they had no influence. Principles on how to involve youth in planning processes in a non-tokenistic way can be found in section 7.4 of MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons. No matter how youth are involved, safety of youth and do no harm principles should always be considered when engaging them on sensitive topics such as association with armed actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1021, "Sentence":"Specific focus shall be given to the following:Assessments shall include data disaggregated by age and gender.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR specific focus shall given followingassessments shall include data disaggregated age gender ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"For CAAFAG between the ages of 15 to 17, the situation analysis and minimum preparedness actions outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be undertaken. For youth between the ages of 18 and 24, who are members of armed forces or groups, planning should follow similar processes for that of adult combatants, integrating specific considerations for youth. Specific focus shall be given to the following:Assessments shall include data disaggregated by age and gender. For example, prior to a CVR programme, baseline assessments of local violence dynamics should explicitly unpack the threats and risks to the security of male and female youth (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the DDR process involves reintegration support, assessments of local market conditions should take into account the skills that youth acquired before and during their engagement in armed forces or groups (see section 7.5.5 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Weapons surveys for disarmament and\/or T-WAM activities should also include youth and youth organizations as sources of information, analyse the patterns of weapons possession among youth, map risk and protective factors in relation to youth, and identify youth-specific entry points for programming (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons). It is also important for intergenerational issues to be included in the conflict\/context assessments that are undertaken prior to a youth-focused DDR process. This will elucidate whether it is necessary to include reconciliation measures to reduce inter-generational conflict in the DDR process. Gender analysis including age specific considerations should also be conducted. For more information on DDR-related assessments, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Planning should also take into account different possible types of youth participation \u2013 from consultative participation to collaborative participation, to participation that is youth-led. In certain instances, for example CVR programmes and reintegration support, there may be space for youth to assume an active, leading role. In other instances, such as when a Comprehensive Peace Agreement is being negotiated, the UN should, at a minimum, ensure that youth representatives are consulted (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). More broadly, youth representatives (both civilians and members of armed forces or groups) shall be consulted in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of all DDR processes as key stakeholders, rather than presented with a DDR process in which they had no influence. Principles on how to involve youth in planning processes in a non-tokenistic way can be found in section 7.4 of MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons. No matter how youth are involved, safety of youth and do no harm principles should always be considered when engaging them on sensitive topics such as association with armed actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1021, "Sentence":"For example, prior to a CVR programme, baseline assessments of local violence dynamics should explicitly unpack the threats and risks to the security of male and female youth (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR example prior cvr programme baseline assessment local violence dynamic explicitly unpack threat risk security male female youth see section 6.3 iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"For CAAFAG between the ages of 15 to 17, the situation analysis and minimum preparedness actions outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be undertaken. For youth between the ages of 18 and 24, who are members of armed forces or groups, planning should follow similar processes for that of adult combatants, integrating specific considerations for youth. Specific focus shall be given to the following:Assessments shall include data disaggregated by age and gender. For example, prior to a CVR programme, baseline assessments of local violence dynamics should explicitly unpack the threats and risks to the security of male and female youth (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the DDR process involves reintegration support, assessments of local market conditions should take into account the skills that youth acquired before and during their engagement in armed forces or groups (see section 7.5.5 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Weapons surveys for disarmament and\/or T-WAM activities should also include youth and youth organizations as sources of information, analyse the patterns of weapons possession among youth, map risk and protective factors in relation to youth, and identify youth-specific entry points for programming (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons). It is also important for intergenerational issues to be included in the conflict\/context assessments that are undertaken prior to a youth-focused DDR process. This will elucidate whether it is necessary to include reconciliation measures to reduce inter-generational conflict in the DDR process. Gender analysis including age specific considerations should also be conducted. For more information on DDR-related assessments, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Planning should also take into account different possible types of youth participation \u2013 from consultative participation to collaborative participation, to participation that is youth-led. In certain instances, for example CVR programmes and reintegration support, there may be space for youth to assume an active, leading role. In other instances, such as when a Comprehensive Peace Agreement is being negotiated, the UN should, at a minimum, ensure that youth representatives are consulted (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). More broadly, youth representatives (both civilians and members of armed forces or groups) shall be consulted in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of all DDR processes as key stakeholders, rather than presented with a DDR process in which they had no influence. Principles on how to involve youth in planning processes in a non-tokenistic way can be found in section 7.4 of MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons. No matter how youth are involved, safety of youth and do no harm principles should always be considered when engaging them on sensitive topics such as association with armed actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1021, "Sentence":"If the DDR process involves reintegration support, assessments of local market conditions should take into account the skills that youth acquired before and during their engagement in armed forces or groups (see section 7.5.5 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr process involves reintegration support assessment local market condition take account skill youth acquired engagement armed force group see section 7.5.5 iddrs 4.30 reintegration ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"For CAAFAG between the ages of 15 to 17, the situation analysis and minimum preparedness actions outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be undertaken. For youth between the ages of 18 and 24, who are members of armed forces or groups, planning should follow similar processes for that of adult combatants, integrating specific considerations for youth. Specific focus shall be given to the following:Assessments shall include data disaggregated by age and gender. For example, prior to a CVR programme, baseline assessments of local violence dynamics should explicitly unpack the threats and risks to the security of male and female youth (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the DDR process involves reintegration support, assessments of local market conditions should take into account the skills that youth acquired before and during their engagement in armed forces or groups (see section 7.5.5 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Weapons surveys for disarmament and\/or T-WAM activities should also include youth and youth organizations as sources of information, analyse the patterns of weapons possession among youth, map risk and protective factors in relation to youth, and identify youth-specific entry points for programming (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons). It is also important for intergenerational issues to be included in the conflict\/context assessments that are undertaken prior to a youth-focused DDR process. This will elucidate whether it is necessary to include reconciliation measures to reduce inter-generational conflict in the DDR process. Gender analysis including age specific considerations should also be conducted. For more information on DDR-related assessments, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Planning should also take into account different possible types of youth participation \u2013 from consultative participation to collaborative participation, to participation that is youth-led. In certain instances, for example CVR programmes and reintegration support, there may be space for youth to assume an active, leading role. In other instances, such as when a Comprehensive Peace Agreement is being negotiated, the UN should, at a minimum, ensure that youth representatives are consulted (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). More broadly, youth representatives (both civilians and members of armed forces or groups) shall be consulted in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of all DDR processes as key stakeholders, rather than presented with a DDR process in which they had no influence. Principles on how to involve youth in planning processes in a non-tokenistic way can be found in section 7.4 of MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons. No matter how youth are involved, safety of youth and do no harm principles should always be considered when engaging them on sensitive topics such as association with armed actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1021, "Sentence":"Weapons surveys for disarmament and\/or T-WAM activities should also include youth and youth organizations as sources of information, analyse the patterns of weapons possession among youth, map risk and protective factors in relation to youth, and identify youth-specific entry points for programming (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR weapon survey disarmament and\/or twam activity also include youth youth organization source information analyse pattern weapon possession among youth map risk protective factor relation youth identify youthspecific entry point programming see iddrs 4.10 disarmament iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammunition management mosaic 6.20 child adolescent youth small arm light weapon ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"For CAAFAG between the ages of 15 to 17, the situation analysis and minimum preparedness actions outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be undertaken. For youth between the ages of 18 and 24, who are members of armed forces or groups, planning should follow similar processes for that of adult combatants, integrating specific considerations for youth. Specific focus shall be given to the following:Assessments shall include data disaggregated by age and gender. For example, prior to a CVR programme, baseline assessments of local violence dynamics should explicitly unpack the threats and risks to the security of male and female youth (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the DDR process involves reintegration support, assessments of local market conditions should take into account the skills that youth acquired before and during their engagement in armed forces or groups (see section 7.5.5 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Weapons surveys for disarmament and\/or T-WAM activities should also include youth and youth organizations as sources of information, analyse the patterns of weapons possession among youth, map risk and protective factors in relation to youth, and identify youth-specific entry points for programming (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons). It is also important for intergenerational issues to be included in the conflict\/context assessments that are undertaken prior to a youth-focused DDR process. This will elucidate whether it is necessary to include reconciliation measures to reduce inter-generational conflict in the DDR process. Gender analysis including age specific considerations should also be conducted. For more information on DDR-related assessments, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Planning should also take into account different possible types of youth participation \u2013 from consultative participation to collaborative participation, to participation that is youth-led. In certain instances, for example CVR programmes and reintegration support, there may be space for youth to assume an active, leading role. In other instances, such as when a Comprehensive Peace Agreement is being negotiated, the UN should, at a minimum, ensure that youth representatives are consulted (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). More broadly, youth representatives (both civilians and members of armed forces or groups) shall be consulted in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of all DDR processes as key stakeholders, rather than presented with a DDR process in which they had no influence. Principles on how to involve youth in planning processes in a non-tokenistic way can be found in section 7.4 of MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons. No matter how youth are involved, safety of youth and do no harm principles should always be considered when engaging them on sensitive topics such as association with armed actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1021, "Sentence":"It is also important for intergenerational issues to be included in the conflict\/context assessments that are undertaken prior to a youth-focused DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR also important intergenerational issue included conflict\/context assessment undertaken prior youthfocused ddr process ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"For CAAFAG between the ages of 15 to 17, the situation analysis and minimum preparedness actions outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be undertaken. For youth between the ages of 18 and 24, who are members of armed forces or groups, planning should follow similar processes for that of adult combatants, integrating specific considerations for youth. Specific focus shall be given to the following:Assessments shall include data disaggregated by age and gender. For example, prior to a CVR programme, baseline assessments of local violence dynamics should explicitly unpack the threats and risks to the security of male and female youth (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the DDR process involves reintegration support, assessments of local market conditions should take into account the skills that youth acquired before and during their engagement in armed forces or groups (see section 7.5.5 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Weapons surveys for disarmament and\/or T-WAM activities should also include youth and youth organizations as sources of information, analyse the patterns of weapons possession among youth, map risk and protective factors in relation to youth, and identify youth-specific entry points for programming (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons). It is also important for intergenerational issues to be included in the conflict\/context assessments that are undertaken prior to a youth-focused DDR process. This will elucidate whether it is necessary to include reconciliation measures to reduce inter-generational conflict in the DDR process. Gender analysis including age specific considerations should also be conducted. For more information on DDR-related assessments, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Planning should also take into account different possible types of youth participation \u2013 from consultative participation to collaborative participation, to participation that is youth-led. In certain instances, for example CVR programmes and reintegration support, there may be space for youth to assume an active, leading role. In other instances, such as when a Comprehensive Peace Agreement is being negotiated, the UN should, at a minimum, ensure that youth representatives are consulted (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). More broadly, youth representatives (both civilians and members of armed forces or groups) shall be consulted in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of all DDR processes as key stakeholders, rather than presented with a DDR process in which they had no influence. Principles on how to involve youth in planning processes in a non-tokenistic way can be found in section 7.4 of MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons. No matter how youth are involved, safety of youth and do no harm principles should always be considered when engaging them on sensitive topics such as association with armed actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1021, "Sentence":"This will elucidate whether it is necessary to include reconciliation measures to reduce inter-generational conflict in the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR elucidate whether necessary include reconciliation measure reduce intergenerational conflict ddr process ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"For CAAFAG between the ages of 15 to 17, the situation analysis and minimum preparedness actions outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be undertaken. For youth between the ages of 18 and 24, who are members of armed forces or groups, planning should follow similar processes for that of adult combatants, integrating specific considerations for youth. Specific focus shall be given to the following:Assessments shall include data disaggregated by age and gender. For example, prior to a CVR programme, baseline assessments of local violence dynamics should explicitly unpack the threats and risks to the security of male and female youth (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the DDR process involves reintegration support, assessments of local market conditions should take into account the skills that youth acquired before and during their engagement in armed forces or groups (see section 7.5.5 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Weapons surveys for disarmament and\/or T-WAM activities should also include youth and youth organizations as sources of information, analyse the patterns of weapons possession among youth, map risk and protective factors in relation to youth, and identify youth-specific entry points for programming (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons). It is also important for intergenerational issues to be included in the conflict\/context assessments that are undertaken prior to a youth-focused DDR process. This will elucidate whether it is necessary to include reconciliation measures to reduce inter-generational conflict in the DDR process. Gender analysis including age specific considerations should also be conducted. For more information on DDR-related assessments, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Planning should also take into account different possible types of youth participation \u2013 from consultative participation to collaborative participation, to participation that is youth-led. In certain instances, for example CVR programmes and reintegration support, there may be space for youth to assume an active, leading role. In other instances, such as when a Comprehensive Peace Agreement is being negotiated, the UN should, at a minimum, ensure that youth representatives are consulted (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). More broadly, youth representatives (both civilians and members of armed forces or groups) shall be consulted in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of all DDR processes as key stakeholders, rather than presented with a DDR process in which they had no influence. Principles on how to involve youth in planning processes in a non-tokenistic way can be found in section 7.4 of MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons. No matter how youth are involved, safety of youth and do no harm principles should always be considered when engaging them on sensitive topics such as association with armed actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1021, "Sentence":"Gender analysis including age specific considerations should also be conducted.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR gender analysis including age specific consideration also conducted ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"For CAAFAG between the ages of 15 to 17, the situation analysis and minimum preparedness actions outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be undertaken. For youth between the ages of 18 and 24, who are members of armed forces or groups, planning should follow similar processes for that of adult combatants, integrating specific considerations for youth. Specific focus shall be given to the following:Assessments shall include data disaggregated by age and gender. For example, prior to a CVR programme, baseline assessments of local violence dynamics should explicitly unpack the threats and risks to the security of male and female youth (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the DDR process involves reintegration support, assessments of local market conditions should take into account the skills that youth acquired before and during their engagement in armed forces or groups (see section 7.5.5 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Weapons surveys for disarmament and\/or T-WAM activities should also include youth and youth organizations as sources of information, analyse the patterns of weapons possession among youth, map risk and protective factors in relation to youth, and identify youth-specific entry points for programming (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons). It is also important for intergenerational issues to be included in the conflict\/context assessments that are undertaken prior to a youth-focused DDR process. This will elucidate whether it is necessary to include reconciliation measures to reduce inter-generational conflict in the DDR process. Gender analysis including age specific considerations should also be conducted. For more information on DDR-related assessments, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Planning should also take into account different possible types of youth participation \u2013 from consultative participation to collaborative participation, to participation that is youth-led. In certain instances, for example CVR programmes and reintegration support, there may be space for youth to assume an active, leading role. In other instances, such as when a Comprehensive Peace Agreement is being negotiated, the UN should, at a minimum, ensure that youth representatives are consulted (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). More broadly, youth representatives (both civilians and members of armed forces or groups) shall be consulted in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of all DDR processes as key stakeholders, rather than presented with a DDR process in which they had no influence. Principles on how to involve youth in planning processes in a non-tokenistic way can be found in section 7.4 of MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons. No matter how youth are involved, safety of youth and do no harm principles should always be considered when engaging them on sensitive topics such as association with armed actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1021, "Sentence":"For more information on DDR-related assessments, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Planning should also take into account different possible types of youth participation \u2013 from consultative participation to collaborative participation, to participation that is youth-led.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR information ddrrelated assessment see iddrs 3.11 integrated assessments.planning also take account different possible type youth participation \u2013 consultative participation collaborative participation participation youthled ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"For CAAFAG between the ages of 15 to 17, the situation analysis and minimum preparedness actions outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be undertaken. For youth between the ages of 18 and 24, who are members of armed forces or groups, planning should follow similar processes for that of adult combatants, integrating specific considerations for youth. Specific focus shall be given to the following:Assessments shall include data disaggregated by age and gender. For example, prior to a CVR programme, baseline assessments of local violence dynamics should explicitly unpack the threats and risks to the security of male and female youth (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the DDR process involves reintegration support, assessments of local market conditions should take into account the skills that youth acquired before and during their engagement in armed forces or groups (see section 7.5.5 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Weapons surveys for disarmament and\/or T-WAM activities should also include youth and youth organizations as sources of information, analyse the patterns of weapons possession among youth, map risk and protective factors in relation to youth, and identify youth-specific entry points for programming (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons). It is also important for intergenerational issues to be included in the conflict\/context assessments that are undertaken prior to a youth-focused DDR process. This will elucidate whether it is necessary to include reconciliation measures to reduce inter-generational conflict in the DDR process. Gender analysis including age specific considerations should also be conducted. For more information on DDR-related assessments, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Planning should also take into account different possible types of youth participation \u2013 from consultative participation to collaborative participation, to participation that is youth-led. In certain instances, for example CVR programmes and reintegration support, there may be space for youth to assume an active, leading role. In other instances, such as when a Comprehensive Peace Agreement is being negotiated, the UN should, at a minimum, ensure that youth representatives are consulted (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). More broadly, youth representatives (both civilians and members of armed forces or groups) shall be consulted in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of all DDR processes as key stakeholders, rather than presented with a DDR process in which they had no influence. Principles on how to involve youth in planning processes in a non-tokenistic way can be found in section 7.4 of MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons. No matter how youth are involved, safety of youth and do no harm principles should always be considered when engaging them on sensitive topics such as association with armed actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1021, "Sentence":"In certain instances, for example CVR programmes and reintegration support, there may be space for youth to assume an active, leading role.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR certain instance example cvr programme reintegration support may space youth assume active leading role ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"For CAAFAG between the ages of 15 to 17, the situation analysis and minimum preparedness actions outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be undertaken. For youth between the ages of 18 and 24, who are members of armed forces or groups, planning should follow similar processes for that of adult combatants, integrating specific considerations for youth. Specific focus shall be given to the following:Assessments shall include data disaggregated by age and gender. For example, prior to a CVR programme, baseline assessments of local violence dynamics should explicitly unpack the threats and risks to the security of male and female youth (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the DDR process involves reintegration support, assessments of local market conditions should take into account the skills that youth acquired before and during their engagement in armed forces or groups (see section 7.5.5 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Weapons surveys for disarmament and\/or T-WAM activities should also include youth and youth organizations as sources of information, analyse the patterns of weapons possession among youth, map risk and protective factors in relation to youth, and identify youth-specific entry points for programming (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons). It is also important for intergenerational issues to be included in the conflict\/context assessments that are undertaken prior to a youth-focused DDR process. This will elucidate whether it is necessary to include reconciliation measures to reduce inter-generational conflict in the DDR process. Gender analysis including age specific considerations should also be conducted. For more information on DDR-related assessments, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Planning should also take into account different possible types of youth participation \u2013 from consultative participation to collaborative participation, to participation that is youth-led. In certain instances, for example CVR programmes and reintegration support, there may be space for youth to assume an active, leading role. In other instances, such as when a Comprehensive Peace Agreement is being negotiated, the UN should, at a minimum, ensure that youth representatives are consulted (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). More broadly, youth representatives (both civilians and members of armed forces or groups) shall be consulted in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of all DDR processes as key stakeholders, rather than presented with a DDR process in which they had no influence. Principles on how to involve youth in planning processes in a non-tokenistic way can be found in section 7.4 of MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons. No matter how youth are involved, safety of youth and do no harm principles should always be considered when engaging them on sensitive topics such as association with armed actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1021, "Sentence":"In other instances, such as when a Comprehensive Peace Agreement is being negotiated, the UN should, at a minimum, ensure that youth representatives are consulted (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR instance comprehensive peace agreement negotiated un minimum ensure youth representative consulted see iddrs 2.20 politics ddr ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"For CAAFAG between the ages of 15 to 17, the situation analysis and minimum preparedness actions outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be undertaken. For youth between the ages of 18 and 24, who are members of armed forces or groups, planning should follow similar processes for that of adult combatants, integrating specific considerations for youth. Specific focus shall be given to the following:Assessments shall include data disaggregated by age and gender. For example, prior to a CVR programme, baseline assessments of local violence dynamics should explicitly unpack the threats and risks to the security of male and female youth (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the DDR process involves reintegration support, assessments of local market conditions should take into account the skills that youth acquired before and during their engagement in armed forces or groups (see section 7.5.5 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Weapons surveys for disarmament and\/or T-WAM activities should also include youth and youth organizations as sources of information, analyse the patterns of weapons possession among youth, map risk and protective factors in relation to youth, and identify youth-specific entry points for programming (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons). It is also important for intergenerational issues to be included in the conflict\/context assessments that are undertaken prior to a youth-focused DDR process. This will elucidate whether it is necessary to include reconciliation measures to reduce inter-generational conflict in the DDR process. Gender analysis including age specific considerations should also be conducted. For more information on DDR-related assessments, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Planning should also take into account different possible types of youth participation \u2013 from consultative participation to collaborative participation, to participation that is youth-led. In certain instances, for example CVR programmes and reintegration support, there may be space for youth to assume an active, leading role. In other instances, such as when a Comprehensive Peace Agreement is being negotiated, the UN should, at a minimum, ensure that youth representatives are consulted (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). More broadly, youth representatives (both civilians and members of armed forces or groups) shall be consulted in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of all DDR processes as key stakeholders, rather than presented with a DDR process in which they had no influence. Principles on how to involve youth in planning processes in a non-tokenistic way can be found in section 7.4 of MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons. No matter how youth are involved, safety of youth and do no harm principles should always be considered when engaging them on sensitive topics such as association with armed actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1021, "Sentence":"More broadly, youth representatives (both civilians and members of armed forces or groups) shall be consulted in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of all DDR processes as key stakeholders, rather than presented with a DDR process in which they had no influence.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR broadly youth representative civilian member armed force group shall consulted planning design implementation monitoring evaluation ddr process key stakeholder rather presented ddr process influence ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"For CAAFAG between the ages of 15 to 17, the situation analysis and minimum preparedness actions outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be undertaken. For youth between the ages of 18 and 24, who are members of armed forces or groups, planning should follow similar processes for that of adult combatants, integrating specific considerations for youth. Specific focus shall be given to the following:Assessments shall include data disaggregated by age and gender. For example, prior to a CVR programme, baseline assessments of local violence dynamics should explicitly unpack the threats and risks to the security of male and female youth (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the DDR process involves reintegration support, assessments of local market conditions should take into account the skills that youth acquired before and during their engagement in armed forces or groups (see section 7.5.5 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Weapons surveys for disarmament and\/or T-WAM activities should also include youth and youth organizations as sources of information, analyse the patterns of weapons possession among youth, map risk and protective factors in relation to youth, and identify youth-specific entry points for programming (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons). It is also important for intergenerational issues to be included in the conflict\/context assessments that are undertaken prior to a youth-focused DDR process. This will elucidate whether it is necessary to include reconciliation measures to reduce inter-generational conflict in the DDR process. Gender analysis including age specific considerations should also be conducted. For more information on DDR-related assessments, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Planning should also take into account different possible types of youth participation \u2013 from consultative participation to collaborative participation, to participation that is youth-led. In certain instances, for example CVR programmes and reintegration support, there may be space for youth to assume an active, leading role. In other instances, such as when a Comprehensive Peace Agreement is being negotiated, the UN should, at a minimum, ensure that youth representatives are consulted (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). More broadly, youth representatives (both civilians and members of armed forces or groups) shall be consulted in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of all DDR processes as key stakeholders, rather than presented with a DDR process in which they had no influence. Principles on how to involve youth in planning processes in a non-tokenistic way can be found in section 7.4 of MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons. No matter how youth are involved, safety of youth and do no harm principles should always be considered when engaging them on sensitive topics such as association with armed actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1021, "Sentence":"Principles on how to involve youth in planning processes in a non-tokenistic way can be found in section 7.4 of MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR principle involve youth planning process nontokenistic way found section 7.4 mosaic 6.20 child adolescent youth small arm light weapon ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"For CAAFAG between the ages of 15 to 17, the situation analysis and minimum preparedness actions outlined in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be undertaken. For youth between the ages of 18 and 24, who are members of armed forces or groups, planning should follow similar processes for that of adult combatants, integrating specific considerations for youth. Specific focus shall be given to the following:Assessments shall include data disaggregated by age and gender. For example, prior to a CVR programme, baseline assessments of local violence dynamics should explicitly unpack the threats and risks to the security of male and female youth (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). If the DDR process involves reintegration support, assessments of local market conditions should take into account the skills that youth acquired before and during their engagement in armed forces or groups (see section 7.5.5 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). Weapons surveys for disarmament and\/or T-WAM activities should also include youth and youth organizations as sources of information, analyse the patterns of weapons possession among youth, map risk and protective factors in relation to youth, and identify youth-specific entry points for programming (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons). It is also important for intergenerational issues to be included in the conflict\/context assessments that are undertaken prior to a youth-focused DDR process. This will elucidate whether it is necessary to include reconciliation measures to reduce inter-generational conflict in the DDR process. Gender analysis including age specific considerations should also be conducted. For more information on DDR-related assessments, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Planning should also take into account different possible types of youth participation \u2013 from consultative participation to collaborative participation, to participation that is youth-led. In certain instances, for example CVR programmes and reintegration support, there may be space for youth to assume an active, leading role. In other instances, such as when a Comprehensive Peace Agreement is being negotiated, the UN should, at a minimum, ensure that youth representatives are consulted (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). More broadly, youth representatives (both civilians and members of armed forces or groups) shall be consulted in the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of all DDR processes as key stakeholders, rather than presented with a DDR process in which they had no influence. Principles on how to involve youth in planning processes in a non-tokenistic way can be found in section 7.4 of MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons. No matter how youth are involved, safety of youth and do no harm principles should always be considered when engaging them on sensitive topics such as association with armed actors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1021, "Sentence":"No matter how youth are involved, safety of youth and do no harm principles should always be considered when engaging them on sensitive topics such as association with armed actors.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR matter youth involved safety youth harm principle always considered engaging sensitive topic association armed actor ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for female ex-combatants, females formerly associated with armed forces or groups and female dependents shall be gender-responsive and gender-transformative. To ensure that DDR processes reflect the differing needs, capacities, and priorities of young women and girls, it is critical that gender analysis is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into in all stages of DDR (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments and IDDRS 5.10 Women, Gender and DDR for more information).Young women and girls are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including conflict related sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care should be planned for, and reproductive health services, and prophylactics against sexually transmitted infections (STI) should be included as essential items in any health care packages (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).With the exception of identified child dependents, young women and girls shall be kept separately from men during demobilization processes. Young women and girls (and their dependents) should be provided with gender-sensitive legal assistance, as well as support in securing civil documentation (i.e., personal ID, birth certificate, marriage certificate, death certificate, etc.), if and when relevant. An absence of such documentation can create significant barriers to reintegration, access to basic services such as health care and education, and in some cases can leave women and children at risk of statelessness.Young women and girls often face different challenges during the reintegration process, facing increased stigma, discrimination and rejection, which may be exacerbated by the presence of a child that was conceived during their association with the armed force or armed group. Based on gender analysis which considers the level of stigma and risk in communities of return, DDR practitioners should engage with communities, leveraging women\u2019s civil society organizations, to address and navigate the different cultural, political, protection and socioeconomic barriers faced by young women and girls (and their dependents) during reintegration.The inclusion of young women and girls in DDR processes is central to a gender- transformative approach, aimed at shifting social norms and addressing structural inequalities that lead young women and girls to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of young women and girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip young women and girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. Interventions should also engage men and boys to challenge gender inequities including through education and dialogue on gender norms, relations, violence and inequality, which can negatively impact women, men, children, families and societies. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to young women and girls and work to create space for their empowerment. This will require engaging both female and male leaders including community and religious leaders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1022, "Sentence":"DDR processes for female ex-combatants, females formerly associated with armed forces or groups and female dependents shall be gender-responsive and gender-transformative.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr process female excombatants female formerly associated armed force group female dependent shall genderresponsive gendertransformative ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for female ex-combatants, females formerly associated with armed forces or groups and female dependents shall be gender-responsive and gender-transformative. To ensure that DDR processes reflect the differing needs, capacities, and priorities of young women and girls, it is critical that gender analysis is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into in all stages of DDR (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments and IDDRS 5.10 Women, Gender and DDR for more information).Young women and girls are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including conflict related sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care should be planned for, and reproductive health services, and prophylactics against sexually transmitted infections (STI) should be included as essential items in any health care packages (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).With the exception of identified child dependents, young women and girls shall be kept separately from men during demobilization processes. Young women and girls (and their dependents) should be provided with gender-sensitive legal assistance, as well as support in securing civil documentation (i.e., personal ID, birth certificate, marriage certificate, death certificate, etc.), if and when relevant. An absence of such documentation can create significant barriers to reintegration, access to basic services such as health care and education, and in some cases can leave women and children at risk of statelessness.Young women and girls often face different challenges during the reintegration process, facing increased stigma, discrimination and rejection, which may be exacerbated by the presence of a child that was conceived during their association with the armed force or armed group. Based on gender analysis which considers the level of stigma and risk in communities of return, DDR practitioners should engage with communities, leveraging women\u2019s civil society organizations, to address and navigate the different cultural, political, protection and socioeconomic barriers faced by young women and girls (and their dependents) during reintegration.The inclusion of young women and girls in DDR processes is central to a gender- transformative approach, aimed at shifting social norms and addressing structural inequalities that lead young women and girls to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of young women and girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip young women and girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. Interventions should also engage men and boys to challenge gender inequities including through education and dialogue on gender norms, relations, violence and inequality, which can negatively impact women, men, children, families and societies. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to young women and girls and work to create space for their empowerment. This will require engaging both female and male leaders including community and religious leaders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1022, "Sentence":"To ensure that DDR processes reflect the differing needs, capacities, and priorities of young women and girls, it is critical that gender analysis is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into in all stages of DDR (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments and IDDRS 5.10 Women, Gender and DDR for more information).Young women and girls are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including conflict related sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ensure ddr process reflect differing need capacity priority young woman girl critical gender analysis key feature ddr assessment incorporated stage ddr see iddrs 3.11 integrated assessment iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr information.young woman girl often great risk genderbased violence including conflict related sexual violence hence may require range genderspecific service programme support recovery ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for female ex-combatants, females formerly associated with armed forces or groups and female dependents shall be gender-responsive and gender-transformative. To ensure that DDR processes reflect the differing needs, capacities, and priorities of young women and girls, it is critical that gender analysis is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into in all stages of DDR (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments and IDDRS 5.10 Women, Gender and DDR for more information).Young women and girls are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including conflict related sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care should be planned for, and reproductive health services, and prophylactics against sexually transmitted infections (STI) should be included as essential items in any health care packages (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).With the exception of identified child dependents, young women and girls shall be kept separately from men during demobilization processes. Young women and girls (and their dependents) should be provided with gender-sensitive legal assistance, as well as support in securing civil documentation (i.e., personal ID, birth certificate, marriage certificate, death certificate, etc.), if and when relevant. An absence of such documentation can create significant barriers to reintegration, access to basic services such as health care and education, and in some cases can leave women and children at risk of statelessness.Young women and girls often face different challenges during the reintegration process, facing increased stigma, discrimination and rejection, which may be exacerbated by the presence of a child that was conceived during their association with the armed force or armed group. Based on gender analysis which considers the level of stigma and risk in communities of return, DDR practitioners should engage with communities, leveraging women\u2019s civil society organizations, to address and navigate the different cultural, political, protection and socioeconomic barriers faced by young women and girls (and their dependents) during reintegration.The inclusion of young women and girls in DDR processes is central to a gender- transformative approach, aimed at shifting social norms and addressing structural inequalities that lead young women and girls to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of young women and girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip young women and girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. Interventions should also engage men and boys to challenge gender inequities including through education and dialogue on gender norms, relations, violence and inequality, which can negatively impact women, men, children, families and societies. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to young women and girls and work to create space for their empowerment. This will require engaging both female and male leaders including community and religious leaders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1022, "Sentence":"Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care should be planned for, and reproductive health services, and prophylactics against sexually transmitted infections (STI) should be included as essential items in any health care packages (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).With the exception of identified child dependents, young women and girls shall be kept separately from men during demobilization processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR woman \u2019 specific health need including gynaecological care planned reproductive health service prophylactic sexually transmitted infection sti included essential item health care package see iddrs 5.60 hiv\/aids ddr iddrs 5.70 health ddr.with exception identified child dependent young woman girl shall kept separately men demobilization process ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for female ex-combatants, females formerly associated with armed forces or groups and female dependents shall be gender-responsive and gender-transformative. To ensure that DDR processes reflect the differing needs, capacities, and priorities of young women and girls, it is critical that gender analysis is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into in all stages of DDR (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments and IDDRS 5.10 Women, Gender and DDR for more information).Young women and girls are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including conflict related sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care should be planned for, and reproductive health services, and prophylactics against sexually transmitted infections (STI) should be included as essential items in any health care packages (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).With the exception of identified child dependents, young women and girls shall be kept separately from men during demobilization processes. Young women and girls (and their dependents) should be provided with gender-sensitive legal assistance, as well as support in securing civil documentation (i.e., personal ID, birth certificate, marriage certificate, death certificate, etc.), if and when relevant. An absence of such documentation can create significant barriers to reintegration, access to basic services such as health care and education, and in some cases can leave women and children at risk of statelessness.Young women and girls often face different challenges during the reintegration process, facing increased stigma, discrimination and rejection, which may be exacerbated by the presence of a child that was conceived during their association with the armed force or armed group. Based on gender analysis which considers the level of stigma and risk in communities of return, DDR practitioners should engage with communities, leveraging women\u2019s civil society organizations, to address and navigate the different cultural, political, protection and socioeconomic barriers faced by young women and girls (and their dependents) during reintegration.The inclusion of young women and girls in DDR processes is central to a gender- transformative approach, aimed at shifting social norms and addressing structural inequalities that lead young women and girls to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of young women and girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip young women and girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. Interventions should also engage men and boys to challenge gender inequities including through education and dialogue on gender norms, relations, violence and inequality, which can negatively impact women, men, children, families and societies. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to young women and girls and work to create space for their empowerment. This will require engaging both female and male leaders including community and religious leaders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1022, "Sentence":"Young women and girls (and their dependents) should be provided with gender-sensitive legal assistance, as well as support in securing civil documentation (i.e., personal ID, birth certificate, marriage certificate, death certificate, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR young woman girl dependent provided gendersensitive legal assistance well support securing civil documentation i.e . personal id birth certificate marriage certificate death certificate etc ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for female ex-combatants, females formerly associated with armed forces or groups and female dependents shall be gender-responsive and gender-transformative. To ensure that DDR processes reflect the differing needs, capacities, and priorities of young women and girls, it is critical that gender analysis is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into in all stages of DDR (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments and IDDRS 5.10 Women, Gender and DDR for more information).Young women and girls are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including conflict related sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care should be planned for, and reproductive health services, and prophylactics against sexually transmitted infections (STI) should be included as essential items in any health care packages (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).With the exception of identified child dependents, young women and girls shall be kept separately from men during demobilization processes. Young women and girls (and their dependents) should be provided with gender-sensitive legal assistance, as well as support in securing civil documentation (i.e., personal ID, birth certificate, marriage certificate, death certificate, etc.), if and when relevant. An absence of such documentation can create significant barriers to reintegration, access to basic services such as health care and education, and in some cases can leave women and children at risk of statelessness.Young women and girls often face different challenges during the reintegration process, facing increased stigma, discrimination and rejection, which may be exacerbated by the presence of a child that was conceived during their association with the armed force or armed group. Based on gender analysis which considers the level of stigma and risk in communities of return, DDR practitioners should engage with communities, leveraging women\u2019s civil society organizations, to address and navigate the different cultural, political, protection and socioeconomic barriers faced by young women and girls (and their dependents) during reintegration.The inclusion of young women and girls in DDR processes is central to a gender- transformative approach, aimed at shifting social norms and addressing structural inequalities that lead young women and girls to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of young women and girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip young women and girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. Interventions should also engage men and boys to challenge gender inequities including through education and dialogue on gender norms, relations, violence and inequality, which can negatively impact women, men, children, families and societies. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to young women and girls and work to create space for their empowerment. This will require engaging both female and male leaders including community and religious leaders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1022, "Sentence":"), if and when relevant.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR relevant ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for female ex-combatants, females formerly associated with armed forces or groups and female dependents shall be gender-responsive and gender-transformative. To ensure that DDR processes reflect the differing needs, capacities, and priorities of young women and girls, it is critical that gender analysis is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into in all stages of DDR (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments and IDDRS 5.10 Women, Gender and DDR for more information).Young women and girls are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including conflict related sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care should be planned for, and reproductive health services, and prophylactics against sexually transmitted infections (STI) should be included as essential items in any health care packages (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).With the exception of identified child dependents, young women and girls shall be kept separately from men during demobilization processes. Young women and girls (and their dependents) should be provided with gender-sensitive legal assistance, as well as support in securing civil documentation (i.e., personal ID, birth certificate, marriage certificate, death certificate, etc.), if and when relevant. An absence of such documentation can create significant barriers to reintegration, access to basic services such as health care and education, and in some cases can leave women and children at risk of statelessness.Young women and girls often face different challenges during the reintegration process, facing increased stigma, discrimination and rejection, which may be exacerbated by the presence of a child that was conceived during their association with the armed force or armed group. Based on gender analysis which considers the level of stigma and risk in communities of return, DDR practitioners should engage with communities, leveraging women\u2019s civil society organizations, to address and navigate the different cultural, political, protection and socioeconomic barriers faced by young women and girls (and their dependents) during reintegration.The inclusion of young women and girls in DDR processes is central to a gender- transformative approach, aimed at shifting social norms and addressing structural inequalities that lead young women and girls to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of young women and girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip young women and girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. Interventions should also engage men and boys to challenge gender inequities including through education and dialogue on gender norms, relations, violence and inequality, which can negatively impact women, men, children, families and societies. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to young women and girls and work to create space for their empowerment. This will require engaging both female and male leaders including community and religious leaders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1022, "Sentence":"An absence of such documentation can create significant barriers to reintegration, access to basic services such as health care and education, and in some cases can leave women and children at risk of statelessness.Young women and girls often face different challenges during the reintegration process, facing increased stigma, discrimination and rejection, which may be exacerbated by the presence of a child that was conceived during their association with the armed force or armed group.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR absence documentation create significant barrier reintegration access basic service health care education case leave woman child risk statelessness.young woman girl often face different challenge reintegration process facing increased stigma discrimination rejection may exacerbated presence child conceived association armed force armed group ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for female ex-combatants, females formerly associated with armed forces or groups and female dependents shall be gender-responsive and gender-transformative. To ensure that DDR processes reflect the differing needs, capacities, and priorities of young women and girls, it is critical that gender analysis is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into in all stages of DDR (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments and IDDRS 5.10 Women, Gender and DDR for more information).Young women and girls are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including conflict related sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care should be planned for, and reproductive health services, and prophylactics against sexually transmitted infections (STI) should be included as essential items in any health care packages (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).With the exception of identified child dependents, young women and girls shall be kept separately from men during demobilization processes. Young women and girls (and their dependents) should be provided with gender-sensitive legal assistance, as well as support in securing civil documentation (i.e., personal ID, birth certificate, marriage certificate, death certificate, etc.), if and when relevant. An absence of such documentation can create significant barriers to reintegration, access to basic services such as health care and education, and in some cases can leave women and children at risk of statelessness.Young women and girls often face different challenges during the reintegration process, facing increased stigma, discrimination and rejection, which may be exacerbated by the presence of a child that was conceived during their association with the armed force or armed group. Based on gender analysis which considers the level of stigma and risk in communities of return, DDR practitioners should engage with communities, leveraging women\u2019s civil society organizations, to address and navigate the different cultural, political, protection and socioeconomic barriers faced by young women and girls (and their dependents) during reintegration.The inclusion of young women and girls in DDR processes is central to a gender- transformative approach, aimed at shifting social norms and addressing structural inequalities that lead young women and girls to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of young women and girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip young women and girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. Interventions should also engage men and boys to challenge gender inequities including through education and dialogue on gender norms, relations, violence and inequality, which can negatively impact women, men, children, families and societies. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to young women and girls and work to create space for their empowerment. This will require engaging both female and male leaders including community and religious leaders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1022, "Sentence":"Based on gender analysis which considers the level of stigma and risk in communities of return, DDR practitioners should engage with communities, leveraging women\u2019s civil society organizations, to address and navigate the different cultural, political, protection and socioeconomic barriers faced by young women and girls (and their dependents) during reintegration.The inclusion of young women and girls in DDR processes is central to a gender- transformative approach, aimed at shifting social norms and addressing structural inequalities that lead young women and girls to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR based gender analysis considers level stigma risk community return ddr practitioner engage community leveraging woman \u2019 civil society organization address navigate different cultural political protection socioeconomic barrier faced young woman girl dependent reintegration.the inclusion young woman girl ddr process central gender transformative approach aimed shifting social norm addressing structural inequality lead young woman girl engage armed conflict negatively affect reintegration ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for female ex-combatants, females formerly associated with armed forces or groups and female dependents shall be gender-responsive and gender-transformative. To ensure that DDR processes reflect the differing needs, capacities, and priorities of young women and girls, it is critical that gender analysis is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into in all stages of DDR (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments and IDDRS 5.10 Women, Gender and DDR for more information).Young women and girls are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including conflict related sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care should be planned for, and reproductive health services, and prophylactics against sexually transmitted infections (STI) should be included as essential items in any health care packages (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).With the exception of identified child dependents, young women and girls shall be kept separately from men during demobilization processes. Young women and girls (and their dependents) should be provided with gender-sensitive legal assistance, as well as support in securing civil documentation (i.e., personal ID, birth certificate, marriage certificate, death certificate, etc.), if and when relevant. An absence of such documentation can create significant barriers to reintegration, access to basic services such as health care and education, and in some cases can leave women and children at risk of statelessness.Young women and girls often face different challenges during the reintegration process, facing increased stigma, discrimination and rejection, which may be exacerbated by the presence of a child that was conceived during their association with the armed force or armed group. Based on gender analysis which considers the level of stigma and risk in communities of return, DDR practitioners should engage with communities, leveraging women\u2019s civil society organizations, to address and navigate the different cultural, political, protection and socioeconomic barriers faced by young women and girls (and their dependents) during reintegration.The inclusion of young women and girls in DDR processes is central to a gender- transformative approach, aimed at shifting social norms and addressing structural inequalities that lead young women and girls to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of young women and girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip young women and girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. Interventions should also engage men and boys to challenge gender inequities including through education and dialogue on gender norms, relations, violence and inequality, which can negatively impact women, men, children, families and societies. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to young women and girls and work to create space for their empowerment. This will require engaging both female and male leaders including community and religious leaders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1022, "Sentence":"Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of young women and girls.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR within ddr process gendertransformative approach shall focus following n agency intervention strengthen individual collective capacity knowledge skill attitude critical reflection asset action access service support reintegration young woman girl ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for female ex-combatants, females formerly associated with armed forces or groups and female dependents shall be gender-responsive and gender-transformative. To ensure that DDR processes reflect the differing needs, capacities, and priorities of young women and girls, it is critical that gender analysis is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into in all stages of DDR (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments and IDDRS 5.10 Women, Gender and DDR for more information).Young women and girls are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including conflict related sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care should be planned for, and reproductive health services, and prophylactics against sexually transmitted infections (STI) should be included as essential items in any health care packages (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).With the exception of identified child dependents, young women and girls shall be kept separately from men during demobilization processes. Young women and girls (and their dependents) should be provided with gender-sensitive legal assistance, as well as support in securing civil documentation (i.e., personal ID, birth certificate, marriage certificate, death certificate, etc.), if and when relevant. An absence of such documentation can create significant barriers to reintegration, access to basic services such as health care and education, and in some cases can leave women and children at risk of statelessness.Young women and girls often face different challenges during the reintegration process, facing increased stigma, discrimination and rejection, which may be exacerbated by the presence of a child that was conceived during their association with the armed force or armed group. Based on gender analysis which considers the level of stigma and risk in communities of return, DDR practitioners should engage with communities, leveraging women\u2019s civil society organizations, to address and navigate the different cultural, political, protection and socioeconomic barriers faced by young women and girls (and their dependents) during reintegration.The inclusion of young women and girls in DDR processes is central to a gender- transformative approach, aimed at shifting social norms and addressing structural inequalities that lead young women and girls to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of young women and girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip young women and girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. Interventions should also engage men and boys to challenge gender inequities including through education and dialogue on gender norms, relations, violence and inequality, which can negatively impact women, men, children, families and societies. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to young women and girls and work to create space for their empowerment. This will require engaging both female and male leaders including community and religious leaders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1022, "Sentence":"\\n Relations: Interventions should equip young women and girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n relation intervention equip young woman girl skill navigate expectation cooperative negotiation dynamic embedded within relationship people home market community group organization influence choice ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for female ex-combatants, females formerly associated with armed forces or groups and female dependents shall be gender-responsive and gender-transformative. To ensure that DDR processes reflect the differing needs, capacities, and priorities of young women and girls, it is critical that gender analysis is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into in all stages of DDR (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments and IDDRS 5.10 Women, Gender and DDR for more information).Young women and girls are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including conflict related sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care should be planned for, and reproductive health services, and prophylactics against sexually transmitted infections (STI) should be included as essential items in any health care packages (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).With the exception of identified child dependents, young women and girls shall be kept separately from men during demobilization processes. Young women and girls (and their dependents) should be provided with gender-sensitive legal assistance, as well as support in securing civil documentation (i.e., personal ID, birth certificate, marriage certificate, death certificate, etc.), if and when relevant. An absence of such documentation can create significant barriers to reintegration, access to basic services such as health care and education, and in some cases can leave women and children at risk of statelessness.Young women and girls often face different challenges during the reintegration process, facing increased stigma, discrimination and rejection, which may be exacerbated by the presence of a child that was conceived during their association with the armed force or armed group. Based on gender analysis which considers the level of stigma and risk in communities of return, DDR practitioners should engage with communities, leveraging women\u2019s civil society organizations, to address and navigate the different cultural, political, protection and socioeconomic barriers faced by young women and girls (and their dependents) during reintegration.The inclusion of young women and girls in DDR processes is central to a gender- transformative approach, aimed at shifting social norms and addressing structural inequalities that lead young women and girls to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of young women and girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip young women and girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. Interventions should also engage men and boys to challenge gender inequities including through education and dialogue on gender norms, relations, violence and inequality, which can negatively impact women, men, children, families and societies. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to young women and girls and work to create space for their empowerment. This will require engaging both female and male leaders including community and religious leaders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1022, "Sentence":"Interventions should also engage men and boys to challenge gender inequities including through education and dialogue on gender norms, relations, violence and inequality, which can negatively impact women, men, children, families and societies.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR intervention also engage men boy challenge gender inequity including education dialogue gender norm relation violence inequality negatively impact woman men child family society ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for female ex-combatants, females formerly associated with armed forces or groups and female dependents shall be gender-responsive and gender-transformative. To ensure that DDR processes reflect the differing needs, capacities, and priorities of young women and girls, it is critical that gender analysis is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into in all stages of DDR (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments and IDDRS 5.10 Women, Gender and DDR for more information).Young women and girls are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including conflict related sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care should be planned for, and reproductive health services, and prophylactics against sexually transmitted infections (STI) should be included as essential items in any health care packages (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).With the exception of identified child dependents, young women and girls shall be kept separately from men during demobilization processes. Young women and girls (and their dependents) should be provided with gender-sensitive legal assistance, as well as support in securing civil documentation (i.e., personal ID, birth certificate, marriage certificate, death certificate, etc.), if and when relevant. An absence of such documentation can create significant barriers to reintegration, access to basic services such as health care and education, and in some cases can leave women and children at risk of statelessness.Young women and girls often face different challenges during the reintegration process, facing increased stigma, discrimination and rejection, which may be exacerbated by the presence of a child that was conceived during their association with the armed force or armed group. Based on gender analysis which considers the level of stigma and risk in communities of return, DDR practitioners should engage with communities, leveraging women\u2019s civil society organizations, to address and navigate the different cultural, political, protection and socioeconomic barriers faced by young women and girls (and their dependents) during reintegration.The inclusion of young women and girls in DDR processes is central to a gender- transformative approach, aimed at shifting social norms and addressing structural inequalities that lead young women and girls to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of young women and girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip young women and girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. Interventions should also engage men and boys to challenge gender inequities including through education and dialogue on gender norms, relations, violence and inequality, which can negatively impact women, men, children, families and societies. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to young women and girls and work to create space for their empowerment. This will require engaging both female and male leaders including community and religious leaders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1022, "Sentence":"\\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to young women and girls and work to create space for their empowerment.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n structure intervention address informal formal institutional rule practice social norm status limit option available young woman girl work create space empowerment ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for youth-focused DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for female ex-combatants, females formerly associated with armed forces or groups and female dependents shall be gender-responsive and gender-transformative. To ensure that DDR processes reflect the differing needs, capacities, and priorities of young women and girls, it is critical that gender analysis is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into in all stages of DDR (see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments and IDDRS 5.10 Women, Gender and DDR for more information).Young women and girls are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including conflict related sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care should be planned for, and reproductive health services, and prophylactics against sexually transmitted infections (STI) should be included as essential items in any health care packages (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).With the exception of identified child dependents, young women and girls shall be kept separately from men during demobilization processes. Young women and girls (and their dependents) should be provided with gender-sensitive legal assistance, as well as support in securing civil documentation (i.e., personal ID, birth certificate, marriage certificate, death certificate, etc.), if and when relevant. An absence of such documentation can create significant barriers to reintegration, access to basic services such as health care and education, and in some cases can leave women and children at risk of statelessness.Young women and girls often face different challenges during the reintegration process, facing increased stigma, discrimination and rejection, which may be exacerbated by the presence of a child that was conceived during their association with the armed force or armed group. Based on gender analysis which considers the level of stigma and risk in communities of return, DDR practitioners should engage with communities, leveraging women\u2019s civil society organizations, to address and navigate the different cultural, political, protection and socioeconomic barriers faced by young women and girls (and their dependents) during reintegration.The inclusion of young women and girls in DDR processes is central to a gender- transformative approach, aimed at shifting social norms and addressing structural inequalities that lead young women and girls to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of young women and girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip young women and girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. Interventions should also engage men and boys to challenge gender inequities including through education and dialogue on gender norms, relations, violence and inequality, which can negatively impact women, men, children, families and societies. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to young women and girls and work to create space for their empowerment. This will require engaging both female and male leaders including community and religious leaders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1022, "Sentence":"This will require engaging both female and male leaders including community and religious leaders.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR require engaging female male leader including community religious leader ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of youth into armed forces and groups is essential for the development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies. Prevention efforts should start early and take place continuously throughout armed conflict. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.In recognition that youth are often recruited as children, and\/or face similar \u2018push\u2019 and \u2018pull\u2019 risk factors, DDR practitioners should analyse the structural, social, and individual-level risk factors outlined in section 8 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR when designing and implementing strategies to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners should also be aware that: \\n Youth participation in armed conflict is not always driven by negative motivations. Volunteerism into armed groups can be driven by a desire to change the social and political landscape in positive ways and to participate in something bigger than oneself. \\n Gender must be considered when considering reasons for youth engagement. Although an increasing number of young women and girls are involved in conflicts, particularly the longer conflicts continue, young men and boys are over-represented in armed forces and groups. This pattern is most often a result of societal gender expectations that value aggressive masculinity and peaceable femininity. While young women and girls often serve armed forces and groups in non- fighting roles and their contributions can be difficult to measure, their participation, reintegration and recovery is critical to peace building processes as marginalized women and girls remain at higher risk of (re)recruitment. Societal expectations may have implications for the roles of young women and men in conflict, as well as how they reintegrate following conflict (see IDDRS Module 5.10 Gender and DDR). It is important to understand the drivers for recruitment and re- recruitment, including the different challenges that male and female youth may experience.; \\n CVR and community-based reintegration programmes can be useful in preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth (see section 7.4 and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration); \\n Young people can play a crucial role in preventing the spread of rumours that may fuel recruitment and armed conflict, particularly through social media. Different youth networks and organizations may use their connections to fact-check rumours and then spread corrected information to their communities; \\n \u2018Safe spaces\u2019 that may take the form of youth centres or other contextually appropriate and gender sensitive form are recommended to be created as a place for young people to interact with each other. Centres that allow youth to meet off the streets and experience non-violent excitement and social connection can provide alternatives to joining armed forces or groups, offer marginalized youth a space where they feel included, and provide spaces to educate youth about the realities of life in armed groups. These centres can also help with training and employment efforts by, for example, organizing job information fairs and providing referrals to employment services and counselling. Informal youth drop-in centres may also attract young former combatants who are vulnerable to re-recruitment, and who did not go through DDR because of fear or misinformation, or because they managed to escape and are looking for help by themselves. Well-trained mentors who act as role models should manage these centres; \\\u203a Interaction between different youth organizations, networks and movements as well as youth centres, platforms and councils or others similar entitiescan provide opportunities to build trust between members of different communities. DDR practitioners should support programmes that encourage young people to initiate spaces that form bridges across conflict lines at community and state levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1023, "Sentence":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of youth into armed forces and groups is essential for the development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR understanding recruitment pathway youth armed force group essential development effective rerecruitment prevention strategy ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of youth into armed forces and groups is essential for the development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies. Prevention efforts should start early and take place continuously throughout armed conflict. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.In recognition that youth are often recruited as children, and\/or face similar \u2018push\u2019 and \u2018pull\u2019 risk factors, DDR practitioners should analyse the structural, social, and individual-level risk factors outlined in section 8 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR when designing and implementing strategies to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners should also be aware that: \\n Youth participation in armed conflict is not always driven by negative motivations. Volunteerism into armed groups can be driven by a desire to change the social and political landscape in positive ways and to participate in something bigger than oneself. \\n Gender must be considered when considering reasons for youth engagement. Although an increasing number of young women and girls are involved in conflicts, particularly the longer conflicts continue, young men and boys are over-represented in armed forces and groups. This pattern is most often a result of societal gender expectations that value aggressive masculinity and peaceable femininity. While young women and girls often serve armed forces and groups in non- fighting roles and their contributions can be difficult to measure, their participation, reintegration and recovery is critical to peace building processes as marginalized women and girls remain at higher risk of (re)recruitment. Societal expectations may have implications for the roles of young women and men in conflict, as well as how they reintegrate following conflict (see IDDRS Module 5.10 Gender and DDR). It is important to understand the drivers for recruitment and re- recruitment, including the different challenges that male and female youth may experience.; \\n CVR and community-based reintegration programmes can be useful in preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth (see section 7.4 and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration); \\n Young people can play a crucial role in preventing the spread of rumours that may fuel recruitment and armed conflict, particularly through social media. Different youth networks and organizations may use their connections to fact-check rumours and then spread corrected information to their communities; \\n \u2018Safe spaces\u2019 that may take the form of youth centres or other contextually appropriate and gender sensitive form are recommended to be created as a place for young people to interact with each other. Centres that allow youth to meet off the streets and experience non-violent excitement and social connection can provide alternatives to joining armed forces or groups, offer marginalized youth a space where they feel included, and provide spaces to educate youth about the realities of life in armed groups. These centres can also help with training and employment efforts by, for example, organizing job information fairs and providing referrals to employment services and counselling. Informal youth drop-in centres may also attract young former combatants who are vulnerable to re-recruitment, and who did not go through DDR because of fear or misinformation, or because they managed to escape and are looking for help by themselves. Well-trained mentors who act as role models should manage these centres; \\\u203a Interaction between different youth organizations, networks and movements as well as youth centres, platforms and councils or others similar entitiescan provide opportunities to build trust between members of different communities. DDR practitioners should support programmes that encourage young people to initiate spaces that form bridges across conflict lines at community and state levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1023, "Sentence":"Prevention efforts should start early and take place continuously throughout armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR prevention effort start early take place continuously throughout armed conflict ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of youth into armed forces and groups is essential for the development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies. Prevention efforts should start early and take place continuously throughout armed conflict. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.In recognition that youth are often recruited as children, and\/or face similar \u2018push\u2019 and \u2018pull\u2019 risk factors, DDR practitioners should analyse the structural, social, and individual-level risk factors outlined in section 8 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR when designing and implementing strategies to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners should also be aware that: \\n Youth participation in armed conflict is not always driven by negative motivations. Volunteerism into armed groups can be driven by a desire to change the social and political landscape in positive ways and to participate in something bigger than oneself. \\n Gender must be considered when considering reasons for youth engagement. Although an increasing number of young women and girls are involved in conflicts, particularly the longer conflicts continue, young men and boys are over-represented in armed forces and groups. This pattern is most often a result of societal gender expectations that value aggressive masculinity and peaceable femininity. While young women and girls often serve armed forces and groups in non- fighting roles and their contributions can be difficult to measure, their participation, reintegration and recovery is critical to peace building processes as marginalized women and girls remain at higher risk of (re)recruitment. Societal expectations may have implications for the roles of young women and men in conflict, as well as how they reintegrate following conflict (see IDDRS Module 5.10 Gender and DDR). It is important to understand the drivers for recruitment and re- recruitment, including the different challenges that male and female youth may experience.; \\n CVR and community-based reintegration programmes can be useful in preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth (see section 7.4 and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration); \\n Young people can play a crucial role in preventing the spread of rumours that may fuel recruitment and armed conflict, particularly through social media. Different youth networks and organizations may use their connections to fact-check rumours and then spread corrected information to their communities; \\n \u2018Safe spaces\u2019 that may take the form of youth centres or other contextually appropriate and gender sensitive form are recommended to be created as a place for young people to interact with each other. Centres that allow youth to meet off the streets and experience non-violent excitement and social connection can provide alternatives to joining armed forces or groups, offer marginalized youth a space where they feel included, and provide spaces to educate youth about the realities of life in armed groups. These centres can also help with training and employment efforts by, for example, organizing job information fairs and providing referrals to employment services and counselling. Informal youth drop-in centres may also attract young former combatants who are vulnerable to re-recruitment, and who did not go through DDR because of fear or misinformation, or because they managed to escape and are looking for help by themselves. Well-trained mentors who act as role models should manage these centres; \\\u203a Interaction between different youth organizations, networks and movements as well as youth centres, platforms and councils or others similar entitiescan provide opportunities to build trust between members of different communities. DDR practitioners should support programmes that encourage young people to initiate spaces that form bridges across conflict lines at community and state levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1023, "Sentence":"Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.In recognition that youth are often recruited as children, and\/or face similar \u2018push\u2019 and \u2018pull\u2019 risk factors, DDR practitioners should analyse the structural, social, and individual-level risk factors outlined in section 8 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR when designing and implementing strategies to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR prevention effort based analysis dynamic recruitment underlying cause include advocacy strategy directed level governance formal informal.in recognition youth often recruited child and\/or face similar \u2018 push \u2019 \u2018 pull \u2019 risk factor ddr practitioner analyse structural social individuallevel risk factor outlined section 8 iddrs 5.20 child ddr designing implementing strategy prevent rerecruitment youth ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of youth into armed forces and groups is essential for the development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies. Prevention efforts should start early and take place continuously throughout armed conflict. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.In recognition that youth are often recruited as children, and\/or face similar \u2018push\u2019 and \u2018pull\u2019 risk factors, DDR practitioners should analyse the structural, social, and individual-level risk factors outlined in section 8 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR when designing and implementing strategies to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners should also be aware that: \\n Youth participation in armed conflict is not always driven by negative motivations. Volunteerism into armed groups can be driven by a desire to change the social and political landscape in positive ways and to participate in something bigger than oneself. \\n Gender must be considered when considering reasons for youth engagement. Although an increasing number of young women and girls are involved in conflicts, particularly the longer conflicts continue, young men and boys are over-represented in armed forces and groups. This pattern is most often a result of societal gender expectations that value aggressive masculinity and peaceable femininity. While young women and girls often serve armed forces and groups in non- fighting roles and their contributions can be difficult to measure, their participation, reintegration and recovery is critical to peace building processes as marginalized women and girls remain at higher risk of (re)recruitment. Societal expectations may have implications for the roles of young women and men in conflict, as well as how they reintegrate following conflict (see IDDRS Module 5.10 Gender and DDR). It is important to understand the drivers for recruitment and re- recruitment, including the different challenges that male and female youth may experience.; \\n CVR and community-based reintegration programmes can be useful in preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth (see section 7.4 and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration); \\n Young people can play a crucial role in preventing the spread of rumours that may fuel recruitment and armed conflict, particularly through social media. Different youth networks and organizations may use their connections to fact-check rumours and then spread corrected information to their communities; \\n \u2018Safe spaces\u2019 that may take the form of youth centres or other contextually appropriate and gender sensitive form are recommended to be created as a place for young people to interact with each other. Centres that allow youth to meet off the streets and experience non-violent excitement and social connection can provide alternatives to joining armed forces or groups, offer marginalized youth a space where they feel included, and provide spaces to educate youth about the realities of life in armed groups. These centres can also help with training and employment efforts by, for example, organizing job information fairs and providing referrals to employment services and counselling. Informal youth drop-in centres may also attract young former combatants who are vulnerable to re-recruitment, and who did not go through DDR because of fear or misinformation, or because they managed to escape and are looking for help by themselves. Well-trained mentors who act as role models should manage these centres; \\\u203a Interaction between different youth organizations, networks and movements as well as youth centres, platforms and councils or others similar entitiescan provide opportunities to build trust between members of different communities. DDR practitioners should support programmes that encourage young people to initiate spaces that form bridges across conflict lines at community and state levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1023, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should also be aware that: \\n Youth participation in armed conflict is not always driven by negative motivations.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr practitioner also aware n youth participation armed conflict always driven negative motivation ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of youth into armed forces and groups is essential for the development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies. Prevention efforts should start early and take place continuously throughout armed conflict. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.In recognition that youth are often recruited as children, and\/or face similar \u2018push\u2019 and \u2018pull\u2019 risk factors, DDR practitioners should analyse the structural, social, and individual-level risk factors outlined in section 8 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR when designing and implementing strategies to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners should also be aware that: \\n Youth participation in armed conflict is not always driven by negative motivations. Volunteerism into armed groups can be driven by a desire to change the social and political landscape in positive ways and to participate in something bigger than oneself. \\n Gender must be considered when considering reasons for youth engagement. Although an increasing number of young women and girls are involved in conflicts, particularly the longer conflicts continue, young men and boys are over-represented in armed forces and groups. This pattern is most often a result of societal gender expectations that value aggressive masculinity and peaceable femininity. While young women and girls often serve armed forces and groups in non- fighting roles and their contributions can be difficult to measure, their participation, reintegration and recovery is critical to peace building processes as marginalized women and girls remain at higher risk of (re)recruitment. Societal expectations may have implications for the roles of young women and men in conflict, as well as how they reintegrate following conflict (see IDDRS Module 5.10 Gender and DDR). It is important to understand the drivers for recruitment and re- recruitment, including the different challenges that male and female youth may experience.; \\n CVR and community-based reintegration programmes can be useful in preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth (see section 7.4 and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration); \\n Young people can play a crucial role in preventing the spread of rumours that may fuel recruitment and armed conflict, particularly through social media. Different youth networks and organizations may use their connections to fact-check rumours and then spread corrected information to their communities; \\n \u2018Safe spaces\u2019 that may take the form of youth centres or other contextually appropriate and gender sensitive form are recommended to be created as a place for young people to interact with each other. Centres that allow youth to meet off the streets and experience non-violent excitement and social connection can provide alternatives to joining armed forces or groups, offer marginalized youth a space where they feel included, and provide spaces to educate youth about the realities of life in armed groups. These centres can also help with training and employment efforts by, for example, organizing job information fairs and providing referrals to employment services and counselling. Informal youth drop-in centres may also attract young former combatants who are vulnerable to re-recruitment, and who did not go through DDR because of fear or misinformation, or because they managed to escape and are looking for help by themselves. Well-trained mentors who act as role models should manage these centres; \\\u203a Interaction between different youth organizations, networks and movements as well as youth centres, platforms and councils or others similar entitiescan provide opportunities to build trust between members of different communities. DDR practitioners should support programmes that encourage young people to initiate spaces that form bridges across conflict lines at community and state levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1023, "Sentence":"Volunteerism into armed groups can be driven by a desire to change the social and political landscape in positive ways and to participate in something bigger than oneself.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR volunteerism armed group driven desire change social political landscape positive way participate something bigger oneself ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of youth into armed forces and groups is essential for the development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies. Prevention efforts should start early and take place continuously throughout armed conflict. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.In recognition that youth are often recruited as children, and\/or face similar \u2018push\u2019 and \u2018pull\u2019 risk factors, DDR practitioners should analyse the structural, social, and individual-level risk factors outlined in section 8 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR when designing and implementing strategies to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners should also be aware that: \\n Youth participation in armed conflict is not always driven by negative motivations. Volunteerism into armed groups can be driven by a desire to change the social and political landscape in positive ways and to participate in something bigger than oneself. \\n Gender must be considered when considering reasons for youth engagement. Although an increasing number of young women and girls are involved in conflicts, particularly the longer conflicts continue, young men and boys are over-represented in armed forces and groups. This pattern is most often a result of societal gender expectations that value aggressive masculinity and peaceable femininity. While young women and girls often serve armed forces and groups in non- fighting roles and their contributions can be difficult to measure, their participation, reintegration and recovery is critical to peace building processes as marginalized women and girls remain at higher risk of (re)recruitment. Societal expectations may have implications for the roles of young women and men in conflict, as well as how they reintegrate following conflict (see IDDRS Module 5.10 Gender and DDR). It is important to understand the drivers for recruitment and re- recruitment, including the different challenges that male and female youth may experience.; \\n CVR and community-based reintegration programmes can be useful in preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth (see section 7.4 and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration); \\n Young people can play a crucial role in preventing the spread of rumours that may fuel recruitment and armed conflict, particularly through social media. Different youth networks and organizations may use their connections to fact-check rumours and then spread corrected information to their communities; \\n \u2018Safe spaces\u2019 that may take the form of youth centres or other contextually appropriate and gender sensitive form are recommended to be created as a place for young people to interact with each other. Centres that allow youth to meet off the streets and experience non-violent excitement and social connection can provide alternatives to joining armed forces or groups, offer marginalized youth a space where they feel included, and provide spaces to educate youth about the realities of life in armed groups. These centres can also help with training and employment efforts by, for example, organizing job information fairs and providing referrals to employment services and counselling. Informal youth drop-in centres may also attract young former combatants who are vulnerable to re-recruitment, and who did not go through DDR because of fear or misinformation, or because they managed to escape and are looking for help by themselves. Well-trained mentors who act as role models should manage these centres; \\\u203a Interaction between different youth organizations, networks and movements as well as youth centres, platforms and councils or others similar entitiescan provide opportunities to build trust between members of different communities. DDR practitioners should support programmes that encourage young people to initiate spaces that form bridges across conflict lines at community and state levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1023, "Sentence":"\\n Gender must be considered when considering reasons for youth engagement.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n gender must considered considering reason youth engagement ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of youth into armed forces and groups is essential for the development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies. Prevention efforts should start early and take place continuously throughout armed conflict. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.In recognition that youth are often recruited as children, and\/or face similar \u2018push\u2019 and \u2018pull\u2019 risk factors, DDR practitioners should analyse the structural, social, and individual-level risk factors outlined in section 8 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR when designing and implementing strategies to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners should also be aware that: \\n Youth participation in armed conflict is not always driven by negative motivations. Volunteerism into armed groups can be driven by a desire to change the social and political landscape in positive ways and to participate in something bigger than oneself. \\n Gender must be considered when considering reasons for youth engagement. Although an increasing number of young women and girls are involved in conflicts, particularly the longer conflicts continue, young men and boys are over-represented in armed forces and groups. This pattern is most often a result of societal gender expectations that value aggressive masculinity and peaceable femininity. While young women and girls often serve armed forces and groups in non- fighting roles and their contributions can be difficult to measure, their participation, reintegration and recovery is critical to peace building processes as marginalized women and girls remain at higher risk of (re)recruitment. Societal expectations may have implications for the roles of young women and men in conflict, as well as how they reintegrate following conflict (see IDDRS Module 5.10 Gender and DDR). It is important to understand the drivers for recruitment and re- recruitment, including the different challenges that male and female youth may experience.; \\n CVR and community-based reintegration programmes can be useful in preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth (see section 7.4 and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration); \\n Young people can play a crucial role in preventing the spread of rumours that may fuel recruitment and armed conflict, particularly through social media. Different youth networks and organizations may use their connections to fact-check rumours and then spread corrected information to their communities; \\n \u2018Safe spaces\u2019 that may take the form of youth centres or other contextually appropriate and gender sensitive form are recommended to be created as a place for young people to interact with each other. Centres that allow youth to meet off the streets and experience non-violent excitement and social connection can provide alternatives to joining armed forces or groups, offer marginalized youth a space where they feel included, and provide spaces to educate youth about the realities of life in armed groups. These centres can also help with training and employment efforts by, for example, organizing job information fairs and providing referrals to employment services and counselling. Informal youth drop-in centres may also attract young former combatants who are vulnerable to re-recruitment, and who did not go through DDR because of fear or misinformation, or because they managed to escape and are looking for help by themselves. Well-trained mentors who act as role models should manage these centres; \\\u203a Interaction between different youth organizations, networks and movements as well as youth centres, platforms and councils or others similar entitiescan provide opportunities to build trust between members of different communities. DDR practitioners should support programmes that encourage young people to initiate spaces that form bridges across conflict lines at community and state levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1023, "Sentence":"Although an increasing number of young women and girls are involved in conflicts, particularly the longer conflicts continue, young men and boys are over-represented in armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR although increasing number young woman girl involved conflict particularly longer conflict continue young men boy overrepresented armed force group ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of youth into armed forces and groups is essential for the development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies. Prevention efforts should start early and take place continuously throughout armed conflict. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.In recognition that youth are often recruited as children, and\/or face similar \u2018push\u2019 and \u2018pull\u2019 risk factors, DDR practitioners should analyse the structural, social, and individual-level risk factors outlined in section 8 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR when designing and implementing strategies to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners should also be aware that: \\n Youth participation in armed conflict is not always driven by negative motivations. Volunteerism into armed groups can be driven by a desire to change the social and political landscape in positive ways and to participate in something bigger than oneself. \\n Gender must be considered when considering reasons for youth engagement. Although an increasing number of young women and girls are involved in conflicts, particularly the longer conflicts continue, young men and boys are over-represented in armed forces and groups. This pattern is most often a result of societal gender expectations that value aggressive masculinity and peaceable femininity. While young women and girls often serve armed forces and groups in non- fighting roles and their contributions can be difficult to measure, their participation, reintegration and recovery is critical to peace building processes as marginalized women and girls remain at higher risk of (re)recruitment. Societal expectations may have implications for the roles of young women and men in conflict, as well as how they reintegrate following conflict (see IDDRS Module 5.10 Gender and DDR). It is important to understand the drivers for recruitment and re- recruitment, including the different challenges that male and female youth may experience.; \\n CVR and community-based reintegration programmes can be useful in preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth (see section 7.4 and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration); \\n Young people can play a crucial role in preventing the spread of rumours that may fuel recruitment and armed conflict, particularly through social media. Different youth networks and organizations may use their connections to fact-check rumours and then spread corrected information to their communities; \\n \u2018Safe spaces\u2019 that may take the form of youth centres or other contextually appropriate and gender sensitive form are recommended to be created as a place for young people to interact with each other. Centres that allow youth to meet off the streets and experience non-violent excitement and social connection can provide alternatives to joining armed forces or groups, offer marginalized youth a space where they feel included, and provide spaces to educate youth about the realities of life in armed groups. These centres can also help with training and employment efforts by, for example, organizing job information fairs and providing referrals to employment services and counselling. Informal youth drop-in centres may also attract young former combatants who are vulnerable to re-recruitment, and who did not go through DDR because of fear or misinformation, or because they managed to escape and are looking for help by themselves. Well-trained mentors who act as role models should manage these centres; \\\u203a Interaction between different youth organizations, networks and movements as well as youth centres, platforms and councils or others similar entitiescan provide opportunities to build trust between members of different communities. DDR practitioners should support programmes that encourage young people to initiate spaces that form bridges across conflict lines at community and state levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1023, "Sentence":"This pattern is most often a result of societal gender expectations that value aggressive masculinity and peaceable femininity.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR pattern often result societal gender expectation value aggressive masculinity peaceable femininity ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of youth into armed forces and groups is essential for the development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies. Prevention efforts should start early and take place continuously throughout armed conflict. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.In recognition that youth are often recruited as children, and\/or face similar \u2018push\u2019 and \u2018pull\u2019 risk factors, DDR practitioners should analyse the structural, social, and individual-level risk factors outlined in section 8 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR when designing and implementing strategies to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners should also be aware that: \\n Youth participation in armed conflict is not always driven by negative motivations. Volunteerism into armed groups can be driven by a desire to change the social and political landscape in positive ways and to participate in something bigger than oneself. \\n Gender must be considered when considering reasons for youth engagement. Although an increasing number of young women and girls are involved in conflicts, particularly the longer conflicts continue, young men and boys are over-represented in armed forces and groups. This pattern is most often a result of societal gender expectations that value aggressive masculinity and peaceable femininity. While young women and girls often serve armed forces and groups in non- fighting roles and their contributions can be difficult to measure, their participation, reintegration and recovery is critical to peace building processes as marginalized women and girls remain at higher risk of (re)recruitment. Societal expectations may have implications for the roles of young women and men in conflict, as well as how they reintegrate following conflict (see IDDRS Module 5.10 Gender and DDR). It is important to understand the drivers for recruitment and re- recruitment, including the different challenges that male and female youth may experience.; \\n CVR and community-based reintegration programmes can be useful in preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth (see section 7.4 and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration); \\n Young people can play a crucial role in preventing the spread of rumours that may fuel recruitment and armed conflict, particularly through social media. Different youth networks and organizations may use their connections to fact-check rumours and then spread corrected information to their communities; \\n \u2018Safe spaces\u2019 that may take the form of youth centres or other contextually appropriate and gender sensitive form are recommended to be created as a place for young people to interact with each other. Centres that allow youth to meet off the streets and experience non-violent excitement and social connection can provide alternatives to joining armed forces or groups, offer marginalized youth a space where they feel included, and provide spaces to educate youth about the realities of life in armed groups. These centres can also help with training and employment efforts by, for example, organizing job information fairs and providing referrals to employment services and counselling. Informal youth drop-in centres may also attract young former combatants who are vulnerable to re-recruitment, and who did not go through DDR because of fear or misinformation, or because they managed to escape and are looking for help by themselves. Well-trained mentors who act as role models should manage these centres; \\\u203a Interaction between different youth organizations, networks and movements as well as youth centres, platforms and councils or others similar entitiescan provide opportunities to build trust between members of different communities. DDR practitioners should support programmes that encourage young people to initiate spaces that form bridges across conflict lines at community and state levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1023, "Sentence":"While young women and girls often serve armed forces and groups in non- fighting roles and their contributions can be difficult to measure, their participation, reintegration and recovery is critical to peace building processes as marginalized women and girls remain at higher risk of (re)recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR young woman girl often serve armed force group non fighting role contribution difficult measure participation reintegration recovery critical peace building process marginalized woman girl remain higher risk rerecruitment ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of youth into armed forces and groups is essential for the development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies. Prevention efforts should start early and take place continuously throughout armed conflict. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.In recognition that youth are often recruited as children, and\/or face similar \u2018push\u2019 and \u2018pull\u2019 risk factors, DDR practitioners should analyse the structural, social, and individual-level risk factors outlined in section 8 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR when designing and implementing strategies to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners should also be aware that: \\n Youth participation in armed conflict is not always driven by negative motivations. Volunteerism into armed groups can be driven by a desire to change the social and political landscape in positive ways and to participate in something bigger than oneself. \\n Gender must be considered when considering reasons for youth engagement. Although an increasing number of young women and girls are involved in conflicts, particularly the longer conflicts continue, young men and boys are over-represented in armed forces and groups. This pattern is most often a result of societal gender expectations that value aggressive masculinity and peaceable femininity. While young women and girls often serve armed forces and groups in non- fighting roles and their contributions can be difficult to measure, their participation, reintegration and recovery is critical to peace building processes as marginalized women and girls remain at higher risk of (re)recruitment. Societal expectations may have implications for the roles of young women and men in conflict, as well as how they reintegrate following conflict (see IDDRS Module 5.10 Gender and DDR). It is important to understand the drivers for recruitment and re- recruitment, including the different challenges that male and female youth may experience.; \\n CVR and community-based reintegration programmes can be useful in preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth (see section 7.4 and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration); \\n Young people can play a crucial role in preventing the spread of rumours that may fuel recruitment and armed conflict, particularly through social media. Different youth networks and organizations may use their connections to fact-check rumours and then spread corrected information to their communities; \\n \u2018Safe spaces\u2019 that may take the form of youth centres or other contextually appropriate and gender sensitive form are recommended to be created as a place for young people to interact with each other. Centres that allow youth to meet off the streets and experience non-violent excitement and social connection can provide alternatives to joining armed forces or groups, offer marginalized youth a space where they feel included, and provide spaces to educate youth about the realities of life in armed groups. These centres can also help with training and employment efforts by, for example, organizing job information fairs and providing referrals to employment services and counselling. Informal youth drop-in centres may also attract young former combatants who are vulnerable to re-recruitment, and who did not go through DDR because of fear or misinformation, or because they managed to escape and are looking for help by themselves. Well-trained mentors who act as role models should manage these centres; \\\u203a Interaction between different youth organizations, networks and movements as well as youth centres, platforms and councils or others similar entitiescan provide opportunities to build trust between members of different communities. DDR practitioners should support programmes that encourage young people to initiate spaces that form bridges across conflict lines at community and state levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1023, "Sentence":"Societal expectations may have implications for the roles of young women and men in conflict, as well as how they reintegrate following conflict (see IDDRS Module 5.10 Gender and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR societal expectation may implication role young woman men conflict well reintegrate following conflict see iddrs module 5.10 gender ddr ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of youth into armed forces and groups is essential for the development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies. Prevention efforts should start early and take place continuously throughout armed conflict. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.In recognition that youth are often recruited as children, and\/or face similar \u2018push\u2019 and \u2018pull\u2019 risk factors, DDR practitioners should analyse the structural, social, and individual-level risk factors outlined in section 8 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR when designing and implementing strategies to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners should also be aware that: \\n Youth participation in armed conflict is not always driven by negative motivations. Volunteerism into armed groups can be driven by a desire to change the social and political landscape in positive ways and to participate in something bigger than oneself. \\n Gender must be considered when considering reasons for youth engagement. Although an increasing number of young women and girls are involved in conflicts, particularly the longer conflicts continue, young men and boys are over-represented in armed forces and groups. This pattern is most often a result of societal gender expectations that value aggressive masculinity and peaceable femininity. While young women and girls often serve armed forces and groups in non- fighting roles and their contributions can be difficult to measure, their participation, reintegration and recovery is critical to peace building processes as marginalized women and girls remain at higher risk of (re)recruitment. Societal expectations may have implications for the roles of young women and men in conflict, as well as how they reintegrate following conflict (see IDDRS Module 5.10 Gender and DDR). It is important to understand the drivers for recruitment and re- recruitment, including the different challenges that male and female youth may experience.; \\n CVR and community-based reintegration programmes can be useful in preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth (see section 7.4 and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration); \\n Young people can play a crucial role in preventing the spread of rumours that may fuel recruitment and armed conflict, particularly through social media. Different youth networks and organizations may use their connections to fact-check rumours and then spread corrected information to their communities; \\n \u2018Safe spaces\u2019 that may take the form of youth centres or other contextually appropriate and gender sensitive form are recommended to be created as a place for young people to interact with each other. Centres that allow youth to meet off the streets and experience non-violent excitement and social connection can provide alternatives to joining armed forces or groups, offer marginalized youth a space where they feel included, and provide spaces to educate youth about the realities of life in armed groups. These centres can also help with training and employment efforts by, for example, organizing job information fairs and providing referrals to employment services and counselling. Informal youth drop-in centres may also attract young former combatants who are vulnerable to re-recruitment, and who did not go through DDR because of fear or misinformation, or because they managed to escape and are looking for help by themselves. Well-trained mentors who act as role models should manage these centres; \\\u203a Interaction between different youth organizations, networks and movements as well as youth centres, platforms and councils or others similar entitiescan provide opportunities to build trust between members of different communities. DDR practitioners should support programmes that encourage young people to initiate spaces that form bridges across conflict lines at community and state levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1023, "Sentence":"It is important to understand the drivers for recruitment and re- recruitment, including the different challenges that male and female youth may experience.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR important understand driver recruitment recruitment including different challenge male female youth may experience ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of youth into armed forces and groups is essential for the development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies. Prevention efforts should start early and take place continuously throughout armed conflict. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.In recognition that youth are often recruited as children, and\/or face similar \u2018push\u2019 and \u2018pull\u2019 risk factors, DDR practitioners should analyse the structural, social, and individual-level risk factors outlined in section 8 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR when designing and implementing strategies to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners should also be aware that: \\n Youth participation in armed conflict is not always driven by negative motivations. Volunteerism into armed groups can be driven by a desire to change the social and political landscape in positive ways and to participate in something bigger than oneself. \\n Gender must be considered when considering reasons for youth engagement. Although an increasing number of young women and girls are involved in conflicts, particularly the longer conflicts continue, young men and boys are over-represented in armed forces and groups. This pattern is most often a result of societal gender expectations that value aggressive masculinity and peaceable femininity. While young women and girls often serve armed forces and groups in non- fighting roles and their contributions can be difficult to measure, their participation, reintegration and recovery is critical to peace building processes as marginalized women and girls remain at higher risk of (re)recruitment. Societal expectations may have implications for the roles of young women and men in conflict, as well as how they reintegrate following conflict (see IDDRS Module 5.10 Gender and DDR). It is important to understand the drivers for recruitment and re- recruitment, including the different challenges that male and female youth may experience.; \\n CVR and community-based reintegration programmes can be useful in preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth (see section 7.4 and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration); \\n Young people can play a crucial role in preventing the spread of rumours that may fuel recruitment and armed conflict, particularly through social media. Different youth networks and organizations may use their connections to fact-check rumours and then spread corrected information to their communities; \\n \u2018Safe spaces\u2019 that may take the form of youth centres or other contextually appropriate and gender sensitive form are recommended to be created as a place for young people to interact with each other. Centres that allow youth to meet off the streets and experience non-violent excitement and social connection can provide alternatives to joining armed forces or groups, offer marginalized youth a space where they feel included, and provide spaces to educate youth about the realities of life in armed groups. These centres can also help with training and employment efforts by, for example, organizing job information fairs and providing referrals to employment services and counselling. Informal youth drop-in centres may also attract young former combatants who are vulnerable to re-recruitment, and who did not go through DDR because of fear or misinformation, or because they managed to escape and are looking for help by themselves. Well-trained mentors who act as role models should manage these centres; \\\u203a Interaction between different youth organizations, networks and movements as well as youth centres, platforms and councils or others similar entitiescan provide opportunities to build trust between members of different communities. DDR practitioners should support programmes that encourage young people to initiate spaces that form bridges across conflict lines at community and state levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1023, "Sentence":"; \\n CVR and community-based reintegration programmes can be useful in preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth (see section 7.4 and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration); \\n Young people can play a crucial role in preventing the spread of rumours that may fuel recruitment and armed conflict, particularly through social media.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n cvr communitybased reintegration programme useful preventing recruitment youth see section 7.4 iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction iddrs 4.30 reintegration n young people play crucial role preventing spread rumour may fuel recruitment armed conflict particularly social medium ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of youth into armed forces and groups is essential for the development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies. Prevention efforts should start early and take place continuously throughout armed conflict. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.In recognition that youth are often recruited as children, and\/or face similar \u2018push\u2019 and \u2018pull\u2019 risk factors, DDR practitioners should analyse the structural, social, and individual-level risk factors outlined in section 8 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR when designing and implementing strategies to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners should also be aware that: \\n Youth participation in armed conflict is not always driven by negative motivations. Volunteerism into armed groups can be driven by a desire to change the social and political landscape in positive ways and to participate in something bigger than oneself. \\n Gender must be considered when considering reasons for youth engagement. Although an increasing number of young women and girls are involved in conflicts, particularly the longer conflicts continue, young men and boys are over-represented in armed forces and groups. This pattern is most often a result of societal gender expectations that value aggressive masculinity and peaceable femininity. While young women and girls often serve armed forces and groups in non- fighting roles and their contributions can be difficult to measure, their participation, reintegration and recovery is critical to peace building processes as marginalized women and girls remain at higher risk of (re)recruitment. Societal expectations may have implications for the roles of young women and men in conflict, as well as how they reintegrate following conflict (see IDDRS Module 5.10 Gender and DDR). It is important to understand the drivers for recruitment and re- recruitment, including the different challenges that male and female youth may experience.; \\n CVR and community-based reintegration programmes can be useful in preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth (see section 7.4 and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration); \\n Young people can play a crucial role in preventing the spread of rumours that may fuel recruitment and armed conflict, particularly through social media. Different youth networks and organizations may use their connections to fact-check rumours and then spread corrected information to their communities; \\n \u2018Safe spaces\u2019 that may take the form of youth centres or other contextually appropriate and gender sensitive form are recommended to be created as a place for young people to interact with each other. Centres that allow youth to meet off the streets and experience non-violent excitement and social connection can provide alternatives to joining armed forces or groups, offer marginalized youth a space where they feel included, and provide spaces to educate youth about the realities of life in armed groups. These centres can also help with training and employment efforts by, for example, organizing job information fairs and providing referrals to employment services and counselling. Informal youth drop-in centres may also attract young former combatants who are vulnerable to re-recruitment, and who did not go through DDR because of fear or misinformation, or because they managed to escape and are looking for help by themselves. Well-trained mentors who act as role models should manage these centres; \\\u203a Interaction between different youth organizations, networks and movements as well as youth centres, platforms and councils or others similar entitiescan provide opportunities to build trust between members of different communities. DDR practitioners should support programmes that encourage young people to initiate spaces that form bridges across conflict lines at community and state levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1023, "Sentence":"Different youth networks and organizations may use their connections to fact-check rumours and then spread corrected information to their communities; \\n \u2018Safe spaces\u2019 that may take the form of youth centres or other contextually appropriate and gender sensitive form are recommended to be created as a place for young people to interact with each other.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR different youth network organization may use connection factcheck rumour spread corrected information community n \u2018 safe space \u2019 may take form youth centre contextually appropriate gender sensitive form recommended created place young people interact ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of youth into armed forces and groups is essential for the development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies. Prevention efforts should start early and take place continuously throughout armed conflict. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.In recognition that youth are often recruited as children, and\/or face similar \u2018push\u2019 and \u2018pull\u2019 risk factors, DDR practitioners should analyse the structural, social, and individual-level risk factors outlined in section 8 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR when designing and implementing strategies to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners should also be aware that: \\n Youth participation in armed conflict is not always driven by negative motivations. Volunteerism into armed groups can be driven by a desire to change the social and political landscape in positive ways and to participate in something bigger than oneself. \\n Gender must be considered when considering reasons for youth engagement. Although an increasing number of young women and girls are involved in conflicts, particularly the longer conflicts continue, young men and boys are over-represented in armed forces and groups. This pattern is most often a result of societal gender expectations that value aggressive masculinity and peaceable femininity. While young women and girls often serve armed forces and groups in non- fighting roles and their contributions can be difficult to measure, their participation, reintegration and recovery is critical to peace building processes as marginalized women and girls remain at higher risk of (re)recruitment. Societal expectations may have implications for the roles of young women and men in conflict, as well as how they reintegrate following conflict (see IDDRS Module 5.10 Gender and DDR). It is important to understand the drivers for recruitment and re- recruitment, including the different challenges that male and female youth may experience.; \\n CVR and community-based reintegration programmes can be useful in preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth (see section 7.4 and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration); \\n Young people can play a crucial role in preventing the spread of rumours that may fuel recruitment and armed conflict, particularly through social media. Different youth networks and organizations may use their connections to fact-check rumours and then spread corrected information to their communities; \\n \u2018Safe spaces\u2019 that may take the form of youth centres or other contextually appropriate and gender sensitive form are recommended to be created as a place for young people to interact with each other. Centres that allow youth to meet off the streets and experience non-violent excitement and social connection can provide alternatives to joining armed forces or groups, offer marginalized youth a space where they feel included, and provide spaces to educate youth about the realities of life in armed groups. These centres can also help with training and employment efforts by, for example, organizing job information fairs and providing referrals to employment services and counselling. Informal youth drop-in centres may also attract young former combatants who are vulnerable to re-recruitment, and who did not go through DDR because of fear or misinformation, or because they managed to escape and are looking for help by themselves. Well-trained mentors who act as role models should manage these centres; \\\u203a Interaction between different youth organizations, networks and movements as well as youth centres, platforms and councils or others similar entitiescan provide opportunities to build trust between members of different communities. DDR practitioners should support programmes that encourage young people to initiate spaces that form bridges across conflict lines at community and state levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1023, "Sentence":"Centres that allow youth to meet off the streets and experience non-violent excitement and social connection can provide alternatives to joining armed forces or groups, offer marginalized youth a space where they feel included, and provide spaces to educate youth about the realities of life in armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR centre allow youth meet street experience nonviolent excitement social connection provide alternative joining armed force group offer marginalized youth space feel included provide space educate youth reality life armed group ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of youth into armed forces and groups is essential for the development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies. Prevention efforts should start early and take place continuously throughout armed conflict. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.In recognition that youth are often recruited as children, and\/or face similar \u2018push\u2019 and \u2018pull\u2019 risk factors, DDR practitioners should analyse the structural, social, and individual-level risk factors outlined in section 8 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR when designing and implementing strategies to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners should also be aware that: \\n Youth participation in armed conflict is not always driven by negative motivations. Volunteerism into armed groups can be driven by a desire to change the social and political landscape in positive ways and to participate in something bigger than oneself. \\n Gender must be considered when considering reasons for youth engagement. Although an increasing number of young women and girls are involved in conflicts, particularly the longer conflicts continue, young men and boys are over-represented in armed forces and groups. This pattern is most often a result of societal gender expectations that value aggressive masculinity and peaceable femininity. While young women and girls often serve armed forces and groups in non- fighting roles and their contributions can be difficult to measure, their participation, reintegration and recovery is critical to peace building processes as marginalized women and girls remain at higher risk of (re)recruitment. Societal expectations may have implications for the roles of young women and men in conflict, as well as how they reintegrate following conflict (see IDDRS Module 5.10 Gender and DDR). It is important to understand the drivers for recruitment and re- recruitment, including the different challenges that male and female youth may experience.; \\n CVR and community-based reintegration programmes can be useful in preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth (see section 7.4 and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration); \\n Young people can play a crucial role in preventing the spread of rumours that may fuel recruitment and armed conflict, particularly through social media. Different youth networks and organizations may use their connections to fact-check rumours and then spread corrected information to their communities; \\n \u2018Safe spaces\u2019 that may take the form of youth centres or other contextually appropriate and gender sensitive form are recommended to be created as a place for young people to interact with each other. Centres that allow youth to meet off the streets and experience non-violent excitement and social connection can provide alternatives to joining armed forces or groups, offer marginalized youth a space where they feel included, and provide spaces to educate youth about the realities of life in armed groups. These centres can also help with training and employment efforts by, for example, organizing job information fairs and providing referrals to employment services and counselling. Informal youth drop-in centres may also attract young former combatants who are vulnerable to re-recruitment, and who did not go through DDR because of fear or misinformation, or because they managed to escape and are looking for help by themselves. Well-trained mentors who act as role models should manage these centres; \\\u203a Interaction between different youth organizations, networks and movements as well as youth centres, platforms and councils or others similar entitiescan provide opportunities to build trust between members of different communities. DDR practitioners should support programmes that encourage young people to initiate spaces that form bridges across conflict lines at community and state levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1023, "Sentence":"These centres can also help with training and employment efforts by, for example, organizing job information fairs and providing referrals to employment services and counselling.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR centre also help training employment effort example organizing job information fair providing referral employment service counselling ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of youth into armed forces and groups is essential for the development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies. Prevention efforts should start early and take place continuously throughout armed conflict. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.In recognition that youth are often recruited as children, and\/or face similar \u2018push\u2019 and \u2018pull\u2019 risk factors, DDR practitioners should analyse the structural, social, and individual-level risk factors outlined in section 8 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR when designing and implementing strategies to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners should also be aware that: \\n Youth participation in armed conflict is not always driven by negative motivations. Volunteerism into armed groups can be driven by a desire to change the social and political landscape in positive ways and to participate in something bigger than oneself. \\n Gender must be considered when considering reasons for youth engagement. Although an increasing number of young women and girls are involved in conflicts, particularly the longer conflicts continue, young men and boys are over-represented in armed forces and groups. This pattern is most often a result of societal gender expectations that value aggressive masculinity and peaceable femininity. While young women and girls often serve armed forces and groups in non- fighting roles and their contributions can be difficult to measure, their participation, reintegration and recovery is critical to peace building processes as marginalized women and girls remain at higher risk of (re)recruitment. Societal expectations may have implications for the roles of young women and men in conflict, as well as how they reintegrate following conflict (see IDDRS Module 5.10 Gender and DDR). It is important to understand the drivers for recruitment and re- recruitment, including the different challenges that male and female youth may experience.; \\n CVR and community-based reintegration programmes can be useful in preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth (see section 7.4 and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration); \\n Young people can play a crucial role in preventing the spread of rumours that may fuel recruitment and armed conflict, particularly through social media. Different youth networks and organizations may use their connections to fact-check rumours and then spread corrected information to their communities; \\n \u2018Safe spaces\u2019 that may take the form of youth centres or other contextually appropriate and gender sensitive form are recommended to be created as a place for young people to interact with each other. Centres that allow youth to meet off the streets and experience non-violent excitement and social connection can provide alternatives to joining armed forces or groups, offer marginalized youth a space where they feel included, and provide spaces to educate youth about the realities of life in armed groups. These centres can also help with training and employment efforts by, for example, organizing job information fairs and providing referrals to employment services and counselling. Informal youth drop-in centres may also attract young former combatants who are vulnerable to re-recruitment, and who did not go through DDR because of fear or misinformation, or because they managed to escape and are looking for help by themselves. Well-trained mentors who act as role models should manage these centres; \\\u203a Interaction between different youth organizations, networks and movements as well as youth centres, platforms and councils or others similar entitiescan provide opportunities to build trust between members of different communities. DDR practitioners should support programmes that encourage young people to initiate spaces that form bridges across conflict lines at community and state levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1023, "Sentence":"Informal youth drop-in centres may also attract young former combatants who are vulnerable to re-recruitment, and who did not go through DDR because of fear or misinformation, or because they managed to escape and are looking for help by themselves.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR informal youth dropin centre may also attract young former combatant vulnerable rerecruitment go ddr fear misinformation managed escape looking help ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of youth into armed forces and groups is essential for the development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies. Prevention efforts should start early and take place continuously throughout armed conflict. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.In recognition that youth are often recruited as children, and\/or face similar \u2018push\u2019 and \u2018pull\u2019 risk factors, DDR practitioners should analyse the structural, social, and individual-level risk factors outlined in section 8 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR when designing and implementing strategies to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners should also be aware that: \\n Youth participation in armed conflict is not always driven by negative motivations. Volunteerism into armed groups can be driven by a desire to change the social and political landscape in positive ways and to participate in something bigger than oneself. \\n Gender must be considered when considering reasons for youth engagement. Although an increasing number of young women and girls are involved in conflicts, particularly the longer conflicts continue, young men and boys are over-represented in armed forces and groups. This pattern is most often a result of societal gender expectations that value aggressive masculinity and peaceable femininity. While young women and girls often serve armed forces and groups in non- fighting roles and their contributions can be difficult to measure, their participation, reintegration and recovery is critical to peace building processes as marginalized women and girls remain at higher risk of (re)recruitment. Societal expectations may have implications for the roles of young women and men in conflict, as well as how they reintegrate following conflict (see IDDRS Module 5.10 Gender and DDR). It is important to understand the drivers for recruitment and re- recruitment, including the different challenges that male and female youth may experience.; \\n CVR and community-based reintegration programmes can be useful in preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth (see section 7.4 and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration); \\n Young people can play a crucial role in preventing the spread of rumours that may fuel recruitment and armed conflict, particularly through social media. Different youth networks and organizations may use their connections to fact-check rumours and then spread corrected information to their communities; \\n \u2018Safe spaces\u2019 that may take the form of youth centres or other contextually appropriate and gender sensitive form are recommended to be created as a place for young people to interact with each other. Centres that allow youth to meet off the streets and experience non-violent excitement and social connection can provide alternatives to joining armed forces or groups, offer marginalized youth a space where they feel included, and provide spaces to educate youth about the realities of life in armed groups. These centres can also help with training and employment efforts by, for example, organizing job information fairs and providing referrals to employment services and counselling. Informal youth drop-in centres may also attract young former combatants who are vulnerable to re-recruitment, and who did not go through DDR because of fear or misinformation, or because they managed to escape and are looking for help by themselves. Well-trained mentors who act as role models should manage these centres; \\\u203a Interaction between different youth organizations, networks and movements as well as youth centres, platforms and councils or others similar entitiescan provide opportunities to build trust between members of different communities. DDR practitioners should support programmes that encourage young people to initiate spaces that form bridges across conflict lines at community and state levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1023, "Sentence":"Well-trained mentors who act as role models should manage these centres; \\\u203a Interaction between different youth organizations, networks and movements as well as youth centres, platforms and councils or others similar entitiescan provide opportunities to build trust between members of different communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR welltrained mentor act role model manage centre \u203a interaction different youth organization network movement well youth centre platform council others similar entitiescan provide opportunity build trust member different community ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of youth", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of youth into armed forces and groups is essential for the development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies. Prevention efforts should start early and take place continuously throughout armed conflict. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.In recognition that youth are often recruited as children, and\/or face similar \u2018push\u2019 and \u2018pull\u2019 risk factors, DDR practitioners should analyse the structural, social, and individual-level risk factors outlined in section 8 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR when designing and implementing strategies to prevent the (re-)recruitment of youth. DDR practitioners should also be aware that: \\n Youth participation in armed conflict is not always driven by negative motivations. Volunteerism into armed groups can be driven by a desire to change the social and political landscape in positive ways and to participate in something bigger than oneself. \\n Gender must be considered when considering reasons for youth engagement. Although an increasing number of young women and girls are involved in conflicts, particularly the longer conflicts continue, young men and boys are over-represented in armed forces and groups. This pattern is most often a result of societal gender expectations that value aggressive masculinity and peaceable femininity. While young women and girls often serve armed forces and groups in non- fighting roles and their contributions can be difficult to measure, their participation, reintegration and recovery is critical to peace building processes as marginalized women and girls remain at higher risk of (re)recruitment. Societal expectations may have implications for the roles of young women and men in conflict, as well as how they reintegrate following conflict (see IDDRS Module 5.10 Gender and DDR). It is important to understand the drivers for recruitment and re- recruitment, including the different challenges that male and female youth may experience.; \\n CVR and community-based reintegration programmes can be useful in preventing the (re-) recruitment of youth (see section 7.4 and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration); \\n Young people can play a crucial role in preventing the spread of rumours that may fuel recruitment and armed conflict, particularly through social media. Different youth networks and organizations may use their connections to fact-check rumours and then spread corrected information to their communities; \\n \u2018Safe spaces\u2019 that may take the form of youth centres or other contextually appropriate and gender sensitive form are recommended to be created as a place for young people to interact with each other. Centres that allow youth to meet off the streets and experience non-violent excitement and social connection can provide alternatives to joining armed forces or groups, offer marginalized youth a space where they feel included, and provide spaces to educate youth about the realities of life in armed groups. These centres can also help with training and employment efforts by, for example, organizing job information fairs and providing referrals to employment services and counselling. Informal youth drop-in centres may also attract young former combatants who are vulnerable to re-recruitment, and who did not go through DDR because of fear or misinformation, or because they managed to escape and are looking for help by themselves. Well-trained mentors who act as role models should manage these centres; \\\u203a Interaction between different youth organizations, networks and movements as well as youth centres, platforms and councils or others similar entitiescan provide opportunities to build trust between members of different communities. DDR practitioners should support programmes that encourage young people to initiate spaces that form bridges across conflict lines at community and state levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1023, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should support programmes that encourage young people to initiate spaces that form bridges across conflict lines at community and state levels.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr practitioner support programme encourage young people initiate space form bridge across conflict line community state level ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"It is neither possible nor advisable to design and implement DDR processes for all young people in the same way. For youth between the ages of 15 to 17, the guidance outlined in section 7 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be followed. However, elements of the guidance in this section, which focuses on youth aged 18 to 24, may also be applicable.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1024, "Sentence":"It is neither possible nor advisable to design and implement DDR processes for all young people in the same way.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR neither possible advisable design implement ddr process young people way ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"It is neither possible nor advisable to design and implement DDR processes for all young people in the same way. For youth between the ages of 15 to 17, the guidance outlined in section 7 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be followed. However, elements of the guidance in this section, which focuses on youth aged 18 to 24, may also be applicable.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1024, "Sentence":"For youth between the ages of 15 to 17, the guidance outlined in section 7 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be followed.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth age 15 17 guidance outlined section 7 iddrs 5.20 child ddr shall followed ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"It is neither possible nor advisable to design and implement DDR processes for all young people in the same way. For youth between the ages of 15 to 17, the guidance outlined in section 7 of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR shall be followed. However, elements of the guidance in this section, which focuses on youth aged 18 to 24, may also be applicable.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1024, "Sentence":"However, elements of the guidance in this section, which focuses on youth aged 18 to 24, may also be applicable.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR however element guidance section focus youth aged 18 24 may also applicable ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. DDR programmes require certain preconditions, such as the signing of a peace agreement, to be viable (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1025, "Sentence":"DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr programme consist set related measure particular aim falling operational category disarmament demobilization reintegration ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. DDR programmes require certain preconditions, such as the signing of a peace agreement, to be viable (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1025, "Sentence":"DDR programmes require certain preconditions, such as the signing of a peace agreement, to be viable (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr programme require certain precondition signing peace agreement viable see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.1 Personnel", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Youth-focused DDR programmes should include technical personnel and local staff with experience in working on youth and gender issues in order to ensure that explicit needs are identified and addressed from an early stage of engagement. This should be expressed either through distinct roles or as a function of an existing role and developed into relevant terms of reference. For example, the disarmament team should include a national youth specialist.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1026, "Sentence":"Youth-focused DDR programmes should include technical personnel and local staff with experience in working on youth and gender issues in order to ensure that explicit needs are identified and addressed from an early stage of engagement.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youthfocused ddr programme include technical personnel local staff experience working youth gender issue order ensure explicit need identified addressed early stage engagement ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.1 Personnel", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Youth-focused DDR programmes should include technical personnel and local staff with experience in working on youth and gender issues in order to ensure that explicit needs are identified and addressed from an early stage of engagement. This should be expressed either through distinct roles or as a function of an existing role and developed into relevant terms of reference. For example, the disarmament team should include a national youth specialist.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1026, "Sentence":"This should be expressed either through distinct roles or as a function of an existing role and developed into relevant terms of reference.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR expressed either distinct role function existing role developed relevant term reference ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.1 Personnel", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Youth-focused DDR programmes should include technical personnel and local staff with experience in working on youth and gender issues in order to ensure that explicit needs are identified and addressed from an early stage of engagement. This should be expressed either through distinct roles or as a function of an existing role and developed into relevant terms of reference. For example, the disarmament team should include a national youth specialist.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1026, "Sentence":"For example, the disarmament team should include a national youth specialist.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR example disarmament team include national youth specialist ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.2 Disarmament and demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"During disarmament or demobilisation processes youth should be screened for age, following age assessment guidance found in Annex B of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR. Youth, under the age of 18, should be separated from adults.With the exception of young child dependants who are with their caregivers, female youth participating in DDR programmes should, at a minimum, be accommodated in a female only section and, where possible, housed in female only facilities along with other female ex-combatants and females associated with armed forces or groups. Further guidance can be found in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization, and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1027, "Sentence":"During disarmament or demobilisation processes youth should be screened for age, following age assessment guidance found in Annex B of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR disarmament demobilisation process youth screened age following age assessment guidance found annex b iddrs 5.20 child ddr ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.2 Disarmament and demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"During disarmament or demobilisation processes youth should be screened for age, following age assessment guidance found in Annex B of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR. Youth, under the age of 18, should be separated from adults.With the exception of young child dependants who are with their caregivers, female youth participating in DDR programmes should, at a minimum, be accommodated in a female only section and, where possible, housed in female only facilities along with other female ex-combatants and females associated with armed forces or groups. Further guidance can be found in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization, and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1027, "Sentence":"Youth, under the age of 18, should be separated from adults.With the exception of young child dependants who are with their caregivers, female youth participating in DDR programmes should, at a minimum, be accommodated in a female only section and, where possible, housed in female only facilities along with other female ex-combatants and females associated with armed forces or groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth age 18 separated adults.with exception young child dependant caregiver female youth participating ddr programme minimum accommodated female section possible housed female facility along female excombatants female associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.2 Disarmament and demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"During disarmament or demobilisation processes youth should be screened for age, following age assessment guidance found in Annex B of IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR. Youth, under the age of 18, should be separated from adults.With the exception of young child dependants who are with their caregivers, female youth participating in DDR programmes should, at a minimum, be accommodated in a female only section and, where possible, housed in female only facilities along with other female ex-combatants and females associated with armed forces or groups. Further guidance can be found in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization, and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1027, "Sentence":"Further guidance can be found in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization, and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR guidance found iddrs 4.10 disarmament iddrs 4.20 demobilization iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr" }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.3 Profiling", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Even before disarmament begins, a general profile of the potential participants and beneficiaries of a DDR programme should be developed in order to inform later reintegration programming. The following data should be collected: demographic composition of participants and beneficiaries, education and skills, special needs, areas of return, expectations and security risks. To the extent possible, a random and representative sample should be taken, and the data gathered should be disaggregated by age and gender (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). During disarmament and demobilization, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups should be registered and more comprehensive profiling should take place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). This profiling should be used, at a minimum, to identify obstacles that may prevent youth from full participation in a DDR programme, to identify the specific needs and ambitions of youth, and to devise protective measures for youth. For example, profiling may reveal the need for extended outreach services to families to address trauma, distress, or loss, and increase their ability to support returning youth.The registration and profiling of youth should include an emphasis on better understanding their reasons for engagement, aspirations for reintegration, education and technical\/professional skill levels and major gaps, health-related issues that may affect reintegration (including psychosocial health), family situation, economic status, and any other relevant information that will aid in the design of reintegration solutions that are most appropriate for youth. A standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative data from youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces or groups should be designed. This questionnaire can be supported by conducting qualitative profiling: assessing life skills and skills learned during armed service (for example, leadership, driving, maintenance\/repair, construction, logistics) which their record often does not reflect (see Annex B for Sample Profiling Questions to Guide Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1028, "Sentence":"Even before disarmament begins, a general profile of the potential participants and beneficiaries of a DDR programme should be developed in order to inform later reintegration programming.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR even disarmament begin general profile potential participant beneficiary ddr programme developed order inform later reintegration programming ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.3 Profiling", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Even before disarmament begins, a general profile of the potential participants and beneficiaries of a DDR programme should be developed in order to inform later reintegration programming. The following data should be collected: demographic composition of participants and beneficiaries, education and skills, special needs, areas of return, expectations and security risks. To the extent possible, a random and representative sample should be taken, and the data gathered should be disaggregated by age and gender (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). During disarmament and demobilization, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups should be registered and more comprehensive profiling should take place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). This profiling should be used, at a minimum, to identify obstacles that may prevent youth from full participation in a DDR programme, to identify the specific needs and ambitions of youth, and to devise protective measures for youth. For example, profiling may reveal the need for extended outreach services to families to address trauma, distress, or loss, and increase their ability to support returning youth.The registration and profiling of youth should include an emphasis on better understanding their reasons for engagement, aspirations for reintegration, education and technical\/professional skill levels and major gaps, health-related issues that may affect reintegration (including psychosocial health), family situation, economic status, and any other relevant information that will aid in the design of reintegration solutions that are most appropriate for youth. A standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative data from youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces or groups should be designed. This questionnaire can be supported by conducting qualitative profiling: assessing life skills and skills learned during armed service (for example, leadership, driving, maintenance\/repair, construction, logistics) which their record often does not reflect (see Annex B for Sample Profiling Questions to Guide Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1028, "Sentence":"The following data should be collected: demographic composition of participants and beneficiaries, education and skills, special needs, areas of return, expectations and security risks.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR following data collected demographic composition participant beneficiary education skill special need area return expectation security risk ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.3 Profiling", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Even before disarmament begins, a general profile of the potential participants and beneficiaries of a DDR programme should be developed in order to inform later reintegration programming. The following data should be collected: demographic composition of participants and beneficiaries, education and skills, special needs, areas of return, expectations and security risks. To the extent possible, a random and representative sample should be taken, and the data gathered should be disaggregated by age and gender (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). During disarmament and demobilization, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups should be registered and more comprehensive profiling should take place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). This profiling should be used, at a minimum, to identify obstacles that may prevent youth from full participation in a DDR programme, to identify the specific needs and ambitions of youth, and to devise protective measures for youth. For example, profiling may reveal the need for extended outreach services to families to address trauma, distress, or loss, and increase their ability to support returning youth.The registration and profiling of youth should include an emphasis on better understanding their reasons for engagement, aspirations for reintegration, education and technical\/professional skill levels and major gaps, health-related issues that may affect reintegration (including psychosocial health), family situation, economic status, and any other relevant information that will aid in the design of reintegration solutions that are most appropriate for youth. A standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative data from youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces or groups should be designed. This questionnaire can be supported by conducting qualitative profiling: assessing life skills and skills learned during armed service (for example, leadership, driving, maintenance\/repair, construction, logistics) which their record often does not reflect (see Annex B for Sample Profiling Questions to Guide Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1028, "Sentence":"To the extent possible, a random and representative sample should be taken, and the data gathered should be disaggregated by age and gender (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR extent possible random representative sample taken data gathered disaggregated age gender see iddrs 4.30 reintegration ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.3 Profiling", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Even before disarmament begins, a general profile of the potential participants and beneficiaries of a DDR programme should be developed in order to inform later reintegration programming. The following data should be collected: demographic composition of participants and beneficiaries, education and skills, special needs, areas of return, expectations and security risks. To the extent possible, a random and representative sample should be taken, and the data gathered should be disaggregated by age and gender (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). During disarmament and demobilization, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups should be registered and more comprehensive profiling should take place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). This profiling should be used, at a minimum, to identify obstacles that may prevent youth from full participation in a DDR programme, to identify the specific needs and ambitions of youth, and to devise protective measures for youth. For example, profiling may reveal the need for extended outreach services to families to address trauma, distress, or loss, and increase their ability to support returning youth.The registration and profiling of youth should include an emphasis on better understanding their reasons for engagement, aspirations for reintegration, education and technical\/professional skill levels and major gaps, health-related issues that may affect reintegration (including psychosocial health), family situation, economic status, and any other relevant information that will aid in the design of reintegration solutions that are most appropriate for youth. A standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative data from youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces or groups should be designed. This questionnaire can be supported by conducting qualitative profiling: assessing life skills and skills learned during armed service (for example, leadership, driving, maintenance\/repair, construction, logistics) which their record often does not reflect (see Annex B for Sample Profiling Questions to Guide Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1028, "Sentence":"During disarmament and demobilization, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups should be registered and more comprehensive profiling should take place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR disarmament demobilization excombatants person formerly associated armed force group registered comprehensive profiling take place see iddrs 4.20 demobilization ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.3 Profiling", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Even before disarmament begins, a general profile of the potential participants and beneficiaries of a DDR programme should be developed in order to inform later reintegration programming. The following data should be collected: demographic composition of participants and beneficiaries, education and skills, special needs, areas of return, expectations and security risks. To the extent possible, a random and representative sample should be taken, and the data gathered should be disaggregated by age and gender (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). During disarmament and demobilization, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups should be registered and more comprehensive profiling should take place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). This profiling should be used, at a minimum, to identify obstacles that may prevent youth from full participation in a DDR programme, to identify the specific needs and ambitions of youth, and to devise protective measures for youth. For example, profiling may reveal the need for extended outreach services to families to address trauma, distress, or loss, and increase their ability to support returning youth.The registration and profiling of youth should include an emphasis on better understanding their reasons for engagement, aspirations for reintegration, education and technical\/professional skill levels and major gaps, health-related issues that may affect reintegration (including psychosocial health), family situation, economic status, and any other relevant information that will aid in the design of reintegration solutions that are most appropriate for youth. A standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative data from youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces or groups should be designed. This questionnaire can be supported by conducting qualitative profiling: assessing life skills and skills learned during armed service (for example, leadership, driving, maintenance\/repair, construction, logistics) which their record often does not reflect (see Annex B for Sample Profiling Questions to Guide Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1028, "Sentence":"This profiling should be used, at a minimum, to identify obstacles that may prevent youth from full participation in a DDR programme, to identify the specific needs and ambitions of youth, and to devise protective measures for youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR profiling used minimum identify obstacle may prevent youth full participation ddr programme identify specific need ambition youth devise protective measure youth ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.3 Profiling", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Even before disarmament begins, a general profile of the potential participants and beneficiaries of a DDR programme should be developed in order to inform later reintegration programming. The following data should be collected: demographic composition of participants and beneficiaries, education and skills, special needs, areas of return, expectations and security risks. To the extent possible, a random and representative sample should be taken, and the data gathered should be disaggregated by age and gender (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). During disarmament and demobilization, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups should be registered and more comprehensive profiling should take place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). This profiling should be used, at a minimum, to identify obstacles that may prevent youth from full participation in a DDR programme, to identify the specific needs and ambitions of youth, and to devise protective measures for youth. For example, profiling may reveal the need for extended outreach services to families to address trauma, distress, or loss, and increase their ability to support returning youth.The registration and profiling of youth should include an emphasis on better understanding their reasons for engagement, aspirations for reintegration, education and technical\/professional skill levels and major gaps, health-related issues that may affect reintegration (including psychosocial health), family situation, economic status, and any other relevant information that will aid in the design of reintegration solutions that are most appropriate for youth. A standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative data from youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces or groups should be designed. This questionnaire can be supported by conducting qualitative profiling: assessing life skills and skills learned during armed service (for example, leadership, driving, maintenance\/repair, construction, logistics) which their record often does not reflect (see Annex B for Sample Profiling Questions to Guide Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1028, "Sentence":"For example, profiling may reveal the need for extended outreach services to families to address trauma, distress, or loss, and increase their ability to support returning youth.The registration and profiling of youth should include an emphasis on better understanding their reasons for engagement, aspirations for reintegration, education and technical\/professional skill levels and major gaps, health-related issues that may affect reintegration (including psychosocial health), family situation, economic status, and any other relevant information that will aid in the design of reintegration solutions that are most appropriate for youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR example profiling may reveal need extended outreach service family address trauma distress loss increase ability support returning youth.the registration profiling youth include emphasis better understanding reason engagement aspiration reintegration education technical\/professional skill level major gap healthrelated issue may affect reintegration including psychosocial health family situation economic status relevant information aid design reintegration solution appropriate youth ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.3 Profiling", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Even before disarmament begins, a general profile of the potential participants and beneficiaries of a DDR programme should be developed in order to inform later reintegration programming. The following data should be collected: demographic composition of participants and beneficiaries, education and skills, special needs, areas of return, expectations and security risks. To the extent possible, a random and representative sample should be taken, and the data gathered should be disaggregated by age and gender (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). During disarmament and demobilization, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups should be registered and more comprehensive profiling should take place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). This profiling should be used, at a minimum, to identify obstacles that may prevent youth from full participation in a DDR programme, to identify the specific needs and ambitions of youth, and to devise protective measures for youth. For example, profiling may reveal the need for extended outreach services to families to address trauma, distress, or loss, and increase their ability to support returning youth.The registration and profiling of youth should include an emphasis on better understanding their reasons for engagement, aspirations for reintegration, education and technical\/professional skill levels and major gaps, health-related issues that may affect reintegration (including psychosocial health), family situation, economic status, and any other relevant information that will aid in the design of reintegration solutions that are most appropriate for youth. A standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative data from youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces or groups should be designed. This questionnaire can be supported by conducting qualitative profiling: assessing life skills and skills learned during armed service (for example, leadership, driving, maintenance\/repair, construction, logistics) which their record often does not reflect (see Annex B for Sample Profiling Questions to Guide Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1028, "Sentence":"A standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative data from youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces or groups should be designed.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative qualitative data youth excombatants youth formerly associated armed force group designed ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.3 Profiling", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Even before disarmament begins, a general profile of the potential participants and beneficiaries of a DDR programme should be developed in order to inform later reintegration programming. The following data should be collected: demographic composition of participants and beneficiaries, education and skills, special needs, areas of return, expectations and security risks. To the extent possible, a random and representative sample should be taken, and the data gathered should be disaggregated by age and gender (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). During disarmament and demobilization, ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups should be registered and more comprehensive profiling should take place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). This profiling should be used, at a minimum, to identify obstacles that may prevent youth from full participation in a DDR programme, to identify the specific needs and ambitions of youth, and to devise protective measures for youth. For example, profiling may reveal the need for extended outreach services to families to address trauma, distress, or loss, and increase their ability to support returning youth.The registration and profiling of youth should include an emphasis on better understanding their reasons for engagement, aspirations for reintegration, education and technical\/professional skill levels and major gaps, health-related issues that may affect reintegration (including psychosocial health), family situation, economic status, and any other relevant information that will aid in the design of reintegration solutions that are most appropriate for youth. A standardized questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative data from youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces or groups should be designed. This questionnaire can be supported by conducting qualitative profiling: assessing life skills and skills learned during armed service (for example, leadership, driving, maintenance\/repair, construction, logistics) which their record often does not reflect (see Annex B for Sample Profiling Questions to Guide Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1028, "Sentence":"This questionnaire can be supported by conducting qualitative profiling: assessing life skills and skills learned during armed service (for example, leadership, driving, maintenance\/repair, construction, logistics) which their record often does not reflect (see Annex B for Sample Profiling Questions to Guide Reintegration).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR questionnaire supported conducting qualitative profiling assessing life skill skill learned armed service example leadership driving maintenance\/repair construction logistics record often reflect see annex b sample profiling question guide reintegration ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.4 Medical health screening", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During demobilization, individuals shall be directed to a doctor or medical team for health screening. Both general and specific health needs shall be assessed. Given their age and increased risk factors, youth shall be provided with basic specialized attention in the areas of reproductive health and STIs, including voluntary testing and counselling for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Female medical personnel shall be made available for women and girls. In addition, screening for mental health and psychosocial support needs should be available. Plans for how to protect personal health information shall also be made.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1029, "Sentence":"During demobilization, individuals shall be directed to a doctor or medical team for health screening.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR demobilization individual shall directed doctor medical team health screening ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.4 Medical health screening", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During demobilization, individuals shall be directed to a doctor or medical team for health screening. Both general and specific health needs shall be assessed. Given their age and increased risk factors, youth shall be provided with basic specialized attention in the areas of reproductive health and STIs, including voluntary testing and counselling for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Female medical personnel shall be made available for women and girls. In addition, screening for mental health and psychosocial support needs should be available. Plans for how to protect personal health information shall also be made.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1029, "Sentence":"Both general and specific health needs shall be assessed.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR general specific health need shall assessed ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.4 Medical health screening", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During demobilization, individuals shall be directed to a doctor or medical team for health screening. Both general and specific health needs shall be assessed. Given their age and increased risk factors, youth shall be provided with basic specialized attention in the areas of reproductive health and STIs, including voluntary testing and counselling for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Female medical personnel shall be made available for women and girls. In addition, screening for mental health and psychosocial support needs should be available. Plans for how to protect personal health information shall also be made.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1029, "Sentence":"Given their age and increased risk factors, youth shall be provided with basic specialized attention in the areas of reproductive health and STIs, including voluntary testing and counselling for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR given age increased risk factor youth shall provided basic specialized attention area reproductive health stis including voluntary testing counselling hiv\/aids see iddrs 5.60 hiv\/aids ddr iddrs 5.70 health ddr ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.4 Medical health screening", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During demobilization, individuals shall be directed to a doctor or medical team for health screening. Both general and specific health needs shall be assessed. Given their age and increased risk factors, youth shall be provided with basic specialized attention in the areas of reproductive health and STIs, including voluntary testing and counselling for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Female medical personnel shall be made available for women and girls. In addition, screening for mental health and psychosocial support needs should be available. Plans for how to protect personal health information shall also be made.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1029, "Sentence":"Female medical personnel shall be made available for women and girls.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR female medical personnel shall made available woman girl ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.4 Medical health screening", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During demobilization, individuals shall be directed to a doctor or medical team for health screening. Both general and specific health needs shall be assessed. Given their age and increased risk factors, youth shall be provided with basic specialized attention in the areas of reproductive health and STIs, including voluntary testing and counselling for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Female medical personnel shall be made available for women and girls. In addition, screening for mental health and psychosocial support needs should be available. Plans for how to protect personal health information shall also be made.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1029, "Sentence":"In addition, screening for mental health and psychosocial support needs should be available.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR addition screening mental health psychosocial support need available ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.4 Medical health screening", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During demobilization, individuals shall be directed to a doctor or medical team for health screening. Both general and specific health needs shall be assessed. Given their age and increased risk factors, youth shall be provided with basic specialized attention in the areas of reproductive health and STIs, including voluntary testing and counselling for HIV\/AIDS (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Female medical personnel shall be made available for women and girls. In addition, screening for mental health and psychosocial support needs should be available. Plans for how to protect personal health information shall also be made.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1029, "Sentence":"Plans for how to protect personal health information shall also be made.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR plan protect personal health information shall also made ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.5 Pre-Discharge Awareness Raising", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The transition from military to civilian life can be extremely difficult and stressful for youth who are ex-combatants or persons associated with armed forces or groups. These young men and women often lack experience in navigating civilian systems or processes such as finding accommodation, accessing services and engaging in civilian life. Pre-discharge awareness raising can be a critical component in ensuring a smooth initial transition and to begin to prepare youth for civilian life. As such, specialized sensitization programmes should be developed for youth to address the various concerns specific to this group. These programmes should take into account specific gender differences such as addressing societal expectations (e.g., for males to be the primary breadwinner, for females to fulfil traditional gender roles) and risks of stigmatization\/rejection. However, they should also be designed to prepare youth for their reintegration, including beginning to raise and where appropriate address issues such as social norms and how to resolve disagreements and disputes non-violently. Given that youth may have been socialized into violence during the period they were associated with an armed force or group, longer-term reintegration support is necessary. Sensitization should therefore focus on helping youth find solutions to the challenges they may face on their return, rather than purely identifying those challenges.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1030, "Sentence":"The transition from military to civilian life can be extremely difficult and stressful for youth who are ex-combatants or persons associated with armed forces or groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR transition military civilian life extremely difficult stressful youth excombatants person associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.5 Pre-Discharge Awareness Raising", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The transition from military to civilian life can be extremely difficult and stressful for youth who are ex-combatants or persons associated with armed forces or groups. These young men and women often lack experience in navigating civilian systems or processes such as finding accommodation, accessing services and engaging in civilian life. Pre-discharge awareness raising can be a critical component in ensuring a smooth initial transition and to begin to prepare youth for civilian life. As such, specialized sensitization programmes should be developed for youth to address the various concerns specific to this group. These programmes should take into account specific gender differences such as addressing societal expectations (e.g., for males to be the primary breadwinner, for females to fulfil traditional gender roles) and risks of stigmatization\/rejection. However, they should also be designed to prepare youth for their reintegration, including beginning to raise and where appropriate address issues such as social norms and how to resolve disagreements and disputes non-violently. Given that youth may have been socialized into violence during the period they were associated with an armed force or group, longer-term reintegration support is necessary. Sensitization should therefore focus on helping youth find solutions to the challenges they may face on their return, rather than purely identifying those challenges.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1030, "Sentence":"These young men and women often lack experience in navigating civilian systems or processes such as finding accommodation, accessing services and engaging in civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR young men woman often lack experience navigating civilian system process finding accommodation accessing service engaging civilian life ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.5 Pre-Discharge Awareness Raising", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The transition from military to civilian life can be extremely difficult and stressful for youth who are ex-combatants or persons associated with armed forces or groups. These young men and women often lack experience in navigating civilian systems or processes such as finding accommodation, accessing services and engaging in civilian life. Pre-discharge awareness raising can be a critical component in ensuring a smooth initial transition and to begin to prepare youth for civilian life. As such, specialized sensitization programmes should be developed for youth to address the various concerns specific to this group. These programmes should take into account specific gender differences such as addressing societal expectations (e.g., for males to be the primary breadwinner, for females to fulfil traditional gender roles) and risks of stigmatization\/rejection. However, they should also be designed to prepare youth for their reintegration, including beginning to raise and where appropriate address issues such as social norms and how to resolve disagreements and disputes non-violently. Given that youth may have been socialized into violence during the period they were associated with an armed force or group, longer-term reintegration support is necessary. Sensitization should therefore focus on helping youth find solutions to the challenges they may face on their return, rather than purely identifying those challenges.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1030, "Sentence":"Pre-discharge awareness raising can be a critical component in ensuring a smooth initial transition and to begin to prepare youth for civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR predischarge awareness raising critical component ensuring smooth initial transition begin prepare youth civilian life ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.5 Pre-Discharge Awareness Raising", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The transition from military to civilian life can be extremely difficult and stressful for youth who are ex-combatants or persons associated with armed forces or groups. These young men and women often lack experience in navigating civilian systems or processes such as finding accommodation, accessing services and engaging in civilian life. Pre-discharge awareness raising can be a critical component in ensuring a smooth initial transition and to begin to prepare youth for civilian life. As such, specialized sensitization programmes should be developed for youth to address the various concerns specific to this group. These programmes should take into account specific gender differences such as addressing societal expectations (e.g., for males to be the primary breadwinner, for females to fulfil traditional gender roles) and risks of stigmatization\/rejection. However, they should also be designed to prepare youth for their reintegration, including beginning to raise and where appropriate address issues such as social norms and how to resolve disagreements and disputes non-violently. Given that youth may have been socialized into violence during the period they were associated with an armed force or group, longer-term reintegration support is necessary. Sensitization should therefore focus on helping youth find solutions to the challenges they may face on their return, rather than purely identifying those challenges.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1030, "Sentence":"As such, specialized sensitization programmes should be developed for youth to address the various concerns specific to this group.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR specialized sensitization programme developed youth address various concern specific group ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.5 Pre-Discharge Awareness Raising", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The transition from military to civilian life can be extremely difficult and stressful for youth who are ex-combatants or persons associated with armed forces or groups. These young men and women often lack experience in navigating civilian systems or processes such as finding accommodation, accessing services and engaging in civilian life. Pre-discharge awareness raising can be a critical component in ensuring a smooth initial transition and to begin to prepare youth for civilian life. As such, specialized sensitization programmes should be developed for youth to address the various concerns specific to this group. These programmes should take into account specific gender differences such as addressing societal expectations (e.g., for males to be the primary breadwinner, for females to fulfil traditional gender roles) and risks of stigmatization\/rejection. However, they should also be designed to prepare youth for their reintegration, including beginning to raise and where appropriate address issues such as social norms and how to resolve disagreements and disputes non-violently. Given that youth may have been socialized into violence during the period they were associated with an armed force or group, longer-term reintegration support is necessary. Sensitization should therefore focus on helping youth find solutions to the challenges they may face on their return, rather than purely identifying those challenges.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1030, "Sentence":"These programmes should take into account specific gender differences such as addressing societal expectations (e.g., for males to be the primary breadwinner, for females to fulfil traditional gender roles) and risks of stigmatization\/rejection.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR programme take account specific gender difference addressing societal expectation e.g . male primary breadwinner female fulfil traditional gender role risk stigmatization\/rejection ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.5 Pre-Discharge Awareness Raising", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The transition from military to civilian life can be extremely difficult and stressful for youth who are ex-combatants or persons associated with armed forces or groups. These young men and women often lack experience in navigating civilian systems or processes such as finding accommodation, accessing services and engaging in civilian life. Pre-discharge awareness raising can be a critical component in ensuring a smooth initial transition and to begin to prepare youth for civilian life. As such, specialized sensitization programmes should be developed for youth to address the various concerns specific to this group. These programmes should take into account specific gender differences such as addressing societal expectations (e.g., for males to be the primary breadwinner, for females to fulfil traditional gender roles) and risks of stigmatization\/rejection. However, they should also be designed to prepare youth for their reintegration, including beginning to raise and where appropriate address issues such as social norms and how to resolve disagreements and disputes non-violently. Given that youth may have been socialized into violence during the period they were associated with an armed force or group, longer-term reintegration support is necessary. Sensitization should therefore focus on helping youth find solutions to the challenges they may face on their return, rather than purely identifying those challenges.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1030, "Sentence":"However, they should also be designed to prepare youth for their reintegration, including beginning to raise and where appropriate address issues such as social norms and how to resolve disagreements and disputes non-violently.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR however also designed prepare youth reintegration including beginning raise appropriate address issue social norm resolve disagreement dispute nonviolently ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.5 Pre-Discharge Awareness Raising", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The transition from military to civilian life can be extremely difficult and stressful for youth who are ex-combatants or persons associated with armed forces or groups. These young men and women often lack experience in navigating civilian systems or processes such as finding accommodation, accessing services and engaging in civilian life. Pre-discharge awareness raising can be a critical component in ensuring a smooth initial transition and to begin to prepare youth for civilian life. As such, specialized sensitization programmes should be developed for youth to address the various concerns specific to this group. These programmes should take into account specific gender differences such as addressing societal expectations (e.g., for males to be the primary breadwinner, for females to fulfil traditional gender roles) and risks of stigmatization\/rejection. However, they should also be designed to prepare youth for their reintegration, including beginning to raise and where appropriate address issues such as social norms and how to resolve disagreements and disputes non-violently. Given that youth may have been socialized into violence during the period they were associated with an armed force or group, longer-term reintegration support is necessary. Sensitization should therefore focus on helping youth find solutions to the challenges they may face on their return, rather than purely identifying those challenges.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1030, "Sentence":"Given that youth may have been socialized into violence during the period they were associated with an armed force or group, longer-term reintegration support is necessary.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR given youth may socialized violence period associated armed force group longerterm reintegration support necessary ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.1 DDR programmes", "Heading3":"7.1.5 Pre-Discharge Awareness Raising", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The transition from military to civilian life can be extremely difficult and stressful for youth who are ex-combatants or persons associated with armed forces or groups. These young men and women often lack experience in navigating civilian systems or processes such as finding accommodation, accessing services and engaging in civilian life. Pre-discharge awareness raising can be a critical component in ensuring a smooth initial transition and to begin to prepare youth for civilian life. As such, specialized sensitization programmes should be developed for youth to address the various concerns specific to this group. These programmes should take into account specific gender differences such as addressing societal expectations (e.g., for males to be the primary breadwinner, for females to fulfil traditional gender roles) and risks of stigmatization\/rejection. However, they should also be designed to prepare youth for their reintegration, including beginning to raise and where appropriate address issues such as social norms and how to resolve disagreements and disputes non-violently. Given that youth may have been socialized into violence during the period they were associated with an armed force or group, longer-term reintegration support is necessary. Sensitization should therefore focus on helping youth find solutions to the challenges they may face on their return, rather than purely identifying those challenges.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1030, "Sentence":"Sensitization should therefore focus on helping youth find solutions to the challenges they may face on their return, rather than purely identifying those challenges.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR sensitization therefore focus helping youth find solution challenge may face return rather purely identifying challenge ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can be provided as part of a DDR programme, or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). For youth 15-17, reintegration support can be provided at any time (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) The guidance provided in this section is applicable to both scenarios.Reintegration is a complex mix of economic, social, political and personal factors, all of which work together. While the reintegration of youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces or groups may depend, in part, on their successful transition into the world of work, if youth retain deep-rooted grievances due to political marginalization, or face significant, unaddressed psychosocial distress, or are experiencing ongoing conflict with their family, then they are extremely unlikely to be successful in making such a transition. Additionally, if communities and other stakeholders, including the State, do not recognize or value young people\u2019s contributions, expertise, and opinions it may increase the vulnerability of youth to re-recruitment.Youth-focused reintegration support should be designed and developed in consultation with youth. From the beginning, programme components should address the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth, and be as inclusive, multisectoral, and long term as is feasible from the earliest phases.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1031, "Sentence":"Reintegration support can be provided as part of a DDR programme, or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR reintegration support provided part ddr programme precondition ddr programme place see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can be provided as part of a DDR programme, or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). For youth 15-17, reintegration support can be provided at any time (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) The guidance provided in this section is applicable to both scenarios.Reintegration is a complex mix of economic, social, political and personal factors, all of which work together. While the reintegration of youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces or groups may depend, in part, on their successful transition into the world of work, if youth retain deep-rooted grievances due to political marginalization, or face significant, unaddressed psychosocial distress, or are experiencing ongoing conflict with their family, then they are extremely unlikely to be successful in making such a transition. Additionally, if communities and other stakeholders, including the State, do not recognize or value young people\u2019s contributions, expertise, and opinions it may increase the vulnerability of youth to re-recruitment.Youth-focused reintegration support should be designed and developed in consultation with youth. From the beginning, programme components should address the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth, and be as inclusive, multisectoral, and long term as is feasible from the earliest phases.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1031, "Sentence":"For youth 15-17, reintegration support can be provided at any time (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) The guidance provided in this section is applicable to both scenarios.Reintegration is a complex mix of economic, social, political and personal factors, all of which work together.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth 1517 reintegration support provided time see iddrs 5.20 child ddr guidance provided section applicable scenarios.reintegration complex mix economic social political personal factor work together ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can be provided as part of a DDR programme, or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). For youth 15-17, reintegration support can be provided at any time (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) The guidance provided in this section is applicable to both scenarios.Reintegration is a complex mix of economic, social, political and personal factors, all of which work together. While the reintegration of youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces or groups may depend, in part, on their successful transition into the world of work, if youth retain deep-rooted grievances due to political marginalization, or face significant, unaddressed psychosocial distress, or are experiencing ongoing conflict with their family, then they are extremely unlikely to be successful in making such a transition. Additionally, if communities and other stakeholders, including the State, do not recognize or value young people\u2019s contributions, expertise, and opinions it may increase the vulnerability of youth to re-recruitment.Youth-focused reintegration support should be designed and developed in consultation with youth. From the beginning, programme components should address the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth, and be as inclusive, multisectoral, and long term as is feasible from the earliest phases.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1031, "Sentence":"While the reintegration of youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces or groups may depend, in part, on their successful transition into the world of work, if youth retain deep-rooted grievances due to political marginalization, or face significant, unaddressed psychosocial distress, or are experiencing ongoing conflict with their family, then they are extremely unlikely to be successful in making such a transition.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR reintegration youth excombatants youth formerly associated armed force group may depend part successful transition world work youth retain deeprooted grievance due political marginalization face significant unaddressed psychosocial distress experiencing ongoing conflict family extremely unlikely successful making transition ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can be provided as part of a DDR programme, or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). For youth 15-17, reintegration support can be provided at any time (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) The guidance provided in this section is applicable to both scenarios.Reintegration is a complex mix of economic, social, political and personal factors, all of which work together. While the reintegration of youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces or groups may depend, in part, on their successful transition into the world of work, if youth retain deep-rooted grievances due to political marginalization, or face significant, unaddressed psychosocial distress, or are experiencing ongoing conflict with their family, then they are extremely unlikely to be successful in making such a transition. Additionally, if communities and other stakeholders, including the State, do not recognize or value young people\u2019s contributions, expertise, and opinions it may increase the vulnerability of youth to re-recruitment.Youth-focused reintegration support should be designed and developed in consultation with youth. From the beginning, programme components should address the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth, and be as inclusive, multisectoral, and long term as is feasible from the earliest phases.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1031, "Sentence":"Additionally, if communities and other stakeholders, including the State, do not recognize or value young people\u2019s contributions, expertise, and opinions it may increase the vulnerability of youth to re-recruitment.Youth-focused reintegration support should be designed and developed in consultation with youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR additionally community stakeholder including state recognize value young people \u2019 contribution expertise opinion may increase vulnerability youth rerecruitment.youthfocused reintegration support designed developed consultation youth ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can be provided as part of a DDR programme, or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). For youth 15-17, reintegration support can be provided at any time (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR) The guidance provided in this section is applicable to both scenarios.Reintegration is a complex mix of economic, social, political and personal factors, all of which work together. While the reintegration of youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces or groups may depend, in part, on their successful transition into the world of work, if youth retain deep-rooted grievances due to political marginalization, or face significant, unaddressed psychosocial distress, or are experiencing ongoing conflict with their family, then they are extremely unlikely to be successful in making such a transition. Additionally, if communities and other stakeholders, including the State, do not recognize or value young people\u2019s contributions, expertise, and opinions it may increase the vulnerability of youth to re-recruitment.Youth-focused reintegration support should be designed and developed in consultation with youth. From the beginning, programme components should address the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth, and be as inclusive, multisectoral, and long term as is feasible from the earliest phases.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1031, "Sentence":"From the beginning, programme components should address the rights, aspirations, and perspectives of youth, and be as inclusive, multisectoral, and long term as is feasible from the earliest phases.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR beginning programme component address right aspiration perspective youth inclusive multisectoral long term feasible earliest phase ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR mental health psychosocial support need capacity identified profiling survey undertaken demobilization see appropriate support mechanism established implemented reintegration ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR necessary demobilized youth supported extended outreach mental health psychosocial support service ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR may include individual group family therapy training various communitybased psychosocial support psychological first aid technique ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR may require recruitment mental health psychosocial support professional staff outsourcing local service provider civil society ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR local provider also help address potential stigmatization relating mental health psychosocial support ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr participant beneficiary requiring and\/or requesting mental health psychosocial support access support ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR programme staff must ensure appropriate protection put place stigmatization effectively addressed.ddr practitioner consider utility variety innovative strategy help young people deal trauma ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR context example music theatre used spread information raise awareness empower youth e.g . \u2018 theatre oppressed \u2019 ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR sport cultural event strongly attract young people also great social benefit ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr practitioner aware cultural sector also provide employment ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth radio excellent way allowing youth communicate engage ddr practitioner consider supplying related equipment professional trainer ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR radio reach inform many people accessible even difficulttoreach group ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR rural cinema may also serve interactive activity youth participate ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR initiative may benefit wider social cohesion ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR strategy could result new business run civilian youth youth former member armed force group ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR may help bring youth together provide\/strengthen support networks.mental health psychosocial support intervention planned respond specific gender need ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR female youth excombatants may face several distinct challenge affect mental psychosocial health different way ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR specific experience conflict e.g . forced sexual activity childbirth abortion desertion \u2018 bush husband \u2019 reintegration e.g . rejection family community due involvement socially unacceptable activity female lack access specific employment opportunity greater caregiver duty may create subset mental health psychosocial support need programme address ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR likewise young male excombatants may face psychosocial difficulty associated conflict experience e.g . perpetrator victim sexual violence extreme violence reintegration e.g . high level posttraumatic stress appetitive aggression notion masculinity societal expectation.the capacity health social service sector assist youth mental health psychosocial support improved ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR training trainer psychological first aid communitybased technique particularly useful especially short mediumterm ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Psychosocial Support and Special Care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Mental health and psychosocial support needs and capacities should be identified during the profiling survey undertaken during demobilization (see above) and appropriate support mechanisms should be established to be implemented during reintegration. When necessary, demobilized youth should be supported through extended outreach mental health and psychosocial support services. This may include individual, group or family therapy, or training in various community-based psychosocial support and psychological first aid techniques. It may require recruitment of mental health or psychosocial support professionals as staff or outsourcing to local service providers or civil society. Local providers can also help address potential stigmatization relating to mental health and psychosocial support. All DDR participants and beneficiaries requiring and\/or requesting mental health or psychosocial support should have access to such support. Programme staff must ensure that appropriate protections are put in place and that any stigmatization is effectively addressed.DDR practitioners should consider the utility of a variety of innovative strategies to help young people deal with trauma. In some contexts, for example, music and theatre have been used to spread information, raise awareness and empower youth (e.g., \u2018theatre of the oppressed\u2019). Sports and cultural events can strongly attract young people while also having great social benefits. DDR practitioners should be aware that the cultural sector can also provide employment. Youth radio can be an excellent way of allowing youth to communicate and engage with each other and DDR practitioners should consider supplying related equipment and professional trainers. Radio can reach and inform many people and is accessible even to difficult-to-reach groups. Rural cinemas may also serve as an interactive activity in which youth can participate. Such initiatives may benefit wider social cohesion. Some of these strategies could result in new businesses run by both civilian youth and youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. This may help to bring youth together and provide\/strengthen support networks.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions should be planned to respond to specific gender needs. Female youth ex-combatants may face several distinct challenges that affect their mental and psychosocial health in different ways. Specific experience of conflict (for e.g., forced sexual activity, childbirth, abortion, desertion by \u2018bush husbands\u2019) and of reintegration (e.g., rejection by family and community due to involvement in socially unacceptable activities for a female, lack of access to specific employment opportunities, and greater care-giver duties) may create a subset of mental health and psychosocial support needs that the programme should address. Likewise, young male ex-combatants may face psychosocial difficulties associated with their conflict experience (e.g., perpetrator and victim of sexual violence, extreme violence) and reintegration (e.g., high levels of post-traumatic stress, appetitive aggression, and notions of masculinity and societal expectation).The capacity of the health and social services sectors to assist youth with mental health and psychosocial support should be improved. Training of trainers in psychological first aid and other community-based techniques can be particularly useful, especially in the short to medium-term. However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1032, "Sentence":"However, longer term planning for the health and social services sectors is required.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR however longer term planning health social service sector required ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Youth reintegration programmes should build on healthcare provided during the demobilization process to support youth to address the various health issues that may negatively impact their successful reintegration. These health interventions should be planned as a distinct component of reintegration programming rather than as ad hoc support. For more information, see IDDRS 5.70 Health and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1033, "Sentence":"Youth reintegration programmes should build on healthcare provided during the demobilization process to support youth to address the various health issues that may negatively impact their successful reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth reintegration programme build healthcare provided demobilization process support youth address various health issue may negatively impact successful reintegration ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Youth reintegration programmes should build on healthcare provided during the demobilization process to support youth to address the various health issues that may negatively impact their successful reintegration. These health interventions should be planned as a distinct component of reintegration programming rather than as ad hoc support. For more information, see IDDRS 5.70 Health and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1033, "Sentence":"These health interventions should be planned as a distinct component of reintegration programming rather than as ad hoc support.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR health intervention planned distinct component reintegration programming rather ad hoc support ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Youth reintegration programmes should build on healthcare provided during the demobilization process to support youth to address the various health issues that may negatively impact their successful reintegration. These health interventions should be planned as a distinct component of reintegration programming rather than as ad hoc support. For more information, see IDDRS 5.70 Health and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1033, "Sentence":"For more information, see IDDRS 5.70 Health and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR information see iddrs 5.70 health ddr ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Disability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Conflict-related disability can represent a significant barrier to reintegration for youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. As well as having to cope with the pain and difficulty of living with a disability, it can have a disruptive influence on employment and social engagement. Moreover, individuals with disabilities can be extremely hard to access and, as a result, have often been overlooked and excluded from meaningful reintegration support. Support for disabled youth ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should be informed by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CPRD) (see IDDRS 5.80 on Disability- Inclusive DDR). Based on the principles of non-discrimination, inclusion, participation and accessibility, compliance with the CPRD enables DDR programmes to be more inclusive of young former members of armed forces and groups with disabilities and responsive to their specific and unique needs. While young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups with disabilities should be supported through innovative employment and social protections initiatives (e.g., pensions, housing, compensation funds, land, etc.), medical and physical rehabilitation support should also be a feature of reintegration, or at the least, effective referral for necessary support.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1034, "Sentence":"Conflict-related disability can represent a significant barrier to reintegration for youth who are former members of armed forces or groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR conflictrelated disability represent significant barrier reintegration youth former member armed force group ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Disability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Conflict-related disability can represent a significant barrier to reintegration for youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. As well as having to cope with the pain and difficulty of living with a disability, it can have a disruptive influence on employment and social engagement. Moreover, individuals with disabilities can be extremely hard to access and, as a result, have often been overlooked and excluded from meaningful reintegration support. Support for disabled youth ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should be informed by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CPRD) (see IDDRS 5.80 on Disability- Inclusive DDR). Based on the principles of non-discrimination, inclusion, participation and accessibility, compliance with the CPRD enables DDR programmes to be more inclusive of young former members of armed forces and groups with disabilities and responsive to their specific and unique needs. While young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups with disabilities should be supported through innovative employment and social protections initiatives (e.g., pensions, housing, compensation funds, land, etc.), medical and physical rehabilitation support should also be a feature of reintegration, or at the least, effective referral for necessary support.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1034, "Sentence":"As well as having to cope with the pain and difficulty of living with a disability, it can have a disruptive influence on employment and social engagement.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR well cope pain difficulty living disability disruptive influence employment social engagement ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Disability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Conflict-related disability can represent a significant barrier to reintegration for youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. As well as having to cope with the pain and difficulty of living with a disability, it can have a disruptive influence on employment and social engagement. Moreover, individuals with disabilities can be extremely hard to access and, as a result, have often been overlooked and excluded from meaningful reintegration support. Support for disabled youth ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should be informed by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CPRD) (see IDDRS 5.80 on Disability- Inclusive DDR). Based on the principles of non-discrimination, inclusion, participation and accessibility, compliance with the CPRD enables DDR programmes to be more inclusive of young former members of armed forces and groups with disabilities and responsive to their specific and unique needs. While young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups with disabilities should be supported through innovative employment and social protections initiatives (e.g., pensions, housing, compensation funds, land, etc.), medical and physical rehabilitation support should also be a feature of reintegration, or at the least, effective referral for necessary support.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1034, "Sentence":"Moreover, individuals with disabilities can be extremely hard to access and, as a result, have often been overlooked and excluded from meaningful reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR moreover individual disability extremely hard access result often overlooked excluded meaningful reintegration support ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Disability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Conflict-related disability can represent a significant barrier to reintegration for youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. As well as having to cope with the pain and difficulty of living with a disability, it can have a disruptive influence on employment and social engagement. Moreover, individuals with disabilities can be extremely hard to access and, as a result, have often been overlooked and excluded from meaningful reintegration support. Support for disabled youth ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should be informed by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CPRD) (see IDDRS 5.80 on Disability- Inclusive DDR). Based on the principles of non-discrimination, inclusion, participation and accessibility, compliance with the CPRD enables DDR programmes to be more inclusive of young former members of armed forces and groups with disabilities and responsive to their specific and unique needs. While young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups with disabilities should be supported through innovative employment and social protections initiatives (e.g., pensions, housing, compensation funds, land, etc.), medical and physical rehabilitation support should also be a feature of reintegration, or at the least, effective referral for necessary support.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1034, "Sentence":"Support for disabled youth ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should be informed by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CPRD) (see IDDRS 5.80 on Disability- Inclusive DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR support disabled youth ex combatant person formerly associated armed force group informed convention right person disability cprd see iddrs 5.80 disability inclusive ddr ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Disability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Conflict-related disability can represent a significant barrier to reintegration for youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. As well as having to cope with the pain and difficulty of living with a disability, it can have a disruptive influence on employment and social engagement. Moreover, individuals with disabilities can be extremely hard to access and, as a result, have often been overlooked and excluded from meaningful reintegration support. Support for disabled youth ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should be informed by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CPRD) (see IDDRS 5.80 on Disability- Inclusive DDR). Based on the principles of non-discrimination, inclusion, participation and accessibility, compliance with the CPRD enables DDR programmes to be more inclusive of young former members of armed forces and groups with disabilities and responsive to their specific and unique needs. While young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups with disabilities should be supported through innovative employment and social protections initiatives (e.g., pensions, housing, compensation funds, land, etc.), medical and physical rehabilitation support should also be a feature of reintegration, or at the least, effective referral for necessary support.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1034, "Sentence":"Based on the principles of non-discrimination, inclusion, participation and accessibility, compliance with the CPRD enables DDR programmes to be more inclusive of young former members of armed forces and groups with disabilities and responsive to their specific and unique needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR based principle nondiscrimination inclusion participation accessibility compliance cprd enables ddr programme inclusive young former member armed force group disability responsive specific unique need ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Disability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Conflict-related disability can represent a significant barrier to reintegration for youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. As well as having to cope with the pain and difficulty of living with a disability, it can have a disruptive influence on employment and social engagement. Moreover, individuals with disabilities can be extremely hard to access and, as a result, have often been overlooked and excluded from meaningful reintegration support. Support for disabled youth ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should be informed by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CPRD) (see IDDRS 5.80 on Disability- Inclusive DDR). Based on the principles of non-discrimination, inclusion, participation and accessibility, compliance with the CPRD enables DDR programmes to be more inclusive of young former members of armed forces and groups with disabilities and responsive to their specific and unique needs. While young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups with disabilities should be supported through innovative employment and social protections initiatives (e.g., pensions, housing, compensation funds, land, etc.), medical and physical rehabilitation support should also be a feature of reintegration, or at the least, effective referral for necessary support.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1034, "Sentence":"While young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups with disabilities should be supported through innovative employment and social protections initiatives (e.g., pensions, housing, compensation funds, land, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR young excombatants person formerly associated armed force group disability supported innovative employment social protection initiative e.g . pension housing compensation fund land etc ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Disability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Conflict-related disability can represent a significant barrier to reintegration for youth who are former members of armed forces or groups. As well as having to cope with the pain and difficulty of living with a disability, it can have a disruptive influence on employment and social engagement. Moreover, individuals with disabilities can be extremely hard to access and, as a result, have often been overlooked and excluded from meaningful reintegration support. Support for disabled youth ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should be informed by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CPRD) (see IDDRS 5.80 on Disability- Inclusive DDR). Based on the principles of non-discrimination, inclusion, participation and accessibility, compliance with the CPRD enables DDR programmes to be more inclusive of young former members of armed forces and groups with disabilities and responsive to their specific and unique needs. While young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups with disabilities should be supported through innovative employment and social protections initiatives (e.g., pensions, housing, compensation funds, land, etc.), medical and physical rehabilitation support should also be a feature of reintegration, or at the least, effective referral for necessary support.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1034, "Sentence":"), medical and physical rehabilitation support should also be a feature of reintegration, or at the least, effective referral for necessary support.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR medical physical rehabilitation support also feature reintegration least effective referral necessary support ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.4 HIV\/AIDS", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Educating young people about HIV and AIDS and teaching them skills in negotiation, conflict resolution, critical thinking, self-awareness, decision-making and communication improves their self- confidence and ability to make informed choices about their own reproductive health and to keep themselves safer and healthier.Since the involvement of parents, extended families, communities, schools and peers is vital in guiding and supporting young people to make safe choices about their health and well-being, DDR practitioners should consult with agencies involved in HIV prevention strategies and ensure that any health component of DDR works together with other community-based strategies to avoid transmission of HIV and to care for those infected with HIV or who are AIDS patients. Studies have shown that a consistent, positive, emotional relationship with a caring adult helps young people feel safe and secure, allowing them to develop the resilience needed to manage challenges in their lives and to protect their sexual well-being. Mentors in DDR training programmes should therefore be trained as educators and counsellors on HIV.Young women are much more likely to be infected with HIV than young men, especially when they live in conditions of poverty, are exploited by older men, or carry out sex work to survive. Specific interventions to reduce the vulnerabilities of young women to sexually transmitted infections (STI\u2019s) should be considered to address this risk and should include young men, given the role that they may play in transmission. Respect for each other can protect both young men and young women from the dangers of forced or unwanted sex and enable them to feel comfortable discussing sexual matters and negotiating safety and protection.Youth-friendly services within reintegration programmes should offer treatment for STI\u2019s and help young people access sexual and reproductive health information and services. Voluntary and confidential HIV counselling and testing services allow young people to find out their HIV status and understand safe ways of behaving, whether they are infected or not (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1035, "Sentence":"Educating young people about HIV and AIDS and teaching them skills in negotiation, conflict resolution, critical thinking, self-awareness, decision-making and communication improves their self- confidence and ability to make informed choices about their own reproductive health and to keep themselves safer and healthier.Since the involvement of parents, extended families, communities, schools and peers is vital in guiding and supporting young people to make safe choices about their health and well-being, DDR practitioners should consult with agencies involved in HIV prevention strategies and ensure that any health component of DDR works together with other community-based strategies to avoid transmission of HIV and to care for those infected with HIV or who are AIDS patients.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR educating young people hiv aid teaching skill negotiation conflict resolution critical thinking selfawareness decisionmaking communication improves self confidence ability make informed choice reproductive health keep safer healthier.since involvement parent extended family community school peer vital guiding supporting young people make safe choice health wellbeing ddr practitioner consult agency involved hiv prevention strategy ensure health component ddr work together communitybased strategy avoid transmission hiv care infected hiv aid patient ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.4 HIV\/AIDS", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Educating young people about HIV and AIDS and teaching them skills in negotiation, conflict resolution, critical thinking, self-awareness, decision-making and communication improves their self- confidence and ability to make informed choices about their own reproductive health and to keep themselves safer and healthier.Since the involvement of parents, extended families, communities, schools and peers is vital in guiding and supporting young people to make safe choices about their health and well-being, DDR practitioners should consult with agencies involved in HIV prevention strategies and ensure that any health component of DDR works together with other community-based strategies to avoid transmission of HIV and to care for those infected with HIV or who are AIDS patients. Studies have shown that a consistent, positive, emotional relationship with a caring adult helps young people feel safe and secure, allowing them to develop the resilience needed to manage challenges in their lives and to protect their sexual well-being. Mentors in DDR training programmes should therefore be trained as educators and counsellors on HIV.Young women are much more likely to be infected with HIV than young men, especially when they live in conditions of poverty, are exploited by older men, or carry out sex work to survive. Specific interventions to reduce the vulnerabilities of young women to sexually transmitted infections (STI\u2019s) should be considered to address this risk and should include young men, given the role that they may play in transmission. Respect for each other can protect both young men and young women from the dangers of forced or unwanted sex and enable them to feel comfortable discussing sexual matters and negotiating safety and protection.Youth-friendly services within reintegration programmes should offer treatment for STI\u2019s and help young people access sexual and reproductive health information and services. Voluntary and confidential HIV counselling and testing services allow young people to find out their HIV status and understand safe ways of behaving, whether they are infected or not (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1035, "Sentence":"Studies have shown that a consistent, positive, emotional relationship with a caring adult helps young people feel safe and secure, allowing them to develop the resilience needed to manage challenges in their lives and to protect their sexual well-being.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR study shown consistent positive emotional relationship caring adult help young people feel safe secure allowing develop resilience needed manage challenge life protect sexual wellbeing ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.4 HIV\/AIDS", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Educating young people about HIV and AIDS and teaching them skills in negotiation, conflict resolution, critical thinking, self-awareness, decision-making and communication improves their self- confidence and ability to make informed choices about their own reproductive health and to keep themselves safer and healthier.Since the involvement of parents, extended families, communities, schools and peers is vital in guiding and supporting young people to make safe choices about their health and well-being, DDR practitioners should consult with agencies involved in HIV prevention strategies and ensure that any health component of DDR works together with other community-based strategies to avoid transmission of HIV and to care for those infected with HIV or who are AIDS patients. Studies have shown that a consistent, positive, emotional relationship with a caring adult helps young people feel safe and secure, allowing them to develop the resilience needed to manage challenges in their lives and to protect their sexual well-being. Mentors in DDR training programmes should therefore be trained as educators and counsellors on HIV.Young women are much more likely to be infected with HIV than young men, especially when they live in conditions of poverty, are exploited by older men, or carry out sex work to survive. Specific interventions to reduce the vulnerabilities of young women to sexually transmitted infections (STI\u2019s) should be considered to address this risk and should include young men, given the role that they may play in transmission. Respect for each other can protect both young men and young women from the dangers of forced or unwanted sex and enable them to feel comfortable discussing sexual matters and negotiating safety and protection.Youth-friendly services within reintegration programmes should offer treatment for STI\u2019s and help young people access sexual and reproductive health information and services. Voluntary and confidential HIV counselling and testing services allow young people to find out their HIV status and understand safe ways of behaving, whether they are infected or not (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1035, "Sentence":"Mentors in DDR training programmes should therefore be trained as educators and counsellors on HIV.Young women are much more likely to be infected with HIV than young men, especially when they live in conditions of poverty, are exploited by older men, or carry out sex work to survive.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR mentor ddr training programme therefore trained educator counsellor hiv.young woman much likely infected hiv young men especially live condition poverty exploited older men carry sex work survive ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.4 HIV\/AIDS", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Educating young people about HIV and AIDS and teaching them skills in negotiation, conflict resolution, critical thinking, self-awareness, decision-making and communication improves their self- confidence and ability to make informed choices about their own reproductive health and to keep themselves safer and healthier.Since the involvement of parents, extended families, communities, schools and peers is vital in guiding and supporting young people to make safe choices about their health and well-being, DDR practitioners should consult with agencies involved in HIV prevention strategies and ensure that any health component of DDR works together with other community-based strategies to avoid transmission of HIV and to care for those infected with HIV or who are AIDS patients. Studies have shown that a consistent, positive, emotional relationship with a caring adult helps young people feel safe and secure, allowing them to develop the resilience needed to manage challenges in their lives and to protect their sexual well-being. Mentors in DDR training programmes should therefore be trained as educators and counsellors on HIV.Young women are much more likely to be infected with HIV than young men, especially when they live in conditions of poverty, are exploited by older men, or carry out sex work to survive. Specific interventions to reduce the vulnerabilities of young women to sexually transmitted infections (STI\u2019s) should be considered to address this risk and should include young men, given the role that they may play in transmission. Respect for each other can protect both young men and young women from the dangers of forced or unwanted sex and enable them to feel comfortable discussing sexual matters and negotiating safety and protection.Youth-friendly services within reintegration programmes should offer treatment for STI\u2019s and help young people access sexual and reproductive health information and services. Voluntary and confidential HIV counselling and testing services allow young people to find out their HIV status and understand safe ways of behaving, whether they are infected or not (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1035, "Sentence":"Specific interventions to reduce the vulnerabilities of young women to sexually transmitted infections (STI\u2019s) should be considered to address this risk and should include young men, given the role that they may play in transmission.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR specific intervention reduce vulnerability young woman sexually transmitted infection sti \u2019 considered address risk include young men given role may play transmission ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.4 HIV\/AIDS", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Educating young people about HIV and AIDS and teaching them skills in negotiation, conflict resolution, critical thinking, self-awareness, decision-making and communication improves their self- confidence and ability to make informed choices about their own reproductive health and to keep themselves safer and healthier.Since the involvement of parents, extended families, communities, schools and peers is vital in guiding and supporting young people to make safe choices about their health and well-being, DDR practitioners should consult with agencies involved in HIV prevention strategies and ensure that any health component of DDR works together with other community-based strategies to avoid transmission of HIV and to care for those infected with HIV or who are AIDS patients. Studies have shown that a consistent, positive, emotional relationship with a caring adult helps young people feel safe and secure, allowing them to develop the resilience needed to manage challenges in their lives and to protect their sexual well-being. Mentors in DDR training programmes should therefore be trained as educators and counsellors on HIV.Young women are much more likely to be infected with HIV than young men, especially when they live in conditions of poverty, are exploited by older men, or carry out sex work to survive. Specific interventions to reduce the vulnerabilities of young women to sexually transmitted infections (STI\u2019s) should be considered to address this risk and should include young men, given the role that they may play in transmission. Respect for each other can protect both young men and young women from the dangers of forced or unwanted sex and enable them to feel comfortable discussing sexual matters and negotiating safety and protection.Youth-friendly services within reintegration programmes should offer treatment for STI\u2019s and help young people access sexual and reproductive health information and services. Voluntary and confidential HIV counselling and testing services allow young people to find out their HIV status and understand safe ways of behaving, whether they are infected or not (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1035, "Sentence":"Respect for each other can protect both young men and young women from the dangers of forced or unwanted sex and enable them to feel comfortable discussing sexual matters and negotiating safety and protection.Youth-friendly services within reintegration programmes should offer treatment for STI\u2019s and help young people access sexual and reproductive health information and services.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR respect protect young men young woman danger forced unwanted sex enable feel comfortable discussing sexual matter negotiating safety protection.youthfriendly service within reintegration programme offer treatment sti \u2019 help young people access sexual reproductive health information service ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.4 HIV\/AIDS", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Educating young people about HIV and AIDS and teaching them skills in negotiation, conflict resolution, critical thinking, self-awareness, decision-making and communication improves their self- confidence and ability to make informed choices about their own reproductive health and to keep themselves safer and healthier.Since the involvement of parents, extended families, communities, schools and peers is vital in guiding and supporting young people to make safe choices about their health and well-being, DDR practitioners should consult with agencies involved in HIV prevention strategies and ensure that any health component of DDR works together with other community-based strategies to avoid transmission of HIV and to care for those infected with HIV or who are AIDS patients. Studies have shown that a consistent, positive, emotional relationship with a caring adult helps young people feel safe and secure, allowing them to develop the resilience needed to manage challenges in their lives and to protect their sexual well-being. Mentors in DDR training programmes should therefore be trained as educators and counsellors on HIV.Young women are much more likely to be infected with HIV than young men, especially when they live in conditions of poverty, are exploited by older men, or carry out sex work to survive. Specific interventions to reduce the vulnerabilities of young women to sexually transmitted infections (STI\u2019s) should be considered to address this risk and should include young men, given the role that they may play in transmission. Respect for each other can protect both young men and young women from the dangers of forced or unwanted sex and enable them to feel comfortable discussing sexual matters and negotiating safety and protection.Youth-friendly services within reintegration programmes should offer treatment for STI\u2019s and help young people access sexual and reproductive health information and services. Voluntary and confidential HIV counselling and testing services allow young people to find out their HIV status and understand safe ways of behaving, whether they are infected or not (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1035, "Sentence":"Voluntary and confidential HIV counselling and testing services allow young people to find out their HIV status and understand safe ways of behaving, whether they are infected or not (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR voluntary confidential hiv counselling testing service allow young people find hiv status understand safe way behaving whether infected see iddrs 5.60 hiv\/aids ddr ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.5 Drug and Alcohol Addiction", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Many youths may have habitually taken or been given drugs as combatants. In some war zones, commanders routinely give drugs to youngsters to make them dependent on the group, more obedient, and reduce their resistance to committing violent acts or crimes. At the end of the conflict, some youth may fall into drug and alcohol abuse as a coping mechanism.Reintegration programmes should make a particular effort to deal with the issue of the harmful use of drugs and alcohol by young combatants, including through the provision of drug\/alcohol abuse treatment and\/or the provision of referral services. In many countries, the use of such substances seriously undermines the effective implementation of youth employment and reintegration programmes. If young combatants are provided with money to start their businesses while they are not fully detoxed and rehabilitated from drugs they were using during combat, their reintegration is less likely to be successful. A fear that ex-combatants are habitual drug users is also an important reason why employers may be unwilling to recruit these individuals (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1036, "Sentence":"Many youths may have habitually taken or been given drugs as combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR many youth may habitually taken given drug combatant ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.5 Drug and Alcohol Addiction", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Many youths may have habitually taken or been given drugs as combatants. In some war zones, commanders routinely give drugs to youngsters to make them dependent on the group, more obedient, and reduce their resistance to committing violent acts or crimes. At the end of the conflict, some youth may fall into drug and alcohol abuse as a coping mechanism.Reintegration programmes should make a particular effort to deal with the issue of the harmful use of drugs and alcohol by young combatants, including through the provision of drug\/alcohol abuse treatment and\/or the provision of referral services. In many countries, the use of such substances seriously undermines the effective implementation of youth employment and reintegration programmes. If young combatants are provided with money to start their businesses while they are not fully detoxed and rehabilitated from drugs they were using during combat, their reintegration is less likely to be successful. A fear that ex-combatants are habitual drug users is also an important reason why employers may be unwilling to recruit these individuals (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1036, "Sentence":"In some war zones, commanders routinely give drugs to youngsters to make them dependent on the group, more obedient, and reduce their resistance to committing violent acts or crimes.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR war zone commander routinely give drug youngster make dependent group obedient reduce resistance committing violent act crime ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.5 Drug and Alcohol Addiction", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Many youths may have habitually taken or been given drugs as combatants. In some war zones, commanders routinely give drugs to youngsters to make them dependent on the group, more obedient, and reduce their resistance to committing violent acts or crimes. At the end of the conflict, some youth may fall into drug and alcohol abuse as a coping mechanism.Reintegration programmes should make a particular effort to deal with the issue of the harmful use of drugs and alcohol by young combatants, including through the provision of drug\/alcohol abuse treatment and\/or the provision of referral services. In many countries, the use of such substances seriously undermines the effective implementation of youth employment and reintegration programmes. If young combatants are provided with money to start their businesses while they are not fully detoxed and rehabilitated from drugs they were using during combat, their reintegration is less likely to be successful. A fear that ex-combatants are habitual drug users is also an important reason why employers may be unwilling to recruit these individuals (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1036, "Sentence":"At the end of the conflict, some youth may fall into drug and alcohol abuse as a coping mechanism.Reintegration programmes should make a particular effort to deal with the issue of the harmful use of drugs and alcohol by young combatants, including through the provision of drug\/alcohol abuse treatment and\/or the provision of referral services.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR end conflict youth may fall drug alcohol abuse coping mechanism.reintegration programme make particular effort deal issue harmful use drug alcohol young combatant including provision drug\/alcohol abuse treatment and\/or provision referral service ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.5 Drug and Alcohol Addiction", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Many youths may have habitually taken or been given drugs as combatants. In some war zones, commanders routinely give drugs to youngsters to make them dependent on the group, more obedient, and reduce their resistance to committing violent acts or crimes. At the end of the conflict, some youth may fall into drug and alcohol abuse as a coping mechanism.Reintegration programmes should make a particular effort to deal with the issue of the harmful use of drugs and alcohol by young combatants, including through the provision of drug\/alcohol abuse treatment and\/or the provision of referral services. In many countries, the use of such substances seriously undermines the effective implementation of youth employment and reintegration programmes. If young combatants are provided with money to start their businesses while they are not fully detoxed and rehabilitated from drugs they were using during combat, their reintegration is less likely to be successful. A fear that ex-combatants are habitual drug users is also an important reason why employers may be unwilling to recruit these individuals (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1036, "Sentence":"In many countries, the use of such substances seriously undermines the effective implementation of youth employment and reintegration programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR many country use substance seriously undermines effective implementation youth employment reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.5 Drug and Alcohol Addiction", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Many youths may have habitually taken or been given drugs as combatants. In some war zones, commanders routinely give drugs to youngsters to make them dependent on the group, more obedient, and reduce their resistance to committing violent acts or crimes. At the end of the conflict, some youth may fall into drug and alcohol abuse as a coping mechanism.Reintegration programmes should make a particular effort to deal with the issue of the harmful use of drugs and alcohol by young combatants, including through the provision of drug\/alcohol abuse treatment and\/or the provision of referral services. In many countries, the use of such substances seriously undermines the effective implementation of youth employment and reintegration programmes. If young combatants are provided with money to start their businesses while they are not fully detoxed and rehabilitated from drugs they were using during combat, their reintegration is less likely to be successful. A fear that ex-combatants are habitual drug users is also an important reason why employers may be unwilling to recruit these individuals (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1036, "Sentence":"If young combatants are provided with money to start their businesses while they are not fully detoxed and rehabilitated from drugs they were using during combat, their reintegration is less likely to be successful.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR young combatant provided money start business fully detoxed rehabilitated drug using combat reintegration le likely successful ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.5 Drug and Alcohol Addiction", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Many youths may have habitually taken or been given drugs as combatants. In some war zones, commanders routinely give drugs to youngsters to make them dependent on the group, more obedient, and reduce their resistance to committing violent acts or crimes. At the end of the conflict, some youth may fall into drug and alcohol abuse as a coping mechanism.Reintegration programmes should make a particular effort to deal with the issue of the harmful use of drugs and alcohol by young combatants, including through the provision of drug\/alcohol abuse treatment and\/or the provision of referral services. In many countries, the use of such substances seriously undermines the effective implementation of youth employment and reintegration programmes. If young combatants are provided with money to start their businesses while they are not fully detoxed and rehabilitated from drugs they were using during combat, their reintegration is less likely to be successful. A fear that ex-combatants are habitual drug users is also an important reason why employers may be unwilling to recruit these individuals (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1036, "Sentence":"A fear that ex-combatants are habitual drug users is also an important reason why employers may be unwilling to recruit these individuals (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR fear excombatants habitual drug user also important reason employer may unwilling recruit individual also see iddrs 5.70 health ddr ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.6 Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Life skills represent a key aspect of reintegration. Youth face greater levels of responsibility than children but may have had their education or personal development interrupted due to armed conflict. Youth may be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles for which they may not be prepared. For female youth, strengthening life skills can facilitate the development of mechanisms to help overcome societal pressures and obstacles, positively influence the role of women in peacebuilding, and ensure that any elevation in their position during the conflict is not lost in civilian life. For male youth, improved life skills can help address negative aspects of contextual notions of masculinity and increase their ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways.Investment in life skills development for all youth must be considered of critical importance for DDR practitioners. This should be seen as a key reintegration strategy and should be mainstreamed throughout all the main components of reintegration programming. Examples of the type of life skills that may be developed through reintegration support are outlined in Table 1 below. When reintegration is being supported as part of a DDR programme, the life skills to be developed should be determined by the findings from the profiling survey conducted during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1037, "Sentence":"Life skills represent a key aspect of reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR life skill represent key aspect reintegration ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.6 Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Life skills represent a key aspect of reintegration. Youth face greater levels of responsibility than children but may have had their education or personal development interrupted due to armed conflict. Youth may be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles for which they may not be prepared. For female youth, strengthening life skills can facilitate the development of mechanisms to help overcome societal pressures and obstacles, positively influence the role of women in peacebuilding, and ensure that any elevation in their position during the conflict is not lost in civilian life. For male youth, improved life skills can help address negative aspects of contextual notions of masculinity and increase their ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways.Investment in life skills development for all youth must be considered of critical importance for DDR practitioners. This should be seen as a key reintegration strategy and should be mainstreamed throughout all the main components of reintegration programming. Examples of the type of life skills that may be developed through reintegration support are outlined in Table 1 below. When reintegration is being supported as part of a DDR programme, the life skills to be developed should be determined by the findings from the profiling survey conducted during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1037, "Sentence":"Youth face greater levels of responsibility than children but may have had their education or personal development interrupted due to armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth face greater level responsibility child may education personal development interrupted due armed conflict ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.6 Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Life skills represent a key aspect of reintegration. Youth face greater levels of responsibility than children but may have had their education or personal development interrupted due to armed conflict. Youth may be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles for which they may not be prepared. For female youth, strengthening life skills can facilitate the development of mechanisms to help overcome societal pressures and obstacles, positively influence the role of women in peacebuilding, and ensure that any elevation in their position during the conflict is not lost in civilian life. For male youth, improved life skills can help address negative aspects of contextual notions of masculinity and increase their ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways.Investment in life skills development for all youth must be considered of critical importance for DDR practitioners. This should be seen as a key reintegration strategy and should be mainstreamed throughout all the main components of reintegration programming. Examples of the type of life skills that may be developed through reintegration support are outlined in Table 1 below. When reintegration is being supported as part of a DDR programme, the life skills to be developed should be determined by the findings from the profiling survey conducted during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1037, "Sentence":"Youth may be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles for which they may not be prepared.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth may expected work support family take leadership role may prepared ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.6 Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Life skills represent a key aspect of reintegration. Youth face greater levels of responsibility than children but may have had their education or personal development interrupted due to armed conflict. Youth may be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles for which they may not be prepared. For female youth, strengthening life skills can facilitate the development of mechanisms to help overcome societal pressures and obstacles, positively influence the role of women in peacebuilding, and ensure that any elevation in their position during the conflict is not lost in civilian life. For male youth, improved life skills can help address negative aspects of contextual notions of masculinity and increase their ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways.Investment in life skills development for all youth must be considered of critical importance for DDR practitioners. This should be seen as a key reintegration strategy and should be mainstreamed throughout all the main components of reintegration programming. Examples of the type of life skills that may be developed through reintegration support are outlined in Table 1 below. When reintegration is being supported as part of a DDR programme, the life skills to be developed should be determined by the findings from the profiling survey conducted during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1037, "Sentence":"For female youth, strengthening life skills can facilitate the development of mechanisms to help overcome societal pressures and obstacles, positively influence the role of women in peacebuilding, and ensure that any elevation in their position during the conflict is not lost in civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR female youth strengthening life skill facilitate development mechanism help overcome societal pressure obstacle positively influence role woman peacebuilding ensure elevation position conflict lost civilian life ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.6 Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Life skills represent a key aspect of reintegration. Youth face greater levels of responsibility than children but may have had their education or personal development interrupted due to armed conflict. Youth may be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles for which they may not be prepared. For female youth, strengthening life skills can facilitate the development of mechanisms to help overcome societal pressures and obstacles, positively influence the role of women in peacebuilding, and ensure that any elevation in their position during the conflict is not lost in civilian life. For male youth, improved life skills can help address negative aspects of contextual notions of masculinity and increase their ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways.Investment in life skills development for all youth must be considered of critical importance for DDR practitioners. This should be seen as a key reintegration strategy and should be mainstreamed throughout all the main components of reintegration programming. Examples of the type of life skills that may be developed through reintegration support are outlined in Table 1 below. When reintegration is being supported as part of a DDR programme, the life skills to be developed should be determined by the findings from the profiling survey conducted during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1037, "Sentence":"For male youth, improved life skills can help address negative aspects of contextual notions of masculinity and increase their ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways.Investment in life skills development for all youth must be considered of critical importance for DDR practitioners.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR male youth improved life skill help address negative aspect contextual notion masculinity increase ability resolve conflict nonviolent ways.investment life skill development youth must considered critical importance ddr practitioner ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.6 Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Life skills represent a key aspect of reintegration. Youth face greater levels of responsibility than children but may have had their education or personal development interrupted due to armed conflict. Youth may be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles for which they may not be prepared. For female youth, strengthening life skills can facilitate the development of mechanisms to help overcome societal pressures and obstacles, positively influence the role of women in peacebuilding, and ensure that any elevation in their position during the conflict is not lost in civilian life. For male youth, improved life skills can help address negative aspects of contextual notions of masculinity and increase their ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways.Investment in life skills development for all youth must be considered of critical importance for DDR practitioners. This should be seen as a key reintegration strategy and should be mainstreamed throughout all the main components of reintegration programming. Examples of the type of life skills that may be developed through reintegration support are outlined in Table 1 below. When reintegration is being supported as part of a DDR programme, the life skills to be developed should be determined by the findings from the profiling survey conducted during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1037, "Sentence":"This should be seen as a key reintegration strategy and should be mainstreamed throughout all the main components of reintegration programming.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR seen key reintegration strategy mainstreamed throughout main component reintegration programming ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.6 Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Life skills represent a key aspect of reintegration. Youth face greater levels of responsibility than children but may have had their education or personal development interrupted due to armed conflict. Youth may be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles for which they may not be prepared. For female youth, strengthening life skills can facilitate the development of mechanisms to help overcome societal pressures and obstacles, positively influence the role of women in peacebuilding, and ensure that any elevation in their position during the conflict is not lost in civilian life. For male youth, improved life skills can help address negative aspects of contextual notions of masculinity and increase their ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways.Investment in life skills development for all youth must be considered of critical importance for DDR practitioners. This should be seen as a key reintegration strategy and should be mainstreamed throughout all the main components of reintegration programming. Examples of the type of life skills that may be developed through reintegration support are outlined in Table 1 below. When reintegration is being supported as part of a DDR programme, the life skills to be developed should be determined by the findings from the profiling survey conducted during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1037, "Sentence":"Examples of the type of life skills that may be developed through reintegration support are outlined in Table 1 below.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR example type life skill may developed reintegration support outlined table 1 ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.6 Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Life skills represent a key aspect of reintegration. Youth face greater levels of responsibility than children but may have had their education or personal development interrupted due to armed conflict. Youth may be expected to work, support family, and take on leadership roles for which they may not be prepared. For female youth, strengthening life skills can facilitate the development of mechanisms to help overcome societal pressures and obstacles, positively influence the role of women in peacebuilding, and ensure that any elevation in their position during the conflict is not lost in civilian life. For male youth, improved life skills can help address negative aspects of contextual notions of masculinity and increase their ability to resolve conflict in non-violent ways.Investment in life skills development for all youth must be considered of critical importance for DDR practitioners. This should be seen as a key reintegration strategy and should be mainstreamed throughout all the main components of reintegration programming. Examples of the type of life skills that may be developed through reintegration support are outlined in Table 1 below. When reintegration is being supported as part of a DDR programme, the life skills to be developed should be determined by the findings from the profiling survey conducted during demobilization.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1037, "Sentence":"When reintegration is being supported as part of a DDR programme, the life skills to be developed should be determined by the findings from the profiling survey conducted during demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR reintegration supported part ddr programme life skill developed determined finding profiling survey conducted demobilization ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR young person \u2019 level education often determine whether make successful transition world work ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR also evidence keeping young people school slows transmission hiv\/aids mental health psychosocial benefit youth affected armed conflict see iddrs 5.60 hiv\/aids ddr ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR although lack primary education normally problem affect younger child increasing number conflictaffected country low literacy become major problem among youth.time spent armed force group result loss educational opportunity ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR turn create barrier socioeconomic reintegration youth often faced pressure provide family ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR contrast return education help foster sense normalcy including social interaction student assist element reintegration ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR explained detail iddrs 5.20 child ddr transitioning military civilian life youth may reluctant resume formal basic education feel embarrassed attend school child much younger age caregiving responsibility simply heavy allow time study without earning income ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR cost prohibitive older youth may pressured employment ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth return education many experience diminished educational attainment ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR may due inability concentrate trauma experienced due absence teacher experience capacity deal obstacle learning face.obstacles education youth excombatants person associated armed force group must overcome reintegration successful ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth feel stigmatized lost opportunity acquire education served armed force group became refugee able attend school reason ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth also prevented attending school due cost parent hold responsibility e.g . main household earner ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR best solution may provide youth missed education accelerated learning programme alp designed tailored older learner compatible recognized formal system education see section 7.9.4 iddrs 5.20 child ddr ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR may require development creative modality provision catchup education order remain sensitive need youth overcome obstacle maximize accessibility ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR example \/\/n begin education basic literacy numeracy primary education demobilization begin youth trajectory enable easier integration formal education ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"\/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR \/\/n develop education programme different subset youth former member armed force group best take account ability learn level development maturity e.g . remedial education ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"\/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR \/\/n provide initial bridging education separate facility short time build minimal level educational attainment entering mainstream class ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"\/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR \/\/n train mentor teacher provision education vulnerable atrisk youth ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"\/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR \/\/n train teacher promote peaceful coexistence adapt curriculum accordingly ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"\/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR \/\/n provide childcare facility school offering education youth allow young mother youth responsibility dependent attend ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR childcare free include feeding\/nutritional programme ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"\/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR \/\/n deliver vocational training parttime basis possible use rest week regular catchup education ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR mix education vocational training provides former combatant broader basis finding longterm employment simple vocational training ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A young person\u2019s level of education will often determine whether he or she makes a successful transition into the world of work. There is also evidence that keeping young people in school slows the transmission of HIV\/AIDS and has other mental health and psychosocial benefits for youth affected by armed conflict (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Although a lack of primary education is normally a problem that only affects younger children, in an increasing number of conflict-affected countries, low literacy has become a major problem among youth.Time spent with an armed force or group results in a loss of educational opportunities. This in turn can create barriers to socioeconomic (re)integration, as youth are often faced with pressure to provide for themselves and their families. In contrast, a return to education can help to foster a sense of normalcy, including social interaction with other students, that assists with other elements of reintegration. As explained in detail in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR, when transitioning from military to civilian life, youth may be reluctant to resume formal basic education because they feel embarrassed to attend schools with children of a much younger age, or because their care-giving responsibilities are simply too heavy to allow them the time to study without earning an income. Costs can be prohibitive, and older youth may be pressured into employment. For those youth who do return to education, many experience diminished educational attainment. This may be due to an inability to concentrate because of the trauma they experienced, or due to the absence of teachers with the experience and capacity to deal with the obstacles to learning that they face.Obstacles to the education of youth who are ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces or groups must be overcome if their reintegration is to be successful. Youth should not feel stigmatized because they lost the opportunity to acquire an education, served in armed forces or groups, became refugees, or were not able to attend school for other reasons. Youth should also not be prevented from attending school due to costs, or because they are parents or hold other responsibilities (e.g., main household earner). The best solution may be to provide youth who have missed out on education with Accelerated Learning Programmes (ALP), which are designed and tailored for older learners and that are compatible with and recognized by the formal system of education (see section 7.9.4 in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). This may require the development of creative modalities for the provision of catch-up education in order to remain sensitive to the needs of youth, overcome obstacles, and maximize accessibility. For example: \/\/n Begin education (basic literacy, numeracy and primary education) during demobilization and begin youth on a trajectory that will enable easier integration into formal education. \/\/n Develop education programmes for different subsets of youth who are former members of armed forces and groups to best take into account their ability to learn and their level of development and maturity (e.g., through remedial education). \/\/n Provide initial bridging education in separate facilities (for a short time only) to build up to a minimal level of educational attainment before entering mainstream classes. \/\/n Train and mentor teachers in the provision of education to vulnerable, at-risk youth. \/\/n Train teachers to promote peaceful coexistence and adapt curricula accordingly. \/\/n Provide child-care facilities at all schools offering education for youth, to allow young mothers and youth who have responsibilities for dependents to attend. Childcare should be free and include a feeding\/nutritional programme. \/\/n Deliver vocational training on a part-time basis, so that it is possible to use the rest of the week for regular catch-up education. The mix of education and vocational training provides former combatants with a broader basis for finding long-term employment than simple vocational training. This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1038, "Sentence":"This system has the additional advantage of increasing the number of places available at training centres, which exist only in a limited number, as trainees will only attend two half-days of training a week, allowing many more people to be trained than if only one group attended full-time.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR system additional advantage increasing number place available training centre exist limited number trainee attend two halfdays training week allowing many people trained one group attended fulltime ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR vocational training play key role successful reintegration young excombatants person formerly associated armed force group increasing chance effectively participate labour market ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR providing youth mean acquire \u2018 employable skill \u2019 vocational training increase selfesteem build confidence helping young people regain respect appreciation community.most armed conflict result disruption training economic system time spent armed force group many young excombatants person associated armed force group acquire skill lead job sustainable livelihood ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR time reconstruction recovery conflictaffected country requires large number skilled unskilled person ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR training provision need reflect balance demand supply well aspiration youth ddr participant beneficiaries.ddr practitioner develop strong network local business agriculturalist area operation early possible engage key stakeholder reintegration process enhance employment livelihood option posttraining ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR partnership private sector established early identify specific employment opportunity youth posttraining ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR could include development apprenticeship programme see entering memoranda understanding mous local chamber commerce orientation event bringing together key business community leader local authority service provider trade union youth participant ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr practitioner explore opportunity collaborate vocational training institute see could adapt programme specifically cater demobilized youth.employers \u2019 agriculturalist trade union important partner may identify growth sector economy provide assistance advice vocational training agency ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR help identify list national core competency curriculum create system national recognition competencies\/curricula ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR employer \u2019 organization also encourage member offer onthejob training young employee explaining benefit business increased productivity competitiveness reduced job turnover recruitment expenses.systematic data labour market quantitative qualitative capacity training partner may unavailable conflictaffected country ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR engagement business agriculturalist service provider national subnational local level therefore vital fill knowledge gap realtime sensitize actor challenge faced youth excombatants person formerly associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr practitioner also explore opportunity collaborate national local authority un agencies\/programmes relevant\/appropriate actor promote restoration training facility institution apprenticeship education training programme capacity building trainers.for youth little experience decent work vocational training include broad range training livelihood option provide young people choice control decisionmaking affect life ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR rural setting agricultural animal husbandry veterinary related skill may valuable marketable ignored option ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR specifically consideration given type training female youth would prefer rather limiting training role traditionally associated female .the level training also match need local economy increase probability employment skill expectation youth match labour market need training modality developed appropriately reflect learning need youth deprived much schooling ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth may experienced trauma loss mental health psychosocial support available training need ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR vocational training modality also specifically consider dependant particularly young woman enable sustained access training programme ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR may include supporting access social protection measure kindergarten form childcare ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR addition important understand motivation interest young people part facilitating match training local economy needs.young people require learning strategy allow learn pace ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR learning approach interactive utilize appropriate new technology particularly attempting extend skill training hardtoreach youth ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR may include digital resource elearning well mobile skillsbuilding facility ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR role trainer involved programme facilitator encourages active learning support teamwork provides positive adult \u2018 role model \u2019 young participant ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR traditional supplydriven instructororiented training method avoided.where possible order prepare young people previous work experience highly competitive labour market vocational training paired apprenticeship and\/or onthejob training opportunity ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR trainee combine skill learning practical experience norm value productivity competition world work ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr practitioner also plan staff development activity aim training existing newly recruited vocational trainer address specific need experience young ddr participant beneficiaries.youth excombatants person formerly associated armed force group experience frustration hopelessness find job involved ineffective poorly targeted training programme ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR feeling make rerecruitment likely ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR one clearest lesson learned past ddr programme even training young combatant often struggle succeed weak economy damaged war adult ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR business owned former member armed force group regularly fail due market saturation competition highly qualified people already running kind business limited experience business startup management development limited cash available pay good service postwar society ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth may also competition limited job opportunity experienced adults.to address issue reintegration programme effectively empower youth combining several skill one course e.g . home economics tailoring pastry soap making ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR possession range skill greatly improves employability young people ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR also providing easytolearn skill mobile phone repair make young people le vulnerable adaptable rapidly changing market demand ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR together acquisition business skill life skill see help young people become effective market ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR depending context agricultural animal husbandry veterinary related skill considered.training demobilized youth trade might identify preference avoided trade required labour market ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR feeling frustration helplessness might caused people take arm first place increase find employment training could increase risk rerecruitment ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR training apprenticeship programme adapted young people \u2019 ability interest need enable complete programme boost employment prospect bolster self confidence ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR commitment motivating young people realize potential vital part successful programming implementation.this achieved greater involvement youth participant business community reintegration programming design ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR enable realistic appreciation economic context identification interesting nonstandard alternative long lead sustainable job prospect livelihood development initial relationship ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR effective career livelihood counselling central process therefore necessary recruit ddr staff skill vocational technical training provision also working youth ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.8 Vocational training", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Vocational training can play a key role in the successful reintegration of young ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups by increasing their chances to effectively participate in the labour market. By providing youth with the means to acquire \u2018employable skills,\u2019 vocational training can increase self-esteem and build confidence, while helping young people to (re)gain respect and appreciation from the community.Most armed conflicts result in the disruption of training and economic systems and, because of time spent in armed forces or groups, many young ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups do not acquire the skills that lead to a job or to sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, the reconstruction and recovery of a conflict-affected country requires large numbers of skilled and unskilled persons. Training provision needs to reflect the balance between demand and supply, as well as the aspirations of youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.DDR practitioners should develop strong networks with local businesses and agriculturalists in their area of operation as early as possible to engage them as key stakeholders in the reintegration process and to enhance employment and livelihood options post-training. Partnerships with the private sector should be established early on to identify specific employment opportunities for youth post-training. This could include the development of apprenticeship programmes (see below), entering into Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with local chambers of commerce or orientation events bringing together key business and community leaders, local authorities, service providers, trade unions, and youth participants. DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to collaborate with vocational training institutes to see how they could adapt their programmes to specifically cater for demobilized youth.Employers\u2019, agriculturalists, and trade unions are important partners, as they may identify growth sectors in the economy, and provide assistance and advice to vocational training agencies. They can help to identify a list of national core competencies or curricula and create a system for national recognition of these competencies\/curricula. Employers\u2019 organizations can also encourage their members to offer on-the-job training to young employees by explaining the benefits to their businesses such as increased productivity and competitiveness, and reduced job turn-over and recruitment expenses.Systematic data on the labour market and on the quantitative and qualitative capacities of training partners may be unavailable in conflict-affected countries. Engagement with businesses, agriculturalists, and service providers at the national, sub-national and local levels is therefore vital to fill these knowledge gaps in real-time, and to sensitize these actors on the challenges faced by youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should also explore opportunities to collaborate with national and local authorities, other UN agencies\/programmes and any other relevant\/appropriate actors to promote the restoration of training facilities and institutions, apprenticeship education and training programmes, and the capacity building of trainers.For youth who have little or no experience of decent work, vocational training should include a broad range of training and livelihood options to provide young people with choice and control over decision-making that affects their lives. In rural settings, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills may be more valuable and more marketable and should not be ignored as options. Specifically, consideration should be given to the type of training that female youth would prefer, rather than limiting them to training for roles that have traditionally been associated with females .The level of training should also match the need of the local economy to increase the probability of employment, so that the skills and expectations of youth match labour market needs, and training modalities should be developed to most appropriately reflect the learning needs of youth deprived of much of their schooling. As youth may have experienced trauma or loss, mental health and psychosocial support should be available during training to those who need it. Vocational training modalities should also specifically consider those with dependants (particularly young women) to enable them sustained access to training programmes. This may include supporting access to social protection measures such as kindergarten or other forms of childcare. In addition, it is important to understand the motivations and interests of young people as part of facilitating a match of training with the local economy needs.Young people require learning strategies that allow them to learn at their own pace. Learning approaches should be interactive and utilize appropriate new technologies, particularly when attempting to extend skills training to hard-to-reach youth. This may include digital resources and eLearning, as well as mobile skills-building facilities. The role of the trainer involved in these programmes should be that of a facilitator who encourages active learning, supports teamwork and provides a positive adult \u2018role model\u2019 for young participants. Traditional supply-driven and instructor-oriented training methods should be avoided.Where possible, and in order to prepare young people with no previous work experience for the highly competitive labour market, vocational training should be paired with apprenticeship and\/or on-the-job training opportunities. Trainees can then combine the skills they are learning with practical experience of norms and values, productivity and competition in the world of work. DDR practitioners should also plan staff development activities that aim at training existing or newly recruited vocational trainers in how to address the specific needs and experiences of young DDR participants and beneficiaries.Youth ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups can experience further frustration and hopelessness if they do not find a job after having been involved in ineffective or poorly targeted training programme. These feelings can make re-recruitment more likely. One of the clearest lessons learned from past DDR programmes is that even after training, young combatants often struggle to succeed in weak economies that have been damaged by war, as do adults. Businesses owned by former members of armed forces and groups regularly fail due to market saturation, competition with highly qualified people already running the same kinds of businesses, limited experience in business start-up, management and development, and because of the very limited cash available to pay for goods and services in post-war societies. Youth may also be in competition for limited job opportunities with more experienced adults.To address these issues, reintegration programmes should more effectively empower youth by combining several skills in one course, e.g., home economics with tailoring, pastry or soap- making. This is because possession of a range of skills greatly improves the employability of young people. Also, providing easy-to-learn skills such as mobile phone repair makes young people less vulnerable and more adaptable to rapidly changing market demands. Together the acquisition of business skills and life skills (see above) can help young people become more effective in the market. Depending on the context, agricultural and animal husbandry, veterinary, and related skills should be considered.Training demobilized youth in trades they might identify as their preference should be avoided if the trades are not required in the labour market. The feeling of frustration and helplessness that might have caused people to take up arms in the first place only increases when they cannot find employment after training and could increase the risk of re-recruitment. Training and apprenticeship programmes should be adapted to young people\u2019s abilities, interests and needs, to enable them to complete the programme, which will both boost their employment prospects and bolster their self- confidence. A commitment to motivating young people to realize their potential is a vital part of successful programming and implementation.This can be achieved through greater involvement of both youth participants and the business community in reintegration programming and design. This can enable a more realistic appreciation of the economic context, the identification of interesting but non-standard alternatives (so long as they can lead to sustainable job prospects or livelihoods), and the development of initial relationships. Effective career or livelihood counselling will be central to this process, and it is therefore necessary to recruit DDR staff with skills not only in vocational and technical training provision, but also in working with youth. Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1039, "Sentence":"Where such capacities are not evident it is important to invest in capacity development before DDR staff make contact with programme participants.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR capacity evident important invest capacity development ddr staff make contact programme participant ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.9 Employment Services", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Vocational training should be accompanied by high quality employment counselling and livelihood or career guidance. Young people who have been engaged with an armed force or armed group may have no experience of looking for employment, no professional contacts, and may not know what they can do or even want to do. Employment counselling, career guidance and labour market information that is grounded in the realities of the context can help youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with an armed force or group to: \\n manage the change from the military to civilian life and from childhood to adulthood; \\n understand the labour market; \\n identify opportunities for work and learning; \\n build important attitudes and life skills; \\n make decisions; \\n plan their career and life.Employment counselling and career and livelihood guidance should match the skills and aspirations of youth who have transitioned to civilian status with employment or education and training opportunities. Counselling and guidance should be offered as early as possible (and at an early stage of the DDR programme if one exists), so that they can play a key role in designing employment programmes, identifying education and training opportunities, and helping young ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups make realistic choices. Female youth and youth with disabilities should receive tailored support to make choices that appropriately reflect their wishes rather than being pressured into following a career path that fits with social norms. This will require significant work with service providers, employers, family and the wider community to sensitize on these issues, and may necessitate additional training, capacity building and orientation of DDR staff to ensure that this is done effectively.Employment counsellors should work closely with the business community and youth both before and during vocational training. Employment services including counselling, career guidance, and directing young people to the appropriate jobs and educational institutions should also be offered to all young people seeking employment, not only those previously engaged with armed forces or groups. Such a community-based approach will demonstrate the benefit of accepting returning former members of armed forces and groups into the community. Employment and livelihood services must build on existing national structures and are normally under the control of the ministry of labour and\/or youth. DDR practitioners should be aware of fair recruitment principles and guidelines 3 and how they may apply to a DDR context when seeking to promote employment through both public employment services and private recruitment agencies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1040, "Sentence":"Vocational training should be accompanied by high quality employment counselling and livelihood or career guidance.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR vocational training accompanied high quality employment counselling livelihood career guidance ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.9 Employment Services", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Vocational training should be accompanied by high quality employment counselling and livelihood or career guidance. Young people who have been engaged with an armed force or armed group may have no experience of looking for employment, no professional contacts, and may not know what they can do or even want to do. Employment counselling, career guidance and labour market information that is grounded in the realities of the context can help youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with an armed force or group to: \\n manage the change from the military to civilian life and from childhood to adulthood; \\n understand the labour market; \\n identify opportunities for work and learning; \\n build important attitudes and life skills; \\n make decisions; \\n plan their career and life.Employment counselling and career and livelihood guidance should match the skills and aspirations of youth who have transitioned to civilian status with employment or education and training opportunities. Counselling and guidance should be offered as early as possible (and at an early stage of the DDR programme if one exists), so that they can play a key role in designing employment programmes, identifying education and training opportunities, and helping young ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups make realistic choices. Female youth and youth with disabilities should receive tailored support to make choices that appropriately reflect their wishes rather than being pressured into following a career path that fits with social norms. This will require significant work with service providers, employers, family and the wider community to sensitize on these issues, and may necessitate additional training, capacity building and orientation of DDR staff to ensure that this is done effectively.Employment counsellors should work closely with the business community and youth both before and during vocational training. Employment services including counselling, career guidance, and directing young people to the appropriate jobs and educational institutions should also be offered to all young people seeking employment, not only those previously engaged with armed forces or groups. Such a community-based approach will demonstrate the benefit of accepting returning former members of armed forces and groups into the community. Employment and livelihood services must build on existing national structures and are normally under the control of the ministry of labour and\/or youth. DDR practitioners should be aware of fair recruitment principles and guidelines 3 and how they may apply to a DDR context when seeking to promote employment through both public employment services and private recruitment agencies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1040, "Sentence":"Young people who have been engaged with an armed force or armed group may have no experience of looking for employment, no professional contacts, and may not know what they can do or even want to do.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR young people engaged armed force armed group may experience looking employment professional contact may know even want ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.9 Employment Services", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Vocational training should be accompanied by high quality employment counselling and livelihood or career guidance. Young people who have been engaged with an armed force or armed group may have no experience of looking for employment, no professional contacts, and may not know what they can do or even want to do. Employment counselling, career guidance and labour market information that is grounded in the realities of the context can help youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with an armed force or group to: \\n manage the change from the military to civilian life and from childhood to adulthood; \\n understand the labour market; \\n identify opportunities for work and learning; \\n build important attitudes and life skills; \\n make decisions; \\n plan their career and life.Employment counselling and career and livelihood guidance should match the skills and aspirations of youth who have transitioned to civilian status with employment or education and training opportunities. Counselling and guidance should be offered as early as possible (and at an early stage of the DDR programme if one exists), so that they can play a key role in designing employment programmes, identifying education and training opportunities, and helping young ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups make realistic choices. Female youth and youth with disabilities should receive tailored support to make choices that appropriately reflect their wishes rather than being pressured into following a career path that fits with social norms. This will require significant work with service providers, employers, family and the wider community to sensitize on these issues, and may necessitate additional training, capacity building and orientation of DDR staff to ensure that this is done effectively.Employment counsellors should work closely with the business community and youth both before and during vocational training. Employment services including counselling, career guidance, and directing young people to the appropriate jobs and educational institutions should also be offered to all young people seeking employment, not only those previously engaged with armed forces or groups. Such a community-based approach will demonstrate the benefit of accepting returning former members of armed forces and groups into the community. Employment and livelihood services must build on existing national structures and are normally under the control of the ministry of labour and\/or youth. DDR practitioners should be aware of fair recruitment principles and guidelines 3 and how they may apply to a DDR context when seeking to promote employment through both public employment services and private recruitment agencies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1040, "Sentence":"Employment counselling, career guidance and labour market information that is grounded in the realities of the context can help youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with an armed force or group to: \\n manage the change from the military to civilian life and from childhood to adulthood; \\n understand the labour market; \\n identify opportunities for work and learning; \\n build important attitudes and life skills; \\n make decisions; \\n plan their career and life.Employment counselling and career and livelihood guidance should match the skills and aspirations of youth who have transitioned to civilian status with employment or education and training opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR employment counselling career guidance labour market information grounded reality context help youth excombatants youth formerly associated armed force group n manage change military civilian life childhood adulthood n understand labour market n identify opportunity work learning n build important attitude life skill n make decision n plan career life.employment counselling career livelihood guidance match skill aspiration youth transitioned civilian status employment education training opportunity ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.9 Employment Services", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Vocational training should be accompanied by high quality employment counselling and livelihood or career guidance. Young people who have been engaged with an armed force or armed group may have no experience of looking for employment, no professional contacts, and may not know what they can do or even want to do. Employment counselling, career guidance and labour market information that is grounded in the realities of the context can help youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with an armed force or group to: \\n manage the change from the military to civilian life and from childhood to adulthood; \\n understand the labour market; \\n identify opportunities for work and learning; \\n build important attitudes and life skills; \\n make decisions; \\n plan their career and life.Employment counselling and career and livelihood guidance should match the skills and aspirations of youth who have transitioned to civilian status with employment or education and training opportunities. Counselling and guidance should be offered as early as possible (and at an early stage of the DDR programme if one exists), so that they can play a key role in designing employment programmes, identifying education and training opportunities, and helping young ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups make realistic choices. Female youth and youth with disabilities should receive tailored support to make choices that appropriately reflect their wishes rather than being pressured into following a career path that fits with social norms. This will require significant work with service providers, employers, family and the wider community to sensitize on these issues, and may necessitate additional training, capacity building and orientation of DDR staff to ensure that this is done effectively.Employment counsellors should work closely with the business community and youth both before and during vocational training. Employment services including counselling, career guidance, and directing young people to the appropriate jobs and educational institutions should also be offered to all young people seeking employment, not only those previously engaged with armed forces or groups. Such a community-based approach will demonstrate the benefit of accepting returning former members of armed forces and groups into the community. Employment and livelihood services must build on existing national structures and are normally under the control of the ministry of labour and\/or youth. DDR practitioners should be aware of fair recruitment principles and guidelines 3 and how they may apply to a DDR context when seeking to promote employment through both public employment services and private recruitment agencies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1040, "Sentence":"Counselling and guidance should be offered as early as possible (and at an early stage of the DDR programme if one exists), so that they can play a key role in designing employment programmes, identifying education and training opportunities, and helping young ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups make realistic choices.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR counselling guidance offered early possible early stage ddr programme one exists play key role designing employment programme identifying education training opportunity helping young ex combatant person formerly associated armed force group make realistic choice ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.9 Employment Services", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Vocational training should be accompanied by high quality employment counselling and livelihood or career guidance. Young people who have been engaged with an armed force or armed group may have no experience of looking for employment, no professional contacts, and may not know what they can do or even want to do. Employment counselling, career guidance and labour market information that is grounded in the realities of the context can help youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with an armed force or group to: \\n manage the change from the military to civilian life and from childhood to adulthood; \\n understand the labour market; \\n identify opportunities for work and learning; \\n build important attitudes and life skills; \\n make decisions; \\n plan their career and life.Employment counselling and career and livelihood guidance should match the skills and aspirations of youth who have transitioned to civilian status with employment or education and training opportunities. Counselling and guidance should be offered as early as possible (and at an early stage of the DDR programme if one exists), so that they can play a key role in designing employment programmes, identifying education and training opportunities, and helping young ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups make realistic choices. Female youth and youth with disabilities should receive tailored support to make choices that appropriately reflect their wishes rather than being pressured into following a career path that fits with social norms. This will require significant work with service providers, employers, family and the wider community to sensitize on these issues, and may necessitate additional training, capacity building and orientation of DDR staff to ensure that this is done effectively.Employment counsellors should work closely with the business community and youth both before and during vocational training. Employment services including counselling, career guidance, and directing young people to the appropriate jobs and educational institutions should also be offered to all young people seeking employment, not only those previously engaged with armed forces or groups. Such a community-based approach will demonstrate the benefit of accepting returning former members of armed forces and groups into the community. Employment and livelihood services must build on existing national structures and are normally under the control of the ministry of labour and\/or youth. DDR practitioners should be aware of fair recruitment principles and guidelines 3 and how they may apply to a DDR context when seeking to promote employment through both public employment services and private recruitment agencies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1040, "Sentence":"Female youth and youth with disabilities should receive tailored support to make choices that appropriately reflect their wishes rather than being pressured into following a career path that fits with social norms.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR female youth youth disability receive tailored support make choice appropriately reflect wish rather pressured following career path fit social norm ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.9 Employment Services", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Vocational training should be accompanied by high quality employment counselling and livelihood or career guidance. Young people who have been engaged with an armed force or armed group may have no experience of looking for employment, no professional contacts, and may not know what they can do or even want to do. Employment counselling, career guidance and labour market information that is grounded in the realities of the context can help youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with an armed force or group to: \\n manage the change from the military to civilian life and from childhood to adulthood; \\n understand the labour market; \\n identify opportunities for work and learning; \\n build important attitudes and life skills; \\n make decisions; \\n plan their career and life.Employment counselling and career and livelihood guidance should match the skills and aspirations of youth who have transitioned to civilian status with employment or education and training opportunities. Counselling and guidance should be offered as early as possible (and at an early stage of the DDR programme if one exists), so that they can play a key role in designing employment programmes, identifying education and training opportunities, and helping young ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups make realistic choices. Female youth and youth with disabilities should receive tailored support to make choices that appropriately reflect their wishes rather than being pressured into following a career path that fits with social norms. This will require significant work with service providers, employers, family and the wider community to sensitize on these issues, and may necessitate additional training, capacity building and orientation of DDR staff to ensure that this is done effectively.Employment counsellors should work closely with the business community and youth both before and during vocational training. Employment services including counselling, career guidance, and directing young people to the appropriate jobs and educational institutions should also be offered to all young people seeking employment, not only those previously engaged with armed forces or groups. Such a community-based approach will demonstrate the benefit of accepting returning former members of armed forces and groups into the community. Employment and livelihood services must build on existing national structures and are normally under the control of the ministry of labour and\/or youth. DDR practitioners should be aware of fair recruitment principles and guidelines 3 and how they may apply to a DDR context when seeking to promote employment through both public employment services and private recruitment agencies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1040, "Sentence":"This will require significant work with service providers, employers, family and the wider community to sensitize on these issues, and may necessitate additional training, capacity building and orientation of DDR staff to ensure that this is done effectively.Employment counsellors should work closely with the business community and youth both before and during vocational training.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR require significant work service provider employer family wider community sensitize issue may necessitate additional training capacity building orientation ddr staff ensure done effectively.employment counsellor work closely business community youth vocational training ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.9 Employment Services", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Vocational training should be accompanied by high quality employment counselling and livelihood or career guidance. Young people who have been engaged with an armed force or armed group may have no experience of looking for employment, no professional contacts, and may not know what they can do or even want to do. Employment counselling, career guidance and labour market information that is grounded in the realities of the context can help youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with an armed force or group to: \\n manage the change from the military to civilian life and from childhood to adulthood; \\n understand the labour market; \\n identify opportunities for work and learning; \\n build important attitudes and life skills; \\n make decisions; \\n plan their career and life.Employment counselling and career and livelihood guidance should match the skills and aspirations of youth who have transitioned to civilian status with employment or education and training opportunities. Counselling and guidance should be offered as early as possible (and at an early stage of the DDR programme if one exists), so that they can play a key role in designing employment programmes, identifying education and training opportunities, and helping young ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups make realistic choices. Female youth and youth with disabilities should receive tailored support to make choices that appropriately reflect their wishes rather than being pressured into following a career path that fits with social norms. This will require significant work with service providers, employers, family and the wider community to sensitize on these issues, and may necessitate additional training, capacity building and orientation of DDR staff to ensure that this is done effectively.Employment counsellors should work closely with the business community and youth both before and during vocational training. Employment services including counselling, career guidance, and directing young people to the appropriate jobs and educational institutions should also be offered to all young people seeking employment, not only those previously engaged with armed forces or groups. Such a community-based approach will demonstrate the benefit of accepting returning former members of armed forces and groups into the community. Employment and livelihood services must build on existing national structures and are normally under the control of the ministry of labour and\/or youth. DDR practitioners should be aware of fair recruitment principles and guidelines 3 and how they may apply to a DDR context when seeking to promote employment through both public employment services and private recruitment agencies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1040, "Sentence":"Employment services including counselling, career guidance, and directing young people to the appropriate jobs and educational institutions should also be offered to all young people seeking employment, not only those previously engaged with armed forces or groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR employment service including counselling career guidance directing young people appropriate job educational institution also offered young people seeking employment previously engaged armed force group ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.9 Employment Services", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Vocational training should be accompanied by high quality employment counselling and livelihood or career guidance. Young people who have been engaged with an armed force or armed group may have no experience of looking for employment, no professional contacts, and may not know what they can do or even want to do. Employment counselling, career guidance and labour market information that is grounded in the realities of the context can help youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with an armed force or group to: \\n manage the change from the military to civilian life and from childhood to adulthood; \\n understand the labour market; \\n identify opportunities for work and learning; \\n build important attitudes and life skills; \\n make decisions; \\n plan their career and life.Employment counselling and career and livelihood guidance should match the skills and aspirations of youth who have transitioned to civilian status with employment or education and training opportunities. Counselling and guidance should be offered as early as possible (and at an early stage of the DDR programme if one exists), so that they can play a key role in designing employment programmes, identifying education and training opportunities, and helping young ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups make realistic choices. Female youth and youth with disabilities should receive tailored support to make choices that appropriately reflect their wishes rather than being pressured into following a career path that fits with social norms. This will require significant work with service providers, employers, family and the wider community to sensitize on these issues, and may necessitate additional training, capacity building and orientation of DDR staff to ensure that this is done effectively.Employment counsellors should work closely with the business community and youth both before and during vocational training. Employment services including counselling, career guidance, and directing young people to the appropriate jobs and educational institutions should also be offered to all young people seeking employment, not only those previously engaged with armed forces or groups. Such a community-based approach will demonstrate the benefit of accepting returning former members of armed forces and groups into the community. Employment and livelihood services must build on existing national structures and are normally under the control of the ministry of labour and\/or youth. DDR practitioners should be aware of fair recruitment principles and guidelines 3 and how they may apply to a DDR context when seeking to promote employment through both public employment services and private recruitment agencies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1040, "Sentence":"Such a community-based approach will demonstrate the benefit of accepting returning former members of armed forces and groups into the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR communitybased approach demonstrate benefit accepting returning former member armed force group community ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.9 Employment Services", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Vocational training should be accompanied by high quality employment counselling and livelihood or career guidance. Young people who have been engaged with an armed force or armed group may have no experience of looking for employment, no professional contacts, and may not know what they can do or even want to do. Employment counselling, career guidance and labour market information that is grounded in the realities of the context can help youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with an armed force or group to: \\n manage the change from the military to civilian life and from childhood to adulthood; \\n understand the labour market; \\n identify opportunities for work and learning; \\n build important attitudes and life skills; \\n make decisions; \\n plan their career and life.Employment counselling and career and livelihood guidance should match the skills and aspirations of youth who have transitioned to civilian status with employment or education and training opportunities. Counselling and guidance should be offered as early as possible (and at an early stage of the DDR programme if one exists), so that they can play a key role in designing employment programmes, identifying education and training opportunities, and helping young ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups make realistic choices. Female youth and youth with disabilities should receive tailored support to make choices that appropriately reflect their wishes rather than being pressured into following a career path that fits with social norms. This will require significant work with service providers, employers, family and the wider community to sensitize on these issues, and may necessitate additional training, capacity building and orientation of DDR staff to ensure that this is done effectively.Employment counsellors should work closely with the business community and youth both before and during vocational training. Employment services including counselling, career guidance, and directing young people to the appropriate jobs and educational institutions should also be offered to all young people seeking employment, not only those previously engaged with armed forces or groups. Such a community-based approach will demonstrate the benefit of accepting returning former members of armed forces and groups into the community. Employment and livelihood services must build on existing national structures and are normally under the control of the ministry of labour and\/or youth. DDR practitioners should be aware of fair recruitment principles and guidelines 3 and how they may apply to a DDR context when seeking to promote employment through both public employment services and private recruitment agencies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1040, "Sentence":"Employment and livelihood services must build on existing national structures and are normally under the control of the ministry of labour and\/or youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR employment livelihood service must build existing national structure normally control ministry labour and\/or youth ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.9 Employment Services", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Vocational training should be accompanied by high quality employment counselling and livelihood or career guidance. Young people who have been engaged with an armed force or armed group may have no experience of looking for employment, no professional contacts, and may not know what they can do or even want to do. Employment counselling, career guidance and labour market information that is grounded in the realities of the context can help youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with an armed force or group to: \\n manage the change from the military to civilian life and from childhood to adulthood; \\n understand the labour market; \\n identify opportunities for work and learning; \\n build important attitudes and life skills; \\n make decisions; \\n plan their career and life.Employment counselling and career and livelihood guidance should match the skills and aspirations of youth who have transitioned to civilian status with employment or education and training opportunities. Counselling and guidance should be offered as early as possible (and at an early stage of the DDR programme if one exists), so that they can play a key role in designing employment programmes, identifying education and training opportunities, and helping young ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces or groups make realistic choices. Female youth and youth with disabilities should receive tailored support to make choices that appropriately reflect their wishes rather than being pressured into following a career path that fits with social norms. This will require significant work with service providers, employers, family and the wider community to sensitize on these issues, and may necessitate additional training, capacity building and orientation of DDR staff to ensure that this is done effectively.Employment counsellors should work closely with the business community and youth both before and during vocational training. Employment services including counselling, career guidance, and directing young people to the appropriate jobs and educational institutions should also be offered to all young people seeking employment, not only those previously engaged with armed forces or groups. Such a community-based approach will demonstrate the benefit of accepting returning former members of armed forces and groups into the community. Employment and livelihood services must build on existing national structures and are normally under the control of the ministry of labour and\/or youth. DDR practitioners should be aware of fair recruitment principles and guidelines 3 and how they may apply to a DDR context when seeking to promote employment through both public employment services and private recruitment agencies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1040, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should be aware of fair recruitment principles and guidelines 3 and how they may apply to a DDR context when seeking to promote employment through both public employment services and private recruitment agencies.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr practitioner aware fair recruitment principle guideline 3 may apply ddr context seeking promote employment public employment service private recruitment agency ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.10 Public works programmes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Public works programmes aim to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community. Examples are the rehabilitation of maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining or environmental work including the planting of trees (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Public works programmes can be easily designed to create job opportunities for youth who are community members and\/or former members of armed forces and groups. There is always urgent work to be done in priority sectors \u2014 such as essential public facilities \u2014 and geographical areas, especially those most affected by armed conflict. Job-creation schemes may provide employment and income support and, at the same time, develop physical and social infrastructure. Such schemes should be designed to promote the value-chain, exploring the full range of activities needed to create a product or services, and should make use of locally available resources, whenever possible, to boost the sustainable economic impact.Although these programmes offer only a limited number of long-term jobs, they can provide immediate employment, increase the productivity of low-skilled youth and help young participants gain work experience that can be critical for more sustainable employment. A further key impact is that they can assist in raising the social status of youth former members of armed forces and groups from individuals who may be perceived as \u201cdestroyers\u201d to individuals who are considered \u201cconstructors\u201d. Chosen schemes can be part of special reconstruction projects to directly benefit youth, such as training centres, sports facilities, health facilities, schools, or places where young people can engage in local politics or play and listen to music. Such projects can be developed within the local construction industry and assist groups of youth to become small contractors. Community-based employment provides an ideal opportunity to mix young former members of armed forces and groups with other youth, paving the way for social reintegration, and should be made available equally to young women and men.Where possible, public works programmes shall be implemented immediately after young people transition from military to civilian status. Care must be taken to ensure that safe labour standards are prioritized, and that youth are given options in terms of the type of work available to them, and not forced into physically demanding work. The creation of employment-intensive work for youth should include other components such as flexible on-site training, mentoring, community services and psychosocial care (where necessary) to support their reintegration into society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1041, "Sentence":"Public works programmes aim to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR public work programme aim build rehabilitate public\/community asset infrastructure vital sustaining livelihood community ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.10 Public works programmes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Public works programmes aim to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community. Examples are the rehabilitation of maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining or environmental work including the planting of trees (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Public works programmes can be easily designed to create job opportunities for youth who are community members and\/or former members of armed forces and groups. There is always urgent work to be done in priority sectors \u2014 such as essential public facilities \u2014 and geographical areas, especially those most affected by armed conflict. Job-creation schemes may provide employment and income support and, at the same time, develop physical and social infrastructure. Such schemes should be designed to promote the value-chain, exploring the full range of activities needed to create a product or services, and should make use of locally available resources, whenever possible, to boost the sustainable economic impact.Although these programmes offer only a limited number of long-term jobs, they can provide immediate employment, increase the productivity of low-skilled youth and help young participants gain work experience that can be critical for more sustainable employment. A further key impact is that they can assist in raising the social status of youth former members of armed forces and groups from individuals who may be perceived as \u201cdestroyers\u201d to individuals who are considered \u201cconstructors\u201d. Chosen schemes can be part of special reconstruction projects to directly benefit youth, such as training centres, sports facilities, health facilities, schools, or places where young people can engage in local politics or play and listen to music. Such projects can be developed within the local construction industry and assist groups of youth to become small contractors. Community-based employment provides an ideal opportunity to mix young former members of armed forces and groups with other youth, paving the way for social reintegration, and should be made available equally to young women and men.Where possible, public works programmes shall be implemented immediately after young people transition from military to civilian status. Care must be taken to ensure that safe labour standards are prioritized, and that youth are given options in terms of the type of work available to them, and not forced into physically demanding work. The creation of employment-intensive work for youth should include other components such as flexible on-site training, mentoring, community services and psychosocial care (where necessary) to support their reintegration into society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1041, "Sentence":"Examples are the rehabilitation of maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining or environmental work including the planting of trees (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR example rehabilitation maintenance road improving drainage water supply sanitation demining environmental work including planting tree see iddrs 4.20 demobilization ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.10 Public works programmes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Public works programmes aim to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community. Examples are the rehabilitation of maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining or environmental work including the planting of trees (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Public works programmes can be easily designed to create job opportunities for youth who are community members and\/or former members of armed forces and groups. There is always urgent work to be done in priority sectors \u2014 such as essential public facilities \u2014 and geographical areas, especially those most affected by armed conflict. Job-creation schemes may provide employment and income support and, at the same time, develop physical and social infrastructure. Such schemes should be designed to promote the value-chain, exploring the full range of activities needed to create a product or services, and should make use of locally available resources, whenever possible, to boost the sustainable economic impact.Although these programmes offer only a limited number of long-term jobs, they can provide immediate employment, increase the productivity of low-skilled youth and help young participants gain work experience that can be critical for more sustainable employment. A further key impact is that they can assist in raising the social status of youth former members of armed forces and groups from individuals who may be perceived as \u201cdestroyers\u201d to individuals who are considered \u201cconstructors\u201d. Chosen schemes can be part of special reconstruction projects to directly benefit youth, such as training centres, sports facilities, health facilities, schools, or places where young people can engage in local politics or play and listen to music. Such projects can be developed within the local construction industry and assist groups of youth to become small contractors. Community-based employment provides an ideal opportunity to mix young former members of armed forces and groups with other youth, paving the way for social reintegration, and should be made available equally to young women and men.Where possible, public works programmes shall be implemented immediately after young people transition from military to civilian status. Care must be taken to ensure that safe labour standards are prioritized, and that youth are given options in terms of the type of work available to them, and not forced into physically demanding work. The creation of employment-intensive work for youth should include other components such as flexible on-site training, mentoring, community services and psychosocial care (where necessary) to support their reintegration into society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1041, "Sentence":"Public works programmes can be easily designed to create job opportunities for youth who are community members and\/or former members of armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR public work programme easily designed create job opportunity youth community member and\/or former member armed force group ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.10 Public works programmes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Public works programmes aim to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community. Examples are the rehabilitation of maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining or environmental work including the planting of trees (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Public works programmes can be easily designed to create job opportunities for youth who are community members and\/or former members of armed forces and groups. There is always urgent work to be done in priority sectors \u2014 such as essential public facilities \u2014 and geographical areas, especially those most affected by armed conflict. Job-creation schemes may provide employment and income support and, at the same time, develop physical and social infrastructure. Such schemes should be designed to promote the value-chain, exploring the full range of activities needed to create a product or services, and should make use of locally available resources, whenever possible, to boost the sustainable economic impact.Although these programmes offer only a limited number of long-term jobs, they can provide immediate employment, increase the productivity of low-skilled youth and help young participants gain work experience that can be critical for more sustainable employment. A further key impact is that they can assist in raising the social status of youth former members of armed forces and groups from individuals who may be perceived as \u201cdestroyers\u201d to individuals who are considered \u201cconstructors\u201d. Chosen schemes can be part of special reconstruction projects to directly benefit youth, such as training centres, sports facilities, health facilities, schools, or places where young people can engage in local politics or play and listen to music. Such projects can be developed within the local construction industry and assist groups of youth to become small contractors. Community-based employment provides an ideal opportunity to mix young former members of armed forces and groups with other youth, paving the way for social reintegration, and should be made available equally to young women and men.Where possible, public works programmes shall be implemented immediately after young people transition from military to civilian status. Care must be taken to ensure that safe labour standards are prioritized, and that youth are given options in terms of the type of work available to them, and not forced into physically demanding work. The creation of employment-intensive work for youth should include other components such as flexible on-site training, mentoring, community services and psychosocial care (where necessary) to support their reintegration into society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1041, "Sentence":"There is always urgent work to be done in priority sectors \u2014 such as essential public facilities \u2014 and geographical areas, especially those most affected by armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR always urgent work done priority sector \u2014 essential public facility \u2014 geographical area especially affected armed conflict ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.10 Public works programmes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Public works programmes aim to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community. Examples are the rehabilitation of maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining or environmental work including the planting of trees (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Public works programmes can be easily designed to create job opportunities for youth who are community members and\/or former members of armed forces and groups. There is always urgent work to be done in priority sectors \u2014 such as essential public facilities \u2014 and geographical areas, especially those most affected by armed conflict. Job-creation schemes may provide employment and income support and, at the same time, develop physical and social infrastructure. Such schemes should be designed to promote the value-chain, exploring the full range of activities needed to create a product or services, and should make use of locally available resources, whenever possible, to boost the sustainable economic impact.Although these programmes offer only a limited number of long-term jobs, they can provide immediate employment, increase the productivity of low-skilled youth and help young participants gain work experience that can be critical for more sustainable employment. A further key impact is that they can assist in raising the social status of youth former members of armed forces and groups from individuals who may be perceived as \u201cdestroyers\u201d to individuals who are considered \u201cconstructors\u201d. Chosen schemes can be part of special reconstruction projects to directly benefit youth, such as training centres, sports facilities, health facilities, schools, or places where young people can engage in local politics or play and listen to music. Such projects can be developed within the local construction industry and assist groups of youth to become small contractors. Community-based employment provides an ideal opportunity to mix young former members of armed forces and groups with other youth, paving the way for social reintegration, and should be made available equally to young women and men.Where possible, public works programmes shall be implemented immediately after young people transition from military to civilian status. Care must be taken to ensure that safe labour standards are prioritized, and that youth are given options in terms of the type of work available to them, and not forced into physically demanding work. The creation of employment-intensive work for youth should include other components such as flexible on-site training, mentoring, community services and psychosocial care (where necessary) to support their reintegration into society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1041, "Sentence":"Job-creation schemes may provide employment and income support and, at the same time, develop physical and social infrastructure.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR jobcreation scheme may provide employment income support time develop physical social infrastructure ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.10 Public works programmes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Public works programmes aim to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community. Examples are the rehabilitation of maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining or environmental work including the planting of trees (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Public works programmes can be easily designed to create job opportunities for youth who are community members and\/or former members of armed forces and groups. There is always urgent work to be done in priority sectors \u2014 such as essential public facilities \u2014 and geographical areas, especially those most affected by armed conflict. Job-creation schemes may provide employment and income support and, at the same time, develop physical and social infrastructure. Such schemes should be designed to promote the value-chain, exploring the full range of activities needed to create a product or services, and should make use of locally available resources, whenever possible, to boost the sustainable economic impact.Although these programmes offer only a limited number of long-term jobs, they can provide immediate employment, increase the productivity of low-skilled youth and help young participants gain work experience that can be critical for more sustainable employment. A further key impact is that they can assist in raising the social status of youth former members of armed forces and groups from individuals who may be perceived as \u201cdestroyers\u201d to individuals who are considered \u201cconstructors\u201d. Chosen schemes can be part of special reconstruction projects to directly benefit youth, such as training centres, sports facilities, health facilities, schools, or places where young people can engage in local politics or play and listen to music. Such projects can be developed within the local construction industry and assist groups of youth to become small contractors. Community-based employment provides an ideal opportunity to mix young former members of armed forces and groups with other youth, paving the way for social reintegration, and should be made available equally to young women and men.Where possible, public works programmes shall be implemented immediately after young people transition from military to civilian status. Care must be taken to ensure that safe labour standards are prioritized, and that youth are given options in terms of the type of work available to them, and not forced into physically demanding work. The creation of employment-intensive work for youth should include other components such as flexible on-site training, mentoring, community services and psychosocial care (where necessary) to support their reintegration into society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1041, "Sentence":"Such schemes should be designed to promote the value-chain, exploring the full range of activities needed to create a product or services, and should make use of locally available resources, whenever possible, to boost the sustainable economic impact.Although these programmes offer only a limited number of long-term jobs, they can provide immediate employment, increase the productivity of low-skilled youth and help young participants gain work experience that can be critical for more sustainable employment.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR scheme designed promote valuechain exploring full range activity needed create product service make use locally available resource whenever possible boost sustainable economic impact.although programme offer limited number longterm job provide immediate employment increase productivity lowskilled youth help young participant gain work experience critical sustainable employment ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.10 Public works programmes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Public works programmes aim to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community. Examples are the rehabilitation of maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining or environmental work including the planting of trees (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Public works programmes can be easily designed to create job opportunities for youth who are community members and\/or former members of armed forces and groups. There is always urgent work to be done in priority sectors \u2014 such as essential public facilities \u2014 and geographical areas, especially those most affected by armed conflict. Job-creation schemes may provide employment and income support and, at the same time, develop physical and social infrastructure. Such schemes should be designed to promote the value-chain, exploring the full range of activities needed to create a product or services, and should make use of locally available resources, whenever possible, to boost the sustainable economic impact.Although these programmes offer only a limited number of long-term jobs, they can provide immediate employment, increase the productivity of low-skilled youth and help young participants gain work experience that can be critical for more sustainable employment. A further key impact is that they can assist in raising the social status of youth former members of armed forces and groups from individuals who may be perceived as \u201cdestroyers\u201d to individuals who are considered \u201cconstructors\u201d. Chosen schemes can be part of special reconstruction projects to directly benefit youth, such as training centres, sports facilities, health facilities, schools, or places where young people can engage in local politics or play and listen to music. Such projects can be developed within the local construction industry and assist groups of youth to become small contractors. Community-based employment provides an ideal opportunity to mix young former members of armed forces and groups with other youth, paving the way for social reintegration, and should be made available equally to young women and men.Where possible, public works programmes shall be implemented immediately after young people transition from military to civilian status. Care must be taken to ensure that safe labour standards are prioritized, and that youth are given options in terms of the type of work available to them, and not forced into physically demanding work. The creation of employment-intensive work for youth should include other components such as flexible on-site training, mentoring, community services and psychosocial care (where necessary) to support their reintegration into society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1041, "Sentence":"A further key impact is that they can assist in raising the social status of youth former members of armed forces and groups from individuals who may be perceived as \u201cdestroyers\u201d to individuals who are considered \u201cconstructors\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR key impact assist raising social status youth former member armed force group individual may perceived \u201c destroyer \u201d individual considered \u201c constructor \u201d ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.10 Public works programmes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Public works programmes aim to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community. Examples are the rehabilitation of maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining or environmental work including the planting of trees (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Public works programmes can be easily designed to create job opportunities for youth who are community members and\/or former members of armed forces and groups. There is always urgent work to be done in priority sectors \u2014 such as essential public facilities \u2014 and geographical areas, especially those most affected by armed conflict. Job-creation schemes may provide employment and income support and, at the same time, develop physical and social infrastructure. Such schemes should be designed to promote the value-chain, exploring the full range of activities needed to create a product or services, and should make use of locally available resources, whenever possible, to boost the sustainable economic impact.Although these programmes offer only a limited number of long-term jobs, they can provide immediate employment, increase the productivity of low-skilled youth and help young participants gain work experience that can be critical for more sustainable employment. A further key impact is that they can assist in raising the social status of youth former members of armed forces and groups from individuals who may be perceived as \u201cdestroyers\u201d to individuals who are considered \u201cconstructors\u201d. Chosen schemes can be part of special reconstruction projects to directly benefit youth, such as training centres, sports facilities, health facilities, schools, or places where young people can engage in local politics or play and listen to music. Such projects can be developed within the local construction industry and assist groups of youth to become small contractors. Community-based employment provides an ideal opportunity to mix young former members of armed forces and groups with other youth, paving the way for social reintegration, and should be made available equally to young women and men.Where possible, public works programmes shall be implemented immediately after young people transition from military to civilian status. Care must be taken to ensure that safe labour standards are prioritized, and that youth are given options in terms of the type of work available to them, and not forced into physically demanding work. The creation of employment-intensive work for youth should include other components such as flexible on-site training, mentoring, community services and psychosocial care (where necessary) to support their reintegration into society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1041, "Sentence":"Chosen schemes can be part of special reconstruction projects to directly benefit youth, such as training centres, sports facilities, health facilities, schools, or places where young people can engage in local politics or play and listen to music.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR chosen scheme part special reconstruction project directly benefit youth training centre sport facility health facility school place young people engage local politics play listen music ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.10 Public works programmes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Public works programmes aim to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community. Examples are the rehabilitation of maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining or environmental work including the planting of trees (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Public works programmes can be easily designed to create job opportunities for youth who are community members and\/or former members of armed forces and groups. There is always urgent work to be done in priority sectors \u2014 such as essential public facilities \u2014 and geographical areas, especially those most affected by armed conflict. Job-creation schemes may provide employment and income support and, at the same time, develop physical and social infrastructure. Such schemes should be designed to promote the value-chain, exploring the full range of activities needed to create a product or services, and should make use of locally available resources, whenever possible, to boost the sustainable economic impact.Although these programmes offer only a limited number of long-term jobs, they can provide immediate employment, increase the productivity of low-skilled youth and help young participants gain work experience that can be critical for more sustainable employment. A further key impact is that they can assist in raising the social status of youth former members of armed forces and groups from individuals who may be perceived as \u201cdestroyers\u201d to individuals who are considered \u201cconstructors\u201d. Chosen schemes can be part of special reconstruction projects to directly benefit youth, such as training centres, sports facilities, health facilities, schools, or places where young people can engage in local politics or play and listen to music. Such projects can be developed within the local construction industry and assist groups of youth to become small contractors. Community-based employment provides an ideal opportunity to mix young former members of armed forces and groups with other youth, paving the way for social reintegration, and should be made available equally to young women and men.Where possible, public works programmes shall be implemented immediately after young people transition from military to civilian status. Care must be taken to ensure that safe labour standards are prioritized, and that youth are given options in terms of the type of work available to them, and not forced into physically demanding work. The creation of employment-intensive work for youth should include other components such as flexible on-site training, mentoring, community services and psychosocial care (where necessary) to support their reintegration into society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1041, "Sentence":"Such projects can be developed within the local construction industry and assist groups of youth to become small contractors.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR project developed within local construction industry assist group youth become small contractor ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.10 Public works programmes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Public works programmes aim to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community. Examples are the rehabilitation of maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining or environmental work including the planting of trees (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Public works programmes can be easily designed to create job opportunities for youth who are community members and\/or former members of armed forces and groups. There is always urgent work to be done in priority sectors \u2014 such as essential public facilities \u2014 and geographical areas, especially those most affected by armed conflict. Job-creation schemes may provide employment and income support and, at the same time, develop physical and social infrastructure. Such schemes should be designed to promote the value-chain, exploring the full range of activities needed to create a product or services, and should make use of locally available resources, whenever possible, to boost the sustainable economic impact.Although these programmes offer only a limited number of long-term jobs, they can provide immediate employment, increase the productivity of low-skilled youth and help young participants gain work experience that can be critical for more sustainable employment. A further key impact is that they can assist in raising the social status of youth former members of armed forces and groups from individuals who may be perceived as \u201cdestroyers\u201d to individuals who are considered \u201cconstructors\u201d. Chosen schemes can be part of special reconstruction projects to directly benefit youth, such as training centres, sports facilities, health facilities, schools, or places where young people can engage in local politics or play and listen to music. Such projects can be developed within the local construction industry and assist groups of youth to become small contractors. Community-based employment provides an ideal opportunity to mix young former members of armed forces and groups with other youth, paving the way for social reintegration, and should be made available equally to young women and men.Where possible, public works programmes shall be implemented immediately after young people transition from military to civilian status. Care must be taken to ensure that safe labour standards are prioritized, and that youth are given options in terms of the type of work available to them, and not forced into physically demanding work. The creation of employment-intensive work for youth should include other components such as flexible on-site training, mentoring, community services and psychosocial care (where necessary) to support their reintegration into society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1041, "Sentence":"Community-based employment provides an ideal opportunity to mix young former members of armed forces and groups with other youth, paving the way for social reintegration, and should be made available equally to young women and men.Where possible, public works programmes shall be implemented immediately after young people transition from military to civilian status.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR communitybased employment provides ideal opportunity mix young former member armed force group youth paving way social reintegration made available equally young woman men.where possible public work programme shall implemented immediately young people transition military civilian status ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.10 Public works programmes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Public works programmes aim to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community. Examples are the rehabilitation of maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining or environmental work including the planting of trees (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Public works programmes can be easily designed to create job opportunities for youth who are community members and\/or former members of armed forces and groups. There is always urgent work to be done in priority sectors \u2014 such as essential public facilities \u2014 and geographical areas, especially those most affected by armed conflict. Job-creation schemes may provide employment and income support and, at the same time, develop physical and social infrastructure. Such schemes should be designed to promote the value-chain, exploring the full range of activities needed to create a product or services, and should make use of locally available resources, whenever possible, to boost the sustainable economic impact.Although these programmes offer only a limited number of long-term jobs, they can provide immediate employment, increase the productivity of low-skilled youth and help young participants gain work experience that can be critical for more sustainable employment. A further key impact is that they can assist in raising the social status of youth former members of armed forces and groups from individuals who may be perceived as \u201cdestroyers\u201d to individuals who are considered \u201cconstructors\u201d. Chosen schemes can be part of special reconstruction projects to directly benefit youth, such as training centres, sports facilities, health facilities, schools, or places where young people can engage in local politics or play and listen to music. Such projects can be developed within the local construction industry and assist groups of youth to become small contractors. Community-based employment provides an ideal opportunity to mix young former members of armed forces and groups with other youth, paving the way for social reintegration, and should be made available equally to young women and men.Where possible, public works programmes shall be implemented immediately after young people transition from military to civilian status. Care must be taken to ensure that safe labour standards are prioritized, and that youth are given options in terms of the type of work available to them, and not forced into physically demanding work. The creation of employment-intensive work for youth should include other components such as flexible on-site training, mentoring, community services and psychosocial care (where necessary) to support their reintegration into society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1041, "Sentence":"Care must be taken to ensure that safe labour standards are prioritized, and that youth are given options in terms of the type of work available to them, and not forced into physically demanding work.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR care must taken ensure safe labour standard prioritized youth given option term type work available forced physically demanding work ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.10 Public works programmes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Public works programmes aim to build or rehabilitate public\/community assets and infrastructure that are vital for sustaining the livelihoods of a community. Examples are the rehabilitation of maintenance of roads, improving drainage, water supplies and sanitation, demining or environmental work including the planting of trees (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Public works programmes can be easily designed to create job opportunities for youth who are community members and\/or former members of armed forces and groups. There is always urgent work to be done in priority sectors \u2014 such as essential public facilities \u2014 and geographical areas, especially those most affected by armed conflict. Job-creation schemes may provide employment and income support and, at the same time, develop physical and social infrastructure. Such schemes should be designed to promote the value-chain, exploring the full range of activities needed to create a product or services, and should make use of locally available resources, whenever possible, to boost the sustainable economic impact.Although these programmes offer only a limited number of long-term jobs, they can provide immediate employment, increase the productivity of low-skilled youth and help young participants gain work experience that can be critical for more sustainable employment. A further key impact is that they can assist in raising the social status of youth former members of armed forces and groups from individuals who may be perceived as \u201cdestroyers\u201d to individuals who are considered \u201cconstructors\u201d. Chosen schemes can be part of special reconstruction projects to directly benefit youth, such as training centres, sports facilities, health facilities, schools, or places where young people can engage in local politics or play and listen to music. Such projects can be developed within the local construction industry and assist groups of youth to become small contractors. Community-based employment provides an ideal opportunity to mix young former members of armed forces and groups with other youth, paving the way for social reintegration, and should be made available equally to young women and men.Where possible, public works programmes shall be implemented immediately after young people transition from military to civilian status. Care must be taken to ensure that safe labour standards are prioritized, and that youth are given options in terms of the type of work available to them, and not forced into physically demanding work. The creation of employment-intensive work for youth should include other components such as flexible on-site training, mentoring, community services and psychosocial care (where necessary) to support their reintegration into society.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1041, "Sentence":"The creation of employment-intensive work for youth should include other components such as flexible on-site training, mentoring, community services and psychosocial care (where necessary) to support their reintegration into society.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR creation employmentintensive work youth include component flexible onsite training mentoring community service psychosocial care necessary support reintegration society ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.11 Wage incentives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Employers may be hesitant to hire youth who are former members of armed forces or groups for a wide range of reasons. These reasons may include distrust, image\/perceptions, as well as issues of discrimination linked to ethnicity, sociocultural background, political and\/or religious beliefs, gender, etc. To help overcome barriers and create opportunities, employers should be given incentives to hire youth or create apprenticeship places. For example, construction companies could receive certain DDR-related contracts on the condition that their labour force includes a high percentage of youth or even a specific group of youth, such as female youth who are ex-combatants. Wage subsidies and other incentives, such as tax exemptions for a limited period, can also be offered to employers who hire young former members of armed forces and groups. This can, for example, pay for the cost of initial training required for young workers. These subsidies can be particularly useful in enabling certain groups of youth to access the labour market (e.g., ex-combatants with disabilities), or areas of the labour market that may traditionally be off limits (e.g., female ex-combatants with a desire to work in traditionally male dominated areas).There are many schemes for sharing initial hiring costs between employers and government. The main issues to be decided are the length of the period in which young people will be employed; the amount of subsidy or other compensation employers will receive; and the type of contracts that young people will be offered. Employers may, for example, receive the same amount as the wage of each person hired or apprenticed. Other programmes combine subsidized employment with limited-term employment contracts for young people. Work training contracts may provide incentives to employers who recruit young former members of armed forces and groups and provide them with on-the-job training. Care should be taken to make sure that this opportunity includes youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, in order to incentivize employers to work with a group that they may have otherwise been wary of. Furthermore, DDR practitioners should develop an efficient monitoring system to make sure that training, mentoring and employment incentives are used to improve employability, rather than turn youth into a cheap source of labour.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1042, "Sentence":"Employers may be hesitant to hire youth who are former members of armed forces or groups for a wide range of reasons.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR employer may hesitant hire youth former member armed force group wide range reason ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.11 Wage incentives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Employers may be hesitant to hire youth who are former members of armed forces or groups for a wide range of reasons. These reasons may include distrust, image\/perceptions, as well as issues of discrimination linked to ethnicity, sociocultural background, political and\/or religious beliefs, gender, etc. To help overcome barriers and create opportunities, employers should be given incentives to hire youth or create apprenticeship places. For example, construction companies could receive certain DDR-related contracts on the condition that their labour force includes a high percentage of youth or even a specific group of youth, such as female youth who are ex-combatants. Wage subsidies and other incentives, such as tax exemptions for a limited period, can also be offered to employers who hire young former members of armed forces and groups. This can, for example, pay for the cost of initial training required for young workers. These subsidies can be particularly useful in enabling certain groups of youth to access the labour market (e.g., ex-combatants with disabilities), or areas of the labour market that may traditionally be off limits (e.g., female ex-combatants with a desire to work in traditionally male dominated areas).There are many schemes for sharing initial hiring costs between employers and government. The main issues to be decided are the length of the period in which young people will be employed; the amount of subsidy or other compensation employers will receive; and the type of contracts that young people will be offered. Employers may, for example, receive the same amount as the wage of each person hired or apprenticed. Other programmes combine subsidized employment with limited-term employment contracts for young people. Work training contracts may provide incentives to employers who recruit young former members of armed forces and groups and provide them with on-the-job training. Care should be taken to make sure that this opportunity includes youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, in order to incentivize employers to work with a group that they may have otherwise been wary of. Furthermore, DDR practitioners should develop an efficient monitoring system to make sure that training, mentoring and employment incentives are used to improve employability, rather than turn youth into a cheap source of labour.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1042, "Sentence":"These reasons may include distrust, image\/perceptions, as well as issues of discrimination linked to ethnicity, sociocultural background, political and\/or religious beliefs, gender, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR reason may include distrust image\/perceptions well issue discrimination linked ethnicity sociocultural background political and\/or religious belief gender etc ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.11 Wage incentives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Employers may be hesitant to hire youth who are former members of armed forces or groups for a wide range of reasons. These reasons may include distrust, image\/perceptions, as well as issues of discrimination linked to ethnicity, sociocultural background, political and\/or religious beliefs, gender, etc. To help overcome barriers and create opportunities, employers should be given incentives to hire youth or create apprenticeship places. For example, construction companies could receive certain DDR-related contracts on the condition that their labour force includes a high percentage of youth or even a specific group of youth, such as female youth who are ex-combatants. Wage subsidies and other incentives, such as tax exemptions for a limited period, can also be offered to employers who hire young former members of armed forces and groups. This can, for example, pay for the cost of initial training required for young workers. These subsidies can be particularly useful in enabling certain groups of youth to access the labour market (e.g., ex-combatants with disabilities), or areas of the labour market that may traditionally be off limits (e.g., female ex-combatants with a desire to work in traditionally male dominated areas).There are many schemes for sharing initial hiring costs between employers and government. The main issues to be decided are the length of the period in which young people will be employed; the amount of subsidy or other compensation employers will receive; and the type of contracts that young people will be offered. Employers may, for example, receive the same amount as the wage of each person hired or apprenticed. Other programmes combine subsidized employment with limited-term employment contracts for young people. Work training contracts may provide incentives to employers who recruit young former members of armed forces and groups and provide them with on-the-job training. Care should be taken to make sure that this opportunity includes youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, in order to incentivize employers to work with a group that they may have otherwise been wary of. Furthermore, DDR practitioners should develop an efficient monitoring system to make sure that training, mentoring and employment incentives are used to improve employability, rather than turn youth into a cheap source of labour.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1042, "Sentence":"To help overcome barriers and create opportunities, employers should be given incentives to hire youth or create apprenticeship places.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR help overcome barrier create opportunity employer given incentive hire youth create apprenticeship place ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.11 Wage incentives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Employers may be hesitant to hire youth who are former members of armed forces or groups for a wide range of reasons. These reasons may include distrust, image\/perceptions, as well as issues of discrimination linked to ethnicity, sociocultural background, political and\/or religious beliefs, gender, etc. To help overcome barriers and create opportunities, employers should be given incentives to hire youth or create apprenticeship places. For example, construction companies could receive certain DDR-related contracts on the condition that their labour force includes a high percentage of youth or even a specific group of youth, such as female youth who are ex-combatants. Wage subsidies and other incentives, such as tax exemptions for a limited period, can also be offered to employers who hire young former members of armed forces and groups. This can, for example, pay for the cost of initial training required for young workers. These subsidies can be particularly useful in enabling certain groups of youth to access the labour market (e.g., ex-combatants with disabilities), or areas of the labour market that may traditionally be off limits (e.g., female ex-combatants with a desire to work in traditionally male dominated areas).There are many schemes for sharing initial hiring costs between employers and government. The main issues to be decided are the length of the period in which young people will be employed; the amount of subsidy or other compensation employers will receive; and the type of contracts that young people will be offered. Employers may, for example, receive the same amount as the wage of each person hired or apprenticed. Other programmes combine subsidized employment with limited-term employment contracts for young people. Work training contracts may provide incentives to employers who recruit young former members of armed forces and groups and provide them with on-the-job training. Care should be taken to make sure that this opportunity includes youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, in order to incentivize employers to work with a group that they may have otherwise been wary of. Furthermore, DDR practitioners should develop an efficient monitoring system to make sure that training, mentoring and employment incentives are used to improve employability, rather than turn youth into a cheap source of labour.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1042, "Sentence":"For example, construction companies could receive certain DDR-related contracts on the condition that their labour force includes a high percentage of youth or even a specific group of youth, such as female youth who are ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR example construction company could receive certain ddrrelated contract condition labour force includes high percentage youth even specific group youth female youth excombatants ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.11 Wage incentives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Employers may be hesitant to hire youth who are former members of armed forces or groups for a wide range of reasons. These reasons may include distrust, image\/perceptions, as well as issues of discrimination linked to ethnicity, sociocultural background, political and\/or religious beliefs, gender, etc. To help overcome barriers and create opportunities, employers should be given incentives to hire youth or create apprenticeship places. For example, construction companies could receive certain DDR-related contracts on the condition that their labour force includes a high percentage of youth or even a specific group of youth, such as female youth who are ex-combatants. Wage subsidies and other incentives, such as tax exemptions for a limited period, can also be offered to employers who hire young former members of armed forces and groups. This can, for example, pay for the cost of initial training required for young workers. These subsidies can be particularly useful in enabling certain groups of youth to access the labour market (e.g., ex-combatants with disabilities), or areas of the labour market that may traditionally be off limits (e.g., female ex-combatants with a desire to work in traditionally male dominated areas).There are many schemes for sharing initial hiring costs between employers and government. The main issues to be decided are the length of the period in which young people will be employed; the amount of subsidy or other compensation employers will receive; and the type of contracts that young people will be offered. Employers may, for example, receive the same amount as the wage of each person hired or apprenticed. Other programmes combine subsidized employment with limited-term employment contracts for young people. Work training contracts may provide incentives to employers who recruit young former members of armed forces and groups and provide them with on-the-job training. Care should be taken to make sure that this opportunity includes youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, in order to incentivize employers to work with a group that they may have otherwise been wary of. Furthermore, DDR practitioners should develop an efficient monitoring system to make sure that training, mentoring and employment incentives are used to improve employability, rather than turn youth into a cheap source of labour.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1042, "Sentence":"Wage subsidies and other incentives, such as tax exemptions for a limited period, can also be offered to employers who hire young former members of armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR wage subsidy incentive tax exemption limited period also offered employer hire young former member armed force group ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.11 Wage incentives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Employers may be hesitant to hire youth who are former members of armed forces or groups for a wide range of reasons. These reasons may include distrust, image\/perceptions, as well as issues of discrimination linked to ethnicity, sociocultural background, political and\/or religious beliefs, gender, etc. To help overcome barriers and create opportunities, employers should be given incentives to hire youth or create apprenticeship places. For example, construction companies could receive certain DDR-related contracts on the condition that their labour force includes a high percentage of youth or even a specific group of youth, such as female youth who are ex-combatants. Wage subsidies and other incentives, such as tax exemptions for a limited period, can also be offered to employers who hire young former members of armed forces and groups. This can, for example, pay for the cost of initial training required for young workers. These subsidies can be particularly useful in enabling certain groups of youth to access the labour market (e.g., ex-combatants with disabilities), or areas of the labour market that may traditionally be off limits (e.g., female ex-combatants with a desire to work in traditionally male dominated areas).There are many schemes for sharing initial hiring costs between employers and government. The main issues to be decided are the length of the period in which young people will be employed; the amount of subsidy or other compensation employers will receive; and the type of contracts that young people will be offered. Employers may, for example, receive the same amount as the wage of each person hired or apprenticed. Other programmes combine subsidized employment with limited-term employment contracts for young people. Work training contracts may provide incentives to employers who recruit young former members of armed forces and groups and provide them with on-the-job training. Care should be taken to make sure that this opportunity includes youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, in order to incentivize employers to work with a group that they may have otherwise been wary of. Furthermore, DDR practitioners should develop an efficient monitoring system to make sure that training, mentoring and employment incentives are used to improve employability, rather than turn youth into a cheap source of labour.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1042, "Sentence":"This can, for example, pay for the cost of initial training required for young workers.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR example pay cost initial training required young worker ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.11 Wage incentives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Employers may be hesitant to hire youth who are former members of armed forces or groups for a wide range of reasons. These reasons may include distrust, image\/perceptions, as well as issues of discrimination linked to ethnicity, sociocultural background, political and\/or religious beliefs, gender, etc. To help overcome barriers and create opportunities, employers should be given incentives to hire youth or create apprenticeship places. For example, construction companies could receive certain DDR-related contracts on the condition that their labour force includes a high percentage of youth or even a specific group of youth, such as female youth who are ex-combatants. Wage subsidies and other incentives, such as tax exemptions for a limited period, can also be offered to employers who hire young former members of armed forces and groups. This can, for example, pay for the cost of initial training required for young workers. These subsidies can be particularly useful in enabling certain groups of youth to access the labour market (e.g., ex-combatants with disabilities), or areas of the labour market that may traditionally be off limits (e.g., female ex-combatants with a desire to work in traditionally male dominated areas).There are many schemes for sharing initial hiring costs between employers and government. The main issues to be decided are the length of the period in which young people will be employed; the amount of subsidy or other compensation employers will receive; and the type of contracts that young people will be offered. Employers may, for example, receive the same amount as the wage of each person hired or apprenticed. Other programmes combine subsidized employment with limited-term employment contracts for young people. Work training contracts may provide incentives to employers who recruit young former members of armed forces and groups and provide them with on-the-job training. Care should be taken to make sure that this opportunity includes youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, in order to incentivize employers to work with a group that they may have otherwise been wary of. Furthermore, DDR practitioners should develop an efficient monitoring system to make sure that training, mentoring and employment incentives are used to improve employability, rather than turn youth into a cheap source of labour.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1042, "Sentence":"These subsidies can be particularly useful in enabling certain groups of youth to access the labour market (e.g., ex-combatants with disabilities), or areas of the labour market that may traditionally be off limits (e.g., female ex-combatants with a desire to work in traditionally male dominated areas).There are many schemes for sharing initial hiring costs between employers and government.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR subsidy particularly useful enabling certain group youth access labour market e.g . excombatants disability area labour market may traditionally limit e.g . female excombatants desire work traditionally male dominated areas.there many scheme sharing initial hiring cost employer government ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.11 Wage incentives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Employers may be hesitant to hire youth who are former members of armed forces or groups for a wide range of reasons. These reasons may include distrust, image\/perceptions, as well as issues of discrimination linked to ethnicity, sociocultural background, political and\/or religious beliefs, gender, etc. To help overcome barriers and create opportunities, employers should be given incentives to hire youth or create apprenticeship places. For example, construction companies could receive certain DDR-related contracts on the condition that their labour force includes a high percentage of youth or even a specific group of youth, such as female youth who are ex-combatants. Wage subsidies and other incentives, such as tax exemptions for a limited period, can also be offered to employers who hire young former members of armed forces and groups. This can, for example, pay for the cost of initial training required for young workers. These subsidies can be particularly useful in enabling certain groups of youth to access the labour market (e.g., ex-combatants with disabilities), or areas of the labour market that may traditionally be off limits (e.g., female ex-combatants with a desire to work in traditionally male dominated areas).There are many schemes for sharing initial hiring costs between employers and government. The main issues to be decided are the length of the period in which young people will be employed; the amount of subsidy or other compensation employers will receive; and the type of contracts that young people will be offered. Employers may, for example, receive the same amount as the wage of each person hired or apprenticed. Other programmes combine subsidized employment with limited-term employment contracts for young people. Work training contracts may provide incentives to employers who recruit young former members of armed forces and groups and provide them with on-the-job training. Care should be taken to make sure that this opportunity includes youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, in order to incentivize employers to work with a group that they may have otherwise been wary of. Furthermore, DDR practitioners should develop an efficient monitoring system to make sure that training, mentoring and employment incentives are used to improve employability, rather than turn youth into a cheap source of labour.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1042, "Sentence":"The main issues to be decided are the length of the period in which young people will be employed; the amount of subsidy or other compensation employers will receive; and the type of contracts that young people will be offered.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR main issue decided length period young people employed amount subsidy compensation employer receive type contract young people offered ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.11 Wage incentives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Employers may be hesitant to hire youth who are former members of armed forces or groups for a wide range of reasons. These reasons may include distrust, image\/perceptions, as well as issues of discrimination linked to ethnicity, sociocultural background, political and\/or religious beliefs, gender, etc. To help overcome barriers and create opportunities, employers should be given incentives to hire youth or create apprenticeship places. For example, construction companies could receive certain DDR-related contracts on the condition that their labour force includes a high percentage of youth or even a specific group of youth, such as female youth who are ex-combatants. Wage subsidies and other incentives, such as tax exemptions for a limited period, can also be offered to employers who hire young former members of armed forces and groups. This can, for example, pay for the cost of initial training required for young workers. These subsidies can be particularly useful in enabling certain groups of youth to access the labour market (e.g., ex-combatants with disabilities), or areas of the labour market that may traditionally be off limits (e.g., female ex-combatants with a desire to work in traditionally male dominated areas).There are many schemes for sharing initial hiring costs between employers and government. The main issues to be decided are the length of the period in which young people will be employed; the amount of subsidy or other compensation employers will receive; and the type of contracts that young people will be offered. Employers may, for example, receive the same amount as the wage of each person hired or apprenticed. Other programmes combine subsidized employment with limited-term employment contracts for young people. Work training contracts may provide incentives to employers who recruit young former members of armed forces and groups and provide them with on-the-job training. Care should be taken to make sure that this opportunity includes youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, in order to incentivize employers to work with a group that they may have otherwise been wary of. Furthermore, DDR practitioners should develop an efficient monitoring system to make sure that training, mentoring and employment incentives are used to improve employability, rather than turn youth into a cheap source of labour.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1042, "Sentence":"Employers may, for example, receive the same amount as the wage of each person hired or apprenticed.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR employer may example receive amount wage person hired apprenticed ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.11 Wage incentives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Employers may be hesitant to hire youth who are former members of armed forces or groups for a wide range of reasons. These reasons may include distrust, image\/perceptions, as well as issues of discrimination linked to ethnicity, sociocultural background, political and\/or religious beliefs, gender, etc. To help overcome barriers and create opportunities, employers should be given incentives to hire youth or create apprenticeship places. For example, construction companies could receive certain DDR-related contracts on the condition that their labour force includes a high percentage of youth or even a specific group of youth, such as female youth who are ex-combatants. Wage subsidies and other incentives, such as tax exemptions for a limited period, can also be offered to employers who hire young former members of armed forces and groups. This can, for example, pay for the cost of initial training required for young workers. These subsidies can be particularly useful in enabling certain groups of youth to access the labour market (e.g., ex-combatants with disabilities), or areas of the labour market that may traditionally be off limits (e.g., female ex-combatants with a desire to work in traditionally male dominated areas).There are many schemes for sharing initial hiring costs between employers and government. The main issues to be decided are the length of the period in which young people will be employed; the amount of subsidy or other compensation employers will receive; and the type of contracts that young people will be offered. Employers may, for example, receive the same amount as the wage of each person hired or apprenticed. Other programmes combine subsidized employment with limited-term employment contracts for young people. Work training contracts may provide incentives to employers who recruit young former members of armed forces and groups and provide them with on-the-job training. Care should be taken to make sure that this opportunity includes youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, in order to incentivize employers to work with a group that they may have otherwise been wary of. Furthermore, DDR practitioners should develop an efficient monitoring system to make sure that training, mentoring and employment incentives are used to improve employability, rather than turn youth into a cheap source of labour.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1042, "Sentence":"Other programmes combine subsidized employment with limited-term employment contracts for young people.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR programme combine subsidized employment limitedterm employment contract young people ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.11 Wage incentives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Employers may be hesitant to hire youth who are former members of armed forces or groups for a wide range of reasons. These reasons may include distrust, image\/perceptions, as well as issues of discrimination linked to ethnicity, sociocultural background, political and\/or religious beliefs, gender, etc. To help overcome barriers and create opportunities, employers should be given incentives to hire youth or create apprenticeship places. For example, construction companies could receive certain DDR-related contracts on the condition that their labour force includes a high percentage of youth or even a specific group of youth, such as female youth who are ex-combatants. Wage subsidies and other incentives, such as tax exemptions for a limited period, can also be offered to employers who hire young former members of armed forces and groups. This can, for example, pay for the cost of initial training required for young workers. These subsidies can be particularly useful in enabling certain groups of youth to access the labour market (e.g., ex-combatants with disabilities), or areas of the labour market that may traditionally be off limits (e.g., female ex-combatants with a desire to work in traditionally male dominated areas).There are many schemes for sharing initial hiring costs between employers and government. The main issues to be decided are the length of the period in which young people will be employed; the amount of subsidy or other compensation employers will receive; and the type of contracts that young people will be offered. Employers may, for example, receive the same amount as the wage of each person hired or apprenticed. Other programmes combine subsidized employment with limited-term employment contracts for young people. Work training contracts may provide incentives to employers who recruit young former members of armed forces and groups and provide them with on-the-job training. Care should be taken to make sure that this opportunity includes youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, in order to incentivize employers to work with a group that they may have otherwise been wary of. Furthermore, DDR practitioners should develop an efficient monitoring system to make sure that training, mentoring and employment incentives are used to improve employability, rather than turn youth into a cheap source of labour.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1042, "Sentence":"Work training contracts may provide incentives to employers who recruit young former members of armed forces and groups and provide them with on-the-job training.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR work training contract may provide incentive employer recruit young former member armed force group provide onthejob training ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.11 Wage incentives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Employers may be hesitant to hire youth who are former members of armed forces or groups for a wide range of reasons. These reasons may include distrust, image\/perceptions, as well as issues of discrimination linked to ethnicity, sociocultural background, political and\/or religious beliefs, gender, etc. To help overcome barriers and create opportunities, employers should be given incentives to hire youth or create apprenticeship places. For example, construction companies could receive certain DDR-related contracts on the condition that their labour force includes a high percentage of youth or even a specific group of youth, such as female youth who are ex-combatants. Wage subsidies and other incentives, such as tax exemptions for a limited period, can also be offered to employers who hire young former members of armed forces and groups. This can, for example, pay for the cost of initial training required for young workers. These subsidies can be particularly useful in enabling certain groups of youth to access the labour market (e.g., ex-combatants with disabilities), or areas of the labour market that may traditionally be off limits (e.g., female ex-combatants with a desire to work in traditionally male dominated areas).There are many schemes for sharing initial hiring costs between employers and government. The main issues to be decided are the length of the period in which young people will be employed; the amount of subsidy or other compensation employers will receive; and the type of contracts that young people will be offered. Employers may, for example, receive the same amount as the wage of each person hired or apprenticed. Other programmes combine subsidized employment with limited-term employment contracts for young people. Work training contracts may provide incentives to employers who recruit young former members of armed forces and groups and provide them with on-the-job training. Care should be taken to make sure that this opportunity includes youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, in order to incentivize employers to work with a group that they may have otherwise been wary of. Furthermore, DDR practitioners should develop an efficient monitoring system to make sure that training, mentoring and employment incentives are used to improve employability, rather than turn youth into a cheap source of labour.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1042, "Sentence":"Care should be taken to make sure that this opportunity includes youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, in order to incentivize employers to work with a group that they may have otherwise been wary of.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR care taken make sure opportunity includes youth former member armed force group order incentivize employer work group may otherwise wary ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.11 Wage incentives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Employers may be hesitant to hire youth who are former members of armed forces or groups for a wide range of reasons. These reasons may include distrust, image\/perceptions, as well as issues of discrimination linked to ethnicity, sociocultural background, political and\/or religious beliefs, gender, etc. To help overcome barriers and create opportunities, employers should be given incentives to hire youth or create apprenticeship places. For example, construction companies could receive certain DDR-related contracts on the condition that their labour force includes a high percentage of youth or even a specific group of youth, such as female youth who are ex-combatants. Wage subsidies and other incentives, such as tax exemptions for a limited period, can also be offered to employers who hire young former members of armed forces and groups. This can, for example, pay for the cost of initial training required for young workers. These subsidies can be particularly useful in enabling certain groups of youth to access the labour market (e.g., ex-combatants with disabilities), or areas of the labour market that may traditionally be off limits (e.g., female ex-combatants with a desire to work in traditionally male dominated areas).There are many schemes for sharing initial hiring costs between employers and government. The main issues to be decided are the length of the period in which young people will be employed; the amount of subsidy or other compensation employers will receive; and the type of contracts that young people will be offered. Employers may, for example, receive the same amount as the wage of each person hired or apprenticed. Other programmes combine subsidized employment with limited-term employment contracts for young people. Work training contracts may provide incentives to employers who recruit young former members of armed forces and groups and provide them with on-the-job training. Care should be taken to make sure that this opportunity includes youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, in order to incentivize employers to work with a group that they may have otherwise been wary of. Furthermore, DDR practitioners should develop an efficient monitoring system to make sure that training, mentoring and employment incentives are used to improve employability, rather than turn youth into a cheap source of labour.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1042, "Sentence":"Furthermore, DDR practitioners should develop an efficient monitoring system to make sure that training, mentoring and employment incentives are used to improve employability, rather than turn youth into a cheap source of labour.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR furthermore ddr practitioner develop efficient monitoring system make sure training mentoring employment incentive used improve employability rather turn youth cheap source labour ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.12 Trade unions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Trade unions should be encouraged to identify and share examples of good practice for organizing and recruiting young people. These include youth-recruiting-youth methods, networks of young trade union activists for sharing experiences, and other informal networks for exchanging information. Youth committees and working groups from different unions should be set up in order to share information, identify the needs and problems of young people and implement relevant policies and strategies. Young members can learn from other unions about how to open up job opportunities and improve working conditions. Tripartite consultations and collective bargaining can be used by unions to pressure governments and employers to deal with questions of youth employment and make youth issues part of policies and programmes. It is also a good idea to work with governments and workers\u2019 organizations to develop and implement strategies for youth reintegration that everyone involved supports. Decent work for youth can be made part of collective agreements negotiated by unions.Unions can also provide advice on workplace issues and proposed legislation, support and encourage the provision of social protection for both young people and adults, put pressure on employers and employers\u2019 organizations to prevent child labour, and make sure that young workers are informed about their rights and the role of trade unions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1043, "Sentence":"Trade unions should be encouraged to identify and share examples of good practice for organizing and recruiting young people.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR trade union encouraged identify share example good practice organizing recruiting young people ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.12 Trade unions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Trade unions should be encouraged to identify and share examples of good practice for organizing and recruiting young people. These include youth-recruiting-youth methods, networks of young trade union activists for sharing experiences, and other informal networks for exchanging information. Youth committees and working groups from different unions should be set up in order to share information, identify the needs and problems of young people and implement relevant policies and strategies. Young members can learn from other unions about how to open up job opportunities and improve working conditions. Tripartite consultations and collective bargaining can be used by unions to pressure governments and employers to deal with questions of youth employment and make youth issues part of policies and programmes. It is also a good idea to work with governments and workers\u2019 organizations to develop and implement strategies for youth reintegration that everyone involved supports. Decent work for youth can be made part of collective agreements negotiated by unions.Unions can also provide advice on workplace issues and proposed legislation, support and encourage the provision of social protection for both young people and adults, put pressure on employers and employers\u2019 organizations to prevent child labour, and make sure that young workers are informed about their rights and the role of trade unions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1043, "Sentence":"These include youth-recruiting-youth methods, networks of young trade union activists for sharing experiences, and other informal networks for exchanging information.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR include youthrecruitingyouth method network young trade union activist sharing experience informal network exchanging information ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.12 Trade unions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Trade unions should be encouraged to identify and share examples of good practice for organizing and recruiting young people. These include youth-recruiting-youth methods, networks of young trade union activists for sharing experiences, and other informal networks for exchanging information. Youth committees and working groups from different unions should be set up in order to share information, identify the needs and problems of young people and implement relevant policies and strategies. Young members can learn from other unions about how to open up job opportunities and improve working conditions. Tripartite consultations and collective bargaining can be used by unions to pressure governments and employers to deal with questions of youth employment and make youth issues part of policies and programmes. It is also a good idea to work with governments and workers\u2019 organizations to develop and implement strategies for youth reintegration that everyone involved supports. Decent work for youth can be made part of collective agreements negotiated by unions.Unions can also provide advice on workplace issues and proposed legislation, support and encourage the provision of social protection for both young people and adults, put pressure on employers and employers\u2019 organizations to prevent child labour, and make sure that young workers are informed about their rights and the role of trade unions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1043, "Sentence":"Youth committees and working groups from different unions should be set up in order to share information, identify the needs and problems of young people and implement relevant policies and strategies.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth committee working group different union set order share information identify need problem young people implement relevant policy strategy ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.12 Trade unions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Trade unions should be encouraged to identify and share examples of good practice for organizing and recruiting young people. These include youth-recruiting-youth methods, networks of young trade union activists for sharing experiences, and other informal networks for exchanging information. Youth committees and working groups from different unions should be set up in order to share information, identify the needs and problems of young people and implement relevant policies and strategies. Young members can learn from other unions about how to open up job opportunities and improve working conditions. Tripartite consultations and collective bargaining can be used by unions to pressure governments and employers to deal with questions of youth employment and make youth issues part of policies and programmes. It is also a good idea to work with governments and workers\u2019 organizations to develop and implement strategies for youth reintegration that everyone involved supports. Decent work for youth can be made part of collective agreements negotiated by unions.Unions can also provide advice on workplace issues and proposed legislation, support and encourage the provision of social protection for both young people and adults, put pressure on employers and employers\u2019 organizations to prevent child labour, and make sure that young workers are informed about their rights and the role of trade unions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1043, "Sentence":"Young members can learn from other unions about how to open up job opportunities and improve working conditions.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR young member learn union open job opportunity improve working condition ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.12 Trade unions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Trade unions should be encouraged to identify and share examples of good practice for organizing and recruiting young people. These include youth-recruiting-youth methods, networks of young trade union activists for sharing experiences, and other informal networks for exchanging information. Youth committees and working groups from different unions should be set up in order to share information, identify the needs and problems of young people and implement relevant policies and strategies. Young members can learn from other unions about how to open up job opportunities and improve working conditions. Tripartite consultations and collective bargaining can be used by unions to pressure governments and employers to deal with questions of youth employment and make youth issues part of policies and programmes. It is also a good idea to work with governments and workers\u2019 organizations to develop and implement strategies for youth reintegration that everyone involved supports. Decent work for youth can be made part of collective agreements negotiated by unions.Unions can also provide advice on workplace issues and proposed legislation, support and encourage the provision of social protection for both young people and adults, put pressure on employers and employers\u2019 organizations to prevent child labour, and make sure that young workers are informed about their rights and the role of trade unions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1043, "Sentence":"Tripartite consultations and collective bargaining can be used by unions to pressure governments and employers to deal with questions of youth employment and make youth issues part of policies and programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR tripartite consultation collective bargaining used union pressure government employer deal question youth employment make youth issue part policy programme ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.12 Trade unions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Trade unions should be encouraged to identify and share examples of good practice for organizing and recruiting young people. These include youth-recruiting-youth methods, networks of young trade union activists for sharing experiences, and other informal networks for exchanging information. Youth committees and working groups from different unions should be set up in order to share information, identify the needs and problems of young people and implement relevant policies and strategies. Young members can learn from other unions about how to open up job opportunities and improve working conditions. Tripartite consultations and collective bargaining can be used by unions to pressure governments and employers to deal with questions of youth employment and make youth issues part of policies and programmes. It is also a good idea to work with governments and workers\u2019 organizations to develop and implement strategies for youth reintegration that everyone involved supports. Decent work for youth can be made part of collective agreements negotiated by unions.Unions can also provide advice on workplace issues and proposed legislation, support and encourage the provision of social protection for both young people and adults, put pressure on employers and employers\u2019 organizations to prevent child labour, and make sure that young workers are informed about their rights and the role of trade unions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1043, "Sentence":"It is also a good idea to work with governments and workers\u2019 organizations to develop and implement strategies for youth reintegration that everyone involved supports.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR also good idea work government worker \u2019 organization develop implement strategy youth reintegration everyone involved support ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.12 Trade unions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Trade unions should be encouraged to identify and share examples of good practice for organizing and recruiting young people. These include youth-recruiting-youth methods, networks of young trade union activists for sharing experiences, and other informal networks for exchanging information. Youth committees and working groups from different unions should be set up in order to share information, identify the needs and problems of young people and implement relevant policies and strategies. Young members can learn from other unions about how to open up job opportunities and improve working conditions. Tripartite consultations and collective bargaining can be used by unions to pressure governments and employers to deal with questions of youth employment and make youth issues part of policies and programmes. It is also a good idea to work with governments and workers\u2019 organizations to develop and implement strategies for youth reintegration that everyone involved supports. Decent work for youth can be made part of collective agreements negotiated by unions.Unions can also provide advice on workplace issues and proposed legislation, support and encourage the provision of social protection for both young people and adults, put pressure on employers and employers\u2019 organizations to prevent child labour, and make sure that young workers are informed about their rights and the role of trade unions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1043, "Sentence":"Decent work for youth can be made part of collective agreements negotiated by unions.Unions can also provide advice on workplace issues and proposed legislation, support and encourage the provision of social protection for both young people and adults, put pressure on employers and employers\u2019 organizations to prevent child labour, and make sure that young workers are informed about their rights and the role of trade unions.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR decent work youth made part collective agreement negotiated unions.unions also provide advice workplace issue proposed legislation support encourage provision social protection young people adult put pressure employer employer \u2019 organization prevent child labour make sure young worker informed right role trade union ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.13 The private sector", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The private sector can play an important role in reintegration, not only through employers\u2019 organizations, but also because individual companies can contribute to the socioeconomic (re)integration of young people. There are a great many potential initiatives that the private sector can contribute to, ranging from strategic dialogue to high-risk arrangements. The private sector may sponsor scholarships and support education by, for example: sponsoring young people working toward higher qualifications that provide relevant skills for the labour market; sponsoring special events or school infrastructure, such as books and computers or other office equipment; and establishing meaningful traineeships that provide young people with valuable work experience and help them reintegrate into society. The private sector should also be encouraged to support young entrepreneurs during the critical first years of their new business. Large firms could introduce mentorship or coaching programmes, and offer practical support such as providing non-financial resources by allowing young people to use company facilities (internet, printer, etc.), which is a low-cost yet effective way of helping them to start their own businesses or apply for jobs. Volunteer work at a large business provides young entrepreneurs with valuable expertise, knowledge, experience and advice. This could also be provided in seminars and workshops. The private sector can also provide start-up capital, for example, by holding competitions to provide young people who develop innovative business ideas with start- up funding.Networks of small businesses run by young people should be helped to cooperate with each other and with other businesses, as well as with institutions such as universities and specialized institutions in particular sectors of the economy, so that they can better compete with large, well- established companies. They can cooperate and share the costs of buying more expensive equipment, as well as share experiences and knowledge.Public\u2013private partnerships can also assist youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, for e.g., by working together to provide employment service centres for young people. Training centres, job centres and microfinance providers should be linked to members of the private sector, be well informed of the needs and potential of youth, and adapt their services to help this group.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1044, "Sentence":"The private sector can play an important role in reintegration, not only through employers\u2019 organizations, but also because individual companies can contribute to the socioeconomic (re)integration of young people.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR private sector play important role reintegration employer \u2019 organization also individual company contribute socioeconomic reintegration young people ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.13 The private sector", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The private sector can play an important role in reintegration, not only through employers\u2019 organizations, but also because individual companies can contribute to the socioeconomic (re)integration of young people. There are a great many potential initiatives that the private sector can contribute to, ranging from strategic dialogue to high-risk arrangements. The private sector may sponsor scholarships and support education by, for example: sponsoring young people working toward higher qualifications that provide relevant skills for the labour market; sponsoring special events or school infrastructure, such as books and computers or other office equipment; and establishing meaningful traineeships that provide young people with valuable work experience and help them reintegrate into society. The private sector should also be encouraged to support young entrepreneurs during the critical first years of their new business. Large firms could introduce mentorship or coaching programmes, and offer practical support such as providing non-financial resources by allowing young people to use company facilities (internet, printer, etc.), which is a low-cost yet effective way of helping them to start their own businesses or apply for jobs. Volunteer work at a large business provides young entrepreneurs with valuable expertise, knowledge, experience and advice. This could also be provided in seminars and workshops. The private sector can also provide start-up capital, for example, by holding competitions to provide young people who develop innovative business ideas with start- up funding.Networks of small businesses run by young people should be helped to cooperate with each other and with other businesses, as well as with institutions such as universities and specialized institutions in particular sectors of the economy, so that they can better compete with large, well- established companies. They can cooperate and share the costs of buying more expensive equipment, as well as share experiences and knowledge.Public\u2013private partnerships can also assist youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, for e.g., by working together to provide employment service centres for young people. Training centres, job centres and microfinance providers should be linked to members of the private sector, be well informed of the needs and potential of youth, and adapt their services to help this group.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1044, "Sentence":"There are a great many potential initiatives that the private sector can contribute to, ranging from strategic dialogue to high-risk arrangements.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR great many potential initiative private sector contribute ranging strategic dialogue highrisk arrangement ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.13 The private sector", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The private sector can play an important role in reintegration, not only through employers\u2019 organizations, but also because individual companies can contribute to the socioeconomic (re)integration of young people. There are a great many potential initiatives that the private sector can contribute to, ranging from strategic dialogue to high-risk arrangements. The private sector may sponsor scholarships and support education by, for example: sponsoring young people working toward higher qualifications that provide relevant skills for the labour market; sponsoring special events or school infrastructure, such as books and computers or other office equipment; and establishing meaningful traineeships that provide young people with valuable work experience and help them reintegrate into society. The private sector should also be encouraged to support young entrepreneurs during the critical first years of their new business. Large firms could introduce mentorship or coaching programmes, and offer practical support such as providing non-financial resources by allowing young people to use company facilities (internet, printer, etc.), which is a low-cost yet effective way of helping them to start their own businesses or apply for jobs. Volunteer work at a large business provides young entrepreneurs with valuable expertise, knowledge, experience and advice. This could also be provided in seminars and workshops. The private sector can also provide start-up capital, for example, by holding competitions to provide young people who develop innovative business ideas with start- up funding.Networks of small businesses run by young people should be helped to cooperate with each other and with other businesses, as well as with institutions such as universities and specialized institutions in particular sectors of the economy, so that they can better compete with large, well- established companies. They can cooperate and share the costs of buying more expensive equipment, as well as share experiences and knowledge.Public\u2013private partnerships can also assist youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, for e.g., by working together to provide employment service centres for young people. Training centres, job centres and microfinance providers should be linked to members of the private sector, be well informed of the needs and potential of youth, and adapt their services to help this group.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1044, "Sentence":"The private sector may sponsor scholarships and support education by, for example: sponsoring young people working toward higher qualifications that provide relevant skills for the labour market; sponsoring special events or school infrastructure, such as books and computers or other office equipment; and establishing meaningful traineeships that provide young people with valuable work experience and help them reintegrate into society.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR private sector may sponsor scholarship support education example sponsoring young people working toward higher qualification provide relevant skill labour market sponsoring special event school infrastructure book computer office equipment establishing meaningful traineeship provide young people valuable work experience help reintegrate society ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.13 The private sector", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The private sector can play an important role in reintegration, not only through employers\u2019 organizations, but also because individual companies can contribute to the socioeconomic (re)integration of young people. There are a great many potential initiatives that the private sector can contribute to, ranging from strategic dialogue to high-risk arrangements. The private sector may sponsor scholarships and support education by, for example: sponsoring young people working toward higher qualifications that provide relevant skills for the labour market; sponsoring special events or school infrastructure, such as books and computers or other office equipment; and establishing meaningful traineeships that provide young people with valuable work experience and help them reintegrate into society. The private sector should also be encouraged to support young entrepreneurs during the critical first years of their new business. Large firms could introduce mentorship or coaching programmes, and offer practical support such as providing non-financial resources by allowing young people to use company facilities (internet, printer, etc.), which is a low-cost yet effective way of helping them to start their own businesses or apply for jobs. Volunteer work at a large business provides young entrepreneurs with valuable expertise, knowledge, experience and advice. This could also be provided in seminars and workshops. The private sector can also provide start-up capital, for example, by holding competitions to provide young people who develop innovative business ideas with start- up funding.Networks of small businesses run by young people should be helped to cooperate with each other and with other businesses, as well as with institutions such as universities and specialized institutions in particular sectors of the economy, so that they can better compete with large, well- established companies. They can cooperate and share the costs of buying more expensive equipment, as well as share experiences and knowledge.Public\u2013private partnerships can also assist youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, for e.g., by working together to provide employment service centres for young people. Training centres, job centres and microfinance providers should be linked to members of the private sector, be well informed of the needs and potential of youth, and adapt their services to help this group.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1044, "Sentence":"The private sector should also be encouraged to support young entrepreneurs during the critical first years of their new business.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR private sector also encouraged support young entrepreneur critical first year new business ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.13 The private sector", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The private sector can play an important role in reintegration, not only through employers\u2019 organizations, but also because individual companies can contribute to the socioeconomic (re)integration of young people. There are a great many potential initiatives that the private sector can contribute to, ranging from strategic dialogue to high-risk arrangements. The private sector may sponsor scholarships and support education by, for example: sponsoring young people working toward higher qualifications that provide relevant skills for the labour market; sponsoring special events or school infrastructure, such as books and computers or other office equipment; and establishing meaningful traineeships that provide young people with valuable work experience and help them reintegrate into society. The private sector should also be encouraged to support young entrepreneurs during the critical first years of their new business. Large firms could introduce mentorship or coaching programmes, and offer practical support such as providing non-financial resources by allowing young people to use company facilities (internet, printer, etc.), which is a low-cost yet effective way of helping them to start their own businesses or apply for jobs. Volunteer work at a large business provides young entrepreneurs with valuable expertise, knowledge, experience and advice. This could also be provided in seminars and workshops. The private sector can also provide start-up capital, for example, by holding competitions to provide young people who develop innovative business ideas with start- up funding.Networks of small businesses run by young people should be helped to cooperate with each other and with other businesses, as well as with institutions such as universities and specialized institutions in particular sectors of the economy, so that they can better compete with large, well- established companies. They can cooperate and share the costs of buying more expensive equipment, as well as share experiences and knowledge.Public\u2013private partnerships can also assist youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, for e.g., by working together to provide employment service centres for young people. Training centres, job centres and microfinance providers should be linked to members of the private sector, be well informed of the needs and potential of youth, and adapt their services to help this group.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1044, "Sentence":"Large firms could introduce mentorship or coaching programmes, and offer practical support such as providing non-financial resources by allowing young people to use company facilities (internet, printer, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR large firm could introduce mentorship coaching programme offer practical support providing nonfinancial resource allowing young people use company facility internet printer etc ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.13 The private sector", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The private sector can play an important role in reintegration, not only through employers\u2019 organizations, but also because individual companies can contribute to the socioeconomic (re)integration of young people. There are a great many potential initiatives that the private sector can contribute to, ranging from strategic dialogue to high-risk arrangements. The private sector may sponsor scholarships and support education by, for example: sponsoring young people working toward higher qualifications that provide relevant skills for the labour market; sponsoring special events or school infrastructure, such as books and computers or other office equipment; and establishing meaningful traineeships that provide young people with valuable work experience and help them reintegrate into society. The private sector should also be encouraged to support young entrepreneurs during the critical first years of their new business. Large firms could introduce mentorship or coaching programmes, and offer practical support such as providing non-financial resources by allowing young people to use company facilities (internet, printer, etc.), which is a low-cost yet effective way of helping them to start their own businesses or apply for jobs. Volunteer work at a large business provides young entrepreneurs with valuable expertise, knowledge, experience and advice. This could also be provided in seminars and workshops. The private sector can also provide start-up capital, for example, by holding competitions to provide young people who develop innovative business ideas with start- up funding.Networks of small businesses run by young people should be helped to cooperate with each other and with other businesses, as well as with institutions such as universities and specialized institutions in particular sectors of the economy, so that they can better compete with large, well- established companies. They can cooperate and share the costs of buying more expensive equipment, as well as share experiences and knowledge.Public\u2013private partnerships can also assist youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, for e.g., by working together to provide employment service centres for young people. Training centres, job centres and microfinance providers should be linked to members of the private sector, be well informed of the needs and potential of youth, and adapt their services to help this group.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1044, "Sentence":"), which is a low-cost yet effective way of helping them to start their own businesses or apply for jobs.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR lowcost yet effective way helping start business apply job ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.13 The private sector", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The private sector can play an important role in reintegration, not only through employers\u2019 organizations, but also because individual companies can contribute to the socioeconomic (re)integration of young people. There are a great many potential initiatives that the private sector can contribute to, ranging from strategic dialogue to high-risk arrangements. The private sector may sponsor scholarships and support education by, for example: sponsoring young people working toward higher qualifications that provide relevant skills for the labour market; sponsoring special events or school infrastructure, such as books and computers or other office equipment; and establishing meaningful traineeships that provide young people with valuable work experience and help them reintegrate into society. The private sector should also be encouraged to support young entrepreneurs during the critical first years of their new business. Large firms could introduce mentorship or coaching programmes, and offer practical support such as providing non-financial resources by allowing young people to use company facilities (internet, printer, etc.), which is a low-cost yet effective way of helping them to start their own businesses or apply for jobs. Volunteer work at a large business provides young entrepreneurs with valuable expertise, knowledge, experience and advice. This could also be provided in seminars and workshops. The private sector can also provide start-up capital, for example, by holding competitions to provide young people who develop innovative business ideas with start- up funding.Networks of small businesses run by young people should be helped to cooperate with each other and with other businesses, as well as with institutions such as universities and specialized institutions in particular sectors of the economy, so that they can better compete with large, well- established companies. They can cooperate and share the costs of buying more expensive equipment, as well as share experiences and knowledge.Public\u2013private partnerships can also assist youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, for e.g., by working together to provide employment service centres for young people. Training centres, job centres and microfinance providers should be linked to members of the private sector, be well informed of the needs and potential of youth, and adapt their services to help this group.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1044, "Sentence":"Volunteer work at a large business provides young entrepreneurs with valuable expertise, knowledge, experience and advice.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR volunteer work large business provides young entrepreneur valuable expertise knowledge experience advice ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.13 The private sector", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The private sector can play an important role in reintegration, not only through employers\u2019 organizations, but also because individual companies can contribute to the socioeconomic (re)integration of young people. There are a great many potential initiatives that the private sector can contribute to, ranging from strategic dialogue to high-risk arrangements. The private sector may sponsor scholarships and support education by, for example: sponsoring young people working toward higher qualifications that provide relevant skills for the labour market; sponsoring special events or school infrastructure, such as books and computers or other office equipment; and establishing meaningful traineeships that provide young people with valuable work experience and help them reintegrate into society. The private sector should also be encouraged to support young entrepreneurs during the critical first years of their new business. Large firms could introduce mentorship or coaching programmes, and offer practical support such as providing non-financial resources by allowing young people to use company facilities (internet, printer, etc.), which is a low-cost yet effective way of helping them to start their own businesses or apply for jobs. Volunteer work at a large business provides young entrepreneurs with valuable expertise, knowledge, experience and advice. This could also be provided in seminars and workshops. The private sector can also provide start-up capital, for example, by holding competitions to provide young people who develop innovative business ideas with start- up funding.Networks of small businesses run by young people should be helped to cooperate with each other and with other businesses, as well as with institutions such as universities and specialized institutions in particular sectors of the economy, so that they can better compete with large, well- established companies. They can cooperate and share the costs of buying more expensive equipment, as well as share experiences and knowledge.Public\u2013private partnerships can also assist youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, for e.g., by working together to provide employment service centres for young people. Training centres, job centres and microfinance providers should be linked to members of the private sector, be well informed of the needs and potential of youth, and adapt their services to help this group.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1044, "Sentence":"This could also be provided in seminars and workshops.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR could also provided seminar workshop ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.13 The private sector", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The private sector can play an important role in reintegration, not only through employers\u2019 organizations, but also because individual companies can contribute to the socioeconomic (re)integration of young people. There are a great many potential initiatives that the private sector can contribute to, ranging from strategic dialogue to high-risk arrangements. The private sector may sponsor scholarships and support education by, for example: sponsoring young people working toward higher qualifications that provide relevant skills for the labour market; sponsoring special events or school infrastructure, such as books and computers or other office equipment; and establishing meaningful traineeships that provide young people with valuable work experience and help them reintegrate into society. The private sector should also be encouraged to support young entrepreneurs during the critical first years of their new business. Large firms could introduce mentorship or coaching programmes, and offer practical support such as providing non-financial resources by allowing young people to use company facilities (internet, printer, etc.), which is a low-cost yet effective way of helping them to start their own businesses or apply for jobs. Volunteer work at a large business provides young entrepreneurs with valuable expertise, knowledge, experience and advice. This could also be provided in seminars and workshops. The private sector can also provide start-up capital, for example, by holding competitions to provide young people who develop innovative business ideas with start- up funding.Networks of small businesses run by young people should be helped to cooperate with each other and with other businesses, as well as with institutions such as universities and specialized institutions in particular sectors of the economy, so that they can better compete with large, well- established companies. They can cooperate and share the costs of buying more expensive equipment, as well as share experiences and knowledge.Public\u2013private partnerships can also assist youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, for e.g., by working together to provide employment service centres for young people. Training centres, job centres and microfinance providers should be linked to members of the private sector, be well informed of the needs and potential of youth, and adapt their services to help this group.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1044, "Sentence":"The private sector can also provide start-up capital, for example, by holding competitions to provide young people who develop innovative business ideas with start- up funding.Networks of small businesses run by young people should be helped to cooperate with each other and with other businesses, as well as with institutions such as universities and specialized institutions in particular sectors of the economy, so that they can better compete with large, well- established companies.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR private sector also provide startup capital example holding competition provide young people develop innovative business idea start funding.networks small business run young people helped cooperate business well institution university specialized institution particular sector economy better compete large well established company ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.13 The private sector", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The private sector can play an important role in reintegration, not only through employers\u2019 organizations, but also because individual companies can contribute to the socioeconomic (re)integration of young people. There are a great many potential initiatives that the private sector can contribute to, ranging from strategic dialogue to high-risk arrangements. The private sector may sponsor scholarships and support education by, for example: sponsoring young people working toward higher qualifications that provide relevant skills for the labour market; sponsoring special events or school infrastructure, such as books and computers or other office equipment; and establishing meaningful traineeships that provide young people with valuable work experience and help them reintegrate into society. The private sector should also be encouraged to support young entrepreneurs during the critical first years of their new business. Large firms could introduce mentorship or coaching programmes, and offer practical support such as providing non-financial resources by allowing young people to use company facilities (internet, printer, etc.), which is a low-cost yet effective way of helping them to start their own businesses or apply for jobs. Volunteer work at a large business provides young entrepreneurs with valuable expertise, knowledge, experience and advice. This could also be provided in seminars and workshops. The private sector can also provide start-up capital, for example, by holding competitions to provide young people who develop innovative business ideas with start- up funding.Networks of small businesses run by young people should be helped to cooperate with each other and with other businesses, as well as with institutions such as universities and specialized institutions in particular sectors of the economy, so that they can better compete with large, well- established companies. They can cooperate and share the costs of buying more expensive equipment, as well as share experiences and knowledge.Public\u2013private partnerships can also assist youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, for e.g., by working together to provide employment service centres for young people. Training centres, job centres and microfinance providers should be linked to members of the private sector, be well informed of the needs and potential of youth, and adapt their services to help this group.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1044, "Sentence":"They can cooperate and share the costs of buying more expensive equipment, as well as share experiences and knowledge.Public\u2013private partnerships can also assist youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, for e.g., by working together to provide employment service centres for young people.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR cooperate share cost buying expensive equipment well share experience knowledge.public\u2013private partnership also assist youth former member armed force group e.g . working together provide employment service centre young people ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.13 The private sector", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The private sector can play an important role in reintegration, not only through employers\u2019 organizations, but also because individual companies can contribute to the socioeconomic (re)integration of young people. There are a great many potential initiatives that the private sector can contribute to, ranging from strategic dialogue to high-risk arrangements. The private sector may sponsor scholarships and support education by, for example: sponsoring young people working toward higher qualifications that provide relevant skills for the labour market; sponsoring special events or school infrastructure, such as books and computers or other office equipment; and establishing meaningful traineeships that provide young people with valuable work experience and help them reintegrate into society. The private sector should also be encouraged to support young entrepreneurs during the critical first years of their new business. Large firms could introduce mentorship or coaching programmes, and offer practical support such as providing non-financial resources by allowing young people to use company facilities (internet, printer, etc.), which is a low-cost yet effective way of helping them to start their own businesses or apply for jobs. Volunteer work at a large business provides young entrepreneurs with valuable expertise, knowledge, experience and advice. This could also be provided in seminars and workshops. The private sector can also provide start-up capital, for example, by holding competitions to provide young people who develop innovative business ideas with start- up funding.Networks of small businesses run by young people should be helped to cooperate with each other and with other businesses, as well as with institutions such as universities and specialized institutions in particular sectors of the economy, so that they can better compete with large, well- established companies. They can cooperate and share the costs of buying more expensive equipment, as well as share experiences and knowledge.Public\u2013private partnerships can also assist youth who are former members of armed forces and groups, for e.g., by working together to provide employment service centres for young people. Training centres, job centres and microfinance providers should be linked to members of the private sector, be well informed of the needs and potential of youth, and adapt their services to help this group.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1044, "Sentence":"Training centres, job centres and microfinance providers should be linked to members of the private sector, be well informed of the needs and potential of youth, and adapt their services to help this group.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR training centre job centre microfinance provider linked member private sector well informed need potential youth adapt service help group ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR often severe competition postconflict labour market youth often limited access existing job ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR large majority youth need start business group individually ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR increase success rate ddr practitioner nn develop young people \u2019 ability deal problem face world work business development education ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR learn following set skill n enterprising \u2014 learning see respond opportunity n business development skill \u2014 learning investigate develop business idea n business management skill \u2014 learning get business going manage successfully ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"\\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR nn develop capacity young entrepreneur manage business positively contribute sustainable development community society harm ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"\\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR nn encourage business person agricultural leader support young young potential entrepreneur vital first year new enterprise transferring knowledge experience contact ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR providing onthejob learning mentoring including network association using youth business supply business ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR support young entrepreneur receives first year business better chance creating sustainable business becoming employable ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"\\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR nn ensure businessfocused ddr activity align national priority strategy order maximise potential access resource government support ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"\\n\\n provide access to business training.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR nn provide access business training ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR among several business training method start business startup start improve business siyb help train people train entrepreneur multiplier effect reach large number unemployed potential business starter ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR siyb sustainable cost effective method equips young entrepreneur practical management skill needed competitive business environment ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR illiteracy rate among young combatant high method available grassroots management training.4youth entrepreneurship likely effective supported enabling policy regulation ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR example efficient fair regulation business registration help young people start business formal economy ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR employer \u2019 organization play important role providing oneonone mentoring young entrepreneur ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR support mentor particularly effective young entrepreneur first year business startup since youth enterprise tend high failure rate ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR important youth control mentoring relationship engage ensure formed voluntary basis positive nature ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth may enjoy formal structure others informal arrangement preferable ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR groupbased youth entrepreneurship form association cooperative another important way providing decent job youth excombatants youth formerly associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR many obstacle young entrepreneur face overcome working team people ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR recognition ddr practitioner encourage business startup small group possible balance civilian former member armed force group ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr practitioner empower youth business monitoring performance defending interest business advisory service including employer \u2019 worker \u2019 organization providing access business development service microfinance creating favourable environment business development.a number issue may also need tackled relation youth entrepreneurship including n need investment premise equipment warehouse marketplace cooling store workplace equipment n size nature local market purchasing power availability raw material n economic infrastructure road communication energy n safety environment new equipment.given issue go beyond scope ddr direct link ddr development initiative programme encourage national international investment area ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.14 Youth Entrepreneurship", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"As there is often severe competition in post-conflict labour markets, youth will often have very limited access to existing jobs. The large majority of youth will need to start their own businesses, in groups or individually. To increase their success rate, DDR practitioners should: \\n\\n develop young people\u2019s ability to deal with the problems they will face in the world of work through business development education. They should learn the following sets of skills: \\n being enterprising \u2014 learning to see and respond to opportunities; \\n business development skills \u2014 learning to investigate and develop a business idea; \\n business management skills \u2014 learning how to get a business going and manage it successfully. \\n\\n develop the capacities of young entrepreneurs to manage businesses that positively contribute to sustainable development in their communities and societies and that do no harm. \\n\\n encourage business persons and agricultural leaders to support young (or young potential) entrepreneurs during the vital first years of their new enterprise by transferring their knowledge, experience and contacts to them. They can do this by providing on-the-job learning, mentoring, including them in their networks and associations, and using youth businesses to supply their own businesses. The more support a young entrepreneur receives in the first years of their business, the better their chances of creating a sustainable business or of becoming more employable. \\n\\n ensure business-focused DDR activities align with national priorities and strategies in order to maximise potential access to resources and government support. \\n\\n provide access to business training. Among several business training methods, Start Your Business, for start-ups, and Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) help train people who train entrepreneurs and through this multiplier effect, reach a large number of unemployed or potential business starters. SIYB is a sustainable and cost- effective method that equips young entrepreneurs with the practical management skills needed in a competitive business environment. If the illiteracy rate among young combatants is very high, other methods are available, such as Grassroots Management Training.4Youth entrepreneurship is more likely to be effective if supported by enabling policies and regulations. For example, efficient and fair regulations for business registration will help young people to start a business in the formal economy. Employers\u2019 organizations can play an important role in providing one-on-one mentoring to young entrepreneurs. Support from a mentor is particularly effective for young entrepreneurs during the first years of business start-up, since this is when youth enterprises tend to have high failure rates. It is important that youth themselves control the mentoring relationships they engage in to ensure these are formed on a voluntary basis and are positive in nature. Some youth may enjoy more formal structures, while for others an informal arrangement is preferable. Group-based youth entrepreneurship, in the form of associations or cooperatives, is another important way of providing decent jobs for youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. This is because many of the obstacles that young entrepreneurs face can be overcome by working in a team with other people. In recognition of this, DDR practitioners should encourage business start-ups in small groups and where possible there should be a balance between civilians and former members of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should empower these youth businesses by monitoring their performance and defending their interests through business advisory services, including them in employers\u2019 and workers\u2019 organizations, providing access to business development services and micro-finance, and creating a favourable environment for business development.A number of issues may also need to be tackled in relation to youth entrepreneurship, including: \\n the need for investment in premises and equipment (a warehouse, marketplace, cooling stores, workplace, equipment); \\n the size and nature of the local market (purchasing power and availability of raw materials); \\n the economic infrastructure (roads, communications, energy); and \\n the safety of the environment and of any new equipment.Given that such issues go beyond the scope of DDR, there should be direct links between DDR and other development initiatives or programmes to encourage national or international investments in these areas. Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1045, "Sentence":"Where possible, reintegration programmes should also source products and services from local suppliers.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR possible reintegration programme also source product service local supplier ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.15 Microfinance for youth", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Microcredit remains an important source of financial help for people who do not meet the criteria for regular bank loans and has wide reaching benefits in terms of enhancing social capital and facilitating conflict resolution and reconciliation through cross-group cooperation. Reintegration programmes should take active steps to provide microfinance options.The success of microfinance lies in its bottom-up approach, which allows for the establishment of new links among individuals, NGOs, governments and businesses. Traditionally, youth have largely been denied access to finance. While some young people are simply too young to sign legal contracts, there is also a perception that youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups are unpredictable, volatile, and therefore a high-risk group for credits or investments. These prejudices tend to disempower youth, turning them into passive receivers of assistance rather than enabling them to take charge of their own lives.Microfinance holds great potential for young people. Youth should be allowed access to loans within small cooperatives in which they can buy essential assets as a group. When the group members have together been able to save or accumulate some capital, the savings or loans group can be linked to, or even become, a microfinance institution with access to donor capital.Governments should assist youth to get credits on favourable terms to help them start their own business, e.g., by guaranteeing loans through microfinance institutions or temporarily subsidizing loans. In general, providing credit is a controversial issue, whether it aims at creating jobs or making profits. It is thus important to determine which lending agencies can best meet the specific needs of young entrepreneurs. With adequate support, such credit agencies can play an important role in helping young people to become successful entrepreneurs. Depending on the case, the credit can either be publicly or privately funded, or through a public-private partnership that would increase the buy-in of the local business community into the reintegration process.Microfinance programmes designed specifically for youth should be accompanied by complementary support services, including business training and other non-financial services such as business development services, information and counselling, skills development, and networking.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1046, "Sentence":"Microcredit remains an important source of financial help for people who do not meet the criteria for regular bank loans and has wide reaching benefits in terms of enhancing social capital and facilitating conflict resolution and reconciliation through cross-group cooperation.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR microcredit remains important source financial help people meet criterion regular bank loan wide reaching benefit term enhancing social capital facilitating conflict resolution reconciliation crossgroup cooperation ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.15 Microfinance for youth", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Microcredit remains an important source of financial help for people who do not meet the criteria for regular bank loans and has wide reaching benefits in terms of enhancing social capital and facilitating conflict resolution and reconciliation through cross-group cooperation. Reintegration programmes should take active steps to provide microfinance options.The success of microfinance lies in its bottom-up approach, which allows for the establishment of new links among individuals, NGOs, governments and businesses. Traditionally, youth have largely been denied access to finance. While some young people are simply too young to sign legal contracts, there is also a perception that youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups are unpredictable, volatile, and therefore a high-risk group for credits or investments. These prejudices tend to disempower youth, turning them into passive receivers of assistance rather than enabling them to take charge of their own lives.Microfinance holds great potential for young people. Youth should be allowed access to loans within small cooperatives in which they can buy essential assets as a group. When the group members have together been able to save or accumulate some capital, the savings or loans group can be linked to, or even become, a microfinance institution with access to donor capital.Governments should assist youth to get credits on favourable terms to help them start their own business, e.g., by guaranteeing loans through microfinance institutions or temporarily subsidizing loans. In general, providing credit is a controversial issue, whether it aims at creating jobs or making profits. It is thus important to determine which lending agencies can best meet the specific needs of young entrepreneurs. With adequate support, such credit agencies can play an important role in helping young people to become successful entrepreneurs. Depending on the case, the credit can either be publicly or privately funded, or through a public-private partnership that would increase the buy-in of the local business community into the reintegration process.Microfinance programmes designed specifically for youth should be accompanied by complementary support services, including business training and other non-financial services such as business development services, information and counselling, skills development, and networking.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1046, "Sentence":"Reintegration programmes should take active steps to provide microfinance options.The success of microfinance lies in its bottom-up approach, which allows for the establishment of new links among individuals, NGOs, governments and businesses.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR reintegration programme take active step provide microfinance options.the success microfinance lie bottomup approach allows establishment new link among individual ngo government business ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.15 Microfinance for youth", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Microcredit remains an important source of financial help for people who do not meet the criteria for regular bank loans and has wide reaching benefits in terms of enhancing social capital and facilitating conflict resolution and reconciliation through cross-group cooperation. Reintegration programmes should take active steps to provide microfinance options.The success of microfinance lies in its bottom-up approach, which allows for the establishment of new links among individuals, NGOs, governments and businesses. Traditionally, youth have largely been denied access to finance. While some young people are simply too young to sign legal contracts, there is also a perception that youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups are unpredictable, volatile, and therefore a high-risk group for credits or investments. These prejudices tend to disempower youth, turning them into passive receivers of assistance rather than enabling them to take charge of their own lives.Microfinance holds great potential for young people. Youth should be allowed access to loans within small cooperatives in which they can buy essential assets as a group. When the group members have together been able to save or accumulate some capital, the savings or loans group can be linked to, or even become, a microfinance institution with access to donor capital.Governments should assist youth to get credits on favourable terms to help them start their own business, e.g., by guaranteeing loans through microfinance institutions or temporarily subsidizing loans. In general, providing credit is a controversial issue, whether it aims at creating jobs or making profits. It is thus important to determine which lending agencies can best meet the specific needs of young entrepreneurs. With adequate support, such credit agencies can play an important role in helping young people to become successful entrepreneurs. Depending on the case, the credit can either be publicly or privately funded, or through a public-private partnership that would increase the buy-in of the local business community into the reintegration process.Microfinance programmes designed specifically for youth should be accompanied by complementary support services, including business training and other non-financial services such as business development services, information and counselling, skills development, and networking.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1046, "Sentence":"Traditionally, youth have largely been denied access to finance.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR traditionally youth largely denied access finance ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.15 Microfinance for youth", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Microcredit remains an important source of financial help for people who do not meet the criteria for regular bank loans and has wide reaching benefits in terms of enhancing social capital and facilitating conflict resolution and reconciliation through cross-group cooperation. Reintegration programmes should take active steps to provide microfinance options.The success of microfinance lies in its bottom-up approach, which allows for the establishment of new links among individuals, NGOs, governments and businesses. Traditionally, youth have largely been denied access to finance. While some young people are simply too young to sign legal contracts, there is also a perception that youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups are unpredictable, volatile, and therefore a high-risk group for credits or investments. These prejudices tend to disempower youth, turning them into passive receivers of assistance rather than enabling them to take charge of their own lives.Microfinance holds great potential for young people. Youth should be allowed access to loans within small cooperatives in which they can buy essential assets as a group. When the group members have together been able to save or accumulate some capital, the savings or loans group can be linked to, or even become, a microfinance institution with access to donor capital.Governments should assist youth to get credits on favourable terms to help them start their own business, e.g., by guaranteeing loans through microfinance institutions or temporarily subsidizing loans. In general, providing credit is a controversial issue, whether it aims at creating jobs or making profits. It is thus important to determine which lending agencies can best meet the specific needs of young entrepreneurs. With adequate support, such credit agencies can play an important role in helping young people to become successful entrepreneurs. Depending on the case, the credit can either be publicly or privately funded, or through a public-private partnership that would increase the buy-in of the local business community into the reintegration process.Microfinance programmes designed specifically for youth should be accompanied by complementary support services, including business training and other non-financial services such as business development services, information and counselling, skills development, and networking.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1046, "Sentence":"While some young people are simply too young to sign legal contracts, there is also a perception that youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups are unpredictable, volatile, and therefore a high-risk group for credits or investments.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR young people simply young sign legal contract also perception youth excombatants youth formerly associated armed force group unpredictable volatile therefore highrisk group credit investment ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.15 Microfinance for youth", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Microcredit remains an important source of financial help for people who do not meet the criteria for regular bank loans and has wide reaching benefits in terms of enhancing social capital and facilitating conflict resolution and reconciliation through cross-group cooperation. Reintegration programmes should take active steps to provide microfinance options.The success of microfinance lies in its bottom-up approach, which allows for the establishment of new links among individuals, NGOs, governments and businesses. Traditionally, youth have largely been denied access to finance. While some young people are simply too young to sign legal contracts, there is also a perception that youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups are unpredictable, volatile, and therefore a high-risk group for credits or investments. These prejudices tend to disempower youth, turning them into passive receivers of assistance rather than enabling them to take charge of their own lives.Microfinance holds great potential for young people. Youth should be allowed access to loans within small cooperatives in which they can buy essential assets as a group. When the group members have together been able to save or accumulate some capital, the savings or loans group can be linked to, or even become, a microfinance institution with access to donor capital.Governments should assist youth to get credits on favourable terms to help them start their own business, e.g., by guaranteeing loans through microfinance institutions or temporarily subsidizing loans. In general, providing credit is a controversial issue, whether it aims at creating jobs or making profits. It is thus important to determine which lending agencies can best meet the specific needs of young entrepreneurs. With adequate support, such credit agencies can play an important role in helping young people to become successful entrepreneurs. Depending on the case, the credit can either be publicly or privately funded, or through a public-private partnership that would increase the buy-in of the local business community into the reintegration process.Microfinance programmes designed specifically for youth should be accompanied by complementary support services, including business training and other non-financial services such as business development services, information and counselling, skills development, and networking.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1046, "Sentence":"These prejudices tend to disempower youth, turning them into passive receivers of assistance rather than enabling them to take charge of their own lives.Microfinance holds great potential for young people.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR prejudice tend disempower youth turning passive receiver assistance rather enabling take charge lives.microfinance hold great potential young people ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.15 Microfinance for youth", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Microcredit remains an important source of financial help for people who do not meet the criteria for regular bank loans and has wide reaching benefits in terms of enhancing social capital and facilitating conflict resolution and reconciliation through cross-group cooperation. Reintegration programmes should take active steps to provide microfinance options.The success of microfinance lies in its bottom-up approach, which allows for the establishment of new links among individuals, NGOs, governments and businesses. Traditionally, youth have largely been denied access to finance. While some young people are simply too young to sign legal contracts, there is also a perception that youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups are unpredictable, volatile, and therefore a high-risk group for credits or investments. These prejudices tend to disempower youth, turning them into passive receivers of assistance rather than enabling them to take charge of their own lives.Microfinance holds great potential for young people. Youth should be allowed access to loans within small cooperatives in which they can buy essential assets as a group. When the group members have together been able to save or accumulate some capital, the savings or loans group can be linked to, or even become, a microfinance institution with access to donor capital.Governments should assist youth to get credits on favourable terms to help them start their own business, e.g., by guaranteeing loans through microfinance institutions or temporarily subsidizing loans. In general, providing credit is a controversial issue, whether it aims at creating jobs or making profits. It is thus important to determine which lending agencies can best meet the specific needs of young entrepreneurs. With adequate support, such credit agencies can play an important role in helping young people to become successful entrepreneurs. Depending on the case, the credit can either be publicly or privately funded, or through a public-private partnership that would increase the buy-in of the local business community into the reintegration process.Microfinance programmes designed specifically for youth should be accompanied by complementary support services, including business training and other non-financial services such as business development services, information and counselling, skills development, and networking.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1046, "Sentence":"Youth should be allowed access to loans within small cooperatives in which they can buy essential assets as a group.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth allowed access loan within small cooperative buy essential asset group ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.15 Microfinance for youth", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Microcredit remains an important source of financial help for people who do not meet the criteria for regular bank loans and has wide reaching benefits in terms of enhancing social capital and facilitating conflict resolution and reconciliation through cross-group cooperation. Reintegration programmes should take active steps to provide microfinance options.The success of microfinance lies in its bottom-up approach, which allows for the establishment of new links among individuals, NGOs, governments and businesses. Traditionally, youth have largely been denied access to finance. While some young people are simply too young to sign legal contracts, there is also a perception that youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups are unpredictable, volatile, and therefore a high-risk group for credits or investments. These prejudices tend to disempower youth, turning them into passive receivers of assistance rather than enabling them to take charge of their own lives.Microfinance holds great potential for young people. Youth should be allowed access to loans within small cooperatives in which they can buy essential assets as a group. When the group members have together been able to save or accumulate some capital, the savings or loans group can be linked to, or even become, a microfinance institution with access to donor capital.Governments should assist youth to get credits on favourable terms to help them start their own business, e.g., by guaranteeing loans through microfinance institutions or temporarily subsidizing loans. In general, providing credit is a controversial issue, whether it aims at creating jobs or making profits. It is thus important to determine which lending agencies can best meet the specific needs of young entrepreneurs. With adequate support, such credit agencies can play an important role in helping young people to become successful entrepreneurs. Depending on the case, the credit can either be publicly or privately funded, or through a public-private partnership that would increase the buy-in of the local business community into the reintegration process.Microfinance programmes designed specifically for youth should be accompanied by complementary support services, including business training and other non-financial services such as business development services, information and counselling, skills development, and networking.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1046, "Sentence":"When the group members have together been able to save or accumulate some capital, the savings or loans group can be linked to, or even become, a microfinance institution with access to donor capital.Governments should assist youth to get credits on favourable terms to help them start their own business, e.g., by guaranteeing loans through microfinance institutions or temporarily subsidizing loans.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR group member together able save accumulate capital saving loan group linked even become microfinance institution access donor capital.governments assist youth get credit favourable term help start business e.g . guaranteeing loan microfinance institution temporarily subsidizing loan ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.15 Microfinance for youth", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Microcredit remains an important source of financial help for people who do not meet the criteria for regular bank loans and has wide reaching benefits in terms of enhancing social capital and facilitating conflict resolution and reconciliation through cross-group cooperation. Reintegration programmes should take active steps to provide microfinance options.The success of microfinance lies in its bottom-up approach, which allows for the establishment of new links among individuals, NGOs, governments and businesses. Traditionally, youth have largely been denied access to finance. While some young people are simply too young to sign legal contracts, there is also a perception that youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups are unpredictable, volatile, and therefore a high-risk group for credits or investments. These prejudices tend to disempower youth, turning them into passive receivers of assistance rather than enabling them to take charge of their own lives.Microfinance holds great potential for young people. Youth should be allowed access to loans within small cooperatives in which they can buy essential assets as a group. When the group members have together been able to save or accumulate some capital, the savings or loans group can be linked to, or even become, a microfinance institution with access to donor capital.Governments should assist youth to get credits on favourable terms to help them start their own business, e.g., by guaranteeing loans through microfinance institutions or temporarily subsidizing loans. In general, providing credit is a controversial issue, whether it aims at creating jobs or making profits. It is thus important to determine which lending agencies can best meet the specific needs of young entrepreneurs. With adequate support, such credit agencies can play an important role in helping young people to become successful entrepreneurs. Depending on the case, the credit can either be publicly or privately funded, or through a public-private partnership that would increase the buy-in of the local business community into the reintegration process.Microfinance programmes designed specifically for youth should be accompanied by complementary support services, including business training and other non-financial services such as business development services, information and counselling, skills development, and networking.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1046, "Sentence":"In general, providing credit is a controversial issue, whether it aims at creating jobs or making profits.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR general providing credit controversial issue whether aim creating job making profit ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.15 Microfinance for youth", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Microcredit remains an important source of financial help for people who do not meet the criteria for regular bank loans and has wide reaching benefits in terms of enhancing social capital and facilitating conflict resolution and reconciliation through cross-group cooperation. Reintegration programmes should take active steps to provide microfinance options.The success of microfinance lies in its bottom-up approach, which allows for the establishment of new links among individuals, NGOs, governments and businesses. Traditionally, youth have largely been denied access to finance. While some young people are simply too young to sign legal contracts, there is also a perception that youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups are unpredictable, volatile, and therefore a high-risk group for credits or investments. These prejudices tend to disempower youth, turning them into passive receivers of assistance rather than enabling them to take charge of their own lives.Microfinance holds great potential for young people. Youth should be allowed access to loans within small cooperatives in which they can buy essential assets as a group. When the group members have together been able to save or accumulate some capital, the savings or loans group can be linked to, or even become, a microfinance institution with access to donor capital.Governments should assist youth to get credits on favourable terms to help them start their own business, e.g., by guaranteeing loans through microfinance institutions or temporarily subsidizing loans. In general, providing credit is a controversial issue, whether it aims at creating jobs or making profits. It is thus important to determine which lending agencies can best meet the specific needs of young entrepreneurs. With adequate support, such credit agencies can play an important role in helping young people to become successful entrepreneurs. Depending on the case, the credit can either be publicly or privately funded, or through a public-private partnership that would increase the buy-in of the local business community into the reintegration process.Microfinance programmes designed specifically for youth should be accompanied by complementary support services, including business training and other non-financial services such as business development services, information and counselling, skills development, and networking.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1046, "Sentence":"It is thus important to determine which lending agencies can best meet the specific needs of young entrepreneurs.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR thus important determine lending agency best meet specific need young entrepreneur ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.15 Microfinance for youth", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Microcredit remains an important source of financial help for people who do not meet the criteria for regular bank loans and has wide reaching benefits in terms of enhancing social capital and facilitating conflict resolution and reconciliation through cross-group cooperation. Reintegration programmes should take active steps to provide microfinance options.The success of microfinance lies in its bottom-up approach, which allows for the establishment of new links among individuals, NGOs, governments and businesses. Traditionally, youth have largely been denied access to finance. While some young people are simply too young to sign legal contracts, there is also a perception that youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups are unpredictable, volatile, and therefore a high-risk group for credits or investments. These prejudices tend to disempower youth, turning them into passive receivers of assistance rather than enabling them to take charge of their own lives.Microfinance holds great potential for young people. Youth should be allowed access to loans within small cooperatives in which they can buy essential assets as a group. When the group members have together been able to save or accumulate some capital, the savings or loans group can be linked to, or even become, a microfinance institution with access to donor capital.Governments should assist youth to get credits on favourable terms to help them start their own business, e.g., by guaranteeing loans through microfinance institutions or temporarily subsidizing loans. In general, providing credit is a controversial issue, whether it aims at creating jobs or making profits. It is thus important to determine which lending agencies can best meet the specific needs of young entrepreneurs. With adequate support, such credit agencies can play an important role in helping young people to become successful entrepreneurs. Depending on the case, the credit can either be publicly or privately funded, or through a public-private partnership that would increase the buy-in of the local business community into the reintegration process.Microfinance programmes designed specifically for youth should be accompanied by complementary support services, including business training and other non-financial services such as business development services, information and counselling, skills development, and networking.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1046, "Sentence":"With adequate support, such credit agencies can play an important role in helping young people to become successful entrepreneurs.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR adequate support credit agency play important role helping young people become successful entrepreneur ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.15 Microfinance for youth", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Microcredit remains an important source of financial help for people who do not meet the criteria for regular bank loans and has wide reaching benefits in terms of enhancing social capital and facilitating conflict resolution and reconciliation through cross-group cooperation. Reintegration programmes should take active steps to provide microfinance options.The success of microfinance lies in its bottom-up approach, which allows for the establishment of new links among individuals, NGOs, governments and businesses. Traditionally, youth have largely been denied access to finance. While some young people are simply too young to sign legal contracts, there is also a perception that youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups are unpredictable, volatile, and therefore a high-risk group for credits or investments. These prejudices tend to disempower youth, turning them into passive receivers of assistance rather than enabling them to take charge of their own lives.Microfinance holds great potential for young people. Youth should be allowed access to loans within small cooperatives in which they can buy essential assets as a group. When the group members have together been able to save or accumulate some capital, the savings or loans group can be linked to, or even become, a microfinance institution with access to donor capital.Governments should assist youth to get credits on favourable terms to help them start their own business, e.g., by guaranteeing loans through microfinance institutions or temporarily subsidizing loans. In general, providing credit is a controversial issue, whether it aims at creating jobs or making profits. It is thus important to determine which lending agencies can best meet the specific needs of young entrepreneurs. With adequate support, such credit agencies can play an important role in helping young people to become successful entrepreneurs. Depending on the case, the credit can either be publicly or privately funded, or through a public-private partnership that would increase the buy-in of the local business community into the reintegration process.Microfinance programmes designed specifically for youth should be accompanied by complementary support services, including business training and other non-financial services such as business development services, information and counselling, skills development, and networking.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1046, "Sentence":"Depending on the case, the credit can either be publicly or privately funded, or through a public-private partnership that would increase the buy-in of the local business community into the reintegration process.Microfinance programmes designed specifically for youth should be accompanied by complementary support services, including business training and other non-financial services such as business development services, information and counselling, skills development, and networking.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR depending case credit either publicly privately funded publicprivate partnership would increase buyin local business community reintegration process.microfinance programme designed specifically youth accompanied complementary support service including business training nonfinancial service business development service information counselling skill development networking ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.16 The role of families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of young former members of armed forces and groups is more likely to be successful they receive support from their families. The family unit provides critical initial needs (shelter, food, clothing, etc.) and the beginning of a social network that can be crucial to community acceptance and finding employment, both important factors in minimising the risk of re-recruitment and in successful, sustained reintegration. Youth-focused reintegration programmes should develop initiatives that promote family reintegration through preparing families for youth returns, providing support to families who welcome back youth who are reintegrating, and working with families and communities to come together to reduce potential stigma that the family may experience for welcoming back a former member of an armed force or group.After serving in armed groups or forces in which they had status and even power, youth are likely to experience a sudden drop in their influence in families and communities. A community- based approach that elevates the position of youth and ensures their social and political inclusion, is central to the successful reintegration of youth. Young men and women should be explicitly involved in the decision-making structures that affect the reintegration process, to allow them to express their specific concerns and needs, and to build their sense of ownership of post-conflict reconstruction processes.Youth-focused reintegration programmes should emphasise the identification and support of role models to provide leadership to all youth. This may include young women who are engaged in non-gender-traditional employment to demonstrate the possibilities open to young women and to provide mentoring support to others in training and employment choices. Equally, it may include young men who challenge gender norms and promote non-violent conflict management who can help to change attitudes towards gender and violence in both young men and women. Youth who have successfully transitioned from military to civilian life may serve as mentors to those who have more recently made the transition, preferably in a group setting alongside civilian youth so as to avoid stigma and isolation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1047, "Sentence":"The reintegration of young former members of armed forces and groups is more likely to be successful they receive support from their families.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR reintegration young former member armed force group likely successful receive support family ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.16 The role of families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of young former members of armed forces and groups is more likely to be successful they receive support from their families. The family unit provides critical initial needs (shelter, food, clothing, etc.) and the beginning of a social network that can be crucial to community acceptance and finding employment, both important factors in minimising the risk of re-recruitment and in successful, sustained reintegration. Youth-focused reintegration programmes should develop initiatives that promote family reintegration through preparing families for youth returns, providing support to families who welcome back youth who are reintegrating, and working with families and communities to come together to reduce potential stigma that the family may experience for welcoming back a former member of an armed force or group.After serving in armed groups or forces in which they had status and even power, youth are likely to experience a sudden drop in their influence in families and communities. A community- based approach that elevates the position of youth and ensures their social and political inclusion, is central to the successful reintegration of youth. Young men and women should be explicitly involved in the decision-making structures that affect the reintegration process, to allow them to express their specific concerns and needs, and to build their sense of ownership of post-conflict reconstruction processes.Youth-focused reintegration programmes should emphasise the identification and support of role models to provide leadership to all youth. This may include young women who are engaged in non-gender-traditional employment to demonstrate the possibilities open to young women and to provide mentoring support to others in training and employment choices. Equally, it may include young men who challenge gender norms and promote non-violent conflict management who can help to change attitudes towards gender and violence in both young men and women. Youth who have successfully transitioned from military to civilian life may serve as mentors to those who have more recently made the transition, preferably in a group setting alongside civilian youth so as to avoid stigma and isolation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1047, "Sentence":"The family unit provides critical initial needs (shelter, food, clothing, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR family unit provides critical initial need shelter food clothing etc ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.16 The role of families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of young former members of armed forces and groups is more likely to be successful they receive support from their families. The family unit provides critical initial needs (shelter, food, clothing, etc.) and the beginning of a social network that can be crucial to community acceptance and finding employment, both important factors in minimising the risk of re-recruitment and in successful, sustained reintegration. Youth-focused reintegration programmes should develop initiatives that promote family reintegration through preparing families for youth returns, providing support to families who welcome back youth who are reintegrating, and working with families and communities to come together to reduce potential stigma that the family may experience for welcoming back a former member of an armed force or group.After serving in armed groups or forces in which they had status and even power, youth are likely to experience a sudden drop in their influence in families and communities. A community- based approach that elevates the position of youth and ensures their social and political inclusion, is central to the successful reintegration of youth. Young men and women should be explicitly involved in the decision-making structures that affect the reintegration process, to allow them to express their specific concerns and needs, and to build their sense of ownership of post-conflict reconstruction processes.Youth-focused reintegration programmes should emphasise the identification and support of role models to provide leadership to all youth. This may include young women who are engaged in non-gender-traditional employment to demonstrate the possibilities open to young women and to provide mentoring support to others in training and employment choices. Equally, it may include young men who challenge gender norms and promote non-violent conflict management who can help to change attitudes towards gender and violence in both young men and women. Youth who have successfully transitioned from military to civilian life may serve as mentors to those who have more recently made the transition, preferably in a group setting alongside civilian youth so as to avoid stigma and isolation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1047, "Sentence":"and the beginning of a social network that can be crucial to community acceptance and finding employment, both important factors in minimising the risk of re-recruitment and in successful, sustained reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR beginning social network crucial community acceptance finding employment important factor minimising risk rerecruitment successful sustained reintegration ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.16 The role of families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of young former members of armed forces and groups is more likely to be successful they receive support from their families. The family unit provides critical initial needs (shelter, food, clothing, etc.) and the beginning of a social network that can be crucial to community acceptance and finding employment, both important factors in minimising the risk of re-recruitment and in successful, sustained reintegration. Youth-focused reintegration programmes should develop initiatives that promote family reintegration through preparing families for youth returns, providing support to families who welcome back youth who are reintegrating, and working with families and communities to come together to reduce potential stigma that the family may experience for welcoming back a former member of an armed force or group.After serving in armed groups or forces in which they had status and even power, youth are likely to experience a sudden drop in their influence in families and communities. A community- based approach that elevates the position of youth and ensures their social and political inclusion, is central to the successful reintegration of youth. Young men and women should be explicitly involved in the decision-making structures that affect the reintegration process, to allow them to express their specific concerns and needs, and to build their sense of ownership of post-conflict reconstruction processes.Youth-focused reintegration programmes should emphasise the identification and support of role models to provide leadership to all youth. This may include young women who are engaged in non-gender-traditional employment to demonstrate the possibilities open to young women and to provide mentoring support to others in training and employment choices. Equally, it may include young men who challenge gender norms and promote non-violent conflict management who can help to change attitudes towards gender and violence in both young men and women. Youth who have successfully transitioned from military to civilian life may serve as mentors to those who have more recently made the transition, preferably in a group setting alongside civilian youth so as to avoid stigma and isolation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1047, "Sentence":"Youth-focused reintegration programmes should develop initiatives that promote family reintegration through preparing families for youth returns, providing support to families who welcome back youth who are reintegrating, and working with families and communities to come together to reduce potential stigma that the family may experience for welcoming back a former member of an armed force or group.After serving in armed groups or forces in which they had status and even power, youth are likely to experience a sudden drop in their influence in families and communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youthfocused reintegration programme develop initiative promote family reintegration preparing family youth return providing support family welcome back youth reintegrating working family community come together reduce potential stigma family may experience welcoming back former member armed force group.after serving armed group force status even power youth likely experience sudden drop influence family community ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.16 The role of families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of young former members of armed forces and groups is more likely to be successful they receive support from their families. The family unit provides critical initial needs (shelter, food, clothing, etc.) and the beginning of a social network that can be crucial to community acceptance and finding employment, both important factors in minimising the risk of re-recruitment and in successful, sustained reintegration. Youth-focused reintegration programmes should develop initiatives that promote family reintegration through preparing families for youth returns, providing support to families who welcome back youth who are reintegrating, and working with families and communities to come together to reduce potential stigma that the family may experience for welcoming back a former member of an armed force or group.After serving in armed groups or forces in which they had status and even power, youth are likely to experience a sudden drop in their influence in families and communities. A community- based approach that elevates the position of youth and ensures their social and political inclusion, is central to the successful reintegration of youth. Young men and women should be explicitly involved in the decision-making structures that affect the reintegration process, to allow them to express their specific concerns and needs, and to build their sense of ownership of post-conflict reconstruction processes.Youth-focused reintegration programmes should emphasise the identification and support of role models to provide leadership to all youth. This may include young women who are engaged in non-gender-traditional employment to demonstrate the possibilities open to young women and to provide mentoring support to others in training and employment choices. Equally, it may include young men who challenge gender norms and promote non-violent conflict management who can help to change attitudes towards gender and violence in both young men and women. Youth who have successfully transitioned from military to civilian life may serve as mentors to those who have more recently made the transition, preferably in a group setting alongside civilian youth so as to avoid stigma and isolation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1047, "Sentence":"A community- based approach that elevates the position of youth and ensures their social and political inclusion, is central to the successful reintegration of youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR community based approach elevates position youth ensures social political inclusion central successful reintegration youth ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.16 The role of families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of young former members of armed forces and groups is more likely to be successful they receive support from their families. The family unit provides critical initial needs (shelter, food, clothing, etc.) and the beginning of a social network that can be crucial to community acceptance and finding employment, both important factors in minimising the risk of re-recruitment and in successful, sustained reintegration. Youth-focused reintegration programmes should develop initiatives that promote family reintegration through preparing families for youth returns, providing support to families who welcome back youth who are reintegrating, and working with families and communities to come together to reduce potential stigma that the family may experience for welcoming back a former member of an armed force or group.After serving in armed groups or forces in which they had status and even power, youth are likely to experience a sudden drop in their influence in families and communities. A community- based approach that elevates the position of youth and ensures their social and political inclusion, is central to the successful reintegration of youth. Young men and women should be explicitly involved in the decision-making structures that affect the reintegration process, to allow them to express their specific concerns and needs, and to build their sense of ownership of post-conflict reconstruction processes.Youth-focused reintegration programmes should emphasise the identification and support of role models to provide leadership to all youth. This may include young women who are engaged in non-gender-traditional employment to demonstrate the possibilities open to young women and to provide mentoring support to others in training and employment choices. Equally, it may include young men who challenge gender norms and promote non-violent conflict management who can help to change attitudes towards gender and violence in both young men and women. Youth who have successfully transitioned from military to civilian life may serve as mentors to those who have more recently made the transition, preferably in a group setting alongside civilian youth so as to avoid stigma and isolation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1047, "Sentence":"Young men and women should be explicitly involved in the decision-making structures that affect the reintegration process, to allow them to express their specific concerns and needs, and to build their sense of ownership of post-conflict reconstruction processes.Youth-focused reintegration programmes should emphasise the identification and support of role models to provide leadership to all youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR young men woman explicitly involved decisionmaking structure affect reintegration process allow express specific concern need build sense ownership postconflict reconstruction processes.youthfocused reintegration programme emphasise identification support role model provide leadership youth ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.16 The role of families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of young former members of armed forces and groups is more likely to be successful they receive support from their families. The family unit provides critical initial needs (shelter, food, clothing, etc.) and the beginning of a social network that can be crucial to community acceptance and finding employment, both important factors in minimising the risk of re-recruitment and in successful, sustained reintegration. Youth-focused reintegration programmes should develop initiatives that promote family reintegration through preparing families for youth returns, providing support to families who welcome back youth who are reintegrating, and working with families and communities to come together to reduce potential stigma that the family may experience for welcoming back a former member of an armed force or group.After serving in armed groups or forces in which they had status and even power, youth are likely to experience a sudden drop in their influence in families and communities. A community- based approach that elevates the position of youth and ensures their social and political inclusion, is central to the successful reintegration of youth. Young men and women should be explicitly involved in the decision-making structures that affect the reintegration process, to allow them to express their specific concerns and needs, and to build their sense of ownership of post-conflict reconstruction processes.Youth-focused reintegration programmes should emphasise the identification and support of role models to provide leadership to all youth. This may include young women who are engaged in non-gender-traditional employment to demonstrate the possibilities open to young women and to provide mentoring support to others in training and employment choices. Equally, it may include young men who challenge gender norms and promote non-violent conflict management who can help to change attitudes towards gender and violence in both young men and women. Youth who have successfully transitioned from military to civilian life may serve as mentors to those who have more recently made the transition, preferably in a group setting alongside civilian youth so as to avoid stigma and isolation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1047, "Sentence":"This may include young women who are engaged in non-gender-traditional employment to demonstrate the possibilities open to young women and to provide mentoring support to others in training and employment choices.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR may include young woman engaged nongendertraditional employment demonstrate possibility open young woman provide mentoring support others training employment choice ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.16 The role of families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of young former members of armed forces and groups is more likely to be successful they receive support from their families. The family unit provides critical initial needs (shelter, food, clothing, etc.) and the beginning of a social network that can be crucial to community acceptance and finding employment, both important factors in minimising the risk of re-recruitment and in successful, sustained reintegration. Youth-focused reintegration programmes should develop initiatives that promote family reintegration through preparing families for youth returns, providing support to families who welcome back youth who are reintegrating, and working with families and communities to come together to reduce potential stigma that the family may experience for welcoming back a former member of an armed force or group.After serving in armed groups or forces in which they had status and even power, youth are likely to experience a sudden drop in their influence in families and communities. A community- based approach that elevates the position of youth and ensures their social and political inclusion, is central to the successful reintegration of youth. Young men and women should be explicitly involved in the decision-making structures that affect the reintegration process, to allow them to express their specific concerns and needs, and to build their sense of ownership of post-conflict reconstruction processes.Youth-focused reintegration programmes should emphasise the identification and support of role models to provide leadership to all youth. This may include young women who are engaged in non-gender-traditional employment to demonstrate the possibilities open to young women and to provide mentoring support to others in training and employment choices. Equally, it may include young men who challenge gender norms and promote non-violent conflict management who can help to change attitudes towards gender and violence in both young men and women. Youth who have successfully transitioned from military to civilian life may serve as mentors to those who have more recently made the transition, preferably in a group setting alongside civilian youth so as to avoid stigma and isolation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1047, "Sentence":"Equally, it may include young men who challenge gender norms and promote non-violent conflict management who can help to change attitudes towards gender and violence in both young men and women.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR equally may include young men challenge gender norm promote nonviolent conflict management help change attitude towards gender violence young men woman ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.16 The role of families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The reintegration of young former members of armed forces and groups is more likely to be successful they receive support from their families. The family unit provides critical initial needs (shelter, food, clothing, etc.) and the beginning of a social network that can be crucial to community acceptance and finding employment, both important factors in minimising the risk of re-recruitment and in successful, sustained reintegration. Youth-focused reintegration programmes should develop initiatives that promote family reintegration through preparing families for youth returns, providing support to families who welcome back youth who are reintegrating, and working with families and communities to come together to reduce potential stigma that the family may experience for welcoming back a former member of an armed force or group.After serving in armed groups or forces in which they had status and even power, youth are likely to experience a sudden drop in their influence in families and communities. A community- based approach that elevates the position of youth and ensures their social and political inclusion, is central to the successful reintegration of youth. Young men and women should be explicitly involved in the decision-making structures that affect the reintegration process, to allow them to express their specific concerns and needs, and to build their sense of ownership of post-conflict reconstruction processes.Youth-focused reintegration programmes should emphasise the identification and support of role models to provide leadership to all youth. This may include young women who are engaged in non-gender-traditional employment to demonstrate the possibilities open to young women and to provide mentoring support to others in training and employment choices. Equally, it may include young men who challenge gender norms and promote non-violent conflict management who can help to change attitudes towards gender and violence in both young men and women. Youth who have successfully transitioned from military to civilian life may serve as mentors to those who have more recently made the transition, preferably in a group setting alongside civilian youth so as to avoid stigma and isolation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1047, "Sentence":"Youth who have successfully transitioned from military to civilian life may serve as mentors to those who have more recently made the transition, preferably in a group setting alongside civilian youth so as to avoid stigma and isolation.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth successfully transitioned military civilian life may serve mentor recently made transition preferably group setting alongside civilian youth avoid stigma isolation ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR political marginalization significant driving factor behind youth rerecruitment armed force group ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ensuring youth necessary appropriate level voice representation community nationally critical element successful reintegration.reintegration support aim create opportunity young people \u2019 civic political engagement local level including strategy ensuring inclusion youth former combatant youth formerly associated armed force group local decisionmaking process ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR programmatic collaboration communitybased organization ngo engaging political development initiative e.g . political party capacity development establishment youth parliament identify promote opportunity youth engagement useful way develop stream work ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR national level ddr practitioner coordinate collaborate national youth organisation help facilitate social relation peer opportunity engage youthled political initiative ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR accompanied aforementioned lifeskills including civic education could jointly attended civilian youth ensure conflict sensitive approach.youth excombatants youth formerly associated armed force group potential play significant positive role peace building ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR reintegration programme therefore make significant resource available promote youth agent change ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR programmatic intervention seeking promote role youth peaceful agent change might include n training programme youth former member armed force group otherwise political mediation grassroots organization advocacy ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"\\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n youthled community peace education programme utilising creative platform e.g ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR sport music visual art theatre dance promote culture nonviolence peace n youth managed peer education mentoring programme promoting equality trust thoughtprovoking learning issue sgbv social inclusion violence prevention climate change sustainable development among others ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"\\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n activity reusing scrapped weapon artistic symbolic purpose could included reintegration activity involving community youth effort build confidence connection youth well leave lasting message peace community ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"\\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n small grant facility youth former member armed force group otherwise supporting youth designed implemented social programme articulated community benefit ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"\\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n communitydriven development facility brings youth former member armed force group otherwise together community leader identify design implement small infrastructure project benefiting community providing employment ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"\\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n locallevel political forum enables youth engagement local decisionmaking process provides referral service access resource ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"\\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n national dialogue process coordinating relevant youth actor lobby greater youth participation formal political process give youth seat table local sub national national levels.such approach promote inclusion youth male female whether former member armed force group ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR however critical intervention youth owned youth drive initiative forward ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr practitioner community leader work local national authority formal informal help open space youth pursue activity ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR might first engaging joint activity benefit community demonstrate positive effect youth reconstruction process ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR important government convinced \u2018 added value \u2019 youth involvement reconstruction activity positive reason investing youth.after leaving armed force group youth may wish retain linkage political entity armed group previously affiliated ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR every person legal right freedom political expression considered supported stage planning implementation youthfocused ddr ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.2 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.2.17 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Political marginalization is a significant driving factor behind youth (re-)recruitment into armed forces and groups. Ensuring that youth have necessary and appropriate levels of voice and representation in their communities and nationally is a critical element of successful reintegration.Reintegration support should aim to create opportunities for young people\u2019s civic and political engagement at the local level, including strategies for ensuring the inclusion of youth former combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups in local decision-making processes. Programmatic collaboration with community-based organizations and NGOs engaging in political development initiatives (for e.g., political party capacity development and the establishment of youth parliaments) to identify and promote opportunities for youth engagement can be a useful way to develop this stream of work. At the national level, DDR practitioners should coordinate and collaborate with national youth organisations to help facilitate social relations with peers and opportunities to engage in youth-led political initiatives. This should be accompanied by the aforementioned life-skills, including civic education, which could be jointly attended by civilian youth, to ensure a conflict sensitive approach.Youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups have the potential to play a significant, positive role in peace building. Reintegration programmes should therefore make significant resources available to promote youth as agents of change. Programmatic interventions seeking to promote the role of youth as peaceful agents of change might include: \\n a training programme for youth (former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) in political mediation, grassroots organization and advocacy. \\n a youth-led community peace education programme utilising creative platforms (e.g. sport, music, visual arts, theatre and dance) to promote a culture of non-violence and peace \\n a youth managed peer education and mentoring programme promoting equality, trust and thought-provoking learning on issues such as SGBV, social inclusion, violence prevention, climate change and sustainable development, among others. \\n an activity reusing scrapped weapons for artistic and symbolic purposes could be included as a reintegration activity involving community youth in an effort to build confidence and connections between youth, as well as leave lasting messages for peace in communities. \\n a small grants facility for youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) supporting youth designed and implemented social programmes that have an articulated community benefit. \\n a community-driven development facility that brings youth (both former members of armed forces and groups and otherwise) together with community leaders to identify, design and implement small infrastructure projects benefiting the community (and providing employment). \\n a local-level political forum that enables youth to engagement in local decision-making processes and provides referral services for access to resources. \\n a national dialogue process, coordinating with other relevant youth actors, to lobby for greater youth participation in the formal political process and give youth a seat at the table at local, sub- national and national levels.Such an approach should promote the inclusion of all youth, male and female, whether former members of armed forces or groups or not. However, it is critical that such interventions are youth owned and that it is the youth themselves who drive these initiatives forward. DDR practitioners and community leaders can work with local and national authorities, formal and informal, to help open up space for youth to pursue these activities. This might be by first engaging in joint activities that benefit the community and demonstrate the positive effect youth can have on the reconstruction process. This is important as Governments should be convinced of the \u2018added value\u2019 of youth involvement in reconstruction activities and of the positive reasons for investing in youth.After leaving armed forces and groups, youth may wish to retain some linkage with the political entity of the armed group to which they were previously affiliated. Every person has the legal right to freedom of political expression, which should be considered and supported at all stages of the planning and implementation of youth-focused DDR. DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1048, "Sentence":"DRR practitioners shall ensure that youth are not inadvertently prevented from freely expressing their rights.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR drr practitioner shall ensure youth inadvertently prevented freely expressing right ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Young people often lack a structured platform and the opportunity to have their voice heard by decision makers, comprised mainly of the elder generation. For this reason, the process by which national level peace agreements are negotiated often provides very little space for young people to share their perspectives. To counteract this, youth often create their own youth forums and networks. In some settings, interaction between different youth networks has been used to encourage trust- building between different communities and to reduce the risk of escalation to armed conflict. Some young people also informally mediate conflicts at the community level.The likelihood that a peace agreement will be sustainable in the future depends on the engagement of young people, as the ultimate owners, implementers and stakeholders of the peace process. UN Security Council Resolution 2250 recognises this, urging Member States to increase inclusive representation of youth in decision making, including direct involvement in peace processes.While youth may have the energy, flexibility and time to work on peacebuilding they may also lack exposure to education, theory, technical skill and best practice around peacebuilding and mediation. They may also be vulnerable to being instrumentalized by spoilers or other political actors during peace processes. Where possible, DDR practitioners should support the empowerment of youth to act as agents of positive change by advocating for youth representation in peace processes and for spaces through which youth can apply creative approaches to conflict resolution. DDR practitioners should also invest in the capacity development of young women and men in mediation and dialogue, and aim to strengthen existing youth-led efforts. All youth empowerment efforts should be developed and designed in consultation with young people. Seeing youth as positive assets for society and acting on that new perception is vital to prevent alienation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1049, "Sentence":"Young people often lack a structured platform and the opportunity to have their voice heard by decision makers, comprised mainly of the elder generation.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR young people often lack structured platform opportunity voice heard decision maker comprised mainly elder generation ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Young people often lack a structured platform and the opportunity to have their voice heard by decision makers, comprised mainly of the elder generation. For this reason, the process by which national level peace agreements are negotiated often provides very little space for young people to share their perspectives. To counteract this, youth often create their own youth forums and networks. In some settings, interaction between different youth networks has been used to encourage trust- building between different communities and to reduce the risk of escalation to armed conflict. Some young people also informally mediate conflicts at the community level.The likelihood that a peace agreement will be sustainable in the future depends on the engagement of young people, as the ultimate owners, implementers and stakeholders of the peace process. UN Security Council Resolution 2250 recognises this, urging Member States to increase inclusive representation of youth in decision making, including direct involvement in peace processes.While youth may have the energy, flexibility and time to work on peacebuilding they may also lack exposure to education, theory, technical skill and best practice around peacebuilding and mediation. They may also be vulnerable to being instrumentalized by spoilers or other political actors during peace processes. Where possible, DDR practitioners should support the empowerment of youth to act as agents of positive change by advocating for youth representation in peace processes and for spaces through which youth can apply creative approaches to conflict resolution. DDR practitioners should also invest in the capacity development of young women and men in mediation and dialogue, and aim to strengthen existing youth-led efforts. All youth empowerment efforts should be developed and designed in consultation with young people. Seeing youth as positive assets for society and acting on that new perception is vital to prevent alienation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1049, "Sentence":"For this reason, the process by which national level peace agreements are negotiated often provides very little space for young people to share their perspectives.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR reason process national level peace agreement negotiated often provides little space young people share perspective ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Young people often lack a structured platform and the opportunity to have their voice heard by decision makers, comprised mainly of the elder generation. For this reason, the process by which national level peace agreements are negotiated often provides very little space for young people to share their perspectives. To counteract this, youth often create their own youth forums and networks. In some settings, interaction between different youth networks has been used to encourage trust- building between different communities and to reduce the risk of escalation to armed conflict. Some young people also informally mediate conflicts at the community level.The likelihood that a peace agreement will be sustainable in the future depends on the engagement of young people, as the ultimate owners, implementers and stakeholders of the peace process. UN Security Council Resolution 2250 recognises this, urging Member States to increase inclusive representation of youth in decision making, including direct involvement in peace processes.While youth may have the energy, flexibility and time to work on peacebuilding they may also lack exposure to education, theory, technical skill and best practice around peacebuilding and mediation. They may also be vulnerable to being instrumentalized by spoilers or other political actors during peace processes. Where possible, DDR practitioners should support the empowerment of youth to act as agents of positive change by advocating for youth representation in peace processes and for spaces through which youth can apply creative approaches to conflict resolution. DDR practitioners should also invest in the capacity development of young women and men in mediation and dialogue, and aim to strengthen existing youth-led efforts. All youth empowerment efforts should be developed and designed in consultation with young people. Seeing youth as positive assets for society and acting on that new perception is vital to prevent alienation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1049, "Sentence":"To counteract this, youth often create their own youth forums and networks.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR counteract youth often create youth forum network ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Young people often lack a structured platform and the opportunity to have their voice heard by decision makers, comprised mainly of the elder generation. For this reason, the process by which national level peace agreements are negotiated often provides very little space for young people to share their perspectives. To counteract this, youth often create their own youth forums and networks. In some settings, interaction between different youth networks has been used to encourage trust- building between different communities and to reduce the risk of escalation to armed conflict. Some young people also informally mediate conflicts at the community level.The likelihood that a peace agreement will be sustainable in the future depends on the engagement of young people, as the ultimate owners, implementers and stakeholders of the peace process. UN Security Council Resolution 2250 recognises this, urging Member States to increase inclusive representation of youth in decision making, including direct involvement in peace processes.While youth may have the energy, flexibility and time to work on peacebuilding they may also lack exposure to education, theory, technical skill and best practice around peacebuilding and mediation. They may also be vulnerable to being instrumentalized by spoilers or other political actors during peace processes. Where possible, DDR practitioners should support the empowerment of youth to act as agents of positive change by advocating for youth representation in peace processes and for spaces through which youth can apply creative approaches to conflict resolution. DDR practitioners should also invest in the capacity development of young women and men in mediation and dialogue, and aim to strengthen existing youth-led efforts. All youth empowerment efforts should be developed and designed in consultation with young people. Seeing youth as positive assets for society and acting on that new perception is vital to prevent alienation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1049, "Sentence":"In some settings, interaction between different youth networks has been used to encourage trust- building between different communities and to reduce the risk of escalation to armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR setting interaction different youth network used encourage trust building different community reduce risk escalation armed conflict ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Young people often lack a structured platform and the opportunity to have their voice heard by decision makers, comprised mainly of the elder generation. For this reason, the process by which national level peace agreements are negotiated often provides very little space for young people to share their perspectives. To counteract this, youth often create their own youth forums and networks. In some settings, interaction between different youth networks has been used to encourage trust- building between different communities and to reduce the risk of escalation to armed conflict. Some young people also informally mediate conflicts at the community level.The likelihood that a peace agreement will be sustainable in the future depends on the engagement of young people, as the ultimate owners, implementers and stakeholders of the peace process. UN Security Council Resolution 2250 recognises this, urging Member States to increase inclusive representation of youth in decision making, including direct involvement in peace processes.While youth may have the energy, flexibility and time to work on peacebuilding they may also lack exposure to education, theory, technical skill and best practice around peacebuilding and mediation. They may also be vulnerable to being instrumentalized by spoilers or other political actors during peace processes. Where possible, DDR practitioners should support the empowerment of youth to act as agents of positive change by advocating for youth representation in peace processes and for spaces through which youth can apply creative approaches to conflict resolution. DDR practitioners should also invest in the capacity development of young women and men in mediation and dialogue, and aim to strengthen existing youth-led efforts. All youth empowerment efforts should be developed and designed in consultation with young people. Seeing youth as positive assets for society and acting on that new perception is vital to prevent alienation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1049, "Sentence":"Some young people also informally mediate conflicts at the community level.The likelihood that a peace agreement will be sustainable in the future depends on the engagement of young people, as the ultimate owners, implementers and stakeholders of the peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR young people also informally mediate conflict community level.the likelihood peace agreement sustainable future depends engagement young people ultimate owner implementers stakeholder peace process ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Young people often lack a structured platform and the opportunity to have their voice heard by decision makers, comprised mainly of the elder generation. For this reason, the process by which national level peace agreements are negotiated often provides very little space for young people to share their perspectives. To counteract this, youth often create their own youth forums and networks. In some settings, interaction between different youth networks has been used to encourage trust- building between different communities and to reduce the risk of escalation to armed conflict. Some young people also informally mediate conflicts at the community level.The likelihood that a peace agreement will be sustainable in the future depends on the engagement of young people, as the ultimate owners, implementers and stakeholders of the peace process. UN Security Council Resolution 2250 recognises this, urging Member States to increase inclusive representation of youth in decision making, including direct involvement in peace processes.While youth may have the energy, flexibility and time to work on peacebuilding they may also lack exposure to education, theory, technical skill and best practice around peacebuilding and mediation. They may also be vulnerable to being instrumentalized by spoilers or other political actors during peace processes. Where possible, DDR practitioners should support the empowerment of youth to act as agents of positive change by advocating for youth representation in peace processes and for spaces through which youth can apply creative approaches to conflict resolution. DDR practitioners should also invest in the capacity development of young women and men in mediation and dialogue, and aim to strengthen existing youth-led efforts. All youth empowerment efforts should be developed and designed in consultation with young people. Seeing youth as positive assets for society and acting on that new perception is vital to prevent alienation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1049, "Sentence":"UN Security Council Resolution 2250 recognises this, urging Member States to increase inclusive representation of youth in decision making, including direct involvement in peace processes.While youth may have the energy, flexibility and time to work on peacebuilding they may also lack exposure to education, theory, technical skill and best practice around peacebuilding and mediation.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR un security council resolution 2250 recognises urging member state increase inclusive representation youth decision making including direct involvement peace processes.while youth may energy flexibility time work peacebuilding may also lack exposure education theory technical skill best practice around peacebuilding mediation ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Young people often lack a structured platform and the opportunity to have their voice heard by decision makers, comprised mainly of the elder generation. For this reason, the process by which national level peace agreements are negotiated often provides very little space for young people to share their perspectives. To counteract this, youth often create their own youth forums and networks. In some settings, interaction between different youth networks has been used to encourage trust- building between different communities and to reduce the risk of escalation to armed conflict. Some young people also informally mediate conflicts at the community level.The likelihood that a peace agreement will be sustainable in the future depends on the engagement of young people, as the ultimate owners, implementers and stakeholders of the peace process. UN Security Council Resolution 2250 recognises this, urging Member States to increase inclusive representation of youth in decision making, including direct involvement in peace processes.While youth may have the energy, flexibility and time to work on peacebuilding they may also lack exposure to education, theory, technical skill and best practice around peacebuilding and mediation. They may also be vulnerable to being instrumentalized by spoilers or other political actors during peace processes. Where possible, DDR practitioners should support the empowerment of youth to act as agents of positive change by advocating for youth representation in peace processes and for spaces through which youth can apply creative approaches to conflict resolution. DDR practitioners should also invest in the capacity development of young women and men in mediation and dialogue, and aim to strengthen existing youth-led efforts. All youth empowerment efforts should be developed and designed in consultation with young people. Seeing youth as positive assets for society and acting on that new perception is vital to prevent alienation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1049, "Sentence":"They may also be vulnerable to being instrumentalized by spoilers or other political actors during peace processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR may also vulnerable instrumentalized spoiler political actor peace process ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Young people often lack a structured platform and the opportunity to have their voice heard by decision makers, comprised mainly of the elder generation. For this reason, the process by which national level peace agreements are negotiated often provides very little space for young people to share their perspectives. To counteract this, youth often create their own youth forums and networks. In some settings, interaction between different youth networks has been used to encourage trust- building between different communities and to reduce the risk of escalation to armed conflict. Some young people also informally mediate conflicts at the community level.The likelihood that a peace agreement will be sustainable in the future depends on the engagement of young people, as the ultimate owners, implementers and stakeholders of the peace process. UN Security Council Resolution 2250 recognises this, urging Member States to increase inclusive representation of youth in decision making, including direct involvement in peace processes.While youth may have the energy, flexibility and time to work on peacebuilding they may also lack exposure to education, theory, technical skill and best practice around peacebuilding and mediation. They may also be vulnerable to being instrumentalized by spoilers or other political actors during peace processes. Where possible, DDR practitioners should support the empowerment of youth to act as agents of positive change by advocating for youth representation in peace processes and for spaces through which youth can apply creative approaches to conflict resolution. DDR practitioners should also invest in the capacity development of young women and men in mediation and dialogue, and aim to strengthen existing youth-led efforts. All youth empowerment efforts should be developed and designed in consultation with young people. Seeing youth as positive assets for society and acting on that new perception is vital to prevent alienation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1049, "Sentence":"Where possible, DDR practitioners should support the empowerment of youth to act as agents of positive change by advocating for youth representation in peace processes and for spaces through which youth can apply creative approaches to conflict resolution.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR possible ddr practitioner support empowerment youth act agent positive change advocating youth representation peace process space youth apply creative approach conflict resolution ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Young people often lack a structured platform and the opportunity to have their voice heard by decision makers, comprised mainly of the elder generation. For this reason, the process by which national level peace agreements are negotiated often provides very little space for young people to share their perspectives. To counteract this, youth often create their own youth forums and networks. In some settings, interaction between different youth networks has been used to encourage trust- building between different communities and to reduce the risk of escalation to armed conflict. Some young people also informally mediate conflicts at the community level.The likelihood that a peace agreement will be sustainable in the future depends on the engagement of young people, as the ultimate owners, implementers and stakeholders of the peace process. UN Security Council Resolution 2250 recognises this, urging Member States to increase inclusive representation of youth in decision making, including direct involvement in peace processes.While youth may have the energy, flexibility and time to work on peacebuilding they may also lack exposure to education, theory, technical skill and best practice around peacebuilding and mediation. They may also be vulnerable to being instrumentalized by spoilers or other political actors during peace processes. Where possible, DDR practitioners should support the empowerment of youth to act as agents of positive change by advocating for youth representation in peace processes and for spaces through which youth can apply creative approaches to conflict resolution. DDR practitioners should also invest in the capacity development of young women and men in mediation and dialogue, and aim to strengthen existing youth-led efforts. All youth empowerment efforts should be developed and designed in consultation with young people. Seeing youth as positive assets for society and acting on that new perception is vital to prevent alienation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1049, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should also invest in the capacity development of young women and men in mediation and dialogue, and aim to strengthen existing youth-led efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR ddr practitioner also invest capacity development young woman men mediation dialogue aim strengthen existing youthled effort ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Young people often lack a structured platform and the opportunity to have their voice heard by decision makers, comprised mainly of the elder generation. For this reason, the process by which national level peace agreements are negotiated often provides very little space for young people to share their perspectives. To counteract this, youth often create their own youth forums and networks. In some settings, interaction between different youth networks has been used to encourage trust- building between different communities and to reduce the risk of escalation to armed conflict. Some young people also informally mediate conflicts at the community level.The likelihood that a peace agreement will be sustainable in the future depends on the engagement of young people, as the ultimate owners, implementers and stakeholders of the peace process. UN Security Council Resolution 2250 recognises this, urging Member States to increase inclusive representation of youth in decision making, including direct involvement in peace processes.While youth may have the energy, flexibility and time to work on peacebuilding they may also lack exposure to education, theory, technical skill and best practice around peacebuilding and mediation. They may also be vulnerable to being instrumentalized by spoilers or other political actors during peace processes. Where possible, DDR practitioners should support the empowerment of youth to act as agents of positive change by advocating for youth representation in peace processes and for spaces through which youth can apply creative approaches to conflict resolution. DDR practitioners should also invest in the capacity development of young women and men in mediation and dialogue, and aim to strengthen existing youth-led efforts. All youth empowerment efforts should be developed and designed in consultation with young people. Seeing youth as positive assets for society and acting on that new perception is vital to prevent alienation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1049, "Sentence":"All youth empowerment efforts should be developed and designed in consultation with young people.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth empowerment effort developed designed consultation young people ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.3 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Young people often lack a structured platform and the opportunity to have their voice heard by decision makers, comprised mainly of the elder generation. For this reason, the process by which national level peace agreements are negotiated often provides very little space for young people to share their perspectives. To counteract this, youth often create their own youth forums and networks. In some settings, interaction between different youth networks has been used to encourage trust- building between different communities and to reduce the risk of escalation to armed conflict. Some young people also informally mediate conflicts at the community level.The likelihood that a peace agreement will be sustainable in the future depends on the engagement of young people, as the ultimate owners, implementers and stakeholders of the peace process. UN Security Council Resolution 2250 recognises this, urging Member States to increase inclusive representation of youth in decision making, including direct involvement in peace processes.While youth may have the energy, flexibility and time to work on peacebuilding they may also lack exposure to education, theory, technical skill and best practice around peacebuilding and mediation. They may also be vulnerable to being instrumentalized by spoilers or other political actors during peace processes. Where possible, DDR practitioners should support the empowerment of youth to act as agents of positive change by advocating for youth representation in peace processes and for spaces through which youth can apply creative approaches to conflict resolution. DDR practitioners should also invest in the capacity development of young women and men in mediation and dialogue, and aim to strengthen existing youth-led efforts. All youth empowerment efforts should be developed and designed in consultation with young people. Seeing youth as positive assets for society and acting on that new perception is vital to prevent alienation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1049, "Sentence":"Seeing youth as positive assets for society and acting on that new perception is vital to prevent alienation.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR seeing youth positive asset society acting new perception vital prevent alienation ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.4 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are bottom-up interventions that focus on the reduction of armed violence at the local level by fostering improved social cohesion and providing incentives to resist recruitment. CVR programmes may include an explicit focus on youth, including youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. In addition, CVR programmes may explicitly target individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of recruitment by such groups. This may include youth who are ineligible to participate in a DDR programme, but who exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. Wherever possible, youth should be represented in CVR Project Selection Committees and youth organizations should be engaged as project partners. In instances where CVR is due to be followed by support to community-based reintegration then CVR and community-based reintegration should, from the outset, be planned as a single and continuous programme.In addition, where safe and appropriate, children may be included in CVR programmes, consistent with relevant national and international legal safeguards, including on the involvement of children in hazardous work, to ensure their rights, needs and well-being are carefully accounted for.If the individuals being considered for inclusion in a CVR programme have left an armed group designated as a terrorist organization by the UN Security Council, then proper screening mechanisms and criteria shall be incorporated to identify (and exclude) individuals who may have committed terrorist acts in compliance with international law (for further information on specific requirements see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR and IDDRS 6.50 on Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations). For further information on CVR, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1050, "Sentence":"CVR programmes are bottom-up interventions that focus on the reduction of armed violence at the local level by fostering improved social cohesion and providing incentives to resist recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR cvr programme bottomup intervention focus reduction armed violence local level fostering improved social cohesion providing incentive resist recruitment ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.4 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are bottom-up interventions that focus on the reduction of armed violence at the local level by fostering improved social cohesion and providing incentives to resist recruitment. CVR programmes may include an explicit focus on youth, including youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. In addition, CVR programmes may explicitly target individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of recruitment by such groups. This may include youth who are ineligible to participate in a DDR programme, but who exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. Wherever possible, youth should be represented in CVR Project Selection Committees and youth organizations should be engaged as project partners. In instances where CVR is due to be followed by support to community-based reintegration then CVR and community-based reintegration should, from the outset, be planned as a single and continuous programme.In addition, where safe and appropriate, children may be included in CVR programmes, consistent with relevant national and international legal safeguards, including on the involvement of children in hazardous work, to ensure their rights, needs and well-being are carefully accounted for.If the individuals being considered for inclusion in a CVR programme have left an armed group designated as a terrorist organization by the UN Security Council, then proper screening mechanisms and criteria shall be incorporated to identify (and exclude) individuals who may have committed terrorist acts in compliance with international law (for further information on specific requirements see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR and IDDRS 6.50 on Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations). For further information on CVR, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1050, "Sentence":"CVR programmes may include an explicit focus on youth, including youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR cvr programme may include explicit focus youth including youth excombatants youth formerly associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.4 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are bottom-up interventions that focus on the reduction of armed violence at the local level by fostering improved social cohesion and providing incentives to resist recruitment. CVR programmes may include an explicit focus on youth, including youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. In addition, CVR programmes may explicitly target individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of recruitment by such groups. This may include youth who are ineligible to participate in a DDR programme, but who exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. Wherever possible, youth should be represented in CVR Project Selection Committees and youth organizations should be engaged as project partners. In instances where CVR is due to be followed by support to community-based reintegration then CVR and community-based reintegration should, from the outset, be planned as a single and continuous programme.In addition, where safe and appropriate, children may be included in CVR programmes, consistent with relevant national and international legal safeguards, including on the involvement of children in hazardous work, to ensure their rights, needs and well-being are carefully accounted for.If the individuals being considered for inclusion in a CVR programme have left an armed group designated as a terrorist organization by the UN Security Council, then proper screening mechanisms and criteria shall be incorporated to identify (and exclude) individuals who may have committed terrorist acts in compliance with international law (for further information on specific requirements see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR and IDDRS 6.50 on Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations). For further information on CVR, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1050, "Sentence":"In addition, CVR programmes may explicitly target individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of recruitment by such groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR addition cvr programme may explicitly target individual member armed group risk recruitment group ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.4 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are bottom-up interventions that focus on the reduction of armed violence at the local level by fostering improved social cohesion and providing incentives to resist recruitment. CVR programmes may include an explicit focus on youth, including youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. In addition, CVR programmes may explicitly target individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of recruitment by such groups. This may include youth who are ineligible to participate in a DDR programme, but who exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. Wherever possible, youth should be represented in CVR Project Selection Committees and youth organizations should be engaged as project partners. In instances where CVR is due to be followed by support to community-based reintegration then CVR and community-based reintegration should, from the outset, be planned as a single and continuous programme.In addition, where safe and appropriate, children may be included in CVR programmes, consistent with relevant national and international legal safeguards, including on the involvement of children in hazardous work, to ensure their rights, needs and well-being are carefully accounted for.If the individuals being considered for inclusion in a CVR programme have left an armed group designated as a terrorist organization by the UN Security Council, then proper screening mechanisms and criteria shall be incorporated to identify (and exclude) individuals who may have committed terrorist acts in compliance with international law (for further information on specific requirements see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR and IDDRS 6.50 on Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations). For further information on CVR, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1050, "Sentence":"This may include youth who are ineligible to participate in a DDR programme, but who exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR may include youth ineligible participate ddr programme exhibit potential build peace contribute prevention recruitment community ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.4 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are bottom-up interventions that focus on the reduction of armed violence at the local level by fostering improved social cohesion and providing incentives to resist recruitment. CVR programmes may include an explicit focus on youth, including youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. In addition, CVR programmes may explicitly target individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of recruitment by such groups. This may include youth who are ineligible to participate in a DDR programme, but who exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. Wherever possible, youth should be represented in CVR Project Selection Committees and youth organizations should be engaged as project partners. In instances where CVR is due to be followed by support to community-based reintegration then CVR and community-based reintegration should, from the outset, be planned as a single and continuous programme.In addition, where safe and appropriate, children may be included in CVR programmes, consistent with relevant national and international legal safeguards, including on the involvement of children in hazardous work, to ensure their rights, needs and well-being are carefully accounted for.If the individuals being considered for inclusion in a CVR programme have left an armed group designated as a terrorist organization by the UN Security Council, then proper screening mechanisms and criteria shall be incorporated to identify (and exclude) individuals who may have committed terrorist acts in compliance with international law (for further information on specific requirements see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR and IDDRS 6.50 on Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations). For further information on CVR, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1050, "Sentence":"Wherever possible, youth should be represented in CVR Project Selection Committees and youth organizations should be engaged as project partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR wherever possible youth represented cvr project selection committee youth organization engaged project partner ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.4 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are bottom-up interventions that focus on the reduction of armed violence at the local level by fostering improved social cohesion and providing incentives to resist recruitment. CVR programmes may include an explicit focus on youth, including youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. In addition, CVR programmes may explicitly target individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of recruitment by such groups. This may include youth who are ineligible to participate in a DDR programme, but who exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. Wherever possible, youth should be represented in CVR Project Selection Committees and youth organizations should be engaged as project partners. In instances where CVR is due to be followed by support to community-based reintegration then CVR and community-based reintegration should, from the outset, be planned as a single and continuous programme.In addition, where safe and appropriate, children may be included in CVR programmes, consistent with relevant national and international legal safeguards, including on the involvement of children in hazardous work, to ensure their rights, needs and well-being are carefully accounted for.If the individuals being considered for inclusion in a CVR programme have left an armed group designated as a terrorist organization by the UN Security Council, then proper screening mechanisms and criteria shall be incorporated to identify (and exclude) individuals who may have committed terrorist acts in compliance with international law (for further information on specific requirements see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR and IDDRS 6.50 on Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations). For further information on CVR, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1050, "Sentence":"In instances where CVR is due to be followed by support to community-based reintegration then CVR and community-based reintegration should, from the outset, be planned as a single and continuous programme.In addition, where safe and appropriate, children may be included in CVR programmes, consistent with relevant national and international legal safeguards, including on the involvement of children in hazardous work, to ensure their rights, needs and well-being are carefully accounted for.If the individuals being considered for inclusion in a CVR programme have left an armed group designated as a terrorist organization by the UN Security Council, then proper screening mechanisms and criteria shall be incorporated to identify (and exclude) individuals who may have committed terrorist acts in compliance with international law (for further information on specific requirements see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR and IDDRS 6.50 on Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR instance cvr due followed support communitybased reintegration cvr communitybased reintegration outset planned single continuous programme.in addition safe appropriate child may included cvr programme consistent relevant national international legal safeguard including involvement child hazardous work ensure right need wellbeing carefully accounted for.if individual considered inclusion cvr programme left armed group designated terrorist organization un security council proper screening mechanism criterion shall incorporated identify exclude individual may committed terrorist act compliance international law information specific requirement see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr iddrs 6.50 armed group designated terrorist organization ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.4 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"CVR programmes are bottom-up interventions that focus on the reduction of armed violence at the local level by fostering improved social cohesion and providing incentives to resist recruitment. CVR programmes may include an explicit focus on youth, including youth ex-combatants and youth formerly associated with armed forces and groups. In addition, CVR programmes may explicitly target individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of recruitment by such groups. This may include youth who are ineligible to participate in a DDR programme, but who exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. Wherever possible, youth should be represented in CVR Project Selection Committees and youth organizations should be engaged as project partners. In instances where CVR is due to be followed by support to community-based reintegration then CVR and community-based reintegration should, from the outset, be planned as a single and continuous programme.In addition, where safe and appropriate, children may be included in CVR programmes, consistent with relevant national and international legal safeguards, including on the involvement of children in hazardous work, to ensure their rights, needs and well-being are carefully accounted for.If the individuals being considered for inclusion in a CVR programme have left an armed group designated as a terrorist organization by the UN Security Council, then proper screening mechanisms and criteria shall be incorporated to identify (and exclude) individuals who may have committed terrorist acts in compliance with international law (for further information on specific requirements see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR and IDDRS 6.50 on Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations). For further information on CVR, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1050, "Sentence":"For further information on CVR, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR information cvr see iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 Transitional weapons and ammunition management ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. In order to design effective transitional WAM measures targeting youth, it is essential to understand the factors contributing to the proliferation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons, armed violence puts youth at risk by threatening their security, health, education, wellbeing and development, both during and after conflict. By far the greatest risk of death and injury by gunshot is borne by young males aged 15 to 29. The risks to and behaviour of young men are often influenced by social and group norms related to masculinity and manhood. As young men constitute the primary victims and perpetrators of armed violence, they should play a central role in the development of transitional WAM initiatives. Equally, young women, both as victims and perpetrators can offer an alternative and no less important perspective. While it may not be possible to keep youth physically separate from weapons and ammunition in the context of a transitional WAM initiative (such as when youth are handing over weapons during a collection programme), such physical separation should be imposed to the extent possible in order to minimise risks. It should also be kept in mind that youth may be targeted by individuals, such as former commanders, who seek to discourage T-WAM initiatives. Special attention should therefore be given to ensuring their protection and security. The priorities and inputs of youth should be taken into account, as relevant, throughout the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of transitional WAM initiatives. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1051, "Sentence":"Transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR transitional wam primarily aimed reducing capacity individual group engage armed violence conflict ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 Transitional weapons and ammunition management ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. In order to design effective transitional WAM measures targeting youth, it is essential to understand the factors contributing to the proliferation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons, armed violence puts youth at risk by threatening their security, health, education, wellbeing and development, both during and after conflict. By far the greatest risk of death and injury by gunshot is borne by young males aged 15 to 29. The risks to and behaviour of young men are often influenced by social and group norms related to masculinity and manhood. As young men constitute the primary victims and perpetrators of armed violence, they should play a central role in the development of transitional WAM initiatives. Equally, young women, both as victims and perpetrators can offer an alternative and no less important perspective. While it may not be possible to keep youth physically separate from weapons and ammunition in the context of a transitional WAM initiative (such as when youth are handing over weapons during a collection programme), such physical separation should be imposed to the extent possible in order to minimise risks. It should also be kept in mind that youth may be targeted by individuals, such as former commanders, who seek to discourage T-WAM initiatives. Special attention should therefore be given to ensuring their protection and security. The priorities and inputs of youth should be taken into account, as relevant, throughout the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of transitional WAM initiatives. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1051, "Sentence":"Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR transitional wam also aim reduce accident save life addressing immediate risk related possession weapon ammunition explosive ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 Transitional weapons and ammunition management ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. In order to design effective transitional WAM measures targeting youth, it is essential to understand the factors contributing to the proliferation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons, armed violence puts youth at risk by threatening their security, health, education, wellbeing and development, both during and after conflict. By far the greatest risk of death and injury by gunshot is borne by young males aged 15 to 29. The risks to and behaviour of young men are often influenced by social and group norms related to masculinity and manhood. As young men constitute the primary victims and perpetrators of armed violence, they should play a central role in the development of transitional WAM initiatives. Equally, young women, both as victims and perpetrators can offer an alternative and no less important perspective. While it may not be possible to keep youth physically separate from weapons and ammunition in the context of a transitional WAM initiative (such as when youth are handing over weapons during a collection programme), such physical separation should be imposed to the extent possible in order to minimise risks. It should also be kept in mind that youth may be targeted by individuals, such as former commanders, who seek to discourage T-WAM initiatives. Special attention should therefore be given to ensuring their protection and security. The priorities and inputs of youth should be taken into account, as relevant, throughout the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of transitional WAM initiatives. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1051, "Sentence":"In order to design effective transitional WAM measures targeting youth, it is essential to understand the factors contributing to the proliferation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR order design effective transitional wam measure targeting youth essential understand factor contributing proliferation misuse weapon ammunition explosive ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 Transitional weapons and ammunition management ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. In order to design effective transitional WAM measures targeting youth, it is essential to understand the factors contributing to the proliferation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons, armed violence puts youth at risk by threatening their security, health, education, wellbeing and development, both during and after conflict. By far the greatest risk of death and injury by gunshot is borne by young males aged 15 to 29. The risks to and behaviour of young men are often influenced by social and group norms related to masculinity and manhood. As young men constitute the primary victims and perpetrators of armed violence, they should play a central role in the development of transitional WAM initiatives. Equally, young women, both as victims and perpetrators can offer an alternative and no less important perspective. While it may not be possible to keep youth physically separate from weapons and ammunition in the context of a transitional WAM initiative (such as when youth are handing over weapons during a collection programme), such physical separation should be imposed to the extent possible in order to minimise risks. It should also be kept in mind that youth may be targeted by individuals, such as former commanders, who seek to discourage T-WAM initiatives. Special attention should therefore be given to ensuring their protection and security. The priorities and inputs of youth should be taken into account, as relevant, throughout the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of transitional WAM initiatives. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1051, "Sentence":"As outlined in MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons, armed violence puts youth at risk by threatening their security, health, education, wellbeing and development, both during and after conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR outlined mosaic 6.20 child adolescent youth small arm light weapon armed violence put youth risk threatening security health education wellbeing development conflict ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 Transitional weapons and ammunition management ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. In order to design effective transitional WAM measures targeting youth, it is essential to understand the factors contributing to the proliferation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons, armed violence puts youth at risk by threatening their security, health, education, wellbeing and development, both during and after conflict. By far the greatest risk of death and injury by gunshot is borne by young males aged 15 to 29. The risks to and behaviour of young men are often influenced by social and group norms related to masculinity and manhood. As young men constitute the primary victims and perpetrators of armed violence, they should play a central role in the development of transitional WAM initiatives. Equally, young women, both as victims and perpetrators can offer an alternative and no less important perspective. While it may not be possible to keep youth physically separate from weapons and ammunition in the context of a transitional WAM initiative (such as when youth are handing over weapons during a collection programme), such physical separation should be imposed to the extent possible in order to minimise risks. It should also be kept in mind that youth may be targeted by individuals, such as former commanders, who seek to discourage T-WAM initiatives. Special attention should therefore be given to ensuring their protection and security. The priorities and inputs of youth should be taken into account, as relevant, throughout the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of transitional WAM initiatives. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1051, "Sentence":"By far the greatest risk of death and injury by gunshot is borne by young males aged 15 to 29.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR far greatest risk death injury gunshot borne young male aged 15 29 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 Transitional weapons and ammunition management ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. In order to design effective transitional WAM measures targeting youth, it is essential to understand the factors contributing to the proliferation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons, armed violence puts youth at risk by threatening their security, health, education, wellbeing and development, both during and after conflict. By far the greatest risk of death and injury by gunshot is borne by young males aged 15 to 29. The risks to and behaviour of young men are often influenced by social and group norms related to masculinity and manhood. As young men constitute the primary victims and perpetrators of armed violence, they should play a central role in the development of transitional WAM initiatives. Equally, young women, both as victims and perpetrators can offer an alternative and no less important perspective. While it may not be possible to keep youth physically separate from weapons and ammunition in the context of a transitional WAM initiative (such as when youth are handing over weapons during a collection programme), such physical separation should be imposed to the extent possible in order to minimise risks. It should also be kept in mind that youth may be targeted by individuals, such as former commanders, who seek to discourage T-WAM initiatives. Special attention should therefore be given to ensuring their protection and security. The priorities and inputs of youth should be taken into account, as relevant, throughout the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of transitional WAM initiatives. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1051, "Sentence":"The risks to and behaviour of young men are often influenced by social and group norms related to masculinity and manhood.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR risk behaviour young men often influenced social group norm related masculinity manhood ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 Transitional weapons and ammunition management ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. In order to design effective transitional WAM measures targeting youth, it is essential to understand the factors contributing to the proliferation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons, armed violence puts youth at risk by threatening their security, health, education, wellbeing and development, both during and after conflict. By far the greatest risk of death and injury by gunshot is borne by young males aged 15 to 29. The risks to and behaviour of young men are often influenced by social and group norms related to masculinity and manhood. As young men constitute the primary victims and perpetrators of armed violence, they should play a central role in the development of transitional WAM initiatives. Equally, young women, both as victims and perpetrators can offer an alternative and no less important perspective. While it may not be possible to keep youth physically separate from weapons and ammunition in the context of a transitional WAM initiative (such as when youth are handing over weapons during a collection programme), such physical separation should be imposed to the extent possible in order to minimise risks. It should also be kept in mind that youth may be targeted by individuals, such as former commanders, who seek to discourage T-WAM initiatives. Special attention should therefore be given to ensuring their protection and security. The priorities and inputs of youth should be taken into account, as relevant, throughout the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of transitional WAM initiatives. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1051, "Sentence":"As young men constitute the primary victims and perpetrators of armed violence, they should play a central role in the development of transitional WAM initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR young men constitute primary victim perpetrator armed violence play central role development transitional wam initiative ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 Transitional weapons and ammunition management ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. In order to design effective transitional WAM measures targeting youth, it is essential to understand the factors contributing to the proliferation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons, armed violence puts youth at risk by threatening their security, health, education, wellbeing and development, both during and after conflict. By far the greatest risk of death and injury by gunshot is borne by young males aged 15 to 29. The risks to and behaviour of young men are often influenced by social and group norms related to masculinity and manhood. As young men constitute the primary victims and perpetrators of armed violence, they should play a central role in the development of transitional WAM initiatives. Equally, young women, both as victims and perpetrators can offer an alternative and no less important perspective. While it may not be possible to keep youth physically separate from weapons and ammunition in the context of a transitional WAM initiative (such as when youth are handing over weapons during a collection programme), such physical separation should be imposed to the extent possible in order to minimise risks. It should also be kept in mind that youth may be targeted by individuals, such as former commanders, who seek to discourage T-WAM initiatives. Special attention should therefore be given to ensuring their protection and security. The priorities and inputs of youth should be taken into account, as relevant, throughout the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of transitional WAM initiatives. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1051, "Sentence":"Equally, young women, both as victims and perpetrators can offer an alternative and no less important perspective.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR equally young woman victim perpetrator offer alternative le important perspective ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 Transitional weapons and ammunition management ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. In order to design effective transitional WAM measures targeting youth, it is essential to understand the factors contributing to the proliferation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons, armed violence puts youth at risk by threatening their security, health, education, wellbeing and development, both during and after conflict. By far the greatest risk of death and injury by gunshot is borne by young males aged 15 to 29. The risks to and behaviour of young men are often influenced by social and group norms related to masculinity and manhood. As young men constitute the primary victims and perpetrators of armed violence, they should play a central role in the development of transitional WAM initiatives. Equally, young women, both as victims and perpetrators can offer an alternative and no less important perspective. While it may not be possible to keep youth physically separate from weapons and ammunition in the context of a transitional WAM initiative (such as when youth are handing over weapons during a collection programme), such physical separation should be imposed to the extent possible in order to minimise risks. It should also be kept in mind that youth may be targeted by individuals, such as former commanders, who seek to discourage T-WAM initiatives. Special attention should therefore be given to ensuring their protection and security. The priorities and inputs of youth should be taken into account, as relevant, throughout the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of transitional WAM initiatives. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1051, "Sentence":"While it may not be possible to keep youth physically separate from weapons and ammunition in the context of a transitional WAM initiative (such as when youth are handing over weapons during a collection programme), such physical separation should be imposed to the extent possible in order to minimise risks.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR may possible keep youth physically separate weapon ammunition context transitional wam initiative youth handing weapon collection programme physical separation imposed extent possible order minimise risk ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 Transitional weapons and ammunition management ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. In order to design effective transitional WAM measures targeting youth, it is essential to understand the factors contributing to the proliferation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons, armed violence puts youth at risk by threatening their security, health, education, wellbeing and development, both during and after conflict. By far the greatest risk of death and injury by gunshot is borne by young males aged 15 to 29. The risks to and behaviour of young men are often influenced by social and group norms related to masculinity and manhood. As young men constitute the primary victims and perpetrators of armed violence, they should play a central role in the development of transitional WAM initiatives. Equally, young women, both as victims and perpetrators can offer an alternative and no less important perspective. While it may not be possible to keep youth physically separate from weapons and ammunition in the context of a transitional WAM initiative (such as when youth are handing over weapons during a collection programme), such physical separation should be imposed to the extent possible in order to minimise risks. It should also be kept in mind that youth may be targeted by individuals, such as former commanders, who seek to discourage T-WAM initiatives. Special attention should therefore be given to ensuring their protection and security. The priorities and inputs of youth should be taken into account, as relevant, throughout the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of transitional WAM initiatives. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1051, "Sentence":"It should also be kept in mind that youth may be targeted by individuals, such as former commanders, who seek to discourage T-WAM initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR also kept mind youth may targeted individual former commander seek discourage twam initiative ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 Transitional weapons and ammunition management ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. In order to design effective transitional WAM measures targeting youth, it is essential to understand the factors contributing to the proliferation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons, armed violence puts youth at risk by threatening their security, health, education, wellbeing and development, both during and after conflict. By far the greatest risk of death and injury by gunshot is borne by young males aged 15 to 29. The risks to and behaviour of young men are often influenced by social and group norms related to masculinity and manhood. As young men constitute the primary victims and perpetrators of armed violence, they should play a central role in the development of transitional WAM initiatives. Equally, young women, both as victims and perpetrators can offer an alternative and no less important perspective. While it may not be possible to keep youth physically separate from weapons and ammunition in the context of a transitional WAM initiative (such as when youth are handing over weapons during a collection programme), such physical separation should be imposed to the extent possible in order to minimise risks. It should also be kept in mind that youth may be targeted by individuals, such as former commanders, who seek to discourage T-WAM initiatives. Special attention should therefore be given to ensuring their protection and security. The priorities and inputs of youth should be taken into account, as relevant, throughout the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of transitional WAM initiatives. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1051, "Sentence":"Special attention should therefore be given to ensuring their protection and security.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR special attention therefore given ensuring protection security ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 Transitional weapons and ammunition management ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. In order to design effective transitional WAM measures targeting youth, it is essential to understand the factors contributing to the proliferation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons, armed violence puts youth at risk by threatening their security, health, education, wellbeing and development, both during and after conflict. By far the greatest risk of death and injury by gunshot is borne by young males aged 15 to 29. The risks to and behaviour of young men are often influenced by social and group norms related to masculinity and manhood. As young men constitute the primary victims and perpetrators of armed violence, they should play a central role in the development of transitional WAM initiatives. Equally, young women, both as victims and perpetrators can offer an alternative and no less important perspective. While it may not be possible to keep youth physically separate from weapons and ammunition in the context of a transitional WAM initiative (such as when youth are handing over weapons during a collection programme), such physical separation should be imposed to the extent possible in order to minimise risks. It should also be kept in mind that youth may be targeted by individuals, such as former commanders, who seek to discourage T-WAM initiatives. Special attention should therefore be given to ensuring their protection and security. The priorities and inputs of youth should be taken into account, as relevant, throughout the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of transitional WAM initiatives. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1051, "Sentence":"The priorities and inputs of youth should be taken into account, as relevant, throughout the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of transitional WAM initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR priority input youth taken account relevant throughout planning design implementation monitoring evaluation transitional wam initiative ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.5 Transitional weapons and ammunition management ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. In order to design effective transitional WAM measures targeting youth, it is essential to understand the factors contributing to the proliferation and misuse of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in MOSAIC 6.20 on Children, Adolescents, Youth and Small Arms and Light Weapons, armed violence puts youth at risk by threatening their security, health, education, wellbeing and development, both during and after conflict. By far the greatest risk of death and injury by gunshot is borne by young males aged 15 to 29. The risks to and behaviour of young men are often influenced by social and group norms related to masculinity and manhood. As young men constitute the primary victims and perpetrators of armed violence, they should play a central role in the development of transitional WAM initiatives. Equally, young women, both as victims and perpetrators can offer an alternative and no less important perspective. While it may not be possible to keep youth physically separate from weapons and ammunition in the context of a transitional WAM initiative (such as when youth are handing over weapons during a collection programme), such physical separation should be imposed to the extent possible in order to minimise risks. It should also be kept in mind that youth may be targeted by individuals, such as former commanders, who seek to discourage T-WAM initiatives. Special attention should therefore be given to ensuring their protection and security. The priorities and inputs of youth should be taken into account, as relevant, throughout the planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of transitional WAM initiatives. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1051, "Sentence":"For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR information see iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammunition management ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.6 Monitoring and follow up", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"It is vital to monitor and follow-up with youth DDR participants and beneficiaries. For children under the age of 18 the guidance in IDDRS 5.20 should be followed. In developing follow-up monitoring and support services for older youth, it is critical to provide a platform for feedback on the impact of DDR (positive and negative) to promote participation and representation and give youth a voice on their rights, aspirations, and perspectives which are critical for sustainable outcomes. Youth should also be sensitized on how to seek follow-up support from DDR practitioners, or relevant government or civil society actors, linked to service provision as well as how to address protection issues or other barriers to reintegration that they may face.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1052, "Sentence":"It is vital to monitor and follow-up with youth DDR participants and beneficiaries.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR vital monitor followup youth ddr participant beneficiary ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.6 Monitoring and follow up", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"It is vital to monitor and follow-up with youth DDR participants and beneficiaries. For children under the age of 18 the guidance in IDDRS 5.20 should be followed. In developing follow-up monitoring and support services for older youth, it is critical to provide a platform for feedback on the impact of DDR (positive and negative) to promote participation and representation and give youth a voice on their rights, aspirations, and perspectives which are critical for sustainable outcomes. Youth should also be sensitized on how to seek follow-up support from DDR practitioners, or relevant government or civil society actors, linked to service provision as well as how to address protection issues or other barriers to reintegration that they may face.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1052, "Sentence":"For children under the age of 18 the guidance in IDDRS 5.20 should be followed.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR child age 18 guidance iddrs 5.20 followed ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.6 Monitoring and follow up", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"It is vital to monitor and follow-up with youth DDR participants and beneficiaries. For children under the age of 18 the guidance in IDDRS 5.20 should be followed. In developing follow-up monitoring and support services for older youth, it is critical to provide a platform for feedback on the impact of DDR (positive and negative) to promote participation and representation and give youth a voice on their rights, aspirations, and perspectives which are critical for sustainable outcomes. Youth should also be sensitized on how to seek follow-up support from DDR practitioners, or relevant government or civil society actors, linked to service provision as well as how to address protection issues or other barriers to reintegration that they may face.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1052, "Sentence":"In developing follow-up monitoring and support services for older youth, it is critical to provide a platform for feedback on the impact of DDR (positive and negative) to promote participation and representation and give youth a voice on their rights, aspirations, and perspectives which are critical for sustainable outcomes.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR developing followup monitoring support service older youth critical provide platform feedback impact ddr positive negative promote participation representation give youth voice right aspiration perspective critical sustainable outcome ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Youth-focused approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"7.6 Monitoring and follow up", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"It is vital to monitor and follow-up with youth DDR participants and beneficiaries. For children under the age of 18 the guidance in IDDRS 5.20 should be followed. In developing follow-up monitoring and support services for older youth, it is critical to provide a platform for feedback on the impact of DDR (positive and negative) to promote participation and representation and give youth a voice on their rights, aspirations, and perspectives which are critical for sustainable outcomes. Youth should also be sensitized on how to seek follow-up support from DDR practitioners, or relevant government or civil society actors, linked to service provision as well as how to address protection issues or other barriers to reintegration that they may face.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1052, "Sentence":"Youth should also be sensitized on how to seek follow-up support from DDR practitioners, or relevant government or civil society actors, linked to service provision as well as how to address protection issues or other barriers to reintegration that they may face.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth also sensitized seek followup support ddr practitioner relevant government civil society actor linked service provision well address protection issue barrier reintegration may face ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Criminal accountability and responsibility", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Treating all youth, in the same manner, irrespective of age, when it comes to criminal responsibility and accountability presents a challenge because the definition of youth includes children under the age of 18, who have the right to special protection through child justice mechanisms, as well as adults, who are subject to standard criminal processes.To be sure that children are afforded their rights and protection under law, where there is any question about whether the person is a child, an age assessment shall be conducted before any kind of criminal process, interrogation, or prosecution occurs. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.5 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.Most youth will fall over the minimum age of criminal responsibility (recommended to be 14- 16 by the Committee on the Rights of the Child), and thus may be held liable for crimes that they commit. Nevertheless, children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes, should not constitute criminal offenses. Children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. With respect to children suspected of committing crimes, due consideration shall be given to children\u2019s right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, prioritizing the child\u2019s best interests, protections against self- incrimination, and support from their families (see IDDRS 5.20 Children and DDR for more guidance). Any processes for youth who were recruited and used by an armed force or group as children but who were demobilized as adults should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or been forced to act. For example, a youth who is demobilized as an adult, but became associated as a child and who is suspected of committing a crime before reaching the age of 18, should, be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and the court should consider the fact that the individual was recruited as a child as a mitigating factor. If a youth is suspected of committing multiple offences, some before and some after he or she has reached 18 years of age, states should consider establishing procedures that allow the application of juvenile procedures in respect of all offences alleged to have been committed, when there are reasonable grounds to do so.6", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1053, "Sentence":"Treating all youth, in the same manner, irrespective of age, when it comes to criminal responsibility and accountability presents a challenge because the definition of youth includes children under the age of 18, who have the right to special protection through child justice mechanisms, as well as adults, who are subject to standard criminal processes.To be sure that children are afforded their rights and protection under law, where there is any question about whether the person is a child, an age assessment shall be conducted before any kind of criminal process, interrogation, or prosecution occurs.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR treating youth manner irrespective age come criminal responsibility accountability present challenge definition youth includes child age 18 right special protection child justice mechanism well adult subject standard criminal processes.to sure child afforded right protection law question whether person child age assessment shall conducted kind criminal process interrogation prosecution occurs ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Criminal accountability and responsibility", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Treating all youth, in the same manner, irrespective of age, when it comes to criminal responsibility and accountability presents a challenge because the definition of youth includes children under the age of 18, who have the right to special protection through child justice mechanisms, as well as adults, who are subject to standard criminal processes.To be sure that children are afforded their rights and protection under law, where there is any question about whether the person is a child, an age assessment shall be conducted before any kind of criminal process, interrogation, or prosecution occurs. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.5 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.Most youth will fall over the minimum age of criminal responsibility (recommended to be 14- 16 by the Committee on the Rights of the Child), and thus may be held liable for crimes that they commit. Nevertheless, children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes, should not constitute criminal offenses. Children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. With respect to children suspected of committing crimes, due consideration shall be given to children\u2019s right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, prioritizing the child\u2019s best interests, protections against self- incrimination, and support from their families (see IDDRS 5.20 Children and DDR for more guidance). Any processes for youth who were recruited and used by an armed force or group as children but who were demobilized as adults should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or been forced to act. For example, a youth who is demobilized as an adult, but became associated as a child and who is suspected of committing a crime before reaching the age of 18, should, be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and the court should consider the fact that the individual was recruited as a child as a mitigating factor. If a youth is suspected of committing multiple offences, some before and some after he or she has reached 18 years of age, states should consider establishing procedures that allow the application of juvenile procedures in respect of all offences alleged to have been committed, when there are reasonable grounds to do so.6", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1053, "Sentence":"Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.5 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR judicial proceeding child shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice fair trial standard focus recovery restorative justice order assist child \u2019 physical psychological social recovery.5 separate juvenile justice system place case handled civilian authority special training childfriendly procedure rather military intelligence authority ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Criminal accountability and responsibility", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Treating all youth, in the same manner, irrespective of age, when it comes to criminal responsibility and accountability presents a challenge because the definition of youth includes children under the age of 18, who have the right to special protection through child justice mechanisms, as well as adults, who are subject to standard criminal processes.To be sure that children are afforded their rights and protection under law, where there is any question about whether the person is a child, an age assessment shall be conducted before any kind of criminal process, interrogation, or prosecution occurs. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.5 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.Most youth will fall over the minimum age of criminal responsibility (recommended to be 14- 16 by the Committee on the Rights of the Child), and thus may be held liable for crimes that they commit. Nevertheless, children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes, should not constitute criminal offenses. Children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. With respect to children suspected of committing crimes, due consideration shall be given to children\u2019s right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, prioritizing the child\u2019s best interests, protections against self- incrimination, and support from their families (see IDDRS 5.20 Children and DDR for more guidance). Any processes for youth who were recruited and used by an armed force or group as children but who were demobilized as adults should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or been forced to act. For example, a youth who is demobilized as an adult, but became associated as a child and who is suspected of committing a crime before reaching the age of 18, should, be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and the court should consider the fact that the individual was recruited as a child as a mitigating factor. If a youth is suspected of committing multiple offences, some before and some after he or she has reached 18 years of age, states should consider establishing procedures that allow the application of juvenile procedures in respect of all offences alleged to have been committed, when there are reasonable grounds to do so.6", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1053, "Sentence":"All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.Most youth will fall over the minimum age of criminal responsibility (recommended to be 14- 16 by the Committee on the Rights of the Child), and thus may be held liable for crimes that they commit.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR judicial action relating child shall take place presence child \u2019 appointed legal representative appropriate assistance whose role protect right interest child unless contrary best interest child presence child \u2019 parent legal guardians.most youth fall minimum age criminal responsibility recommended 14 16 committee right child thus may held liable crime commit ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Criminal accountability and responsibility", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Treating all youth, in the same manner, irrespective of age, when it comes to criminal responsibility and accountability presents a challenge because the definition of youth includes children under the age of 18, who have the right to special protection through child justice mechanisms, as well as adults, who are subject to standard criminal processes.To be sure that children are afforded their rights and protection under law, where there is any question about whether the person is a child, an age assessment shall be conducted before any kind of criminal process, interrogation, or prosecution occurs. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.5 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.Most youth will fall over the minimum age of criminal responsibility (recommended to be 14- 16 by the Committee on the Rights of the Child), and thus may be held liable for crimes that they commit. Nevertheless, children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes, should not constitute criminal offenses. Children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. With respect to children suspected of committing crimes, due consideration shall be given to children\u2019s right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, prioritizing the child\u2019s best interests, protections against self- incrimination, and support from their families (see IDDRS 5.20 Children and DDR for more guidance). Any processes for youth who were recruited and used by an armed force or group as children but who were demobilized as adults should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or been forced to act. For example, a youth who is demobilized as an adult, but became associated as a child and who is suspected of committing a crime before reaching the age of 18, should, be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and the court should consider the fact that the individual was recruited as a child as a mitigating factor. If a youth is suspected of committing multiple offences, some before and some after he or she has reached 18 years of age, states should consider establishing procedures that allow the application of juvenile procedures in respect of all offences alleged to have been committed, when there are reasonable grounds to do so.6", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1053, "Sentence":"Nevertheless, children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR nevertheless child victim recruitment use deprived liberty prosecuted punished threatened prosecution punishment solely membership armed force group consistent article 8.7 paris principle ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Criminal accountability and responsibility", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Treating all youth, in the same manner, irrespective of age, when it comes to criminal responsibility and accountability presents a challenge because the definition of youth includes children under the age of 18, who have the right to special protection through child justice mechanisms, as well as adults, who are subject to standard criminal processes.To be sure that children are afforded their rights and protection under law, where there is any question about whether the person is a child, an age assessment shall be conducted before any kind of criminal process, interrogation, or prosecution occurs. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.5 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.Most youth will fall over the minimum age of criminal responsibility (recommended to be 14- 16 by the Committee on the Rights of the Child), and thus may be held liable for crimes that they commit. Nevertheless, children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes, should not constitute criminal offenses. Children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. With respect to children suspected of committing crimes, due consideration shall be given to children\u2019s right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, prioritizing the child\u2019s best interests, protections against self- incrimination, and support from their families (see IDDRS 5.20 Children and DDR for more guidance). Any processes for youth who were recruited and used by an armed force or group as children but who were demobilized as adults should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or been forced to act. For example, a youth who is demobilized as an adult, but became associated as a child and who is suspected of committing a crime before reaching the age of 18, should, be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and the court should consider the fact that the individual was recruited as a child as a mitigating factor. If a youth is suspected of committing multiple offences, some before and some after he or she has reached 18 years of age, states should consider establishing procedures that allow the application of juvenile procedures in respect of all offences alleged to have been committed, when there are reasonable grounds to do so.6", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1053, "Sentence":"National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR national law criminalize child association effectively criminalize child \u2019 status associated result adult \u2019 criminal conduct recruitment use violates human right child ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Criminal accountability and responsibility", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Treating all youth, in the same manner, irrespective of age, when it comes to criminal responsibility and accountability presents a challenge because the definition of youth includes children under the age of 18, who have the right to special protection through child justice mechanisms, as well as adults, who are subject to standard criminal processes.To be sure that children are afforded their rights and protection under law, where there is any question about whether the person is a child, an age assessment shall be conducted before any kind of criminal process, interrogation, or prosecution occurs. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.5 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.Most youth will fall over the minimum age of criminal responsibility (recommended to be 14- 16 by the Committee on the Rights of the Child), and thus may be held liable for crimes that they commit. Nevertheless, children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes, should not constitute criminal offenses. Children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. With respect to children suspected of committing crimes, due consideration shall be given to children\u2019s right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, prioritizing the child\u2019s best interests, protections against self- incrimination, and support from their families (see IDDRS 5.20 Children and DDR for more guidance). Any processes for youth who were recruited and used by an armed force or group as children but who were demobilized as adults should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or been forced to act. For example, a youth who is demobilized as an adult, but became associated as a child and who is suspected of committing a crime before reaching the age of 18, should, be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and the court should consider the fact that the individual was recruited as a child as a mitigating factor. If a youth is suspected of committing multiple offences, some before and some after he or she has reached 18 years of age, states should consider establishing procedures that allow the application of juvenile procedures in respect of all offences alleged to have been committed, when there are reasonable grounds to do so.6", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1053, "Sentence":"Such laws should not apply to children.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR law apply child ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Criminal accountability and responsibility", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Treating all youth, in the same manner, irrespective of age, when it comes to criminal responsibility and accountability presents a challenge because the definition of youth includes children under the age of 18, who have the right to special protection through child justice mechanisms, as well as adults, who are subject to standard criminal processes.To be sure that children are afforded their rights and protection under law, where there is any question about whether the person is a child, an age assessment shall be conducted before any kind of criminal process, interrogation, or prosecution occurs. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.5 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.Most youth will fall over the minimum age of criminal responsibility (recommended to be 14- 16 by the Committee on the Rights of the Child), and thus may be held liable for crimes that they commit. Nevertheless, children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes, should not constitute criminal offenses. Children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. With respect to children suspected of committing crimes, due consideration shall be given to children\u2019s right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, prioritizing the child\u2019s best interests, protections against self- incrimination, and support from their families (see IDDRS 5.20 Children and DDR for more guidance). Any processes for youth who were recruited and used by an armed force or group as children but who were demobilized as adults should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or been forced to act. For example, a youth who is demobilized as an adult, but became associated as a child and who is suspected of committing a crime before reaching the age of 18, should, be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and the court should consider the fact that the individual was recruited as a child as a mitigating factor. If a youth is suspected of committing multiple offences, some before and some after he or she has reached 18 years of age, states should consider establishing procedures that allow the application of juvenile procedures in respect of all offences alleged to have been committed, when there are reasonable grounds to do so.6", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1053, "Sentence":"In addition, as for adults, expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes, should not constitute criminal offenses.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR addition adult expression support particular group act ideology rise level legally defined crime constitute criminal offense ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Criminal accountability and responsibility", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Treating all youth, in the same manner, irrespective of age, when it comes to criminal responsibility and accountability presents a challenge because the definition of youth includes children under the age of 18, who have the right to special protection through child justice mechanisms, as well as adults, who are subject to standard criminal processes.To be sure that children are afforded their rights and protection under law, where there is any question about whether the person is a child, an age assessment shall be conducted before any kind of criminal process, interrogation, or prosecution occurs. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.5 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.Most youth will fall over the minimum age of criminal responsibility (recommended to be 14- 16 by the Committee on the Rights of the Child), and thus may be held liable for crimes that they commit. Nevertheless, children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes, should not constitute criminal offenses. Children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. With respect to children suspected of committing crimes, due consideration shall be given to children\u2019s right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, prioritizing the child\u2019s best interests, protections against self- incrimination, and support from their families (see IDDRS 5.20 Children and DDR for more guidance). Any processes for youth who were recruited and used by an armed force or group as children but who were demobilized as adults should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or been forced to act. For example, a youth who is demobilized as an adult, but became associated as a child and who is suspected of committing a crime before reaching the age of 18, should, be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and the court should consider the fact that the individual was recruited as a child as a mitigating factor. If a youth is suspected of committing multiple offences, some before and some after he or she has reached 18 years of age, states should consider establishing procedures that allow the application of juvenile procedures in respect of all offences alleged to have been committed, when there are reasonable grounds to do so.6", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1053, "Sentence":"Children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR child interrogated suspect prosecuted due actual alleged affiliation family member ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Criminal accountability and responsibility", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Treating all youth, in the same manner, irrespective of age, when it comes to criminal responsibility and accountability presents a challenge because the definition of youth includes children under the age of 18, who have the right to special protection through child justice mechanisms, as well as adults, who are subject to standard criminal processes.To be sure that children are afforded their rights and protection under law, where there is any question about whether the person is a child, an age assessment shall be conducted before any kind of criminal process, interrogation, or prosecution occurs. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.5 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.Most youth will fall over the minimum age of criminal responsibility (recommended to be 14- 16 by the Committee on the Rights of the Child), and thus may be held liable for crimes that they commit. Nevertheless, children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes, should not constitute criminal offenses. Children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. With respect to children suspected of committing crimes, due consideration shall be given to children\u2019s right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, prioritizing the child\u2019s best interests, protections against self- incrimination, and support from their families (see IDDRS 5.20 Children and DDR for more guidance). Any processes for youth who were recruited and used by an armed force or group as children but who were demobilized as adults should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or been forced to act. For example, a youth who is demobilized as an adult, but became associated as a child and who is suspected of committing a crime before reaching the age of 18, should, be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and the court should consider the fact that the individual was recruited as a child as a mitigating factor. If a youth is suspected of committing multiple offences, some before and some after he or she has reached 18 years of age, states should consider establishing procedures that allow the application of juvenile procedures in respect of all offences alleged to have been committed, when there are reasonable grounds to do so.6", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1053, "Sentence":"With respect to children suspected of committing crimes, due consideration shall be given to children\u2019s right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, prioritizing the child\u2019s best interests, protections against self- incrimination, and support from their families (see IDDRS 5.20 Children and DDR for more guidance).", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR respect child suspected committing crime due consideration shall given child \u2019 right childspecific due process minimum standard based age need specific vulnerability including example right legal representation prioritizing child \u2019 best interest protection self incrimination support family see iddrs 5.20 child ddr guidance ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Criminal accountability and responsibility", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Treating all youth, in the same manner, irrespective of age, when it comes to criminal responsibility and accountability presents a challenge because the definition of youth includes children under the age of 18, who have the right to special protection through child justice mechanisms, as well as adults, who are subject to standard criminal processes.To be sure that children are afforded their rights and protection under law, where there is any question about whether the person is a child, an age assessment shall be conducted before any kind of criminal process, interrogation, or prosecution occurs. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.5 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.Most youth will fall over the minimum age of criminal responsibility (recommended to be 14- 16 by the Committee on the Rights of the Child), and thus may be held liable for crimes that they commit. Nevertheless, children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes, should not constitute criminal offenses. Children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. With respect to children suspected of committing crimes, due consideration shall be given to children\u2019s right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, prioritizing the child\u2019s best interests, protections against self- incrimination, and support from their families (see IDDRS 5.20 Children and DDR for more guidance). Any processes for youth who were recruited and used by an armed force or group as children but who were demobilized as adults should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or been forced to act. For example, a youth who is demobilized as an adult, but became associated as a child and who is suspected of committing a crime before reaching the age of 18, should, be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and the court should consider the fact that the individual was recruited as a child as a mitigating factor. If a youth is suspected of committing multiple offences, some before and some after he or she has reached 18 years of age, states should consider establishing procedures that allow the application of juvenile procedures in respect of all offences alleged to have been committed, when there are reasonable grounds to do so.6", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1053, "Sentence":"Any processes for youth who were recruited and used by an armed force or group as children but who were demobilized as adults should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or been forced to act.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR process youth recruited used armed force group child demobilized adult consider status child time alleged offense coercive environment lived forced act ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Criminal accountability and responsibility", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Treating all youth, in the same manner, irrespective of age, when it comes to criminal responsibility and accountability presents a challenge because the definition of youth includes children under the age of 18, who have the right to special protection through child justice mechanisms, as well as adults, who are subject to standard criminal processes.To be sure that children are afforded their rights and protection under law, where there is any question about whether the person is a child, an age assessment shall be conducted before any kind of criminal process, interrogation, or prosecution occurs. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.5 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.Most youth will fall over the minimum age of criminal responsibility (recommended to be 14- 16 by the Committee on the Rights of the Child), and thus may be held liable for crimes that they commit. Nevertheless, children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes, should not constitute criminal offenses. Children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. With respect to children suspected of committing crimes, due consideration shall be given to children\u2019s right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, prioritizing the child\u2019s best interests, protections against self- incrimination, and support from their families (see IDDRS 5.20 Children and DDR for more guidance). Any processes for youth who were recruited and used by an armed force or group as children but who were demobilized as adults should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or been forced to act. For example, a youth who is demobilized as an adult, but became associated as a child and who is suspected of committing a crime before reaching the age of 18, should, be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and the court should consider the fact that the individual was recruited as a child as a mitigating factor. If a youth is suspected of committing multiple offences, some before and some after he or she has reached 18 years of age, states should consider establishing procedures that allow the application of juvenile procedures in respect of all offences alleged to have been committed, when there are reasonable grounds to do so.6", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1053, "Sentence":"For example, a youth who is demobilized as an adult, but became associated as a child and who is suspected of committing a crime before reaching the age of 18, should, be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and the court should consider the fact that the individual was recruited as a child as a mitigating factor.", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR example youth demobilized adult became associated child suspected committing crime reaching age 18 subject criminal procedure relevant juvenile jurisdiction court consider fact individual recruited child mitigating factor ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Criminal accountability and responsibility", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Treating all youth, in the same manner, irrespective of age, when it comes to criminal responsibility and accountability presents a challenge because the definition of youth includes children under the age of 18, who have the right to special protection through child justice mechanisms, as well as adults, who are subject to standard criminal processes.To be sure that children are afforded their rights and protection under law, where there is any question about whether the person is a child, an age assessment shall be conducted before any kind of criminal process, interrogation, or prosecution occurs. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.5 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.Most youth will fall over the minimum age of criminal responsibility (recommended to be 14- 16 by the Committee on the Rights of the Child), and thus may be held liable for crimes that they commit. Nevertheless, children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes, should not constitute criminal offenses. Children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. With respect to children suspected of committing crimes, due consideration shall be given to children\u2019s right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, prioritizing the child\u2019s best interests, protections against self- incrimination, and support from their families (see IDDRS 5.20 Children and DDR for more guidance). Any processes for youth who were recruited and used by an armed force or group as children but who were demobilized as adults should consider their status as a child at the time of the alleged offense and the coercive environment under which they lived or been forced to act. For example, a youth who is demobilized as an adult, but became associated as a child and who is suspected of committing a crime before reaching the age of 18, should, be subject to the criminal procedure relevant for juveniles in the jurisdiction and the court should consider the fact that the individual was recruited as a child as a mitigating factor. If a youth is suspected of committing multiple offences, some before and some after he or she has reached 18 years of age, states should consider establishing procedures that allow the application of juvenile procedures in respect of all offences alleged to have been committed, when there are reasonable grounds to do so.6", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1053, "Sentence":"If a youth is suspected of committing multiple offences, some before and some after he or she has reached 18 years of age, states should consider establishing procedures that allow the application of juvenile procedures in respect of all offences alleged to have been committed, when there are reasonable grounds to do so.6", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR youth suspected committing multiple offence reached 18 year age state consider establishing procedure allow application juvenile procedure respect offence alleged committed reasonable ground so.6" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR nn basic information n sex n date birth\/age n ethnic group\/tribe\/clan n place origin n city community reintegration n marital status n number child dependant n number school aged child n household size nn income generation\/economic situation n family place live" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"\\n How do you support your family financially now?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n support family financially" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"\\n What type of work do you do now or in the past?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n type work past" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"\\n Do any other members of your household earn an income?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n member household earn income" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"\\n How much money do you earn per month on average?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n much money earn per month average" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"\\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n total earned per month working household member" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"\\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n last month often reduce quantity quality food eat cost" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"\\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n necessary able borrow money bank family friend traditional loan system" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"If not, why?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR " }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"\\n Do you borrow money?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n borrow money" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"If yes, how frequently?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR yes frequently" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"\\n Do you currently work?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n currently work" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"If yes, what are your sources of income?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR yes source income" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"\\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n unemployed support\/skills need find work" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR nn perceived challenges\/barriers reintegration n biggest challenge face" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR nn perceived strength n strength" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"What professional skills do you have?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR professional skill" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR nn support system n trusted person family community etc ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR seek help talk need support" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"Who are these persons?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR person" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR nn psychosocial wellbeing n often invited participate social activity family reunion family event wedding religious event community event" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"\\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n feel part community currently live" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"\\n What safety concerns do you currently have?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n safety concern currently" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.30-Youth-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample Profiling Questions on Reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Youth and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Basic Information \\n Sex \\n Date of Birth\/Age \\n Ethnic Group\/Tribe\/Clan \\n Place of Origin \\n City and Community of Reintegration \\n Marital Status \\n Number of Children and Dependants \\n Number of school aged children \\n Household Size \\n\\n Income Generation\/Economic Situation \\n Do you and your family have a place to live? \\n How do you support your family financially now? \\n What type of work do you do now or in the past? \\n Do any other members of your household earn an income? \\n How much money do you earn per month on average? \\n What is the total earned per month of all working household members? \\n Over the last few months, how often have you had to reduce the quantity or quality of food you eat because of its cost? \\n If necessary, are you able to borrow money from banks, family, friends or other traditional loans systems? If not, why? \\n Do you borrow money? If yes, how frequently? \\n Do you currently work? If yes, what are your sources of income? \\n If you are unemployed, what support\/skills do you need to find work? \\n\\n Perceived Challenges\/Barriers to Reintegration \\n What are the biggest challenges you face? \\n\\n Perceived strengths \\n What are your strengths? What professional skills do you have? \\n\\n Support System \\n Do you have any trusted persons (from your family, community, etc.) that you can seek help from or talk to if you need support? Who are these persons? \\n\\n Psychosocial wellbeing \\n How often are you invited to participate in social activities (family reunions, family events, weddings, religious events, community events)? \\n Do you feel you are part of the community where you currently live? \\n What safety concerns do you currently have? \\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1054, "Sentence":"\\n How frequently do you experience important tensions or conflicts between you and your family since you returned?", "ProcessedSent":"Youth and DDR n frequently experience important tension conflict family since returned" }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The recruitment of children \u2013 girls and boys under the age of 18 \u2013 and their use in hostilities or for other purposes by armed forces and groups is illegal. It is also one of the worst forms of child labour and exploitation. Efforts to prevent the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups should be a primary consideration during all DDR processes. Prevention efforts should start early\u2014when possible, they should commence prior to armed conflict\u2014and they should take place continuously throughout the conflict, with careful consideration given to the structural, social and individual factors associated with the risk of recruitment and re-recruitment.Irrespective of how children were recruited, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFAG) shall be required. Any person under 18 years old must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR processes. Nonetheless, where relevant, peace processes, including peace agreements and DDR policy documents, offer an opportunity to highlight the needs of children affected by armed conflict and to ensure that actions and funding streams to support child-specific processes are included. The commitment to stop the recruitment and use of children and to release children from armed forces and groups shall be explicit within peace agreements.DRR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child-sensitive and gender- transformative approaches to planning, implementation, and monitoring. As such, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups, handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities. DDR practitioners and relevant child protection actors shall work together to design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, that help children to recover and reintegrate into their communities, and that take into account differences in age and gender needs. DDR practitioners should promote agency of children, enabling their right to participate in decision- making and shape DDR processes in line with their concerns\/needs.The specific needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral, as boys and girls often require support in (re)accessing education, an alternative livelihood, medical and mental health services, including reproductive health services and sexual violence recovery services, as well as other services that promote life skills and help them establish a meaningful role in society. Child-sensitive approaches to reintegration support should be focused on long-term and sustainable opportunities for children formerly associated with armed forces and groups that are gender- and age-sensitive. For sustainability, and to avoid tension, stigmatization or envy when a child is returned, DDR practitioners should ensure that broader community development processes are also consideredDDR practitioners should also be aware that no child below the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be investigated, prosecuted, or deprived of their liberty for any offence, including security and terrorism-related offences, in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Committee on the Rights of the Child encourages States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. Children, above the age of criminal responsibility, who are suspected of committing a serious crime, shall be handed over to civilian actors, and justice should be provided within juvenile justice frameworks. During all processes they shall be treated primarily as victims and as survivors of grave violations of their rights. Any investigation or determination of culpability shall be handled by trained civilian actors, including, where relevant, trained juvenile justice actors and made based on processes consistent with applicable international child rights standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards and principles, due process and fair trial standards, prioritizing the child\u2019s recovery, reintegration, and best interests in all decisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1055, "Sentence":"The recruitment of children \u2013 girls and boys under the age of 18 \u2013 and their use in hostilities or for other purposes by armed forces and groups is illegal.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR recruitment child \u2013 girl boy age 18 \u2013 use hostility purpose armed force group illegal ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The recruitment of children \u2013 girls and boys under the age of 18 \u2013 and their use in hostilities or for other purposes by armed forces and groups is illegal. It is also one of the worst forms of child labour and exploitation. Efforts to prevent the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups should be a primary consideration during all DDR processes. Prevention efforts should start early\u2014when possible, they should commence prior to armed conflict\u2014and they should take place continuously throughout the conflict, with careful consideration given to the structural, social and individual factors associated with the risk of recruitment and re-recruitment.Irrespective of how children were recruited, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFAG) shall be required. Any person under 18 years old must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR processes. Nonetheless, where relevant, peace processes, including peace agreements and DDR policy documents, offer an opportunity to highlight the needs of children affected by armed conflict and to ensure that actions and funding streams to support child-specific processes are included. The commitment to stop the recruitment and use of children and to release children from armed forces and groups shall be explicit within peace agreements.DRR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child-sensitive and gender- transformative approaches to planning, implementation, and monitoring. As such, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups, handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities. DDR practitioners and relevant child protection actors shall work together to design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, that help children to recover and reintegrate into their communities, and that take into account differences in age and gender needs. DDR practitioners should promote agency of children, enabling their right to participate in decision- making and shape DDR processes in line with their concerns\/needs.The specific needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral, as boys and girls often require support in (re)accessing education, an alternative livelihood, medical and mental health services, including reproductive health services and sexual violence recovery services, as well as other services that promote life skills and help them establish a meaningful role in society. Child-sensitive approaches to reintegration support should be focused on long-term and sustainable opportunities for children formerly associated with armed forces and groups that are gender- and age-sensitive. For sustainability, and to avoid tension, stigmatization or envy when a child is returned, DDR practitioners should ensure that broader community development processes are also consideredDDR practitioners should also be aware that no child below the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be investigated, prosecuted, or deprived of their liberty for any offence, including security and terrorism-related offences, in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Committee on the Rights of the Child encourages States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. Children, above the age of criminal responsibility, who are suspected of committing a serious crime, shall be handed over to civilian actors, and justice should be provided within juvenile justice frameworks. During all processes they shall be treated primarily as victims and as survivors of grave violations of their rights. Any investigation or determination of culpability shall be handled by trained civilian actors, including, where relevant, trained juvenile justice actors and made based on processes consistent with applicable international child rights standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards and principles, due process and fair trial standards, prioritizing the child\u2019s recovery, reintegration, and best interests in all decisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1055, "Sentence":"It is also one of the worst forms of child labour and exploitation.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR also one worst form child labour exploitation ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The recruitment of children \u2013 girls and boys under the age of 18 \u2013 and their use in hostilities or for other purposes by armed forces and groups is illegal. It is also one of the worst forms of child labour and exploitation. Efforts to prevent the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups should be a primary consideration during all DDR processes. Prevention efforts should start early\u2014when possible, they should commence prior to armed conflict\u2014and they should take place continuously throughout the conflict, with careful consideration given to the structural, social and individual factors associated with the risk of recruitment and re-recruitment.Irrespective of how children were recruited, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFAG) shall be required. Any person under 18 years old must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR processes. Nonetheless, where relevant, peace processes, including peace agreements and DDR policy documents, offer an opportunity to highlight the needs of children affected by armed conflict and to ensure that actions and funding streams to support child-specific processes are included. The commitment to stop the recruitment and use of children and to release children from armed forces and groups shall be explicit within peace agreements.DRR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child-sensitive and gender- transformative approaches to planning, implementation, and monitoring. As such, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups, handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities. DDR practitioners and relevant child protection actors shall work together to design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, that help children to recover and reintegrate into their communities, and that take into account differences in age and gender needs. DDR practitioners should promote agency of children, enabling their right to participate in decision- making and shape DDR processes in line with their concerns\/needs.The specific needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral, as boys and girls often require support in (re)accessing education, an alternative livelihood, medical and mental health services, including reproductive health services and sexual violence recovery services, as well as other services that promote life skills and help them establish a meaningful role in society. Child-sensitive approaches to reintegration support should be focused on long-term and sustainable opportunities for children formerly associated with armed forces and groups that are gender- and age-sensitive. For sustainability, and to avoid tension, stigmatization or envy when a child is returned, DDR practitioners should ensure that broader community development processes are also consideredDDR practitioners should also be aware that no child below the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be investigated, prosecuted, or deprived of their liberty for any offence, including security and terrorism-related offences, in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Committee on the Rights of the Child encourages States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. Children, above the age of criminal responsibility, who are suspected of committing a serious crime, shall be handed over to civilian actors, and justice should be provided within juvenile justice frameworks. During all processes they shall be treated primarily as victims and as survivors of grave violations of their rights. Any investigation or determination of culpability shall be handled by trained civilian actors, including, where relevant, trained juvenile justice actors and made based on processes consistent with applicable international child rights standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards and principles, due process and fair trial standards, prioritizing the child\u2019s recovery, reintegration, and best interests in all decisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1055, "Sentence":"Efforts to prevent the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups should be a primary consideration during all DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR effort prevent recruitment child armed force group primary consideration ddr process ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The recruitment of children \u2013 girls and boys under the age of 18 \u2013 and their use in hostilities or for other purposes by armed forces and groups is illegal. It is also one of the worst forms of child labour and exploitation. Efforts to prevent the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups should be a primary consideration during all DDR processes. Prevention efforts should start early\u2014when possible, they should commence prior to armed conflict\u2014and they should take place continuously throughout the conflict, with careful consideration given to the structural, social and individual factors associated with the risk of recruitment and re-recruitment.Irrespective of how children were recruited, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFAG) shall be required. Any person under 18 years old must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR processes. Nonetheless, where relevant, peace processes, including peace agreements and DDR policy documents, offer an opportunity to highlight the needs of children affected by armed conflict and to ensure that actions and funding streams to support child-specific processes are included. The commitment to stop the recruitment and use of children and to release children from armed forces and groups shall be explicit within peace agreements.DRR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child-sensitive and gender- transformative approaches to planning, implementation, and monitoring. As such, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups, handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities. DDR practitioners and relevant child protection actors shall work together to design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, that help children to recover and reintegrate into their communities, and that take into account differences in age and gender needs. DDR practitioners should promote agency of children, enabling their right to participate in decision- making and shape DDR processes in line with their concerns\/needs.The specific needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral, as boys and girls often require support in (re)accessing education, an alternative livelihood, medical and mental health services, including reproductive health services and sexual violence recovery services, as well as other services that promote life skills and help them establish a meaningful role in society. Child-sensitive approaches to reintegration support should be focused on long-term and sustainable opportunities for children formerly associated with armed forces and groups that are gender- and age-sensitive. For sustainability, and to avoid tension, stigmatization or envy when a child is returned, DDR practitioners should ensure that broader community development processes are also consideredDDR practitioners should also be aware that no child below the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be investigated, prosecuted, or deprived of their liberty for any offence, including security and terrorism-related offences, in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Committee on the Rights of the Child encourages States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. Children, above the age of criminal responsibility, who are suspected of committing a serious crime, shall be handed over to civilian actors, and justice should be provided within juvenile justice frameworks. During all processes they shall be treated primarily as victims and as survivors of grave violations of their rights. Any investigation or determination of culpability shall be handled by trained civilian actors, including, where relevant, trained juvenile justice actors and made based on processes consistent with applicable international child rights standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards and principles, due process and fair trial standards, prioritizing the child\u2019s recovery, reintegration, and best interests in all decisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1055, "Sentence":"Prevention efforts should start early\u2014when possible, they should commence prior to armed conflict\u2014and they should take place continuously throughout the conflict, with careful consideration given to the structural, social and individual factors associated with the risk of recruitment and re-recruitment.Irrespective of how children were recruited, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFAG) shall be required.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR prevention effort start early\u2014when possible commence prior armed conflict\u2014and take place continuously throughout conflict careful consideration given structural social individual factor associated risk recruitment rerecruitment.irrespective child recruited unconditional immediate release child associated armed force group caafag shall required ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The recruitment of children \u2013 girls and boys under the age of 18 \u2013 and their use in hostilities or for other purposes by armed forces and groups is illegal. It is also one of the worst forms of child labour and exploitation. Efforts to prevent the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups should be a primary consideration during all DDR processes. Prevention efforts should start early\u2014when possible, they should commence prior to armed conflict\u2014and they should take place continuously throughout the conflict, with careful consideration given to the structural, social and individual factors associated with the risk of recruitment and re-recruitment.Irrespective of how children were recruited, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFAG) shall be required. Any person under 18 years old must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR processes. Nonetheless, where relevant, peace processes, including peace agreements and DDR policy documents, offer an opportunity to highlight the needs of children affected by armed conflict and to ensure that actions and funding streams to support child-specific processes are included. The commitment to stop the recruitment and use of children and to release children from armed forces and groups shall be explicit within peace agreements.DRR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child-sensitive and gender- transformative approaches to planning, implementation, and monitoring. As such, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups, handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities. DDR practitioners and relevant child protection actors shall work together to design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, that help children to recover and reintegrate into their communities, and that take into account differences in age and gender needs. DDR practitioners should promote agency of children, enabling their right to participate in decision- making and shape DDR processes in line with their concerns\/needs.The specific needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral, as boys and girls often require support in (re)accessing education, an alternative livelihood, medical and mental health services, including reproductive health services and sexual violence recovery services, as well as other services that promote life skills and help them establish a meaningful role in society. Child-sensitive approaches to reintegration support should be focused on long-term and sustainable opportunities for children formerly associated with armed forces and groups that are gender- and age-sensitive. For sustainability, and to avoid tension, stigmatization or envy when a child is returned, DDR practitioners should ensure that broader community development processes are also consideredDDR practitioners should also be aware that no child below the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be investigated, prosecuted, or deprived of their liberty for any offence, including security and terrorism-related offences, in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Committee on the Rights of the Child encourages States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. Children, above the age of criminal responsibility, who are suspected of committing a serious crime, shall be handed over to civilian actors, and justice should be provided within juvenile justice frameworks. During all processes they shall be treated primarily as victims and as survivors of grave violations of their rights. Any investigation or determination of culpability shall be handled by trained civilian actors, including, where relevant, trained juvenile justice actors and made based on processes consistent with applicable international child rights standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards and principles, due process and fair trial standards, prioritizing the child\u2019s recovery, reintegration, and best interests in all decisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1055, "Sentence":"Any person under 18 years old must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR person 18 year old must supported demobilize reintegrate family community time irrespective status peace negotiation and\/or development ddr process ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The recruitment of children \u2013 girls and boys under the age of 18 \u2013 and their use in hostilities or for other purposes by armed forces and groups is illegal. It is also one of the worst forms of child labour and exploitation. Efforts to prevent the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups should be a primary consideration during all DDR processes. Prevention efforts should start early\u2014when possible, they should commence prior to armed conflict\u2014and they should take place continuously throughout the conflict, with careful consideration given to the structural, social and individual factors associated with the risk of recruitment and re-recruitment.Irrespective of how children were recruited, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFAG) shall be required. Any person under 18 years old must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR processes. Nonetheless, where relevant, peace processes, including peace agreements and DDR policy documents, offer an opportunity to highlight the needs of children affected by armed conflict and to ensure that actions and funding streams to support child-specific processes are included. The commitment to stop the recruitment and use of children and to release children from armed forces and groups shall be explicit within peace agreements.DRR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child-sensitive and gender- transformative approaches to planning, implementation, and monitoring. As such, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups, handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities. DDR practitioners and relevant child protection actors shall work together to design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, that help children to recover and reintegrate into their communities, and that take into account differences in age and gender needs. DDR practitioners should promote agency of children, enabling their right to participate in decision- making and shape DDR processes in line with their concerns\/needs.The specific needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral, as boys and girls often require support in (re)accessing education, an alternative livelihood, medical and mental health services, including reproductive health services and sexual violence recovery services, as well as other services that promote life skills and help them establish a meaningful role in society. Child-sensitive approaches to reintegration support should be focused on long-term and sustainable opportunities for children formerly associated with armed forces and groups that are gender- and age-sensitive. For sustainability, and to avoid tension, stigmatization or envy when a child is returned, DDR practitioners should ensure that broader community development processes are also consideredDDR practitioners should also be aware that no child below the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be investigated, prosecuted, or deprived of their liberty for any offence, including security and terrorism-related offences, in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Committee on the Rights of the Child encourages States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. Children, above the age of criminal responsibility, who are suspected of committing a serious crime, shall be handed over to civilian actors, and justice should be provided within juvenile justice frameworks. During all processes they shall be treated primarily as victims and as survivors of grave violations of their rights. Any investigation or determination of culpability shall be handled by trained civilian actors, including, where relevant, trained juvenile justice actors and made based on processes consistent with applicable international child rights standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards and principles, due process and fair trial standards, prioritizing the child\u2019s recovery, reintegration, and best interests in all decisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1055, "Sentence":"Nonetheless, where relevant, peace processes, including peace agreements and DDR policy documents, offer an opportunity to highlight the needs of children affected by armed conflict and to ensure that actions and funding streams to support child-specific processes are included.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR nonetheless relevant peace process including peace agreement ddr policy document offer opportunity highlight need child affected armed conflict ensure action funding stream support childspecific process included ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The recruitment of children \u2013 girls and boys under the age of 18 \u2013 and their use in hostilities or for other purposes by armed forces and groups is illegal. It is also one of the worst forms of child labour and exploitation. Efforts to prevent the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups should be a primary consideration during all DDR processes. Prevention efforts should start early\u2014when possible, they should commence prior to armed conflict\u2014and they should take place continuously throughout the conflict, with careful consideration given to the structural, social and individual factors associated with the risk of recruitment and re-recruitment.Irrespective of how children were recruited, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFAG) shall be required. Any person under 18 years old must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR processes. Nonetheless, where relevant, peace processes, including peace agreements and DDR policy documents, offer an opportunity to highlight the needs of children affected by armed conflict and to ensure that actions and funding streams to support child-specific processes are included. The commitment to stop the recruitment and use of children and to release children from armed forces and groups shall be explicit within peace agreements.DRR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child-sensitive and gender- transformative approaches to planning, implementation, and monitoring. As such, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups, handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities. DDR practitioners and relevant child protection actors shall work together to design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, that help children to recover and reintegrate into their communities, and that take into account differences in age and gender needs. DDR practitioners should promote agency of children, enabling their right to participate in decision- making and shape DDR processes in line with their concerns\/needs.The specific needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral, as boys and girls often require support in (re)accessing education, an alternative livelihood, medical and mental health services, including reproductive health services and sexual violence recovery services, as well as other services that promote life skills and help them establish a meaningful role in society. Child-sensitive approaches to reintegration support should be focused on long-term and sustainable opportunities for children formerly associated with armed forces and groups that are gender- and age-sensitive. For sustainability, and to avoid tension, stigmatization or envy when a child is returned, DDR practitioners should ensure that broader community development processes are also consideredDDR practitioners should also be aware that no child below the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be investigated, prosecuted, or deprived of their liberty for any offence, including security and terrorism-related offences, in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Committee on the Rights of the Child encourages States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. Children, above the age of criminal responsibility, who are suspected of committing a serious crime, shall be handed over to civilian actors, and justice should be provided within juvenile justice frameworks. During all processes they shall be treated primarily as victims and as survivors of grave violations of their rights. Any investigation or determination of culpability shall be handled by trained civilian actors, including, where relevant, trained juvenile justice actors and made based on processes consistent with applicable international child rights standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards and principles, due process and fair trial standards, prioritizing the child\u2019s recovery, reintegration, and best interests in all decisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1055, "Sentence":"The commitment to stop the recruitment and use of children and to release children from armed forces and groups shall be explicit within peace agreements.DRR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child-sensitive and gender- transformative approaches to planning, implementation, and monitoring.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR commitment stop recruitment use child release child armed force group shall explicit within peace agreements.drr process shall specific need child apply childsensitive gender transformative approach planning implementation monitoring ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The recruitment of children \u2013 girls and boys under the age of 18 \u2013 and their use in hostilities or for other purposes by armed forces and groups is illegal. It is also one of the worst forms of child labour and exploitation. Efforts to prevent the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups should be a primary consideration during all DDR processes. Prevention efforts should start early\u2014when possible, they should commence prior to armed conflict\u2014and they should take place continuously throughout the conflict, with careful consideration given to the structural, social and individual factors associated with the risk of recruitment and re-recruitment.Irrespective of how children were recruited, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFAG) shall be required. Any person under 18 years old must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR processes. Nonetheless, where relevant, peace processes, including peace agreements and DDR policy documents, offer an opportunity to highlight the needs of children affected by armed conflict and to ensure that actions and funding streams to support child-specific processes are included. The commitment to stop the recruitment and use of children and to release children from armed forces and groups shall be explicit within peace agreements.DRR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child-sensitive and gender- transformative approaches to planning, implementation, and monitoring. As such, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups, handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities. DDR practitioners and relevant child protection actors shall work together to design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, that help children to recover and reintegrate into their communities, and that take into account differences in age and gender needs. DDR practitioners should promote agency of children, enabling their right to participate in decision- making and shape DDR processes in line with their concerns\/needs.The specific needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral, as boys and girls often require support in (re)accessing education, an alternative livelihood, medical and mental health services, including reproductive health services and sexual violence recovery services, as well as other services that promote life skills and help them establish a meaningful role in society. Child-sensitive approaches to reintegration support should be focused on long-term and sustainable opportunities for children formerly associated with armed forces and groups that are gender- and age-sensitive. For sustainability, and to avoid tension, stigmatization or envy when a child is returned, DDR practitioners should ensure that broader community development processes are also consideredDDR practitioners should also be aware that no child below the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be investigated, prosecuted, or deprived of their liberty for any offence, including security and terrorism-related offences, in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Committee on the Rights of the Child encourages States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. Children, above the age of criminal responsibility, who are suspected of committing a serious crime, shall be handed over to civilian actors, and justice should be provided within juvenile justice frameworks. During all processes they shall be treated primarily as victims and as survivors of grave violations of their rights. Any investigation or determination of culpability shall be handled by trained civilian actors, including, where relevant, trained juvenile justice actors and made based on processes consistent with applicable international child rights standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards and principles, due process and fair trial standards, prioritizing the child\u2019s recovery, reintegration, and best interests in all decisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1055, "Sentence":"As such, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups, handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child shall separated armed force group handed child protection actor supported demobilize reintegrate family community ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The recruitment of children \u2013 girls and boys under the age of 18 \u2013 and their use in hostilities or for other purposes by armed forces and groups is illegal. It is also one of the worst forms of child labour and exploitation. Efforts to prevent the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups should be a primary consideration during all DDR processes. Prevention efforts should start early\u2014when possible, they should commence prior to armed conflict\u2014and they should take place continuously throughout the conflict, with careful consideration given to the structural, social and individual factors associated with the risk of recruitment and re-recruitment.Irrespective of how children were recruited, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFAG) shall be required. Any person under 18 years old must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR processes. Nonetheless, where relevant, peace processes, including peace agreements and DDR policy documents, offer an opportunity to highlight the needs of children affected by armed conflict and to ensure that actions and funding streams to support child-specific processes are included. The commitment to stop the recruitment and use of children and to release children from armed forces and groups shall be explicit within peace agreements.DRR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child-sensitive and gender- transformative approaches to planning, implementation, and monitoring. As such, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups, handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities. DDR practitioners and relevant child protection actors shall work together to design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, that help children to recover and reintegrate into their communities, and that take into account differences in age and gender needs. DDR practitioners should promote agency of children, enabling their right to participate in decision- making and shape DDR processes in line with their concerns\/needs.The specific needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral, as boys and girls often require support in (re)accessing education, an alternative livelihood, medical and mental health services, including reproductive health services and sexual violence recovery services, as well as other services that promote life skills and help them establish a meaningful role in society. Child-sensitive approaches to reintegration support should be focused on long-term and sustainable opportunities for children formerly associated with armed forces and groups that are gender- and age-sensitive. For sustainability, and to avoid tension, stigmatization or envy when a child is returned, DDR practitioners should ensure that broader community development processes are also consideredDDR practitioners should also be aware that no child below the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be investigated, prosecuted, or deprived of their liberty for any offence, including security and terrorism-related offences, in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Committee on the Rights of the Child encourages States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. Children, above the age of criminal responsibility, who are suspected of committing a serious crime, shall be handed over to civilian actors, and justice should be provided within juvenile justice frameworks. During all processes they shall be treated primarily as victims and as survivors of grave violations of their rights. Any investigation or determination of culpability shall be handled by trained civilian actors, including, where relevant, trained juvenile justice actors and made based on processes consistent with applicable international child rights standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards and principles, due process and fair trial standards, prioritizing the child\u2019s recovery, reintegration, and best interests in all decisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1055, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners and relevant child protection actors shall work together to design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, that help children to recover and reintegrate into their communities, and that take into account differences in age and gender needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr practitioner relevant child protection actor shall work together design implement service intervention aim prevent child \u2019 recruitment rerecruitment help child recover reintegrate community take account difference age gender need ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The recruitment of children \u2013 girls and boys under the age of 18 \u2013 and their use in hostilities or for other purposes by armed forces and groups is illegal. It is also one of the worst forms of child labour and exploitation. Efforts to prevent the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups should be a primary consideration during all DDR processes. Prevention efforts should start early\u2014when possible, they should commence prior to armed conflict\u2014and they should take place continuously throughout the conflict, with careful consideration given to the structural, social and individual factors associated with the risk of recruitment and re-recruitment.Irrespective of how children were recruited, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFAG) shall be required. Any person under 18 years old must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR processes. Nonetheless, where relevant, peace processes, including peace agreements and DDR policy documents, offer an opportunity to highlight the needs of children affected by armed conflict and to ensure that actions and funding streams to support child-specific processes are included. The commitment to stop the recruitment and use of children and to release children from armed forces and groups shall be explicit within peace agreements.DRR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child-sensitive and gender- transformative approaches to planning, implementation, and monitoring. As such, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups, handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities. DDR practitioners and relevant child protection actors shall work together to design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, that help children to recover and reintegrate into their communities, and that take into account differences in age and gender needs. DDR practitioners should promote agency of children, enabling their right to participate in decision- making and shape DDR processes in line with their concerns\/needs.The specific needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral, as boys and girls often require support in (re)accessing education, an alternative livelihood, medical and mental health services, including reproductive health services and sexual violence recovery services, as well as other services that promote life skills and help them establish a meaningful role in society. Child-sensitive approaches to reintegration support should be focused on long-term and sustainable opportunities for children formerly associated with armed forces and groups that are gender- and age-sensitive. For sustainability, and to avoid tension, stigmatization or envy when a child is returned, DDR practitioners should ensure that broader community development processes are also consideredDDR practitioners should also be aware that no child below the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be investigated, prosecuted, or deprived of their liberty for any offence, including security and terrorism-related offences, in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Committee on the Rights of the Child encourages States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. Children, above the age of criminal responsibility, who are suspected of committing a serious crime, shall be handed over to civilian actors, and justice should be provided within juvenile justice frameworks. During all processes they shall be treated primarily as victims and as survivors of grave violations of their rights. Any investigation or determination of culpability shall be handled by trained civilian actors, including, where relevant, trained juvenile justice actors and made based on processes consistent with applicable international child rights standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards and principles, due process and fair trial standards, prioritizing the child\u2019s recovery, reintegration, and best interests in all decisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1055, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should promote agency of children, enabling their right to participate in decision- making and shape DDR processes in line with their concerns\/needs.The specific needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral, as boys and girls often require support in (re)accessing education, an alternative livelihood, medical and mental health services, including reproductive health services and sexual violence recovery services, as well as other services that promote life skills and help them establish a meaningful role in society.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr practitioner promote agency child enabling right participate decision making shape ddr process line concerns\/needs.the specific need child formerly associated armed force group reintegration multisectoral boy girl often require support reaccessing education alternative livelihood medical mental health service including reproductive health service sexual violence recovery service well service promote life skill help establish meaningful role society ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The recruitment of children \u2013 girls and boys under the age of 18 \u2013 and their use in hostilities or for other purposes by armed forces and groups is illegal. It is also one of the worst forms of child labour and exploitation. Efforts to prevent the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups should be a primary consideration during all DDR processes. Prevention efforts should start early\u2014when possible, they should commence prior to armed conflict\u2014and they should take place continuously throughout the conflict, with careful consideration given to the structural, social and individual factors associated with the risk of recruitment and re-recruitment.Irrespective of how children were recruited, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFAG) shall be required. Any person under 18 years old must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR processes. Nonetheless, where relevant, peace processes, including peace agreements and DDR policy documents, offer an opportunity to highlight the needs of children affected by armed conflict and to ensure that actions and funding streams to support child-specific processes are included. The commitment to stop the recruitment and use of children and to release children from armed forces and groups shall be explicit within peace agreements.DRR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child-sensitive and gender- transformative approaches to planning, implementation, and monitoring. As such, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups, handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities. DDR practitioners and relevant child protection actors shall work together to design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, that help children to recover and reintegrate into their communities, and that take into account differences in age and gender needs. DDR practitioners should promote agency of children, enabling their right to participate in decision- making and shape DDR processes in line with their concerns\/needs.The specific needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral, as boys and girls often require support in (re)accessing education, an alternative livelihood, medical and mental health services, including reproductive health services and sexual violence recovery services, as well as other services that promote life skills and help them establish a meaningful role in society. Child-sensitive approaches to reintegration support should be focused on long-term and sustainable opportunities for children formerly associated with armed forces and groups that are gender- and age-sensitive. For sustainability, and to avoid tension, stigmatization or envy when a child is returned, DDR practitioners should ensure that broader community development processes are also consideredDDR practitioners should also be aware that no child below the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be investigated, prosecuted, or deprived of their liberty for any offence, including security and terrorism-related offences, in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Committee on the Rights of the Child encourages States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. Children, above the age of criminal responsibility, who are suspected of committing a serious crime, shall be handed over to civilian actors, and justice should be provided within juvenile justice frameworks. During all processes they shall be treated primarily as victims and as survivors of grave violations of their rights. Any investigation or determination of culpability shall be handled by trained civilian actors, including, where relevant, trained juvenile justice actors and made based on processes consistent with applicable international child rights standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards and principles, due process and fair trial standards, prioritizing the child\u2019s recovery, reintegration, and best interests in all decisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1055, "Sentence":"Child-sensitive approaches to reintegration support should be focused on long-term and sustainable opportunities for children formerly associated with armed forces and groups that are gender- and age-sensitive.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR childsensitive approach reintegration support focused longterm sustainable opportunity child formerly associated armed force group gender agesensitive ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The recruitment of children \u2013 girls and boys under the age of 18 \u2013 and their use in hostilities or for other purposes by armed forces and groups is illegal. It is also one of the worst forms of child labour and exploitation. Efforts to prevent the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups should be a primary consideration during all DDR processes. Prevention efforts should start early\u2014when possible, they should commence prior to armed conflict\u2014and they should take place continuously throughout the conflict, with careful consideration given to the structural, social and individual factors associated with the risk of recruitment and re-recruitment.Irrespective of how children were recruited, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFAG) shall be required. Any person under 18 years old must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR processes. Nonetheless, where relevant, peace processes, including peace agreements and DDR policy documents, offer an opportunity to highlight the needs of children affected by armed conflict and to ensure that actions and funding streams to support child-specific processes are included. The commitment to stop the recruitment and use of children and to release children from armed forces and groups shall be explicit within peace agreements.DRR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child-sensitive and gender- transformative approaches to planning, implementation, and monitoring. As such, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups, handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities. DDR practitioners and relevant child protection actors shall work together to design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, that help children to recover and reintegrate into their communities, and that take into account differences in age and gender needs. DDR practitioners should promote agency of children, enabling their right to participate in decision- making and shape DDR processes in line with their concerns\/needs.The specific needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral, as boys and girls often require support in (re)accessing education, an alternative livelihood, medical and mental health services, including reproductive health services and sexual violence recovery services, as well as other services that promote life skills and help them establish a meaningful role in society. Child-sensitive approaches to reintegration support should be focused on long-term and sustainable opportunities for children formerly associated with armed forces and groups that are gender- and age-sensitive. For sustainability, and to avoid tension, stigmatization or envy when a child is returned, DDR practitioners should ensure that broader community development processes are also consideredDDR practitioners should also be aware that no child below the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be investigated, prosecuted, or deprived of their liberty for any offence, including security and terrorism-related offences, in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Committee on the Rights of the Child encourages States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. Children, above the age of criminal responsibility, who are suspected of committing a serious crime, shall be handed over to civilian actors, and justice should be provided within juvenile justice frameworks. During all processes they shall be treated primarily as victims and as survivors of grave violations of their rights. Any investigation or determination of culpability shall be handled by trained civilian actors, including, where relevant, trained juvenile justice actors and made based on processes consistent with applicable international child rights standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards and principles, due process and fair trial standards, prioritizing the child\u2019s recovery, reintegration, and best interests in all decisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1055, "Sentence":"For sustainability, and to avoid tension, stigmatization or envy when a child is returned, DDR practitioners should ensure that broader community development processes are also consideredDDR practitioners should also be aware that no child below the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be investigated, prosecuted, or deprived of their liberty for any offence, including security and terrorism-related offences, in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR sustainability avoid tension stigmatization envy child returned ddr practitioner ensure broader community development process also consideredddr practitioner also aware child minimum age criminal responsibility macr investigated prosecuted deprived liberty offence including security terrorismrelated offence line provision convention right child ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The recruitment of children \u2013 girls and boys under the age of 18 \u2013 and their use in hostilities or for other purposes by armed forces and groups is illegal. It is also one of the worst forms of child labour and exploitation. Efforts to prevent the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups should be a primary consideration during all DDR processes. Prevention efforts should start early\u2014when possible, they should commence prior to armed conflict\u2014and they should take place continuously throughout the conflict, with careful consideration given to the structural, social and individual factors associated with the risk of recruitment and re-recruitment.Irrespective of how children were recruited, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFAG) shall be required. Any person under 18 years old must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR processes. Nonetheless, where relevant, peace processes, including peace agreements and DDR policy documents, offer an opportunity to highlight the needs of children affected by armed conflict and to ensure that actions and funding streams to support child-specific processes are included. The commitment to stop the recruitment and use of children and to release children from armed forces and groups shall be explicit within peace agreements.DRR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child-sensitive and gender- transformative approaches to planning, implementation, and monitoring. As such, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups, handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities. DDR practitioners and relevant child protection actors shall work together to design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, that help children to recover and reintegrate into their communities, and that take into account differences in age and gender needs. DDR practitioners should promote agency of children, enabling their right to participate in decision- making and shape DDR processes in line with their concerns\/needs.The specific needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral, as boys and girls often require support in (re)accessing education, an alternative livelihood, medical and mental health services, including reproductive health services and sexual violence recovery services, as well as other services that promote life skills and help them establish a meaningful role in society. Child-sensitive approaches to reintegration support should be focused on long-term and sustainable opportunities for children formerly associated with armed forces and groups that are gender- and age-sensitive. For sustainability, and to avoid tension, stigmatization or envy when a child is returned, DDR practitioners should ensure that broader community development processes are also consideredDDR practitioners should also be aware that no child below the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be investigated, prosecuted, or deprived of their liberty for any offence, including security and terrorism-related offences, in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Committee on the Rights of the Child encourages States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. Children, above the age of criminal responsibility, who are suspected of committing a serious crime, shall be handed over to civilian actors, and justice should be provided within juvenile justice frameworks. During all processes they shall be treated primarily as victims and as survivors of grave violations of their rights. Any investigation or determination of culpability shall be handled by trained civilian actors, including, where relevant, trained juvenile justice actors and made based on processes consistent with applicable international child rights standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards and principles, due process and fair trial standards, prioritizing the child\u2019s recovery, reintegration, and best interests in all decisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1055, "Sentence":"The Committee on the Rights of the Child encourages States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR committee right child encourages state increase macr possible lower 14 year age commending state set higher macr 15 16 year age ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The recruitment of children \u2013 girls and boys under the age of 18 \u2013 and their use in hostilities or for other purposes by armed forces and groups is illegal. It is also one of the worst forms of child labour and exploitation. Efforts to prevent the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups should be a primary consideration during all DDR processes. Prevention efforts should start early\u2014when possible, they should commence prior to armed conflict\u2014and they should take place continuously throughout the conflict, with careful consideration given to the structural, social and individual factors associated with the risk of recruitment and re-recruitment.Irrespective of how children were recruited, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFAG) shall be required. Any person under 18 years old must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR processes. Nonetheless, where relevant, peace processes, including peace agreements and DDR policy documents, offer an opportunity to highlight the needs of children affected by armed conflict and to ensure that actions and funding streams to support child-specific processes are included. The commitment to stop the recruitment and use of children and to release children from armed forces and groups shall be explicit within peace agreements.DRR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child-sensitive and gender- transformative approaches to planning, implementation, and monitoring. As such, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups, handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities. DDR practitioners and relevant child protection actors shall work together to design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, that help children to recover and reintegrate into their communities, and that take into account differences in age and gender needs. DDR practitioners should promote agency of children, enabling their right to participate in decision- making and shape DDR processes in line with their concerns\/needs.The specific needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral, as boys and girls often require support in (re)accessing education, an alternative livelihood, medical and mental health services, including reproductive health services and sexual violence recovery services, as well as other services that promote life skills and help them establish a meaningful role in society. Child-sensitive approaches to reintegration support should be focused on long-term and sustainable opportunities for children formerly associated with armed forces and groups that are gender- and age-sensitive. For sustainability, and to avoid tension, stigmatization or envy when a child is returned, DDR practitioners should ensure that broader community development processes are also consideredDDR practitioners should also be aware that no child below the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be investigated, prosecuted, or deprived of their liberty for any offence, including security and terrorism-related offences, in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Committee on the Rights of the Child encourages States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. Children, above the age of criminal responsibility, who are suspected of committing a serious crime, shall be handed over to civilian actors, and justice should be provided within juvenile justice frameworks. During all processes they shall be treated primarily as victims and as survivors of grave violations of their rights. Any investigation or determination of culpability shall be handled by trained civilian actors, including, where relevant, trained juvenile justice actors and made based on processes consistent with applicable international child rights standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards and principles, due process and fair trial standards, prioritizing the child\u2019s recovery, reintegration, and best interests in all decisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1055, "Sentence":"Children, above the age of criminal responsibility, who are suspected of committing a serious crime, shall be handed over to civilian actors, and justice should be provided within juvenile justice frameworks.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child age criminal responsibility suspected committing serious crime shall handed civilian actor justice provided within juvenile justice framework ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The recruitment of children \u2013 girls and boys under the age of 18 \u2013 and their use in hostilities or for other purposes by armed forces and groups is illegal. It is also one of the worst forms of child labour and exploitation. Efforts to prevent the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups should be a primary consideration during all DDR processes. Prevention efforts should start early\u2014when possible, they should commence prior to armed conflict\u2014and they should take place continuously throughout the conflict, with careful consideration given to the structural, social and individual factors associated with the risk of recruitment and re-recruitment.Irrespective of how children were recruited, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFAG) shall be required. Any person under 18 years old must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR processes. Nonetheless, where relevant, peace processes, including peace agreements and DDR policy documents, offer an opportunity to highlight the needs of children affected by armed conflict and to ensure that actions and funding streams to support child-specific processes are included. The commitment to stop the recruitment and use of children and to release children from armed forces and groups shall be explicit within peace agreements.DRR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child-sensitive and gender- transformative approaches to planning, implementation, and monitoring. As such, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups, handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities. DDR practitioners and relevant child protection actors shall work together to design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, that help children to recover and reintegrate into their communities, and that take into account differences in age and gender needs. DDR practitioners should promote agency of children, enabling their right to participate in decision- making and shape DDR processes in line with their concerns\/needs.The specific needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral, as boys and girls often require support in (re)accessing education, an alternative livelihood, medical and mental health services, including reproductive health services and sexual violence recovery services, as well as other services that promote life skills and help them establish a meaningful role in society. Child-sensitive approaches to reintegration support should be focused on long-term and sustainable opportunities for children formerly associated with armed forces and groups that are gender- and age-sensitive. For sustainability, and to avoid tension, stigmatization or envy when a child is returned, DDR practitioners should ensure that broader community development processes are also consideredDDR practitioners should also be aware that no child below the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be investigated, prosecuted, or deprived of their liberty for any offence, including security and terrorism-related offences, in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Committee on the Rights of the Child encourages States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. Children, above the age of criminal responsibility, who are suspected of committing a serious crime, shall be handed over to civilian actors, and justice should be provided within juvenile justice frameworks. During all processes they shall be treated primarily as victims and as survivors of grave violations of their rights. Any investigation or determination of culpability shall be handled by trained civilian actors, including, where relevant, trained juvenile justice actors and made based on processes consistent with applicable international child rights standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards and principles, due process and fair trial standards, prioritizing the child\u2019s recovery, reintegration, and best interests in all decisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1055, "Sentence":"During all processes they shall be treated primarily as victims and as survivors of grave violations of their rights.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR process shall treated primarily victim survivor grave violation right ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The recruitment of children \u2013 girls and boys under the age of 18 \u2013 and their use in hostilities or for other purposes by armed forces and groups is illegal. It is also one of the worst forms of child labour and exploitation. Efforts to prevent the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups should be a primary consideration during all DDR processes. Prevention efforts should start early\u2014when possible, they should commence prior to armed conflict\u2014and they should take place continuously throughout the conflict, with careful consideration given to the structural, social and individual factors associated with the risk of recruitment and re-recruitment.Irrespective of how children were recruited, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFAG) shall be required. Any person under 18 years old must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and\/or the development of DDR processes. Nonetheless, where relevant, peace processes, including peace agreements and DDR policy documents, offer an opportunity to highlight the needs of children affected by armed conflict and to ensure that actions and funding streams to support child-specific processes are included. The commitment to stop the recruitment and use of children and to release children from armed forces and groups shall be explicit within peace agreements.DRR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child-sensitive and gender- transformative approaches to planning, implementation, and monitoring. As such, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups, handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities. DDR practitioners and relevant child protection actors shall work together to design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, that help children to recover and reintegrate into their communities, and that take into account differences in age and gender needs. DDR practitioners should promote agency of children, enabling their right to participate in decision- making and shape DDR processes in line with their concerns\/needs.The specific needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral, as boys and girls often require support in (re)accessing education, an alternative livelihood, medical and mental health services, including reproductive health services and sexual violence recovery services, as well as other services that promote life skills and help them establish a meaningful role in society. Child-sensitive approaches to reintegration support should be focused on long-term and sustainable opportunities for children formerly associated with armed forces and groups that are gender- and age-sensitive. For sustainability, and to avoid tension, stigmatization or envy when a child is returned, DDR practitioners should ensure that broader community development processes are also consideredDDR practitioners should also be aware that no child below the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be investigated, prosecuted, or deprived of their liberty for any offence, including security and terrorism-related offences, in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Committee on the Rights of the Child encourages States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. Children, above the age of criminal responsibility, who are suspected of committing a serious crime, shall be handed over to civilian actors, and justice should be provided within juvenile justice frameworks. During all processes they shall be treated primarily as victims and as survivors of grave violations of their rights. Any investigation or determination of culpability shall be handled by trained civilian actors, including, where relevant, trained juvenile justice actors and made based on processes consistent with applicable international child rights standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards and principles, due process and fair trial standards, prioritizing the child\u2019s recovery, reintegration, and best interests in all decisions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1055, "Sentence":"Any investigation or determination of culpability shall be handled by trained civilian actors, including, where relevant, trained juvenile justice actors and made based on processes consistent with applicable international child rights standards, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards and principles, due process and fair trial standards, prioritizing the child\u2019s recovery, reintegration, and best interests in all decisions.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR investigation determination culpability shall handled trained civilian actor including relevant trained juvenile justice actor made based process consistent applicable international child right standard including convention right child internationally recognized juvenile justice standard principle due process fair trial standard prioritizing child \u2019 recovery reintegration best interest decision ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide DDR practitioners and child protection actors with guidance on the planning, design and implementation of DDR processes for CAAFAG in both mission and non- mission settings. The main objectives of this guidance are: \\n To set out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes for children. \\n To outline the normative legal framework that applies to children and must be integrated across DDR processes for children through planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation. \\n To provide guidance and key considerations to drive continuous efforts to prevent the recruitment and re-recruitment of children into armed forces and groups. \\n To provide guidance on child- and gender-sensitive approaches to DDR highlighting the importance of both individualized and community-based approaches. \\n To highlight international norms and standards around criminal responsibility and accountability in relation to CAAFAG.This module is applicable to all CAAFAG but should be used in conjunction with IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR. IDDRS 5.30 provides guidance on children who are closer to 18 years of age. These children, who are likely to enter into employment and who have socio-political reintegration demands, especially young adults with their own children, require special assistance. The challenge of demobilizing and reintegrating former combatants who were mobilized as children and demobilized as adults is also covered in IDDRS 5.30. In addition, this module should also be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1056, "Sentence":"This module aims to provide DDR practitioners and child protection actors with guidance on the planning, design and implementation of DDR processes for CAAFAG in both mission and non- mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR module aim provide ddr practitioner child protection actor guidance planning design implementation ddr process caafag mission non mission setting ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide DDR practitioners and child protection actors with guidance on the planning, design and implementation of DDR processes for CAAFAG in both mission and non- mission settings. The main objectives of this guidance are: \\n To set out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes for children. \\n To outline the normative legal framework that applies to children and must be integrated across DDR processes for children through planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation. \\n To provide guidance and key considerations to drive continuous efforts to prevent the recruitment and re-recruitment of children into armed forces and groups. \\n To provide guidance on child- and gender-sensitive approaches to DDR highlighting the importance of both individualized and community-based approaches. \\n To highlight international norms and standards around criminal responsibility and accountability in relation to CAAFAG.This module is applicable to all CAAFAG but should be used in conjunction with IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR. IDDRS 5.30 provides guidance on children who are closer to 18 years of age. These children, who are likely to enter into employment and who have socio-political reintegration demands, especially young adults with their own children, require special assistance. The challenge of demobilizing and reintegrating former combatants who were mobilized as children and demobilized as adults is also covered in IDDRS 5.30. In addition, this module should also be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1056, "Sentence":"The main objectives of this guidance are: \\n To set out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes for children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR main objective guidance n set main principle guide aspect ddr process child ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide DDR practitioners and child protection actors with guidance on the planning, design and implementation of DDR processes for CAAFAG in both mission and non- mission settings. The main objectives of this guidance are: \\n To set out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes for children. \\n To outline the normative legal framework that applies to children and must be integrated across DDR processes for children through planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation. \\n To provide guidance and key considerations to drive continuous efforts to prevent the recruitment and re-recruitment of children into armed forces and groups. \\n To provide guidance on child- and gender-sensitive approaches to DDR highlighting the importance of both individualized and community-based approaches. \\n To highlight international norms and standards around criminal responsibility and accountability in relation to CAAFAG.This module is applicable to all CAAFAG but should be used in conjunction with IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR. IDDRS 5.30 provides guidance on children who are closer to 18 years of age. These children, who are likely to enter into employment and who have socio-political reintegration demands, especially young adults with their own children, require special assistance. The challenge of demobilizing and reintegrating former combatants who were mobilized as children and demobilized as adults is also covered in IDDRS 5.30. In addition, this module should also be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1056, "Sentence":"\\n To outline the normative legal framework that applies to children and must be integrated across DDR processes for children through planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n outline normative legal framework applies child must integrated across ddr process child planning design implementation monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide DDR practitioners and child protection actors with guidance on the planning, design and implementation of DDR processes for CAAFAG in both mission and non- mission settings. The main objectives of this guidance are: \\n To set out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes for children. \\n To outline the normative legal framework that applies to children and must be integrated across DDR processes for children through planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation. \\n To provide guidance and key considerations to drive continuous efforts to prevent the recruitment and re-recruitment of children into armed forces and groups. \\n To provide guidance on child- and gender-sensitive approaches to DDR highlighting the importance of both individualized and community-based approaches. \\n To highlight international norms and standards around criminal responsibility and accountability in relation to CAAFAG.This module is applicable to all CAAFAG but should be used in conjunction with IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR. IDDRS 5.30 provides guidance on children who are closer to 18 years of age. These children, who are likely to enter into employment and who have socio-political reintegration demands, especially young adults with their own children, require special assistance. The challenge of demobilizing and reintegrating former combatants who were mobilized as children and demobilized as adults is also covered in IDDRS 5.30. In addition, this module should also be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1056, "Sentence":"\\n To provide guidance and key considerations to drive continuous efforts to prevent the recruitment and re-recruitment of children into armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n provide guidance key consideration drive continuous effort prevent recruitment rerecruitment child armed force group ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide DDR practitioners and child protection actors with guidance on the planning, design and implementation of DDR processes for CAAFAG in both mission and non- mission settings. The main objectives of this guidance are: \\n To set out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes for children. \\n To outline the normative legal framework that applies to children and must be integrated across DDR processes for children through planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation. \\n To provide guidance and key considerations to drive continuous efforts to prevent the recruitment and re-recruitment of children into armed forces and groups. \\n To provide guidance on child- and gender-sensitive approaches to DDR highlighting the importance of both individualized and community-based approaches. \\n To highlight international norms and standards around criminal responsibility and accountability in relation to CAAFAG.This module is applicable to all CAAFAG but should be used in conjunction with IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR. IDDRS 5.30 provides guidance on children who are closer to 18 years of age. These children, who are likely to enter into employment and who have socio-political reintegration demands, especially young adults with their own children, require special assistance. The challenge of demobilizing and reintegrating former combatants who were mobilized as children and demobilized as adults is also covered in IDDRS 5.30. In addition, this module should also be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1056, "Sentence":"\\n To provide guidance on child- and gender-sensitive approaches to DDR highlighting the importance of both individualized and community-based approaches.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n provide guidance child gendersensitive approach ddr highlighting importance individualized communitybased approach ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide DDR practitioners and child protection actors with guidance on the planning, design and implementation of DDR processes for CAAFAG in both mission and non- mission settings. The main objectives of this guidance are: \\n To set out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes for children. \\n To outline the normative legal framework that applies to children and must be integrated across DDR processes for children through planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation. \\n To provide guidance and key considerations to drive continuous efforts to prevent the recruitment and re-recruitment of children into armed forces and groups. \\n To provide guidance on child- and gender-sensitive approaches to DDR highlighting the importance of both individualized and community-based approaches. \\n To highlight international norms and standards around criminal responsibility and accountability in relation to CAAFAG.This module is applicable to all CAAFAG but should be used in conjunction with IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR. IDDRS 5.30 provides guidance on children who are closer to 18 years of age. These children, who are likely to enter into employment and who have socio-political reintegration demands, especially young adults with their own children, require special assistance. The challenge of demobilizing and reintegrating former combatants who were mobilized as children and demobilized as adults is also covered in IDDRS 5.30. In addition, this module should also be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1056, "Sentence":"\\n To highlight international norms and standards around criminal responsibility and accountability in relation to CAAFAG.This module is applicable to all CAAFAG but should be used in conjunction with IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n highlight international norm standard around criminal responsibility accountability relation caafag.this module applicable caafag used conjunction iddrs 5.30 youth ddr ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide DDR practitioners and child protection actors with guidance on the planning, design and implementation of DDR processes for CAAFAG in both mission and non- mission settings. The main objectives of this guidance are: \\n To set out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes for children. \\n To outline the normative legal framework that applies to children and must be integrated across DDR processes for children through planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation. \\n To provide guidance and key considerations to drive continuous efforts to prevent the recruitment and re-recruitment of children into armed forces and groups. \\n To provide guidance on child- and gender-sensitive approaches to DDR highlighting the importance of both individualized and community-based approaches. \\n To highlight international norms and standards around criminal responsibility and accountability in relation to CAAFAG.This module is applicable to all CAAFAG but should be used in conjunction with IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR. IDDRS 5.30 provides guidance on children who are closer to 18 years of age. These children, who are likely to enter into employment and who have socio-political reintegration demands, especially young adults with their own children, require special assistance. The challenge of demobilizing and reintegrating former combatants who were mobilized as children and demobilized as adults is also covered in IDDRS 5.30. In addition, this module should also be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1056, "Sentence":"IDDRS 5.30 provides guidance on children who are closer to 18 years of age.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR iddrs 5.30 provides guidance child closer 18 year age ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide DDR practitioners and child protection actors with guidance on the planning, design and implementation of DDR processes for CAAFAG in both mission and non- mission settings. The main objectives of this guidance are: \\n To set out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes for children. \\n To outline the normative legal framework that applies to children and must be integrated across DDR processes for children through planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation. \\n To provide guidance and key considerations to drive continuous efforts to prevent the recruitment and re-recruitment of children into armed forces and groups. \\n To provide guidance on child- and gender-sensitive approaches to DDR highlighting the importance of both individualized and community-based approaches. \\n To highlight international norms and standards around criminal responsibility and accountability in relation to CAAFAG.This module is applicable to all CAAFAG but should be used in conjunction with IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR. IDDRS 5.30 provides guidance on children who are closer to 18 years of age. These children, who are likely to enter into employment and who have socio-political reintegration demands, especially young adults with their own children, require special assistance. The challenge of demobilizing and reintegrating former combatants who were mobilized as children and demobilized as adults is also covered in IDDRS 5.30. In addition, this module should also be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1056, "Sentence":"These children, who are likely to enter into employment and who have socio-political reintegration demands, especially young adults with their own children, require special assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child likely enter employment sociopolitical reintegration demand especially young adult child require special assistance ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide DDR practitioners and child protection actors with guidance on the planning, design and implementation of DDR processes for CAAFAG in both mission and non- mission settings. The main objectives of this guidance are: \\n To set out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes for children. \\n To outline the normative legal framework that applies to children and must be integrated across DDR processes for children through planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation. \\n To provide guidance and key considerations to drive continuous efforts to prevent the recruitment and re-recruitment of children into armed forces and groups. \\n To provide guidance on child- and gender-sensitive approaches to DDR highlighting the importance of both individualized and community-based approaches. \\n To highlight international norms and standards around criminal responsibility and accountability in relation to CAAFAG.This module is applicable to all CAAFAG but should be used in conjunction with IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR. IDDRS 5.30 provides guidance on children who are closer to 18 years of age. These children, who are likely to enter into employment and who have socio-political reintegration demands, especially young adults with their own children, require special assistance. The challenge of demobilizing and reintegrating former combatants who were mobilized as children and demobilized as adults is also covered in IDDRS 5.30. In addition, this module should also be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1056, "Sentence":"The challenge of demobilizing and reintegrating former combatants who were mobilized as children and demobilized as adults is also covered in IDDRS 5.30.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR challenge demobilizing reintegrating former combatant mobilized child demobilized adult also covered iddrs 5.30 ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide DDR practitioners and child protection actors with guidance on the planning, design and implementation of DDR processes for CAAFAG in both mission and non- mission settings. The main objectives of this guidance are: \\n To set out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes for children. \\n To outline the normative legal framework that applies to children and must be integrated across DDR processes for children through planning, design, implementation and monitoring and evaluation. \\n To provide guidance and key considerations to drive continuous efforts to prevent the recruitment and re-recruitment of children into armed forces and groups. \\n To provide guidance on child- and gender-sensitive approaches to DDR highlighting the importance of both individualized and community-based approaches. \\n To highlight international norms and standards around criminal responsibility and accountability in relation to CAAFAG.This module is applicable to all CAAFAG but should be used in conjunction with IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR. IDDRS 5.30 provides guidance on children who are closer to 18 years of age. These children, who are likely to enter into employment and who have socio-political reintegration demands, especially young adults with their own children, require special assistance. The challenge of demobilizing and reintegrating former combatants who were mobilized as children and demobilized as adults is also covered in IDDRS 5.30. In addition, this module should also be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1056, "Sentence":"In addition, this module should also be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR addition module also read conjunction iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Children associated with armed forces or armed groups refers to persons below 18 years of age who are or who have been recruited or used by an armed force or group in any capacity, including but not limited to children, boys or girls, used as fighters, cooks, porters, messengers, spies or for sexual purposes. This term is used in the Paris Principles and is used here instead of the term \u2018child soldiers\u2019 because it more inclusively recognizes children who perform not only combat roles but also support or other functions in an armed force or group.Child recruitment refers to compulsory, forced and any other conscription or enlistment of children into any kind of armed force or armed group. This can include recruitment by communities, coerced recruitment, or abductions into armed forces and groups. The definition is purposefully broad and encompasses the possibility that any child recruitment may be coerced, forced, or manipulated based on the child\u2019s circumstances and may appear voluntary.Unlawful recruitment or use is recruitment or use of children under the age stipulated in the international treaties applicable to the armed force or group in question or under applicable national law. The Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC) bans recruitment of children under 15 and requires States to take all possible measures to prevent recruitment of children under 18 including the adoption of legal measures necessary to prohibit and criminalize such practices.1 It also bans all recruitment and use of children by armed groups. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute ban recruitment of children under age 15.Release includes the process of formal and controlled disarmament and demobilization of children from an armed force or group, as well as the informal ways in which children leave by escaping, being captured or any other means. It implies a disassociation from the armed force or group and the beginning of the transition from military to civilian life. Release can take place during a situation of armed conflict; it is not dependent on the temporary or permanent cessation of hostilities. Release is not dependent on children having weapons to forfeit.Reintegration of children is the process through which children transition into society and enter meaningful roles and identities as civilians who are accepted by their families and communities in a context of local and national reconciliation. Sustainable reintegration is achieved when the political, legal, economic and social conditions needed for children to maintain life, livelihood and dignity have been secured. The reintegration process aims to ensure that children can access their rights, including formal and non-formal education, family unity, dignified livelihoods and safety from harm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1057, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR annex contains list abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Children associated with armed forces or armed groups refers to persons below 18 years of age who are or who have been recruited or used by an armed force or group in any capacity, including but not limited to children, boys or girls, used as fighters, cooks, porters, messengers, spies or for sexual purposes. This term is used in the Paris Principles and is used here instead of the term \u2018child soldiers\u2019 because it more inclusively recognizes children who perform not only combat roles but also support or other functions in an armed force or group.Child recruitment refers to compulsory, forced and any other conscription or enlistment of children into any kind of armed force or armed group. This can include recruitment by communities, coerced recruitment, or abductions into armed forces and groups. The definition is purposefully broad and encompasses the possibility that any child recruitment may be coerced, forced, or manipulated based on the child\u2019s circumstances and may appear voluntary.Unlawful recruitment or use is recruitment or use of children under the age stipulated in the international treaties applicable to the armed force or group in question or under applicable national law. The Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC) bans recruitment of children under 15 and requires States to take all possible measures to prevent recruitment of children under 18 including the adoption of legal measures necessary to prohibit and criminalize such practices.1 It also bans all recruitment and use of children by armed groups. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute ban recruitment of children under age 15.Release includes the process of formal and controlled disarmament and demobilization of children from an armed force or group, as well as the informal ways in which children leave by escaping, being captured or any other means. It implies a disassociation from the armed force or group and the beginning of the transition from military to civilian life. Release can take place during a situation of armed conflict; it is not dependent on the temporary or permanent cessation of hostilities. Release is not dependent on children having weapons to forfeit.Reintegration of children is the process through which children transition into society and enter meaningful roles and identities as civilians who are accepted by their families and communities in a context of local and national reconciliation. Sustainable reintegration is achieved when the political, legal, economic and social conditions needed for children to maintain life, livelihood and dignity have been secured. The reintegration process aims to ensure that children can access their rights, including formal and non-formal education, family unity, dignified livelihoods and safety from harm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1057, "Sentence":"A complete glossary of all terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR complete glossary term definition abbreviation used iddrs series given iddrs 1.20.in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Children associated with armed forces or armed groups refers to persons below 18 years of age who are or who have been recruited or used by an armed force or group in any capacity, including but not limited to children, boys or girls, used as fighters, cooks, porters, messengers, spies or for sexual purposes. This term is used in the Paris Principles and is used here instead of the term \u2018child soldiers\u2019 because it more inclusively recognizes children who perform not only combat roles but also support or other functions in an armed force or group.Child recruitment refers to compulsory, forced and any other conscription or enlistment of children into any kind of armed force or armed group. This can include recruitment by communities, coerced recruitment, or abductions into armed forces and groups. The definition is purposefully broad and encompasses the possibility that any child recruitment may be coerced, forced, or manipulated based on the child\u2019s circumstances and may appear voluntary.Unlawful recruitment or use is recruitment or use of children under the age stipulated in the international treaties applicable to the armed force or group in question or under applicable national law. The Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC) bans recruitment of children under 15 and requires States to take all possible measures to prevent recruitment of children under 18 including the adoption of legal measures necessary to prohibit and criminalize such practices.1 It also bans all recruitment and use of children by armed groups. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute ban recruitment of children under age 15.Release includes the process of formal and controlled disarmament and demobilization of children from an armed force or group, as well as the informal ways in which children leave by escaping, being captured or any other means. It implies a disassociation from the armed force or group and the beginning of the transition from military to civilian life. Release can take place during a situation of armed conflict; it is not dependent on the temporary or permanent cessation of hostilities. Release is not dependent on children having weapons to forfeit.Reintegration of children is the process through which children transition into society and enter meaningful roles and identities as civilians who are accepted by their families and communities in a context of local and national reconciliation. Sustainable reintegration is achieved when the political, legal, economic and social conditions needed for children to maintain life, livelihood and dignity have been secured. The reintegration process aims to ensure that children can access their rights, including formal and non-formal education, family unity, dignified livelihoods and safety from harm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1057, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Children associated with armed forces or armed groups refers to persons below 18 years of age who are or who have been recruited or used by an armed force or group in any capacity, including but not limited to children, boys or girls, used as fighters, cooks, porters, messengers, spies or for sexual purposes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR use consistent language used international organization standardization iso standard guideline n \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action n \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability n e \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation.children associated armed force armed group refers person 18 year age recruited used armed force group capacity including limited child boy girl used fighter cook porter messenger spy sexual purpose ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Children associated with armed forces or armed groups refers to persons below 18 years of age who are or who have been recruited or used by an armed force or group in any capacity, including but not limited to children, boys or girls, used as fighters, cooks, porters, messengers, spies or for sexual purposes. This term is used in the Paris Principles and is used here instead of the term \u2018child soldiers\u2019 because it more inclusively recognizes children who perform not only combat roles but also support or other functions in an armed force or group.Child recruitment refers to compulsory, forced and any other conscription or enlistment of children into any kind of armed force or armed group. This can include recruitment by communities, coerced recruitment, or abductions into armed forces and groups. The definition is purposefully broad and encompasses the possibility that any child recruitment may be coerced, forced, or manipulated based on the child\u2019s circumstances and may appear voluntary.Unlawful recruitment or use is recruitment or use of children under the age stipulated in the international treaties applicable to the armed force or group in question or under applicable national law. The Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC) bans recruitment of children under 15 and requires States to take all possible measures to prevent recruitment of children under 18 including the adoption of legal measures necessary to prohibit and criminalize such practices.1 It also bans all recruitment and use of children by armed groups. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute ban recruitment of children under age 15.Release includes the process of formal and controlled disarmament and demobilization of children from an armed force or group, as well as the informal ways in which children leave by escaping, being captured or any other means. It implies a disassociation from the armed force or group and the beginning of the transition from military to civilian life. Release can take place during a situation of armed conflict; it is not dependent on the temporary or permanent cessation of hostilities. Release is not dependent on children having weapons to forfeit.Reintegration of children is the process through which children transition into society and enter meaningful roles and identities as civilians who are accepted by their families and communities in a context of local and national reconciliation. Sustainable reintegration is achieved when the political, legal, economic and social conditions needed for children to maintain life, livelihood and dignity have been secured. The reintegration process aims to ensure that children can access their rights, including formal and non-formal education, family unity, dignified livelihoods and safety from harm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1057, "Sentence":"This term is used in the Paris Principles and is used here instead of the term \u2018child soldiers\u2019 because it more inclusively recognizes children who perform not only combat roles but also support or other functions in an armed force or group.Child recruitment refers to compulsory, forced and any other conscription or enlistment of children into any kind of armed force or armed group.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR term used paris principle used instead term \u2018 child soldier \u2019 inclusively recognizes child perform combat role also support function armed force group.child recruitment refers compulsory forced conscription enlistment child kind armed force armed group ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Children associated with armed forces or armed groups refers to persons below 18 years of age who are or who have been recruited or used by an armed force or group in any capacity, including but not limited to children, boys or girls, used as fighters, cooks, porters, messengers, spies or for sexual purposes. This term is used in the Paris Principles and is used here instead of the term \u2018child soldiers\u2019 because it more inclusively recognizes children who perform not only combat roles but also support or other functions in an armed force or group.Child recruitment refers to compulsory, forced and any other conscription or enlistment of children into any kind of armed force or armed group. This can include recruitment by communities, coerced recruitment, or abductions into armed forces and groups. The definition is purposefully broad and encompasses the possibility that any child recruitment may be coerced, forced, or manipulated based on the child\u2019s circumstances and may appear voluntary.Unlawful recruitment or use is recruitment or use of children under the age stipulated in the international treaties applicable to the armed force or group in question or under applicable national law. The Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC) bans recruitment of children under 15 and requires States to take all possible measures to prevent recruitment of children under 18 including the adoption of legal measures necessary to prohibit and criminalize such practices.1 It also bans all recruitment and use of children by armed groups. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute ban recruitment of children under age 15.Release includes the process of formal and controlled disarmament and demobilization of children from an armed force or group, as well as the informal ways in which children leave by escaping, being captured or any other means. It implies a disassociation from the armed force or group and the beginning of the transition from military to civilian life. Release can take place during a situation of armed conflict; it is not dependent on the temporary or permanent cessation of hostilities. Release is not dependent on children having weapons to forfeit.Reintegration of children is the process through which children transition into society and enter meaningful roles and identities as civilians who are accepted by their families and communities in a context of local and national reconciliation. Sustainable reintegration is achieved when the political, legal, economic and social conditions needed for children to maintain life, livelihood and dignity have been secured. The reintegration process aims to ensure that children can access their rights, including formal and non-formal education, family unity, dignified livelihoods and safety from harm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1057, "Sentence":"This can include recruitment by communities, coerced recruitment, or abductions into armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR include recruitment community coerced recruitment abduction armed force group ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Children associated with armed forces or armed groups refers to persons below 18 years of age who are or who have been recruited or used by an armed force or group in any capacity, including but not limited to children, boys or girls, used as fighters, cooks, porters, messengers, spies or for sexual purposes. This term is used in the Paris Principles and is used here instead of the term \u2018child soldiers\u2019 because it more inclusively recognizes children who perform not only combat roles but also support or other functions in an armed force or group.Child recruitment refers to compulsory, forced and any other conscription or enlistment of children into any kind of armed force or armed group. This can include recruitment by communities, coerced recruitment, or abductions into armed forces and groups. The definition is purposefully broad and encompasses the possibility that any child recruitment may be coerced, forced, or manipulated based on the child\u2019s circumstances and may appear voluntary.Unlawful recruitment or use is recruitment or use of children under the age stipulated in the international treaties applicable to the armed force or group in question or under applicable national law. The Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC) bans recruitment of children under 15 and requires States to take all possible measures to prevent recruitment of children under 18 including the adoption of legal measures necessary to prohibit and criminalize such practices.1 It also bans all recruitment and use of children by armed groups. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute ban recruitment of children under age 15.Release includes the process of formal and controlled disarmament and demobilization of children from an armed force or group, as well as the informal ways in which children leave by escaping, being captured or any other means. It implies a disassociation from the armed force or group and the beginning of the transition from military to civilian life. Release can take place during a situation of armed conflict; it is not dependent on the temporary or permanent cessation of hostilities. Release is not dependent on children having weapons to forfeit.Reintegration of children is the process through which children transition into society and enter meaningful roles and identities as civilians who are accepted by their families and communities in a context of local and national reconciliation. Sustainable reintegration is achieved when the political, legal, economic and social conditions needed for children to maintain life, livelihood and dignity have been secured. The reintegration process aims to ensure that children can access their rights, including formal and non-formal education, family unity, dignified livelihoods and safety from harm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1057, "Sentence":"The definition is purposefully broad and encompasses the possibility that any child recruitment may be coerced, forced, or manipulated based on the child\u2019s circumstances and may appear voluntary.Unlawful recruitment or use is recruitment or use of children under the age stipulated in the international treaties applicable to the armed force or group in question or under applicable national law.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR definition purposefully broad encompasses possibility child recruitment may coerced forced manipulated based child \u2019 circumstance may appear voluntary.unlawful recruitment use recruitment use child age stipulated international treaty applicable armed force group question applicable national law ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Children associated with armed forces or armed groups refers to persons below 18 years of age who are or who have been recruited or used by an armed force or group in any capacity, including but not limited to children, boys or girls, used as fighters, cooks, porters, messengers, spies or for sexual purposes. This term is used in the Paris Principles and is used here instead of the term \u2018child soldiers\u2019 because it more inclusively recognizes children who perform not only combat roles but also support or other functions in an armed force or group.Child recruitment refers to compulsory, forced and any other conscription or enlistment of children into any kind of armed force or armed group. This can include recruitment by communities, coerced recruitment, or abductions into armed forces and groups. The definition is purposefully broad and encompasses the possibility that any child recruitment may be coerced, forced, or manipulated based on the child\u2019s circumstances and may appear voluntary.Unlawful recruitment or use is recruitment or use of children under the age stipulated in the international treaties applicable to the armed force or group in question or under applicable national law. The Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC) bans recruitment of children under 15 and requires States to take all possible measures to prevent recruitment of children under 18 including the adoption of legal measures necessary to prohibit and criminalize such practices.1 It also bans all recruitment and use of children by armed groups. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute ban recruitment of children under age 15.Release includes the process of formal and controlled disarmament and demobilization of children from an armed force or group, as well as the informal ways in which children leave by escaping, being captured or any other means. It implies a disassociation from the armed force or group and the beginning of the transition from military to civilian life. Release can take place during a situation of armed conflict; it is not dependent on the temporary or permanent cessation of hostilities. Release is not dependent on children having weapons to forfeit.Reintegration of children is the process through which children transition into society and enter meaningful roles and identities as civilians who are accepted by their families and communities in a context of local and national reconciliation. Sustainable reintegration is achieved when the political, legal, economic and social conditions needed for children to maintain life, livelihood and dignity have been secured. The reintegration process aims to ensure that children can access their rights, including formal and non-formal education, family unity, dignified livelihoods and safety from harm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1057, "Sentence":"The Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC) bans recruitment of children under 15 and requires States to take all possible measures to prevent recruitment of children under 18 including the adoption of legal measures necessary to prohibit and criminalize such practices.1 It also bans all recruitment and use of children by armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR optional protocol involvement child armed conflict opac ban recruitment child 15 requires state take possible measure prevent recruitment child 18 including adoption legal measure necessary prohibit criminalize practices.1 also ban recruitment use child armed group ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Children associated with armed forces or armed groups refers to persons below 18 years of age who are or who have been recruited or used by an armed force or group in any capacity, including but not limited to children, boys or girls, used as fighters, cooks, porters, messengers, spies or for sexual purposes. This term is used in the Paris Principles and is used here instead of the term \u2018child soldiers\u2019 because it more inclusively recognizes children who perform not only combat roles but also support or other functions in an armed force or group.Child recruitment refers to compulsory, forced and any other conscription or enlistment of children into any kind of armed force or armed group. This can include recruitment by communities, coerced recruitment, or abductions into armed forces and groups. The definition is purposefully broad and encompasses the possibility that any child recruitment may be coerced, forced, or manipulated based on the child\u2019s circumstances and may appear voluntary.Unlawful recruitment or use is recruitment or use of children under the age stipulated in the international treaties applicable to the armed force or group in question or under applicable national law. The Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC) bans recruitment of children under 15 and requires States to take all possible measures to prevent recruitment of children under 18 including the adoption of legal measures necessary to prohibit and criminalize such practices.1 It also bans all recruitment and use of children by armed groups. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute ban recruitment of children under age 15.Release includes the process of formal and controlled disarmament and demobilization of children from an armed force or group, as well as the informal ways in which children leave by escaping, being captured or any other means. It implies a disassociation from the armed force or group and the beginning of the transition from military to civilian life. Release can take place during a situation of armed conflict; it is not dependent on the temporary or permanent cessation of hostilities. Release is not dependent on children having weapons to forfeit.Reintegration of children is the process through which children transition into society and enter meaningful roles and identities as civilians who are accepted by their families and communities in a context of local and national reconciliation. Sustainable reintegration is achieved when the political, legal, economic and social conditions needed for children to maintain life, livelihood and dignity have been secured. The reintegration process aims to ensure that children can access their rights, including formal and non-formal education, family unity, dignified livelihoods and safety from harm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1057, "Sentence":"The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute ban recruitment of children under age 15.Release includes the process of formal and controlled disarmament and demobilization of children from an armed force or group, as well as the informal ways in which children leave by escaping, being captured or any other means.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR convention right child crc geneva convention rome statute ban recruitment child age 15.release includes process formal controlled disarmament demobilization child armed force group well informal way child leave escaping captured mean ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Children associated with armed forces or armed groups refers to persons below 18 years of age who are or who have been recruited or used by an armed force or group in any capacity, including but not limited to children, boys or girls, used as fighters, cooks, porters, messengers, spies or for sexual purposes. This term is used in the Paris Principles and is used here instead of the term \u2018child soldiers\u2019 because it more inclusively recognizes children who perform not only combat roles but also support or other functions in an armed force or group.Child recruitment refers to compulsory, forced and any other conscription or enlistment of children into any kind of armed force or armed group. This can include recruitment by communities, coerced recruitment, or abductions into armed forces and groups. The definition is purposefully broad and encompasses the possibility that any child recruitment may be coerced, forced, or manipulated based on the child\u2019s circumstances and may appear voluntary.Unlawful recruitment or use is recruitment or use of children under the age stipulated in the international treaties applicable to the armed force or group in question or under applicable national law. The Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC) bans recruitment of children under 15 and requires States to take all possible measures to prevent recruitment of children under 18 including the adoption of legal measures necessary to prohibit and criminalize such practices.1 It also bans all recruitment and use of children by armed groups. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute ban recruitment of children under age 15.Release includes the process of formal and controlled disarmament and demobilization of children from an armed force or group, as well as the informal ways in which children leave by escaping, being captured or any other means. It implies a disassociation from the armed force or group and the beginning of the transition from military to civilian life. Release can take place during a situation of armed conflict; it is not dependent on the temporary or permanent cessation of hostilities. Release is not dependent on children having weapons to forfeit.Reintegration of children is the process through which children transition into society and enter meaningful roles and identities as civilians who are accepted by their families and communities in a context of local and national reconciliation. Sustainable reintegration is achieved when the political, legal, economic and social conditions needed for children to maintain life, livelihood and dignity have been secured. The reintegration process aims to ensure that children can access their rights, including formal and non-formal education, family unity, dignified livelihoods and safety from harm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1057, "Sentence":"It implies a disassociation from the armed force or group and the beginning of the transition from military to civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR implies disassociation armed force group beginning transition military civilian life ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Children associated with armed forces or armed groups refers to persons below 18 years of age who are or who have been recruited or used by an armed force or group in any capacity, including but not limited to children, boys or girls, used as fighters, cooks, porters, messengers, spies or for sexual purposes. This term is used in the Paris Principles and is used here instead of the term \u2018child soldiers\u2019 because it more inclusively recognizes children who perform not only combat roles but also support or other functions in an armed force or group.Child recruitment refers to compulsory, forced and any other conscription or enlistment of children into any kind of armed force or armed group. This can include recruitment by communities, coerced recruitment, or abductions into armed forces and groups. The definition is purposefully broad and encompasses the possibility that any child recruitment may be coerced, forced, or manipulated based on the child\u2019s circumstances and may appear voluntary.Unlawful recruitment or use is recruitment or use of children under the age stipulated in the international treaties applicable to the armed force or group in question or under applicable national law. The Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC) bans recruitment of children under 15 and requires States to take all possible measures to prevent recruitment of children under 18 including the adoption of legal measures necessary to prohibit and criminalize such practices.1 It also bans all recruitment and use of children by armed groups. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute ban recruitment of children under age 15.Release includes the process of formal and controlled disarmament and demobilization of children from an armed force or group, as well as the informal ways in which children leave by escaping, being captured or any other means. It implies a disassociation from the armed force or group and the beginning of the transition from military to civilian life. Release can take place during a situation of armed conflict; it is not dependent on the temporary or permanent cessation of hostilities. Release is not dependent on children having weapons to forfeit.Reintegration of children is the process through which children transition into society and enter meaningful roles and identities as civilians who are accepted by their families and communities in a context of local and national reconciliation. Sustainable reintegration is achieved when the political, legal, economic and social conditions needed for children to maintain life, livelihood and dignity have been secured. The reintegration process aims to ensure that children can access their rights, including formal and non-formal education, family unity, dignified livelihoods and safety from harm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1057, "Sentence":"Release can take place during a situation of armed conflict; it is not dependent on the temporary or permanent cessation of hostilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR release take place situation armed conflict dependent temporary permanent cessation hostility ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Children associated with armed forces or armed groups refers to persons below 18 years of age who are or who have been recruited or used by an armed force or group in any capacity, including but not limited to children, boys or girls, used as fighters, cooks, porters, messengers, spies or for sexual purposes. This term is used in the Paris Principles and is used here instead of the term \u2018child soldiers\u2019 because it more inclusively recognizes children who perform not only combat roles but also support or other functions in an armed force or group.Child recruitment refers to compulsory, forced and any other conscription or enlistment of children into any kind of armed force or armed group. This can include recruitment by communities, coerced recruitment, or abductions into armed forces and groups. The definition is purposefully broad and encompasses the possibility that any child recruitment may be coerced, forced, or manipulated based on the child\u2019s circumstances and may appear voluntary.Unlawful recruitment or use is recruitment or use of children under the age stipulated in the international treaties applicable to the armed force or group in question or under applicable national law. The Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC) bans recruitment of children under 15 and requires States to take all possible measures to prevent recruitment of children under 18 including the adoption of legal measures necessary to prohibit and criminalize such practices.1 It also bans all recruitment and use of children by armed groups. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute ban recruitment of children under age 15.Release includes the process of formal and controlled disarmament and demobilization of children from an armed force or group, as well as the informal ways in which children leave by escaping, being captured or any other means. It implies a disassociation from the armed force or group and the beginning of the transition from military to civilian life. Release can take place during a situation of armed conflict; it is not dependent on the temporary or permanent cessation of hostilities. Release is not dependent on children having weapons to forfeit.Reintegration of children is the process through which children transition into society and enter meaningful roles and identities as civilians who are accepted by their families and communities in a context of local and national reconciliation. Sustainable reintegration is achieved when the political, legal, economic and social conditions needed for children to maintain life, livelihood and dignity have been secured. The reintegration process aims to ensure that children can access their rights, including formal and non-formal education, family unity, dignified livelihoods and safety from harm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1057, "Sentence":"Release is not dependent on children having weapons to forfeit.Reintegration of children is the process through which children transition into society and enter meaningful roles and identities as civilians who are accepted by their families and communities in a context of local and national reconciliation.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR release dependent child weapon forfeit.reintegration child process child transition society enter meaningful role identity civilian accepted family community context local national reconciliation ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Children associated with armed forces or armed groups refers to persons below 18 years of age who are or who have been recruited or used by an armed force or group in any capacity, including but not limited to children, boys or girls, used as fighters, cooks, porters, messengers, spies or for sexual purposes. This term is used in the Paris Principles and is used here instead of the term \u2018child soldiers\u2019 because it more inclusively recognizes children who perform not only combat roles but also support or other functions in an armed force or group.Child recruitment refers to compulsory, forced and any other conscription or enlistment of children into any kind of armed force or armed group. This can include recruitment by communities, coerced recruitment, or abductions into armed forces and groups. The definition is purposefully broad and encompasses the possibility that any child recruitment may be coerced, forced, or manipulated based on the child\u2019s circumstances and may appear voluntary.Unlawful recruitment or use is recruitment or use of children under the age stipulated in the international treaties applicable to the armed force or group in question or under applicable national law. The Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC) bans recruitment of children under 15 and requires States to take all possible measures to prevent recruitment of children under 18 including the adoption of legal measures necessary to prohibit and criminalize such practices.1 It also bans all recruitment and use of children by armed groups. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute ban recruitment of children under age 15.Release includes the process of formal and controlled disarmament and demobilization of children from an armed force or group, as well as the informal ways in which children leave by escaping, being captured or any other means. It implies a disassociation from the armed force or group and the beginning of the transition from military to civilian life. Release can take place during a situation of armed conflict; it is not dependent on the temporary or permanent cessation of hostilities. Release is not dependent on children having weapons to forfeit.Reintegration of children is the process through which children transition into society and enter meaningful roles and identities as civilians who are accepted by their families and communities in a context of local and national reconciliation. Sustainable reintegration is achieved when the political, legal, economic and social conditions needed for children to maintain life, livelihood and dignity have been secured. The reintegration process aims to ensure that children can access their rights, including formal and non-formal education, family unity, dignified livelihoods and safety from harm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1057, "Sentence":"Sustainable reintegration is achieved when the political, legal, economic and social conditions needed for children to maintain life, livelihood and dignity have been secured.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR sustainable reintegration achieved political legal economic social condition needed child maintain life livelihood dignity secured ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Children associated with armed forces or armed groups refers to persons below 18 years of age who are or who have been recruited or used by an armed force or group in any capacity, including but not limited to children, boys or girls, used as fighters, cooks, porters, messengers, spies or for sexual purposes. This term is used in the Paris Principles and is used here instead of the term \u2018child soldiers\u2019 because it more inclusively recognizes children who perform not only combat roles but also support or other functions in an armed force or group.Child recruitment refers to compulsory, forced and any other conscription or enlistment of children into any kind of armed force or armed group. This can include recruitment by communities, coerced recruitment, or abductions into armed forces and groups. The definition is purposefully broad and encompasses the possibility that any child recruitment may be coerced, forced, or manipulated based on the child\u2019s circumstances and may appear voluntary.Unlawful recruitment or use is recruitment or use of children under the age stipulated in the international treaties applicable to the armed force or group in question or under applicable national law. The Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC) bans recruitment of children under 15 and requires States to take all possible measures to prevent recruitment of children under 18 including the adoption of legal measures necessary to prohibit and criminalize such practices.1 It also bans all recruitment and use of children by armed groups. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute ban recruitment of children under age 15.Release includes the process of formal and controlled disarmament and demobilization of children from an armed force or group, as well as the informal ways in which children leave by escaping, being captured or any other means. It implies a disassociation from the armed force or group and the beginning of the transition from military to civilian life. Release can take place during a situation of armed conflict; it is not dependent on the temporary or permanent cessation of hostilities. Release is not dependent on children having weapons to forfeit.Reintegration of children is the process through which children transition into society and enter meaningful roles and identities as civilians who are accepted by their families and communities in a context of local and national reconciliation. Sustainable reintegration is achieved when the political, legal, economic and social conditions needed for children to maintain life, livelihood and dignity have been secured. The reintegration process aims to ensure that children can access their rights, including formal and non-formal education, family unity, dignified livelihoods and safety from harm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1057, "Sentence":"The reintegration process aims to ensure that children can access their rights, including formal and non-formal education, family unity, dignified livelihoods and safety from harm.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR reintegration process aim ensure child access right including formal nonformal education family unity dignified livelihood safety harm ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"All child recruitment or use by armed groups is illegal under international law (OPAC Article 4), as is all use of children in hostilities (OPAC Article 1), conscription by state armed forces (OPAC Article 2, International Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour (ILO Convention (No. 182)), or enlistment of children without appropriate safeguards (OPAC Article 3). All child recruitment and use into armed forces is also illegal for those State parties to the Operational Protocol to the Convention Against Torture. The recruitment and use of children under 15 by armed forces and groups may amount to a war crime. There is significant international consensus that the recruitment of children under 18 years old is inconsistent with international standards on child protection. DDR processes, including release and reintegration support for children, shall therefore prioritize prevention, separation of children from armed forces or groups, and redress of this human rights violation.DDR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child- and gender-sensitive approaches. This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners and child protection actors on how to work together to plan, design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, as well as help children to recover and reintegrate children into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes that the needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral and different than those of adults. Child-sensitive approaches require DDR practitioners and child protection actors to tailor interventions to meet the specific needs of individual boys and girls, but also to target other conflict-affected or at-risk children within the broader community in which children are reintegrating.Finally, the module recognizes that children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, and notes that children who have reached the MACR and who may have committed criminal acts shall be afforded the protections to which they are entitled, including their rights to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1058, "Sentence":"All child recruitment or use by armed groups is illegal under international law (OPAC Article 4), as is all use of children in hostilities (OPAC Article 1), conscription by state armed forces (OPAC Article 2, International Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour (ILO Convention (No.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child recruitment use armed group illegal international law opac article 4 use child hostility opac article 1 conscription state armed force opac article 2 international convention worst form child labour ilo convention ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"All child recruitment or use by armed groups is illegal under international law (OPAC Article 4), as is all use of children in hostilities (OPAC Article 1), conscription by state armed forces (OPAC Article 2, International Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour (ILO Convention (No. 182)), or enlistment of children without appropriate safeguards (OPAC Article 3). All child recruitment and use into armed forces is also illegal for those State parties to the Operational Protocol to the Convention Against Torture. The recruitment and use of children under 15 by armed forces and groups may amount to a war crime. There is significant international consensus that the recruitment of children under 18 years old is inconsistent with international standards on child protection. DDR processes, including release and reintegration support for children, shall therefore prioritize prevention, separation of children from armed forces or groups, and redress of this human rights violation.DDR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child- and gender-sensitive approaches. This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners and child protection actors on how to work together to plan, design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, as well as help children to recover and reintegrate children into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes that the needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral and different than those of adults. Child-sensitive approaches require DDR practitioners and child protection actors to tailor interventions to meet the specific needs of individual boys and girls, but also to target other conflict-affected or at-risk children within the broader community in which children are reintegrating.Finally, the module recognizes that children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, and notes that children who have reached the MACR and who may have committed criminal acts shall be afforded the protections to which they are entitled, including their rights to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1058, "Sentence":"182)), or enlistment of children without appropriate safeguards (OPAC Article 3).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR 182 enlistment child without appropriate safeguard opac article 3 ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"All child recruitment or use by armed groups is illegal under international law (OPAC Article 4), as is all use of children in hostilities (OPAC Article 1), conscription by state armed forces (OPAC Article 2, International Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour (ILO Convention (No. 182)), or enlistment of children without appropriate safeguards (OPAC Article 3). All child recruitment and use into armed forces is also illegal for those State parties to the Operational Protocol to the Convention Against Torture. The recruitment and use of children under 15 by armed forces and groups may amount to a war crime. There is significant international consensus that the recruitment of children under 18 years old is inconsistent with international standards on child protection. DDR processes, including release and reintegration support for children, shall therefore prioritize prevention, separation of children from armed forces or groups, and redress of this human rights violation.DDR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child- and gender-sensitive approaches. This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners and child protection actors on how to work together to plan, design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, as well as help children to recover and reintegrate children into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes that the needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral and different than those of adults. Child-sensitive approaches require DDR practitioners and child protection actors to tailor interventions to meet the specific needs of individual boys and girls, but also to target other conflict-affected or at-risk children within the broader community in which children are reintegrating.Finally, the module recognizes that children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, and notes that children who have reached the MACR and who may have committed criminal acts shall be afforded the protections to which they are entitled, including their rights to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1058, "Sentence":"All child recruitment and use into armed forces is also illegal for those State parties to the Operational Protocol to the Convention Against Torture.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child recruitment use armed force also illegal state party operational protocol convention torture ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"All child recruitment or use by armed groups is illegal under international law (OPAC Article 4), as is all use of children in hostilities (OPAC Article 1), conscription by state armed forces (OPAC Article 2, International Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour (ILO Convention (No. 182)), or enlistment of children without appropriate safeguards (OPAC Article 3). All child recruitment and use into armed forces is also illegal for those State parties to the Operational Protocol to the Convention Against Torture. The recruitment and use of children under 15 by armed forces and groups may amount to a war crime. There is significant international consensus that the recruitment of children under 18 years old is inconsistent with international standards on child protection. DDR processes, including release and reintegration support for children, shall therefore prioritize prevention, separation of children from armed forces or groups, and redress of this human rights violation.DDR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child- and gender-sensitive approaches. This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners and child protection actors on how to work together to plan, design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, as well as help children to recover and reintegrate children into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes that the needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral and different than those of adults. Child-sensitive approaches require DDR practitioners and child protection actors to tailor interventions to meet the specific needs of individual boys and girls, but also to target other conflict-affected or at-risk children within the broader community in which children are reintegrating.Finally, the module recognizes that children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, and notes that children who have reached the MACR and who may have committed criminal acts shall be afforded the protections to which they are entitled, including their rights to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1058, "Sentence":"The recruitment and use of children under 15 by armed forces and groups may amount to a war crime.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR recruitment use child 15 armed force group may amount war crime ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"All child recruitment or use by armed groups is illegal under international law (OPAC Article 4), as is all use of children in hostilities (OPAC Article 1), conscription by state armed forces (OPAC Article 2, International Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour (ILO Convention (No. 182)), or enlistment of children without appropriate safeguards (OPAC Article 3). All child recruitment and use into armed forces is also illegal for those State parties to the Operational Protocol to the Convention Against Torture. The recruitment and use of children under 15 by armed forces and groups may amount to a war crime. There is significant international consensus that the recruitment of children under 18 years old is inconsistent with international standards on child protection. DDR processes, including release and reintegration support for children, shall therefore prioritize prevention, separation of children from armed forces or groups, and redress of this human rights violation.DDR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child- and gender-sensitive approaches. This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners and child protection actors on how to work together to plan, design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, as well as help children to recover and reintegrate children into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes that the needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral and different than those of adults. Child-sensitive approaches require DDR practitioners and child protection actors to tailor interventions to meet the specific needs of individual boys and girls, but also to target other conflict-affected or at-risk children within the broader community in which children are reintegrating.Finally, the module recognizes that children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, and notes that children who have reached the MACR and who may have committed criminal acts shall be afforded the protections to which they are entitled, including their rights to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1058, "Sentence":"There is significant international consensus that the recruitment of children under 18 years old is inconsistent with international standards on child protection.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR significant international consensus recruitment child 18 year old inconsistent international standard child protection ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"All child recruitment or use by armed groups is illegal under international law (OPAC Article 4), as is all use of children in hostilities (OPAC Article 1), conscription by state armed forces (OPAC Article 2, International Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour (ILO Convention (No. 182)), or enlistment of children without appropriate safeguards (OPAC Article 3). All child recruitment and use into armed forces is also illegal for those State parties to the Operational Protocol to the Convention Against Torture. The recruitment and use of children under 15 by armed forces and groups may amount to a war crime. There is significant international consensus that the recruitment of children under 18 years old is inconsistent with international standards on child protection. DDR processes, including release and reintegration support for children, shall therefore prioritize prevention, separation of children from armed forces or groups, and redress of this human rights violation.DDR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child- and gender-sensitive approaches. This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners and child protection actors on how to work together to plan, design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, as well as help children to recover and reintegrate children into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes that the needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral and different than those of adults. Child-sensitive approaches require DDR practitioners and child protection actors to tailor interventions to meet the specific needs of individual boys and girls, but also to target other conflict-affected or at-risk children within the broader community in which children are reintegrating.Finally, the module recognizes that children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, and notes that children who have reached the MACR and who may have committed criminal acts shall be afforded the protections to which they are entitled, including their rights to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1058, "Sentence":"DDR processes, including release and reintegration support for children, shall therefore prioritize prevention, separation of children from armed forces or groups, and redress of this human rights violation.DDR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child- and gender-sensitive approaches.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr process including release reintegration support child shall therefore prioritize prevention separation child armed force group redress human right violation.ddr process shall specific need child apply child gendersensitive approach ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"All child recruitment or use by armed groups is illegal under international law (OPAC Article 4), as is all use of children in hostilities (OPAC Article 1), conscription by state armed forces (OPAC Article 2, International Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour (ILO Convention (No. 182)), or enlistment of children without appropriate safeguards (OPAC Article 3). All child recruitment and use into armed forces is also illegal for those State parties to the Operational Protocol to the Convention Against Torture. The recruitment and use of children under 15 by armed forces and groups may amount to a war crime. There is significant international consensus that the recruitment of children under 18 years old is inconsistent with international standards on child protection. DDR processes, including release and reintegration support for children, shall therefore prioritize prevention, separation of children from armed forces or groups, and redress of this human rights violation.DDR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child- and gender-sensitive approaches. This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners and child protection actors on how to work together to plan, design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, as well as help children to recover and reintegrate children into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes that the needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral and different than those of adults. Child-sensitive approaches require DDR practitioners and child protection actors to tailor interventions to meet the specific needs of individual boys and girls, but also to target other conflict-affected or at-risk children within the broader community in which children are reintegrating.Finally, the module recognizes that children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, and notes that children who have reached the MACR and who may have committed criminal acts shall be afforded the protections to which they are entitled, including their rights to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1058, "Sentence":"This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners and child protection actors on how to work together to plan, design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, as well as help children to recover and reintegrate children into their families and communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR module provides critical guidance ddr practitioner child protection actor work together plan design implement service intervention aim prevent child \u2019 recruitment rerecruitment well help child recover reintegrate child family community ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"All child recruitment or use by armed groups is illegal under international law (OPAC Article 4), as is all use of children in hostilities (OPAC Article 1), conscription by state armed forces (OPAC Article 2, International Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour (ILO Convention (No. 182)), or enlistment of children without appropriate safeguards (OPAC Article 3). All child recruitment and use into armed forces is also illegal for those State parties to the Operational Protocol to the Convention Against Torture. The recruitment and use of children under 15 by armed forces and groups may amount to a war crime. There is significant international consensus that the recruitment of children under 18 years old is inconsistent with international standards on child protection. DDR processes, including release and reintegration support for children, shall therefore prioritize prevention, separation of children from armed forces or groups, and redress of this human rights violation.DDR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child- and gender-sensitive approaches. This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners and child protection actors on how to work together to plan, design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, as well as help children to recover and reintegrate children into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes that the needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral and different than those of adults. Child-sensitive approaches require DDR practitioners and child protection actors to tailor interventions to meet the specific needs of individual boys and girls, but also to target other conflict-affected or at-risk children within the broader community in which children are reintegrating.Finally, the module recognizes that children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, and notes that children who have reached the MACR and who may have committed criminal acts shall be afforded the protections to which they are entitled, including their rights to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1058, "Sentence":"The guidance recognizes that the needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral and different than those of adults.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR guidance recognizes need child formerly associated armed force group reintegration multisectoral different adult ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"All child recruitment or use by armed groups is illegal under international law (OPAC Article 4), as is all use of children in hostilities (OPAC Article 1), conscription by state armed forces (OPAC Article 2, International Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour (ILO Convention (No. 182)), or enlistment of children without appropriate safeguards (OPAC Article 3). All child recruitment and use into armed forces is also illegal for those State parties to the Operational Protocol to the Convention Against Torture. The recruitment and use of children under 15 by armed forces and groups may amount to a war crime. There is significant international consensus that the recruitment of children under 18 years old is inconsistent with international standards on child protection. DDR processes, including release and reintegration support for children, shall therefore prioritize prevention, separation of children from armed forces or groups, and redress of this human rights violation.DDR processes shall be specific to the needs of children and apply child- and gender-sensitive approaches. This module provides critical guidance for DDR practitioners and child protection actors on how to work together to plan, design and implement services and interventions that aim to prevent children\u2019s recruitment and re-recruitment, as well as help children to recover and reintegrate children into their families and communities. The guidance recognizes that the needs of children formerly associated with armed forces and groups during reintegration are multisectoral and different than those of adults. Child-sensitive approaches require DDR practitioners and child protection actors to tailor interventions to meet the specific needs of individual boys and girls, but also to target other conflict-affected or at-risk children within the broader community in which children are reintegrating.Finally, the module recognizes that children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, and notes that children who have reached the MACR and who may have committed criminal acts shall be afforded the protections to which they are entitled, including their rights to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1058, "Sentence":"Child-sensitive approaches require DDR practitioners and child protection actors to tailor interventions to meet the specific needs of individual boys and girls, but also to target other conflict-affected or at-risk children within the broader community in which children are reintegrating.Finally, the module recognizes that children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, and notes that children who have reached the MACR and who may have committed criminal acts shall be afforded the protections to which they are entitled, including their rights to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR childsensitive approach require ddr practitioner child protection actor tailor intervention meet specific need individual boy girl also target conflictaffected atrisk child within broader community child reintegrating.finally module recognizes child victim recruitment use prosecuted punished threatened prosecution punishment solely membership armed force group note child reached macr may committed criminal act shall afforded protection entitled including right childspecific due process minimum standard based age need specific vulnerability ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to children and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1059, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to children and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1059, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to children and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR section outline principle apply child ddr ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Children are entitled to release from armed forces and groups at all times, without pre- condition. Processes for planning and implementing DDR processes shall not delay demobilization or other forms of release of children. Given their age, vulnerability and child- specific needs, during DDR processes, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities in processes that are separate from those for adults, according to their best interests. While it is critical that children be supported, they shall not be pressured to wait for or to participate in release processes. They shall also not be removed from their families or communities to participate in DDR processes unless it has been determined to be in their best interest. Their decision to participate shall voluntary and based on informed consent.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1060, "Sentence":"Children are entitled to release from armed forces and groups at all times, without pre- condition.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child entitled release armed force group time without pre condition ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Children are entitled to release from armed forces and groups at all times, without pre- condition. Processes for planning and implementing DDR processes shall not delay demobilization or other forms of release of children. Given their age, vulnerability and child- specific needs, during DDR processes, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities in processes that are separate from those for adults, according to their best interests. While it is critical that children be supported, they shall not be pressured to wait for or to participate in release processes. They shall also not be removed from their families or communities to participate in DDR processes unless it has been determined to be in their best interest. Their decision to participate shall voluntary and based on informed consent.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1060, "Sentence":"Processes for planning and implementing DDR processes shall not delay demobilization or other forms of release of children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR process planning implementing ddr process shall delay demobilization form release child ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Children are entitled to release from armed forces and groups at all times, without pre- condition. Processes for planning and implementing DDR processes shall not delay demobilization or other forms of release of children. Given their age, vulnerability and child- specific needs, during DDR processes, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities in processes that are separate from those for adults, according to their best interests. While it is critical that children be supported, they shall not be pressured to wait for or to participate in release processes. They shall also not be removed from their families or communities to participate in DDR processes unless it has been determined to be in their best interest. Their decision to participate shall voluntary and based on informed consent.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1060, "Sentence":"Given their age, vulnerability and child- specific needs, during DDR processes, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities in processes that are separate from those for adults, according to their best interests.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR given age vulnerability child specific need ddr process child shall separated armed force group handed child protection actor supported demobilize reintegrate family community process separate adult according best interest ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Children are entitled to release from armed forces and groups at all times, without pre- condition. Processes for planning and implementing DDR processes shall not delay demobilization or other forms of release of children. Given their age, vulnerability and child- specific needs, during DDR processes, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities in processes that are separate from those for adults, according to their best interests. While it is critical that children be supported, they shall not be pressured to wait for or to participate in release processes. They shall also not be removed from their families or communities to participate in DDR processes unless it has been determined to be in their best interest. Their decision to participate shall voluntary and based on informed consent.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1060, "Sentence":"While it is critical that children be supported, they shall not be pressured to wait for or to participate in release processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR critical child supported shall pressured wait participate release process ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Children are entitled to release from armed forces and groups at all times, without pre- condition. Processes for planning and implementing DDR processes shall not delay demobilization or other forms of release of children. Given their age, vulnerability and child- specific needs, during DDR processes, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities in processes that are separate from those for adults, according to their best interests. While it is critical that children be supported, they shall not be pressured to wait for or to participate in release processes. They shall also not be removed from their families or communities to participate in DDR processes unless it has been determined to be in their best interest. Their decision to participate shall voluntary and based on informed consent.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1060, "Sentence":"They shall also not be removed from their families or communities to participate in DDR processes unless it has been determined to be in their best interest.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR shall also removed family community participate ddr process unless determined best interest ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Children are entitled to release from armed forces and groups at all times, without pre- condition. Processes for planning and implementing DDR processes shall not delay demobilization or other forms of release of children. Given their age, vulnerability and child- specific needs, during DDR processes, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection actors and supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities in processes that are separate from those for adults, according to their best interests. While it is critical that children be supported, they shall not be pressured to wait for or to participate in release processes. They shall also not be removed from their families or communities to participate in DDR processes unless it has been determined to be in their best interest. Their decision to participate shall voluntary and based on informed consent.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1060, "Sentence":"Their decision to participate shall voluntary and based on informed consent.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR decision participate shall voluntary based informed consent ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children. Children can be associated with armed forces and groups in a variety of ways, not only as combatants, so some may not have access to weapons or ammunition. This is especially true for girls who are often used for sexual purposes, as wives or cooks, but may also be used as spies, logisticians, fighters, etc. DDR practitioners shall recognize that all children must be released by the armed forces and groups that recruited them and receive reintegration support. Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation. If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B). In cases where there is no proof of age, or inconclusive evidence, the child shall have the right to the rule of the benefit of the doubt.A dependent child of an ex-combatant shall not automatically be considered to be associated with an armed force or group. However, armed forces or groups may identify some children, particularly girls, as dependents, including as wives, when the child is an extended family member\/relative, or when the child has been abducted, or otherwise recruited or used, including through forced marriage. A safe, child- and gender-sensitive individualized determination shall be undertaken to determine the child\u2019s status and eligibility for participation in a DDR process. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall be aware that, although not all dependent children may be eligible for DDR, they may be at heightened vulnerability and may have been exposed to conflict-related violence, especially if they were in close proximity to combatants or if their parents are ex-combatants. These children shall therefore be referred for support as part of wider child protection and humanitarian services in their communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1061, "Sentence":"Any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR person 18 year age associated armed force group shall eligible participation ddr process designed specifically child ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children. Children can be associated with armed forces and groups in a variety of ways, not only as combatants, so some may not have access to weapons or ammunition. This is especially true for girls who are often used for sexual purposes, as wives or cooks, but may also be used as spies, logisticians, fighters, etc. DDR practitioners shall recognize that all children must be released by the armed forces and groups that recruited them and receive reintegration support. Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation. If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B). In cases where there is no proof of age, or inconclusive evidence, the child shall have the right to the rule of the benefit of the doubt.A dependent child of an ex-combatant shall not automatically be considered to be associated with an armed force or group. However, armed forces or groups may identify some children, particularly girls, as dependents, including as wives, when the child is an extended family member\/relative, or when the child has been abducted, or otherwise recruited or used, including through forced marriage. A safe, child- and gender-sensitive individualized determination shall be undertaken to determine the child\u2019s status and eligibility for participation in a DDR process. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall be aware that, although not all dependent children may be eligible for DDR, they may be at heightened vulnerability and may have been exposed to conflict-related violence, especially if they were in close proximity to combatants or if their parents are ex-combatants. These children shall therefore be referred for support as part of wider child protection and humanitarian services in their communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1061, "Sentence":"Children can be associated with armed forces and groups in a variety of ways, not only as combatants, so some may not have access to weapons or ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child associated armed force group variety way combatant may access weapon ammunition ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children. Children can be associated with armed forces and groups in a variety of ways, not only as combatants, so some may not have access to weapons or ammunition. This is especially true for girls who are often used for sexual purposes, as wives or cooks, but may also be used as spies, logisticians, fighters, etc. DDR practitioners shall recognize that all children must be released by the armed forces and groups that recruited them and receive reintegration support. Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation. If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B). In cases where there is no proof of age, or inconclusive evidence, the child shall have the right to the rule of the benefit of the doubt.A dependent child of an ex-combatant shall not automatically be considered to be associated with an armed force or group. However, armed forces or groups may identify some children, particularly girls, as dependents, including as wives, when the child is an extended family member\/relative, or when the child has been abducted, or otherwise recruited or used, including through forced marriage. A safe, child- and gender-sensitive individualized determination shall be undertaken to determine the child\u2019s status and eligibility for participation in a DDR process. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall be aware that, although not all dependent children may be eligible for DDR, they may be at heightened vulnerability and may have been exposed to conflict-related violence, especially if they were in close proximity to combatants or if their parents are ex-combatants. These children shall therefore be referred for support as part of wider child protection and humanitarian services in their communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1061, "Sentence":"This is especially true for girls who are often used for sexual purposes, as wives or cooks, but may also be used as spies, logisticians, fighters, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR especially true girl often used sexual purpose wife cook may also used spy logistician fighter etc ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children. Children can be associated with armed forces and groups in a variety of ways, not only as combatants, so some may not have access to weapons or ammunition. This is especially true for girls who are often used for sexual purposes, as wives or cooks, but may also be used as spies, logisticians, fighters, etc. DDR practitioners shall recognize that all children must be released by the armed forces and groups that recruited them and receive reintegration support. Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation. If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B). In cases where there is no proof of age, or inconclusive evidence, the child shall have the right to the rule of the benefit of the doubt.A dependent child of an ex-combatant shall not automatically be considered to be associated with an armed force or group. However, armed forces or groups may identify some children, particularly girls, as dependents, including as wives, when the child is an extended family member\/relative, or when the child has been abducted, or otherwise recruited or used, including through forced marriage. A safe, child- and gender-sensitive individualized determination shall be undertaken to determine the child\u2019s status and eligibility for participation in a DDR process. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall be aware that, although not all dependent children may be eligible for DDR, they may be at heightened vulnerability and may have been exposed to conflict-related violence, especially if they were in close proximity to combatants or if their parents are ex-combatants. These children shall therefore be referred for support as part of wider child protection and humanitarian services in their communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1061, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall recognize that all children must be released by the armed forces and groups that recruited them and receive reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr practitioner shall recognize child must released armed force group recruited receive reintegration support ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children. Children can be associated with armed forces and groups in a variety of ways, not only as combatants, so some may not have access to weapons or ammunition. This is especially true for girls who are often used for sexual purposes, as wives or cooks, but may also be used as spies, logisticians, fighters, etc. DDR practitioners shall recognize that all children must be released by the armed forces and groups that recruited them and receive reintegration support. Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation. If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B). In cases where there is no proof of age, or inconclusive evidence, the child shall have the right to the rule of the benefit of the doubt.A dependent child of an ex-combatant shall not automatically be considered to be associated with an armed force or group. However, armed forces or groups may identify some children, particularly girls, as dependents, including as wives, when the child is an extended family member\/relative, or when the child has been abducted, or otherwise recruited or used, including through forced marriage. A safe, child- and gender-sensitive individualized determination shall be undertaken to determine the child\u2019s status and eligibility for participation in a DDR process. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall be aware that, although not all dependent children may be eligible for DDR, they may be at heightened vulnerability and may have been exposed to conflict-related violence, especially if they were in close proximity to combatants or if their parents are ex-combatants. These children shall therefore be referred for support as part of wider child protection and humanitarian services in their communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1061, "Sentence":"Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR eligibility ddr process caafag shall conditioned child \u2019 possession handover weapon ammunition participation hostility weapon training shall condition kind participation ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children. Children can be associated with armed forces and groups in a variety of ways, not only as combatants, so some may not have access to weapons or ammunition. This is especially true for girls who are often used for sexual purposes, as wives or cooks, but may also be used as spies, logisticians, fighters, etc. DDR practitioners shall recognize that all children must be released by the armed forces and groups that recruited them and receive reintegration support. Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation. If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B). In cases where there is no proof of age, or inconclusive evidence, the child shall have the right to the rule of the benefit of the doubt.A dependent child of an ex-combatant shall not automatically be considered to be associated with an armed force or group. However, armed forces or groups may identify some children, particularly girls, as dependents, including as wives, when the child is an extended family member\/relative, or when the child has been abducted, or otherwise recruited or used, including through forced marriage. A safe, child- and gender-sensitive individualized determination shall be undertaken to determine the child\u2019s status and eligibility for participation in a DDR process. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall be aware that, although not all dependent children may be eligible for DDR, they may be at heightened vulnerability and may have been exposed to conflict-related violence, especially if they were in close proximity to combatants or if their parents are ex-combatants. These children shall therefore be referred for support as part of wider child protection and humanitarian services in their communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1061, "Sentence":"If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR doubt whether individual 18 year old age assessment shall conducted see annex b ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children. Children can be associated with armed forces and groups in a variety of ways, not only as combatants, so some may not have access to weapons or ammunition. This is especially true for girls who are often used for sexual purposes, as wives or cooks, but may also be used as spies, logisticians, fighters, etc. DDR practitioners shall recognize that all children must be released by the armed forces and groups that recruited them and receive reintegration support. Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation. If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B). In cases where there is no proof of age, or inconclusive evidence, the child shall have the right to the rule of the benefit of the doubt.A dependent child of an ex-combatant shall not automatically be considered to be associated with an armed force or group. However, armed forces or groups may identify some children, particularly girls, as dependents, including as wives, when the child is an extended family member\/relative, or when the child has been abducted, or otherwise recruited or used, including through forced marriage. A safe, child- and gender-sensitive individualized determination shall be undertaken to determine the child\u2019s status and eligibility for participation in a DDR process. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall be aware that, although not all dependent children may be eligible for DDR, they may be at heightened vulnerability and may have been exposed to conflict-related violence, especially if they were in close proximity to combatants or if their parents are ex-combatants. These children shall therefore be referred for support as part of wider child protection and humanitarian services in their communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1061, "Sentence":"In cases where there is no proof of age, or inconclusive evidence, the child shall have the right to the rule of the benefit of the doubt.A dependent child of an ex-combatant shall not automatically be considered to be associated with an armed force or group.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR case proof age inconclusive evidence child shall right rule benefit doubt.a dependent child excombatant shall automatically considered associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children. Children can be associated with armed forces and groups in a variety of ways, not only as combatants, so some may not have access to weapons or ammunition. This is especially true for girls who are often used for sexual purposes, as wives or cooks, but may also be used as spies, logisticians, fighters, etc. DDR practitioners shall recognize that all children must be released by the armed forces and groups that recruited them and receive reintegration support. Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation. If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B). In cases where there is no proof of age, or inconclusive evidence, the child shall have the right to the rule of the benefit of the doubt.A dependent child of an ex-combatant shall not automatically be considered to be associated with an armed force or group. However, armed forces or groups may identify some children, particularly girls, as dependents, including as wives, when the child is an extended family member\/relative, or when the child has been abducted, or otherwise recruited or used, including through forced marriage. A safe, child- and gender-sensitive individualized determination shall be undertaken to determine the child\u2019s status and eligibility for participation in a DDR process. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall be aware that, although not all dependent children may be eligible for DDR, they may be at heightened vulnerability and may have been exposed to conflict-related violence, especially if they were in close proximity to combatants or if their parents are ex-combatants. These children shall therefore be referred for support as part of wider child protection and humanitarian services in their communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1061, "Sentence":"However, armed forces or groups may identify some children, particularly girls, as dependents, including as wives, when the child is an extended family member\/relative, or when the child has been abducted, or otherwise recruited or used, including through forced marriage.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR however armed force group may identify child particularly girl dependent including wife child extended family member\/relative child abducted otherwise recruited used including forced marriage ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children. Children can be associated with armed forces and groups in a variety of ways, not only as combatants, so some may not have access to weapons or ammunition. This is especially true for girls who are often used for sexual purposes, as wives or cooks, but may also be used as spies, logisticians, fighters, etc. DDR practitioners shall recognize that all children must be released by the armed forces and groups that recruited them and receive reintegration support. Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation. If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B). In cases where there is no proof of age, or inconclusive evidence, the child shall have the right to the rule of the benefit of the doubt.A dependent child of an ex-combatant shall not automatically be considered to be associated with an armed force or group. However, armed forces or groups may identify some children, particularly girls, as dependents, including as wives, when the child is an extended family member\/relative, or when the child has been abducted, or otherwise recruited or used, including through forced marriage. A safe, child- and gender-sensitive individualized determination shall be undertaken to determine the child\u2019s status and eligibility for participation in a DDR process. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall be aware that, although not all dependent children may be eligible for DDR, they may be at heightened vulnerability and may have been exposed to conflict-related violence, especially if they were in close proximity to combatants or if their parents are ex-combatants. These children shall therefore be referred for support as part of wider child protection and humanitarian services in their communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1061, "Sentence":"A safe, child- and gender-sensitive individualized determination shall be undertaken to determine the child\u2019s status and eligibility for participation in a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR safe child gendersensitive individualized determination shall undertaken determine child \u2019 status eligibility participation ddr process ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children. Children can be associated with armed forces and groups in a variety of ways, not only as combatants, so some may not have access to weapons or ammunition. This is especially true for girls who are often used for sexual purposes, as wives or cooks, but may also be used as spies, logisticians, fighters, etc. DDR practitioners shall recognize that all children must be released by the armed forces and groups that recruited them and receive reintegration support. Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation. If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B). In cases where there is no proof of age, or inconclusive evidence, the child shall have the right to the rule of the benefit of the doubt.A dependent child of an ex-combatant shall not automatically be considered to be associated with an armed force or group. However, armed forces or groups may identify some children, particularly girls, as dependents, including as wives, when the child is an extended family member\/relative, or when the child has been abducted, or otherwise recruited or used, including through forced marriage. A safe, child- and gender-sensitive individualized determination shall be undertaken to determine the child\u2019s status and eligibility for participation in a DDR process. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall be aware that, although not all dependent children may be eligible for DDR, they may be at heightened vulnerability and may have been exposed to conflict-related violence, especially if they were in close proximity to combatants or if their parents are ex-combatants. These children shall therefore be referred for support as part of wider child protection and humanitarian services in their communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1061, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall be aware that, although not all dependent children may be eligible for DDR, they may be at heightened vulnerability and may have been exposed to conflict-related violence, especially if they were in close proximity to combatants or if their parents are ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr practitioner child protection actor shall aware although dependent child may eligible ddr may heightened vulnerability may exposed conflictrelated violence especially close proximity combatant parent excombatants ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Any person below 18 years of age who is associated with an armed force or group shall be eligible for participation in a DDR process designed specifically for children. Children can be associated with armed forces and groups in a variety of ways, not only as combatants, so some may not have access to weapons or ammunition. This is especially true for girls who are often used for sexual purposes, as wives or cooks, but may also be used as spies, logisticians, fighters, etc. DDR practitioners shall recognize that all children must be released by the armed forces and groups that recruited them and receive reintegration support. Eligibility for DDR processes for CAAFAG shall not be conditioned on the child\u2019s possession and handover of a weapon or ammunition, participation in hostilities or weapons training; there shall be no conditions, of any kind, for their participation. If there is doubt as to whether an individual is under 18 years old, an age assessment shall be conducted (see Annex B). In cases where there is no proof of age, or inconclusive evidence, the child shall have the right to the rule of the benefit of the doubt.A dependent child of an ex-combatant shall not automatically be considered to be associated with an armed force or group. However, armed forces or groups may identify some children, particularly girls, as dependents, including as wives, when the child is an extended family member\/relative, or when the child has been abducted, or otherwise recruited or used, including through forced marriage. A safe, child- and gender-sensitive individualized determination shall be undertaken to determine the child\u2019s status and eligibility for participation in a DDR process. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall be aware that, although not all dependent children may be eligible for DDR, they may be at heightened vulnerability and may have been exposed to conflict-related violence, especially if they were in close proximity to combatants or if their parents are ex-combatants. These children shall therefore be referred for support as part of wider child protection and humanitarian services in their communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1061, "Sentence":"These children shall therefore be referred for support as part of wider child protection and humanitarian services in their communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child shall therefore referred support part wider child protection humanitarian service community ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of children associated with armed forces or armed groups, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or security sector reform (SSR) process is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and are therefore excluded from support linked to DDR. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, diplomatic missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1062, "Sentence":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr process child shall contingent political negotiation adult ddr process ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of children associated with armed forces or armed groups, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or security sector reform (SSR) process is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and are therefore excluded from support linked to DDR. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, diplomatic missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1062, "Sentence":"Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of children associated with armed forces or armed groups, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR effort shall always made prevent recruitment secure release child associated armed force armed group irrespective stage conflict status peace negotiation ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of children associated with armed forces or armed groups, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or security sector reform (SSR) process is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and are therefore excluded from support linked to DDR. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, diplomatic missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1062, "Sentence":"Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR may require negotiation armed force group ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of children associated with armed forces or armed groups, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or security sector reform (SSR) process is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and are therefore excluded from support linked to DDR. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, diplomatic missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1062, "Sentence":"Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR special provision effort may needed reach girl often face unique obstacle identification release ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of children associated with armed forces or armed groups, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or security sector reform (SSR) process is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and are therefore excluded from support linked to DDR. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, diplomatic missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1062, "Sentence":"These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or security sector reform (SSR) process is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and are therefore excluded from support linked to DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR obstacle may include specific sociocultural factor perception girl \u2018 wife \u2019 dependent rather associated child gendered barrier information sensitization fear armed force group admitting presence girls.the mechanism structure release reintegration child shall set soon possible continue ongoing armed conflict peace agreement signed peacekeeping mission deployed ddr process security sector reform ssr process established.armed force group rarely acknowledge presence child rank child often identified therefore excluded support linked ddr ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of children associated with armed forces or armed groups, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or security sector reform (SSR) process is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and are therefore excluded from support linked to DDR. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, diplomatic missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1062, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr practitioner child protection actor involved providing service ddr process well un personnel broadly shall actively call unconditional release caafag time child \u2019 need considered ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of children associated with armed forces or armed groups, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or security sector reform (SSR) process is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and are therefore excluded from support linked to DDR. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, diplomatic missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1062, "Sentence":"Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR advocacy kind aim highlight issue faced caafag ensures role played girl boy conflict situation identified acknowledged ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of children associated with armed forces or armed groups, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or security sector reform (SSR) process is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and are therefore excluded from support linked to DDR. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, diplomatic missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1062, "Sentence":"Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR advocacy shall take place level formal informal discussion ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of children associated with armed forces or armed groups, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or security sector reform (SSR) process is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and are therefore excluded from support linked to DDR. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, diplomatic missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1062, "Sentence":"UN agencies, diplomatic missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR un agency diplomatic mission mediator donor representative party conflict involved ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall not be contingent on political negotiations or adult DDR processes. Efforts shall always be made to prevent recruitment and to secure the release of children associated with armed forces or armed groups, irrespective of the stage of the conflict or status of peace negotiations. Doing so may require negotiations with armed forces or groups. Special provisions and efforts may be needed to reach girls, who often face unique obstacles to identification and release. These obstacles may include specific sociocultural factors, such as the perception that girl \u2018wives\u2019 are dependents rather than associated children, gendered barriers to information and sensitization, or fear by armed forces and groups of admitting to the presence of girls.The mechanisms and structures for the release and reintegration of children shall be set up as soon as possible and continue during ongoing armed conflict, before a peace agreement is signed, a peacekeeping mission is deployed, or a DDR process or security sector reform (SSR) process is established.Armed forces and groups rarely acknowledge the presence of children in their ranks, so children are often not identified and are therefore excluded from support linked to DDR. DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes, as well as UN personnel more broadly, shall actively call for the unconditional release of all CAAFAG at all times, and for children\u2019s needs to be considered. Advocacy of this kind aims to highlight the issues faced by CAAFAG and ensures that the roles played by girls and boys in conflict situations are identified and acknowledged. Advocacy shall take place at all levels, through both formal and informal discussions. UN agencies, diplomatic missions, mediators, donors and representatives of parties to conflict should all be involved. If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1062, "Sentence":"If possible, advocacy should also be linked to existing civil society actions and national systems.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR possible advocacy also linked existing civil society action national system ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall respect the principles of international humanitarian law and promote the human rights of DDR participants, including children, and the communities into which they reintegrate. Core principles for delivery of humanitarian assistances include humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence. When supporting children and families therefore, care shall be taken to assess the possible impact of measures on vulnerable populations which may, by their very nature, have disproportionate or discriminatory impacts on different groups, even if unintended. Responses shall enhance the safety, dignity, and rights of people, and avoid exposing them to harm, provide access to assistance according to need and without discrimination, assist people to recover from the physical and psychological effects of threatened or actual violence, coercion or deliberate deprivation, and support people to fulfil their rights.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1063, "Sentence":"DDR processes shall respect the principles of international humanitarian law and promote the human rights of DDR participants, including children, and the communities into which they reintegrate.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr process shall respect principle international humanitarian law promote human right ddr participant including child community reintegrate ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall respect the principles of international humanitarian law and promote the human rights of DDR participants, including children, and the communities into which they reintegrate. Core principles for delivery of humanitarian assistances include humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence. When supporting children and families therefore, care shall be taken to assess the possible impact of measures on vulnerable populations which may, by their very nature, have disproportionate or discriminatory impacts on different groups, even if unintended. Responses shall enhance the safety, dignity, and rights of people, and avoid exposing them to harm, provide access to assistance according to need and without discrimination, assist people to recover from the physical and psychological effects of threatened or actual violence, coercion or deliberate deprivation, and support people to fulfil their rights.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1063, "Sentence":"Core principles for delivery of humanitarian assistances include humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR core principle delivery humanitarian assistance include humanity impartiality neutrality independence ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall respect the principles of international humanitarian law and promote the human rights of DDR participants, including children, and the communities into which they reintegrate. Core principles for delivery of humanitarian assistances include humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence. When supporting children and families therefore, care shall be taken to assess the possible impact of measures on vulnerable populations which may, by their very nature, have disproportionate or discriminatory impacts on different groups, even if unintended. Responses shall enhance the safety, dignity, and rights of people, and avoid exposing them to harm, provide access to assistance according to need and without discrimination, assist people to recover from the physical and psychological effects of threatened or actual violence, coercion or deliberate deprivation, and support people to fulfil their rights.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1063, "Sentence":"When supporting children and families therefore, care shall be taken to assess the possible impact of measures on vulnerable populations which may, by their very nature, have disproportionate or discriminatory impacts on different groups, even if unintended.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR supporting child family therefore care shall taken ass possible impact measure vulnerable population may nature disproportionate discriminatory impact different group even unintended ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall respect the principles of international humanitarian law and promote the human rights of DDR participants, including children, and the communities into which they reintegrate. Core principles for delivery of humanitarian assistances include humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence. When supporting children and families therefore, care shall be taken to assess the possible impact of measures on vulnerable populations which may, by their very nature, have disproportionate or discriminatory impacts on different groups, even if unintended. Responses shall enhance the safety, dignity, and rights of people, and avoid exposing them to harm, provide access to assistance according to need and without discrimination, assist people to recover from the physical and psychological effects of threatened or actual violence, coercion or deliberate deprivation, and support people to fulfil their rights.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1063, "Sentence":"Responses shall enhance the safety, dignity, and rights of people, and avoid exposing them to harm, provide access to assistance according to need and without discrimination, assist people to recover from the physical and psychological effects of threatened or actual violence, coercion or deliberate deprivation, and support people to fulfil their rights.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR response shall enhance safety dignity right people avoid exposing harm provide access assistance according need without discrimination assist people recover physical psychological effect threatened actual violence coercion deliberate deprivation support people fulfil right ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Conflict harms all children, whether they have been recruited or not. An inclusive approach that provides support to all conflict-affected children, including girls, particularly those with vulnerabilities that place them at risk of recruitment and use, shall be adopted to address children\u2019s needs and to avoid the perception that CAAFAG are being rewarded for association with an armed force or group. Gender-responsive approaches recognize the unique and specific needs of boys and girls, including the need for both to have access to sexual violence recovery services, emotional skill development and mental health and psychosocial support. Non- discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles of DDR processes. Children shall not be discriminated against due to age, sex, race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, disability or other personal characteristics or associations they or their families may hold. Based on their needs, CAAFAG shall have access to the same opportunities irrespective of the armed force or group with which they were associated. Non-discrimination also requires the establishment of mechanisms to enable those CAAFAG who informally leave armed forces or groups to access child-sensitive DDR processes (see section 4.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1064, "Sentence":"Conflict harms all children, whether they have been recruited or not.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR conflict harm child whether recruited ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Conflict harms all children, whether they have been recruited or not. An inclusive approach that provides support to all conflict-affected children, including girls, particularly those with vulnerabilities that place them at risk of recruitment and use, shall be adopted to address children\u2019s needs and to avoid the perception that CAAFAG are being rewarded for association with an armed force or group. Gender-responsive approaches recognize the unique and specific needs of boys and girls, including the need for both to have access to sexual violence recovery services, emotional skill development and mental health and psychosocial support. Non- discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles of DDR processes. Children shall not be discriminated against due to age, sex, race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, disability or other personal characteristics or associations they or their families may hold. Based on their needs, CAAFAG shall have access to the same opportunities irrespective of the armed force or group with which they were associated. Non-discrimination also requires the establishment of mechanisms to enable those CAAFAG who informally leave armed forces or groups to access child-sensitive DDR processes (see section 4.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1064, "Sentence":"An inclusive approach that provides support to all conflict-affected children, including girls, particularly those with vulnerabilities that place them at risk of recruitment and use, shall be adopted to address children\u2019s needs and to avoid the perception that CAAFAG are being rewarded for association with an armed force or group.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR inclusive approach provides support conflictaffected child including girl particularly vulnerability place risk recruitment use shall adopted address child \u2019 need avoid perception caafag rewarded association armed force group ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Conflict harms all children, whether they have been recruited or not. An inclusive approach that provides support to all conflict-affected children, including girls, particularly those with vulnerabilities that place them at risk of recruitment and use, shall be adopted to address children\u2019s needs and to avoid the perception that CAAFAG are being rewarded for association with an armed force or group. Gender-responsive approaches recognize the unique and specific needs of boys and girls, including the need for both to have access to sexual violence recovery services, emotional skill development and mental health and psychosocial support. Non- discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles of DDR processes. Children shall not be discriminated against due to age, sex, race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, disability or other personal characteristics or associations they or their families may hold. Based on their needs, CAAFAG shall have access to the same opportunities irrespective of the armed force or group with which they were associated. Non-discrimination also requires the establishment of mechanisms to enable those CAAFAG who informally leave armed forces or groups to access child-sensitive DDR processes (see section 4.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1064, "Sentence":"Gender-responsive approaches recognize the unique and specific needs of boys and girls, including the need for both to have access to sexual violence recovery services, emotional skill development and mental health and psychosocial support.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR genderresponsive approach recognize unique specific need boy girl including need access sexual violence recovery service emotional skill development mental health psychosocial support ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Conflict harms all children, whether they have been recruited or not. An inclusive approach that provides support to all conflict-affected children, including girls, particularly those with vulnerabilities that place them at risk of recruitment and use, shall be adopted to address children\u2019s needs and to avoid the perception that CAAFAG are being rewarded for association with an armed force or group. Gender-responsive approaches recognize the unique and specific needs of boys and girls, including the need for both to have access to sexual violence recovery services, emotional skill development and mental health and psychosocial support. Non- discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles of DDR processes. Children shall not be discriminated against due to age, sex, race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, disability or other personal characteristics or associations they or their families may hold. Based on their needs, CAAFAG shall have access to the same opportunities irrespective of the armed force or group with which they were associated. Non-discrimination also requires the establishment of mechanisms to enable those CAAFAG who informally leave armed forces or groups to access child-sensitive DDR processes (see section 4.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1064, "Sentence":"Non- discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR non discrimination fair equitable treatment core principle ddr process ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Conflict harms all children, whether they have been recruited or not. An inclusive approach that provides support to all conflict-affected children, including girls, particularly those with vulnerabilities that place them at risk of recruitment and use, shall be adopted to address children\u2019s needs and to avoid the perception that CAAFAG are being rewarded for association with an armed force or group. Gender-responsive approaches recognize the unique and specific needs of boys and girls, including the need for both to have access to sexual violence recovery services, emotional skill development and mental health and psychosocial support. Non- discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles of DDR processes. Children shall not be discriminated against due to age, sex, race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, disability or other personal characteristics or associations they or their families may hold. Based on their needs, CAAFAG shall have access to the same opportunities irrespective of the armed force or group with which they were associated. Non-discrimination also requires the establishment of mechanisms to enable those CAAFAG who informally leave armed forces or groups to access child-sensitive DDR processes (see section 4.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1064, "Sentence":"Children shall not be discriminated against due to age, sex, race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, disability or other personal characteristics or associations they or their families may hold.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child shall discriminated due age sex race religion nationality ethnicity disability personal characteristic association family may hold ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Conflict harms all children, whether they have been recruited or not. An inclusive approach that provides support to all conflict-affected children, including girls, particularly those with vulnerabilities that place them at risk of recruitment and use, shall be adopted to address children\u2019s needs and to avoid the perception that CAAFAG are being rewarded for association with an armed force or group. Gender-responsive approaches recognize the unique and specific needs of boys and girls, including the need for both to have access to sexual violence recovery services, emotional skill development and mental health and psychosocial support. Non- discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles of DDR processes. Children shall not be discriminated against due to age, sex, race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, disability or other personal characteristics or associations they or their families may hold. Based on their needs, CAAFAG shall have access to the same opportunities irrespective of the armed force or group with which they were associated. Non-discrimination also requires the establishment of mechanisms to enable those CAAFAG who informally leave armed forces or groups to access child-sensitive DDR processes (see section 4.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1064, "Sentence":"Based on their needs, CAAFAG shall have access to the same opportunities irrespective of the armed force or group with which they were associated.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR based need caafag shall access opportunity irrespective armed force group associated ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Conflict harms all children, whether they have been recruited or not. An inclusive approach that provides support to all conflict-affected children, including girls, particularly those with vulnerabilities that place them at risk of recruitment and use, shall be adopted to address children\u2019s needs and to avoid the perception that CAAFAG are being rewarded for association with an armed force or group. Gender-responsive approaches recognize the unique and specific needs of boys and girls, including the need for both to have access to sexual violence recovery services, emotional skill development and mental health and psychosocial support. Non- discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles of DDR processes. Children shall not be discriminated against due to age, sex, race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, disability or other personal characteristics or associations they or their families may hold. Based on their needs, CAAFAG shall have access to the same opportunities irrespective of the armed force or group with which they were associated. Non-discrimination also requires the establishment of mechanisms to enable those CAAFAG who informally leave armed forces or groups to access child-sensitive DDR processes (see section 4.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1064, "Sentence":"Non-discrimination also requires the establishment of mechanisms to enable those CAAFAG who informally leave armed forces or groups to access child-sensitive DDR processes (see section 4.1).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR nondiscrimination also requires establishment mechanism enable caafag informally leave armed force group access childsensitive ddr process see section 4.1 ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A conflict sensitive approach ensures that children associated with different groups and forces shall have equal access to and benefit from programmes. Additionally, opportunities to promote peacebuilding and social cohesion through child protection support services and activities shall be leveraged to fortify and build stronger connections between children, irrespective of the armed group or force with which they were previously traveling or associated.DDR practitioners shall ensure that no harm is done to children or their families. Rather, they shall seek to maximize any benefits to children, while minimizing any harm. This shall be done through: \\n Assessing and monitoring both positive and negative impacts for children, disaggregating data by age, gender and vulnerabilities of the child, while keeping such data protected; and \\n Listening to and considering the voices and views of children in the planning, design, implementation and review of DDR processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1065, "Sentence":"A conflict sensitive approach ensures that children associated with different groups and forces shall have equal access to and benefit from programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR conflict sensitive approach ensures child associated different group force shall equal access benefit programme ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A conflict sensitive approach ensures that children associated with different groups and forces shall have equal access to and benefit from programmes. Additionally, opportunities to promote peacebuilding and social cohesion through child protection support services and activities shall be leveraged to fortify and build stronger connections between children, irrespective of the armed group or force with which they were previously traveling or associated.DDR practitioners shall ensure that no harm is done to children or their families. Rather, they shall seek to maximize any benefits to children, while minimizing any harm. This shall be done through: \\n Assessing and monitoring both positive and negative impacts for children, disaggregating data by age, gender and vulnerabilities of the child, while keeping such data protected; and \\n Listening to and considering the voices and views of children in the planning, design, implementation and review of DDR processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1065, "Sentence":"Additionally, opportunities to promote peacebuilding and social cohesion through child protection support services and activities shall be leveraged to fortify and build stronger connections between children, irrespective of the armed group or force with which they were previously traveling or associated.DDR practitioners shall ensure that no harm is done to children or their families.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR additionally opportunity promote peacebuilding social cohesion child protection support service activity shall leveraged fortify build stronger connection child irrespective armed group force previously traveling associated.ddr practitioner shall ensure harm done child family ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A conflict sensitive approach ensures that children associated with different groups and forces shall have equal access to and benefit from programmes. Additionally, opportunities to promote peacebuilding and social cohesion through child protection support services and activities shall be leveraged to fortify and build stronger connections between children, irrespective of the armed group or force with which they were previously traveling or associated.DDR practitioners shall ensure that no harm is done to children or their families. Rather, they shall seek to maximize any benefits to children, while minimizing any harm. This shall be done through: \\n Assessing and monitoring both positive and negative impacts for children, disaggregating data by age, gender and vulnerabilities of the child, while keeping such data protected; and \\n Listening to and considering the voices and views of children in the planning, design, implementation and review of DDR processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1065, "Sentence":"Rather, they shall seek to maximize any benefits to children, while minimizing any harm.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR rather shall seek maximize benefit child minimizing harm ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"A conflict sensitive approach ensures that children associated with different groups and forces shall have equal access to and benefit from programmes. Additionally, opportunities to promote peacebuilding and social cohesion through child protection support services and activities shall be leveraged to fortify and build stronger connections between children, irrespective of the armed group or force with which they were previously traveling or associated.DDR practitioners shall ensure that no harm is done to children or their families. Rather, they shall seek to maximize any benefits to children, while minimizing any harm. This shall be done through: \\n Assessing and monitoring both positive and negative impacts for children, disaggregating data by age, gender and vulnerabilities of the child, while keeping such data protected; and \\n Listening to and considering the voices and views of children in the planning, design, implementation and review of DDR processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1065, "Sentence":"This shall be done through: \\n Assessing and monitoring both positive and negative impacts for children, disaggregating data by age, gender and vulnerabilities of the child, while keeping such data protected; and \\n Listening to and considering the voices and views of children in the planning, design, implementation and review of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR shall done n assessing monitoring positive negative impact child disaggregating data age gender vulnerability child keeping data protected n listening considering voice view child planning design implementation review ddr process ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall recognize that each conflict context is different, with its own social, political, cultural, economic, gender and other dynamics, and that girls and boys have different needs and capacities. These specificities also require DDR practitioners to recognize that the mechanisms for consultation and engagement may differ by context, hence requiring tailored strategies. There is no simple formula that can be applied in all circumstances.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1066, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall recognize that each conflict context is different, with its own social, political, cultural, economic, gender and other dynamics, and that girls and boys have different needs and capacities.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr practitioner shall recognize conflict context different social political cultural economic gender dynamic girl boy different need capacity ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall recognize that each conflict context is different, with its own social, political, cultural, economic, gender and other dynamics, and that girls and boys have different needs and capacities. These specificities also require DDR practitioners to recognize that the mechanisms for consultation and engagement may differ by context, hence requiring tailored strategies. There is no simple formula that can be applied in all circumstances.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1066, "Sentence":"These specificities also require DDR practitioners to recognize that the mechanisms for consultation and engagement may differ by context, hence requiring tailored strategies.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR specificity also require ddr practitioner recognize mechanism consultation engagement may differ context hence requiring tailored strategy ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall recognize that each conflict context is different, with its own social, political, cultural, economic, gender and other dynamics, and that girls and boys have different needs and capacities. These specificities also require DDR practitioners to recognize that the mechanisms for consultation and engagement may differ by context, hence requiring tailored strategies. There is no simple formula that can be applied in all circumstances.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1066, "Sentence":"There is no simple formula that can be applied in all circumstances.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR simple formula applied circumstance ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Sufficient long-term funding is required to implement effective child-sensitive DDR processes. Funding should be made available through a funding mechanism that is independent of, and managed separately from, DDR processes for adults. This funding should be planned for at the outset. DDR practitioners and specialized child protection actors shall be called upon for the necessary political, technical and operational leadership within the Government and within the framework of the UN mission or the UN Country Team.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1067, "Sentence":"Sufficient long-term funding is required to implement effective child-sensitive DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR sufficient longterm funding required implement effective childsensitive ddr process ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Sufficient long-term funding is required to implement effective child-sensitive DDR processes. Funding should be made available through a funding mechanism that is independent of, and managed separately from, DDR processes for adults. This funding should be planned for at the outset. DDR practitioners and specialized child protection actors shall be called upon for the necessary political, technical and operational leadership within the Government and within the framework of the UN mission or the UN Country Team.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1067, "Sentence":"Funding should be made available through a funding mechanism that is independent of, and managed separately from, DDR processes for adults.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR funding made available funding mechanism independent managed separately ddr process adult ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Sufficient long-term funding is required to implement effective child-sensitive DDR processes. Funding should be made available through a funding mechanism that is independent of, and managed separately from, DDR processes for adults. This funding should be planned for at the outset. DDR practitioners and specialized child protection actors shall be called upon for the necessary political, technical and operational leadership within the Government and within the framework of the UN mission or the UN Country Team.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1067, "Sentence":"This funding should be planned for at the outset.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR funding planned outset ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Sufficient long-term funding is required to implement effective child-sensitive DDR processes. Funding should be made available through a funding mechanism that is independent of, and managed separately from, DDR processes for adults. This funding should be planned for at the outset. DDR practitioners and specialized child protection actors shall be called upon for the necessary political, technical and operational leadership within the Government and within the framework of the UN mission or the UN Country Team.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1067, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners and specialized child protection actors shall be called upon for the necessary political, technical and operational leadership within the Government and within the framework of the UN mission or the UN Country Team.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr practitioner specialized child protection actor shall called upon necessary political technical operational leadership within government within framework un mission un country team ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.2 Accountability and transparency", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall reaffirm the importance of and respect the best interests of the child and require project staff to be accountable to children and their caregivers.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1068, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall reaffirm the importance of and respect the best interests of the child and require project staff to be accountable to children and their caregivers.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr practitioner child protection actor shall reaffirm importance respect best interest child require project staff accountable child caregiver ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall link to national and local structures for child protection with efforts to strengthen institutions working on child rights and advocacy. DDR processes for children require a long implementation period and the long-term success of DDR processes depends on and correlates to the capacities of local actors and communities. These capacities shall be strengthened to support community acceptance and local advocacy potential.Participatory and decentralized consultation should be encouraged so that common strategies, responsive to local realities, can be designed. National frameworks, including guiding principles, norms and procedures specific to the local and regional context, shall be established. Clear roles and responsibilities, including engagement and exit strategies, shall be agreed upon by all actors. All such consultation must ensure that the voices of children, both boys and girls, are heard and their views are incorporated into the design of DDR processes. As social norms may influence the ability of children to speak openly and safely, DDR practitioners shall consult with experts on child participation.To ensure long-term sustainability, Government should be a key partner\/owner in DDR processes for children. The level of responsibility and national ownership will depend on the context and\/or the terms of the peace accord (if one exists). Appropriate ministries, such as those of education, social affairs, families, women, labour, etc., as well as any national DDR commission that is set up, shall be involved in the planning and design of DDR processes for children. Where possible, support should be provided to build Government capacity on child protection and other critical social services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1069, "Sentence":"DDR processes for children shall link to national and local structures for child protection with efforts to strengthen institutions working on child rights and advocacy.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr process child shall link national local structure child protection effort strengthen institution working child right advocacy ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall link to national and local structures for child protection with efforts to strengthen institutions working on child rights and advocacy. DDR processes for children require a long implementation period and the long-term success of DDR processes depends on and correlates to the capacities of local actors and communities. These capacities shall be strengthened to support community acceptance and local advocacy potential.Participatory and decentralized consultation should be encouraged so that common strategies, responsive to local realities, can be designed. National frameworks, including guiding principles, norms and procedures specific to the local and regional context, shall be established. Clear roles and responsibilities, including engagement and exit strategies, shall be agreed upon by all actors. All such consultation must ensure that the voices of children, both boys and girls, are heard and their views are incorporated into the design of DDR processes. As social norms may influence the ability of children to speak openly and safely, DDR practitioners shall consult with experts on child participation.To ensure long-term sustainability, Government should be a key partner\/owner in DDR processes for children. The level of responsibility and national ownership will depend on the context and\/or the terms of the peace accord (if one exists). Appropriate ministries, such as those of education, social affairs, families, women, labour, etc., as well as any national DDR commission that is set up, shall be involved in the planning and design of DDR processes for children. Where possible, support should be provided to build Government capacity on child protection and other critical social services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1069, "Sentence":"DDR processes for children require a long implementation period and the long-term success of DDR processes depends on and correlates to the capacities of local actors and communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr process child require long implementation period longterm success ddr process depends correlate capacity local actor community ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall link to national and local structures for child protection with efforts to strengthen institutions working on child rights and advocacy. DDR processes for children require a long implementation period and the long-term success of DDR processes depends on and correlates to the capacities of local actors and communities. These capacities shall be strengthened to support community acceptance and local advocacy potential.Participatory and decentralized consultation should be encouraged so that common strategies, responsive to local realities, can be designed. National frameworks, including guiding principles, norms and procedures specific to the local and regional context, shall be established. Clear roles and responsibilities, including engagement and exit strategies, shall be agreed upon by all actors. All such consultation must ensure that the voices of children, both boys and girls, are heard and their views are incorporated into the design of DDR processes. As social norms may influence the ability of children to speak openly and safely, DDR practitioners shall consult with experts on child participation.To ensure long-term sustainability, Government should be a key partner\/owner in DDR processes for children. The level of responsibility and national ownership will depend on the context and\/or the terms of the peace accord (if one exists). Appropriate ministries, such as those of education, social affairs, families, women, labour, etc., as well as any national DDR commission that is set up, shall be involved in the planning and design of DDR processes for children. Where possible, support should be provided to build Government capacity on child protection and other critical social services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1069, "Sentence":"These capacities shall be strengthened to support community acceptance and local advocacy potential.Participatory and decentralized consultation should be encouraged so that common strategies, responsive to local realities, can be designed.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR capacity shall strengthened support community acceptance local advocacy potential.participatory decentralized consultation encouraged common strategy responsive local reality designed ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall link to national and local structures for child protection with efforts to strengthen institutions working on child rights and advocacy. DDR processes for children require a long implementation period and the long-term success of DDR processes depends on and correlates to the capacities of local actors and communities. These capacities shall be strengthened to support community acceptance and local advocacy potential.Participatory and decentralized consultation should be encouraged so that common strategies, responsive to local realities, can be designed. National frameworks, including guiding principles, norms and procedures specific to the local and regional context, shall be established. Clear roles and responsibilities, including engagement and exit strategies, shall be agreed upon by all actors. All such consultation must ensure that the voices of children, both boys and girls, are heard and their views are incorporated into the design of DDR processes. As social norms may influence the ability of children to speak openly and safely, DDR practitioners shall consult with experts on child participation.To ensure long-term sustainability, Government should be a key partner\/owner in DDR processes for children. The level of responsibility and national ownership will depend on the context and\/or the terms of the peace accord (if one exists). Appropriate ministries, such as those of education, social affairs, families, women, labour, etc., as well as any national DDR commission that is set up, shall be involved in the planning and design of DDR processes for children. Where possible, support should be provided to build Government capacity on child protection and other critical social services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1069, "Sentence":"National frameworks, including guiding principles, norms and procedures specific to the local and regional context, shall be established.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR national framework including guiding principle norm procedure specific local regional context shall established ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall link to national and local structures for child protection with efforts to strengthen institutions working on child rights and advocacy. DDR processes for children require a long implementation period and the long-term success of DDR processes depends on and correlates to the capacities of local actors and communities. These capacities shall be strengthened to support community acceptance and local advocacy potential.Participatory and decentralized consultation should be encouraged so that common strategies, responsive to local realities, can be designed. National frameworks, including guiding principles, norms and procedures specific to the local and regional context, shall be established. Clear roles and responsibilities, including engagement and exit strategies, shall be agreed upon by all actors. All such consultation must ensure that the voices of children, both boys and girls, are heard and their views are incorporated into the design of DDR processes. As social norms may influence the ability of children to speak openly and safely, DDR practitioners shall consult with experts on child participation.To ensure long-term sustainability, Government should be a key partner\/owner in DDR processes for children. The level of responsibility and national ownership will depend on the context and\/or the terms of the peace accord (if one exists). Appropriate ministries, such as those of education, social affairs, families, women, labour, etc., as well as any national DDR commission that is set up, shall be involved in the planning and design of DDR processes for children. Where possible, support should be provided to build Government capacity on child protection and other critical social services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1069, "Sentence":"Clear roles and responsibilities, including engagement and exit strategies, shall be agreed upon by all actors.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR clear role responsibility including engagement exit strategy shall agreed upon actor ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall link to national and local structures for child protection with efforts to strengthen institutions working on child rights and advocacy. DDR processes for children require a long implementation period and the long-term success of DDR processes depends on and correlates to the capacities of local actors and communities. These capacities shall be strengthened to support community acceptance and local advocacy potential.Participatory and decentralized consultation should be encouraged so that common strategies, responsive to local realities, can be designed. National frameworks, including guiding principles, norms and procedures specific to the local and regional context, shall be established. Clear roles and responsibilities, including engagement and exit strategies, shall be agreed upon by all actors. All such consultation must ensure that the voices of children, both boys and girls, are heard and their views are incorporated into the design of DDR processes. As social norms may influence the ability of children to speak openly and safely, DDR practitioners shall consult with experts on child participation.To ensure long-term sustainability, Government should be a key partner\/owner in DDR processes for children. The level of responsibility and national ownership will depend on the context and\/or the terms of the peace accord (if one exists). Appropriate ministries, such as those of education, social affairs, families, women, labour, etc., as well as any national DDR commission that is set up, shall be involved in the planning and design of DDR processes for children. Where possible, support should be provided to build Government capacity on child protection and other critical social services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1069, "Sentence":"All such consultation must ensure that the voices of children, both boys and girls, are heard and their views are incorporated into the design of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR consultation must ensure voice child boy girl heard view incorporated design ddr process ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall link to national and local structures for child protection with efforts to strengthen institutions working on child rights and advocacy. DDR processes for children require a long implementation period and the long-term success of DDR processes depends on and correlates to the capacities of local actors and communities. These capacities shall be strengthened to support community acceptance and local advocacy potential.Participatory and decentralized consultation should be encouraged so that common strategies, responsive to local realities, can be designed. National frameworks, including guiding principles, norms and procedures specific to the local and regional context, shall be established. Clear roles and responsibilities, including engagement and exit strategies, shall be agreed upon by all actors. All such consultation must ensure that the voices of children, both boys and girls, are heard and their views are incorporated into the design of DDR processes. As social norms may influence the ability of children to speak openly and safely, DDR practitioners shall consult with experts on child participation.To ensure long-term sustainability, Government should be a key partner\/owner in DDR processes for children. The level of responsibility and national ownership will depend on the context and\/or the terms of the peace accord (if one exists). Appropriate ministries, such as those of education, social affairs, families, women, labour, etc., as well as any national DDR commission that is set up, shall be involved in the planning and design of DDR processes for children. Where possible, support should be provided to build Government capacity on child protection and other critical social services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1069, "Sentence":"As social norms may influence the ability of children to speak openly and safely, DDR practitioners shall consult with experts on child participation.To ensure long-term sustainability, Government should be a key partner\/owner in DDR processes for children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR social norm may influence ability child speak openly safely ddr practitioner shall consult expert child participation.to ensure longterm sustainability government key partner\/owner ddr process child ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall link to national and local structures for child protection with efforts to strengthen institutions working on child rights and advocacy. DDR processes for children require a long implementation period and the long-term success of DDR processes depends on and correlates to the capacities of local actors and communities. These capacities shall be strengthened to support community acceptance and local advocacy potential.Participatory and decentralized consultation should be encouraged so that common strategies, responsive to local realities, can be designed. National frameworks, including guiding principles, norms and procedures specific to the local and regional context, shall be established. Clear roles and responsibilities, including engagement and exit strategies, shall be agreed upon by all actors. All such consultation must ensure that the voices of children, both boys and girls, are heard and their views are incorporated into the design of DDR processes. As social norms may influence the ability of children to speak openly and safely, DDR practitioners shall consult with experts on child participation.To ensure long-term sustainability, Government should be a key partner\/owner in DDR processes for children. The level of responsibility and national ownership will depend on the context and\/or the terms of the peace accord (if one exists). Appropriate ministries, such as those of education, social affairs, families, women, labour, etc., as well as any national DDR commission that is set up, shall be involved in the planning and design of DDR processes for children. Where possible, support should be provided to build Government capacity on child protection and other critical social services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1069, "Sentence":"The level of responsibility and national ownership will depend on the context and\/or the terms of the peace accord (if one exists).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR level responsibility national ownership depend context and\/or term peace accord one exists ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall link to national and local structures for child protection with efforts to strengthen institutions working on child rights and advocacy. DDR processes for children require a long implementation period and the long-term success of DDR processes depends on and correlates to the capacities of local actors and communities. These capacities shall be strengthened to support community acceptance and local advocacy potential.Participatory and decentralized consultation should be encouraged so that common strategies, responsive to local realities, can be designed. National frameworks, including guiding principles, norms and procedures specific to the local and regional context, shall be established. Clear roles and responsibilities, including engagement and exit strategies, shall be agreed upon by all actors. All such consultation must ensure that the voices of children, both boys and girls, are heard and their views are incorporated into the design of DDR processes. As social norms may influence the ability of children to speak openly and safely, DDR practitioners shall consult with experts on child participation.To ensure long-term sustainability, Government should be a key partner\/owner in DDR processes for children. The level of responsibility and national ownership will depend on the context and\/or the terms of the peace accord (if one exists). Appropriate ministries, such as those of education, social affairs, families, women, labour, etc., as well as any national DDR commission that is set up, shall be involved in the planning and design of DDR processes for children. Where possible, support should be provided to build Government capacity on child protection and other critical social services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1069, "Sentence":"Appropriate ministries, such as those of education, social affairs, families, women, labour, etc., as well as any national DDR commission that is set up, shall be involved in the planning and design of DDR processes for children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR appropriate ministry education social affair family woman labour etc . well national ddr commission set shall involved planning design ddr process child ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children shall link to national and local structures for child protection with efforts to strengthen institutions working on child rights and advocacy. DDR processes for children require a long implementation period and the long-term success of DDR processes depends on and correlates to the capacities of local actors and communities. These capacities shall be strengthened to support community acceptance and local advocacy potential.Participatory and decentralized consultation should be encouraged so that common strategies, responsive to local realities, can be designed. National frameworks, including guiding principles, norms and procedures specific to the local and regional context, shall be established. Clear roles and responsibilities, including engagement and exit strategies, shall be agreed upon by all actors. All such consultation must ensure that the voices of children, both boys and girls, are heard and their views are incorporated into the design of DDR processes. As social norms may influence the ability of children to speak openly and safely, DDR practitioners shall consult with experts on child participation.To ensure long-term sustainability, Government should be a key partner\/owner in DDR processes for children. The level of responsibility and national ownership will depend on the context and\/or the terms of the peace accord (if one exists). Appropriate ministries, such as those of education, social affairs, families, women, labour, etc., as well as any national DDR commission that is set up, shall be involved in the planning and design of DDR processes for children. Where possible, support should be provided to build Government capacity on child protection and other critical social services.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1069, "Sentence":"Where possible, support should be provided to build Government capacity on child protection and other critical social services.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR possible support provided build government capacity child protection critical social service ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Where appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider regional initiatives prohibiting and responding to the recruitment and use of CAAFAG. Furthermore, regional organizations and arrangements to undertake efforts to obtain the release of children from armed forces and groups and their family reunification shall be supported.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1070, "Sentence":"Where appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider regional initiatives prohibiting and responding to the recruitment and use of CAAFAG.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR appropriate ddr practitioner shall consider regional initiative prohibiting responding recruitment use caafag ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Where appropriate, DDR practitioners shall consider regional initiatives prohibiting and responding to the recruitment and use of CAAFAG. Furthermore, regional organizations and arrangements to undertake efforts to obtain the release of children from armed forces and groups and their family reunification shall be supported.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1070, "Sentence":"Furthermore, regional organizations and arrangements to undertake efforts to obtain the release of children from armed forces and groups and their family reunification shall be supported.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR furthermore regional organization arrangement undertake effort obtain release child armed force group family reunification shall supported ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Effective coordination with other related sectors (including education, health, youth, and employment) and relevant agencies\/ministries is critical to the success of DDR processes for children. Systems for coordination, information-sharing and reporting shall be established and continuously implemented, so that all concerned parties can work together and support each other, particularly in the case of contingency and security planning. Coordination shall be seen as a vital element of the ongoing monitoring of children\u2019s well-being and shall be utilized to further advanced preparedness, prevent (re-)recruitment and ensure conflict sensitivity. Effective coordination between DDR practitioners working with children and adults should be promoted to support the transition from child to adult for older children (ages 15\u201318). Data on CAAFAG shall be safely secured and only made available to those who have a specific need to access it for a specific purpose that is in a child\u2019s best interests, for example, to deliver a service or make a referral. Confidentiality shall be respected at all times.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1071, "Sentence":"Effective coordination with other related sectors (including education, health, youth, and employment) and relevant agencies\/ministries is critical to the success of DDR processes for children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR effective coordination related sector including education health youth employment relevant agencies\/ministries critical success ddr process child ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Effective coordination with other related sectors (including education, health, youth, and employment) and relevant agencies\/ministries is critical to the success of DDR processes for children. Systems for coordination, information-sharing and reporting shall be established and continuously implemented, so that all concerned parties can work together and support each other, particularly in the case of contingency and security planning. Coordination shall be seen as a vital element of the ongoing monitoring of children\u2019s well-being and shall be utilized to further advanced preparedness, prevent (re-)recruitment and ensure conflict sensitivity. Effective coordination between DDR practitioners working with children and adults should be promoted to support the transition from child to adult for older children (ages 15\u201318). Data on CAAFAG shall be safely secured and only made available to those who have a specific need to access it for a specific purpose that is in a child\u2019s best interests, for example, to deliver a service or make a referral. Confidentiality shall be respected at all times.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1071, "Sentence":"Systems for coordination, information-sharing and reporting shall be established and continuously implemented, so that all concerned parties can work together and support each other, particularly in the case of contingency and security planning.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR system coordination informationsharing reporting shall established continuously implemented concerned party work together support particularly case contingency security planning ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Effective coordination with other related sectors (including education, health, youth, and employment) and relevant agencies\/ministries is critical to the success of DDR processes for children. Systems for coordination, information-sharing and reporting shall be established and continuously implemented, so that all concerned parties can work together and support each other, particularly in the case of contingency and security planning. Coordination shall be seen as a vital element of the ongoing monitoring of children\u2019s well-being and shall be utilized to further advanced preparedness, prevent (re-)recruitment and ensure conflict sensitivity. Effective coordination between DDR practitioners working with children and adults should be promoted to support the transition from child to adult for older children (ages 15\u201318). Data on CAAFAG shall be safely secured and only made available to those who have a specific need to access it for a specific purpose that is in a child\u2019s best interests, for example, to deliver a service or make a referral. Confidentiality shall be respected at all times.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1071, "Sentence":"Coordination shall be seen as a vital element of the ongoing monitoring of children\u2019s well-being and shall be utilized to further advanced preparedness, prevent (re-)recruitment and ensure conflict sensitivity.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR coordination shall seen vital element ongoing monitoring child \u2019 wellbeing shall utilized advanced preparedness prevent rerecruitment ensure conflict sensitivity ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Effective coordination with other related sectors (including education, health, youth, and employment) and relevant agencies\/ministries is critical to the success of DDR processes for children. Systems for coordination, information-sharing and reporting shall be established and continuously implemented, so that all concerned parties can work together and support each other, particularly in the case of contingency and security planning. Coordination shall be seen as a vital element of the ongoing monitoring of children\u2019s well-being and shall be utilized to further advanced preparedness, prevent (re-)recruitment and ensure conflict sensitivity. Effective coordination between DDR practitioners working with children and adults should be promoted to support the transition from child to adult for older children (ages 15\u201318). Data on CAAFAG shall be safely secured and only made available to those who have a specific need to access it for a specific purpose that is in a child\u2019s best interests, for example, to deliver a service or make a referral. Confidentiality shall be respected at all times.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1071, "Sentence":"Effective coordination between DDR practitioners working with children and adults should be promoted to support the transition from child to adult for older children (ages 15\u201318).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR effective coordination ddr practitioner working child adult promoted support transition child adult older child age 15\u201318 ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Effective coordination with other related sectors (including education, health, youth, and employment) and relevant agencies\/ministries is critical to the success of DDR processes for children. Systems for coordination, information-sharing and reporting shall be established and continuously implemented, so that all concerned parties can work together and support each other, particularly in the case of contingency and security planning. Coordination shall be seen as a vital element of the ongoing monitoring of children\u2019s well-being and shall be utilized to further advanced preparedness, prevent (re-)recruitment and ensure conflict sensitivity. Effective coordination between DDR practitioners working with children and adults should be promoted to support the transition from child to adult for older children (ages 15\u201318). Data on CAAFAG shall be safely secured and only made available to those who have a specific need to access it for a specific purpose that is in a child\u2019s best interests, for example, to deliver a service or make a referral. Confidentiality shall be respected at all times.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1071, "Sentence":"Data on CAAFAG shall be safely secured and only made available to those who have a specific need to access it for a specific purpose that is in a child\u2019s best interests, for example, to deliver a service or make a referral.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR data caafag shall safely secured made available specific need access specific purpose child \u2019 best interest example deliver service make referral ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Effective coordination with other related sectors (including education, health, youth, and employment) and relevant agencies\/ministries is critical to the success of DDR processes for children. Systems for coordination, information-sharing and reporting shall be established and continuously implemented, so that all concerned parties can work together and support each other, particularly in the case of contingency and security planning. Coordination shall be seen as a vital element of the ongoing monitoring of children\u2019s well-being and shall be utilized to further advanced preparedness, prevent (re-)recruitment and ensure conflict sensitivity. Effective coordination between DDR practitioners working with children and adults should be promoted to support the transition from child to adult for older children (ages 15\u201318). Data on CAAFAG shall be safely secured and only made available to those who have a specific need to access it for a specific purpose that is in a child\u2019s best interests, for example, to deliver a service or make a referral. Confidentiality shall be respected at all times.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1071, "Sentence":"Confidentiality shall be respected at all times.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR confidentiality shall respected time ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.1 Safety and security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Prevention and release require considerations related to safety of children, families, communities, DDR practitioners and other staff delivering services for children. DDR processes for children may be implemented in locations where conflict is ongoing or escalating, or in fragile environments. Such contexts present many potential risks and DDR practitioners shall therefore conduct risk assessments and put in place measures to mitigate identified risks before initiating DDR processes. Particular consideration shall be given to the needs of girls and protection of all children from sexual exploitation and abuse. All staff of UN organizations delivering child protection services and organizing DDR processes shall adhere to the requirements of the Secretary-General\u2019s Bulletin on the Special Measures for Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (for UN entities) and the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Six Core Principles Relating to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse.DDR processes shall establish an organizational child protection policy and\/or safeguarding policy and an individual code of conduct that have clear, strong, and positive commitments to safeguard children and that outline appropriate standards of conduct, preventive measures, reporting, monitoring, investigation and corrective measures the Organization will take to protect participants and beneficiaries from sexual exploitation and abuse.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1072, "Sentence":"Prevention and release require considerations related to safety of children, families, communities, DDR practitioners and other staff delivering services for children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR prevention release require consideration related safety child family community ddr practitioner staff delivering service child ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.1 Safety and security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Prevention and release require considerations related to safety of children, families, communities, DDR practitioners and other staff delivering services for children. DDR processes for children may be implemented in locations where conflict is ongoing or escalating, or in fragile environments. Such contexts present many potential risks and DDR practitioners shall therefore conduct risk assessments and put in place measures to mitigate identified risks before initiating DDR processes. Particular consideration shall be given to the needs of girls and protection of all children from sexual exploitation and abuse. All staff of UN organizations delivering child protection services and organizing DDR processes shall adhere to the requirements of the Secretary-General\u2019s Bulletin on the Special Measures for Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (for UN entities) and the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Six Core Principles Relating to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse.DDR processes shall establish an organizational child protection policy and\/or safeguarding policy and an individual code of conduct that have clear, strong, and positive commitments to safeguard children and that outline appropriate standards of conduct, preventive measures, reporting, monitoring, investigation and corrective measures the Organization will take to protect participants and beneficiaries from sexual exploitation and abuse.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1072, "Sentence":"DDR processes for children may be implemented in locations where conflict is ongoing or escalating, or in fragile environments.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr process child may implemented location conflict ongoing escalating fragile environment ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.1 Safety and security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Prevention and release require considerations related to safety of children, families, communities, DDR practitioners and other staff delivering services for children. DDR processes for children may be implemented in locations where conflict is ongoing or escalating, or in fragile environments. Such contexts present many potential risks and DDR practitioners shall therefore conduct risk assessments and put in place measures to mitigate identified risks before initiating DDR processes. Particular consideration shall be given to the needs of girls and protection of all children from sexual exploitation and abuse. All staff of UN organizations delivering child protection services and organizing DDR processes shall adhere to the requirements of the Secretary-General\u2019s Bulletin on the Special Measures for Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (for UN entities) and the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Six Core Principles Relating to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse.DDR processes shall establish an organizational child protection policy and\/or safeguarding policy and an individual code of conduct that have clear, strong, and positive commitments to safeguard children and that outline appropriate standards of conduct, preventive measures, reporting, monitoring, investigation and corrective measures the Organization will take to protect participants and beneficiaries from sexual exploitation and abuse.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1072, "Sentence":"Such contexts present many potential risks and DDR practitioners shall therefore conduct risk assessments and put in place measures to mitigate identified risks before initiating DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR context present many potential risk ddr practitioner shall therefore conduct risk assessment put place measure mitigate identified risk initiating ddr process ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.1 Safety and security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Prevention and release require considerations related to safety of children, families, communities, DDR practitioners and other staff delivering services for children. DDR processes for children may be implemented in locations where conflict is ongoing or escalating, or in fragile environments. Such contexts present many potential risks and DDR practitioners shall therefore conduct risk assessments and put in place measures to mitigate identified risks before initiating DDR processes. Particular consideration shall be given to the needs of girls and protection of all children from sexual exploitation and abuse. All staff of UN organizations delivering child protection services and organizing DDR processes shall adhere to the requirements of the Secretary-General\u2019s Bulletin on the Special Measures for Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (for UN entities) and the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Six Core Principles Relating to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse.DDR processes shall establish an organizational child protection policy and\/or safeguarding policy and an individual code of conduct that have clear, strong, and positive commitments to safeguard children and that outline appropriate standards of conduct, preventive measures, reporting, monitoring, investigation and corrective measures the Organization will take to protect participants and beneficiaries from sexual exploitation and abuse.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1072, "Sentence":"Particular consideration shall be given to the needs of girls and protection of all children from sexual exploitation and abuse.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR particular consideration shall given need girl protection child sexual exploitation abuse ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.1 Safety and security", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Prevention and release require considerations related to safety of children, families, communities, DDR practitioners and other staff delivering services for children. DDR processes for children may be implemented in locations where conflict is ongoing or escalating, or in fragile environments. Such contexts present many potential risks and DDR practitioners shall therefore conduct risk assessments and put in place measures to mitigate identified risks before initiating DDR processes. Particular consideration shall be given to the needs of girls and protection of all children from sexual exploitation and abuse. All staff of UN organizations delivering child protection services and organizing DDR processes shall adhere to the requirements of the Secretary-General\u2019s Bulletin on the Special Measures for Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (for UN entities) and the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Six Core Principles Relating to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse.DDR processes shall establish an organizational child protection policy and\/or safeguarding policy and an individual code of conduct that have clear, strong, and positive commitments to safeguard children and that outline appropriate standards of conduct, preventive measures, reporting, monitoring, investigation and corrective measures the Organization will take to protect participants and beneficiaries from sexual exploitation and abuse.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1072, "Sentence":"All staff of UN organizations delivering child protection services and organizing DDR processes shall adhere to the requirements of the Secretary-General\u2019s Bulletin on the Special Measures for Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (for UN entities) and the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Six Core Principles Relating to Sexual Exploitation and Abuse.DDR processes shall establish an organizational child protection policy and\/or safeguarding policy and an individual code of conduct that have clear, strong, and positive commitments to safeguard children and that outline appropriate standards of conduct, preventive measures, reporting, monitoring, investigation and corrective measures the Organization will take to protect participants and beneficiaries from sexual exploitation and abuse.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR staff un organization delivering child protection service organizing ddr process shall adhere requirement secretarygeneral \u2019 bulletin special measure protection sexual exploitation sexual abuse un entity interagency standing committee \u2019 six core principle relating sexual exploitation abuse.ddr process shall establish organizational child protection policy and\/or safeguarding policy individual code conduct clear strong positive commitment safeguard child outline appropriate standard conduct preventive measure reporting monitoring investigation corrective measure organization take protect participant beneficiary sexual exploitation abuse ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.2 Planning, assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all assumptions and decisions made during planning. Emphasis is often placed on the need to estimate the numbers of children in armed forces and groups in order to plan actions. While this is important, policymakers and planners should also recognize that it is difficult to obtain accurate figures. Uncertain estimates during planning, however, should not prevent DDR processes for children from being implemented, or from assuring that every child will have sustained reintegration support.Children shall not be included in the count of members of any armed force or group at the time of a DDR process, SSR, or power-sharing negotiations. Legitimacy shall not be given to child recruitment through the inclusion of children within DDR processes to inflate numbers, for example. However, as children will require services, for the purposes of planning the budget and the DDR process itself, children shall be included in the count of persons qualifying for demobilization and reintegration support.Many children who are formally or informally released or who have otherwise left armed forces or groups never have the opportunity to participate in child-sensitive DDR processes. This can happen when a child who flees an armed force or group is not aware of their rights or lives in an area where DDR processes are unavailable. Girls, in particular, may be at higher risk of this as they are often \u2018unseen\u2019 or viewed as dependents. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall understand and plan for this type of \u201cself-demobilization,\u201d and the difficulties associated with accessing children who have taken this route. If levels of informal release or separation are believed to be high (through informal knowledge, data collection or situation analysis), during the planning and design phases, in collaboration with child protection actors, DDR practitioners shall establish mechanisms to inform these children of their rights and enable access to reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1073, "Sentence":"The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all assumptions and decisions made during planning.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR best interest child shall primary consideration assumption decision made planning ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.2 Planning, assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all assumptions and decisions made during planning. Emphasis is often placed on the need to estimate the numbers of children in armed forces and groups in order to plan actions. While this is important, policymakers and planners should also recognize that it is difficult to obtain accurate figures. Uncertain estimates during planning, however, should not prevent DDR processes for children from being implemented, or from assuring that every child will have sustained reintegration support.Children shall not be included in the count of members of any armed force or group at the time of a DDR process, SSR, or power-sharing negotiations. Legitimacy shall not be given to child recruitment through the inclusion of children within DDR processes to inflate numbers, for example. However, as children will require services, for the purposes of planning the budget and the DDR process itself, children shall be included in the count of persons qualifying for demobilization and reintegration support.Many children who are formally or informally released or who have otherwise left armed forces or groups never have the opportunity to participate in child-sensitive DDR processes. This can happen when a child who flees an armed force or group is not aware of their rights or lives in an area where DDR processes are unavailable. Girls, in particular, may be at higher risk of this as they are often \u2018unseen\u2019 or viewed as dependents. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall understand and plan for this type of \u201cself-demobilization,\u201d and the difficulties associated with accessing children who have taken this route. If levels of informal release or separation are believed to be high (through informal knowledge, data collection or situation analysis), during the planning and design phases, in collaboration with child protection actors, DDR practitioners shall establish mechanisms to inform these children of their rights and enable access to reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1073, "Sentence":"Emphasis is often placed on the need to estimate the numbers of children in armed forces and groups in order to plan actions.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR emphasis often placed need estimate number child armed force group order plan action ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.2 Planning, assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all assumptions and decisions made during planning. Emphasis is often placed on the need to estimate the numbers of children in armed forces and groups in order to plan actions. While this is important, policymakers and planners should also recognize that it is difficult to obtain accurate figures. Uncertain estimates during planning, however, should not prevent DDR processes for children from being implemented, or from assuring that every child will have sustained reintegration support.Children shall not be included in the count of members of any armed force or group at the time of a DDR process, SSR, or power-sharing negotiations. Legitimacy shall not be given to child recruitment through the inclusion of children within DDR processes to inflate numbers, for example. However, as children will require services, for the purposes of planning the budget and the DDR process itself, children shall be included in the count of persons qualifying for demobilization and reintegration support.Many children who are formally or informally released or who have otherwise left armed forces or groups never have the opportunity to participate in child-sensitive DDR processes. This can happen when a child who flees an armed force or group is not aware of their rights or lives in an area where DDR processes are unavailable. Girls, in particular, may be at higher risk of this as they are often \u2018unseen\u2019 or viewed as dependents. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall understand and plan for this type of \u201cself-demobilization,\u201d and the difficulties associated with accessing children who have taken this route. If levels of informal release or separation are believed to be high (through informal knowledge, data collection or situation analysis), during the planning and design phases, in collaboration with child protection actors, DDR practitioners shall establish mechanisms to inform these children of their rights and enable access to reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1073, "Sentence":"While this is important, policymakers and planners should also recognize that it is difficult to obtain accurate figures.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR important policymakers planner also recognize difficult obtain accurate figure ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.2 Planning, assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all assumptions and decisions made during planning. Emphasis is often placed on the need to estimate the numbers of children in armed forces and groups in order to plan actions. While this is important, policymakers and planners should also recognize that it is difficult to obtain accurate figures. Uncertain estimates during planning, however, should not prevent DDR processes for children from being implemented, or from assuring that every child will have sustained reintegration support.Children shall not be included in the count of members of any armed force or group at the time of a DDR process, SSR, or power-sharing negotiations. Legitimacy shall not be given to child recruitment through the inclusion of children within DDR processes to inflate numbers, for example. However, as children will require services, for the purposes of planning the budget and the DDR process itself, children shall be included in the count of persons qualifying for demobilization and reintegration support.Many children who are formally or informally released or who have otherwise left armed forces or groups never have the opportunity to participate in child-sensitive DDR processes. This can happen when a child who flees an armed force or group is not aware of their rights or lives in an area where DDR processes are unavailable. Girls, in particular, may be at higher risk of this as they are often \u2018unseen\u2019 or viewed as dependents. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall understand and plan for this type of \u201cself-demobilization,\u201d and the difficulties associated with accessing children who have taken this route. If levels of informal release or separation are believed to be high (through informal knowledge, data collection or situation analysis), during the planning and design phases, in collaboration with child protection actors, DDR practitioners shall establish mechanisms to inform these children of their rights and enable access to reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1073, "Sentence":"Uncertain estimates during planning, however, should not prevent DDR processes for children from being implemented, or from assuring that every child will have sustained reintegration support.Children shall not be included in the count of members of any armed force or group at the time of a DDR process, SSR, or power-sharing negotiations.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR uncertain estimate planning however prevent ddr process child implemented assuring every child sustained reintegration support.children shall included count member armed force group time ddr process ssr powersharing negotiation ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.2 Planning, assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all assumptions and decisions made during planning. Emphasis is often placed on the need to estimate the numbers of children in armed forces and groups in order to plan actions. While this is important, policymakers and planners should also recognize that it is difficult to obtain accurate figures. Uncertain estimates during planning, however, should not prevent DDR processes for children from being implemented, or from assuring that every child will have sustained reintegration support.Children shall not be included in the count of members of any armed force or group at the time of a DDR process, SSR, or power-sharing negotiations. Legitimacy shall not be given to child recruitment through the inclusion of children within DDR processes to inflate numbers, for example. However, as children will require services, for the purposes of planning the budget and the DDR process itself, children shall be included in the count of persons qualifying for demobilization and reintegration support.Many children who are formally or informally released or who have otherwise left armed forces or groups never have the opportunity to participate in child-sensitive DDR processes. This can happen when a child who flees an armed force or group is not aware of their rights or lives in an area where DDR processes are unavailable. Girls, in particular, may be at higher risk of this as they are often \u2018unseen\u2019 or viewed as dependents. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall understand and plan for this type of \u201cself-demobilization,\u201d and the difficulties associated with accessing children who have taken this route. If levels of informal release or separation are believed to be high (through informal knowledge, data collection or situation analysis), during the planning and design phases, in collaboration with child protection actors, DDR practitioners shall establish mechanisms to inform these children of their rights and enable access to reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1073, "Sentence":"Legitimacy shall not be given to child recruitment through the inclusion of children within DDR processes to inflate numbers, for example.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR legitimacy shall given child recruitment inclusion child within ddr process inflate number example ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.2 Planning, assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all assumptions and decisions made during planning. Emphasis is often placed on the need to estimate the numbers of children in armed forces and groups in order to plan actions. While this is important, policymakers and planners should also recognize that it is difficult to obtain accurate figures. Uncertain estimates during planning, however, should not prevent DDR processes for children from being implemented, or from assuring that every child will have sustained reintegration support.Children shall not be included in the count of members of any armed force or group at the time of a DDR process, SSR, or power-sharing negotiations. Legitimacy shall not be given to child recruitment through the inclusion of children within DDR processes to inflate numbers, for example. However, as children will require services, for the purposes of planning the budget and the DDR process itself, children shall be included in the count of persons qualifying for demobilization and reintegration support.Many children who are formally or informally released or who have otherwise left armed forces or groups never have the opportunity to participate in child-sensitive DDR processes. This can happen when a child who flees an armed force or group is not aware of their rights or lives in an area where DDR processes are unavailable. Girls, in particular, may be at higher risk of this as they are often \u2018unseen\u2019 or viewed as dependents. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall understand and plan for this type of \u201cself-demobilization,\u201d and the difficulties associated with accessing children who have taken this route. If levels of informal release or separation are believed to be high (through informal knowledge, data collection or situation analysis), during the planning and design phases, in collaboration with child protection actors, DDR practitioners shall establish mechanisms to inform these children of their rights and enable access to reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1073, "Sentence":"However, as children will require services, for the purposes of planning the budget and the DDR process itself, children shall be included in the count of persons qualifying for demobilization and reintegration support.Many children who are formally or informally released or who have otherwise left armed forces or groups never have the opportunity to participate in child-sensitive DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR however child require service purpose planning budget ddr process child shall included count person qualifying demobilization reintegration support.many child formally informally released otherwise left armed force group never opportunity participate childsensitive ddr process ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.2 Planning, assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all assumptions and decisions made during planning. Emphasis is often placed on the need to estimate the numbers of children in armed forces and groups in order to plan actions. While this is important, policymakers and planners should also recognize that it is difficult to obtain accurate figures. Uncertain estimates during planning, however, should not prevent DDR processes for children from being implemented, or from assuring that every child will have sustained reintegration support.Children shall not be included in the count of members of any armed force or group at the time of a DDR process, SSR, or power-sharing negotiations. Legitimacy shall not be given to child recruitment through the inclusion of children within DDR processes to inflate numbers, for example. However, as children will require services, for the purposes of planning the budget and the DDR process itself, children shall be included in the count of persons qualifying for demobilization and reintegration support.Many children who are formally or informally released or who have otherwise left armed forces or groups never have the opportunity to participate in child-sensitive DDR processes. This can happen when a child who flees an armed force or group is not aware of their rights or lives in an area where DDR processes are unavailable. Girls, in particular, may be at higher risk of this as they are often \u2018unseen\u2019 or viewed as dependents. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall understand and plan for this type of \u201cself-demobilization,\u201d and the difficulties associated with accessing children who have taken this route. If levels of informal release or separation are believed to be high (through informal knowledge, data collection or situation analysis), during the planning and design phases, in collaboration with child protection actors, DDR practitioners shall establish mechanisms to inform these children of their rights and enable access to reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1073, "Sentence":"This can happen when a child who flees an armed force or group is not aware of their rights or lives in an area where DDR processes are unavailable.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR happen child flees armed force group aware right life area ddr process unavailable ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.2 Planning, assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all assumptions and decisions made during planning. Emphasis is often placed on the need to estimate the numbers of children in armed forces and groups in order to plan actions. While this is important, policymakers and planners should also recognize that it is difficult to obtain accurate figures. Uncertain estimates during planning, however, should not prevent DDR processes for children from being implemented, or from assuring that every child will have sustained reintegration support.Children shall not be included in the count of members of any armed force or group at the time of a DDR process, SSR, or power-sharing negotiations. Legitimacy shall not be given to child recruitment through the inclusion of children within DDR processes to inflate numbers, for example. However, as children will require services, for the purposes of planning the budget and the DDR process itself, children shall be included in the count of persons qualifying for demobilization and reintegration support.Many children who are formally or informally released or who have otherwise left armed forces or groups never have the opportunity to participate in child-sensitive DDR processes. This can happen when a child who flees an armed force or group is not aware of their rights or lives in an area where DDR processes are unavailable. Girls, in particular, may be at higher risk of this as they are often \u2018unseen\u2019 or viewed as dependents. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall understand and plan for this type of \u201cself-demobilization,\u201d and the difficulties associated with accessing children who have taken this route. If levels of informal release or separation are believed to be high (through informal knowledge, data collection or situation analysis), during the planning and design phases, in collaboration with child protection actors, DDR practitioners shall establish mechanisms to inform these children of their rights and enable access to reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1073, "Sentence":"Girls, in particular, may be at higher risk of this as they are often \u2018unseen\u2019 or viewed as dependents.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR girl particular may higher risk often \u2018 unseen \u2019 viewed dependent ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.2 Planning, assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all assumptions and decisions made during planning. Emphasis is often placed on the need to estimate the numbers of children in armed forces and groups in order to plan actions. While this is important, policymakers and planners should also recognize that it is difficult to obtain accurate figures. Uncertain estimates during planning, however, should not prevent DDR processes for children from being implemented, or from assuring that every child will have sustained reintegration support.Children shall not be included in the count of members of any armed force or group at the time of a DDR process, SSR, or power-sharing negotiations. Legitimacy shall not be given to child recruitment through the inclusion of children within DDR processes to inflate numbers, for example. However, as children will require services, for the purposes of planning the budget and the DDR process itself, children shall be included in the count of persons qualifying for demobilization and reintegration support.Many children who are formally or informally released or who have otherwise left armed forces or groups never have the opportunity to participate in child-sensitive DDR processes. This can happen when a child who flees an armed force or group is not aware of their rights or lives in an area where DDR processes are unavailable. Girls, in particular, may be at higher risk of this as they are often \u2018unseen\u2019 or viewed as dependents. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall understand and plan for this type of \u201cself-demobilization,\u201d and the difficulties associated with accessing children who have taken this route. If levels of informal release or separation are believed to be high (through informal knowledge, data collection or situation analysis), during the planning and design phases, in collaboration with child protection actors, DDR practitioners shall establish mechanisms to inform these children of their rights and enable access to reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1073, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall understand and plan for this type of \u201cself-demobilization,\u201d and the difficulties associated with accessing children who have taken this route.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr practitioner child protection actor shall understand plan type \u201c selfdemobilization \u201d difficulty associated accessing child taken route ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.2 Planning, assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all assumptions and decisions made during planning. Emphasis is often placed on the need to estimate the numbers of children in armed forces and groups in order to plan actions. While this is important, policymakers and planners should also recognize that it is difficult to obtain accurate figures. Uncertain estimates during planning, however, should not prevent DDR processes for children from being implemented, or from assuring that every child will have sustained reintegration support.Children shall not be included in the count of members of any armed force or group at the time of a DDR process, SSR, or power-sharing negotiations. Legitimacy shall not be given to child recruitment through the inclusion of children within DDR processes to inflate numbers, for example. However, as children will require services, for the purposes of planning the budget and the DDR process itself, children shall be included in the count of persons qualifying for demobilization and reintegration support.Many children who are formally or informally released or who have otherwise left armed forces or groups never have the opportunity to participate in child-sensitive DDR processes. This can happen when a child who flees an armed force or group is not aware of their rights or lives in an area where DDR processes are unavailable. Girls, in particular, may be at higher risk of this as they are often \u2018unseen\u2019 or viewed as dependents. DDR practitioners and child protection actors shall understand and plan for this type of \u201cself-demobilization,\u201d and the difficulties associated with accessing children who have taken this route. If levels of informal release or separation are believed to be high (through informal knowledge, data collection or situation analysis), during the planning and design phases, in collaboration with child protection actors, DDR practitioners shall establish mechanisms to inform these children of their rights and enable access to reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1073, "Sentence":"If levels of informal release or separation are believed to be high (through informal knowledge, data collection or situation analysis), during the planning and design phases, in collaboration with child protection actors, DDR practitioners shall establish mechanisms to inform these children of their rights and enable access to reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR level informal release separation believed high informal knowledge data collection situation analysis planning design phase collaboration child protection actor ddr practitioner shall establish mechanism inform child right enable access reintegration support ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.3 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Families and communities shall be sensitized on the experiences their children may have had during their association with an armed force or group and the changes they may see, without stigmatizing them. CAAFAG, both girls and boys, often experience high levels of abuse (sexual, physical, and emotional), neglect and distressing and events (e.g., exposure to and perpetration of violence, psychological and physical injury, etc.). They will require significant support from their families and communities to overcome these challenges, and it is therefore important that appropriate sensitization initiatives are in place to ensure that this support is understood and forthcoming.To increase children\u2019s awareness of their rights and the services available, DDR practitioners should use targeted gender- and age-sensitive public communication strategies such as public service announcement campaigns (radio, social media and print), child-friendly leaflet drops in strategic locations, peer messaging and coordination with grassroots service providers to reach children. It is critical for DDR practitioners to maintain regular communication with CAAFAG regarding release and reintegration processes and support, including services offered and eligibility criteria, any changes to the support provided (delays or alternative modes of service delivery), and the availability of other services and referrals. A lack of proper communication may lead to misunderstandings and frustration among children and community members and further conflict.Communications strategies should be highly flexible and responsive to changing situations and needs. Strategies should include providing opportunities for people to ask questions about DDR processes for children and involve credible and legitimate local actors (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). A well-designed communications strategy creates trust within the community and among the key actors involved in the response and facilitates maximum participation. In all communications, children\u2019s confidentiality shall be maintained, and their privacy protected.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1074, "Sentence":"Families and communities shall be sensitized on the experiences their children may have had during their association with an armed force or group and the changes they may see, without stigmatizing them.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR family community shall sensitized experience child may association armed force group change may see without stigmatizing ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.3 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Families and communities shall be sensitized on the experiences their children may have had during their association with an armed force or group and the changes they may see, without stigmatizing them. CAAFAG, both girls and boys, often experience high levels of abuse (sexual, physical, and emotional), neglect and distressing and events (e.g., exposure to and perpetration of violence, psychological and physical injury, etc.). They will require significant support from their families and communities to overcome these challenges, and it is therefore important that appropriate sensitization initiatives are in place to ensure that this support is understood and forthcoming.To increase children\u2019s awareness of their rights and the services available, DDR practitioners should use targeted gender- and age-sensitive public communication strategies such as public service announcement campaigns (radio, social media and print), child-friendly leaflet drops in strategic locations, peer messaging and coordination with grassroots service providers to reach children. It is critical for DDR practitioners to maintain regular communication with CAAFAG regarding release and reintegration processes and support, including services offered and eligibility criteria, any changes to the support provided (delays or alternative modes of service delivery), and the availability of other services and referrals. A lack of proper communication may lead to misunderstandings and frustration among children and community members and further conflict.Communications strategies should be highly flexible and responsive to changing situations and needs. Strategies should include providing opportunities for people to ask questions about DDR processes for children and involve credible and legitimate local actors (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). A well-designed communications strategy creates trust within the community and among the key actors involved in the response and facilitates maximum participation. In all communications, children\u2019s confidentiality shall be maintained, and their privacy protected.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1074, "Sentence":"CAAFAG, both girls and boys, often experience high levels of abuse (sexual, physical, and emotional), neglect and distressing and events (e.g., exposure to and perpetration of violence, psychological and physical injury, etc.).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR caafag girl boy often experience high level abuse sexual physical emotional neglect distressing event e.g . exposure perpetration violence psychological physical injury etc .." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.3 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Families and communities shall be sensitized on the experiences their children may have had during their association with an armed force or group and the changes they may see, without stigmatizing them. CAAFAG, both girls and boys, often experience high levels of abuse (sexual, physical, and emotional), neglect and distressing and events (e.g., exposure to and perpetration of violence, psychological and physical injury, etc.). They will require significant support from their families and communities to overcome these challenges, and it is therefore important that appropriate sensitization initiatives are in place to ensure that this support is understood and forthcoming.To increase children\u2019s awareness of their rights and the services available, DDR practitioners should use targeted gender- and age-sensitive public communication strategies such as public service announcement campaigns (radio, social media and print), child-friendly leaflet drops in strategic locations, peer messaging and coordination with grassroots service providers to reach children. It is critical for DDR practitioners to maintain regular communication with CAAFAG regarding release and reintegration processes and support, including services offered and eligibility criteria, any changes to the support provided (delays or alternative modes of service delivery), and the availability of other services and referrals. A lack of proper communication may lead to misunderstandings and frustration among children and community members and further conflict.Communications strategies should be highly flexible and responsive to changing situations and needs. Strategies should include providing opportunities for people to ask questions about DDR processes for children and involve credible and legitimate local actors (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). A well-designed communications strategy creates trust within the community and among the key actors involved in the response and facilitates maximum participation. In all communications, children\u2019s confidentiality shall be maintained, and their privacy protected.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1074, "Sentence":"They will require significant support from their families and communities to overcome these challenges, and it is therefore important that appropriate sensitization initiatives are in place to ensure that this support is understood and forthcoming.To increase children\u2019s awareness of their rights and the services available, DDR practitioners should use targeted gender- and age-sensitive public communication strategies such as public service announcement campaigns (radio, social media and print), child-friendly leaflet drops in strategic locations, peer messaging and coordination with grassroots service providers to reach children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR require significant support family community overcome challenge therefore important appropriate sensitization initiative place ensure support understood forthcoming.to increase child \u2019 awareness right service available ddr practitioner use targeted gender agesensitive public communication strategy public service announcement campaign radio social medium print childfriendly leaflet drop strategic location peer messaging coordination grassroots service provider reach child ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.3 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Families and communities shall be sensitized on the experiences their children may have had during their association with an armed force or group and the changes they may see, without stigmatizing them. CAAFAG, both girls and boys, often experience high levels of abuse (sexual, physical, and emotional), neglect and distressing and events (e.g., exposure to and perpetration of violence, psychological and physical injury, etc.). They will require significant support from their families and communities to overcome these challenges, and it is therefore important that appropriate sensitization initiatives are in place to ensure that this support is understood and forthcoming.To increase children\u2019s awareness of their rights and the services available, DDR practitioners should use targeted gender- and age-sensitive public communication strategies such as public service announcement campaigns (radio, social media and print), child-friendly leaflet drops in strategic locations, peer messaging and coordination with grassroots service providers to reach children. It is critical for DDR practitioners to maintain regular communication with CAAFAG regarding release and reintegration processes and support, including services offered and eligibility criteria, any changes to the support provided (delays or alternative modes of service delivery), and the availability of other services and referrals. A lack of proper communication may lead to misunderstandings and frustration among children and community members and further conflict.Communications strategies should be highly flexible and responsive to changing situations and needs. Strategies should include providing opportunities for people to ask questions about DDR processes for children and involve credible and legitimate local actors (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). A well-designed communications strategy creates trust within the community and among the key actors involved in the response and facilitates maximum participation. In all communications, children\u2019s confidentiality shall be maintained, and their privacy protected.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1074, "Sentence":"It is critical for DDR practitioners to maintain regular communication with CAAFAG regarding release and reintegration processes and support, including services offered and eligibility criteria, any changes to the support provided (delays or alternative modes of service delivery), and the availability of other services and referrals.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR critical ddr practitioner maintain regular communication caafag regarding release reintegration process support including service offered eligibility criterion change support provided delay alternative mode service delivery availability service referral ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.3 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Families and communities shall be sensitized on the experiences their children may have had during their association with an armed force or group and the changes they may see, without stigmatizing them. CAAFAG, both girls and boys, often experience high levels of abuse (sexual, physical, and emotional), neglect and distressing and events (e.g., exposure to and perpetration of violence, psychological and physical injury, etc.). They will require significant support from their families and communities to overcome these challenges, and it is therefore important that appropriate sensitization initiatives are in place to ensure that this support is understood and forthcoming.To increase children\u2019s awareness of their rights and the services available, DDR practitioners should use targeted gender- and age-sensitive public communication strategies such as public service announcement campaigns (radio, social media and print), child-friendly leaflet drops in strategic locations, peer messaging and coordination with grassroots service providers to reach children. It is critical for DDR practitioners to maintain regular communication with CAAFAG regarding release and reintegration processes and support, including services offered and eligibility criteria, any changes to the support provided (delays or alternative modes of service delivery), and the availability of other services and referrals. A lack of proper communication may lead to misunderstandings and frustration among children and community members and further conflict.Communications strategies should be highly flexible and responsive to changing situations and needs. Strategies should include providing opportunities for people to ask questions about DDR processes for children and involve credible and legitimate local actors (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). A well-designed communications strategy creates trust within the community and among the key actors involved in the response and facilitates maximum participation. In all communications, children\u2019s confidentiality shall be maintained, and their privacy protected.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1074, "Sentence":"A lack of proper communication may lead to misunderstandings and frustration among children and community members and further conflict.Communications strategies should be highly flexible and responsive to changing situations and needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR lack proper communication may lead misunderstanding frustration among child community member conflict.communications strategy highly flexible responsive changing situation need ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.3 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Families and communities shall be sensitized on the experiences their children may have had during their association with an armed force or group and the changes they may see, without stigmatizing them. CAAFAG, both girls and boys, often experience high levels of abuse (sexual, physical, and emotional), neglect and distressing and events (e.g., exposure to and perpetration of violence, psychological and physical injury, etc.). They will require significant support from their families and communities to overcome these challenges, and it is therefore important that appropriate sensitization initiatives are in place to ensure that this support is understood and forthcoming.To increase children\u2019s awareness of their rights and the services available, DDR practitioners should use targeted gender- and age-sensitive public communication strategies such as public service announcement campaigns (radio, social media and print), child-friendly leaflet drops in strategic locations, peer messaging and coordination with grassroots service providers to reach children. It is critical for DDR practitioners to maintain regular communication with CAAFAG regarding release and reintegration processes and support, including services offered and eligibility criteria, any changes to the support provided (delays or alternative modes of service delivery), and the availability of other services and referrals. A lack of proper communication may lead to misunderstandings and frustration among children and community members and further conflict.Communications strategies should be highly flexible and responsive to changing situations and needs. Strategies should include providing opportunities for people to ask questions about DDR processes for children and involve credible and legitimate local actors (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). A well-designed communications strategy creates trust within the community and among the key actors involved in the response and facilitates maximum participation. In all communications, children\u2019s confidentiality shall be maintained, and their privacy protected.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1074, "Sentence":"Strategies should include providing opportunities for people to ask questions about DDR processes for children and involve credible and legitimate local actors (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR strategy include providing opportunity people ask question ddr process child involve credible legitimate local actor see iddrs 4.60 public information strategic communication support ddr ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.3 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Families and communities shall be sensitized on the experiences their children may have had during their association with an armed force or group and the changes they may see, without stigmatizing them. CAAFAG, both girls and boys, often experience high levels of abuse (sexual, physical, and emotional), neglect and distressing and events (e.g., exposure to and perpetration of violence, psychological and physical injury, etc.). They will require significant support from their families and communities to overcome these challenges, and it is therefore important that appropriate sensitization initiatives are in place to ensure that this support is understood and forthcoming.To increase children\u2019s awareness of their rights and the services available, DDR practitioners should use targeted gender- and age-sensitive public communication strategies such as public service announcement campaigns (radio, social media and print), child-friendly leaflet drops in strategic locations, peer messaging and coordination with grassroots service providers to reach children. It is critical for DDR practitioners to maintain regular communication with CAAFAG regarding release and reintegration processes and support, including services offered and eligibility criteria, any changes to the support provided (delays or alternative modes of service delivery), and the availability of other services and referrals. A lack of proper communication may lead to misunderstandings and frustration among children and community members and further conflict.Communications strategies should be highly flexible and responsive to changing situations and needs. Strategies should include providing opportunities for people to ask questions about DDR processes for children and involve credible and legitimate local actors (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). A well-designed communications strategy creates trust within the community and among the key actors involved in the response and facilitates maximum participation. In all communications, children\u2019s confidentiality shall be maintained, and their privacy protected.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1074, "Sentence":"A well-designed communications strategy creates trust within the community and among the key actors involved in the response and facilitates maximum participation.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR welldesigned communication strategy creates trust within community among key actor involved response facilitates maximum participation ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.10 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.10.3 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Families and communities shall be sensitized on the experiences their children may have had during their association with an armed force or group and the changes they may see, without stigmatizing them. CAAFAG, both girls and boys, often experience high levels of abuse (sexual, physical, and emotional), neglect and distressing and events (e.g., exposure to and perpetration of violence, psychological and physical injury, etc.). They will require significant support from their families and communities to overcome these challenges, and it is therefore important that appropriate sensitization initiatives are in place to ensure that this support is understood and forthcoming.To increase children\u2019s awareness of their rights and the services available, DDR practitioners should use targeted gender- and age-sensitive public communication strategies such as public service announcement campaigns (radio, social media and print), child-friendly leaflet drops in strategic locations, peer messaging and coordination with grassroots service providers to reach children. It is critical for DDR practitioners to maintain regular communication with CAAFAG regarding release and reintegration processes and support, including services offered and eligibility criteria, any changes to the support provided (delays or alternative modes of service delivery), and the availability of other services and referrals. A lack of proper communication may lead to misunderstandings and frustration among children and community members and further conflict.Communications strategies should be highly flexible and responsive to changing situations and needs. Strategies should include providing opportunities for people to ask questions about DDR processes for children and involve credible and legitimate local actors (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). A well-designed communications strategy creates trust within the community and among the key actors involved in the response and facilitates maximum participation. In all communications, children\u2019s confidentiality shall be maintained, and their privacy protected.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1074, "Sentence":"In all communications, children\u2019s confidentiality shall be maintained, and their privacy protected.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR communication child \u2019 confidentiality shall maintained privacy protected ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall proactively seek to build the following key normative legal frameworks into DDR, from planning, design, and implementation to monitoring and evaluation.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1075, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall proactively seek to build the following key normative legal frameworks into DDR, from planning, design, and implementation to monitoring and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr practitioner shall proactively seek build following key normative legal framework ddr planning design implementation monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The CRC and its OPAC constitute the framework for the principles, norms and standards that underpin DDR processes for children. The CRC defines a \u2018child\u2019 as any human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. OPAC prohibits recruitment and use in hostilities of anybody under 18 years of age by armed groups. OPAC also obligates States Parties to set the minimum age of voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces as 15 years of age, establishes safeguards for the voluntary recruitment of persons below the age of 18, and asserts that State Parties take all feasible measures to ensure that members of the national armed forces that are under the age of 18 do not take part in direct hostilities.The rights of the child, as espoused through the CRC and its OPAC, further support the reintegration of CAAFAG through requiring States to promote: \\n The child's right to life, survival and development: This right is not limited to ensuring a child\u2019s physical wellbeing but includes the need to ensure full and harmonious development, including at the spiritual, moral and social levels, where education plays a key role. In respect to DDR processes for children, this shall include consideration of how a child\u2019s experience in conflict impacts upon his\/her own evolving capacities, as well as recognition of the resilience displayed in surviving and overcoming difficulties. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from arbitrary detention - No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. \\n The child\u2019s right to fair justice and fair treatment - States recognize the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child's age and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and the child's assuming a constructive role in society. States shall seek to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law, and, in particular \\n The physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims: States shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts. DDR practitioners shall work with States to ensure that recovery and reintegration takes place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child. Article 7 of the OPAC forms the legal basis for support to CAAFAG through the obligation of signatories to rehabilitate and socially reintegrate CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from discrimination: States shall ensure respect for the rights of all children within their jurisdiction \u2013 including non-national children \u2013 regardless of race, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, opinions, disability or any other status of the child or the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians. DDR practitioners shall pay particular attention to ensuring the full involvement and inclusion of girls and their children, as well as addressing any stigmatization of CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to participate: Children shall be allowed to express their opinions freely and participate in making decisions concerning family reunification and career and educational opportunities, and those opinions should be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. Children shall be consulted at all stages of the release and reintegration process, and actions that affect them shall be in their best interests, considering their needs and concerns, placement and family. \\n The child\u2019s best interests as a primary consideration: Actions that affect the child should be based on an assessment of whether those actions are in the child\u2019s best interests. As part of DDR processes for children, this shall mean that all measures to assure release, protection, reintegration and prevention of re-recruitment shall be determined by their best interests. A child shall participate in determining what is in his\/her best interests.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1076, "Sentence":"The CRC and its OPAC constitute the framework for the principles, norms and standards that underpin DDR processes for children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR crc opac constitute framework principle norm standard underpin ddr process child ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The CRC and its OPAC constitute the framework for the principles, norms and standards that underpin DDR processes for children. The CRC defines a \u2018child\u2019 as any human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. OPAC prohibits recruitment and use in hostilities of anybody under 18 years of age by armed groups. OPAC also obligates States Parties to set the minimum age of voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces as 15 years of age, establishes safeguards for the voluntary recruitment of persons below the age of 18, and asserts that State Parties take all feasible measures to ensure that members of the national armed forces that are under the age of 18 do not take part in direct hostilities.The rights of the child, as espoused through the CRC and its OPAC, further support the reintegration of CAAFAG through requiring States to promote: \\n The child's right to life, survival and development: This right is not limited to ensuring a child\u2019s physical wellbeing but includes the need to ensure full and harmonious development, including at the spiritual, moral and social levels, where education plays a key role. In respect to DDR processes for children, this shall include consideration of how a child\u2019s experience in conflict impacts upon his\/her own evolving capacities, as well as recognition of the resilience displayed in surviving and overcoming difficulties. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from arbitrary detention - No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. \\n The child\u2019s right to fair justice and fair treatment - States recognize the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child's age and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and the child's assuming a constructive role in society. States shall seek to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law, and, in particular \\n The physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims: States shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts. DDR practitioners shall work with States to ensure that recovery and reintegration takes place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child. Article 7 of the OPAC forms the legal basis for support to CAAFAG through the obligation of signatories to rehabilitate and socially reintegrate CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from discrimination: States shall ensure respect for the rights of all children within their jurisdiction \u2013 including non-national children \u2013 regardless of race, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, opinions, disability or any other status of the child or the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians. DDR practitioners shall pay particular attention to ensuring the full involvement and inclusion of girls and their children, as well as addressing any stigmatization of CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to participate: Children shall be allowed to express their opinions freely and participate in making decisions concerning family reunification and career and educational opportunities, and those opinions should be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. Children shall be consulted at all stages of the release and reintegration process, and actions that affect them shall be in their best interests, considering their needs and concerns, placement and family. \\n The child\u2019s best interests as a primary consideration: Actions that affect the child should be based on an assessment of whether those actions are in the child\u2019s best interests. As part of DDR processes for children, this shall mean that all measures to assure release, protection, reintegration and prevention of re-recruitment shall be determined by their best interests. A child shall participate in determining what is in his\/her best interests.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1076, "Sentence":"The CRC defines a \u2018child\u2019 as any human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR crc defines \u2018 child \u2019 human age 18 year unless law applicable child majority attained earlier ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The CRC and its OPAC constitute the framework for the principles, norms and standards that underpin DDR processes for children. The CRC defines a \u2018child\u2019 as any human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. OPAC prohibits recruitment and use in hostilities of anybody under 18 years of age by armed groups. OPAC also obligates States Parties to set the minimum age of voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces as 15 years of age, establishes safeguards for the voluntary recruitment of persons below the age of 18, and asserts that State Parties take all feasible measures to ensure that members of the national armed forces that are under the age of 18 do not take part in direct hostilities.The rights of the child, as espoused through the CRC and its OPAC, further support the reintegration of CAAFAG through requiring States to promote: \\n The child's right to life, survival and development: This right is not limited to ensuring a child\u2019s physical wellbeing but includes the need to ensure full and harmonious development, including at the spiritual, moral and social levels, where education plays a key role. In respect to DDR processes for children, this shall include consideration of how a child\u2019s experience in conflict impacts upon his\/her own evolving capacities, as well as recognition of the resilience displayed in surviving and overcoming difficulties. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from arbitrary detention - No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. \\n The child\u2019s right to fair justice and fair treatment - States recognize the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child's age and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and the child's assuming a constructive role in society. States shall seek to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law, and, in particular \\n The physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims: States shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts. DDR practitioners shall work with States to ensure that recovery and reintegration takes place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child. Article 7 of the OPAC forms the legal basis for support to CAAFAG through the obligation of signatories to rehabilitate and socially reintegrate CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from discrimination: States shall ensure respect for the rights of all children within their jurisdiction \u2013 including non-national children \u2013 regardless of race, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, opinions, disability or any other status of the child or the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians. DDR practitioners shall pay particular attention to ensuring the full involvement and inclusion of girls and their children, as well as addressing any stigmatization of CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to participate: Children shall be allowed to express their opinions freely and participate in making decisions concerning family reunification and career and educational opportunities, and those opinions should be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. Children shall be consulted at all stages of the release and reintegration process, and actions that affect them shall be in their best interests, considering their needs and concerns, placement and family. \\n The child\u2019s best interests as a primary consideration: Actions that affect the child should be based on an assessment of whether those actions are in the child\u2019s best interests. As part of DDR processes for children, this shall mean that all measures to assure release, protection, reintegration and prevention of re-recruitment shall be determined by their best interests. A child shall participate in determining what is in his\/her best interests.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1076, "Sentence":"OPAC prohibits recruitment and use in hostilities of anybody under 18 years of age by armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR opac prohibits recruitment use hostility anybody 18 year age armed group ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The CRC and its OPAC constitute the framework for the principles, norms and standards that underpin DDR processes for children. The CRC defines a \u2018child\u2019 as any human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. OPAC prohibits recruitment and use in hostilities of anybody under 18 years of age by armed groups. OPAC also obligates States Parties to set the minimum age of voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces as 15 years of age, establishes safeguards for the voluntary recruitment of persons below the age of 18, and asserts that State Parties take all feasible measures to ensure that members of the national armed forces that are under the age of 18 do not take part in direct hostilities.The rights of the child, as espoused through the CRC and its OPAC, further support the reintegration of CAAFAG through requiring States to promote: \\n The child's right to life, survival and development: This right is not limited to ensuring a child\u2019s physical wellbeing but includes the need to ensure full and harmonious development, including at the spiritual, moral and social levels, where education plays a key role. In respect to DDR processes for children, this shall include consideration of how a child\u2019s experience in conflict impacts upon his\/her own evolving capacities, as well as recognition of the resilience displayed in surviving and overcoming difficulties. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from arbitrary detention - No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. \\n The child\u2019s right to fair justice and fair treatment - States recognize the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child's age and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and the child's assuming a constructive role in society. States shall seek to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law, and, in particular \\n The physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims: States shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts. DDR practitioners shall work with States to ensure that recovery and reintegration takes place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child. Article 7 of the OPAC forms the legal basis for support to CAAFAG through the obligation of signatories to rehabilitate and socially reintegrate CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from discrimination: States shall ensure respect for the rights of all children within their jurisdiction \u2013 including non-national children \u2013 regardless of race, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, opinions, disability or any other status of the child or the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians. DDR practitioners shall pay particular attention to ensuring the full involvement and inclusion of girls and their children, as well as addressing any stigmatization of CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to participate: Children shall be allowed to express their opinions freely and participate in making decisions concerning family reunification and career and educational opportunities, and those opinions should be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. Children shall be consulted at all stages of the release and reintegration process, and actions that affect them shall be in their best interests, considering their needs and concerns, placement and family. \\n The child\u2019s best interests as a primary consideration: Actions that affect the child should be based on an assessment of whether those actions are in the child\u2019s best interests. As part of DDR processes for children, this shall mean that all measures to assure release, protection, reintegration and prevention of re-recruitment shall be determined by their best interests. A child shall participate in determining what is in his\/her best interests.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1076, "Sentence":"OPAC also obligates States Parties to set the minimum age of voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces as 15 years of age, establishes safeguards for the voluntary recruitment of persons below the age of 18, and asserts that State Parties take all feasible measures to ensure that members of the national armed forces that are under the age of 18 do not take part in direct hostilities.The rights of the child, as espoused through the CRC and its OPAC, further support the reintegration of CAAFAG through requiring States to promote: \\n The child's right to life, survival and development: This right is not limited to ensuring a child\u2019s physical wellbeing but includes the need to ensure full and harmonious development, including at the spiritual, moral and social levels, where education plays a key role.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR opac also obligates state party set minimum age voluntary recruitment person national armed force 15 year age establishes safeguard voluntary recruitment person age 18 asserts state party take feasible measure ensure member national armed force age 18 take part direct hostilities.the right child espoused crc opac support reintegration caafag requiring state promote n child right life survival development right limited ensuring child \u2019 physical wellbeing includes need ensure full harmonious development including spiritual moral social level education play key role ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The CRC and its OPAC constitute the framework for the principles, norms and standards that underpin DDR processes for children. The CRC defines a \u2018child\u2019 as any human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. OPAC prohibits recruitment and use in hostilities of anybody under 18 years of age by armed groups. OPAC also obligates States Parties to set the minimum age of voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces as 15 years of age, establishes safeguards for the voluntary recruitment of persons below the age of 18, and asserts that State Parties take all feasible measures to ensure that members of the national armed forces that are under the age of 18 do not take part in direct hostilities.The rights of the child, as espoused through the CRC and its OPAC, further support the reintegration of CAAFAG through requiring States to promote: \\n The child's right to life, survival and development: This right is not limited to ensuring a child\u2019s physical wellbeing but includes the need to ensure full and harmonious development, including at the spiritual, moral and social levels, where education plays a key role. In respect to DDR processes for children, this shall include consideration of how a child\u2019s experience in conflict impacts upon his\/her own evolving capacities, as well as recognition of the resilience displayed in surviving and overcoming difficulties. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from arbitrary detention - No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. \\n The child\u2019s right to fair justice and fair treatment - States recognize the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child's age and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and the child's assuming a constructive role in society. States shall seek to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law, and, in particular \\n The physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims: States shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts. DDR practitioners shall work with States to ensure that recovery and reintegration takes place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child. Article 7 of the OPAC forms the legal basis for support to CAAFAG through the obligation of signatories to rehabilitate and socially reintegrate CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from discrimination: States shall ensure respect for the rights of all children within their jurisdiction \u2013 including non-national children \u2013 regardless of race, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, opinions, disability or any other status of the child or the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians. DDR practitioners shall pay particular attention to ensuring the full involvement and inclusion of girls and their children, as well as addressing any stigmatization of CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to participate: Children shall be allowed to express their opinions freely and participate in making decisions concerning family reunification and career and educational opportunities, and those opinions should be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. Children shall be consulted at all stages of the release and reintegration process, and actions that affect them shall be in their best interests, considering their needs and concerns, placement and family. \\n The child\u2019s best interests as a primary consideration: Actions that affect the child should be based on an assessment of whether those actions are in the child\u2019s best interests. As part of DDR processes for children, this shall mean that all measures to assure release, protection, reintegration and prevention of re-recruitment shall be determined by their best interests. A child shall participate in determining what is in his\/her best interests.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1076, "Sentence":"In respect to DDR processes for children, this shall include consideration of how a child\u2019s experience in conflict impacts upon his\/her own evolving capacities, as well as recognition of the resilience displayed in surviving and overcoming difficulties.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR respect ddr process child shall include consideration child \u2019 experience conflict impact upon his\/her evolving capacity well recognition resilience displayed surviving overcoming difficulty ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The CRC and its OPAC constitute the framework for the principles, norms and standards that underpin DDR processes for children. The CRC defines a \u2018child\u2019 as any human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. OPAC prohibits recruitment and use in hostilities of anybody under 18 years of age by armed groups. OPAC also obligates States Parties to set the minimum age of voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces as 15 years of age, establishes safeguards for the voluntary recruitment of persons below the age of 18, and asserts that State Parties take all feasible measures to ensure that members of the national armed forces that are under the age of 18 do not take part in direct hostilities.The rights of the child, as espoused through the CRC and its OPAC, further support the reintegration of CAAFAG through requiring States to promote: \\n The child's right to life, survival and development: This right is not limited to ensuring a child\u2019s physical wellbeing but includes the need to ensure full and harmonious development, including at the spiritual, moral and social levels, where education plays a key role. In respect to DDR processes for children, this shall include consideration of how a child\u2019s experience in conflict impacts upon his\/her own evolving capacities, as well as recognition of the resilience displayed in surviving and overcoming difficulties. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from arbitrary detention - No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. \\n The child\u2019s right to fair justice and fair treatment - States recognize the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child's age and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and the child's assuming a constructive role in society. States shall seek to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law, and, in particular \\n The physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims: States shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts. DDR practitioners shall work with States to ensure that recovery and reintegration takes place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child. Article 7 of the OPAC forms the legal basis for support to CAAFAG through the obligation of signatories to rehabilitate and socially reintegrate CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from discrimination: States shall ensure respect for the rights of all children within their jurisdiction \u2013 including non-national children \u2013 regardless of race, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, opinions, disability or any other status of the child or the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians. DDR practitioners shall pay particular attention to ensuring the full involvement and inclusion of girls and their children, as well as addressing any stigmatization of CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to participate: Children shall be allowed to express their opinions freely and participate in making decisions concerning family reunification and career and educational opportunities, and those opinions should be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. Children shall be consulted at all stages of the release and reintegration process, and actions that affect them shall be in their best interests, considering their needs and concerns, placement and family. \\n The child\u2019s best interests as a primary consideration: Actions that affect the child should be based on an assessment of whether those actions are in the child\u2019s best interests. As part of DDR processes for children, this shall mean that all measures to assure release, protection, reintegration and prevention of re-recruitment shall be determined by their best interests. A child shall participate in determining what is in his\/her best interests.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1076, "Sentence":"\\n The child\u2019s right to be free from arbitrary detention - No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n child \u2019 right free arbitrary detention child shall deprived liberty unlawfully arbitrarily ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The CRC and its OPAC constitute the framework for the principles, norms and standards that underpin DDR processes for children. The CRC defines a \u2018child\u2019 as any human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. OPAC prohibits recruitment and use in hostilities of anybody under 18 years of age by armed groups. OPAC also obligates States Parties to set the minimum age of voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces as 15 years of age, establishes safeguards for the voluntary recruitment of persons below the age of 18, and asserts that State Parties take all feasible measures to ensure that members of the national armed forces that are under the age of 18 do not take part in direct hostilities.The rights of the child, as espoused through the CRC and its OPAC, further support the reintegration of CAAFAG through requiring States to promote: \\n The child's right to life, survival and development: This right is not limited to ensuring a child\u2019s physical wellbeing but includes the need to ensure full and harmonious development, including at the spiritual, moral and social levels, where education plays a key role. In respect to DDR processes for children, this shall include consideration of how a child\u2019s experience in conflict impacts upon his\/her own evolving capacities, as well as recognition of the resilience displayed in surviving and overcoming difficulties. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from arbitrary detention - No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. \\n The child\u2019s right to fair justice and fair treatment - States recognize the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child's age and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and the child's assuming a constructive role in society. States shall seek to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law, and, in particular \\n The physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims: States shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts. DDR practitioners shall work with States to ensure that recovery and reintegration takes place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child. Article 7 of the OPAC forms the legal basis for support to CAAFAG through the obligation of signatories to rehabilitate and socially reintegrate CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from discrimination: States shall ensure respect for the rights of all children within their jurisdiction \u2013 including non-national children \u2013 regardless of race, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, opinions, disability or any other status of the child or the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians. DDR practitioners shall pay particular attention to ensuring the full involvement and inclusion of girls and their children, as well as addressing any stigmatization of CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to participate: Children shall be allowed to express their opinions freely and participate in making decisions concerning family reunification and career and educational opportunities, and those opinions should be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. Children shall be consulted at all stages of the release and reintegration process, and actions that affect them shall be in their best interests, considering their needs and concerns, placement and family. \\n The child\u2019s best interests as a primary consideration: Actions that affect the child should be based on an assessment of whether those actions are in the child\u2019s best interests. As part of DDR processes for children, this shall mean that all measures to assure release, protection, reintegration and prevention of re-recruitment shall be determined by their best interests. A child shall participate in determining what is in his\/her best interests.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1076, "Sentence":"The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR arrest detention imprisonment child shall conformity law shall used measure last resort shortest appropriate period time ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The CRC and its OPAC constitute the framework for the principles, norms and standards that underpin DDR processes for children. The CRC defines a \u2018child\u2019 as any human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. OPAC prohibits recruitment and use in hostilities of anybody under 18 years of age by armed groups. OPAC also obligates States Parties to set the minimum age of voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces as 15 years of age, establishes safeguards for the voluntary recruitment of persons below the age of 18, and asserts that State Parties take all feasible measures to ensure that members of the national armed forces that are under the age of 18 do not take part in direct hostilities.The rights of the child, as espoused through the CRC and its OPAC, further support the reintegration of CAAFAG through requiring States to promote: \\n The child's right to life, survival and development: This right is not limited to ensuring a child\u2019s physical wellbeing but includes the need to ensure full and harmonious development, including at the spiritual, moral and social levels, where education plays a key role. In respect to DDR processes for children, this shall include consideration of how a child\u2019s experience in conflict impacts upon his\/her own evolving capacities, as well as recognition of the resilience displayed in surviving and overcoming difficulties. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from arbitrary detention - No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. \\n The child\u2019s right to fair justice and fair treatment - States recognize the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child's age and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and the child's assuming a constructive role in society. States shall seek to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law, and, in particular \\n The physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims: States shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts. DDR practitioners shall work with States to ensure that recovery and reintegration takes place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child. Article 7 of the OPAC forms the legal basis for support to CAAFAG through the obligation of signatories to rehabilitate and socially reintegrate CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from discrimination: States shall ensure respect for the rights of all children within their jurisdiction \u2013 including non-national children \u2013 regardless of race, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, opinions, disability or any other status of the child or the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians. DDR practitioners shall pay particular attention to ensuring the full involvement and inclusion of girls and their children, as well as addressing any stigmatization of CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to participate: Children shall be allowed to express their opinions freely and participate in making decisions concerning family reunification and career and educational opportunities, and those opinions should be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. Children shall be consulted at all stages of the release and reintegration process, and actions that affect them shall be in their best interests, considering their needs and concerns, placement and family. \\n The child\u2019s best interests as a primary consideration: Actions that affect the child should be based on an assessment of whether those actions are in the child\u2019s best interests. As part of DDR processes for children, this shall mean that all measures to assure release, protection, reintegration and prevention of re-recruitment shall be determined by their best interests. A child shall participate in determining what is in his\/her best interests.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1076, "Sentence":"\\n The child\u2019s right to fair justice and fair treatment - States recognize the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child's age and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and the child's assuming a constructive role in society.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n child \u2019 right fair justice fair treatment state recognize right every child alleged accused recognized infringed penal law treated manner consistent promotion child sense dignity worth reinforces child respect human right fundamental freedom others take account child age desirability promoting child reintegration child assuming constructive role society ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The CRC and its OPAC constitute the framework for the principles, norms and standards that underpin DDR processes for children. The CRC defines a \u2018child\u2019 as any human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. OPAC prohibits recruitment and use in hostilities of anybody under 18 years of age by armed groups. OPAC also obligates States Parties to set the minimum age of voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces as 15 years of age, establishes safeguards for the voluntary recruitment of persons below the age of 18, and asserts that State Parties take all feasible measures to ensure that members of the national armed forces that are under the age of 18 do not take part in direct hostilities.The rights of the child, as espoused through the CRC and its OPAC, further support the reintegration of CAAFAG through requiring States to promote: \\n The child's right to life, survival and development: This right is not limited to ensuring a child\u2019s physical wellbeing but includes the need to ensure full and harmonious development, including at the spiritual, moral and social levels, where education plays a key role. In respect to DDR processes for children, this shall include consideration of how a child\u2019s experience in conflict impacts upon his\/her own evolving capacities, as well as recognition of the resilience displayed in surviving and overcoming difficulties. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from arbitrary detention - No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. \\n The child\u2019s right to fair justice and fair treatment - States recognize the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child's age and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and the child's assuming a constructive role in society. States shall seek to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law, and, in particular \\n The physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims: States shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts. DDR practitioners shall work with States to ensure that recovery and reintegration takes place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child. Article 7 of the OPAC forms the legal basis for support to CAAFAG through the obligation of signatories to rehabilitate and socially reintegrate CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from discrimination: States shall ensure respect for the rights of all children within their jurisdiction \u2013 including non-national children \u2013 regardless of race, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, opinions, disability or any other status of the child or the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians. DDR practitioners shall pay particular attention to ensuring the full involvement and inclusion of girls and their children, as well as addressing any stigmatization of CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to participate: Children shall be allowed to express their opinions freely and participate in making decisions concerning family reunification and career and educational opportunities, and those opinions should be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. Children shall be consulted at all stages of the release and reintegration process, and actions that affect them shall be in their best interests, considering their needs and concerns, placement and family. \\n The child\u2019s best interests as a primary consideration: Actions that affect the child should be based on an assessment of whether those actions are in the child\u2019s best interests. As part of DDR processes for children, this shall mean that all measures to assure release, protection, reintegration and prevention of re-recruitment shall be determined by their best interests. A child shall participate in determining what is in his\/her best interests.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1076, "Sentence":"States shall seek to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law, and, in particular \\n The physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims: States shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR state shall seek promote establishment law procedure authority institution specifically applicable child alleged accused recognized infringed penal law particular n physical psychological recovery social reintegration child victim state shall take appropriate measure promote physical psychological recovery social reintegration child victim form neglect exploitation abuse torture form cruel inhuman degrading treatment punishment armed conflict ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The CRC and its OPAC constitute the framework for the principles, norms and standards that underpin DDR processes for children. The CRC defines a \u2018child\u2019 as any human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. OPAC prohibits recruitment and use in hostilities of anybody under 18 years of age by armed groups. OPAC also obligates States Parties to set the minimum age of voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces as 15 years of age, establishes safeguards for the voluntary recruitment of persons below the age of 18, and asserts that State Parties take all feasible measures to ensure that members of the national armed forces that are under the age of 18 do not take part in direct hostilities.The rights of the child, as espoused through the CRC and its OPAC, further support the reintegration of CAAFAG through requiring States to promote: \\n The child's right to life, survival and development: This right is not limited to ensuring a child\u2019s physical wellbeing but includes the need to ensure full and harmonious development, including at the spiritual, moral and social levels, where education plays a key role. In respect to DDR processes for children, this shall include consideration of how a child\u2019s experience in conflict impacts upon his\/her own evolving capacities, as well as recognition of the resilience displayed in surviving and overcoming difficulties. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from arbitrary detention - No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. \\n The child\u2019s right to fair justice and fair treatment - States recognize the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child's age and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and the child's assuming a constructive role in society. States shall seek to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law, and, in particular \\n The physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims: States shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts. DDR practitioners shall work with States to ensure that recovery and reintegration takes place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child. Article 7 of the OPAC forms the legal basis for support to CAAFAG through the obligation of signatories to rehabilitate and socially reintegrate CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from discrimination: States shall ensure respect for the rights of all children within their jurisdiction \u2013 including non-national children \u2013 regardless of race, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, opinions, disability or any other status of the child or the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians. DDR practitioners shall pay particular attention to ensuring the full involvement and inclusion of girls and their children, as well as addressing any stigmatization of CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to participate: Children shall be allowed to express their opinions freely and participate in making decisions concerning family reunification and career and educational opportunities, and those opinions should be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. Children shall be consulted at all stages of the release and reintegration process, and actions that affect them shall be in their best interests, considering their needs and concerns, placement and family. \\n The child\u2019s best interests as a primary consideration: Actions that affect the child should be based on an assessment of whether those actions are in the child\u2019s best interests. As part of DDR processes for children, this shall mean that all measures to assure release, protection, reintegration and prevention of re-recruitment shall be determined by their best interests. A child shall participate in determining what is in his\/her best interests.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1076, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall work with States to ensure that recovery and reintegration takes place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr practitioner shall work state ensure recovery reintegration take place environment foster health selfrespect dignity child ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The CRC and its OPAC constitute the framework for the principles, norms and standards that underpin DDR processes for children. The CRC defines a \u2018child\u2019 as any human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. OPAC prohibits recruitment and use in hostilities of anybody under 18 years of age by armed groups. OPAC also obligates States Parties to set the minimum age of voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces as 15 years of age, establishes safeguards for the voluntary recruitment of persons below the age of 18, and asserts that State Parties take all feasible measures to ensure that members of the national armed forces that are under the age of 18 do not take part in direct hostilities.The rights of the child, as espoused through the CRC and its OPAC, further support the reintegration of CAAFAG through requiring States to promote: \\n The child's right to life, survival and development: This right is not limited to ensuring a child\u2019s physical wellbeing but includes the need to ensure full and harmonious development, including at the spiritual, moral and social levels, where education plays a key role. In respect to DDR processes for children, this shall include consideration of how a child\u2019s experience in conflict impacts upon his\/her own evolving capacities, as well as recognition of the resilience displayed in surviving and overcoming difficulties. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from arbitrary detention - No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. \\n The child\u2019s right to fair justice and fair treatment - States recognize the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child's age and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and the child's assuming a constructive role in society. States shall seek to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law, and, in particular \\n The physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims: States shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts. DDR practitioners shall work with States to ensure that recovery and reintegration takes place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child. Article 7 of the OPAC forms the legal basis for support to CAAFAG through the obligation of signatories to rehabilitate and socially reintegrate CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from discrimination: States shall ensure respect for the rights of all children within their jurisdiction \u2013 including non-national children \u2013 regardless of race, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, opinions, disability or any other status of the child or the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians. DDR practitioners shall pay particular attention to ensuring the full involvement and inclusion of girls and their children, as well as addressing any stigmatization of CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to participate: Children shall be allowed to express their opinions freely and participate in making decisions concerning family reunification and career and educational opportunities, and those opinions should be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. Children shall be consulted at all stages of the release and reintegration process, and actions that affect them shall be in their best interests, considering their needs and concerns, placement and family. \\n The child\u2019s best interests as a primary consideration: Actions that affect the child should be based on an assessment of whether those actions are in the child\u2019s best interests. As part of DDR processes for children, this shall mean that all measures to assure release, protection, reintegration and prevention of re-recruitment shall be determined by their best interests. A child shall participate in determining what is in his\/her best interests.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1076, "Sentence":"Article 7 of the OPAC forms the legal basis for support to CAAFAG through the obligation of signatories to rehabilitate and socially reintegrate CAAFAG.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR article 7 opac form legal basis support caafag obligation signatory rehabilitate socially reintegrate caafag ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The CRC and its OPAC constitute the framework for the principles, norms and standards that underpin DDR processes for children. The CRC defines a \u2018child\u2019 as any human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. OPAC prohibits recruitment and use in hostilities of anybody under 18 years of age by armed groups. OPAC also obligates States Parties to set the minimum age of voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces as 15 years of age, establishes safeguards for the voluntary recruitment of persons below the age of 18, and asserts that State Parties take all feasible measures to ensure that members of the national armed forces that are under the age of 18 do not take part in direct hostilities.The rights of the child, as espoused through the CRC and its OPAC, further support the reintegration of CAAFAG through requiring States to promote: \\n The child's right to life, survival and development: This right is not limited to ensuring a child\u2019s physical wellbeing but includes the need to ensure full and harmonious development, including at the spiritual, moral and social levels, where education plays a key role. In respect to DDR processes for children, this shall include consideration of how a child\u2019s experience in conflict impacts upon his\/her own evolving capacities, as well as recognition of the resilience displayed in surviving and overcoming difficulties. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from arbitrary detention - No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. \\n The child\u2019s right to fair justice and fair treatment - States recognize the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child's age and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and the child's assuming a constructive role in society. States shall seek to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law, and, in particular \\n The physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims: States shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts. DDR practitioners shall work with States to ensure that recovery and reintegration takes place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child. Article 7 of the OPAC forms the legal basis for support to CAAFAG through the obligation of signatories to rehabilitate and socially reintegrate CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from discrimination: States shall ensure respect for the rights of all children within their jurisdiction \u2013 including non-national children \u2013 regardless of race, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, opinions, disability or any other status of the child or the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians. DDR practitioners shall pay particular attention to ensuring the full involvement and inclusion of girls and their children, as well as addressing any stigmatization of CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to participate: Children shall be allowed to express their opinions freely and participate in making decisions concerning family reunification and career and educational opportunities, and those opinions should be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. Children shall be consulted at all stages of the release and reintegration process, and actions that affect them shall be in their best interests, considering their needs and concerns, placement and family. \\n The child\u2019s best interests as a primary consideration: Actions that affect the child should be based on an assessment of whether those actions are in the child\u2019s best interests. As part of DDR processes for children, this shall mean that all measures to assure release, protection, reintegration and prevention of re-recruitment shall be determined by their best interests. A child shall participate in determining what is in his\/her best interests.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1076, "Sentence":"\\n The child\u2019s right to be free from discrimination: States shall ensure respect for the rights of all children within their jurisdiction \u2013 including non-national children \u2013 regardless of race, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, opinions, disability or any other status of the child or the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n child \u2019 right free discrimination state shall ensure respect right child within jurisdiction \u2013 including nonnational child \u2013 regardless race sex age religion ethnicity opinion disability status child child \u2019 parent legal guardian ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The CRC and its OPAC constitute the framework for the principles, norms and standards that underpin DDR processes for children. The CRC defines a \u2018child\u2019 as any human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. OPAC prohibits recruitment and use in hostilities of anybody under 18 years of age by armed groups. OPAC also obligates States Parties to set the minimum age of voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces as 15 years of age, establishes safeguards for the voluntary recruitment of persons below the age of 18, and asserts that State Parties take all feasible measures to ensure that members of the national armed forces that are under the age of 18 do not take part in direct hostilities.The rights of the child, as espoused through the CRC and its OPAC, further support the reintegration of CAAFAG through requiring States to promote: \\n The child's right to life, survival and development: This right is not limited to ensuring a child\u2019s physical wellbeing but includes the need to ensure full and harmonious development, including at the spiritual, moral and social levels, where education plays a key role. In respect to DDR processes for children, this shall include consideration of how a child\u2019s experience in conflict impacts upon his\/her own evolving capacities, as well as recognition of the resilience displayed in surviving and overcoming difficulties. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from arbitrary detention - No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. \\n The child\u2019s right to fair justice and fair treatment - States recognize the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child's age and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and the child's assuming a constructive role in society. States shall seek to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law, and, in particular \\n The physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims: States shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts. DDR practitioners shall work with States to ensure that recovery and reintegration takes place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child. Article 7 of the OPAC forms the legal basis for support to CAAFAG through the obligation of signatories to rehabilitate and socially reintegrate CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from discrimination: States shall ensure respect for the rights of all children within their jurisdiction \u2013 including non-national children \u2013 regardless of race, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, opinions, disability or any other status of the child or the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians. DDR practitioners shall pay particular attention to ensuring the full involvement and inclusion of girls and their children, as well as addressing any stigmatization of CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to participate: Children shall be allowed to express their opinions freely and participate in making decisions concerning family reunification and career and educational opportunities, and those opinions should be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. Children shall be consulted at all stages of the release and reintegration process, and actions that affect them shall be in their best interests, considering their needs and concerns, placement and family. \\n The child\u2019s best interests as a primary consideration: Actions that affect the child should be based on an assessment of whether those actions are in the child\u2019s best interests. As part of DDR processes for children, this shall mean that all measures to assure release, protection, reintegration and prevention of re-recruitment shall be determined by their best interests. A child shall participate in determining what is in his\/her best interests.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1076, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall pay particular attention to ensuring the full involvement and inclusion of girls and their children, as well as addressing any stigmatization of CAAFAG.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr practitioner shall pay particular attention ensuring full involvement inclusion girl child well addressing stigmatization caafag ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The CRC and its OPAC constitute the framework for the principles, norms and standards that underpin DDR processes for children. The CRC defines a \u2018child\u2019 as any human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. OPAC prohibits recruitment and use in hostilities of anybody under 18 years of age by armed groups. OPAC also obligates States Parties to set the minimum age of voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces as 15 years of age, establishes safeguards for the voluntary recruitment of persons below the age of 18, and asserts that State Parties take all feasible measures to ensure that members of the national armed forces that are under the age of 18 do not take part in direct hostilities.The rights of the child, as espoused through the CRC and its OPAC, further support the reintegration of CAAFAG through requiring States to promote: \\n The child's right to life, survival and development: This right is not limited to ensuring a child\u2019s physical wellbeing but includes the need to ensure full and harmonious development, including at the spiritual, moral and social levels, where education plays a key role. In respect to DDR processes for children, this shall include consideration of how a child\u2019s experience in conflict impacts upon his\/her own evolving capacities, as well as recognition of the resilience displayed in surviving and overcoming difficulties. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from arbitrary detention - No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. \\n The child\u2019s right to fair justice and fair treatment - States recognize the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child's age and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and the child's assuming a constructive role in society. States shall seek to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law, and, in particular \\n The physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims: States shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts. DDR practitioners shall work with States to ensure that recovery and reintegration takes place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child. Article 7 of the OPAC forms the legal basis for support to CAAFAG through the obligation of signatories to rehabilitate and socially reintegrate CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from discrimination: States shall ensure respect for the rights of all children within their jurisdiction \u2013 including non-national children \u2013 regardless of race, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, opinions, disability or any other status of the child or the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians. DDR practitioners shall pay particular attention to ensuring the full involvement and inclusion of girls and their children, as well as addressing any stigmatization of CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to participate: Children shall be allowed to express their opinions freely and participate in making decisions concerning family reunification and career and educational opportunities, and those opinions should be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. Children shall be consulted at all stages of the release and reintegration process, and actions that affect them shall be in their best interests, considering their needs and concerns, placement and family. \\n The child\u2019s best interests as a primary consideration: Actions that affect the child should be based on an assessment of whether those actions are in the child\u2019s best interests. As part of DDR processes for children, this shall mean that all measures to assure release, protection, reintegration and prevention of re-recruitment shall be determined by their best interests. A child shall participate in determining what is in his\/her best interests.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1076, "Sentence":"\\n The child\u2019s right to participate: Children shall be allowed to express their opinions freely and participate in making decisions concerning family reunification and career and educational opportunities, and those opinions should be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n child \u2019 right participate child shall allowed express opinion freely participate making decision concerning family reunification career educational opportunity opinion given due weight accordance age maturity child ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The CRC and its OPAC constitute the framework for the principles, norms and standards that underpin DDR processes for children. The CRC defines a \u2018child\u2019 as any human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. OPAC prohibits recruitment and use in hostilities of anybody under 18 years of age by armed groups. OPAC also obligates States Parties to set the minimum age of voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces as 15 years of age, establishes safeguards for the voluntary recruitment of persons below the age of 18, and asserts that State Parties take all feasible measures to ensure that members of the national armed forces that are under the age of 18 do not take part in direct hostilities.The rights of the child, as espoused through the CRC and its OPAC, further support the reintegration of CAAFAG through requiring States to promote: \\n The child's right to life, survival and development: This right is not limited to ensuring a child\u2019s physical wellbeing but includes the need to ensure full and harmonious development, including at the spiritual, moral and social levels, where education plays a key role. In respect to DDR processes for children, this shall include consideration of how a child\u2019s experience in conflict impacts upon his\/her own evolving capacities, as well as recognition of the resilience displayed in surviving and overcoming difficulties. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from arbitrary detention - No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. \\n The child\u2019s right to fair justice and fair treatment - States recognize the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child's age and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and the child's assuming a constructive role in society. States shall seek to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law, and, in particular \\n The physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims: States shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts. DDR practitioners shall work with States to ensure that recovery and reintegration takes place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child. Article 7 of the OPAC forms the legal basis for support to CAAFAG through the obligation of signatories to rehabilitate and socially reintegrate CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from discrimination: States shall ensure respect for the rights of all children within their jurisdiction \u2013 including non-national children \u2013 regardless of race, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, opinions, disability or any other status of the child or the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians. DDR practitioners shall pay particular attention to ensuring the full involvement and inclusion of girls and their children, as well as addressing any stigmatization of CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to participate: Children shall be allowed to express their opinions freely and participate in making decisions concerning family reunification and career and educational opportunities, and those opinions should be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. Children shall be consulted at all stages of the release and reintegration process, and actions that affect them shall be in their best interests, considering their needs and concerns, placement and family. \\n The child\u2019s best interests as a primary consideration: Actions that affect the child should be based on an assessment of whether those actions are in the child\u2019s best interests. As part of DDR processes for children, this shall mean that all measures to assure release, protection, reintegration and prevention of re-recruitment shall be determined by their best interests. A child shall participate in determining what is in his\/her best interests.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1076, "Sentence":"Children shall be consulted at all stages of the release and reintegration process, and actions that affect them shall be in their best interests, considering their needs and concerns, placement and family.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child shall consulted stage release reintegration process action affect shall best interest considering need concern placement family ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The CRC and its OPAC constitute the framework for the principles, norms and standards that underpin DDR processes for children. The CRC defines a \u2018child\u2019 as any human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. OPAC prohibits recruitment and use in hostilities of anybody under 18 years of age by armed groups. OPAC also obligates States Parties to set the minimum age of voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces as 15 years of age, establishes safeguards for the voluntary recruitment of persons below the age of 18, and asserts that State Parties take all feasible measures to ensure that members of the national armed forces that are under the age of 18 do not take part in direct hostilities.The rights of the child, as espoused through the CRC and its OPAC, further support the reintegration of CAAFAG through requiring States to promote: \\n The child's right to life, survival and development: This right is not limited to ensuring a child\u2019s physical wellbeing but includes the need to ensure full and harmonious development, including at the spiritual, moral and social levels, where education plays a key role. In respect to DDR processes for children, this shall include consideration of how a child\u2019s experience in conflict impacts upon his\/her own evolving capacities, as well as recognition of the resilience displayed in surviving and overcoming difficulties. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from arbitrary detention - No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. \\n The child\u2019s right to fair justice and fair treatment - States recognize the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child's age and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and the child's assuming a constructive role in society. States shall seek to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law, and, in particular \\n The physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims: States shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts. DDR practitioners shall work with States to ensure that recovery and reintegration takes place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child. Article 7 of the OPAC forms the legal basis for support to CAAFAG through the obligation of signatories to rehabilitate and socially reintegrate CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from discrimination: States shall ensure respect for the rights of all children within their jurisdiction \u2013 including non-national children \u2013 regardless of race, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, opinions, disability or any other status of the child or the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians. DDR practitioners shall pay particular attention to ensuring the full involvement and inclusion of girls and their children, as well as addressing any stigmatization of CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to participate: Children shall be allowed to express their opinions freely and participate in making decisions concerning family reunification and career and educational opportunities, and those opinions should be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. Children shall be consulted at all stages of the release and reintegration process, and actions that affect them shall be in their best interests, considering their needs and concerns, placement and family. \\n The child\u2019s best interests as a primary consideration: Actions that affect the child should be based on an assessment of whether those actions are in the child\u2019s best interests. As part of DDR processes for children, this shall mean that all measures to assure release, protection, reintegration and prevention of re-recruitment shall be determined by their best interests. A child shall participate in determining what is in his\/her best interests.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1076, "Sentence":"\\n The child\u2019s best interests as a primary consideration: Actions that affect the child should be based on an assessment of whether those actions are in the child\u2019s best interests.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n child \u2019 best interest primary consideration action affect child based assessment whether action child \u2019 best interest ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The CRC and its OPAC constitute the framework for the principles, norms and standards that underpin DDR processes for children. The CRC defines a \u2018child\u2019 as any human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. OPAC prohibits recruitment and use in hostilities of anybody under 18 years of age by armed groups. OPAC also obligates States Parties to set the minimum age of voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces as 15 years of age, establishes safeguards for the voluntary recruitment of persons below the age of 18, and asserts that State Parties take all feasible measures to ensure that members of the national armed forces that are under the age of 18 do not take part in direct hostilities.The rights of the child, as espoused through the CRC and its OPAC, further support the reintegration of CAAFAG through requiring States to promote: \\n The child's right to life, survival and development: This right is not limited to ensuring a child\u2019s physical wellbeing but includes the need to ensure full and harmonious development, including at the spiritual, moral and social levels, where education plays a key role. In respect to DDR processes for children, this shall include consideration of how a child\u2019s experience in conflict impacts upon his\/her own evolving capacities, as well as recognition of the resilience displayed in surviving and overcoming difficulties. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from arbitrary detention - No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. \\n The child\u2019s right to fair justice and fair treatment - States recognize the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child's age and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and the child's assuming a constructive role in society. States shall seek to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law, and, in particular \\n The physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims: States shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts. DDR practitioners shall work with States to ensure that recovery and reintegration takes place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child. Article 7 of the OPAC forms the legal basis for support to CAAFAG through the obligation of signatories to rehabilitate and socially reintegrate CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from discrimination: States shall ensure respect for the rights of all children within their jurisdiction \u2013 including non-national children \u2013 regardless of race, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, opinions, disability or any other status of the child or the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians. DDR practitioners shall pay particular attention to ensuring the full involvement and inclusion of girls and their children, as well as addressing any stigmatization of CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to participate: Children shall be allowed to express their opinions freely and participate in making decisions concerning family reunification and career and educational opportunities, and those opinions should be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. Children shall be consulted at all stages of the release and reintegration process, and actions that affect them shall be in their best interests, considering their needs and concerns, placement and family. \\n The child\u2019s best interests as a primary consideration: Actions that affect the child should be based on an assessment of whether those actions are in the child\u2019s best interests. As part of DDR processes for children, this shall mean that all measures to assure release, protection, reintegration and prevention of re-recruitment shall be determined by their best interests. A child shall participate in determining what is in his\/her best interests.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1076, "Sentence":"As part of DDR processes for children, this shall mean that all measures to assure release, protection, reintegration and prevention of re-recruitment shall be determined by their best interests.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR part ddr process child shall mean measure assure release protection reintegration prevention rerecruitment shall determined best interest ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.1 The convention on the rights of the child and its optional protocols", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The CRC and its OPAC constitute the framework for the principles, norms and standards that underpin DDR processes for children. The CRC defines a \u2018child\u2019 as any human being below the age of 18 years unless, under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. OPAC prohibits recruitment and use in hostilities of anybody under 18 years of age by armed groups. OPAC also obligates States Parties to set the minimum age of voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces as 15 years of age, establishes safeguards for the voluntary recruitment of persons below the age of 18, and asserts that State Parties take all feasible measures to ensure that members of the national armed forces that are under the age of 18 do not take part in direct hostilities.The rights of the child, as espoused through the CRC and its OPAC, further support the reintegration of CAAFAG through requiring States to promote: \\n The child's right to life, survival and development: This right is not limited to ensuring a child\u2019s physical wellbeing but includes the need to ensure full and harmonious development, including at the spiritual, moral and social levels, where education plays a key role. In respect to DDR processes for children, this shall include consideration of how a child\u2019s experience in conflict impacts upon his\/her own evolving capacities, as well as recognition of the resilience displayed in surviving and overcoming difficulties. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from arbitrary detention - No child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. The arrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time. \\n The child\u2019s right to fair justice and fair treatment - States recognize the right of every child alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child's sense of dignity and worth, which reinforces the child's respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others and which takes into account the child's age and the desirability of promoting the child's reintegration and the child's assuming a constructive role in society. States shall seek to promote the establishment of laws, procedures, authorities and institutions specifically applicable to children alleged as, accused of, or recognized as having infringed the penal law, and, in particular \\n The physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of child victims: States shall take all appropriate measures to promote physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration of a child victim of: any form of neglect, exploitation, or abuse; torture or any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; or armed conflicts. DDR practitioners shall work with States to ensure that recovery and reintegration takes place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the child. Article 7 of the OPAC forms the legal basis for support to CAAFAG through the obligation of signatories to rehabilitate and socially reintegrate CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to be free from discrimination: States shall ensure respect for the rights of all children within their jurisdiction \u2013 including non-national children \u2013 regardless of race, sex, age, religion, ethnicity, opinions, disability or any other status of the child or the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians. DDR practitioners shall pay particular attention to ensuring the full involvement and inclusion of girls and their children, as well as addressing any stigmatization of CAAFAG. \\n The child\u2019s right to participate: Children shall be allowed to express their opinions freely and participate in making decisions concerning family reunification and career and educational opportunities, and those opinions should be given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child. Children shall be consulted at all stages of the release and reintegration process, and actions that affect them shall be in their best interests, considering their needs and concerns, placement and family. \\n The child\u2019s best interests as a primary consideration: Actions that affect the child should be based on an assessment of whether those actions are in the child\u2019s best interests. As part of DDR processes for children, this shall mean that all measures to assure release, protection, reintegration and prevention of re-recruitment shall be determined by their best interests. A child shall participate in determining what is in his\/her best interests.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1076, "Sentence":"A child shall participate in determining what is in his\/her best interests.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child shall participate determining his\/her best interest ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.2 The worst forms of child labour convention", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Under Article 3 of the International Labour Organization Convention No. 182, States Parties shall take immediate and effective measures to secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, which include the forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict (a child being defined as a person under the age of 18). Under Article 7(b) the convention also requires States to prevent the engagement of children in the worst forms of child labour, and to provide the necessary and appropriate direct assistance for the removal of children from the worst forms of child labour and for their rehabilitation and reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1077, "Sentence":"Under Article 3 of the International Labour Organization Convention No.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR article 3 international labour organization convention ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.2 The worst forms of child labour convention", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Under Article 3 of the International Labour Organization Convention No. 182, States Parties shall take immediate and effective measures to secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, which include the forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict (a child being defined as a person under the age of 18). Under Article 7(b) the convention also requires States to prevent the engagement of children in the worst forms of child labour, and to provide the necessary and appropriate direct assistance for the removal of children from the worst forms of child labour and for their rehabilitation and reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1077, "Sentence":"182, States Parties shall take immediate and effective measures to secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, which include the forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict (a child being defined as a person under the age of 18).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR 182 state party shall take immediate effective measure secure prohibition elimination worst form child labour include forced compulsory recruitment child use armed conflict child defined person age 18 ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.2 The worst forms of child labour convention", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Under Article 3 of the International Labour Organization Convention No. 182, States Parties shall take immediate and effective measures to secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, which include the forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict (a child being defined as a person under the age of 18). Under Article 7(b) the convention also requires States to prevent the engagement of children in the worst forms of child labour, and to provide the necessary and appropriate direct assistance for the removal of children from the worst forms of child labour and for their rehabilitation and reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1077, "Sentence":"Under Article 7(b) the convention also requires States to prevent the engagement of children in the worst forms of child labour, and to provide the necessary and appropriate direct assistance for the removal of children from the worst forms of child labour and for their rehabilitation and reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR article 7b convention also requires state prevent engagement child worst form child labour provide necessary appropriate direct assistance removal child worst form child labour rehabilitation reintegration ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.1 International Human Rights Law", "Heading3":"5.1.3 African charter on the rights and welfare of the child", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (1990) requires that States take all necessary measures to ensure that no child shall take a direct part in hostilities and refrain, in particular, from recruiting any child (Article 22).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1078, "Sentence":"The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (1990) requires that States take all necessary measures to ensure that no child shall take a direct part in hostilities and refrain, in particular, from recruiting any child (Article 22).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR african charter right welfare child 1990 requires state take necessary measure ensure child shall take direct part hostility refrain particular recruiting child article 22 ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.2 International Humanitarian Law", "Heading3":"5.2.1 Additional protocols I and II to the Geneva conventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The Additional Protocols I (Article 77) and II (Article 4(3)) to the Geneva Conventions call for the special respect and protection of children in armed conflict (Rule 135), underscoring that children who have not attained the age of fifteen years, shall neither be recruited into armed forces or groups (Rule 136), nor be allowed to take part in hostilities (Rule 137).The protocols provide for additional special protection for children affected by armed conflict to include protection against all forms of sexual violence (Rule 93), separation from adults while deprived of liberty, unless they are members of the same family (Rule 120), access to education food and health care (Rules 55, 118, and 131), evacuation from areas of combat for safety reasons (Rule 129), reunification of unaccompanied children with their families (Rules 105 and 131), and application of the death penalty.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1079, "Sentence":"The Additional Protocols I (Article 77) and II (Article 4(3)) to the Geneva Conventions call for the special respect and protection of children in armed conflict (Rule 135), underscoring that children who have not attained the age of fifteen years, shall neither be recruited into armed forces or groups (Rule 136), nor be allowed to take part in hostilities (Rule 137).The protocols provide for additional special protection for children affected by armed conflict to include protection against all forms of sexual violence (Rule 93), separation from adults while deprived of liberty, unless they are members of the same family (Rule 120), access to education food and health care (Rules 55, 118, and 131), evacuation from areas of combat for safety reasons (Rule 129), reunification of unaccompanied children with their families (Rules 105 and 131), and application of the death penalty.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR additional protocol article 77 ii article 43 geneva convention call special respect protection child armed conflict rule 135 underscoring child attained age fifteen year shall neither recruited armed force group rule 136 allowed take part hostility rule 137.the protocol provide additional special protection child affected armed conflict include protection form sexual violence rule 93 separation adult deprived liberty unless member family rule 120 access education food health care rule 55 118 131 evacuation area combat safety reason rule 129 reunification unaccompanied child family rule 105 131 application death penalty ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.3 International Criminal Law", "Heading3":"5.3.1 The Rome statute of the international criminal court", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Article 8(2)(b)(xxvi) and 8(2)(e)(vii) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court makes it a war crime, leading to individual criminal prosecution, to conscript or enlist children under the age of 15 years into armed forces or groups or to use them to participate actively in hostilities, in both international and non-international armed conflicts.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1080, "Sentence":"Article 8(2)(b)(xxvi) and 8(2)(e)(vii) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court makes it a war crime, leading to individual criminal prosecution, to conscript or enlist children under the age of 15 years into armed forces or groups or to use them to participate actively in hostilities, in both international and non-international armed conflicts.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR article 82bxxvi 82evii rome statute international criminal court make war crime leading individual criminal prosecution conscript enlist child age 15 year armed force group use participate actively hostility international noninternational armed conflict ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.4 UN Security Council resolutions: engagement with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"5.4.1 Security Council Resolution 1539", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Security Council resolution 1539 (2004) calls for engaging armed forces and groups in dialogue leading to time-bound action plans to prevent and end grave violations against children, including the release of children. Those engaged in securing the release of children should make contact with armed forces and groups recruiting and using children, where it is safe to do so and in accordance with UN guidelines.3 Engagement with armed forces and groups will often occur as part of the Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism (MRM) led by the Country Task Force on Monitoring and Reporting. Those parties to the conflict that enter into dialogue with the UN can develop time- bound action plans, following their listing in the annexes of the Secretary General\u2019s annual report for grave violations against children (including the recruitment and use of children). The unconditional release of children, prevention of grave violations and awareness-raising on the issue of child recruitment and use, as well as other activities, shall be included in such action plans.Training and capacity building for armed forces or groups on their obligations under international law relating to the recruitment and use of children should be provided, including the identification and release of children, age assessment procedures to prevent child association, gender-based violence and other child protection concerns, and respect for humanitarian norms and principles.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1081, "Sentence":"Security Council resolution 1539 (2004) calls for engaging armed forces and groups in dialogue leading to time-bound action plans to prevent and end grave violations against children, including the release of children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR security council resolution 1539 2004 call engaging armed force group dialogue leading timebound action plan prevent end grave violation child including release child ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.4 UN Security Council resolutions: engagement with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"5.4.1 Security Council Resolution 1539", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Security Council resolution 1539 (2004) calls for engaging armed forces and groups in dialogue leading to time-bound action plans to prevent and end grave violations against children, including the release of children. Those engaged in securing the release of children should make contact with armed forces and groups recruiting and using children, where it is safe to do so and in accordance with UN guidelines.3 Engagement with armed forces and groups will often occur as part of the Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism (MRM) led by the Country Task Force on Monitoring and Reporting. Those parties to the conflict that enter into dialogue with the UN can develop time- bound action plans, following their listing in the annexes of the Secretary General\u2019s annual report for grave violations against children (including the recruitment and use of children). The unconditional release of children, prevention of grave violations and awareness-raising on the issue of child recruitment and use, as well as other activities, shall be included in such action plans.Training and capacity building for armed forces or groups on their obligations under international law relating to the recruitment and use of children should be provided, including the identification and release of children, age assessment procedures to prevent child association, gender-based violence and other child protection concerns, and respect for humanitarian norms and principles.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1081, "Sentence":"Those engaged in securing the release of children should make contact with armed forces and groups recruiting and using children, where it is safe to do so and in accordance with UN guidelines.3 Engagement with armed forces and groups will often occur as part of the Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism (MRM) led by the Country Task Force on Monitoring and Reporting.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR engaged securing release child make contact armed force group recruiting using child safe accordance un guidelines.3 engagement armed force group often occur part monitoring reporting mechanism mrm led country task force monitoring reporting ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.4 UN Security Council resolutions: engagement with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"5.4.1 Security Council Resolution 1539", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Security Council resolution 1539 (2004) calls for engaging armed forces and groups in dialogue leading to time-bound action plans to prevent and end grave violations against children, including the release of children. Those engaged in securing the release of children should make contact with armed forces and groups recruiting and using children, where it is safe to do so and in accordance with UN guidelines.3 Engagement with armed forces and groups will often occur as part of the Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism (MRM) led by the Country Task Force on Monitoring and Reporting. Those parties to the conflict that enter into dialogue with the UN can develop time- bound action plans, following their listing in the annexes of the Secretary General\u2019s annual report for grave violations against children (including the recruitment and use of children). The unconditional release of children, prevention of grave violations and awareness-raising on the issue of child recruitment and use, as well as other activities, shall be included in such action plans.Training and capacity building for armed forces or groups on their obligations under international law relating to the recruitment and use of children should be provided, including the identification and release of children, age assessment procedures to prevent child association, gender-based violence and other child protection concerns, and respect for humanitarian norms and principles.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1081, "Sentence":"Those parties to the conflict that enter into dialogue with the UN can develop time- bound action plans, following their listing in the annexes of the Secretary General\u2019s annual report for grave violations against children (including the recruitment and use of children).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR party conflict enter dialogue un develop time bound action plan following listing annex secretary general \u2019 annual report grave violation child including recruitment use child ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.4 UN Security Council resolutions: engagement with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"5.4.1 Security Council Resolution 1539", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Security Council resolution 1539 (2004) calls for engaging armed forces and groups in dialogue leading to time-bound action plans to prevent and end grave violations against children, including the release of children. Those engaged in securing the release of children should make contact with armed forces and groups recruiting and using children, where it is safe to do so and in accordance with UN guidelines.3 Engagement with armed forces and groups will often occur as part of the Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism (MRM) led by the Country Task Force on Monitoring and Reporting. Those parties to the conflict that enter into dialogue with the UN can develop time- bound action plans, following their listing in the annexes of the Secretary General\u2019s annual report for grave violations against children (including the recruitment and use of children). The unconditional release of children, prevention of grave violations and awareness-raising on the issue of child recruitment and use, as well as other activities, shall be included in such action plans.Training and capacity building for armed forces or groups on their obligations under international law relating to the recruitment and use of children should be provided, including the identification and release of children, age assessment procedures to prevent child association, gender-based violence and other child protection concerns, and respect for humanitarian norms and principles.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1081, "Sentence":"The unconditional release of children, prevention of grave violations and awareness-raising on the issue of child recruitment and use, as well as other activities, shall be included in such action plans.Training and capacity building for armed forces or groups on their obligations under international law relating to the recruitment and use of children should be provided, including the identification and release of children, age assessment procedures to prevent child association, gender-based violence and other child protection concerns, and respect for humanitarian norms and principles.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR unconditional release child prevention grave violation awarenessraising issue child recruitment use well activity shall included action plans.training capacity building armed force group obligation international law relating recruitment use child provided including identification release child age assessment procedure prevent child association genderbased violence child protection concern respect humanitarian norm principle ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.4 UN Security Council resolutions: engagement with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"5.4.2 Security Council Resolution 3427", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Security Council Resolution 2427 (2018) urges \u201cconcerned Member States to mainstream child protection and ensure that the specific needs of girls and boys are fully taken into account at all stages of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration processes (DDR), including through the development of a gender-and age-sensitive DDR process\u201d. The resolution also stresses the need to pay particular attention to the treatment of children associated or allegedly associated with all non-state armed groups, including those who commit acts of terrorism, in particular by establishing standard operating procedures for the rapid handover of these children to relevant civilian child protection actors.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1082, "Sentence":"Security Council Resolution 2427 (2018) urges \u201cconcerned Member States to mainstream child protection and ensure that the specific needs of girls and boys are fully taken into account at all stages of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration processes (DDR), including through the development of a gender-and age-sensitive DDR process\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR security council resolution 2427 2018 urge \u201c concerned member state mainstream child protection ensure specific need girl boy fully taken account stage disarmament demobilization reintegration process ddr including development genderand agesensitive ddr process \u201d ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.4 UN Security Council resolutions: engagement with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"5.4.2 Security Council Resolution 3427", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Security Council Resolution 2427 (2018) urges \u201cconcerned Member States to mainstream child protection and ensure that the specific needs of girls and boys are fully taken into account at all stages of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration processes (DDR), including through the development of a gender-and age-sensitive DDR process\u201d. The resolution also stresses the need to pay particular attention to the treatment of children associated or allegedly associated with all non-state armed groups, including those who commit acts of terrorism, in particular by establishing standard operating procedures for the rapid handover of these children to relevant civilian child protection actors.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1082, "Sentence":"The resolution also stresses the need to pay particular attention to the treatment of children associated or allegedly associated with all non-state armed groups, including those who commit acts of terrorism, in particular by establishing standard operating procedures for the rapid handover of these children to relevant civilian child protection actors.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR resolution also stress need pay particular attention treatment child associated allegedly associated nonstate armed group including commit act terrorism particular establishing standard operating procedure rapid handover child relevant civilian child protection actor ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.5 International Standards", "Heading3":"5.5.1 The Paris Principles and Paris commitments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The 2007 Paris Principles, building on the 1997 Cape Town Principles, detail eight general principles and eight operational principles to protect children. Specific consideration is given to girls and their particular needs and challenges. The Paris Principles aim to guide interventions with the following objectives: \\n To prevent the unlawful recruitment or use of children; and \\n To facilitate the release of CAAFAG; and \\n To facilitate the reintegration of all CAAFAG; and \\n To ensure the most protective environment for all children.The Paris Commitments \u2013 commitments to protect children from unlawful recruitment or use by armed forces or groups \u2013 supplement the Paris Principles and have two main priorities: (1) to put an end to the unlawful recruitment and use of children by armed forces and groups globally, and (2) to make all necessary efforts to uphold and apply the Paris Principles through political, diplomatic, humanitarian, technical assistance and funding roles, consistent with international obligations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1083, "Sentence":"The 2007 Paris Principles, building on the 1997 Cape Town Principles, detail eight general principles and eight operational principles to protect children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR 2007 paris principle building 1997 cape town principle detail eight general principle eight operational principle protect child ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.5 International Standards", "Heading3":"5.5.1 The Paris Principles and Paris commitments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The 2007 Paris Principles, building on the 1997 Cape Town Principles, detail eight general principles and eight operational principles to protect children. Specific consideration is given to girls and their particular needs and challenges. The Paris Principles aim to guide interventions with the following objectives: \\n To prevent the unlawful recruitment or use of children; and \\n To facilitate the release of CAAFAG; and \\n To facilitate the reintegration of all CAAFAG; and \\n To ensure the most protective environment for all children.The Paris Commitments \u2013 commitments to protect children from unlawful recruitment or use by armed forces or groups \u2013 supplement the Paris Principles and have two main priorities: (1) to put an end to the unlawful recruitment and use of children by armed forces and groups globally, and (2) to make all necessary efforts to uphold and apply the Paris Principles through political, diplomatic, humanitarian, technical assistance and funding roles, consistent with international obligations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1083, "Sentence":"Specific consideration is given to girls and their particular needs and challenges.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR specific consideration given girl particular need challenge ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.5 International Standards", "Heading3":"5.5.1 The Paris Principles and Paris commitments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The 2007 Paris Principles, building on the 1997 Cape Town Principles, detail eight general principles and eight operational principles to protect children. Specific consideration is given to girls and their particular needs and challenges. The Paris Principles aim to guide interventions with the following objectives: \\n To prevent the unlawful recruitment or use of children; and \\n To facilitate the release of CAAFAG; and \\n To facilitate the reintegration of all CAAFAG; and \\n To ensure the most protective environment for all children.The Paris Commitments \u2013 commitments to protect children from unlawful recruitment or use by armed forces or groups \u2013 supplement the Paris Principles and have two main priorities: (1) to put an end to the unlawful recruitment and use of children by armed forces and groups globally, and (2) to make all necessary efforts to uphold and apply the Paris Principles through political, diplomatic, humanitarian, technical assistance and funding roles, consistent with international obligations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1083, "Sentence":"The Paris Principles aim to guide interventions with the following objectives: \\n To prevent the unlawful recruitment or use of children; and \\n To facilitate the release of CAAFAG; and \\n To facilitate the reintegration of all CAAFAG; and \\n To ensure the most protective environment for all children.The Paris Commitments \u2013 commitments to protect children from unlawful recruitment or use by armed forces or groups \u2013 supplement the Paris Principles and have two main priorities: (1) to put an end to the unlawful recruitment and use of children by armed forces and groups globally, and (2) to make all necessary efforts to uphold and apply the Paris Principles through political, diplomatic, humanitarian, technical assistance and funding roles, consistent with international obligations.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR paris principle aim guide intervention following objective n prevent unlawful recruitment use child n facilitate release caafag n facilitate reintegration caafag n ensure protective environment children.the paris commitment \u2013 commitment protect child unlawful recruitment use armed force group \u2013 supplement paris principle two main priority 1 put end unlawful recruitment use child armed force group globally 2 make necessary effort uphold apply paris principle political diplomatic humanitarian technical assistance funding role consistent international obligation ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.5 International Standards", "Heading3":"5.5.2 \u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d for administration of Juvenile Justice", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Applicable in the context of CAAFAG, the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. When children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1084, "Sentence":"Applicable in the context of CAAFAG, the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR applicable context caafag un standard minimum rule administration juvenile justice adopted general assembly resolution 40\/33 1985 provide guidance arrest detention child ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.5 International Standards", "Heading3":"5.5.2 \u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d for administration of Juvenile Justice", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Applicable in the context of CAAFAG, the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. When children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1084, "Sentence":"Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child retain right already covered adult arrested ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.5 International Standards", "Heading3":"5.5.2 \u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d for administration of Juvenile Justice", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Applicable in the context of CAAFAG, the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. When children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1084, "Sentence":"The rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR rule require detention child last resort arrest detention imprisonment child avoided whenever possible ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.5 International Standards", "Heading3":"5.5.2 \u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d for administration of Juvenile Justice", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Applicable in the context of CAAFAG, the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. When children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1084, "Sentence":"When children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child arrested detained case given highest priority handled expeditiously ensure shortest possible period detention prior trial ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.5 International Standards", "Heading3":"5.5.2 \u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d for administration of Juvenile Justice", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Applicable in the context of CAAFAG, the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. When children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1084, "Sentence":"States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR state ensure accountability mechanism fully line international law related juvenile justice.international child right juvenile justice standard require alternative normal judicial proceeding criminal court applied providing human right legal safeguard fully respected crc article 403b rule 11 \u2018 beijing rule \u2019 ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.5 International Standards", "Heading3":"5.5.2 \u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d for administration of Juvenile Justice", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Applicable in the context of CAAFAG, the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. When children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1084, "Sentence":"For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR example restorative justice \u2013 achieved finding alternative criminal court \u2013 involves child offender understanding taking responsibility his\/her action goal achieving reconciliation offender victim wider community reparation ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.5 International Standards", "Heading3":"5.5.2 \u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d for administration of Juvenile Justice", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Applicable in the context of CAAFAG, the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. When children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1084, "Sentence":"Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR procedure ensure right child protected throughout ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.5 International Standards", "Heading3":"5.5.2 \u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d for administration of Juvenile Justice", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Applicable in the context of CAAFAG, the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. When children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1084, "Sentence":"The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child \u2019 participation restorative justice process shall voluntary preceded informed consent given child his\/her parent guardian ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Normative legal frameworks", "Heading2":"5.5 International Standards", "Heading3":"5.5.2 \u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d for administration of Juvenile Justice", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Applicable in the context of CAAFAG, the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. When children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1084, "Sentence":"Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR measure prevent child becoming distressed must place ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children require joint planning and coordination between DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services. Joint planning and coordination should be informed by a detailed situation analysis and by a number of Minimum Preparedness Actions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1085, "Sentence":"DDR processes for children require joint planning and coordination between DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr process child require joint planning coordination ddr practitioner child protection actor involved providing service ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"DDR processes for children require joint planning and coordination between DDR practitioners and child protection actors involved in providing services. Joint planning and coordination should be informed by a detailed situation analysis and by a number of Minimum Preparedness Actions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1085, "Sentence":"Joint planning and coordination should be informed by a detailed situation analysis and by a number of Minimum Preparedness Actions.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR joint planning coordination informed detailed situation analysis number minimum preparedness action ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR detailed situation analysis ass broad conflictrelated issue location political social dynamic cause impact etc ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR also specific impact child including disaggregation gender age location urbanrural ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR situation analysis critical identifying obstacle opportunity reintegration support ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR detailed situation analysis examine n\u00a7 objective tactic command structure\/management\/hierarchy armed force group n\u00a7 circumstance pattern cause condition mean extent child recruitment age gender n\u00a7 emotional psychological consequence child \u2019 living condition experience gendered dimension n\u00a7 attitude belief norm regarding gender identity armed force group community n\u00a7 attitude family community towards conflict extent resilience capacity n\u00a7 absorption capacity support service necessary community return particular family play critical role successful release reintegration effort n\u00a7 extent child \u2019 participation armed force group including role played gender age difference n\u00a7 child \u2019 need expectation aspiration n\u00a7 evident obstacle opportunity child youth reintegration consideration risk opportunity may arise future n\u00a7 need challenge working special group girl girl mother disabled child foreign child young child adolescent male survivor sexual violence 16 severely distressed child child displaying sign posttraumatic stress disorder unaccompanied separated children.ddr practitioner aware act asking child \u2019 community \u2019 wish assessment raise expectation managed honest service assistance may may ultimately provided ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR circumstance interviewer practitioner make promise give assurance certain deliver ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Neither should they make promises about actions others may take.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR neither make promise action others may take ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR suggested key question context analysis found box 1 see also iddrs 3.11 integrated assessments.box 1 key question context analysis n context" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR social political economic cultural origin conflict" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR perceived struggle liberation" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Is it limited to a particular part of the country?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR limited particular part country" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR involve particular group people generalized" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"What is the demographic composition of the population?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR demographic composition population" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR direct impact conflict child" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR impact different according background girl boy" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child perceived described stakeholder context" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"\\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n ideology armed force group" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Do its members have a political ideology?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR member political ideology" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Do they have political, social or other goals?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR political social goal" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR mean armed force\/group use pursue ideology" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"What are the gender dimensions of their ideology?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR gender dimension ideology" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Who supports the armed force\/group?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR support armed force\/group" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR level perceived legitimacy armed force\/group" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR age genderbased norm practice feature armed force\/group \u2019 ideology" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"\\n How is the armed force or group structured?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n armed force group structured" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Where is the locus of power?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR locus power" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"How many levels of hierarchy exist?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR many level hierarchy exist" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Does the leadership have tight control over its forces?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR leadership tight control force" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR role traditionally assigned child within force\/group" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child associated armed force group report" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Is reporting the same for boys and girls?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR reporting boy girl" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"How is authority\/rank established?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR authority\/rank established" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR make decision regarding movement armed force\/group" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR armed force\/group foreign sponsor company organization" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"\\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n armed force\/group focus particular ethnic religious geographic socioeconomic group recruitment" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Are children directly targeted for recruitment?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child directly targeted recruitment" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Are girls and boys targeted equally?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR girl boy targeted equally" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR particular reason armed force\/group may target recruitment girl boy" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR armed force\/group recruiting" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR recruitment \u2018 voluntary \u2019 forced compulsory" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR looking back three six twelve month recruitment increasing decreasing differ course year" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child promised anything join e.g . protection family money good weapon" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR proportion child armed force\/group" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"\\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n condition child live armed force\/group" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"How do the children feel about their conditions?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child feel condition" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR exploitation abuse long kind" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR boy girl affected differently recruitment use armed force\/group" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR kind work child perform armed force\/group" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR 17 child \u2019 behaviour changed result recruited" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Have their attitudes and values changed?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR attitude value changed" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR childrens perception armed force\/group recruitment" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"\\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n child recruited understand role conflict" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR perceived benefit child join armed forces\/groups i.e . status recognition addressing grievance" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"What are their expectations and aspirations for the future?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR expectation aspiration future" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR experience harnessed productive purpose" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"\\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n community feel impact conflict child" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR community view role child armed force group" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR impact likely child \u2019 reintegration" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR conflict affected perception role girl woman" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR community \u2019 perception sexual violence boy girl" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR people \u2019 understanding child \u2019 responsibility conflict" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR social cultural traditional practice exist help child \u2019 reintegration community" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR institution policy social group specific procedure service cater child \u2019 specific need" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"A detailed situation analysis should assess broad conflict-related issues (location, political and social dynamics, causes, impacts, etc.) but also the specific impacts on children, including disaggregation by gender, age and location (urban-rural). The situation analysis is critical to identifying obstacles to, and opportunities for, reintegration support. A detailed situation analysis should examine: \\n\u00a7 The objectives, tactics and command structure\/management\/hierarchy of the armed force or group; \\n\u00a7 The circumstances, patterns, causes, conditions, means and extent of child recruitment by age and gender; \\n\u00a7 The emotional and psychological consequences of children\u2019s living conditions and experiences and their gendered dimensions; \\n\u00a7 Attitudes, beliefs and norms regarding gender identities in armed forces and groups and in the community; \\n\u00a7 The attitudes of families and communities towards the conflict, and the extent of their resilience and capacities; \\n\u00a7 The absorption capacity of and support services necessary in communities of return, in particular families, which play a critical role in successful release and reintegration efforts; \\n\u00a7 The extent of children\u2019s participation in armed forces and groups, including roles played and gender, age or other differences; \\n\u00a7 Children\u2019s needs, expectations, and aspirations; \\n\u00a7 The evident obstacles to, and opportunities for, child and youth reintegration, with consideration of what risks and opportunities may arise in the future; and \\n\u00a7 The needs of, and challenges of working with, special groups (girls, girl mothers, disabled children, foreign children, young children, adolescents, male survivors of sexual violence, 16 severely distressed children, children displaying signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and unaccompanied and separated children).DDR practitioners should be aware that the act of asking about children\u2019s and communities\u2019 wishes through assessments can raise expectations, which can only be managed by being honest about which services or assistance may or may not ultimately be provided. Under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not certain they can deliver. Neither should they make promises about actions others may take. Some suggested key questions for context analysis can be found in Box 1 (see also IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).BOX 1: KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONTEXT ANALYSIS \\n What is the context? What are the social, political, economic and cultural origins of the conflict? Is it perceived as a struggle for liberation? Is it limited to a particular part of the country? Does it involve particular groups or people, or is it more generalized? What is the demographic composition of the population? What are the direct impacts of the conflict on children? Are the impacts different according to the background of the girls or boys? How are children perceived or described by other stakeholders in the context? \\n What is the ideology of the armed force or group? Do its members have a political ideology? Do they have political, social or other goals? What means does the armed force\/group use to pursue its ideology? What are the gender dimensions of their ideology? Who supports the armed force\/group? What is the level of perceived legitimacy of the armed force\/group? How does age- and gender-based norms and practices feature in the armed force\/group\u2019s ideology? \\n How is the armed force or group structured? Where is the locus of power? How many levels of hierarchy exist? Does the leadership have tight control over its forces? What roles are traditionally assigned to children within the force\/group? Whom do children associated with armed forces and groups report to? Is reporting the same for boys and girls? How is authority\/rank established? Who makes decisions regarding the movements of the armed force\/group? Has the armed force\/group had foreign sponsors (companies, organizations)? \\n Does the armed force\/group focus on particular ethnic, religious, geographic or socioeconomic groups for recruitment? Are children directly targeted for recruitment? Are girls and boys targeted equally? Is there a particular reason why the armed force\/group may target the recruitment of girls and boys? Where does the armed force\/group do most of its recruiting? Is recruitment \u2018voluntary\u2019, forced or compulsory? Looking back over three, six and twelve months, has recruitment been increasing or decreasing, and does it differ over the course of the year? Are children promised anything when they join up (e.g., protection for their families, money, goods, weapons)? What is the proportion of children in the armed force\/group? \\n What conditions did the children live in while in the armed force\/group? How do the children feel about their conditions? Was there exploitation or abuse, and if so, for how long and of what kind? How are boys and girls affected differently by their recruitment and use by the armed force\/group? What kind of work did children perform in the armed force\/group? How has 17 children\u2019s behaviour changed as a result of being recruited? Have their attitudes and values changed? What were the children's perceptions of the armed force\/group before recruitment? \\n How do children recruited understand their role in the conflict? Are there any perceived benefits for children to join armed forces\/groups (i.e., status recognition, addressing grievances)? What are their expectations and aspirations for the future? How can their experiences be harnessed for productive purposes? \\n What do the communities feel about the impact of the conflict on children? How do communities view the role of children in armed forces and groups? What impact is this likely to have on the children\u2019s reintegration? How has the conflict affected perceptions of the roles of girls and women? What are the community\u2019s perceptions of sexual violence against boys and girls? What is the people\u2019s understanding of children\u2019s responsibility in the conflict? What social, cultural and traditional practices exist to help children\u2019s reintegration into their communities? Do institutions, policies and social groups have specific procedures or services to cater for children\u2019s specific needs? How familiar are children with these practices?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1086, "Sentence":"How familiar are children with these practices?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR familiar child practice" }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR addition context analysis ddr practitioner child protection actor take following minimum preparedness action consideration planning ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR action outlined informed interagency standing committee \u2019 emergency response preparedness guideline 2015 n risk monitoring activity ongoing throughout implementation based initial risk assessment ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR plan developed detailing action conducted ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR caafag specific risk might include rerecruitment lack access ddr process unidentified psychosocial trauma family community abuse stigmatization sexual genderbased violence ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR risk monitoring specifically consider need girl age ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"\\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n risk monitoring especially critical child selfdemobilize return community ongoing conflict ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR result disaggregated ensure girl particularly vulnerable group considered ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"\\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n clearly defined coordination management arrangement critical ensuring childsensitive approach ddr process particularly given complexity process need transparency accountability generate community support ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr process child involve number agency stakeholder national international require comprehensive planning regarding body coordinate report ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR opportunity child able report provide feedback ddr process safe confidential manner shall ensured ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR moreover exit strategy feature within coordinated approach ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"\\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n need assessment information management response monitoring arrangement must central planning process ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR need boy girl caafag multifaceted may change time ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR robust need assessment ongoing monitoring reintegration process child essential minimize risk identify opportunity extended support ensure effective 18 protection child \u2013 especially vulnerable child \u2013 involved ddr ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR effective information management priority include disaggregated data age sex ethnicity location valid variable enable ddr practitioner child protection actor proactively adapt approach need emerge ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR important note organization working child fully respect right confidentiality data subject act accordance \u201c harm \u201d principle best interest child ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"\\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n case management system communitybased ideally fit within existing communitybased structure ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR case management system used tailor type support child need link sexual and\/or genderbased violence case management system provide specialized support child need ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR reintegration child tailored individual need child time case management system best address need build case management system community long term ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"\\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n reintegration opportunity service including market analysis critical inform effective response support sustainable economic reintegration child ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR used conjunction socioeconomic profile enable development solution meet market demand well expectation child participant beneficiary taking account gendered sociocultural dynamic ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR see iddrs 5.30 youth ddr section 7 8 information ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"\\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n operational capacity arrangement deliver reintegration outcome ensure protection essential ddr process child ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR plan put place enhance institutional capacity relevant stakeholder including un agency national local government civil society sectors\/clusters necessary ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR negotiation capacity also considered situation child continue retained armed force group ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR capacity local service provider business community directly involved daily basis reintegration process also supported ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In addition to the context analysis, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should take the following Minimum Preparedness Actions into consideration when planning. These actions (outlined below) are informed by the Interagency Standing Committee\u2019s Emergency Response Preparedness Guidelines (2015): \\n Risk monitoring is an activity that should be ongoing throughout implementation, based on initial risk assessments. Plans should be developed detailing how this action will be conducted. For CAAFAG, specific risks might include (re-)recruitment; lack of access to DDR processes; unidentified psychosocial trauma; family or community abuse; stigmatization; and sexual and gender-based violence. Risk monitoring should specifically consider the needs of girls of all ages. \\n Risk monitoring is especially critical when children self-demobilize and return to communities during ongoing conflict. Results should be disaggregated to ensure that girls and other particularly vulnerable groups are considered. \\n Clearly defined coordination and management arrangements are critical to ensuring a child-sensitive approach for DDR processes, particularly given the complexity of the process and the need for transparency and accountability to generate community support. DDR processes for children involve a number of agencies and stakeholders (national and international) and require comprehensive planning regarding how these bodies will coordinate and report. The opportunity for children to be able to report and provide feedback on DDR processes in a safe and confidential manner shall be ensured. Moreover, an exit strategy should feature within a coordinated approach. \\n Needs assessments, information management and response monitoring arrangements must be central to any planning process. The needs of boy and girl CAAFAG are multifaceted and may change over time. A robust needs assessment and ongoing monitoring of the reintegration process for children is essential to minimize risk, identify opportunities for extended support and ensure the effective 18 protection of all children \u2013 especially vulnerable children \u2013 involved in DDR. Effective information management should be a priority and should include disaggregated data (by age, sex, ethnicity, location, or any other valid variable) to enable DDR practitioners and child protection actors to proactively adapt their approaches as needs emerge. It is important to note that all organizations working with children should fully respect the rights and confidentiality of data subjects, and act in accordance with the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle and the best interests of children. \\n Case management systems should be community-based and, ideally, fit within existing community-based structures. Case management systems should be used to tailor the types of support that each child needs and should link to sexual and\/or gender-based violence case management systems that provide specialized support for children who need it. Because reintegration of children is tailored to the individual needs of a child over time, a case management system is best to both address those needs and to build up case management systems in communities for the long term. \\n Reintegration opportunities and services, including market analysis are critical to inform an effective response that supports the sustainable economic reintegration of children. They should be used in conjunction with socioeconomic profiles to enable the development of solutions that meet market demand as well as the expectations of child participants and beneficiaries, taking into account gendered socio-cultural dynamics. See IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR, sections 7 and 8, for more information. \\n Operational capacity and arrangements to deliver reintegration outcomes and ensure protection are essential to DDR processes for children. Plans should be put in place to enhance the institutional capacity of relevant stakeholders (including UN agencies, national and local Governments, civil society and sectors\/clusters) where necessary. Negotiation capacity should also be considered in situations where children continue to be retained by armed forces and groups. The capacity of local service providers, businesses and communities, all of which will be directly involved on a daily basis in the reintegration process, should also be supported. \\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1087, "Sentence":"\\n Contingency plans, linked to the risk analysis and monitoring system, should be developed to ensure that DDR processes for children retain enough flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n contingency plan linked risk analysis monitoring system developed ensure ddr process child retain enough flexibility adapt changing circumstance ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Data is critical to the design and implementation of DDR processes for children. Information on a child\u2019s identity, family, the history of their recruitment and experience in their armed force or group, and their additional needs shall be collected by trained child protection personnel as early as possible and safely stored. All data shall be sex-disaggregated to ensure that DDR processes are able to effectively respond to gendered concerns.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1088, "Sentence":"Data is critical to the design and implementation of DDR processes for children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR data critical design implementation ddr process child ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Data is critical to the design and implementation of DDR processes for children. Information on a child\u2019s identity, family, the history of their recruitment and experience in their armed force or group, and their additional needs shall be collected by trained child protection personnel as early as possible and safely stored. All data shall be sex-disaggregated to ensure that DDR processes are able to effectively respond to gendered concerns.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1088, "Sentence":"Information on a child\u2019s identity, family, the history of their recruitment and experience in their armed force or group, and their additional needs shall be collected by trained child protection personnel as early as possible and safely stored.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR information child \u2019 identity family history recruitment experience armed force group additional need shall collected trained child protection personnel early possible safely stored ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Data is critical to the design and implementation of DDR processes for children. Information on a child\u2019s identity, family, the history of their recruitment and experience in their armed force or group, and their additional needs shall be collected by trained child protection personnel as early as possible and safely stored. All data shall be sex-disaggregated to ensure that DDR processes are able to effectively respond to gendered concerns.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1088, "Sentence":"All data shall be sex-disaggregated to ensure that DDR processes are able to effectively respond to gendered concerns.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR data shall sexdisaggregated ensure ddr process able effectively respond gendered concern ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR information collected caafag shall used deliver service child design implement child gendersensitive ddr process ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR actor often try obtain 19 actionable military intelligence information armed opposition group demobilized child may interrogate child view threat ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR action could amount violation child right place child danger may undermine release process ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR paris principle article 7.25 expressly state \u201c interview never conducted collect information military purposes. \u201d addition security council resolution 2427 2018 state caafag treated victim violation international law ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR commitment shall obtained government child handed civilian child protection authority soon possible military information sought circumstance ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR interview necessary legitimate purpose individual possible interview child eliminate risk harm stem repeated interviewing ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR interviewer shall trained child protection actor skilled interviewing children.the security council expressed \u201c grave concern use detained child information gathering purposes. \u201d unscr 2427 op 20 therefore interview caafag shall carried utmost concern child \u2019 privacy dignity confidentiality ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR providing information child caregiver shall fully informed purpose information gathering information used kept confidential ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR voluntary informed consent shall required proceeding interview child shall informed may stop interview time without need give reason ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child protection agency and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support guidance direction interview ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR parent guardian available trusted adult shall provided interview undertake role protecting child \u2019 interests.interviews shall conducted mother tongue child pace set ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR question shall posed childfriendly ageappropriate language rephrased necessary information received clarified ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR information sensitive child provide may subject threat ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child usually aware threat face may provide misleading information try protect ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR fear shall identified measure deal shall developed ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR security key concern informed security risk assessment ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR interview staff shall pay attention plan safeguard child anyone may intimidate threaten ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR interview child shall carried safe place ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child wish stop interview begin display sign distress interview shall stopped immediately ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR safeguard child interviewer adult shall conduct interview alone child mixed gender team shall provided ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Data collection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Information collected from CAAFAG shall be used only to deliver services to children and to design and implement child- and gender-sensitive DDR processes. Other actors often try to obtain 19 actionable military or intelligence information on armed opposition groups from demobilized children or may interrogate children as they view them as threats. Such actions could amount to a violation of child rights, as it places children in danger and may undermine the release process. The Paris Principles (Article 7.25) expressly state that \u201cinterviews should never be conducted to collect information for military purposes.\u201d In addition, Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) states that CAAFAG are to be treated as victims of violations of international law. A commitment shall be obtained from Governments that children will be handed over to civilian child protection authorities as soon as possible and that military information will not be sought from them under any circumstances. Where interviews are necessary for legitimate purposes, as few individuals as possible should interview children to eliminate risks and harms that stem from repeated interviewing. Interviewers shall be trained child protection actors skilled in interviewing children.The Security Council has expressed \u201cgrave concern at the use of detained children for information gathering purposes.\u201d (UNSCR 2427, OP 20) Therefore, interviews with CAAFAG shall be carried out with the utmost concern for the child\u2019s privacy, dignity and confidentiality. Those providing information (children and caregivers) shall be fully informed about the purpose of the information gathering, how the information will be used and how it will be kept confidential. Voluntary and informed consent shall be required before proceeding with any interview and the child shall be informed that he or she may stop the interview at any time without any need to give a reason. Child protection agencies and\/or safeguarding personnel shall provide support, guidance and direction for such interviews. If no parent or guardian is available, a trusted adult shall be provided during any interview and undertake the role of protecting the child\u2019s interests.Interviews shall be conducted in the mother tongue of the child at the pace that he or she sets. Questions shall be posed in child-friendly and age-appropriate language and be rephrased if necessary, and information received clarified. Some information can be sensitive, and the children who provide it may be subject to threats. As children are usually aware of the threats they face, they may provide misleading information to try to protect themselves. These fears shall be identified and measures to deal with them shall be developed. Security should be a key concern and informed by a security risk assessment. During interviews, staff shall pay attention to, and have plans to safeguard children from, anyone who may intimidate or threaten them. Interviews with children shall be carried out in a safe place. If the child wishes to stop the interview, or begins to display signs of distress, the interview shall be stopped immediately. To safeguard the child and the interviewer, no adult shall conduct an interview alone with the child; mixed gender teams shall be provided. No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1089, "Sentence":"No child shall be subject to pressure, coercion, manipulation, including promises, or to any other physical, emotional or psychological tactics to obtain information.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child shall subject pressure coercion manipulation including promise physical emotional psychological tactic obtain information ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.2 Data management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Effective and secure data management is an important aspect of DDR processes for children as, beyond ethical considerations, it helps to create trust in the DDR process. Data management shall follow a predetermined and standardized format, including information on roles and responsibilities, procedures and protocols for data collection, processing, storage, sharing, reporting and archiving. Rules on confidentiality and information security shall be established, and all relevant staff shall be trained in these rules, to protect the security of children and their families, and staff. Databases that contain sensitive information related to children shall be encrypted and access to information shall be based on principles of informed consent, \u2018need to know\u2019 basis, \u2018do no harm\u2019 and the best interests of the child so that only those who need to have access to the information shall be granted permissions and the ability to do so.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1090, "Sentence":"Effective and secure data management is an important aspect of DDR processes for children as, beyond ethical considerations, it helps to create trust in the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR effective secure data management important aspect ddr process child beyond ethical consideration help create trust ddr process ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.2 Data management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Effective and secure data management is an important aspect of DDR processes for children as, beyond ethical considerations, it helps to create trust in the DDR process. Data management shall follow a predetermined and standardized format, including information on roles and responsibilities, procedures and protocols for data collection, processing, storage, sharing, reporting and archiving. Rules on confidentiality and information security shall be established, and all relevant staff shall be trained in these rules, to protect the security of children and their families, and staff. Databases that contain sensitive information related to children shall be encrypted and access to information shall be based on principles of informed consent, \u2018need to know\u2019 basis, \u2018do no harm\u2019 and the best interests of the child so that only those who need to have access to the information shall be granted permissions and the ability to do so.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1090, "Sentence":"Data management shall follow a predetermined and standardized format, including information on roles and responsibilities, procedures and protocols for data collection, processing, storage, sharing, reporting and archiving.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR data management shall follow predetermined standardized format including information role responsibility procedure protocol data collection processing storage sharing reporting archiving ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.2 Data management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Effective and secure data management is an important aspect of DDR processes for children as, beyond ethical considerations, it helps to create trust in the DDR process. Data management shall follow a predetermined and standardized format, including information on roles and responsibilities, procedures and protocols for data collection, processing, storage, sharing, reporting and archiving. Rules on confidentiality and information security shall be established, and all relevant staff shall be trained in these rules, to protect the security of children and their families, and staff. Databases that contain sensitive information related to children shall be encrypted and access to information shall be based on principles of informed consent, \u2018need to know\u2019 basis, \u2018do no harm\u2019 and the best interests of the child so that only those who need to have access to the information shall be granted permissions and the ability to do so.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1090, "Sentence":"Rules on confidentiality and information security shall be established, and all relevant staff shall be trained in these rules, to protect the security of children and their families, and staff.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR rule confidentiality information security shall established relevant staff shall trained rule protect security child family staff ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.2 Data management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Effective and secure data management is an important aspect of DDR processes for children as, beyond ethical considerations, it helps to create trust in the DDR process. Data management shall follow a predetermined and standardized format, including information on roles and responsibilities, procedures and protocols for data collection, processing, storage, sharing, reporting and archiving. Rules on confidentiality and information security shall be established, and all relevant staff shall be trained in these rules, to protect the security of children and their families, and staff. Databases that contain sensitive information related to children shall be encrypted and access to information shall be based on principles of informed consent, \u2018need to know\u2019 basis, \u2018do no harm\u2019 and the best interests of the child so that only those who need to have access to the information shall be granted permissions and the ability to do so.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1090, "Sentence":"Databases that contain sensitive information related to children shall be encrypted and access to information shall be based on principles of informed consent, \u2018need to know\u2019 basis, \u2018do no harm\u2019 and the best interests of the child so that only those who need to have access to the information shall be granted permissions and the ability to do so.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR database contain sensitive information related child shall encrypted access information shall based principle informed consent \u2018 need know \u2019 basis \u2018 harm \u2019 best interest child need access information shall granted permission ability ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR specific need girl boy shall fully considered stage ddr process ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR gendertransformative approach pursued aiming shift social norm address structural inequality lead girl boy engage armed conflict negatively affect reintegration ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR within ddr process gendertransformative approach shall focus following n agency intervention strengthen individual collective capacity knowledge skill attitude critical reflection asset action access service support reintegration girl ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"\\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n relation intervention equip girl skill navigate expectation cooperative negotiation dynamic embedded within relationship people home market community group organization influence choice ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"\\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n structure intervention address informal formal institutional rule practice social norm status limit option available girl work create space empowerment.the inclusion girl ddr process central gendertransformative approach ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR caafag often great risk genderbased violence including sexual violence hence may require range genderspecific service programme support recovery ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child especially girl often identified ddr process always considered full member armed force group may treated dependent wife ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR furthermore ddr practitioner always properly trained identify girl associated formerly associated armed force group cater need ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR often girl informally leave armed force group avoid stigmatization reprisal unaware right benefit kind support ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR reason specific mechanism developed identify girl formerly associated armed force group inform benefit may entitled childsensitive ddr process ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR order put girl risk must done sensitive manner example organization group girl already involved health care facility particularly dealing reproductive health religious centre organization assist survivor sexual violence see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr.as key element gendertransformative approach also engage boy young men wider community girl may viewed treated equally whole community ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR also recognize boy men may also become associated armed force group due expectation gender role perform including role protector bread winner even young age particularly father died missing social norm promote violence and\/or taking arm acceptable preferred measure resolve problem ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR communitybased approach necessary help promote empowerment girl educating traditional patriarchal community gender equality thus work towards countering harmful gender norm enable violence flourish ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR gender transformative approach critical boy include n nonviolent form masculinity often socialization violence witnessing use violence armed force group boy may develop association violence social norm surrounding masculinity social recognition ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR association may turn lead development antisocial behaviour towards girl vulnerable group community ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR supporting boy deconstructing violent militarized norm masculinity essential part breaking cycle violence supporting successful reintegration ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR may also involve supporting emotional skill development including understanding working anger healthy way ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"\\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n genderequitable relation structure ideology structure treatment woman girl armed force group may led development nonequitable view regarding gender norm may affect notion \u2018 consent \u2019 ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR supporting equitable norm view approach relationship girl cultivating respect agency choice girl woman critical supporting boy formulate healthy norm relationship adulthood.a gendertransformative approach also ensure gender key feature ddr assessment incorporated element release reintegration see iddrs 3.10 integrated assessments.the factor lead child associating armed force group complex usually involve number push pull factor specific child wider environment ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR understanding recruitment pathway child armed force group important development effective rerecruitment prevention strategy influence reintegration programming ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR example instance forcible recruitment new member required engage violence family community reduce incentive escape ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Planning and Designing DDR processes for children", "Heading2":"6.3 Data", "Heading3":"6.3.3 Gender responsive and transformative", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"The specific needs of girls and boys shall be fully considered in all stages of DDR processes. A gender-transformative approach should be pursued, aiming to shift social norms and address structural inequalities that lead girls and boys to engage in armed conflict and that negatively affect their reintegration. Within DDR processes, a gender-transformative approach shall focus on the following: \\n Agency: Interventions should strengthen the individual and collective capacities (knowledge and skills), attitudes, critical reflection, assets, actions and access to services that support the reintegration of girls. \\n Relations: Interventions should equip girls with the skills to navigate the expectations and cooperative or negotiation dynamics embedded within relationships between people in the home, market, community, and groups and organizations that will influence choice. \\n Structures: Interventions should address the informal and formal institutional rules and practices, social norms and statuses that limit options available to girls and work to create space for their empowerment.The inclusion of girls in DDR processes is central to a gender-transformative approach. CAAFAG are often at great risk of gender-based violence, including sexual violence, and hence may require a range of gender-specific services and programmes to support their recovery. Children, especially girls, are often not identified during DDR processes as they are not always considered to be full members of an armed force or group or may be treated as dependents or wives. Furthermore, DDR practitioners are not always properly trained to identify girls associated with or formerly associated with armed forces and groups and cater to their needs. Often, girls who informally leave armed forces or groups do so to avoid stigmatization or reprisal, or because they are unaware that they have the right to benefit from any kind of support. For these reasons, specific mechanisms should be developed to identify girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups and inform them about the benefits they may be entitled to through child-sensitive DDR processes. In order not to put girls at risk, this must be done in a sensitive manner, for example, through organizations and groups with which girls are already involved, such as health care facilities (particularly those dealing with reproductive health), religious centres and organizations that assist survivors of sexual violence (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).As a key element, a gender-transformative approach should also engage boys, young men, and the wider community so that girls may be viewed and treated more equally by the whole community. It should also recognize that boys and men may also become associated with armed forces and groups due to expectations about the gender roles they should perform, including roles as protector and bread winner even at young ages, particularly where a father has died or is missing, and about social norms that promote violence and\/or taking up arms as acceptable or preferred measures to resolve problems. This community-based approach is necessary to help promote the empowerment of girls by educating traditional patriarchal communities on gender equality and thus work towards countering harmful gender norms that enable violence to flourish. Other gender transformative approaches critical for boys include: \\n Non-violent forms of masculinities: Often through socialization into violence or through witnessing the use of violence while with armed forces and groups, boys may develop an association of violence through social norms surrounding masculinity and social recognition. Such associations may in turn lead to the development of anti-social behaviour towards themselves, to girls or vulnerable groups, or to community. Supporting boys in deconstructing violent or militarized norms about masculinity is an essential part of breaking the cycle of violence and supporting successful reintegration. This may also involve supporting emotional skill development, including understanding and working with anger in a healthy way. \\n Gender-Equitable Relations and Structures: The ideology, structure and treatment of women or girls in armed forces and groups may have led to the development of non-equitable views regarding gender norms, which may affect notions of what \u2018consent\u2019 is. Supporting equitable norms, views, and approaches to being in relationship with girls, and cultivating respect for agency and choice of girls and women, is critical to supporting boys formulate healthy norms and relationships in adulthood.A gender-transformative approach should also ensure that gender is a key feature of all DDR assessments and is incorporated into all elements of release and reintegration (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Assessments).The factors that lead to children associating with armed forces and groups are complex, and usually involve a number of push and pull factors specific to each child and their wider environment. Understanding the recruitment pathways of children into armed forces and groups is important for development of effective (re-)recruitment prevention strategies and can influence reintegration programming. For example, in some instances of forcible recruitment, new members are required to engage in violence against their family and community to reduce the incentive to escape. This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1091, "Sentence":"This can make their reintegration and community acceptance particularly difficult.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR make reintegration community acceptance particularly difficult ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Prevention efforts should start early and take place before and continuously throughout armed conflict. Furthermore, these efforts should recognize that children are embedded in families and communities, and programmes must target each part of their ecosystem. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal. Government ministries, child focused non-governmental organizations, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should monitor and analyse information on the recruitment of children to understand recruitment patterns.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1092, "Sentence":"Prevention efforts should start early and take place before and continuously throughout armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR prevention effort start early take place continuously throughout armed conflict ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Prevention efforts should start early and take place before and continuously throughout armed conflict. Furthermore, these efforts should recognize that children are embedded in families and communities, and programmes must target each part of their ecosystem. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal. Government ministries, child focused non-governmental organizations, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should monitor and analyse information on the recruitment of children to understand recruitment patterns.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1092, "Sentence":"Furthermore, these efforts should recognize that children are embedded in families and communities, and programmes must target each part of their ecosystem.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR furthermore effort recognize child embedded family community programme must target part ecosystem ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Prevention efforts should start early and take place before and continuously throughout armed conflict. Furthermore, these efforts should recognize that children are embedded in families and communities, and programmes must target each part of their ecosystem. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal. Government ministries, child focused non-governmental organizations, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should monitor and analyse information on the recruitment of children to understand recruitment patterns.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1092, "Sentence":"Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR prevention effort based analysis dynamic recruitment underlying cause include advocacy strategy directed level governance formal informal ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Prevention efforts should start early and take place before and continuously throughout armed conflict. Furthermore, these efforts should recognize that children are embedded in families and communities, and programmes must target each part of their ecosystem. Prevention efforts should be based on an analysis of the dynamics of recruitment and its underlying causes and include advocacy strategies that are directed at all levels of governance, both formal and informal. Government ministries, child focused non-governmental organizations, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should monitor and analyse information on the recruitment of children to understand recruitment patterns.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1092, "Sentence":"Government ministries, child focused non-governmental organizations, DDR practitioners and child protection actors should monitor and analyse information on the recruitment of children to understand recruitment patterns.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR government ministry child focused nongovernmental organization ddr practitioner child protection actor monitor analyse information recruitment child understand recruitment pattern ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.1 Identification and documentation of risks of (re-)recruitment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"To prevent the (re-)recruitment of children as part of DDR processes, various risk factors should be analysed at the structural, social and individual levels (see Table 1 below). Special focus shall be given to children at the most risk of recruitment.Some children are particularly vulnerable to (re-)recruitment because of inadequate protection, such as children living in conflict zones, child refugees or those who have been internally displaced, unaccompanied children, orphans or those separated from their families, children in child- or female-headed households, and children with very young parents. Girls and boys are at greater risk of being recruited in certain locations, such as zones of intense conflict; areas frequently crossed by troops; and public places with concentrations of children such as markets, schools, refugee camps or camps for internally displaced persons, and places where children go to fetch wood or water.Child recruitment is not always a sudden occurrence, but can take place gradually, progressing from initial contact to formal association. Children may start with occasional visits to the camps of armed forces or groups to look for food, polish shoes or carry out other tasks. Increasingly, they are given more responsibilities, then they may seek shelter at these camps, and eventually they start to take part fully in military life. Preventing this kind of \u2018voluntary\u2019 recruitment is a particular challenge and engagement is needed to sensitize communities on the risks of children having contact and forming associations with an armed force or group, even if it appears harmless.It is also important that the identification and documentation of (re-)recruitment risk considers aspects of child agency that may make children more vulnerable to recruitment. While forcible recruitment remains an issue, most children are recruited through the manipulation of their economic, social, political and\/or psychological vulnerability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1093, "Sentence":"To prevent the (re-)recruitment of children as part of DDR processes, various risk factors should be analysed at the structural, social and individual levels (see Table 1 below).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR prevent rerecruitment child part ddr process various risk factor analysed structural social individual level see table 1 ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.1 Identification and documentation of risks of (re-)recruitment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"To prevent the (re-)recruitment of children as part of DDR processes, various risk factors should be analysed at the structural, social and individual levels (see Table 1 below). Special focus shall be given to children at the most risk of recruitment.Some children are particularly vulnerable to (re-)recruitment because of inadequate protection, such as children living in conflict zones, child refugees or those who have been internally displaced, unaccompanied children, orphans or those separated from their families, children in child- or female-headed households, and children with very young parents. Girls and boys are at greater risk of being recruited in certain locations, such as zones of intense conflict; areas frequently crossed by troops; and public places with concentrations of children such as markets, schools, refugee camps or camps for internally displaced persons, and places where children go to fetch wood or water.Child recruitment is not always a sudden occurrence, but can take place gradually, progressing from initial contact to formal association. Children may start with occasional visits to the camps of armed forces or groups to look for food, polish shoes or carry out other tasks. Increasingly, they are given more responsibilities, then they may seek shelter at these camps, and eventually they start to take part fully in military life. Preventing this kind of \u2018voluntary\u2019 recruitment is a particular challenge and engagement is needed to sensitize communities on the risks of children having contact and forming associations with an armed force or group, even if it appears harmless.It is also important that the identification and documentation of (re-)recruitment risk considers aspects of child agency that may make children more vulnerable to recruitment. While forcible recruitment remains an issue, most children are recruited through the manipulation of their economic, social, political and\/or psychological vulnerability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1093, "Sentence":"Special focus shall be given to children at the most risk of recruitment.Some children are particularly vulnerable to (re-)recruitment because of inadequate protection, such as children living in conflict zones, child refugees or those who have been internally displaced, unaccompanied children, orphans or those separated from their families, children in child- or female-headed households, and children with very young parents.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR special focus shall given child risk recruitment.some child particularly vulnerable rerecruitment inadequate protection child living conflict zone child refugee internally displaced unaccompanied child orphan separated family child child femaleheaded household child young parent ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.1 Identification and documentation of risks of (re-)recruitment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"To prevent the (re-)recruitment of children as part of DDR processes, various risk factors should be analysed at the structural, social and individual levels (see Table 1 below). Special focus shall be given to children at the most risk of recruitment.Some children are particularly vulnerable to (re-)recruitment because of inadequate protection, such as children living in conflict zones, child refugees or those who have been internally displaced, unaccompanied children, orphans or those separated from their families, children in child- or female-headed households, and children with very young parents. Girls and boys are at greater risk of being recruited in certain locations, such as zones of intense conflict; areas frequently crossed by troops; and public places with concentrations of children such as markets, schools, refugee camps or camps for internally displaced persons, and places where children go to fetch wood or water.Child recruitment is not always a sudden occurrence, but can take place gradually, progressing from initial contact to formal association. Children may start with occasional visits to the camps of armed forces or groups to look for food, polish shoes or carry out other tasks. Increasingly, they are given more responsibilities, then they may seek shelter at these camps, and eventually they start to take part fully in military life. Preventing this kind of \u2018voluntary\u2019 recruitment is a particular challenge and engagement is needed to sensitize communities on the risks of children having contact and forming associations with an armed force or group, even if it appears harmless.It is also important that the identification and documentation of (re-)recruitment risk considers aspects of child agency that may make children more vulnerable to recruitment. While forcible recruitment remains an issue, most children are recruited through the manipulation of their economic, social, political and\/or psychological vulnerability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1093, "Sentence":"Girls and boys are at greater risk of being recruited in certain locations, such as zones of intense conflict; areas frequently crossed by troops; and public places with concentrations of children such as markets, schools, refugee camps or camps for internally displaced persons, and places where children go to fetch wood or water.Child recruitment is not always a sudden occurrence, but can take place gradually, progressing from initial contact to formal association.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR girl boy greater risk recruited certain location zone intense conflict area frequently crossed troop public place concentration child market school refugee camp camp internally displaced person place child go fetch wood water.child recruitment always sudden occurrence take place gradually progressing initial contact formal association ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.1 Identification and documentation of risks of (re-)recruitment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"To prevent the (re-)recruitment of children as part of DDR processes, various risk factors should be analysed at the structural, social and individual levels (see Table 1 below). Special focus shall be given to children at the most risk of recruitment.Some children are particularly vulnerable to (re-)recruitment because of inadequate protection, such as children living in conflict zones, child refugees or those who have been internally displaced, unaccompanied children, orphans or those separated from their families, children in child- or female-headed households, and children with very young parents. Girls and boys are at greater risk of being recruited in certain locations, such as zones of intense conflict; areas frequently crossed by troops; and public places with concentrations of children such as markets, schools, refugee camps or camps for internally displaced persons, and places where children go to fetch wood or water.Child recruitment is not always a sudden occurrence, but can take place gradually, progressing from initial contact to formal association. Children may start with occasional visits to the camps of armed forces or groups to look for food, polish shoes or carry out other tasks. Increasingly, they are given more responsibilities, then they may seek shelter at these camps, and eventually they start to take part fully in military life. Preventing this kind of \u2018voluntary\u2019 recruitment is a particular challenge and engagement is needed to sensitize communities on the risks of children having contact and forming associations with an armed force or group, even if it appears harmless.It is also important that the identification and documentation of (re-)recruitment risk considers aspects of child agency that may make children more vulnerable to recruitment. While forcible recruitment remains an issue, most children are recruited through the manipulation of their economic, social, political and\/or psychological vulnerability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1093, "Sentence":"Children may start with occasional visits to the camps of armed forces or groups to look for food, polish shoes or carry out other tasks.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child may start occasional visit camp armed force group look food polish shoe carry task ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.1 Identification and documentation of risks of (re-)recruitment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"To prevent the (re-)recruitment of children as part of DDR processes, various risk factors should be analysed at the structural, social and individual levels (see Table 1 below). Special focus shall be given to children at the most risk of recruitment.Some children are particularly vulnerable to (re-)recruitment because of inadequate protection, such as children living in conflict zones, child refugees or those who have been internally displaced, unaccompanied children, orphans or those separated from their families, children in child- or female-headed households, and children with very young parents. Girls and boys are at greater risk of being recruited in certain locations, such as zones of intense conflict; areas frequently crossed by troops; and public places with concentrations of children such as markets, schools, refugee camps or camps for internally displaced persons, and places where children go to fetch wood or water.Child recruitment is not always a sudden occurrence, but can take place gradually, progressing from initial contact to formal association. Children may start with occasional visits to the camps of armed forces or groups to look for food, polish shoes or carry out other tasks. Increasingly, they are given more responsibilities, then they may seek shelter at these camps, and eventually they start to take part fully in military life. Preventing this kind of \u2018voluntary\u2019 recruitment is a particular challenge and engagement is needed to sensitize communities on the risks of children having contact and forming associations with an armed force or group, even if it appears harmless.It is also important that the identification and documentation of (re-)recruitment risk considers aspects of child agency that may make children more vulnerable to recruitment. While forcible recruitment remains an issue, most children are recruited through the manipulation of their economic, social, political and\/or psychological vulnerability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1093, "Sentence":"Increasingly, they are given more responsibilities, then they may seek shelter at these camps, and eventually they start to take part fully in military life.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR increasingly given responsibility may seek shelter camp eventually start take part fully military life ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.1 Identification and documentation of risks of (re-)recruitment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"To prevent the (re-)recruitment of children as part of DDR processes, various risk factors should be analysed at the structural, social and individual levels (see Table 1 below). Special focus shall be given to children at the most risk of recruitment.Some children are particularly vulnerable to (re-)recruitment because of inadequate protection, such as children living in conflict zones, child refugees or those who have been internally displaced, unaccompanied children, orphans or those separated from their families, children in child- or female-headed households, and children with very young parents. Girls and boys are at greater risk of being recruited in certain locations, such as zones of intense conflict; areas frequently crossed by troops; and public places with concentrations of children such as markets, schools, refugee camps or camps for internally displaced persons, and places where children go to fetch wood or water.Child recruitment is not always a sudden occurrence, but can take place gradually, progressing from initial contact to formal association. Children may start with occasional visits to the camps of armed forces or groups to look for food, polish shoes or carry out other tasks. Increasingly, they are given more responsibilities, then they may seek shelter at these camps, and eventually they start to take part fully in military life. Preventing this kind of \u2018voluntary\u2019 recruitment is a particular challenge and engagement is needed to sensitize communities on the risks of children having contact and forming associations with an armed force or group, even if it appears harmless.It is also important that the identification and documentation of (re-)recruitment risk considers aspects of child agency that may make children more vulnerable to recruitment. While forcible recruitment remains an issue, most children are recruited through the manipulation of their economic, social, political and\/or psychological vulnerability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1093, "Sentence":"Preventing this kind of \u2018voluntary\u2019 recruitment is a particular challenge and engagement is needed to sensitize communities on the risks of children having contact and forming associations with an armed force or group, even if it appears harmless.It is also important that the identification and documentation of (re-)recruitment risk considers aspects of child agency that may make children more vulnerable to recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR preventing kind \u2018 voluntary \u2019 recruitment particular challenge engagement needed sensitize community risk child contact forming association armed force group even appears harmless.it also important identification documentation rerecruitment risk considers aspect child agency may make child vulnerable recruitment ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.1 Identification and documentation of risks of (re-)recruitment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"To prevent the (re-)recruitment of children as part of DDR processes, various risk factors should be analysed at the structural, social and individual levels (see Table 1 below). Special focus shall be given to children at the most risk of recruitment.Some children are particularly vulnerable to (re-)recruitment because of inadequate protection, such as children living in conflict zones, child refugees or those who have been internally displaced, unaccompanied children, orphans or those separated from their families, children in child- or female-headed households, and children with very young parents. Girls and boys are at greater risk of being recruited in certain locations, such as zones of intense conflict; areas frequently crossed by troops; and public places with concentrations of children such as markets, schools, refugee camps or camps for internally displaced persons, and places where children go to fetch wood or water.Child recruitment is not always a sudden occurrence, but can take place gradually, progressing from initial contact to formal association. Children may start with occasional visits to the camps of armed forces or groups to look for food, polish shoes or carry out other tasks. Increasingly, they are given more responsibilities, then they may seek shelter at these camps, and eventually they start to take part fully in military life. Preventing this kind of \u2018voluntary\u2019 recruitment is a particular challenge and engagement is needed to sensitize communities on the risks of children having contact and forming associations with an armed force or group, even if it appears harmless.It is also important that the identification and documentation of (re-)recruitment risk considers aspects of child agency that may make children more vulnerable to recruitment. While forcible recruitment remains an issue, most children are recruited through the manipulation of their economic, social, political and\/or psychological vulnerability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1093, "Sentence":"While forcible recruitment remains an issue, most children are recruited through the manipulation of their economic, social, political and\/or psychological vulnerability.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR forcible recruitment remains issue child recruited manipulation economic social political and\/or psychological vulnerability ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The most effective way to prevent child (re-)recruitment is the development and ongoing strengthening of a protective environment. Building a protective environment helps all children in the community and supports not only prevention of (re-)recruitment but effective reintegration. To this end, DDR practitioners should jointly coordinate with Government, civil society, and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes to strengthen the protective environment of children in affected communities through:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1094, "Sentence":"The most effective way to prevent child (re-)recruitment is the development and ongoing strengthening of a protective environment.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR effective way prevent child rerecruitment development ongoing strengthening protective environment ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The most effective way to prevent child (re-)recruitment is the development and ongoing strengthening of a protective environment. Building a protective environment helps all children in the community and supports not only prevention of (re-)recruitment but effective reintegration. To this end, DDR practitioners should jointly coordinate with Government, civil society, and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes to strengthen the protective environment of children in affected communities through:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1094, "Sentence":"Building a protective environment helps all children in the community and supports not only prevention of (re-)recruitment but effective reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR building protective environment help child community support prevention rerecruitment effective reintegration ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The most effective way to prevent child (re-)recruitment is the development and ongoing strengthening of a protective environment. Building a protective environment helps all children in the community and supports not only prevention of (re-)recruitment but effective reintegration. To this end, DDR practitioners should jointly coordinate with Government, civil society, and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes to strengthen the protective environment of children in affected communities through:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1094, "Sentence":"To this end, DDR practitioners should jointly coordinate with Government, civil society, and child protection actors involved in providing services during DDR processes to strengthen the protective environment of children in affected communities through:", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR end ddr practitioner jointly coordinate government civil society child protection actor involved providing service ddr process strengthen protective environment child affected community" }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Family resilience", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Efforts should be made to strengthen family resilience, especially in assisting parents to cope with wartime stress, including through access to mental health support and parenting classes, and to minimize the risks of negative family coping behaviours (e.g., child neglect, domestic violence, child marriage and parental discord). Parents also have a role to play to build resilience in their children and educate them on the risks of recruitment. This may include informing them about recruiting efforts on the internet and social media, if they play a key role in driving the conflict. Parents should also be supported to counter gender-based societal expectations of boys as fighters and girls as \u2018bush wives\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1095, "Sentence":"Efforts should be made to strengthen family resilience, especially in assisting parents to cope with wartime stress, including through access to mental health support and parenting classes, and to minimize the risks of negative family coping behaviours (e.g., child neglect, domestic violence, child marriage and parental discord).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR effort made strengthen family resilience especially assisting parent cope wartime stress including access mental health support parenting class minimize risk negative family coping behaviour e.g . child neglect domestic violence child marriage parental discord ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Family resilience", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Efforts should be made to strengthen family resilience, especially in assisting parents to cope with wartime stress, including through access to mental health support and parenting classes, and to minimize the risks of negative family coping behaviours (e.g., child neglect, domestic violence, child marriage and parental discord). Parents also have a role to play to build resilience in their children and educate them on the risks of recruitment. This may include informing them about recruiting efforts on the internet and social media, if they play a key role in driving the conflict. Parents should also be supported to counter gender-based societal expectations of boys as fighters and girls as \u2018bush wives\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1095, "Sentence":"Parents also have a role to play to build resilience in their children and educate them on the risks of recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR parent also role play build resilience child educate risk recruitment ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Family resilience", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Efforts should be made to strengthen family resilience, especially in assisting parents to cope with wartime stress, including through access to mental health support and parenting classes, and to minimize the risks of negative family coping behaviours (e.g., child neglect, domestic violence, child marriage and parental discord). Parents also have a role to play to build resilience in their children and educate them on the risks of recruitment. This may include informing them about recruiting efforts on the internet and social media, if they play a key role in driving the conflict. Parents should also be supported to counter gender-based societal expectations of boys as fighters and girls as \u2018bush wives\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1095, "Sentence":"This may include informing them about recruiting efforts on the internet and social media, if they play a key role in driving the conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR may include informing recruiting effort internet social medium play key role driving conflict ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Family resilience", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Efforts should be made to strengthen family resilience, especially in assisting parents to cope with wartime stress, including through access to mental health support and parenting classes, and to minimize the risks of negative family coping behaviours (e.g., child neglect, domestic violence, child marriage and parental discord). Parents also have a role to play to build resilience in their children and educate them on the risks of recruitment. This may include informing them about recruiting efforts on the internet and social media, if they play a key role in driving the conflict. Parents should also be supported to counter gender-based societal expectations of boys as fighters and girls as \u2018bush wives\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1095, "Sentence":"Parents should also be supported to counter gender-based societal expectations of boys as fighters and girls as \u2018bush wives\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR parent also supported counter genderbased societal expectation boy fighter girl \u2018 bush wife \u2019 ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Community resilience", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Working with communities to help them better understand why children might join armed forces and groups, explain the developmental effects of child recruitment, and identify how to protect children will all help to prevent (re-)recruitment. Communities should be encouraged to establish community-based child protection networks. These networks can work on awareness- raising, good parenting skills, identifying at-risk children and mediating family disputes (where appropriate and with training). Where appropriate, these networks can be supported to establish community monitoring mechanisms, such as early warning systems. Non-individually identifiable data from these early warning systems can then be shared with national human rights commissions, national observatories and\/or Government authorities.In addition, where appropriate, children may be included in community violence reduction (CVR) programmes, consistent with relevant national and international legal safeguards, including on the involvement of children in hazardous work, to ensure their rights, needs and well-being are carefully accounted for (see section 8.4 below and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1096, "Sentence":"Working with communities to help them better understand why children might join armed forces and groups, explain the developmental effects of child recruitment, and identify how to protect children will all help to prevent (re-)recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR working community help better understand child might join armed force group explain developmental effect child recruitment identify protect child help prevent rerecruitment ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Community resilience", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Working with communities to help them better understand why children might join armed forces and groups, explain the developmental effects of child recruitment, and identify how to protect children will all help to prevent (re-)recruitment. Communities should be encouraged to establish community-based child protection networks. These networks can work on awareness- raising, good parenting skills, identifying at-risk children and mediating family disputes (where appropriate and with training). Where appropriate, these networks can be supported to establish community monitoring mechanisms, such as early warning systems. Non-individually identifiable data from these early warning systems can then be shared with national human rights commissions, national observatories and\/or Government authorities.In addition, where appropriate, children may be included in community violence reduction (CVR) programmes, consistent with relevant national and international legal safeguards, including on the involvement of children in hazardous work, to ensure their rights, needs and well-being are carefully accounted for (see section 8.4 below and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1096, "Sentence":"Communities should be encouraged to establish community-based child protection networks.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR community encouraged establish communitybased child protection network ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Community resilience", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Working with communities to help them better understand why children might join armed forces and groups, explain the developmental effects of child recruitment, and identify how to protect children will all help to prevent (re-)recruitment. Communities should be encouraged to establish community-based child protection networks. These networks can work on awareness- raising, good parenting skills, identifying at-risk children and mediating family disputes (where appropriate and with training). Where appropriate, these networks can be supported to establish community monitoring mechanisms, such as early warning systems. Non-individually identifiable data from these early warning systems can then be shared with national human rights commissions, national observatories and\/or Government authorities.In addition, where appropriate, children may be included in community violence reduction (CVR) programmes, consistent with relevant national and international legal safeguards, including on the involvement of children in hazardous work, to ensure their rights, needs and well-being are carefully accounted for (see section 8.4 below and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1096, "Sentence":"These networks can work on awareness- raising, good parenting skills, identifying at-risk children and mediating family disputes (where appropriate and with training).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR network work awareness raising good parenting skill identifying atrisk child mediating family dispute appropriate training ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Community resilience", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Working with communities to help them better understand why children might join armed forces and groups, explain the developmental effects of child recruitment, and identify how to protect children will all help to prevent (re-)recruitment. Communities should be encouraged to establish community-based child protection networks. These networks can work on awareness- raising, good parenting skills, identifying at-risk children and mediating family disputes (where appropriate and with training). Where appropriate, these networks can be supported to establish community monitoring mechanisms, such as early warning systems. Non-individually identifiable data from these early warning systems can then be shared with national human rights commissions, national observatories and\/or Government authorities.In addition, where appropriate, children may be included in community violence reduction (CVR) programmes, consistent with relevant national and international legal safeguards, including on the involvement of children in hazardous work, to ensure their rights, needs and well-being are carefully accounted for (see section 8.4 below and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1096, "Sentence":"Where appropriate, these networks can be supported to establish community monitoring mechanisms, such as early warning systems.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR appropriate network supported establish community monitoring mechanism early warning system ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Community resilience", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Working with communities to help them better understand why children might join armed forces and groups, explain the developmental effects of child recruitment, and identify how to protect children will all help to prevent (re-)recruitment. Communities should be encouraged to establish community-based child protection networks. These networks can work on awareness- raising, good parenting skills, identifying at-risk children and mediating family disputes (where appropriate and with training). Where appropriate, these networks can be supported to establish community monitoring mechanisms, such as early warning systems. Non-individually identifiable data from these early warning systems can then be shared with national human rights commissions, national observatories and\/or Government authorities.In addition, where appropriate, children may be included in community violence reduction (CVR) programmes, consistent with relevant national and international legal safeguards, including on the involvement of children in hazardous work, to ensure their rights, needs and well-being are carefully accounted for (see section 8.4 below and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1096, "Sentence":"Non-individually identifiable data from these early warning systems can then be shared with national human rights commissions, national observatories and\/or Government authorities.In addition, where appropriate, children may be included in community violence reduction (CVR) programmes, consistent with relevant national and international legal safeguards, including on the involvement of children in hazardous work, to ensure their rights, needs and well-being are carefully accounted for (see section 8.4 below and IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR nonindividually identifiable data early warning system shared national human right commission national observatory and\/or government authorities.in addition appropriate child may included community violence reduction cvr programme consistent relevant national international legal safeguard including involvement child hazardous work ensure right need wellbeing carefully accounted see section 8.4 iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"To bolster children\u2019s individual resilience to (re-)recruitment, support can be provided that allows children to develop their life skills (see section 7.9.3).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1097, "Sentence":"To bolster children\u2019s individual resilience to (re-)recruitment, support can be provided that allows children to develop their life skills (see section 7.9.3).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR bolster child \u2019 individual resilience rerecruitment support provided allows child develop life skill see section 7.9.3 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.4 Addressing socioeconomic insecurity", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"An important way to prevent child recruitment into armed forces and groups can be to address the underlying socioeconomic factors that cause children to be vulnerable to (re-)recruitment. Investment in education and broader economic development and employment opportunities may help. Investment in basic service delivery, necessary community infrastructure and key markets at the local level can also support community initiatives to prevent (re-)recruitment. Socioeconomic prevention methodologies should be linked \u201ccoherently and as early as possible to national and sectoral frameworks and policies for peacebuilding, recovery and development where they exist at the country level.\u201d4", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1098, "Sentence":"An important way to prevent child recruitment into armed forces and groups can be to address the underlying socioeconomic factors that cause children to be vulnerable to (re-)recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR important way prevent child recruitment armed force group address underlying socioeconomic factor cause child vulnerable rerecruitment ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.4 Addressing socioeconomic insecurity", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"An important way to prevent child recruitment into armed forces and groups can be to address the underlying socioeconomic factors that cause children to be vulnerable to (re-)recruitment. Investment in education and broader economic development and employment opportunities may help. Investment in basic service delivery, necessary community infrastructure and key markets at the local level can also support community initiatives to prevent (re-)recruitment. Socioeconomic prevention methodologies should be linked \u201ccoherently and as early as possible to national and sectoral frameworks and policies for peacebuilding, recovery and development where they exist at the country level.\u201d4", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1098, "Sentence":"Investment in education and broader economic development and employment opportunities may help.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR investment education broader economic development employment opportunity may help ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.4 Addressing socioeconomic insecurity", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"An important way to prevent child recruitment into armed forces and groups can be to address the underlying socioeconomic factors that cause children to be vulnerable to (re-)recruitment. Investment in education and broader economic development and employment opportunities may help. Investment in basic service delivery, necessary community infrastructure and key markets at the local level can also support community initiatives to prevent (re-)recruitment. Socioeconomic prevention methodologies should be linked \u201ccoherently and as early as possible to national and sectoral frameworks and policies for peacebuilding, recovery and development where they exist at the country level.\u201d4", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1098, "Sentence":"Investment in basic service delivery, necessary community infrastructure and key markets at the local level can also support community initiatives to prevent (re-)recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR investment basic service delivery necessary community infrastructure key market local level also support community initiative prevent rerecruitment ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.4 Addressing socioeconomic insecurity", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"An important way to prevent child recruitment into armed forces and groups can be to address the underlying socioeconomic factors that cause children to be vulnerable to (re-)recruitment. Investment in education and broader economic development and employment opportunities may help. Investment in basic service delivery, necessary community infrastructure and key markets at the local level can also support community initiatives to prevent (re-)recruitment. Socioeconomic prevention methodologies should be linked \u201ccoherently and as early as possible to national and sectoral frameworks and policies for peacebuilding, recovery and development where they exist at the country level.\u201d4", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1098, "Sentence":"Socioeconomic prevention methodologies should be linked \u201ccoherently and as early as possible to national and sectoral frameworks and policies for peacebuilding, recovery and development where they exist at the country level.\u201d4", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR socioeconomic prevention methodology linked \u201c coherently early possible national sectoral framework policy peacebuilding recovery development exist country level. \u201d 4" }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.5 Child protection advocacy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Adult members of armed forces and groups shall be sensitized regarding child rights, including rights of girls. Taking this action contributes to a protective environment, as it removes justifications for recruitment of children.Advocacy shall also be directed towards national decision makers, as this can raise awareness of the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict and can lead to the introduction of new laws. Advocacy may include measures towards the ratification and implementation of international legal instruments on child protection, or the reinforcement of these legal instruments; the adaptation of laws related to the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict; and the end of impunity for those who recruit and\/or use children in armed conflict. It should also include laws and policies that protect children against forms of child abuse, including gender-based violence, that are sometimes among the factors that prompt children to join armed forces and groups. After enactment, appropriate sanctions can be implemented and enforced against people who continue to recruit children.A strong awareness of the existing legal framework is considered central to prevention strategies, but international norms and procedures alone do not restrain armed groups. Awareness campaigns should be followed up with accountability measures against the perpetrators. However, it should also be recognized that punitive approaches intended to strengthen prevention down the line can also have unintended consequences, including armed groups actively hiding information about children in their ranks, which may make military commanders more reluctant to enter DDR processes (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1099, "Sentence":"Adult members of armed forces and groups shall be sensitized regarding child rights, including rights of girls.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR adult member armed force group shall sensitized regarding child right including right girl ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.5 Child protection advocacy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Adult members of armed forces and groups shall be sensitized regarding child rights, including rights of girls. Taking this action contributes to a protective environment, as it removes justifications for recruitment of children.Advocacy shall also be directed towards national decision makers, as this can raise awareness of the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict and can lead to the introduction of new laws. Advocacy may include measures towards the ratification and implementation of international legal instruments on child protection, or the reinforcement of these legal instruments; the adaptation of laws related to the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict; and the end of impunity for those who recruit and\/or use children in armed conflict. It should also include laws and policies that protect children against forms of child abuse, including gender-based violence, that are sometimes among the factors that prompt children to join armed forces and groups. After enactment, appropriate sanctions can be implemented and enforced against people who continue to recruit children.A strong awareness of the existing legal framework is considered central to prevention strategies, but international norms and procedures alone do not restrain armed groups. Awareness campaigns should be followed up with accountability measures against the perpetrators. However, it should also be recognized that punitive approaches intended to strengthen prevention down the line can also have unintended consequences, including armed groups actively hiding information about children in their ranks, which may make military commanders more reluctant to enter DDR processes (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1099, "Sentence":"Taking this action contributes to a protective environment, as it removes justifications for recruitment of children.Advocacy shall also be directed towards national decision makers, as this can raise awareness of the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict and can lead to the introduction of new laws.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR taking action contributes protective environment remove justification recruitment children.advocacy shall also directed towards national decision maker raise awareness recruitment use child armed conflict lead introduction new law ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.5 Child protection advocacy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Adult members of armed forces and groups shall be sensitized regarding child rights, including rights of girls. Taking this action contributes to a protective environment, as it removes justifications for recruitment of children.Advocacy shall also be directed towards national decision makers, as this can raise awareness of the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict and can lead to the introduction of new laws. Advocacy may include measures towards the ratification and implementation of international legal instruments on child protection, or the reinforcement of these legal instruments; the adaptation of laws related to the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict; and the end of impunity for those who recruit and\/or use children in armed conflict. It should also include laws and policies that protect children against forms of child abuse, including gender-based violence, that are sometimes among the factors that prompt children to join armed forces and groups. After enactment, appropriate sanctions can be implemented and enforced against people who continue to recruit children.A strong awareness of the existing legal framework is considered central to prevention strategies, but international norms and procedures alone do not restrain armed groups. Awareness campaigns should be followed up with accountability measures against the perpetrators. However, it should also be recognized that punitive approaches intended to strengthen prevention down the line can also have unintended consequences, including armed groups actively hiding information about children in their ranks, which may make military commanders more reluctant to enter DDR processes (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1099, "Sentence":"Advocacy may include measures towards the ratification and implementation of international legal instruments on child protection, or the reinforcement of these legal instruments; the adaptation of laws related to the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict; and the end of impunity for those who recruit and\/or use children in armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR advocacy may include measure towards ratification implementation international legal instrument child protection reinforcement legal instrument adaptation law related recruitment use child armed conflict end impunity recruit and\/or use child armed conflict ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.5 Child protection advocacy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Adult members of armed forces and groups shall be sensitized regarding child rights, including rights of girls. Taking this action contributes to a protective environment, as it removes justifications for recruitment of children.Advocacy shall also be directed towards national decision makers, as this can raise awareness of the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict and can lead to the introduction of new laws. Advocacy may include measures towards the ratification and implementation of international legal instruments on child protection, or the reinforcement of these legal instruments; the adaptation of laws related to the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict; and the end of impunity for those who recruit and\/or use children in armed conflict. It should also include laws and policies that protect children against forms of child abuse, including gender-based violence, that are sometimes among the factors that prompt children to join armed forces and groups. After enactment, appropriate sanctions can be implemented and enforced against people who continue to recruit children.A strong awareness of the existing legal framework is considered central to prevention strategies, but international norms and procedures alone do not restrain armed groups. Awareness campaigns should be followed up with accountability measures against the perpetrators. However, it should also be recognized that punitive approaches intended to strengthen prevention down the line can also have unintended consequences, including armed groups actively hiding information about children in their ranks, which may make military commanders more reluctant to enter DDR processes (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1099, "Sentence":"It should also include laws and policies that protect children against forms of child abuse, including gender-based violence, that are sometimes among the factors that prompt children to join armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR also include law policy protect child form child abuse including genderbased violence sometimes among factor prompt child join armed force group ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.5 Child protection advocacy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Adult members of armed forces and groups shall be sensitized regarding child rights, including rights of girls. Taking this action contributes to a protective environment, as it removes justifications for recruitment of children.Advocacy shall also be directed towards national decision makers, as this can raise awareness of the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict and can lead to the introduction of new laws. Advocacy may include measures towards the ratification and implementation of international legal instruments on child protection, or the reinforcement of these legal instruments; the adaptation of laws related to the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict; and the end of impunity for those who recruit and\/or use children in armed conflict. It should also include laws and policies that protect children against forms of child abuse, including gender-based violence, that are sometimes among the factors that prompt children to join armed forces and groups. After enactment, appropriate sanctions can be implemented and enforced against people who continue to recruit children.A strong awareness of the existing legal framework is considered central to prevention strategies, but international norms and procedures alone do not restrain armed groups. Awareness campaigns should be followed up with accountability measures against the perpetrators. However, it should also be recognized that punitive approaches intended to strengthen prevention down the line can also have unintended consequences, including armed groups actively hiding information about children in their ranks, which may make military commanders more reluctant to enter DDR processes (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1099, "Sentence":"After enactment, appropriate sanctions can be implemented and enforced against people who continue to recruit children.A strong awareness of the existing legal framework is considered central to prevention strategies, but international norms and procedures alone do not restrain armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR enactment appropriate sanction implemented enforced people continue recruit children.a strong awareness existing legal framework considered central prevention strategy international norm procedure alone restrain armed group ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.5 Child protection advocacy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Adult members of armed forces and groups shall be sensitized regarding child rights, including rights of girls. Taking this action contributes to a protective environment, as it removes justifications for recruitment of children.Advocacy shall also be directed towards national decision makers, as this can raise awareness of the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict and can lead to the introduction of new laws. Advocacy may include measures towards the ratification and implementation of international legal instruments on child protection, or the reinforcement of these legal instruments; the adaptation of laws related to the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict; and the end of impunity for those who recruit and\/or use children in armed conflict. It should also include laws and policies that protect children against forms of child abuse, including gender-based violence, that are sometimes among the factors that prompt children to join armed forces and groups. After enactment, appropriate sanctions can be implemented and enforced against people who continue to recruit children.A strong awareness of the existing legal framework is considered central to prevention strategies, but international norms and procedures alone do not restrain armed groups. Awareness campaigns should be followed up with accountability measures against the perpetrators. However, it should also be recognized that punitive approaches intended to strengthen prevention down the line can also have unintended consequences, including armed groups actively hiding information about children in their ranks, which may make military commanders more reluctant to enter DDR processes (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1099, "Sentence":"Awareness campaigns should be followed up with accountability measures against the perpetrators.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR awareness campaign followed accountability measure perpetrator ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.5 Child protection advocacy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Adult members of armed forces and groups shall be sensitized regarding child rights, including rights of girls. Taking this action contributes to a protective environment, as it removes justifications for recruitment of children.Advocacy shall also be directed towards national decision makers, as this can raise awareness of the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict and can lead to the introduction of new laws. Advocacy may include measures towards the ratification and implementation of international legal instruments on child protection, or the reinforcement of these legal instruments; the adaptation of laws related to the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict; and the end of impunity for those who recruit and\/or use children in armed conflict. It should also include laws and policies that protect children against forms of child abuse, including gender-based violence, that are sometimes among the factors that prompt children to join armed forces and groups. After enactment, appropriate sanctions can be implemented and enforced against people who continue to recruit children.A strong awareness of the existing legal framework is considered central to prevention strategies, but international norms and procedures alone do not restrain armed groups. Awareness campaigns should be followed up with accountability measures against the perpetrators. However, it should also be recognized that punitive approaches intended to strengthen prevention down the line can also have unintended consequences, including armed groups actively hiding information about children in their ranks, which may make military commanders more reluctant to enter DDR processes (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1099, "Sentence":"However, it should also be recognized that punitive approaches intended to strengthen prevention down the line can also have unintended consequences, including armed groups actively hiding information about children in their ranks, which may make military commanders more reluctant to enter DDR processes (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR however also recognized punitive approach intended strengthen prevention line also unintended consequence including armed group actively hiding information child rank may make military commander reluctant enter ddr process see iddrs 6.20 ddr transitional justice ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Monitoring and reporting on the recruitment and use of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and reporting on the (re-)recruitment of children is an important component of prevention and should be given adequate investment in terms of resourcing, capacity, safety and time. The UN mandated monitoring and reporting mechanism (MRM) on grave violations of child rights in situations of armed conflict, including their recruitment and use, is a comprehensive system for collecting, verifying and reporting on such violations (UNSCR 1612 (2005)). The MRM is designed \u201cto provide for the systematic gathering of accurate, timely, objective and reliable information on grave violations committed against children\u201d5 within the context of armed conflict that will enable responses to increase compliance with international legal obligations and to end and prevent violations. Where the MRM has been activated, engagement with parties to the conflict to develop action plans to eliminate recruitment and use of children can both lead to release of children in the ranks of armed forces or groups and provide opportunities to prevent future (re-)recruitment (see section 5.3). Where possible and safe to do so, DDR processes should support engagement with armed forces and groups and be part of verification of compliance with such action plans, including commitments to release children.Any activities should adhere to mandatory reporting laws on child abuse or gender-based violence against children, regardless of whether an MRM has been activated. Practitioners should be clear about what these laws are, be sure that children understand any mandatory reporting nationally and provide informed consent if relevant. Referral pathways for necessary response services should be available before engaging with survivors so that referrals can be made in the event of a disclosure.In addition, where relevant and safe, there should be coordination, harmonization and cross checks with the Monitoring and Reporting Arrangement (MARA) of the Conflict Related Sexual Violence (CRSV). CRSV takes multiple forms such as rape, forced pregnancy, forced sterilization, forced abortion, forced prostitution, sexual exploitation, trafficking, sexual enslavement, forced circumcision, castration, forced nudity or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity. Depending on the circumstances, it could constitute a war crime, a crime against humanity, genocide, torture or other gross violation of human rights. See definition of CRSV: Analytical and Conceptual Framing of Conflict-related Sexual Violence, June 2011.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1100, "Sentence":"Monitoring and reporting on the (re-)recruitment of children is an important component of prevention and should be given adequate investment in terms of resourcing, capacity, safety and time.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR monitoring reporting rerecruitment child important component prevention given adequate investment term resourcing capacity safety time ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Monitoring and reporting on the recruitment and use of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and reporting on the (re-)recruitment of children is an important component of prevention and should be given adequate investment in terms of resourcing, capacity, safety and time. The UN mandated monitoring and reporting mechanism (MRM) on grave violations of child rights in situations of armed conflict, including their recruitment and use, is a comprehensive system for collecting, verifying and reporting on such violations (UNSCR 1612 (2005)). The MRM is designed \u201cto provide for the systematic gathering of accurate, timely, objective and reliable information on grave violations committed against children\u201d5 within the context of armed conflict that will enable responses to increase compliance with international legal obligations and to end and prevent violations. Where the MRM has been activated, engagement with parties to the conflict to develop action plans to eliminate recruitment and use of children can both lead to release of children in the ranks of armed forces or groups and provide opportunities to prevent future (re-)recruitment (see section 5.3). Where possible and safe to do so, DDR processes should support engagement with armed forces and groups and be part of verification of compliance with such action plans, including commitments to release children.Any activities should adhere to mandatory reporting laws on child abuse or gender-based violence against children, regardless of whether an MRM has been activated. Practitioners should be clear about what these laws are, be sure that children understand any mandatory reporting nationally and provide informed consent if relevant. Referral pathways for necessary response services should be available before engaging with survivors so that referrals can be made in the event of a disclosure.In addition, where relevant and safe, there should be coordination, harmonization and cross checks with the Monitoring and Reporting Arrangement (MARA) of the Conflict Related Sexual Violence (CRSV). CRSV takes multiple forms such as rape, forced pregnancy, forced sterilization, forced abortion, forced prostitution, sexual exploitation, trafficking, sexual enslavement, forced circumcision, castration, forced nudity or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity. Depending on the circumstances, it could constitute a war crime, a crime against humanity, genocide, torture or other gross violation of human rights. See definition of CRSV: Analytical and Conceptual Framing of Conflict-related Sexual Violence, June 2011.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1100, "Sentence":"The UN mandated monitoring and reporting mechanism (MRM) on grave violations of child rights in situations of armed conflict, including their recruitment and use, is a comprehensive system for collecting, verifying and reporting on such violations (UNSCR 1612 (2005)).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR un mandated monitoring reporting mechanism mrm grave violation child right situation armed conflict including recruitment use comprehensive system collecting verifying reporting violation unscr 1612 2005 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Monitoring and reporting on the recruitment and use of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and reporting on the (re-)recruitment of children is an important component of prevention and should be given adequate investment in terms of resourcing, capacity, safety and time. The UN mandated monitoring and reporting mechanism (MRM) on grave violations of child rights in situations of armed conflict, including their recruitment and use, is a comprehensive system for collecting, verifying and reporting on such violations (UNSCR 1612 (2005)). The MRM is designed \u201cto provide for the systematic gathering of accurate, timely, objective and reliable information on grave violations committed against children\u201d5 within the context of armed conflict that will enable responses to increase compliance with international legal obligations and to end and prevent violations. Where the MRM has been activated, engagement with parties to the conflict to develop action plans to eliminate recruitment and use of children can both lead to release of children in the ranks of armed forces or groups and provide opportunities to prevent future (re-)recruitment (see section 5.3). Where possible and safe to do so, DDR processes should support engagement with armed forces and groups and be part of verification of compliance with such action plans, including commitments to release children.Any activities should adhere to mandatory reporting laws on child abuse or gender-based violence against children, regardless of whether an MRM has been activated. Practitioners should be clear about what these laws are, be sure that children understand any mandatory reporting nationally and provide informed consent if relevant. Referral pathways for necessary response services should be available before engaging with survivors so that referrals can be made in the event of a disclosure.In addition, where relevant and safe, there should be coordination, harmonization and cross checks with the Monitoring and Reporting Arrangement (MARA) of the Conflict Related Sexual Violence (CRSV). CRSV takes multiple forms such as rape, forced pregnancy, forced sterilization, forced abortion, forced prostitution, sexual exploitation, trafficking, sexual enslavement, forced circumcision, castration, forced nudity or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity. Depending on the circumstances, it could constitute a war crime, a crime against humanity, genocide, torture or other gross violation of human rights. See definition of CRSV: Analytical and Conceptual Framing of Conflict-related Sexual Violence, June 2011.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1100, "Sentence":"The MRM is designed \u201cto provide for the systematic gathering of accurate, timely, objective and reliable information on grave violations committed against children\u201d5 within the context of armed conflict that will enable responses to increase compliance with international legal obligations and to end and prevent violations.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR mrm designed \u201c provide systematic gathering accurate timely objective reliable information grave violation committed child \u201d 5 within context armed conflict enable response increase compliance international legal obligation end prevent violation ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Monitoring and reporting on the recruitment and use of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and reporting on the (re-)recruitment of children is an important component of prevention and should be given adequate investment in terms of resourcing, capacity, safety and time. The UN mandated monitoring and reporting mechanism (MRM) on grave violations of child rights in situations of armed conflict, including their recruitment and use, is a comprehensive system for collecting, verifying and reporting on such violations (UNSCR 1612 (2005)). The MRM is designed \u201cto provide for the systematic gathering of accurate, timely, objective and reliable information on grave violations committed against children\u201d5 within the context of armed conflict that will enable responses to increase compliance with international legal obligations and to end and prevent violations. Where the MRM has been activated, engagement with parties to the conflict to develop action plans to eliminate recruitment and use of children can both lead to release of children in the ranks of armed forces or groups and provide opportunities to prevent future (re-)recruitment (see section 5.3). Where possible and safe to do so, DDR processes should support engagement with armed forces and groups and be part of verification of compliance with such action plans, including commitments to release children.Any activities should adhere to mandatory reporting laws on child abuse or gender-based violence against children, regardless of whether an MRM has been activated. Practitioners should be clear about what these laws are, be sure that children understand any mandatory reporting nationally and provide informed consent if relevant. Referral pathways for necessary response services should be available before engaging with survivors so that referrals can be made in the event of a disclosure.In addition, where relevant and safe, there should be coordination, harmonization and cross checks with the Monitoring and Reporting Arrangement (MARA) of the Conflict Related Sexual Violence (CRSV). CRSV takes multiple forms such as rape, forced pregnancy, forced sterilization, forced abortion, forced prostitution, sexual exploitation, trafficking, sexual enslavement, forced circumcision, castration, forced nudity or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity. Depending on the circumstances, it could constitute a war crime, a crime against humanity, genocide, torture or other gross violation of human rights. See definition of CRSV: Analytical and Conceptual Framing of Conflict-related Sexual Violence, June 2011.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1100, "Sentence":"Where the MRM has been activated, engagement with parties to the conflict to develop action plans to eliminate recruitment and use of children can both lead to release of children in the ranks of armed forces or groups and provide opportunities to prevent future (re-)recruitment (see section 5.3).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR mrm activated engagement party conflict develop action plan eliminate recruitment use child lead release child rank armed force group provide opportunity prevent future rerecruitment see section 5.3 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Monitoring and reporting on the recruitment and use of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and reporting on the (re-)recruitment of children is an important component of prevention and should be given adequate investment in terms of resourcing, capacity, safety and time. The UN mandated monitoring and reporting mechanism (MRM) on grave violations of child rights in situations of armed conflict, including their recruitment and use, is a comprehensive system for collecting, verifying and reporting on such violations (UNSCR 1612 (2005)). The MRM is designed \u201cto provide for the systematic gathering of accurate, timely, objective and reliable information on grave violations committed against children\u201d5 within the context of armed conflict that will enable responses to increase compliance with international legal obligations and to end and prevent violations. Where the MRM has been activated, engagement with parties to the conflict to develop action plans to eliminate recruitment and use of children can both lead to release of children in the ranks of armed forces or groups and provide opportunities to prevent future (re-)recruitment (see section 5.3). Where possible and safe to do so, DDR processes should support engagement with armed forces and groups and be part of verification of compliance with such action plans, including commitments to release children.Any activities should adhere to mandatory reporting laws on child abuse or gender-based violence against children, regardless of whether an MRM has been activated. Practitioners should be clear about what these laws are, be sure that children understand any mandatory reporting nationally and provide informed consent if relevant. Referral pathways for necessary response services should be available before engaging with survivors so that referrals can be made in the event of a disclosure.In addition, where relevant and safe, there should be coordination, harmonization and cross checks with the Monitoring and Reporting Arrangement (MARA) of the Conflict Related Sexual Violence (CRSV). CRSV takes multiple forms such as rape, forced pregnancy, forced sterilization, forced abortion, forced prostitution, sexual exploitation, trafficking, sexual enslavement, forced circumcision, castration, forced nudity or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity. Depending on the circumstances, it could constitute a war crime, a crime against humanity, genocide, torture or other gross violation of human rights. See definition of CRSV: Analytical and Conceptual Framing of Conflict-related Sexual Violence, June 2011.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1100, "Sentence":"Where possible and safe to do so, DDR processes should support engagement with armed forces and groups and be part of verification of compliance with such action plans, including commitments to release children.Any activities should adhere to mandatory reporting laws on child abuse or gender-based violence against children, regardless of whether an MRM has been activated.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR possible safe ddr process support engagement armed force group part verification compliance action plan including commitment release children.any activity adhere mandatory reporting law child abuse genderbased violence child regardless whether mrm activated ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Monitoring and reporting on the recruitment and use of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and reporting on the (re-)recruitment of children is an important component of prevention and should be given adequate investment in terms of resourcing, capacity, safety and time. The UN mandated monitoring and reporting mechanism (MRM) on grave violations of child rights in situations of armed conflict, including their recruitment and use, is a comprehensive system for collecting, verifying and reporting on such violations (UNSCR 1612 (2005)). The MRM is designed \u201cto provide for the systematic gathering of accurate, timely, objective and reliable information on grave violations committed against children\u201d5 within the context of armed conflict that will enable responses to increase compliance with international legal obligations and to end and prevent violations. Where the MRM has been activated, engagement with parties to the conflict to develop action plans to eliminate recruitment and use of children can both lead to release of children in the ranks of armed forces or groups and provide opportunities to prevent future (re-)recruitment (see section 5.3). Where possible and safe to do so, DDR processes should support engagement with armed forces and groups and be part of verification of compliance with such action plans, including commitments to release children.Any activities should adhere to mandatory reporting laws on child abuse or gender-based violence against children, regardless of whether an MRM has been activated. Practitioners should be clear about what these laws are, be sure that children understand any mandatory reporting nationally and provide informed consent if relevant. Referral pathways for necessary response services should be available before engaging with survivors so that referrals can be made in the event of a disclosure.In addition, where relevant and safe, there should be coordination, harmonization and cross checks with the Monitoring and Reporting Arrangement (MARA) of the Conflict Related Sexual Violence (CRSV). CRSV takes multiple forms such as rape, forced pregnancy, forced sterilization, forced abortion, forced prostitution, sexual exploitation, trafficking, sexual enslavement, forced circumcision, castration, forced nudity or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity. Depending on the circumstances, it could constitute a war crime, a crime against humanity, genocide, torture or other gross violation of human rights. See definition of CRSV: Analytical and Conceptual Framing of Conflict-related Sexual Violence, June 2011.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1100, "Sentence":"Practitioners should be clear about what these laws are, be sure that children understand any mandatory reporting nationally and provide informed consent if relevant.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR practitioner clear law sure child understand mandatory reporting nationally provide informed consent relevant ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Monitoring and reporting on the recruitment and use of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and reporting on the (re-)recruitment of children is an important component of prevention and should be given adequate investment in terms of resourcing, capacity, safety and time. The UN mandated monitoring and reporting mechanism (MRM) on grave violations of child rights in situations of armed conflict, including their recruitment and use, is a comprehensive system for collecting, verifying and reporting on such violations (UNSCR 1612 (2005)). The MRM is designed \u201cto provide for the systematic gathering of accurate, timely, objective and reliable information on grave violations committed against children\u201d5 within the context of armed conflict that will enable responses to increase compliance with international legal obligations and to end and prevent violations. Where the MRM has been activated, engagement with parties to the conflict to develop action plans to eliminate recruitment and use of children can both lead to release of children in the ranks of armed forces or groups and provide opportunities to prevent future (re-)recruitment (see section 5.3). Where possible and safe to do so, DDR processes should support engagement with armed forces and groups and be part of verification of compliance with such action plans, including commitments to release children.Any activities should adhere to mandatory reporting laws on child abuse or gender-based violence against children, regardless of whether an MRM has been activated. Practitioners should be clear about what these laws are, be sure that children understand any mandatory reporting nationally and provide informed consent if relevant. Referral pathways for necessary response services should be available before engaging with survivors so that referrals can be made in the event of a disclosure.In addition, where relevant and safe, there should be coordination, harmonization and cross checks with the Monitoring and Reporting Arrangement (MARA) of the Conflict Related Sexual Violence (CRSV). CRSV takes multiple forms such as rape, forced pregnancy, forced sterilization, forced abortion, forced prostitution, sexual exploitation, trafficking, sexual enslavement, forced circumcision, castration, forced nudity or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity. Depending on the circumstances, it could constitute a war crime, a crime against humanity, genocide, torture or other gross violation of human rights. See definition of CRSV: Analytical and Conceptual Framing of Conflict-related Sexual Violence, June 2011.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1100, "Sentence":"Referral pathways for necessary response services should be available before engaging with survivors so that referrals can be made in the event of a disclosure.In addition, where relevant and safe, there should be coordination, harmonization and cross checks with the Monitoring and Reporting Arrangement (MARA) of the Conflict Related Sexual Violence (CRSV).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR referral pathway necessary response service available engaging survivor referral made event disclosure.in addition relevant safe coordination harmonization cross check monitoring reporting arrangement mara conflict related sexual violence crsv ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Monitoring and reporting on the recruitment and use of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and reporting on the (re-)recruitment of children is an important component of prevention and should be given adequate investment in terms of resourcing, capacity, safety and time. The UN mandated monitoring and reporting mechanism (MRM) on grave violations of child rights in situations of armed conflict, including their recruitment and use, is a comprehensive system for collecting, verifying and reporting on such violations (UNSCR 1612 (2005)). The MRM is designed \u201cto provide for the systematic gathering of accurate, timely, objective and reliable information on grave violations committed against children\u201d5 within the context of armed conflict that will enable responses to increase compliance with international legal obligations and to end and prevent violations. Where the MRM has been activated, engagement with parties to the conflict to develop action plans to eliminate recruitment and use of children can both lead to release of children in the ranks of armed forces or groups and provide opportunities to prevent future (re-)recruitment (see section 5.3). Where possible and safe to do so, DDR processes should support engagement with armed forces and groups and be part of verification of compliance with such action plans, including commitments to release children.Any activities should adhere to mandatory reporting laws on child abuse or gender-based violence against children, regardless of whether an MRM has been activated. Practitioners should be clear about what these laws are, be sure that children understand any mandatory reporting nationally and provide informed consent if relevant. Referral pathways for necessary response services should be available before engaging with survivors so that referrals can be made in the event of a disclosure.In addition, where relevant and safe, there should be coordination, harmonization and cross checks with the Monitoring and Reporting Arrangement (MARA) of the Conflict Related Sexual Violence (CRSV). CRSV takes multiple forms such as rape, forced pregnancy, forced sterilization, forced abortion, forced prostitution, sexual exploitation, trafficking, sexual enslavement, forced circumcision, castration, forced nudity or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity. Depending on the circumstances, it could constitute a war crime, a crime against humanity, genocide, torture or other gross violation of human rights. See definition of CRSV: Analytical and Conceptual Framing of Conflict-related Sexual Violence, June 2011.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1100, "Sentence":"CRSV takes multiple forms such as rape, forced pregnancy, forced sterilization, forced abortion, forced prostitution, sexual exploitation, trafficking, sexual enslavement, forced circumcision, castration, forced nudity or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR crsv take multiple form rape forced pregnancy forced sterilization forced abortion forced prostitution sexual exploitation trafficking sexual enslavement forced circumcision castration forced nudity form sexual violence comparable gravity ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Monitoring and reporting on the recruitment and use of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and reporting on the (re-)recruitment of children is an important component of prevention and should be given adequate investment in terms of resourcing, capacity, safety and time. The UN mandated monitoring and reporting mechanism (MRM) on grave violations of child rights in situations of armed conflict, including their recruitment and use, is a comprehensive system for collecting, verifying and reporting on such violations (UNSCR 1612 (2005)). The MRM is designed \u201cto provide for the systematic gathering of accurate, timely, objective and reliable information on grave violations committed against children\u201d5 within the context of armed conflict that will enable responses to increase compliance with international legal obligations and to end and prevent violations. Where the MRM has been activated, engagement with parties to the conflict to develop action plans to eliminate recruitment and use of children can both lead to release of children in the ranks of armed forces or groups and provide opportunities to prevent future (re-)recruitment (see section 5.3). Where possible and safe to do so, DDR processes should support engagement with armed forces and groups and be part of verification of compliance with such action plans, including commitments to release children.Any activities should adhere to mandatory reporting laws on child abuse or gender-based violence against children, regardless of whether an MRM has been activated. Practitioners should be clear about what these laws are, be sure that children understand any mandatory reporting nationally and provide informed consent if relevant. Referral pathways for necessary response services should be available before engaging with survivors so that referrals can be made in the event of a disclosure.In addition, where relevant and safe, there should be coordination, harmonization and cross checks with the Monitoring and Reporting Arrangement (MARA) of the Conflict Related Sexual Violence (CRSV). CRSV takes multiple forms such as rape, forced pregnancy, forced sterilization, forced abortion, forced prostitution, sexual exploitation, trafficking, sexual enslavement, forced circumcision, castration, forced nudity or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity. Depending on the circumstances, it could constitute a war crime, a crime against humanity, genocide, torture or other gross violation of human rights. See definition of CRSV: Analytical and Conceptual Framing of Conflict-related Sexual Violence, June 2011.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1100, "Sentence":"Depending on the circumstances, it could constitute a war crime, a crime against humanity, genocide, torture or other gross violation of human rights.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR depending circumstance could constitute war crime crime humanity genocide torture gross violation human right ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Prevention of recruitment and re-recruitment of children", "Heading2":"7.2 Prevention of recruitment through the creation of a protective environment", "Heading3":"7.2.7 Monitoring and reporting on the recruitment and use of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and reporting on the (re-)recruitment of children is an important component of prevention and should be given adequate investment in terms of resourcing, capacity, safety and time. The UN mandated monitoring and reporting mechanism (MRM) on grave violations of child rights in situations of armed conflict, including their recruitment and use, is a comprehensive system for collecting, verifying and reporting on such violations (UNSCR 1612 (2005)). The MRM is designed \u201cto provide for the systematic gathering of accurate, timely, objective and reliable information on grave violations committed against children\u201d5 within the context of armed conflict that will enable responses to increase compliance with international legal obligations and to end and prevent violations. Where the MRM has been activated, engagement with parties to the conflict to develop action plans to eliminate recruitment and use of children can both lead to release of children in the ranks of armed forces or groups and provide opportunities to prevent future (re-)recruitment (see section 5.3). Where possible and safe to do so, DDR processes should support engagement with armed forces and groups and be part of verification of compliance with such action plans, including commitments to release children.Any activities should adhere to mandatory reporting laws on child abuse or gender-based violence against children, regardless of whether an MRM has been activated. Practitioners should be clear about what these laws are, be sure that children understand any mandatory reporting nationally and provide informed consent if relevant. Referral pathways for necessary response services should be available before engaging with survivors so that referrals can be made in the event of a disclosure.In addition, where relevant and safe, there should be coordination, harmonization and cross checks with the Monitoring and Reporting Arrangement (MARA) of the Conflict Related Sexual Violence (CRSV). CRSV takes multiple forms such as rape, forced pregnancy, forced sterilization, forced abortion, forced prostitution, sexual exploitation, trafficking, sexual enslavement, forced circumcision, castration, forced nudity or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity. Depending on the circumstances, it could constitute a war crime, a crime against humanity, genocide, torture or other gross violation of human rights. See definition of CRSV: Analytical and Conceptual Framing of Conflict-related Sexual Violence, June 2011.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1100, "Sentence":"See definition of CRSV: Analytical and Conceptual Framing of Conflict-related Sexual Violence, June 2011.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR see definition crsv analytical conceptual framing conflictrelated sexual violence june 2011 ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"When designing and implementing DDR processes for CAAFAG, DDR practitioners and child protection actors must tailor support to the individual child and root them in community-based approaches and structures.Individualized interventions recognize that there important differences between children based on age; from those who may appear to have voluntarily joined an armed force or group and those who have been obviously forced to do so; from those who have made decisions and been given leadership or other responsibilities when they were members of armed forces and groups and those who have been slaves; and from those who have a family waiting for them and those who cannot or wish not to return, etc. Not all children will require the same level of attention, the same approach, or the same support. Some children (e.g., girl mothers, child heads of households, etc.) may have current responsibilities that require training support for immediate employment. Workable ways of addressing each child\u2019s situation should be developed.However, it is critical that support to CAAFAG be provided through broader holistic community-based strategies and approaches, that target CAAFAG as well as other children in conflict-affected communities. Providing similar services and reintegration support that benefit children within the wider community will mitigate against the risk of resentment, while also serving as a prevention tool that can build community resilience and address some of the underlying factors that contribute to the (re)recruitment of children into armed forces and groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1101, "Sentence":"When designing and implementing DDR processes for CAAFAG, DDR practitioners and child protection actors must tailor support to the individual child and root them in community-based approaches and structures.Individualized interventions recognize that there important differences between children based on age; from those who may appear to have voluntarily joined an armed force or group and those who have been obviously forced to do so; from those who have made decisions and been given leadership or other responsibilities when they were members of armed forces and groups and those who have been slaves; and from those who have a family waiting for them and those who cannot or wish not to return, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR designing implementing ddr process caafag ddr practitioner child protection actor must tailor support individual child root communitybased approach structures.individualized intervention recognize important difference child based age may appear voluntarily joined armed force group obviously forced made decision given leadership responsibility member armed force group slave family waiting wish return etc ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"When designing and implementing DDR processes for CAAFAG, DDR practitioners and child protection actors must tailor support to the individual child and root them in community-based approaches and structures.Individualized interventions recognize that there important differences between children based on age; from those who may appear to have voluntarily joined an armed force or group and those who have been obviously forced to do so; from those who have made decisions and been given leadership or other responsibilities when they were members of armed forces and groups and those who have been slaves; and from those who have a family waiting for them and those who cannot or wish not to return, etc. Not all children will require the same level of attention, the same approach, or the same support. Some children (e.g., girl mothers, child heads of households, etc.) may have current responsibilities that require training support for immediate employment. Workable ways of addressing each child\u2019s situation should be developed.However, it is critical that support to CAAFAG be provided through broader holistic community-based strategies and approaches, that target CAAFAG as well as other children in conflict-affected communities. Providing similar services and reintegration support that benefit children within the wider community will mitigate against the risk of resentment, while also serving as a prevention tool that can build community resilience and address some of the underlying factors that contribute to the (re)recruitment of children into armed forces and groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1101, "Sentence":"Not all children will require the same level of attention, the same approach, or the same support.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child require level attention approach support ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"When designing and implementing DDR processes for CAAFAG, DDR practitioners and child protection actors must tailor support to the individual child and root them in community-based approaches and structures.Individualized interventions recognize that there important differences between children based on age; from those who may appear to have voluntarily joined an armed force or group and those who have been obviously forced to do so; from those who have made decisions and been given leadership or other responsibilities when they were members of armed forces and groups and those who have been slaves; and from those who have a family waiting for them and those who cannot or wish not to return, etc. Not all children will require the same level of attention, the same approach, or the same support. Some children (e.g., girl mothers, child heads of households, etc.) may have current responsibilities that require training support for immediate employment. Workable ways of addressing each child\u2019s situation should be developed.However, it is critical that support to CAAFAG be provided through broader holistic community-based strategies and approaches, that target CAAFAG as well as other children in conflict-affected communities. Providing similar services and reintegration support that benefit children within the wider community will mitigate against the risk of resentment, while also serving as a prevention tool that can build community resilience and address some of the underlying factors that contribute to the (re)recruitment of children into armed forces and groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1101, "Sentence":"Some children (e.g., girl mothers, child heads of households, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child e.g . girl mother child head household etc ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"When designing and implementing DDR processes for CAAFAG, DDR practitioners and child protection actors must tailor support to the individual child and root them in community-based approaches and structures.Individualized interventions recognize that there important differences between children based on age; from those who may appear to have voluntarily joined an armed force or group and those who have been obviously forced to do so; from those who have made decisions and been given leadership or other responsibilities when they were members of armed forces and groups and those who have been slaves; and from those who have a family waiting for them and those who cannot or wish not to return, etc. Not all children will require the same level of attention, the same approach, or the same support. Some children (e.g., girl mothers, child heads of households, etc.) may have current responsibilities that require training support for immediate employment. Workable ways of addressing each child\u2019s situation should be developed.However, it is critical that support to CAAFAG be provided through broader holistic community-based strategies and approaches, that target CAAFAG as well as other children in conflict-affected communities. Providing similar services and reintegration support that benefit children within the wider community will mitigate against the risk of resentment, while also serving as a prevention tool that can build community resilience and address some of the underlying factors that contribute to the (re)recruitment of children into armed forces and groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1101, "Sentence":"may have current responsibilities that require training support for immediate employment.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR may current responsibility require training support immediate employment ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"When designing and implementing DDR processes for CAAFAG, DDR practitioners and child protection actors must tailor support to the individual child and root them in community-based approaches and structures.Individualized interventions recognize that there important differences between children based on age; from those who may appear to have voluntarily joined an armed force or group and those who have been obviously forced to do so; from those who have made decisions and been given leadership or other responsibilities when they were members of armed forces and groups and those who have been slaves; and from those who have a family waiting for them and those who cannot or wish not to return, etc. Not all children will require the same level of attention, the same approach, or the same support. Some children (e.g., girl mothers, child heads of households, etc.) may have current responsibilities that require training support for immediate employment. Workable ways of addressing each child\u2019s situation should be developed.However, it is critical that support to CAAFAG be provided through broader holistic community-based strategies and approaches, that target CAAFAG as well as other children in conflict-affected communities. Providing similar services and reintegration support that benefit children within the wider community will mitigate against the risk of resentment, while also serving as a prevention tool that can build community resilience and address some of the underlying factors that contribute to the (re)recruitment of children into armed forces and groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1101, "Sentence":"Workable ways of addressing each child\u2019s situation should be developed.However, it is critical that support to CAAFAG be provided through broader holistic community-based strategies and approaches, that target CAAFAG as well as other children in conflict-affected communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR workable way addressing child \u2019 situation developed.however critical support caafag provided broader holistic communitybased strategy approach target caafag well child conflictaffected community ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"When designing and implementing DDR processes for CAAFAG, DDR practitioners and child protection actors must tailor support to the individual child and root them in community-based approaches and structures.Individualized interventions recognize that there important differences between children based on age; from those who may appear to have voluntarily joined an armed force or group and those who have been obviously forced to do so; from those who have made decisions and been given leadership or other responsibilities when they were members of armed forces and groups and those who have been slaves; and from those who have a family waiting for them and those who cannot or wish not to return, etc. Not all children will require the same level of attention, the same approach, or the same support. Some children (e.g., girl mothers, child heads of households, etc.) may have current responsibilities that require training support for immediate employment. Workable ways of addressing each child\u2019s situation should be developed.However, it is critical that support to CAAFAG be provided through broader holistic community-based strategies and approaches, that target CAAFAG as well as other children in conflict-affected communities. Providing similar services and reintegration support that benefit children within the wider community will mitigate against the risk of resentment, while also serving as a prevention tool that can build community resilience and address some of the underlying factors that contribute to the (re)recruitment of children into armed forces and groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1101, "Sentence":"Providing similar services and reintegration support that benefit children within the wider community will mitigate against the risk of resentment, while also serving as a prevention tool that can build community resilience and address some of the underlying factors that contribute to the (re)recruitment of children into armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR providing similar service reintegration support benefit child within wider community mitigate risk resentment also serving prevention tool build community resilience address underlying factor contribute rerecruitment child armed force group ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Disarmament may represent the first sustained contact for CAAFAG with people outside of the armed force or group. This can be a difficult process, as it is often the first step in the transition from military to civilian life. As outlined in section 4.2.1, CAAFAG shall be eligible for DDR processes for children irrespective of whether they present themselves with a weapon or ammunition and irrespective of the role they may have played. Children with weapons and ammunition shall be disarmed, preferably by a military or government authority rather than a DDR practitioner or child protection actor. They shall not be required to demonstrate that they know how to use a weapon. CAAFAG shall be given the option of receiving a document certifying the surrender of their weapon or ammunition if there is a procedure in place and if this is in their best interests. For example, this would be a positive option if the certificate can protect the child against any doubt over his\/her surrender of the weapon\/ammunition, but not if it will be seen as an admission of guilt and participation in violence in an unstable or insecure environment or if it could lead to criminal prosecution (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1102, "Sentence":"Disarmament may represent the first sustained contact for CAAFAG with people outside of the armed force or group.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR disarmament may represent first sustained contact caafag people outside armed force group ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Disarmament may represent the first sustained contact for CAAFAG with people outside of the armed force or group. This can be a difficult process, as it is often the first step in the transition from military to civilian life. As outlined in section 4.2.1, CAAFAG shall be eligible for DDR processes for children irrespective of whether they present themselves with a weapon or ammunition and irrespective of the role they may have played. Children with weapons and ammunition shall be disarmed, preferably by a military or government authority rather than a DDR practitioner or child protection actor. They shall not be required to demonstrate that they know how to use a weapon. CAAFAG shall be given the option of receiving a document certifying the surrender of their weapon or ammunition if there is a procedure in place and if this is in their best interests. For example, this would be a positive option if the certificate can protect the child against any doubt over his\/her surrender of the weapon\/ammunition, but not if it will be seen as an admission of guilt and participation in violence in an unstable or insecure environment or if it could lead to criminal prosecution (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1102, "Sentence":"This can be a difficult process, as it is often the first step in the transition from military to civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR difficult process often first step transition military civilian life ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Disarmament may represent the first sustained contact for CAAFAG with people outside of the armed force or group. This can be a difficult process, as it is often the first step in the transition from military to civilian life. As outlined in section 4.2.1, CAAFAG shall be eligible for DDR processes for children irrespective of whether they present themselves with a weapon or ammunition and irrespective of the role they may have played. Children with weapons and ammunition shall be disarmed, preferably by a military or government authority rather than a DDR practitioner or child protection actor. They shall not be required to demonstrate that they know how to use a weapon. CAAFAG shall be given the option of receiving a document certifying the surrender of their weapon or ammunition if there is a procedure in place and if this is in their best interests. For example, this would be a positive option if the certificate can protect the child against any doubt over his\/her surrender of the weapon\/ammunition, but not if it will be seen as an admission of guilt and participation in violence in an unstable or insecure environment or if it could lead to criminal prosecution (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1102, "Sentence":"As outlined in section 4.2.1, CAAFAG shall be eligible for DDR processes for children irrespective of whether they present themselves with a weapon or ammunition and irrespective of the role they may have played.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR outlined section 4.2.1 caafag shall eligible ddr process child irrespective whether present weapon ammunition irrespective role may played ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Disarmament may represent the first sustained contact for CAAFAG with people outside of the armed force or group. This can be a difficult process, as it is often the first step in the transition from military to civilian life. As outlined in section 4.2.1, CAAFAG shall be eligible for DDR processes for children irrespective of whether they present themselves with a weapon or ammunition and irrespective of the role they may have played. Children with weapons and ammunition shall be disarmed, preferably by a military or government authority rather than a DDR practitioner or child protection actor. They shall not be required to demonstrate that they know how to use a weapon. CAAFAG shall be given the option of receiving a document certifying the surrender of their weapon or ammunition if there is a procedure in place and if this is in their best interests. For example, this would be a positive option if the certificate can protect the child against any doubt over his\/her surrender of the weapon\/ammunition, but not if it will be seen as an admission of guilt and participation in violence in an unstable or insecure environment or if it could lead to criminal prosecution (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1102, "Sentence":"Children with weapons and ammunition shall be disarmed, preferably by a military or government authority rather than a DDR practitioner or child protection actor.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child weapon ammunition shall disarmed preferably military government authority rather ddr practitioner child protection actor ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Disarmament may represent the first sustained contact for CAAFAG with people outside of the armed force or group. This can be a difficult process, as it is often the first step in the transition from military to civilian life. As outlined in section 4.2.1, CAAFAG shall be eligible for DDR processes for children irrespective of whether they present themselves with a weapon or ammunition and irrespective of the role they may have played. Children with weapons and ammunition shall be disarmed, preferably by a military or government authority rather than a DDR practitioner or child protection actor. They shall not be required to demonstrate that they know how to use a weapon. CAAFAG shall be given the option of receiving a document certifying the surrender of their weapon or ammunition if there is a procedure in place and if this is in their best interests. For example, this would be a positive option if the certificate can protect the child against any doubt over his\/her surrender of the weapon\/ammunition, but not if it will be seen as an admission of guilt and participation in violence in an unstable or insecure environment or if it could lead to criminal prosecution (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1102, "Sentence":"They shall not be required to demonstrate that they know how to use a weapon.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR shall required demonstrate know use weapon ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Disarmament may represent the first sustained contact for CAAFAG with people outside of the armed force or group. This can be a difficult process, as it is often the first step in the transition from military to civilian life. As outlined in section 4.2.1, CAAFAG shall be eligible for DDR processes for children irrespective of whether they present themselves with a weapon or ammunition and irrespective of the role they may have played. Children with weapons and ammunition shall be disarmed, preferably by a military or government authority rather than a DDR practitioner or child protection actor. They shall not be required to demonstrate that they know how to use a weapon. CAAFAG shall be given the option of receiving a document certifying the surrender of their weapon or ammunition if there is a procedure in place and if this is in their best interests. For example, this would be a positive option if the certificate can protect the child against any doubt over his\/her surrender of the weapon\/ammunition, but not if it will be seen as an admission of guilt and participation in violence in an unstable or insecure environment or if it could lead to criminal prosecution (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1102, "Sentence":"CAAFAG shall be given the option of receiving a document certifying the surrender of their weapon or ammunition if there is a procedure in place and if this is in their best interests.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR caafag shall given option receiving document certifying surrender weapon ammunition procedure place best interest ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Disarmament may represent the first sustained contact for CAAFAG with people outside of the armed force or group. This can be a difficult process, as it is often the first step in the transition from military to civilian life. As outlined in section 4.2.1, CAAFAG shall be eligible for DDR processes for children irrespective of whether they present themselves with a weapon or ammunition and irrespective of the role they may have played. Children with weapons and ammunition shall be disarmed, preferably by a military or government authority rather than a DDR practitioner or child protection actor. They shall not be required to demonstrate that they know how to use a weapon. CAAFAG shall be given the option of receiving a document certifying the surrender of their weapon or ammunition if there is a procedure in place and if this is in their best interests. For example, this would be a positive option if the certificate can protect the child against any doubt over his\/her surrender of the weapon\/ammunition, but not if it will be seen as an admission of guilt and participation in violence in an unstable or insecure environment or if it could lead to criminal prosecution (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1102, "Sentence":"For example, this would be a positive option if the certificate can protect the child against any doubt over his\/her surrender of the weapon\/ammunition, but not if it will be seen as an admission of guilt and participation in violence in an unstable or insecure environment or if it could lead to criminal prosecution (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR example would positive option certificate protect child doubt his\/her surrender weapon\/ammunition seen admission guilt participation violence unstable insecure environment could lead criminal prosecution see iddrs 4.10 disarmament ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Transition from military to civilian life may be difficult for CAAFAG because, in spite of the hardships they may have experienced during their association, they may also have found a defined role, responsibility, purpose, status and power in an armed force or group. For children who have been in an armed force or group for many years, it may at first seem impossible to conceive of a new life; this is particularly true of younger children or CAAFAG who have been indoctrinated to believe that military life is best for them and who know nothing else.DDR practitioners must work together with child protection actors to prioritize physically removing CAAFAG from contact with adult combatants. Removing CAAFAG from armed forces and groups should be done in a responsible but efficient way. Symbolic actions \u2013 such as replacing military clothing with civilian clothing \u2013 can aid this adjustment; however, such actions must be clearly explained, and the child\u2019s welfare must be paramount. Providing civilian documentation such as identity papers may be symbolic but also practical as it may allow the child to access certain services and therefore ease the child\u2019s reintegration. Children need immediate reassurance that there are fair and realistic alternatives to military life and should receive information that they can understand about the benefits of participating in DDR processes as well as the different steps of the process. However, under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not absolutely certain they can deliver.Official documentation marking demobilization may help to protect children from abuse by authorities or armed forces and groups that are still active. However, staff should establish that such documents cannot be seen and will not be used as an admission of guilt or wrongdoing. Official identification documents certifying that a child has demobilized can be provided when this protects children from re-recruitment and assures their access to reintegration support. Civilian documents proving the identity of the child with no mention of his\/her participation in an armed force or group should be made available as soon as possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1103, "Sentence":"Transition from military to civilian life may be difficult for CAAFAG because, in spite of the hardships they may have experienced during their association, they may also have found a defined role, responsibility, purpose, status and power in an armed force or group.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR transition military civilian life may difficult caafag spite hardship may experienced association may also found defined role responsibility purpose status power armed force group ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Transition from military to civilian life may be difficult for CAAFAG because, in spite of the hardships they may have experienced during their association, they may also have found a defined role, responsibility, purpose, status and power in an armed force or group. For children who have been in an armed force or group for many years, it may at first seem impossible to conceive of a new life; this is particularly true of younger children or CAAFAG who have been indoctrinated to believe that military life is best for them and who know nothing else.DDR practitioners must work together with child protection actors to prioritize physically removing CAAFAG from contact with adult combatants. Removing CAAFAG from armed forces and groups should be done in a responsible but efficient way. Symbolic actions \u2013 such as replacing military clothing with civilian clothing \u2013 can aid this adjustment; however, such actions must be clearly explained, and the child\u2019s welfare must be paramount. Providing civilian documentation such as identity papers may be symbolic but also practical as it may allow the child to access certain services and therefore ease the child\u2019s reintegration. Children need immediate reassurance that there are fair and realistic alternatives to military life and should receive information that they can understand about the benefits of participating in DDR processes as well as the different steps of the process. However, under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not absolutely certain they can deliver.Official documentation marking demobilization may help to protect children from abuse by authorities or armed forces and groups that are still active. However, staff should establish that such documents cannot be seen and will not be used as an admission of guilt or wrongdoing. Official identification documents certifying that a child has demobilized can be provided when this protects children from re-recruitment and assures their access to reintegration support. Civilian documents proving the identity of the child with no mention of his\/her participation in an armed force or group should be made available as soon as possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1103, "Sentence":"For children who have been in an armed force or group for many years, it may at first seem impossible to conceive of a new life; this is particularly true of younger children or CAAFAG who have been indoctrinated to believe that military life is best for them and who know nothing else.DDR practitioners must work together with child protection actors to prioritize physically removing CAAFAG from contact with adult combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child armed force group many year may first seem impossible conceive new life particularly true younger child caafag indoctrinated believe military life best know nothing else.ddr practitioner must work together child protection actor prioritize physically removing caafag contact adult combatant ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Transition from military to civilian life may be difficult for CAAFAG because, in spite of the hardships they may have experienced during their association, they may also have found a defined role, responsibility, purpose, status and power in an armed force or group. For children who have been in an armed force or group for many years, it may at first seem impossible to conceive of a new life; this is particularly true of younger children or CAAFAG who have been indoctrinated to believe that military life is best for them and who know nothing else.DDR practitioners must work together with child protection actors to prioritize physically removing CAAFAG from contact with adult combatants. Removing CAAFAG from armed forces and groups should be done in a responsible but efficient way. Symbolic actions \u2013 such as replacing military clothing with civilian clothing \u2013 can aid this adjustment; however, such actions must be clearly explained, and the child\u2019s welfare must be paramount. Providing civilian documentation such as identity papers may be symbolic but also practical as it may allow the child to access certain services and therefore ease the child\u2019s reintegration. Children need immediate reassurance that there are fair and realistic alternatives to military life and should receive information that they can understand about the benefits of participating in DDR processes as well as the different steps of the process. However, under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not absolutely certain they can deliver.Official documentation marking demobilization may help to protect children from abuse by authorities or armed forces and groups that are still active. However, staff should establish that such documents cannot be seen and will not be used as an admission of guilt or wrongdoing. Official identification documents certifying that a child has demobilized can be provided when this protects children from re-recruitment and assures their access to reintegration support. Civilian documents proving the identity of the child with no mention of his\/her participation in an armed force or group should be made available as soon as possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1103, "Sentence":"Removing CAAFAG from armed forces and groups should be done in a responsible but efficient way.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR removing caafag armed force group done responsible efficient way ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Transition from military to civilian life may be difficult for CAAFAG because, in spite of the hardships they may have experienced during their association, they may also have found a defined role, responsibility, purpose, status and power in an armed force or group. For children who have been in an armed force or group for many years, it may at first seem impossible to conceive of a new life; this is particularly true of younger children or CAAFAG who have been indoctrinated to believe that military life is best for them and who know nothing else.DDR practitioners must work together with child protection actors to prioritize physically removing CAAFAG from contact with adult combatants. Removing CAAFAG from armed forces and groups should be done in a responsible but efficient way. Symbolic actions \u2013 such as replacing military clothing with civilian clothing \u2013 can aid this adjustment; however, such actions must be clearly explained, and the child\u2019s welfare must be paramount. Providing civilian documentation such as identity papers may be symbolic but also practical as it may allow the child to access certain services and therefore ease the child\u2019s reintegration. Children need immediate reassurance that there are fair and realistic alternatives to military life and should receive information that they can understand about the benefits of participating in DDR processes as well as the different steps of the process. However, under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not absolutely certain they can deliver.Official documentation marking demobilization may help to protect children from abuse by authorities or armed forces and groups that are still active. However, staff should establish that such documents cannot be seen and will not be used as an admission of guilt or wrongdoing. Official identification documents certifying that a child has demobilized can be provided when this protects children from re-recruitment and assures their access to reintegration support. Civilian documents proving the identity of the child with no mention of his\/her participation in an armed force or group should be made available as soon as possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1103, "Sentence":"Symbolic actions \u2013 such as replacing military clothing with civilian clothing \u2013 can aid this adjustment; however, such actions must be clearly explained, and the child\u2019s welfare must be paramount.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR symbolic action \u2013 replacing military clothing civilian clothing \u2013 aid adjustment however action must clearly explained child \u2019 welfare must paramount ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Transition from military to civilian life may be difficult for CAAFAG because, in spite of the hardships they may have experienced during their association, they may also have found a defined role, responsibility, purpose, status and power in an armed force or group. For children who have been in an armed force or group for many years, it may at first seem impossible to conceive of a new life; this is particularly true of younger children or CAAFAG who have been indoctrinated to believe that military life is best for them and who know nothing else.DDR practitioners must work together with child protection actors to prioritize physically removing CAAFAG from contact with adult combatants. Removing CAAFAG from armed forces and groups should be done in a responsible but efficient way. Symbolic actions \u2013 such as replacing military clothing with civilian clothing \u2013 can aid this adjustment; however, such actions must be clearly explained, and the child\u2019s welfare must be paramount. Providing civilian documentation such as identity papers may be symbolic but also practical as it may allow the child to access certain services and therefore ease the child\u2019s reintegration. Children need immediate reassurance that there are fair and realistic alternatives to military life and should receive information that they can understand about the benefits of participating in DDR processes as well as the different steps of the process. However, under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not absolutely certain they can deliver.Official documentation marking demobilization may help to protect children from abuse by authorities or armed forces and groups that are still active. However, staff should establish that such documents cannot be seen and will not be used as an admission of guilt or wrongdoing. Official identification documents certifying that a child has demobilized can be provided when this protects children from re-recruitment and assures their access to reintegration support. Civilian documents proving the identity of the child with no mention of his\/her participation in an armed force or group should be made available as soon as possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1103, "Sentence":"Providing civilian documentation such as identity papers may be symbolic but also practical as it may allow the child to access certain services and therefore ease the child\u2019s reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR providing civilian documentation identity paper may symbolic also practical may allow child access certain service therefore ease child \u2019 reintegration ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Transition from military to civilian life may be difficult for CAAFAG because, in spite of the hardships they may have experienced during their association, they may also have found a defined role, responsibility, purpose, status and power in an armed force or group. For children who have been in an armed force or group for many years, it may at first seem impossible to conceive of a new life; this is particularly true of younger children or CAAFAG who have been indoctrinated to believe that military life is best for them and who know nothing else.DDR practitioners must work together with child protection actors to prioritize physically removing CAAFAG from contact with adult combatants. Removing CAAFAG from armed forces and groups should be done in a responsible but efficient way. Symbolic actions \u2013 such as replacing military clothing with civilian clothing \u2013 can aid this adjustment; however, such actions must be clearly explained, and the child\u2019s welfare must be paramount. Providing civilian documentation such as identity papers may be symbolic but also practical as it may allow the child to access certain services and therefore ease the child\u2019s reintegration. Children need immediate reassurance that there are fair and realistic alternatives to military life and should receive information that they can understand about the benefits of participating in DDR processes as well as the different steps of the process. However, under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not absolutely certain they can deliver.Official documentation marking demobilization may help to protect children from abuse by authorities or armed forces and groups that are still active. However, staff should establish that such documents cannot be seen and will not be used as an admission of guilt or wrongdoing. Official identification documents certifying that a child has demobilized can be provided when this protects children from re-recruitment and assures their access to reintegration support. Civilian documents proving the identity of the child with no mention of his\/her participation in an armed force or group should be made available as soon as possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1103, "Sentence":"Children need immediate reassurance that there are fair and realistic alternatives to military life and should receive information that they can understand about the benefits of participating in DDR processes as well as the different steps of the process.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child need immediate reassurance fair realistic alternative military life receive information understand benefit participating ddr process well different step process ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Transition from military to civilian life may be difficult for CAAFAG because, in spite of the hardships they may have experienced during their association, they may also have found a defined role, responsibility, purpose, status and power in an armed force or group. For children who have been in an armed force or group for many years, it may at first seem impossible to conceive of a new life; this is particularly true of younger children or CAAFAG who have been indoctrinated to believe that military life is best for them and who know nothing else.DDR practitioners must work together with child protection actors to prioritize physically removing CAAFAG from contact with adult combatants. Removing CAAFAG from armed forces and groups should be done in a responsible but efficient way. Symbolic actions \u2013 such as replacing military clothing with civilian clothing \u2013 can aid this adjustment; however, such actions must be clearly explained, and the child\u2019s welfare must be paramount. Providing civilian documentation such as identity papers may be symbolic but also practical as it may allow the child to access certain services and therefore ease the child\u2019s reintegration. Children need immediate reassurance that there are fair and realistic alternatives to military life and should receive information that they can understand about the benefits of participating in DDR processes as well as the different steps of the process. However, under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not absolutely certain they can deliver.Official documentation marking demobilization may help to protect children from abuse by authorities or armed forces and groups that are still active. However, staff should establish that such documents cannot be seen and will not be used as an admission of guilt or wrongdoing. Official identification documents certifying that a child has demobilized can be provided when this protects children from re-recruitment and assures their access to reintegration support. Civilian documents proving the identity of the child with no mention of his\/her participation in an armed force or group should be made available as soon as possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1103, "Sentence":"However, under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not absolutely certain they can deliver.Official documentation marking demobilization may help to protect children from abuse by authorities or armed forces and groups that are still active.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR however circumstance interviewer practitioner make promise give assurance absolutely certain deliver.official documentation marking demobilization may help protect child abuse authority armed force group still active ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Transition from military to civilian life may be difficult for CAAFAG because, in spite of the hardships they may have experienced during their association, they may also have found a defined role, responsibility, purpose, status and power in an armed force or group. For children who have been in an armed force or group for many years, it may at first seem impossible to conceive of a new life; this is particularly true of younger children or CAAFAG who have been indoctrinated to believe that military life is best for them and who know nothing else.DDR practitioners must work together with child protection actors to prioritize physically removing CAAFAG from contact with adult combatants. Removing CAAFAG from armed forces and groups should be done in a responsible but efficient way. Symbolic actions \u2013 such as replacing military clothing with civilian clothing \u2013 can aid this adjustment; however, such actions must be clearly explained, and the child\u2019s welfare must be paramount. Providing civilian documentation such as identity papers may be symbolic but also practical as it may allow the child to access certain services and therefore ease the child\u2019s reintegration. Children need immediate reassurance that there are fair and realistic alternatives to military life and should receive information that they can understand about the benefits of participating in DDR processes as well as the different steps of the process. However, under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not absolutely certain they can deliver.Official documentation marking demobilization may help to protect children from abuse by authorities or armed forces and groups that are still active. However, staff should establish that such documents cannot be seen and will not be used as an admission of guilt or wrongdoing. Official identification documents certifying that a child has demobilized can be provided when this protects children from re-recruitment and assures their access to reintegration support. Civilian documents proving the identity of the child with no mention of his\/her participation in an armed force or group should be made available as soon as possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1103, "Sentence":"However, staff should establish that such documents cannot be seen and will not be used as an admission of guilt or wrongdoing.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR however staff establish document seen used admission guilt wrongdoing ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Transition from military to civilian life may be difficult for CAAFAG because, in spite of the hardships they may have experienced during their association, they may also have found a defined role, responsibility, purpose, status and power in an armed force or group. For children who have been in an armed force or group for many years, it may at first seem impossible to conceive of a new life; this is particularly true of younger children or CAAFAG who have been indoctrinated to believe that military life is best for them and who know nothing else.DDR practitioners must work together with child protection actors to prioritize physically removing CAAFAG from contact with adult combatants. Removing CAAFAG from armed forces and groups should be done in a responsible but efficient way. Symbolic actions \u2013 such as replacing military clothing with civilian clothing \u2013 can aid this adjustment; however, such actions must be clearly explained, and the child\u2019s welfare must be paramount. Providing civilian documentation such as identity papers may be symbolic but also practical as it may allow the child to access certain services and therefore ease the child\u2019s reintegration. Children need immediate reassurance that there are fair and realistic alternatives to military life and should receive information that they can understand about the benefits of participating in DDR processes as well as the different steps of the process. However, under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not absolutely certain they can deliver.Official documentation marking demobilization may help to protect children from abuse by authorities or armed forces and groups that are still active. However, staff should establish that such documents cannot be seen and will not be used as an admission of guilt or wrongdoing. Official identification documents certifying that a child has demobilized can be provided when this protects children from re-recruitment and assures their access to reintegration support. Civilian documents proving the identity of the child with no mention of his\/her participation in an armed force or group should be made available as soon as possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1103, "Sentence":"Official identification documents certifying that a child has demobilized can be provided when this protects children from re-recruitment and assures their access to reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR official identification document certifying child demobilized provided protects child rerecruitment assures access reintegration support ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Transition from military to civilian life may be difficult for CAAFAG because, in spite of the hardships they may have experienced during their association, they may also have found a defined role, responsibility, purpose, status and power in an armed force or group. For children who have been in an armed force or group for many years, it may at first seem impossible to conceive of a new life; this is particularly true of younger children or CAAFAG who have been indoctrinated to believe that military life is best for them and who know nothing else.DDR practitioners must work together with child protection actors to prioritize physically removing CAAFAG from contact with adult combatants. Removing CAAFAG from armed forces and groups should be done in a responsible but efficient way. Symbolic actions \u2013 such as replacing military clothing with civilian clothing \u2013 can aid this adjustment; however, such actions must be clearly explained, and the child\u2019s welfare must be paramount. Providing civilian documentation such as identity papers may be symbolic but also practical as it may allow the child to access certain services and therefore ease the child\u2019s reintegration. Children need immediate reassurance that there are fair and realistic alternatives to military life and should receive information that they can understand about the benefits of participating in DDR processes as well as the different steps of the process. However, under no circumstances should interviewers or practitioners make promises or give assurances that they are not absolutely certain they can deliver.Official documentation marking demobilization may help to protect children from abuse by authorities or armed forces and groups that are still active. However, staff should establish that such documents cannot be seen and will not be used as an admission of guilt or wrongdoing. Official identification documents certifying that a child has demobilized can be provided when this protects children from re-recruitment and assures their access to reintegration support. Civilian documents proving the identity of the child with no mention of his\/her participation in an armed force or group should be made available as soon as possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1103, "Sentence":"Civilian documents proving the identity of the child with no mention of his\/her participation in an armed force or group should be made available as soon as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR civilian document proving identity child mention his\/her participation armed force group made available soon possible ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"8.2.1 Demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Depending on the specific DDR process in place, demobilization may occur at semi- permanent military-controlled sites (such as cantonment sites), reception centres or mobile demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When reporting to such sites, the time CAAFAG spend at the site shall be as short as possible, and every effort shall be made to rapidly identify them, register them and supply them with their immediate needs. Where possible, children should be identified before arrival at the demobilization site so that the documentation process (identification, verification, registration, medical needs) and other applicable procedures last no longer than 48 hours, after which they shall be transferred to an interim care centre (ICC) for children or to another location under civilian control. If CAAFAG report or are brought to mobile demobilization sites or reception centres, standard operating procedures shall be in place outlining when and how the handover to civilian authorities will take place.At all demobilization sites, semi-permanent or otherwise, particular attention shall be given to the safety and protection of children during their stay, through measures such as proper lighting, regular surveillance and security patrols. Children shall be physically separated from adult combatants, and a security system shall be established to prevent adult access to them. Girl mothers, however, shall not be separated from their children. Separate accommodation must be provided for boys and girls, including separate washing and toilet facilities, with specific health services provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health services and hygiene kits adapted to specific needs). Female staff shall be provided for locations where girls are staying.Since a number of girls are likely to be mothers, demobilization sites shall also be designed to provide proper food and health care for infants and young children, with childcare assistance provided for mothers unable to care for their children. Demobilization sites must, without exception, provide medical health screening, including sexual health screening to all children, and provide necessary treatment. Efforts shall be made to improve the overall health of CAAFAG through early detection, immunization, treatment of severe conditions (such as malaria and acute respiratory infections), treatment for wounds and injuries, triage and referral of serious cases to secondary\/tertiary facilities (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).Children shall be informed that they have the right not to be abused or exploited including the right to protection from sexual exploitation and abuse, and child labour, and that they have the right and ability, through adapted and efficient reporting and complaints mechanisms, to report abuse. When children do report abuse or exploitation by adult former combatants, staff or adult caregivers, they shall not be stigmatized or made to feel disloyal in any way. Their complaints must also be acted upon immediately through child-friendly mechanisms designed and put in place to protect them from such exploitation and to punish the offenders to the fullest extent possible. If children reporting abuse request such a service, they shall be given space and time to share their emotions and reflect on their experiences with health workers trained in psychotherapeutic assistance. Mechanisms shall be established to prevent offending staff from working with children in similar situations in the future (see also section 4.10.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1104, "Sentence":"Depending on the specific DDR process in place, demobilization may occur at semi- permanent military-controlled sites (such as cantonment sites), reception centres or mobile demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR depending specific ddr process place demobilization may occur semi permanent militarycontrolled site cantonment site reception centre mobile demobilization site see iddrs 4.20 demobilization ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"8.2.1 Demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Depending on the specific DDR process in place, demobilization may occur at semi- permanent military-controlled sites (such as cantonment sites), reception centres or mobile demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When reporting to such sites, the time CAAFAG spend at the site shall be as short as possible, and every effort shall be made to rapidly identify them, register them and supply them with their immediate needs. Where possible, children should be identified before arrival at the demobilization site so that the documentation process (identification, verification, registration, medical needs) and other applicable procedures last no longer than 48 hours, after which they shall be transferred to an interim care centre (ICC) for children or to another location under civilian control. If CAAFAG report or are brought to mobile demobilization sites or reception centres, standard operating procedures shall be in place outlining when and how the handover to civilian authorities will take place.At all demobilization sites, semi-permanent or otherwise, particular attention shall be given to the safety and protection of children during their stay, through measures such as proper lighting, regular surveillance and security patrols. Children shall be physically separated from adult combatants, and a security system shall be established to prevent adult access to them. Girl mothers, however, shall not be separated from their children. Separate accommodation must be provided for boys and girls, including separate washing and toilet facilities, with specific health services provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health services and hygiene kits adapted to specific needs). Female staff shall be provided for locations where girls are staying.Since a number of girls are likely to be mothers, demobilization sites shall also be designed to provide proper food and health care for infants and young children, with childcare assistance provided for mothers unable to care for their children. Demobilization sites must, without exception, provide medical health screening, including sexual health screening to all children, and provide necessary treatment. Efforts shall be made to improve the overall health of CAAFAG through early detection, immunization, treatment of severe conditions (such as malaria and acute respiratory infections), treatment for wounds and injuries, triage and referral of serious cases to secondary\/tertiary facilities (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).Children shall be informed that they have the right not to be abused or exploited including the right to protection from sexual exploitation and abuse, and child labour, and that they have the right and ability, through adapted and efficient reporting and complaints mechanisms, to report abuse. When children do report abuse or exploitation by adult former combatants, staff or adult caregivers, they shall not be stigmatized or made to feel disloyal in any way. Their complaints must also be acted upon immediately through child-friendly mechanisms designed and put in place to protect them from such exploitation and to punish the offenders to the fullest extent possible. If children reporting abuse request such a service, they shall be given space and time to share their emotions and reflect on their experiences with health workers trained in psychotherapeutic assistance. Mechanisms shall be established to prevent offending staff from working with children in similar situations in the future (see also section 4.10.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1104, "Sentence":"When reporting to such sites, the time CAAFAG spend at the site shall be as short as possible, and every effort shall be made to rapidly identify them, register them and supply them with their immediate needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR reporting site time caafag spend site shall short possible every effort shall made rapidly identify register supply immediate need ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"8.2.1 Demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Depending on the specific DDR process in place, demobilization may occur at semi- permanent military-controlled sites (such as cantonment sites), reception centres or mobile demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When reporting to such sites, the time CAAFAG spend at the site shall be as short as possible, and every effort shall be made to rapidly identify them, register them and supply them with their immediate needs. Where possible, children should be identified before arrival at the demobilization site so that the documentation process (identification, verification, registration, medical needs) and other applicable procedures last no longer than 48 hours, after which they shall be transferred to an interim care centre (ICC) for children or to another location under civilian control. If CAAFAG report or are brought to mobile demobilization sites or reception centres, standard operating procedures shall be in place outlining when and how the handover to civilian authorities will take place.At all demobilization sites, semi-permanent or otherwise, particular attention shall be given to the safety and protection of children during their stay, through measures such as proper lighting, regular surveillance and security patrols. Children shall be physically separated from adult combatants, and a security system shall be established to prevent adult access to them. Girl mothers, however, shall not be separated from their children. Separate accommodation must be provided for boys and girls, including separate washing and toilet facilities, with specific health services provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health services and hygiene kits adapted to specific needs). Female staff shall be provided for locations where girls are staying.Since a number of girls are likely to be mothers, demobilization sites shall also be designed to provide proper food and health care for infants and young children, with childcare assistance provided for mothers unable to care for their children. Demobilization sites must, without exception, provide medical health screening, including sexual health screening to all children, and provide necessary treatment. Efforts shall be made to improve the overall health of CAAFAG through early detection, immunization, treatment of severe conditions (such as malaria and acute respiratory infections), treatment for wounds and injuries, triage and referral of serious cases to secondary\/tertiary facilities (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).Children shall be informed that they have the right not to be abused or exploited including the right to protection from sexual exploitation and abuse, and child labour, and that they have the right and ability, through adapted and efficient reporting and complaints mechanisms, to report abuse. When children do report abuse or exploitation by adult former combatants, staff or adult caregivers, they shall not be stigmatized or made to feel disloyal in any way. Their complaints must also be acted upon immediately through child-friendly mechanisms designed and put in place to protect them from such exploitation and to punish the offenders to the fullest extent possible. If children reporting abuse request such a service, they shall be given space and time to share their emotions and reflect on their experiences with health workers trained in psychotherapeutic assistance. Mechanisms shall be established to prevent offending staff from working with children in similar situations in the future (see also section 4.10.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1104, "Sentence":"Where possible, children should be identified before arrival at the demobilization site so that the documentation process (identification, verification, registration, medical needs) and other applicable procedures last no longer than 48 hours, after which they shall be transferred to an interim care centre (ICC) for children or to another location under civilian control.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR possible child identified arrival demobilization site documentation process identification verification registration medical need applicable procedure last longer 48 hour shall transferred interim care centre icc child another location civilian control ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"8.2.1 Demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Depending on the specific DDR process in place, demobilization may occur at semi- permanent military-controlled sites (such as cantonment sites), reception centres or mobile demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When reporting to such sites, the time CAAFAG spend at the site shall be as short as possible, and every effort shall be made to rapidly identify them, register them and supply them with their immediate needs. Where possible, children should be identified before arrival at the demobilization site so that the documentation process (identification, verification, registration, medical needs) and other applicable procedures last no longer than 48 hours, after which they shall be transferred to an interim care centre (ICC) for children or to another location under civilian control. If CAAFAG report or are brought to mobile demobilization sites or reception centres, standard operating procedures shall be in place outlining when and how the handover to civilian authorities will take place.At all demobilization sites, semi-permanent or otherwise, particular attention shall be given to the safety and protection of children during their stay, through measures such as proper lighting, regular surveillance and security patrols. Children shall be physically separated from adult combatants, and a security system shall be established to prevent adult access to them. Girl mothers, however, shall not be separated from their children. Separate accommodation must be provided for boys and girls, including separate washing and toilet facilities, with specific health services provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health services and hygiene kits adapted to specific needs). Female staff shall be provided for locations where girls are staying.Since a number of girls are likely to be mothers, demobilization sites shall also be designed to provide proper food and health care for infants and young children, with childcare assistance provided for mothers unable to care for their children. Demobilization sites must, without exception, provide medical health screening, including sexual health screening to all children, and provide necessary treatment. Efforts shall be made to improve the overall health of CAAFAG through early detection, immunization, treatment of severe conditions (such as malaria and acute respiratory infections), treatment for wounds and injuries, triage and referral of serious cases to secondary\/tertiary facilities (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).Children shall be informed that they have the right not to be abused or exploited including the right to protection from sexual exploitation and abuse, and child labour, and that they have the right and ability, through adapted and efficient reporting and complaints mechanisms, to report abuse. When children do report abuse or exploitation by adult former combatants, staff or adult caregivers, they shall not be stigmatized or made to feel disloyal in any way. Their complaints must also be acted upon immediately through child-friendly mechanisms designed and put in place to protect them from such exploitation and to punish the offenders to the fullest extent possible. If children reporting abuse request such a service, they shall be given space and time to share their emotions and reflect on their experiences with health workers trained in psychotherapeutic assistance. Mechanisms shall be established to prevent offending staff from working with children in similar situations in the future (see also section 4.10.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1104, "Sentence":"If CAAFAG report or are brought to mobile demobilization sites or reception centres, standard operating procedures shall be in place outlining when and how the handover to civilian authorities will take place.At all demobilization sites, semi-permanent or otherwise, particular attention shall be given to the safety and protection of children during their stay, through measures such as proper lighting, regular surveillance and security patrols.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR caafag report brought mobile demobilization site reception centre standard operating procedure shall place outlining handover civilian authority take place.at demobilization site semipermanent otherwise particular attention shall given safety protection child stay measure proper lighting regular surveillance security patrol ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"8.2.1 Demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Depending on the specific DDR process in place, demobilization may occur at semi- permanent military-controlled sites (such as cantonment sites), reception centres or mobile demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When reporting to such sites, the time CAAFAG spend at the site shall be as short as possible, and every effort shall be made to rapidly identify them, register them and supply them with their immediate needs. Where possible, children should be identified before arrival at the demobilization site so that the documentation process (identification, verification, registration, medical needs) and other applicable procedures last no longer than 48 hours, after which they shall be transferred to an interim care centre (ICC) for children or to another location under civilian control. If CAAFAG report or are brought to mobile demobilization sites or reception centres, standard operating procedures shall be in place outlining when and how the handover to civilian authorities will take place.At all demobilization sites, semi-permanent or otherwise, particular attention shall be given to the safety and protection of children during their stay, through measures such as proper lighting, regular surveillance and security patrols. Children shall be physically separated from adult combatants, and a security system shall be established to prevent adult access to them. Girl mothers, however, shall not be separated from their children. Separate accommodation must be provided for boys and girls, including separate washing and toilet facilities, with specific health services provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health services and hygiene kits adapted to specific needs). Female staff shall be provided for locations where girls are staying.Since a number of girls are likely to be mothers, demobilization sites shall also be designed to provide proper food and health care for infants and young children, with childcare assistance provided for mothers unable to care for their children. Demobilization sites must, without exception, provide medical health screening, including sexual health screening to all children, and provide necessary treatment. Efforts shall be made to improve the overall health of CAAFAG through early detection, immunization, treatment of severe conditions (such as malaria and acute respiratory infections), treatment for wounds and injuries, triage and referral of serious cases to secondary\/tertiary facilities (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).Children shall be informed that they have the right not to be abused or exploited including the right to protection from sexual exploitation and abuse, and child labour, and that they have the right and ability, through adapted and efficient reporting and complaints mechanisms, to report abuse. When children do report abuse or exploitation by adult former combatants, staff or adult caregivers, they shall not be stigmatized or made to feel disloyal in any way. Their complaints must also be acted upon immediately through child-friendly mechanisms designed and put in place to protect them from such exploitation and to punish the offenders to the fullest extent possible. If children reporting abuse request such a service, they shall be given space and time to share their emotions and reflect on their experiences with health workers trained in psychotherapeutic assistance. Mechanisms shall be established to prevent offending staff from working with children in similar situations in the future (see also section 4.10.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1104, "Sentence":"Children shall be physically separated from adult combatants, and a security system shall be established to prevent adult access to them.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child shall physically separated adult combatant security system shall established prevent adult access ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"8.2.1 Demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Depending on the specific DDR process in place, demobilization may occur at semi- permanent military-controlled sites (such as cantonment sites), reception centres or mobile demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When reporting to such sites, the time CAAFAG spend at the site shall be as short as possible, and every effort shall be made to rapidly identify them, register them and supply them with their immediate needs. Where possible, children should be identified before arrival at the demobilization site so that the documentation process (identification, verification, registration, medical needs) and other applicable procedures last no longer than 48 hours, after which they shall be transferred to an interim care centre (ICC) for children or to another location under civilian control. If CAAFAG report or are brought to mobile demobilization sites or reception centres, standard operating procedures shall be in place outlining when and how the handover to civilian authorities will take place.At all demobilization sites, semi-permanent or otherwise, particular attention shall be given to the safety and protection of children during their stay, through measures such as proper lighting, regular surveillance and security patrols. Children shall be physically separated from adult combatants, and a security system shall be established to prevent adult access to them. Girl mothers, however, shall not be separated from their children. Separate accommodation must be provided for boys and girls, including separate washing and toilet facilities, with specific health services provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health services and hygiene kits adapted to specific needs). Female staff shall be provided for locations where girls are staying.Since a number of girls are likely to be mothers, demobilization sites shall also be designed to provide proper food and health care for infants and young children, with childcare assistance provided for mothers unable to care for their children. Demobilization sites must, without exception, provide medical health screening, including sexual health screening to all children, and provide necessary treatment. Efforts shall be made to improve the overall health of CAAFAG through early detection, immunization, treatment of severe conditions (such as malaria and acute respiratory infections), treatment for wounds and injuries, triage and referral of serious cases to secondary\/tertiary facilities (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).Children shall be informed that they have the right not to be abused or exploited including the right to protection from sexual exploitation and abuse, and child labour, and that they have the right and ability, through adapted and efficient reporting and complaints mechanisms, to report abuse. When children do report abuse or exploitation by adult former combatants, staff or adult caregivers, they shall not be stigmatized or made to feel disloyal in any way. Their complaints must also be acted upon immediately through child-friendly mechanisms designed and put in place to protect them from such exploitation and to punish the offenders to the fullest extent possible. If children reporting abuse request such a service, they shall be given space and time to share their emotions and reflect on their experiences with health workers trained in psychotherapeutic assistance. Mechanisms shall be established to prevent offending staff from working with children in similar situations in the future (see also section 4.10.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1104, "Sentence":"Girl mothers, however, shall not be separated from their children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR girl mother however shall separated child ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"8.2.1 Demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Depending on the specific DDR process in place, demobilization may occur at semi- permanent military-controlled sites (such as cantonment sites), reception centres or mobile demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When reporting to such sites, the time CAAFAG spend at the site shall be as short as possible, and every effort shall be made to rapidly identify them, register them and supply them with their immediate needs. Where possible, children should be identified before arrival at the demobilization site so that the documentation process (identification, verification, registration, medical needs) and other applicable procedures last no longer than 48 hours, after which they shall be transferred to an interim care centre (ICC) for children or to another location under civilian control. If CAAFAG report or are brought to mobile demobilization sites or reception centres, standard operating procedures shall be in place outlining when and how the handover to civilian authorities will take place.At all demobilization sites, semi-permanent or otherwise, particular attention shall be given to the safety and protection of children during their stay, through measures such as proper lighting, regular surveillance and security patrols. Children shall be physically separated from adult combatants, and a security system shall be established to prevent adult access to them. Girl mothers, however, shall not be separated from their children. Separate accommodation must be provided for boys and girls, including separate washing and toilet facilities, with specific health services provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health services and hygiene kits adapted to specific needs). Female staff shall be provided for locations where girls are staying.Since a number of girls are likely to be mothers, demobilization sites shall also be designed to provide proper food and health care for infants and young children, with childcare assistance provided for mothers unable to care for their children. Demobilization sites must, without exception, provide medical health screening, including sexual health screening to all children, and provide necessary treatment. Efforts shall be made to improve the overall health of CAAFAG through early detection, immunization, treatment of severe conditions (such as malaria and acute respiratory infections), treatment for wounds and injuries, triage and referral of serious cases to secondary\/tertiary facilities (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).Children shall be informed that they have the right not to be abused or exploited including the right to protection from sexual exploitation and abuse, and child labour, and that they have the right and ability, through adapted and efficient reporting and complaints mechanisms, to report abuse. When children do report abuse or exploitation by adult former combatants, staff or adult caregivers, they shall not be stigmatized or made to feel disloyal in any way. Their complaints must also be acted upon immediately through child-friendly mechanisms designed and put in place to protect them from such exploitation and to punish the offenders to the fullest extent possible. If children reporting abuse request such a service, they shall be given space and time to share their emotions and reflect on their experiences with health workers trained in psychotherapeutic assistance. Mechanisms shall be established to prevent offending staff from working with children in similar situations in the future (see also section 4.10.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1104, "Sentence":"Separate accommodation must be provided for boys and girls, including separate washing and toilet facilities, with specific health services provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health services and hygiene kits adapted to specific needs).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR separate accommodation must provided boy girl including separate washing toilet facility specific health service provided necessary e.g . reproductive health service hygiene kit adapted specific need ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"8.2.1 Demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Depending on the specific DDR process in place, demobilization may occur at semi- permanent military-controlled sites (such as cantonment sites), reception centres or mobile demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When reporting to such sites, the time CAAFAG spend at the site shall be as short as possible, and every effort shall be made to rapidly identify them, register them and supply them with their immediate needs. Where possible, children should be identified before arrival at the demobilization site so that the documentation process (identification, verification, registration, medical needs) and other applicable procedures last no longer than 48 hours, after which they shall be transferred to an interim care centre (ICC) for children or to another location under civilian control. If CAAFAG report or are brought to mobile demobilization sites or reception centres, standard operating procedures shall be in place outlining when and how the handover to civilian authorities will take place.At all demobilization sites, semi-permanent or otherwise, particular attention shall be given to the safety and protection of children during their stay, through measures such as proper lighting, regular surveillance and security patrols. Children shall be physically separated from adult combatants, and a security system shall be established to prevent adult access to them. Girl mothers, however, shall not be separated from their children. Separate accommodation must be provided for boys and girls, including separate washing and toilet facilities, with specific health services provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health services and hygiene kits adapted to specific needs). Female staff shall be provided for locations where girls are staying.Since a number of girls are likely to be mothers, demobilization sites shall also be designed to provide proper food and health care for infants and young children, with childcare assistance provided for mothers unable to care for their children. Demobilization sites must, without exception, provide medical health screening, including sexual health screening to all children, and provide necessary treatment. Efforts shall be made to improve the overall health of CAAFAG through early detection, immunization, treatment of severe conditions (such as malaria and acute respiratory infections), treatment for wounds and injuries, triage and referral of serious cases to secondary\/tertiary facilities (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).Children shall be informed that they have the right not to be abused or exploited including the right to protection from sexual exploitation and abuse, and child labour, and that they have the right and ability, through adapted and efficient reporting and complaints mechanisms, to report abuse. When children do report abuse or exploitation by adult former combatants, staff or adult caregivers, they shall not be stigmatized or made to feel disloyal in any way. Their complaints must also be acted upon immediately through child-friendly mechanisms designed and put in place to protect them from such exploitation and to punish the offenders to the fullest extent possible. If children reporting abuse request such a service, they shall be given space and time to share their emotions and reflect on their experiences with health workers trained in psychotherapeutic assistance. Mechanisms shall be established to prevent offending staff from working with children in similar situations in the future (see also section 4.10.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1104, "Sentence":"Female staff shall be provided for locations where girls are staying.Since a number of girls are likely to be mothers, demobilization sites shall also be designed to provide proper food and health care for infants and young children, with childcare assistance provided for mothers unable to care for their children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR female staff shall provided location girl staying.since number girl likely mother demobilization site shall also designed provide proper food health care infant young child childcare assistance provided mother unable care child ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"8.2.1 Demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Depending on the specific DDR process in place, demobilization may occur at semi- permanent military-controlled sites (such as cantonment sites), reception centres or mobile demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When reporting to such sites, the time CAAFAG spend at the site shall be as short as possible, and every effort shall be made to rapidly identify them, register them and supply them with their immediate needs. Where possible, children should be identified before arrival at the demobilization site so that the documentation process (identification, verification, registration, medical needs) and other applicable procedures last no longer than 48 hours, after which they shall be transferred to an interim care centre (ICC) for children or to another location under civilian control. If CAAFAG report or are brought to mobile demobilization sites or reception centres, standard operating procedures shall be in place outlining when and how the handover to civilian authorities will take place.At all demobilization sites, semi-permanent or otherwise, particular attention shall be given to the safety and protection of children during their stay, through measures such as proper lighting, regular surveillance and security patrols. Children shall be physically separated from adult combatants, and a security system shall be established to prevent adult access to them. Girl mothers, however, shall not be separated from their children. Separate accommodation must be provided for boys and girls, including separate washing and toilet facilities, with specific health services provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health services and hygiene kits adapted to specific needs). Female staff shall be provided for locations where girls are staying.Since a number of girls are likely to be mothers, demobilization sites shall also be designed to provide proper food and health care for infants and young children, with childcare assistance provided for mothers unable to care for their children. Demobilization sites must, without exception, provide medical health screening, including sexual health screening to all children, and provide necessary treatment. Efforts shall be made to improve the overall health of CAAFAG through early detection, immunization, treatment of severe conditions (such as malaria and acute respiratory infections), treatment for wounds and injuries, triage and referral of serious cases to secondary\/tertiary facilities (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).Children shall be informed that they have the right not to be abused or exploited including the right to protection from sexual exploitation and abuse, and child labour, and that they have the right and ability, through adapted and efficient reporting and complaints mechanisms, to report abuse. When children do report abuse or exploitation by adult former combatants, staff or adult caregivers, they shall not be stigmatized or made to feel disloyal in any way. Their complaints must also be acted upon immediately through child-friendly mechanisms designed and put in place to protect them from such exploitation and to punish the offenders to the fullest extent possible. If children reporting abuse request such a service, they shall be given space and time to share their emotions and reflect on their experiences with health workers trained in psychotherapeutic assistance. Mechanisms shall be established to prevent offending staff from working with children in similar situations in the future (see also section 4.10.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1104, "Sentence":"Demobilization sites must, without exception, provide medical health screening, including sexual health screening to all children, and provide necessary treatment.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR demobilization site must without exception provide medical health screening including sexual health screening child provide necessary treatment ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"8.2.1 Demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Depending on the specific DDR process in place, demobilization may occur at semi- permanent military-controlled sites (such as cantonment sites), reception centres or mobile demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When reporting to such sites, the time CAAFAG spend at the site shall be as short as possible, and every effort shall be made to rapidly identify them, register them and supply them with their immediate needs. Where possible, children should be identified before arrival at the demobilization site so that the documentation process (identification, verification, registration, medical needs) and other applicable procedures last no longer than 48 hours, after which they shall be transferred to an interim care centre (ICC) for children or to another location under civilian control. If CAAFAG report or are brought to mobile demobilization sites or reception centres, standard operating procedures shall be in place outlining when and how the handover to civilian authorities will take place.At all demobilization sites, semi-permanent or otherwise, particular attention shall be given to the safety and protection of children during their stay, through measures such as proper lighting, regular surveillance and security patrols. Children shall be physically separated from adult combatants, and a security system shall be established to prevent adult access to them. Girl mothers, however, shall not be separated from their children. Separate accommodation must be provided for boys and girls, including separate washing and toilet facilities, with specific health services provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health services and hygiene kits adapted to specific needs). Female staff shall be provided for locations where girls are staying.Since a number of girls are likely to be mothers, demobilization sites shall also be designed to provide proper food and health care for infants and young children, with childcare assistance provided for mothers unable to care for their children. Demobilization sites must, without exception, provide medical health screening, including sexual health screening to all children, and provide necessary treatment. Efforts shall be made to improve the overall health of CAAFAG through early detection, immunization, treatment of severe conditions (such as malaria and acute respiratory infections), treatment for wounds and injuries, triage and referral of serious cases to secondary\/tertiary facilities (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).Children shall be informed that they have the right not to be abused or exploited including the right to protection from sexual exploitation and abuse, and child labour, and that they have the right and ability, through adapted and efficient reporting and complaints mechanisms, to report abuse. When children do report abuse or exploitation by adult former combatants, staff or adult caregivers, they shall not be stigmatized or made to feel disloyal in any way. Their complaints must also be acted upon immediately through child-friendly mechanisms designed and put in place to protect them from such exploitation and to punish the offenders to the fullest extent possible. If children reporting abuse request such a service, they shall be given space and time to share their emotions and reflect on their experiences with health workers trained in psychotherapeutic assistance. Mechanisms shall be established to prevent offending staff from working with children in similar situations in the future (see also section 4.10.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1104, "Sentence":"Efforts shall be made to improve the overall health of CAAFAG through early detection, immunization, treatment of severe conditions (such as malaria and acute respiratory infections), treatment for wounds and injuries, triage and referral of serious cases to secondary\/tertiary facilities (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).Children shall be informed that they have the right not to be abused or exploited including the right to protection from sexual exploitation and abuse, and child labour, and that they have the right and ability, through adapted and efficient reporting and complaints mechanisms, to report abuse.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR effort shall made improve overall health caafag early detection immunization treatment severe condition malaria acute respiratory infection treatment wound injury triage referral serious case secondary\/tertiary facility see iddrs 5.70 health ddr.children shall informed right abused exploited including right protection sexual exploitation abuse child labour right ability adapted efficient reporting complaint mechanism report abuse ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"8.2.1 Demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Depending on the specific DDR process in place, demobilization may occur at semi- permanent military-controlled sites (such as cantonment sites), reception centres or mobile demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When reporting to such sites, the time CAAFAG spend at the site shall be as short as possible, and every effort shall be made to rapidly identify them, register them and supply them with their immediate needs. Where possible, children should be identified before arrival at the demobilization site so that the documentation process (identification, verification, registration, medical needs) and other applicable procedures last no longer than 48 hours, after which they shall be transferred to an interim care centre (ICC) for children or to another location under civilian control. If CAAFAG report or are brought to mobile demobilization sites or reception centres, standard operating procedures shall be in place outlining when and how the handover to civilian authorities will take place.At all demobilization sites, semi-permanent or otherwise, particular attention shall be given to the safety and protection of children during their stay, through measures such as proper lighting, regular surveillance and security patrols. Children shall be physically separated from adult combatants, and a security system shall be established to prevent adult access to them. Girl mothers, however, shall not be separated from their children. Separate accommodation must be provided for boys and girls, including separate washing and toilet facilities, with specific health services provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health services and hygiene kits adapted to specific needs). Female staff shall be provided for locations where girls are staying.Since a number of girls are likely to be mothers, demobilization sites shall also be designed to provide proper food and health care for infants and young children, with childcare assistance provided for mothers unable to care for their children. Demobilization sites must, without exception, provide medical health screening, including sexual health screening to all children, and provide necessary treatment. Efforts shall be made to improve the overall health of CAAFAG through early detection, immunization, treatment of severe conditions (such as malaria and acute respiratory infections), treatment for wounds and injuries, triage and referral of serious cases to secondary\/tertiary facilities (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).Children shall be informed that they have the right not to be abused or exploited including the right to protection from sexual exploitation and abuse, and child labour, and that they have the right and ability, through adapted and efficient reporting and complaints mechanisms, to report abuse. When children do report abuse or exploitation by adult former combatants, staff or adult caregivers, they shall not be stigmatized or made to feel disloyal in any way. Their complaints must also be acted upon immediately through child-friendly mechanisms designed and put in place to protect them from such exploitation and to punish the offenders to the fullest extent possible. If children reporting abuse request such a service, they shall be given space and time to share their emotions and reflect on their experiences with health workers trained in psychotherapeutic assistance. Mechanisms shall be established to prevent offending staff from working with children in similar situations in the future (see also section 4.10.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1104, "Sentence":"When children do report abuse or exploitation by adult former combatants, staff or adult caregivers, they shall not be stigmatized or made to feel disloyal in any way.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child report abuse exploitation adult former combatant staff adult caregiver shall stigmatized made feel disloyal way ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"8.2.1 Demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Depending on the specific DDR process in place, demobilization may occur at semi- permanent military-controlled sites (such as cantonment sites), reception centres or mobile demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When reporting to such sites, the time CAAFAG spend at the site shall be as short as possible, and every effort shall be made to rapidly identify them, register them and supply them with their immediate needs. Where possible, children should be identified before arrival at the demobilization site so that the documentation process (identification, verification, registration, medical needs) and other applicable procedures last no longer than 48 hours, after which they shall be transferred to an interim care centre (ICC) for children or to another location under civilian control. If CAAFAG report or are brought to mobile demobilization sites or reception centres, standard operating procedures shall be in place outlining when and how the handover to civilian authorities will take place.At all demobilization sites, semi-permanent or otherwise, particular attention shall be given to the safety and protection of children during their stay, through measures such as proper lighting, regular surveillance and security patrols. Children shall be physically separated from adult combatants, and a security system shall be established to prevent adult access to them. Girl mothers, however, shall not be separated from their children. Separate accommodation must be provided for boys and girls, including separate washing and toilet facilities, with specific health services provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health services and hygiene kits adapted to specific needs). Female staff shall be provided for locations where girls are staying.Since a number of girls are likely to be mothers, demobilization sites shall also be designed to provide proper food and health care for infants and young children, with childcare assistance provided for mothers unable to care for their children. Demobilization sites must, without exception, provide medical health screening, including sexual health screening to all children, and provide necessary treatment. Efforts shall be made to improve the overall health of CAAFAG through early detection, immunization, treatment of severe conditions (such as malaria and acute respiratory infections), treatment for wounds and injuries, triage and referral of serious cases to secondary\/tertiary facilities (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).Children shall be informed that they have the right not to be abused or exploited including the right to protection from sexual exploitation and abuse, and child labour, and that they have the right and ability, through adapted and efficient reporting and complaints mechanisms, to report abuse. When children do report abuse or exploitation by adult former combatants, staff or adult caregivers, they shall not be stigmatized or made to feel disloyal in any way. Their complaints must also be acted upon immediately through child-friendly mechanisms designed and put in place to protect them from such exploitation and to punish the offenders to the fullest extent possible. If children reporting abuse request such a service, they shall be given space and time to share their emotions and reflect on their experiences with health workers trained in psychotherapeutic assistance. Mechanisms shall be established to prevent offending staff from working with children in similar situations in the future (see also section 4.10.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1104, "Sentence":"Their complaints must also be acted upon immediately through child-friendly mechanisms designed and put in place to protect them from such exploitation and to punish the offenders to the fullest extent possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR complaint must also acted upon immediately childfriendly mechanism designed put place protect exploitation punish offender fullest extent possible ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"8.2.1 Demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Depending on the specific DDR process in place, demobilization may occur at semi- permanent military-controlled sites (such as cantonment sites), reception centres or mobile demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When reporting to such sites, the time CAAFAG spend at the site shall be as short as possible, and every effort shall be made to rapidly identify them, register them and supply them with their immediate needs. Where possible, children should be identified before arrival at the demobilization site so that the documentation process (identification, verification, registration, medical needs) and other applicable procedures last no longer than 48 hours, after which they shall be transferred to an interim care centre (ICC) for children or to another location under civilian control. If CAAFAG report or are brought to mobile demobilization sites or reception centres, standard operating procedures shall be in place outlining when and how the handover to civilian authorities will take place.At all demobilization sites, semi-permanent or otherwise, particular attention shall be given to the safety and protection of children during their stay, through measures such as proper lighting, regular surveillance and security patrols. Children shall be physically separated from adult combatants, and a security system shall be established to prevent adult access to them. Girl mothers, however, shall not be separated from their children. Separate accommodation must be provided for boys and girls, including separate washing and toilet facilities, with specific health services provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health services and hygiene kits adapted to specific needs). Female staff shall be provided for locations where girls are staying.Since a number of girls are likely to be mothers, demobilization sites shall also be designed to provide proper food and health care for infants and young children, with childcare assistance provided for mothers unable to care for their children. Demobilization sites must, without exception, provide medical health screening, including sexual health screening to all children, and provide necessary treatment. Efforts shall be made to improve the overall health of CAAFAG through early detection, immunization, treatment of severe conditions (such as malaria and acute respiratory infections), treatment for wounds and injuries, triage and referral of serious cases to secondary\/tertiary facilities (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).Children shall be informed that they have the right not to be abused or exploited including the right to protection from sexual exploitation and abuse, and child labour, and that they have the right and ability, through adapted and efficient reporting and complaints mechanisms, to report abuse. When children do report abuse or exploitation by adult former combatants, staff or adult caregivers, they shall not be stigmatized or made to feel disloyal in any way. Their complaints must also be acted upon immediately through child-friendly mechanisms designed and put in place to protect them from such exploitation and to punish the offenders to the fullest extent possible. If children reporting abuse request such a service, they shall be given space and time to share their emotions and reflect on their experiences with health workers trained in psychotherapeutic assistance. Mechanisms shall be established to prevent offending staff from working with children in similar situations in the future (see also section 4.10.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1104, "Sentence":"If children reporting abuse request such a service, they shall be given space and time to share their emotions and reflect on their experiences with health workers trained in psychotherapeutic assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child reporting abuse request service shall given space time share emotion reflect experience health worker trained psychotherapeutic assistance ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"8.2.1 Demobilization sites", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Depending on the specific DDR process in place, demobilization may occur at semi- permanent military-controlled sites (such as cantonment sites), reception centres or mobile demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). When reporting to such sites, the time CAAFAG spend at the site shall be as short as possible, and every effort shall be made to rapidly identify them, register them and supply them with their immediate needs. Where possible, children should be identified before arrival at the demobilization site so that the documentation process (identification, verification, registration, medical needs) and other applicable procedures last no longer than 48 hours, after which they shall be transferred to an interim care centre (ICC) for children or to another location under civilian control. If CAAFAG report or are brought to mobile demobilization sites or reception centres, standard operating procedures shall be in place outlining when and how the handover to civilian authorities will take place.At all demobilization sites, semi-permanent or otherwise, particular attention shall be given to the safety and protection of children during their stay, through measures such as proper lighting, regular surveillance and security patrols. Children shall be physically separated from adult combatants, and a security system shall be established to prevent adult access to them. Girl mothers, however, shall not be separated from their children. Separate accommodation must be provided for boys and girls, including separate washing and toilet facilities, with specific health services provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health services and hygiene kits adapted to specific needs). Female staff shall be provided for locations where girls are staying.Since a number of girls are likely to be mothers, demobilization sites shall also be designed to provide proper food and health care for infants and young children, with childcare assistance provided for mothers unable to care for their children. Demobilization sites must, without exception, provide medical health screening, including sexual health screening to all children, and provide necessary treatment. Efforts shall be made to improve the overall health of CAAFAG through early detection, immunization, treatment of severe conditions (such as malaria and acute respiratory infections), treatment for wounds and injuries, triage and referral of serious cases to secondary\/tertiary facilities (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).Children shall be informed that they have the right not to be abused or exploited including the right to protection from sexual exploitation and abuse, and child labour, and that they have the right and ability, through adapted and efficient reporting and complaints mechanisms, to report abuse. When children do report abuse or exploitation by adult former combatants, staff or adult caregivers, they shall not be stigmatized or made to feel disloyal in any way. Their complaints must also be acted upon immediately through child-friendly mechanisms designed and put in place to protect them from such exploitation and to punish the offenders to the fullest extent possible. If children reporting abuse request such a service, they shall be given space and time to share their emotions and reflect on their experiences with health workers trained in psychotherapeutic assistance. Mechanisms shall be established to prevent offending staff from working with children in similar situations in the future (see also section 4.10.1).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1104, "Sentence":"Mechanisms shall be established to prevent offending staff from working with children in similar situations in the future (see also section 4.10.1).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR mechanism shall established prevent offending staff working child similar situation future see also section 4.10.1 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.3 Interim alternative care", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Interim care centres", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres are not necessary in all DDR processes for children, especially when the placement of a child in an ICC delays family and community reunification. However, ICCs can be used as a last resort, as they provide a secure space that may help children sever their links with armed forces and groups; allow time for family tracing, verification and, if necessary, gradual reunification (see section 7.4); enable medical support to be provided, including mental health and psychosocial support; and provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness-raising\/ sensitization.ICCs are not the same as cantonment sites. ICCs shall be child-friendly and their management and services consistent with the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action\u2019s Minimum Standards and the Guiding Principles in Interim Care Planning and Provision6 for community- based interim care. The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. Factors of necessity and appropriateness shall also be considered with the aim that a child will be placed into an ICC only if there is no other family- or community-based interim care available, and any placement will be for the shortest period necessary. Staffing levels for ICCs shall depend on the number, ages and needs of children in the facility. Their care and protection should be paramount, with an emphasis on reuniting children with their families or providing alternative community- based care solutions as swiftly as possible (see Annex C for more details). While security of the facility is a key concern, ICCs shall remain child-friendly and not inadvertently transform into detention facilities.Adults shall not be accommodated at ICCs, and children accommodated at these centres should be grouped according to age (unless they are girl mothers). Tracing, verification, reunification, case management and monitoring should be carried out at ICCs to facilitate the return of children to their communities (including community outreach). Health check-ups and specialized health services should be provided \u2013 for example, reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, and voluntary and confidential HIV testing and counselling \u2013 while nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries should receive treatment. Children should receive counselling, including help to overcome distress or trauma, develop self- esteem and learn life skills; learn about reintegration and livelihood opportunities, as well as information about child labour; and receive peace education and training in non-violent conflict resolution to help them regain a sense of the social norms and routines of civilian life. Sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided to keep children occupied and help them build trust, but there should be no formal education or training activities within the ICC apart from assessments of literacy and numeracy. Formal education and training should be provided within the community. Children should be transferred as quickly as possible to their communities, consistent with their best interests, for reintegration into communities, education, and social cohesion activities with all children as well as any community-based case management support needed. Where return is not possible, family and community-based solutions should be sought.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1105, "Sentence":"Interim care centres are not necessary in all DDR processes for children, especially when the placement of a child in an ICC delays family and community reunification.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR interim care centre necessary ddr process child especially placement child icc delay family community reunification ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.3 Interim alternative care", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Interim care centres", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres are not necessary in all DDR processes for children, especially when the placement of a child in an ICC delays family and community reunification. However, ICCs can be used as a last resort, as they provide a secure space that may help children sever their links with armed forces and groups; allow time for family tracing, verification and, if necessary, gradual reunification (see section 7.4); enable medical support to be provided, including mental health and psychosocial support; and provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness-raising\/ sensitization.ICCs are not the same as cantonment sites. ICCs shall be child-friendly and their management and services consistent with the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action\u2019s Minimum Standards and the Guiding Principles in Interim Care Planning and Provision6 for community- based interim care. The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. Factors of necessity and appropriateness shall also be considered with the aim that a child will be placed into an ICC only if there is no other family- or community-based interim care available, and any placement will be for the shortest period necessary. Staffing levels for ICCs shall depend on the number, ages and needs of children in the facility. Their care and protection should be paramount, with an emphasis on reuniting children with their families or providing alternative community- based care solutions as swiftly as possible (see Annex C for more details). While security of the facility is a key concern, ICCs shall remain child-friendly and not inadvertently transform into detention facilities.Adults shall not be accommodated at ICCs, and children accommodated at these centres should be grouped according to age (unless they are girl mothers). Tracing, verification, reunification, case management and monitoring should be carried out at ICCs to facilitate the return of children to their communities (including community outreach). Health check-ups and specialized health services should be provided \u2013 for example, reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, and voluntary and confidential HIV testing and counselling \u2013 while nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries should receive treatment. Children should receive counselling, including help to overcome distress or trauma, develop self- esteem and learn life skills; learn about reintegration and livelihood opportunities, as well as information about child labour; and receive peace education and training in non-violent conflict resolution to help them regain a sense of the social norms and routines of civilian life. Sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided to keep children occupied and help them build trust, but there should be no formal education or training activities within the ICC apart from assessments of literacy and numeracy. Formal education and training should be provided within the community. Children should be transferred as quickly as possible to their communities, consistent with their best interests, for reintegration into communities, education, and social cohesion activities with all children as well as any community-based case management support needed. Where return is not possible, family and community-based solutions should be sought.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1105, "Sentence":"However, ICCs can be used as a last resort, as they provide a secure space that may help children sever their links with armed forces and groups; allow time for family tracing, verification and, if necessary, gradual reunification (see section 7.4); enable medical support to be provided, including mental health and psychosocial support; and provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness-raising\/ sensitization.ICCs are not the same as cantonment sites.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR however icc used last resort provide secure space may help child sever link armed force group allow time family tracing verification necessary gradual reunification see section 7.4 enable medical support provided including mental health psychosocial support provide opportunity predischarge awarenessraising\/ sensitization.iccs cantonment site ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.3 Interim alternative care", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Interim care centres", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres are not necessary in all DDR processes for children, especially when the placement of a child in an ICC delays family and community reunification. However, ICCs can be used as a last resort, as they provide a secure space that may help children sever their links with armed forces and groups; allow time for family tracing, verification and, if necessary, gradual reunification (see section 7.4); enable medical support to be provided, including mental health and psychosocial support; and provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness-raising\/ sensitization.ICCs are not the same as cantonment sites. ICCs shall be child-friendly and their management and services consistent with the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action\u2019s Minimum Standards and the Guiding Principles in Interim Care Planning and Provision6 for community- based interim care. The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. Factors of necessity and appropriateness shall also be considered with the aim that a child will be placed into an ICC only if there is no other family- or community-based interim care available, and any placement will be for the shortest period necessary. Staffing levels for ICCs shall depend on the number, ages and needs of children in the facility. Their care and protection should be paramount, with an emphasis on reuniting children with their families or providing alternative community- based care solutions as swiftly as possible (see Annex C for more details). While security of the facility is a key concern, ICCs shall remain child-friendly and not inadvertently transform into detention facilities.Adults shall not be accommodated at ICCs, and children accommodated at these centres should be grouped according to age (unless they are girl mothers). Tracing, verification, reunification, case management and monitoring should be carried out at ICCs to facilitate the return of children to their communities (including community outreach). Health check-ups and specialized health services should be provided \u2013 for example, reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, and voluntary and confidential HIV testing and counselling \u2013 while nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries should receive treatment. Children should receive counselling, including help to overcome distress or trauma, develop self- esteem and learn life skills; learn about reintegration and livelihood opportunities, as well as information about child labour; and receive peace education and training in non-violent conflict resolution to help them regain a sense of the social norms and routines of civilian life. Sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided to keep children occupied and help them build trust, but there should be no formal education or training activities within the ICC apart from assessments of literacy and numeracy. Formal education and training should be provided within the community. Children should be transferred as quickly as possible to their communities, consistent with their best interests, for reintegration into communities, education, and social cohesion activities with all children as well as any community-based case management support needed. Where return is not possible, family and community-based solutions should be sought.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1105, "Sentence":"ICCs shall be child-friendly and their management and services consistent with the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action\u2019s Minimum Standards and the Guiding Principles in Interim Care Planning and Provision6 for community- based interim care.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR icc shall childfriendly management service consistent alliance child protection humanitarian action \u2019 minimum standard guiding principle interim care planning provision6 community based interim care ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.3 Interim alternative care", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Interim care centres", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres are not necessary in all DDR processes for children, especially when the placement of a child in an ICC delays family and community reunification. However, ICCs can be used as a last resort, as they provide a secure space that may help children sever their links with armed forces and groups; allow time for family tracing, verification and, if necessary, gradual reunification (see section 7.4); enable medical support to be provided, including mental health and psychosocial support; and provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness-raising\/ sensitization.ICCs are not the same as cantonment sites. ICCs shall be child-friendly and their management and services consistent with the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action\u2019s Minimum Standards and the Guiding Principles in Interim Care Planning and Provision6 for community- based interim care. The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. Factors of necessity and appropriateness shall also be considered with the aim that a child will be placed into an ICC only if there is no other family- or community-based interim care available, and any placement will be for the shortest period necessary. Staffing levels for ICCs shall depend on the number, ages and needs of children in the facility. Their care and protection should be paramount, with an emphasis on reuniting children with their families or providing alternative community- based care solutions as swiftly as possible (see Annex C for more details). While security of the facility is a key concern, ICCs shall remain child-friendly and not inadvertently transform into detention facilities.Adults shall not be accommodated at ICCs, and children accommodated at these centres should be grouped according to age (unless they are girl mothers). Tracing, verification, reunification, case management and monitoring should be carried out at ICCs to facilitate the return of children to their communities (including community outreach). Health check-ups and specialized health services should be provided \u2013 for example, reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, and voluntary and confidential HIV testing and counselling \u2013 while nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries should receive treatment. Children should receive counselling, including help to overcome distress or trauma, develop self- esteem and learn life skills; learn about reintegration and livelihood opportunities, as well as information about child labour; and receive peace education and training in non-violent conflict resolution to help them regain a sense of the social norms and routines of civilian life. Sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided to keep children occupied and help them build trust, but there should be no formal education or training activities within the ICC apart from assessments of literacy and numeracy. Formal education and training should be provided within the community. Children should be transferred as quickly as possible to their communities, consistent with their best interests, for reintegration into communities, education, and social cohesion activities with all children as well as any community-based case management support needed. Where return is not possible, family and community-based solutions should be sought.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1105, "Sentence":"The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR best interest child shall primary consideration ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.3 Interim alternative care", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Interim care centres", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres are not necessary in all DDR processes for children, especially when the placement of a child in an ICC delays family and community reunification. However, ICCs can be used as a last resort, as they provide a secure space that may help children sever their links with armed forces and groups; allow time for family tracing, verification and, if necessary, gradual reunification (see section 7.4); enable medical support to be provided, including mental health and psychosocial support; and provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness-raising\/ sensitization.ICCs are not the same as cantonment sites. ICCs shall be child-friendly and their management and services consistent with the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action\u2019s Minimum Standards and the Guiding Principles in Interim Care Planning and Provision6 for community- based interim care. The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. Factors of necessity and appropriateness shall also be considered with the aim that a child will be placed into an ICC only if there is no other family- or community-based interim care available, and any placement will be for the shortest period necessary. Staffing levels for ICCs shall depend on the number, ages and needs of children in the facility. Their care and protection should be paramount, with an emphasis on reuniting children with their families or providing alternative community- based care solutions as swiftly as possible (see Annex C for more details). While security of the facility is a key concern, ICCs shall remain child-friendly and not inadvertently transform into detention facilities.Adults shall not be accommodated at ICCs, and children accommodated at these centres should be grouped according to age (unless they are girl mothers). Tracing, verification, reunification, case management and monitoring should be carried out at ICCs to facilitate the return of children to their communities (including community outreach). Health check-ups and specialized health services should be provided \u2013 for example, reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, and voluntary and confidential HIV testing and counselling \u2013 while nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries should receive treatment. Children should receive counselling, including help to overcome distress or trauma, develop self- esteem and learn life skills; learn about reintegration and livelihood opportunities, as well as information about child labour; and receive peace education and training in non-violent conflict resolution to help them regain a sense of the social norms and routines of civilian life. Sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided to keep children occupied and help them build trust, but there should be no formal education or training activities within the ICC apart from assessments of literacy and numeracy. Formal education and training should be provided within the community. Children should be transferred as quickly as possible to their communities, consistent with their best interests, for reintegration into communities, education, and social cohesion activities with all children as well as any community-based case management support needed. Where return is not possible, family and community-based solutions should be sought.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1105, "Sentence":"Factors of necessity and appropriateness shall also be considered with the aim that a child will be placed into an ICC only if there is no other family- or community-based interim care available, and any placement will be for the shortest period necessary.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR factor necessity appropriateness shall also considered aim child placed icc family communitybased interim care available placement shortest period necessary ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.3 Interim alternative care", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Interim care centres", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres are not necessary in all DDR processes for children, especially when the placement of a child in an ICC delays family and community reunification. However, ICCs can be used as a last resort, as they provide a secure space that may help children sever their links with armed forces and groups; allow time for family tracing, verification and, if necessary, gradual reunification (see section 7.4); enable medical support to be provided, including mental health and psychosocial support; and provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness-raising\/ sensitization.ICCs are not the same as cantonment sites. ICCs shall be child-friendly and their management and services consistent with the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action\u2019s Minimum Standards and the Guiding Principles in Interim Care Planning and Provision6 for community- based interim care. The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. Factors of necessity and appropriateness shall also be considered with the aim that a child will be placed into an ICC only if there is no other family- or community-based interim care available, and any placement will be for the shortest period necessary. Staffing levels for ICCs shall depend on the number, ages and needs of children in the facility. Their care and protection should be paramount, with an emphasis on reuniting children with their families or providing alternative community- based care solutions as swiftly as possible (see Annex C for more details). While security of the facility is a key concern, ICCs shall remain child-friendly and not inadvertently transform into detention facilities.Adults shall not be accommodated at ICCs, and children accommodated at these centres should be grouped according to age (unless they are girl mothers). Tracing, verification, reunification, case management and monitoring should be carried out at ICCs to facilitate the return of children to their communities (including community outreach). Health check-ups and specialized health services should be provided \u2013 for example, reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, and voluntary and confidential HIV testing and counselling \u2013 while nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries should receive treatment. Children should receive counselling, including help to overcome distress or trauma, develop self- esteem and learn life skills; learn about reintegration and livelihood opportunities, as well as information about child labour; and receive peace education and training in non-violent conflict resolution to help them regain a sense of the social norms and routines of civilian life. Sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided to keep children occupied and help them build trust, but there should be no formal education or training activities within the ICC apart from assessments of literacy and numeracy. Formal education and training should be provided within the community. Children should be transferred as quickly as possible to their communities, consistent with their best interests, for reintegration into communities, education, and social cohesion activities with all children as well as any community-based case management support needed. Where return is not possible, family and community-based solutions should be sought.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1105, "Sentence":"Staffing levels for ICCs shall depend on the number, ages and needs of children in the facility.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR staffing level icc shall depend number age need child facility ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.3 Interim alternative care", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Interim care centres", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres are not necessary in all DDR processes for children, especially when the placement of a child in an ICC delays family and community reunification. However, ICCs can be used as a last resort, as they provide a secure space that may help children sever their links with armed forces and groups; allow time for family tracing, verification and, if necessary, gradual reunification (see section 7.4); enable medical support to be provided, including mental health and psychosocial support; and provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness-raising\/ sensitization.ICCs are not the same as cantonment sites. ICCs shall be child-friendly and their management and services consistent with the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action\u2019s Minimum Standards and the Guiding Principles in Interim Care Planning and Provision6 for community- based interim care. The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. Factors of necessity and appropriateness shall also be considered with the aim that a child will be placed into an ICC only if there is no other family- or community-based interim care available, and any placement will be for the shortest period necessary. Staffing levels for ICCs shall depend on the number, ages and needs of children in the facility. Their care and protection should be paramount, with an emphasis on reuniting children with their families or providing alternative community- based care solutions as swiftly as possible (see Annex C for more details). While security of the facility is a key concern, ICCs shall remain child-friendly and not inadvertently transform into detention facilities.Adults shall not be accommodated at ICCs, and children accommodated at these centres should be grouped according to age (unless they are girl mothers). Tracing, verification, reunification, case management and monitoring should be carried out at ICCs to facilitate the return of children to their communities (including community outreach). Health check-ups and specialized health services should be provided \u2013 for example, reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, and voluntary and confidential HIV testing and counselling \u2013 while nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries should receive treatment. Children should receive counselling, including help to overcome distress or trauma, develop self- esteem and learn life skills; learn about reintegration and livelihood opportunities, as well as information about child labour; and receive peace education and training in non-violent conflict resolution to help them regain a sense of the social norms and routines of civilian life. Sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided to keep children occupied and help them build trust, but there should be no formal education or training activities within the ICC apart from assessments of literacy and numeracy. Formal education and training should be provided within the community. Children should be transferred as quickly as possible to their communities, consistent with their best interests, for reintegration into communities, education, and social cohesion activities with all children as well as any community-based case management support needed. Where return is not possible, family and community-based solutions should be sought.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1105, "Sentence":"Their care and protection should be paramount, with an emphasis on reuniting children with their families or providing alternative community- based care solutions as swiftly as possible (see Annex C for more details).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR care protection paramount emphasis reuniting child family providing alternative community based care solution swiftly possible see annex c detail ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.3 Interim alternative care", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Interim care centres", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres are not necessary in all DDR processes for children, especially when the placement of a child in an ICC delays family and community reunification. However, ICCs can be used as a last resort, as they provide a secure space that may help children sever their links with armed forces and groups; allow time for family tracing, verification and, if necessary, gradual reunification (see section 7.4); enable medical support to be provided, including mental health and psychosocial support; and provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness-raising\/ sensitization.ICCs are not the same as cantonment sites. ICCs shall be child-friendly and their management and services consistent with the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action\u2019s Minimum Standards and the Guiding Principles in Interim Care Planning and Provision6 for community- based interim care. The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. Factors of necessity and appropriateness shall also be considered with the aim that a child will be placed into an ICC only if there is no other family- or community-based interim care available, and any placement will be for the shortest period necessary. Staffing levels for ICCs shall depend on the number, ages and needs of children in the facility. Their care and protection should be paramount, with an emphasis on reuniting children with their families or providing alternative community- based care solutions as swiftly as possible (see Annex C for more details). While security of the facility is a key concern, ICCs shall remain child-friendly and not inadvertently transform into detention facilities.Adults shall not be accommodated at ICCs, and children accommodated at these centres should be grouped according to age (unless they are girl mothers). Tracing, verification, reunification, case management and monitoring should be carried out at ICCs to facilitate the return of children to their communities (including community outreach). Health check-ups and specialized health services should be provided \u2013 for example, reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, and voluntary and confidential HIV testing and counselling \u2013 while nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries should receive treatment. Children should receive counselling, including help to overcome distress or trauma, develop self- esteem and learn life skills; learn about reintegration and livelihood opportunities, as well as information about child labour; and receive peace education and training in non-violent conflict resolution to help them regain a sense of the social norms and routines of civilian life. Sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided to keep children occupied and help them build trust, but there should be no formal education or training activities within the ICC apart from assessments of literacy and numeracy. Formal education and training should be provided within the community. Children should be transferred as quickly as possible to their communities, consistent with their best interests, for reintegration into communities, education, and social cohesion activities with all children as well as any community-based case management support needed. Where return is not possible, family and community-based solutions should be sought.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1105, "Sentence":"While security of the facility is a key concern, ICCs shall remain child-friendly and not inadvertently transform into detention facilities.Adults shall not be accommodated at ICCs, and children accommodated at these centres should be grouped according to age (unless they are girl mothers).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR security facility key concern icc shall remain childfriendly inadvertently transform detention facilities.adults shall accommodated icc child accommodated centre grouped according age unless girl mother ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.3 Interim alternative care", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Interim care centres", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres are not necessary in all DDR processes for children, especially when the placement of a child in an ICC delays family and community reunification. However, ICCs can be used as a last resort, as they provide a secure space that may help children sever their links with armed forces and groups; allow time for family tracing, verification and, if necessary, gradual reunification (see section 7.4); enable medical support to be provided, including mental health and psychosocial support; and provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness-raising\/ sensitization.ICCs are not the same as cantonment sites. ICCs shall be child-friendly and their management and services consistent with the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action\u2019s Minimum Standards and the Guiding Principles in Interim Care Planning and Provision6 for community- based interim care. The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. Factors of necessity and appropriateness shall also be considered with the aim that a child will be placed into an ICC only if there is no other family- or community-based interim care available, and any placement will be for the shortest period necessary. Staffing levels for ICCs shall depend on the number, ages and needs of children in the facility. Their care and protection should be paramount, with an emphasis on reuniting children with their families or providing alternative community- based care solutions as swiftly as possible (see Annex C for more details). While security of the facility is a key concern, ICCs shall remain child-friendly and not inadvertently transform into detention facilities.Adults shall not be accommodated at ICCs, and children accommodated at these centres should be grouped according to age (unless they are girl mothers). Tracing, verification, reunification, case management and monitoring should be carried out at ICCs to facilitate the return of children to their communities (including community outreach). Health check-ups and specialized health services should be provided \u2013 for example, reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, and voluntary and confidential HIV testing and counselling \u2013 while nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries should receive treatment. Children should receive counselling, including help to overcome distress or trauma, develop self- esteem and learn life skills; learn about reintegration and livelihood opportunities, as well as information about child labour; and receive peace education and training in non-violent conflict resolution to help them regain a sense of the social norms and routines of civilian life. Sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided to keep children occupied and help them build trust, but there should be no formal education or training activities within the ICC apart from assessments of literacy and numeracy. Formal education and training should be provided within the community. Children should be transferred as quickly as possible to their communities, consistent with their best interests, for reintegration into communities, education, and social cohesion activities with all children as well as any community-based case management support needed. Where return is not possible, family and community-based solutions should be sought.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1105, "Sentence":"Tracing, verification, reunification, case management and monitoring should be carried out at ICCs to facilitate the return of children to their communities (including community outreach).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR tracing verification reunification case management monitoring carried icc facilitate return child community including community outreach ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.3 Interim alternative care", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Interim care centres", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres are not necessary in all DDR processes for children, especially when the placement of a child in an ICC delays family and community reunification. However, ICCs can be used as a last resort, as they provide a secure space that may help children sever their links with armed forces and groups; allow time for family tracing, verification and, if necessary, gradual reunification (see section 7.4); enable medical support to be provided, including mental health and psychosocial support; and provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness-raising\/ sensitization.ICCs are not the same as cantonment sites. ICCs shall be child-friendly and their management and services consistent with the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action\u2019s Minimum Standards and the Guiding Principles in Interim Care Planning and Provision6 for community- based interim care. The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. Factors of necessity and appropriateness shall also be considered with the aim that a child will be placed into an ICC only if there is no other family- or community-based interim care available, and any placement will be for the shortest period necessary. Staffing levels for ICCs shall depend on the number, ages and needs of children in the facility. Their care and protection should be paramount, with an emphasis on reuniting children with their families or providing alternative community- based care solutions as swiftly as possible (see Annex C for more details). While security of the facility is a key concern, ICCs shall remain child-friendly and not inadvertently transform into detention facilities.Adults shall not be accommodated at ICCs, and children accommodated at these centres should be grouped according to age (unless they are girl mothers). Tracing, verification, reunification, case management and monitoring should be carried out at ICCs to facilitate the return of children to their communities (including community outreach). Health check-ups and specialized health services should be provided \u2013 for example, reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, and voluntary and confidential HIV testing and counselling \u2013 while nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries should receive treatment. Children should receive counselling, including help to overcome distress or trauma, develop self- esteem and learn life skills; learn about reintegration and livelihood opportunities, as well as information about child labour; and receive peace education and training in non-violent conflict resolution to help them regain a sense of the social norms and routines of civilian life. Sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided to keep children occupied and help them build trust, but there should be no formal education or training activities within the ICC apart from assessments of literacy and numeracy. Formal education and training should be provided within the community. Children should be transferred as quickly as possible to their communities, consistent with their best interests, for reintegration into communities, education, and social cohesion activities with all children as well as any community-based case management support needed. Where return is not possible, family and community-based solutions should be sought.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1105, "Sentence":"Health check-ups and specialized health services should be provided \u2013 for example, reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, and voluntary and confidential HIV testing and counselling \u2013 while nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries should receive treatment.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR health checkup specialized health service provided \u2013 example reproductive health antenatal service diagnosis sexually transmitted infection voluntary confidential hiv testing counselling \u2013 nutritional deficiency warrelated injury receive treatment ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.3 Interim alternative care", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Interim care centres", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres are not necessary in all DDR processes for children, especially when the placement of a child in an ICC delays family and community reunification. However, ICCs can be used as a last resort, as they provide a secure space that may help children sever their links with armed forces and groups; allow time for family tracing, verification and, if necessary, gradual reunification (see section 7.4); enable medical support to be provided, including mental health and psychosocial support; and provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness-raising\/ sensitization.ICCs are not the same as cantonment sites. ICCs shall be child-friendly and their management and services consistent with the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action\u2019s Minimum Standards and the Guiding Principles in Interim Care Planning and Provision6 for community- based interim care. The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. Factors of necessity and appropriateness shall also be considered with the aim that a child will be placed into an ICC only if there is no other family- or community-based interim care available, and any placement will be for the shortest period necessary. Staffing levels for ICCs shall depend on the number, ages and needs of children in the facility. Their care and protection should be paramount, with an emphasis on reuniting children with their families or providing alternative community- based care solutions as swiftly as possible (see Annex C for more details). While security of the facility is a key concern, ICCs shall remain child-friendly and not inadvertently transform into detention facilities.Adults shall not be accommodated at ICCs, and children accommodated at these centres should be grouped according to age (unless they are girl mothers). Tracing, verification, reunification, case management and monitoring should be carried out at ICCs to facilitate the return of children to their communities (including community outreach). Health check-ups and specialized health services should be provided \u2013 for example, reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, and voluntary and confidential HIV testing and counselling \u2013 while nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries should receive treatment. Children should receive counselling, including help to overcome distress or trauma, develop self- esteem and learn life skills; learn about reintegration and livelihood opportunities, as well as information about child labour; and receive peace education and training in non-violent conflict resolution to help them regain a sense of the social norms and routines of civilian life. Sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided to keep children occupied and help them build trust, but there should be no formal education or training activities within the ICC apart from assessments of literacy and numeracy. Formal education and training should be provided within the community. Children should be transferred as quickly as possible to their communities, consistent with their best interests, for reintegration into communities, education, and social cohesion activities with all children as well as any community-based case management support needed. Where return is not possible, family and community-based solutions should be sought.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1105, "Sentence":"Children should receive counselling, including help to overcome distress or trauma, develop self- esteem and learn life skills; learn about reintegration and livelihood opportunities, as well as information about child labour; and receive peace education and training in non-violent conflict resolution to help them regain a sense of the social norms and routines of civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child receive counselling including help overcome distress trauma develop self esteem learn life skill learn reintegration livelihood opportunity well information child labour receive peace education training nonviolent conflict resolution help regain sense social norm routine civilian life ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.3 Interim alternative care", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Interim care centres", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres are not necessary in all DDR processes for children, especially when the placement of a child in an ICC delays family and community reunification. However, ICCs can be used as a last resort, as they provide a secure space that may help children sever their links with armed forces and groups; allow time for family tracing, verification and, if necessary, gradual reunification (see section 7.4); enable medical support to be provided, including mental health and psychosocial support; and provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness-raising\/ sensitization.ICCs are not the same as cantonment sites. ICCs shall be child-friendly and their management and services consistent with the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action\u2019s Minimum Standards and the Guiding Principles in Interim Care Planning and Provision6 for community- based interim care. The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. Factors of necessity and appropriateness shall also be considered with the aim that a child will be placed into an ICC only if there is no other family- or community-based interim care available, and any placement will be for the shortest period necessary. Staffing levels for ICCs shall depend on the number, ages and needs of children in the facility. Their care and protection should be paramount, with an emphasis on reuniting children with their families or providing alternative community- based care solutions as swiftly as possible (see Annex C for more details). While security of the facility is a key concern, ICCs shall remain child-friendly and not inadvertently transform into detention facilities.Adults shall not be accommodated at ICCs, and children accommodated at these centres should be grouped according to age (unless they are girl mothers). Tracing, verification, reunification, case management and monitoring should be carried out at ICCs to facilitate the return of children to their communities (including community outreach). Health check-ups and specialized health services should be provided \u2013 for example, reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, and voluntary and confidential HIV testing and counselling \u2013 while nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries should receive treatment. Children should receive counselling, including help to overcome distress or trauma, develop self- esteem and learn life skills; learn about reintegration and livelihood opportunities, as well as information about child labour; and receive peace education and training in non-violent conflict resolution to help them regain a sense of the social norms and routines of civilian life. Sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided to keep children occupied and help them build trust, but there should be no formal education or training activities within the ICC apart from assessments of literacy and numeracy. Formal education and training should be provided within the community. Children should be transferred as quickly as possible to their communities, consistent with their best interests, for reintegration into communities, education, and social cohesion activities with all children as well as any community-based case management support needed. Where return is not possible, family and community-based solutions should be sought.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1105, "Sentence":"Sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided to keep children occupied and help them build trust, but there should be no formal education or training activities within the ICC apart from assessments of literacy and numeracy.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR sport cultural recreational activity provided keep child occupied help build trust formal education training activity within icc apart assessment literacy numeracy ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.3 Interim alternative care", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Interim care centres", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres are not necessary in all DDR processes for children, especially when the placement of a child in an ICC delays family and community reunification. However, ICCs can be used as a last resort, as they provide a secure space that may help children sever their links with armed forces and groups; allow time for family tracing, verification and, if necessary, gradual reunification (see section 7.4); enable medical support to be provided, including mental health and psychosocial support; and provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness-raising\/ sensitization.ICCs are not the same as cantonment sites. ICCs shall be child-friendly and their management and services consistent with the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action\u2019s Minimum Standards and the Guiding Principles in Interim Care Planning and Provision6 for community- based interim care. The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. Factors of necessity and appropriateness shall also be considered with the aim that a child will be placed into an ICC only if there is no other family- or community-based interim care available, and any placement will be for the shortest period necessary. Staffing levels for ICCs shall depend on the number, ages and needs of children in the facility. Their care and protection should be paramount, with an emphasis on reuniting children with their families or providing alternative community- based care solutions as swiftly as possible (see Annex C for more details). While security of the facility is a key concern, ICCs shall remain child-friendly and not inadvertently transform into detention facilities.Adults shall not be accommodated at ICCs, and children accommodated at these centres should be grouped according to age (unless they are girl mothers). Tracing, verification, reunification, case management and monitoring should be carried out at ICCs to facilitate the return of children to their communities (including community outreach). Health check-ups and specialized health services should be provided \u2013 for example, reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, and voluntary and confidential HIV testing and counselling \u2013 while nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries should receive treatment. Children should receive counselling, including help to overcome distress or trauma, develop self- esteem and learn life skills; learn about reintegration and livelihood opportunities, as well as information about child labour; and receive peace education and training in non-violent conflict resolution to help them regain a sense of the social norms and routines of civilian life. Sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided to keep children occupied and help them build trust, but there should be no formal education or training activities within the ICC apart from assessments of literacy and numeracy. Formal education and training should be provided within the community. Children should be transferred as quickly as possible to their communities, consistent with their best interests, for reintegration into communities, education, and social cohesion activities with all children as well as any community-based case management support needed. Where return is not possible, family and community-based solutions should be sought.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1105, "Sentence":"Formal education and training should be provided within the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR formal education training provided within community ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.3 Interim alternative care", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Interim care centres", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres are not necessary in all DDR processes for children, especially when the placement of a child in an ICC delays family and community reunification. However, ICCs can be used as a last resort, as they provide a secure space that may help children sever their links with armed forces and groups; allow time for family tracing, verification and, if necessary, gradual reunification (see section 7.4); enable medical support to be provided, including mental health and psychosocial support; and provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness-raising\/ sensitization.ICCs are not the same as cantonment sites. ICCs shall be child-friendly and their management and services consistent with the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action\u2019s Minimum Standards and the Guiding Principles in Interim Care Planning and Provision6 for community- based interim care. The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. Factors of necessity and appropriateness shall also be considered with the aim that a child will be placed into an ICC only if there is no other family- or community-based interim care available, and any placement will be for the shortest period necessary. Staffing levels for ICCs shall depend on the number, ages and needs of children in the facility. Their care and protection should be paramount, with an emphasis on reuniting children with their families or providing alternative community- based care solutions as swiftly as possible (see Annex C for more details). While security of the facility is a key concern, ICCs shall remain child-friendly and not inadvertently transform into detention facilities.Adults shall not be accommodated at ICCs, and children accommodated at these centres should be grouped according to age (unless they are girl mothers). Tracing, verification, reunification, case management and monitoring should be carried out at ICCs to facilitate the return of children to their communities (including community outreach). Health check-ups and specialized health services should be provided \u2013 for example, reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, and voluntary and confidential HIV testing and counselling \u2013 while nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries should receive treatment. Children should receive counselling, including help to overcome distress or trauma, develop self- esteem and learn life skills; learn about reintegration and livelihood opportunities, as well as information about child labour; and receive peace education and training in non-violent conflict resolution to help them regain a sense of the social norms and routines of civilian life. Sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided to keep children occupied and help them build trust, but there should be no formal education or training activities within the ICC apart from assessments of literacy and numeracy. Formal education and training should be provided within the community. Children should be transferred as quickly as possible to their communities, consistent with their best interests, for reintegration into communities, education, and social cohesion activities with all children as well as any community-based case management support needed. Where return is not possible, family and community-based solutions should be sought.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1105, "Sentence":"Children should be transferred as quickly as possible to their communities, consistent with their best interests, for reintegration into communities, education, and social cohesion activities with all children as well as any community-based case management support needed.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child transferred quickly possible community consistent best interest reintegration community education social cohesion activity child well communitybased case management support needed ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.3 Interim alternative care", "Heading3":"8.3.1 Interim care centres", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres are not necessary in all DDR processes for children, especially when the placement of a child in an ICC delays family and community reunification. However, ICCs can be used as a last resort, as they provide a secure space that may help children sever their links with armed forces and groups; allow time for family tracing, verification and, if necessary, gradual reunification (see section 7.4); enable medical support to be provided, including mental health and psychosocial support; and provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness-raising\/ sensitization.ICCs are not the same as cantonment sites. ICCs shall be child-friendly and their management and services consistent with the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action\u2019s Minimum Standards and the Guiding Principles in Interim Care Planning and Provision6 for community- based interim care. The best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. Factors of necessity and appropriateness shall also be considered with the aim that a child will be placed into an ICC only if there is no other family- or community-based interim care available, and any placement will be for the shortest period necessary. Staffing levels for ICCs shall depend on the number, ages and needs of children in the facility. Their care and protection should be paramount, with an emphasis on reuniting children with their families or providing alternative community- based care solutions as swiftly as possible (see Annex C for more details). While security of the facility is a key concern, ICCs shall remain child-friendly and not inadvertently transform into detention facilities.Adults shall not be accommodated at ICCs, and children accommodated at these centres should be grouped according to age (unless they are girl mothers). Tracing, verification, reunification, case management and monitoring should be carried out at ICCs to facilitate the return of children to their communities (including community outreach). Health check-ups and specialized health services should be provided \u2013 for example, reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, and voluntary and confidential HIV testing and counselling \u2013 while nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries should receive treatment. Children should receive counselling, including help to overcome distress or trauma, develop self- esteem and learn life skills; learn about reintegration and livelihood opportunities, as well as information about child labour; and receive peace education and training in non-violent conflict resolution to help them regain a sense of the social norms and routines of civilian life. Sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided to keep children occupied and help them build trust, but there should be no formal education or training activities within the ICC apart from assessments of literacy and numeracy. Formal education and training should be provided within the community. Children should be transferred as quickly as possible to their communities, consistent with their best interests, for reintegration into communities, education, and social cohesion activities with all children as well as any community-based case management support needed. Where return is not possible, family and community-based solutions should be sought.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1105, "Sentence":"Where return is not possible, family and community-based solutions should be sought.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR return possible family communitybased solution sought ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.3 Interim alternative care", "Heading3":"8.3.2 Interim care placements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Interim care placements should be used in cases where ICCs are not available or appropriate (for example, when a child is already in the community) and when family unification is not possible or in the best interests of the child. These types of placements can include community-based care, fostering or guardianship. The Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2004) provide clear guidelines on how interim care placements should be conducted. Furthermore, community-based temporary alternative care must be consistent with the United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care (General Assembly resolution 64\/142).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1106, "Sentence":"Interim care placements should be used in cases where ICCs are not available or appropriate (for example, when a child is already in the community) and when family unification is not possible or in the best interests of the child.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR interim care placement used case icc available appropriate example child already community family unification possible best interest child ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.3 Interim alternative care", "Heading3":"8.3.2 Interim care placements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Interim care placements should be used in cases where ICCs are not available or appropriate (for example, when a child is already in the community) and when family unification is not possible or in the best interests of the child. These types of placements can include community-based care, fostering or guardianship. The Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2004) provide clear guidelines on how interim care placements should be conducted. Furthermore, community-based temporary alternative care must be consistent with the United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care (General Assembly resolution 64\/142).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1106, "Sentence":"These types of placements can include community-based care, fostering or guardianship.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR type placement include communitybased care fostering guardianship ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.3 Interim alternative care", "Heading3":"8.3.2 Interim care placements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Interim care placements should be used in cases where ICCs are not available or appropriate (for example, when a child is already in the community) and when family unification is not possible or in the best interests of the child. These types of placements can include community-based care, fostering or guardianship. The Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2004) provide clear guidelines on how interim care placements should be conducted. Furthermore, community-based temporary alternative care must be consistent with the United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care (General Assembly resolution 64\/142).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1106, "Sentence":"The Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2004) provide clear guidelines on how interim care placements should be conducted.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR interagency guiding principle unaccompanied separated child 2004 provide clear guideline interim care placement conducted ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.3 Interim alternative care", "Heading3":"8.3.2 Interim care placements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Interim care placements should be used in cases where ICCs are not available or appropriate (for example, when a child is already in the community) and when family unification is not possible or in the best interests of the child. These types of placements can include community-based care, fostering or guardianship. The Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2004) provide clear guidelines on how interim care placements should be conducted. Furthermore, community-based temporary alternative care must be consistent with the United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care (General Assembly resolution 64\/142).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1106, "Sentence":"Furthermore, community-based temporary alternative care must be consistent with the United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care (General Assembly resolution 64\/142).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR furthermore communitybased temporary alternative care must consistent united nation guideline alternative care general assembly resolution 64\/142 ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.4 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"DDR processes increasingly include CVR programmes in an effort to reduce armed violence and sustain peace (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Specific provisions shall be developed to ensure the protection, care and support of young people (aged 15\u201324) who participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Where appropriate, children (under 18) may be included in CVR activities, but with relevant legal safeguards to ensure their rights and needs are carefully accounted for.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1107, "Sentence":"DDR processes increasingly include CVR programmes in an effort to reduce armed violence and sustain peace (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr process increasingly include cvr programme effort reduce armed violence sustain peace see iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.4 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"DDR processes increasingly include CVR programmes in an effort to reduce armed violence and sustain peace (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Specific provisions shall be developed to ensure the protection, care and support of young people (aged 15\u201324) who participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Where appropriate, children (under 18) may be included in CVR activities, but with relevant legal safeguards to ensure their rights and needs are carefully accounted for.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1107, "Sentence":"Specific provisions shall be developed to ensure the protection, care and support of young people (aged 15\u201324) who participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR specific provision shall developed ensure protection care support young people aged 15\u201324 participate cvr programme see iddrs 5.30 youth ddr ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.4 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"DDR processes increasingly include CVR programmes in an effort to reduce armed violence and sustain peace (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Specific provisions shall be developed to ensure the protection, care and support of young people (aged 15\u201324) who participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Where appropriate, children (under 18) may be included in CVR activities, but with relevant legal safeguards to ensure their rights and needs are carefully accounted for.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1107, "Sentence":"Where appropriate, children (under 18) may be included in CVR activities, but with relevant legal safeguards to ensure their rights and needs are carefully accounted for.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR appropriate child 18 may included cvr activity relevant legal safeguard ensure right need carefully accounted ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The purpose of reintegration support is to provide children with assistance that has been tailored to their needs and that provides them with a viable, long-term alternative to military life. Reintegration support provided to children shall take into account differences in age, sex, individual resilience, the capacity of the child to make informed decisions, the length of stay and individual experience with an armed force or group, culture, the reintegration opportunities in an environment that will have changed in the child\u2019s absence and other relevant factors. Reintegration support should be individualized, targeting CAAFAG as well as other at-risk, vulnerable or conflict-affected children, as well as community-based, utilizing strategies and approaches that empower communities to accept and receive CAAFAG and support their reintegration.Because reintegration of adult ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should be considered even in the absence of a DDR programme, reintegration programmes of adults and children can mutually reinforce each other and where relevant and safe to do so should be coordinated as much as possible. (see IDDRS 2.40 Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace, and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1108, "Sentence":"The purpose of reintegration support is to provide children with assistance that has been tailored to their needs and that provides them with a viable, long-term alternative to military life.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR purpose reintegration support provide child assistance tailored need provides viable longterm alternative military life ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The purpose of reintegration support is to provide children with assistance that has been tailored to their needs and that provides them with a viable, long-term alternative to military life. Reintegration support provided to children shall take into account differences in age, sex, individual resilience, the capacity of the child to make informed decisions, the length of stay and individual experience with an armed force or group, culture, the reintegration opportunities in an environment that will have changed in the child\u2019s absence and other relevant factors. Reintegration support should be individualized, targeting CAAFAG as well as other at-risk, vulnerable or conflict-affected children, as well as community-based, utilizing strategies and approaches that empower communities to accept and receive CAAFAG and support their reintegration.Because reintegration of adult ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should be considered even in the absence of a DDR programme, reintegration programmes of adults and children can mutually reinforce each other and where relevant and safe to do so should be coordinated as much as possible. (see IDDRS 2.40 Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace, and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1108, "Sentence":"Reintegration support provided to children shall take into account differences in age, sex, individual resilience, the capacity of the child to make informed decisions, the length of stay and individual experience with an armed force or group, culture, the reintegration opportunities in an environment that will have changed in the child\u2019s absence and other relevant factors.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR reintegration support provided child shall take account difference age sex individual resilience capacity child make informed decision length stay individual experience armed force group culture reintegration opportunity environment changed child \u2019 absence relevant factor ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The purpose of reintegration support is to provide children with assistance that has been tailored to their needs and that provides them with a viable, long-term alternative to military life. Reintegration support provided to children shall take into account differences in age, sex, individual resilience, the capacity of the child to make informed decisions, the length of stay and individual experience with an armed force or group, culture, the reintegration opportunities in an environment that will have changed in the child\u2019s absence and other relevant factors. Reintegration support should be individualized, targeting CAAFAG as well as other at-risk, vulnerable or conflict-affected children, as well as community-based, utilizing strategies and approaches that empower communities to accept and receive CAAFAG and support their reintegration.Because reintegration of adult ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should be considered even in the absence of a DDR programme, reintegration programmes of adults and children can mutually reinforce each other and where relevant and safe to do so should be coordinated as much as possible. (see IDDRS 2.40 Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace, and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1108, "Sentence":"Reintegration support should be individualized, targeting CAAFAG as well as other at-risk, vulnerable or conflict-affected children, as well as community-based, utilizing strategies and approaches that empower communities to accept and receive CAAFAG and support their reintegration.Because reintegration of adult ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should be considered even in the absence of a DDR programme, reintegration programmes of adults and children can mutually reinforce each other and where relevant and safe to do so should be coordinated as much as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR reintegration support individualized targeting caafag well atrisk vulnerable conflictaffected child well communitybased utilizing strategy approach empower community accept receive caafag support reintegration.because reintegration adult excombatants person formerly associated armed force group considered even absence ddr programme reintegration programme adult child mutually reinforce relevant safe coordinated much possible ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The purpose of reintegration support is to provide children with assistance that has been tailored to their needs and that provides them with a viable, long-term alternative to military life. Reintegration support provided to children shall take into account differences in age, sex, individual resilience, the capacity of the child to make informed decisions, the length of stay and individual experience with an armed force or group, culture, the reintegration opportunities in an environment that will have changed in the child\u2019s absence and other relevant factors. Reintegration support should be individualized, targeting CAAFAG as well as other at-risk, vulnerable or conflict-affected children, as well as community-based, utilizing strategies and approaches that empower communities to accept and receive CAAFAG and support their reintegration.Because reintegration of adult ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups should be considered even in the absence of a DDR programme, reintegration programmes of adults and children can mutually reinforce each other and where relevant and safe to do so should be coordinated as much as possible. (see IDDRS 2.40 Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace, and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1108, "Sentence":"(see IDDRS 2.40 Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace, and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR see iddrs 2.40 reintegration part sustaining peace iddrs 4.30 reintegration ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.1 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"CAAFAG face a range of health issues that may impact their reintegration. The identification of health needs shall begin when the child first comes into contact with a DDR process, for example, at a reception centre or cantonment site or an interim care centre. However, ongoing health needs shall also be addressed during the reintegration process. This may be via referral to relevant local or national health facilities, medical fee coverage or the direct provision of support. All service and referral provision shall be private and confidential.Reproductive health \\n As soon as possible after their release from an armed force or group, and for as long as necessary, girls and boys who have survived sexual violence, abuse and exploitation shall receive medical care in addition to mental health and psychosocial care (see section 7.9.1). Consideration shall also be given to boys who may have been forced to perpetrate sexual violence. All children who have experienced sexual violence shall receive access to the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health.7 Girl mothers shall be referred to community health services and psychosocial support as a priority. To prevent cycles of violence, girl mothers shall be enabled to learn positive parenting skills so that their children develop in a nurturing household. \\n DDR practitioners should invest in reproductive health awareness-raising initiatives for boys and girls (especially adolescents) covering issues such as safe motherhood, sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, family planning and the reproductive health of young people. Increasing the awareness of boys will help to reduce the reproductive health burden on girls and enable a gender-transformative approach (see section 4.3). Consideration shall be given to any sensitivities that may arise through the inclusion of boys in these awareness-raising initiatives, and necessary preparations shall be made with families and community leaders to gain their support.HIV\/AIDS \\n Children who test positive for HIV\/AIDS may experience additional community stigmatization that negatively impacts upon their reintegration. Initial screening and testing for HIV\/AIDS shall be provided to CAAFAG during demobilization in a manner that voluntary and confidential. During reintegration, support for children living with HIV\/AIDS should include specialist counselling by personnel with experience of working with children, support to families, targeted referrals to existing medical facilities and linkages to local, national and\/or international health programmes. To ease reintegration, community-based HIV\/AIDS awareness training and education can be considered (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Children may also prefer to receive treatment in locations that are discreet (i.e., not in public spaces or through discreet entrances at clinics).Drug and alcohol addiction \\n Drugs and alcohol are often used by commanders to establish dependence, manipulate and coerce children into committing violence. Children\u2019s substance use can create obstacles to reintegration such as behavioural issues in the home and community, risk-taking behaviour, poor nutrition and general health, and increased vulnerability to re-recruitment. DDR practitioners should coordinate with child-focused local, national and\/or international health organizations to develop or identify for referral drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes adapted to the needs of CAAFAG. Treatment shall follow the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders.8", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1109, "Sentence":"CAAFAG face a range of health issues that may impact their reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR caafag face range health issue may impact reintegration ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.1 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"CAAFAG face a range of health issues that may impact their reintegration. The identification of health needs shall begin when the child first comes into contact with a DDR process, for example, at a reception centre or cantonment site or an interim care centre. However, ongoing health needs shall also be addressed during the reintegration process. This may be via referral to relevant local or national health facilities, medical fee coverage or the direct provision of support. All service and referral provision shall be private and confidential.Reproductive health \\n As soon as possible after their release from an armed force or group, and for as long as necessary, girls and boys who have survived sexual violence, abuse and exploitation shall receive medical care in addition to mental health and psychosocial care (see section 7.9.1). Consideration shall also be given to boys who may have been forced to perpetrate sexual violence. All children who have experienced sexual violence shall receive access to the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health.7 Girl mothers shall be referred to community health services and psychosocial support as a priority. To prevent cycles of violence, girl mothers shall be enabled to learn positive parenting skills so that their children develop in a nurturing household. \\n DDR practitioners should invest in reproductive health awareness-raising initiatives for boys and girls (especially adolescents) covering issues such as safe motherhood, sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, family planning and the reproductive health of young people. Increasing the awareness of boys will help to reduce the reproductive health burden on girls and enable a gender-transformative approach (see section 4.3). Consideration shall be given to any sensitivities that may arise through the inclusion of boys in these awareness-raising initiatives, and necessary preparations shall be made with families and community leaders to gain their support.HIV\/AIDS \\n Children who test positive for HIV\/AIDS may experience additional community stigmatization that negatively impacts upon their reintegration. Initial screening and testing for HIV\/AIDS shall be provided to CAAFAG during demobilization in a manner that voluntary and confidential. During reintegration, support for children living with HIV\/AIDS should include specialist counselling by personnel with experience of working with children, support to families, targeted referrals to existing medical facilities and linkages to local, national and\/or international health programmes. To ease reintegration, community-based HIV\/AIDS awareness training and education can be considered (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Children may also prefer to receive treatment in locations that are discreet (i.e., not in public spaces or through discreet entrances at clinics).Drug and alcohol addiction \\n Drugs and alcohol are often used by commanders to establish dependence, manipulate and coerce children into committing violence. Children\u2019s substance use can create obstacles to reintegration such as behavioural issues in the home and community, risk-taking behaviour, poor nutrition and general health, and increased vulnerability to re-recruitment. DDR practitioners should coordinate with child-focused local, national and\/or international health organizations to develop or identify for referral drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes adapted to the needs of CAAFAG. Treatment shall follow the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders.8", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1109, "Sentence":"The identification of health needs shall begin when the child first comes into contact with a DDR process, for example, at a reception centre or cantonment site or an interim care centre.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR identification health need shall begin child first come contact ddr process example reception centre cantonment site interim care centre ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.1 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"CAAFAG face a range of health issues that may impact their reintegration. The identification of health needs shall begin when the child first comes into contact with a DDR process, for example, at a reception centre or cantonment site or an interim care centre. However, ongoing health needs shall also be addressed during the reintegration process. This may be via referral to relevant local or national health facilities, medical fee coverage or the direct provision of support. All service and referral provision shall be private and confidential.Reproductive health \\n As soon as possible after their release from an armed force or group, and for as long as necessary, girls and boys who have survived sexual violence, abuse and exploitation shall receive medical care in addition to mental health and psychosocial care (see section 7.9.1). Consideration shall also be given to boys who may have been forced to perpetrate sexual violence. All children who have experienced sexual violence shall receive access to the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health.7 Girl mothers shall be referred to community health services and psychosocial support as a priority. To prevent cycles of violence, girl mothers shall be enabled to learn positive parenting skills so that their children develop in a nurturing household. \\n DDR practitioners should invest in reproductive health awareness-raising initiatives for boys and girls (especially adolescents) covering issues such as safe motherhood, sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, family planning and the reproductive health of young people. Increasing the awareness of boys will help to reduce the reproductive health burden on girls and enable a gender-transformative approach (see section 4.3). Consideration shall be given to any sensitivities that may arise through the inclusion of boys in these awareness-raising initiatives, and necessary preparations shall be made with families and community leaders to gain their support.HIV\/AIDS \\n Children who test positive for HIV\/AIDS may experience additional community stigmatization that negatively impacts upon their reintegration. Initial screening and testing for HIV\/AIDS shall be provided to CAAFAG during demobilization in a manner that voluntary and confidential. During reintegration, support for children living with HIV\/AIDS should include specialist counselling by personnel with experience of working with children, support to families, targeted referrals to existing medical facilities and linkages to local, national and\/or international health programmes. To ease reintegration, community-based HIV\/AIDS awareness training and education can be considered (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Children may also prefer to receive treatment in locations that are discreet (i.e., not in public spaces or through discreet entrances at clinics).Drug and alcohol addiction \\n Drugs and alcohol are often used by commanders to establish dependence, manipulate and coerce children into committing violence. Children\u2019s substance use can create obstacles to reintegration such as behavioural issues in the home and community, risk-taking behaviour, poor nutrition and general health, and increased vulnerability to re-recruitment. DDR practitioners should coordinate with child-focused local, national and\/or international health organizations to develop or identify for referral drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes adapted to the needs of CAAFAG. Treatment shall follow the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders.8", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1109, "Sentence":"However, ongoing health needs shall also be addressed during the reintegration process.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR however ongoing health need shall also addressed reintegration process ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.1 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"CAAFAG face a range of health issues that may impact their reintegration. The identification of health needs shall begin when the child first comes into contact with a DDR process, for example, at a reception centre or cantonment site or an interim care centre. However, ongoing health needs shall also be addressed during the reintegration process. This may be via referral to relevant local or national health facilities, medical fee coverage or the direct provision of support. All service and referral provision shall be private and confidential.Reproductive health \\n As soon as possible after their release from an armed force or group, and for as long as necessary, girls and boys who have survived sexual violence, abuse and exploitation shall receive medical care in addition to mental health and psychosocial care (see section 7.9.1). Consideration shall also be given to boys who may have been forced to perpetrate sexual violence. All children who have experienced sexual violence shall receive access to the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health.7 Girl mothers shall be referred to community health services and psychosocial support as a priority. To prevent cycles of violence, girl mothers shall be enabled to learn positive parenting skills so that their children develop in a nurturing household. \\n DDR practitioners should invest in reproductive health awareness-raising initiatives for boys and girls (especially adolescents) covering issues such as safe motherhood, sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, family planning and the reproductive health of young people. Increasing the awareness of boys will help to reduce the reproductive health burden on girls and enable a gender-transformative approach (see section 4.3). Consideration shall be given to any sensitivities that may arise through the inclusion of boys in these awareness-raising initiatives, and necessary preparations shall be made with families and community leaders to gain their support.HIV\/AIDS \\n Children who test positive for HIV\/AIDS may experience additional community stigmatization that negatively impacts upon their reintegration. Initial screening and testing for HIV\/AIDS shall be provided to CAAFAG during demobilization in a manner that voluntary and confidential. During reintegration, support for children living with HIV\/AIDS should include specialist counselling by personnel with experience of working with children, support to families, targeted referrals to existing medical facilities and linkages to local, national and\/or international health programmes. To ease reintegration, community-based HIV\/AIDS awareness training and education can be considered (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Children may also prefer to receive treatment in locations that are discreet (i.e., not in public spaces or through discreet entrances at clinics).Drug and alcohol addiction \\n Drugs and alcohol are often used by commanders to establish dependence, manipulate and coerce children into committing violence. Children\u2019s substance use can create obstacles to reintegration such as behavioural issues in the home and community, risk-taking behaviour, poor nutrition and general health, and increased vulnerability to re-recruitment. DDR practitioners should coordinate with child-focused local, national and\/or international health organizations to develop or identify for referral drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes adapted to the needs of CAAFAG. Treatment shall follow the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders.8", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1109, "Sentence":"This may be via referral to relevant local or national health facilities, medical fee coverage or the direct provision of support.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR may via referral relevant local national health facility medical fee coverage direct provision support ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.1 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"CAAFAG face a range of health issues that may impact their reintegration. The identification of health needs shall begin when the child first comes into contact with a DDR process, for example, at a reception centre or cantonment site or an interim care centre. However, ongoing health needs shall also be addressed during the reintegration process. This may be via referral to relevant local or national health facilities, medical fee coverage or the direct provision of support. All service and referral provision shall be private and confidential.Reproductive health \\n As soon as possible after their release from an armed force or group, and for as long as necessary, girls and boys who have survived sexual violence, abuse and exploitation shall receive medical care in addition to mental health and psychosocial care (see section 7.9.1). Consideration shall also be given to boys who may have been forced to perpetrate sexual violence. All children who have experienced sexual violence shall receive access to the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health.7 Girl mothers shall be referred to community health services and psychosocial support as a priority. To prevent cycles of violence, girl mothers shall be enabled to learn positive parenting skills so that their children develop in a nurturing household. \\n DDR practitioners should invest in reproductive health awareness-raising initiatives for boys and girls (especially adolescents) covering issues such as safe motherhood, sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, family planning and the reproductive health of young people. Increasing the awareness of boys will help to reduce the reproductive health burden on girls and enable a gender-transformative approach (see section 4.3). Consideration shall be given to any sensitivities that may arise through the inclusion of boys in these awareness-raising initiatives, and necessary preparations shall be made with families and community leaders to gain their support.HIV\/AIDS \\n Children who test positive for HIV\/AIDS may experience additional community stigmatization that negatively impacts upon their reintegration. Initial screening and testing for HIV\/AIDS shall be provided to CAAFAG during demobilization in a manner that voluntary and confidential. During reintegration, support for children living with HIV\/AIDS should include specialist counselling by personnel with experience of working with children, support to families, targeted referrals to existing medical facilities and linkages to local, national and\/or international health programmes. To ease reintegration, community-based HIV\/AIDS awareness training and education can be considered (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Children may also prefer to receive treatment in locations that are discreet (i.e., not in public spaces or through discreet entrances at clinics).Drug and alcohol addiction \\n Drugs and alcohol are often used by commanders to establish dependence, manipulate and coerce children into committing violence. Children\u2019s substance use can create obstacles to reintegration such as behavioural issues in the home and community, risk-taking behaviour, poor nutrition and general health, and increased vulnerability to re-recruitment. DDR practitioners should coordinate with child-focused local, national and\/or international health organizations to develop or identify for referral drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes adapted to the needs of CAAFAG. Treatment shall follow the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders.8", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1109, "Sentence":"All service and referral provision shall be private and confidential.Reproductive health \\n As soon as possible after their release from an armed force or group, and for as long as necessary, girls and boys who have survived sexual violence, abuse and exploitation shall receive medical care in addition to mental health and psychosocial care (see section 7.9.1).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR service referral provision shall private confidential.reproductive health n soon possible release armed force group long necessary girl boy survived sexual violence abuse exploitation shall receive medical care addition mental health psychosocial care see section 7.9.1 ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.1 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"CAAFAG face a range of health issues that may impact their reintegration. The identification of health needs shall begin when the child first comes into contact with a DDR process, for example, at a reception centre or cantonment site or an interim care centre. However, ongoing health needs shall also be addressed during the reintegration process. This may be via referral to relevant local or national health facilities, medical fee coverage or the direct provision of support. All service and referral provision shall be private and confidential.Reproductive health \\n As soon as possible after their release from an armed force or group, and for as long as necessary, girls and boys who have survived sexual violence, abuse and exploitation shall receive medical care in addition to mental health and psychosocial care (see section 7.9.1). Consideration shall also be given to boys who may have been forced to perpetrate sexual violence. All children who have experienced sexual violence shall receive access to the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health.7 Girl mothers shall be referred to community health services and psychosocial support as a priority. To prevent cycles of violence, girl mothers shall be enabled to learn positive parenting skills so that their children develop in a nurturing household. \\n DDR practitioners should invest in reproductive health awareness-raising initiatives for boys and girls (especially adolescents) covering issues such as safe motherhood, sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, family planning and the reproductive health of young people. Increasing the awareness of boys will help to reduce the reproductive health burden on girls and enable a gender-transformative approach (see section 4.3). Consideration shall be given to any sensitivities that may arise through the inclusion of boys in these awareness-raising initiatives, and necessary preparations shall be made with families and community leaders to gain their support.HIV\/AIDS \\n Children who test positive for HIV\/AIDS may experience additional community stigmatization that negatively impacts upon their reintegration. Initial screening and testing for HIV\/AIDS shall be provided to CAAFAG during demobilization in a manner that voluntary and confidential. During reintegration, support for children living with HIV\/AIDS should include specialist counselling by personnel with experience of working with children, support to families, targeted referrals to existing medical facilities and linkages to local, national and\/or international health programmes. To ease reintegration, community-based HIV\/AIDS awareness training and education can be considered (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Children may also prefer to receive treatment in locations that are discreet (i.e., not in public spaces or through discreet entrances at clinics).Drug and alcohol addiction \\n Drugs and alcohol are often used by commanders to establish dependence, manipulate and coerce children into committing violence. Children\u2019s substance use can create obstacles to reintegration such as behavioural issues in the home and community, risk-taking behaviour, poor nutrition and general health, and increased vulnerability to re-recruitment. DDR practitioners should coordinate with child-focused local, national and\/or international health organizations to develop or identify for referral drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes adapted to the needs of CAAFAG. Treatment shall follow the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders.8", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1109, "Sentence":"Consideration shall also be given to boys who may have been forced to perpetrate sexual violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR consideration shall also given boy may forced perpetrate sexual violence ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.1 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"CAAFAG face a range of health issues that may impact their reintegration. The identification of health needs shall begin when the child first comes into contact with a DDR process, for example, at a reception centre or cantonment site or an interim care centre. However, ongoing health needs shall also be addressed during the reintegration process. This may be via referral to relevant local or national health facilities, medical fee coverage or the direct provision of support. All service and referral provision shall be private and confidential.Reproductive health \\n As soon as possible after their release from an armed force or group, and for as long as necessary, girls and boys who have survived sexual violence, abuse and exploitation shall receive medical care in addition to mental health and psychosocial care (see section 7.9.1). Consideration shall also be given to boys who may have been forced to perpetrate sexual violence. All children who have experienced sexual violence shall receive access to the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health.7 Girl mothers shall be referred to community health services and psychosocial support as a priority. To prevent cycles of violence, girl mothers shall be enabled to learn positive parenting skills so that their children develop in a nurturing household. \\n DDR practitioners should invest in reproductive health awareness-raising initiatives for boys and girls (especially adolescents) covering issues such as safe motherhood, sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, family planning and the reproductive health of young people. Increasing the awareness of boys will help to reduce the reproductive health burden on girls and enable a gender-transformative approach (see section 4.3). Consideration shall be given to any sensitivities that may arise through the inclusion of boys in these awareness-raising initiatives, and necessary preparations shall be made with families and community leaders to gain their support.HIV\/AIDS \\n Children who test positive for HIV\/AIDS may experience additional community stigmatization that negatively impacts upon their reintegration. Initial screening and testing for HIV\/AIDS shall be provided to CAAFAG during demobilization in a manner that voluntary and confidential. During reintegration, support for children living with HIV\/AIDS should include specialist counselling by personnel with experience of working with children, support to families, targeted referrals to existing medical facilities and linkages to local, national and\/or international health programmes. To ease reintegration, community-based HIV\/AIDS awareness training and education can be considered (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Children may also prefer to receive treatment in locations that are discreet (i.e., not in public spaces or through discreet entrances at clinics).Drug and alcohol addiction \\n Drugs and alcohol are often used by commanders to establish dependence, manipulate and coerce children into committing violence. Children\u2019s substance use can create obstacles to reintegration such as behavioural issues in the home and community, risk-taking behaviour, poor nutrition and general health, and increased vulnerability to re-recruitment. DDR practitioners should coordinate with child-focused local, national and\/or international health organizations to develop or identify for referral drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes adapted to the needs of CAAFAG. Treatment shall follow the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders.8", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1109, "Sentence":"All children who have experienced sexual violence shall receive access to the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health.7 Girl mothers shall be referred to community health services and psychosocial support as a priority.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child experienced sexual violence shall receive access minimum initial service package misp sexual reproductive health.7 girl mother shall referred community health service psychosocial support priority ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.1 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"CAAFAG face a range of health issues that may impact their reintegration. The identification of health needs shall begin when the child first comes into contact with a DDR process, for example, at a reception centre or cantonment site or an interim care centre. However, ongoing health needs shall also be addressed during the reintegration process. This may be via referral to relevant local or national health facilities, medical fee coverage or the direct provision of support. All service and referral provision shall be private and confidential.Reproductive health \\n As soon as possible after their release from an armed force or group, and for as long as necessary, girls and boys who have survived sexual violence, abuse and exploitation shall receive medical care in addition to mental health and psychosocial care (see section 7.9.1). Consideration shall also be given to boys who may have been forced to perpetrate sexual violence. All children who have experienced sexual violence shall receive access to the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health.7 Girl mothers shall be referred to community health services and psychosocial support as a priority. To prevent cycles of violence, girl mothers shall be enabled to learn positive parenting skills so that their children develop in a nurturing household. \\n DDR practitioners should invest in reproductive health awareness-raising initiatives for boys and girls (especially adolescents) covering issues such as safe motherhood, sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, family planning and the reproductive health of young people. Increasing the awareness of boys will help to reduce the reproductive health burden on girls and enable a gender-transformative approach (see section 4.3). Consideration shall be given to any sensitivities that may arise through the inclusion of boys in these awareness-raising initiatives, and necessary preparations shall be made with families and community leaders to gain their support.HIV\/AIDS \\n Children who test positive for HIV\/AIDS may experience additional community stigmatization that negatively impacts upon their reintegration. Initial screening and testing for HIV\/AIDS shall be provided to CAAFAG during demobilization in a manner that voluntary and confidential. During reintegration, support for children living with HIV\/AIDS should include specialist counselling by personnel with experience of working with children, support to families, targeted referrals to existing medical facilities and linkages to local, national and\/or international health programmes. To ease reintegration, community-based HIV\/AIDS awareness training and education can be considered (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Children may also prefer to receive treatment in locations that are discreet (i.e., not in public spaces or through discreet entrances at clinics).Drug and alcohol addiction \\n Drugs and alcohol are often used by commanders to establish dependence, manipulate and coerce children into committing violence. Children\u2019s substance use can create obstacles to reintegration such as behavioural issues in the home and community, risk-taking behaviour, poor nutrition and general health, and increased vulnerability to re-recruitment. DDR practitioners should coordinate with child-focused local, national and\/or international health organizations to develop or identify for referral drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes adapted to the needs of CAAFAG. Treatment shall follow the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders.8", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1109, "Sentence":"To prevent cycles of violence, girl mothers shall be enabled to learn positive parenting skills so that their children develop in a nurturing household.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR prevent cycle violence girl mother shall enabled learn positive parenting skill child develop nurturing household ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.1 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"CAAFAG face a range of health issues that may impact their reintegration. The identification of health needs shall begin when the child first comes into contact with a DDR process, for example, at a reception centre or cantonment site or an interim care centre. However, ongoing health needs shall also be addressed during the reintegration process. This may be via referral to relevant local or national health facilities, medical fee coverage or the direct provision of support. All service and referral provision shall be private and confidential.Reproductive health \\n As soon as possible after their release from an armed force or group, and for as long as necessary, girls and boys who have survived sexual violence, abuse and exploitation shall receive medical care in addition to mental health and psychosocial care (see section 7.9.1). Consideration shall also be given to boys who may have been forced to perpetrate sexual violence. All children who have experienced sexual violence shall receive access to the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health.7 Girl mothers shall be referred to community health services and psychosocial support as a priority. To prevent cycles of violence, girl mothers shall be enabled to learn positive parenting skills so that their children develop in a nurturing household. \\n DDR practitioners should invest in reproductive health awareness-raising initiatives for boys and girls (especially adolescents) covering issues such as safe motherhood, sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, family planning and the reproductive health of young people. Increasing the awareness of boys will help to reduce the reproductive health burden on girls and enable a gender-transformative approach (see section 4.3). Consideration shall be given to any sensitivities that may arise through the inclusion of boys in these awareness-raising initiatives, and necessary preparations shall be made with families and community leaders to gain their support.HIV\/AIDS \\n Children who test positive for HIV\/AIDS may experience additional community stigmatization that negatively impacts upon their reintegration. Initial screening and testing for HIV\/AIDS shall be provided to CAAFAG during demobilization in a manner that voluntary and confidential. During reintegration, support for children living with HIV\/AIDS should include specialist counselling by personnel with experience of working with children, support to families, targeted referrals to existing medical facilities and linkages to local, national and\/or international health programmes. To ease reintegration, community-based HIV\/AIDS awareness training and education can be considered (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Children may also prefer to receive treatment in locations that are discreet (i.e., not in public spaces or through discreet entrances at clinics).Drug and alcohol addiction \\n Drugs and alcohol are often used by commanders to establish dependence, manipulate and coerce children into committing violence. Children\u2019s substance use can create obstacles to reintegration such as behavioural issues in the home and community, risk-taking behaviour, poor nutrition and general health, and increased vulnerability to re-recruitment. DDR practitioners should coordinate with child-focused local, national and\/or international health organizations to develop or identify for referral drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes adapted to the needs of CAAFAG. Treatment shall follow the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders.8", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1109, "Sentence":"\\n DDR practitioners should invest in reproductive health awareness-raising initiatives for boys and girls (especially adolescents) covering issues such as safe motherhood, sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, family planning and the reproductive health of young people.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n ddr practitioner invest reproductive health awarenessraising initiative boy girl especially adolescent covering issue safe motherhood sexual violence sexually transmitted infection family planning reproductive health young people ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.1 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"CAAFAG face a range of health issues that may impact their reintegration. The identification of health needs shall begin when the child first comes into contact with a DDR process, for example, at a reception centre or cantonment site or an interim care centre. However, ongoing health needs shall also be addressed during the reintegration process. This may be via referral to relevant local or national health facilities, medical fee coverage or the direct provision of support. All service and referral provision shall be private and confidential.Reproductive health \\n As soon as possible after their release from an armed force or group, and for as long as necessary, girls and boys who have survived sexual violence, abuse and exploitation shall receive medical care in addition to mental health and psychosocial care (see section 7.9.1). Consideration shall also be given to boys who may have been forced to perpetrate sexual violence. All children who have experienced sexual violence shall receive access to the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health.7 Girl mothers shall be referred to community health services and psychosocial support as a priority. To prevent cycles of violence, girl mothers shall be enabled to learn positive parenting skills so that their children develop in a nurturing household. \\n DDR practitioners should invest in reproductive health awareness-raising initiatives for boys and girls (especially adolescents) covering issues such as safe motherhood, sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, family planning and the reproductive health of young people. Increasing the awareness of boys will help to reduce the reproductive health burden on girls and enable a gender-transformative approach (see section 4.3). Consideration shall be given to any sensitivities that may arise through the inclusion of boys in these awareness-raising initiatives, and necessary preparations shall be made with families and community leaders to gain their support.HIV\/AIDS \\n Children who test positive for HIV\/AIDS may experience additional community stigmatization that negatively impacts upon their reintegration. Initial screening and testing for HIV\/AIDS shall be provided to CAAFAG during demobilization in a manner that voluntary and confidential. During reintegration, support for children living with HIV\/AIDS should include specialist counselling by personnel with experience of working with children, support to families, targeted referrals to existing medical facilities and linkages to local, national and\/or international health programmes. To ease reintegration, community-based HIV\/AIDS awareness training and education can be considered (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Children may also prefer to receive treatment in locations that are discreet (i.e., not in public spaces or through discreet entrances at clinics).Drug and alcohol addiction \\n Drugs and alcohol are often used by commanders to establish dependence, manipulate and coerce children into committing violence. Children\u2019s substance use can create obstacles to reintegration such as behavioural issues in the home and community, risk-taking behaviour, poor nutrition and general health, and increased vulnerability to re-recruitment. DDR practitioners should coordinate with child-focused local, national and\/or international health organizations to develop or identify for referral drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes adapted to the needs of CAAFAG. Treatment shall follow the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders.8", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1109, "Sentence":"Increasing the awareness of boys will help to reduce the reproductive health burden on girls and enable a gender-transformative approach (see section 4.3).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR increasing awareness boy help reduce reproductive health burden girl enable gendertransformative approach see section 4.3 ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.1 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"CAAFAG face a range of health issues that may impact their reintegration. The identification of health needs shall begin when the child first comes into contact with a DDR process, for example, at a reception centre or cantonment site or an interim care centre. However, ongoing health needs shall also be addressed during the reintegration process. This may be via referral to relevant local or national health facilities, medical fee coverage or the direct provision of support. All service and referral provision shall be private and confidential.Reproductive health \\n As soon as possible after their release from an armed force or group, and for as long as necessary, girls and boys who have survived sexual violence, abuse and exploitation shall receive medical care in addition to mental health and psychosocial care (see section 7.9.1). Consideration shall also be given to boys who may have been forced to perpetrate sexual violence. All children who have experienced sexual violence shall receive access to the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health.7 Girl mothers shall be referred to community health services and psychosocial support as a priority. To prevent cycles of violence, girl mothers shall be enabled to learn positive parenting skills so that their children develop in a nurturing household. \\n DDR practitioners should invest in reproductive health awareness-raising initiatives for boys and girls (especially adolescents) covering issues such as safe motherhood, sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, family planning and the reproductive health of young people. Increasing the awareness of boys will help to reduce the reproductive health burden on girls and enable a gender-transformative approach (see section 4.3). Consideration shall be given to any sensitivities that may arise through the inclusion of boys in these awareness-raising initiatives, and necessary preparations shall be made with families and community leaders to gain their support.HIV\/AIDS \\n Children who test positive for HIV\/AIDS may experience additional community stigmatization that negatively impacts upon their reintegration. Initial screening and testing for HIV\/AIDS shall be provided to CAAFAG during demobilization in a manner that voluntary and confidential. During reintegration, support for children living with HIV\/AIDS should include specialist counselling by personnel with experience of working with children, support to families, targeted referrals to existing medical facilities and linkages to local, national and\/or international health programmes. To ease reintegration, community-based HIV\/AIDS awareness training and education can be considered (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Children may also prefer to receive treatment in locations that are discreet (i.e., not in public spaces or through discreet entrances at clinics).Drug and alcohol addiction \\n Drugs and alcohol are often used by commanders to establish dependence, manipulate and coerce children into committing violence. Children\u2019s substance use can create obstacles to reintegration such as behavioural issues in the home and community, risk-taking behaviour, poor nutrition and general health, and increased vulnerability to re-recruitment. DDR practitioners should coordinate with child-focused local, national and\/or international health organizations to develop or identify for referral drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes adapted to the needs of CAAFAG. Treatment shall follow the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders.8", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1109, "Sentence":"Consideration shall be given to any sensitivities that may arise through the inclusion of boys in these awareness-raising initiatives, and necessary preparations shall be made with families and community leaders to gain their support.HIV\/AIDS \\n Children who test positive for HIV\/AIDS may experience additional community stigmatization that negatively impacts upon their reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR consideration shall given sensitivity may arise inclusion boy awarenessraising initiative necessary preparation shall made family community leader gain support.hiv\/aids n child test positive hiv\/aids may experience additional community stigmatization negatively impact upon reintegration ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.1 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"CAAFAG face a range of health issues that may impact their reintegration. The identification of health needs shall begin when the child first comes into contact with a DDR process, for example, at a reception centre or cantonment site or an interim care centre. However, ongoing health needs shall also be addressed during the reintegration process. This may be via referral to relevant local or national health facilities, medical fee coverage or the direct provision of support. All service and referral provision shall be private and confidential.Reproductive health \\n As soon as possible after their release from an armed force or group, and for as long as necessary, girls and boys who have survived sexual violence, abuse and exploitation shall receive medical care in addition to mental health and psychosocial care (see section 7.9.1). Consideration shall also be given to boys who may have been forced to perpetrate sexual violence. All children who have experienced sexual violence shall receive access to the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health.7 Girl mothers shall be referred to community health services and psychosocial support as a priority. To prevent cycles of violence, girl mothers shall be enabled to learn positive parenting skills so that their children develop in a nurturing household. \\n DDR practitioners should invest in reproductive health awareness-raising initiatives for boys and girls (especially adolescents) covering issues such as safe motherhood, sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, family planning and the reproductive health of young people. Increasing the awareness of boys will help to reduce the reproductive health burden on girls and enable a gender-transformative approach (see section 4.3). Consideration shall be given to any sensitivities that may arise through the inclusion of boys in these awareness-raising initiatives, and necessary preparations shall be made with families and community leaders to gain their support.HIV\/AIDS \\n Children who test positive for HIV\/AIDS may experience additional community stigmatization that negatively impacts upon their reintegration. Initial screening and testing for HIV\/AIDS shall be provided to CAAFAG during demobilization in a manner that voluntary and confidential. During reintegration, support for children living with HIV\/AIDS should include specialist counselling by personnel with experience of working with children, support to families, targeted referrals to existing medical facilities and linkages to local, national and\/or international health programmes. To ease reintegration, community-based HIV\/AIDS awareness training and education can be considered (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Children may also prefer to receive treatment in locations that are discreet (i.e., not in public spaces or through discreet entrances at clinics).Drug and alcohol addiction \\n Drugs and alcohol are often used by commanders to establish dependence, manipulate and coerce children into committing violence. Children\u2019s substance use can create obstacles to reintegration such as behavioural issues in the home and community, risk-taking behaviour, poor nutrition and general health, and increased vulnerability to re-recruitment. DDR practitioners should coordinate with child-focused local, national and\/or international health organizations to develop or identify for referral drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes adapted to the needs of CAAFAG. Treatment shall follow the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders.8", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1109, "Sentence":"Initial screening and testing for HIV\/AIDS shall be provided to CAAFAG during demobilization in a manner that voluntary and confidential.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR initial screening testing hiv\/aids shall provided caafag demobilization manner voluntary confidential ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.1 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"CAAFAG face a range of health issues that may impact their reintegration. The identification of health needs shall begin when the child first comes into contact with a DDR process, for example, at a reception centre or cantonment site or an interim care centre. However, ongoing health needs shall also be addressed during the reintegration process. This may be via referral to relevant local or national health facilities, medical fee coverage or the direct provision of support. All service and referral provision shall be private and confidential.Reproductive health \\n As soon as possible after their release from an armed force or group, and for as long as necessary, girls and boys who have survived sexual violence, abuse and exploitation shall receive medical care in addition to mental health and psychosocial care (see section 7.9.1). Consideration shall also be given to boys who may have been forced to perpetrate sexual violence. All children who have experienced sexual violence shall receive access to the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health.7 Girl mothers shall be referred to community health services and psychosocial support as a priority. To prevent cycles of violence, girl mothers shall be enabled to learn positive parenting skills so that their children develop in a nurturing household. \\n DDR practitioners should invest in reproductive health awareness-raising initiatives for boys and girls (especially adolescents) covering issues such as safe motherhood, sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, family planning and the reproductive health of young people. Increasing the awareness of boys will help to reduce the reproductive health burden on girls and enable a gender-transformative approach (see section 4.3). Consideration shall be given to any sensitivities that may arise through the inclusion of boys in these awareness-raising initiatives, and necessary preparations shall be made with families and community leaders to gain their support.HIV\/AIDS \\n Children who test positive for HIV\/AIDS may experience additional community stigmatization that negatively impacts upon their reintegration. Initial screening and testing for HIV\/AIDS shall be provided to CAAFAG during demobilization in a manner that voluntary and confidential. During reintegration, support for children living with HIV\/AIDS should include specialist counselling by personnel with experience of working with children, support to families, targeted referrals to existing medical facilities and linkages to local, national and\/or international health programmes. To ease reintegration, community-based HIV\/AIDS awareness training and education can be considered (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Children may also prefer to receive treatment in locations that are discreet (i.e., not in public spaces or through discreet entrances at clinics).Drug and alcohol addiction \\n Drugs and alcohol are often used by commanders to establish dependence, manipulate and coerce children into committing violence. Children\u2019s substance use can create obstacles to reintegration such as behavioural issues in the home and community, risk-taking behaviour, poor nutrition and general health, and increased vulnerability to re-recruitment. DDR practitioners should coordinate with child-focused local, national and\/or international health organizations to develop or identify for referral drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes adapted to the needs of CAAFAG. Treatment shall follow the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders.8", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1109, "Sentence":"During reintegration, support for children living with HIV\/AIDS should include specialist counselling by personnel with experience of working with children, support to families, targeted referrals to existing medical facilities and linkages to local, national and\/or international health programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR reintegration support child living hiv\/aids include specialist counselling personnel experience working child support family targeted referral existing medical facility linkage local national and\/or international health programme ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.1 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"CAAFAG face a range of health issues that may impact their reintegration. The identification of health needs shall begin when the child first comes into contact with a DDR process, for example, at a reception centre or cantonment site or an interim care centre. However, ongoing health needs shall also be addressed during the reintegration process. This may be via referral to relevant local or national health facilities, medical fee coverage or the direct provision of support. All service and referral provision shall be private and confidential.Reproductive health \\n As soon as possible after their release from an armed force or group, and for as long as necessary, girls and boys who have survived sexual violence, abuse and exploitation shall receive medical care in addition to mental health and psychosocial care (see section 7.9.1). Consideration shall also be given to boys who may have been forced to perpetrate sexual violence. All children who have experienced sexual violence shall receive access to the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health.7 Girl mothers shall be referred to community health services and psychosocial support as a priority. To prevent cycles of violence, girl mothers shall be enabled to learn positive parenting skills so that their children develop in a nurturing household. \\n DDR practitioners should invest in reproductive health awareness-raising initiatives for boys and girls (especially adolescents) covering issues such as safe motherhood, sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, family planning and the reproductive health of young people. Increasing the awareness of boys will help to reduce the reproductive health burden on girls and enable a gender-transformative approach (see section 4.3). Consideration shall be given to any sensitivities that may arise through the inclusion of boys in these awareness-raising initiatives, and necessary preparations shall be made with families and community leaders to gain their support.HIV\/AIDS \\n Children who test positive for HIV\/AIDS may experience additional community stigmatization that negatively impacts upon their reintegration. Initial screening and testing for HIV\/AIDS shall be provided to CAAFAG during demobilization in a manner that voluntary and confidential. During reintegration, support for children living with HIV\/AIDS should include specialist counselling by personnel with experience of working with children, support to families, targeted referrals to existing medical facilities and linkages to local, national and\/or international health programmes. To ease reintegration, community-based HIV\/AIDS awareness training and education can be considered (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Children may also prefer to receive treatment in locations that are discreet (i.e., not in public spaces or through discreet entrances at clinics).Drug and alcohol addiction \\n Drugs and alcohol are often used by commanders to establish dependence, manipulate and coerce children into committing violence. Children\u2019s substance use can create obstacles to reintegration such as behavioural issues in the home and community, risk-taking behaviour, poor nutrition and general health, and increased vulnerability to re-recruitment. DDR practitioners should coordinate with child-focused local, national and\/or international health organizations to develop or identify for referral drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes adapted to the needs of CAAFAG. Treatment shall follow the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders.8", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1109, "Sentence":"To ease reintegration, community-based HIV\/AIDS awareness training and education can be considered (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ease reintegration communitybased hiv\/aids awareness training education considered see iddrs 5.60 hiv\/aids ddr ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.1 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"CAAFAG face a range of health issues that may impact their reintegration. The identification of health needs shall begin when the child first comes into contact with a DDR process, for example, at a reception centre or cantonment site or an interim care centre. However, ongoing health needs shall also be addressed during the reintegration process. This may be via referral to relevant local or national health facilities, medical fee coverage or the direct provision of support. All service and referral provision shall be private and confidential.Reproductive health \\n As soon as possible after their release from an armed force or group, and for as long as necessary, girls and boys who have survived sexual violence, abuse and exploitation shall receive medical care in addition to mental health and psychosocial care (see section 7.9.1). Consideration shall also be given to boys who may have been forced to perpetrate sexual violence. All children who have experienced sexual violence shall receive access to the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health.7 Girl mothers shall be referred to community health services and psychosocial support as a priority. To prevent cycles of violence, girl mothers shall be enabled to learn positive parenting skills so that their children develop in a nurturing household. \\n DDR practitioners should invest in reproductive health awareness-raising initiatives for boys and girls (especially adolescents) covering issues such as safe motherhood, sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, family planning and the reproductive health of young people. Increasing the awareness of boys will help to reduce the reproductive health burden on girls and enable a gender-transformative approach (see section 4.3). Consideration shall be given to any sensitivities that may arise through the inclusion of boys in these awareness-raising initiatives, and necessary preparations shall be made with families and community leaders to gain their support.HIV\/AIDS \\n Children who test positive for HIV\/AIDS may experience additional community stigmatization that negatively impacts upon their reintegration. Initial screening and testing for HIV\/AIDS shall be provided to CAAFAG during demobilization in a manner that voluntary and confidential. During reintegration, support for children living with HIV\/AIDS should include specialist counselling by personnel with experience of working with children, support to families, targeted referrals to existing medical facilities and linkages to local, national and\/or international health programmes. To ease reintegration, community-based HIV\/AIDS awareness training and education can be considered (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Children may also prefer to receive treatment in locations that are discreet (i.e., not in public spaces or through discreet entrances at clinics).Drug and alcohol addiction \\n Drugs and alcohol are often used by commanders to establish dependence, manipulate and coerce children into committing violence. Children\u2019s substance use can create obstacles to reintegration such as behavioural issues in the home and community, risk-taking behaviour, poor nutrition and general health, and increased vulnerability to re-recruitment. DDR practitioners should coordinate with child-focused local, national and\/or international health organizations to develop or identify for referral drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes adapted to the needs of CAAFAG. Treatment shall follow the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders.8", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1109, "Sentence":"Children may also prefer to receive treatment in locations that are discreet (i.e., not in public spaces or through discreet entrances at clinics).Drug and alcohol addiction \\n Drugs and alcohol are often used by commanders to establish dependence, manipulate and coerce children into committing violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child may also prefer receive treatment location discreet i.e . public space discreet entrance clinics.drug alcohol addiction n drug alcohol often used commander establish dependence manipulate coerce child committing violence ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.1 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"CAAFAG face a range of health issues that may impact their reintegration. The identification of health needs shall begin when the child first comes into contact with a DDR process, for example, at a reception centre or cantonment site or an interim care centre. However, ongoing health needs shall also be addressed during the reintegration process. This may be via referral to relevant local or national health facilities, medical fee coverage or the direct provision of support. All service and referral provision shall be private and confidential.Reproductive health \\n As soon as possible after their release from an armed force or group, and for as long as necessary, girls and boys who have survived sexual violence, abuse and exploitation shall receive medical care in addition to mental health and psychosocial care (see section 7.9.1). Consideration shall also be given to boys who may have been forced to perpetrate sexual violence. All children who have experienced sexual violence shall receive access to the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health.7 Girl mothers shall be referred to community health services and psychosocial support as a priority. To prevent cycles of violence, girl mothers shall be enabled to learn positive parenting skills so that their children develop in a nurturing household. \\n DDR practitioners should invest in reproductive health awareness-raising initiatives for boys and girls (especially adolescents) covering issues such as safe motherhood, sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, family planning and the reproductive health of young people. Increasing the awareness of boys will help to reduce the reproductive health burden on girls and enable a gender-transformative approach (see section 4.3). Consideration shall be given to any sensitivities that may arise through the inclusion of boys in these awareness-raising initiatives, and necessary preparations shall be made with families and community leaders to gain their support.HIV\/AIDS \\n Children who test positive for HIV\/AIDS may experience additional community stigmatization that negatively impacts upon their reintegration. Initial screening and testing for HIV\/AIDS shall be provided to CAAFAG during demobilization in a manner that voluntary and confidential. During reintegration, support for children living with HIV\/AIDS should include specialist counselling by personnel with experience of working with children, support to families, targeted referrals to existing medical facilities and linkages to local, national and\/or international health programmes. To ease reintegration, community-based HIV\/AIDS awareness training and education can be considered (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Children may also prefer to receive treatment in locations that are discreet (i.e., not in public spaces or through discreet entrances at clinics).Drug and alcohol addiction \\n Drugs and alcohol are often used by commanders to establish dependence, manipulate and coerce children into committing violence. Children\u2019s substance use can create obstacles to reintegration such as behavioural issues in the home and community, risk-taking behaviour, poor nutrition and general health, and increased vulnerability to re-recruitment. DDR practitioners should coordinate with child-focused local, national and\/or international health organizations to develop or identify for referral drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes adapted to the needs of CAAFAG. Treatment shall follow the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders.8", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1109, "Sentence":"Children\u2019s substance use can create obstacles to reintegration such as behavioural issues in the home and community, risk-taking behaviour, poor nutrition and general health, and increased vulnerability to re-recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child \u2019 substance use create obstacle reintegration behavioural issue home community risktaking behaviour poor nutrition general health increased vulnerability rerecruitment ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.1 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"CAAFAG face a range of health issues that may impact their reintegration. The identification of health needs shall begin when the child first comes into contact with a DDR process, for example, at a reception centre or cantonment site or an interim care centre. However, ongoing health needs shall also be addressed during the reintegration process. This may be via referral to relevant local or national health facilities, medical fee coverage or the direct provision of support. All service and referral provision shall be private and confidential.Reproductive health \\n As soon as possible after their release from an armed force or group, and for as long as necessary, girls and boys who have survived sexual violence, abuse and exploitation shall receive medical care in addition to mental health and psychosocial care (see section 7.9.1). Consideration shall also be given to boys who may have been forced to perpetrate sexual violence. All children who have experienced sexual violence shall receive access to the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health.7 Girl mothers shall be referred to community health services and psychosocial support as a priority. To prevent cycles of violence, girl mothers shall be enabled to learn positive parenting skills so that their children develop in a nurturing household. \\n DDR practitioners should invest in reproductive health awareness-raising initiatives for boys and girls (especially adolescents) covering issues such as safe motherhood, sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, family planning and the reproductive health of young people. Increasing the awareness of boys will help to reduce the reproductive health burden on girls and enable a gender-transformative approach (see section 4.3). Consideration shall be given to any sensitivities that may arise through the inclusion of boys in these awareness-raising initiatives, and necessary preparations shall be made with families and community leaders to gain their support.HIV\/AIDS \\n Children who test positive for HIV\/AIDS may experience additional community stigmatization that negatively impacts upon their reintegration. Initial screening and testing for HIV\/AIDS shall be provided to CAAFAG during demobilization in a manner that voluntary and confidential. During reintegration, support for children living with HIV\/AIDS should include specialist counselling by personnel with experience of working with children, support to families, targeted referrals to existing medical facilities and linkages to local, national and\/or international health programmes. To ease reintegration, community-based HIV\/AIDS awareness training and education can be considered (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Children may also prefer to receive treatment in locations that are discreet (i.e., not in public spaces or through discreet entrances at clinics).Drug and alcohol addiction \\n Drugs and alcohol are often used by commanders to establish dependence, manipulate and coerce children into committing violence. Children\u2019s substance use can create obstacles to reintegration such as behavioural issues in the home and community, risk-taking behaviour, poor nutrition and general health, and increased vulnerability to re-recruitment. DDR practitioners should coordinate with child-focused local, national and\/or international health organizations to develop or identify for referral drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes adapted to the needs of CAAFAG. Treatment shall follow the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders.8", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1109, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should coordinate with child-focused local, national and\/or international health organizations to develop or identify for referral drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes adapted to the needs of CAAFAG.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr practitioner coordinate childfocused local national and\/or international health organization develop identify referral drug alcohol rehabilitation programme adapted need caafag ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.1 Health", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"CAAFAG face a range of health issues that may impact their reintegration. The identification of health needs shall begin when the child first comes into contact with a DDR process, for example, at a reception centre or cantonment site or an interim care centre. However, ongoing health needs shall also be addressed during the reintegration process. This may be via referral to relevant local or national health facilities, medical fee coverage or the direct provision of support. All service and referral provision shall be private and confidential.Reproductive health \\n As soon as possible after their release from an armed force or group, and for as long as necessary, girls and boys who have survived sexual violence, abuse and exploitation shall receive medical care in addition to mental health and psychosocial care (see section 7.9.1). Consideration shall also be given to boys who may have been forced to perpetrate sexual violence. All children who have experienced sexual violence shall receive access to the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health.7 Girl mothers shall be referred to community health services and psychosocial support as a priority. To prevent cycles of violence, girl mothers shall be enabled to learn positive parenting skills so that their children develop in a nurturing household. \\n DDR practitioners should invest in reproductive health awareness-raising initiatives for boys and girls (especially adolescents) covering issues such as safe motherhood, sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, family planning and the reproductive health of young people. Increasing the awareness of boys will help to reduce the reproductive health burden on girls and enable a gender-transformative approach (see section 4.3). Consideration shall be given to any sensitivities that may arise through the inclusion of boys in these awareness-raising initiatives, and necessary preparations shall be made with families and community leaders to gain their support.HIV\/AIDS \\n Children who test positive for HIV\/AIDS may experience additional community stigmatization that negatively impacts upon their reintegration. Initial screening and testing for HIV\/AIDS shall be provided to CAAFAG during demobilization in a manner that voluntary and confidential. During reintegration, support for children living with HIV\/AIDS should include specialist counselling by personnel with experience of working with children, support to families, targeted referrals to existing medical facilities and linkages to local, national and\/or international health programmes. To ease reintegration, community-based HIV\/AIDS awareness training and education can be considered (see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR). Children may also prefer to receive treatment in locations that are discreet (i.e., not in public spaces or through discreet entrances at clinics).Drug and alcohol addiction \\n Drugs and alcohol are often used by commanders to establish dependence, manipulate and coerce children into committing violence. Children\u2019s substance use can create obstacles to reintegration such as behavioural issues in the home and community, risk-taking behaviour, poor nutrition and general health, and increased vulnerability to re-recruitment. DDR practitioners should coordinate with child-focused local, national and\/or international health organizations to develop or identify for referral drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes adapted to the needs of CAAFAG. Treatment shall follow the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders.8", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1109, "Sentence":"Treatment shall follow the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders.8", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR treatment shall follow international standard treatment drug use disorders.8" }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR mental psychosocial health critical effective reintegration age group however child face specific challenge seriously undermine return civilian life ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child may mental health psychosocial need reenter community due experience conflict tremendous effort required adapt back civilian life anxiety uncertainty stigmatization fear rejected poverty lack livelihood.mental health psychosocial support offered dependent individual need resource help child develop new pattern behaviour improve selfesteem develop capacity make decision future enable express emotion want ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child community support capacity cope distress caused war ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR mental health psychosocial support activity build child \u2019 natural resilience family community support mechanism encourage coping positive development ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR communitybased case management system active child require individualized mental health support ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR system available child community may need.some child may need specific mental health psychosocial assistance overcome particularly negative harmful experience stay armed force group ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR boy girl experienced sexual violence including prolonged nature may face significant psychosocial issue affecting reintegration \u2013 example inability trust adult aggression social withdrawal ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR living injury disability terminally ill particular require care adapted need environment.mental health psychosocial support intervention child ddr process shall abide following core principles9 n human right equality focus protection child risk human right violation promotion equity nondiscrimination maximizing fairness across subgroup child ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR equality provision support includes taking consideration tailoring support specific different need boy girl ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"\\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n participation ensure participation child decision affecting support resilience promote participation family community important support structure child \u2019 psychosocial health ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"\\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n harm minimize risk harm child psychosocial support employing good coordination family community actor appropriate need assessment cultural sensitivity ongoing monitoring reflection approach ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"\\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n build available resource capacity engage existing structure selfhelp mechanism root intervention local solution ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"\\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n integrated support system integrate wider system e.g . existing community support mechanism formal\/nonformal school system general health service general mental health service social service reach people communitybased approach limit stigma ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"\\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n multilayered support layered system complementary support effective meeting different need nn basic service security securing basic need food shelter water basic health care ensuring minimum level security represent first step mental psychosocial wellbeing ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR nn community family support child require level family\/community support address psychosocial disruption ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR may include communal healing ceremony supportive parenting programme formal nonformal educational activity livelihood activity activation social network ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR nn focused nonspecialized support moreaffected child require intervention trained supervised personnel area psychological first aid basic mental health care primary healthcare worker ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR nn specialized service targeting affected child exhibit serious mental health psychosocial symptom require either referral specialized service exist b initiation longerterm training supervision primary\/general health care providers.each context requires specific approach mental health psychosocial support ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR however annex provides generalized \u2019 \u2019 t planning mental health psychosocial support intervention ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.2 Psychosocial support and special care", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Mental and psychosocial health is critical to effective reintegration for all age groups; however, children face specific challenges that can seriously undermine their return to civilian life. Some children may have mental health or psychosocial needs when they re-enter their communities due to their experiences during conflict, the tremendous effort required to adapt to being back in civilian life, anxiety and uncertainty, stigmatization, fear of being rejected, poverty and a lack of livelihood.Mental health and psychosocial support should be offered (dependent on individual need and resources) to help children develop new patterns of behaviour, improve their self-esteem, develop their capacity to make decisions about the future and enable them to express emotions should they want to do so. Children and communities, with support, do have the capacity to cope with the distress caused by war. Mental health and psychosocial support activities should build on children\u2019s natural resilience and family and community support mechanisms and encourage coping and positive development. A community-based case management system should be active for children who require individualized mental health support. This system should be available for all children in the community who may be in need.Some children may need specific mental health or psychosocial assistance to overcome particularly negative or harmful experiences during their stay with an armed force or group. Boys and girls who have experienced sexual violence, including when of a prolonged nature, may face significant psychosocial issues affecting their reintegration \u2013 for example, an inability to trust adults, aggression and social withdrawal. Those living with injury and disability and the terminally ill, in particular, require care that is adapted to their needs and environment.Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children in DDR processes shall abide by the following core principles:9 \\n Human rights and equality: Focus on the protection of children most at risk of human rights violations and the promotion of equity and non-discrimination, maximizing fairness across all sub-groups of children. Equality in provision of support includes taking into consideration and tailoring support to the specific, and different needs, of boys and girls. \\n Participation: Ensure the participation of children in decisions affecting them to support their resilience and promote the participation of families and communities, as they are the most important support structures for children\u2019s psychosocial health. \\n Do no harm: Minimize the risk of harm to children through psychosocial support by employing good coordination (with families, communities and other actors), appropriate needs assessments, cultural sensitivity, and ongoing monitoring and reflection on approach. \\n Build on available resources and capacities: Engage with existing structures and self-help mechanisms to root the intervention in local solutions. \\n Integrated support systems: Integrate into wider systems (e.g., existing community support mechanisms, formal\/non-formal school systems, general health services, general mental health services, social services) to reach more people (community-based approaches) and limit stigma. \\n Multilayered supports: A layered system of complementary supports is most effective in meeting different needs: \\n\\n Basic services and security: Securing basic needs (food, shelter, water, basic health care) and ensuring a minimum level of security represent the first steps in mental and psychosocial well-being. \\n\\n Community and family supports: Most children will require some level of family\/community support to address psychosocial disruption. This may include communal healing ceremonies, supportive parenting programmes, formal and non-formal educational activities, livelihood activities and the activation of social networks. \\n\\n Focused, non-specialized supports: More-affected children will require interventions by trained and supervised personnel in areas such as psychological first aid and basic mental health care by primary health-care workers. \\n\\n Specialized services: Targeting the most affected children who exhibit serious mental health and psychosocial symptoms and require either (a) referral to specialized services, if they exist, or (b) initiation of longer-term training and supervision of primary\/general health- care providers.Each context requires a specific approach to mental health and psychosocial support. However, Annex D provides some generalized do\u2019s and don\u2019ts for planning mental health and psychosocial support interventions. The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1110, "Sentence":"The guidelines for psychosocial support set out in IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR are also applicable to children, although specific considerations for age should be made.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR guideline psychosocial support set iddrs 5.30 youth ddr also applicable child although specific consideration age made ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.3 Family tracing and reunification", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Following the release of children from armed forces and groups, efforts should be made to reunify children with their families, whenever possible and in their best interests. Family tracing and reunification shall be based on the Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children.10 Family reunification is not simply a matter of returning a child to his or her family, but requires preparation, mediation, and follow-up, possibly including ceremonies of return, to help the family recognize and address problems of alienation, addiction, aggression and resistance to civil forms of authority. Reunification also involves the family in decisions regarding the child\u2019s re-adaptation, education, learning and training. Children need to be reassured that their families want them back and accept them as they now are. Assistance should not only consist of material aid, but also include social support and follow-up.Family tracing should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities. Family reunification will follow after mediation and an assessment of the situation that is quick, but thorough enough to be sure that there is no threat or discomfort to the child. Children can feel worried about returning to their family or community because of acts they may have committed when with armed forces or groups, or for any number of other reasons (e.g., girls may have been victims of sexual violence, abuse or exploitation, and may feel especially trepidatious if they have children born from those experiences).Phased approaches to reunification may be considered if reunification is determined to be in the best interests of the child but certain challenges exist. For example, there may be family trauma as a result of conflict, or economic conditions may make immediate reunification difficult. These issues may also necessitate ongoing mediation, as well as psychosocial support to the child and family focused initially on the immediate challenge of reunification, but with a longer-term strategy to address more systemic issues.Family-based reintegration and services are crucial to the long-term success of reintegration. Case management may need to include components on support to families such as parenting support or economic support to the adults in the family.In some cases, family reunification may not be in the best interests of the child, because of difficult security or family conditions that do not provide the child with required levels of protection. It must also be recognized that poor family conditions or family connections to armed forces and groups may have been the reason the child was recruited in the first place. If these conditions remain unchanged, children are at risk of being re-recruited. When family reunification is not in the best interests of the child, for whatever reason, the aforementioned Guidelines for Alternative Care shall be followed.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1111, "Sentence":"Following the release of children from armed forces and groups, efforts should be made to reunify children with their families, whenever possible and in their best interests.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR following release child armed force group effort made reunify child family whenever possible best interest ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.3 Family tracing and reunification", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Following the release of children from armed forces and groups, efforts should be made to reunify children with their families, whenever possible and in their best interests. Family tracing and reunification shall be based on the Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children.10 Family reunification is not simply a matter of returning a child to his or her family, but requires preparation, mediation, and follow-up, possibly including ceremonies of return, to help the family recognize and address problems of alienation, addiction, aggression and resistance to civil forms of authority. Reunification also involves the family in decisions regarding the child\u2019s re-adaptation, education, learning and training. Children need to be reassured that their families want them back and accept them as they now are. Assistance should not only consist of material aid, but also include social support and follow-up.Family tracing should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities. Family reunification will follow after mediation and an assessment of the situation that is quick, but thorough enough to be sure that there is no threat or discomfort to the child. Children can feel worried about returning to their family or community because of acts they may have committed when with armed forces or groups, or for any number of other reasons (e.g., girls may have been victims of sexual violence, abuse or exploitation, and may feel especially trepidatious if they have children born from those experiences).Phased approaches to reunification may be considered if reunification is determined to be in the best interests of the child but certain challenges exist. For example, there may be family trauma as a result of conflict, or economic conditions may make immediate reunification difficult. These issues may also necessitate ongoing mediation, as well as psychosocial support to the child and family focused initially on the immediate challenge of reunification, but with a longer-term strategy to address more systemic issues.Family-based reintegration and services are crucial to the long-term success of reintegration. Case management may need to include components on support to families such as parenting support or economic support to the adults in the family.In some cases, family reunification may not be in the best interests of the child, because of difficult security or family conditions that do not provide the child with required levels of protection. It must also be recognized that poor family conditions or family connections to armed forces and groups may have been the reason the child was recruited in the first place. If these conditions remain unchanged, children are at risk of being re-recruited. When family reunification is not in the best interests of the child, for whatever reason, the aforementioned Guidelines for Alternative Care shall be followed.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1111, "Sentence":"Family tracing and reunification shall be based on the Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children.10 Family reunification is not simply a matter of returning a child to his or her family, but requires preparation, mediation, and follow-up, possibly including ceremonies of return, to help the family recognize and address problems of alienation, addiction, aggression and resistance to civil forms of authority.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR family tracing reunification shall based interagency guiding principle unaccompanied separated children.10 family reunification simply matter returning child family requires preparation mediation followup possibly including ceremony return help family recognize address problem alienation addiction aggression resistance civil form authority ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.3 Family tracing and reunification", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Following the release of children from armed forces and groups, efforts should be made to reunify children with their families, whenever possible and in their best interests. Family tracing and reunification shall be based on the Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children.10 Family reunification is not simply a matter of returning a child to his or her family, but requires preparation, mediation, and follow-up, possibly including ceremonies of return, to help the family recognize and address problems of alienation, addiction, aggression and resistance to civil forms of authority. Reunification also involves the family in decisions regarding the child\u2019s re-adaptation, education, learning and training. Children need to be reassured that their families want them back and accept them as they now are. Assistance should not only consist of material aid, but also include social support and follow-up.Family tracing should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities. Family reunification will follow after mediation and an assessment of the situation that is quick, but thorough enough to be sure that there is no threat or discomfort to the child. Children can feel worried about returning to their family or community because of acts they may have committed when with armed forces or groups, or for any number of other reasons (e.g., girls may have been victims of sexual violence, abuse or exploitation, and may feel especially trepidatious if they have children born from those experiences).Phased approaches to reunification may be considered if reunification is determined to be in the best interests of the child but certain challenges exist. For example, there may be family trauma as a result of conflict, or economic conditions may make immediate reunification difficult. These issues may also necessitate ongoing mediation, as well as psychosocial support to the child and family focused initially on the immediate challenge of reunification, but with a longer-term strategy to address more systemic issues.Family-based reintegration and services are crucial to the long-term success of reintegration. Case management may need to include components on support to families such as parenting support or economic support to the adults in the family.In some cases, family reunification may not be in the best interests of the child, because of difficult security or family conditions that do not provide the child with required levels of protection. It must also be recognized that poor family conditions or family connections to armed forces and groups may have been the reason the child was recruited in the first place. If these conditions remain unchanged, children are at risk of being re-recruited. When family reunification is not in the best interests of the child, for whatever reason, the aforementioned Guidelines for Alternative Care shall be followed.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1111, "Sentence":"Reunification also involves the family in decisions regarding the child\u2019s re-adaptation, education, learning and training.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR reunification also involves family decision regarding child \u2019 readaptation education learning training ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.3 Family tracing and reunification", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Following the release of children from armed forces and groups, efforts should be made to reunify children with their families, whenever possible and in their best interests. Family tracing and reunification shall be based on the Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children.10 Family reunification is not simply a matter of returning a child to his or her family, but requires preparation, mediation, and follow-up, possibly including ceremonies of return, to help the family recognize and address problems of alienation, addiction, aggression and resistance to civil forms of authority. Reunification also involves the family in decisions regarding the child\u2019s re-adaptation, education, learning and training. Children need to be reassured that their families want them back and accept them as they now are. Assistance should not only consist of material aid, but also include social support and follow-up.Family tracing should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities. Family reunification will follow after mediation and an assessment of the situation that is quick, but thorough enough to be sure that there is no threat or discomfort to the child. Children can feel worried about returning to their family or community because of acts they may have committed when with armed forces or groups, or for any number of other reasons (e.g., girls may have been victims of sexual violence, abuse or exploitation, and may feel especially trepidatious if they have children born from those experiences).Phased approaches to reunification may be considered if reunification is determined to be in the best interests of the child but certain challenges exist. For example, there may be family trauma as a result of conflict, or economic conditions may make immediate reunification difficult. These issues may also necessitate ongoing mediation, as well as psychosocial support to the child and family focused initially on the immediate challenge of reunification, but with a longer-term strategy to address more systemic issues.Family-based reintegration and services are crucial to the long-term success of reintegration. Case management may need to include components on support to families such as parenting support or economic support to the adults in the family.In some cases, family reunification may not be in the best interests of the child, because of difficult security or family conditions that do not provide the child with required levels of protection. It must also be recognized that poor family conditions or family connections to armed forces and groups may have been the reason the child was recruited in the first place. If these conditions remain unchanged, children are at risk of being re-recruited. When family reunification is not in the best interests of the child, for whatever reason, the aforementioned Guidelines for Alternative Care shall be followed.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1111, "Sentence":"Children need to be reassured that their families want them back and accept them as they now are.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child need reassured family want back accept ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.3 Family tracing and reunification", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Following the release of children from armed forces and groups, efforts should be made to reunify children with their families, whenever possible and in their best interests. Family tracing and reunification shall be based on the Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children.10 Family reunification is not simply a matter of returning a child to his or her family, but requires preparation, mediation, and follow-up, possibly including ceremonies of return, to help the family recognize and address problems of alienation, addiction, aggression and resistance to civil forms of authority. Reunification also involves the family in decisions regarding the child\u2019s re-adaptation, education, learning and training. Children need to be reassured that their families want them back and accept them as they now are. Assistance should not only consist of material aid, but also include social support and follow-up.Family tracing should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities. Family reunification will follow after mediation and an assessment of the situation that is quick, but thorough enough to be sure that there is no threat or discomfort to the child. Children can feel worried about returning to their family or community because of acts they may have committed when with armed forces or groups, or for any number of other reasons (e.g., girls may have been victims of sexual violence, abuse or exploitation, and may feel especially trepidatious if they have children born from those experiences).Phased approaches to reunification may be considered if reunification is determined to be in the best interests of the child but certain challenges exist. For example, there may be family trauma as a result of conflict, or economic conditions may make immediate reunification difficult. These issues may also necessitate ongoing mediation, as well as psychosocial support to the child and family focused initially on the immediate challenge of reunification, but with a longer-term strategy to address more systemic issues.Family-based reintegration and services are crucial to the long-term success of reintegration. Case management may need to include components on support to families such as parenting support or economic support to the adults in the family.In some cases, family reunification may not be in the best interests of the child, because of difficult security or family conditions that do not provide the child with required levels of protection. It must also be recognized that poor family conditions or family connections to armed forces and groups may have been the reason the child was recruited in the first place. If these conditions remain unchanged, children are at risk of being re-recruited. When family reunification is not in the best interests of the child, for whatever reason, the aforementioned Guidelines for Alternative Care shall be followed.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1111, "Sentence":"Assistance should not only consist of material aid, but also include social support and follow-up.Family tracing should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR assistance consist material aid also include social support followup.family tracing started earliest possible stage carried time activity ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.3 Family tracing and reunification", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Following the release of children from armed forces and groups, efforts should be made to reunify children with their families, whenever possible and in their best interests. Family tracing and reunification shall be based on the Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children.10 Family reunification is not simply a matter of returning a child to his or her family, but requires preparation, mediation, and follow-up, possibly including ceremonies of return, to help the family recognize and address problems of alienation, addiction, aggression and resistance to civil forms of authority. Reunification also involves the family in decisions regarding the child\u2019s re-adaptation, education, learning and training. Children need to be reassured that their families want them back and accept them as they now are. Assistance should not only consist of material aid, but also include social support and follow-up.Family tracing should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities. Family reunification will follow after mediation and an assessment of the situation that is quick, but thorough enough to be sure that there is no threat or discomfort to the child. Children can feel worried about returning to their family or community because of acts they may have committed when with armed forces or groups, or for any number of other reasons (e.g., girls may have been victims of sexual violence, abuse or exploitation, and may feel especially trepidatious if they have children born from those experiences).Phased approaches to reunification may be considered if reunification is determined to be in the best interests of the child but certain challenges exist. For example, there may be family trauma as a result of conflict, or economic conditions may make immediate reunification difficult. These issues may also necessitate ongoing mediation, as well as psychosocial support to the child and family focused initially on the immediate challenge of reunification, but with a longer-term strategy to address more systemic issues.Family-based reintegration and services are crucial to the long-term success of reintegration. Case management may need to include components on support to families such as parenting support or economic support to the adults in the family.In some cases, family reunification may not be in the best interests of the child, because of difficult security or family conditions that do not provide the child with required levels of protection. It must also be recognized that poor family conditions or family connections to armed forces and groups may have been the reason the child was recruited in the first place. If these conditions remain unchanged, children are at risk of being re-recruited. When family reunification is not in the best interests of the child, for whatever reason, the aforementioned Guidelines for Alternative Care shall be followed.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1111, "Sentence":"Family reunification will follow after mediation and an assessment of the situation that is quick, but thorough enough to be sure that there is no threat or discomfort to the child.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR family reunification follow mediation assessment situation quick thorough enough sure threat discomfort child ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.3 Family tracing and reunification", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Following the release of children from armed forces and groups, efforts should be made to reunify children with their families, whenever possible and in their best interests. Family tracing and reunification shall be based on the Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children.10 Family reunification is not simply a matter of returning a child to his or her family, but requires preparation, mediation, and follow-up, possibly including ceremonies of return, to help the family recognize and address problems of alienation, addiction, aggression and resistance to civil forms of authority. Reunification also involves the family in decisions regarding the child\u2019s re-adaptation, education, learning and training. Children need to be reassured that their families want them back and accept them as they now are. Assistance should not only consist of material aid, but also include social support and follow-up.Family tracing should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities. Family reunification will follow after mediation and an assessment of the situation that is quick, but thorough enough to be sure that there is no threat or discomfort to the child. Children can feel worried about returning to their family or community because of acts they may have committed when with armed forces or groups, or for any number of other reasons (e.g., girls may have been victims of sexual violence, abuse or exploitation, and may feel especially trepidatious if they have children born from those experiences).Phased approaches to reunification may be considered if reunification is determined to be in the best interests of the child but certain challenges exist. For example, there may be family trauma as a result of conflict, or economic conditions may make immediate reunification difficult. These issues may also necessitate ongoing mediation, as well as psychosocial support to the child and family focused initially on the immediate challenge of reunification, but with a longer-term strategy to address more systemic issues.Family-based reintegration and services are crucial to the long-term success of reintegration. Case management may need to include components on support to families such as parenting support or economic support to the adults in the family.In some cases, family reunification may not be in the best interests of the child, because of difficult security or family conditions that do not provide the child with required levels of protection. It must also be recognized that poor family conditions or family connections to armed forces and groups may have been the reason the child was recruited in the first place. If these conditions remain unchanged, children are at risk of being re-recruited. When family reunification is not in the best interests of the child, for whatever reason, the aforementioned Guidelines for Alternative Care shall be followed.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1111, "Sentence":"Children can feel worried about returning to their family or community because of acts they may have committed when with armed forces or groups, or for any number of other reasons (e.g., girls may have been victims of sexual violence, abuse or exploitation, and may feel especially trepidatious if they have children born from those experiences).Phased approaches to reunification may be considered if reunification is determined to be in the best interests of the child but certain challenges exist.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child feel worried returning family community act may committed armed force group number reason e.g . girl may victim sexual violence abuse exploitation may feel especially trepidatious child born experiences.phased approach reunification may considered reunification determined best interest child certain challenge exist ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.3 Family tracing and reunification", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Following the release of children from armed forces and groups, efforts should be made to reunify children with their families, whenever possible and in their best interests. Family tracing and reunification shall be based on the Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children.10 Family reunification is not simply a matter of returning a child to his or her family, but requires preparation, mediation, and follow-up, possibly including ceremonies of return, to help the family recognize and address problems of alienation, addiction, aggression and resistance to civil forms of authority. Reunification also involves the family in decisions regarding the child\u2019s re-adaptation, education, learning and training. Children need to be reassured that their families want them back and accept them as they now are. Assistance should not only consist of material aid, but also include social support and follow-up.Family tracing should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities. Family reunification will follow after mediation and an assessment of the situation that is quick, but thorough enough to be sure that there is no threat or discomfort to the child. Children can feel worried about returning to their family or community because of acts they may have committed when with armed forces or groups, or for any number of other reasons (e.g., girls may have been victims of sexual violence, abuse or exploitation, and may feel especially trepidatious if they have children born from those experiences).Phased approaches to reunification may be considered if reunification is determined to be in the best interests of the child but certain challenges exist. For example, there may be family trauma as a result of conflict, or economic conditions may make immediate reunification difficult. These issues may also necessitate ongoing mediation, as well as psychosocial support to the child and family focused initially on the immediate challenge of reunification, but with a longer-term strategy to address more systemic issues.Family-based reintegration and services are crucial to the long-term success of reintegration. Case management may need to include components on support to families such as parenting support or economic support to the adults in the family.In some cases, family reunification may not be in the best interests of the child, because of difficult security or family conditions that do not provide the child with required levels of protection. It must also be recognized that poor family conditions or family connections to armed forces and groups may have been the reason the child was recruited in the first place. If these conditions remain unchanged, children are at risk of being re-recruited. When family reunification is not in the best interests of the child, for whatever reason, the aforementioned Guidelines for Alternative Care shall be followed.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1111, "Sentence":"For example, there may be family trauma as a result of conflict, or economic conditions may make immediate reunification difficult.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR example may family trauma result conflict economic condition may make immediate reunification difficult ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.3 Family tracing and reunification", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Following the release of children from armed forces and groups, efforts should be made to reunify children with their families, whenever possible and in their best interests. Family tracing and reunification shall be based on the Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children.10 Family reunification is not simply a matter of returning a child to his or her family, but requires preparation, mediation, and follow-up, possibly including ceremonies of return, to help the family recognize and address problems of alienation, addiction, aggression and resistance to civil forms of authority. Reunification also involves the family in decisions regarding the child\u2019s re-adaptation, education, learning and training. Children need to be reassured that their families want them back and accept them as they now are. Assistance should not only consist of material aid, but also include social support and follow-up.Family tracing should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities. Family reunification will follow after mediation and an assessment of the situation that is quick, but thorough enough to be sure that there is no threat or discomfort to the child. Children can feel worried about returning to their family or community because of acts they may have committed when with armed forces or groups, or for any number of other reasons (e.g., girls may have been victims of sexual violence, abuse or exploitation, and may feel especially trepidatious if they have children born from those experiences).Phased approaches to reunification may be considered if reunification is determined to be in the best interests of the child but certain challenges exist. For example, there may be family trauma as a result of conflict, or economic conditions may make immediate reunification difficult. These issues may also necessitate ongoing mediation, as well as psychosocial support to the child and family focused initially on the immediate challenge of reunification, but with a longer-term strategy to address more systemic issues.Family-based reintegration and services are crucial to the long-term success of reintegration. Case management may need to include components on support to families such as parenting support or economic support to the adults in the family.In some cases, family reunification may not be in the best interests of the child, because of difficult security or family conditions that do not provide the child with required levels of protection. It must also be recognized that poor family conditions or family connections to armed forces and groups may have been the reason the child was recruited in the first place. If these conditions remain unchanged, children are at risk of being re-recruited. When family reunification is not in the best interests of the child, for whatever reason, the aforementioned Guidelines for Alternative Care shall be followed.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1111, "Sentence":"These issues may also necessitate ongoing mediation, as well as psychosocial support to the child and family focused initially on the immediate challenge of reunification, but with a longer-term strategy to address more systemic issues.Family-based reintegration and services are crucial to the long-term success of reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR issue may also necessitate ongoing mediation well psychosocial support child family focused initially immediate challenge reunification longerterm strategy address systemic issues.familybased reintegration service crucial longterm success reintegration ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.3 Family tracing and reunification", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Following the release of children from armed forces and groups, efforts should be made to reunify children with their families, whenever possible and in their best interests. Family tracing and reunification shall be based on the Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children.10 Family reunification is not simply a matter of returning a child to his or her family, but requires preparation, mediation, and follow-up, possibly including ceremonies of return, to help the family recognize and address problems of alienation, addiction, aggression and resistance to civil forms of authority. Reunification also involves the family in decisions regarding the child\u2019s re-adaptation, education, learning and training. Children need to be reassured that their families want them back and accept them as they now are. Assistance should not only consist of material aid, but also include social support and follow-up.Family tracing should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities. Family reunification will follow after mediation and an assessment of the situation that is quick, but thorough enough to be sure that there is no threat or discomfort to the child. Children can feel worried about returning to their family or community because of acts they may have committed when with armed forces or groups, or for any number of other reasons (e.g., girls may have been victims of sexual violence, abuse or exploitation, and may feel especially trepidatious if they have children born from those experiences).Phased approaches to reunification may be considered if reunification is determined to be in the best interests of the child but certain challenges exist. For example, there may be family trauma as a result of conflict, or economic conditions may make immediate reunification difficult. These issues may also necessitate ongoing mediation, as well as psychosocial support to the child and family focused initially on the immediate challenge of reunification, but with a longer-term strategy to address more systemic issues.Family-based reintegration and services are crucial to the long-term success of reintegration. Case management may need to include components on support to families such as parenting support or economic support to the adults in the family.In some cases, family reunification may not be in the best interests of the child, because of difficult security or family conditions that do not provide the child with required levels of protection. It must also be recognized that poor family conditions or family connections to armed forces and groups may have been the reason the child was recruited in the first place. If these conditions remain unchanged, children are at risk of being re-recruited. When family reunification is not in the best interests of the child, for whatever reason, the aforementioned Guidelines for Alternative Care shall be followed.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1111, "Sentence":"Case management may need to include components on support to families such as parenting support or economic support to the adults in the family.In some cases, family reunification may not be in the best interests of the child, because of difficult security or family conditions that do not provide the child with required levels of protection.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR case management may need include component support family parenting support economic support adult family.in case family reunification may best interest child difficult security family condition provide child required level protection ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.3 Family tracing and reunification", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Following the release of children from armed forces and groups, efforts should be made to reunify children with their families, whenever possible and in their best interests. Family tracing and reunification shall be based on the Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children.10 Family reunification is not simply a matter of returning a child to his or her family, but requires preparation, mediation, and follow-up, possibly including ceremonies of return, to help the family recognize and address problems of alienation, addiction, aggression and resistance to civil forms of authority. Reunification also involves the family in decisions regarding the child\u2019s re-adaptation, education, learning and training. Children need to be reassured that their families want them back and accept them as they now are. Assistance should not only consist of material aid, but also include social support and follow-up.Family tracing should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities. Family reunification will follow after mediation and an assessment of the situation that is quick, but thorough enough to be sure that there is no threat or discomfort to the child. Children can feel worried about returning to their family or community because of acts they may have committed when with armed forces or groups, or for any number of other reasons (e.g., girls may have been victims of sexual violence, abuse or exploitation, and may feel especially trepidatious if they have children born from those experiences).Phased approaches to reunification may be considered if reunification is determined to be in the best interests of the child but certain challenges exist. For example, there may be family trauma as a result of conflict, or economic conditions may make immediate reunification difficult. These issues may also necessitate ongoing mediation, as well as psychosocial support to the child and family focused initially on the immediate challenge of reunification, but with a longer-term strategy to address more systemic issues.Family-based reintegration and services are crucial to the long-term success of reintegration. Case management may need to include components on support to families such as parenting support or economic support to the adults in the family.In some cases, family reunification may not be in the best interests of the child, because of difficult security or family conditions that do not provide the child with required levels of protection. It must also be recognized that poor family conditions or family connections to armed forces and groups may have been the reason the child was recruited in the first place. If these conditions remain unchanged, children are at risk of being re-recruited. When family reunification is not in the best interests of the child, for whatever reason, the aforementioned Guidelines for Alternative Care shall be followed.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1111, "Sentence":"It must also be recognized that poor family conditions or family connections to armed forces and groups may have been the reason the child was recruited in the first place.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR must also recognized poor family condition family connection armed force group may reason child recruited first place ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.3 Family tracing and reunification", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Following the release of children from armed forces and groups, efforts should be made to reunify children with their families, whenever possible and in their best interests. Family tracing and reunification shall be based on the Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children.10 Family reunification is not simply a matter of returning a child to his or her family, but requires preparation, mediation, and follow-up, possibly including ceremonies of return, to help the family recognize and address problems of alienation, addiction, aggression and resistance to civil forms of authority. Reunification also involves the family in decisions regarding the child\u2019s re-adaptation, education, learning and training. Children need to be reassured that their families want them back and accept them as they now are. Assistance should not only consist of material aid, but also include social support and follow-up.Family tracing should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities. Family reunification will follow after mediation and an assessment of the situation that is quick, but thorough enough to be sure that there is no threat or discomfort to the child. Children can feel worried about returning to their family or community because of acts they may have committed when with armed forces or groups, or for any number of other reasons (e.g., girls may have been victims of sexual violence, abuse or exploitation, and may feel especially trepidatious if they have children born from those experiences).Phased approaches to reunification may be considered if reunification is determined to be in the best interests of the child but certain challenges exist. For example, there may be family trauma as a result of conflict, or economic conditions may make immediate reunification difficult. These issues may also necessitate ongoing mediation, as well as psychosocial support to the child and family focused initially on the immediate challenge of reunification, but with a longer-term strategy to address more systemic issues.Family-based reintegration and services are crucial to the long-term success of reintegration. Case management may need to include components on support to families such as parenting support or economic support to the adults in the family.In some cases, family reunification may not be in the best interests of the child, because of difficult security or family conditions that do not provide the child with required levels of protection. It must also be recognized that poor family conditions or family connections to armed forces and groups may have been the reason the child was recruited in the first place. If these conditions remain unchanged, children are at risk of being re-recruited. When family reunification is not in the best interests of the child, for whatever reason, the aforementioned Guidelines for Alternative Care shall be followed.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1111, "Sentence":"If these conditions remain unchanged, children are at risk of being re-recruited.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR condition remain unchanged child risk rerecruited ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.3 Family tracing and reunification", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Following the release of children from armed forces and groups, efforts should be made to reunify children with their families, whenever possible and in their best interests. Family tracing and reunification shall be based on the Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children.10 Family reunification is not simply a matter of returning a child to his or her family, but requires preparation, mediation, and follow-up, possibly including ceremonies of return, to help the family recognize and address problems of alienation, addiction, aggression and resistance to civil forms of authority. Reunification also involves the family in decisions regarding the child\u2019s re-adaptation, education, learning and training. Children need to be reassured that their families want them back and accept them as they now are. Assistance should not only consist of material aid, but also include social support and follow-up.Family tracing should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities. Family reunification will follow after mediation and an assessment of the situation that is quick, but thorough enough to be sure that there is no threat or discomfort to the child. Children can feel worried about returning to their family or community because of acts they may have committed when with armed forces or groups, or for any number of other reasons (e.g., girls may have been victims of sexual violence, abuse or exploitation, and may feel especially trepidatious if they have children born from those experiences).Phased approaches to reunification may be considered if reunification is determined to be in the best interests of the child but certain challenges exist. For example, there may be family trauma as a result of conflict, or economic conditions may make immediate reunification difficult. These issues may also necessitate ongoing mediation, as well as psychosocial support to the child and family focused initially on the immediate challenge of reunification, but with a longer-term strategy to address more systemic issues.Family-based reintegration and services are crucial to the long-term success of reintegration. Case management may need to include components on support to families such as parenting support or economic support to the adults in the family.In some cases, family reunification may not be in the best interests of the child, because of difficult security or family conditions that do not provide the child with required levels of protection. It must also be recognized that poor family conditions or family connections to armed forces and groups may have been the reason the child was recruited in the first place. If these conditions remain unchanged, children are at risk of being re-recruited. When family reunification is not in the best interests of the child, for whatever reason, the aforementioned Guidelines for Alternative Care shall be followed.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1111, "Sentence":"When family reunification is not in the best interests of the child, for whatever reason, the aforementioned Guidelines for Alternative Care shall be followed.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR family reunification best interest child whatever reason aforementioned guideline alternative care shall followed ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR family community critical role play successful reintegration caafag ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR release many caafag return form family relationship \u2013 parent extended family ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR others however return family due fear rejection family may killed traced ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR family rejection often disproportionately affect girl presumed engaged sexual relation men performed role regarded suitable girl according traditional norms.with family acceptance support reintegration likely successful ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR process family reintegration however always simple ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR residual conflict may remain new conflict may emerge due various stressor ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR intergenerational conflict often feature society conflict may issue returning child push voice recognition intensify ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR assisting family creation supportive environment returning caafag achieved variety mean considered ddr process child ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR support may take number different form n psychosocial support extended family help address broader psychosocial wellbeing concern overcome initial tension strengthen resilience family whole ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"\\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n positive parenting programme increase awareness right need child help develop parenting skill better support returning caafag e.g . recognizing symptom trauma parentchild communication productively addressing negative behaviour child ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"\\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n promotion parentteacher association development membership provide way parent support child school highlight parent \u2019 need e.g . help fee uniform food ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"\\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n incomegenerating activity involve support whole family rather child alleviate financial concern promote working together ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"\\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n establishment communitybased child protection network involving parent assist delivery early warning related recruitment risk child \u2019 engagement risktaking behaviour e.g . drug alcohol abuse unsafe sex conflict among child youth community ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"\\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n support association family conflictaffected child beyond caafag help build awareness community specific need address stigma provide support range area including health income generation community voice participation.when supporting family take stronger role reintegration child important wider community feel child rewarded involvement armed force group broader community need neglected ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR community acceptance essential child \u2019 reintegration preconceived idea child coming armed force group scar violence committed family and\/or community severely limit community support ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR prevent reprisal stigmatization community rejection community shall prepared returning caafag sensitization ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR sensitization process shall begin early possible ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR additional activity help prepare community include strengthening local child protection network peace reconciliation education event aimed encouraging lasting reintegration children.cultural religious traditional ritual play important role protection reintegration girl boy community ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR may include traditional healing cleansing forgiveness ritual considered harmful development solidarity mechanism based tradition use proverb saying sensitization mediation activity ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR care taken ensure religious belief serve best interest child especially area religion cultural value may played role recruitment.reconciliation ceremony offer forgiveness act committed allow child \u2018 cleansed \u2019 violence suffered contributed restore cultural link demonstrate child \u2019 involvement civilian life ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ceremony increase commitment community child \u2019 reintegration process ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child contribute creation appropriate reintegration mechanism improve sense belonging capacity ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR however also essential understand neutralize community tradition physically mentally harmful child ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR addition ritual may suitable contexts.particular attention paid information circulates among community returning boy girl harmful rumour e.g . real presumed rate hiv\/aids among alleged sexual behaviour girl effectively countered ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR girl highest risk rejection community important programme staff engage continual basis community educate experience girl challenge face without fostering pity stigma ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR programme staff consult affected girl include planning implementation initiative including experience portrayed possible.specific focus given addressing issue genderbased violence including sexual violence ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.4 Supporting families and communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Families and communities have a critical role to play in the successful reintegration of CAAFAG. After their release, many CAAFAG return to some form of family relationship \u2013 be it with parents or extended family. Others, however, do not return to their family due to fear or rejection, or because their families may have been killed or cannot be traced. Family rejection often disproportionately affects girls, as they are presumed to have engaged in sexual relations with men or to have performed roles not regarded as suitable for girls according to traditional norms.With family acceptance and support, reintegration is more likely to be successful. The process of family reintegration, however, is not always simple. Residual conflict may remain, or new conflicts may emerge due to various stressors. Intergenerational conflict, often a feature of societies in conflict, may be an issue and, as returning children push for voice and recognition, can intensify. Assisting families in the creation of a supportive environment for returning CAAFAG can be achieved through a variety of means and should be considered in all DDR processes for children. This support may take a number of different forms: \\n Psychosocial support to the extended family can help to address broader psychosocial well-being concerns, overcome initial tensions and strengthen the resilience of the family as a whole. \\n Positive parenting programmes can increase awareness of the rights (and needs) of the child and help to develop parenting skills to better support returning CAAFAG (e.g., recognizing symptoms of trauma, parent-child communication, productively addressing negative behaviours in the child). \\n Promotion of parent-teacher associations (development or membership of) can provide ways for parents to support their children in school and highlight parents\u2019 needs (e.g., help with fees, uniforms, food). \\n Income-generating activities that involve or support the whole family rather than only the child can alleviate financial concerns and promote working together. \\n Establishment of community-based child protection networks involving parents can assist in the delivery of early warnings related to recruitment risk, children\u2019s engagement in risk-taking behaviours (e.g., drug or alcohol abuse, unsafe sex) or conflicts among children and youth in the community. \\n Support to associations of families of conflict-affected children beyond CAAFAG can help build awareness in the community of their specific needs, address stigma and provide support in a range of areas including health, income generation, community voice and participation.When supporting families to take a stronger role in the reintegration of their children, it is important that the wider community does not feel that children are rewarded for their involvement with armed forces or groups, or that broader community needs are being neglected. Community acceptance is essential for a child\u2019s reintegration, but preconceived ideas about children coming out of armed forces and groups, or the scars of violence committed against families and\/or communities, can severely limit community support. To prevent reprisals, stigmatization and community rejection, communities shall be prepared for returning CAAFAG through sensitization. This sensitization process shall begin as early as possible. Additional activities to help prepare the community include the strengthening of local child protection networks, peace and reconciliation education, and events aimed at encouraging the lasting reintegration of children.Cultural, religious and traditional rituals can play an important role in the protection and reintegration of girls and boys into their communities. These may include traditional healing, cleansing and forgiveness rituals, where they are considered not to be harmful; the development of solidarity mechanisms based on tradition; and the use of proverbs and sayings in sensitization and mediation activities. Care should be taken to ensure that religious beliefs serve the best interests of the child, especially in areas where religion or cultural values may have played a role in recruitment.Reconciliation ceremonies can offer forgiveness for acts committed, allow children to be \u2018cleansed\u2019 of the violence they have suffered or contributed to, restore cultural links and demonstrate children\u2019s involvement in civilian life. Such ceremonies can increase the commitment of communities to a child\u2019s reintegration process. Children should contribute to the creation of appropriate reintegration mechanisms to improve their sense of belonging and capacity. However, it is also essential to understand and neutralize community traditions that are physically or mentally harmful to a child. In addition, such rituals may not be suitable in all contexts.Particular attention should be paid to the information that circulates among communities about returning boys and girls, so that harmful rumours (e.g., about real or presumed rates of HIV\/AIDS among them and the alleged sexual behaviour of girls) can be effectively countered. Girls are at highest risk of rejection by their communities, and it is important for programme staff to engage on a continual basis with the community to educate them about the experience girls have had and the challenges they face without fostering pity or stigma. Programme staff should consult with affected girls and include them in the planning and implementation of initiatives, including how their experiences are portrayed, where possible.Specific focus should be given to addressing issues of gender-based violence, including sexual violence. Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1112, "Sentence":"Girls who experience gender-based violence during their time associated with an armed force or group will often face stigmatization on their return, while boys will often never discuss it due to societal taboos.Specific engagement with communities to aid the reintegration of CAAFAG may include: \\n Community sensitization and awareness-raising to educate communities on the rights of the child, the challenges CAAFAG face in their reintegration and the role that the community plays in this process; \\n Community-based psychosocial support addressing the needs of conflict-affected community members as well as CAAFAG and their families; \\n Community-wide parenting programmes that include the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG and help improve awareness and foster social inclusion and cohesion; \\n Support to community-based child protection structures that benefits the whole community, including those that reduce the risk of recruitment; \\n Investment in child-focused infrastructure rehabilitation (e.g., schools, health centres, child\/youth centres) that provide benefit to all children in the community; \\n Community-wide income-generation and employment programmes that bring older children as well as the parents of CAAFAG and non-CAAFAG together and provide much-needed livelihood opportunities; \\n Creation of community child committees that bring together community leaders, parents and child representatives (selected from children in the community, including CAAFAG and non- CAAFAG) to provide children with a platform to ensure their voice and participation, especially in the reconstruction process, is guaranteed; and \\n Advocacy support (including training, resources and\/or linkages) to increase the role and voice of communities and children\/youth in the development\/revision of national child and youth policies, as well as interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR girl experience genderbased violence time associated armed force group often face stigmatization return boy often never discus due societal taboos.specific engagement community aid reintegration caafag may include n community sensitization awarenessraising educate community right child challenge caafag face reintegration role community play process n communitybased psychosocial support addressing need conflictaffected community member well caafag family n communitywide parenting programme include parent caafag noncaafag help improve awareness foster social inclusion cohesion n support communitybased child protection structure benefit whole community including reduce risk recruitment n investment childfocused infrastructure rehabilitation e.g . school health centre child\/youth centre provide benefit child community n communitywide incomegeneration employment programme bring older child well parent caafag noncaafag together provide muchneeded livelihood opportunity n creation community child committee bring together community leader parent child representative selected child community including caafag non caafag provide child platform ensure voice participation especially reconstruction process guaranteed n advocacy support including training resource and\/or linkage increase role voice community children\/youth development\/revision national child youth policy well intervention ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.5 Access to education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Education is a critical component of enabling returning CAAFAG to successfully transition into normal civilian routines and helps to prepare them for future opportunities. The higher a child\u2019s level of education, the more likely his\/her reintegration is to succeed. DDR processes for children shall therefore support children to try to reach (or recover) as high a level of education as possible, often starting with basic literacy.After a relatively long stay within armed forces or groups, or because of the difficulties they previously experienced in school, children may not be able to adapt to traditional teaching methods. For these situations, schooling programmes should be developed in consultation with the ministry of education that are specifically designed for such children, and that achieve the same results as other formal educational programmes. To better support children who are struggling, teachers should receive specific training. This may include training in recognizing signs of emotional stress, managing problematic behaviour and developing effective pupil-parent relations.Accelerated Education Programmes (AEPs) and other remedial schooling programmes for children who have been out of school for long periods can provide vital catch-up education. An AEP is \u201ca flexible, age-appropriate programme, run in an accelerated timeframe, which aims to provide access to education for disadvantaged, over-age, out-of-school children and youth. This may include those who missed out on or had their education disrupted due to poverty, marginalization, conflict and crisis. The goal of AEPs is to provide learners with equivalent, certified competencies for basic education using effective teaching and learning approaches that match their level of cognitive maturity.\u201dThe AEP Working Group details 10 principles for the delivery of accelerated education, as well as key action points, key definitions, essential information, examples and case studies, and indications of challenges and other points to consider. These principles shall be followed by any programme engaging in AEPs.DDR processes for children can further support the education of demobilized CAAFAG through various other means including AEP teacher training; capacity-building of a country training team; provision of teaching and learning materials; provision of school furniture; payment of incentives to AEP teachers; payment of registration and examination fees; and the renovation and rehabilitation of schools, including sanitation facilities. Moreover, modalities should be developed that enable part-time study if this is desirable, and other assistance should be provided to boost attendance (e.g., food, childcare facilities for girl mothers).The aim, wherever possible, should be to integrate returning children into existing education systems. Supporting these systems provides a benefit for the entire community and can help to ease reintegration of CAAFAG. However, even with the assistance of such programmes, some children may not be able to return to the regular school system. In such cases, programmes should be designed to include vocational training activities (skills training and apprenticeships) that are suited to local conditions and markets, and in line with national legislation on minimum working age and working conditions, (see section 7.9.5).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1113, "Sentence":"Education is a critical component of enabling returning CAAFAG to successfully transition into normal civilian routines and helps to prepare them for future opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR education critical component enabling returning caafag successfully transition normal civilian routine help prepare future opportunity ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.5 Access to education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Education is a critical component of enabling returning CAAFAG to successfully transition into normal civilian routines and helps to prepare them for future opportunities. The higher a child\u2019s level of education, the more likely his\/her reintegration is to succeed. DDR processes for children shall therefore support children to try to reach (or recover) as high a level of education as possible, often starting with basic literacy.After a relatively long stay within armed forces or groups, or because of the difficulties they previously experienced in school, children may not be able to adapt to traditional teaching methods. For these situations, schooling programmes should be developed in consultation with the ministry of education that are specifically designed for such children, and that achieve the same results as other formal educational programmes. To better support children who are struggling, teachers should receive specific training. This may include training in recognizing signs of emotional stress, managing problematic behaviour and developing effective pupil-parent relations.Accelerated Education Programmes (AEPs) and other remedial schooling programmes for children who have been out of school for long periods can provide vital catch-up education. An AEP is \u201ca flexible, age-appropriate programme, run in an accelerated timeframe, which aims to provide access to education for disadvantaged, over-age, out-of-school children and youth. This may include those who missed out on or had their education disrupted due to poverty, marginalization, conflict and crisis. The goal of AEPs is to provide learners with equivalent, certified competencies for basic education using effective teaching and learning approaches that match their level of cognitive maturity.\u201dThe AEP Working Group details 10 principles for the delivery of accelerated education, as well as key action points, key definitions, essential information, examples and case studies, and indications of challenges and other points to consider. These principles shall be followed by any programme engaging in AEPs.DDR processes for children can further support the education of demobilized CAAFAG through various other means including AEP teacher training; capacity-building of a country training team; provision of teaching and learning materials; provision of school furniture; payment of incentives to AEP teachers; payment of registration and examination fees; and the renovation and rehabilitation of schools, including sanitation facilities. Moreover, modalities should be developed that enable part-time study if this is desirable, and other assistance should be provided to boost attendance (e.g., food, childcare facilities for girl mothers).The aim, wherever possible, should be to integrate returning children into existing education systems. Supporting these systems provides a benefit for the entire community and can help to ease reintegration of CAAFAG. However, even with the assistance of such programmes, some children may not be able to return to the regular school system. In such cases, programmes should be designed to include vocational training activities (skills training and apprenticeships) that are suited to local conditions and markets, and in line with national legislation on minimum working age and working conditions, (see section 7.9.5).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1113, "Sentence":"The higher a child\u2019s level of education, the more likely his\/her reintegration is to succeed.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR higher child \u2019 level education likely his\/her reintegration succeed ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.5 Access to education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Education is a critical component of enabling returning CAAFAG to successfully transition into normal civilian routines and helps to prepare them for future opportunities. The higher a child\u2019s level of education, the more likely his\/her reintegration is to succeed. DDR processes for children shall therefore support children to try to reach (or recover) as high a level of education as possible, often starting with basic literacy.After a relatively long stay within armed forces or groups, or because of the difficulties they previously experienced in school, children may not be able to adapt to traditional teaching methods. For these situations, schooling programmes should be developed in consultation with the ministry of education that are specifically designed for such children, and that achieve the same results as other formal educational programmes. To better support children who are struggling, teachers should receive specific training. This may include training in recognizing signs of emotional stress, managing problematic behaviour and developing effective pupil-parent relations.Accelerated Education Programmes (AEPs) and other remedial schooling programmes for children who have been out of school for long periods can provide vital catch-up education. An AEP is \u201ca flexible, age-appropriate programme, run in an accelerated timeframe, which aims to provide access to education for disadvantaged, over-age, out-of-school children and youth. This may include those who missed out on or had their education disrupted due to poverty, marginalization, conflict and crisis. The goal of AEPs is to provide learners with equivalent, certified competencies for basic education using effective teaching and learning approaches that match their level of cognitive maturity.\u201dThe AEP Working Group details 10 principles for the delivery of accelerated education, as well as key action points, key definitions, essential information, examples and case studies, and indications of challenges and other points to consider. These principles shall be followed by any programme engaging in AEPs.DDR processes for children can further support the education of demobilized CAAFAG through various other means including AEP teacher training; capacity-building of a country training team; provision of teaching and learning materials; provision of school furniture; payment of incentives to AEP teachers; payment of registration and examination fees; and the renovation and rehabilitation of schools, including sanitation facilities. Moreover, modalities should be developed that enable part-time study if this is desirable, and other assistance should be provided to boost attendance (e.g., food, childcare facilities for girl mothers).The aim, wherever possible, should be to integrate returning children into existing education systems. Supporting these systems provides a benefit for the entire community and can help to ease reintegration of CAAFAG. However, even with the assistance of such programmes, some children may not be able to return to the regular school system. In such cases, programmes should be designed to include vocational training activities (skills training and apprenticeships) that are suited to local conditions and markets, and in line with national legislation on minimum working age and working conditions, (see section 7.9.5).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1113, "Sentence":"DDR processes for children shall therefore support children to try to reach (or recover) as high a level of education as possible, often starting with basic literacy.After a relatively long stay within armed forces or groups, or because of the difficulties they previously experienced in school, children may not be able to adapt to traditional teaching methods.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr process child shall therefore support child try reach recover high level education possible often starting basic literacy.after relatively long stay within armed force group difficulty previously experienced school child may able adapt traditional teaching method ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.5 Access to education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Education is a critical component of enabling returning CAAFAG to successfully transition into normal civilian routines and helps to prepare them for future opportunities. The higher a child\u2019s level of education, the more likely his\/her reintegration is to succeed. DDR processes for children shall therefore support children to try to reach (or recover) as high a level of education as possible, often starting with basic literacy.After a relatively long stay within armed forces or groups, or because of the difficulties they previously experienced in school, children may not be able to adapt to traditional teaching methods. For these situations, schooling programmes should be developed in consultation with the ministry of education that are specifically designed for such children, and that achieve the same results as other formal educational programmes. To better support children who are struggling, teachers should receive specific training. This may include training in recognizing signs of emotional stress, managing problematic behaviour and developing effective pupil-parent relations.Accelerated Education Programmes (AEPs) and other remedial schooling programmes for children who have been out of school for long periods can provide vital catch-up education. An AEP is \u201ca flexible, age-appropriate programme, run in an accelerated timeframe, which aims to provide access to education for disadvantaged, over-age, out-of-school children and youth. This may include those who missed out on or had their education disrupted due to poverty, marginalization, conflict and crisis. The goal of AEPs is to provide learners with equivalent, certified competencies for basic education using effective teaching and learning approaches that match their level of cognitive maturity.\u201dThe AEP Working Group details 10 principles for the delivery of accelerated education, as well as key action points, key definitions, essential information, examples and case studies, and indications of challenges and other points to consider. These principles shall be followed by any programme engaging in AEPs.DDR processes for children can further support the education of demobilized CAAFAG through various other means including AEP teacher training; capacity-building of a country training team; provision of teaching and learning materials; provision of school furniture; payment of incentives to AEP teachers; payment of registration and examination fees; and the renovation and rehabilitation of schools, including sanitation facilities. Moreover, modalities should be developed that enable part-time study if this is desirable, and other assistance should be provided to boost attendance (e.g., food, childcare facilities for girl mothers).The aim, wherever possible, should be to integrate returning children into existing education systems. Supporting these systems provides a benefit for the entire community and can help to ease reintegration of CAAFAG. However, even with the assistance of such programmes, some children may not be able to return to the regular school system. In such cases, programmes should be designed to include vocational training activities (skills training and apprenticeships) that are suited to local conditions and markets, and in line with national legislation on minimum working age and working conditions, (see section 7.9.5).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1113, "Sentence":"For these situations, schooling programmes should be developed in consultation with the ministry of education that are specifically designed for such children, and that achieve the same results as other formal educational programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR situation schooling programme developed consultation ministry education specifically designed child achieve result formal educational programme ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.5 Access to education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Education is a critical component of enabling returning CAAFAG to successfully transition into normal civilian routines and helps to prepare them for future opportunities. The higher a child\u2019s level of education, the more likely his\/her reintegration is to succeed. DDR processes for children shall therefore support children to try to reach (or recover) as high a level of education as possible, often starting with basic literacy.After a relatively long stay within armed forces or groups, or because of the difficulties they previously experienced in school, children may not be able to adapt to traditional teaching methods. For these situations, schooling programmes should be developed in consultation with the ministry of education that are specifically designed for such children, and that achieve the same results as other formal educational programmes. To better support children who are struggling, teachers should receive specific training. This may include training in recognizing signs of emotional stress, managing problematic behaviour and developing effective pupil-parent relations.Accelerated Education Programmes (AEPs) and other remedial schooling programmes for children who have been out of school for long periods can provide vital catch-up education. An AEP is \u201ca flexible, age-appropriate programme, run in an accelerated timeframe, which aims to provide access to education for disadvantaged, over-age, out-of-school children and youth. This may include those who missed out on or had their education disrupted due to poverty, marginalization, conflict and crisis. The goal of AEPs is to provide learners with equivalent, certified competencies for basic education using effective teaching and learning approaches that match their level of cognitive maturity.\u201dThe AEP Working Group details 10 principles for the delivery of accelerated education, as well as key action points, key definitions, essential information, examples and case studies, and indications of challenges and other points to consider. These principles shall be followed by any programme engaging in AEPs.DDR processes for children can further support the education of demobilized CAAFAG through various other means including AEP teacher training; capacity-building of a country training team; provision of teaching and learning materials; provision of school furniture; payment of incentives to AEP teachers; payment of registration and examination fees; and the renovation and rehabilitation of schools, including sanitation facilities. Moreover, modalities should be developed that enable part-time study if this is desirable, and other assistance should be provided to boost attendance (e.g., food, childcare facilities for girl mothers).The aim, wherever possible, should be to integrate returning children into existing education systems. Supporting these systems provides a benefit for the entire community and can help to ease reintegration of CAAFAG. However, even with the assistance of such programmes, some children may not be able to return to the regular school system. In such cases, programmes should be designed to include vocational training activities (skills training and apprenticeships) that are suited to local conditions and markets, and in line with national legislation on minimum working age and working conditions, (see section 7.9.5).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1113, "Sentence":"To better support children who are struggling, teachers should receive specific training.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR better support child struggling teacher receive specific training ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.5 Access to education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Education is a critical component of enabling returning CAAFAG to successfully transition into normal civilian routines and helps to prepare them for future opportunities. The higher a child\u2019s level of education, the more likely his\/her reintegration is to succeed. DDR processes for children shall therefore support children to try to reach (or recover) as high a level of education as possible, often starting with basic literacy.After a relatively long stay within armed forces or groups, or because of the difficulties they previously experienced in school, children may not be able to adapt to traditional teaching methods. For these situations, schooling programmes should be developed in consultation with the ministry of education that are specifically designed for such children, and that achieve the same results as other formal educational programmes. To better support children who are struggling, teachers should receive specific training. This may include training in recognizing signs of emotional stress, managing problematic behaviour and developing effective pupil-parent relations.Accelerated Education Programmes (AEPs) and other remedial schooling programmes for children who have been out of school for long periods can provide vital catch-up education. An AEP is \u201ca flexible, age-appropriate programme, run in an accelerated timeframe, which aims to provide access to education for disadvantaged, over-age, out-of-school children and youth. This may include those who missed out on or had their education disrupted due to poverty, marginalization, conflict and crisis. The goal of AEPs is to provide learners with equivalent, certified competencies for basic education using effective teaching and learning approaches that match their level of cognitive maturity.\u201dThe AEP Working Group details 10 principles for the delivery of accelerated education, as well as key action points, key definitions, essential information, examples and case studies, and indications of challenges and other points to consider. These principles shall be followed by any programme engaging in AEPs.DDR processes for children can further support the education of demobilized CAAFAG through various other means including AEP teacher training; capacity-building of a country training team; provision of teaching and learning materials; provision of school furniture; payment of incentives to AEP teachers; payment of registration and examination fees; and the renovation and rehabilitation of schools, including sanitation facilities. Moreover, modalities should be developed that enable part-time study if this is desirable, and other assistance should be provided to boost attendance (e.g., food, childcare facilities for girl mothers).The aim, wherever possible, should be to integrate returning children into existing education systems. Supporting these systems provides a benefit for the entire community and can help to ease reintegration of CAAFAG. However, even with the assistance of such programmes, some children may not be able to return to the regular school system. In such cases, programmes should be designed to include vocational training activities (skills training and apprenticeships) that are suited to local conditions and markets, and in line with national legislation on minimum working age and working conditions, (see section 7.9.5).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1113, "Sentence":"This may include training in recognizing signs of emotional stress, managing problematic behaviour and developing effective pupil-parent relations.Accelerated Education Programmes (AEPs) and other remedial schooling programmes for children who have been out of school for long periods can provide vital catch-up education.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR may include training recognizing sign emotional stress managing problematic behaviour developing effective pupilparent relations.accelerated education programme aeps remedial schooling programme child school long period provide vital catchup education ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.5 Access to education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Education is a critical component of enabling returning CAAFAG to successfully transition into normal civilian routines and helps to prepare them for future opportunities. The higher a child\u2019s level of education, the more likely his\/her reintegration is to succeed. DDR processes for children shall therefore support children to try to reach (or recover) as high a level of education as possible, often starting with basic literacy.After a relatively long stay within armed forces or groups, or because of the difficulties they previously experienced in school, children may not be able to adapt to traditional teaching methods. For these situations, schooling programmes should be developed in consultation with the ministry of education that are specifically designed for such children, and that achieve the same results as other formal educational programmes. To better support children who are struggling, teachers should receive specific training. This may include training in recognizing signs of emotional stress, managing problematic behaviour and developing effective pupil-parent relations.Accelerated Education Programmes (AEPs) and other remedial schooling programmes for children who have been out of school for long periods can provide vital catch-up education. An AEP is \u201ca flexible, age-appropriate programme, run in an accelerated timeframe, which aims to provide access to education for disadvantaged, over-age, out-of-school children and youth. This may include those who missed out on or had their education disrupted due to poverty, marginalization, conflict and crisis. The goal of AEPs is to provide learners with equivalent, certified competencies for basic education using effective teaching and learning approaches that match their level of cognitive maturity.\u201dThe AEP Working Group details 10 principles for the delivery of accelerated education, as well as key action points, key definitions, essential information, examples and case studies, and indications of challenges and other points to consider. These principles shall be followed by any programme engaging in AEPs.DDR processes for children can further support the education of demobilized CAAFAG through various other means including AEP teacher training; capacity-building of a country training team; provision of teaching and learning materials; provision of school furniture; payment of incentives to AEP teachers; payment of registration and examination fees; and the renovation and rehabilitation of schools, including sanitation facilities. Moreover, modalities should be developed that enable part-time study if this is desirable, and other assistance should be provided to boost attendance (e.g., food, childcare facilities for girl mothers).The aim, wherever possible, should be to integrate returning children into existing education systems. Supporting these systems provides a benefit for the entire community and can help to ease reintegration of CAAFAG. However, even with the assistance of such programmes, some children may not be able to return to the regular school system. In such cases, programmes should be designed to include vocational training activities (skills training and apprenticeships) that are suited to local conditions and markets, and in line with national legislation on minimum working age and working conditions, (see section 7.9.5).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1113, "Sentence":"An AEP is \u201ca flexible, age-appropriate programme, run in an accelerated timeframe, which aims to provide access to education for disadvantaged, over-age, out-of-school children and youth.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR aep \u201c flexible ageappropriate programme run accelerated timeframe aim provide access education disadvantaged overage outofschool child youth ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.5 Access to education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Education is a critical component of enabling returning CAAFAG to successfully transition into normal civilian routines and helps to prepare them for future opportunities. The higher a child\u2019s level of education, the more likely his\/her reintegration is to succeed. DDR processes for children shall therefore support children to try to reach (or recover) as high a level of education as possible, often starting with basic literacy.After a relatively long stay within armed forces or groups, or because of the difficulties they previously experienced in school, children may not be able to adapt to traditional teaching methods. For these situations, schooling programmes should be developed in consultation with the ministry of education that are specifically designed for such children, and that achieve the same results as other formal educational programmes. To better support children who are struggling, teachers should receive specific training. This may include training in recognizing signs of emotional stress, managing problematic behaviour and developing effective pupil-parent relations.Accelerated Education Programmes (AEPs) and other remedial schooling programmes for children who have been out of school for long periods can provide vital catch-up education. An AEP is \u201ca flexible, age-appropriate programme, run in an accelerated timeframe, which aims to provide access to education for disadvantaged, over-age, out-of-school children and youth. This may include those who missed out on or had their education disrupted due to poverty, marginalization, conflict and crisis. The goal of AEPs is to provide learners with equivalent, certified competencies for basic education using effective teaching and learning approaches that match their level of cognitive maturity.\u201dThe AEP Working Group details 10 principles for the delivery of accelerated education, as well as key action points, key definitions, essential information, examples and case studies, and indications of challenges and other points to consider. These principles shall be followed by any programme engaging in AEPs.DDR processes for children can further support the education of demobilized CAAFAG through various other means including AEP teacher training; capacity-building of a country training team; provision of teaching and learning materials; provision of school furniture; payment of incentives to AEP teachers; payment of registration and examination fees; and the renovation and rehabilitation of schools, including sanitation facilities. Moreover, modalities should be developed that enable part-time study if this is desirable, and other assistance should be provided to boost attendance (e.g., food, childcare facilities for girl mothers).The aim, wherever possible, should be to integrate returning children into existing education systems. Supporting these systems provides a benefit for the entire community and can help to ease reintegration of CAAFAG. However, even with the assistance of such programmes, some children may not be able to return to the regular school system. In such cases, programmes should be designed to include vocational training activities (skills training and apprenticeships) that are suited to local conditions and markets, and in line with national legislation on minimum working age and working conditions, (see section 7.9.5).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1113, "Sentence":"This may include those who missed out on or had their education disrupted due to poverty, marginalization, conflict and crisis.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR may include missed education disrupted due poverty marginalization conflict crisis ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.5 Access to education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Education is a critical component of enabling returning CAAFAG to successfully transition into normal civilian routines and helps to prepare them for future opportunities. The higher a child\u2019s level of education, the more likely his\/her reintegration is to succeed. DDR processes for children shall therefore support children to try to reach (or recover) as high a level of education as possible, often starting with basic literacy.After a relatively long stay within armed forces or groups, or because of the difficulties they previously experienced in school, children may not be able to adapt to traditional teaching methods. For these situations, schooling programmes should be developed in consultation with the ministry of education that are specifically designed for such children, and that achieve the same results as other formal educational programmes. To better support children who are struggling, teachers should receive specific training. This may include training in recognizing signs of emotional stress, managing problematic behaviour and developing effective pupil-parent relations.Accelerated Education Programmes (AEPs) and other remedial schooling programmes for children who have been out of school for long periods can provide vital catch-up education. An AEP is \u201ca flexible, age-appropriate programme, run in an accelerated timeframe, which aims to provide access to education for disadvantaged, over-age, out-of-school children and youth. This may include those who missed out on or had their education disrupted due to poverty, marginalization, conflict and crisis. The goal of AEPs is to provide learners with equivalent, certified competencies for basic education using effective teaching and learning approaches that match their level of cognitive maturity.\u201dThe AEP Working Group details 10 principles for the delivery of accelerated education, as well as key action points, key definitions, essential information, examples and case studies, and indications of challenges and other points to consider. These principles shall be followed by any programme engaging in AEPs.DDR processes for children can further support the education of demobilized CAAFAG through various other means including AEP teacher training; capacity-building of a country training team; provision of teaching and learning materials; provision of school furniture; payment of incentives to AEP teachers; payment of registration and examination fees; and the renovation and rehabilitation of schools, including sanitation facilities. Moreover, modalities should be developed that enable part-time study if this is desirable, and other assistance should be provided to boost attendance (e.g., food, childcare facilities for girl mothers).The aim, wherever possible, should be to integrate returning children into existing education systems. Supporting these systems provides a benefit for the entire community and can help to ease reintegration of CAAFAG. However, even with the assistance of such programmes, some children may not be able to return to the regular school system. In such cases, programmes should be designed to include vocational training activities (skills training and apprenticeships) that are suited to local conditions and markets, and in line with national legislation on minimum working age and working conditions, (see section 7.9.5).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1113, "Sentence":"The goal of AEPs is to provide learners with equivalent, certified competencies for basic education using effective teaching and learning approaches that match their level of cognitive maturity.\u201dThe AEP Working Group details 10 principles for the delivery of accelerated education, as well as key action points, key definitions, essential information, examples and case studies, and indications of challenges and other points to consider.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR goal aeps provide learner equivalent certified competency basic education using effective teaching learning approach match level cognitive maturity. \u201d aep working group detail 10 principle delivery accelerated education well key action point key definition essential information example case study indication challenge point consider ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.5 Access to education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Education is a critical component of enabling returning CAAFAG to successfully transition into normal civilian routines and helps to prepare them for future opportunities. The higher a child\u2019s level of education, the more likely his\/her reintegration is to succeed. DDR processes for children shall therefore support children to try to reach (or recover) as high a level of education as possible, often starting with basic literacy.After a relatively long stay within armed forces or groups, or because of the difficulties they previously experienced in school, children may not be able to adapt to traditional teaching methods. For these situations, schooling programmes should be developed in consultation with the ministry of education that are specifically designed for such children, and that achieve the same results as other formal educational programmes. To better support children who are struggling, teachers should receive specific training. This may include training in recognizing signs of emotional stress, managing problematic behaviour and developing effective pupil-parent relations.Accelerated Education Programmes (AEPs) and other remedial schooling programmes for children who have been out of school for long periods can provide vital catch-up education. An AEP is \u201ca flexible, age-appropriate programme, run in an accelerated timeframe, which aims to provide access to education for disadvantaged, over-age, out-of-school children and youth. This may include those who missed out on or had their education disrupted due to poverty, marginalization, conflict and crisis. The goal of AEPs is to provide learners with equivalent, certified competencies for basic education using effective teaching and learning approaches that match their level of cognitive maturity.\u201dThe AEP Working Group details 10 principles for the delivery of accelerated education, as well as key action points, key definitions, essential information, examples and case studies, and indications of challenges and other points to consider. These principles shall be followed by any programme engaging in AEPs.DDR processes for children can further support the education of demobilized CAAFAG through various other means including AEP teacher training; capacity-building of a country training team; provision of teaching and learning materials; provision of school furniture; payment of incentives to AEP teachers; payment of registration and examination fees; and the renovation and rehabilitation of schools, including sanitation facilities. Moreover, modalities should be developed that enable part-time study if this is desirable, and other assistance should be provided to boost attendance (e.g., food, childcare facilities for girl mothers).The aim, wherever possible, should be to integrate returning children into existing education systems. Supporting these systems provides a benefit for the entire community and can help to ease reintegration of CAAFAG. However, even with the assistance of such programmes, some children may not be able to return to the regular school system. In such cases, programmes should be designed to include vocational training activities (skills training and apprenticeships) that are suited to local conditions and markets, and in line with national legislation on minimum working age and working conditions, (see section 7.9.5).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1113, "Sentence":"These principles shall be followed by any programme engaging in AEPs.DDR processes for children can further support the education of demobilized CAAFAG through various other means including AEP teacher training; capacity-building of a country training team; provision of teaching and learning materials; provision of school furniture; payment of incentives to AEP teachers; payment of registration and examination fees; and the renovation and rehabilitation of schools, including sanitation facilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR principle shall followed programme engaging aeps.ddr process child support education demobilized caafag various mean including aep teacher training capacitybuilding country training team provision teaching learning material provision school furniture payment incentive aep teacher payment registration examination fee renovation rehabilitation school including sanitation facility ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.5 Access to education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Education is a critical component of enabling returning CAAFAG to successfully transition into normal civilian routines and helps to prepare them for future opportunities. The higher a child\u2019s level of education, the more likely his\/her reintegration is to succeed. DDR processes for children shall therefore support children to try to reach (or recover) as high a level of education as possible, often starting with basic literacy.After a relatively long stay within armed forces or groups, or because of the difficulties they previously experienced in school, children may not be able to adapt to traditional teaching methods. For these situations, schooling programmes should be developed in consultation with the ministry of education that are specifically designed for such children, and that achieve the same results as other formal educational programmes. To better support children who are struggling, teachers should receive specific training. This may include training in recognizing signs of emotional stress, managing problematic behaviour and developing effective pupil-parent relations.Accelerated Education Programmes (AEPs) and other remedial schooling programmes for children who have been out of school for long periods can provide vital catch-up education. An AEP is \u201ca flexible, age-appropriate programme, run in an accelerated timeframe, which aims to provide access to education for disadvantaged, over-age, out-of-school children and youth. This may include those who missed out on or had their education disrupted due to poverty, marginalization, conflict and crisis. The goal of AEPs is to provide learners with equivalent, certified competencies for basic education using effective teaching and learning approaches that match their level of cognitive maturity.\u201dThe AEP Working Group details 10 principles for the delivery of accelerated education, as well as key action points, key definitions, essential information, examples and case studies, and indications of challenges and other points to consider. These principles shall be followed by any programme engaging in AEPs.DDR processes for children can further support the education of demobilized CAAFAG through various other means including AEP teacher training; capacity-building of a country training team; provision of teaching and learning materials; provision of school furniture; payment of incentives to AEP teachers; payment of registration and examination fees; and the renovation and rehabilitation of schools, including sanitation facilities. Moreover, modalities should be developed that enable part-time study if this is desirable, and other assistance should be provided to boost attendance (e.g., food, childcare facilities for girl mothers).The aim, wherever possible, should be to integrate returning children into existing education systems. Supporting these systems provides a benefit for the entire community and can help to ease reintegration of CAAFAG. However, even with the assistance of such programmes, some children may not be able to return to the regular school system. In such cases, programmes should be designed to include vocational training activities (skills training and apprenticeships) that are suited to local conditions and markets, and in line with national legislation on minimum working age and working conditions, (see section 7.9.5).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1113, "Sentence":"Moreover, modalities should be developed that enable part-time study if this is desirable, and other assistance should be provided to boost attendance (e.g., food, childcare facilities for girl mothers).The aim, wherever possible, should be to integrate returning children into existing education systems.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR moreover modality developed enable parttime study desirable assistance provided boost attendance e.g . food childcare facility girl mothers.the aim wherever possible integrate returning child existing education system ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.5 Access to education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Education is a critical component of enabling returning CAAFAG to successfully transition into normal civilian routines and helps to prepare them for future opportunities. The higher a child\u2019s level of education, the more likely his\/her reintegration is to succeed. DDR processes for children shall therefore support children to try to reach (or recover) as high a level of education as possible, often starting with basic literacy.After a relatively long stay within armed forces or groups, or because of the difficulties they previously experienced in school, children may not be able to adapt to traditional teaching methods. For these situations, schooling programmes should be developed in consultation with the ministry of education that are specifically designed for such children, and that achieve the same results as other formal educational programmes. To better support children who are struggling, teachers should receive specific training. This may include training in recognizing signs of emotional stress, managing problematic behaviour and developing effective pupil-parent relations.Accelerated Education Programmes (AEPs) and other remedial schooling programmes for children who have been out of school for long periods can provide vital catch-up education. An AEP is \u201ca flexible, age-appropriate programme, run in an accelerated timeframe, which aims to provide access to education for disadvantaged, over-age, out-of-school children and youth. This may include those who missed out on or had their education disrupted due to poverty, marginalization, conflict and crisis. The goal of AEPs is to provide learners with equivalent, certified competencies for basic education using effective teaching and learning approaches that match their level of cognitive maturity.\u201dThe AEP Working Group details 10 principles for the delivery of accelerated education, as well as key action points, key definitions, essential information, examples and case studies, and indications of challenges and other points to consider. These principles shall be followed by any programme engaging in AEPs.DDR processes for children can further support the education of demobilized CAAFAG through various other means including AEP teacher training; capacity-building of a country training team; provision of teaching and learning materials; provision of school furniture; payment of incentives to AEP teachers; payment of registration and examination fees; and the renovation and rehabilitation of schools, including sanitation facilities. Moreover, modalities should be developed that enable part-time study if this is desirable, and other assistance should be provided to boost attendance (e.g., food, childcare facilities for girl mothers).The aim, wherever possible, should be to integrate returning children into existing education systems. Supporting these systems provides a benefit for the entire community and can help to ease reintegration of CAAFAG. However, even with the assistance of such programmes, some children may not be able to return to the regular school system. In such cases, programmes should be designed to include vocational training activities (skills training and apprenticeships) that are suited to local conditions and markets, and in line with national legislation on minimum working age and working conditions, (see section 7.9.5).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1113, "Sentence":"Supporting these systems provides a benefit for the entire community and can help to ease reintegration of CAAFAG.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR supporting system provides benefit entire community help ease reintegration caafag ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.5 Access to education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Education is a critical component of enabling returning CAAFAG to successfully transition into normal civilian routines and helps to prepare them for future opportunities. The higher a child\u2019s level of education, the more likely his\/her reintegration is to succeed. DDR processes for children shall therefore support children to try to reach (or recover) as high a level of education as possible, often starting with basic literacy.After a relatively long stay within armed forces or groups, or because of the difficulties they previously experienced in school, children may not be able to adapt to traditional teaching methods. For these situations, schooling programmes should be developed in consultation with the ministry of education that are specifically designed for such children, and that achieve the same results as other formal educational programmes. To better support children who are struggling, teachers should receive specific training. This may include training in recognizing signs of emotional stress, managing problematic behaviour and developing effective pupil-parent relations.Accelerated Education Programmes (AEPs) and other remedial schooling programmes for children who have been out of school for long periods can provide vital catch-up education. An AEP is \u201ca flexible, age-appropriate programme, run in an accelerated timeframe, which aims to provide access to education for disadvantaged, over-age, out-of-school children and youth. This may include those who missed out on or had their education disrupted due to poverty, marginalization, conflict and crisis. The goal of AEPs is to provide learners with equivalent, certified competencies for basic education using effective teaching and learning approaches that match their level of cognitive maturity.\u201dThe AEP Working Group details 10 principles for the delivery of accelerated education, as well as key action points, key definitions, essential information, examples and case studies, and indications of challenges and other points to consider. These principles shall be followed by any programme engaging in AEPs.DDR processes for children can further support the education of demobilized CAAFAG through various other means including AEP teacher training; capacity-building of a country training team; provision of teaching and learning materials; provision of school furniture; payment of incentives to AEP teachers; payment of registration and examination fees; and the renovation and rehabilitation of schools, including sanitation facilities. Moreover, modalities should be developed that enable part-time study if this is desirable, and other assistance should be provided to boost attendance (e.g., food, childcare facilities for girl mothers).The aim, wherever possible, should be to integrate returning children into existing education systems. Supporting these systems provides a benefit for the entire community and can help to ease reintegration of CAAFAG. However, even with the assistance of such programmes, some children may not be able to return to the regular school system. In such cases, programmes should be designed to include vocational training activities (skills training and apprenticeships) that are suited to local conditions and markets, and in line with national legislation on minimum working age and working conditions, (see section 7.9.5).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1113, "Sentence":"However, even with the assistance of such programmes, some children may not be able to return to the regular school system.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR however even assistance programme child may able return regular school system ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.5 Access to education", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Education is a critical component of enabling returning CAAFAG to successfully transition into normal civilian routines and helps to prepare them for future opportunities. The higher a child\u2019s level of education, the more likely his\/her reintegration is to succeed. DDR processes for children shall therefore support children to try to reach (or recover) as high a level of education as possible, often starting with basic literacy.After a relatively long stay within armed forces or groups, or because of the difficulties they previously experienced in school, children may not be able to adapt to traditional teaching methods. For these situations, schooling programmes should be developed in consultation with the ministry of education that are specifically designed for such children, and that achieve the same results as other formal educational programmes. To better support children who are struggling, teachers should receive specific training. This may include training in recognizing signs of emotional stress, managing problematic behaviour and developing effective pupil-parent relations.Accelerated Education Programmes (AEPs) and other remedial schooling programmes for children who have been out of school for long periods can provide vital catch-up education. An AEP is \u201ca flexible, age-appropriate programme, run in an accelerated timeframe, which aims to provide access to education for disadvantaged, over-age, out-of-school children and youth. This may include those who missed out on or had their education disrupted due to poverty, marginalization, conflict and crisis. The goal of AEPs is to provide learners with equivalent, certified competencies for basic education using effective teaching and learning approaches that match their level of cognitive maturity.\u201dThe AEP Working Group details 10 principles for the delivery of accelerated education, as well as key action points, key definitions, essential information, examples and case studies, and indications of challenges and other points to consider. These principles shall be followed by any programme engaging in AEPs.DDR processes for children can further support the education of demobilized CAAFAG through various other means including AEP teacher training; capacity-building of a country training team; provision of teaching and learning materials; provision of school furniture; payment of incentives to AEP teachers; payment of registration and examination fees; and the renovation and rehabilitation of schools, including sanitation facilities. Moreover, modalities should be developed that enable part-time study if this is desirable, and other assistance should be provided to boost attendance (e.g., food, childcare facilities for girl mothers).The aim, wherever possible, should be to integrate returning children into existing education systems. Supporting these systems provides a benefit for the entire community and can help to ease reintegration of CAAFAG. However, even with the assistance of such programmes, some children may not be able to return to the regular school system. In such cases, programmes should be designed to include vocational training activities (skills training and apprenticeships) that are suited to local conditions and markets, and in line with national legislation on minimum working age and working conditions, (see section 7.9.5).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1113, "Sentence":"In such cases, programmes should be designed to include vocational training activities (skills training and apprenticeships) that are suited to local conditions and markets, and in line with national legislation on minimum working age and working conditions, (see section 7.9.5).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR case programme designed include vocational training activity skill training apprenticeship suited local condition market line national legislation minimum working age working condition see section 7.9.5 ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.6 Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Life skills are those abilities that help to promote psychological well-being and competence in children as they face the realities of life. These are the ten core life skill strategies and techniques: \\n problem-solving; \\n critical thinking; \\n effective communication skills; \\n agency and decision-making; \\n creative thinking; \\n interpersonal relationship skills; \\n self-awareness building skills; \\n empathy; \\n coping with stress; and \\n emotions.Programmes aimed at developing life skills can, among other effects, lessen violent behaviour and increase prosocial behaviour. They can also increase children\u2019s ability to plan ahead and choose effective solutions to problems. CAAFAG often lose the opportunity to develop life skills during armed conflict, and this can adversely affect their reintegration. For this reason, DDR processes for children should explicitly focus on the development of such skills. Life skills training can be integrated into other parts of the reintegration process, such as education or health initiatives, or can be developed as a stand-alone initiative if the need is identified during demobilization. The inclusion of all conflict-affected children within a community in such initiatives will have greater impact than focusing solely on CAAFAG.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1114, "Sentence":"Life skills are those abilities that help to promote psychological well-being and competence in children as they face the realities of life.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR life skill ability help promote psychological wellbeing competence child face reality life ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.6 Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Life skills are those abilities that help to promote psychological well-being and competence in children as they face the realities of life. These are the ten core life skill strategies and techniques: \\n problem-solving; \\n critical thinking; \\n effective communication skills; \\n agency and decision-making; \\n creative thinking; \\n interpersonal relationship skills; \\n self-awareness building skills; \\n empathy; \\n coping with stress; and \\n emotions.Programmes aimed at developing life skills can, among other effects, lessen violent behaviour and increase prosocial behaviour. They can also increase children\u2019s ability to plan ahead and choose effective solutions to problems. CAAFAG often lose the opportunity to develop life skills during armed conflict, and this can adversely affect their reintegration. For this reason, DDR processes for children should explicitly focus on the development of such skills. Life skills training can be integrated into other parts of the reintegration process, such as education or health initiatives, or can be developed as a stand-alone initiative if the need is identified during demobilization. The inclusion of all conflict-affected children within a community in such initiatives will have greater impact than focusing solely on CAAFAG.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1114, "Sentence":"These are the ten core life skill strategies and techniques: \\n problem-solving; \\n critical thinking; \\n effective communication skills; \\n agency and decision-making; \\n creative thinking; \\n interpersonal relationship skills; \\n self-awareness building skills; \\n empathy; \\n coping with stress; and \\n emotions.Programmes aimed at developing life skills can, among other effects, lessen violent behaviour and increase prosocial behaviour.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ten core life skill strategy technique n problemsolving n critical thinking n effective communication skill n agency decisionmaking n creative thinking n interpersonal relationship skill n selfawareness building skill n empathy n coping stress n emotions.programmes aimed developing life skill among effect lessen violent behaviour increase prosocial behaviour ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.6 Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Life skills are those abilities that help to promote psychological well-being and competence in children as they face the realities of life. These are the ten core life skill strategies and techniques: \\n problem-solving; \\n critical thinking; \\n effective communication skills; \\n agency and decision-making; \\n creative thinking; \\n interpersonal relationship skills; \\n self-awareness building skills; \\n empathy; \\n coping with stress; and \\n emotions.Programmes aimed at developing life skills can, among other effects, lessen violent behaviour and increase prosocial behaviour. They can also increase children\u2019s ability to plan ahead and choose effective solutions to problems. CAAFAG often lose the opportunity to develop life skills during armed conflict, and this can adversely affect their reintegration. For this reason, DDR processes for children should explicitly focus on the development of such skills. Life skills training can be integrated into other parts of the reintegration process, such as education or health initiatives, or can be developed as a stand-alone initiative if the need is identified during demobilization. The inclusion of all conflict-affected children within a community in such initiatives will have greater impact than focusing solely on CAAFAG.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1114, "Sentence":"They can also increase children\u2019s ability to plan ahead and choose effective solutions to problems.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR also increase child \u2019 ability plan ahead choose effective solution problem ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.6 Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Life skills are those abilities that help to promote psychological well-being and competence in children as they face the realities of life. These are the ten core life skill strategies and techniques: \\n problem-solving; \\n critical thinking; \\n effective communication skills; \\n agency and decision-making; \\n creative thinking; \\n interpersonal relationship skills; \\n self-awareness building skills; \\n empathy; \\n coping with stress; and \\n emotions.Programmes aimed at developing life skills can, among other effects, lessen violent behaviour and increase prosocial behaviour. They can also increase children\u2019s ability to plan ahead and choose effective solutions to problems. CAAFAG often lose the opportunity to develop life skills during armed conflict, and this can adversely affect their reintegration. For this reason, DDR processes for children should explicitly focus on the development of such skills. Life skills training can be integrated into other parts of the reintegration process, such as education or health initiatives, or can be developed as a stand-alone initiative if the need is identified during demobilization. The inclusion of all conflict-affected children within a community in such initiatives will have greater impact than focusing solely on CAAFAG.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1114, "Sentence":"CAAFAG often lose the opportunity to develop life skills during armed conflict, and this can adversely affect their reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR caafag often lose opportunity develop life skill armed conflict adversely affect reintegration ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.6 Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Life skills are those abilities that help to promote psychological well-being and competence in children as they face the realities of life. These are the ten core life skill strategies and techniques: \\n problem-solving; \\n critical thinking; \\n effective communication skills; \\n agency and decision-making; \\n creative thinking; \\n interpersonal relationship skills; \\n self-awareness building skills; \\n empathy; \\n coping with stress; and \\n emotions.Programmes aimed at developing life skills can, among other effects, lessen violent behaviour and increase prosocial behaviour. They can also increase children\u2019s ability to plan ahead and choose effective solutions to problems. CAAFAG often lose the opportunity to develop life skills during armed conflict, and this can adversely affect their reintegration. For this reason, DDR processes for children should explicitly focus on the development of such skills. Life skills training can be integrated into other parts of the reintegration process, such as education or health initiatives, or can be developed as a stand-alone initiative if the need is identified during demobilization. The inclusion of all conflict-affected children within a community in such initiatives will have greater impact than focusing solely on CAAFAG.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1114, "Sentence":"For this reason, DDR processes for children should explicitly focus on the development of such skills.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR reason ddr process child explicitly focus development skill ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.6 Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Life skills are those abilities that help to promote psychological well-being and competence in children as they face the realities of life. These are the ten core life skill strategies and techniques: \\n problem-solving; \\n critical thinking; \\n effective communication skills; \\n agency and decision-making; \\n creative thinking; \\n interpersonal relationship skills; \\n self-awareness building skills; \\n empathy; \\n coping with stress; and \\n emotions.Programmes aimed at developing life skills can, among other effects, lessen violent behaviour and increase prosocial behaviour. They can also increase children\u2019s ability to plan ahead and choose effective solutions to problems. CAAFAG often lose the opportunity to develop life skills during armed conflict, and this can adversely affect their reintegration. For this reason, DDR processes for children should explicitly focus on the development of such skills. Life skills training can be integrated into other parts of the reintegration process, such as education or health initiatives, or can be developed as a stand-alone initiative if the need is identified during demobilization. The inclusion of all conflict-affected children within a community in such initiatives will have greater impact than focusing solely on CAAFAG.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1114, "Sentence":"Life skills training can be integrated into other parts of the reintegration process, such as education or health initiatives, or can be developed as a stand-alone initiative if the need is identified during demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR life skill training integrated part reintegration process education health initiative developed standalone initiative need identified demobilization ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.6 Life skills", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Life skills are those abilities that help to promote psychological well-being and competence in children as they face the realities of life. These are the ten core life skill strategies and techniques: \\n problem-solving; \\n critical thinking; \\n effective communication skills; \\n agency and decision-making; \\n creative thinking; \\n interpersonal relationship skills; \\n self-awareness building skills; \\n empathy; \\n coping with stress; and \\n emotions.Programmes aimed at developing life skills can, among other effects, lessen violent behaviour and increase prosocial behaviour. They can also increase children\u2019s ability to plan ahead and choose effective solutions to problems. CAAFAG often lose the opportunity to develop life skills during armed conflict, and this can adversely affect their reintegration. For this reason, DDR processes for children should explicitly focus on the development of such skills. Life skills training can be integrated into other parts of the reintegration process, such as education or health initiatives, or can be developed as a stand-alone initiative if the need is identified during demobilization. The inclusion of all conflict-affected children within a community in such initiatives will have greater impact than focusing solely on CAAFAG.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1114, "Sentence":"The inclusion of all conflict-affected children within a community in such initiatives will have greater impact than focusing solely on CAAFAG.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR inclusion conflictaffected child within community initiative greater impact focusing solely caafag ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.7 Vocational training and livelihood development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child. There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands. This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group. A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate). More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration. \\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided. \\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community. Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money. \\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience. \\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence. \\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships. \\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives. \\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education. For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work. Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work. Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles. Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do. Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1115, "Sentence":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR vocational training opportunity child shall realistic term local economy support shall also reflect wish child ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.7 Vocational training and livelihood development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child. There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands. This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group. A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate). More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration. \\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided. \\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community. Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money. \\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience. \\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence. \\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships. \\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives. \\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education. For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work. Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work. Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles. Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do. Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1115, "Sentence":"There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR made available wide range training option possible consistent local market condition help child adapt successfully civilian life market demand ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.7 Vocational training and livelihood development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child. There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands. This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group. A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate). More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration. \\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided. \\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community. Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money. \\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience. \\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence. \\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships. \\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives. \\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education. For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work. Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work. Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles. Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do. Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1115, "Sentence":"This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR training may build skill competency learned child associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.7 Vocational training and livelihood development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child. There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands. This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group. A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate). More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration. \\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided. \\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community. Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money. \\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience. \\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence. \\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships. \\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives. \\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education. For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work. Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work. Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles. Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do. Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1115, "Sentence":"A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR choice training option beyond traditional area promoted provision support girl including financial childcare support appropriate ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.7 Vocational training and livelihood development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child. There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands. This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group. A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate). More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration. \\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided. \\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community. Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money. \\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience. \\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence. \\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships. \\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives. \\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education. For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work. Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work. Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles. Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do. Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1115, "Sentence":"More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR specifically vocational skill training may include n analysis livelihood system agriculture market opportunity household economy develop economically relevant training alternative form education opportunity economic reintegration ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.7 Vocational training and livelihood development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child. There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands. This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group. A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate). More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration. \\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided. \\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community. Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money. \\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience. \\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence. \\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships. \\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives. \\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education. For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work. Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work. Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles. Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do. Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1115, "Sentence":"\\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n coordination stakeholder improve lesson learned development joint programme appropriate referral measure avoid inconsistency benefit provided ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.7 Vocational training and livelihood development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child. There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands. This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group. A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate). More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration. \\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided. \\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community. Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money. \\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience. \\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence. \\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships. \\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives. \\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education. For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work. Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work. Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles. Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do. Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1115, "Sentence":"\\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n community consultation develop collective initiative benefiting community ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.7 Vocational training and livelihood development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child. There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands. This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group. A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate). More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration. \\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided. \\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community. Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money. \\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience. \\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence. \\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships. \\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives. \\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education. For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work. Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work. Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles. Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do. Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1115, "Sentence":"Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR business skill training prepare child keep account handle money ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.7 Vocational training and livelihood development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child. There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands. This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group. A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate). More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration. \\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided. \\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community. Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money. \\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience. \\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence. \\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships. \\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives. \\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education. For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work. Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work. Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles. Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do. Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1115, "Sentence":"\\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n apprenticeship onthejob training previous work experience ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.7 Vocational training and livelihood development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child. There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands. This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group. A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate). More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration. \\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided. \\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community. Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money. \\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience. \\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence. \\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships. \\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives. \\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education. For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work. Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work. Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles. Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do. Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1115, "Sentence":"\\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n life skill training including basic social norm civic education parenting skill right work home prevention hiv\/aids education counter interpersonal violence ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.7 Vocational training and livelihood development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child. There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands. This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group. A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate). More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration. \\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided. \\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community. Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money. \\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience. \\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence. \\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships. \\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives. \\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education. For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work. Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work. Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles. Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do. Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1115, "Sentence":"\\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n incorporation gendertransformative approach ensure sensitivity particular challenge faced girl increase awareness girl boy challenge faced gender foster positive gender relationship ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.7 Vocational training and livelihood development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child. There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands. This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group. A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate). More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration. \\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided. \\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community. Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money. \\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience. \\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence. \\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships. \\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives. \\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education. For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work. Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work. Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles. Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do. Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1115, "Sentence":"\\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n development skill nonviolent conflict resolution anger management help caafag everyday life ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.7 Vocational training and livelihood development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child. There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands. This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group. A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate). More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration. \\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided. \\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community. Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money. \\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience. \\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence. \\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships. \\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives. \\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education. For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work. Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work. Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles. Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do. Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1115, "Sentence":"\\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n provision childcare necessary flexible training schedule girl mothers.some child need start earning living immediately return family community helped earn income receive benefit obtain training and\/or education ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.7 Vocational training and livelihood development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child. There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands. This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group. A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate). More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration. \\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided. \\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community. Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money. \\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience. \\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence. \\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships. \\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives. \\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education. For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work. Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work. Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles. Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do. Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1115, "Sentence":"For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR example sale thing made animal reared training may facilitate purchase tool equipment needed future work ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.7 Vocational training and livelihood development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child. There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands. This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group. A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate). More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration. \\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided. \\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community. Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money. \\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience. \\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence. \\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships. \\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives. \\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education. For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work. Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work. Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles. Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do. Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1115, "Sentence":"Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR boy girl particularly legal working age benefit adapted version socioeconomic support programme designed demobilized adult see iddrs 4.30 reintegration ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.7 Vocational training and livelihood development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child. There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands. This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group. A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate). More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration. \\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided. \\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community. Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money. \\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience. \\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence. \\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships. \\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives. \\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education. For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work. Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work. Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles. Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do. Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1115, "Sentence":"However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR however incomegenerating activity child line national international law child labour including ilo convention 138 minimum age work ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.7 Vocational training and livelihood development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child. There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands. This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group. A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate). More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration. \\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided. \\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community. Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money. \\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience. \\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence. \\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships. \\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives. \\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education. For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work. Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work. Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles. Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do. Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1115, "Sentence":"Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR livelihood option girl based traditionally assigned gender role ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.7 Vocational training and livelihood development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child. There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands. This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group. A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate). More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration. \\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided. \\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community. Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money. \\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience. \\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence. \\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships. \\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives. \\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education. For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work. Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work. Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles. Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do. Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1115, "Sentence":"Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR instead focus girl want ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.7 Vocational training and livelihood development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Vocational training opportunities for children shall be realistic in terms of what the local economy can support and shall also reflect the wishes of the child. There should be made available as wide a range of training options as possible, consistent with local market conditions, to help children adapt successfully to civilian life and to what the market demands. This training may build on skills and competencies learned when the child was associated with an armed force or group. A choice of training options beyond traditional areas should be promoted, as should the provision of support to girls (including financial and childcare support, where appropriate). More specifically, vocational and skills training may include: \\n Analysis of livelihood systems, agriculture, market opportunities, and household economies to develop economically relevant training, alternative forms of education and opportunities for economic reintegration. \\n Coordination between stakeholders to improve lessons learned, development of joint programmes, appropriate referrals and measures to avoid inconsistencies in the benefits provided. \\n Community consultation to develop collective initiatives benefiting the community. Business skills training to prepare children to keep accounts and handle money. \\n Apprenticeships and on-the-job training for those with no previous work experience. \\n Life skills training, including basic social norms and civic education, parenting skills, rights at work and home, prevention of HIV\/AIDS, and education to counter interpersonal violence. \\n Incorporation of gender-transformative approaches to ensure sensitivity to the particular challenges faced by girls, increase awareness in both girls and boys of the challenges faced by the other gender, and foster positive gender relationships. \\n Development of skills in non-violent conflict resolution and anger management to help CAAFAG in their everyday lives. \\n Provision of childcare and, if necessary, flexible training schedules for girl mothers.Some children need to start earning a living immediately after they return to their family and community and should be helped to earn an income or receive benefits while they obtain training and\/or an education. For example, the sale of things they have made, or animals reared during their training may facilitate the purchase of tools or other equipment that are needed for future work. Boys and girls, particularly those of legal working age, should benefit from an adapted version of socioeconomic support programmes designed for demobilized adults (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). However, income-generating activities for children should be in line with national and international laws on child labour, including ILO convention 138 on minimum age of work. Livelihood options for girls should not be based on traditionally assigned gender roles. Instead, the focus should be on what girls want to do. Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1115, "Sentence":"Linkages to the local business, trades and agricultural communities should be sought and can aid in employment, small business mentoring and ongoing analysis of market needs.12", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR linkage local business trade agricultural community sought aid employment small business mentoring ongoing analysis market needs.12" }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR part planning implementing childsensitive approach ddrrelated intervention caafag provided social protection assistance reduce vulnerability poverty deprivation promote social inclusion child protection strengthen family community resilience ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":"This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR may include n multipurpose cash grant ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":"\\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n commodity e.g . food rent value voucher ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":"\\n Family and child allowances.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n family child allowance ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":"\\n Disability social pensions and benefits.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n disability social pension benefit ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":"\\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n transfer exchange parent working cash work ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":"\\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n transfer exchange attending health checkup family member ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":"\\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n business recovery startup grant older child parent caafag subject condition e.g . business management training business plan development etc ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":"); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n scholarship benefit restricted certain area e.g . school fee school supply etc ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":").To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR .to ensure assistance childsensitive must governed number guiding principle n assistance must designed child \u2019 best interest mind necessary safeguard place cash material assistance create incentive push\/pull factor recruitment child community rerecruitment child draw attention child ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":"\\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n assistance must based finding situation analysis risk assessment see section 6.1 6.2 ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":"\\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n assistance shall targeted towards vulnerable caafag example girl mother person disability separated unaccompanied minor family ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":"\\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n assistance shall predictable allowing household plan manage risk invest diverse activity ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":"\\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n mixed delivery approach individual community considered appropriate strengthen conflict sensitivity ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":"\\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n communitybased approach promoted likely reduce resentment increase community acceptance returning caafag result local economic benefit strengthen social reintegration outcome ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":"\\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n focus given assistance multisectoral e.g . health education water sanitation protection multiplier impact ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":"\\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n condition placed community grant e.g . training awarenessraising activity investment communitylevel incomegenerating activity benefit child household engaged ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":"\\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n investment community structure promoted structure foster protective environment child e.g . communitybased child protection committee community early warning prevention system ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":"\\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n risk mitigation strategy shall developed implemented reduce risk abuse ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.8 Social protection assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"As part of planning and implementing a child-sensitive approach to DDR-related interventions, CAAFAG can be provided with social protection assistance to reduce vulnerability to poverty and deprivation, promote social inclusion and child protection, and strengthen family and community resilience. This may include: \\n Multipurpose cash grants. \\n Commodity (e.g., food or rent) or value vouchers. \\n Family and child allowances. \\n Disability social pensions and benefits. \\n Transfers in exchange for a parent working (cash for work). \\n Transfers in exchange for attending health check-ups (for all family members). \\n Business recovery or start-up grants (for older children or parents of CAAFAG) subject to conditions (e.g., business management training, business plan development, etc.); and \\n Scholarship benefits restricted to certain areas (e.g., school fees, school supplies, etc.).To ensure that assistance is child-sensitive, it must be governed by a number of guiding principles: \\n Assistance must be designed with the child\u2019s best interests in mind and necessary safeguards in place, so that cash or other material assistance does not create incentives or push\/pull factors to recruitment of children in the community or re-recruitment of the child and does not draw attention to the child. \\n Assistance must be based on findings from the situation analysis and risk assessments (see sections 6.1 and 6.2). \\n Assistance shall be targeted towards the most vulnerable CAAFAG (for example, girl mothers, persons with disabilities, and separated or unaccompanied minors) and their families. \\n Assistance shall be predictable, allowing households to plan, manage risk and invest in diverse activities. \\n Mixed delivery approaches (individual and community) should be considered, where appropriate, to strengthen conflict sensitivity. \\n Community-based approaches should be promoted when they are likely to reduce resentment, increase community acceptance of returning CAAFAG, result in local economic benefits and strengthen social reintegration outcomes. \\n Focus should be given to assistance that is multisectoral (e.g., health, education, water, sanitation and protection) and that has multiplier impacts. \\n Conditions should be placed on community grants (e.g., training, awareness-raising activities, investment in community-level income-generating activities and benefits for the children of the households engaged). \\n Investment in community structures should be promoted when these structures foster a protective environment for children (e.g., community-based child protection committees and community early warning prevention systems). \\n Risk mitigation strategies shall be developed and implemented to reduce the risk of abuse. For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1116, "Sentence":"For example, it should be ensured that distributors of assistance work in pairs, that post- distribution monitoring is carried out and that children are empowered to speak out about their rights.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR example ensured distributor assistance work pair post distribution monitoring carried child empowered speak right ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR recognized accepted respected heard community important part reintegration process ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR however complex issue child generally excluded community decisionmaking process ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child may also lack selfesteem skill necessary engage community affair usually reserved adult ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR reintegration support strive generate capacity participation civilian life.although political reintegration generally feature adult ddr process see iddrs 4.30 reintegration child also political right heard decision shape future ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR effort made ensure child \u2019 voice heard locallevel decisionmaking process affect ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR rightsbased issue also important way address grievance may led recruitment potential rerecruitment ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child nearing age majority voice decision making key factor reducing intergenerational conflict.caafag may face particular difficulty attaining role community due past association belong community excluded prior conflict ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR girl person disability people living hiv\/aids may also denied full participation community life ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR creation inclusive society issue bigger ddr ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR however reintegration process provides opportunity make initial investment endeavour potential intervention several areas.civic education n make transition military civilian life child need aware political right eventually responsibility ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR need understand good citizenship communication teamwork nonviolent conflict resolution method ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ultimately child \u2019 behaviour facilitate successful reintegration preparing child engage socially politically productive manner central process ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR activity prepare play socially useful role acknowledged community ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR special effort made include girl civic education training ensure aware right ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR however child forced participate activity used armed political group achieve specific political objective right free speech opinion privacy prioritized.ensure child participant ddr process voice local national recovery n ddr process aligned national plan strategy recovery design informed input participant ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR inclusion conflictaffected child caafag process enables child identify advocate specific measure importance regard youth recovery policy ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR specific attention given particularly vulnerable group may ordinarily marginalized.promote gender transformation agenda n effort strengthen agency girl go far addressing gender inequality ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR also important work relationship structure present contribute disempowerment ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR critical support voice representation girl within community enable full reintegration contribute eradication structural inequality influenced recruitment ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR working men boy address male gender role masculine norm promote violence required.build collective voice n inclusive programme see community child particularly affected conflict way participating programming alongside caafag ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR provides opportunity child youth coordinate advocate greater inclusion decisionmaking processes.create child \u2019 committee across various area reintegration programming n child opportunity put forward view individually collectively ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR provide mechanism substantively improve programme outcome thus ensure best interest child ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR also give greater voice vulnerable marginalized child community ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR step taken ensure girl especially girl mother included committees.encourage participation visibility programme beneficiary public event n greater participation visibility caafag well noncaafag increase opportunity child involved community process ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR community member community decision maker particular positive interaction caafag likely open space involvement community affair ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.9 Voice, participation and representation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"Being recognized, accepted, respected, and heard in the community is an important part of the reintegration process. However, this is a complex issue for children, as they are generally excluded from community decision-making processes. Children may also lack the self-esteem and skills necessary to engage in community affairs usually reserved for adults. Reintegration support should strive to generate capacities for such participation in civilian life.Although political reintegration is generally a feature of adult DDR processes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration), children also have political rights and should be heard in decisions that shape their future. Efforts should be made to ensure that children\u2019s voices are heard in local-level decision-making processes that affect them. Not only is this a rights-based issue, but it is also an important way to address some of the grievances that may have led to their recruitment (and potential re-recruitment). For children nearing the age of majority, having a voice in decision- making can be a key factor in reducing intergenerational conflict.CAAFAG may face particular difficulties attaining a role in their community due to their past associations or because they belong to communities that were excluded prior to the conflict. Girls, persons with disabilities, or people living with HIV\/AIDS may also be denied full participation in community life. The creation of inclusive societies is an issue bigger than DDR. However, the reintegration process provides an opportunity to make an initial investment in this endeavour through potential interventions in several areas.Civic education \\n To make the transition from military to civilian life, children need to be aware of their political rights and, eventually, responsibilities. They need to understand good citizenship, communication and teamwork, and non-violent conflict resolution methods. Ultimately, it is the child\u2019s behaviour that will facilitate successful reintegration, and preparing a child to engage socially and politically, in a productive manner, will be central to this process. Such activities can prepare them to play a socially useful role that is acknowledged by the community. Special efforts should be made to include girls in civic education training to ensure they are aware of their rights. However, children should not be forced to participate in any activities, nor used by armed or political groups to achieve specific political objectives, and their rights to free speech, opinion and privacy should be prioritized.Ensure child participants in DDR processes have a voice in local and national recovery \\n DDR processes should be aligned with national plans and strategies for recovery, the design of which should be informed by inputs from their participants. The inclusion of conflict-affected children and CAAFAG in these processes enables children to identify and advocate for specific measures of importance with regard to youth and recovery policies. Specific attention should be given to particularly vulnerable groups who may ordinarily be marginalized.Promote the gender transformation agenda \\n Efforts to strengthen the agency of girls will only go so far in addressing gender inequality. It is also important to work with the relationships and structures present that contribute to their (dis)empowerment. It is critical to support the voice and representation of girls within their communities to enable their full reintegration and to contribute to eradication of the structural inequalities that influenced their recruitment. Working with men and boys to address male gender roles and masculine norms that promote violence is required.Build a collective voice \\n An inclusive programme sees community children, particularly those affected by conflict in other ways, participating in programming alongside CAAFAG. This provides an opportunity for children and youth to coordinate and advocate for greater inclusion in decision-making processes.Create children\u2019s committees across the various areas of reintegration programming \\n Children should have the opportunity to put forward their views individually and collectively. Doing so will provide a mechanism to substantively improve programme outcomes and thus ensure the best interests of the child. It also gives greater voice to other vulnerable and marginalized children in the community. Steps should be taken to ensure that girls, and especially girl mothers, are included in these committees.Encourage the participation and visibility of programme beneficiaries in public events \\n Greater participation and visibility of CAAFAG as well as non-CAAFAG will increase the opportunities for children to be involved in community processes. As community members, and community decision makers in particular, have more positive interactions with CAAFAG, they are more likely to open up space for their involvement in community affairs. However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1117, "Sentence":"However, all participation shall be voluntary, and CAAFAG should not be pushed into visible roles unless they feel comfortable occupying them.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR however participation shall voluntary caafag pushed visible role unless feel comfortable occupying ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.10 Monitoring and follow-up", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential. It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved. The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed. Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place. Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required. Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team. More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities. Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children. Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being. Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children. Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children. The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme. Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years. Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children. Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community. They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children). Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting. Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems. This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1118, "Sentence":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR caafag returned family community monitoring followup essential ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.10 Monitoring and follow-up", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential. It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved. The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed. Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place. Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required. Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team. More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities. Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children. Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being. Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children. Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children. The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme. Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years. Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children. Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community. They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children). Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting. Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems. This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1118, "Sentence":"It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR requires careful planning adequate funding collaboration key governmental body un agency nongovernmental organizations.monitoring activity occur regular visit child \u2019 home school community including meeting family peer teacher community leader without creating stigma risk individual family involved ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.10 Monitoring and follow-up", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential. It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved. The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed. Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place. Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required. Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team. More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities. Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children. Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being. Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children. Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children. The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme. Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years. Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children. Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community. They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children). Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting. Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems. This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1118, "Sentence":"The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR living condition child quality his\/her relationship family member caregiver level reintegration community regularly assessed ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.10 Monitoring and follow-up", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential. It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved. The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed. Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place. Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required. Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team. More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities. Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children. Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being. Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children. Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children. The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme. Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years. Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children. Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community. They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children). Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting. Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems. This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1118, "Sentence":"Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR confidential accessible safe feedback mechanism allow child report concern place ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.10 Monitoring and follow-up", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential. It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved. The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed. Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place. Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required. Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team. More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities. Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children. Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being. Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children. Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children. The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme. Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years. Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children. Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community. They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children). Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting. Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems. This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1118, "Sentence":"Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR challenge identified facilitate problemsolving referral programme adaptation required ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.10 Monitoring and follow-up", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential. It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved. The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed. Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place. Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required. Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team. More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities. Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children. Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being. Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children. Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children. The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme. Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years. Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children. Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community. They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children). Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting. Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems. This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1118, "Sentence":"Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR success story also important generation positive lesson learned present opportunity replication area programmes.monitoring conducted dedicated monitoring evaluation learning team ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.10 Monitoring and follow-up", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential. It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved. The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed. Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place. Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required. Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team. More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities. Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children. Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being. Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children. Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children. The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme. Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years. Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children. Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community. They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children). Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting. Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems. This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1118, "Sentence":"More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR staff likely needed large number child reunited family monitoring visit support activity become labourintensive time consuming child dispersed central location scattered community ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.10 Monitoring and follow-up", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential. It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved. The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed. Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place. Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required. Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team. More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities. Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children. Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being. Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children. Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children. The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme. Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years. Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children. Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community. They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children). Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting. Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems. This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1118, "Sentence":"Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR communitybased child protection network community leader especially woman actively involved monitoring safety wellbeing reunited child assume increasing responsibility ongoing monitoring followup ensure smooth takeover work community.monitoring system developed use programmerelated data gathered demobilization including verification exercise child ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.10 Monitoring and follow-up", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential. It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved. The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed. Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place. Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required. Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team. More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities. Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children. Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being. Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children. Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children. The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme. Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years. Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children. Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community. They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children). Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting. Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems. This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1118, "Sentence":"Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR effective programme monitoring improves accountability recording information programme progress suitability selected approach impact support child \u2019 wellbeing ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.10 Monitoring and follow-up", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential. It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved. The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed. Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place. Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required. Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team. More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities. Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children. Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being. Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children. Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children. The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme. Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years. Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children. Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community. They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children). Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting. Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems. This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1118, "Sentence":"Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR monitoring conducted throughout programming inform programme adjustment including better reach particularly vulnerable group child girl disabled child ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.10 Monitoring and follow-up", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential. It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved. The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed. Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place. Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required. Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team. More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities. Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children. Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being. Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children. Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children. The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme. Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years. Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children. Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community. They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children). Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting. Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems. This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1118, "Sentence":"Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR close continuous monitoring situational level also essential context certainly change time issue relating child recruitment use verification release complex often unpredictable.followup system established ensure postprogramme support reintegrating child ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.10 Monitoring and follow-up", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential. It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved. The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed. Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place. Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required. Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team. More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities. Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children. Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being. Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children. Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children. The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme. Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years. Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children. Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community. They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children). Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting. Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems. This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1118, "Sentence":"The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR reintegration process take time usually completed within period programme ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.10 Monitoring and follow-up", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential. It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved. The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed. Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place. Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required. Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team. More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities. Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children. Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being. Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children. Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children. The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme. Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years. Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children. Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community. They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children). Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting. Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems. This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1118, "Sentence":"Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR returning caafag remain vulnerable rerecruitment social exclusion poverty require ongoing support several year ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.10 Monitoring and follow-up", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential. It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved. The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed. Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place. Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required. Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team. More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities. Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children. Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being. Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children. Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children. The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme. Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years. Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children. Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community. They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children). Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting. Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems. This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1118, "Sentence":"Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR regular followup seen important element continuum care child ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.10 Monitoring and follow-up", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential. It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved. The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed. Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place. Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required. Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team. More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities. Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children. Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being. Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children. Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children. The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme. Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years. Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children. Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community. They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children). Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting. Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems. This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1118, "Sentence":"Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR therefore followup support critical effective exit strategy ensuring programme gain reintegration safeguarded.followup system developed close consultation child community ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.10 Monitoring and follow-up", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential. It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved. The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed. Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place. Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required. Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team. More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities. Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children. Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being. Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children. Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children. The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme. Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years. Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children. Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community. They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children). Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting. Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems. This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1118, "Sentence":"They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR focus especially vulnerable child e.g . girl mother reunited family severe psychosocial issue disabled child ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.10 Monitoring and follow-up", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential. It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved. The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed. Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place. Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required. Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team. More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities. Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children. Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being. Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children. Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children. The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme. Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years. Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children. Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community. They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children). Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting. Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems. This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1118, "Sentence":"Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR support measure informed disaggregated monitoring ensure accurate targeting ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.10 Monitoring and follow-up", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential. It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved. The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed. Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place. Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required. Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team. More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities. Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children. Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being. Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children. Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children. The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme. Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years. Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children. Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community. They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children). Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting. Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems. This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1118, "Sentence":"Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR follow system also communitybased linked national system ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.5 Reintegration", "Heading3":"8.5.10 Monitoring and follow-up", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"After CAAFAG have returned to their families and communities, monitoring and follow-up is essential. It requires careful planning, adequate funding and the collaboration of key governmental bodies, UN agencies and non-governmental organizations.Monitoring activities should occur through regular visits to children\u2019s homes, schools, and communities, including meetings with families, peers, teachers, and community leaders, without creating stigma or risk to the individuals and families involved. The living conditions of the child, the quality of his\/her relationship with family members and caregivers, and the level of reintegration in the community should be regularly assessed. Confidential, accessible, and safe feedback mechanisms that allow children to report any concerns should be in place. Challenges should be identified to facilitate problem-solving, referral or programme adaptation where required. Success stories are also important for the generation of positive lessons learned and to present opportunities for replication in other areas or programmes.Monitoring should be conducted by a dedicated monitoring, evaluation and learning team. More staff are likely to be needed when large numbers of children are reunited with their families, because monitoring visits and other support activities become more labour-intensive and time- consuming as children are dispersed from a few central locations to scattered communities. Community-based child protection networks and community leaders, especially women, should be actively involved in monitoring the safety and well-being of reunited children, and should assume increasing responsibility for ongoing monitoring and follow-up to ensure a smooth takeover of this work by the community.Monitoring systems should be developed to use programme-related data gathered during demobilization including verification exercises for children. Effective programme monitoring improves accountability by recording information on programme progress, suitability of selected approaches, and impact of support on children\u2019s well-being. Monitoring should be conducted throughout programming to inform programme adjustments, including how to better reach particularly vulnerable groups of children, such as girls or disabled children. Close, continuous monitoring at the situational level is also essential, as the context will certainly change over time as issues relating to child recruitment and use, verification and release are complex and often unpredictable.Follow-up systems should be established to ensure post-programme support for reintegrating children. The reintegration process takes time and will usually not be completed within the period of the programme. Returning CAAFAG remain vulnerable to re-recruitment, social exclusion and poverty and will require ongoing support for several years. Regular follow-up should be seen as an important element of the continuum of care for children. Therefore, follow-up support is critical to an effective exit strategy, ensuring that programme gains in reintegration are safeguarded.Follow-up systems should be developed in close consultation with children and the community. They should focus on especially vulnerable children (e.g., girl mothers, those not reunited with their family, those with severe psychosocial issues and disabled children). Support measures should be informed by disaggregated monitoring to ensure accurate targeting. Follow- up systems should also be community-based but linked to national systems. This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1118, "Sentence":"This can be achieved, for example, by supporting child well-being assessments.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR achieved example supporting child wellbeing assessment ." }, { "ID":64, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.6 Security sector reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"When DDR programmes are linked to security sector reform (SSR), the composition of the new national army may be tied to the number of members of each armed force and group (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR). Children are often included in these figures. Negotiations on SSR and force reduction must include the release of all children. CAAFAG shall not be included in troop numbers because the presence of children is illegal and including them may encourage more recruitment of children in the period before negotiations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1119, "Sentence":"When DDR programmes are linked to security sector reform (SSR), the composition of the new national army may be tied to the number of members of each armed force and group (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr programme linked security sector reform ssr composition new national army may tied number member armed force group see iddrs 6.10 ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":64, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.6 Security sector reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"When DDR programmes are linked to security sector reform (SSR), the composition of the new national army may be tied to the number of members of each armed force and group (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR). Children are often included in these figures. Negotiations on SSR and force reduction must include the release of all children. CAAFAG shall not be included in troop numbers because the presence of children is illegal and including them may encourage more recruitment of children in the period before negotiations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1119, "Sentence":"Children are often included in these figures.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child often included figure ." }, { "ID":64, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.6 Security sector reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"When DDR programmes are linked to security sector reform (SSR), the composition of the new national army may be tied to the number of members of each armed force and group (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR). Children are often included in these figures. Negotiations on SSR and force reduction must include the release of all children. CAAFAG shall not be included in troop numbers because the presence of children is illegal and including them may encourage more recruitment of children in the period before negotiations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1119, "Sentence":"Negotiations on SSR and force reduction must include the release of all children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR negotiation ssr force reduction must include release child ." }, { "ID":64, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Child-sensitive approaches to DDR", "Heading2":"8.6 Security sector reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"When DDR programmes are linked to security sector reform (SSR), the composition of the new national army may be tied to the number of members of each armed force and group (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR). Children are often included in these figures. Negotiations on SSR and force reduction must include the release of all children. CAAFAG shall not be included in troop numbers because the presence of children is illegal and including them may encourage more recruitment of children in the period before negotiations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1119, "Sentence":"CAAFAG shall not be included in troop numbers because the presence of children is illegal and including them may encourage more recruitment of children in the period before negotiations.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR caafag shall included troop number presence child illegal including may encourage recruitment child period negotiation ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Governments are bound by the CRC and guided by international standards and norms when dealing with children who are alleged to have, accused of having, or recognized as having infringed the penal law during the course of their association with an armed force or group. This is independent of the type of crime that is alleged to have been committed. In all cases, children shall be treated primarily as victims of human rights violations. Prosecution and judicial proceedings should only be used as a last resort, with emphasis instead on recovery and reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1120, "Sentence":"Governments are bound by the CRC and guided by international standards and norms when dealing with children who are alleged to have, accused of having, or recognized as having infringed the penal law during the course of their association with an armed force or group.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR government bound crc guided international standard norm dealing child alleged accused recognized infringed penal law course association armed force group ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Governments are bound by the CRC and guided by international standards and norms when dealing with children who are alleged to have, accused of having, or recognized as having infringed the penal law during the course of their association with an armed force or group. This is independent of the type of crime that is alleged to have been committed. In all cases, children shall be treated primarily as victims of human rights violations. Prosecution and judicial proceedings should only be used as a last resort, with emphasis instead on recovery and reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1120, "Sentence":"This is independent of the type of crime that is alleged to have been committed.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR independent type crime alleged committed ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Governments are bound by the CRC and guided by international standards and norms when dealing with children who are alleged to have, accused of having, or recognized as having infringed the penal law during the course of their association with an armed force or group. This is independent of the type of crime that is alleged to have been committed. In all cases, children shall be treated primarily as victims of human rights violations. Prosecution and judicial proceedings should only be used as a last resort, with emphasis instead on recovery and reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1120, "Sentence":"In all cases, children shall be treated primarily as victims of human rights violations.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR case child shall treated primarily victim human right violation ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Governments are bound by the CRC and guided by international standards and norms when dealing with children who are alleged to have, accused of having, or recognized as having infringed the penal law during the course of their association with an armed force or group. This is independent of the type of crime that is alleged to have been committed. In all cases, children shall be treated primarily as victims of human rights violations. Prosecution and judicial proceedings should only be used as a last resort, with emphasis instead on recovery and reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1120, "Sentence":"Prosecution and judicial proceedings should only be used as a last resort, with emphasis instead on recovery and reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR prosecution judicial proceeding used last resort emphasis instead recovery reintegration ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.1 Children as victims", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, any expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes such as incitement to discrimination, hostility, or violence, or to committing terrorist acts, should not constitute criminal offenses. Under the convention on the rights of the child (Article 2) States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to protect children against discrimination or punishment on the basis of the status, activities, expressed opinions, or beliefs of their parents, legal guardians, or family members. Thus, children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. As part of the investigation of cases involving a child victim or witness, child victims or witnesses, their parents or guardians, legal representatives or a designated support person, should be promptly and adequately informed of their rights, availability of services and protection measures, and procedures in relation to any adult and\/or juvenile justice processes, from their first contact with the justice process and throughout, to the extent feasible and consistent with the child\u2019s best interests.Any investigative action, including interviews with or examinations of the child, shall be conducted by professionals specially trained in dealing with children using a child-sensitive approach. All investigative actions shall be conducted in a suitable environment, in a language that the child uses and understands, and in the presence of the child\u2019s parent, legal guardian, legal representative, or designated support person.13To the extent possible, the repetition of interviews of child victims or witnesses should be minimized to prevent secondary victimization. The child\u2019s best interest and right to privacy must be considered in all actions (see also Section 6.3.1 Data Collection, and Section 9.5 Collecting testimonies from children).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1121, "Sentence":"Children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child victim recruitment use deprived liberty prosecuted punished threatened prosecution punishment solely membership armed force group consistent article 8.7 paris principle ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.1 Children as victims", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, any expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes such as incitement to discrimination, hostility, or violence, or to committing terrorist acts, should not constitute criminal offenses. Under the convention on the rights of the child (Article 2) States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to protect children against discrimination or punishment on the basis of the status, activities, expressed opinions, or beliefs of their parents, legal guardians, or family members. Thus, children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. As part of the investigation of cases involving a child victim or witness, child victims or witnesses, their parents or guardians, legal representatives or a designated support person, should be promptly and adequately informed of their rights, availability of services and protection measures, and procedures in relation to any adult and\/or juvenile justice processes, from their first contact with the justice process and throughout, to the extent feasible and consistent with the child\u2019s best interests.Any investigative action, including interviews with or examinations of the child, shall be conducted by professionals specially trained in dealing with children using a child-sensitive approach. All investigative actions shall be conducted in a suitable environment, in a language that the child uses and understands, and in the presence of the child\u2019s parent, legal guardian, legal representative, or designated support person.13To the extent possible, the repetition of interviews of child victims or witnesses should be minimized to prevent secondary victimization. The child\u2019s best interest and right to privacy must be considered in all actions (see also Section 6.3.1 Data Collection, and Section 9.5 Collecting testimonies from children).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1121, "Sentence":"National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR national law criminalize child association effectively criminalize child \u2019 status associated result adult \u2019 criminal conduct recruitment use violates human right child ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.1 Children as victims", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, any expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes such as incitement to discrimination, hostility, or violence, or to committing terrorist acts, should not constitute criminal offenses. Under the convention on the rights of the child (Article 2) States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to protect children against discrimination or punishment on the basis of the status, activities, expressed opinions, or beliefs of their parents, legal guardians, or family members. Thus, children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. As part of the investigation of cases involving a child victim or witness, child victims or witnesses, their parents or guardians, legal representatives or a designated support person, should be promptly and adequately informed of their rights, availability of services and protection measures, and procedures in relation to any adult and\/or juvenile justice processes, from their first contact with the justice process and throughout, to the extent feasible and consistent with the child\u2019s best interests.Any investigative action, including interviews with or examinations of the child, shall be conducted by professionals specially trained in dealing with children using a child-sensitive approach. All investigative actions shall be conducted in a suitable environment, in a language that the child uses and understands, and in the presence of the child\u2019s parent, legal guardian, legal representative, or designated support person.13To the extent possible, the repetition of interviews of child victims or witnesses should be minimized to prevent secondary victimization. The child\u2019s best interest and right to privacy must be considered in all actions (see also Section 6.3.1 Data Collection, and Section 9.5 Collecting testimonies from children).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1121, "Sentence":"Such laws should not apply to children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR law apply child ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.1 Children as victims", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, any expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes such as incitement to discrimination, hostility, or violence, or to committing terrorist acts, should not constitute criminal offenses. Under the convention on the rights of the child (Article 2) States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to protect children against discrimination or punishment on the basis of the status, activities, expressed opinions, or beliefs of their parents, legal guardians, or family members. Thus, children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. As part of the investigation of cases involving a child victim or witness, child victims or witnesses, their parents or guardians, legal representatives or a designated support person, should be promptly and adequately informed of their rights, availability of services and protection measures, and procedures in relation to any adult and\/or juvenile justice processes, from their first contact with the justice process and throughout, to the extent feasible and consistent with the child\u2019s best interests.Any investigative action, including interviews with or examinations of the child, shall be conducted by professionals specially trained in dealing with children using a child-sensitive approach. All investigative actions shall be conducted in a suitable environment, in a language that the child uses and understands, and in the presence of the child\u2019s parent, legal guardian, legal representative, or designated support person.13To the extent possible, the repetition of interviews of child victims or witnesses should be minimized to prevent secondary victimization. The child\u2019s best interest and right to privacy must be considered in all actions (see also Section 6.3.1 Data Collection, and Section 9.5 Collecting testimonies from children).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1121, "Sentence":"In addition, as for adults, any expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes such as incitement to discrimination, hostility, or violence, or to committing terrorist acts, should not constitute criminal offenses.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR addition adult expression support particular group act ideology rise level legally defined crime incitement discrimination hostility violence committing terrorist act constitute criminal offense ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.1 Children as victims", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, any expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes such as incitement to discrimination, hostility, or violence, or to committing terrorist acts, should not constitute criminal offenses. Under the convention on the rights of the child (Article 2) States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to protect children against discrimination or punishment on the basis of the status, activities, expressed opinions, or beliefs of their parents, legal guardians, or family members. Thus, children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. As part of the investigation of cases involving a child victim or witness, child victims or witnesses, their parents or guardians, legal representatives or a designated support person, should be promptly and adequately informed of their rights, availability of services and protection measures, and procedures in relation to any adult and\/or juvenile justice processes, from their first contact with the justice process and throughout, to the extent feasible and consistent with the child\u2019s best interests.Any investigative action, including interviews with or examinations of the child, shall be conducted by professionals specially trained in dealing with children using a child-sensitive approach. All investigative actions shall be conducted in a suitable environment, in a language that the child uses and understands, and in the presence of the child\u2019s parent, legal guardian, legal representative, or designated support person.13To the extent possible, the repetition of interviews of child victims or witnesses should be minimized to prevent secondary victimization. The child\u2019s best interest and right to privacy must be considered in all actions (see also Section 6.3.1 Data Collection, and Section 9.5 Collecting testimonies from children).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1121, "Sentence":"Under the convention on the rights of the child (Article 2) States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to protect children against discrimination or punishment on the basis of the status, activities, expressed opinions, or beliefs of their parents, legal guardians, or family members.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR convention right child article 2 state party shall take appropriate measure protect child discrimination punishment basis status activity expressed opinion belief parent legal guardian family member ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.1 Children as victims", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, any expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes such as incitement to discrimination, hostility, or violence, or to committing terrorist acts, should not constitute criminal offenses. Under the convention on the rights of the child (Article 2) States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to protect children against discrimination or punishment on the basis of the status, activities, expressed opinions, or beliefs of their parents, legal guardians, or family members. Thus, children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. As part of the investigation of cases involving a child victim or witness, child victims or witnesses, their parents or guardians, legal representatives or a designated support person, should be promptly and adequately informed of their rights, availability of services and protection measures, and procedures in relation to any adult and\/or juvenile justice processes, from their first contact with the justice process and throughout, to the extent feasible and consistent with the child\u2019s best interests.Any investigative action, including interviews with or examinations of the child, shall be conducted by professionals specially trained in dealing with children using a child-sensitive approach. All investigative actions shall be conducted in a suitable environment, in a language that the child uses and understands, and in the presence of the child\u2019s parent, legal guardian, legal representative, or designated support person.13To the extent possible, the repetition of interviews of child victims or witnesses should be minimized to prevent secondary victimization. The child\u2019s best interest and right to privacy must be considered in all actions (see also Section 6.3.1 Data Collection, and Section 9.5 Collecting testimonies from children).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1121, "Sentence":"Thus, children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR thus child interrogated suspect prosecuted due actual alleged affiliation family member ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.1 Children as victims", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, any expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes such as incitement to discrimination, hostility, or violence, or to committing terrorist acts, should not constitute criminal offenses. Under the convention on the rights of the child (Article 2) States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to protect children against discrimination or punishment on the basis of the status, activities, expressed opinions, or beliefs of their parents, legal guardians, or family members. Thus, children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. As part of the investigation of cases involving a child victim or witness, child victims or witnesses, their parents or guardians, legal representatives or a designated support person, should be promptly and adequately informed of their rights, availability of services and protection measures, and procedures in relation to any adult and\/or juvenile justice processes, from their first contact with the justice process and throughout, to the extent feasible and consistent with the child\u2019s best interests.Any investigative action, including interviews with or examinations of the child, shall be conducted by professionals specially trained in dealing with children using a child-sensitive approach. All investigative actions shall be conducted in a suitable environment, in a language that the child uses and understands, and in the presence of the child\u2019s parent, legal guardian, legal representative, or designated support person.13To the extent possible, the repetition of interviews of child victims or witnesses should be minimized to prevent secondary victimization. The child\u2019s best interest and right to privacy must be considered in all actions (see also Section 6.3.1 Data Collection, and Section 9.5 Collecting testimonies from children).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1121, "Sentence":"As part of the investigation of cases involving a child victim or witness, child victims or witnesses, their parents or guardians, legal representatives or a designated support person, should be promptly and adequately informed of their rights, availability of services and protection measures, and procedures in relation to any adult and\/or juvenile justice processes, from their first contact with the justice process and throughout, to the extent feasible and consistent with the child\u2019s best interests.Any investigative action, including interviews with or examinations of the child, shall be conducted by professionals specially trained in dealing with children using a child-sensitive approach.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR part investigation case involving child victim witness child victim witness parent guardian legal representative designated support person promptly adequately informed right availability service protection measure procedure relation adult and\/or juvenile justice process first contact justice process throughout extent feasible consistent child \u2019 best interests.any investigative action including interview examination child shall conducted professional specially trained dealing child using childsensitive approach ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.1 Children as victims", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, any expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes such as incitement to discrimination, hostility, or violence, or to committing terrorist acts, should not constitute criminal offenses. Under the convention on the rights of the child (Article 2) States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to protect children against discrimination or punishment on the basis of the status, activities, expressed opinions, or beliefs of their parents, legal guardians, or family members. Thus, children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. As part of the investigation of cases involving a child victim or witness, child victims or witnesses, their parents or guardians, legal representatives or a designated support person, should be promptly and adequately informed of their rights, availability of services and protection measures, and procedures in relation to any adult and\/or juvenile justice processes, from their first contact with the justice process and throughout, to the extent feasible and consistent with the child\u2019s best interests.Any investigative action, including interviews with or examinations of the child, shall be conducted by professionals specially trained in dealing with children using a child-sensitive approach. All investigative actions shall be conducted in a suitable environment, in a language that the child uses and understands, and in the presence of the child\u2019s parent, legal guardian, legal representative, or designated support person.13To the extent possible, the repetition of interviews of child victims or witnesses should be minimized to prevent secondary victimization. The child\u2019s best interest and right to privacy must be considered in all actions (see also Section 6.3.1 Data Collection, and Section 9.5 Collecting testimonies from children).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1121, "Sentence":"All investigative actions shall be conducted in a suitable environment, in a language that the child uses and understands, and in the presence of the child\u2019s parent, legal guardian, legal representative, or designated support person.13To the extent possible, the repetition of interviews of child victims or witnesses should be minimized to prevent secondary victimization.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR investigative action shall conducted suitable environment language child us understands presence child \u2019 parent legal guardian legal representative designated support person.13to extent possible repetition interview child victim witness minimized prevent secondary victimization ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.1 Children as victims", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Children, as victims of recruitment and use, should not be deprived of their liberty, prosecuted, punished or threatened with prosecution or punishment solely for their membership in armed forces or groups, consistent with Article 8.7 of the Paris Principles. National laws that criminalize child association effectively criminalize the child\u2019s status (associated) which results from an adult\u2019s criminal conduct (recruitment and use), and that violates the human rights of the child. Such laws should not apply to children. In addition, as for adults, any expressions of support for particular groups, acts, or ideologies that do not rise to the level of legally defined crimes such as incitement to discrimination, hostility, or violence, or to committing terrorist acts, should not constitute criminal offenses. Under the convention on the rights of the child (Article 2) States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to protect children against discrimination or punishment on the basis of the status, activities, expressed opinions, or beliefs of their parents, legal guardians, or family members. Thus, children should not be interrogated as a suspect or prosecuted due to the actual or alleged affiliation of a family member. As part of the investigation of cases involving a child victim or witness, child victims or witnesses, their parents or guardians, legal representatives or a designated support person, should be promptly and adequately informed of their rights, availability of services and protection measures, and procedures in relation to any adult and\/or juvenile justice processes, from their first contact with the justice process and throughout, to the extent feasible and consistent with the child\u2019s best interests.Any investigative action, including interviews with or examinations of the child, shall be conducted by professionals specially trained in dealing with children using a child-sensitive approach. All investigative actions shall be conducted in a suitable environment, in a language that the child uses and understands, and in the presence of the child\u2019s parent, legal guardian, legal representative, or designated support person.13To the extent possible, the repetition of interviews of child victims or witnesses should be minimized to prevent secondary victimization. The child\u2019s best interest and right to privacy must be considered in all actions (see also Section 6.3.1 Data Collection, and Section 9.5 Collecting testimonies from children).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1121, "Sentence":"The child\u2019s best interest and right to privacy must be considered in all actions (see also Section 6.3.1 Data Collection, and Section 9.5 Collecting testimonies from children).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child \u2019 best interest right privacy must considered action see also section 6.3.1 data collection section 9.5 collecting testimony child ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.2 Minimum age of criminal responsibility", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Under the CRC, States are required to establish a minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR). The Committee on the Rights of the Child encouraged States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. This is because children\u2019s brain development is still evolving during these years. Children under the MACR shall never be processed through the criminal justice system. Criminal accountability measures imposed on a child above the MACR shall consider the child\u2019s best interests, the child\u2019s age at the time of the commission of any alleged crime, the coercive environment under which the child may have been living, and any other mitigating circumstances, while simultaneously supporting the child\u2019s protection and reintegration. For all children, reintegration processes should be focused on addressing the root causes of their association and recovery, rather than punishment for any actions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1122, "Sentence":"Under the CRC, States are required to establish a minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR crc state required establish minimum age criminal responsibility macr ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.2 Minimum age of criminal responsibility", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Under the CRC, States are required to establish a minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR). The Committee on the Rights of the Child encouraged States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. This is because children\u2019s brain development is still evolving during these years. Children under the MACR shall never be processed through the criminal justice system. Criminal accountability measures imposed on a child above the MACR shall consider the child\u2019s best interests, the child\u2019s age at the time of the commission of any alleged crime, the coercive environment under which the child may have been living, and any other mitigating circumstances, while simultaneously supporting the child\u2019s protection and reintegration. For all children, reintegration processes should be focused on addressing the root causes of their association and recovery, rather than punishment for any actions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1122, "Sentence":"The Committee on the Rights of the Child encouraged States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR committee right child encouraged state increase macr possible lower 14 year age commending state set higher macr 15 16 year age ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.2 Minimum age of criminal responsibility", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Under the CRC, States are required to establish a minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR). The Committee on the Rights of the Child encouraged States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. This is because children\u2019s brain development is still evolving during these years. Children under the MACR shall never be processed through the criminal justice system. Criminal accountability measures imposed on a child above the MACR shall consider the child\u2019s best interests, the child\u2019s age at the time of the commission of any alleged crime, the coercive environment under which the child may have been living, and any other mitigating circumstances, while simultaneously supporting the child\u2019s protection and reintegration. For all children, reintegration processes should be focused on addressing the root causes of their association and recovery, rather than punishment for any actions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1122, "Sentence":"This is because children\u2019s brain development is still evolving during these years.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child \u2019 brain development still evolving year ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.2 Minimum age of criminal responsibility", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Under the CRC, States are required to establish a minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR). The Committee on the Rights of the Child encouraged States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. This is because children\u2019s brain development is still evolving during these years. Children under the MACR shall never be processed through the criminal justice system. Criminal accountability measures imposed on a child above the MACR shall consider the child\u2019s best interests, the child\u2019s age at the time of the commission of any alleged crime, the coercive environment under which the child may have been living, and any other mitigating circumstances, while simultaneously supporting the child\u2019s protection and reintegration. For all children, reintegration processes should be focused on addressing the root causes of their association and recovery, rather than punishment for any actions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1122, "Sentence":"Children under the MACR shall never be processed through the criminal justice system.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child macr shall never processed criminal justice system ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.2 Minimum age of criminal responsibility", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Under the CRC, States are required to establish a minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR). The Committee on the Rights of the Child encouraged States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. This is because children\u2019s brain development is still evolving during these years. Children under the MACR shall never be processed through the criminal justice system. Criminal accountability measures imposed on a child above the MACR shall consider the child\u2019s best interests, the child\u2019s age at the time of the commission of any alleged crime, the coercive environment under which the child may have been living, and any other mitigating circumstances, while simultaneously supporting the child\u2019s protection and reintegration. For all children, reintegration processes should be focused on addressing the root causes of their association and recovery, rather than punishment for any actions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1122, "Sentence":"Criminal accountability measures imposed on a child above the MACR shall consider the child\u2019s best interests, the child\u2019s age at the time of the commission of any alleged crime, the coercive environment under which the child may have been living, and any other mitigating circumstances, while simultaneously supporting the child\u2019s protection and reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR criminal accountability measure imposed child macr shall consider child \u2019 best interest child \u2019 age time commission alleged crime coercive environment child may living mitigating circumstance simultaneously supporting child \u2019 protection reintegration ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.2 Minimum age of criminal responsibility", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Under the CRC, States are required to establish a minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR). The Committee on the Rights of the Child encouraged States to increase the MACR where possible, and not to lower it below 14 years of age, commending States that set a higher MACR such as 15 or 16 years of age. This is because children\u2019s brain development is still evolving during these years. Children under the MACR shall never be processed through the criminal justice system. Criminal accountability measures imposed on a child above the MACR shall consider the child\u2019s best interests, the child\u2019s age at the time of the commission of any alleged crime, the coercive environment under which the child may have been living, and any other mitigating circumstances, while simultaneously supporting the child\u2019s protection and reintegration. For all children, reintegration processes should be focused on addressing the root causes of their association and recovery, rather than punishment for any actions.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1122, "Sentence":"For all children, reintegration processes should be focused on addressing the root causes of their association and recovery, rather than punishment for any actions.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child reintegration process focused addressing root cause association recovery rather punishment action ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.3 Juvenile justice and child-specific due process and minimum standards", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Children over the MACR can be held accountable for criminal acts they may have committed, including terrorist offences, but only while respecting their rights, employing child-specific juvenile justice processes, and with their best interests as a primary consideration. Due consideration shall be given to their right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, and protections against self-incrimination. Justice systems handling cases of children over the MACR should always also prioritize the child\u2019s best interests and recognize the long-term process for children to sustainably reintegrate. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.14 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u2018The Beijing Rules\u2019) adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The Beijing Rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. This requirement is further supported through the CRC which provides an obligation under international law for States to ensure that \u201cno child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily\u201d and that the \u201carrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time\u201d.15 As such when children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1123, "Sentence":"Children over the MACR can be held accountable for criminal acts they may have committed, including terrorist offences, but only while respecting their rights, employing child-specific juvenile justice processes, and with their best interests as a primary consideration.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child macr held accountable criminal act may committed including terrorist offence respecting right employing childspecific juvenile justice process best interest primary consideration ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.3 Juvenile justice and child-specific due process and minimum standards", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Children over the MACR can be held accountable for criminal acts they may have committed, including terrorist offences, but only while respecting their rights, employing child-specific juvenile justice processes, and with their best interests as a primary consideration. Due consideration shall be given to their right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, and protections against self-incrimination. Justice systems handling cases of children over the MACR should always also prioritize the child\u2019s best interests and recognize the long-term process for children to sustainably reintegrate. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.14 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u2018The Beijing Rules\u2019) adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The Beijing Rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. This requirement is further supported through the CRC which provides an obligation under international law for States to ensure that \u201cno child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily\u201d and that the \u201carrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time\u201d.15 As such when children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1123, "Sentence":"Due consideration shall be given to their right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, and protections against self-incrimination.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR due consideration shall given right childspecific due process minimum standard based age need specific vulnerability including example right legal representation protection selfincrimination ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.3 Juvenile justice and child-specific due process and minimum standards", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Children over the MACR can be held accountable for criminal acts they may have committed, including terrorist offences, but only while respecting their rights, employing child-specific juvenile justice processes, and with their best interests as a primary consideration. Due consideration shall be given to their right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, and protections against self-incrimination. Justice systems handling cases of children over the MACR should always also prioritize the child\u2019s best interests and recognize the long-term process for children to sustainably reintegrate. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.14 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u2018The Beijing Rules\u2019) adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The Beijing Rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. This requirement is further supported through the CRC which provides an obligation under international law for States to ensure that \u201cno child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily\u201d and that the \u201carrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time\u201d.15 As such when children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1123, "Sentence":"Justice systems handling cases of children over the MACR should always also prioritize the child\u2019s best interests and recognize the long-term process for children to sustainably reintegrate.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR justice system handling case child macr always also prioritize child \u2019 best interest recognize longterm process child sustainably reintegrate ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.3 Juvenile justice and child-specific due process and minimum standards", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Children over the MACR can be held accountable for criminal acts they may have committed, including terrorist offences, but only while respecting their rights, employing child-specific juvenile justice processes, and with their best interests as a primary consideration. Due consideration shall be given to their right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, and protections against self-incrimination. Justice systems handling cases of children over the MACR should always also prioritize the child\u2019s best interests and recognize the long-term process for children to sustainably reintegrate. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.14 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u2018The Beijing Rules\u2019) adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The Beijing Rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. This requirement is further supported through the CRC which provides an obligation under international law for States to ensure that \u201cno child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily\u201d and that the \u201carrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time\u201d.15 As such when children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1123, "Sentence":"Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.14 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR judicial proceeding child shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice fair trial standard focus recovery restorative justice order assist child \u2019 physical psychological social recovery.14 separate juvenile justice system place case handled civilian authority special training childfriendly procedure rather military intelligence authority ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.3 Juvenile justice and child-specific due process and minimum standards", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Children over the MACR can be held accountable for criminal acts they may have committed, including terrorist offences, but only while respecting their rights, employing child-specific juvenile justice processes, and with their best interests as a primary consideration. Due consideration shall be given to their right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, and protections against self-incrimination. Justice systems handling cases of children over the MACR should always also prioritize the child\u2019s best interests and recognize the long-term process for children to sustainably reintegrate. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.14 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u2018The Beijing Rules\u2019) adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The Beijing Rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. This requirement is further supported through the CRC which provides an obligation under international law for States to ensure that \u201cno child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily\u201d and that the \u201carrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time\u201d.15 As such when children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1123, "Sentence":"All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u2018The Beijing Rules\u2019) adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR judicial action relating child shall take place presence child \u2019 appointed legal representative appropriate assistance whose role protect right interest child unless contrary best interest child presence child \u2019 parent legal guardians.the un standard minimum rule administration juvenile justice \u2018 beijing rule \u2019 adopted general assembly resolution 40\/33 1985 provide guidance arrest detention child ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.3 Juvenile justice and child-specific due process and minimum standards", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Children over the MACR can be held accountable for criminal acts they may have committed, including terrorist offences, but only while respecting their rights, employing child-specific juvenile justice processes, and with their best interests as a primary consideration. Due consideration shall be given to their right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, and protections against self-incrimination. Justice systems handling cases of children over the MACR should always also prioritize the child\u2019s best interests and recognize the long-term process for children to sustainably reintegrate. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.14 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u2018The Beijing Rules\u2019) adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The Beijing Rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. This requirement is further supported through the CRC which provides an obligation under international law for States to ensure that \u201cno child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily\u201d and that the \u201carrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time\u201d.15 As such when children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1123, "Sentence":"Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child retain right already covered adult arrested ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.3 Juvenile justice and child-specific due process and minimum standards", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Children over the MACR can be held accountable for criminal acts they may have committed, including terrorist offences, but only while respecting their rights, employing child-specific juvenile justice processes, and with their best interests as a primary consideration. Due consideration shall be given to their right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, and protections against self-incrimination. Justice systems handling cases of children over the MACR should always also prioritize the child\u2019s best interests and recognize the long-term process for children to sustainably reintegrate. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.14 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u2018The Beijing Rules\u2019) adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The Beijing Rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. This requirement is further supported through the CRC which provides an obligation under international law for States to ensure that \u201cno child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily\u201d and that the \u201carrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time\u201d.15 As such when children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1123, "Sentence":"The Beijing Rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR beijing rule require detention child last resort arrest detention imprisonment child avoided whenever possible ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.3 Juvenile justice and child-specific due process and minimum standards", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Children over the MACR can be held accountable for criminal acts they may have committed, including terrorist offences, but only while respecting their rights, employing child-specific juvenile justice processes, and with their best interests as a primary consideration. Due consideration shall be given to their right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, and protections against self-incrimination. Justice systems handling cases of children over the MACR should always also prioritize the child\u2019s best interests and recognize the long-term process for children to sustainably reintegrate. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.14 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u2018The Beijing Rules\u2019) adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The Beijing Rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. This requirement is further supported through the CRC which provides an obligation under international law for States to ensure that \u201cno child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily\u201d and that the \u201carrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time\u201d.15 As such when children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1123, "Sentence":"This requirement is further supported through the CRC which provides an obligation under international law for States to ensure that \u201cno child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily\u201d and that the \u201carrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time\u201d.15 As such when children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR requirement supported crc provides obligation international law state ensure \u201c child shall deprived liberty unlawfully arbitrarily \u201d \u201c arrest detention imprisonment child shall conformity law shall used measure last resort shortest appropriate period time \u201d .15 child arrested detained case given highest priority handled expeditiously ensure shortest possible period detention prior trial ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.3 Juvenile justice and child-specific due process and minimum standards", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Children over the MACR can be held accountable for criminal acts they may have committed, including terrorist offences, but only while respecting their rights, employing child-specific juvenile justice processes, and with their best interests as a primary consideration. Due consideration shall be given to their right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, and protections against self-incrimination. Justice systems handling cases of children over the MACR should always also prioritize the child\u2019s best interests and recognize the long-term process for children to sustainably reintegrate. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.14 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u2018The Beijing Rules\u2019) adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The Beijing Rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. This requirement is further supported through the CRC which provides an obligation under international law for States to ensure that \u201cno child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily\u201d and that the \u201carrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time\u201d.15 As such when children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1123, "Sentence":"States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR state ensure accountability mechanism fully line international law related juvenile justice.international child right juvenile justice standard require alternative normal judicial proceeding criminal court applied providing human right legal safeguard fully respected crc article 403b rule 11 \u2018 beijing rule \u2019 ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.3 Juvenile justice and child-specific due process and minimum standards", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Children over the MACR can be held accountable for criminal acts they may have committed, including terrorist offences, but only while respecting their rights, employing child-specific juvenile justice processes, and with their best interests as a primary consideration. Due consideration shall be given to their right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, and protections against self-incrimination. Justice systems handling cases of children over the MACR should always also prioritize the child\u2019s best interests and recognize the long-term process for children to sustainably reintegrate. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.14 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u2018The Beijing Rules\u2019) adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The Beijing Rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. This requirement is further supported through the CRC which provides an obligation under international law for States to ensure that \u201cno child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily\u201d and that the \u201carrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time\u201d.15 As such when children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1123, "Sentence":"For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR example restorative justice \u2013 achieved finding alternative criminal court \u2013 involves child offender understanding taking responsibility his\/her action goal achieving reconciliation offender victim wider community reparation ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.3 Juvenile justice and child-specific due process and minimum standards", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Children over the MACR can be held accountable for criminal acts they may have committed, including terrorist offences, but only while respecting their rights, employing child-specific juvenile justice processes, and with their best interests as a primary consideration. Due consideration shall be given to their right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, and protections against self-incrimination. Justice systems handling cases of children over the MACR should always also prioritize the child\u2019s best interests and recognize the long-term process for children to sustainably reintegrate. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.14 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u2018The Beijing Rules\u2019) adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The Beijing Rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. This requirement is further supported through the CRC which provides an obligation under international law for States to ensure that \u201cno child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily\u201d and that the \u201carrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time\u201d.15 As such when children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1123, "Sentence":"Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR procedure ensure right child protected throughout ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.3 Juvenile justice and child-specific due process and minimum standards", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Children over the MACR can be held accountable for criminal acts they may have committed, including terrorist offences, but only while respecting their rights, employing child-specific juvenile justice processes, and with their best interests as a primary consideration. Due consideration shall be given to their right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, and protections against self-incrimination. Justice systems handling cases of children over the MACR should always also prioritize the child\u2019s best interests and recognize the long-term process for children to sustainably reintegrate. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.14 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u2018The Beijing Rules\u2019) adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The Beijing Rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. This requirement is further supported through the CRC which provides an obligation under international law for States to ensure that \u201cno child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily\u201d and that the \u201carrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time\u201d.15 As such when children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1123, "Sentence":"The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child \u2019 participation restorative justice process shall voluntary preceded informed consent given child his\/her parent guardian ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.3 Juvenile justice and child-specific due process and minimum standards", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Children over the MACR can be held accountable for criminal acts they may have committed, including terrorist offences, but only while respecting their rights, employing child-specific juvenile justice processes, and with their best interests as a primary consideration. Due consideration shall be given to their right to child-specific due process and minimum standards based on their age, needs and specific vulnerabilities, including for example, the right to legal representation, and protections against self-incrimination. Justice systems handling cases of children over the MACR should always also prioritize the child\u2019s best interests and recognize the long-term process for children to sustainably reintegrate. Any judicial proceedings for children shall respect internationally recognized juvenile justice and fair trial standards, with a focus on recovery and restorative justice in order to assist children\u2019s physical, psychological and social recovery.14 Where no separate juvenile justice system is in place, cases should be handled by civilian authorities who have special training in child-friendly procedures, rather than military or intelligence authorities. All judicial actions relating to children shall take place in the presence of the child\u2019s appointed legal representative or other appropriate assistance, whose role it is to protect the rights and interests of the child, and unless contrary to the best interests of the child, in the presence of the child\u2019s parents or legal guardians.The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u2018The Beijing Rules\u2019) adopted by General Assembly resolution 40\/33 in 1985 provide guidance for the arrest or detention of children. Children retain all the rights already covered for adults if arrested. The Beijing Rules require detention of children only as a last resort so that arrest, detention or imprisonment of children should be avoided whenever possible. This requirement is further supported through the CRC which provides an obligation under international law for States to ensure that \u201cno child shall be deprived of his or her liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily\u201d and that the \u201carrest, detention or imprisonment of a child shall be in conformity with the law and shall be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time\u201d.15 As such when children are arrested and detained, their cases are to be given the highest priority and handled expeditiously to ensure the shortest possible period of detention prior to trial. States should ensure that accountability mechanisms are fully in line with international law related to juvenile justice.International child rights and juvenile justice standards require that alternatives to normal judicial proceedings in criminal courts should be applied, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are fully respected (CRC, Article 40[3b], Rule 11, \u2018Beijing Rules\u2019). For example, restorative justice \u2013 achieved through finding alternatives to criminal courts \u2013 involves the child offender understanding and taking responsibility for his\/her actions with the goal of achieving reconciliation between the offender, the victim and the wider community through reparations. Such a procedure should ensure that the rights of the child are protected throughout. The child\u2019s participation in a restorative justice process shall be voluntary and preceded by informed consent (given by both the child and his\/her parent or guardian). Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1123, "Sentence":"Measures to prevent the child from becoming distressed must be in place.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR measure prevent child becoming distressed must place ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.3 Juvenile justice and child-specific due process and minimum standards", "Heading3":"9.3.1 Girl mothers and their children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Girl mothers in contact with the law should receive special consideration \u2013 such as consideration of mitigating circumstances in sentencing \u2013 and the rights of her child(ren) should be factored into judicial decisions. This may include allowing mothers to serve sentences at home, in order to respect the best interests of their children and maintain family unity. Specific interventions shall be developed to address the various challenges that girl mothers and their children may face. Any such interventions shall be based on the best interests of each child, in recognition of the detrimental impacts that family separation and deprivation of liberty have on children. Family unity should be maintained save in exceptional circumstances where the parent poses an immediate and actual harm to the child. Practitioners shall advocate with Governments for mothers under 18 years of age to have the right to confer their nationality onto their children,16 a right that protects their children from becoming stateless.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1124, "Sentence":"Girl mothers in contact with the law should receive special consideration \u2013 such as consideration of mitigating circumstances in sentencing \u2013 and the rights of her child(ren) should be factored into judicial decisions.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR girl mother contact law receive special consideration \u2013 consideration mitigating circumstance sentencing \u2013 right child factored judicial decision ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.3 Juvenile justice and child-specific due process and minimum standards", "Heading3":"9.3.1 Girl mothers and their children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Girl mothers in contact with the law should receive special consideration \u2013 such as consideration of mitigating circumstances in sentencing \u2013 and the rights of her child(ren) should be factored into judicial decisions. This may include allowing mothers to serve sentences at home, in order to respect the best interests of their children and maintain family unity. Specific interventions shall be developed to address the various challenges that girl mothers and their children may face. Any such interventions shall be based on the best interests of each child, in recognition of the detrimental impacts that family separation and deprivation of liberty have on children. Family unity should be maintained save in exceptional circumstances where the parent poses an immediate and actual harm to the child. Practitioners shall advocate with Governments for mothers under 18 years of age to have the right to confer their nationality onto their children,16 a right that protects their children from becoming stateless.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1124, "Sentence":"This may include allowing mothers to serve sentences at home, in order to respect the best interests of their children and maintain family unity.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR may include allowing mother serve sentence home order respect best interest child maintain family unity ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.3 Juvenile justice and child-specific due process and minimum standards", "Heading3":"9.3.1 Girl mothers and their children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Girl mothers in contact with the law should receive special consideration \u2013 such as consideration of mitigating circumstances in sentencing \u2013 and the rights of her child(ren) should be factored into judicial decisions. This may include allowing mothers to serve sentences at home, in order to respect the best interests of their children and maintain family unity. Specific interventions shall be developed to address the various challenges that girl mothers and their children may face. Any such interventions shall be based on the best interests of each child, in recognition of the detrimental impacts that family separation and deprivation of liberty have on children. Family unity should be maintained save in exceptional circumstances where the parent poses an immediate and actual harm to the child. Practitioners shall advocate with Governments for mothers under 18 years of age to have the right to confer their nationality onto their children,16 a right that protects their children from becoming stateless.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1124, "Sentence":"Specific interventions shall be developed to address the various challenges that girl mothers and their children may face.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR specific intervention shall developed address various challenge girl mother child may face ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.3 Juvenile justice and child-specific due process and minimum standards", "Heading3":"9.3.1 Girl mothers and their children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Girl mothers in contact with the law should receive special consideration \u2013 such as consideration of mitigating circumstances in sentencing \u2013 and the rights of her child(ren) should be factored into judicial decisions. This may include allowing mothers to serve sentences at home, in order to respect the best interests of their children and maintain family unity. Specific interventions shall be developed to address the various challenges that girl mothers and their children may face. Any such interventions shall be based on the best interests of each child, in recognition of the detrimental impacts that family separation and deprivation of liberty have on children. Family unity should be maintained save in exceptional circumstances where the parent poses an immediate and actual harm to the child. Practitioners shall advocate with Governments for mothers under 18 years of age to have the right to confer their nationality onto their children,16 a right that protects their children from becoming stateless.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1124, "Sentence":"Any such interventions shall be based on the best interests of each child, in recognition of the detrimental impacts that family separation and deprivation of liberty have on children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR intervention shall based best interest child recognition detrimental impact family separation deprivation liberty child ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.3 Juvenile justice and child-specific due process and minimum standards", "Heading3":"9.3.1 Girl mothers and their children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Girl mothers in contact with the law should receive special consideration \u2013 such as consideration of mitigating circumstances in sentencing \u2013 and the rights of her child(ren) should be factored into judicial decisions. This may include allowing mothers to serve sentences at home, in order to respect the best interests of their children and maintain family unity. Specific interventions shall be developed to address the various challenges that girl mothers and their children may face. Any such interventions shall be based on the best interests of each child, in recognition of the detrimental impacts that family separation and deprivation of liberty have on children. Family unity should be maintained save in exceptional circumstances where the parent poses an immediate and actual harm to the child. Practitioners shall advocate with Governments for mothers under 18 years of age to have the right to confer their nationality onto their children,16 a right that protects their children from becoming stateless.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1124, "Sentence":"Family unity should be maintained save in exceptional circumstances where the parent poses an immediate and actual harm to the child.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR family unity maintained save exceptional circumstance parent pose immediate actual harm child ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.3 Juvenile justice and child-specific due process and minimum standards", "Heading3":"9.3.1 Girl mothers and their children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Girl mothers in contact with the law should receive special consideration \u2013 such as consideration of mitigating circumstances in sentencing \u2013 and the rights of her child(ren) should be factored into judicial decisions. This may include allowing mothers to serve sentences at home, in order to respect the best interests of their children and maintain family unity. Specific interventions shall be developed to address the various challenges that girl mothers and their children may face. Any such interventions shall be based on the best interests of each child, in recognition of the detrimental impacts that family separation and deprivation of liberty have on children. Family unity should be maintained save in exceptional circumstances where the parent poses an immediate and actual harm to the child. Practitioners shall advocate with Governments for mothers under 18 years of age to have the right to confer their nationality onto their children,16 a right that protects their children from becoming stateless.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1124, "Sentence":"Practitioners shall advocate with Governments for mothers under 18 years of age to have the right to confer their nationality onto their children,16 a right that protects their children from becoming stateless.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR practitioner shall advocate government mother 18 year age right confer nationality onto children16 right protects child becoming stateless ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.4 Children associated with armed groups designated by the UN as terrorist organizations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall encourage the release and reintegration of CAAFAG at all times and without precondition. There is no exception to this rule for children associated with armed groups that have been designated as terrorist by the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities established pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) or by any other state or regional body.No matter the armed group involved and no matter the age, status or conduct of the child, all relevant provisions of international law, including human rights, humanitarian, and refugee law. This includes all provisions and standards previously discussed, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocols, all standards for justice for children, the Paris Principles and Guidelines, where applicable, and the Geneva Conventions. As with all CAAFAG, children associated with designated terrorist groups shall be treated primarily as victims and be afforded their right to be released and provide them with the reintegration and other support described in this module without discrimination (Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Articles 6(3) and 7(1) and the Paris Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups (Articles 3.11-3.13).Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) \u201c[s]trongly condemns all violations of applicable international law involving the recruitment and use of children by parties to armed conflict as well as their re-recruitment\u2026\u201d and \u201c\u2026all other violations of international law, including international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, committed against children in situations of armed conflict and demands that all relevant parties immediately put an end to such practices and take special measures to protect children.\u201d (OP1) The Security Council also emphasizes the responsibility of states to end impunity \u201cfor genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious crimes perpetrated against children\u201d including their recruitment and use.17Children who have been recruited and used by terrorist groups are victims of violations of international law and have the same rights and protections as all children. Some children may also have committed crimes during their period of association. While children above the minimum age of criminal responsibility may be held accountable consistent with international law (see section 9.3), as victims of crime, these children should not face criminal charges for the mere fact of their association with a designated terrorist group or for activities that would not otherwise be criminal such as cooking, cleaning, or driving.18 Children whose parents, caregivers or family members are alleged to be associated with a designated terrorist group, also shall not be held accountable for the actions of their relatives nor shall they be excluded from measures or services that promote their physical and psychosocial recovery or reintegration.Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) stresses the need for States \u201cto pay particular attention to the treatment of children associated or allegedly associated with all non-state armed groups, including those who commit actors of terrorism, in particular by establishing standard operating procedures for the rapid handover of children to relevant civilian child protection actors\u201d (OP 19). It also urges Member States to mainstream child protection in all stages of DDR (OP24) and in security sector reforms (OP25), including through gender- and age-sensitive DDR processes, the establishment of child protection units in national security forces, and the strengthening of effective age assessment mechanisms to prevent underage recruitment. It stresses the importance of long-term sustainable reintegration for all boys and girls affected by armed conflict and working with communities to avoid stigmatization of children while facilitating their return in a way that enhances their wellbeing (OP 26).Children formerly under the control of UN designated terrorist groups, may be able to access refugee and asylum procedures depending on their individual situation and status (e.g., if they were forcibly recruited and trafficked across borders). All children and asylum seekers have a right to individual determinations to assess any claims they may have. For any child who asks for refugee or asylum status, the practitioner shall refer the child to the relevant UN entity or to a legal services provider. DDR practitioners shall not determine eligibility for asylum or refugee status.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1125, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall encourage the release and reintegration of CAAFAG at all times and without precondition.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr practitioner shall encourage release reintegration caafag time without precondition ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.4 Children associated with armed groups designated by the UN as terrorist organizations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall encourage the release and reintegration of CAAFAG at all times and without precondition. There is no exception to this rule for children associated with armed groups that have been designated as terrorist by the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities established pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) or by any other state or regional body.No matter the armed group involved and no matter the age, status or conduct of the child, all relevant provisions of international law, including human rights, humanitarian, and refugee law. This includes all provisions and standards previously discussed, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocols, all standards for justice for children, the Paris Principles and Guidelines, where applicable, and the Geneva Conventions. As with all CAAFAG, children associated with designated terrorist groups shall be treated primarily as victims and be afforded their right to be released and provide them with the reintegration and other support described in this module without discrimination (Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Articles 6(3) and 7(1) and the Paris Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups (Articles 3.11-3.13).Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) \u201c[s]trongly condemns all violations of applicable international law involving the recruitment and use of children by parties to armed conflict as well as their re-recruitment\u2026\u201d and \u201c\u2026all other violations of international law, including international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, committed against children in situations of armed conflict and demands that all relevant parties immediately put an end to such practices and take special measures to protect children.\u201d (OP1) The Security Council also emphasizes the responsibility of states to end impunity \u201cfor genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious crimes perpetrated against children\u201d including their recruitment and use.17Children who have been recruited and used by terrorist groups are victims of violations of international law and have the same rights and protections as all children. Some children may also have committed crimes during their period of association. While children above the minimum age of criminal responsibility may be held accountable consistent with international law (see section 9.3), as victims of crime, these children should not face criminal charges for the mere fact of their association with a designated terrorist group or for activities that would not otherwise be criminal such as cooking, cleaning, or driving.18 Children whose parents, caregivers or family members are alleged to be associated with a designated terrorist group, also shall not be held accountable for the actions of their relatives nor shall they be excluded from measures or services that promote their physical and psychosocial recovery or reintegration.Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) stresses the need for States \u201cto pay particular attention to the treatment of children associated or allegedly associated with all non-state armed groups, including those who commit actors of terrorism, in particular by establishing standard operating procedures for the rapid handover of children to relevant civilian child protection actors\u201d (OP 19). It also urges Member States to mainstream child protection in all stages of DDR (OP24) and in security sector reforms (OP25), including through gender- and age-sensitive DDR processes, the establishment of child protection units in national security forces, and the strengthening of effective age assessment mechanisms to prevent underage recruitment. It stresses the importance of long-term sustainable reintegration for all boys and girls affected by armed conflict and working with communities to avoid stigmatization of children while facilitating their return in a way that enhances their wellbeing (OP 26).Children formerly under the control of UN designated terrorist groups, may be able to access refugee and asylum procedures depending on their individual situation and status (e.g., if they were forcibly recruited and trafficked across borders). All children and asylum seekers have a right to individual determinations to assess any claims they may have. For any child who asks for refugee or asylum status, the practitioner shall refer the child to the relevant UN entity or to a legal services provider. DDR practitioners shall not determine eligibility for asylum or refugee status.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1125, "Sentence":"There is no exception to this rule for children associated with armed groups that have been designated as terrorist by the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities established pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) or by any other state or regional body.No matter the armed group involved and no matter the age, status or conduct of the child, all relevant provisions of international law, including human rights, humanitarian, and refugee law.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR exception rule child associated armed group designated terrorist security council committee concerning isil da \u2019 esh alqaida associated individual group undertaking entity established pursuant resolution 1267 1999 1989 2011 2253 2015 state regional body.no matter armed group involved matter age status conduct child relevant provision international law including human right humanitarian refugee law ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.4 Children associated with armed groups designated by the UN as terrorist organizations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall encourage the release and reintegration of CAAFAG at all times and without precondition. There is no exception to this rule for children associated with armed groups that have been designated as terrorist by the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities established pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) or by any other state or regional body.No matter the armed group involved and no matter the age, status or conduct of the child, all relevant provisions of international law, including human rights, humanitarian, and refugee law. This includes all provisions and standards previously discussed, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocols, all standards for justice for children, the Paris Principles and Guidelines, where applicable, and the Geneva Conventions. As with all CAAFAG, children associated with designated terrorist groups shall be treated primarily as victims and be afforded their right to be released and provide them with the reintegration and other support described in this module without discrimination (Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Articles 6(3) and 7(1) and the Paris Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups (Articles 3.11-3.13).Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) \u201c[s]trongly condemns all violations of applicable international law involving the recruitment and use of children by parties to armed conflict as well as their re-recruitment\u2026\u201d and \u201c\u2026all other violations of international law, including international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, committed against children in situations of armed conflict and demands that all relevant parties immediately put an end to such practices and take special measures to protect children.\u201d (OP1) The Security Council also emphasizes the responsibility of states to end impunity \u201cfor genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious crimes perpetrated against children\u201d including their recruitment and use.17Children who have been recruited and used by terrorist groups are victims of violations of international law and have the same rights and protections as all children. Some children may also have committed crimes during their period of association. While children above the minimum age of criminal responsibility may be held accountable consistent with international law (see section 9.3), as victims of crime, these children should not face criminal charges for the mere fact of their association with a designated terrorist group or for activities that would not otherwise be criminal such as cooking, cleaning, or driving.18 Children whose parents, caregivers or family members are alleged to be associated with a designated terrorist group, also shall not be held accountable for the actions of their relatives nor shall they be excluded from measures or services that promote their physical and psychosocial recovery or reintegration.Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) stresses the need for States \u201cto pay particular attention to the treatment of children associated or allegedly associated with all non-state armed groups, including those who commit actors of terrorism, in particular by establishing standard operating procedures for the rapid handover of children to relevant civilian child protection actors\u201d (OP 19). It also urges Member States to mainstream child protection in all stages of DDR (OP24) and in security sector reforms (OP25), including through gender- and age-sensitive DDR processes, the establishment of child protection units in national security forces, and the strengthening of effective age assessment mechanisms to prevent underage recruitment. It stresses the importance of long-term sustainable reintegration for all boys and girls affected by armed conflict and working with communities to avoid stigmatization of children while facilitating their return in a way that enhances their wellbeing (OP 26).Children formerly under the control of UN designated terrorist groups, may be able to access refugee and asylum procedures depending on their individual situation and status (e.g., if they were forcibly recruited and trafficked across borders). All children and asylum seekers have a right to individual determinations to assess any claims they may have. For any child who asks for refugee or asylum status, the practitioner shall refer the child to the relevant UN entity or to a legal services provider. DDR practitioners shall not determine eligibility for asylum or refugee status.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1125, "Sentence":"This includes all provisions and standards previously discussed, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocols, all standards for justice for children, the Paris Principles and Guidelines, where applicable, and the Geneva Conventions.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR includes provision standard previously discussed including convention right child optional protocol standard justice child paris principle guideline applicable geneva convention ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.4 Children associated with armed groups designated by the UN as terrorist organizations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall encourage the release and reintegration of CAAFAG at all times and without precondition. There is no exception to this rule for children associated with armed groups that have been designated as terrorist by the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities established pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) or by any other state or regional body.No matter the armed group involved and no matter the age, status or conduct of the child, all relevant provisions of international law, including human rights, humanitarian, and refugee law. This includes all provisions and standards previously discussed, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocols, all standards for justice for children, the Paris Principles and Guidelines, where applicable, and the Geneva Conventions. As with all CAAFAG, children associated with designated terrorist groups shall be treated primarily as victims and be afforded their right to be released and provide them with the reintegration and other support described in this module without discrimination (Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Articles 6(3) and 7(1) and the Paris Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups (Articles 3.11-3.13).Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) \u201c[s]trongly condemns all violations of applicable international law involving the recruitment and use of children by parties to armed conflict as well as their re-recruitment\u2026\u201d and \u201c\u2026all other violations of international law, including international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, committed against children in situations of armed conflict and demands that all relevant parties immediately put an end to such practices and take special measures to protect children.\u201d (OP1) The Security Council also emphasizes the responsibility of states to end impunity \u201cfor genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious crimes perpetrated against children\u201d including their recruitment and use.17Children who have been recruited and used by terrorist groups are victims of violations of international law and have the same rights and protections as all children. Some children may also have committed crimes during their period of association. While children above the minimum age of criminal responsibility may be held accountable consistent with international law (see section 9.3), as victims of crime, these children should not face criminal charges for the mere fact of their association with a designated terrorist group or for activities that would not otherwise be criminal such as cooking, cleaning, or driving.18 Children whose parents, caregivers or family members are alleged to be associated with a designated terrorist group, also shall not be held accountable for the actions of their relatives nor shall they be excluded from measures or services that promote their physical and psychosocial recovery or reintegration.Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) stresses the need for States \u201cto pay particular attention to the treatment of children associated or allegedly associated with all non-state armed groups, including those who commit actors of terrorism, in particular by establishing standard operating procedures for the rapid handover of children to relevant civilian child protection actors\u201d (OP 19). It also urges Member States to mainstream child protection in all stages of DDR (OP24) and in security sector reforms (OP25), including through gender- and age-sensitive DDR processes, the establishment of child protection units in national security forces, and the strengthening of effective age assessment mechanisms to prevent underage recruitment. It stresses the importance of long-term sustainable reintegration for all boys and girls affected by armed conflict and working with communities to avoid stigmatization of children while facilitating their return in a way that enhances their wellbeing (OP 26).Children formerly under the control of UN designated terrorist groups, may be able to access refugee and asylum procedures depending on their individual situation and status (e.g., if they were forcibly recruited and trafficked across borders). All children and asylum seekers have a right to individual determinations to assess any claims they may have. For any child who asks for refugee or asylum status, the practitioner shall refer the child to the relevant UN entity or to a legal services provider. DDR practitioners shall not determine eligibility for asylum or refugee status.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1125, "Sentence":"As with all CAAFAG, children associated with designated terrorist groups shall be treated primarily as victims and be afforded their right to be released and provide them with the reintegration and other support described in this module without discrimination (Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Articles 6(3) and 7(1) and the Paris Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups (Articles 3.11-3.13).Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) \u201c[s]trongly condemns all violations of applicable international law involving the recruitment and use of children by parties to armed conflict as well as their re-recruitment\u2026\u201d and \u201c\u2026all other violations of international law, including international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, committed against children in situations of armed conflict and demands that all relevant parties immediately put an end to such practices and take special measures to protect children.\u201d (OP1) The Security Council also emphasizes the responsibility of states to end impunity \u201cfor genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious crimes perpetrated against children\u201d including their recruitment and use.17Children who have been recruited and used by terrorist groups are victims of violations of international law and have the same rights and protections as all children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR caafag child associated designated terrorist group shall treated primarily victim afforded right released provide reintegration support described module without discrimination optional protocol convention right child article 63 71 paris principle guideline child associated armed force armed group article 3.113.13.security council resolution 2427 2018 \u201c strongly condemns violation applicable international law involving recruitment use child party armed conflict well rerecruitment\u2026 \u201d \u201c \u2026all violation international law including international humanitarian law human right law refugee law committed child situation armed conflict demand relevant party immediately put end practice take special measure protect children. \u201d op1 security council also emphasizes responsibility state end impunity \u201c genocide crime humanity war crime egregious crime perpetrated child \u201d including recruitment use.17children recruited used terrorist group victim violation international law right protection child ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.4 Children associated with armed groups designated by the UN as terrorist organizations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall encourage the release and reintegration of CAAFAG at all times and without precondition. There is no exception to this rule for children associated with armed groups that have been designated as terrorist by the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities established pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) or by any other state or regional body.No matter the armed group involved and no matter the age, status or conduct of the child, all relevant provisions of international law, including human rights, humanitarian, and refugee law. This includes all provisions and standards previously discussed, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocols, all standards for justice for children, the Paris Principles and Guidelines, where applicable, and the Geneva Conventions. As with all CAAFAG, children associated with designated terrorist groups shall be treated primarily as victims and be afforded their right to be released and provide them with the reintegration and other support described in this module without discrimination (Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Articles 6(3) and 7(1) and the Paris Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups (Articles 3.11-3.13).Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) \u201c[s]trongly condemns all violations of applicable international law involving the recruitment and use of children by parties to armed conflict as well as their re-recruitment\u2026\u201d and \u201c\u2026all other violations of international law, including international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, committed against children in situations of armed conflict and demands that all relevant parties immediately put an end to such practices and take special measures to protect children.\u201d (OP1) The Security Council also emphasizes the responsibility of states to end impunity \u201cfor genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious crimes perpetrated against children\u201d including their recruitment and use.17Children who have been recruited and used by terrorist groups are victims of violations of international law and have the same rights and protections as all children. Some children may also have committed crimes during their period of association. While children above the minimum age of criminal responsibility may be held accountable consistent with international law (see section 9.3), as victims of crime, these children should not face criminal charges for the mere fact of their association with a designated terrorist group or for activities that would not otherwise be criminal such as cooking, cleaning, or driving.18 Children whose parents, caregivers or family members are alleged to be associated with a designated terrorist group, also shall not be held accountable for the actions of their relatives nor shall they be excluded from measures or services that promote their physical and psychosocial recovery or reintegration.Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) stresses the need for States \u201cto pay particular attention to the treatment of children associated or allegedly associated with all non-state armed groups, including those who commit actors of terrorism, in particular by establishing standard operating procedures for the rapid handover of children to relevant civilian child protection actors\u201d (OP 19). It also urges Member States to mainstream child protection in all stages of DDR (OP24) and in security sector reforms (OP25), including through gender- and age-sensitive DDR processes, the establishment of child protection units in national security forces, and the strengthening of effective age assessment mechanisms to prevent underage recruitment. It stresses the importance of long-term sustainable reintegration for all boys and girls affected by armed conflict and working with communities to avoid stigmatization of children while facilitating their return in a way that enhances their wellbeing (OP 26).Children formerly under the control of UN designated terrorist groups, may be able to access refugee and asylum procedures depending on their individual situation and status (e.g., if they were forcibly recruited and trafficked across borders). All children and asylum seekers have a right to individual determinations to assess any claims they may have. For any child who asks for refugee or asylum status, the practitioner shall refer the child to the relevant UN entity or to a legal services provider. DDR practitioners shall not determine eligibility for asylum or refugee status.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1125, "Sentence":"Some children may also have committed crimes during their period of association.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child may also committed crime period association ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.4 Children associated with armed groups designated by the UN as terrorist organizations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall encourage the release and reintegration of CAAFAG at all times and without precondition. There is no exception to this rule for children associated with armed groups that have been designated as terrorist by the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities established pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) or by any other state or regional body.No matter the armed group involved and no matter the age, status or conduct of the child, all relevant provisions of international law, including human rights, humanitarian, and refugee law. This includes all provisions and standards previously discussed, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocols, all standards for justice for children, the Paris Principles and Guidelines, where applicable, and the Geneva Conventions. As with all CAAFAG, children associated with designated terrorist groups shall be treated primarily as victims and be afforded their right to be released and provide them with the reintegration and other support described in this module without discrimination (Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Articles 6(3) and 7(1) and the Paris Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups (Articles 3.11-3.13).Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) \u201c[s]trongly condemns all violations of applicable international law involving the recruitment and use of children by parties to armed conflict as well as their re-recruitment\u2026\u201d and \u201c\u2026all other violations of international law, including international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, committed against children in situations of armed conflict and demands that all relevant parties immediately put an end to such practices and take special measures to protect children.\u201d (OP1) The Security Council also emphasizes the responsibility of states to end impunity \u201cfor genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious crimes perpetrated against children\u201d including their recruitment and use.17Children who have been recruited and used by terrorist groups are victims of violations of international law and have the same rights and protections as all children. Some children may also have committed crimes during their period of association. While children above the minimum age of criminal responsibility may be held accountable consistent with international law (see section 9.3), as victims of crime, these children should not face criminal charges for the mere fact of their association with a designated terrorist group or for activities that would not otherwise be criminal such as cooking, cleaning, or driving.18 Children whose parents, caregivers or family members are alleged to be associated with a designated terrorist group, also shall not be held accountable for the actions of their relatives nor shall they be excluded from measures or services that promote their physical and psychosocial recovery or reintegration.Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) stresses the need for States \u201cto pay particular attention to the treatment of children associated or allegedly associated with all non-state armed groups, including those who commit actors of terrorism, in particular by establishing standard operating procedures for the rapid handover of children to relevant civilian child protection actors\u201d (OP 19). It also urges Member States to mainstream child protection in all stages of DDR (OP24) and in security sector reforms (OP25), including through gender- and age-sensitive DDR processes, the establishment of child protection units in national security forces, and the strengthening of effective age assessment mechanisms to prevent underage recruitment. It stresses the importance of long-term sustainable reintegration for all boys and girls affected by armed conflict and working with communities to avoid stigmatization of children while facilitating their return in a way that enhances their wellbeing (OP 26).Children formerly under the control of UN designated terrorist groups, may be able to access refugee and asylum procedures depending on their individual situation and status (e.g., if they were forcibly recruited and trafficked across borders). All children and asylum seekers have a right to individual determinations to assess any claims they may have. For any child who asks for refugee or asylum status, the practitioner shall refer the child to the relevant UN entity or to a legal services provider. DDR practitioners shall not determine eligibility for asylum or refugee status.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1125, "Sentence":"While children above the minimum age of criminal responsibility may be held accountable consistent with international law (see section 9.3), as victims of crime, these children should not face criminal charges for the mere fact of their association with a designated terrorist group or for activities that would not otherwise be criminal such as cooking, cleaning, or driving.18 Children whose parents, caregivers or family members are alleged to be associated with a designated terrorist group, also shall not be held accountable for the actions of their relatives nor shall they be excluded from measures or services that promote their physical and psychosocial recovery or reintegration.Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) stresses the need for States \u201cto pay particular attention to the treatment of children associated or allegedly associated with all non-state armed groups, including those who commit actors of terrorism, in particular by establishing standard operating procedures for the rapid handover of children to relevant civilian child protection actors\u201d (OP 19).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child minimum age criminal responsibility may held accountable consistent international law see section 9.3 victim crime child face criminal charge mere fact association designated terrorist group activity would otherwise criminal cooking cleaning driving.18 child whose parent caregiver family member alleged associated designated terrorist group also shall held accountable action relative shall excluded measure service promote physical psychosocial recovery reintegration.security council resolution 2427 2018 stress need state \u201c pay particular attention treatment child associated allegedly associated nonstate armed group including commit actor terrorism particular establishing standard operating procedure rapid handover child relevant civilian child protection actor \u201d op 19 ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.4 Children associated with armed groups designated by the UN as terrorist organizations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall encourage the release and reintegration of CAAFAG at all times and without precondition. There is no exception to this rule for children associated with armed groups that have been designated as terrorist by the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities established pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) or by any other state or regional body.No matter the armed group involved and no matter the age, status or conduct of the child, all relevant provisions of international law, including human rights, humanitarian, and refugee law. This includes all provisions and standards previously discussed, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocols, all standards for justice for children, the Paris Principles and Guidelines, where applicable, and the Geneva Conventions. As with all CAAFAG, children associated with designated terrorist groups shall be treated primarily as victims and be afforded their right to be released and provide them with the reintegration and other support described in this module without discrimination (Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Articles 6(3) and 7(1) and the Paris Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups (Articles 3.11-3.13).Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) \u201c[s]trongly condemns all violations of applicable international law involving the recruitment and use of children by parties to armed conflict as well as their re-recruitment\u2026\u201d and \u201c\u2026all other violations of international law, including international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, committed against children in situations of armed conflict and demands that all relevant parties immediately put an end to such practices and take special measures to protect children.\u201d (OP1) The Security Council also emphasizes the responsibility of states to end impunity \u201cfor genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious crimes perpetrated against children\u201d including their recruitment and use.17Children who have been recruited and used by terrorist groups are victims of violations of international law and have the same rights and protections as all children. Some children may also have committed crimes during their period of association. While children above the minimum age of criminal responsibility may be held accountable consistent with international law (see section 9.3), as victims of crime, these children should not face criminal charges for the mere fact of their association with a designated terrorist group or for activities that would not otherwise be criminal such as cooking, cleaning, or driving.18 Children whose parents, caregivers or family members are alleged to be associated with a designated terrorist group, also shall not be held accountable for the actions of their relatives nor shall they be excluded from measures or services that promote their physical and psychosocial recovery or reintegration.Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) stresses the need for States \u201cto pay particular attention to the treatment of children associated or allegedly associated with all non-state armed groups, including those who commit actors of terrorism, in particular by establishing standard operating procedures for the rapid handover of children to relevant civilian child protection actors\u201d (OP 19). It also urges Member States to mainstream child protection in all stages of DDR (OP24) and in security sector reforms (OP25), including through gender- and age-sensitive DDR processes, the establishment of child protection units in national security forces, and the strengthening of effective age assessment mechanisms to prevent underage recruitment. It stresses the importance of long-term sustainable reintegration for all boys and girls affected by armed conflict and working with communities to avoid stigmatization of children while facilitating their return in a way that enhances their wellbeing (OP 26).Children formerly under the control of UN designated terrorist groups, may be able to access refugee and asylum procedures depending on their individual situation and status (e.g., if they were forcibly recruited and trafficked across borders). All children and asylum seekers have a right to individual determinations to assess any claims they may have. For any child who asks for refugee or asylum status, the practitioner shall refer the child to the relevant UN entity or to a legal services provider. DDR practitioners shall not determine eligibility for asylum or refugee status.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1125, "Sentence":"It also urges Member States to mainstream child protection in all stages of DDR (OP24) and in security sector reforms (OP25), including through gender- and age-sensitive DDR processes, the establishment of child protection units in national security forces, and the strengthening of effective age assessment mechanisms to prevent underage recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR also urge member state mainstream child protection stage ddr op24 security sector reform op25 including gender agesensitive ddr process establishment child protection unit national security force strengthening effective age assessment mechanism prevent underage recruitment ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.4 Children associated with armed groups designated by the UN as terrorist organizations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall encourage the release and reintegration of CAAFAG at all times and without precondition. There is no exception to this rule for children associated with armed groups that have been designated as terrorist by the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities established pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) or by any other state or regional body.No matter the armed group involved and no matter the age, status or conduct of the child, all relevant provisions of international law, including human rights, humanitarian, and refugee law. This includes all provisions and standards previously discussed, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocols, all standards for justice for children, the Paris Principles and Guidelines, where applicable, and the Geneva Conventions. As with all CAAFAG, children associated with designated terrorist groups shall be treated primarily as victims and be afforded their right to be released and provide them with the reintegration and other support described in this module without discrimination (Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Articles 6(3) and 7(1) and the Paris Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups (Articles 3.11-3.13).Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) \u201c[s]trongly condemns all violations of applicable international law involving the recruitment and use of children by parties to armed conflict as well as their re-recruitment\u2026\u201d and \u201c\u2026all other violations of international law, including international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, committed against children in situations of armed conflict and demands that all relevant parties immediately put an end to such practices and take special measures to protect children.\u201d (OP1) The Security Council also emphasizes the responsibility of states to end impunity \u201cfor genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious crimes perpetrated against children\u201d including their recruitment and use.17Children who have been recruited and used by terrorist groups are victims of violations of international law and have the same rights and protections as all children. Some children may also have committed crimes during their period of association. While children above the minimum age of criminal responsibility may be held accountable consistent with international law (see section 9.3), as victims of crime, these children should not face criminal charges for the mere fact of their association with a designated terrorist group or for activities that would not otherwise be criminal such as cooking, cleaning, or driving.18 Children whose parents, caregivers or family members are alleged to be associated with a designated terrorist group, also shall not be held accountable for the actions of their relatives nor shall they be excluded from measures or services that promote their physical and psychosocial recovery or reintegration.Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) stresses the need for States \u201cto pay particular attention to the treatment of children associated or allegedly associated with all non-state armed groups, including those who commit actors of terrorism, in particular by establishing standard operating procedures for the rapid handover of children to relevant civilian child protection actors\u201d (OP 19). It also urges Member States to mainstream child protection in all stages of DDR (OP24) and in security sector reforms (OP25), including through gender- and age-sensitive DDR processes, the establishment of child protection units in national security forces, and the strengthening of effective age assessment mechanisms to prevent underage recruitment. It stresses the importance of long-term sustainable reintegration for all boys and girls affected by armed conflict and working with communities to avoid stigmatization of children while facilitating their return in a way that enhances their wellbeing (OP 26).Children formerly under the control of UN designated terrorist groups, may be able to access refugee and asylum procedures depending on their individual situation and status (e.g., if they were forcibly recruited and trafficked across borders). All children and asylum seekers have a right to individual determinations to assess any claims they may have. For any child who asks for refugee or asylum status, the practitioner shall refer the child to the relevant UN entity or to a legal services provider. DDR practitioners shall not determine eligibility for asylum or refugee status.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1125, "Sentence":"It stresses the importance of long-term sustainable reintegration for all boys and girls affected by armed conflict and working with communities to avoid stigmatization of children while facilitating their return in a way that enhances their wellbeing (OP 26).Children formerly under the control of UN designated terrorist groups, may be able to access refugee and asylum procedures depending on their individual situation and status (e.g., if they were forcibly recruited and trafficked across borders).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR stress importance longterm sustainable reintegration boy girl affected armed conflict working community avoid stigmatization child facilitating return way enhances wellbeing op 26.children formerly control un designated terrorist group may able access refugee asylum procedure depending individual situation status e.g . forcibly recruited trafficked across border ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.4 Children associated with armed groups designated by the UN as terrorist organizations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall encourage the release and reintegration of CAAFAG at all times and without precondition. There is no exception to this rule for children associated with armed groups that have been designated as terrorist by the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities established pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) or by any other state or regional body.No matter the armed group involved and no matter the age, status or conduct of the child, all relevant provisions of international law, including human rights, humanitarian, and refugee law. This includes all provisions and standards previously discussed, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocols, all standards for justice for children, the Paris Principles and Guidelines, where applicable, and the Geneva Conventions. As with all CAAFAG, children associated with designated terrorist groups shall be treated primarily as victims and be afforded their right to be released and provide them with the reintegration and other support described in this module without discrimination (Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Articles 6(3) and 7(1) and the Paris Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups (Articles 3.11-3.13).Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) \u201c[s]trongly condemns all violations of applicable international law involving the recruitment and use of children by parties to armed conflict as well as their re-recruitment\u2026\u201d and \u201c\u2026all other violations of international law, including international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, committed against children in situations of armed conflict and demands that all relevant parties immediately put an end to such practices and take special measures to protect children.\u201d (OP1) The Security Council also emphasizes the responsibility of states to end impunity \u201cfor genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious crimes perpetrated against children\u201d including their recruitment and use.17Children who have been recruited and used by terrorist groups are victims of violations of international law and have the same rights and protections as all children. Some children may also have committed crimes during their period of association. While children above the minimum age of criminal responsibility may be held accountable consistent with international law (see section 9.3), as victims of crime, these children should not face criminal charges for the mere fact of their association with a designated terrorist group or for activities that would not otherwise be criminal such as cooking, cleaning, or driving.18 Children whose parents, caregivers or family members are alleged to be associated with a designated terrorist group, also shall not be held accountable for the actions of their relatives nor shall they be excluded from measures or services that promote their physical and psychosocial recovery or reintegration.Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) stresses the need for States \u201cto pay particular attention to the treatment of children associated or allegedly associated with all non-state armed groups, including those who commit actors of terrorism, in particular by establishing standard operating procedures for the rapid handover of children to relevant civilian child protection actors\u201d (OP 19). It also urges Member States to mainstream child protection in all stages of DDR (OP24) and in security sector reforms (OP25), including through gender- and age-sensitive DDR processes, the establishment of child protection units in national security forces, and the strengthening of effective age assessment mechanisms to prevent underage recruitment. It stresses the importance of long-term sustainable reintegration for all boys and girls affected by armed conflict and working with communities to avoid stigmatization of children while facilitating their return in a way that enhances their wellbeing (OP 26).Children formerly under the control of UN designated terrorist groups, may be able to access refugee and asylum procedures depending on their individual situation and status (e.g., if they were forcibly recruited and trafficked across borders). All children and asylum seekers have a right to individual determinations to assess any claims they may have. For any child who asks for refugee or asylum status, the practitioner shall refer the child to the relevant UN entity or to a legal services provider. DDR practitioners shall not determine eligibility for asylum or refugee status.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1125, "Sentence":"All children and asylum seekers have a right to individual determinations to assess any claims they may have.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child asylum seeker right individual determination ass claim may ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.4 Children associated with armed groups designated by the UN as terrorist organizations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall encourage the release and reintegration of CAAFAG at all times and without precondition. There is no exception to this rule for children associated with armed groups that have been designated as terrorist by the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities established pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) or by any other state or regional body.No matter the armed group involved and no matter the age, status or conduct of the child, all relevant provisions of international law, including human rights, humanitarian, and refugee law. This includes all provisions and standards previously discussed, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocols, all standards for justice for children, the Paris Principles and Guidelines, where applicable, and the Geneva Conventions. As with all CAAFAG, children associated with designated terrorist groups shall be treated primarily as victims and be afforded their right to be released and provide them with the reintegration and other support described in this module without discrimination (Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Articles 6(3) and 7(1) and the Paris Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups (Articles 3.11-3.13).Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) \u201c[s]trongly condemns all violations of applicable international law involving the recruitment and use of children by parties to armed conflict as well as their re-recruitment\u2026\u201d and \u201c\u2026all other violations of international law, including international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, committed against children in situations of armed conflict and demands that all relevant parties immediately put an end to such practices and take special measures to protect children.\u201d (OP1) The Security Council also emphasizes the responsibility of states to end impunity \u201cfor genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious crimes perpetrated against children\u201d including their recruitment and use.17Children who have been recruited and used by terrorist groups are victims of violations of international law and have the same rights and protections as all children. Some children may also have committed crimes during their period of association. While children above the minimum age of criminal responsibility may be held accountable consistent with international law (see section 9.3), as victims of crime, these children should not face criminal charges for the mere fact of their association with a designated terrorist group or for activities that would not otherwise be criminal such as cooking, cleaning, or driving.18 Children whose parents, caregivers or family members are alleged to be associated with a designated terrorist group, also shall not be held accountable for the actions of their relatives nor shall they be excluded from measures or services that promote their physical and psychosocial recovery or reintegration.Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) stresses the need for States \u201cto pay particular attention to the treatment of children associated or allegedly associated with all non-state armed groups, including those who commit actors of terrorism, in particular by establishing standard operating procedures for the rapid handover of children to relevant civilian child protection actors\u201d (OP 19). It also urges Member States to mainstream child protection in all stages of DDR (OP24) and in security sector reforms (OP25), including through gender- and age-sensitive DDR processes, the establishment of child protection units in national security forces, and the strengthening of effective age assessment mechanisms to prevent underage recruitment. It stresses the importance of long-term sustainable reintegration for all boys and girls affected by armed conflict and working with communities to avoid stigmatization of children while facilitating their return in a way that enhances their wellbeing (OP 26).Children formerly under the control of UN designated terrorist groups, may be able to access refugee and asylum procedures depending on their individual situation and status (e.g., if they were forcibly recruited and trafficked across borders). All children and asylum seekers have a right to individual determinations to assess any claims they may have. For any child who asks for refugee or asylum status, the practitioner shall refer the child to the relevant UN entity or to a legal services provider. DDR practitioners shall not determine eligibility for asylum or refugee status.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1125, "Sentence":"For any child who asks for refugee or asylum status, the practitioner shall refer the child to the relevant UN entity or to a legal services provider.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child asks refugee asylum status practitioner shall refer child relevant un entity legal service provider ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.4 Children associated with armed groups designated by the UN as terrorist organizations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall encourage the release and reintegration of CAAFAG at all times and without precondition. There is no exception to this rule for children associated with armed groups that have been designated as terrorist by the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities established pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) or by any other state or regional body.No matter the armed group involved and no matter the age, status or conduct of the child, all relevant provisions of international law, including human rights, humanitarian, and refugee law. This includes all provisions and standards previously discussed, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocols, all standards for justice for children, the Paris Principles and Guidelines, where applicable, and the Geneva Conventions. As with all CAAFAG, children associated with designated terrorist groups shall be treated primarily as victims and be afforded their right to be released and provide them with the reintegration and other support described in this module without discrimination (Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Articles 6(3) and 7(1) and the Paris Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups (Articles 3.11-3.13).Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) \u201c[s]trongly condemns all violations of applicable international law involving the recruitment and use of children by parties to armed conflict as well as their re-recruitment\u2026\u201d and \u201c\u2026all other violations of international law, including international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, committed against children in situations of armed conflict and demands that all relevant parties immediately put an end to such practices and take special measures to protect children.\u201d (OP1) The Security Council also emphasizes the responsibility of states to end impunity \u201cfor genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious crimes perpetrated against children\u201d including their recruitment and use.17Children who have been recruited and used by terrorist groups are victims of violations of international law and have the same rights and protections as all children. Some children may also have committed crimes during their period of association. While children above the minimum age of criminal responsibility may be held accountable consistent with international law (see section 9.3), as victims of crime, these children should not face criminal charges for the mere fact of their association with a designated terrorist group or for activities that would not otherwise be criminal such as cooking, cleaning, or driving.18 Children whose parents, caregivers or family members are alleged to be associated with a designated terrorist group, also shall not be held accountable for the actions of their relatives nor shall they be excluded from measures or services that promote their physical and psychosocial recovery or reintegration.Security Council resolution 2427 (2018) stresses the need for States \u201cto pay particular attention to the treatment of children associated or allegedly associated with all non-state armed groups, including those who commit actors of terrorism, in particular by establishing standard operating procedures for the rapid handover of children to relevant civilian child protection actors\u201d (OP 19). It also urges Member States to mainstream child protection in all stages of DDR (OP24) and in security sector reforms (OP25), including through gender- and age-sensitive DDR processes, the establishment of child protection units in national security forces, and the strengthening of effective age assessment mechanisms to prevent underage recruitment. It stresses the importance of long-term sustainable reintegration for all boys and girls affected by armed conflict and working with communities to avoid stigmatization of children while facilitating their return in a way that enhances their wellbeing (OP 26).Children formerly under the control of UN designated terrorist groups, may be able to access refugee and asylum procedures depending on their individual situation and status (e.g., if they were forcibly recruited and trafficked across borders). All children and asylum seekers have a right to individual determinations to assess any claims they may have. For any child who asks for refugee or asylum status, the practitioner shall refer the child to the relevant UN entity or to a legal services provider. DDR practitioners shall not determine eligibility for asylum or refugee status.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1125, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall not determine eligibility for asylum or refugee status.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ddr practitioner shall determine eligibility asylum refugee status ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.4 Children associated with armed groups designated by the UN as terrorist organizations", "Heading3":"9.4.1 Justice for children allegedly accused of terrorism-related offences", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"Consistent with Article 40 of the CRC, any child suspected, accused, or convicted of having committed a terrorism-related offence or an offence against national security has the right to be treated in a manner consistent with international law and standards, including juvenile justice standards: \u201cProcedures employed should promote the child\u2019s dignity and worth and reinforce the child\u2019s respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others. It should take into account the child\u2019s age and the desirability of promoting the child\u2019s reintegration and the child\u2019s assuming a constructive role in society.\u201d19 In addition, if a state seeks to hold a child accountable for criminal acts alleged to have been committed while under the control of an armed group, courts and service providers should account for the child\u2019s experience and the coercive environment under which the child was living or forced to act when determining both criminal responsibility and the services or support that a child may need. In all decisions, the child\u2019s best interests shall be a primary consideration, \u201ceven when the child\u2019s interests may conflict with the State\u2019s perceived security interests.\u201d20Any child allegedly associated with an armed group should be treated primarily as a victim. In this regard, irrespective of considerations of their legal responsibility with regard to any alleged offence defined as terrorist and\/or a threat to national security under national legislation, children shall be afforded the rights set forth by the international legal framework related to child victims. Any child associated with an armed group and who is or has been suspected, charged or convicted of a terrorism related offence or is deprived of his or her liberty as a result, shall be treated in accordance with international law and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards, including the right to legal representation and the right to appeal. In case such a child is released from detention, the child shall be provided with required reintegration assistance and be part of the overall reintegration programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1126, "Sentence":"Consistent with Article 40 of the CRC, any child suspected, accused, or convicted of having committed a terrorism-related offence or an offence against national security has the right to be treated in a manner consistent with international law and standards, including juvenile justice standards: \u201cProcedures employed should promote the child\u2019s dignity and worth and reinforce the child\u2019s respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR consistent article 40 crc child suspected accused convicted committed terrorismrelated offence offence national security right treated manner consistent international law standard including juvenile justice standard \u201c procedure employed promote child \u2019 dignity worth reinforce child \u2019 respect human right fundamental freedom others ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.4 Children associated with armed groups designated by the UN as terrorist organizations", "Heading3":"9.4.1 Justice for children allegedly accused of terrorism-related offences", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"Consistent with Article 40 of the CRC, any child suspected, accused, or convicted of having committed a terrorism-related offence or an offence against national security has the right to be treated in a manner consistent with international law and standards, including juvenile justice standards: \u201cProcedures employed should promote the child\u2019s dignity and worth and reinforce the child\u2019s respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others. It should take into account the child\u2019s age and the desirability of promoting the child\u2019s reintegration and the child\u2019s assuming a constructive role in society.\u201d19 In addition, if a state seeks to hold a child accountable for criminal acts alleged to have been committed while under the control of an armed group, courts and service providers should account for the child\u2019s experience and the coercive environment under which the child was living or forced to act when determining both criminal responsibility and the services or support that a child may need. In all decisions, the child\u2019s best interests shall be a primary consideration, \u201ceven when the child\u2019s interests may conflict with the State\u2019s perceived security interests.\u201d20Any child allegedly associated with an armed group should be treated primarily as a victim. In this regard, irrespective of considerations of their legal responsibility with regard to any alleged offence defined as terrorist and\/or a threat to national security under national legislation, children shall be afforded the rights set forth by the international legal framework related to child victims. Any child associated with an armed group and who is or has been suspected, charged or convicted of a terrorism related offence or is deprived of his or her liberty as a result, shall be treated in accordance with international law and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards, including the right to legal representation and the right to appeal. In case such a child is released from detention, the child shall be provided with required reintegration assistance and be part of the overall reintegration programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1126, "Sentence":"It should take into account the child\u2019s age and the desirability of promoting the child\u2019s reintegration and the child\u2019s assuming a constructive role in society.\u201d19 In addition, if a state seeks to hold a child accountable for criminal acts alleged to have been committed while under the control of an armed group, courts and service providers should account for the child\u2019s experience and the coercive environment under which the child was living or forced to act when determining both criminal responsibility and the services or support that a child may need.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR take account child \u2019 age desirability promoting child \u2019 reintegration child \u2019 assuming constructive role society. \u201d 19 addition state seek hold child accountable criminal act alleged committed control armed group court service provider account child \u2019 experience coercive environment child living forced act determining criminal responsibility service support child may need ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.4 Children associated with armed groups designated by the UN as terrorist organizations", "Heading3":"9.4.1 Justice for children allegedly accused of terrorism-related offences", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"Consistent with Article 40 of the CRC, any child suspected, accused, or convicted of having committed a terrorism-related offence or an offence against national security has the right to be treated in a manner consistent with international law and standards, including juvenile justice standards: \u201cProcedures employed should promote the child\u2019s dignity and worth and reinforce the child\u2019s respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others. It should take into account the child\u2019s age and the desirability of promoting the child\u2019s reintegration and the child\u2019s assuming a constructive role in society.\u201d19 In addition, if a state seeks to hold a child accountable for criminal acts alleged to have been committed while under the control of an armed group, courts and service providers should account for the child\u2019s experience and the coercive environment under which the child was living or forced to act when determining both criminal responsibility and the services or support that a child may need. In all decisions, the child\u2019s best interests shall be a primary consideration, \u201ceven when the child\u2019s interests may conflict with the State\u2019s perceived security interests.\u201d20Any child allegedly associated with an armed group should be treated primarily as a victim. In this regard, irrespective of considerations of their legal responsibility with regard to any alleged offence defined as terrorist and\/or a threat to national security under national legislation, children shall be afforded the rights set forth by the international legal framework related to child victims. Any child associated with an armed group and who is or has been suspected, charged or convicted of a terrorism related offence or is deprived of his or her liberty as a result, shall be treated in accordance with international law and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards, including the right to legal representation and the right to appeal. In case such a child is released from detention, the child shall be provided with required reintegration assistance and be part of the overall reintegration programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1126, "Sentence":"In all decisions, the child\u2019s best interests shall be a primary consideration, \u201ceven when the child\u2019s interests may conflict with the State\u2019s perceived security interests.\u201d20Any child allegedly associated with an armed group should be treated primarily as a victim.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR decision child \u2019 best interest shall primary consideration \u201c even child \u2019 interest may conflict state \u2019 perceived security interests. \u201d 20any child allegedly associated armed group treated primarily victim ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.4 Children associated with armed groups designated by the UN as terrorist organizations", "Heading3":"9.4.1 Justice for children allegedly accused of terrorism-related offences", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"Consistent with Article 40 of the CRC, any child suspected, accused, or convicted of having committed a terrorism-related offence or an offence against national security has the right to be treated in a manner consistent with international law and standards, including juvenile justice standards: \u201cProcedures employed should promote the child\u2019s dignity and worth and reinforce the child\u2019s respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others. It should take into account the child\u2019s age and the desirability of promoting the child\u2019s reintegration and the child\u2019s assuming a constructive role in society.\u201d19 In addition, if a state seeks to hold a child accountable for criminal acts alleged to have been committed while under the control of an armed group, courts and service providers should account for the child\u2019s experience and the coercive environment under which the child was living or forced to act when determining both criminal responsibility and the services or support that a child may need. In all decisions, the child\u2019s best interests shall be a primary consideration, \u201ceven when the child\u2019s interests may conflict with the State\u2019s perceived security interests.\u201d20Any child allegedly associated with an armed group should be treated primarily as a victim. In this regard, irrespective of considerations of their legal responsibility with regard to any alleged offence defined as terrorist and\/or a threat to national security under national legislation, children shall be afforded the rights set forth by the international legal framework related to child victims. Any child associated with an armed group and who is or has been suspected, charged or convicted of a terrorism related offence or is deprived of his or her liberty as a result, shall be treated in accordance with international law and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards, including the right to legal representation and the right to appeal. In case such a child is released from detention, the child shall be provided with required reintegration assistance and be part of the overall reintegration programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1126, "Sentence":"In this regard, irrespective of considerations of their legal responsibility with regard to any alleged offence defined as terrorist and\/or a threat to national security under national legislation, children shall be afforded the rights set forth by the international legal framework related to child victims.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR regard irrespective consideration legal responsibility regard alleged offence defined terrorist and\/or threat national security national legislation child shall afforded right set forth international legal framework related child victim ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.4 Children associated with armed groups designated by the UN as terrorist organizations", "Heading3":"9.4.1 Justice for children allegedly accused of terrorism-related offences", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"Consistent with Article 40 of the CRC, any child suspected, accused, or convicted of having committed a terrorism-related offence or an offence against national security has the right to be treated in a manner consistent with international law and standards, including juvenile justice standards: \u201cProcedures employed should promote the child\u2019s dignity and worth and reinforce the child\u2019s respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others. It should take into account the child\u2019s age and the desirability of promoting the child\u2019s reintegration and the child\u2019s assuming a constructive role in society.\u201d19 In addition, if a state seeks to hold a child accountable for criminal acts alleged to have been committed while under the control of an armed group, courts and service providers should account for the child\u2019s experience and the coercive environment under which the child was living or forced to act when determining both criminal responsibility and the services or support that a child may need. In all decisions, the child\u2019s best interests shall be a primary consideration, \u201ceven when the child\u2019s interests may conflict with the State\u2019s perceived security interests.\u201d20Any child allegedly associated with an armed group should be treated primarily as a victim. In this regard, irrespective of considerations of their legal responsibility with regard to any alleged offence defined as terrorist and\/or a threat to national security under national legislation, children shall be afforded the rights set forth by the international legal framework related to child victims. Any child associated with an armed group and who is or has been suspected, charged or convicted of a terrorism related offence or is deprived of his or her liberty as a result, shall be treated in accordance with international law and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards, including the right to legal representation and the right to appeal. In case such a child is released from detention, the child shall be provided with required reintegration assistance and be part of the overall reintegration programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1126, "Sentence":"Any child associated with an armed group and who is or has been suspected, charged or convicted of a terrorism related offence or is deprived of his or her liberty as a result, shall be treated in accordance with international law and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards, including the right to legal representation and the right to appeal.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child associated armed group suspected charged convicted terrorism related offence deprived liberty result shall treated accordance international law internationally recognized juvenile justice standard including right legal representation right appeal ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.4 Children associated with armed groups designated by the UN as terrorist organizations", "Heading3":"9.4.1 Justice for children allegedly accused of terrorism-related offences", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"Consistent with Article 40 of the CRC, any child suspected, accused, or convicted of having committed a terrorism-related offence or an offence against national security has the right to be treated in a manner consistent with international law and standards, including juvenile justice standards: \u201cProcedures employed should promote the child\u2019s dignity and worth and reinforce the child\u2019s respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others. It should take into account the child\u2019s age and the desirability of promoting the child\u2019s reintegration and the child\u2019s assuming a constructive role in society.\u201d19 In addition, if a state seeks to hold a child accountable for criminal acts alleged to have been committed while under the control of an armed group, courts and service providers should account for the child\u2019s experience and the coercive environment under which the child was living or forced to act when determining both criminal responsibility and the services or support that a child may need. In all decisions, the child\u2019s best interests shall be a primary consideration, \u201ceven when the child\u2019s interests may conflict with the State\u2019s perceived security interests.\u201d20Any child allegedly associated with an armed group should be treated primarily as a victim. In this regard, irrespective of considerations of their legal responsibility with regard to any alleged offence defined as terrorist and\/or a threat to national security under national legislation, children shall be afforded the rights set forth by the international legal framework related to child victims. Any child associated with an armed group and who is or has been suspected, charged or convicted of a terrorism related offence or is deprived of his or her liberty as a result, shall be treated in accordance with international law and internationally recognized juvenile justice standards, including the right to legal representation and the right to appeal. In case such a child is released from detention, the child shall be provided with required reintegration assistance and be part of the overall reintegration programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1126, "Sentence":"In case such a child is released from detention, the child shall be provided with required reintegration assistance and be part of the overall reintegration programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR case child released detention child shall provided required reintegration assistance part overall reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.5 Collecting testimonies from children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"As with all decisions involving children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration when determining if a child should give information or testimony; however, under no circumstances shall a child be compelled to give testimony or a statement against himself or herself. Protective rules shall be established when collecting testimonies from children through justice mechanisms, a truth and reconciliation commission or the International Criminal Court. It is essential to protect the identity of child witnesses, to not require children to relive traumatic experiences as they testify, and to make it clear in criminal cases that their testimony may or may not succeed in convicting the accused, so that they do not have unrealistic expectations. Social support, such as psychological support, to facilitate this engagement should be provided at all times according to specific needs. Testimonies shall only be gathered once the child has given informed consent. The process should be explained in child-friendly language (in the language of the child), and, where possible, and if not contrary to the child\u2019s best interest, a parent or guardian should support the child in giving informed consent.21", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1127, "Sentence":"As with all decisions involving children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration when determining if a child should give information or testimony; however, under no circumstances shall a child be compelled to give testimony or a statement against himself or herself.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR decision involving child best interest child shall primary consideration determining child give information testimony however circumstance shall child compelled give testimony statement ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.5 Collecting testimonies from children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"As with all decisions involving children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration when determining if a child should give information or testimony; however, under no circumstances shall a child be compelled to give testimony or a statement against himself or herself. Protective rules shall be established when collecting testimonies from children through justice mechanisms, a truth and reconciliation commission or the International Criminal Court. It is essential to protect the identity of child witnesses, to not require children to relive traumatic experiences as they testify, and to make it clear in criminal cases that their testimony may or may not succeed in convicting the accused, so that they do not have unrealistic expectations. Social support, such as psychological support, to facilitate this engagement should be provided at all times according to specific needs. Testimonies shall only be gathered once the child has given informed consent. The process should be explained in child-friendly language (in the language of the child), and, where possible, and if not contrary to the child\u2019s best interest, a parent or guardian should support the child in giving informed consent.21", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1127, "Sentence":"Protective rules shall be established when collecting testimonies from children through justice mechanisms, a truth and reconciliation commission or the International Criminal Court.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR protective rule shall established collecting testimony child justice mechanism truth reconciliation commission international criminal court ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.5 Collecting testimonies from children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"As with all decisions involving children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration when determining if a child should give information or testimony; however, under no circumstances shall a child be compelled to give testimony or a statement against himself or herself. Protective rules shall be established when collecting testimonies from children through justice mechanisms, a truth and reconciliation commission or the International Criminal Court. It is essential to protect the identity of child witnesses, to not require children to relive traumatic experiences as they testify, and to make it clear in criminal cases that their testimony may or may not succeed in convicting the accused, so that they do not have unrealistic expectations. Social support, such as psychological support, to facilitate this engagement should be provided at all times according to specific needs. Testimonies shall only be gathered once the child has given informed consent. The process should be explained in child-friendly language (in the language of the child), and, where possible, and if not contrary to the child\u2019s best interest, a parent or guardian should support the child in giving informed consent.21", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1127, "Sentence":"It is essential to protect the identity of child witnesses, to not require children to relive traumatic experiences as they testify, and to make it clear in criminal cases that their testimony may or may not succeed in convicting the accused, so that they do not have unrealistic expectations.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR essential protect identity child witness require child relive traumatic experience testify make clear criminal case testimony may may succeed convicting accused unrealistic expectation ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.5 Collecting testimonies from children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"As with all decisions involving children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration when determining if a child should give information or testimony; however, under no circumstances shall a child be compelled to give testimony or a statement against himself or herself. Protective rules shall be established when collecting testimonies from children through justice mechanisms, a truth and reconciliation commission or the International Criminal Court. It is essential to protect the identity of child witnesses, to not require children to relive traumatic experiences as they testify, and to make it clear in criminal cases that their testimony may or may not succeed in convicting the accused, so that they do not have unrealistic expectations. Social support, such as psychological support, to facilitate this engagement should be provided at all times according to specific needs. Testimonies shall only be gathered once the child has given informed consent. The process should be explained in child-friendly language (in the language of the child), and, where possible, and if not contrary to the child\u2019s best interest, a parent or guardian should support the child in giving informed consent.21", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1127, "Sentence":"Social support, such as psychological support, to facilitate this engagement should be provided at all times according to specific needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR social support psychological support facilitate engagement provided time according specific need ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.5 Collecting testimonies from children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"As with all decisions involving children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration when determining if a child should give information or testimony; however, under no circumstances shall a child be compelled to give testimony or a statement against himself or herself. Protective rules shall be established when collecting testimonies from children through justice mechanisms, a truth and reconciliation commission or the International Criminal Court. It is essential to protect the identity of child witnesses, to not require children to relive traumatic experiences as they testify, and to make it clear in criminal cases that their testimony may or may not succeed in convicting the accused, so that they do not have unrealistic expectations. Social support, such as psychological support, to facilitate this engagement should be provided at all times according to specific needs. Testimonies shall only be gathered once the child has given informed consent. The process should be explained in child-friendly language (in the language of the child), and, where possible, and if not contrary to the child\u2019s best interest, a parent or guardian should support the child in giving informed consent.21", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1127, "Sentence":"Testimonies shall only be gathered once the child has given informed consent.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR testimony shall gathered child given informed consent ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Criminal responsibility and accountability", "Heading2":"9.5 Collecting testimonies from children", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"As with all decisions involving children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration when determining if a child should give information or testimony; however, under no circumstances shall a child be compelled to give testimony or a statement against himself or herself. Protective rules shall be established when collecting testimonies from children through justice mechanisms, a truth and reconciliation commission or the International Criminal Court. It is essential to protect the identity of child witnesses, to not require children to relive traumatic experiences as they testify, and to make it clear in criminal cases that their testimony may or may not succeed in convicting the accused, so that they do not have unrealistic expectations. Social support, such as psychological support, to facilitate this engagement should be provided at all times according to specific needs. Testimonies shall only be gathered once the child has given informed consent. The process should be explained in child-friendly language (in the language of the child), and, where possible, and if not contrary to the child\u2019s best interest, a parent or guardian should support the child in giving informed consent.21", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1127, "Sentence":"The process should be explained in child-friendly language (in the language of the child), and, where possible, and if not contrary to the child\u2019s best interest, a parent or guardian should support the child in giving informed consent.21", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR process explained childfriendly language language child possible contrary child \u2019 best interest parent guardian support child giving informed consent.21" }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR often child civil registration document showing birth age ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR however breach international humanitarian law human right law international criminal law recruit child 15 year old anywhere allow child take part hostility child entitled special protection support may important determine whether individual age 18 ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR reintegration child ddr generally designed ensure appropriate support child age 18 difference definition regardless legal age recruitment definition age child locally.it important manage identification separation child adult coordinated way demobilization throughout ddr ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR failure may lead serious unintended consequence rerecruitment child child claiming adult adult claiming children.to determine child \u2019 age following general principle n doubt assume person 18 ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n identification take place early possible allow access ageappropriate service ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n Identification must occur before disarmament.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n identification must occur disarmament ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n child protection actor given access disarmament site identify child ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n child immediately informed entitled support le likely try identify adults.considerations n interview confidential ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n identification child take place identification process ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n child required show use weapon may used noncombat role ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n negotiation child counted number armed force group avoid incentivizing child recruitment inflate number ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n role person play armed group effect determination whether person child.for practitioner handling demobilization age assessment technical note 2013 give detailed information age determination includes following core standard n 1 age assessment requested best interest child ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n 2 child given relevant information age assessment procedure n 3 informed consent must sought person whose age assessed assessment begin ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n 4 age assessment measure last resort initiated serious doubt person \u2019 age exists ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n 5 age assessment applied without discrimination ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n 6 unaccompanied separated child guardian appointed support age assessment procedure ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n 7 assessment must follow least intrusive method upholds dignity physical integrity child time gender culturally appropriate n 8 margin error margin applied favour child ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n 9 age assessment take holistic approach ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n 10 mean challenging age determination exist child wish contest outcome assessment ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n 11 age assessment undertaken independent appropriately skilled practitioners.the checklist determine age includes nn preprocedure n undertake age assessment relevant actor serious doubt stated age child ensure assessment initiated routine standard procedure ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"Is the procedure really necessary?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR procedure really necessary" }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n plan physical examination measure last resort take place attempt e.g . gathering documentary evidence interviewing child etc . failed establish age ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR physical examination method assessing age" }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n secure informed consent conduct age assessment child guardian ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR extremely unlikely genuine informed consent forthcoming time \u2018 crisis \u2019 consent sought child time recover traumatic unsettling episode \u2013 may take considerable time instance ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR circumstance consent used person person considered child ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child given informed consent physical examination" }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR nn procedure n conduct age assessment procedure using multidisciplinary approach draw range appropriately skilled professional solely physical examination ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR range approach used age assessment" }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n selecting professional conduct age assessment select without vested interest outcome independent agency actor would provide service support child would become responsible child assessed child ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR professional engaged assessment independent" }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n subject wish child support throughout process assessment including informing child language understands providing guardian legal representative accompany entire process ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"Is the child supported throughout the process?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child supported throughout process" }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n develop conduct age assessment process culturally gender sensitive way using practitioner fully familiar child \u2019 cultural ethnic background ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR assessment sensitive cultural gender need" }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n protect child \u2019 bodily integrity dignity every stage process ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR process free humiliation discrimination affront" }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n conduct age assessment environment safe child support need child appropriate ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR process consistent child safeguarding principle childfriendly" }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR nn post procedure n provide service support relevant outcome assessment without delay ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR service support required address person \u2019 identified need" }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n doubt remains age child ensure applied advantage child ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR doubt child \u2019 age resolved favor child" }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n promptly reasonably practical explain outcome consequence outcome child ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"Have the outcome and its consequences been explained?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR outcome consequence explained" }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"\\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n inform child way challenge decision disagree ." }, { "ID":73, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Determining a child\u2019s age", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Often children do not have civil registration documents showing their birth or age. However, because it is a breach of international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law to recruit children under 15 years old anywhere, and to allow any child to take part in hostilities, and because children are entitled to special protections and support, it may be important to determine whether an individual is below age 18. Reintegration and child DDR generally are designed to ensure appropriate support to children under age 18, with no difference in definition, and regardless of the legal age of recruitment or other definitions or age of a child locally.It is important to manage the identification and separation of children from adults in a coordinated way during demobilization, and throughout DDR. Failure to do so may lead to serious unintended consequences, such as the re-recruitment of children, children claiming to be adults, and adults claiming to be children.To determine a child\u2019s age, the following are general principles: \\n If in doubt, assume the person is below 18. \\n Identification should take place as early as possible to allow them to access age-appropriate services. \\n Identification must occur before disarmament. \\n A child protection actor should be given access to disarmament sites to identify children. \\n Children should be immediately informed that they are entitled to support so that they are less likely to try to identify as adults.Considerations: \\n Interviews should be confidential. \\n Identification of children should take place before any other identification processes. \\n Children should be required to show that they can use a weapon (this is because they may have been used in a non-combat role). \\n During negotiations, children should not be counted in the number of armed forces or group (this is to avoid incentivizing child recruitment to inflate numbers). \\n The role that a person plays in the armed group should have no effect of the determination of whether the person is a child.For practitioners who are handling demobilization, Age Assessment: A Technical Note (2013) gives more detailed information on age determinations and includes the following core standards: \\n 1) An age assessment should only be requested when it is in the best interests of the child. \\n 2) Children should be given relevant information about the age assessment procedure \\n 3) Informed consent must be sought from the person whose age is being assessed before the assessment begins. \\n 4) Age assessments should only be a measure of last resort and be initiated only if a serious doubt about the person\u2019s age exists. \\n 5) Age assessments should be applied without discrimination. \\n 6) An unaccompanied or separated child should have a guardian appointed to support them through the age assessment procedure. \\n 7) Assessments must follow the least intrusive method, which upholds the dignity and physical integrity of the child at all times, and be gender and culturally appropriate \\n 8) Where there is a margin of error, this margin should be applied in favour of the child. \\n 9) Age assessments should take an holistic approach. \\n 10) A means of challenging the age determination should exist if the child wishes to contest the outcome of the assessment. \\n 11) Age assessments should only be undertaken by independent and appropriately skilled practitioners.The checklist to determine the age includes: \\n\\n Pre-procedure: \\n Undertake an age assessment only when relevant actors have serious doubts about the stated age of the child; ensure that the assessment is not being initiated as a routine or standard procedure. Is the procedure really necessary? \\n Plan any physical examination only as a measure of last resort to take place only when all other attempts e.g., the gathering of documentary evidence, interviewing the child, etc., have failed to establish age. Is a physical examination the only method of assessing age? \\n Secure informed consent to conduct the age assessment from the child or the guardian. It is extremely unlikely that genuine informed consent can be forthcoming at a time of \u2018crisis\u2019 and consent should only be sought when a child has had time to recover from traumatic or unsettling episodes \u2013 this may take considerable time in some instances. In circumstances where there is no consent, it cannot be used against the person and the person should be considered a child. Has the child given informed consent to a physical examination? \\n\\n During the Procedure \\n Conduct any age assessment procedure using a multi-disciplinary approach that draws on a range of appropriately skilled professionals and not solely on a physical examination. Is a range of approaches being used in the age assessment? \\n When selecting professionals to conduct an age assessment, select only those without a vested interest in the outcome, and who are independent from any agencies and actors that would provide services or support to the child or who would become responsible for the child if they are assessed as being a child. Are the professionals engaged in the assessment independent? \\n Subject to the wishes of the child, support him or her throughout the process of assessment, including by informing the child in a language he or she understands, and providing a guardian, legal or other representative to accompany them during the entire process. Is the child supported throughout the process? \\n Develop and conduct the age assessment process in a culturally and gender sensitive way using practitioners who are fully familiar with the child\u2019s cultural and ethnic background. Is the assessment sensitive to cultural and gender needs? \\n Protect the child\u2019s bodily integrity and dignity at every stage of the process. Is the process free from humiliation, discrimination, or other affront? \\n Conduct the age assessment in an environment that is safe for children, which supports their needs and is child appropriate. Is the process consistent with child safeguarding principles and child-friendly? \\n\\n Post procedure \\n Provide any services and support relevant to the outcome of the assessment without delay. What services and support are required to address the person\u2019s identified needs? \\n If any doubt remains about the age of the child, ensure that this is applied to the advantage of the child. Has any doubt about the child\u2019s age been resolved in favor of the child? \\n As promptly as is reasonably practical, explain the outcome and the consequences of the outcome to the child. Have the outcome and its consequences been explained? \\n Inform the child of the ways that he or she can challenge a decision which they disagree with. Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1128, "Sentence":"Has the child been informed of his or her rights to challenge the decision?", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child informed right challenge decision" }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR interim care centre icc sometimes referred transit centre necessary step ddr situation ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR indeed view many protection agency icc may delay reunification child family community happen soon possible ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR nevertheless circumstance immediate reunification support occur others centre provide protected temporary environment family reunification.other advantage icc include provide necessary space time carry family tracing verification provide secure space otherwise insecure context reunification gradual reunification necessary allow medical support including psychosocial support provided provide additional time child cut link military provide opportunity predischarge awareness raising\/sensitization.guiding principle implementation strategy n decision open centre based following condition level insecurity community origin n level success tracing child \u2019 family primary caregiver n level medical assistance followup required integration n level immediate psychosocial support required reintegration.management guideline interim care centre nn following management guideline apply n child protection specialist military actor manage centre ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"\\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n child stay limited amount time icc documentation monitoring system established ensure length stay brief week month ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"\\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n end stay family reunification feasible provision made child cared way foster family extended family network etc .." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR system established protect child abuse code conduct drawn applied ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR adequate number male female staff available deal differing need boy girl ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"\\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n staff trained prevention response genderbased violence exploitation involving child norm confidentiality child psychosocial development tracing reunification ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"\\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n icc accommodate child 18 ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR flexibility considered based best interest child e.g . relation girl mother infant child medical ground casebycase basis ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR addition young child 14 separated adolescent order avoid risk older child abusing younger one ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"\\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n sanitation accommodation facility separate girl boy sensitive need infant girl mother ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"\\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n icc located safe distance conflict recruitment area external access centre controlled ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"(For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.)", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR example entry adult combatant fighter medium disruptive expose child additional risk ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR security provided peacekeeper neutral forces.activity guideline nn tracing verification reunification monitoring carried ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"\\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ntemporary care take place within communitybased tracing reintegration programme assist return child community including community outreach encourage protection development waraffected child general ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR experience showed care offered centre present risk child becoming \u2018 institutionalized \u2019 dependent ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"\\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR nhealth checkup specialized health service provided necessary e.g . reproductive health antenatal service diagnosis sexually transmitted infection voluntary confidential hiv testing appropriate psychosocial support health care nutritional deficiency warrelated injury ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"\\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR nbasic psychosocial counselling provided including help overcome trauma develop selfesteem life skill ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"\\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ninformation guidance provided reintegration opportunity available ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"\\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR nactivities focus restoring social norm routine civilian life age genderappropriate sport cultural recreational activity provided ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"\\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ncommunity sensitization carried child \u2019 arrival ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"\\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR nformal education training activity provided icc however literacy testing conducted ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"\\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR ncommunities near icc sensitized icc \u2019 role ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust.", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR child centre encouraged participate community activity encourage trust ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR temporary care peace education part everyday life well formal programme cover key principle objective value related nonviolent resolution conflict.additional resource n united nation guideline alternative care a\/res\/64\/142 24 feb 2010 n care emergency toolkit interagency working group unaccompanied separated child 2013 ." }, { "ID":74, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.20-Children-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Management guidelines for interim care centres", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Children and DDR", "PageNum":51, "Paragraph":"Interim care centres (ICCs), sometimes referred to as transit centres, are not a necessary step in all DDR situations. Indeed, in the view of many protection agencies, an ICC may delay the reunification of children with their families and communities, which should happen as soon as possible. Nevertheless, while in some circumstances immediate reunification and support can occur, in others a centre can provide a protected temporary environment before family reunification.Other advantages to ICCs include that they provide the necessary space and time to carry out family tracing and verification; they provide a secure space in an otherwise insecure context before reunification, and gradual reunification when necessary; they allow medical support, including psychosocial support, to be provided; they provide additional time to children to cut their links with the military; and they provide an opportunity for pre-discharge awareness- raising\/sensitization.Guiding principles and implementation strategies \\n The decision to open a centre should be based on the following conditions: The level of insecurity in community of origin; \\n The level of success in tracing the child\u2019s family or primary caregiver; \\n The level of medical assistance and follow-up required before integration; and \\n The level of immediate psychosocial support required before reintegration.Management guidelines for Interim Care Centres \\n\\n The following management guidelines apply: \\n Child protection specialists, not military or other actors should manage the centres. \\n Children should only stay a limited amount of time in ICCs, and documentation and monitoring systems should be established to ensure that the length of stay is brief (weeks not months). \\n At the end of their stay, if family reunification is not feasible, provision should be made for children to be cared for in other ways (in foster families, extended family networks, etc.). Systems should be established to protect children from abuse, and a code of conduct should be drawn up and applied. An adequate number of male and female staff should be available to deal with the differing needs of boys and girls. \\n Staff should be trained in prevention of and response to gender-based violence and exploitation involving children, norms of confidentiality, child psychosocial development, tracing and reunification. \\n ICCs should only accommodate children under 18. Some flexibility can be considered, based on the best interests of the child, e.g., in relation to girl mothers with infants and children or on medical grounds, on a case-by-case basis. In addition, young children (under 14) should be separated from adolescents in order to avoid any risk of older children abusing younger ones. \\n Sanitation and accommodation facilities should separate girls from boys and be sensitive to the needs of infants and girl mothers. \\n ICCs should be located at a safe distance from conflict and recruitment areas; external access to the centre should be controlled. (For example, entry of adult combatants and fighters and the media can be disruptive, and can expose children to additional risks.) Security should be provided by peacekeepers or neutral forces.Activity guidelines \\n\\n Tracing, verification, reunification and monitoring should be carried out. \\nTemporary care should take place within a community-based tracing and reintegration programme to assist the return of children to their communities (including community outreach), and to encourage the protection and development of war-affected children in general. Experience has showed that when only care is offered, centres present a risk of children becoming \u2018institutionalized\u2019 and dependent. \\nHealth check-ups and specialized health services should be provided when necessary (e.g., reproductive health and antenatal services, diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, voluntary and confidential HIV testing with appropriate psychosocial support, and health care for nutritional deficiencies and war-related injuries). \\nBasic psychosocial counselling should be provided, including help to overcome trauma and develop self-esteem and life skills. \\nInformation and guidance should be provided on the reintegration opportunities available. \\nActivities should focus on restoring the social norms and routines of civilian life; age- and gender-appropriate sports, cultural and recreational activities should be provided. \\nCommunity sensitization should be carried out before the child\u2019s arrival. \\nFormal education or training activities should not be provided at the ICC; however, literacy testing can be conducted. \\nCommunities near the ICC should be sensitized about the ICC\u2019s role. Children in the centres should be encouraged to participate in community activities to encourage trust. During temporary care, peace education should be part of everyday life as well as the formal programmes, and cover key principles, objectives, and values related to the non-violent resolution of conflict.Additional Resources: \\n United Nations Guidelines for Alternative Care, A\/Res\/64\/142 (24 Feb 2010) \\n Care in Emergencies Toolkit, Interagency Working Group on Unaccompanied and Separated Children (2013). \\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1129, "Sentence":"\\n Field Handbook on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2016) \\n Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (2017) \\n Child Safeguarding Standards and How to Implement Them, Keeping Children Safe (2014) \\n Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Task Force online resources \\n Guidelines for Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (2009).", "ProcessedSent":"Children and DDR n field handbook unaccompanied separated child alliance child protection humanitarian action 2016 n toolkit unaccompanied separated child alliance child protection humanitarian action 2017 n child safeguarding standard implement keeping child safe 2014 n protection sexual exploitation abuse task force online resource n guideline justice matter involving child victim witness crime 2009 ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The United Nations (UN) Security Council and General Assembly have noted that a number of converging factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high risk environments for the spread of HIV, and that there is an elevated risk of infection among uniformed services and ex-combatants. This module outlines the strategies to address HIV\/AIDS during disarm- ament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes, in the interests of the individuals concerned, the sustainability of reintegration efforts and general post-conflict recovery.National beneficiaries should provide the lead for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, and interven- tions should be as inclusive as possible, while acknowledging the limitations of DDR HIV\/ AIDS programmes. A risk-mapping exercise should include the collection of baseline data on knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability, HIV\/AIDS prevalence, and identify existing capacity.The basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR are: \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n the development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness training for target groups, with peer education programmes during the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity. Awareness training can start before demobiliza- tion, depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure; \\n the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing (VCT) during demobi- lization and reintegration. An HIV test, with counselling, should be routinely offered (opt-in) as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more. VCT should be provided in all settings throughout the DDR process, building on local services. Undergoing an HIV test, however, should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process, although planners should be aware of any national legislation that may exclude HIV-positive personnel from newly formed military or civil defence forces; \\n screening and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which should be a standard part of health checks for participants; \\n the provision of condoms and availability of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits dur- ing demobilization, reinsertion and reintegration; \\n treatment for opportunistic infections and, where feasible, referral for anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment within the national health care system; \\n the implementation of HIV\/AIDS public information and awareness campaigns to sensitize \u2018receiving\u2019 communities, to raise general awareness and to reduce possible stigma and discrimination against returning combatants, including women associated with armed forces and groups, which could undermine reintegration efforts. Planning in communities needs to start in advance of demobilization.In instances where the time allotted for a specific phase is very limited or has been re- duced, as when there is a shortened cantonment period, it must be understood that the HIV\/ AIDS requirements envisaged are not dropped, but will be included in the next DDR phase.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1130, "Sentence":"The United Nations (UN) Security Council and General Assembly have noted that a number of converging factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high risk environments for the spread of HIV, and that there is an elevated risk of infection among uniformed services and ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR united nation un security council general assembly noted number converging factor make conflict postconflict setting high risk environment spread hiv elevated risk infection among uniformed service excombatants ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The United Nations (UN) Security Council and General Assembly have noted that a number of converging factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high risk environments for the spread of HIV, and that there is an elevated risk of infection among uniformed services and ex-combatants. This module outlines the strategies to address HIV\/AIDS during disarm- ament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes, in the interests of the individuals concerned, the sustainability of reintegration efforts and general post-conflict recovery.National beneficiaries should provide the lead for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, and interven- tions should be as inclusive as possible, while acknowledging the limitations of DDR HIV\/ AIDS programmes. A risk-mapping exercise should include the collection of baseline data on knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability, HIV\/AIDS prevalence, and identify existing capacity.The basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR are: \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n the development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness training for target groups, with peer education programmes during the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity. Awareness training can start before demobiliza- tion, depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure; \\n the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing (VCT) during demobi- lization and reintegration. An HIV test, with counselling, should be routinely offered (opt-in) as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more. VCT should be provided in all settings throughout the DDR process, building on local services. Undergoing an HIV test, however, should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process, although planners should be aware of any national legislation that may exclude HIV-positive personnel from newly formed military or civil defence forces; \\n screening and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which should be a standard part of health checks for participants; \\n the provision of condoms and availability of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits dur- ing demobilization, reinsertion and reintegration; \\n treatment for opportunistic infections and, where feasible, referral for anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment within the national health care system; \\n the implementation of HIV\/AIDS public information and awareness campaigns to sensitize \u2018receiving\u2019 communities, to raise general awareness and to reduce possible stigma and discrimination against returning combatants, including women associated with armed forces and groups, which could undermine reintegration efforts. Planning in communities needs to start in advance of demobilization.In instances where the time allotted for a specific phase is very limited or has been re- duced, as when there is a shortened cantonment period, it must be understood that the HIV\/ AIDS requirements envisaged are not dropped, but will be included in the next DDR phase.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1130, "Sentence":"This module outlines the strategies to address HIV\/AIDS during disarm- ament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes, in the interests of the individuals concerned, the sustainability of reintegration efforts and general post-conflict recovery.National beneficiaries should provide the lead for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, and interven- tions should be as inclusive as possible, while acknowledging the limitations of DDR HIV\/ AIDS programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR module outline strategy address hiv\/aids disarm ament demobilization reintegration ddr process interest individual concerned sustainability reintegration effort general postconflict recovery.national beneficiary provide lead hiv\/aids initiative interven tions inclusive possible acknowledging limitation ddr hiv\/ aid programme ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The United Nations (UN) Security Council and General Assembly have noted that a number of converging factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high risk environments for the spread of HIV, and that there is an elevated risk of infection among uniformed services and ex-combatants. This module outlines the strategies to address HIV\/AIDS during disarm- ament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes, in the interests of the individuals concerned, the sustainability of reintegration efforts and general post-conflict recovery.National beneficiaries should provide the lead for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, and interven- tions should be as inclusive as possible, while acknowledging the limitations of DDR HIV\/ AIDS programmes. A risk-mapping exercise should include the collection of baseline data on knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability, HIV\/AIDS prevalence, and identify existing capacity.The basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR are: \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n the development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness training for target groups, with peer education programmes during the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity. Awareness training can start before demobiliza- tion, depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure; \\n the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing (VCT) during demobi- lization and reintegration. An HIV test, with counselling, should be routinely offered (opt-in) as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more. VCT should be provided in all settings throughout the DDR process, building on local services. Undergoing an HIV test, however, should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process, although planners should be aware of any national legislation that may exclude HIV-positive personnel from newly formed military or civil defence forces; \\n screening and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which should be a standard part of health checks for participants; \\n the provision of condoms and availability of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits dur- ing demobilization, reinsertion and reintegration; \\n treatment for opportunistic infections and, where feasible, referral for anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment within the national health care system; \\n the implementation of HIV\/AIDS public information and awareness campaigns to sensitize \u2018receiving\u2019 communities, to raise general awareness and to reduce possible stigma and discrimination against returning combatants, including women associated with armed forces and groups, which could undermine reintegration efforts. Planning in communities needs to start in advance of demobilization.In instances where the time allotted for a specific phase is very limited or has been re- duced, as when there is a shortened cantonment period, it must be understood that the HIV\/ AIDS requirements envisaged are not dropped, but will be included in the next DDR phase.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1130, "Sentence":"A risk-mapping exercise should include the collection of baseline data on knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability, HIV\/AIDS prevalence, and identify existing capacity.The basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR are: \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n the development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness training for target groups, with peer education programmes during the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR riskmapping exercise include collection baseline data knowledge attitude vulnerability hiv\/aids prevalence identify existing capacity.the basic requirement hiv\/aids programme ddr n identification training hiv focal point within ddr field office n development hiv\/aids awareness material provision basic awareness training target group peer education programme reinsertion reintegration phase build capacity ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The United Nations (UN) Security Council and General Assembly have noted that a number of converging factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high risk environments for the spread of HIV, and that there is an elevated risk of infection among uniformed services and ex-combatants. This module outlines the strategies to address HIV\/AIDS during disarm- ament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes, in the interests of the individuals concerned, the sustainability of reintegration efforts and general post-conflict recovery.National beneficiaries should provide the lead for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, and interven- tions should be as inclusive as possible, while acknowledging the limitations of DDR HIV\/ AIDS programmes. A risk-mapping exercise should include the collection of baseline data on knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability, HIV\/AIDS prevalence, and identify existing capacity.The basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR are: \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n the development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness training for target groups, with peer education programmes during the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity. Awareness training can start before demobiliza- tion, depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure; \\n the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing (VCT) during demobi- lization and reintegration. An HIV test, with counselling, should be routinely offered (opt-in) as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more. VCT should be provided in all settings throughout the DDR process, building on local services. Undergoing an HIV test, however, should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process, although planners should be aware of any national legislation that may exclude HIV-positive personnel from newly formed military or civil defence forces; \\n screening and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which should be a standard part of health checks for participants; \\n the provision of condoms and availability of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits dur- ing demobilization, reinsertion and reintegration; \\n treatment for opportunistic infections and, where feasible, referral for anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment within the national health care system; \\n the implementation of HIV\/AIDS public information and awareness campaigns to sensitize \u2018receiving\u2019 communities, to raise general awareness and to reduce possible stigma and discrimination against returning combatants, including women associated with armed forces and groups, which could undermine reintegration efforts. Planning in communities needs to start in advance of demobilization.In instances where the time allotted for a specific phase is very limited or has been re- duced, as when there is a shortened cantonment period, it must be understood that the HIV\/ AIDS requirements envisaged are not dropped, but will be included in the next DDR phase.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1130, "Sentence":"Awareness training can start before demobiliza- tion, depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure; \\n the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing (VCT) during demobi- lization and reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR awareness training start demobiliza tion depending nature soldier \u2019 \/excombatants \u2019 deployment organizational structure n provision voluntary confidential counselling testing vct demobi lization reintegration ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The United Nations (UN) Security Council and General Assembly have noted that a number of converging factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high risk environments for the spread of HIV, and that there is an elevated risk of infection among uniformed services and ex-combatants. This module outlines the strategies to address HIV\/AIDS during disarm- ament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes, in the interests of the individuals concerned, the sustainability of reintegration efforts and general post-conflict recovery.National beneficiaries should provide the lead for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, and interven- tions should be as inclusive as possible, while acknowledging the limitations of DDR HIV\/ AIDS programmes. A risk-mapping exercise should include the collection of baseline data on knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability, HIV\/AIDS prevalence, and identify existing capacity.The basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR are: \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n the development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness training for target groups, with peer education programmes during the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity. Awareness training can start before demobiliza- tion, depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure; \\n the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing (VCT) during demobi- lization and reintegration. An HIV test, with counselling, should be routinely offered (opt-in) as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more. VCT should be provided in all settings throughout the DDR process, building on local services. Undergoing an HIV test, however, should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process, although planners should be aware of any national legislation that may exclude HIV-positive personnel from newly formed military or civil defence forces; \\n screening and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which should be a standard part of health checks for participants; \\n the provision of condoms and availability of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits dur- ing demobilization, reinsertion and reintegration; \\n treatment for opportunistic infections and, where feasible, referral for anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment within the national health care system; \\n the implementation of HIV\/AIDS public information and awareness campaigns to sensitize \u2018receiving\u2019 communities, to raise general awareness and to reduce possible stigma and discrimination against returning combatants, including women associated with armed forces and groups, which could undermine reintegration efforts. Planning in communities needs to start in advance of demobilization.In instances where the time allotted for a specific phase is very limited or has been re- duced, as when there is a shortened cantonment period, it must be understood that the HIV\/ AIDS requirements envisaged are not dropped, but will be included in the next DDR phase.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1130, "Sentence":"An HIV test, with counselling, should be routinely offered (opt-in) as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR hiv test counselling routinely offered optin standard part medical screening country hiv prevalence 5 percent ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The United Nations (UN) Security Council and General Assembly have noted that a number of converging factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high risk environments for the spread of HIV, and that there is an elevated risk of infection among uniformed services and ex-combatants. This module outlines the strategies to address HIV\/AIDS during disarm- ament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes, in the interests of the individuals concerned, the sustainability of reintegration efforts and general post-conflict recovery.National beneficiaries should provide the lead for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, and interven- tions should be as inclusive as possible, while acknowledging the limitations of DDR HIV\/ AIDS programmes. A risk-mapping exercise should include the collection of baseline data on knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability, HIV\/AIDS prevalence, and identify existing capacity.The basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR are: \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n the development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness training for target groups, with peer education programmes during the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity. Awareness training can start before demobiliza- tion, depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure; \\n the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing (VCT) during demobi- lization and reintegration. An HIV test, with counselling, should be routinely offered (opt-in) as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more. VCT should be provided in all settings throughout the DDR process, building on local services. Undergoing an HIV test, however, should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process, although planners should be aware of any national legislation that may exclude HIV-positive personnel from newly formed military or civil defence forces; \\n screening and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which should be a standard part of health checks for participants; \\n the provision of condoms and availability of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits dur- ing demobilization, reinsertion and reintegration; \\n treatment for opportunistic infections and, where feasible, referral for anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment within the national health care system; \\n the implementation of HIV\/AIDS public information and awareness campaigns to sensitize \u2018receiving\u2019 communities, to raise general awareness and to reduce possible stigma and discrimination against returning combatants, including women associated with armed forces and groups, which could undermine reintegration efforts. Planning in communities needs to start in advance of demobilization.In instances where the time allotted for a specific phase is very limited or has been re- duced, as when there is a shortened cantonment period, it must be understood that the HIV\/ AIDS requirements envisaged are not dropped, but will be included in the next DDR phase.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1130, "Sentence":"VCT should be provided in all settings throughout the DDR process, building on local services.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR vct provided setting throughout ddr process building local service ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The United Nations (UN) Security Council and General Assembly have noted that a number of converging factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high risk environments for the spread of HIV, and that there is an elevated risk of infection among uniformed services and ex-combatants. This module outlines the strategies to address HIV\/AIDS during disarm- ament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes, in the interests of the individuals concerned, the sustainability of reintegration efforts and general post-conflict recovery.National beneficiaries should provide the lead for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, and interven- tions should be as inclusive as possible, while acknowledging the limitations of DDR HIV\/ AIDS programmes. A risk-mapping exercise should include the collection of baseline data on knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability, HIV\/AIDS prevalence, and identify existing capacity.The basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR are: \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n the development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness training for target groups, with peer education programmes during the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity. Awareness training can start before demobiliza- tion, depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure; \\n the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing (VCT) during demobi- lization and reintegration. An HIV test, with counselling, should be routinely offered (opt-in) as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more. VCT should be provided in all settings throughout the DDR process, building on local services. Undergoing an HIV test, however, should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process, although planners should be aware of any national legislation that may exclude HIV-positive personnel from newly formed military or civil defence forces; \\n screening and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which should be a standard part of health checks for participants; \\n the provision of condoms and availability of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits dur- ing demobilization, reinsertion and reintegration; \\n treatment for opportunistic infections and, where feasible, referral for anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment within the national health care system; \\n the implementation of HIV\/AIDS public information and awareness campaigns to sensitize \u2018receiving\u2019 communities, to raise general awareness and to reduce possible stigma and discrimination against returning combatants, including women associated with armed forces and groups, which could undermine reintegration efforts. Planning in communities needs to start in advance of demobilization.In instances where the time allotted for a specific phase is very limited or has been re- duced, as when there is a shortened cantonment period, it must be understood that the HIV\/ AIDS requirements envisaged are not dropped, but will be included in the next DDR phase.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1130, "Sentence":"Undergoing an HIV test, however, should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process, although planners should be aware of any national legislation that may exclude HIV-positive personnel from newly formed military or civil defence forces; \\n screening and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which should be a standard part of health checks for participants; \\n the provision of condoms and availability of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits dur- ing demobilization, reinsertion and reintegration; \\n treatment for opportunistic infections and, where feasible, referral for anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment within the national health care system; \\n the implementation of HIV\/AIDS public information and awareness campaigns to sensitize \u2018receiving\u2019 communities, to raise general awareness and to reduce possible stigma and discrimination against returning combatants, including women associated with armed forces and groups, which could undermine reintegration efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR undergoing hiv test however condition participation ddr process although planner aware national legislation may exclude hivpositive personnel newly formed military civil defence force n screening treatment sexually transmitted infection stis standard part health check participant n provision condom availability postexposure prophylaxis pep kit dur ing demobilization reinsertion reintegration n treatment opportunistic infection feasible referral antiretroviral arv treatment within national health care system n implementation hiv\/aids public information awareness campaign sensitize \u2018 receiving \u2019 community raise general awareness reduce possible stigma discrimination returning combatant including woman associated armed force group could undermine reintegration effort ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The United Nations (UN) Security Council and General Assembly have noted that a number of converging factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high risk environments for the spread of HIV, and that there is an elevated risk of infection among uniformed services and ex-combatants. This module outlines the strategies to address HIV\/AIDS during disarm- ament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes, in the interests of the individuals concerned, the sustainability of reintegration efforts and general post-conflict recovery.National beneficiaries should provide the lead for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, and interven- tions should be as inclusive as possible, while acknowledging the limitations of DDR HIV\/ AIDS programmes. A risk-mapping exercise should include the collection of baseline data on knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability, HIV\/AIDS prevalence, and identify existing capacity.The basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR are: \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n the development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness training for target groups, with peer education programmes during the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity. Awareness training can start before demobiliza- tion, depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure; \\n the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing (VCT) during demobi- lization and reintegration. An HIV test, with counselling, should be routinely offered (opt-in) as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more. VCT should be provided in all settings throughout the DDR process, building on local services. Undergoing an HIV test, however, should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process, although planners should be aware of any national legislation that may exclude HIV-positive personnel from newly formed military or civil defence forces; \\n screening and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which should be a standard part of health checks for participants; \\n the provision of condoms and availability of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits dur- ing demobilization, reinsertion and reintegration; \\n treatment for opportunistic infections and, where feasible, referral for anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment within the national health care system; \\n the implementation of HIV\/AIDS public information and awareness campaigns to sensitize \u2018receiving\u2019 communities, to raise general awareness and to reduce possible stigma and discrimination against returning combatants, including women associated with armed forces and groups, which could undermine reintegration efforts. Planning in communities needs to start in advance of demobilization.In instances where the time allotted for a specific phase is very limited or has been re- duced, as when there is a shortened cantonment period, it must be understood that the HIV\/ AIDS requirements envisaged are not dropped, but will be included in the next DDR phase.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1130, "Sentence":"Planning in communities needs to start in advance of demobilization.In instances where the time allotted for a specific phase is very limited or has been re- duced, as when there is a shortened cantonment period, it must be understood that the HIV\/ AIDS requirements envisaged are not dropped, but will be included in the next DDR phase.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR planning community need start advance demobilization.in instance time allotted specific phase limited duced shortened cantonment period must understood hiv\/ aid requirement envisaged dropped included next ddr phase ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide policy makers, operational planners and DDR officers with guidance on how to plan and implement HIV\/AIDS programmes as part of a DDR frame- work. It focuses on interventions during the demobilization and reintegration phases. A basic assumption is that broader HIV\/AIDS programmes at the community level fall outside the planning requirements of DDR officers. Community programmes require a multisectoral approach and should be sustainable after DDR is completed. The need to integrate HIV\/ AIDS in community-based demobilization and reintegration efforts, however, can make this distinction unclear, and therefore it is vital that the national and international part- ners responsible for longer-term HIV\/AIDS programmes are involved and have a lead role in DDR initiatives from the outset, and that HIV\/AIDS is included in national recon- struction. DDR programmes need to integrate HIV concerns and the planning of national HIV strategies need to consider DDR.The importance of HIV\/AIDS sensitization and awareness programmes for peace- keepers is acknowledged, and their potential to assist with programmes is briefly discussed. Guidance on this issue can be provided by mission-based HIV\/AIDS advisers, the Depart- ment of Peacekeeping Operations and the Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1131, "Sentence":"This module aims to provide policy makers, operational planners and DDR officers with guidance on how to plan and implement HIV\/AIDS programmes as part of a DDR frame- work.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR module aim provide policy maker operational planner ddr officer guidance plan implement hiv\/aids programme part ddr frame work ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide policy makers, operational planners and DDR officers with guidance on how to plan and implement HIV\/AIDS programmes as part of a DDR frame- work. It focuses on interventions during the demobilization and reintegration phases. A basic assumption is that broader HIV\/AIDS programmes at the community level fall outside the planning requirements of DDR officers. Community programmes require a multisectoral approach and should be sustainable after DDR is completed. The need to integrate HIV\/ AIDS in community-based demobilization and reintegration efforts, however, can make this distinction unclear, and therefore it is vital that the national and international part- ners responsible for longer-term HIV\/AIDS programmes are involved and have a lead role in DDR initiatives from the outset, and that HIV\/AIDS is included in national recon- struction. DDR programmes need to integrate HIV concerns and the planning of national HIV strategies need to consider DDR.The importance of HIV\/AIDS sensitization and awareness programmes for peace- keepers is acknowledged, and their potential to assist with programmes is briefly discussed. Guidance on this issue can be provided by mission-based HIV\/AIDS advisers, the Depart- ment of Peacekeeping Operations and the Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1131, "Sentence":"It focuses on interventions during the demobilization and reintegration phases.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR focus intervention demobilization reintegration phase ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide policy makers, operational planners and DDR officers with guidance on how to plan and implement HIV\/AIDS programmes as part of a DDR frame- work. It focuses on interventions during the demobilization and reintegration phases. A basic assumption is that broader HIV\/AIDS programmes at the community level fall outside the planning requirements of DDR officers. Community programmes require a multisectoral approach and should be sustainable after DDR is completed. The need to integrate HIV\/ AIDS in community-based demobilization and reintegration efforts, however, can make this distinction unclear, and therefore it is vital that the national and international part- ners responsible for longer-term HIV\/AIDS programmes are involved and have a lead role in DDR initiatives from the outset, and that HIV\/AIDS is included in national recon- struction. DDR programmes need to integrate HIV concerns and the planning of national HIV strategies need to consider DDR.The importance of HIV\/AIDS sensitization and awareness programmes for peace- keepers is acknowledged, and their potential to assist with programmes is briefly discussed. Guidance on this issue can be provided by mission-based HIV\/AIDS advisers, the Depart- ment of Peacekeeping Operations and the Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1131, "Sentence":"A basic assumption is that broader HIV\/AIDS programmes at the community level fall outside the planning requirements of DDR officers.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR basic assumption broader hiv\/aids programme community level fall outside planning requirement ddr officer ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide policy makers, operational planners and DDR officers with guidance on how to plan and implement HIV\/AIDS programmes as part of a DDR frame- work. It focuses on interventions during the demobilization and reintegration phases. A basic assumption is that broader HIV\/AIDS programmes at the community level fall outside the planning requirements of DDR officers. Community programmes require a multisectoral approach and should be sustainable after DDR is completed. The need to integrate HIV\/ AIDS in community-based demobilization and reintegration efforts, however, can make this distinction unclear, and therefore it is vital that the national and international part- ners responsible for longer-term HIV\/AIDS programmes are involved and have a lead role in DDR initiatives from the outset, and that HIV\/AIDS is included in national recon- struction. DDR programmes need to integrate HIV concerns and the planning of national HIV strategies need to consider DDR.The importance of HIV\/AIDS sensitization and awareness programmes for peace- keepers is acknowledged, and their potential to assist with programmes is briefly discussed. Guidance on this issue can be provided by mission-based HIV\/AIDS advisers, the Depart- ment of Peacekeeping Operations and the Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1131, "Sentence":"Community programmes require a multisectoral approach and should be sustainable after DDR is completed.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR community programme require multisectoral approach sustainable ddr completed ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide policy makers, operational planners and DDR officers with guidance on how to plan and implement HIV\/AIDS programmes as part of a DDR frame- work. It focuses on interventions during the demobilization and reintegration phases. A basic assumption is that broader HIV\/AIDS programmes at the community level fall outside the planning requirements of DDR officers. Community programmes require a multisectoral approach and should be sustainable after DDR is completed. The need to integrate HIV\/ AIDS in community-based demobilization and reintegration efforts, however, can make this distinction unclear, and therefore it is vital that the national and international part- ners responsible for longer-term HIV\/AIDS programmes are involved and have a lead role in DDR initiatives from the outset, and that HIV\/AIDS is included in national recon- struction. DDR programmes need to integrate HIV concerns and the planning of national HIV strategies need to consider DDR.The importance of HIV\/AIDS sensitization and awareness programmes for peace- keepers is acknowledged, and their potential to assist with programmes is briefly discussed. Guidance on this issue can be provided by mission-based HIV\/AIDS advisers, the Depart- ment of Peacekeeping Operations and the Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1131, "Sentence":"The need to integrate HIV\/ AIDS in community-based demobilization and reintegration efforts, however, can make this distinction unclear, and therefore it is vital that the national and international part- ners responsible for longer-term HIV\/AIDS programmes are involved and have a lead role in DDR initiatives from the outset, and that HIV\/AIDS is included in national recon- struction.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR need integrate hiv\/ aid communitybased demobilization reintegration effort however make distinction unclear therefore vital national international part ners responsible longerterm hiv\/aids programme involved lead role ddr initiative outset hiv\/aids included national recon struction ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide policy makers, operational planners and DDR officers with guidance on how to plan and implement HIV\/AIDS programmes as part of a DDR frame- work. It focuses on interventions during the demobilization and reintegration phases. A basic assumption is that broader HIV\/AIDS programmes at the community level fall outside the planning requirements of DDR officers. Community programmes require a multisectoral approach and should be sustainable after DDR is completed. The need to integrate HIV\/ AIDS in community-based demobilization and reintegration efforts, however, can make this distinction unclear, and therefore it is vital that the national and international part- ners responsible for longer-term HIV\/AIDS programmes are involved and have a lead role in DDR initiatives from the outset, and that HIV\/AIDS is included in national recon- struction. DDR programmes need to integrate HIV concerns and the planning of national HIV strategies need to consider DDR.The importance of HIV\/AIDS sensitization and awareness programmes for peace- keepers is acknowledged, and their potential to assist with programmes is briefly discussed. Guidance on this issue can be provided by mission-based HIV\/AIDS advisers, the Depart- ment of Peacekeeping Operations and the Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1131, "Sentence":"DDR programmes need to integrate HIV concerns and the planning of national HIV strategies need to consider DDR.The importance of HIV\/AIDS sensitization and awareness programmes for peace- keepers is acknowledged, and their potential to assist with programmes is briefly discussed.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR ddr programme need integrate hiv concern planning national hiv strategy need consider ddr.the importance hiv\/aids sensitization awareness programme peace keeper acknowledged potential assist programme briefly discussed ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module aims to provide policy makers, operational planners and DDR officers with guidance on how to plan and implement HIV\/AIDS programmes as part of a DDR frame- work. It focuses on interventions during the demobilization and reintegration phases. A basic assumption is that broader HIV\/AIDS programmes at the community level fall outside the planning requirements of DDR officers. Community programmes require a multisectoral approach and should be sustainable after DDR is completed. The need to integrate HIV\/ AIDS in community-based demobilization and reintegration efforts, however, can make this distinction unclear, and therefore it is vital that the national and international part- ners responsible for longer-term HIV\/AIDS programmes are involved and have a lead role in DDR initiatives from the outset, and that HIV\/AIDS is included in national recon- struction. DDR programmes need to integrate HIV concerns and the planning of national HIV strategies need to consider DDR.The importance of HIV\/AIDS sensitization and awareness programmes for peace- keepers is acknowledged, and their potential to assist with programmes is briefly discussed. Guidance on this issue can be provided by mission-based HIV\/AIDS advisers, the Depart- ment of Peacekeeping Operations and the Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1131, "Sentence":"Guidance on this issue can be provided by mission-based HIV\/AIDS advisers, the Depart- ment of Peacekeeping Operations and the Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR guidance issue provided missionbased hiv\/aids adviser depart ment peacekeeping operation joint un programme hiv\/aids unaids ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1132, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR annex contains list term definition abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1132, "Sentence":"A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR com\u00ad plete glossary term definition abbreviation used series integrated ddr standard iddrs given iddrs 1.20 ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1132, "Sentence":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1132, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR use consistent language used international organization standardization iso standard guideline n \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action n \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability n e \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"AIDS is a global issue. Every region of the world is affected and all are reporting increases in HIV infection rates. There is still no cure and no vaccine. Access to ARV treatment, which mitigates the effects of the virus, is being scaled up in low- and middle-income countries; but an emphasis on preventing new infections remains paramount.HIV\/AIDS challenges human rights and gender relations, aggravates socio-economic crises and undermines \u2018human security\u2019. In the most severely affected countries, AIDS threatens to deplete the supply of skilled labour, reverse economic progress and under- mine food security. It overwhelms health systems and changes the demographic profile of nations.1 In July 2000, Security Council resolution 1308 (S\/RES\/1308) recognized that the \u201cspread of HIV\/AIDS can have a uniquely devastating impact on all sectors and levels of society\u201d.In addition, resolution 1308 recognized that the HIV\/AIDS pandemic is \u201cexacerbated by conditions of violence and instability\u201d. DDR programmes often take place in areas of high HIV\/AIDS prevalence or high-risk environments, and ex-combatants are considered a high-risk group. As noted by the Inter- Agency Standing Committee (IASC), the very characteristics that define a complex emergency, such as conflict, social instability, poverty and powerlessness, are those that favour the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Mass displace- ments can result in the movement of people between high and low HIV\/AIDS prevalence areas, especially with migration towards urban settings. The breakdown of social networks and support mechanisms place women and children at an increased risk of violence, and can force them into having sex to gain access to basic needs such as food, water and security. The risk of HIV is further increased when rape and sexual abuse are used as tools of war, as illustrated by the recent conflicts in Haiti, Liberia and Sudan.The UN General Assembly\u2019s 2001 Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS, endorsed by General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2, further emphasized the concern that con- flicts contribute to the spread of HIV, and recognized that \u201cpopulations destabilized by armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters, including refugees, inter- nally displaced persons and in particular women and children, are at increased risk of exposure to HIV infection\u201d. In some circumstances, however, conflict may actually slow the transmission of HIV in pockets of communities or specific areas, as it restricts access and trade routes, and it is the post-conflict phase including, potentially, the reintegration process, that sees an increase in HIV vulnerability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1133, "Sentence":"AIDS is a global issue.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR aid global issue ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"AIDS is a global issue. Every region of the world is affected and all are reporting increases in HIV infection rates. There is still no cure and no vaccine. Access to ARV treatment, which mitigates the effects of the virus, is being scaled up in low- and middle-income countries; but an emphasis on preventing new infections remains paramount.HIV\/AIDS challenges human rights and gender relations, aggravates socio-economic crises and undermines \u2018human security\u2019. In the most severely affected countries, AIDS threatens to deplete the supply of skilled labour, reverse economic progress and under- mine food security. It overwhelms health systems and changes the demographic profile of nations.1 In July 2000, Security Council resolution 1308 (S\/RES\/1308) recognized that the \u201cspread of HIV\/AIDS can have a uniquely devastating impact on all sectors and levels of society\u201d.In addition, resolution 1308 recognized that the HIV\/AIDS pandemic is \u201cexacerbated by conditions of violence and instability\u201d. DDR programmes often take place in areas of high HIV\/AIDS prevalence or high-risk environments, and ex-combatants are considered a high-risk group. As noted by the Inter- Agency Standing Committee (IASC), the very characteristics that define a complex emergency, such as conflict, social instability, poverty and powerlessness, are those that favour the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Mass displace- ments can result in the movement of people between high and low HIV\/AIDS prevalence areas, especially with migration towards urban settings. The breakdown of social networks and support mechanisms place women and children at an increased risk of violence, and can force them into having sex to gain access to basic needs such as food, water and security. The risk of HIV is further increased when rape and sexual abuse are used as tools of war, as illustrated by the recent conflicts in Haiti, Liberia and Sudan.The UN General Assembly\u2019s 2001 Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS, endorsed by General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2, further emphasized the concern that con- flicts contribute to the spread of HIV, and recognized that \u201cpopulations destabilized by armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters, including refugees, inter- nally displaced persons and in particular women and children, are at increased risk of exposure to HIV infection\u201d. In some circumstances, however, conflict may actually slow the transmission of HIV in pockets of communities or specific areas, as it restricts access and trade routes, and it is the post-conflict phase including, potentially, the reintegration process, that sees an increase in HIV vulnerability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1133, "Sentence":"Every region of the world is affected and all are reporting increases in HIV infection rates.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR every region world affected reporting increase hiv infection rate ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"AIDS is a global issue. Every region of the world is affected and all are reporting increases in HIV infection rates. There is still no cure and no vaccine. Access to ARV treatment, which mitigates the effects of the virus, is being scaled up in low- and middle-income countries; but an emphasis on preventing new infections remains paramount.HIV\/AIDS challenges human rights and gender relations, aggravates socio-economic crises and undermines \u2018human security\u2019. In the most severely affected countries, AIDS threatens to deplete the supply of skilled labour, reverse economic progress and under- mine food security. It overwhelms health systems and changes the demographic profile of nations.1 In July 2000, Security Council resolution 1308 (S\/RES\/1308) recognized that the \u201cspread of HIV\/AIDS can have a uniquely devastating impact on all sectors and levels of society\u201d.In addition, resolution 1308 recognized that the HIV\/AIDS pandemic is \u201cexacerbated by conditions of violence and instability\u201d. DDR programmes often take place in areas of high HIV\/AIDS prevalence or high-risk environments, and ex-combatants are considered a high-risk group. As noted by the Inter- Agency Standing Committee (IASC), the very characteristics that define a complex emergency, such as conflict, social instability, poverty and powerlessness, are those that favour the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Mass displace- ments can result in the movement of people between high and low HIV\/AIDS prevalence areas, especially with migration towards urban settings. The breakdown of social networks and support mechanisms place women and children at an increased risk of violence, and can force them into having sex to gain access to basic needs such as food, water and security. The risk of HIV is further increased when rape and sexual abuse are used as tools of war, as illustrated by the recent conflicts in Haiti, Liberia and Sudan.The UN General Assembly\u2019s 2001 Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS, endorsed by General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2, further emphasized the concern that con- flicts contribute to the spread of HIV, and recognized that \u201cpopulations destabilized by armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters, including refugees, inter- nally displaced persons and in particular women and children, are at increased risk of exposure to HIV infection\u201d. In some circumstances, however, conflict may actually slow the transmission of HIV in pockets of communities or specific areas, as it restricts access and trade routes, and it is the post-conflict phase including, potentially, the reintegration process, that sees an increase in HIV vulnerability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1133, "Sentence":"There is still no cure and no vaccine.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR still cure vaccine ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"AIDS is a global issue. Every region of the world is affected and all are reporting increases in HIV infection rates. There is still no cure and no vaccine. Access to ARV treatment, which mitigates the effects of the virus, is being scaled up in low- and middle-income countries; but an emphasis on preventing new infections remains paramount.HIV\/AIDS challenges human rights and gender relations, aggravates socio-economic crises and undermines \u2018human security\u2019. In the most severely affected countries, AIDS threatens to deplete the supply of skilled labour, reverse economic progress and under- mine food security. It overwhelms health systems and changes the demographic profile of nations.1 In July 2000, Security Council resolution 1308 (S\/RES\/1308) recognized that the \u201cspread of HIV\/AIDS can have a uniquely devastating impact on all sectors and levels of society\u201d.In addition, resolution 1308 recognized that the HIV\/AIDS pandemic is \u201cexacerbated by conditions of violence and instability\u201d. DDR programmes often take place in areas of high HIV\/AIDS prevalence or high-risk environments, and ex-combatants are considered a high-risk group. As noted by the Inter- Agency Standing Committee (IASC), the very characteristics that define a complex emergency, such as conflict, social instability, poverty and powerlessness, are those that favour the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Mass displace- ments can result in the movement of people between high and low HIV\/AIDS prevalence areas, especially with migration towards urban settings. The breakdown of social networks and support mechanisms place women and children at an increased risk of violence, and can force them into having sex to gain access to basic needs such as food, water and security. The risk of HIV is further increased when rape and sexual abuse are used as tools of war, as illustrated by the recent conflicts in Haiti, Liberia and Sudan.The UN General Assembly\u2019s 2001 Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS, endorsed by General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2, further emphasized the concern that con- flicts contribute to the spread of HIV, and recognized that \u201cpopulations destabilized by armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters, including refugees, inter- nally displaced persons and in particular women and children, are at increased risk of exposure to HIV infection\u201d. In some circumstances, however, conflict may actually slow the transmission of HIV in pockets of communities or specific areas, as it restricts access and trade routes, and it is the post-conflict phase including, potentially, the reintegration process, that sees an increase in HIV vulnerability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1133, "Sentence":"Access to ARV treatment, which mitigates the effects of the virus, is being scaled up in low- and middle-income countries; but an emphasis on preventing new infections remains paramount.HIV\/AIDS challenges human rights and gender relations, aggravates socio-economic crises and undermines \u2018human security\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR access arv treatment mitigates effect virus scaled low middleincome country emphasis preventing new infection remains paramount.hiv\/aids challenge human right gender relation aggravates socioeconomic crisis undermines \u2018 human security \u2019 ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"AIDS is a global issue. Every region of the world is affected and all are reporting increases in HIV infection rates. There is still no cure and no vaccine. Access to ARV treatment, which mitigates the effects of the virus, is being scaled up in low- and middle-income countries; but an emphasis on preventing new infections remains paramount.HIV\/AIDS challenges human rights and gender relations, aggravates socio-economic crises and undermines \u2018human security\u2019. In the most severely affected countries, AIDS threatens to deplete the supply of skilled labour, reverse economic progress and under- mine food security. It overwhelms health systems and changes the demographic profile of nations.1 In July 2000, Security Council resolution 1308 (S\/RES\/1308) recognized that the \u201cspread of HIV\/AIDS can have a uniquely devastating impact on all sectors and levels of society\u201d.In addition, resolution 1308 recognized that the HIV\/AIDS pandemic is \u201cexacerbated by conditions of violence and instability\u201d. DDR programmes often take place in areas of high HIV\/AIDS prevalence or high-risk environments, and ex-combatants are considered a high-risk group. As noted by the Inter- Agency Standing Committee (IASC), the very characteristics that define a complex emergency, such as conflict, social instability, poverty and powerlessness, are those that favour the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Mass displace- ments can result in the movement of people between high and low HIV\/AIDS prevalence areas, especially with migration towards urban settings. The breakdown of social networks and support mechanisms place women and children at an increased risk of violence, and can force them into having sex to gain access to basic needs such as food, water and security. The risk of HIV is further increased when rape and sexual abuse are used as tools of war, as illustrated by the recent conflicts in Haiti, Liberia and Sudan.The UN General Assembly\u2019s 2001 Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS, endorsed by General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2, further emphasized the concern that con- flicts contribute to the spread of HIV, and recognized that \u201cpopulations destabilized by armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters, including refugees, inter- nally displaced persons and in particular women and children, are at increased risk of exposure to HIV infection\u201d. In some circumstances, however, conflict may actually slow the transmission of HIV in pockets of communities or specific areas, as it restricts access and trade routes, and it is the post-conflict phase including, potentially, the reintegration process, that sees an increase in HIV vulnerability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1133, "Sentence":"In the most severely affected countries, AIDS threatens to deplete the supply of skilled labour, reverse economic progress and under- mine food security.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR severely affected country aid threatens deplete supply skilled labour reverse economic progress mine food security ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"AIDS is a global issue. Every region of the world is affected and all are reporting increases in HIV infection rates. There is still no cure and no vaccine. Access to ARV treatment, which mitigates the effects of the virus, is being scaled up in low- and middle-income countries; but an emphasis on preventing new infections remains paramount.HIV\/AIDS challenges human rights and gender relations, aggravates socio-economic crises and undermines \u2018human security\u2019. In the most severely affected countries, AIDS threatens to deplete the supply of skilled labour, reverse economic progress and under- mine food security. It overwhelms health systems and changes the demographic profile of nations.1 In July 2000, Security Council resolution 1308 (S\/RES\/1308) recognized that the \u201cspread of HIV\/AIDS can have a uniquely devastating impact on all sectors and levels of society\u201d.In addition, resolution 1308 recognized that the HIV\/AIDS pandemic is \u201cexacerbated by conditions of violence and instability\u201d. DDR programmes often take place in areas of high HIV\/AIDS prevalence or high-risk environments, and ex-combatants are considered a high-risk group. As noted by the Inter- Agency Standing Committee (IASC), the very characteristics that define a complex emergency, such as conflict, social instability, poverty and powerlessness, are those that favour the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Mass displace- ments can result in the movement of people between high and low HIV\/AIDS prevalence areas, especially with migration towards urban settings. The breakdown of social networks and support mechanisms place women and children at an increased risk of violence, and can force them into having sex to gain access to basic needs such as food, water and security. The risk of HIV is further increased when rape and sexual abuse are used as tools of war, as illustrated by the recent conflicts in Haiti, Liberia and Sudan.The UN General Assembly\u2019s 2001 Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS, endorsed by General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2, further emphasized the concern that con- flicts contribute to the spread of HIV, and recognized that \u201cpopulations destabilized by armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters, including refugees, inter- nally displaced persons and in particular women and children, are at increased risk of exposure to HIV infection\u201d. In some circumstances, however, conflict may actually slow the transmission of HIV in pockets of communities or specific areas, as it restricts access and trade routes, and it is the post-conflict phase including, potentially, the reintegration process, that sees an increase in HIV vulnerability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1133, "Sentence":"It overwhelms health systems and changes the demographic profile of nations.1 In July 2000, Security Council resolution 1308 (S\/RES\/1308) recognized that the \u201cspread of HIV\/AIDS can have a uniquely devastating impact on all sectors and levels of society\u201d.In addition, resolution 1308 recognized that the HIV\/AIDS pandemic is \u201cexacerbated by conditions of violence and instability\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR overwhelms health system change demographic profile nations.1 july 2000 security council resolution 1308 s\/res\/1308 recognized \u201c spread hiv\/aids uniquely devastating impact sector level society \u201d .in addition resolution 1308 recognized hiv\/aids pandemic \u201c exacerbated condition violence instability \u201d ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"AIDS is a global issue. Every region of the world is affected and all are reporting increases in HIV infection rates. There is still no cure and no vaccine. Access to ARV treatment, which mitigates the effects of the virus, is being scaled up in low- and middle-income countries; but an emphasis on preventing new infections remains paramount.HIV\/AIDS challenges human rights and gender relations, aggravates socio-economic crises and undermines \u2018human security\u2019. In the most severely affected countries, AIDS threatens to deplete the supply of skilled labour, reverse economic progress and under- mine food security. It overwhelms health systems and changes the demographic profile of nations.1 In July 2000, Security Council resolution 1308 (S\/RES\/1308) recognized that the \u201cspread of HIV\/AIDS can have a uniquely devastating impact on all sectors and levels of society\u201d.In addition, resolution 1308 recognized that the HIV\/AIDS pandemic is \u201cexacerbated by conditions of violence and instability\u201d. DDR programmes often take place in areas of high HIV\/AIDS prevalence or high-risk environments, and ex-combatants are considered a high-risk group. As noted by the Inter- Agency Standing Committee (IASC), the very characteristics that define a complex emergency, such as conflict, social instability, poverty and powerlessness, are those that favour the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Mass displace- ments can result in the movement of people between high and low HIV\/AIDS prevalence areas, especially with migration towards urban settings. The breakdown of social networks and support mechanisms place women and children at an increased risk of violence, and can force them into having sex to gain access to basic needs such as food, water and security. The risk of HIV is further increased when rape and sexual abuse are used as tools of war, as illustrated by the recent conflicts in Haiti, Liberia and Sudan.The UN General Assembly\u2019s 2001 Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS, endorsed by General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2, further emphasized the concern that con- flicts contribute to the spread of HIV, and recognized that \u201cpopulations destabilized by armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters, including refugees, inter- nally displaced persons and in particular women and children, are at increased risk of exposure to HIV infection\u201d. In some circumstances, however, conflict may actually slow the transmission of HIV in pockets of communities or specific areas, as it restricts access and trade routes, and it is the post-conflict phase including, potentially, the reintegration process, that sees an increase in HIV vulnerability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1133, "Sentence":"DDR programmes often take place in areas of high HIV\/AIDS prevalence or high-risk environments, and ex-combatants are considered a high-risk group.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR ddr programme often take place area high hiv\/aids prevalence highrisk environment excombatants considered highrisk group ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"AIDS is a global issue. Every region of the world is affected and all are reporting increases in HIV infection rates. There is still no cure and no vaccine. Access to ARV treatment, which mitigates the effects of the virus, is being scaled up in low- and middle-income countries; but an emphasis on preventing new infections remains paramount.HIV\/AIDS challenges human rights and gender relations, aggravates socio-economic crises and undermines \u2018human security\u2019. In the most severely affected countries, AIDS threatens to deplete the supply of skilled labour, reverse economic progress and under- mine food security. It overwhelms health systems and changes the demographic profile of nations.1 In July 2000, Security Council resolution 1308 (S\/RES\/1308) recognized that the \u201cspread of HIV\/AIDS can have a uniquely devastating impact on all sectors and levels of society\u201d.In addition, resolution 1308 recognized that the HIV\/AIDS pandemic is \u201cexacerbated by conditions of violence and instability\u201d. DDR programmes often take place in areas of high HIV\/AIDS prevalence or high-risk environments, and ex-combatants are considered a high-risk group. As noted by the Inter- Agency Standing Committee (IASC), the very characteristics that define a complex emergency, such as conflict, social instability, poverty and powerlessness, are those that favour the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Mass displace- ments can result in the movement of people between high and low HIV\/AIDS prevalence areas, especially with migration towards urban settings. The breakdown of social networks and support mechanisms place women and children at an increased risk of violence, and can force them into having sex to gain access to basic needs such as food, water and security. The risk of HIV is further increased when rape and sexual abuse are used as tools of war, as illustrated by the recent conflicts in Haiti, Liberia and Sudan.The UN General Assembly\u2019s 2001 Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS, endorsed by General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2, further emphasized the concern that con- flicts contribute to the spread of HIV, and recognized that \u201cpopulations destabilized by armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters, including refugees, inter- nally displaced persons and in particular women and children, are at increased risk of exposure to HIV infection\u201d. In some circumstances, however, conflict may actually slow the transmission of HIV in pockets of communities or specific areas, as it restricts access and trade routes, and it is the post-conflict phase including, potentially, the reintegration process, that sees an increase in HIV vulnerability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1133, "Sentence":"As noted by the Inter- Agency Standing Committee (IASC), the very characteristics that define a complex emergency, such as conflict, social instability, poverty and powerlessness, are those that favour the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR noted inter agency standing committee iasc characteristic define complex emergency conflict social instability poverty powerlessness favour spread hiv sexually transmitted infection stis ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"AIDS is a global issue. Every region of the world is affected and all are reporting increases in HIV infection rates. There is still no cure and no vaccine. Access to ARV treatment, which mitigates the effects of the virus, is being scaled up in low- and middle-income countries; but an emphasis on preventing new infections remains paramount.HIV\/AIDS challenges human rights and gender relations, aggravates socio-economic crises and undermines \u2018human security\u2019. In the most severely affected countries, AIDS threatens to deplete the supply of skilled labour, reverse economic progress and under- mine food security. It overwhelms health systems and changes the demographic profile of nations.1 In July 2000, Security Council resolution 1308 (S\/RES\/1308) recognized that the \u201cspread of HIV\/AIDS can have a uniquely devastating impact on all sectors and levels of society\u201d.In addition, resolution 1308 recognized that the HIV\/AIDS pandemic is \u201cexacerbated by conditions of violence and instability\u201d. DDR programmes often take place in areas of high HIV\/AIDS prevalence or high-risk environments, and ex-combatants are considered a high-risk group. As noted by the Inter- Agency Standing Committee (IASC), the very characteristics that define a complex emergency, such as conflict, social instability, poverty and powerlessness, are those that favour the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Mass displace- ments can result in the movement of people between high and low HIV\/AIDS prevalence areas, especially with migration towards urban settings. The breakdown of social networks and support mechanisms place women and children at an increased risk of violence, and can force them into having sex to gain access to basic needs such as food, water and security. The risk of HIV is further increased when rape and sexual abuse are used as tools of war, as illustrated by the recent conflicts in Haiti, Liberia and Sudan.The UN General Assembly\u2019s 2001 Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS, endorsed by General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2, further emphasized the concern that con- flicts contribute to the spread of HIV, and recognized that \u201cpopulations destabilized by armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters, including refugees, inter- nally displaced persons and in particular women and children, are at increased risk of exposure to HIV infection\u201d. In some circumstances, however, conflict may actually slow the transmission of HIV in pockets of communities or specific areas, as it restricts access and trade routes, and it is the post-conflict phase including, potentially, the reintegration process, that sees an increase in HIV vulnerability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1133, "Sentence":"Mass displace- ments can result in the movement of people between high and low HIV\/AIDS prevalence areas, especially with migration towards urban settings.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR mass displace ments result movement people high low hiv\/aids prevalence area especially migration towards urban setting ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"AIDS is a global issue. Every region of the world is affected and all are reporting increases in HIV infection rates. There is still no cure and no vaccine. Access to ARV treatment, which mitigates the effects of the virus, is being scaled up in low- and middle-income countries; but an emphasis on preventing new infections remains paramount.HIV\/AIDS challenges human rights and gender relations, aggravates socio-economic crises and undermines \u2018human security\u2019. In the most severely affected countries, AIDS threatens to deplete the supply of skilled labour, reverse economic progress and under- mine food security. It overwhelms health systems and changes the demographic profile of nations.1 In July 2000, Security Council resolution 1308 (S\/RES\/1308) recognized that the \u201cspread of HIV\/AIDS can have a uniquely devastating impact on all sectors and levels of society\u201d.In addition, resolution 1308 recognized that the HIV\/AIDS pandemic is \u201cexacerbated by conditions of violence and instability\u201d. DDR programmes often take place in areas of high HIV\/AIDS prevalence or high-risk environments, and ex-combatants are considered a high-risk group. As noted by the Inter- Agency Standing Committee (IASC), the very characteristics that define a complex emergency, such as conflict, social instability, poverty and powerlessness, are those that favour the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Mass displace- ments can result in the movement of people between high and low HIV\/AIDS prevalence areas, especially with migration towards urban settings. The breakdown of social networks and support mechanisms place women and children at an increased risk of violence, and can force them into having sex to gain access to basic needs such as food, water and security. The risk of HIV is further increased when rape and sexual abuse are used as tools of war, as illustrated by the recent conflicts in Haiti, Liberia and Sudan.The UN General Assembly\u2019s 2001 Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS, endorsed by General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2, further emphasized the concern that con- flicts contribute to the spread of HIV, and recognized that \u201cpopulations destabilized by armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters, including refugees, inter- nally displaced persons and in particular women and children, are at increased risk of exposure to HIV infection\u201d. In some circumstances, however, conflict may actually slow the transmission of HIV in pockets of communities or specific areas, as it restricts access and trade routes, and it is the post-conflict phase including, potentially, the reintegration process, that sees an increase in HIV vulnerability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1133, "Sentence":"The breakdown of social networks and support mechanisms place women and children at an increased risk of violence, and can force them into having sex to gain access to basic needs such as food, water and security.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR breakdown social network support mechanism place woman child increased risk violence force sex gain access basic need food water security ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"AIDS is a global issue. Every region of the world is affected and all are reporting increases in HIV infection rates. There is still no cure and no vaccine. Access to ARV treatment, which mitigates the effects of the virus, is being scaled up in low- and middle-income countries; but an emphasis on preventing new infections remains paramount.HIV\/AIDS challenges human rights and gender relations, aggravates socio-economic crises and undermines \u2018human security\u2019. In the most severely affected countries, AIDS threatens to deplete the supply of skilled labour, reverse economic progress and under- mine food security. It overwhelms health systems and changes the demographic profile of nations.1 In July 2000, Security Council resolution 1308 (S\/RES\/1308) recognized that the \u201cspread of HIV\/AIDS can have a uniquely devastating impact on all sectors and levels of society\u201d.In addition, resolution 1308 recognized that the HIV\/AIDS pandemic is \u201cexacerbated by conditions of violence and instability\u201d. DDR programmes often take place in areas of high HIV\/AIDS prevalence or high-risk environments, and ex-combatants are considered a high-risk group. As noted by the Inter- Agency Standing Committee (IASC), the very characteristics that define a complex emergency, such as conflict, social instability, poverty and powerlessness, are those that favour the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Mass displace- ments can result in the movement of people between high and low HIV\/AIDS prevalence areas, especially with migration towards urban settings. The breakdown of social networks and support mechanisms place women and children at an increased risk of violence, and can force them into having sex to gain access to basic needs such as food, water and security. The risk of HIV is further increased when rape and sexual abuse are used as tools of war, as illustrated by the recent conflicts in Haiti, Liberia and Sudan.The UN General Assembly\u2019s 2001 Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS, endorsed by General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2, further emphasized the concern that con- flicts contribute to the spread of HIV, and recognized that \u201cpopulations destabilized by armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters, including refugees, inter- nally displaced persons and in particular women and children, are at increased risk of exposure to HIV infection\u201d. In some circumstances, however, conflict may actually slow the transmission of HIV in pockets of communities or specific areas, as it restricts access and trade routes, and it is the post-conflict phase including, potentially, the reintegration process, that sees an increase in HIV vulnerability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1133, "Sentence":"The risk of HIV is further increased when rape and sexual abuse are used as tools of war, as illustrated by the recent conflicts in Haiti, Liberia and Sudan.The UN General Assembly\u2019s 2001 Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS, endorsed by General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2, further emphasized the concern that con- flicts contribute to the spread of HIV, and recognized that \u201cpopulations destabilized by armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters, including refugees, inter- nally displaced persons and in particular women and children, are at increased risk of exposure to HIV infection\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR risk hiv increased rape sexual abuse used tool war illustrated recent conflict haiti liberia sudan.the un general assembly \u2019 2001 declaration commitment hiv\/aids endorsed general assembly resolution a\/res\/s26\/2 emphasized concern con flicts contribute spread hiv recognized \u201c population destabilized armed conflict humanitarian emergency natural disaster including refugee inter nally displaced person particular woman child increased risk exposure hiv infection \u201d ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"AIDS is a global issue. Every region of the world is affected and all are reporting increases in HIV infection rates. There is still no cure and no vaccine. Access to ARV treatment, which mitigates the effects of the virus, is being scaled up in low- and middle-income countries; but an emphasis on preventing new infections remains paramount.HIV\/AIDS challenges human rights and gender relations, aggravates socio-economic crises and undermines \u2018human security\u2019. In the most severely affected countries, AIDS threatens to deplete the supply of skilled labour, reverse economic progress and under- mine food security. It overwhelms health systems and changes the demographic profile of nations.1 In July 2000, Security Council resolution 1308 (S\/RES\/1308) recognized that the \u201cspread of HIV\/AIDS can have a uniquely devastating impact on all sectors and levels of society\u201d.In addition, resolution 1308 recognized that the HIV\/AIDS pandemic is \u201cexacerbated by conditions of violence and instability\u201d. DDR programmes often take place in areas of high HIV\/AIDS prevalence or high-risk environments, and ex-combatants are considered a high-risk group. As noted by the Inter- Agency Standing Committee (IASC), the very characteristics that define a complex emergency, such as conflict, social instability, poverty and powerlessness, are those that favour the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Mass displace- ments can result in the movement of people between high and low HIV\/AIDS prevalence areas, especially with migration towards urban settings. The breakdown of social networks and support mechanisms place women and children at an increased risk of violence, and can force them into having sex to gain access to basic needs such as food, water and security. The risk of HIV is further increased when rape and sexual abuse are used as tools of war, as illustrated by the recent conflicts in Haiti, Liberia and Sudan.The UN General Assembly\u2019s 2001 Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS, endorsed by General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2, further emphasized the concern that con- flicts contribute to the spread of HIV, and recognized that \u201cpopulations destabilized by armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters, including refugees, inter- nally displaced persons and in particular women and children, are at increased risk of exposure to HIV infection\u201d. In some circumstances, however, conflict may actually slow the transmission of HIV in pockets of communities or specific areas, as it restricts access and trade routes, and it is the post-conflict phase including, potentially, the reintegration process, that sees an increase in HIV vulnerability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1133, "Sentence":"In some circumstances, however, conflict may actually slow the transmission of HIV in pockets of communities or specific areas, as it restricts access and trade routes, and it is the post-conflict phase including, potentially, the reintegration process, that sees an increase in HIV vulnerability.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR circumstance however conflict may actually slow transmission hiv pocket community specific area restricts access trade route postconflict phase including potentially reintegration process see increase hiv vulnerability ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"A number of UN resolutions and declarations highlight the obligation to include HIV\/AIDS initiatives in responses to conflict and provide the legal framework for such a requirement: \\n Security Council resolution 1308 (S\/RES\/1308) of 2000 and Presidential Statement (S\/PRST\/2005\/33) of 2005; \\n Security Council resolution 1325 (S\/RES\/1325) of 2000; \\n UN General Assembly HIV\/AIDS Declaration of Commitment of June 2001, endorsed by General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and reiterated by General Assembly A\/RES\/60\/262.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1134, "Sentence":"A number of UN resolutions and declarations highlight the obligation to include HIV\/AIDS initiatives in responses to conflict and provide the legal framework for such a requirement: \\n Security Council resolution 1308 (S\/RES\/1308) of 2000 and Presidential Statement (S\/PRST\/2005\/33) of 2005; \\n Security Council resolution 1325 (S\/RES\/1325) of 2000; \\n UN General Assembly HIV\/AIDS Declaration of Commitment of June 2001, endorsed by General Assembly resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and reiterated by General Assembly A\/RES\/60\/262.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR number un resolution declaration highlight obligation include hiv\/aids initiative response conflict provide legal framework requirement n security council resolution 1308 s\/res\/1308 2000 presidential statement s\/prst\/2005\/33 2005 n security council resolution 1325 s\/res\/1325 2000 n un general assembly hiv\/aids declaration commitment june 2001 endorsed general assembly resolution a\/res\/s26\/2 reiterated general assembly a\/res\/60\/262 ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1. Security Council resolution 1308 and Presidential Statement 2005\/33", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Security Council resolution 1308 (2000) \u201con the responsibility of the Security Council in the maintenance of international peace and security: HIV\/AIDS and international peace- keeping operations\u201d,2 calls for HIV\/AIDS training and prevention programmes for peace- keeping personnel. In addition, by recognizing the devastating impact that HIV\/AIDS has on all sectors of society and by stressing that \u201cthe HIV\/AIDS pandemic, if unchecked, may pose a risk to stability and security\u201d, the resolution points to a broader framework and obli- gation to integrate HIV\/AIDS initiatives into post-conflict programmes, including DDR. Furthermore, the resolution stresses the importance of a coordinated approach among UN agencies, and essentially calls for the mainstreaming of HIV\/AIDS into their respective mandates. Following discussions in 2005 on the implementation of Security Council resolu- tion 1308 (2000), the Security Council Presidential Statement (S\/PRST\/2005\/33) supported the efforts of peacekeeping missions to integrate HIV\/AIDS awareness into their activities and outreach projects for vulnerable communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1135, "Sentence":"Security Council resolution 1308 (2000) \u201con the responsibility of the Security Council in the maintenance of international peace and security: HIV\/AIDS and international peace- keeping operations\u201d,2 calls for HIV\/AIDS training and prevention programmes for peace- keeping personnel.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR security council resolution 1308 2000 \u201c responsibility security council maintenance international peace security hiv\/aids international peace keeping operation \u201d 2 call hiv\/aids training prevention programme peace keeping personnel ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1. Security Council resolution 1308 and Presidential Statement 2005\/33", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Security Council resolution 1308 (2000) \u201con the responsibility of the Security Council in the maintenance of international peace and security: HIV\/AIDS and international peace- keeping operations\u201d,2 calls for HIV\/AIDS training and prevention programmes for peace- keeping personnel. In addition, by recognizing the devastating impact that HIV\/AIDS has on all sectors of society and by stressing that \u201cthe HIV\/AIDS pandemic, if unchecked, may pose a risk to stability and security\u201d, the resolution points to a broader framework and obli- gation to integrate HIV\/AIDS initiatives into post-conflict programmes, including DDR. Furthermore, the resolution stresses the importance of a coordinated approach among UN agencies, and essentially calls for the mainstreaming of HIV\/AIDS into their respective mandates. Following discussions in 2005 on the implementation of Security Council resolu- tion 1308 (2000), the Security Council Presidential Statement (S\/PRST\/2005\/33) supported the efforts of peacekeeping missions to integrate HIV\/AIDS awareness into their activities and outreach projects for vulnerable communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1135, "Sentence":"In addition, by recognizing the devastating impact that HIV\/AIDS has on all sectors of society and by stressing that \u201cthe HIV\/AIDS pandemic, if unchecked, may pose a risk to stability and security\u201d, the resolution points to a broader framework and obli- gation to integrate HIV\/AIDS initiatives into post-conflict programmes, including DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR addition recognizing devastating impact hiv\/aids sector society stressing \u201c hiv\/aids pandemic unchecked may pose risk stability security \u201d resolution point broader framework obli gation integrate hiv\/aids initiative postconflict programme including ddr ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1. Security Council resolution 1308 and Presidential Statement 2005\/33", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Security Council resolution 1308 (2000) \u201con the responsibility of the Security Council in the maintenance of international peace and security: HIV\/AIDS and international peace- keeping operations\u201d,2 calls for HIV\/AIDS training and prevention programmes for peace- keeping personnel. In addition, by recognizing the devastating impact that HIV\/AIDS has on all sectors of society and by stressing that \u201cthe HIV\/AIDS pandemic, if unchecked, may pose a risk to stability and security\u201d, the resolution points to a broader framework and obli- gation to integrate HIV\/AIDS initiatives into post-conflict programmes, including DDR. Furthermore, the resolution stresses the importance of a coordinated approach among UN agencies, and essentially calls for the mainstreaming of HIV\/AIDS into their respective mandates. Following discussions in 2005 on the implementation of Security Council resolu- tion 1308 (2000), the Security Council Presidential Statement (S\/PRST\/2005\/33) supported the efforts of peacekeeping missions to integrate HIV\/AIDS awareness into their activities and outreach projects for vulnerable communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1135, "Sentence":"Furthermore, the resolution stresses the importance of a coordinated approach among UN agencies, and essentially calls for the mainstreaming of HIV\/AIDS into their respective mandates.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR furthermore resolution stress importance coordinated approach among un agency essentially call mainstreaming hiv\/aids respective mandate ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1. Security Council resolution 1308 and Presidential Statement 2005\/33", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Security Council resolution 1308 (2000) \u201con the responsibility of the Security Council in the maintenance of international peace and security: HIV\/AIDS and international peace- keeping operations\u201d,2 calls for HIV\/AIDS training and prevention programmes for peace- keeping personnel. In addition, by recognizing the devastating impact that HIV\/AIDS has on all sectors of society and by stressing that \u201cthe HIV\/AIDS pandemic, if unchecked, may pose a risk to stability and security\u201d, the resolution points to a broader framework and obli- gation to integrate HIV\/AIDS initiatives into post-conflict programmes, including DDR. Furthermore, the resolution stresses the importance of a coordinated approach among UN agencies, and essentially calls for the mainstreaming of HIV\/AIDS into their respective mandates. Following discussions in 2005 on the implementation of Security Council resolu- tion 1308 (2000), the Security Council Presidential Statement (S\/PRST\/2005\/33) supported the efforts of peacekeeping missions to integrate HIV\/AIDS awareness into their activities and outreach projects for vulnerable communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1135, "Sentence":"Following discussions in 2005 on the implementation of Security Council resolu- tion 1308 (2000), the Security Council Presidential Statement (S\/PRST\/2005\/33) supported the efforts of peacekeeping missions to integrate HIV\/AIDS awareness into their activities and outreach projects for vulnerable communities.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR following discussion 2005 implementation security council resolu tion 1308 2000 security council presidential statement s\/prst\/2005\/33 supported effort peacekeeping mission integrate hiv\/aids awareness activity outreach project vulnerable community ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2. Security Council resolution 1325", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) \u201con Women, peace and security\u201d3 encourages \u201call involved in the planning for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependants\u201d. Consideration of HIV\/AIDS interventions and requirements comes under this obligation. Furthermore, the resolution makes specific reference for the need to provide HIV\/AIDS training for military, civilian police, and civilian personnel deployed in peace- keeping operations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1136, "Sentence":"Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) \u201con Women, peace and security\u201d3 encourages \u201call involved in the planning for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependants\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR security council resolution 1325 2000 \u201c woman peace security \u201d 3 encourages \u201c involved planning disarmament demobilization reintegration consider different need female male excombatants take account need dependant \u201d ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2. Security Council resolution 1325", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) \u201con Women, peace and security\u201d3 encourages \u201call involved in the planning for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependants\u201d. Consideration of HIV\/AIDS interventions and requirements comes under this obligation. Furthermore, the resolution makes specific reference for the need to provide HIV\/AIDS training for military, civilian police, and civilian personnel deployed in peace- keeping operations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1136, "Sentence":"Consideration of HIV\/AIDS interventions and requirements comes under this obligation.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR consideration hiv\/aids intervention requirement come obligation ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2. Security Council resolution 1325", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) \u201con Women, peace and security\u201d3 encourages \u201call involved in the planning for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependants\u201d. Consideration of HIV\/AIDS interventions and requirements comes under this obligation. Furthermore, the resolution makes specific reference for the need to provide HIV\/AIDS training for military, civilian police, and civilian personnel deployed in peace- keeping operations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1136, "Sentence":"Furthermore, the resolution makes specific reference for the need to provide HIV\/AIDS training for military, civilian police, and civilian personnel deployed in peace- keeping operations.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR furthermore resolution make specific reference need provide hiv\/aids training military civilian police civilian personnel deployed peace keeping operation ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. General Assembly Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS and General Assembly resolutions A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and A\/RES\/60\/262", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The UN General Assembly Special Session on HIV\/AIDS Declaration of Commitment (June 2001), endorsed by resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and reiterated in 2006 by resolution A\/RES\/ 60\/262, established a common set of targets and agreed strategies to reduce the spread of HIV and mitigate its impact. It called for HIV\/AIDS components to be included in interna- tional assistance programmes in crisis situations. More specifically, in addition to training for personnel involved in peacekeeping operations, the Declaration called on Member States \u201cby 2003 to have in place national strategies to address the spread of HIV among national uniformed services, where this is required, including armed forces and civil defence forces\u201d (para. 77). The obligation to include strategies to address HIV\/AIDS in DDR programmes is clear for two reasons. First, national uniformed (government) forces, directly referred to in the Declaration, and non-State combatants face HIV risks. Second, by extension, there is a need to consider HIV in broader security sector reform (SSR) initiatives and efforts to establish newly integrated national armed service and civil defence forces in post-conflict settings, as DDR is often closely linked to SSR. The Declaration also points to national uniformed services as being a possible resource in themselves for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, calling on Member States to \u201cconsider ways of using personnel from these services who are educated and trained in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention to assist with HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention activities, including participation in emergency, humanitarian, disaster relief and rehabilitation assistance\u201d (para. 77).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1137, "Sentence":"The UN General Assembly Special Session on HIV\/AIDS Declaration of Commitment (June 2001), endorsed by resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and reiterated in 2006 by resolution A\/RES\/ 60\/262, established a common set of targets and agreed strategies to reduce the spread of HIV and mitigate its impact.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR un general assembly special session hiv\/aids declaration commitment june 2001 endorsed resolution a\/res\/s26\/2 reiterated 2006 resolution a\/res\/ 60\/262 established common set target agreed strategy reduce spread hiv mitigate impact ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. General Assembly Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS and General Assembly resolutions A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and A\/RES\/60\/262", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The UN General Assembly Special Session on HIV\/AIDS Declaration of Commitment (June 2001), endorsed by resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and reiterated in 2006 by resolution A\/RES\/ 60\/262, established a common set of targets and agreed strategies to reduce the spread of HIV and mitigate its impact. It called for HIV\/AIDS components to be included in interna- tional assistance programmes in crisis situations. More specifically, in addition to training for personnel involved in peacekeeping operations, the Declaration called on Member States \u201cby 2003 to have in place national strategies to address the spread of HIV among national uniformed services, where this is required, including armed forces and civil defence forces\u201d (para. 77). The obligation to include strategies to address HIV\/AIDS in DDR programmes is clear for two reasons. First, national uniformed (government) forces, directly referred to in the Declaration, and non-State combatants face HIV risks. Second, by extension, there is a need to consider HIV in broader security sector reform (SSR) initiatives and efforts to establish newly integrated national armed service and civil defence forces in post-conflict settings, as DDR is often closely linked to SSR. The Declaration also points to national uniformed services as being a possible resource in themselves for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, calling on Member States to \u201cconsider ways of using personnel from these services who are educated and trained in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention to assist with HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention activities, including participation in emergency, humanitarian, disaster relief and rehabilitation assistance\u201d (para. 77).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1137, "Sentence":"It called for HIV\/AIDS components to be included in interna- tional assistance programmes in crisis situations.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR called hiv\/aids component included interna tional assistance programme crisis situation ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. General Assembly Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS and General Assembly resolutions A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and A\/RES\/60\/262", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The UN General Assembly Special Session on HIV\/AIDS Declaration of Commitment (June 2001), endorsed by resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and reiterated in 2006 by resolution A\/RES\/ 60\/262, established a common set of targets and agreed strategies to reduce the spread of HIV and mitigate its impact. It called for HIV\/AIDS components to be included in interna- tional assistance programmes in crisis situations. More specifically, in addition to training for personnel involved in peacekeeping operations, the Declaration called on Member States \u201cby 2003 to have in place national strategies to address the spread of HIV among national uniformed services, where this is required, including armed forces and civil defence forces\u201d (para. 77). The obligation to include strategies to address HIV\/AIDS in DDR programmes is clear for two reasons. First, national uniformed (government) forces, directly referred to in the Declaration, and non-State combatants face HIV risks. Second, by extension, there is a need to consider HIV in broader security sector reform (SSR) initiatives and efforts to establish newly integrated national armed service and civil defence forces in post-conflict settings, as DDR is often closely linked to SSR. The Declaration also points to national uniformed services as being a possible resource in themselves for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, calling on Member States to \u201cconsider ways of using personnel from these services who are educated and trained in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention to assist with HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention activities, including participation in emergency, humanitarian, disaster relief and rehabilitation assistance\u201d (para. 77).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1137, "Sentence":"More specifically, in addition to training for personnel involved in peacekeeping operations, the Declaration called on Member States \u201cby 2003 to have in place national strategies to address the spread of HIV among national uniformed services, where this is required, including armed forces and civil defence forces\u201d (para.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR specifically addition training personnel involved peacekeeping operation declaration called member state \u201c 2003 place national strategy address spread hiv among national uniformed service required including armed force civil defence force \u201d para ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. General Assembly Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS and General Assembly resolutions A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and A\/RES\/60\/262", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The UN General Assembly Special Session on HIV\/AIDS Declaration of Commitment (June 2001), endorsed by resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and reiterated in 2006 by resolution A\/RES\/ 60\/262, established a common set of targets and agreed strategies to reduce the spread of HIV and mitigate its impact. It called for HIV\/AIDS components to be included in interna- tional assistance programmes in crisis situations. More specifically, in addition to training for personnel involved in peacekeeping operations, the Declaration called on Member States \u201cby 2003 to have in place national strategies to address the spread of HIV among national uniformed services, where this is required, including armed forces and civil defence forces\u201d (para. 77). The obligation to include strategies to address HIV\/AIDS in DDR programmes is clear for two reasons. First, national uniformed (government) forces, directly referred to in the Declaration, and non-State combatants face HIV risks. Second, by extension, there is a need to consider HIV in broader security sector reform (SSR) initiatives and efforts to establish newly integrated national armed service and civil defence forces in post-conflict settings, as DDR is often closely linked to SSR. The Declaration also points to national uniformed services as being a possible resource in themselves for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, calling on Member States to \u201cconsider ways of using personnel from these services who are educated and trained in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention to assist with HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention activities, including participation in emergency, humanitarian, disaster relief and rehabilitation assistance\u201d (para. 77).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1137, "Sentence":"77).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR 77 ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. General Assembly Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS and General Assembly resolutions A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and A\/RES\/60\/262", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The UN General Assembly Special Session on HIV\/AIDS Declaration of Commitment (June 2001), endorsed by resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and reiterated in 2006 by resolution A\/RES\/ 60\/262, established a common set of targets and agreed strategies to reduce the spread of HIV and mitigate its impact. It called for HIV\/AIDS components to be included in interna- tional assistance programmes in crisis situations. More specifically, in addition to training for personnel involved in peacekeeping operations, the Declaration called on Member States \u201cby 2003 to have in place national strategies to address the spread of HIV among national uniformed services, where this is required, including armed forces and civil defence forces\u201d (para. 77). The obligation to include strategies to address HIV\/AIDS in DDR programmes is clear for two reasons. First, national uniformed (government) forces, directly referred to in the Declaration, and non-State combatants face HIV risks. Second, by extension, there is a need to consider HIV in broader security sector reform (SSR) initiatives and efforts to establish newly integrated national armed service and civil defence forces in post-conflict settings, as DDR is often closely linked to SSR. The Declaration also points to national uniformed services as being a possible resource in themselves for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, calling on Member States to \u201cconsider ways of using personnel from these services who are educated and trained in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention to assist with HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention activities, including participation in emergency, humanitarian, disaster relief and rehabilitation assistance\u201d (para. 77).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1137, "Sentence":"The obligation to include strategies to address HIV\/AIDS in DDR programmes is clear for two reasons.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR obligation include strategy address hiv\/aids ddr programme clear two reason ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. General Assembly Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS and General Assembly resolutions A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and A\/RES\/60\/262", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The UN General Assembly Special Session on HIV\/AIDS Declaration of Commitment (June 2001), endorsed by resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and reiterated in 2006 by resolution A\/RES\/ 60\/262, established a common set of targets and agreed strategies to reduce the spread of HIV and mitigate its impact. It called for HIV\/AIDS components to be included in interna- tional assistance programmes in crisis situations. More specifically, in addition to training for personnel involved in peacekeeping operations, the Declaration called on Member States \u201cby 2003 to have in place national strategies to address the spread of HIV among national uniformed services, where this is required, including armed forces and civil defence forces\u201d (para. 77). The obligation to include strategies to address HIV\/AIDS in DDR programmes is clear for two reasons. First, national uniformed (government) forces, directly referred to in the Declaration, and non-State combatants face HIV risks. Second, by extension, there is a need to consider HIV in broader security sector reform (SSR) initiatives and efforts to establish newly integrated national armed service and civil defence forces in post-conflict settings, as DDR is often closely linked to SSR. The Declaration also points to national uniformed services as being a possible resource in themselves for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, calling on Member States to \u201cconsider ways of using personnel from these services who are educated and trained in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention to assist with HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention activities, including participation in emergency, humanitarian, disaster relief and rehabilitation assistance\u201d (para. 77).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1137, "Sentence":"First, national uniformed (government) forces, directly referred to in the Declaration, and non-State combatants face HIV risks.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR first national uniformed government force directly referred declaration nonstate combatant face hiv risk ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. General Assembly Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS and General Assembly resolutions A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and A\/RES\/60\/262", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The UN General Assembly Special Session on HIV\/AIDS Declaration of Commitment (June 2001), endorsed by resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and reiterated in 2006 by resolution A\/RES\/ 60\/262, established a common set of targets and agreed strategies to reduce the spread of HIV and mitigate its impact. It called for HIV\/AIDS components to be included in interna- tional assistance programmes in crisis situations. More specifically, in addition to training for personnel involved in peacekeeping operations, the Declaration called on Member States \u201cby 2003 to have in place national strategies to address the spread of HIV among national uniformed services, where this is required, including armed forces and civil defence forces\u201d (para. 77). The obligation to include strategies to address HIV\/AIDS in DDR programmes is clear for two reasons. First, national uniformed (government) forces, directly referred to in the Declaration, and non-State combatants face HIV risks. Second, by extension, there is a need to consider HIV in broader security sector reform (SSR) initiatives and efforts to establish newly integrated national armed service and civil defence forces in post-conflict settings, as DDR is often closely linked to SSR. The Declaration also points to national uniformed services as being a possible resource in themselves for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, calling on Member States to \u201cconsider ways of using personnel from these services who are educated and trained in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention to assist with HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention activities, including participation in emergency, humanitarian, disaster relief and rehabilitation assistance\u201d (para. 77).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1137, "Sentence":"Second, by extension, there is a need to consider HIV in broader security sector reform (SSR) initiatives and efforts to establish newly integrated national armed service and civil defence forces in post-conflict settings, as DDR is often closely linked to SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR second extension need consider hiv broader security sector reform ssr initiative effort establish newly integrated national armed service civil defence force postconflict setting ddr often closely linked ssr ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. General Assembly Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS and General Assembly resolutions A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and A\/RES\/60\/262", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The UN General Assembly Special Session on HIV\/AIDS Declaration of Commitment (June 2001), endorsed by resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and reiterated in 2006 by resolution A\/RES\/ 60\/262, established a common set of targets and agreed strategies to reduce the spread of HIV and mitigate its impact. It called for HIV\/AIDS components to be included in interna- tional assistance programmes in crisis situations. More specifically, in addition to training for personnel involved in peacekeeping operations, the Declaration called on Member States \u201cby 2003 to have in place national strategies to address the spread of HIV among national uniformed services, where this is required, including armed forces and civil defence forces\u201d (para. 77). The obligation to include strategies to address HIV\/AIDS in DDR programmes is clear for two reasons. First, national uniformed (government) forces, directly referred to in the Declaration, and non-State combatants face HIV risks. Second, by extension, there is a need to consider HIV in broader security sector reform (SSR) initiatives and efforts to establish newly integrated national armed service and civil defence forces in post-conflict settings, as DDR is often closely linked to SSR. The Declaration also points to national uniformed services as being a possible resource in themselves for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, calling on Member States to \u201cconsider ways of using personnel from these services who are educated and trained in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention to assist with HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention activities, including participation in emergency, humanitarian, disaster relief and rehabilitation assistance\u201d (para. 77).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1137, "Sentence":"The Declaration also points to national uniformed services as being a possible resource in themselves for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, calling on Member States to \u201cconsider ways of using personnel from these services who are educated and trained in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention to assist with HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention activities, including participation in emergency, humanitarian, disaster relief and rehabilitation assistance\u201d (para.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR declaration also point national uniformed service possible resource hiv\/aids initiative calling member state \u201c consider way using personnel service educated trained hiv\/aids awareness prevention assist hiv\/aids awareness prevention activity including participation emergency humanitarian disaster relief rehabilitation assistance \u201d para ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3. General Assembly Declaration of Commitment on HIV\/AIDS and General Assembly resolutions A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and A\/RES\/60\/262", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The UN General Assembly Special Session on HIV\/AIDS Declaration of Commitment (June 2001), endorsed by resolution A\/RES\/S-26\/2 and reiterated in 2006 by resolution A\/RES\/ 60\/262, established a common set of targets and agreed strategies to reduce the spread of HIV and mitigate its impact. It called for HIV\/AIDS components to be included in interna- tional assistance programmes in crisis situations. More specifically, in addition to training for personnel involved in peacekeeping operations, the Declaration called on Member States \u201cby 2003 to have in place national strategies to address the spread of HIV among national uniformed services, where this is required, including armed forces and civil defence forces\u201d (para. 77). The obligation to include strategies to address HIV\/AIDS in DDR programmes is clear for two reasons. First, national uniformed (government) forces, directly referred to in the Declaration, and non-State combatants face HIV risks. Second, by extension, there is a need to consider HIV in broader security sector reform (SSR) initiatives and efforts to establish newly integrated national armed service and civil defence forces in post-conflict settings, as DDR is often closely linked to SSR. The Declaration also points to national uniformed services as being a possible resource in themselves for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, calling on Member States to \u201cconsider ways of using personnel from these services who are educated and trained in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention to assist with HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention activities, including participation in emergency, humanitarian, disaster relief and rehabilitation assistance\u201d (para. 77).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1137, "Sentence":"77).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR 77 ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4. Inter-Agency Standing Committee guidelines on HIV\/AIDS interventions in emergency settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The Inter-Agency Standing Committee, which is the primary mechanism for facilitating inter-agency decision-making in response to complex emergencies and natural disasters, issued guidelines in 2004 for HIV\/AIDS interventions in emergency settings. The guide- lines are a practical handbook and planning tool to enable governments and cooperating organizations, including UN agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), to make the minimum required multisectoral response to HIV\/AIDS during the early phase of emergency situations, as well as during the stabilization phase.4 Most of the recommended actions for vulnerable groups are also valid for DDR and addressing HIV\/AIDS among DDR participants (see Annex B).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1138, "Sentence":"The Inter-Agency Standing Committee, which is the primary mechanism for facilitating inter-agency decision-making in response to complex emergencies and natural disasters, issued guidelines in 2004 for HIV\/AIDS interventions in emergency settings.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR interagency standing committee primary mechanism facilitating interagency decisionmaking response complex emergency natural disaster issued guideline 2004 hiv\/aids intervention emergency setting ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4. Inter-Agency Standing Committee guidelines on HIV\/AIDS interventions in emergency settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"The Inter-Agency Standing Committee, which is the primary mechanism for facilitating inter-agency decision-making in response to complex emergencies and natural disasters, issued guidelines in 2004 for HIV\/AIDS interventions in emergency settings. The guide- lines are a practical handbook and planning tool to enable governments and cooperating organizations, including UN agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), to make the minimum required multisectoral response to HIV\/AIDS during the early phase of emergency situations, as well as during the stabilization phase.4 Most of the recommended actions for vulnerable groups are also valid for DDR and addressing HIV\/AIDS among DDR participants (see Annex B).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1138, "Sentence":"The guide- lines are a practical handbook and planning tool to enable governments and cooperating organizations, including UN agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), to make the minimum required multisectoral response to HIV\/AIDS during the early phase of emergency situations, as well as during the stabilization phase.4 Most of the recommended actions for vulnerable groups are also valid for DDR and addressing HIV\/AIDS among DDR participants (see Annex B).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR guide line practical handbook planning tool enable government cooperating organization including un agency nongovernmental organization ngo make minimum required multisectoral response hiv\/aids early phase emergency situation well stabilization phase.4 recommended action vulnerable group also valid ddr addressing hiv\/aids among ddr participant see annex b ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for HIV\/AIDS integration into DDR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As noted in the introduction, a number of factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high-risk environments for the spread of HIV. The age range, mobility and risk taking ethos of armed forces and groups can make them high-risk to HIV \u2014 with some national mili- taries reporting higher rates of HIV than their civilian counterparts \u2014 and \u2018core transmitters\u2019 to the wider population.5 Child soldiers are often (though not always) sexually active at a much earlier age and are therefore potentially exposed to HIV. Female combatants, women associated with fighting forces, abductees and dependants are frequently at high risk, given widespread sexual violence and abuse and because, in situations of insecurity and destitu- tion, sex is often exchanged for basic goods or protection. In some conflicts, drugs have been used to induce in combatants a fighting spirit and a belief in their own invincibility. This not only increases risk behaviour but also, in the case of intravenous drug users, can directly result in HIV infection as the virus can be transmitted through the sharing of in- fected needles.Integrating HIV\/AIDS into DDR initiatives is necessary to meet the immediate health and social needs of the participant and the interests of the wider community, and it is impor- tant for the long-term recovery of the country. The impact of HIV\/AIDS at every level of society undermines development and makes it more difficult for a country to emerge from conflict and achieve social and economic stability. The sustainability of reintegration efforts requires that HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention strategies be directed at DDR partici- pants, beneficiaries and stakeholders in order to prevent increases in HIV rates or more generalized epidemics developing in countries where HIV infection may be mainly limited to particular high-risk groups.Negative community responses to returning former combatants may also arise and make HIV a community security issue. To assist reintegration into communities, it is necessary to counter discrimination against, and stigmatization of, those who are (or are perceived to be) HIV-positive. In some instances, communities have reacted with threats of violence; such responses are largely based on fear because of misinformation about the disease.In cases where SSR follows a DDR process, former combatants may enter into reintegrated\/ reformed military, police and civil defence forces. In many developing countries, ministries of defence and of the interior are reporting high HIV infection rates in the uniformed services, which are compromising command structures and combat readiness. Increasingly, there are national policies of screening recruits and excluding those who are HIV-positive. Engaging in HIV\/AIDS prevention at the outset of DDR will help to reduce new in- fections, thus \u2014 where national policies of HIV screening are in place \u2014 increasing the pool of potential candidates for recruitment, and will assist in planning for alternative occu- pational support and training for those found to be HIV-positive.6DDR programmes offer a unique opportunity to target high-risk groups for sensitization. In addition, with the right engagement and training, former combatants have the potential to become \u2018change agents\u2019, assisting in their communities with HIV\/AIDS prevention activi- ties, and so becoming part of the solution rather than being perceived as part of the problem.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1139, "Sentence":"As noted in the introduction, a number of factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high-risk environments for the spread of HIV.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR noted introduction number factor make conflict postconflict setting highrisk environment spread hiv ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for HIV\/AIDS integration into DDR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As noted in the introduction, a number of factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high-risk environments for the spread of HIV. The age range, mobility and risk taking ethos of armed forces and groups can make them high-risk to HIV \u2014 with some national mili- taries reporting higher rates of HIV than their civilian counterparts \u2014 and \u2018core transmitters\u2019 to the wider population.5 Child soldiers are often (though not always) sexually active at a much earlier age and are therefore potentially exposed to HIV. Female combatants, women associated with fighting forces, abductees and dependants are frequently at high risk, given widespread sexual violence and abuse and because, in situations of insecurity and destitu- tion, sex is often exchanged for basic goods or protection. In some conflicts, drugs have been used to induce in combatants a fighting spirit and a belief in their own invincibility. This not only increases risk behaviour but also, in the case of intravenous drug users, can directly result in HIV infection as the virus can be transmitted through the sharing of in- fected needles.Integrating HIV\/AIDS into DDR initiatives is necessary to meet the immediate health and social needs of the participant and the interests of the wider community, and it is impor- tant for the long-term recovery of the country. The impact of HIV\/AIDS at every level of society undermines development and makes it more difficult for a country to emerge from conflict and achieve social and economic stability. The sustainability of reintegration efforts requires that HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention strategies be directed at DDR partici- pants, beneficiaries and stakeholders in order to prevent increases in HIV rates or more generalized epidemics developing in countries where HIV infection may be mainly limited to particular high-risk groups.Negative community responses to returning former combatants may also arise and make HIV a community security issue. To assist reintegration into communities, it is necessary to counter discrimination against, and stigmatization of, those who are (or are perceived to be) HIV-positive. In some instances, communities have reacted with threats of violence; such responses are largely based on fear because of misinformation about the disease.In cases where SSR follows a DDR process, former combatants may enter into reintegrated\/ reformed military, police and civil defence forces. In many developing countries, ministries of defence and of the interior are reporting high HIV infection rates in the uniformed services, which are compromising command structures and combat readiness. Increasingly, there are national policies of screening recruits and excluding those who are HIV-positive. Engaging in HIV\/AIDS prevention at the outset of DDR will help to reduce new in- fections, thus \u2014 where national policies of HIV screening are in place \u2014 increasing the pool of potential candidates for recruitment, and will assist in planning for alternative occu- pational support and training for those found to be HIV-positive.6DDR programmes offer a unique opportunity to target high-risk groups for sensitization. In addition, with the right engagement and training, former combatants have the potential to become \u2018change agents\u2019, assisting in their communities with HIV\/AIDS prevention activi- ties, and so becoming part of the solution rather than being perceived as part of the problem.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1139, "Sentence":"The age range, mobility and risk taking ethos of armed forces and groups can make them high-risk to HIV \u2014 with some national mili- taries reporting higher rates of HIV than their civilian counterparts \u2014 and \u2018core transmitters\u2019 to the wider population.5 Child soldiers are often (though not always) sexually active at a much earlier age and are therefore potentially exposed to HIV.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR age range mobility risk taking ethos armed force group make highrisk hiv \u2014 national mili taries reporting higher rate hiv civilian counterpart \u2014 \u2018 core transmitter \u2019 wider population.5 child soldier often though always sexually active much earlier age therefore potentially exposed hiv ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for HIV\/AIDS integration into DDR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As noted in the introduction, a number of factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high-risk environments for the spread of HIV. The age range, mobility and risk taking ethos of armed forces and groups can make them high-risk to HIV \u2014 with some national mili- taries reporting higher rates of HIV than their civilian counterparts \u2014 and \u2018core transmitters\u2019 to the wider population.5 Child soldiers are often (though not always) sexually active at a much earlier age and are therefore potentially exposed to HIV. Female combatants, women associated with fighting forces, abductees and dependants are frequently at high risk, given widespread sexual violence and abuse and because, in situations of insecurity and destitu- tion, sex is often exchanged for basic goods or protection. In some conflicts, drugs have been used to induce in combatants a fighting spirit and a belief in their own invincibility. This not only increases risk behaviour but also, in the case of intravenous drug users, can directly result in HIV infection as the virus can be transmitted through the sharing of in- fected needles.Integrating HIV\/AIDS into DDR initiatives is necessary to meet the immediate health and social needs of the participant and the interests of the wider community, and it is impor- tant for the long-term recovery of the country. The impact of HIV\/AIDS at every level of society undermines development and makes it more difficult for a country to emerge from conflict and achieve social and economic stability. The sustainability of reintegration efforts requires that HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention strategies be directed at DDR partici- pants, beneficiaries and stakeholders in order to prevent increases in HIV rates or more generalized epidemics developing in countries where HIV infection may be mainly limited to particular high-risk groups.Negative community responses to returning former combatants may also arise and make HIV a community security issue. To assist reintegration into communities, it is necessary to counter discrimination against, and stigmatization of, those who are (or are perceived to be) HIV-positive. In some instances, communities have reacted with threats of violence; such responses are largely based on fear because of misinformation about the disease.In cases where SSR follows a DDR process, former combatants may enter into reintegrated\/ reformed military, police and civil defence forces. In many developing countries, ministries of defence and of the interior are reporting high HIV infection rates in the uniformed services, which are compromising command structures and combat readiness. Increasingly, there are national policies of screening recruits and excluding those who are HIV-positive. Engaging in HIV\/AIDS prevention at the outset of DDR will help to reduce new in- fections, thus \u2014 where national policies of HIV screening are in place \u2014 increasing the pool of potential candidates for recruitment, and will assist in planning for alternative occu- pational support and training for those found to be HIV-positive.6DDR programmes offer a unique opportunity to target high-risk groups for sensitization. In addition, with the right engagement and training, former combatants have the potential to become \u2018change agents\u2019, assisting in their communities with HIV\/AIDS prevention activi- ties, and so becoming part of the solution rather than being perceived as part of the problem.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1139, "Sentence":"Female combatants, women associated with fighting forces, abductees and dependants are frequently at high risk, given widespread sexual violence and abuse and because, in situations of insecurity and destitu- tion, sex is often exchanged for basic goods or protection.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR female combatant woman associated fighting force abductees dependant frequently high risk given widespread sexual violence abuse situation insecurity destitu tion sex often exchanged basic good protection ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for HIV\/AIDS integration into DDR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As noted in the introduction, a number of factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high-risk environments for the spread of HIV. The age range, mobility and risk taking ethos of armed forces and groups can make them high-risk to HIV \u2014 with some national mili- taries reporting higher rates of HIV than their civilian counterparts \u2014 and \u2018core transmitters\u2019 to the wider population.5 Child soldiers are often (though not always) sexually active at a much earlier age and are therefore potentially exposed to HIV. Female combatants, women associated with fighting forces, abductees and dependants are frequently at high risk, given widespread sexual violence and abuse and because, in situations of insecurity and destitu- tion, sex is often exchanged for basic goods or protection. In some conflicts, drugs have been used to induce in combatants a fighting spirit and a belief in their own invincibility. This not only increases risk behaviour but also, in the case of intravenous drug users, can directly result in HIV infection as the virus can be transmitted through the sharing of in- fected needles.Integrating HIV\/AIDS into DDR initiatives is necessary to meet the immediate health and social needs of the participant and the interests of the wider community, and it is impor- tant for the long-term recovery of the country. The impact of HIV\/AIDS at every level of society undermines development and makes it more difficult for a country to emerge from conflict and achieve social and economic stability. The sustainability of reintegration efforts requires that HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention strategies be directed at DDR partici- pants, beneficiaries and stakeholders in order to prevent increases in HIV rates or more generalized epidemics developing in countries where HIV infection may be mainly limited to particular high-risk groups.Negative community responses to returning former combatants may also arise and make HIV a community security issue. To assist reintegration into communities, it is necessary to counter discrimination against, and stigmatization of, those who are (or are perceived to be) HIV-positive. In some instances, communities have reacted with threats of violence; such responses are largely based on fear because of misinformation about the disease.In cases where SSR follows a DDR process, former combatants may enter into reintegrated\/ reformed military, police and civil defence forces. In many developing countries, ministries of defence and of the interior are reporting high HIV infection rates in the uniformed services, which are compromising command structures and combat readiness. Increasingly, there are national policies of screening recruits and excluding those who are HIV-positive. Engaging in HIV\/AIDS prevention at the outset of DDR will help to reduce new in- fections, thus \u2014 where national policies of HIV screening are in place \u2014 increasing the pool of potential candidates for recruitment, and will assist in planning for alternative occu- pational support and training for those found to be HIV-positive.6DDR programmes offer a unique opportunity to target high-risk groups for sensitization. In addition, with the right engagement and training, former combatants have the potential to become \u2018change agents\u2019, assisting in their communities with HIV\/AIDS prevention activi- ties, and so becoming part of the solution rather than being perceived as part of the problem.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1139, "Sentence":"In some conflicts, drugs have been used to induce in combatants a fighting spirit and a belief in their own invincibility.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR conflict drug used induce combatant fighting spirit belief invincibility ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for HIV\/AIDS integration into DDR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As noted in the introduction, a number of factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high-risk environments for the spread of HIV. The age range, mobility and risk taking ethos of armed forces and groups can make them high-risk to HIV \u2014 with some national mili- taries reporting higher rates of HIV than their civilian counterparts \u2014 and \u2018core transmitters\u2019 to the wider population.5 Child soldiers are often (though not always) sexually active at a much earlier age and are therefore potentially exposed to HIV. Female combatants, women associated with fighting forces, abductees and dependants are frequently at high risk, given widespread sexual violence and abuse and because, in situations of insecurity and destitu- tion, sex is often exchanged for basic goods or protection. In some conflicts, drugs have been used to induce in combatants a fighting spirit and a belief in their own invincibility. This not only increases risk behaviour but also, in the case of intravenous drug users, can directly result in HIV infection as the virus can be transmitted through the sharing of in- fected needles.Integrating HIV\/AIDS into DDR initiatives is necessary to meet the immediate health and social needs of the participant and the interests of the wider community, and it is impor- tant for the long-term recovery of the country. The impact of HIV\/AIDS at every level of society undermines development and makes it more difficult for a country to emerge from conflict and achieve social and economic stability. The sustainability of reintegration efforts requires that HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention strategies be directed at DDR partici- pants, beneficiaries and stakeholders in order to prevent increases in HIV rates or more generalized epidemics developing in countries where HIV infection may be mainly limited to particular high-risk groups.Negative community responses to returning former combatants may also arise and make HIV a community security issue. To assist reintegration into communities, it is necessary to counter discrimination against, and stigmatization of, those who are (or are perceived to be) HIV-positive. In some instances, communities have reacted with threats of violence; such responses are largely based on fear because of misinformation about the disease.In cases where SSR follows a DDR process, former combatants may enter into reintegrated\/ reformed military, police and civil defence forces. In many developing countries, ministries of defence and of the interior are reporting high HIV infection rates in the uniformed services, which are compromising command structures and combat readiness. Increasingly, there are national policies of screening recruits and excluding those who are HIV-positive. Engaging in HIV\/AIDS prevention at the outset of DDR will help to reduce new in- fections, thus \u2014 where national policies of HIV screening are in place \u2014 increasing the pool of potential candidates for recruitment, and will assist in planning for alternative occu- pational support and training for those found to be HIV-positive.6DDR programmes offer a unique opportunity to target high-risk groups for sensitization. In addition, with the right engagement and training, former combatants have the potential to become \u2018change agents\u2019, assisting in their communities with HIV\/AIDS prevention activi- ties, and so becoming part of the solution rather than being perceived as part of the problem.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1139, "Sentence":"This not only increases risk behaviour but also, in the case of intravenous drug users, can directly result in HIV infection as the virus can be transmitted through the sharing of in- fected needles.Integrating HIV\/AIDS into DDR initiatives is necessary to meet the immediate health and social needs of the participant and the interests of the wider community, and it is impor- tant for the long-term recovery of the country.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR increase risk behaviour also case intravenous drug user directly result hiv infection virus transmitted sharing fected needles.integrating hiv\/aids ddr initiative necessary meet immediate health social need participant interest wider community impor tant longterm recovery country ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for HIV\/AIDS integration into DDR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As noted in the introduction, a number of factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high-risk environments for the spread of HIV. The age range, mobility and risk taking ethos of armed forces and groups can make them high-risk to HIV \u2014 with some national mili- taries reporting higher rates of HIV than their civilian counterparts \u2014 and \u2018core transmitters\u2019 to the wider population.5 Child soldiers are often (though not always) sexually active at a much earlier age and are therefore potentially exposed to HIV. Female combatants, women associated with fighting forces, abductees and dependants are frequently at high risk, given widespread sexual violence and abuse and because, in situations of insecurity and destitu- tion, sex is often exchanged for basic goods or protection. In some conflicts, drugs have been used to induce in combatants a fighting spirit and a belief in their own invincibility. This not only increases risk behaviour but also, in the case of intravenous drug users, can directly result in HIV infection as the virus can be transmitted through the sharing of in- fected needles.Integrating HIV\/AIDS into DDR initiatives is necessary to meet the immediate health and social needs of the participant and the interests of the wider community, and it is impor- tant for the long-term recovery of the country. The impact of HIV\/AIDS at every level of society undermines development and makes it more difficult for a country to emerge from conflict and achieve social and economic stability. The sustainability of reintegration efforts requires that HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention strategies be directed at DDR partici- pants, beneficiaries and stakeholders in order to prevent increases in HIV rates or more generalized epidemics developing in countries where HIV infection may be mainly limited to particular high-risk groups.Negative community responses to returning former combatants may also arise and make HIV a community security issue. To assist reintegration into communities, it is necessary to counter discrimination against, and stigmatization of, those who are (or are perceived to be) HIV-positive. In some instances, communities have reacted with threats of violence; such responses are largely based on fear because of misinformation about the disease.In cases where SSR follows a DDR process, former combatants may enter into reintegrated\/ reformed military, police and civil defence forces. In many developing countries, ministries of defence and of the interior are reporting high HIV infection rates in the uniformed services, which are compromising command structures and combat readiness. Increasingly, there are national policies of screening recruits and excluding those who are HIV-positive. Engaging in HIV\/AIDS prevention at the outset of DDR will help to reduce new in- fections, thus \u2014 where national policies of HIV screening are in place \u2014 increasing the pool of potential candidates for recruitment, and will assist in planning for alternative occu- pational support and training for those found to be HIV-positive.6DDR programmes offer a unique opportunity to target high-risk groups for sensitization. In addition, with the right engagement and training, former combatants have the potential to become \u2018change agents\u2019, assisting in their communities with HIV\/AIDS prevention activi- ties, and so becoming part of the solution rather than being perceived as part of the problem.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1139, "Sentence":"The impact of HIV\/AIDS at every level of society undermines development and makes it more difficult for a country to emerge from conflict and achieve social and economic stability.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR impact hiv\/aids every level society undermines development make difficult country emerge conflict achieve social economic stability ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for HIV\/AIDS integration into DDR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As noted in the introduction, a number of factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high-risk environments for the spread of HIV. The age range, mobility and risk taking ethos of armed forces and groups can make them high-risk to HIV \u2014 with some national mili- taries reporting higher rates of HIV than their civilian counterparts \u2014 and \u2018core transmitters\u2019 to the wider population.5 Child soldiers are often (though not always) sexually active at a much earlier age and are therefore potentially exposed to HIV. Female combatants, women associated with fighting forces, abductees and dependants are frequently at high risk, given widespread sexual violence and abuse and because, in situations of insecurity and destitu- tion, sex is often exchanged for basic goods or protection. In some conflicts, drugs have been used to induce in combatants a fighting spirit and a belief in their own invincibility. This not only increases risk behaviour but also, in the case of intravenous drug users, can directly result in HIV infection as the virus can be transmitted through the sharing of in- fected needles.Integrating HIV\/AIDS into DDR initiatives is necessary to meet the immediate health and social needs of the participant and the interests of the wider community, and it is impor- tant for the long-term recovery of the country. The impact of HIV\/AIDS at every level of society undermines development and makes it more difficult for a country to emerge from conflict and achieve social and economic stability. The sustainability of reintegration efforts requires that HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention strategies be directed at DDR partici- pants, beneficiaries and stakeholders in order to prevent increases in HIV rates or more generalized epidemics developing in countries where HIV infection may be mainly limited to particular high-risk groups.Negative community responses to returning former combatants may also arise and make HIV a community security issue. To assist reintegration into communities, it is necessary to counter discrimination against, and stigmatization of, those who are (or are perceived to be) HIV-positive. In some instances, communities have reacted with threats of violence; such responses are largely based on fear because of misinformation about the disease.In cases where SSR follows a DDR process, former combatants may enter into reintegrated\/ reformed military, police and civil defence forces. In many developing countries, ministries of defence and of the interior are reporting high HIV infection rates in the uniformed services, which are compromising command structures and combat readiness. Increasingly, there are national policies of screening recruits and excluding those who are HIV-positive. Engaging in HIV\/AIDS prevention at the outset of DDR will help to reduce new in- fections, thus \u2014 where national policies of HIV screening are in place \u2014 increasing the pool of potential candidates for recruitment, and will assist in planning for alternative occu- pational support and training for those found to be HIV-positive.6DDR programmes offer a unique opportunity to target high-risk groups for sensitization. In addition, with the right engagement and training, former combatants have the potential to become \u2018change agents\u2019, assisting in their communities with HIV\/AIDS prevention activi- ties, and so becoming part of the solution rather than being perceived as part of the problem.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1139, "Sentence":"The sustainability of reintegration efforts requires that HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention strategies be directed at DDR partici- pants, beneficiaries and stakeholders in order to prevent increases in HIV rates or more generalized epidemics developing in countries where HIV infection may be mainly limited to particular high-risk groups.Negative community responses to returning former combatants may also arise and make HIV a community security issue.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR sustainability reintegration effort requires hiv\/aids awareness prevention strategy directed ddr partici pant beneficiary stakeholder order prevent increase hiv rate generalized epidemic developing country hiv infection may mainly limited particular highrisk groups.negative community response returning former combatant may also arise make hiv community security issue ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for HIV\/AIDS integration into DDR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As noted in the introduction, a number of factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high-risk environments for the spread of HIV. The age range, mobility and risk taking ethos of armed forces and groups can make them high-risk to HIV \u2014 with some national mili- taries reporting higher rates of HIV than their civilian counterparts \u2014 and \u2018core transmitters\u2019 to the wider population.5 Child soldiers are often (though not always) sexually active at a much earlier age and are therefore potentially exposed to HIV. Female combatants, women associated with fighting forces, abductees and dependants are frequently at high risk, given widespread sexual violence and abuse and because, in situations of insecurity and destitu- tion, sex is often exchanged for basic goods or protection. In some conflicts, drugs have been used to induce in combatants a fighting spirit and a belief in their own invincibility. This not only increases risk behaviour but also, in the case of intravenous drug users, can directly result in HIV infection as the virus can be transmitted through the sharing of in- fected needles.Integrating HIV\/AIDS into DDR initiatives is necessary to meet the immediate health and social needs of the participant and the interests of the wider community, and it is impor- tant for the long-term recovery of the country. The impact of HIV\/AIDS at every level of society undermines development and makes it more difficult for a country to emerge from conflict and achieve social and economic stability. The sustainability of reintegration efforts requires that HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention strategies be directed at DDR partici- pants, beneficiaries and stakeholders in order to prevent increases in HIV rates or more generalized epidemics developing in countries where HIV infection may be mainly limited to particular high-risk groups.Negative community responses to returning former combatants may also arise and make HIV a community security issue. To assist reintegration into communities, it is necessary to counter discrimination against, and stigmatization of, those who are (or are perceived to be) HIV-positive. In some instances, communities have reacted with threats of violence; such responses are largely based on fear because of misinformation about the disease.In cases where SSR follows a DDR process, former combatants may enter into reintegrated\/ reformed military, police and civil defence forces. In many developing countries, ministries of defence and of the interior are reporting high HIV infection rates in the uniformed services, which are compromising command structures and combat readiness. Increasingly, there are national policies of screening recruits and excluding those who are HIV-positive. Engaging in HIV\/AIDS prevention at the outset of DDR will help to reduce new in- fections, thus \u2014 where national policies of HIV screening are in place \u2014 increasing the pool of potential candidates for recruitment, and will assist in planning for alternative occu- pational support and training for those found to be HIV-positive.6DDR programmes offer a unique opportunity to target high-risk groups for sensitization. In addition, with the right engagement and training, former combatants have the potential to become \u2018change agents\u2019, assisting in their communities with HIV\/AIDS prevention activi- ties, and so becoming part of the solution rather than being perceived as part of the problem.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1139, "Sentence":"To assist reintegration into communities, it is necessary to counter discrimination against, and stigmatization of, those who are (or are perceived to be) HIV-positive.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR assist reintegration community necessary counter discrimination stigmatization perceived hivpositive ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for HIV\/AIDS integration into DDR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As noted in the introduction, a number of factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high-risk environments for the spread of HIV. The age range, mobility and risk taking ethos of armed forces and groups can make them high-risk to HIV \u2014 with some national mili- taries reporting higher rates of HIV than their civilian counterparts \u2014 and \u2018core transmitters\u2019 to the wider population.5 Child soldiers are often (though not always) sexually active at a much earlier age and are therefore potentially exposed to HIV. Female combatants, women associated with fighting forces, abductees and dependants are frequently at high risk, given widespread sexual violence and abuse and because, in situations of insecurity and destitu- tion, sex is often exchanged for basic goods or protection. In some conflicts, drugs have been used to induce in combatants a fighting spirit and a belief in their own invincibility. This not only increases risk behaviour but also, in the case of intravenous drug users, can directly result in HIV infection as the virus can be transmitted through the sharing of in- fected needles.Integrating HIV\/AIDS into DDR initiatives is necessary to meet the immediate health and social needs of the participant and the interests of the wider community, and it is impor- tant for the long-term recovery of the country. The impact of HIV\/AIDS at every level of society undermines development and makes it more difficult for a country to emerge from conflict and achieve social and economic stability. The sustainability of reintegration efforts requires that HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention strategies be directed at DDR partici- pants, beneficiaries and stakeholders in order to prevent increases in HIV rates or more generalized epidemics developing in countries where HIV infection may be mainly limited to particular high-risk groups.Negative community responses to returning former combatants may also arise and make HIV a community security issue. To assist reintegration into communities, it is necessary to counter discrimination against, and stigmatization of, those who are (or are perceived to be) HIV-positive. In some instances, communities have reacted with threats of violence; such responses are largely based on fear because of misinformation about the disease.In cases where SSR follows a DDR process, former combatants may enter into reintegrated\/ reformed military, police and civil defence forces. In many developing countries, ministries of defence and of the interior are reporting high HIV infection rates in the uniformed services, which are compromising command structures and combat readiness. Increasingly, there are national policies of screening recruits and excluding those who are HIV-positive. Engaging in HIV\/AIDS prevention at the outset of DDR will help to reduce new in- fections, thus \u2014 where national policies of HIV screening are in place \u2014 increasing the pool of potential candidates for recruitment, and will assist in planning for alternative occu- pational support and training for those found to be HIV-positive.6DDR programmes offer a unique opportunity to target high-risk groups for sensitization. In addition, with the right engagement and training, former combatants have the potential to become \u2018change agents\u2019, assisting in their communities with HIV\/AIDS prevention activi- ties, and so becoming part of the solution rather than being perceived as part of the problem.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1139, "Sentence":"In some instances, communities have reacted with threats of violence; such responses are largely based on fear because of misinformation about the disease.In cases where SSR follows a DDR process, former combatants may enter into reintegrated\/ reformed military, police and civil defence forces.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR instance community reacted threat violence response largely based fear misinformation disease.in case ssr follows ddr process former combatant may enter reintegrated\/ reformed military police civil defence force ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for HIV\/AIDS integration into DDR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As noted in the introduction, a number of factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high-risk environments for the spread of HIV. The age range, mobility and risk taking ethos of armed forces and groups can make them high-risk to HIV \u2014 with some national mili- taries reporting higher rates of HIV than their civilian counterparts \u2014 and \u2018core transmitters\u2019 to the wider population.5 Child soldiers are often (though not always) sexually active at a much earlier age and are therefore potentially exposed to HIV. Female combatants, women associated with fighting forces, abductees and dependants are frequently at high risk, given widespread sexual violence and abuse and because, in situations of insecurity and destitu- tion, sex is often exchanged for basic goods or protection. In some conflicts, drugs have been used to induce in combatants a fighting spirit and a belief in their own invincibility. This not only increases risk behaviour but also, in the case of intravenous drug users, can directly result in HIV infection as the virus can be transmitted through the sharing of in- fected needles.Integrating HIV\/AIDS into DDR initiatives is necessary to meet the immediate health and social needs of the participant and the interests of the wider community, and it is impor- tant for the long-term recovery of the country. The impact of HIV\/AIDS at every level of society undermines development and makes it more difficult for a country to emerge from conflict and achieve social and economic stability. The sustainability of reintegration efforts requires that HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention strategies be directed at DDR partici- pants, beneficiaries and stakeholders in order to prevent increases in HIV rates or more generalized epidemics developing in countries where HIV infection may be mainly limited to particular high-risk groups.Negative community responses to returning former combatants may also arise and make HIV a community security issue. To assist reintegration into communities, it is necessary to counter discrimination against, and stigmatization of, those who are (or are perceived to be) HIV-positive. In some instances, communities have reacted with threats of violence; such responses are largely based on fear because of misinformation about the disease.In cases where SSR follows a DDR process, former combatants may enter into reintegrated\/ reformed military, police and civil defence forces. In many developing countries, ministries of defence and of the interior are reporting high HIV infection rates in the uniformed services, which are compromising command structures and combat readiness. Increasingly, there are national policies of screening recruits and excluding those who are HIV-positive. Engaging in HIV\/AIDS prevention at the outset of DDR will help to reduce new in- fections, thus \u2014 where national policies of HIV screening are in place \u2014 increasing the pool of potential candidates for recruitment, and will assist in planning for alternative occu- pational support and training for those found to be HIV-positive.6DDR programmes offer a unique opportunity to target high-risk groups for sensitization. In addition, with the right engagement and training, former combatants have the potential to become \u2018change agents\u2019, assisting in their communities with HIV\/AIDS prevention activi- ties, and so becoming part of the solution rather than being perceived as part of the problem.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1139, "Sentence":"In many developing countries, ministries of defence and of the interior are reporting high HIV infection rates in the uniformed services, which are compromising command structures and combat readiness.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR many developing country ministry defence interior reporting high hiv infection rate uniformed service compromising command structure combat readiness ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for HIV\/AIDS integration into DDR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As noted in the introduction, a number of factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high-risk environments for the spread of HIV. The age range, mobility and risk taking ethos of armed forces and groups can make them high-risk to HIV \u2014 with some national mili- taries reporting higher rates of HIV than their civilian counterparts \u2014 and \u2018core transmitters\u2019 to the wider population.5 Child soldiers are often (though not always) sexually active at a much earlier age and are therefore potentially exposed to HIV. Female combatants, women associated with fighting forces, abductees and dependants are frequently at high risk, given widespread sexual violence and abuse and because, in situations of insecurity and destitu- tion, sex is often exchanged for basic goods or protection. In some conflicts, drugs have been used to induce in combatants a fighting spirit and a belief in their own invincibility. This not only increases risk behaviour but also, in the case of intravenous drug users, can directly result in HIV infection as the virus can be transmitted through the sharing of in- fected needles.Integrating HIV\/AIDS into DDR initiatives is necessary to meet the immediate health and social needs of the participant and the interests of the wider community, and it is impor- tant for the long-term recovery of the country. The impact of HIV\/AIDS at every level of society undermines development and makes it more difficult for a country to emerge from conflict and achieve social and economic stability. The sustainability of reintegration efforts requires that HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention strategies be directed at DDR partici- pants, beneficiaries and stakeholders in order to prevent increases in HIV rates or more generalized epidemics developing in countries where HIV infection may be mainly limited to particular high-risk groups.Negative community responses to returning former combatants may also arise and make HIV a community security issue. To assist reintegration into communities, it is necessary to counter discrimination against, and stigmatization of, those who are (or are perceived to be) HIV-positive. In some instances, communities have reacted with threats of violence; such responses are largely based on fear because of misinformation about the disease.In cases where SSR follows a DDR process, former combatants may enter into reintegrated\/ reformed military, police and civil defence forces. In many developing countries, ministries of defence and of the interior are reporting high HIV infection rates in the uniformed services, which are compromising command structures and combat readiness. Increasingly, there are national policies of screening recruits and excluding those who are HIV-positive. Engaging in HIV\/AIDS prevention at the outset of DDR will help to reduce new in- fections, thus \u2014 where national policies of HIV screening are in place \u2014 increasing the pool of potential candidates for recruitment, and will assist in planning for alternative occu- pational support and training for those found to be HIV-positive.6DDR programmes offer a unique opportunity to target high-risk groups for sensitization. In addition, with the right engagement and training, former combatants have the potential to become \u2018change agents\u2019, assisting in their communities with HIV\/AIDS prevention activi- ties, and so becoming part of the solution rather than being perceived as part of the problem.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1139, "Sentence":"Increasingly, there are national policies of screening recruits and excluding those who are HIV-positive.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR increasingly national policy screening recruit excluding hivpositive ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for HIV\/AIDS integration into DDR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As noted in the introduction, a number of factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high-risk environments for the spread of HIV. The age range, mobility and risk taking ethos of armed forces and groups can make them high-risk to HIV \u2014 with some national mili- taries reporting higher rates of HIV than their civilian counterparts \u2014 and \u2018core transmitters\u2019 to the wider population.5 Child soldiers are often (though not always) sexually active at a much earlier age and are therefore potentially exposed to HIV. Female combatants, women associated with fighting forces, abductees and dependants are frequently at high risk, given widespread sexual violence and abuse and because, in situations of insecurity and destitu- tion, sex is often exchanged for basic goods or protection. In some conflicts, drugs have been used to induce in combatants a fighting spirit and a belief in their own invincibility. This not only increases risk behaviour but also, in the case of intravenous drug users, can directly result in HIV infection as the virus can be transmitted through the sharing of in- fected needles.Integrating HIV\/AIDS into DDR initiatives is necessary to meet the immediate health and social needs of the participant and the interests of the wider community, and it is impor- tant for the long-term recovery of the country. The impact of HIV\/AIDS at every level of society undermines development and makes it more difficult for a country to emerge from conflict and achieve social and economic stability. The sustainability of reintegration efforts requires that HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention strategies be directed at DDR partici- pants, beneficiaries and stakeholders in order to prevent increases in HIV rates or more generalized epidemics developing in countries where HIV infection may be mainly limited to particular high-risk groups.Negative community responses to returning former combatants may also arise and make HIV a community security issue. To assist reintegration into communities, it is necessary to counter discrimination against, and stigmatization of, those who are (or are perceived to be) HIV-positive. In some instances, communities have reacted with threats of violence; such responses are largely based on fear because of misinformation about the disease.In cases where SSR follows a DDR process, former combatants may enter into reintegrated\/ reformed military, police and civil defence forces. In many developing countries, ministries of defence and of the interior are reporting high HIV infection rates in the uniformed services, which are compromising command structures and combat readiness. Increasingly, there are national policies of screening recruits and excluding those who are HIV-positive. Engaging in HIV\/AIDS prevention at the outset of DDR will help to reduce new in- fections, thus \u2014 where national policies of HIV screening are in place \u2014 increasing the pool of potential candidates for recruitment, and will assist in planning for alternative occu- pational support and training for those found to be HIV-positive.6DDR programmes offer a unique opportunity to target high-risk groups for sensitization. In addition, with the right engagement and training, former combatants have the potential to become \u2018change agents\u2019, assisting in their communities with HIV\/AIDS prevention activi- ties, and so becoming part of the solution rather than being perceived as part of the problem.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1139, "Sentence":"Engaging in HIV\/AIDS prevention at the outset of DDR will help to reduce new in- fections, thus \u2014 where national policies of HIV screening are in place \u2014 increasing the pool of potential candidates for recruitment, and will assist in planning for alternative occu- pational support and training for those found to be HIV-positive.6DDR programmes offer a unique opportunity to target high-risk groups for sensitization.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR engaging hiv\/aids prevention outset ddr help reduce new fections thus \u2014 national policy hiv screening place \u2014 increasing pool potential candidate recruitment assist planning alternative occu pational support training found hivpositive.6ddr programme offer unique opportunity target highrisk group sensitization ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for HIV\/AIDS integration into DDR programming", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As noted in the introduction, a number of factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high-risk environments for the spread of HIV. The age range, mobility and risk taking ethos of armed forces and groups can make them high-risk to HIV \u2014 with some national mili- taries reporting higher rates of HIV than their civilian counterparts \u2014 and \u2018core transmitters\u2019 to the wider population.5 Child soldiers are often (though not always) sexually active at a much earlier age and are therefore potentially exposed to HIV. Female combatants, women associated with fighting forces, abductees and dependants are frequently at high risk, given widespread sexual violence and abuse and because, in situations of insecurity and destitu- tion, sex is often exchanged for basic goods or protection. In some conflicts, drugs have been used to induce in combatants a fighting spirit and a belief in their own invincibility. This not only increases risk behaviour but also, in the case of intravenous drug users, can directly result in HIV infection as the virus can be transmitted through the sharing of in- fected needles.Integrating HIV\/AIDS into DDR initiatives is necessary to meet the immediate health and social needs of the participant and the interests of the wider community, and it is impor- tant for the long-term recovery of the country. The impact of HIV\/AIDS at every level of society undermines development and makes it more difficult for a country to emerge from conflict and achieve social and economic stability. The sustainability of reintegration efforts requires that HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention strategies be directed at DDR partici- pants, beneficiaries and stakeholders in order to prevent increases in HIV rates or more generalized epidemics developing in countries where HIV infection may be mainly limited to particular high-risk groups.Negative community responses to returning former combatants may also arise and make HIV a community security issue. To assist reintegration into communities, it is necessary to counter discrimination against, and stigmatization of, those who are (or are perceived to be) HIV-positive. In some instances, communities have reacted with threats of violence; such responses are largely based on fear because of misinformation about the disease.In cases where SSR follows a DDR process, former combatants may enter into reintegrated\/ reformed military, police and civil defence forces. In many developing countries, ministries of defence and of the interior are reporting high HIV infection rates in the uniformed services, which are compromising command structures and combat readiness. Increasingly, there are national policies of screening recruits and excluding those who are HIV-positive. Engaging in HIV\/AIDS prevention at the outset of DDR will help to reduce new in- fections, thus \u2014 where national policies of HIV screening are in place \u2014 increasing the pool of potential candidates for recruitment, and will assist in planning for alternative occu- pational support and training for those found to be HIV-positive.6DDR programmes offer a unique opportunity to target high-risk groups for sensitization. In addition, with the right engagement and training, former combatants have the potential to become \u2018change agents\u2019, assisting in their communities with HIV\/AIDS prevention activi- ties, and so becoming part of the solution rather than being perceived as part of the problem.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1139, "Sentence":"In addition, with the right engagement and training, former combatants have the potential to become \u2018change agents\u2019, assisting in their communities with HIV\/AIDS prevention activi- ties, and so becoming part of the solution rather than being perceived as part of the problem.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR addition right engagement training former combatant potential become \u2018 change agent \u2019 assisting community hiv\/aids prevention activi tie becoming part solution rather perceived part problem ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR lead provided national beneficiaries\/stakeholders ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR hiv\/aids initiative within ddr process constitute small element overall national aid strategy assum ing one ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR essential local actor included outset guide process implementation order harmonize approach ensure awareness raising provision voluntary confidential counselling testing support including wherever possible treatment sustained ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR information gained focus group discussion community participant particularly living hiv\/aids inform design hiv\/aids initiative ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR intervention must sensitive local culture customs.inclusive approach ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR far possible important participant beneficiary access same\/similar facility \u2014 example voluntary confidential counselling testing \u2014 programme continue effective reintegration reduce stigma ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR emphasis need link harmonize ddr initiative national programme ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"(A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.)", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR lack national programme mean however hiv\/aids initiative dropped ddr framework ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR men woman boy girl included hiv\/aids initiative ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR standard definition \u2018 sexually active age \u2019 often apply conflict setting ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR child soldier example may take adult mantle extend sexual behaviour child sex also subject sexual abuse.strengthen existing capacity ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR successful hiv\/aids intervention part longterm pro ce going beyond ddr programme ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR therefore necessary strengthen capacity community local actor order project sustainable ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR planning seek build existing capacity rather create new programme structure ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR example local health care worker included training hiv counsellor capacity existing testing facility augmented rather parallel facility set ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR also assist building referral system demobilized excombatants may need additional followup care treatment.ethical\/human right consideration ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"The UN supports the principle of VCT.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR un support principle vct ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR undergoing hiv test condition participation ddr process eligibility programme ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR hiv test voluntary result confidential \u2018 medical inconfidence \u2019 knowledge treating physician ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR person \u2019 actual perceived hiv status considered ground exclusion benefit ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR planner however must aware existing national legislation hiv testing ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR example country recruitment military civil defence force includes hiv screen ing exclusion found hivpositive.universal precaution training un personnel ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR universal precaution shall followed un personnel time ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR standard set procedure used care patient accident site order minimize risk transmission blood borne pathogen including exclusively hiv ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR un staff trained basic hiv\/aids awareness preparation field duty part initiative hiv\/ aid workplace peacekeeping personnel trained sensitized hiv\/aids awareness prevention.using specialized agency expertise ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR agency expertise hiv\/aids prevention care support unaids un development programme un population fund unfpa un high commissioner refugee world health organization relevant ngo expert consulted involved opera tions ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR hiv\/aids often wrongly regarded medical issue ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR medical guidance certainly essential dealing issue testing procedure treatment broader social human right political ramification epidemic must also considered often challenging term impact reintegration effort ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR result hiv\/aids programme requires specific expertise hiv\/aids train ing counselling communication strategy addition qualified medical personnel ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR team must include men woman hiv\/aids epidemic specific gender dimension important prevention care carried close coordination gender officer also see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr.limitations obligation ddr hiv\/aids initiative ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR crucial ddr planner transparent limitation hiv\/aids programme avoid creating false expectation ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR must clear start normally beyond mandate capacity financial limitation ddr programme start kind rollout plan arv treatment beyond perhaps provision pep kit prevention motherto child transmission also see iddrs 5.70 health ddr ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR provision treatment need sustainable beyond conclusion ddr programme order avoid development resistant strain virus part national aid strategy health care programme ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR ddr programme however provide following target group treatment opportunis tic infection information arv treatment option available country referral treatment centre support group ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR rollout arvs increasing many country access treatment still limited nonexistent ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR mean much emphasis still placed prevention initiative ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Lead to be provided by national beneficiaries\/stakeholders. HIV\/AIDS initiatives within the DDR process will constitute only a small element of the overall national AIDS strategy (assum- ing there is one). It is essential that local actors are included from the outset to guide the process and implementation, in order to harmonize approaches and ensure that awareness- raising and the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing and support, including, wherever possible, treatment, can be sustained. Information gained in focus group discussions with communities and participants, particularly those living with HIV\/AIDS, should inform the design of HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Interventions must be sensitive to local culture and customs.Inclusive approach. As far as possible, it is important that participants and beneficiaries have access to the same\/similar facilities \u2014 for example, voluntary confidential counselling and testing \u2014 so that programmes continue to be effective during reintegration and to reduce stigma. This emphasises the need to link and harmonize DDR initiatives with national programmes. (A lack of national programmes does not mean, however, that HIV\/AIDS initiatives should be dropped from the DDR framework.) Men and women, boys and girls should be included in all HIV\/AIDS initiatives. Standard definitions of \u2018sexually active age\u2019 often do not apply in conflict settings. Child soldiers, for example, may take on an adult mantle, which can extend to their sexual behaviour, and children of both sexes can also be subject to sexual abuse.Strengthen existing capacity. Successful HIV\/AIDS interventions are part of a long-term pro- cess going beyond the DDR programme. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the capacity of communities and local actors in order for projects to be sustainable. Planning should seek to build on existing capacity rather than create new programmes or structures. For example, local health care workers should be included in any training of HIV counsellors, and the capacity of existing testing facilities should be augmented rather than parallel facilities being set up. This also assists in building a referral system for demobilized ex-combatants who may need additional or follow-up care and treatment.Ethical\/human rights considerations. The UN supports the principle of VCT. Undergoing an HIV test should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process or eligibility for any programme. HIV test should be voluntary and results should be confidential or \u2018medical- in-confidence\u2019 (for the knowledge of a treating physician). A person\u2019s actual or perceived HIV status should not be considered grounds for exclusion from any of the benefits. Planners, however, must be aware of any existing national legislation on HIV testing. For example, in some countries recruitment into the military or civil defence forces includes HIV screen- ing and the exclusion of those found to be HIV-positive.Universal precautions and training for UN personnel. Universal precautions shall be followed by UN personnel at all times. These are a standard set of procedures to be used in the care of all patients or at accident sites in order to minimize the risk of transmission of blood- borne pathogens, including, but not exclusively, HIV. All UN staff should be trained in basic HIV\/AIDS awareness in preparation for field duty and as part of initiatives on HIV\/ AIDS in the workplace, and peacekeeping personnel should be trained and sensitized in HIV\/AIDS awareness and prevention.Using specialized agencies and expertise. Agencies with expertise in HIV\/AIDS prevention, care and support, such as UNAIDS, the UN Development Programme, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization (WHO), and relevant NGOs and other experts, should be consulted and involved in opera- tions. HIV\/AIDS is often wrongly regarded as only a medical issue. While medical guidance is certainly essential when dealing with issues such as testing procedures and treatment, the broader social, human rights and political ramifications of the epidemic must also be considered and are often the most challenging in terms of their impact on reintegration efforts. As a result, the HIV\/AIDS programme requires specific expertise in HIV\/AIDS train- ing, counselling and communication strategies, in addition to qualified medical personnel. Teams must include both men and women: the HIV\/AIDS epidemic has specific gender dimensions and it is important that prevention and care are carried out in close coordination with gender officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).Limitations and obligations of DDR HIV\/AIDS initiatives. it is crucial that DDR planners are transparent about the limitations of the HIV\/AIDS programme to avoid creating false expectations. It must be clear from the start that it is normally beyond the mandate, capacity and financial limitations of the DDR programme to start any kind of roll-out plan for ARV treatment (beyond, perhaps, the provision of PEP kits and the prevention of mother-to- child transmission (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). The provision of treatment needs to be sustainable beyond the conclusion of the DDR programme in order to avoid the development of resistant strains of the virus, and should be part of national AIDS strategies and health care programmes. DDR programmes can, however, provide the following for target groups: treatment for opportunis- tic infections; information on ARV treatment options available in the country; and referrals to treatment centres and support groups. The roll-out of ARVs is increasing, but in many countries access to treatment is still very limited or non-existent. This means that much of the emphasis still has to be placed on prevention initiatives. HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1140, "Sentence":"HIV\/AIDS community initiatives require a long-term commitment and fundamentally form part of humanitarian assistance, reconstruction and development programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR hiv\/aids community initiative require longterm commitment fundamentally form part humanitarian assistance reconstruction development programme ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR planning process risk mapping exercise assessment local capacity national community level need conducted part situation analysis profile country \u2019 epidemic ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR include collection qualitative quantitative data including attitude community towards demobilized presumed real hiv infection rate among different group inventory actor ground existing facility programmes.there may little reliable data hiv infection rate conflict post conflict environment ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR many case available statistic relate epidemic conflict started may year date ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR lack data however prevent hiv\/aids initiative put place ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR data rate stis health clinic ngo valuable proxy indicator level risk ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR also useful consider epi demic regional context examining prevalence rate neighbouring country degree movement state ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR \u2018 younger \u2019 epidemic hiv infection may yet translated aidsrelated death epidemic could still relatively hidden especially aid death may recorded opportunistic infection pres ence virus ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)?", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR tuberculosis tb example common opportunistic infection common disease many lowincome countries.a situation analysis action planning hiv include following important component n baseline data national hiv\/aids prevalence usually based sentinel surveillance pregnant woman" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"What are the rates of STIs?", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR rate stis" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"Are there significant differences in different areas of the country?", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR significant difference different area country" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups?", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR generalized epidemic restricted highrisk group" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)?", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR data available blood donor donor routinely tested" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"What are the high-risk groups?", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR highrisk group" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)?", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR driving epidemic example heterosexual sex men sex men poor medical procedure blood transfusion mothertochild transmission intravenous drug use" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants?", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR regional status epidemic especially neighbouring country may provided external base excombatants" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"\\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n knowledge attitude vulnerability qualitative data obtained key formant interview focus group discussion include health community worker religious leader woman youth group government official un agency ngo\/cbos well excombatants associated fighting force group ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR sometimes data knowledge attitude practice regarding hiv\/ aid contained demographic health survey regularly carried many country although may interrupted conflict ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR important identify factor may increase vulnerability hiv \u2014 level rape genderbased violence extent \u2018 survival sex \u2019 ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR planning process cultural sensitivity participant beneficiary must considered appropriate service designed ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR within given country example acceptability trend condom use attitude sexual relation outside marriage vary enormously country specific context must inform design programme ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR understanding local perception also important order prevent problem reintegration phase example case community may blame excombatants woman associated fighting force spread hiv therefore stigmatize ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"\\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n identify existing capacity assessment need map existing health care facility around community reintegration going take place ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR exercise ascertain whether country functioning national aid control strategy programme extent ministry engaged go beyond health ministry include example ministry interior defence education etc .." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place?", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR prevention awareness programme place" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"Are these directed at specific groups?", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR directed specific group" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist?", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR capacity counselling testing exist" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs?", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR strategy rollout arvs" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank?", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR financial support available pending global fund aid malaria tb u president \u2019 emergency plan aid relief world bank" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"Do these assistance frameworks include DDR?", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR assistance framework include ddr" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"What other actors (national and international) are present in the country?", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR actor national international present country" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR un theme group technical working group place standard mechanism coordinate hiv initiative un agenciesbasic requirement hiv\/aids programme ddr include n collection baseline hiv\/aids data n identification training hiv focal point within ddr field office n development hiv\/aids awareness material provision basic awareness train ing peer education programme extended cantonment reinsertion reintegration phase build capacity n provision vct specifically within cantonment site relevant support community service routine offer optin testing counselling standard part medical screening country hiv prevalence 5 per cent n provision condom pep kit awareness material n treatment stis opportunistic infection referral existing service arv treatment n public information campaign sensitization receiving community part general preparation return ddr participants.the number processed particular site amount time available would determine offered demobilization part reinsertion package offered reintegration ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.1. Planning assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"During the planning process, a risk mapping exercise and assessment of local capacities (at the national and community level) needs to be conducted as part of a situation analysis and to profile the country\u2019s epidemic. This will include the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, including attitudes of communities towards those being demobilized and presumed or real HIV infection rates among different groups, and an inventory of both actors on the ground and existing facilities and programmes.There may be very little reliable data about HIV infection rates in conflict and post- conflict environments. In many cases, available statistics only relate to the epidemic before the conflict started and may be years out of date. A lack of data, however, should not prevent HIV\/AIDS initiatives from being put in place. Data on rates of STIs from health clinics and NGOs are valuable proxy indicators for levels of risk. It is also useful to consider the epi- demic in its regional context by examining prevalence rates in neighbouring countries and the degree of movement between states. In \u2018younger\u2019 epidemics, HIV infections may not yet have translated into AIDS-related deaths, and the epidemic could still be relatively hidden, especially as AIDS deaths may be recorded by the opportunistic infection and not the pres- ence of the virus. Tuberculosis (TB), for example, is both a common opportunistic infection and a common disease in many low-income countries.A situation analysis for action planning for HIV should include the following important components: \\n Baseline data: What is the national HIV\/AIDS prevalence (usually based on sentinel surveillance of pregnant women)? What are the rates of STIs? Are there significant differences in different areas of the country? Is it a generalized epidemic or restricted to high-risk groups? What data are available from blood donors (are donors routinely tested)? What are the high-risk groups? What is driving the epidemic (for example: heterosexual sex; men who have sex with men; poor medical procedures and blood transfusions; mother-to-child transmission; intravenous drug use)? What is the regional status of the epidemic, especially in neighbouring countries that may have provided an external base for ex-combatants? \\n Knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability: Qualitative data can be obtained through key in- formant interviews and focus group discussions that include health and community workers, religious leaders, women and youth groups, government officials, UN agency and NGO\/CBOs, as well as ex-combatants and those associated with fighting forces and groups. Sometimes data on knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV\/ AIDS are contained in demographic and health surveys that are regularly carried out in many countries (although these may have been interrupted because of the conflict). It is important to identify the factors that may increase vulnerability to HIV \u2014 such as levels of rape and gender-based violence and the extent of \u2018survival sex\u2019. In the planning process, the cultural sensitivities of participants and beneficiaries must be considered so that appropriate services can be designed. Within a given country, for example, the acceptability and trends of condom use or attitudes to sexual relations outside of marriage can vary enormously; the country specific context must inform the design of programmes. Understanding local perceptions is also important in order to prevent problems during the reintegration phase, for example in cases where communities may blame ex-com-batants or women associated with fighting forces for the spread of HIV and therefore stigmatize them. \\n Identify existing capacities: The assessment needs to map existing health care facilities in and around communities where reintegration is going to take place. The exercise should ascertain whether the country has a functioning national AIDS control strategy and programme, and the extent that ministries are engaged (this should go beyond just the health ministry and include, for example, ministries of the interior, defence, education, etc.). Are there prevention and awareness programmes in place? Are these directed at specific groups? Does any capacity for counselling and testing exist? Is there a strategy for the roll-out of ARVs? Is there financial support available or pending from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria and TB, the US President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief or the World Bank? Do these assistance frameworks include DDR? What other actors (national and international) are present in the country? Are the UN theme group and technical working group in place ( the standard mechanisms to coordinate the HIV initiatives of UN agencies)?Basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR include: \\n collection of baseline HIV\/AIDS data; \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness train- ing, with peer education programmes during extended cantonment and the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity; \\n provision of VCT, both specifically within cantonment sites, where relevant, and through support to community services, and the routine offer of (opt-in) testing with counselling as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 per- cent or more; \\n provision of condoms, PEP kits, and awareness material; \\n treatment of STIs and opportunistic infections, and referral to existing services for ARV treatment; \\n public information campaigns and sensitization of receiving communities as part of more general preparations for the return of DDR participants.The number of those being processed through a particular site and the amount of time available would determine what can be offered before or during demobilization, what is part of reinsertion packages and what can be offered during reintegration. The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1141, "Sentence":"The IASC guidelines are a useful tool for planning and implementation (see section 4.4 of this module).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR iasc guideline useful tool planning implementation see section 4.4 module ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.2. Design of DDR field offices", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The design of DDR field offices responsible for the registration and reintegration process must take into account the need for capacity to address HIV\/AIDS. Possible options include a central dedicated (but mobile) unit to coordinate HIV issues; the establishment of focal points in each region; and the secondment of experts to field offices from relevant UN agencies and NGOs or, in the case of national DDR field offices, from the national ministry of health, National AIDS Control Programme and local NGOs. In many cases, field offices will play a key role in basic briefings to DDR participants and referrals to VCT, so it is essential that all personnel are trained in HIV awareness strategies and are fully aware of on available facilities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1142, "Sentence":"The design of DDR field offices responsible for the registration and reintegration process must take into account the need for capacity to address HIV\/AIDS.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR design ddr field office responsible registration reintegration process must take account need capacity address hiv\/aids ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.2. Design of DDR field offices", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The design of DDR field offices responsible for the registration and reintegration process must take into account the need for capacity to address HIV\/AIDS. Possible options include a central dedicated (but mobile) unit to coordinate HIV issues; the establishment of focal points in each region; and the secondment of experts to field offices from relevant UN agencies and NGOs or, in the case of national DDR field offices, from the national ministry of health, National AIDS Control Programme and local NGOs. In many cases, field offices will play a key role in basic briefings to DDR participants and referrals to VCT, so it is essential that all personnel are trained in HIV awareness strategies and are fully aware of on available facilities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1142, "Sentence":"Possible options include a central dedicated (but mobile) unit to coordinate HIV issues; the establishment of focal points in each region; and the secondment of experts to field offices from relevant UN agencies and NGOs or, in the case of national DDR field offices, from the national ministry of health, National AIDS Control Programme and local NGOs.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR possible option include central dedicated mobile unit coordinate hiv issue establishment focal point region secondment expert field office relevant un agency ngo case national ddr field office national ministry health national aid control programme local ngo ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.2. Design of DDR field offices", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The design of DDR field offices responsible for the registration and reintegration process must take into account the need for capacity to address HIV\/AIDS. Possible options include a central dedicated (but mobile) unit to coordinate HIV issues; the establishment of focal points in each region; and the secondment of experts to field offices from relevant UN agencies and NGOs or, in the case of national DDR field offices, from the national ministry of health, National AIDS Control Programme and local NGOs. In many cases, field offices will play a key role in basic briefings to DDR participants and referrals to VCT, so it is essential that all personnel are trained in HIV awareness strategies and are fully aware of on available facilities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1142, "Sentence":"In many cases, field offices will play a key role in basic briefings to DDR participants and referrals to VCT, so it is essential that all personnel are trained in HIV awareness strategies and are fully aware of on available facilities.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR many case field office play key role basic briefing ddr participant referral vct essential personnel trained hiv awareness strategy fully aware available facility ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.3. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"During planning, core indicators need to be developed to monitor the progress and impact of DDR HIV initiatives. This should include process indicators, such as the provision of condoms and the number of peer educators trained, and outcome indicators, like STI inci- dence by syndrome and the number of people seeking voluntary counselling and testing. DDR planners need to work with national programmes in the design and monitoring of initiatives, as it is important that the indicators used in DDR programmes are harmonised with national indicators. DDR planners, implementing partners and national counterparts should agree on the bench-marks against which DDR-HIV programmes will be assessed. The IASC guidelines include reference material for developing indicators in emergency settings.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1143, "Sentence":"During planning, core indicators need to be developed to monitor the progress and impact of DDR HIV initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR planning core indicator need developed monitor progress impact ddr hiv initiative ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.3. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"During planning, core indicators need to be developed to monitor the progress and impact of DDR HIV initiatives. This should include process indicators, such as the provision of condoms and the number of peer educators trained, and outcome indicators, like STI inci- dence by syndrome and the number of people seeking voluntary counselling and testing. DDR planners need to work with national programmes in the design and monitoring of initiatives, as it is important that the indicators used in DDR programmes are harmonised with national indicators. DDR planners, implementing partners and national counterparts should agree on the bench-marks against which DDR-HIV programmes will be assessed. The IASC guidelines include reference material for developing indicators in emergency settings.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1143, "Sentence":"This should include process indicators, such as the provision of condoms and the number of peer educators trained, and outcome indicators, like STI inci- dence by syndrome and the number of people seeking voluntary counselling and testing.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR include process indicator provision condom number peer educator trained outcome indicator like sti inci dence syndrome number people seeking voluntary counselling testing ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.3. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"During planning, core indicators need to be developed to monitor the progress and impact of DDR HIV initiatives. This should include process indicators, such as the provision of condoms and the number of peer educators trained, and outcome indicators, like STI inci- dence by syndrome and the number of people seeking voluntary counselling and testing. DDR planners need to work with national programmes in the design and monitoring of initiatives, as it is important that the indicators used in DDR programmes are harmonised with national indicators. DDR planners, implementing partners and national counterparts should agree on the bench-marks against which DDR-HIV programmes will be assessed. The IASC guidelines include reference material for developing indicators in emergency settings.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1143, "Sentence":"DDR planners need to work with national programmes in the design and monitoring of initiatives, as it is important that the indicators used in DDR programmes are harmonised with national indicators.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR ddr planner need work national programme design monitoring initiative important indicator used ddr programme harmonised national indicator ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.3. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"During planning, core indicators need to be developed to monitor the progress and impact of DDR HIV initiatives. This should include process indicators, such as the provision of condoms and the number of peer educators trained, and outcome indicators, like STI inci- dence by syndrome and the number of people seeking voluntary counselling and testing. DDR planners need to work with national programmes in the design and monitoring of initiatives, as it is important that the indicators used in DDR programmes are harmonised with national indicators. DDR planners, implementing partners and national counterparts should agree on the bench-marks against which DDR-HIV programmes will be assessed. The IASC guidelines include reference material for developing indicators in emergency settings.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1143, "Sentence":"DDR planners, implementing partners and national counterparts should agree on the bench-marks against which DDR-HIV programmes will be assessed.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR ddr planner implementing partner national counterpart agree benchmark ddrhiv programme assessed ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Planning factors", "Heading2":"7.3. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"During planning, core indicators need to be developed to monitor the progress and impact of DDR HIV initiatives. This should include process indicators, such as the provision of condoms and the number of peer educators trained, and outcome indicators, like STI inci- dence by syndrome and the number of people seeking voluntary counselling and testing. DDR planners need to work with national programmes in the design and monitoring of initiatives, as it is important that the indicators used in DDR programmes are harmonised with national indicators. DDR planners, implementing partners and national counterparts should agree on the bench-marks against which DDR-HIV programmes will be assessed. The IASC guidelines include reference material for developing indicators in emergency settings.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1143, "Sentence":"The IASC guidelines include reference material for developing indicators in emergency settings.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR iasc guideline include reference material developing indicator emergency setting ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure, it may be possible to start awareness training before demobilization begins. For example, it may be that troops are being kept in their barracks in the interim period between the signing of a peace accord and the roll-out of DDR; this provides an ideal captive (and restive) audience for awareness programmes and makes use of existing structures.7 In such cases, DDR planners should design joint projects with other actors working on HIV issues in the country. To avoid duplication or over-extending DDR HIV budgets, costs could be shared based on a proportional breakdown of the target group. For example, if it is anticipated that 40% of armed personnel will be demobilized, the DDR programme could cover 40% of the costs of awareness and prevention strategies at the pre-demobilization stage. Such an approach would be more comprehensive, easier to implement, and have longer-term benefits. It would also complement HIV\/AIDS initiatives in broader SSR programmes.Demobilization is often a very short process, in some cases involving only reception and documentation. While cantonment offers an ideal environment to train and raise the awareness of a \u2018captive audience\u2019, there is a general trend to shorten the cantonment period and instead carry out community-based demobilization. Ultimately, most HIV initiatives will take place during the reinsertion phase and the longer process of reintegration. However, initial awareness training (distinct from peer education programmes) should be considered part of general demobilization orientation training, and the provision of voluntary HIV testing and counselling should be included alongside general medical screening and should be available throughout the reinsertion and reintegration phases.During cantonments of five days or more, voluntary counselling and testing, and awareness sessions should be provided during demobilization. If the time allowed for a specific phase is changed, for example, if an envisaged cantonment period is shortened, it should be understood that the HIV\/AIDS minimum requirements are not dropped but are instead included in the next phase of the DDR programme. Condoms and awareness material\/referral information should be available whatever the length of cantonment, and must be included in \u2018transitional packages\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1144, "Sentence":"Depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure, it may be possible to start awareness training before demobilization begins.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR depending nature soldier \u2019 \/excombatants \u2019 deployment organizational structure may possible start awareness training demobilization begin ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure, it may be possible to start awareness training before demobilization begins. For example, it may be that troops are being kept in their barracks in the interim period between the signing of a peace accord and the roll-out of DDR; this provides an ideal captive (and restive) audience for awareness programmes and makes use of existing structures.7 In such cases, DDR planners should design joint projects with other actors working on HIV issues in the country. To avoid duplication or over-extending DDR HIV budgets, costs could be shared based on a proportional breakdown of the target group. For example, if it is anticipated that 40% of armed personnel will be demobilized, the DDR programme could cover 40% of the costs of awareness and prevention strategies at the pre-demobilization stage. Such an approach would be more comprehensive, easier to implement, and have longer-term benefits. It would also complement HIV\/AIDS initiatives in broader SSR programmes.Demobilization is often a very short process, in some cases involving only reception and documentation. While cantonment offers an ideal environment to train and raise the awareness of a \u2018captive audience\u2019, there is a general trend to shorten the cantonment period and instead carry out community-based demobilization. Ultimately, most HIV initiatives will take place during the reinsertion phase and the longer process of reintegration. However, initial awareness training (distinct from peer education programmes) should be considered part of general demobilization orientation training, and the provision of voluntary HIV testing and counselling should be included alongside general medical screening and should be available throughout the reinsertion and reintegration phases.During cantonments of five days or more, voluntary counselling and testing, and awareness sessions should be provided during demobilization. If the time allowed for a specific phase is changed, for example, if an envisaged cantonment period is shortened, it should be understood that the HIV\/AIDS minimum requirements are not dropped but are instead included in the next phase of the DDR programme. Condoms and awareness material\/referral information should be available whatever the length of cantonment, and must be included in \u2018transitional packages\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1144, "Sentence":"For example, it may be that troops are being kept in their barracks in the interim period between the signing of a peace accord and the roll-out of DDR; this provides an ideal captive (and restive) audience for awareness programmes and makes use of existing structures.7 In such cases, DDR planners should design joint projects with other actors working on HIV issues in the country.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR example may troop kept barrack interim period signing peace accord rollout ddr provides ideal captive restive audience awareness programme make use existing structures.7 case ddr planner design joint project actor working hiv issue country ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure, it may be possible to start awareness training before demobilization begins. For example, it may be that troops are being kept in their barracks in the interim period between the signing of a peace accord and the roll-out of DDR; this provides an ideal captive (and restive) audience for awareness programmes and makes use of existing structures.7 In such cases, DDR planners should design joint projects with other actors working on HIV issues in the country. To avoid duplication or over-extending DDR HIV budgets, costs could be shared based on a proportional breakdown of the target group. For example, if it is anticipated that 40% of armed personnel will be demobilized, the DDR programme could cover 40% of the costs of awareness and prevention strategies at the pre-demobilization stage. Such an approach would be more comprehensive, easier to implement, and have longer-term benefits. It would also complement HIV\/AIDS initiatives in broader SSR programmes.Demobilization is often a very short process, in some cases involving only reception and documentation. While cantonment offers an ideal environment to train and raise the awareness of a \u2018captive audience\u2019, there is a general trend to shorten the cantonment period and instead carry out community-based demobilization. Ultimately, most HIV initiatives will take place during the reinsertion phase and the longer process of reintegration. However, initial awareness training (distinct from peer education programmes) should be considered part of general demobilization orientation training, and the provision of voluntary HIV testing and counselling should be included alongside general medical screening and should be available throughout the reinsertion and reintegration phases.During cantonments of five days or more, voluntary counselling and testing, and awareness sessions should be provided during demobilization. If the time allowed for a specific phase is changed, for example, if an envisaged cantonment period is shortened, it should be understood that the HIV\/AIDS minimum requirements are not dropped but are instead included in the next phase of the DDR programme. Condoms and awareness material\/referral information should be available whatever the length of cantonment, and must be included in \u2018transitional packages\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1144, "Sentence":"To avoid duplication or over-extending DDR HIV budgets, costs could be shared based on a proportional breakdown of the target group.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR avoid duplication overextending ddr hiv budget cost could shared based proportional breakdown target group ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure, it may be possible to start awareness training before demobilization begins. For example, it may be that troops are being kept in their barracks in the interim period between the signing of a peace accord and the roll-out of DDR; this provides an ideal captive (and restive) audience for awareness programmes and makes use of existing structures.7 In such cases, DDR planners should design joint projects with other actors working on HIV issues in the country. To avoid duplication or over-extending DDR HIV budgets, costs could be shared based on a proportional breakdown of the target group. For example, if it is anticipated that 40% of armed personnel will be demobilized, the DDR programme could cover 40% of the costs of awareness and prevention strategies at the pre-demobilization stage. Such an approach would be more comprehensive, easier to implement, and have longer-term benefits. It would also complement HIV\/AIDS initiatives in broader SSR programmes.Demobilization is often a very short process, in some cases involving only reception and documentation. While cantonment offers an ideal environment to train and raise the awareness of a \u2018captive audience\u2019, there is a general trend to shorten the cantonment period and instead carry out community-based demobilization. Ultimately, most HIV initiatives will take place during the reinsertion phase and the longer process of reintegration. However, initial awareness training (distinct from peer education programmes) should be considered part of general demobilization orientation training, and the provision of voluntary HIV testing and counselling should be included alongside general medical screening and should be available throughout the reinsertion and reintegration phases.During cantonments of five days or more, voluntary counselling and testing, and awareness sessions should be provided during demobilization. If the time allowed for a specific phase is changed, for example, if an envisaged cantonment period is shortened, it should be understood that the HIV\/AIDS minimum requirements are not dropped but are instead included in the next phase of the DDR programme. Condoms and awareness material\/referral information should be available whatever the length of cantonment, and must be included in \u2018transitional packages\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1144, "Sentence":"For example, if it is anticipated that 40% of armed personnel will be demobilized, the DDR programme could cover 40% of the costs of awareness and prevention strategies at the pre-demobilization stage.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR example anticipated 40 armed personnel demobilized ddr programme could cover 40 cost awareness prevention strategy predemobilization stage ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure, it may be possible to start awareness training before demobilization begins. For example, it may be that troops are being kept in their barracks in the interim period between the signing of a peace accord and the roll-out of DDR; this provides an ideal captive (and restive) audience for awareness programmes and makes use of existing structures.7 In such cases, DDR planners should design joint projects with other actors working on HIV issues in the country. To avoid duplication or over-extending DDR HIV budgets, costs could be shared based on a proportional breakdown of the target group. For example, if it is anticipated that 40% of armed personnel will be demobilized, the DDR programme could cover 40% of the costs of awareness and prevention strategies at the pre-demobilization stage. Such an approach would be more comprehensive, easier to implement, and have longer-term benefits. It would also complement HIV\/AIDS initiatives in broader SSR programmes.Demobilization is often a very short process, in some cases involving only reception and documentation. While cantonment offers an ideal environment to train and raise the awareness of a \u2018captive audience\u2019, there is a general trend to shorten the cantonment period and instead carry out community-based demobilization. Ultimately, most HIV initiatives will take place during the reinsertion phase and the longer process of reintegration. However, initial awareness training (distinct from peer education programmes) should be considered part of general demobilization orientation training, and the provision of voluntary HIV testing and counselling should be included alongside general medical screening and should be available throughout the reinsertion and reintegration phases.During cantonments of five days or more, voluntary counselling and testing, and awareness sessions should be provided during demobilization. If the time allowed for a specific phase is changed, for example, if an envisaged cantonment period is shortened, it should be understood that the HIV\/AIDS minimum requirements are not dropped but are instead included in the next phase of the DDR programme. Condoms and awareness material\/referral information should be available whatever the length of cantonment, and must be included in \u2018transitional packages\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1144, "Sentence":"Such an approach would be more comprehensive, easier to implement, and have longer-term benefits.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR approach would comprehensive easier implement longerterm benefit ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure, it may be possible to start awareness training before demobilization begins. For example, it may be that troops are being kept in their barracks in the interim period between the signing of a peace accord and the roll-out of DDR; this provides an ideal captive (and restive) audience for awareness programmes and makes use of existing structures.7 In such cases, DDR planners should design joint projects with other actors working on HIV issues in the country. To avoid duplication or over-extending DDR HIV budgets, costs could be shared based on a proportional breakdown of the target group. For example, if it is anticipated that 40% of armed personnel will be demobilized, the DDR programme could cover 40% of the costs of awareness and prevention strategies at the pre-demobilization stage. Such an approach would be more comprehensive, easier to implement, and have longer-term benefits. It would also complement HIV\/AIDS initiatives in broader SSR programmes.Demobilization is often a very short process, in some cases involving only reception and documentation. While cantonment offers an ideal environment to train and raise the awareness of a \u2018captive audience\u2019, there is a general trend to shorten the cantonment period and instead carry out community-based demobilization. Ultimately, most HIV initiatives will take place during the reinsertion phase and the longer process of reintegration. However, initial awareness training (distinct from peer education programmes) should be considered part of general demobilization orientation training, and the provision of voluntary HIV testing and counselling should be included alongside general medical screening and should be available throughout the reinsertion and reintegration phases.During cantonments of five days or more, voluntary counselling and testing, and awareness sessions should be provided during demobilization. If the time allowed for a specific phase is changed, for example, if an envisaged cantonment period is shortened, it should be understood that the HIV\/AIDS minimum requirements are not dropped but are instead included in the next phase of the DDR programme. Condoms and awareness material\/referral information should be available whatever the length of cantonment, and must be included in \u2018transitional packages\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1144, "Sentence":"It would also complement HIV\/AIDS initiatives in broader SSR programmes.Demobilization is often a very short process, in some cases involving only reception and documentation.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR would also complement hiv\/aids initiative broader ssr programmes.demobilization often short process case involving reception documentation ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure, it may be possible to start awareness training before demobilization begins. For example, it may be that troops are being kept in their barracks in the interim period between the signing of a peace accord and the roll-out of DDR; this provides an ideal captive (and restive) audience for awareness programmes and makes use of existing structures.7 In such cases, DDR planners should design joint projects with other actors working on HIV issues in the country. To avoid duplication or over-extending DDR HIV budgets, costs could be shared based on a proportional breakdown of the target group. For example, if it is anticipated that 40% of armed personnel will be demobilized, the DDR programme could cover 40% of the costs of awareness and prevention strategies at the pre-demobilization stage. Such an approach would be more comprehensive, easier to implement, and have longer-term benefits. It would also complement HIV\/AIDS initiatives in broader SSR programmes.Demobilization is often a very short process, in some cases involving only reception and documentation. While cantonment offers an ideal environment to train and raise the awareness of a \u2018captive audience\u2019, there is a general trend to shorten the cantonment period and instead carry out community-based demobilization. Ultimately, most HIV initiatives will take place during the reinsertion phase and the longer process of reintegration. However, initial awareness training (distinct from peer education programmes) should be considered part of general demobilization orientation training, and the provision of voluntary HIV testing and counselling should be included alongside general medical screening and should be available throughout the reinsertion and reintegration phases.During cantonments of five days or more, voluntary counselling and testing, and awareness sessions should be provided during demobilization. If the time allowed for a specific phase is changed, for example, if an envisaged cantonment period is shortened, it should be understood that the HIV\/AIDS minimum requirements are not dropped but are instead included in the next phase of the DDR programme. Condoms and awareness material\/referral information should be available whatever the length of cantonment, and must be included in \u2018transitional packages\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1144, "Sentence":"While cantonment offers an ideal environment to train and raise the awareness of a \u2018captive audience\u2019, there is a general trend to shorten the cantonment period and instead carry out community-based demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR cantonment offer ideal environment train raise awareness \u2018 captive audience \u2019 general trend shorten cantonment period instead carry communitybased demobilization ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure, it may be possible to start awareness training before demobilization begins. For example, it may be that troops are being kept in their barracks in the interim period between the signing of a peace accord and the roll-out of DDR; this provides an ideal captive (and restive) audience for awareness programmes and makes use of existing structures.7 In such cases, DDR planners should design joint projects with other actors working on HIV issues in the country. To avoid duplication or over-extending DDR HIV budgets, costs could be shared based on a proportional breakdown of the target group. For example, if it is anticipated that 40% of armed personnel will be demobilized, the DDR programme could cover 40% of the costs of awareness and prevention strategies at the pre-demobilization stage. Such an approach would be more comprehensive, easier to implement, and have longer-term benefits. It would also complement HIV\/AIDS initiatives in broader SSR programmes.Demobilization is often a very short process, in some cases involving only reception and documentation. While cantonment offers an ideal environment to train and raise the awareness of a \u2018captive audience\u2019, there is a general trend to shorten the cantonment period and instead carry out community-based demobilization. Ultimately, most HIV initiatives will take place during the reinsertion phase and the longer process of reintegration. However, initial awareness training (distinct from peer education programmes) should be considered part of general demobilization orientation training, and the provision of voluntary HIV testing and counselling should be included alongside general medical screening and should be available throughout the reinsertion and reintegration phases.During cantonments of five days or more, voluntary counselling and testing, and awareness sessions should be provided during demobilization. If the time allowed for a specific phase is changed, for example, if an envisaged cantonment period is shortened, it should be understood that the HIV\/AIDS minimum requirements are not dropped but are instead included in the next phase of the DDR programme. Condoms and awareness material\/referral information should be available whatever the length of cantonment, and must be included in \u2018transitional packages\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1144, "Sentence":"Ultimately, most HIV initiatives will take place during the reinsertion phase and the longer process of reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR ultimately hiv initiative take place reinsertion phase longer process reintegration ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure, it may be possible to start awareness training before demobilization begins. For example, it may be that troops are being kept in their barracks in the interim period between the signing of a peace accord and the roll-out of DDR; this provides an ideal captive (and restive) audience for awareness programmes and makes use of existing structures.7 In such cases, DDR planners should design joint projects with other actors working on HIV issues in the country. To avoid duplication or over-extending DDR HIV budgets, costs could be shared based on a proportional breakdown of the target group. For example, if it is anticipated that 40% of armed personnel will be demobilized, the DDR programme could cover 40% of the costs of awareness and prevention strategies at the pre-demobilization stage. Such an approach would be more comprehensive, easier to implement, and have longer-term benefits. It would also complement HIV\/AIDS initiatives in broader SSR programmes.Demobilization is often a very short process, in some cases involving only reception and documentation. While cantonment offers an ideal environment to train and raise the awareness of a \u2018captive audience\u2019, there is a general trend to shorten the cantonment period and instead carry out community-based demobilization. Ultimately, most HIV initiatives will take place during the reinsertion phase and the longer process of reintegration. However, initial awareness training (distinct from peer education programmes) should be considered part of general demobilization orientation training, and the provision of voluntary HIV testing and counselling should be included alongside general medical screening and should be available throughout the reinsertion and reintegration phases.During cantonments of five days or more, voluntary counselling and testing, and awareness sessions should be provided during demobilization. If the time allowed for a specific phase is changed, for example, if an envisaged cantonment period is shortened, it should be understood that the HIV\/AIDS minimum requirements are not dropped but are instead included in the next phase of the DDR programme. Condoms and awareness material\/referral information should be available whatever the length of cantonment, and must be included in \u2018transitional packages\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1144, "Sentence":"However, initial awareness training (distinct from peer education programmes) should be considered part of general demobilization orientation training, and the provision of voluntary HIV testing and counselling should be included alongside general medical screening and should be available throughout the reinsertion and reintegration phases.During cantonments of five days or more, voluntary counselling and testing, and awareness sessions should be provided during demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR however initial awareness training distinct peer education programme considered part general demobilization orientation training provision voluntary hiv testing counselling included alongside general medical screening available throughout reinsertion reintegration phases.during cantonment five day voluntary counselling testing awareness session provided demobilization ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure, it may be possible to start awareness training before demobilization begins. For example, it may be that troops are being kept in their barracks in the interim period between the signing of a peace accord and the roll-out of DDR; this provides an ideal captive (and restive) audience for awareness programmes and makes use of existing structures.7 In such cases, DDR planners should design joint projects with other actors working on HIV issues in the country. To avoid duplication or over-extending DDR HIV budgets, costs could be shared based on a proportional breakdown of the target group. For example, if it is anticipated that 40% of armed personnel will be demobilized, the DDR programme could cover 40% of the costs of awareness and prevention strategies at the pre-demobilization stage. Such an approach would be more comprehensive, easier to implement, and have longer-term benefits. It would also complement HIV\/AIDS initiatives in broader SSR programmes.Demobilization is often a very short process, in some cases involving only reception and documentation. While cantonment offers an ideal environment to train and raise the awareness of a \u2018captive audience\u2019, there is a general trend to shorten the cantonment period and instead carry out community-based demobilization. Ultimately, most HIV initiatives will take place during the reinsertion phase and the longer process of reintegration. However, initial awareness training (distinct from peer education programmes) should be considered part of general demobilization orientation training, and the provision of voluntary HIV testing and counselling should be included alongside general medical screening and should be available throughout the reinsertion and reintegration phases.During cantonments of five days or more, voluntary counselling and testing, and awareness sessions should be provided during demobilization. If the time allowed for a specific phase is changed, for example, if an envisaged cantonment period is shortened, it should be understood that the HIV\/AIDS minimum requirements are not dropped but are instead included in the next phase of the DDR programme. Condoms and awareness material\/referral information should be available whatever the length of cantonment, and must be included in \u2018transitional packages\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1144, "Sentence":"If the time allowed for a specific phase is changed, for example, if an envisaged cantonment period is shortened, it should be understood that the HIV\/AIDS minimum requirements are not dropped but are instead included in the next phase of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR time allowed specific phase changed example envisaged cantonment period shortened understood hiv\/aids minimum requirement dropped instead included next phase ddr programme ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure, it may be possible to start awareness training before demobilization begins. For example, it may be that troops are being kept in their barracks in the interim period between the signing of a peace accord and the roll-out of DDR; this provides an ideal captive (and restive) audience for awareness programmes and makes use of existing structures.7 In such cases, DDR planners should design joint projects with other actors working on HIV issues in the country. To avoid duplication or over-extending DDR HIV budgets, costs could be shared based on a proportional breakdown of the target group. For example, if it is anticipated that 40% of armed personnel will be demobilized, the DDR programme could cover 40% of the costs of awareness and prevention strategies at the pre-demobilization stage. Such an approach would be more comprehensive, easier to implement, and have longer-term benefits. It would also complement HIV\/AIDS initiatives in broader SSR programmes.Demobilization is often a very short process, in some cases involving only reception and documentation. While cantonment offers an ideal environment to train and raise the awareness of a \u2018captive audience\u2019, there is a general trend to shorten the cantonment period and instead carry out community-based demobilization. Ultimately, most HIV initiatives will take place during the reinsertion phase and the longer process of reintegration. However, initial awareness training (distinct from peer education programmes) should be considered part of general demobilization orientation training, and the provision of voluntary HIV testing and counselling should be included alongside general medical screening and should be available throughout the reinsertion and reintegration phases.During cantonments of five days or more, voluntary counselling and testing, and awareness sessions should be provided during demobilization. If the time allowed for a specific phase is changed, for example, if an envisaged cantonment period is shortened, it should be understood that the HIV\/AIDS minimum requirements are not dropped but are instead included in the next phase of the DDR programme. Condoms and awareness material\/referral information should be available whatever the length of cantonment, and must be included in \u2018transitional packages\u2019.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1144, "Sentence":"Condoms and awareness material\/referral information should be available whatever the length of cantonment, and must be included in \u2018transitional packages\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR condom awareness material\/referral information available whatever length cantonment must included \u2018 transitional package \u2019 ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.1. Planning for cantonment sites", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The safety and protection of women, girls and boys must be taken into account in the plan- ning for cantonment sites and interim care centres (ICCs), to reduce the possibility of sexual exploitation and abuse (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Medical screening facilities should ensure privacy during physical check-ups, and shall ensure that universal precautions are respected.An enclosed space is required for testing and counselling. This can be a tent, as long as the privacy of conversations can be maintained. Laboratory facilities are not required on site.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1145, "Sentence":"The safety and protection of women, girls and boys must be taken into account in the plan- ning for cantonment sites and interim care centres (ICCs), to reduce the possibility of sexual exploitation and abuse (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Medical screening facilities should ensure privacy during physical check-ups, and shall ensure that universal precautions are respected.An enclosed space is required for testing and counselling.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR safety protection woman girl boy must taken account plan ning cantonment site interim care centre icc reduce possibility sexual exploitation abuse also see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr iddrs 5.20 youth ddr iddrs 5.30 child ddr.medical screening facility ensure privacy physical checkup shall ensure universal precaution respected.an enclosed space required testing counselling ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.1. Planning for cantonment sites", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The safety and protection of women, girls and boys must be taken into account in the plan- ning for cantonment sites and interim care centres (ICCs), to reduce the possibility of sexual exploitation and abuse (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Medical screening facilities should ensure privacy during physical check-ups, and shall ensure that universal precautions are respected.An enclosed space is required for testing and counselling. This can be a tent, as long as the privacy of conversations can be maintained. Laboratory facilities are not required on site.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1145, "Sentence":"This can be a tent, as long as the privacy of conversations can be maintained.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR tent long privacy conversation maintained ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.1. Planning for cantonment sites", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The safety and protection of women, girls and boys must be taken into account in the plan- ning for cantonment sites and interim care centres (ICCs), to reduce the possibility of sexual exploitation and abuse (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Medical screening facilities should ensure privacy during physical check-ups, and shall ensure that universal precautions are respected.An enclosed space is required for testing and counselling. This can be a tent, as long as the privacy of conversations can be maintained. Laboratory facilities are not required on site.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1145, "Sentence":"Laboratory facilities are not required on site.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR laboratory facility required site ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.2. HIV\/AIDS awareness training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Initial HIV awareness training should be provided to DDR participants, covering the basic facts of HIV transmission and prevention methods, and debunking common myths (2-hour sessions). On the basis of the qualitative data gathered during the planning stages, infor- mation, education and communication materials should be developed that are sensitive to the local culture and customs. Written materials in local languages are useful, but alternative materials using pictures should also be provided to account for different literacy rates and specifically to target children. Separate training for men and women should be available to encourage individuals to speak openly and ask questions. Children should receive special training in ICCs, in collaboration with child-protection officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Peer education programmes can be initiated during more extended cantonment periods of four weeks or more, and during reinsertion. Peer education typically involves training and supporting a small group with the same background, experience and values to share knowledge and change behaviour patterns among their peers. Peer education is often used to bring about changes in the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the indivi- dual level. However, the approach can also be used as part of efforts to create change at the group level or in society as a whole by modifying norms and stimulating collective action, both of which contribute to changes in policies and programmes. Globally, peer education is one of the most widely used strategies to address the HIV\/AIDS pandemic. It increases the capacity and sustainability of HIV\/AIDS awareness and sensitization efforts. HIV\/AIDS peer education kits for uniformed services and additional material for awareness sessions for women and children are available from UNAIDS and Family Health International.8 (See section 9.2 of this module.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1146, "Sentence":"Initial HIV awareness training should be provided to DDR participants, covering the basic facts of HIV transmission and prevention methods, and debunking common myths (2-hour sessions).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR initial hiv awareness training provided ddr participant covering basic fact hiv transmission prevention method debunking common myth 2hour session ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.2. HIV\/AIDS awareness training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Initial HIV awareness training should be provided to DDR participants, covering the basic facts of HIV transmission and prevention methods, and debunking common myths (2-hour sessions). On the basis of the qualitative data gathered during the planning stages, infor- mation, education and communication materials should be developed that are sensitive to the local culture and customs. Written materials in local languages are useful, but alternative materials using pictures should also be provided to account for different literacy rates and specifically to target children. Separate training for men and women should be available to encourage individuals to speak openly and ask questions. Children should receive special training in ICCs, in collaboration with child-protection officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Peer education programmes can be initiated during more extended cantonment periods of four weeks or more, and during reinsertion. Peer education typically involves training and supporting a small group with the same background, experience and values to share knowledge and change behaviour patterns among their peers. Peer education is often used to bring about changes in the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the indivi- dual level. However, the approach can also be used as part of efforts to create change at the group level or in society as a whole by modifying norms and stimulating collective action, both of which contribute to changes in policies and programmes. Globally, peer education is one of the most widely used strategies to address the HIV\/AIDS pandemic. It increases the capacity and sustainability of HIV\/AIDS awareness and sensitization efforts. HIV\/AIDS peer education kits for uniformed services and additional material for awareness sessions for women and children are available from UNAIDS and Family Health International.8 (See section 9.2 of this module.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1146, "Sentence":"On the basis of the qualitative data gathered during the planning stages, infor- mation, education and communication materials should be developed that are sensitive to the local culture and customs.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR basis qualitative data gathered planning stage infor mation education communication material developed sensitive local culture custom ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.2. HIV\/AIDS awareness training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Initial HIV awareness training should be provided to DDR participants, covering the basic facts of HIV transmission and prevention methods, and debunking common myths (2-hour sessions). On the basis of the qualitative data gathered during the planning stages, infor- mation, education and communication materials should be developed that are sensitive to the local culture and customs. Written materials in local languages are useful, but alternative materials using pictures should also be provided to account for different literacy rates and specifically to target children. Separate training for men and women should be available to encourage individuals to speak openly and ask questions. Children should receive special training in ICCs, in collaboration with child-protection officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Peer education programmes can be initiated during more extended cantonment periods of four weeks or more, and during reinsertion. Peer education typically involves training and supporting a small group with the same background, experience and values to share knowledge and change behaviour patterns among their peers. Peer education is often used to bring about changes in the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the indivi- dual level. However, the approach can also be used as part of efforts to create change at the group level or in society as a whole by modifying norms and stimulating collective action, both of which contribute to changes in policies and programmes. Globally, peer education is one of the most widely used strategies to address the HIV\/AIDS pandemic. It increases the capacity and sustainability of HIV\/AIDS awareness and sensitization efforts. HIV\/AIDS peer education kits for uniformed services and additional material for awareness sessions for women and children are available from UNAIDS and Family Health International.8 (See section 9.2 of this module.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1146, "Sentence":"Written materials in local languages are useful, but alternative materials using pictures should also be provided to account for different literacy rates and specifically to target children.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR written material local language useful alternative material using picture also provided account different literacy rate specifically target child ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.2. HIV\/AIDS awareness training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Initial HIV awareness training should be provided to DDR participants, covering the basic facts of HIV transmission and prevention methods, and debunking common myths (2-hour sessions). On the basis of the qualitative data gathered during the planning stages, infor- mation, education and communication materials should be developed that are sensitive to the local culture and customs. Written materials in local languages are useful, but alternative materials using pictures should also be provided to account for different literacy rates and specifically to target children. Separate training for men and women should be available to encourage individuals to speak openly and ask questions. Children should receive special training in ICCs, in collaboration with child-protection officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Peer education programmes can be initiated during more extended cantonment periods of four weeks or more, and during reinsertion. Peer education typically involves training and supporting a small group with the same background, experience and values to share knowledge and change behaviour patterns among their peers. Peer education is often used to bring about changes in the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the indivi- dual level. However, the approach can also be used as part of efforts to create change at the group level or in society as a whole by modifying norms and stimulating collective action, both of which contribute to changes in policies and programmes. Globally, peer education is one of the most widely used strategies to address the HIV\/AIDS pandemic. It increases the capacity and sustainability of HIV\/AIDS awareness and sensitization efforts. HIV\/AIDS peer education kits for uniformed services and additional material for awareness sessions for women and children are available from UNAIDS and Family Health International.8 (See section 9.2 of this module.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1146, "Sentence":"Separate training for men and women should be available to encourage individuals to speak openly and ask questions.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR separate training men woman available encourage individual speak openly ask question ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.2. HIV\/AIDS awareness training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Initial HIV awareness training should be provided to DDR participants, covering the basic facts of HIV transmission and prevention methods, and debunking common myths (2-hour sessions). On the basis of the qualitative data gathered during the planning stages, infor- mation, education and communication materials should be developed that are sensitive to the local culture and customs. Written materials in local languages are useful, but alternative materials using pictures should also be provided to account for different literacy rates and specifically to target children. Separate training for men and women should be available to encourage individuals to speak openly and ask questions. Children should receive special training in ICCs, in collaboration with child-protection officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Peer education programmes can be initiated during more extended cantonment periods of four weeks or more, and during reinsertion. Peer education typically involves training and supporting a small group with the same background, experience and values to share knowledge and change behaviour patterns among their peers. Peer education is often used to bring about changes in the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the indivi- dual level. However, the approach can also be used as part of efforts to create change at the group level or in society as a whole by modifying norms and stimulating collective action, both of which contribute to changes in policies and programmes. Globally, peer education is one of the most widely used strategies to address the HIV\/AIDS pandemic. It increases the capacity and sustainability of HIV\/AIDS awareness and sensitization efforts. HIV\/AIDS peer education kits for uniformed services and additional material for awareness sessions for women and children are available from UNAIDS and Family Health International.8 (See section 9.2 of this module.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1146, "Sentence":"Children should receive special training in ICCs, in collaboration with child-protection officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Peer education programmes can be initiated during more extended cantonment periods of four weeks or more, and during reinsertion.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR child receive special training icc collaboration childprotection officer also see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr iddrs 5.30 child ddr.peer education programme initiated extended cantonment period four week reinsertion ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.2. HIV\/AIDS awareness training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Initial HIV awareness training should be provided to DDR participants, covering the basic facts of HIV transmission and prevention methods, and debunking common myths (2-hour sessions). On the basis of the qualitative data gathered during the planning stages, infor- mation, education and communication materials should be developed that are sensitive to the local culture and customs. Written materials in local languages are useful, but alternative materials using pictures should also be provided to account for different literacy rates and specifically to target children. Separate training for men and women should be available to encourage individuals to speak openly and ask questions. Children should receive special training in ICCs, in collaboration with child-protection officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Peer education programmes can be initiated during more extended cantonment periods of four weeks or more, and during reinsertion. Peer education typically involves training and supporting a small group with the same background, experience and values to share knowledge and change behaviour patterns among their peers. Peer education is often used to bring about changes in the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the indivi- dual level. However, the approach can also be used as part of efforts to create change at the group level or in society as a whole by modifying norms and stimulating collective action, both of which contribute to changes in policies and programmes. Globally, peer education is one of the most widely used strategies to address the HIV\/AIDS pandemic. It increases the capacity and sustainability of HIV\/AIDS awareness and sensitization efforts. HIV\/AIDS peer education kits for uniformed services and additional material for awareness sessions for women and children are available from UNAIDS and Family Health International.8 (See section 9.2 of this module.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1146, "Sentence":"Peer education typically involves training and supporting a small group with the same background, experience and values to share knowledge and change behaviour patterns among their peers.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR peer education typically involves training supporting small group background experience value share knowledge change behaviour pattern among peer ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.2. HIV\/AIDS awareness training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Initial HIV awareness training should be provided to DDR participants, covering the basic facts of HIV transmission and prevention methods, and debunking common myths (2-hour sessions). On the basis of the qualitative data gathered during the planning stages, infor- mation, education and communication materials should be developed that are sensitive to the local culture and customs. Written materials in local languages are useful, but alternative materials using pictures should also be provided to account for different literacy rates and specifically to target children. Separate training for men and women should be available to encourage individuals to speak openly and ask questions. Children should receive special training in ICCs, in collaboration with child-protection officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Peer education programmes can be initiated during more extended cantonment periods of four weeks or more, and during reinsertion. Peer education typically involves training and supporting a small group with the same background, experience and values to share knowledge and change behaviour patterns among their peers. Peer education is often used to bring about changes in the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the indivi- dual level. However, the approach can also be used as part of efforts to create change at the group level or in society as a whole by modifying norms and stimulating collective action, both of which contribute to changes in policies and programmes. Globally, peer education is one of the most widely used strategies to address the HIV\/AIDS pandemic. It increases the capacity and sustainability of HIV\/AIDS awareness and sensitization efforts. HIV\/AIDS peer education kits for uniformed services and additional material for awareness sessions for women and children are available from UNAIDS and Family Health International.8 (See section 9.2 of this module.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1146, "Sentence":"Peer education is often used to bring about changes in the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the indivi- dual level.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR peer education often used bring change knowledge attitude belief behaviour indivi dual level ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.2. HIV\/AIDS awareness training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Initial HIV awareness training should be provided to DDR participants, covering the basic facts of HIV transmission and prevention methods, and debunking common myths (2-hour sessions). On the basis of the qualitative data gathered during the planning stages, infor- mation, education and communication materials should be developed that are sensitive to the local culture and customs. Written materials in local languages are useful, but alternative materials using pictures should also be provided to account for different literacy rates and specifically to target children. Separate training for men and women should be available to encourage individuals to speak openly and ask questions. Children should receive special training in ICCs, in collaboration with child-protection officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Peer education programmes can be initiated during more extended cantonment periods of four weeks or more, and during reinsertion. Peer education typically involves training and supporting a small group with the same background, experience and values to share knowledge and change behaviour patterns among their peers. Peer education is often used to bring about changes in the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the indivi- dual level. However, the approach can also be used as part of efforts to create change at the group level or in society as a whole by modifying norms and stimulating collective action, both of which contribute to changes in policies and programmes. Globally, peer education is one of the most widely used strategies to address the HIV\/AIDS pandemic. It increases the capacity and sustainability of HIV\/AIDS awareness and sensitization efforts. HIV\/AIDS peer education kits for uniformed services and additional material for awareness sessions for women and children are available from UNAIDS and Family Health International.8 (See section 9.2 of this module.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1146, "Sentence":"However, the approach can also be used as part of efforts to create change at the group level or in society as a whole by modifying norms and stimulating collective action, both of which contribute to changes in policies and programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR however approach also used part effort create change group level society whole modifying norm stimulating collective action contribute change policy programme ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.2. HIV\/AIDS awareness training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Initial HIV awareness training should be provided to DDR participants, covering the basic facts of HIV transmission and prevention methods, and debunking common myths (2-hour sessions). On the basis of the qualitative data gathered during the planning stages, infor- mation, education and communication materials should be developed that are sensitive to the local culture and customs. Written materials in local languages are useful, but alternative materials using pictures should also be provided to account for different literacy rates and specifically to target children. Separate training for men and women should be available to encourage individuals to speak openly and ask questions. Children should receive special training in ICCs, in collaboration with child-protection officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Peer education programmes can be initiated during more extended cantonment periods of four weeks or more, and during reinsertion. Peer education typically involves training and supporting a small group with the same background, experience and values to share knowledge and change behaviour patterns among their peers. Peer education is often used to bring about changes in the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the indivi- dual level. However, the approach can also be used as part of efforts to create change at the group level or in society as a whole by modifying norms and stimulating collective action, both of which contribute to changes in policies and programmes. Globally, peer education is one of the most widely used strategies to address the HIV\/AIDS pandemic. It increases the capacity and sustainability of HIV\/AIDS awareness and sensitization efforts. HIV\/AIDS peer education kits for uniformed services and additional material for awareness sessions for women and children are available from UNAIDS and Family Health International.8 (See section 9.2 of this module.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1146, "Sentence":"Globally, peer education is one of the most widely used strategies to address the HIV\/AIDS pandemic.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR globally peer education one widely used strategy address hiv\/aids pandemic ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.2. HIV\/AIDS awareness training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Initial HIV awareness training should be provided to DDR participants, covering the basic facts of HIV transmission and prevention methods, and debunking common myths (2-hour sessions). On the basis of the qualitative data gathered during the planning stages, infor- mation, education and communication materials should be developed that are sensitive to the local culture and customs. Written materials in local languages are useful, but alternative materials using pictures should also be provided to account for different literacy rates and specifically to target children. Separate training for men and women should be available to encourage individuals to speak openly and ask questions. Children should receive special training in ICCs, in collaboration with child-protection officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Peer education programmes can be initiated during more extended cantonment periods of four weeks or more, and during reinsertion. Peer education typically involves training and supporting a small group with the same background, experience and values to share knowledge and change behaviour patterns among their peers. Peer education is often used to bring about changes in the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the indivi- dual level. However, the approach can also be used as part of efforts to create change at the group level or in society as a whole by modifying norms and stimulating collective action, both of which contribute to changes in policies and programmes. Globally, peer education is one of the most widely used strategies to address the HIV\/AIDS pandemic. It increases the capacity and sustainability of HIV\/AIDS awareness and sensitization efforts. HIV\/AIDS peer education kits for uniformed services and additional material for awareness sessions for women and children are available from UNAIDS and Family Health International.8 (See section 9.2 of this module.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1146, "Sentence":"It increases the capacity and sustainability of HIV\/AIDS awareness and sensitization efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR increase capacity sustainability hiv\/aids awareness sensitization effort ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.2. HIV\/AIDS awareness training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Initial HIV awareness training should be provided to DDR participants, covering the basic facts of HIV transmission and prevention methods, and debunking common myths (2-hour sessions). On the basis of the qualitative data gathered during the planning stages, infor- mation, education and communication materials should be developed that are sensitive to the local culture and customs. Written materials in local languages are useful, but alternative materials using pictures should also be provided to account for different literacy rates and specifically to target children. Separate training for men and women should be available to encourage individuals to speak openly and ask questions. Children should receive special training in ICCs, in collaboration with child-protection officers (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Peer education programmes can be initiated during more extended cantonment periods of four weeks or more, and during reinsertion. Peer education typically involves training and supporting a small group with the same background, experience and values to share knowledge and change behaviour patterns among their peers. Peer education is often used to bring about changes in the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the indivi- dual level. However, the approach can also be used as part of efforts to create change at the group level or in society as a whole by modifying norms and stimulating collective action, both of which contribute to changes in policies and programmes. Globally, peer education is one of the most widely used strategies to address the HIV\/AIDS pandemic. It increases the capacity and sustainability of HIV\/AIDS awareness and sensitization efforts. HIV\/AIDS peer education kits for uniformed services and additional material for awareness sessions for women and children are available from UNAIDS and Family Health International.8 (See section 9.2 of this module.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1146, "Sentence":"HIV\/AIDS peer education kits for uniformed services and additional material for awareness sessions for women and children are available from UNAIDS and Family Health International.8 (See section 9.2 of this module.)", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR hiv\/aids peer education kit uniformed service additional material awareness session woman child available unaids family health international.8 see section 9.2 module ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.3. Syndromic management of STIs", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Screening and treatment for STIs should be a standard component of health screening for participants. STIs indicate risk behaviour, and their presence increases the chances of contracting or transmitting HIV. Syndromic management is a cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diagnose STIs based on a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum anti-biotics. Individuals with an STI should be strongly encouraged to bring their partners in for STI screening so that both can receive treatment in order to prevent reinfection (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1147, "Sentence":"Screening and treatment for STIs should be a standard component of health screening for participants.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR screening treatment stis standard component health screening participant ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.3. Syndromic management of STIs", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Screening and treatment for STIs should be a standard component of health screening for participants. STIs indicate risk behaviour, and their presence increases the chances of contracting or transmitting HIV. Syndromic management is a cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diagnose STIs based on a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum anti-biotics. Individuals with an STI should be strongly encouraged to bring their partners in for STI screening so that both can receive treatment in order to prevent reinfection (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1147, "Sentence":"STIs indicate risk behaviour, and their presence increases the chances of contracting or transmitting HIV.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR stis indicate risk behaviour presence increase chance contracting transmitting hiv ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.3. Syndromic management of STIs", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Screening and treatment for STIs should be a standard component of health screening for participants. STIs indicate risk behaviour, and their presence increases the chances of contracting or transmitting HIV. Syndromic management is a cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diagnose STIs based on a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum anti-biotics. Individuals with an STI should be strongly encouraged to bring their partners in for STI screening so that both can receive treatment in order to prevent reinfection (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1147, "Sentence":"Syndromic management is a cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diagnose STIs based on a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR syndromic management costeffective approach allows health worker diagnose stis based patient \u2019 history symptom without need laboratory analysis ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.3. Syndromic management of STIs", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Screening and treatment for STIs should be a standard component of health screening for participants. STIs indicate risk behaviour, and their presence increases the chances of contracting or transmitting HIV. Syndromic management is a cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diagnose STIs based on a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum anti-biotics. Individuals with an STI should be strongly encouraged to bring their partners in for STI screening so that both can receive treatment in order to prevent reinfection (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1147, "Sentence":"Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum anti-biotics.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR treatment normally includes use broadspectrum antibiotic ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.3. Syndromic management of STIs", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Screening and treatment for STIs should be a standard component of health screening for participants. STIs indicate risk behaviour, and their presence increases the chances of contracting or transmitting HIV. Syndromic management is a cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diagnose STIs based on a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum anti-biotics. Individuals with an STI should be strongly encouraged to bring their partners in for STI screening so that both can receive treatment in order to prevent reinfection (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1147, "Sentence":"Individuals with an STI should be strongly encouraged to bring their partners in for STI screening so that both can receive treatment in order to prevent reinfection (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR individual sti strongly encouraged bring partner sti screening receive treatment order prevent reinfection also see iddrs 5.70 health ddr ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling and testing as a way of allowing people to find out their HIV status is an inte- gral element of prevention activities. Testing can be problematic in countries where ARVs are not yet easily available, and it is therefore important that any test is based on informed consent and that providers are transparent about benefits and options (for example, addi- tional nutritional support for HIV-positive people from the World Food Programme, and treatment for opportunistic infections). The confidentiality of results shall also be assured. Even if treatment is not available, HIV-positive individuals can be provided with nutritional and other health advice to avoid opportunistic infections (also see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR). Their HIV status may also influence their personal planning, includ- ing vocational choices, etc. According to UNAIDS, the majority of people living with HIV do not even know that they are infected. This emphasizes the importance of providing DDR participants with the option to find out their HIV status. Indeed, it may be that demand for VCT at the local level will have to be generated through awareness and advocacy cam- paigns, as people may either not understand the relevance of, or be reluctant to have, an HIV-test.It is particularly important for pregnant women to know their HIV status, as this may affect the health of their baby. During counselling, information on mother-to-child-trans- mission, including short-course ARV therapy (to reduce the risk of transmission from an HIV-positive mother to the foetus), and guidance on breastfeeding can be provided. Testing technologies have improved significantly, cutting the time required to get a result and reduc- ing the reliance on laboratory facilities. It is therefore more feasible to include testing and counselling in DDR. Testing and counselling for children associated with armed forces and groups should only be carried out in consultation with a child-protection officer with, where possible, the informed consent of the parent (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). \\n Training and funding of HIV counsellors: Based on an assessment of existing capacity, counsellors could include local medical personnel, religious leaders, NGOs and CBOs. Counselling capacity needs to be generated (where it does not already exist) and funded to ensure suffi- cient personnel to run VCT and testing being offered as part of routine health checks, either in cantonment sites or during community-based demobilization, and continued during rein- sertion and reintegration (see section 10.1 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1148, "Sentence":"Counselling and testing as a way of allowing people to find out their HIV status is an inte- gral element of prevention activities.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR counselling testing way allowing people find hiv status inte gral element prevention activity ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling and testing as a way of allowing people to find out their HIV status is an inte- gral element of prevention activities. Testing can be problematic in countries where ARVs are not yet easily available, and it is therefore important that any test is based on informed consent and that providers are transparent about benefits and options (for example, addi- tional nutritional support for HIV-positive people from the World Food Programme, and treatment for opportunistic infections). The confidentiality of results shall also be assured. Even if treatment is not available, HIV-positive individuals can be provided with nutritional and other health advice to avoid opportunistic infections (also see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR). Their HIV status may also influence their personal planning, includ- ing vocational choices, etc. According to UNAIDS, the majority of people living with HIV do not even know that they are infected. This emphasizes the importance of providing DDR participants with the option to find out their HIV status. Indeed, it may be that demand for VCT at the local level will have to be generated through awareness and advocacy cam- paigns, as people may either not understand the relevance of, or be reluctant to have, an HIV-test.It is particularly important for pregnant women to know their HIV status, as this may affect the health of their baby. During counselling, information on mother-to-child-trans- mission, including short-course ARV therapy (to reduce the risk of transmission from an HIV-positive mother to the foetus), and guidance on breastfeeding can be provided. Testing technologies have improved significantly, cutting the time required to get a result and reduc- ing the reliance on laboratory facilities. It is therefore more feasible to include testing and counselling in DDR. Testing and counselling for children associated with armed forces and groups should only be carried out in consultation with a child-protection officer with, where possible, the informed consent of the parent (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). \\n Training and funding of HIV counsellors: Based on an assessment of existing capacity, counsellors could include local medical personnel, religious leaders, NGOs and CBOs. Counselling capacity needs to be generated (where it does not already exist) and funded to ensure suffi- cient personnel to run VCT and testing being offered as part of routine health checks, either in cantonment sites or during community-based demobilization, and continued during rein- sertion and reintegration (see section 10.1 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1148, "Sentence":"Testing can be problematic in countries where ARVs are not yet easily available, and it is therefore important that any test is based on informed consent and that providers are transparent about benefits and options (for example, addi- tional nutritional support for HIV-positive people from the World Food Programme, and treatment for opportunistic infections).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR testing problematic country arvs yet easily available therefore important test based informed consent provider transparent benefit option example addi tional nutritional support hivpositive people world food programme treatment opportunistic infection ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling and testing as a way of allowing people to find out their HIV status is an inte- gral element of prevention activities. Testing can be problematic in countries where ARVs are not yet easily available, and it is therefore important that any test is based on informed consent and that providers are transparent about benefits and options (for example, addi- tional nutritional support for HIV-positive people from the World Food Programme, and treatment for opportunistic infections). The confidentiality of results shall also be assured. Even if treatment is not available, HIV-positive individuals can be provided with nutritional and other health advice to avoid opportunistic infections (also see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR). Their HIV status may also influence their personal planning, includ- ing vocational choices, etc. According to UNAIDS, the majority of people living with HIV do not even know that they are infected. This emphasizes the importance of providing DDR participants with the option to find out their HIV status. Indeed, it may be that demand for VCT at the local level will have to be generated through awareness and advocacy cam- paigns, as people may either not understand the relevance of, or be reluctant to have, an HIV-test.It is particularly important for pregnant women to know their HIV status, as this may affect the health of their baby. During counselling, information on mother-to-child-trans- mission, including short-course ARV therapy (to reduce the risk of transmission from an HIV-positive mother to the foetus), and guidance on breastfeeding can be provided. Testing technologies have improved significantly, cutting the time required to get a result and reduc- ing the reliance on laboratory facilities. It is therefore more feasible to include testing and counselling in DDR. Testing and counselling for children associated with armed forces and groups should only be carried out in consultation with a child-protection officer with, where possible, the informed consent of the parent (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). \\n Training and funding of HIV counsellors: Based on an assessment of existing capacity, counsellors could include local medical personnel, religious leaders, NGOs and CBOs. Counselling capacity needs to be generated (where it does not already exist) and funded to ensure suffi- cient personnel to run VCT and testing being offered as part of routine health checks, either in cantonment sites or during community-based demobilization, and continued during rein- sertion and reintegration (see section 10.1 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1148, "Sentence":"The confidentiality of results shall also be assured.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR confidentiality result shall also assured ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling and testing as a way of allowing people to find out their HIV status is an inte- gral element of prevention activities. Testing can be problematic in countries where ARVs are not yet easily available, and it is therefore important that any test is based on informed consent and that providers are transparent about benefits and options (for example, addi- tional nutritional support for HIV-positive people from the World Food Programme, and treatment for opportunistic infections). The confidentiality of results shall also be assured. Even if treatment is not available, HIV-positive individuals can be provided with nutritional and other health advice to avoid opportunistic infections (also see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR). Their HIV status may also influence their personal planning, includ- ing vocational choices, etc. According to UNAIDS, the majority of people living with HIV do not even know that they are infected. This emphasizes the importance of providing DDR participants with the option to find out their HIV status. Indeed, it may be that demand for VCT at the local level will have to be generated through awareness and advocacy cam- paigns, as people may either not understand the relevance of, or be reluctant to have, an HIV-test.It is particularly important for pregnant women to know their HIV status, as this may affect the health of their baby. During counselling, information on mother-to-child-trans- mission, including short-course ARV therapy (to reduce the risk of transmission from an HIV-positive mother to the foetus), and guidance on breastfeeding can be provided. Testing technologies have improved significantly, cutting the time required to get a result and reduc- ing the reliance on laboratory facilities. It is therefore more feasible to include testing and counselling in DDR. Testing and counselling for children associated with armed forces and groups should only be carried out in consultation with a child-protection officer with, where possible, the informed consent of the parent (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). \\n Training and funding of HIV counsellors: Based on an assessment of existing capacity, counsellors could include local medical personnel, religious leaders, NGOs and CBOs. Counselling capacity needs to be generated (where it does not already exist) and funded to ensure suffi- cient personnel to run VCT and testing being offered as part of routine health checks, either in cantonment sites or during community-based demobilization, and continued during rein- sertion and reintegration (see section 10.1 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1148, "Sentence":"Even if treatment is not available, HIV-positive individuals can be provided with nutritional and other health advice to avoid opportunistic infections (also see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR even treatment available hivpositive individual provided nutritional health advice avoid opportunistic infection also see iddrs 5.50 food aid programme ddr ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling and testing as a way of allowing people to find out their HIV status is an inte- gral element of prevention activities. Testing can be problematic in countries where ARVs are not yet easily available, and it is therefore important that any test is based on informed consent and that providers are transparent about benefits and options (for example, addi- tional nutritional support for HIV-positive people from the World Food Programme, and treatment for opportunistic infections). The confidentiality of results shall also be assured. Even if treatment is not available, HIV-positive individuals can be provided with nutritional and other health advice to avoid opportunistic infections (also see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR). Their HIV status may also influence their personal planning, includ- ing vocational choices, etc. According to UNAIDS, the majority of people living with HIV do not even know that they are infected. This emphasizes the importance of providing DDR participants with the option to find out their HIV status. Indeed, it may be that demand for VCT at the local level will have to be generated through awareness and advocacy cam- paigns, as people may either not understand the relevance of, or be reluctant to have, an HIV-test.It is particularly important for pregnant women to know their HIV status, as this may affect the health of their baby. During counselling, information on mother-to-child-trans- mission, including short-course ARV therapy (to reduce the risk of transmission from an HIV-positive mother to the foetus), and guidance on breastfeeding can be provided. Testing technologies have improved significantly, cutting the time required to get a result and reduc- ing the reliance on laboratory facilities. It is therefore more feasible to include testing and counselling in DDR. Testing and counselling for children associated with armed forces and groups should only be carried out in consultation with a child-protection officer with, where possible, the informed consent of the parent (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). \\n Training and funding of HIV counsellors: Based on an assessment of existing capacity, counsellors could include local medical personnel, religious leaders, NGOs and CBOs. Counselling capacity needs to be generated (where it does not already exist) and funded to ensure suffi- cient personnel to run VCT and testing being offered as part of routine health checks, either in cantonment sites or during community-based demobilization, and continued during rein- sertion and reintegration (see section 10.1 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1148, "Sentence":"Their HIV status may also influence their personal planning, includ- ing vocational choices, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR hiv status may also influence personal planning includ ing vocational choice etc ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling and testing as a way of allowing people to find out their HIV status is an inte- gral element of prevention activities. Testing can be problematic in countries where ARVs are not yet easily available, and it is therefore important that any test is based on informed consent and that providers are transparent about benefits and options (for example, addi- tional nutritional support for HIV-positive people from the World Food Programme, and treatment for opportunistic infections). The confidentiality of results shall also be assured. Even if treatment is not available, HIV-positive individuals can be provided with nutritional and other health advice to avoid opportunistic infections (also see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR). Their HIV status may also influence their personal planning, includ- ing vocational choices, etc. According to UNAIDS, the majority of people living with HIV do not even know that they are infected. This emphasizes the importance of providing DDR participants with the option to find out their HIV status. Indeed, it may be that demand for VCT at the local level will have to be generated through awareness and advocacy cam- paigns, as people may either not understand the relevance of, or be reluctant to have, an HIV-test.It is particularly important for pregnant women to know their HIV status, as this may affect the health of their baby. During counselling, information on mother-to-child-trans- mission, including short-course ARV therapy (to reduce the risk of transmission from an HIV-positive mother to the foetus), and guidance on breastfeeding can be provided. Testing technologies have improved significantly, cutting the time required to get a result and reduc- ing the reliance on laboratory facilities. It is therefore more feasible to include testing and counselling in DDR. Testing and counselling for children associated with armed forces and groups should only be carried out in consultation with a child-protection officer with, where possible, the informed consent of the parent (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). \\n Training and funding of HIV counsellors: Based on an assessment of existing capacity, counsellors could include local medical personnel, religious leaders, NGOs and CBOs. Counselling capacity needs to be generated (where it does not already exist) and funded to ensure suffi- cient personnel to run VCT and testing being offered as part of routine health checks, either in cantonment sites or during community-based demobilization, and continued during rein- sertion and reintegration (see section 10.1 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1148, "Sentence":"According to UNAIDS, the majority of people living with HIV do not even know that they are infected.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR according unaids majority people living hiv even know infected ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling and testing as a way of allowing people to find out their HIV status is an inte- gral element of prevention activities. Testing can be problematic in countries where ARVs are not yet easily available, and it is therefore important that any test is based on informed consent and that providers are transparent about benefits and options (for example, addi- tional nutritional support for HIV-positive people from the World Food Programme, and treatment for opportunistic infections). The confidentiality of results shall also be assured. Even if treatment is not available, HIV-positive individuals can be provided with nutritional and other health advice to avoid opportunistic infections (also see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR). Their HIV status may also influence their personal planning, includ- ing vocational choices, etc. According to UNAIDS, the majority of people living with HIV do not even know that they are infected. This emphasizes the importance of providing DDR participants with the option to find out their HIV status. Indeed, it may be that demand for VCT at the local level will have to be generated through awareness and advocacy cam- paigns, as people may either not understand the relevance of, or be reluctant to have, an HIV-test.It is particularly important for pregnant women to know their HIV status, as this may affect the health of their baby. During counselling, information on mother-to-child-trans- mission, including short-course ARV therapy (to reduce the risk of transmission from an HIV-positive mother to the foetus), and guidance on breastfeeding can be provided. Testing technologies have improved significantly, cutting the time required to get a result and reduc- ing the reliance on laboratory facilities. It is therefore more feasible to include testing and counselling in DDR. Testing and counselling for children associated with armed forces and groups should only be carried out in consultation with a child-protection officer with, where possible, the informed consent of the parent (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). \\n Training and funding of HIV counsellors: Based on an assessment of existing capacity, counsellors could include local medical personnel, religious leaders, NGOs and CBOs. Counselling capacity needs to be generated (where it does not already exist) and funded to ensure suffi- cient personnel to run VCT and testing being offered as part of routine health checks, either in cantonment sites or during community-based demobilization, and continued during rein- sertion and reintegration (see section 10.1 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1148, "Sentence":"This emphasizes the importance of providing DDR participants with the option to find out their HIV status.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR emphasizes importance providing ddr participant option find hiv status ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling and testing as a way of allowing people to find out their HIV status is an inte- gral element of prevention activities. Testing can be problematic in countries where ARVs are not yet easily available, and it is therefore important that any test is based on informed consent and that providers are transparent about benefits and options (for example, addi- tional nutritional support for HIV-positive people from the World Food Programme, and treatment for opportunistic infections). The confidentiality of results shall also be assured. Even if treatment is not available, HIV-positive individuals can be provided with nutritional and other health advice to avoid opportunistic infections (also see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR). Their HIV status may also influence their personal planning, includ- ing vocational choices, etc. According to UNAIDS, the majority of people living with HIV do not even know that they are infected. This emphasizes the importance of providing DDR participants with the option to find out their HIV status. Indeed, it may be that demand for VCT at the local level will have to be generated through awareness and advocacy cam- paigns, as people may either not understand the relevance of, or be reluctant to have, an HIV-test.It is particularly important for pregnant women to know their HIV status, as this may affect the health of their baby. During counselling, information on mother-to-child-trans- mission, including short-course ARV therapy (to reduce the risk of transmission from an HIV-positive mother to the foetus), and guidance on breastfeeding can be provided. Testing technologies have improved significantly, cutting the time required to get a result and reduc- ing the reliance on laboratory facilities. It is therefore more feasible to include testing and counselling in DDR. Testing and counselling for children associated with armed forces and groups should only be carried out in consultation with a child-protection officer with, where possible, the informed consent of the parent (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). \\n Training and funding of HIV counsellors: Based on an assessment of existing capacity, counsellors could include local medical personnel, religious leaders, NGOs and CBOs. Counselling capacity needs to be generated (where it does not already exist) and funded to ensure suffi- cient personnel to run VCT and testing being offered as part of routine health checks, either in cantonment sites or during community-based demobilization, and continued during rein- sertion and reintegration (see section 10.1 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1148, "Sentence":"Indeed, it may be that demand for VCT at the local level will have to be generated through awareness and advocacy cam- paigns, as people may either not understand the relevance of, or be reluctant to have, an HIV-test.It is particularly important for pregnant women to know their HIV status, as this may affect the health of their baby.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR indeed may demand vct local level generated awareness advocacy cam paigns people may either understand relevance reluctant hivtest.it particularly important pregnant woman know hiv status may affect health baby ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling and testing as a way of allowing people to find out their HIV status is an inte- gral element of prevention activities. Testing can be problematic in countries where ARVs are not yet easily available, and it is therefore important that any test is based on informed consent and that providers are transparent about benefits and options (for example, addi- tional nutritional support for HIV-positive people from the World Food Programme, and treatment for opportunistic infections). The confidentiality of results shall also be assured. Even if treatment is not available, HIV-positive individuals can be provided with nutritional and other health advice to avoid opportunistic infections (also see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR). Their HIV status may also influence their personal planning, includ- ing vocational choices, etc. According to UNAIDS, the majority of people living with HIV do not even know that they are infected. This emphasizes the importance of providing DDR participants with the option to find out their HIV status. Indeed, it may be that demand for VCT at the local level will have to be generated through awareness and advocacy cam- paigns, as people may either not understand the relevance of, or be reluctant to have, an HIV-test.It is particularly important for pregnant women to know their HIV status, as this may affect the health of their baby. During counselling, information on mother-to-child-trans- mission, including short-course ARV therapy (to reduce the risk of transmission from an HIV-positive mother to the foetus), and guidance on breastfeeding can be provided. Testing technologies have improved significantly, cutting the time required to get a result and reduc- ing the reliance on laboratory facilities. It is therefore more feasible to include testing and counselling in DDR. Testing and counselling for children associated with armed forces and groups should only be carried out in consultation with a child-protection officer with, where possible, the informed consent of the parent (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). \\n Training and funding of HIV counsellors: Based on an assessment of existing capacity, counsellors could include local medical personnel, religious leaders, NGOs and CBOs. Counselling capacity needs to be generated (where it does not already exist) and funded to ensure suffi- cient personnel to run VCT and testing being offered as part of routine health checks, either in cantonment sites or during community-based demobilization, and continued during rein- sertion and reintegration (see section 10.1 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1148, "Sentence":"During counselling, information on mother-to-child-trans- mission, including short-course ARV therapy (to reduce the risk of transmission from an HIV-positive mother to the foetus), and guidance on breastfeeding can be provided.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR counselling information mothertochildtrans mission including shortcourse arv therapy reduce risk transmission hivpositive mother foetus guidance breastfeeding provided ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling and testing as a way of allowing people to find out their HIV status is an inte- gral element of prevention activities. Testing can be problematic in countries where ARVs are not yet easily available, and it is therefore important that any test is based on informed consent and that providers are transparent about benefits and options (for example, addi- tional nutritional support for HIV-positive people from the World Food Programme, and treatment for opportunistic infections). The confidentiality of results shall also be assured. Even if treatment is not available, HIV-positive individuals can be provided with nutritional and other health advice to avoid opportunistic infections (also see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR). Their HIV status may also influence their personal planning, includ- ing vocational choices, etc. According to UNAIDS, the majority of people living with HIV do not even know that they are infected. This emphasizes the importance of providing DDR participants with the option to find out their HIV status. Indeed, it may be that demand for VCT at the local level will have to be generated through awareness and advocacy cam- paigns, as people may either not understand the relevance of, or be reluctant to have, an HIV-test.It is particularly important for pregnant women to know their HIV status, as this may affect the health of their baby. During counselling, information on mother-to-child-trans- mission, including short-course ARV therapy (to reduce the risk of transmission from an HIV-positive mother to the foetus), and guidance on breastfeeding can be provided. Testing technologies have improved significantly, cutting the time required to get a result and reduc- ing the reliance on laboratory facilities. It is therefore more feasible to include testing and counselling in DDR. Testing and counselling for children associated with armed forces and groups should only be carried out in consultation with a child-protection officer with, where possible, the informed consent of the parent (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). \\n Training and funding of HIV counsellors: Based on an assessment of existing capacity, counsellors could include local medical personnel, religious leaders, NGOs and CBOs. Counselling capacity needs to be generated (where it does not already exist) and funded to ensure suffi- cient personnel to run VCT and testing being offered as part of routine health checks, either in cantonment sites or during community-based demobilization, and continued during rein- sertion and reintegration (see section 10.1 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1148, "Sentence":"Testing technologies have improved significantly, cutting the time required to get a result and reduc- ing the reliance on laboratory facilities.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR testing technology improved significantly cutting time required get result reduc ing reliance laboratory facility ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling and testing as a way of allowing people to find out their HIV status is an inte- gral element of prevention activities. Testing can be problematic in countries where ARVs are not yet easily available, and it is therefore important that any test is based on informed consent and that providers are transparent about benefits and options (for example, addi- tional nutritional support for HIV-positive people from the World Food Programme, and treatment for opportunistic infections). The confidentiality of results shall also be assured. Even if treatment is not available, HIV-positive individuals can be provided with nutritional and other health advice to avoid opportunistic infections (also see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR). Their HIV status may also influence their personal planning, includ- ing vocational choices, etc. According to UNAIDS, the majority of people living with HIV do not even know that they are infected. This emphasizes the importance of providing DDR participants with the option to find out their HIV status. Indeed, it may be that demand for VCT at the local level will have to be generated through awareness and advocacy cam- paigns, as people may either not understand the relevance of, or be reluctant to have, an HIV-test.It is particularly important for pregnant women to know their HIV status, as this may affect the health of their baby. During counselling, information on mother-to-child-trans- mission, including short-course ARV therapy (to reduce the risk of transmission from an HIV-positive mother to the foetus), and guidance on breastfeeding can be provided. Testing technologies have improved significantly, cutting the time required to get a result and reduc- ing the reliance on laboratory facilities. It is therefore more feasible to include testing and counselling in DDR. Testing and counselling for children associated with armed forces and groups should only be carried out in consultation with a child-protection officer with, where possible, the informed consent of the parent (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). \\n Training and funding of HIV counsellors: Based on an assessment of existing capacity, counsellors could include local medical personnel, religious leaders, NGOs and CBOs. Counselling capacity needs to be generated (where it does not already exist) and funded to ensure suffi- cient personnel to run VCT and testing being offered as part of routine health checks, either in cantonment sites or during community-based demobilization, and continued during rein- sertion and reintegration (see section 10.1 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1148, "Sentence":"It is therefore more feasible to include testing and counselling in DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR therefore feasible include testing counselling ddr ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling and testing as a way of allowing people to find out their HIV status is an inte- gral element of prevention activities. Testing can be problematic in countries where ARVs are not yet easily available, and it is therefore important that any test is based on informed consent and that providers are transparent about benefits and options (for example, addi- tional nutritional support for HIV-positive people from the World Food Programme, and treatment for opportunistic infections). The confidentiality of results shall also be assured. Even if treatment is not available, HIV-positive individuals can be provided with nutritional and other health advice to avoid opportunistic infections (also see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR). Their HIV status may also influence their personal planning, includ- ing vocational choices, etc. According to UNAIDS, the majority of people living with HIV do not even know that they are infected. This emphasizes the importance of providing DDR participants with the option to find out their HIV status. Indeed, it may be that demand for VCT at the local level will have to be generated through awareness and advocacy cam- paigns, as people may either not understand the relevance of, or be reluctant to have, an HIV-test.It is particularly important for pregnant women to know their HIV status, as this may affect the health of their baby. During counselling, information on mother-to-child-trans- mission, including short-course ARV therapy (to reduce the risk of transmission from an HIV-positive mother to the foetus), and guidance on breastfeeding can be provided. Testing technologies have improved significantly, cutting the time required to get a result and reduc- ing the reliance on laboratory facilities. It is therefore more feasible to include testing and counselling in DDR. Testing and counselling for children associated with armed forces and groups should only be carried out in consultation with a child-protection officer with, where possible, the informed consent of the parent (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). \\n Training and funding of HIV counsellors: Based on an assessment of existing capacity, counsellors could include local medical personnel, religious leaders, NGOs and CBOs. Counselling capacity needs to be generated (where it does not already exist) and funded to ensure suffi- cient personnel to run VCT and testing being offered as part of routine health checks, either in cantonment sites or during community-based demobilization, and continued during rein- sertion and reintegration (see section 10.1 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1148, "Sentence":"Testing and counselling for children associated with armed forces and groups should only be carried out in consultation with a child-protection officer with, where possible, the informed consent of the parent (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR testing counselling child associated armed force group carried consultation childprotection officer possible informed consent parent see iddrs 5.30 child ddr ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling and testing as a way of allowing people to find out their HIV status is an inte- gral element of prevention activities. Testing can be problematic in countries where ARVs are not yet easily available, and it is therefore important that any test is based on informed consent and that providers are transparent about benefits and options (for example, addi- tional nutritional support for HIV-positive people from the World Food Programme, and treatment for opportunistic infections). The confidentiality of results shall also be assured. Even if treatment is not available, HIV-positive individuals can be provided with nutritional and other health advice to avoid opportunistic infections (also see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR). Their HIV status may also influence their personal planning, includ- ing vocational choices, etc. According to UNAIDS, the majority of people living with HIV do not even know that they are infected. This emphasizes the importance of providing DDR participants with the option to find out their HIV status. Indeed, it may be that demand for VCT at the local level will have to be generated through awareness and advocacy cam- paigns, as people may either not understand the relevance of, or be reluctant to have, an HIV-test.It is particularly important for pregnant women to know their HIV status, as this may affect the health of their baby. During counselling, information on mother-to-child-trans- mission, including short-course ARV therapy (to reduce the risk of transmission from an HIV-positive mother to the foetus), and guidance on breastfeeding can be provided. Testing technologies have improved significantly, cutting the time required to get a result and reduc- ing the reliance on laboratory facilities. It is therefore more feasible to include testing and counselling in DDR. Testing and counselling for children associated with armed forces and groups should only be carried out in consultation with a child-protection officer with, where possible, the informed consent of the parent (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). \\n Training and funding of HIV counsellors: Based on an assessment of existing capacity, counsellors could include local medical personnel, religious leaders, NGOs and CBOs. Counselling capacity needs to be generated (where it does not already exist) and funded to ensure suffi- cient personnel to run VCT and testing being offered as part of routine health checks, either in cantonment sites or during community-based demobilization, and continued during rein- sertion and reintegration (see section 10.1 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1148, "Sentence":"\\n Training and funding of HIV counsellors: Based on an assessment of existing capacity, counsellors could include local medical personnel, religious leaders, NGOs and CBOs.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n training funding hiv counsellor based assessment existing capacity counsellor could include local medical personnel religious leader ngo cbos ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling and testing as a way of allowing people to find out their HIV status is an inte- gral element of prevention activities. Testing can be problematic in countries where ARVs are not yet easily available, and it is therefore important that any test is based on informed consent and that providers are transparent about benefits and options (for example, addi- tional nutritional support for HIV-positive people from the World Food Programme, and treatment for opportunistic infections). The confidentiality of results shall also be assured. Even if treatment is not available, HIV-positive individuals can be provided with nutritional and other health advice to avoid opportunistic infections (also see IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR). Their HIV status may also influence their personal planning, includ- ing vocational choices, etc. According to UNAIDS, the majority of people living with HIV do not even know that they are infected. This emphasizes the importance of providing DDR participants with the option to find out their HIV status. Indeed, it may be that demand for VCT at the local level will have to be generated through awareness and advocacy cam- paigns, as people may either not understand the relevance of, or be reluctant to have, an HIV-test.It is particularly important for pregnant women to know their HIV status, as this may affect the health of their baby. During counselling, information on mother-to-child-trans- mission, including short-course ARV therapy (to reduce the risk of transmission from an HIV-positive mother to the foetus), and guidance on breastfeeding can be provided. Testing technologies have improved significantly, cutting the time required to get a result and reduc- ing the reliance on laboratory facilities. It is therefore more feasible to include testing and counselling in DDR. Testing and counselling for children associated with armed forces and groups should only be carried out in consultation with a child-protection officer with, where possible, the informed consent of the parent (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). \\n Training and funding of HIV counsellors: Based on an assessment of existing capacity, counsellors could include local medical personnel, religious leaders, NGOs and CBOs. Counselling capacity needs to be generated (where it does not already exist) and funded to ensure suffi- cient personnel to run VCT and testing being offered as part of routine health checks, either in cantonment sites or during community-based demobilization, and continued during rein- sertion and reintegration (see section 10.1 of this module).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1148, "Sentence":"Counselling capacity needs to be generated (where it does not already exist) and funded to ensure suffi- cient personnel to run VCT and testing being offered as part of routine health checks, either in cantonment sites or during community-based demobilization, and continued during rein- sertion and reintegration (see section 10.1 of this module).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR counselling capacity need generated already exist funded ensure suffi cient personnel run vct testing offered part routine health check either cantonment site communitybased demobilization continued rein sertion reintegration see section 10.1 module ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"8.4.1. Counselling", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling is generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals make an informed decision about whether they want a test and to understand their risk behaviour and cope with a possible positive result (including information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others) and provide referrals to options for treatment, care and support within the national system. Counselling also helps those who are not infected to stay HIV-negative. Counselling on an individual basis is ideal but it can also be offered in group settings with individual follow up.Individuals shall always be informed of their test result and post-test counselling should be provided for both an HIV-positive and an HIV-negative result, especially given the \u2018window period\u2019, the possibility for \u2018false negatives\u2019 and the need to impact on behav- iour. HIV-positive individuals should be strongly encouraged to bring their partner(s) for testing. In all instances, participants should be provided with referrals to further services in their communities. (For psychological, medical and legal support to rape victims see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1149, "Sentence":"Counselling is generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals make an informed decision about whether they want a test and to understand their risk behaviour and cope with a possible positive result (including information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others) and provide referrals to options for treatment, care and support within the national system.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR counselling generally offered hiv test order help individual make informed decision whether want test understand risk behaviour cope possible positive result including information stay healthy possible minimize risk transmission others provide referral option treatment care support within national system ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"8.4.1. Counselling", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling is generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals make an informed decision about whether they want a test and to understand their risk behaviour and cope with a possible positive result (including information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others) and provide referrals to options for treatment, care and support within the national system. Counselling also helps those who are not infected to stay HIV-negative. Counselling on an individual basis is ideal but it can also be offered in group settings with individual follow up.Individuals shall always be informed of their test result and post-test counselling should be provided for both an HIV-positive and an HIV-negative result, especially given the \u2018window period\u2019, the possibility for \u2018false negatives\u2019 and the need to impact on behav- iour. HIV-positive individuals should be strongly encouraged to bring their partner(s) for testing. In all instances, participants should be provided with referrals to further services in their communities. (For psychological, medical and legal support to rape victims see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1149, "Sentence":"Counselling also helps those who are not infected to stay HIV-negative.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR counselling also help infected stay hivnegative ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"8.4.1. Counselling", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling is generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals make an informed decision about whether they want a test and to understand their risk behaviour and cope with a possible positive result (including information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others) and provide referrals to options for treatment, care and support within the national system. Counselling also helps those who are not infected to stay HIV-negative. Counselling on an individual basis is ideal but it can also be offered in group settings with individual follow up.Individuals shall always be informed of their test result and post-test counselling should be provided for both an HIV-positive and an HIV-negative result, especially given the \u2018window period\u2019, the possibility for \u2018false negatives\u2019 and the need to impact on behav- iour. HIV-positive individuals should be strongly encouraged to bring their partner(s) for testing. In all instances, participants should be provided with referrals to further services in their communities. (For psychological, medical and legal support to rape victims see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1149, "Sentence":"Counselling on an individual basis is ideal but it can also be offered in group settings with individual follow up.Individuals shall always be informed of their test result and post-test counselling should be provided for both an HIV-positive and an HIV-negative result, especially given the \u2018window period\u2019, the possibility for \u2018false negatives\u2019 and the need to impact on behav- iour.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR counselling individual basis ideal also offered group setting individual follow up.individuals shall always informed test result posttest counselling provided hivpositive hivnegative result especially given \u2018 window period \u2019 possibility \u2018 false negative \u2019 need impact behav iour ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"8.4.1. Counselling", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling is generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals make an informed decision about whether they want a test and to understand their risk behaviour and cope with a possible positive result (including information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others) and provide referrals to options for treatment, care and support within the national system. Counselling also helps those who are not infected to stay HIV-negative. Counselling on an individual basis is ideal but it can also be offered in group settings with individual follow up.Individuals shall always be informed of their test result and post-test counselling should be provided for both an HIV-positive and an HIV-negative result, especially given the \u2018window period\u2019, the possibility for \u2018false negatives\u2019 and the need to impact on behav- iour. HIV-positive individuals should be strongly encouraged to bring their partner(s) for testing. In all instances, participants should be provided with referrals to further services in their communities. (For psychological, medical and legal support to rape victims see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1149, "Sentence":"HIV-positive individuals should be strongly encouraged to bring their partner(s) for testing.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR hivpositive individual strongly encouraged bring partner testing ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"8.4.1. Counselling", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling is generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals make an informed decision about whether they want a test and to understand their risk behaviour and cope with a possible positive result (including information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others) and provide referrals to options for treatment, care and support within the national system. Counselling also helps those who are not infected to stay HIV-negative. Counselling on an individual basis is ideal but it can also be offered in group settings with individual follow up.Individuals shall always be informed of their test result and post-test counselling should be provided for both an HIV-positive and an HIV-negative result, especially given the \u2018window period\u2019, the possibility for \u2018false negatives\u2019 and the need to impact on behav- iour. HIV-positive individuals should be strongly encouraged to bring their partner(s) for testing. In all instances, participants should be provided with referrals to further services in their communities. (For psychological, medical and legal support to rape victims see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1149, "Sentence":"In all instances, participants should be provided with referrals to further services in their communities.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR instance participant provided referral service community ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"8.4.1. Counselling", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Counselling is generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals make an informed decision about whether they want a test and to understand their risk behaviour and cope with a possible positive result (including information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others) and provide referrals to options for treatment, care and support within the national system. Counselling also helps those who are not infected to stay HIV-negative. Counselling on an individual basis is ideal but it can also be offered in group settings with individual follow up.Individuals shall always be informed of their test result and post-test counselling should be provided for both an HIV-positive and an HIV-negative result, especially given the \u2018window period\u2019, the possibility for \u2018false negatives\u2019 and the need to impact on behav- iour. HIV-positive individuals should be strongly encouraged to bring their partner(s) for testing. In all instances, participants should be provided with referrals to further services in their communities. (For psychological, medical and legal support to rape victims see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1149, "Sentence":"(For psychological, medical and legal support to rape victims see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.)", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR psychological medical legal support rape victim see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"8.4.2. Testing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In countries with an estimated HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more, an HIV test (opt-in), with counselling and informed consent, should be routinely offered as part of standard health checks for ex-combatants, but this must be linked to provisions for treatment and\/or other benefits. In opt-in testing, individuals in a defined group (in this case, DDR participants) are given counselling and are offered the option of having an HIV test. It must be explained that they have the right to decide whether or not they wish to undergo an HIV test, without any personal repercussions. Routinely offering a test respects human rights guidelines, while also reaching a larger population. In general, such an approach results in greater numbers of people finding out their HIV status.Routine opt-in testing is suggested on the basis that DDR participants are a distinct and potentially high-risk group. However, VCT services for participants and beneficiaries should also be provided alongside any offer of testing as part of medicals. Voluntary testing is a client initiated process, whereby an individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status.Advances in testing technology mean that rapid tests can provide a test result within approximately 30 minutes and do not require blood to be drawn or laboratory facilities. HIV-positive results need to be confirmed to rule out \u2018false positives\u2019. If local laboratory facilities do not exist, a combination of two further different rapid tests should be used to confirm an HIV-positive result. The mapping exercise will have identified national capacities (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Planners also need to consult national legislation regarding which HIV tests are ac- cepted, particularly with regard to rapid tests.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1150, "Sentence":"In countries with an estimated HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more, an HIV test (opt-in), with counselling and informed consent, should be routinely offered as part of standard health checks for ex-combatants, but this must be linked to provisions for treatment and\/or other benefits.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR country estimated hiv prevalence 5 percent hiv test optin counselling informed consent routinely offered part standard health check excombatants must linked provision treatment and\/or benefit ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"8.4.2. Testing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In countries with an estimated HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more, an HIV test (opt-in), with counselling and informed consent, should be routinely offered as part of standard health checks for ex-combatants, but this must be linked to provisions for treatment and\/or other benefits. In opt-in testing, individuals in a defined group (in this case, DDR participants) are given counselling and are offered the option of having an HIV test. It must be explained that they have the right to decide whether or not they wish to undergo an HIV test, without any personal repercussions. Routinely offering a test respects human rights guidelines, while also reaching a larger population. In general, such an approach results in greater numbers of people finding out their HIV status.Routine opt-in testing is suggested on the basis that DDR participants are a distinct and potentially high-risk group. However, VCT services for participants and beneficiaries should also be provided alongside any offer of testing as part of medicals. Voluntary testing is a client initiated process, whereby an individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status.Advances in testing technology mean that rapid tests can provide a test result within approximately 30 minutes and do not require blood to be drawn or laboratory facilities. HIV-positive results need to be confirmed to rule out \u2018false positives\u2019. If local laboratory facilities do not exist, a combination of two further different rapid tests should be used to confirm an HIV-positive result. The mapping exercise will have identified national capacities (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Planners also need to consult national legislation regarding which HIV tests are ac- cepted, particularly with regard to rapid tests.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1150, "Sentence":"In opt-in testing, individuals in a defined group (in this case, DDR participants) are given counselling and are offered the option of having an HIV test.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR optin testing individual defined group case ddr participant given counselling offered option hiv test ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"8.4.2. Testing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In countries with an estimated HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more, an HIV test (opt-in), with counselling and informed consent, should be routinely offered as part of standard health checks for ex-combatants, but this must be linked to provisions for treatment and\/or other benefits. In opt-in testing, individuals in a defined group (in this case, DDR participants) are given counselling and are offered the option of having an HIV test. It must be explained that they have the right to decide whether or not they wish to undergo an HIV test, without any personal repercussions. Routinely offering a test respects human rights guidelines, while also reaching a larger population. In general, such an approach results in greater numbers of people finding out their HIV status.Routine opt-in testing is suggested on the basis that DDR participants are a distinct and potentially high-risk group. However, VCT services for participants and beneficiaries should also be provided alongside any offer of testing as part of medicals. Voluntary testing is a client initiated process, whereby an individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status.Advances in testing technology mean that rapid tests can provide a test result within approximately 30 minutes and do not require blood to be drawn or laboratory facilities. HIV-positive results need to be confirmed to rule out \u2018false positives\u2019. If local laboratory facilities do not exist, a combination of two further different rapid tests should be used to confirm an HIV-positive result. The mapping exercise will have identified national capacities (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Planners also need to consult national legislation regarding which HIV tests are ac- cepted, particularly with regard to rapid tests.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1150, "Sentence":"It must be explained that they have the right to decide whether or not they wish to undergo an HIV test, without any personal repercussions.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR must explained right decide whether wish undergo hiv test without personal repercussion ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"8.4.2. Testing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In countries with an estimated HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more, an HIV test (opt-in), with counselling and informed consent, should be routinely offered as part of standard health checks for ex-combatants, but this must be linked to provisions for treatment and\/or other benefits. In opt-in testing, individuals in a defined group (in this case, DDR participants) are given counselling and are offered the option of having an HIV test. It must be explained that they have the right to decide whether or not they wish to undergo an HIV test, without any personal repercussions. Routinely offering a test respects human rights guidelines, while also reaching a larger population. In general, such an approach results in greater numbers of people finding out their HIV status.Routine opt-in testing is suggested on the basis that DDR participants are a distinct and potentially high-risk group. However, VCT services for participants and beneficiaries should also be provided alongside any offer of testing as part of medicals. Voluntary testing is a client initiated process, whereby an individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status.Advances in testing technology mean that rapid tests can provide a test result within approximately 30 minutes and do not require blood to be drawn or laboratory facilities. HIV-positive results need to be confirmed to rule out \u2018false positives\u2019. If local laboratory facilities do not exist, a combination of two further different rapid tests should be used to confirm an HIV-positive result. The mapping exercise will have identified national capacities (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Planners also need to consult national legislation regarding which HIV tests are ac- cepted, particularly with regard to rapid tests.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1150, "Sentence":"Routinely offering a test respects human rights guidelines, while also reaching a larger population.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR routinely offering test respect human right guideline also reaching larger population ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"8.4.2. Testing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In countries with an estimated HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more, an HIV test (opt-in), with counselling and informed consent, should be routinely offered as part of standard health checks for ex-combatants, but this must be linked to provisions for treatment and\/or other benefits. In opt-in testing, individuals in a defined group (in this case, DDR participants) are given counselling and are offered the option of having an HIV test. It must be explained that they have the right to decide whether or not they wish to undergo an HIV test, without any personal repercussions. Routinely offering a test respects human rights guidelines, while also reaching a larger population. In general, such an approach results in greater numbers of people finding out their HIV status.Routine opt-in testing is suggested on the basis that DDR participants are a distinct and potentially high-risk group. However, VCT services for participants and beneficiaries should also be provided alongside any offer of testing as part of medicals. Voluntary testing is a client initiated process, whereby an individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status.Advances in testing technology mean that rapid tests can provide a test result within approximately 30 minutes and do not require blood to be drawn or laboratory facilities. HIV-positive results need to be confirmed to rule out \u2018false positives\u2019. If local laboratory facilities do not exist, a combination of two further different rapid tests should be used to confirm an HIV-positive result. The mapping exercise will have identified national capacities (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Planners also need to consult national legislation regarding which HIV tests are ac- cepted, particularly with regard to rapid tests.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1150, "Sentence":"In general, such an approach results in greater numbers of people finding out their HIV status.Routine opt-in testing is suggested on the basis that DDR participants are a distinct and potentially high-risk group.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR general approach result greater number people finding hiv status.routine optin testing suggested basis ddr participant distinct potentially highrisk group ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"8.4.2. Testing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In countries with an estimated HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more, an HIV test (opt-in), with counselling and informed consent, should be routinely offered as part of standard health checks for ex-combatants, but this must be linked to provisions for treatment and\/or other benefits. In opt-in testing, individuals in a defined group (in this case, DDR participants) are given counselling and are offered the option of having an HIV test. It must be explained that they have the right to decide whether or not they wish to undergo an HIV test, without any personal repercussions. Routinely offering a test respects human rights guidelines, while also reaching a larger population. In general, such an approach results in greater numbers of people finding out their HIV status.Routine opt-in testing is suggested on the basis that DDR participants are a distinct and potentially high-risk group. However, VCT services for participants and beneficiaries should also be provided alongside any offer of testing as part of medicals. Voluntary testing is a client initiated process, whereby an individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status.Advances in testing technology mean that rapid tests can provide a test result within approximately 30 minutes and do not require blood to be drawn or laboratory facilities. HIV-positive results need to be confirmed to rule out \u2018false positives\u2019. If local laboratory facilities do not exist, a combination of two further different rapid tests should be used to confirm an HIV-positive result. The mapping exercise will have identified national capacities (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Planners also need to consult national legislation regarding which HIV tests are ac- cepted, particularly with regard to rapid tests.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1150, "Sentence":"However, VCT services for participants and beneficiaries should also be provided alongside any offer of testing as part of medicals.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR however vct service participant beneficiary also provided alongside offer testing part medical ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"8.4.2. Testing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In countries with an estimated HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more, an HIV test (opt-in), with counselling and informed consent, should be routinely offered as part of standard health checks for ex-combatants, but this must be linked to provisions for treatment and\/or other benefits. In opt-in testing, individuals in a defined group (in this case, DDR participants) are given counselling and are offered the option of having an HIV test. It must be explained that they have the right to decide whether or not they wish to undergo an HIV test, without any personal repercussions. Routinely offering a test respects human rights guidelines, while also reaching a larger population. In general, such an approach results in greater numbers of people finding out their HIV status.Routine opt-in testing is suggested on the basis that DDR participants are a distinct and potentially high-risk group. However, VCT services for participants and beneficiaries should also be provided alongside any offer of testing as part of medicals. Voluntary testing is a client initiated process, whereby an individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status.Advances in testing technology mean that rapid tests can provide a test result within approximately 30 minutes and do not require blood to be drawn or laboratory facilities. HIV-positive results need to be confirmed to rule out \u2018false positives\u2019. If local laboratory facilities do not exist, a combination of two further different rapid tests should be used to confirm an HIV-positive result. The mapping exercise will have identified national capacities (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Planners also need to consult national legislation regarding which HIV tests are ac- cepted, particularly with regard to rapid tests.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1150, "Sentence":"Voluntary testing is a client initiated process, whereby an individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status.Advances in testing technology mean that rapid tests can provide a test result within approximately 30 minutes and do not require blood to be drawn or laboratory facilities.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR voluntary testing client initiated process whereby individual chooses go testing facility\/provider find his\/her hiv status.advances testing technology mean rapid test provide test result within approximately 30 minute require blood drawn laboratory facility ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"8.4.2. Testing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In countries with an estimated HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more, an HIV test (opt-in), with counselling and informed consent, should be routinely offered as part of standard health checks for ex-combatants, but this must be linked to provisions for treatment and\/or other benefits. In opt-in testing, individuals in a defined group (in this case, DDR participants) are given counselling and are offered the option of having an HIV test. It must be explained that they have the right to decide whether or not they wish to undergo an HIV test, without any personal repercussions. Routinely offering a test respects human rights guidelines, while also reaching a larger population. In general, such an approach results in greater numbers of people finding out their HIV status.Routine opt-in testing is suggested on the basis that DDR participants are a distinct and potentially high-risk group. However, VCT services for participants and beneficiaries should also be provided alongside any offer of testing as part of medicals. Voluntary testing is a client initiated process, whereby an individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status.Advances in testing technology mean that rapid tests can provide a test result within approximately 30 minutes and do not require blood to be drawn or laboratory facilities. HIV-positive results need to be confirmed to rule out \u2018false positives\u2019. If local laboratory facilities do not exist, a combination of two further different rapid tests should be used to confirm an HIV-positive result. The mapping exercise will have identified national capacities (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Planners also need to consult national legislation regarding which HIV tests are ac- cepted, particularly with regard to rapid tests.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1150, "Sentence":"HIV-positive results need to be confirmed to rule out \u2018false positives\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR hivpositive result need confirmed rule \u2018 false positive \u2019 ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"8.4.2. Testing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In countries with an estimated HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more, an HIV test (opt-in), with counselling and informed consent, should be routinely offered as part of standard health checks for ex-combatants, but this must be linked to provisions for treatment and\/or other benefits. In opt-in testing, individuals in a defined group (in this case, DDR participants) are given counselling and are offered the option of having an HIV test. It must be explained that they have the right to decide whether or not they wish to undergo an HIV test, without any personal repercussions. Routinely offering a test respects human rights guidelines, while also reaching a larger population. In general, such an approach results in greater numbers of people finding out their HIV status.Routine opt-in testing is suggested on the basis that DDR participants are a distinct and potentially high-risk group. However, VCT services for participants and beneficiaries should also be provided alongside any offer of testing as part of medicals. Voluntary testing is a client initiated process, whereby an individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status.Advances in testing technology mean that rapid tests can provide a test result within approximately 30 minutes and do not require blood to be drawn or laboratory facilities. HIV-positive results need to be confirmed to rule out \u2018false positives\u2019. If local laboratory facilities do not exist, a combination of two further different rapid tests should be used to confirm an HIV-positive result. The mapping exercise will have identified national capacities (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Planners also need to consult national legislation regarding which HIV tests are ac- cepted, particularly with regard to rapid tests.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1150, "Sentence":"If local laboratory facilities do not exist, a combination of two further different rapid tests should be used to confirm an HIV-positive result.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR local laboratory facility exist combination two different rapid test used confirm hivpositive result ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"8.4.2. Testing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In countries with an estimated HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more, an HIV test (opt-in), with counselling and informed consent, should be routinely offered as part of standard health checks for ex-combatants, but this must be linked to provisions for treatment and\/or other benefits. In opt-in testing, individuals in a defined group (in this case, DDR participants) are given counselling and are offered the option of having an HIV test. It must be explained that they have the right to decide whether or not they wish to undergo an HIV test, without any personal repercussions. Routinely offering a test respects human rights guidelines, while also reaching a larger population. In general, such an approach results in greater numbers of people finding out their HIV status.Routine opt-in testing is suggested on the basis that DDR participants are a distinct and potentially high-risk group. However, VCT services for participants and beneficiaries should also be provided alongside any offer of testing as part of medicals. Voluntary testing is a client initiated process, whereby an individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status.Advances in testing technology mean that rapid tests can provide a test result within approximately 30 minutes and do not require blood to be drawn or laboratory facilities. HIV-positive results need to be confirmed to rule out \u2018false positives\u2019. If local laboratory facilities do not exist, a combination of two further different rapid tests should be used to confirm an HIV-positive result. The mapping exercise will have identified national capacities (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Planners also need to consult national legislation regarding which HIV tests are ac- cepted, particularly with regard to rapid tests.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1150, "Sentence":"The mapping exercise will have identified national capacities (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR mapping exercise identified national capacity also see iddrs 5.70 health ddr ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.4. HIV counselling and testing", "Heading3":"8.4.2. Testing", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"In countries with an estimated HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more, an HIV test (opt-in), with counselling and informed consent, should be routinely offered as part of standard health checks for ex-combatants, but this must be linked to provisions for treatment and\/or other benefits. In opt-in testing, individuals in a defined group (in this case, DDR participants) are given counselling and are offered the option of having an HIV test. It must be explained that they have the right to decide whether or not they wish to undergo an HIV test, without any personal repercussions. Routinely offering a test respects human rights guidelines, while also reaching a larger population. In general, such an approach results in greater numbers of people finding out their HIV status.Routine opt-in testing is suggested on the basis that DDR participants are a distinct and potentially high-risk group. However, VCT services for participants and beneficiaries should also be provided alongside any offer of testing as part of medicals. Voluntary testing is a client initiated process, whereby an individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status.Advances in testing technology mean that rapid tests can provide a test result within approximately 30 minutes and do not require blood to be drawn or laboratory facilities. HIV-positive results need to be confirmed to rule out \u2018false positives\u2019. If local laboratory facilities do not exist, a combination of two further different rapid tests should be used to confirm an HIV-positive result. The mapping exercise will have identified national capacities (also see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Planners also need to consult national legislation regarding which HIV tests are ac- cepted, particularly with regard to rapid tests.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1150, "Sentence":"Planners also need to consult national legislation regarding which HIV tests are ac- cepted, particularly with regard to rapid tests.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR planner also need consult national legislation regarding hiv test ac cepted particularly regard rapid test ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.5. Providing condoms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Male and female condoms should be available, and information regarding their correct use should be provided during the demobilization and in transitional packs. A range of contra- ception measures also need to be considered as part of basic reproductive health services to prevent unwanted pregnancies.Many countries may not be familiar with female condoms. Post-conflict settings, how- ever, have proved to be receptive environments for the introduction of female-controlled methods of HIV\/STI prevention and contraception. It is important that any introduction of female condoms in DDR programmes be strongly linked to national\/local initiatives. UNFPA and Population Services International can provide information on designing and running programmes to promote and supply female condoms. If female condoms are not available locally and there are no existing programmes, it may not be feasible or appropriate for DDR HIV\/AIDS programmes to introduce and promote the use of female condoms, as it requires training and specifically tailored information campaigns.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1151, "Sentence":"Male and female condoms should be available, and information regarding their correct use should be provided during the demobilization and in transitional packs.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR male female condom available information regarding correct use provided demobilization transitional pack ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.5. Providing condoms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Male and female condoms should be available, and information regarding their correct use should be provided during the demobilization and in transitional packs. A range of contra- ception measures also need to be considered as part of basic reproductive health services to prevent unwanted pregnancies.Many countries may not be familiar with female condoms. Post-conflict settings, how- ever, have proved to be receptive environments for the introduction of female-controlled methods of HIV\/STI prevention and contraception. It is important that any introduction of female condoms in DDR programmes be strongly linked to national\/local initiatives. UNFPA and Population Services International can provide information on designing and running programmes to promote and supply female condoms. If female condoms are not available locally and there are no existing programmes, it may not be feasible or appropriate for DDR HIV\/AIDS programmes to introduce and promote the use of female condoms, as it requires training and specifically tailored information campaigns.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1151, "Sentence":"A range of contra- ception measures also need to be considered as part of basic reproductive health services to prevent unwanted pregnancies.Many countries may not be familiar with female condoms.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR range contra ception measure also need considered part basic reproductive health service prevent unwanted pregnancies.many country may familiar female condom ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.5. Providing condoms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Male and female condoms should be available, and information regarding their correct use should be provided during the demobilization and in transitional packs. A range of contra- ception measures also need to be considered as part of basic reproductive health services to prevent unwanted pregnancies.Many countries may not be familiar with female condoms. Post-conflict settings, how- ever, have proved to be receptive environments for the introduction of female-controlled methods of HIV\/STI prevention and contraception. It is important that any introduction of female condoms in DDR programmes be strongly linked to national\/local initiatives. UNFPA and Population Services International can provide information on designing and running programmes to promote and supply female condoms. If female condoms are not available locally and there are no existing programmes, it may not be feasible or appropriate for DDR HIV\/AIDS programmes to introduce and promote the use of female condoms, as it requires training and specifically tailored information campaigns.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1151, "Sentence":"Post-conflict settings, how- ever, have proved to be receptive environments for the introduction of female-controlled methods of HIV\/STI prevention and contraception.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR postconflict setting ever proved receptive environment introduction femalecontrolled method hiv\/sti prevention contraception ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.5. Providing condoms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Male and female condoms should be available, and information regarding their correct use should be provided during the demobilization and in transitional packs. A range of contra- ception measures also need to be considered as part of basic reproductive health services to prevent unwanted pregnancies.Many countries may not be familiar with female condoms. Post-conflict settings, how- ever, have proved to be receptive environments for the introduction of female-controlled methods of HIV\/STI prevention and contraception. It is important that any introduction of female condoms in DDR programmes be strongly linked to national\/local initiatives. UNFPA and Population Services International can provide information on designing and running programmes to promote and supply female condoms. If female condoms are not available locally and there are no existing programmes, it may not be feasible or appropriate for DDR HIV\/AIDS programmes to introduce and promote the use of female condoms, as it requires training and specifically tailored information campaigns.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1151, "Sentence":"It is important that any introduction of female condoms in DDR programmes be strongly linked to national\/local initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR important introduction female condom ddr programme strongly linked national\/local initiative ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.5. Providing condoms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Male and female condoms should be available, and information regarding their correct use should be provided during the demobilization and in transitional packs. A range of contra- ception measures also need to be considered as part of basic reproductive health services to prevent unwanted pregnancies.Many countries may not be familiar with female condoms. Post-conflict settings, how- ever, have proved to be receptive environments for the introduction of female-controlled methods of HIV\/STI prevention and contraception. It is important that any introduction of female condoms in DDR programmes be strongly linked to national\/local initiatives. UNFPA and Population Services International can provide information on designing and running programmes to promote and supply female condoms. If female condoms are not available locally and there are no existing programmes, it may not be feasible or appropriate for DDR HIV\/AIDS programmes to introduce and promote the use of female condoms, as it requires training and specifically tailored information campaigns.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1151, "Sentence":"UNFPA and Population Services International can provide information on designing and running programmes to promote and supply female condoms.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR unfpa population service international provide information designing running programme promote supply female condom ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.5. Providing condoms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Male and female condoms should be available, and information regarding their correct use should be provided during the demobilization and in transitional packs. A range of contra- ception measures also need to be considered as part of basic reproductive health services to prevent unwanted pregnancies.Many countries may not be familiar with female condoms. Post-conflict settings, how- ever, have proved to be receptive environments for the introduction of female-controlled methods of HIV\/STI prevention and contraception. It is important that any introduction of female condoms in DDR programmes be strongly linked to national\/local initiatives. UNFPA and Population Services International can provide information on designing and running programmes to promote and supply female condoms. If female condoms are not available locally and there are no existing programmes, it may not be feasible or appropriate for DDR HIV\/AIDS programmes to introduce and promote the use of female condoms, as it requires training and specifically tailored information campaigns.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1151, "Sentence":"If female condoms are not available locally and there are no existing programmes, it may not be feasible or appropriate for DDR HIV\/AIDS programmes to introduce and promote the use of female condoms, as it requires training and specifically tailored information campaigns.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR female condom available locally existing programme may feasible appropriate ddr hiv\/aids programme introduce promote use female condom requires training specifically tailored information campaign ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.6. Provision of post-exposure prophylaxis kits", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits are a short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduces the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury, or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. The patient should be counselled extensively before starting treatment, and advised to follow up with regular check-ups and HIV testing. PEP kits shall be available for all DDR staff and for victims of rape who present within the 72-hour period required (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1152, "Sentence":"Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits are a short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduces the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury, or as a result of rape.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR postexposure prophylaxis pep kit shortterm antiretroviral treatment reduces likelihood hiv infection potential exposure infected body fluid needlestick injury result rape ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.6. Provision of post-exposure prophylaxis kits", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits are a short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduces the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury, or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. The patient should be counselled extensively before starting treatment, and advised to follow up with regular check-ups and HIV testing. PEP kits shall be available for all DDR staff and for victims of rape who present within the 72-hour period required (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1152, "Sentence":"The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR treatment administered qualified health care practitioner ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.6. Provision of post-exposure prophylaxis kits", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits are a short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduces the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury, or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. The patient should be counselled extensively before starting treatment, and advised to follow up with regular check-ups and HIV testing. PEP kits shall be available for all DDR staff and for victims of rape who present within the 72-hour period required (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1152, "Sentence":"It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR essentially consists taking high dos arvs 28 day ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.6. Provision of post-exposure prophylaxis kits", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits are a short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduces the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury, or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. The patient should be counselled extensively before starting treatment, and advised to follow up with regular check-ups and HIV testing. PEP kits shall be available for all DDR staff and for victims of rape who present within the 72-hour period required (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1152, "Sentence":"To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR effective treatment must start within 2 72 hour possible exposure earlier treatment started effective ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.6. Provision of post-exposure prophylaxis kits", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits are a short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduces the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury, or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. The patient should be counselled extensively before starting treatment, and advised to follow up with regular check-ups and HIV testing. PEP kits shall be available for all DDR staff and for victims of rape who present within the 72-hour period required (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1152, "Sentence":"The patient should be counselled extensively before starting treatment, and advised to follow up with regular check-ups and HIV testing.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR patient counselled extensively starting treatment advised follow regular checkup hiv testing ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. HIV initiatives before and during demobilization", "Heading2":"8.6. Provision of post-exposure prophylaxis kits", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits are a short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduces the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury, or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. The patient should be counselled extensively before starting treatment, and advised to follow up with regular check-ups and HIV testing. PEP kits shall be available for all DDR staff and for victims of rape who present within the 72-hour period required (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1152, "Sentence":"PEP kits shall be available for all DDR staff and for victims of rape who present within the 72-hour period required (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR pep kit shall available ddr staff victim rape present within 72hour period required also see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.1. Planning and preparation in receiving communities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization in order to support or create local capacity and an environment conducive to sustainable reintegra- tion. HIV\/AIDS activities are a vital part of, but not limited to, DDR initiatives. Whenever possible, planners should work with stakeholders and implementing partners to link these activities with the broader recovery and humanitarian assistance being provided at the community level and the Strategy of the national AIDS Control Programme. People living with HIV\/AIDS in the community should be consulted and involved in planning from the outset.The DDR programme should plan and budget for the following initiatives: \\n Community capacity-enhancement and public information programmes: These involve pro- viding training for local government, NGOs\/community-based organizations (CBOs) and faith-based organizations to support forums for communities to talk openly about HIV\/AIDS and related issues of stigma, discrimination, gender and power relations; the issue of men having sex with men; taboos and fears. This enables communities to better define their needs and address concerns about real or perceived HIV rates among returning ex-combatants. Public information campaigns should raise awareness among communities, but it is important that communication strategies do not inadvertently increase stigma and discrimination. HIV\/AIDS should be approached as an issue of concern for the entire community and not something that only affects those being demobilized; \\n Maintain counsellor and peer educator capacity: training and funding is needed to maintain VCT and peer education programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1153, "Sentence":"HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization in order to support or create local capacity and an environment conducive to sustainable reintegra- tion.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR hiv\/aids initiative need start receiving community demobilization order support create local capacity environment conducive sustainable reintegra tion ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.1. Planning and preparation in receiving communities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization in order to support or create local capacity and an environment conducive to sustainable reintegra- tion. HIV\/AIDS activities are a vital part of, but not limited to, DDR initiatives. Whenever possible, planners should work with stakeholders and implementing partners to link these activities with the broader recovery and humanitarian assistance being provided at the community level and the Strategy of the national AIDS Control Programme. People living with HIV\/AIDS in the community should be consulted and involved in planning from the outset.The DDR programme should plan and budget for the following initiatives: \\n Community capacity-enhancement and public information programmes: These involve pro- viding training for local government, NGOs\/community-based organizations (CBOs) and faith-based organizations to support forums for communities to talk openly about HIV\/AIDS and related issues of stigma, discrimination, gender and power relations; the issue of men having sex with men; taboos and fears. This enables communities to better define their needs and address concerns about real or perceived HIV rates among returning ex-combatants. Public information campaigns should raise awareness among communities, but it is important that communication strategies do not inadvertently increase stigma and discrimination. HIV\/AIDS should be approached as an issue of concern for the entire community and not something that only affects those being demobilized; \\n Maintain counsellor and peer educator capacity: training and funding is needed to maintain VCT and peer education programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1153, "Sentence":"HIV\/AIDS activities are a vital part of, but not limited to, DDR initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR hiv\/aids activity vital part limited ddr initiative ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.1. Planning and preparation in receiving communities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization in order to support or create local capacity and an environment conducive to sustainable reintegra- tion. HIV\/AIDS activities are a vital part of, but not limited to, DDR initiatives. Whenever possible, planners should work with stakeholders and implementing partners to link these activities with the broader recovery and humanitarian assistance being provided at the community level and the Strategy of the national AIDS Control Programme. People living with HIV\/AIDS in the community should be consulted and involved in planning from the outset.The DDR programme should plan and budget for the following initiatives: \\n Community capacity-enhancement and public information programmes: These involve pro- viding training for local government, NGOs\/community-based organizations (CBOs) and faith-based organizations to support forums for communities to talk openly about HIV\/AIDS and related issues of stigma, discrimination, gender and power relations; the issue of men having sex with men; taboos and fears. This enables communities to better define their needs and address concerns about real or perceived HIV rates among returning ex-combatants. Public information campaigns should raise awareness among communities, but it is important that communication strategies do not inadvertently increase stigma and discrimination. HIV\/AIDS should be approached as an issue of concern for the entire community and not something that only affects those being demobilized; \\n Maintain counsellor and peer educator capacity: training and funding is needed to maintain VCT and peer education programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1153, "Sentence":"Whenever possible, planners should work with stakeholders and implementing partners to link these activities with the broader recovery and humanitarian assistance being provided at the community level and the Strategy of the national AIDS Control Programme.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR whenever possible planner work stakeholder implementing partner link activity broader recovery humanitarian assistance provided community level strategy national aid control programme ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.1. Planning and preparation in receiving communities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization in order to support or create local capacity and an environment conducive to sustainable reintegra- tion. HIV\/AIDS activities are a vital part of, but not limited to, DDR initiatives. Whenever possible, planners should work with stakeholders and implementing partners to link these activities with the broader recovery and humanitarian assistance being provided at the community level and the Strategy of the national AIDS Control Programme. People living with HIV\/AIDS in the community should be consulted and involved in planning from the outset.The DDR programme should plan and budget for the following initiatives: \\n Community capacity-enhancement and public information programmes: These involve pro- viding training for local government, NGOs\/community-based organizations (CBOs) and faith-based organizations to support forums for communities to talk openly about HIV\/AIDS and related issues of stigma, discrimination, gender and power relations; the issue of men having sex with men; taboos and fears. This enables communities to better define their needs and address concerns about real or perceived HIV rates among returning ex-combatants. Public information campaigns should raise awareness among communities, but it is important that communication strategies do not inadvertently increase stigma and discrimination. HIV\/AIDS should be approached as an issue of concern for the entire community and not something that only affects those being demobilized; \\n Maintain counsellor and peer educator capacity: training and funding is needed to maintain VCT and peer education programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1153, "Sentence":"People living with HIV\/AIDS in the community should be consulted and involved in planning from the outset.The DDR programme should plan and budget for the following initiatives: \\n Community capacity-enhancement and public information programmes: These involve pro- viding training for local government, NGOs\/community-based organizations (CBOs) and faith-based organizations to support forums for communities to talk openly about HIV\/AIDS and related issues of stigma, discrimination, gender and power relations; the issue of men having sex with men; taboos and fears.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR people living hiv\/aids community consulted involved planning outset.the ddr programme plan budget following initiative n community capacityenhancement public information programme involve pro viding training local government ngos\/communitybased organization cbos faithbased organization support forum community talk openly hiv\/aids related issue stigma discrimination gender power relation issue men sex men taboo fear ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.1. Planning and preparation in receiving communities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization in order to support or create local capacity and an environment conducive to sustainable reintegra- tion. HIV\/AIDS activities are a vital part of, but not limited to, DDR initiatives. Whenever possible, planners should work with stakeholders and implementing partners to link these activities with the broader recovery and humanitarian assistance being provided at the community level and the Strategy of the national AIDS Control Programme. People living with HIV\/AIDS in the community should be consulted and involved in planning from the outset.The DDR programme should plan and budget for the following initiatives: \\n Community capacity-enhancement and public information programmes: These involve pro- viding training for local government, NGOs\/community-based organizations (CBOs) and faith-based organizations to support forums for communities to talk openly about HIV\/AIDS and related issues of stigma, discrimination, gender and power relations; the issue of men having sex with men; taboos and fears. This enables communities to better define their needs and address concerns about real or perceived HIV rates among returning ex-combatants. Public information campaigns should raise awareness among communities, but it is important that communication strategies do not inadvertently increase stigma and discrimination. HIV\/AIDS should be approached as an issue of concern for the entire community and not something that only affects those being demobilized; \\n Maintain counsellor and peer educator capacity: training and funding is needed to maintain VCT and peer education programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1153, "Sentence":"This enables communities to better define their needs and address concerns about real or perceived HIV rates among returning ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR enables community better define need address concern real perceived hiv rate among returning excombatants ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.1. Planning and preparation in receiving communities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization in order to support or create local capacity and an environment conducive to sustainable reintegra- tion. HIV\/AIDS activities are a vital part of, but not limited to, DDR initiatives. Whenever possible, planners should work with stakeholders and implementing partners to link these activities with the broader recovery and humanitarian assistance being provided at the community level and the Strategy of the national AIDS Control Programme. People living with HIV\/AIDS in the community should be consulted and involved in planning from the outset.The DDR programme should plan and budget for the following initiatives: \\n Community capacity-enhancement and public information programmes: These involve pro- viding training for local government, NGOs\/community-based organizations (CBOs) and faith-based organizations to support forums for communities to talk openly about HIV\/AIDS and related issues of stigma, discrimination, gender and power relations; the issue of men having sex with men; taboos and fears. This enables communities to better define their needs and address concerns about real or perceived HIV rates among returning ex-combatants. Public information campaigns should raise awareness among communities, but it is important that communication strategies do not inadvertently increase stigma and discrimination. HIV\/AIDS should be approached as an issue of concern for the entire community and not something that only affects those being demobilized; \\n Maintain counsellor and peer educator capacity: training and funding is needed to maintain VCT and peer education programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1153, "Sentence":"Public information campaigns should raise awareness among communities, but it is important that communication strategies do not inadvertently increase stigma and discrimination.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR public information campaign raise awareness among community important communication strategy inadvertently increase stigma discrimination ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.1. Planning and preparation in receiving communities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"HIV\/AIDS initiatives need to start in receiving communities before demobilization in order to support or create local capacity and an environment conducive to sustainable reintegra- tion. HIV\/AIDS activities are a vital part of, but not limited to, DDR initiatives. Whenever possible, planners should work with stakeholders and implementing partners to link these activities with the broader recovery and humanitarian assistance being provided at the community level and the Strategy of the national AIDS Control Programme. People living with HIV\/AIDS in the community should be consulted and involved in planning from the outset.The DDR programme should plan and budget for the following initiatives: \\n Community capacity-enhancement and public information programmes: These involve pro- viding training for local government, NGOs\/community-based organizations (CBOs) and faith-based organizations to support forums for communities to talk openly about HIV\/AIDS and related issues of stigma, discrimination, gender and power relations; the issue of men having sex with men; taboos and fears. This enables communities to better define their needs and address concerns about real or perceived HIV rates among returning ex-combatants. Public information campaigns should raise awareness among communities, but it is important that communication strategies do not inadvertently increase stigma and discrimination. HIV\/AIDS should be approached as an issue of concern for the entire community and not something that only affects those being demobilized; \\n Maintain counsellor and peer educator capacity: training and funding is needed to maintain VCT and peer education programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1153, "Sentence":"HIV\/AIDS should be approached as an issue of concern for the entire community and not something that only affects those being demobilized; \\n Maintain counsellor and peer educator capacity: training and funding is needed to maintain VCT and peer education programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR hiv\/aids approached issue concern entire community something affect demobilized n maintain counsellor peer educator capacity training funding needed maintain vct peer education programme ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.2. Peer education programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Peer education training (including behaviour-change communication strategies) should be initiated during the reinsertion and reintegration phases or, if started during cantonment, continued during the subsequent phases. Based on the feedback from the programmes to improve community capacity, training sessions should be extended to include both DDR participants and communities, in particular local NGOs.During peer education programmes, it may be possible to identify among DDR parti- cipants those who have the necessary skills and personal profile to provide ongoing HIV\/ AIDS programmes in the communities and become \u2018change agents\u2019. Planning and funding for vocational training should consider including such HIV\/AIDS educators in broader initiatives within national HIV\/AIDS strategies and the public health sector. It cannot be assumed, however, that all those trained will be sufficiently equipped to become peer edu- cators. Trainees should be individually evaluated and supported with refresher courses in order to maintain levels of knowledge and tackle any problems that may arise.During the selection of participants for peer education training, it is important to con- sider the different profiles of DDR participants and the different phases of the programme. For example, women associated with fighting forces would probably be demobilized before combatants and peer education programmes need to target them and NGOs working with women specifically. In addition, before using DDR participants as community HIV\/AIDS workers, it is essential to identify whether they may be feared within the community because of the nature of the conflict in which they participated. If ex-combatants are highly respected in their communities this can strengthen reintegration and acceptance of HIV- sensitization activities. Conversely, if involving them in HIV\/AIDS training could increase stigma, and therefore undermine reintegration efforts, they should not be involved in peer education at the community level. Focus group discussions and local capacity-enhancement programmes that are started before reintegration begins should include an assessment of the community\u2019s receptiveness. An understanding of the community\u2019s views on the subject will help in the selection of people to train as peer educators.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1154, "Sentence":"Peer education training (including behaviour-change communication strategies) should be initiated during the reinsertion and reintegration phases or, if started during cantonment, continued during the subsequent phases.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR peer education training including behaviourchange communication strategy initiated reinsertion reintegration phase started cantonment continued subsequent phase ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.2. Peer education programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Peer education training (including behaviour-change communication strategies) should be initiated during the reinsertion and reintegration phases or, if started during cantonment, continued during the subsequent phases. Based on the feedback from the programmes to improve community capacity, training sessions should be extended to include both DDR participants and communities, in particular local NGOs.During peer education programmes, it may be possible to identify among DDR parti- cipants those who have the necessary skills and personal profile to provide ongoing HIV\/ AIDS programmes in the communities and become \u2018change agents\u2019. Planning and funding for vocational training should consider including such HIV\/AIDS educators in broader initiatives within national HIV\/AIDS strategies and the public health sector. It cannot be assumed, however, that all those trained will be sufficiently equipped to become peer edu- cators. Trainees should be individually evaluated and supported with refresher courses in order to maintain levels of knowledge and tackle any problems that may arise.During the selection of participants for peer education training, it is important to con- sider the different profiles of DDR participants and the different phases of the programme. For example, women associated with fighting forces would probably be demobilized before combatants and peer education programmes need to target them and NGOs working with women specifically. In addition, before using DDR participants as community HIV\/AIDS workers, it is essential to identify whether they may be feared within the community because of the nature of the conflict in which they participated. If ex-combatants are highly respected in their communities this can strengthen reintegration and acceptance of HIV- sensitization activities. Conversely, if involving them in HIV\/AIDS training could increase stigma, and therefore undermine reintegration efforts, they should not be involved in peer education at the community level. Focus group discussions and local capacity-enhancement programmes that are started before reintegration begins should include an assessment of the community\u2019s receptiveness. An understanding of the community\u2019s views on the subject will help in the selection of people to train as peer educators.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1154, "Sentence":"Based on the feedback from the programmes to improve community capacity, training sessions should be extended to include both DDR participants and communities, in particular local NGOs.During peer education programmes, it may be possible to identify among DDR parti- cipants those who have the necessary skills and personal profile to provide ongoing HIV\/ AIDS programmes in the communities and become \u2018change agents\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR based feedback programme improve community capacity training session extended include ddr participant community particular local ngos.during peer education programme may possible identify among ddr parti cipants necessary skill personal profile provide ongoing hiv\/ aid programme community become \u2018 change agent \u2019 ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.2. Peer education programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Peer education training (including behaviour-change communication strategies) should be initiated during the reinsertion and reintegration phases or, if started during cantonment, continued during the subsequent phases. Based on the feedback from the programmes to improve community capacity, training sessions should be extended to include both DDR participants and communities, in particular local NGOs.During peer education programmes, it may be possible to identify among DDR parti- cipants those who have the necessary skills and personal profile to provide ongoing HIV\/ AIDS programmes in the communities and become \u2018change agents\u2019. Planning and funding for vocational training should consider including such HIV\/AIDS educators in broader initiatives within national HIV\/AIDS strategies and the public health sector. It cannot be assumed, however, that all those trained will be sufficiently equipped to become peer edu- cators. Trainees should be individually evaluated and supported with refresher courses in order to maintain levels of knowledge and tackle any problems that may arise.During the selection of participants for peer education training, it is important to con- sider the different profiles of DDR participants and the different phases of the programme. For example, women associated with fighting forces would probably be demobilized before combatants and peer education programmes need to target them and NGOs working with women specifically. In addition, before using DDR participants as community HIV\/AIDS workers, it is essential to identify whether they may be feared within the community because of the nature of the conflict in which they participated. If ex-combatants are highly respected in their communities this can strengthen reintegration and acceptance of HIV- sensitization activities. Conversely, if involving them in HIV\/AIDS training could increase stigma, and therefore undermine reintegration efforts, they should not be involved in peer education at the community level. Focus group discussions and local capacity-enhancement programmes that are started before reintegration begins should include an assessment of the community\u2019s receptiveness. An understanding of the community\u2019s views on the subject will help in the selection of people to train as peer educators.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1154, "Sentence":"Planning and funding for vocational training should consider including such HIV\/AIDS educators in broader initiatives within national HIV\/AIDS strategies and the public health sector.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR planning funding vocational training consider including hiv\/aids educator broader initiative within national hiv\/aids strategy public health sector ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.2. Peer education programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Peer education training (including behaviour-change communication strategies) should be initiated during the reinsertion and reintegration phases or, if started during cantonment, continued during the subsequent phases. Based on the feedback from the programmes to improve community capacity, training sessions should be extended to include both DDR participants and communities, in particular local NGOs.During peer education programmes, it may be possible to identify among DDR parti- cipants those who have the necessary skills and personal profile to provide ongoing HIV\/ AIDS programmes in the communities and become \u2018change agents\u2019. Planning and funding for vocational training should consider including such HIV\/AIDS educators in broader initiatives within national HIV\/AIDS strategies and the public health sector. It cannot be assumed, however, that all those trained will be sufficiently equipped to become peer edu- cators. Trainees should be individually evaluated and supported with refresher courses in order to maintain levels of knowledge and tackle any problems that may arise.During the selection of participants for peer education training, it is important to con- sider the different profiles of DDR participants and the different phases of the programme. For example, women associated with fighting forces would probably be demobilized before combatants and peer education programmes need to target them and NGOs working with women specifically. In addition, before using DDR participants as community HIV\/AIDS workers, it is essential to identify whether they may be feared within the community because of the nature of the conflict in which they participated. If ex-combatants are highly respected in their communities this can strengthen reintegration and acceptance of HIV- sensitization activities. Conversely, if involving them in HIV\/AIDS training could increase stigma, and therefore undermine reintegration efforts, they should not be involved in peer education at the community level. Focus group discussions and local capacity-enhancement programmes that are started before reintegration begins should include an assessment of the community\u2019s receptiveness. An understanding of the community\u2019s views on the subject will help in the selection of people to train as peer educators.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1154, "Sentence":"It cannot be assumed, however, that all those trained will be sufficiently equipped to become peer edu- cators.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR assumed however trained sufficiently equipped become peer edu cators ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.2. Peer education programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Peer education training (including behaviour-change communication strategies) should be initiated during the reinsertion and reintegration phases or, if started during cantonment, continued during the subsequent phases. Based on the feedback from the programmes to improve community capacity, training sessions should be extended to include both DDR participants and communities, in particular local NGOs.During peer education programmes, it may be possible to identify among DDR parti- cipants those who have the necessary skills and personal profile to provide ongoing HIV\/ AIDS programmes in the communities and become \u2018change agents\u2019. Planning and funding for vocational training should consider including such HIV\/AIDS educators in broader initiatives within national HIV\/AIDS strategies and the public health sector. It cannot be assumed, however, that all those trained will be sufficiently equipped to become peer edu- cators. Trainees should be individually evaluated and supported with refresher courses in order to maintain levels of knowledge and tackle any problems that may arise.During the selection of participants for peer education training, it is important to con- sider the different profiles of DDR participants and the different phases of the programme. For example, women associated with fighting forces would probably be demobilized before combatants and peer education programmes need to target them and NGOs working with women specifically. In addition, before using DDR participants as community HIV\/AIDS workers, it is essential to identify whether they may be feared within the community because of the nature of the conflict in which they participated. If ex-combatants are highly respected in their communities this can strengthen reintegration and acceptance of HIV- sensitization activities. Conversely, if involving them in HIV\/AIDS training could increase stigma, and therefore undermine reintegration efforts, they should not be involved in peer education at the community level. Focus group discussions and local capacity-enhancement programmes that are started before reintegration begins should include an assessment of the community\u2019s receptiveness. An understanding of the community\u2019s views on the subject will help in the selection of people to train as peer educators.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1154, "Sentence":"Trainees should be individually evaluated and supported with refresher courses in order to maintain levels of knowledge and tackle any problems that may arise.During the selection of participants for peer education training, it is important to con- sider the different profiles of DDR participants and the different phases of the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR trainee individually evaluated supported refresher course order maintain level knowledge tackle problem may arise.during selection participant peer education training important con sider different profile ddr participant different phase programme ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.2. Peer education programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Peer education training (including behaviour-change communication strategies) should be initiated during the reinsertion and reintegration phases or, if started during cantonment, continued during the subsequent phases. Based on the feedback from the programmes to improve community capacity, training sessions should be extended to include both DDR participants and communities, in particular local NGOs.During peer education programmes, it may be possible to identify among DDR parti- cipants those who have the necessary skills and personal profile to provide ongoing HIV\/ AIDS programmes in the communities and become \u2018change agents\u2019. Planning and funding for vocational training should consider including such HIV\/AIDS educators in broader initiatives within national HIV\/AIDS strategies and the public health sector. It cannot be assumed, however, that all those trained will be sufficiently equipped to become peer edu- cators. Trainees should be individually evaluated and supported with refresher courses in order to maintain levels of knowledge and tackle any problems that may arise.During the selection of participants for peer education training, it is important to con- sider the different profiles of DDR participants and the different phases of the programme. For example, women associated with fighting forces would probably be demobilized before combatants and peer education programmes need to target them and NGOs working with women specifically. In addition, before using DDR participants as community HIV\/AIDS workers, it is essential to identify whether they may be feared within the community because of the nature of the conflict in which they participated. If ex-combatants are highly respected in their communities this can strengthen reintegration and acceptance of HIV- sensitization activities. Conversely, if involving them in HIV\/AIDS training could increase stigma, and therefore undermine reintegration efforts, they should not be involved in peer education at the community level. Focus group discussions and local capacity-enhancement programmes that are started before reintegration begins should include an assessment of the community\u2019s receptiveness. An understanding of the community\u2019s views on the subject will help in the selection of people to train as peer educators.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1154, "Sentence":"For example, women associated with fighting forces would probably be demobilized before combatants and peer education programmes need to target them and NGOs working with women specifically.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR example woman associated fighting force would probably demobilized combatant peer education programme need target ngo working woman specifically ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.2. Peer education programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Peer education training (including behaviour-change communication strategies) should be initiated during the reinsertion and reintegration phases or, if started during cantonment, continued during the subsequent phases. Based on the feedback from the programmes to improve community capacity, training sessions should be extended to include both DDR participants and communities, in particular local NGOs.During peer education programmes, it may be possible to identify among DDR parti- cipants those who have the necessary skills and personal profile to provide ongoing HIV\/ AIDS programmes in the communities and become \u2018change agents\u2019. Planning and funding for vocational training should consider including such HIV\/AIDS educators in broader initiatives within national HIV\/AIDS strategies and the public health sector. It cannot be assumed, however, that all those trained will be sufficiently equipped to become peer edu- cators. Trainees should be individually evaluated and supported with refresher courses in order to maintain levels of knowledge and tackle any problems that may arise.During the selection of participants for peer education training, it is important to con- sider the different profiles of DDR participants and the different phases of the programme. For example, women associated with fighting forces would probably be demobilized before combatants and peer education programmes need to target them and NGOs working with women specifically. In addition, before using DDR participants as community HIV\/AIDS workers, it is essential to identify whether they may be feared within the community because of the nature of the conflict in which they participated. If ex-combatants are highly respected in their communities this can strengthen reintegration and acceptance of HIV- sensitization activities. Conversely, if involving them in HIV\/AIDS training could increase stigma, and therefore undermine reintegration efforts, they should not be involved in peer education at the community level. Focus group discussions and local capacity-enhancement programmes that are started before reintegration begins should include an assessment of the community\u2019s receptiveness. An understanding of the community\u2019s views on the subject will help in the selection of people to train as peer educators.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1154, "Sentence":"In addition, before using DDR participants as community HIV\/AIDS workers, it is essential to identify whether they may be feared within the community because of the nature of the conflict in which they participated.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR addition using ddr participant community hiv\/aids worker essential identify whether may feared within community nature conflict participated ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.2. Peer education programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Peer education training (including behaviour-change communication strategies) should be initiated during the reinsertion and reintegration phases or, if started during cantonment, continued during the subsequent phases. Based on the feedback from the programmes to improve community capacity, training sessions should be extended to include both DDR participants and communities, in particular local NGOs.During peer education programmes, it may be possible to identify among DDR parti- cipants those who have the necessary skills and personal profile to provide ongoing HIV\/ AIDS programmes in the communities and become \u2018change agents\u2019. Planning and funding for vocational training should consider including such HIV\/AIDS educators in broader initiatives within national HIV\/AIDS strategies and the public health sector. It cannot be assumed, however, that all those trained will be sufficiently equipped to become peer edu- cators. Trainees should be individually evaluated and supported with refresher courses in order to maintain levels of knowledge and tackle any problems that may arise.During the selection of participants for peer education training, it is important to con- sider the different profiles of DDR participants and the different phases of the programme. For example, women associated with fighting forces would probably be demobilized before combatants and peer education programmes need to target them and NGOs working with women specifically. In addition, before using DDR participants as community HIV\/AIDS workers, it is essential to identify whether they may be feared within the community because of the nature of the conflict in which they participated. If ex-combatants are highly respected in their communities this can strengthen reintegration and acceptance of HIV- sensitization activities. Conversely, if involving them in HIV\/AIDS training could increase stigma, and therefore undermine reintegration efforts, they should not be involved in peer education at the community level. Focus group discussions and local capacity-enhancement programmes that are started before reintegration begins should include an assessment of the community\u2019s receptiveness. An understanding of the community\u2019s views on the subject will help in the selection of people to train as peer educators.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1154, "Sentence":"If ex-combatants are highly respected in their communities this can strengthen reintegration and acceptance of HIV- sensitization activities.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR excombatants highly respected community strengthen reintegration acceptance hiv sensitization activity ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.2. Peer education programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Peer education training (including behaviour-change communication strategies) should be initiated during the reinsertion and reintegration phases or, if started during cantonment, continued during the subsequent phases. Based on the feedback from the programmes to improve community capacity, training sessions should be extended to include both DDR participants and communities, in particular local NGOs.During peer education programmes, it may be possible to identify among DDR parti- cipants those who have the necessary skills and personal profile to provide ongoing HIV\/ AIDS programmes in the communities and become \u2018change agents\u2019. Planning and funding for vocational training should consider including such HIV\/AIDS educators in broader initiatives within national HIV\/AIDS strategies and the public health sector. It cannot be assumed, however, that all those trained will be sufficiently equipped to become peer edu- cators. Trainees should be individually evaluated and supported with refresher courses in order to maintain levels of knowledge and tackle any problems that may arise.During the selection of participants for peer education training, it is important to con- sider the different profiles of DDR participants and the different phases of the programme. For example, women associated with fighting forces would probably be demobilized before combatants and peer education programmes need to target them and NGOs working with women specifically. In addition, before using DDR participants as community HIV\/AIDS workers, it is essential to identify whether they may be feared within the community because of the nature of the conflict in which they participated. If ex-combatants are highly respected in their communities this can strengthen reintegration and acceptance of HIV- sensitization activities. Conversely, if involving them in HIV\/AIDS training could increase stigma, and therefore undermine reintegration efforts, they should not be involved in peer education at the community level. Focus group discussions and local capacity-enhancement programmes that are started before reintegration begins should include an assessment of the community\u2019s receptiveness. An understanding of the community\u2019s views on the subject will help in the selection of people to train as peer educators.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1154, "Sentence":"Conversely, if involving them in HIV\/AIDS training could increase stigma, and therefore undermine reintegration efforts, they should not be involved in peer education at the community level.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR conversely involving hiv\/aids training could increase stigma therefore undermine reintegration effort involved peer education community level ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.2. Peer education programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Peer education training (including behaviour-change communication strategies) should be initiated during the reinsertion and reintegration phases or, if started during cantonment, continued during the subsequent phases. Based on the feedback from the programmes to improve community capacity, training sessions should be extended to include both DDR participants and communities, in particular local NGOs.During peer education programmes, it may be possible to identify among DDR parti- cipants those who have the necessary skills and personal profile to provide ongoing HIV\/ AIDS programmes in the communities and become \u2018change agents\u2019. Planning and funding for vocational training should consider including such HIV\/AIDS educators in broader initiatives within national HIV\/AIDS strategies and the public health sector. It cannot be assumed, however, that all those trained will be sufficiently equipped to become peer edu- cators. Trainees should be individually evaluated and supported with refresher courses in order to maintain levels of knowledge and tackle any problems that may arise.During the selection of participants for peer education training, it is important to con- sider the different profiles of DDR participants and the different phases of the programme. For example, women associated with fighting forces would probably be demobilized before combatants and peer education programmes need to target them and NGOs working with women specifically. In addition, before using DDR participants as community HIV\/AIDS workers, it is essential to identify whether they may be feared within the community because of the nature of the conflict in which they participated. If ex-combatants are highly respected in their communities this can strengthen reintegration and acceptance of HIV- sensitization activities. Conversely, if involving them in HIV\/AIDS training could increase stigma, and therefore undermine reintegration efforts, they should not be involved in peer education at the community level. Focus group discussions and local capacity-enhancement programmes that are started before reintegration begins should include an assessment of the community\u2019s receptiveness. An understanding of the community\u2019s views on the subject will help in the selection of people to train as peer educators.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1154, "Sentence":"Focus group discussions and local capacity-enhancement programmes that are started before reintegration begins should include an assessment of the community\u2019s receptiveness.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR focus group discussion local capacityenhancement programme started reintegration begin include assessment community \u2019 receptiveness ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.2. Peer education programme", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Peer education training (including behaviour-change communication strategies) should be initiated during the reinsertion and reintegration phases or, if started during cantonment, continued during the subsequent phases. Based on the feedback from the programmes to improve community capacity, training sessions should be extended to include both DDR participants and communities, in particular local NGOs.During peer education programmes, it may be possible to identify among DDR parti- cipants those who have the necessary skills and personal profile to provide ongoing HIV\/ AIDS programmes in the communities and become \u2018change agents\u2019. Planning and funding for vocational training should consider including such HIV\/AIDS educators in broader initiatives within national HIV\/AIDS strategies and the public health sector. It cannot be assumed, however, that all those trained will be sufficiently equipped to become peer edu- cators. Trainees should be individually evaluated and supported with refresher courses in order to maintain levels of knowledge and tackle any problems that may arise.During the selection of participants for peer education training, it is important to con- sider the different profiles of DDR participants and the different phases of the programme. For example, women associated with fighting forces would probably be demobilized before combatants and peer education programmes need to target them and NGOs working with women specifically. In addition, before using DDR participants as community HIV\/AIDS workers, it is essential to identify whether they may be feared within the community because of the nature of the conflict in which they participated. If ex-combatants are highly respected in their communities this can strengthen reintegration and acceptance of HIV- sensitization activities. Conversely, if involving them in HIV\/AIDS training could increase stigma, and therefore undermine reintegration efforts, they should not be involved in peer education at the community level. Focus group discussions and local capacity-enhancement programmes that are started before reintegration begins should include an assessment of the community\u2019s receptiveness. An understanding of the community\u2019s views on the subject will help in the selection of people to train as peer educators.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1154, "Sentence":"An understanding of the community\u2019s views on the subject will help in the selection of people to train as peer educators.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR understanding community \u2019 view subject help selection people train peer educator ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.3. Voluntary counselling and testing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) should be available during the reinsertion and reintegration phases in the communities to which ex-combatants are returning. This is distinct from any routine offer of testing as part of medical checks. VCT can be provided through a variety of mechanisms, including through free-standing sites, VCT services inte- grated with other health services, VCT services provided within already established non- health locations and facilities, and mobile\/outreach VCT services.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1155, "Sentence":"Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) should be available during the reinsertion and reintegration phases in the communities to which ex-combatants are returning.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR voluntary counselling testing vct available reinsertion reintegration phase community excombatants returning ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.3. Voluntary counselling and testing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) should be available during the reinsertion and reintegration phases in the communities to which ex-combatants are returning. This is distinct from any routine offer of testing as part of medical checks. VCT can be provided through a variety of mechanisms, including through free-standing sites, VCT services inte- grated with other health services, VCT services provided within already established non- health locations and facilities, and mobile\/outreach VCT services.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1155, "Sentence":"This is distinct from any routine offer of testing as part of medical checks.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR distinct routine offer testing part medical check ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.3. Voluntary counselling and testing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) should be available during the reinsertion and reintegration phases in the communities to which ex-combatants are returning. This is distinct from any routine offer of testing as part of medical checks. VCT can be provided through a variety of mechanisms, including through free-standing sites, VCT services inte- grated with other health services, VCT services provided within already established non- health locations and facilities, and mobile\/outreach VCT services.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1155, "Sentence":"VCT can be provided through a variety of mechanisms, including through free-standing sites, VCT services inte- grated with other health services, VCT services provided within already established non- health locations and facilities, and mobile\/outreach VCT services.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR vct provided variety mechanism including freestanding site vct service inte grated health service vct service provided within already established non health location facility mobile\/outreach vct service ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.4. Condoms and PEP kits", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Male and female condoms should continue to be provided during the reinsertion and re- integration phases to the DDR target groups. It is imperative, though, that such access to condoms is linked \u2014 and ultimately handed over to \u2014 local HIV initiatives as it would be unmanageable for the DDR programme to maintain the provision of condoms to former combatants, associated groups and their families. Similarly, DDR planners should link with local initiatives for providing PEP kits, especially in instances of rape. (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1156, "Sentence":"Male and female condoms should continue to be provided during the reinsertion and re- integration phases to the DDR target groups.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR male female condom continue provided reinsertion integration phase ddr target group ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.4. Condoms and PEP kits", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Male and female condoms should continue to be provided during the reinsertion and re- integration phases to the DDR target groups. It is imperative, though, that such access to condoms is linked \u2014 and ultimately handed over to \u2014 local HIV initiatives as it would be unmanageable for the DDR programme to maintain the provision of condoms to former combatants, associated groups and their families. Similarly, DDR planners should link with local initiatives for providing PEP kits, especially in instances of rape. (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1156, "Sentence":"It is imperative, though, that such access to condoms is linked \u2014 and ultimately handed over to \u2014 local HIV initiatives as it would be unmanageable for the DDR programme to maintain the provision of condoms to former combatants, associated groups and their families.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR imperative though access condom linked \u2014 ultimately handed \u2014 local hiv initiative would unmanageable ddr programme maintain provision condom former combatant associated group family ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.4. Condoms and PEP kits", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Male and female condoms should continue to be provided during the reinsertion and re- integration phases to the DDR target groups. It is imperative, though, that such access to condoms is linked \u2014 and ultimately handed over to \u2014 local HIV initiatives as it would be unmanageable for the DDR programme to maintain the provision of condoms to former combatants, associated groups and their families. Similarly, DDR planners should link with local initiatives for providing PEP kits, especially in instances of rape. (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1156, "Sentence":"Similarly, DDR planners should link with local initiatives for providing PEP kits, especially in instances of rape.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR similarly ddr planner link local initiative providing pep kit especially instance rape ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.4. Condoms and PEP kits", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Male and female condoms should continue to be provided during the reinsertion and re- integration phases to the DDR target groups. It is imperative, though, that such access to condoms is linked \u2014 and ultimately handed over to \u2014 local HIV initiatives as it would be unmanageable for the DDR programme to maintain the provision of condoms to former combatants, associated groups and their families. Similarly, DDR planners should link with local initiatives for providing PEP kits, especially in instances of rape. (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1156, "Sentence":"(also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR also see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.5. Vocational training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"One of the major factors increasing vulnerability to HIV in post-conflict settings is the increased levels of commercial\/survival sex in communities where unemployment rates are high. Poverty-reductioninitiatives, includingincome-generationandvocationaltrainingprogrammes, should be seen as vital parts of overall community reconstruction, and also contribute to reducing the social risk factors for HIV transmission.For HIV-negative DDR participants, the creation of livelihoods is, by extension, an important aspect of HIV prevention for them and their families. For those who may be HIV-positive, but otherwise healthy (i.e., have functioning immune systems and showing no symptoms), vocational counselling may need to consider health and risk issues, but shall not deny each individual\u2019s ability or right to be trained and have a livelihood. The long incubation period of the virus means that it can be many years before an HIV-positive individual develops AIDS, even if he\/she is not on treatment.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1157, "Sentence":"One of the major factors increasing vulnerability to HIV in post-conflict settings is the increased levels of commercial\/survival sex in communities where unemployment rates are high.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR one major factor increasing vulnerability hiv postconflict setting increased level commercial\/survival sex community unemployment rate high ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.5. Vocational training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"One of the major factors increasing vulnerability to HIV in post-conflict settings is the increased levels of commercial\/survival sex in communities where unemployment rates are high. Poverty-reductioninitiatives, includingincome-generationandvocationaltrainingprogrammes, should be seen as vital parts of overall community reconstruction, and also contribute to reducing the social risk factors for HIV transmission.For HIV-negative DDR participants, the creation of livelihoods is, by extension, an important aspect of HIV prevention for them and their families. For those who may be HIV-positive, but otherwise healthy (i.e., have functioning immune systems and showing no symptoms), vocational counselling may need to consider health and risk issues, but shall not deny each individual\u2019s ability or right to be trained and have a livelihood. The long incubation period of the virus means that it can be many years before an HIV-positive individual develops AIDS, even if he\/she is not on treatment.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1157, "Sentence":"Poverty-reductioninitiatives, includingincome-generationandvocationaltrainingprogrammes, should be seen as vital parts of overall community reconstruction, and also contribute to reducing the social risk factors for HIV transmission.For HIV-negative DDR participants, the creation of livelihoods is, by extension, an important aspect of HIV prevention for them and their families.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR povertyreductioninitiatives includingincomegenerationandvocationaltrainingprogrammes seen vital part overall community reconstruction also contribute reducing social risk factor hiv transmission.for hivnegative ddr participant creation livelihood extension important aspect hiv prevention family ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.5. Vocational training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"One of the major factors increasing vulnerability to HIV in post-conflict settings is the increased levels of commercial\/survival sex in communities where unemployment rates are high. Poverty-reductioninitiatives, includingincome-generationandvocationaltrainingprogrammes, should be seen as vital parts of overall community reconstruction, and also contribute to reducing the social risk factors for HIV transmission.For HIV-negative DDR participants, the creation of livelihoods is, by extension, an important aspect of HIV prevention for them and their families. For those who may be HIV-positive, but otherwise healthy (i.e., have functioning immune systems and showing no symptoms), vocational counselling may need to consider health and risk issues, but shall not deny each individual\u2019s ability or right to be trained and have a livelihood. The long incubation period of the virus means that it can be many years before an HIV-positive individual develops AIDS, even if he\/she is not on treatment.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1157, "Sentence":"For those who may be HIV-positive, but otherwise healthy (i.e., have functioning immune systems and showing no symptoms), vocational counselling may need to consider health and risk issues, but shall not deny each individual\u2019s ability or right to be trained and have a livelihood.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR may hivpositive otherwise healthy i.e . functioning immune system showing symptom vocational counselling may need consider health risk issue shall deny individual \u2019 ability right trained livelihood ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.5. Vocational training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"One of the major factors increasing vulnerability to HIV in post-conflict settings is the increased levels of commercial\/survival sex in communities where unemployment rates are high. Poverty-reductioninitiatives, includingincome-generationandvocationaltrainingprogrammes, should be seen as vital parts of overall community reconstruction, and also contribute to reducing the social risk factors for HIV transmission.For HIV-negative DDR participants, the creation of livelihoods is, by extension, an important aspect of HIV prevention for them and their families. For those who may be HIV-positive, but otherwise healthy (i.e., have functioning immune systems and showing no symptoms), vocational counselling may need to consider health and risk issues, but shall not deny each individual\u2019s ability or right to be trained and have a livelihood. The long incubation period of the virus means that it can be many years before an HIV-positive individual develops AIDS, even if he\/she is not on treatment.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1157, "Sentence":"The long incubation period of the virus means that it can be many years before an HIV-positive individual develops AIDS, even if he\/she is not on treatment.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR long incubation period virus mean many year hivpositive individual develops aid even he\/she treatment ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.6. Caring for people living with AIDS", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Caring for people living with AIDS, especially in resource poor settings, can present a number of challenges, particularly the provision of even basic drugs and treatments. It also raises concerns about the extent to which families (some of who may already be affected by the disease) and communities are able or willing to commit themselves to caring for ex-combat- ants who may have been away for some time. Overall, the burden of care tends to fall on women in communities who will already be facing an increased burden of care with the return of ex-combatants. This will make the overall support and absorption of ex-combat- ants into civilian life more complicated. In addition, any differences in the types or levels of AIDS care and support provided to ex-combatants and communities is a very sensitive issue. It is extremely important to provide a balance in services, so that communities do not think that ex-combatants are receiving preferential treatment. Wherever possible, support should be provided to existing medical and hospice facilities, linking up with national and local programmes, with targeted support and referrals for families caring for ex-combatants suffering from AIDS.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1158, "Sentence":"Caring for people living with AIDS, especially in resource poor settings, can present a number of challenges, particularly the provision of even basic drugs and treatments.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR caring people living aid especially resource poor setting present number challenge particularly provision even basic drug treatment ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.6. Caring for people living with AIDS", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Caring for people living with AIDS, especially in resource poor settings, can present a number of challenges, particularly the provision of even basic drugs and treatments. It also raises concerns about the extent to which families (some of who may already be affected by the disease) and communities are able or willing to commit themselves to caring for ex-combat- ants who may have been away for some time. Overall, the burden of care tends to fall on women in communities who will already be facing an increased burden of care with the return of ex-combatants. This will make the overall support and absorption of ex-combat- ants into civilian life more complicated. In addition, any differences in the types or levels of AIDS care and support provided to ex-combatants and communities is a very sensitive issue. It is extremely important to provide a balance in services, so that communities do not think that ex-combatants are receiving preferential treatment. Wherever possible, support should be provided to existing medical and hospice facilities, linking up with national and local programmes, with targeted support and referrals for families caring for ex-combatants suffering from AIDS.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1158, "Sentence":"It also raises concerns about the extent to which families (some of who may already be affected by the disease) and communities are able or willing to commit themselves to caring for ex-combat- ants who may have been away for some time.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR also raise concern extent family may already affected disease community able willing commit caring excombat ant may away time ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.6. Caring for people living with AIDS", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Caring for people living with AIDS, especially in resource poor settings, can present a number of challenges, particularly the provision of even basic drugs and treatments. It also raises concerns about the extent to which families (some of who may already be affected by the disease) and communities are able or willing to commit themselves to caring for ex-combat- ants who may have been away for some time. Overall, the burden of care tends to fall on women in communities who will already be facing an increased burden of care with the return of ex-combatants. This will make the overall support and absorption of ex-combat- ants into civilian life more complicated. In addition, any differences in the types or levels of AIDS care and support provided to ex-combatants and communities is a very sensitive issue. It is extremely important to provide a balance in services, so that communities do not think that ex-combatants are receiving preferential treatment. Wherever possible, support should be provided to existing medical and hospice facilities, linking up with national and local programmes, with targeted support and referrals for families caring for ex-combatants suffering from AIDS.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1158, "Sentence":"Overall, the burden of care tends to fall on women in communities who will already be facing an increased burden of care with the return of ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR overall burden care tends fall woman community already facing increased burden care return excombatants ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.6. Caring for people living with AIDS", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Caring for people living with AIDS, especially in resource poor settings, can present a number of challenges, particularly the provision of even basic drugs and treatments. It also raises concerns about the extent to which families (some of who may already be affected by the disease) and communities are able or willing to commit themselves to caring for ex-combat- ants who may have been away for some time. Overall, the burden of care tends to fall on women in communities who will already be facing an increased burden of care with the return of ex-combatants. This will make the overall support and absorption of ex-combat- ants into civilian life more complicated. In addition, any differences in the types or levels of AIDS care and support provided to ex-combatants and communities is a very sensitive issue. It is extremely important to provide a balance in services, so that communities do not think that ex-combatants are receiving preferential treatment. Wherever possible, support should be provided to existing medical and hospice facilities, linking up with national and local programmes, with targeted support and referrals for families caring for ex-combatants suffering from AIDS.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1158, "Sentence":"This will make the overall support and absorption of ex-combat- ants into civilian life more complicated.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR make overall support absorption excombat ant civilian life complicated ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.6. Caring for people living with AIDS", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Caring for people living with AIDS, especially in resource poor settings, can present a number of challenges, particularly the provision of even basic drugs and treatments. It also raises concerns about the extent to which families (some of who may already be affected by the disease) and communities are able or willing to commit themselves to caring for ex-combat- ants who may have been away for some time. Overall, the burden of care tends to fall on women in communities who will already be facing an increased burden of care with the return of ex-combatants. This will make the overall support and absorption of ex-combat- ants into civilian life more complicated. In addition, any differences in the types or levels of AIDS care and support provided to ex-combatants and communities is a very sensitive issue. It is extremely important to provide a balance in services, so that communities do not think that ex-combatants are receiving preferential treatment. Wherever possible, support should be provided to existing medical and hospice facilities, linking up with national and local programmes, with targeted support and referrals for families caring for ex-combatants suffering from AIDS.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1158, "Sentence":"In addition, any differences in the types or levels of AIDS care and support provided to ex-combatants and communities is a very sensitive issue.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR addition difference type level aid care support provided excombatants community sensitive issue ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.6. Caring for people living with AIDS", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Caring for people living with AIDS, especially in resource poor settings, can present a number of challenges, particularly the provision of even basic drugs and treatments. It also raises concerns about the extent to which families (some of who may already be affected by the disease) and communities are able or willing to commit themselves to caring for ex-combat- ants who may have been away for some time. Overall, the burden of care tends to fall on women in communities who will already be facing an increased burden of care with the return of ex-combatants. This will make the overall support and absorption of ex-combat- ants into civilian life more complicated. In addition, any differences in the types or levels of AIDS care and support provided to ex-combatants and communities is a very sensitive issue. It is extremely important to provide a balance in services, so that communities do not think that ex-combatants are receiving preferential treatment. Wherever possible, support should be provided to existing medical and hospice facilities, linking up with national and local programmes, with targeted support and referrals for families caring for ex-combatants suffering from AIDS.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1158, "Sentence":"It is extremely important to provide a balance in services, so that communities do not think that ex-combatants are receiving preferential treatment.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR extremely important provide balance service community think excombatants receiving preferential treatment ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. Reinsertion and reintegration phases", "Heading2":"9.6. Caring for people living with AIDS", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Caring for people living with AIDS, especially in resource poor settings, can present a number of challenges, particularly the provision of even basic drugs and treatments. It also raises concerns about the extent to which families (some of who may already be affected by the disease) and communities are able or willing to commit themselves to caring for ex-combat- ants who may have been away for some time. Overall, the burden of care tends to fall on women in communities who will already be facing an increased burden of care with the return of ex-combatants. This will make the overall support and absorption of ex-combat- ants into civilian life more complicated. In addition, any differences in the types or levels of AIDS care and support provided to ex-combatants and communities is a very sensitive issue. It is extremely important to provide a balance in services, so that communities do not think that ex-combatants are receiving preferential treatment. Wherever possible, support should be provided to existing medical and hospice facilities, linking up with national and local programmes, with targeted support and referrals for families caring for ex-combatants suffering from AIDS.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1158, "Sentence":"Wherever possible, support should be provided to existing medical and hospice facilities, linking up with national and local programmes, with targeted support and referrals for families caring for ex-combatants suffering from AIDS.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR wherever possible support provided existing medical hospice facility linking national local programme targeted support referral family caring excombatants suffering aid ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Identifying existing capacities", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"National AIDS control programmes, where they exist, must be the first point of reference for, and key actors in, designing and running HIV\/AIDS DDR programmes. UNAIDS country coordinators can give essential guidance and will have established networks with relevant NGOs\/CBOs. The UN theme group is the main mechanism to coordinate HIV\/ AIDS initiatives among UN agencies and other partners.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1159, "Sentence":"National AIDS control programmes, where they exist, must be the first point of reference for, and key actors in, designing and running HIV\/AIDS DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR national aid control programme exist must first point reference key actor designing running hiv\/aids ddr programme ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Identifying existing capacities", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"National AIDS control programmes, where they exist, must be the first point of reference for, and key actors in, designing and running HIV\/AIDS DDR programmes. UNAIDS country coordinators can give essential guidance and will have established networks with relevant NGOs\/CBOs. The UN theme group is the main mechanism to coordinate HIV\/ AIDS initiatives among UN agencies and other partners.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1159, "Sentence":"UNAIDS country coordinators can give essential guidance and will have established networks with relevant NGOs\/CBOs.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR unaids country coordinator give essential guidance established network relevant ngos\/cbos ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Identifying existing capacities", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"National AIDS control programmes, where they exist, must be the first point of reference for, and key actors in, designing and running HIV\/AIDS DDR programmes. UNAIDS country coordinators can give essential guidance and will have established networks with relevant NGOs\/CBOs. The UN theme group is the main mechanism to coordinate HIV\/ AIDS initiatives among UN agencies and other partners.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1159, "Sentence":"The UN theme group is the main mechanism to coordinate HIV\/ AIDS initiatives among UN agencies and other partners.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR un theme group main mechanism coordinate hiv\/ aid initiative among un agency partner ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Identifying existing capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. Implementing partners", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In many settings, key HIV\/AIDS implementing partners, such as the International Rescue Committee and Family Health International, may already be working in the country, but not necessarily in all the areas where demobilization and reinsertion\/reintegration will take place. To initiate programmes, DDR officers should consider providing seed money to kick-start projects, for example covering the initial costs of establishing a basic VCT centre and training counsellors in a particular area, on the understanding that the implementing partner would assume the costs of running the facility for an agreed period of time. This is because it is often easier for NGOs to raise donor funds to maintain a project that has been shown to work than to set one up. Such an approach has the additional benefit of extend- ing HIV facilities to local communities beyond the time-frame of DDR, and can provide a buffer for HIV-related services at the reinsertion stage for example if there are delays in the demobilization process such as time-lags between the demobilization of special groups and ex-combatants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1160, "Sentence":"In many settings, key HIV\/AIDS implementing partners, such as the International Rescue Committee and Family Health International, may already be working in the country, but not necessarily in all the areas where demobilization and reinsertion\/reintegration will take place.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR many setting key hiv\/aids implementing partner international rescue committee family health international may already working country necessarily area demobilization reinsertion\/reintegration take place ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Identifying existing capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. Implementing partners", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In many settings, key HIV\/AIDS implementing partners, such as the International Rescue Committee and Family Health International, may already be working in the country, but not necessarily in all the areas where demobilization and reinsertion\/reintegration will take place. To initiate programmes, DDR officers should consider providing seed money to kick-start projects, for example covering the initial costs of establishing a basic VCT centre and training counsellors in a particular area, on the understanding that the implementing partner would assume the costs of running the facility for an agreed period of time. This is because it is often easier for NGOs to raise donor funds to maintain a project that has been shown to work than to set one up. Such an approach has the additional benefit of extend- ing HIV facilities to local communities beyond the time-frame of DDR, and can provide a buffer for HIV-related services at the reinsertion stage for example if there are delays in the demobilization process such as time-lags between the demobilization of special groups and ex-combatants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1160, "Sentence":"To initiate programmes, DDR officers should consider providing seed money to kick-start projects, for example covering the initial costs of establishing a basic VCT centre and training counsellors in a particular area, on the understanding that the implementing partner would assume the costs of running the facility for an agreed period of time.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR initiate programme ddr officer consider providing seed money kickstart project example covering initial cost establishing basic vct centre training counsellor particular area understanding implementing partner would assume cost running facility agreed period time ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Identifying existing capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. Implementing partners", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In many settings, key HIV\/AIDS implementing partners, such as the International Rescue Committee and Family Health International, may already be working in the country, but not necessarily in all the areas where demobilization and reinsertion\/reintegration will take place. To initiate programmes, DDR officers should consider providing seed money to kick-start projects, for example covering the initial costs of establishing a basic VCT centre and training counsellors in a particular area, on the understanding that the implementing partner would assume the costs of running the facility for an agreed period of time. This is because it is often easier for NGOs to raise donor funds to maintain a project that has been shown to work than to set one up. Such an approach has the additional benefit of extend- ing HIV facilities to local communities beyond the time-frame of DDR, and can provide a buffer for HIV-related services at the reinsertion stage for example if there are delays in the demobilization process such as time-lags between the demobilization of special groups and ex-combatants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1160, "Sentence":"This is because it is often easier for NGOs to raise donor funds to maintain a project that has been shown to work than to set one up.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR often easier ngo raise donor fund maintain project shown work set one ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Identifying existing capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. Implementing partners", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In many settings, key HIV\/AIDS implementing partners, such as the International Rescue Committee and Family Health International, may already be working in the country, but not necessarily in all the areas where demobilization and reinsertion\/reintegration will take place. To initiate programmes, DDR officers should consider providing seed money to kick-start projects, for example covering the initial costs of establishing a basic VCT centre and training counsellors in a particular area, on the understanding that the implementing partner would assume the costs of running the facility for an agreed period of time. This is because it is often easier for NGOs to raise donor funds to maintain a project that has been shown to work than to set one up. Such an approach has the additional benefit of extend- ing HIV facilities to local communities beyond the time-frame of DDR, and can provide a buffer for HIV-related services at the reinsertion stage for example if there are delays in the demobilization process such as time-lags between the demobilization of special groups and ex-combatants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1160, "Sentence":"Such an approach has the additional benefit of extend- ing HIV facilities to local communities beyond the time-frame of DDR, and can provide a buffer for HIV-related services at the reinsertion stage for example if there are delays in the demobilization process such as time-lags between the demobilization of special groups and ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR approach additional benefit extend ing hiv facility local community beyond timeframe ddr provide buffer hivrelated service reinsertion stage example delay demobilization process timelags demobilization special group excombatants ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Identifying existing capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. HIV-related support for peacekeeping missions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"HIV\/AIDS advisers. Peacekeeping missions routinely have HIV\/AIDS advisers, assisted by UN volunteers and international\/national professionals, as a support function of the mis- sion to provide awareness and prevention programmes for peacekeeping personnel and to integrate HIV\/AIDS into mission mandated activities. HIV\/AIDS advisers can facilitate the initial training of peer educators, provide guidance on setting up VCT, and assist with the design of information, education and communication materials. They should be involved in the planning of DDR from the outset.Peacekeepers. Peacekeepers are increasingly being trained as HIV\/AIDS peer educators, and therefore might be used to help support training. This role would, however, be beyond their agreed duties as defined in troop contributing country memorandums of understanding (MoUs), and would require the agreement of their contingent commander and the force commander. In addition, abilities vary enormously: the mission HIV\/AIDS adviser should be consulted to identify those who could take part.Many battalion medical facilities offer basic treatment to host populations, often treating cases of STIs, as part of \u2018hearts and minds\u2019 initiatives. Battalion doctors may be able to assist in training local medical personnel in the syndromic management of STIs, or directly pro- vide treatment to communities. Again, any such assistance provided to host communities is not included in MoUs or self-sustainment agreements, and so would require the authori- zation of contingent commanders and the force commander, and the capability and expertise of any troop-contributing country doctor would have to be assessed in advance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1161, "Sentence":"HIV\/AIDS advisers.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR hiv\/aids adviser ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Identifying existing capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. HIV-related support for peacekeeping missions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"HIV\/AIDS advisers. Peacekeeping missions routinely have HIV\/AIDS advisers, assisted by UN volunteers and international\/national professionals, as a support function of the mis- sion to provide awareness and prevention programmes for peacekeeping personnel and to integrate HIV\/AIDS into mission mandated activities. HIV\/AIDS advisers can facilitate the initial training of peer educators, provide guidance on setting up VCT, and assist with the design of information, education and communication materials. They should be involved in the planning of DDR from the outset.Peacekeepers. Peacekeepers are increasingly being trained as HIV\/AIDS peer educators, and therefore might be used to help support training. This role would, however, be beyond their agreed duties as defined in troop contributing country memorandums of understanding (MoUs), and would require the agreement of their contingent commander and the force commander. In addition, abilities vary enormously: the mission HIV\/AIDS adviser should be consulted to identify those who could take part.Many battalion medical facilities offer basic treatment to host populations, often treating cases of STIs, as part of \u2018hearts and minds\u2019 initiatives. Battalion doctors may be able to assist in training local medical personnel in the syndromic management of STIs, or directly pro- vide treatment to communities. Again, any such assistance provided to host communities is not included in MoUs or self-sustainment agreements, and so would require the authori- zation of contingent commanders and the force commander, and the capability and expertise of any troop-contributing country doctor would have to be assessed in advance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1161, "Sentence":"Peacekeeping missions routinely have HIV\/AIDS advisers, assisted by UN volunteers and international\/national professionals, as a support function of the mis- sion to provide awareness and prevention programmes for peacekeeping personnel and to integrate HIV\/AIDS into mission mandated activities.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR peacekeeping mission routinely hiv\/aids adviser assisted un volunteer international\/national professional support function mi sion provide awareness prevention programme peacekeeping personnel integrate hiv\/aids mission mandated activity ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Identifying existing capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. HIV-related support for peacekeeping missions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"HIV\/AIDS advisers. Peacekeeping missions routinely have HIV\/AIDS advisers, assisted by UN volunteers and international\/national professionals, as a support function of the mis- sion to provide awareness and prevention programmes for peacekeeping personnel and to integrate HIV\/AIDS into mission mandated activities. HIV\/AIDS advisers can facilitate the initial training of peer educators, provide guidance on setting up VCT, and assist with the design of information, education and communication materials. They should be involved in the planning of DDR from the outset.Peacekeepers. Peacekeepers are increasingly being trained as HIV\/AIDS peer educators, and therefore might be used to help support training. This role would, however, be beyond their agreed duties as defined in troop contributing country memorandums of understanding (MoUs), and would require the agreement of their contingent commander and the force commander. In addition, abilities vary enormously: the mission HIV\/AIDS adviser should be consulted to identify those who could take part.Many battalion medical facilities offer basic treatment to host populations, often treating cases of STIs, as part of \u2018hearts and minds\u2019 initiatives. Battalion doctors may be able to assist in training local medical personnel in the syndromic management of STIs, or directly pro- vide treatment to communities. Again, any such assistance provided to host communities is not included in MoUs or self-sustainment agreements, and so would require the authori- zation of contingent commanders and the force commander, and the capability and expertise of any troop-contributing country doctor would have to be assessed in advance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1161, "Sentence":"HIV\/AIDS advisers can facilitate the initial training of peer educators, provide guidance on setting up VCT, and assist with the design of information, education and communication materials.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR hiv\/aids adviser facilitate initial training peer educator provide guidance setting vct assist design information education communication material ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Identifying existing capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. HIV-related support for peacekeeping missions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"HIV\/AIDS advisers. Peacekeeping missions routinely have HIV\/AIDS advisers, assisted by UN volunteers and international\/national professionals, as a support function of the mis- sion to provide awareness and prevention programmes for peacekeeping personnel and to integrate HIV\/AIDS into mission mandated activities. HIV\/AIDS advisers can facilitate the initial training of peer educators, provide guidance on setting up VCT, and assist with the design of information, education and communication materials. They should be involved in the planning of DDR from the outset.Peacekeepers. Peacekeepers are increasingly being trained as HIV\/AIDS peer educators, and therefore might be used to help support training. This role would, however, be beyond their agreed duties as defined in troop contributing country memorandums of understanding (MoUs), and would require the agreement of their contingent commander and the force commander. In addition, abilities vary enormously: the mission HIV\/AIDS adviser should be consulted to identify those who could take part.Many battalion medical facilities offer basic treatment to host populations, often treating cases of STIs, as part of \u2018hearts and minds\u2019 initiatives. Battalion doctors may be able to assist in training local medical personnel in the syndromic management of STIs, or directly pro- vide treatment to communities. Again, any such assistance provided to host communities is not included in MoUs or self-sustainment agreements, and so would require the authori- zation of contingent commanders and the force commander, and the capability and expertise of any troop-contributing country doctor would have to be assessed in advance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1161, "Sentence":"They should be involved in the planning of DDR from the outset.Peacekeepers.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR involved planning ddr outset.peacekeepers ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Identifying existing capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. HIV-related support for peacekeeping missions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"HIV\/AIDS advisers. Peacekeeping missions routinely have HIV\/AIDS advisers, assisted by UN volunteers and international\/national professionals, as a support function of the mis- sion to provide awareness and prevention programmes for peacekeeping personnel and to integrate HIV\/AIDS into mission mandated activities. HIV\/AIDS advisers can facilitate the initial training of peer educators, provide guidance on setting up VCT, and assist with the design of information, education and communication materials. They should be involved in the planning of DDR from the outset.Peacekeepers. Peacekeepers are increasingly being trained as HIV\/AIDS peer educators, and therefore might be used to help support training. This role would, however, be beyond their agreed duties as defined in troop contributing country memorandums of understanding (MoUs), and would require the agreement of their contingent commander and the force commander. In addition, abilities vary enormously: the mission HIV\/AIDS adviser should be consulted to identify those who could take part.Many battalion medical facilities offer basic treatment to host populations, often treating cases of STIs, as part of \u2018hearts and minds\u2019 initiatives. Battalion doctors may be able to assist in training local medical personnel in the syndromic management of STIs, or directly pro- vide treatment to communities. Again, any such assistance provided to host communities is not included in MoUs or self-sustainment agreements, and so would require the authori- zation of contingent commanders and the force commander, and the capability and expertise of any troop-contributing country doctor would have to be assessed in advance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1161, "Sentence":"Peacekeepers are increasingly being trained as HIV\/AIDS peer educators, and therefore might be used to help support training.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR peacekeeper increasingly trained hiv\/aids peer educator therefore might used help support training ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Identifying existing capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. HIV-related support for peacekeeping missions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"HIV\/AIDS advisers. Peacekeeping missions routinely have HIV\/AIDS advisers, assisted by UN volunteers and international\/national professionals, as a support function of the mis- sion to provide awareness and prevention programmes for peacekeeping personnel and to integrate HIV\/AIDS into mission mandated activities. HIV\/AIDS advisers can facilitate the initial training of peer educators, provide guidance on setting up VCT, and assist with the design of information, education and communication materials. They should be involved in the planning of DDR from the outset.Peacekeepers. Peacekeepers are increasingly being trained as HIV\/AIDS peer educators, and therefore might be used to help support training. This role would, however, be beyond their agreed duties as defined in troop contributing country memorandums of understanding (MoUs), and would require the agreement of their contingent commander and the force commander. In addition, abilities vary enormously: the mission HIV\/AIDS adviser should be consulted to identify those who could take part.Many battalion medical facilities offer basic treatment to host populations, often treating cases of STIs, as part of \u2018hearts and minds\u2019 initiatives. Battalion doctors may be able to assist in training local medical personnel in the syndromic management of STIs, or directly pro- vide treatment to communities. Again, any such assistance provided to host communities is not included in MoUs or self-sustainment agreements, and so would require the authori- zation of contingent commanders and the force commander, and the capability and expertise of any troop-contributing country doctor would have to be assessed in advance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1161, "Sentence":"This role would, however, be beyond their agreed duties as defined in troop contributing country memorandums of understanding (MoUs), and would require the agreement of their contingent commander and the force commander.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR role would however beyond agreed duty defined troop contributing country memorandum understanding mous would require agreement contingent commander force commander ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Identifying existing capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. HIV-related support for peacekeeping missions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"HIV\/AIDS advisers. Peacekeeping missions routinely have HIV\/AIDS advisers, assisted by UN volunteers and international\/national professionals, as a support function of the mis- sion to provide awareness and prevention programmes for peacekeeping personnel and to integrate HIV\/AIDS into mission mandated activities. HIV\/AIDS advisers can facilitate the initial training of peer educators, provide guidance on setting up VCT, and assist with the design of information, education and communication materials. They should be involved in the planning of DDR from the outset.Peacekeepers. Peacekeepers are increasingly being trained as HIV\/AIDS peer educators, and therefore might be used to help support training. This role would, however, be beyond their agreed duties as defined in troop contributing country memorandums of understanding (MoUs), and would require the agreement of their contingent commander and the force commander. In addition, abilities vary enormously: the mission HIV\/AIDS adviser should be consulted to identify those who could take part.Many battalion medical facilities offer basic treatment to host populations, often treating cases of STIs, as part of \u2018hearts and minds\u2019 initiatives. Battalion doctors may be able to assist in training local medical personnel in the syndromic management of STIs, or directly pro- vide treatment to communities. Again, any such assistance provided to host communities is not included in MoUs or self-sustainment agreements, and so would require the authori- zation of contingent commanders and the force commander, and the capability and expertise of any troop-contributing country doctor would have to be assessed in advance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1161, "Sentence":"In addition, abilities vary enormously: the mission HIV\/AIDS adviser should be consulted to identify those who could take part.Many battalion medical facilities offer basic treatment to host populations, often treating cases of STIs, as part of \u2018hearts and minds\u2019 initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR addition ability vary enormously mission hiv\/aids adviser consulted identify could take part.many battalion medical facility offer basic treatment host population often treating case stis part \u2018 heart mind \u2019 initiative ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Identifying existing capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. HIV-related support for peacekeeping missions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"HIV\/AIDS advisers. Peacekeeping missions routinely have HIV\/AIDS advisers, assisted by UN volunteers and international\/national professionals, as a support function of the mis- sion to provide awareness and prevention programmes for peacekeeping personnel and to integrate HIV\/AIDS into mission mandated activities. HIV\/AIDS advisers can facilitate the initial training of peer educators, provide guidance on setting up VCT, and assist with the design of information, education and communication materials. They should be involved in the planning of DDR from the outset.Peacekeepers. Peacekeepers are increasingly being trained as HIV\/AIDS peer educators, and therefore might be used to help support training. This role would, however, be beyond their agreed duties as defined in troop contributing country memorandums of understanding (MoUs), and would require the agreement of their contingent commander and the force commander. In addition, abilities vary enormously: the mission HIV\/AIDS adviser should be consulted to identify those who could take part.Many battalion medical facilities offer basic treatment to host populations, often treating cases of STIs, as part of \u2018hearts and minds\u2019 initiatives. Battalion doctors may be able to assist in training local medical personnel in the syndromic management of STIs, or directly pro- vide treatment to communities. Again, any such assistance provided to host communities is not included in MoUs or self-sustainment agreements, and so would require the authori- zation of contingent commanders and the force commander, and the capability and expertise of any troop-contributing country doctor would have to be assessed in advance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1161, "Sentence":"Battalion doctors may be able to assist in training local medical personnel in the syndromic management of STIs, or directly pro- vide treatment to communities.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR battalion doctor may able assist training local medical personnel syndromic management stis directly pro vide treatment community ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Identifying existing capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. HIV-related support for peacekeeping missions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"HIV\/AIDS advisers. Peacekeeping missions routinely have HIV\/AIDS advisers, assisted by UN volunteers and international\/national professionals, as a support function of the mis- sion to provide awareness and prevention programmes for peacekeeping personnel and to integrate HIV\/AIDS into mission mandated activities. HIV\/AIDS advisers can facilitate the initial training of peer educators, provide guidance on setting up VCT, and assist with the design of information, education and communication materials. They should be involved in the planning of DDR from the outset.Peacekeepers. Peacekeepers are increasingly being trained as HIV\/AIDS peer educators, and therefore might be used to help support training. This role would, however, be beyond their agreed duties as defined in troop contributing country memorandums of understanding (MoUs), and would require the agreement of their contingent commander and the force commander. In addition, abilities vary enormously: the mission HIV\/AIDS adviser should be consulted to identify those who could take part.Many battalion medical facilities offer basic treatment to host populations, often treating cases of STIs, as part of \u2018hearts and minds\u2019 initiatives. Battalion doctors may be able to assist in training local medical personnel in the syndromic management of STIs, or directly pro- vide treatment to communities. Again, any such assistance provided to host communities is not included in MoUs or self-sustainment agreements, and so would require the authori- zation of contingent commanders and the force commander, and the capability and expertise of any troop-contributing country doctor would have to be assessed in advance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1161, "Sentence":"Again, any such assistance provided to host communities is not included in MoUs or self-sustainment agreements, and so would require the authori- zation of contingent commanders and the force commander, and the capability and expertise of any troop-contributing country doctor would have to be assessed in advance.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR assistance provided host community included mous selfsustainment agreement would require authori zation contingent commander force commander capability expertise troopcontributing country doctor would assessed advance ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR term definition nn aid acquired immune deficiency syndrome stage hiv immune system depleted leaving body vulnerable one lifethreatening disease ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn antiretrovirals arvs broad term main type treatment hiv aid ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"ARVs are not a cure.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR arvs cure ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn behaviourchange communication bcc participatory communitylevel process aimed developing positive behaviour promoting sustaining individual community societal behaviour change maintaining appropriate behaviour ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn false negative\/positive hiv test result wrong either giving negative result person hivpositive positive result person hivnegative ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn hiv human immunodeficiency virus virus cause aid ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn hiv confirmation test according who\/unaids recommendation positive hiv test result whether elisa enzymelinked immunabsorbent assay simple\/rapid test confirmed using second different test confirm accuracy two dif ferent rapid test laboratory facility available ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn hiv counselling counselling generally offered hiv test order help individual understand risk behaviour cope hivpositive result stay hivnegative ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR counselling service also link individual option treatment care support provides information stay healthy possible minimize risk transmission others ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"Test results shall be confidential.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR test result shall confidential ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR usually vol untary counselling testing service package ensures hiv test voluntary pre post test counselling offered informed consent obtained agreement medical test procedure clear explanation risk benefit hiv test performed using approved hiv test kit following testing protocol ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn hivnegative result hiv test detect antibody blood ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above).", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR either mean person infected virus time test he\/she \u2018 window period \u2019 i.e . false negative see ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR mean he\/she immune virus ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn hivpositive result positive hiv test result mean person hiv antibody his\/her blood infected hiv ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR mean he\/she aid ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR hiv test usually test presence antibody ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR two main method hiv testing n hiv elisa enzymelinked immunoabsorbent assay test efficient test testing large number per day requires laboratory facility equipment maintenance staff reliable power supply n simple\/rapid hiv test require special equipment highly trained staff accurate elisa ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR rapid test usually give result approximately 30 minute easy perform ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR suitable combination three simple\/rapid test recommended facility elisa elisa\/western blot testing available ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn inconclusive indeterminate result small percentage hiv test result inconclu sive ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"This means that the result is neither positive nor negative.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR mean result neither positive negative ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR may due number factor related hiv infection person early stage infection insufficient hiv antibody present give positive result ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"If this happens the test must be repeated.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR happens test must repeated ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn information education communication iec development communication strategy support material based formative research designed impact level knowledge influence behaviour among specific group ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn mandatory testing testing screening required federal state local law compel individual submit hiv testing without informed consent ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR within country conduct mandatory testing usually limited specific \u2018 population \u2019 cat egories health care provider member military prisoner people highrisk situation ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn nutritional requirement aid patient usually need food intake 30 percent higher standard recommended level ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn opportunistic infection oi infection occurs immune system weakened might cause disease \u2014 serious \u2014 person properly func tioning immune system ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn peer education popular concept variously refers approach communication channel methodology and\/or intervention strategy ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR peer education usually involves training supporting member given group background experience value effect change among member group ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR often used influence knowledge attitude belief behaviour individual level ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR however peer educa tion may also create change group societal level modifying norm stimulating collective action contributes change policy programme ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR worldwide peer education one widely used hiv\/aids awareness strategy ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn postexposure prophylaxis\/postexposure prevention pep shortterm antiretroviral treatment reduce likelihood hiv infection potential exposure infected body fluid needlestick injury result rape ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR treatment administered qualified health care practitioner ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR essentially consists taking high dos arvs 28 day ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR effective treatment must start within 2 72 hour possible exposure earlier treatment started effective ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"Its success rate varies.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR success rate varies ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn routine optin testing approach testing whereby individual offered hiv test standard part treatment\/health check he\/she receive ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR indivi dual informed he\/she right decide whether undergo test ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn sentinel surveillance surveillance based selected population sample chosen repre sent relevant experience particular group ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn seroconversion period blood start producing detectable antibody response hiv infection ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn seropositive hiv antibody hivpositive ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn sexually transmitted infection sti disease commonly transmitted vaginal oral anal sex ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR presence sti indicative risk behaviour also increase actual risk contracting hiv ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn sti syndromic management costeffective approach allows health worker diag nose sexually transmitted infection basis patient \u2019 history symptom without need laboratory analysis ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR treatment normally includes use broadspectrum antibiotic ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn universal precaution simple infection control measure reduce risk transmis sion blood borne pathogen exposure blood body fluid among patient health care worker ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR \u2018 universal precaution \u2019 principle blood body fluid person considered infected hiv regardless known supposed status person ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n use new singleuse disposable injection equipment injection highly recom mended ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR sterilising injection equipment considered singleuse equip ment available ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n discard contaminated sharp immediately without recapping puncture liquidproof container closed sealed destroyed completely full ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n document quality sterilization medical equipment used percuta neous procedure ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n wash hand soap water procedure use protective barrier glove gown apron mask goggles direct contact blood body fluid ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n disinfect instrument contaminated equipment ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n Handle properly soiled linen with care.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n handle properly soiled linen care ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR soiled linen handled little po sible ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR glove leakproof bag used necessary ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR cleaning occur outside patient area using detergent hot water ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn voluntary hiv testing clientinitiated hiv test whereby individual chooses go testing facility\/provider find his\/her hiv status ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR nn window period time period initial infection hiv body \u2019 pro duction antibody three month ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n\\n AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threatening diseases. \\n\\n Anti-retrovirals (ARVs): Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure. \\n\\n Behaviour-change communication (BCC): A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours. \\n\\n False negative\/positive: HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative. \\n\\n HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. \\n\\n HIV confirmation tests: According to WHO\/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV- test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple\/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further dif- ferent rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available. \\n\\n HIV counselling: Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a vol- untary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols. \\n\\n HIV-negative result: The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he\/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he\/she is immune to the virus. \\n\\n HIV-positive result: A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his\/her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he\/she has AIDS. HIV test: Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\n HIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\n Simple\/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple\/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA\/Western Blot testing are not available. \\n\\n Inconclusive (indeterminate) result: A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclu- sive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated. \\n\\n Information, education and communication (IEC): The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups. \\n\\n Mandatory testing: Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as cat- egories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations. \\n\\n Nutritional requirements: AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels. \\n\\n Opportunistic infection (OI): Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly func- tioning immune system. \\n\\n Peer education: A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and\/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa- tion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. Worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV\/AIDS awareness strategies. \\n\\n Post-exposure prophylaxis\/post-exposure prevention (PEP): A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies. \\n\\n Routine opt-in testing: Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment\/health check that he\/she is about to receive. The indivi- dual is informed that he\/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test. \\n\\n Sentinel surveillance: Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to repre- sent the relevant experience of particular groups. \\n\\n Sero-conversion: The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection. \\n\\n Sero-positive: Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive. \\n\\n Sexually transmitted infection (STI): Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV. \\n\\n STI syndromic management: A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diag- nose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. \\n\\n Universal precautions: Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmis- sion of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\n Use of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recom- mended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equip- ment is not available. \\n Discard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\n Document the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percuta- neous procedures. \\n Wash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\n Disinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\n Handle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as pos- sible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water. \\n\\n Voluntary HIV testing: A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility\/provider to find out his\/her HIV status. \\n\\n Window period: The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s pro- duction of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1162, "Sentence":"During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR time hiv test antibody may negative even though person virus infect others ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Reference material and resources", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Family Health International resources available at http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/HIVAIDS\/ index.htm. \\n Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Set- tings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n \u2014\u2014, Guidelines for Gender Based Violence in Humanitarian Settings: Focusing on Pre- vention of and Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies, September 2005, http:\/\/www. humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc\/content\/products\/docs\/tfgender_GBVGuidelines2005.pdf. Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS), Peer Education Kit for Uniformed Services, 2003. \\n \u2014\u2014, Best Practice Case Studies, http:\/\/www.unaids.org. Reproductive Health Response in Conflict (RHRC) Consortium 2004, HIV\/AIDs Preven- tion and Control: a short course for humanitarian workers, www.rhrc.org \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, http:\/\/www.womenwarpeace.org. \\n UN Population Fund (UNFPA), Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised version, http:\/\/www.unfpa. org\/upload\/lib_pub_file\/373_filename_clinical-mgt-2005rev1.pdf. \\n WHO resources available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/hiv_infections\/en\/. \\n \u2014\u2014, Reproductive Health in Refugee Settings: An Inter-Agency Field Manual, http:\/\/www. who.int\/reproductive-health\/publications\/interagency_manual_on_RH_in_refugee_ situations\/full_text.pdf.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1163, "Sentence":"Family Health International resources available at http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/HIVAIDS\/ index.htm.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR family health international resource available http\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/hivaids\/ index.htm ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Reference material and resources", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Family Health International resources available at http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/HIVAIDS\/ index.htm. \\n Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Set- tings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n \u2014\u2014, Guidelines for Gender Based Violence in Humanitarian Settings: Focusing on Pre- vention of and Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies, September 2005, http:\/\/www. humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc\/content\/products\/docs\/tfgender_GBVGuidelines2005.pdf. Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS), Peer Education Kit for Uniformed Services, 2003. \\n \u2014\u2014, Best Practice Case Studies, http:\/\/www.unaids.org. Reproductive Health Response in Conflict (RHRC) Consortium 2004, HIV\/AIDs Preven- tion and Control: a short course for humanitarian workers, www.rhrc.org \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, http:\/\/www.womenwarpeace.org. \\n UN Population Fund (UNFPA), Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised version, http:\/\/www.unfpa. org\/upload\/lib_pub_file\/373_filename_clinical-mgt-2005rev1.pdf. \\n WHO resources available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/hiv_infections\/en\/. \\n \u2014\u2014, Reproductive Health in Refugee Settings: An Inter-Agency Field Manual, http:\/\/www. who.int\/reproductive-health\/publications\/interagency_manual_on_RH_in_refugee_ situations\/full_text.pdf.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1163, "Sentence":"\\n Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Set- tings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n interagency standing committee guideline hiv\/aids intervention emergency set ting http\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Reference material and resources", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Family Health International resources available at http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/HIVAIDS\/ index.htm. \\n Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Set- tings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n \u2014\u2014, Guidelines for Gender Based Violence in Humanitarian Settings: Focusing on Pre- vention of and Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies, September 2005, http:\/\/www. humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc\/content\/products\/docs\/tfgender_GBVGuidelines2005.pdf. Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS), Peer Education Kit for Uniformed Services, 2003. \\n \u2014\u2014, Best Practice Case Studies, http:\/\/www.unaids.org. Reproductive Health Response in Conflict (RHRC) Consortium 2004, HIV\/AIDs Preven- tion and Control: a short course for humanitarian workers, www.rhrc.org \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, http:\/\/www.womenwarpeace.org. \\n UN Population Fund (UNFPA), Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised version, http:\/\/www.unfpa. org\/upload\/lib_pub_file\/373_filename_clinical-mgt-2005rev1.pdf. \\n WHO resources available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/hiv_infections\/en\/. \\n \u2014\u2014, Reproductive Health in Refugee Settings: An Inter-Agency Field Manual, http:\/\/www. who.int\/reproductive-health\/publications\/interagency_manual_on_RH_in_refugee_ situations\/full_text.pdf.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1163, "Sentence":"\\n \u2014\u2014, Guidelines for Gender Based Violence in Humanitarian Settings: Focusing on Pre- vention of and Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies, September 2005, http:\/\/www.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n \u2014\u2014 guideline gender based violence humanitarian setting focusing pre vention response sexual violence emergency september 2005 http\/\/www ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Reference material and resources", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Family Health International resources available at http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/HIVAIDS\/ index.htm. \\n Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Set- tings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n \u2014\u2014, Guidelines for Gender Based Violence in Humanitarian Settings: Focusing on Pre- vention of and Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies, September 2005, http:\/\/www. humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc\/content\/products\/docs\/tfgender_GBVGuidelines2005.pdf. Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS), Peer Education Kit for Uniformed Services, 2003. \\n \u2014\u2014, Best Practice Case Studies, http:\/\/www.unaids.org. Reproductive Health Response in Conflict (RHRC) Consortium 2004, HIV\/AIDs Preven- tion and Control: a short course for humanitarian workers, www.rhrc.org \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, http:\/\/www.womenwarpeace.org. \\n UN Population Fund (UNFPA), Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised version, http:\/\/www.unfpa. org\/upload\/lib_pub_file\/373_filename_clinical-mgt-2005rev1.pdf. \\n WHO resources available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/hiv_infections\/en\/. \\n \u2014\u2014, Reproductive Health in Refugee Settings: An Inter-Agency Field Manual, http:\/\/www. who.int\/reproductive-health\/publications\/interagency_manual_on_RH_in_refugee_ situations\/full_text.pdf.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1163, "Sentence":"humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc\/content\/products\/docs\/tfgender_GBVGuidelines2005.pdf.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc\/content\/products\/docs\/tfgendergbvguidelines2005.pdf ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Reference material and resources", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Family Health International resources available at http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/HIVAIDS\/ index.htm. \\n Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Set- tings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n \u2014\u2014, Guidelines for Gender Based Violence in Humanitarian Settings: Focusing on Pre- vention of and Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies, September 2005, http:\/\/www. humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc\/content\/products\/docs\/tfgender_GBVGuidelines2005.pdf. Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS), Peer Education Kit for Uniformed Services, 2003. \\n \u2014\u2014, Best Practice Case Studies, http:\/\/www.unaids.org. Reproductive Health Response in Conflict (RHRC) Consortium 2004, HIV\/AIDs Preven- tion and Control: a short course for humanitarian workers, www.rhrc.org \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, http:\/\/www.womenwarpeace.org. \\n UN Population Fund (UNFPA), Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised version, http:\/\/www.unfpa. org\/upload\/lib_pub_file\/373_filename_clinical-mgt-2005rev1.pdf. \\n WHO resources available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/hiv_infections\/en\/. \\n \u2014\u2014, Reproductive Health in Refugee Settings: An Inter-Agency Field Manual, http:\/\/www. who.int\/reproductive-health\/publications\/interagency_manual_on_RH_in_refugee_ situations\/full_text.pdf.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1163, "Sentence":"Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS), Peer Education Kit for Uniformed Services, 2003.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR joint un programme hiv\/aids unaids peer education kit uniformed service 2003 ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Reference material and resources", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Family Health International resources available at http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/HIVAIDS\/ index.htm. \\n Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Set- tings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n \u2014\u2014, Guidelines for Gender Based Violence in Humanitarian Settings: Focusing on Pre- vention of and Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies, September 2005, http:\/\/www. humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc\/content\/products\/docs\/tfgender_GBVGuidelines2005.pdf. Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS), Peer Education Kit for Uniformed Services, 2003. \\n \u2014\u2014, Best Practice Case Studies, http:\/\/www.unaids.org. Reproductive Health Response in Conflict (RHRC) Consortium 2004, HIV\/AIDs Preven- tion and Control: a short course for humanitarian workers, www.rhrc.org \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, http:\/\/www.womenwarpeace.org. \\n UN Population Fund (UNFPA), Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised version, http:\/\/www.unfpa. org\/upload\/lib_pub_file\/373_filename_clinical-mgt-2005rev1.pdf. \\n WHO resources available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/hiv_infections\/en\/. \\n \u2014\u2014, Reproductive Health in Refugee Settings: An Inter-Agency Field Manual, http:\/\/www. who.int\/reproductive-health\/publications\/interagency_manual_on_RH_in_refugee_ situations\/full_text.pdf.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1163, "Sentence":"\\n \u2014\u2014, Best Practice Case Studies, http:\/\/www.unaids.org.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n \u2014\u2014 best practice case study http\/\/www.unaids.org ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Reference material and resources", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Family Health International resources available at http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/HIVAIDS\/ index.htm. \\n Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Set- tings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n \u2014\u2014, Guidelines for Gender Based Violence in Humanitarian Settings: Focusing on Pre- vention of and Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies, September 2005, http:\/\/www. humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc\/content\/products\/docs\/tfgender_GBVGuidelines2005.pdf. Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS), Peer Education Kit for Uniformed Services, 2003. \\n \u2014\u2014, Best Practice Case Studies, http:\/\/www.unaids.org. Reproductive Health Response in Conflict (RHRC) Consortium 2004, HIV\/AIDs Preven- tion and Control: a short course for humanitarian workers, www.rhrc.org \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, http:\/\/www.womenwarpeace.org. \\n UN Population Fund (UNFPA), Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised version, http:\/\/www.unfpa. org\/upload\/lib_pub_file\/373_filename_clinical-mgt-2005rev1.pdf. \\n WHO resources available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/hiv_infections\/en\/. \\n \u2014\u2014, Reproductive Health in Refugee Settings: An Inter-Agency Field Manual, http:\/\/www. who.int\/reproductive-health\/publications\/interagency_manual_on_RH_in_refugee_ situations\/full_text.pdf.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1163, "Sentence":"Reproductive Health Response in Conflict (RHRC) Consortium 2004, HIV\/AIDs Preven- tion and Control: a short course for humanitarian workers, www.rhrc.org \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, http:\/\/www.womenwarpeace.org.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR reproductive health response conflict rhrc consortium 2004 hiv\/aids preven tion control short course humanitarian worker www.rhrc.org n rehn elisabeth ellen johnson sirleaf woman war peace independent expert \u2019 assessment impact armed conflict woman woman \u2019 role peacebuilding http\/\/www.womenwarpeace.org ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Reference material and resources", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Family Health International resources available at http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/HIVAIDS\/ index.htm. \\n Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Set- tings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n \u2014\u2014, Guidelines for Gender Based Violence in Humanitarian Settings: Focusing on Pre- vention of and Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies, September 2005, http:\/\/www. humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc\/content\/products\/docs\/tfgender_GBVGuidelines2005.pdf. Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS), Peer Education Kit for Uniformed Services, 2003. \\n \u2014\u2014, Best Practice Case Studies, http:\/\/www.unaids.org. Reproductive Health Response in Conflict (RHRC) Consortium 2004, HIV\/AIDs Preven- tion and Control: a short course for humanitarian workers, www.rhrc.org \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, http:\/\/www.womenwarpeace.org. \\n UN Population Fund (UNFPA), Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised version, http:\/\/www.unfpa. org\/upload\/lib_pub_file\/373_filename_clinical-mgt-2005rev1.pdf. \\n WHO resources available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/hiv_infections\/en\/. \\n \u2014\u2014, Reproductive Health in Refugee Settings: An Inter-Agency Field Manual, http:\/\/www. who.int\/reproductive-health\/publications\/interagency_manual_on_RH_in_refugee_ situations\/full_text.pdf.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1163, "Sentence":"\\n UN Population Fund (UNFPA), Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised version, http:\/\/www.unfpa.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n un population fund unfpa clinical management rape survivor developing protocol use refugee internally displaced person revised version http\/\/www.unfpa ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Reference material and resources", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Family Health International resources available at http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/HIVAIDS\/ index.htm. \\n Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Set- tings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n \u2014\u2014, Guidelines for Gender Based Violence in Humanitarian Settings: Focusing on Pre- vention of and Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies, September 2005, http:\/\/www. humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc\/content\/products\/docs\/tfgender_GBVGuidelines2005.pdf. Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS), Peer Education Kit for Uniformed Services, 2003. \\n \u2014\u2014, Best Practice Case Studies, http:\/\/www.unaids.org. Reproductive Health Response in Conflict (RHRC) Consortium 2004, HIV\/AIDs Preven- tion and Control: a short course for humanitarian workers, www.rhrc.org \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, http:\/\/www.womenwarpeace.org. \\n UN Population Fund (UNFPA), Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised version, http:\/\/www.unfpa. org\/upload\/lib_pub_file\/373_filename_clinical-mgt-2005rev1.pdf. \\n WHO resources available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/hiv_infections\/en\/. \\n \u2014\u2014, Reproductive Health in Refugee Settings: An Inter-Agency Field Manual, http:\/\/www. who.int\/reproductive-health\/publications\/interagency_manual_on_RH_in_refugee_ situations\/full_text.pdf.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1163, "Sentence":"org\/upload\/lib_pub_file\/373_filename_clinical-mgt-2005rev1.pdf.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR org\/upload\/libpubfile\/373filenameclinicalmgt2005rev1.pdf ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Reference material and resources", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Family Health International resources available at http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/HIVAIDS\/ index.htm. \\n Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Set- tings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n \u2014\u2014, Guidelines for Gender Based Violence in Humanitarian Settings: Focusing on Pre- vention of and Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies, September 2005, http:\/\/www. humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc\/content\/products\/docs\/tfgender_GBVGuidelines2005.pdf. Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS), Peer Education Kit for Uniformed Services, 2003. \\n \u2014\u2014, Best Practice Case Studies, http:\/\/www.unaids.org. Reproductive Health Response in Conflict (RHRC) Consortium 2004, HIV\/AIDs Preven- tion and Control: a short course for humanitarian workers, www.rhrc.org \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, http:\/\/www.womenwarpeace.org. \\n UN Population Fund (UNFPA), Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised version, http:\/\/www.unfpa. org\/upload\/lib_pub_file\/373_filename_clinical-mgt-2005rev1.pdf. \\n WHO resources available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/hiv_infections\/en\/. \\n \u2014\u2014, Reproductive Health in Refugee Settings: An Inter-Agency Field Manual, http:\/\/www. who.int\/reproductive-health\/publications\/interagency_manual_on_RH_in_refugee_ situations\/full_text.pdf.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1163, "Sentence":"\\n WHO resources available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/hiv_infections\/en\/.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n resource available http\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/hivinfections\/en\/ ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Reference material and resources", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Family Health International resources available at http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/HIVAIDS\/ index.htm. \\n Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Set- tings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n \u2014\u2014, Guidelines for Gender Based Violence in Humanitarian Settings: Focusing on Pre- vention of and Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies, September 2005, http:\/\/www. humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc\/content\/products\/docs\/tfgender_GBVGuidelines2005.pdf. Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS), Peer Education Kit for Uniformed Services, 2003. \\n \u2014\u2014, Best Practice Case Studies, http:\/\/www.unaids.org. Reproductive Health Response in Conflict (RHRC) Consortium 2004, HIV\/AIDs Preven- tion and Control: a short course for humanitarian workers, www.rhrc.org \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, http:\/\/www.womenwarpeace.org. \\n UN Population Fund (UNFPA), Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised version, http:\/\/www.unfpa. org\/upload\/lib_pub_file\/373_filename_clinical-mgt-2005rev1.pdf. \\n WHO resources available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/hiv_infections\/en\/. \\n \u2014\u2014, Reproductive Health in Refugee Settings: An Inter-Agency Field Manual, http:\/\/www. who.int\/reproductive-health\/publications\/interagency_manual_on_RH_in_refugee_ situations\/full_text.pdf.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1163, "Sentence":"\\n \u2014\u2014, Reproductive Health in Refugee Settings: An Inter-Agency Field Manual, http:\/\/www.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n \u2014\u2014 reproductive health refugee setting interagency field manual http\/\/www ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex C: Reference material and resources", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Family Health International resources available at http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/HIVAIDS\/ index.htm. \\n Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Set- tings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n \u2014\u2014, Guidelines for Gender Based Violence in Humanitarian Settings: Focusing on Pre- vention of and Response to Sexual Violence in Emergencies, September 2005, http:\/\/www. humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc\/content\/products\/docs\/tfgender_GBVGuidelines2005.pdf. Joint UN Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS), Peer Education Kit for Uniformed Services, 2003. \\n \u2014\u2014, Best Practice Case Studies, http:\/\/www.unaids.org. Reproductive Health Response in Conflict (RHRC) Consortium 2004, HIV\/AIDs Preven- tion and Control: a short course for humanitarian workers, www.rhrc.org \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Women, War and Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assessment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, http:\/\/www.womenwarpeace.org. \\n UN Population Fund (UNFPA), Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised version, http:\/\/www.unfpa. org\/upload\/lib_pub_file\/373_filename_clinical-mgt-2005rev1.pdf. \\n WHO resources available at http:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/hiv_infections\/en\/. \\n \u2014\u2014, Reproductive Health in Refugee Settings: An Inter-Agency Field Manual, http:\/\/www. who.int\/reproductive-health\/publications\/interagency_manual_on_RH_in_refugee_ situations\/full_text.pdf.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1163, "Sentence":"who.int\/reproductive-health\/publications\/interagency_manual_on_RH_in_refugee_ situations\/full_text.pdf.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR who.int\/reproductivehealth\/publications\/interagencymanualonrhinrefugee situations\/fulltext.pdf ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Bazergan, R., Intervention and Intercourse: HIV\/AIDS and peacekeepers, Conflict, Security and Develop- ment, vol 3 no 1, April 2003, King\u2019s College, London, pp. 27\u201351. \\n 2 http:\/\/www.un.org\/docs\/sc\/. \\n 3 Ibid. \\n 4 Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Settings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n 5 HIV risk in militaries is related to specific contexts, with a number of influencing factors, including the context in which troops are deployed. Many AIDS interventions by ministries of defence have been effective, and have reduced HIV infection rates in the uniformed services. \\n 6 In many cases, ex-combatants who are set to join a uniformed service do not go through the DDR process. There would still be a potential benefit, however, in instances where HIV\/AIDS awareness has started in the barracks\/camps. \\n 7 At the same time planners cannot assume that all fighting forces will have an organised structure in barracks with the associated logistical support. In some cases, combatants may be mixed with the population and hard to distinguish from the general population. \\n 8 See http:\/\/www.unaids.org and http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/index.htm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1164, "Sentence":"\\n 1 Bazergan, R., Intervention and Intercourse: HIV\/AIDS and peacekeepers, Conflict, Security and Develop- ment, vol 3 no 1, April 2003, King\u2019s College, London, pp.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n 1 bazergan r. intervention intercourse hiv\/aids peacekeeper conflict security develop ment vol 3 1 april 2003 king \u2019 college london pp ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Bazergan, R., Intervention and Intercourse: HIV\/AIDS and peacekeepers, Conflict, Security and Develop- ment, vol 3 no 1, April 2003, King\u2019s College, London, pp. 27\u201351. \\n 2 http:\/\/www.un.org\/docs\/sc\/. \\n 3 Ibid. \\n 4 Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Settings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n 5 HIV risk in militaries is related to specific contexts, with a number of influencing factors, including the context in which troops are deployed. Many AIDS interventions by ministries of defence have been effective, and have reduced HIV infection rates in the uniformed services. \\n 6 In many cases, ex-combatants who are set to join a uniformed service do not go through the DDR process. There would still be a potential benefit, however, in instances where HIV\/AIDS awareness has started in the barracks\/camps. \\n 7 At the same time planners cannot assume that all fighting forces will have an organised structure in barracks with the associated logistical support. In some cases, combatants may be mixed with the population and hard to distinguish from the general population. \\n 8 See http:\/\/www.unaids.org and http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/index.htm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1164, "Sentence":"27\u201351.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR 27\u201351 ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Bazergan, R., Intervention and Intercourse: HIV\/AIDS and peacekeepers, Conflict, Security and Develop- ment, vol 3 no 1, April 2003, King\u2019s College, London, pp. 27\u201351. \\n 2 http:\/\/www.un.org\/docs\/sc\/. \\n 3 Ibid. \\n 4 Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Settings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n 5 HIV risk in militaries is related to specific contexts, with a number of influencing factors, including the context in which troops are deployed. Many AIDS interventions by ministries of defence have been effective, and have reduced HIV infection rates in the uniformed services. \\n 6 In many cases, ex-combatants who are set to join a uniformed service do not go through the DDR process. There would still be a potential benefit, however, in instances where HIV\/AIDS awareness has started in the barracks\/camps. \\n 7 At the same time planners cannot assume that all fighting forces will have an organised structure in barracks with the associated logistical support. In some cases, combatants may be mixed with the population and hard to distinguish from the general population. \\n 8 See http:\/\/www.unaids.org and http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/index.htm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1164, "Sentence":"\\n 2 http:\/\/www.un.org\/docs\/sc\/.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n 2 http\/\/www.un.org\/docs\/sc\/ ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Bazergan, R., Intervention and Intercourse: HIV\/AIDS and peacekeepers, Conflict, Security and Develop- ment, vol 3 no 1, April 2003, King\u2019s College, London, pp. 27\u201351. \\n 2 http:\/\/www.un.org\/docs\/sc\/. \\n 3 Ibid. \\n 4 Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Settings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n 5 HIV risk in militaries is related to specific contexts, with a number of influencing factors, including the context in which troops are deployed. Many AIDS interventions by ministries of defence have been effective, and have reduced HIV infection rates in the uniformed services. \\n 6 In many cases, ex-combatants who are set to join a uniformed service do not go through the DDR process. There would still be a potential benefit, however, in instances where HIV\/AIDS awareness has started in the barracks\/camps. \\n 7 At the same time planners cannot assume that all fighting forces will have an organised structure in barracks with the associated logistical support. In some cases, combatants may be mixed with the population and hard to distinguish from the general population. \\n 8 See http:\/\/www.unaids.org and http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/index.htm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1164, "Sentence":"\\n 3 Ibid.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n 3 ibid ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Bazergan, R., Intervention and Intercourse: HIV\/AIDS and peacekeepers, Conflict, Security and Develop- ment, vol 3 no 1, April 2003, King\u2019s College, London, pp. 27\u201351. \\n 2 http:\/\/www.un.org\/docs\/sc\/. \\n 3 Ibid. \\n 4 Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Settings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n 5 HIV risk in militaries is related to specific contexts, with a number of influencing factors, including the context in which troops are deployed. Many AIDS interventions by ministries of defence have been effective, and have reduced HIV infection rates in the uniformed services. \\n 6 In many cases, ex-combatants who are set to join a uniformed service do not go through the DDR process. There would still be a potential benefit, however, in instances where HIV\/AIDS awareness has started in the barracks\/camps. \\n 7 At the same time planners cannot assume that all fighting forces will have an organised structure in barracks with the associated logistical support. In some cases, combatants may be mixed with the population and hard to distinguish from the general population. \\n 8 See http:\/\/www.unaids.org and http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/index.htm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1164, "Sentence":"\\n 4 Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Settings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n 4 interagency standing committee guideline hiv\/aids intervention emergency setting http\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Bazergan, R., Intervention and Intercourse: HIV\/AIDS and peacekeepers, Conflict, Security and Develop- ment, vol 3 no 1, April 2003, King\u2019s College, London, pp. 27\u201351. \\n 2 http:\/\/www.un.org\/docs\/sc\/. \\n 3 Ibid. \\n 4 Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Settings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n 5 HIV risk in militaries is related to specific contexts, with a number of influencing factors, including the context in which troops are deployed. Many AIDS interventions by ministries of defence have been effective, and have reduced HIV infection rates in the uniformed services. \\n 6 In many cases, ex-combatants who are set to join a uniformed service do not go through the DDR process. There would still be a potential benefit, however, in instances where HIV\/AIDS awareness has started in the barracks\/camps. \\n 7 At the same time planners cannot assume that all fighting forces will have an organised structure in barracks with the associated logistical support. In some cases, combatants may be mixed with the population and hard to distinguish from the general population. \\n 8 See http:\/\/www.unaids.org and http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/index.htm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1164, "Sentence":"\\n 5 HIV risk in militaries is related to specific contexts, with a number of influencing factors, including the context in which troops are deployed.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n 5 hiv risk military related specific context number influencing factor including context troop deployed ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Bazergan, R., Intervention and Intercourse: HIV\/AIDS and peacekeepers, Conflict, Security and Develop- ment, vol 3 no 1, April 2003, King\u2019s College, London, pp. 27\u201351. \\n 2 http:\/\/www.un.org\/docs\/sc\/. \\n 3 Ibid. \\n 4 Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Settings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n 5 HIV risk in militaries is related to specific contexts, with a number of influencing factors, including the context in which troops are deployed. Many AIDS interventions by ministries of defence have been effective, and have reduced HIV infection rates in the uniformed services. \\n 6 In many cases, ex-combatants who are set to join a uniformed service do not go through the DDR process. There would still be a potential benefit, however, in instances where HIV\/AIDS awareness has started in the barracks\/camps. \\n 7 At the same time planners cannot assume that all fighting forces will have an organised structure in barracks with the associated logistical support. In some cases, combatants may be mixed with the population and hard to distinguish from the general population. \\n 8 See http:\/\/www.unaids.org and http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/index.htm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1164, "Sentence":"Many AIDS interventions by ministries of defence have been effective, and have reduced HIV infection rates in the uniformed services.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR many aid intervention ministry defence effective reduced hiv infection rate uniformed service ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Bazergan, R., Intervention and Intercourse: HIV\/AIDS and peacekeepers, Conflict, Security and Develop- ment, vol 3 no 1, April 2003, King\u2019s College, London, pp. 27\u201351. \\n 2 http:\/\/www.un.org\/docs\/sc\/. \\n 3 Ibid. \\n 4 Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Settings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n 5 HIV risk in militaries is related to specific contexts, with a number of influencing factors, including the context in which troops are deployed. Many AIDS interventions by ministries of defence have been effective, and have reduced HIV infection rates in the uniformed services. \\n 6 In many cases, ex-combatants who are set to join a uniformed service do not go through the DDR process. There would still be a potential benefit, however, in instances where HIV\/AIDS awareness has started in the barracks\/camps. \\n 7 At the same time planners cannot assume that all fighting forces will have an organised structure in barracks with the associated logistical support. In some cases, combatants may be mixed with the population and hard to distinguish from the general population. \\n 8 See http:\/\/www.unaids.org and http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/index.htm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1164, "Sentence":"\\n 6 In many cases, ex-combatants who are set to join a uniformed service do not go through the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n 6 many case excombatants set join uniformed service go ddr process ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Bazergan, R., Intervention and Intercourse: HIV\/AIDS and peacekeepers, Conflict, Security and Develop- ment, vol 3 no 1, April 2003, King\u2019s College, London, pp. 27\u201351. \\n 2 http:\/\/www.un.org\/docs\/sc\/. \\n 3 Ibid. \\n 4 Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Settings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n 5 HIV risk in militaries is related to specific contexts, with a number of influencing factors, including the context in which troops are deployed. Many AIDS interventions by ministries of defence have been effective, and have reduced HIV infection rates in the uniformed services. \\n 6 In many cases, ex-combatants who are set to join a uniformed service do not go through the DDR process. There would still be a potential benefit, however, in instances where HIV\/AIDS awareness has started in the barracks\/camps. \\n 7 At the same time planners cannot assume that all fighting forces will have an organised structure in barracks with the associated logistical support. In some cases, combatants may be mixed with the population and hard to distinguish from the general population. \\n 8 See http:\/\/www.unaids.org and http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/index.htm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1164, "Sentence":"There would still be a potential benefit, however, in instances where HIV\/AIDS awareness has started in the barracks\/camps.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR would still potential benefit however instance hiv\/aids awareness started barracks\/camps ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Bazergan, R., Intervention and Intercourse: HIV\/AIDS and peacekeepers, Conflict, Security and Develop- ment, vol 3 no 1, April 2003, King\u2019s College, London, pp. 27\u201351. \\n 2 http:\/\/www.un.org\/docs\/sc\/. \\n 3 Ibid. \\n 4 Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Settings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n 5 HIV risk in militaries is related to specific contexts, with a number of influencing factors, including the context in which troops are deployed. Many AIDS interventions by ministries of defence have been effective, and have reduced HIV infection rates in the uniformed services. \\n 6 In many cases, ex-combatants who are set to join a uniformed service do not go through the DDR process. There would still be a potential benefit, however, in instances where HIV\/AIDS awareness has started in the barracks\/camps. \\n 7 At the same time planners cannot assume that all fighting forces will have an organised structure in barracks with the associated logistical support. In some cases, combatants may be mixed with the population and hard to distinguish from the general population. \\n 8 See http:\/\/www.unaids.org and http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/index.htm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1164, "Sentence":"\\n 7 At the same time planners cannot assume that all fighting forces will have an organised structure in barracks with the associated logistical support.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n 7 time planner assume fighting force organised structure barrack associated logistical support ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Bazergan, R., Intervention and Intercourse: HIV\/AIDS and peacekeepers, Conflict, Security and Develop- ment, vol 3 no 1, April 2003, King\u2019s College, London, pp. 27\u201351. \\n 2 http:\/\/www.un.org\/docs\/sc\/. \\n 3 Ibid. \\n 4 Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Settings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n 5 HIV risk in militaries is related to specific contexts, with a number of influencing factors, including the context in which troops are deployed. Many AIDS interventions by ministries of defence have been effective, and have reduced HIV infection rates in the uniformed services. \\n 6 In many cases, ex-combatants who are set to join a uniformed service do not go through the DDR process. There would still be a potential benefit, however, in instances where HIV\/AIDS awareness has started in the barracks\/camps. \\n 7 At the same time planners cannot assume that all fighting forces will have an organised structure in barracks with the associated logistical support. In some cases, combatants may be mixed with the population and hard to distinguish from the general population. \\n 8 See http:\/\/www.unaids.org and http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/index.htm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1164, "Sentence":"In some cases, combatants may be mixed with the population and hard to distinguish from the general population.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR case combatant may mixed population hard distinguish general population ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.60-HIV-AIDS-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"HIV AIDS and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Bazergan, R., Intervention and Intercourse: HIV\/AIDS and peacekeepers, Conflict, Security and Develop- ment, vol 3 no 1, April 2003, King\u2019s College, London, pp. 27\u201351. \\n 2 http:\/\/www.un.org\/docs\/sc\/. \\n 3 Ibid. \\n 4 Inter-Agency Standing Committee, Guidelines for HIV\/AIDS Interventions in Emergency Settings, http:\/\/www.humanitarianinfo.org\/iasc. \\n 5 HIV risk in militaries is related to specific contexts, with a number of influencing factors, including the context in which troops are deployed. Many AIDS interventions by ministries of defence have been effective, and have reduced HIV infection rates in the uniformed services. \\n 6 In many cases, ex-combatants who are set to join a uniformed service do not go through the DDR process. There would still be a potential benefit, however, in instances where HIV\/AIDS awareness has started in the barracks\/camps. \\n 7 At the same time planners cannot assume that all fighting forces will have an organised structure in barracks with the associated logistical support. In some cases, combatants may be mixed with the population and hard to distinguish from the general population. \\n 8 See http:\/\/www.unaids.org and http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/index.htm.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1164, "Sentence":"\\n 8 See http:\/\/www.unaids.org and http:\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/index.htm.", "ProcessedSent":"HIV AIDS and DDR n 8 see http\/\/www.unaids.org http\/\/www.fhi.org\/en\/index.htm ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Women are increasingly involved in combat or are associated with armed groups and forces in other roles, work as community peace-builders, and play essential roles in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes. Yet they are almost never included in the planning or implementation of DDR. Since 2000, the United Nations (UN) and all other agencies involved in DDR and other post-conflict reconstruction activities have been in a better position to change this state of affairs by using Security Council resolution 1325, which sets out a clear and practical agenda for measuring the advancement of women in all aspects of peace-building. The resolution begins with the recognition that women\u2019s visibility, both in national and regional instruments and in bi- and multilateral organizations, is vital. It goes on to call for gender awareness in all aspects of peacekeeping initiatives, especially demobi- lization and reintegration, urges women\u2019s informed and active participation in disarmament exercises, and insists on the right of women to carry out their post-conflict reconstruction activities in an environment free from threat, especially of sexualized violence.Even when they are not involved with armed forces and groups themselves, women are strongly affected by decisions made during the demobilization of men. Furthermore, it is impossible to tackle the problems of women\u2019s political, social and economic marginaliza- tion or the high levels of violence against women in conflict and post-conflict zones without paying attention to how men\u2019s experiences and expectations also shape gender relations. This module therefore includes some ideas about how to design DDR processes for men in such a way that they will learn to resolve interpersonal conflicts without using violence to do so, which will increase the security of their families and broader communities.Special note is also made of girl soldiers in this module, because in some parts of the world, a girl who bears a child, no matter how young she is, immediately gains the status of a woman. Care should therefore be taken to understand local interpretations of who is seen as a girl and who a woman soldier.Peace-building, especially in the form of practical disarmament, needs to continue for a long time after formal demobilization and reintegration processes come to an end. This module is therefore intended to assist planners in designing and implementing gender- sensitive short-term goals, and to help in the planning of future-oriented long-term peace support measures. It focuses on practical ways in which both women and girls, and men and boys can be included in the processes of disarmament and demobilization, and be recognized and supported in the roles they play in reintegration.The processes of DDR take place in such a wide variety of conditions that it would be impossible to discuss each of the circumstance-specific challenges that might arise. This module raises issues that frequently disappear in the planning stages of DDR, and aims to provoke further thinking and debate on the best ways to deal with the varied needs of people \u2014 male and female, old and young, healthy and unwell \u2014 in armed groups and forces, and those of the communities to which they return after war.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1165, "Sentence":"Women are increasingly involved in combat or are associated with armed groups and forces in other roles, work as community peace-builders, and play essential roles in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman increasingly involved combat associated armed group force role work community peacebuilders play essential role disarmament demobilization reintegration ddr process ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Women are increasingly involved in combat or are associated with armed groups and forces in other roles, work as community peace-builders, and play essential roles in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes. Yet they are almost never included in the planning or implementation of DDR. Since 2000, the United Nations (UN) and all other agencies involved in DDR and other post-conflict reconstruction activities have been in a better position to change this state of affairs by using Security Council resolution 1325, which sets out a clear and practical agenda for measuring the advancement of women in all aspects of peace-building. The resolution begins with the recognition that women\u2019s visibility, both in national and regional instruments and in bi- and multilateral organizations, is vital. It goes on to call for gender awareness in all aspects of peacekeeping initiatives, especially demobi- lization and reintegration, urges women\u2019s informed and active participation in disarmament exercises, and insists on the right of women to carry out their post-conflict reconstruction activities in an environment free from threat, especially of sexualized violence.Even when they are not involved with armed forces and groups themselves, women are strongly affected by decisions made during the demobilization of men. Furthermore, it is impossible to tackle the problems of women\u2019s political, social and economic marginaliza- tion or the high levels of violence against women in conflict and post-conflict zones without paying attention to how men\u2019s experiences and expectations also shape gender relations. This module therefore includes some ideas about how to design DDR processes for men in such a way that they will learn to resolve interpersonal conflicts without using violence to do so, which will increase the security of their families and broader communities.Special note is also made of girl soldiers in this module, because in some parts of the world, a girl who bears a child, no matter how young she is, immediately gains the status of a woman. Care should therefore be taken to understand local interpretations of who is seen as a girl and who a woman soldier.Peace-building, especially in the form of practical disarmament, needs to continue for a long time after formal demobilization and reintegration processes come to an end. This module is therefore intended to assist planners in designing and implementing gender- sensitive short-term goals, and to help in the planning of future-oriented long-term peace support measures. It focuses on practical ways in which both women and girls, and men and boys can be included in the processes of disarmament and demobilization, and be recognized and supported in the roles they play in reintegration.The processes of DDR take place in such a wide variety of conditions that it would be impossible to discuss each of the circumstance-specific challenges that might arise. This module raises issues that frequently disappear in the planning stages of DDR, and aims to provoke further thinking and debate on the best ways to deal with the varied needs of people \u2014 male and female, old and young, healthy and unwell \u2014 in armed groups and forces, and those of the communities to which they return after war.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1165, "Sentence":"Yet they are almost never included in the planning or implementation of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR yet almost never included planning implementation ddr ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Women are increasingly involved in combat or are associated with armed groups and forces in other roles, work as community peace-builders, and play essential roles in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes. Yet they are almost never included in the planning or implementation of DDR. Since 2000, the United Nations (UN) and all other agencies involved in DDR and other post-conflict reconstruction activities have been in a better position to change this state of affairs by using Security Council resolution 1325, which sets out a clear and practical agenda for measuring the advancement of women in all aspects of peace-building. The resolution begins with the recognition that women\u2019s visibility, both in national and regional instruments and in bi- and multilateral organizations, is vital. It goes on to call for gender awareness in all aspects of peacekeeping initiatives, especially demobi- lization and reintegration, urges women\u2019s informed and active participation in disarmament exercises, and insists on the right of women to carry out their post-conflict reconstruction activities in an environment free from threat, especially of sexualized violence.Even when they are not involved with armed forces and groups themselves, women are strongly affected by decisions made during the demobilization of men. Furthermore, it is impossible to tackle the problems of women\u2019s political, social and economic marginaliza- tion or the high levels of violence against women in conflict and post-conflict zones without paying attention to how men\u2019s experiences and expectations also shape gender relations. This module therefore includes some ideas about how to design DDR processes for men in such a way that they will learn to resolve interpersonal conflicts without using violence to do so, which will increase the security of their families and broader communities.Special note is also made of girl soldiers in this module, because in some parts of the world, a girl who bears a child, no matter how young she is, immediately gains the status of a woman. Care should therefore be taken to understand local interpretations of who is seen as a girl and who a woman soldier.Peace-building, especially in the form of practical disarmament, needs to continue for a long time after formal demobilization and reintegration processes come to an end. This module is therefore intended to assist planners in designing and implementing gender- sensitive short-term goals, and to help in the planning of future-oriented long-term peace support measures. It focuses on practical ways in which both women and girls, and men and boys can be included in the processes of disarmament and demobilization, and be recognized and supported in the roles they play in reintegration.The processes of DDR take place in such a wide variety of conditions that it would be impossible to discuss each of the circumstance-specific challenges that might arise. This module raises issues that frequently disappear in the planning stages of DDR, and aims to provoke further thinking and debate on the best ways to deal with the varied needs of people \u2014 male and female, old and young, healthy and unwell \u2014 in armed groups and forces, and those of the communities to which they return after war.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1165, "Sentence":"Since 2000, the United Nations (UN) and all other agencies involved in DDR and other post-conflict reconstruction activities have been in a better position to change this state of affairs by using Security Council resolution 1325, which sets out a clear and practical agenda for measuring the advancement of women in all aspects of peace-building.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR since 2000 united nation un agency involved ddr postconflict reconstruction activity better position change state affair using security council resolution 1325 set clear practical agenda measuring advancement woman aspect peacebuilding ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Women are increasingly involved in combat or are associated with armed groups and forces in other roles, work as community peace-builders, and play essential roles in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes. Yet they are almost never included in the planning or implementation of DDR. Since 2000, the United Nations (UN) and all other agencies involved in DDR and other post-conflict reconstruction activities have been in a better position to change this state of affairs by using Security Council resolution 1325, which sets out a clear and practical agenda for measuring the advancement of women in all aspects of peace-building. The resolution begins with the recognition that women\u2019s visibility, both in national and regional instruments and in bi- and multilateral organizations, is vital. It goes on to call for gender awareness in all aspects of peacekeeping initiatives, especially demobi- lization and reintegration, urges women\u2019s informed and active participation in disarmament exercises, and insists on the right of women to carry out their post-conflict reconstruction activities in an environment free from threat, especially of sexualized violence.Even when they are not involved with armed forces and groups themselves, women are strongly affected by decisions made during the demobilization of men. Furthermore, it is impossible to tackle the problems of women\u2019s political, social and economic marginaliza- tion or the high levels of violence against women in conflict and post-conflict zones without paying attention to how men\u2019s experiences and expectations also shape gender relations. This module therefore includes some ideas about how to design DDR processes for men in such a way that they will learn to resolve interpersonal conflicts without using violence to do so, which will increase the security of their families and broader communities.Special note is also made of girl soldiers in this module, because in some parts of the world, a girl who bears a child, no matter how young she is, immediately gains the status of a woman. Care should therefore be taken to understand local interpretations of who is seen as a girl and who a woman soldier.Peace-building, especially in the form of practical disarmament, needs to continue for a long time after formal demobilization and reintegration processes come to an end. This module is therefore intended to assist planners in designing and implementing gender- sensitive short-term goals, and to help in the planning of future-oriented long-term peace support measures. It focuses on practical ways in which both women and girls, and men and boys can be included in the processes of disarmament and demobilization, and be recognized and supported in the roles they play in reintegration.The processes of DDR take place in such a wide variety of conditions that it would be impossible to discuss each of the circumstance-specific challenges that might arise. This module raises issues that frequently disappear in the planning stages of DDR, and aims to provoke further thinking and debate on the best ways to deal with the varied needs of people \u2014 male and female, old and young, healthy and unwell \u2014 in armed groups and forces, and those of the communities to which they return after war.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1165, "Sentence":"The resolution begins with the recognition that women\u2019s visibility, both in national and regional instruments and in bi- and multilateral organizations, is vital.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR resolution begin recognition woman \u2019 visibility national regional instrument bi multilateral organization vital ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Women are increasingly involved in combat or are associated with armed groups and forces in other roles, work as community peace-builders, and play essential roles in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes. Yet they are almost never included in the planning or implementation of DDR. Since 2000, the United Nations (UN) and all other agencies involved in DDR and other post-conflict reconstruction activities have been in a better position to change this state of affairs by using Security Council resolution 1325, which sets out a clear and practical agenda for measuring the advancement of women in all aspects of peace-building. The resolution begins with the recognition that women\u2019s visibility, both in national and regional instruments and in bi- and multilateral organizations, is vital. It goes on to call for gender awareness in all aspects of peacekeeping initiatives, especially demobi- lization and reintegration, urges women\u2019s informed and active participation in disarmament exercises, and insists on the right of women to carry out their post-conflict reconstruction activities in an environment free from threat, especially of sexualized violence.Even when they are not involved with armed forces and groups themselves, women are strongly affected by decisions made during the demobilization of men. Furthermore, it is impossible to tackle the problems of women\u2019s political, social and economic marginaliza- tion or the high levels of violence against women in conflict and post-conflict zones without paying attention to how men\u2019s experiences and expectations also shape gender relations. This module therefore includes some ideas about how to design DDR processes for men in such a way that they will learn to resolve interpersonal conflicts without using violence to do so, which will increase the security of their families and broader communities.Special note is also made of girl soldiers in this module, because in some parts of the world, a girl who bears a child, no matter how young she is, immediately gains the status of a woman. Care should therefore be taken to understand local interpretations of who is seen as a girl and who a woman soldier.Peace-building, especially in the form of practical disarmament, needs to continue for a long time after formal demobilization and reintegration processes come to an end. This module is therefore intended to assist planners in designing and implementing gender- sensitive short-term goals, and to help in the planning of future-oriented long-term peace support measures. It focuses on practical ways in which both women and girls, and men and boys can be included in the processes of disarmament and demobilization, and be recognized and supported in the roles they play in reintegration.The processes of DDR take place in such a wide variety of conditions that it would be impossible to discuss each of the circumstance-specific challenges that might arise. This module raises issues that frequently disappear in the planning stages of DDR, and aims to provoke further thinking and debate on the best ways to deal with the varied needs of people \u2014 male and female, old and young, healthy and unwell \u2014 in armed groups and forces, and those of the communities to which they return after war.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1165, "Sentence":"It goes on to call for gender awareness in all aspects of peacekeeping initiatives, especially demobi- lization and reintegration, urges women\u2019s informed and active participation in disarmament exercises, and insists on the right of women to carry out their post-conflict reconstruction activities in an environment free from threat, especially of sexualized violence.Even when they are not involved with armed forces and groups themselves, women are strongly affected by decisions made during the demobilization of men.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR go call gender awareness aspect peacekeeping initiative especially demobi lization reintegration urge woman \u2019 informed active participation disarmament exercise insists right woman carry postconflict reconstruction activity environment free threat especially sexualized violence.even involved armed force group woman strongly affected decision made demobilization men ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Women are increasingly involved in combat or are associated with armed groups and forces in other roles, work as community peace-builders, and play essential roles in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes. Yet they are almost never included in the planning or implementation of DDR. Since 2000, the United Nations (UN) and all other agencies involved in DDR and other post-conflict reconstruction activities have been in a better position to change this state of affairs by using Security Council resolution 1325, which sets out a clear and practical agenda for measuring the advancement of women in all aspects of peace-building. The resolution begins with the recognition that women\u2019s visibility, both in national and regional instruments and in bi- and multilateral organizations, is vital. It goes on to call for gender awareness in all aspects of peacekeeping initiatives, especially demobi- lization and reintegration, urges women\u2019s informed and active participation in disarmament exercises, and insists on the right of women to carry out their post-conflict reconstruction activities in an environment free from threat, especially of sexualized violence.Even when they are not involved with armed forces and groups themselves, women are strongly affected by decisions made during the demobilization of men. Furthermore, it is impossible to tackle the problems of women\u2019s political, social and economic marginaliza- tion or the high levels of violence against women in conflict and post-conflict zones without paying attention to how men\u2019s experiences and expectations also shape gender relations. This module therefore includes some ideas about how to design DDR processes for men in such a way that they will learn to resolve interpersonal conflicts without using violence to do so, which will increase the security of their families and broader communities.Special note is also made of girl soldiers in this module, because in some parts of the world, a girl who bears a child, no matter how young she is, immediately gains the status of a woman. Care should therefore be taken to understand local interpretations of who is seen as a girl and who a woman soldier.Peace-building, especially in the form of practical disarmament, needs to continue for a long time after formal demobilization and reintegration processes come to an end. This module is therefore intended to assist planners in designing and implementing gender- sensitive short-term goals, and to help in the planning of future-oriented long-term peace support measures. It focuses on practical ways in which both women and girls, and men and boys can be included in the processes of disarmament and demobilization, and be recognized and supported in the roles they play in reintegration.The processes of DDR take place in such a wide variety of conditions that it would be impossible to discuss each of the circumstance-specific challenges that might arise. This module raises issues that frequently disappear in the planning stages of DDR, and aims to provoke further thinking and debate on the best ways to deal with the varied needs of people \u2014 male and female, old and young, healthy and unwell \u2014 in armed groups and forces, and those of the communities to which they return after war.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1165, "Sentence":"Furthermore, it is impossible to tackle the problems of women\u2019s political, social and economic marginaliza- tion or the high levels of violence against women in conflict and post-conflict zones without paying attention to how men\u2019s experiences and expectations also shape gender relations.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR furthermore impossible tackle problem woman \u2019 political social economic marginaliza tion high level violence woman conflict postconflict zone without paying attention men \u2019 experience expectation also shape gender relation ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Women are increasingly involved in combat or are associated with armed groups and forces in other roles, work as community peace-builders, and play essential roles in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes. Yet they are almost never included in the planning or implementation of DDR. Since 2000, the United Nations (UN) and all other agencies involved in DDR and other post-conflict reconstruction activities have been in a better position to change this state of affairs by using Security Council resolution 1325, which sets out a clear and practical agenda for measuring the advancement of women in all aspects of peace-building. The resolution begins with the recognition that women\u2019s visibility, both in national and regional instruments and in bi- and multilateral organizations, is vital. It goes on to call for gender awareness in all aspects of peacekeeping initiatives, especially demobi- lization and reintegration, urges women\u2019s informed and active participation in disarmament exercises, and insists on the right of women to carry out their post-conflict reconstruction activities in an environment free from threat, especially of sexualized violence.Even when they are not involved with armed forces and groups themselves, women are strongly affected by decisions made during the demobilization of men. Furthermore, it is impossible to tackle the problems of women\u2019s political, social and economic marginaliza- tion or the high levels of violence against women in conflict and post-conflict zones without paying attention to how men\u2019s experiences and expectations also shape gender relations. This module therefore includes some ideas about how to design DDR processes for men in such a way that they will learn to resolve interpersonal conflicts without using violence to do so, which will increase the security of their families and broader communities.Special note is also made of girl soldiers in this module, because in some parts of the world, a girl who bears a child, no matter how young she is, immediately gains the status of a woman. Care should therefore be taken to understand local interpretations of who is seen as a girl and who a woman soldier.Peace-building, especially in the form of practical disarmament, needs to continue for a long time after formal demobilization and reintegration processes come to an end. This module is therefore intended to assist planners in designing and implementing gender- sensitive short-term goals, and to help in the planning of future-oriented long-term peace support measures. It focuses on practical ways in which both women and girls, and men and boys can be included in the processes of disarmament and demobilization, and be recognized and supported in the roles they play in reintegration.The processes of DDR take place in such a wide variety of conditions that it would be impossible to discuss each of the circumstance-specific challenges that might arise. This module raises issues that frequently disappear in the planning stages of DDR, and aims to provoke further thinking and debate on the best ways to deal with the varied needs of people \u2014 male and female, old and young, healthy and unwell \u2014 in armed groups and forces, and those of the communities to which they return after war.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1165, "Sentence":"This module therefore includes some ideas about how to design DDR processes for men in such a way that they will learn to resolve interpersonal conflicts without using violence to do so, which will increase the security of their families and broader communities.Special note is also made of girl soldiers in this module, because in some parts of the world, a girl who bears a child, no matter how young she is, immediately gains the status of a woman.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR module therefore includes idea design ddr process men way learn resolve interpersonal conflict without using violence increase security family broader communities.special note also made girl soldier module part world girl bear child matter young immediately gain status woman ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Women are increasingly involved in combat or are associated with armed groups and forces in other roles, work as community peace-builders, and play essential roles in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes. Yet they are almost never included in the planning or implementation of DDR. Since 2000, the United Nations (UN) and all other agencies involved in DDR and other post-conflict reconstruction activities have been in a better position to change this state of affairs by using Security Council resolution 1325, which sets out a clear and practical agenda for measuring the advancement of women in all aspects of peace-building. The resolution begins with the recognition that women\u2019s visibility, both in national and regional instruments and in bi- and multilateral organizations, is vital. It goes on to call for gender awareness in all aspects of peacekeeping initiatives, especially demobi- lization and reintegration, urges women\u2019s informed and active participation in disarmament exercises, and insists on the right of women to carry out their post-conflict reconstruction activities in an environment free from threat, especially of sexualized violence.Even when they are not involved with armed forces and groups themselves, women are strongly affected by decisions made during the demobilization of men. Furthermore, it is impossible to tackle the problems of women\u2019s political, social and economic marginaliza- tion or the high levels of violence against women in conflict and post-conflict zones without paying attention to how men\u2019s experiences and expectations also shape gender relations. This module therefore includes some ideas about how to design DDR processes for men in such a way that they will learn to resolve interpersonal conflicts without using violence to do so, which will increase the security of their families and broader communities.Special note is also made of girl soldiers in this module, because in some parts of the world, a girl who bears a child, no matter how young she is, immediately gains the status of a woman. Care should therefore be taken to understand local interpretations of who is seen as a girl and who a woman soldier.Peace-building, especially in the form of practical disarmament, needs to continue for a long time after formal demobilization and reintegration processes come to an end. This module is therefore intended to assist planners in designing and implementing gender- sensitive short-term goals, and to help in the planning of future-oriented long-term peace support measures. It focuses on practical ways in which both women and girls, and men and boys can be included in the processes of disarmament and demobilization, and be recognized and supported in the roles they play in reintegration.The processes of DDR take place in such a wide variety of conditions that it would be impossible to discuss each of the circumstance-specific challenges that might arise. This module raises issues that frequently disappear in the planning stages of DDR, and aims to provoke further thinking and debate on the best ways to deal with the varied needs of people \u2014 male and female, old and young, healthy and unwell \u2014 in armed groups and forces, and those of the communities to which they return after war.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1165, "Sentence":"Care should therefore be taken to understand local interpretations of who is seen as a girl and who a woman soldier.Peace-building, especially in the form of practical disarmament, needs to continue for a long time after formal demobilization and reintegration processes come to an end.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR care therefore taken understand local interpretation seen girl woman soldier.peacebuilding especially form practical disarmament need continue long time formal demobilization reintegration process come end ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Women are increasingly involved in combat or are associated with armed groups and forces in other roles, work as community peace-builders, and play essential roles in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes. Yet they are almost never included in the planning or implementation of DDR. Since 2000, the United Nations (UN) and all other agencies involved in DDR and other post-conflict reconstruction activities have been in a better position to change this state of affairs by using Security Council resolution 1325, which sets out a clear and practical agenda for measuring the advancement of women in all aspects of peace-building. The resolution begins with the recognition that women\u2019s visibility, both in national and regional instruments and in bi- and multilateral organizations, is vital. It goes on to call for gender awareness in all aspects of peacekeeping initiatives, especially demobi- lization and reintegration, urges women\u2019s informed and active participation in disarmament exercises, and insists on the right of women to carry out their post-conflict reconstruction activities in an environment free from threat, especially of sexualized violence.Even when they are not involved with armed forces and groups themselves, women are strongly affected by decisions made during the demobilization of men. Furthermore, it is impossible to tackle the problems of women\u2019s political, social and economic marginaliza- tion or the high levels of violence against women in conflict and post-conflict zones without paying attention to how men\u2019s experiences and expectations also shape gender relations. This module therefore includes some ideas about how to design DDR processes for men in such a way that they will learn to resolve interpersonal conflicts without using violence to do so, which will increase the security of their families and broader communities.Special note is also made of girl soldiers in this module, because in some parts of the world, a girl who bears a child, no matter how young she is, immediately gains the status of a woman. Care should therefore be taken to understand local interpretations of who is seen as a girl and who a woman soldier.Peace-building, especially in the form of practical disarmament, needs to continue for a long time after formal demobilization and reintegration processes come to an end. This module is therefore intended to assist planners in designing and implementing gender- sensitive short-term goals, and to help in the planning of future-oriented long-term peace support measures. It focuses on practical ways in which both women and girls, and men and boys can be included in the processes of disarmament and demobilization, and be recognized and supported in the roles they play in reintegration.The processes of DDR take place in such a wide variety of conditions that it would be impossible to discuss each of the circumstance-specific challenges that might arise. This module raises issues that frequently disappear in the planning stages of DDR, and aims to provoke further thinking and debate on the best ways to deal with the varied needs of people \u2014 male and female, old and young, healthy and unwell \u2014 in armed groups and forces, and those of the communities to which they return after war.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1165, "Sentence":"This module is therefore intended to assist planners in designing and implementing gender- sensitive short-term goals, and to help in the planning of future-oriented long-term peace support measures.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR module therefore intended assist planner designing implementing gender sensitive shortterm goal help planning futureoriented longterm peace support measure ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Women are increasingly involved in combat or are associated with armed groups and forces in other roles, work as community peace-builders, and play essential roles in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes. Yet they are almost never included in the planning or implementation of DDR. Since 2000, the United Nations (UN) and all other agencies involved in DDR and other post-conflict reconstruction activities have been in a better position to change this state of affairs by using Security Council resolution 1325, which sets out a clear and practical agenda for measuring the advancement of women in all aspects of peace-building. The resolution begins with the recognition that women\u2019s visibility, both in national and regional instruments and in bi- and multilateral organizations, is vital. It goes on to call for gender awareness in all aspects of peacekeeping initiatives, especially demobi- lization and reintegration, urges women\u2019s informed and active participation in disarmament exercises, and insists on the right of women to carry out their post-conflict reconstruction activities in an environment free from threat, especially of sexualized violence.Even when they are not involved with armed forces and groups themselves, women are strongly affected by decisions made during the demobilization of men. Furthermore, it is impossible to tackle the problems of women\u2019s political, social and economic marginaliza- tion or the high levels of violence against women in conflict and post-conflict zones without paying attention to how men\u2019s experiences and expectations also shape gender relations. This module therefore includes some ideas about how to design DDR processes for men in such a way that they will learn to resolve interpersonal conflicts without using violence to do so, which will increase the security of their families and broader communities.Special note is also made of girl soldiers in this module, because in some parts of the world, a girl who bears a child, no matter how young she is, immediately gains the status of a woman. Care should therefore be taken to understand local interpretations of who is seen as a girl and who a woman soldier.Peace-building, especially in the form of practical disarmament, needs to continue for a long time after formal demobilization and reintegration processes come to an end. This module is therefore intended to assist planners in designing and implementing gender- sensitive short-term goals, and to help in the planning of future-oriented long-term peace support measures. It focuses on practical ways in which both women and girls, and men and boys can be included in the processes of disarmament and demobilization, and be recognized and supported in the roles they play in reintegration.The processes of DDR take place in such a wide variety of conditions that it would be impossible to discuss each of the circumstance-specific challenges that might arise. This module raises issues that frequently disappear in the planning stages of DDR, and aims to provoke further thinking and debate on the best ways to deal with the varied needs of people \u2014 male and female, old and young, healthy and unwell \u2014 in armed groups and forces, and those of the communities to which they return after war.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1165, "Sentence":"It focuses on practical ways in which both women and girls, and men and boys can be included in the processes of disarmament and demobilization, and be recognized and supported in the roles they play in reintegration.The processes of DDR take place in such a wide variety of conditions that it would be impossible to discuss each of the circumstance-specific challenges that might arise.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR focus practical way woman girl men boy included process disarmament demobilization recognized supported role play reintegration.the process ddr take place wide variety condition would impossible discus circumstancespecific challenge might arise ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Women are increasingly involved in combat or are associated with armed groups and forces in other roles, work as community peace-builders, and play essential roles in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes. Yet they are almost never included in the planning or implementation of DDR. Since 2000, the United Nations (UN) and all other agencies involved in DDR and other post-conflict reconstruction activities have been in a better position to change this state of affairs by using Security Council resolution 1325, which sets out a clear and practical agenda for measuring the advancement of women in all aspects of peace-building. The resolution begins with the recognition that women\u2019s visibility, both in national and regional instruments and in bi- and multilateral organizations, is vital. It goes on to call for gender awareness in all aspects of peacekeeping initiatives, especially demobi- lization and reintegration, urges women\u2019s informed and active participation in disarmament exercises, and insists on the right of women to carry out their post-conflict reconstruction activities in an environment free from threat, especially of sexualized violence.Even when they are not involved with armed forces and groups themselves, women are strongly affected by decisions made during the demobilization of men. Furthermore, it is impossible to tackle the problems of women\u2019s political, social and economic marginaliza- tion or the high levels of violence against women in conflict and post-conflict zones without paying attention to how men\u2019s experiences and expectations also shape gender relations. This module therefore includes some ideas about how to design DDR processes for men in such a way that they will learn to resolve interpersonal conflicts without using violence to do so, which will increase the security of their families and broader communities.Special note is also made of girl soldiers in this module, because in some parts of the world, a girl who bears a child, no matter how young she is, immediately gains the status of a woman. Care should therefore be taken to understand local interpretations of who is seen as a girl and who a woman soldier.Peace-building, especially in the form of practical disarmament, needs to continue for a long time after formal demobilization and reintegration processes come to an end. This module is therefore intended to assist planners in designing and implementing gender- sensitive short-term goals, and to help in the planning of future-oriented long-term peace support measures. It focuses on practical ways in which both women and girls, and men and boys can be included in the processes of disarmament and demobilization, and be recognized and supported in the roles they play in reintegration.The processes of DDR take place in such a wide variety of conditions that it would be impossible to discuss each of the circumstance-specific challenges that might arise. This module raises issues that frequently disappear in the planning stages of DDR, and aims to provoke further thinking and debate on the best ways to deal with the varied needs of people \u2014 male and female, old and young, healthy and unwell \u2014 in armed groups and forces, and those of the communities to which they return after war.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1165, "Sentence":"This module raises issues that frequently disappear in the planning stages of DDR, and aims to provoke further thinking and debate on the best ways to deal with the varied needs of people \u2014 male and female, old and young, healthy and unwell \u2014 in armed groups and forces, and those of the communities to which they return after war.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR module raise issue frequently disappear planning stage ddr aim provoke thinking debate best way deal varied need people \u2014 male female old young healthy unwell \u2014 armed group force community return war ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module provides policy guidance on the gender aspects of the various stages in a DDR process, and outlines gender-aware interventions and female-specific actions that should be carried out in order to make sure that DDR programmes are sustainable and equitable. The module is also designed to give guidance on mainstreaming gender into all DDR poli- cies and programmes to create gender-responsive DDR programmes. As gender roles and relations are by definition constructed in a specific cultural, geographic and communal con- text, the guidance offered is intended to be applied with sensitivity to and understanding of the context in which a DDR process is taking place. However, all UN and bilateral policies and programmes should comply with internationally agreed norms and standards, such as Security Council resolution 1325, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrim- ination Against Women and the Beijing Platform for Action.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1166, "Sentence":"This module provides policy guidance on the gender aspects of the various stages in a DDR process, and outlines gender-aware interventions and female-specific actions that should be carried out in order to make sure that DDR programmes are sustainable and equitable.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR module provides policy guidance gender aspect various stage ddr process outline genderaware intervention femalespecific action carried order make sure ddr programme sustainable equitable ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module provides policy guidance on the gender aspects of the various stages in a DDR process, and outlines gender-aware interventions and female-specific actions that should be carried out in order to make sure that DDR programmes are sustainable and equitable. The module is also designed to give guidance on mainstreaming gender into all DDR poli- cies and programmes to create gender-responsive DDR programmes. As gender roles and relations are by definition constructed in a specific cultural, geographic and communal con- text, the guidance offered is intended to be applied with sensitivity to and understanding of the context in which a DDR process is taking place. However, all UN and bilateral policies and programmes should comply with internationally agreed norms and standards, such as Security Council resolution 1325, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrim- ination Against Women and the Beijing Platform for Action.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1166, "Sentence":"The module is also designed to give guidance on mainstreaming gender into all DDR poli- cies and programmes to create gender-responsive DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR module also designed give guidance mainstreaming gender ddr poli cies programme create genderresponsive ddr programme ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module provides policy guidance on the gender aspects of the various stages in a DDR process, and outlines gender-aware interventions and female-specific actions that should be carried out in order to make sure that DDR programmes are sustainable and equitable. The module is also designed to give guidance on mainstreaming gender into all DDR poli- cies and programmes to create gender-responsive DDR programmes. As gender roles and relations are by definition constructed in a specific cultural, geographic and communal con- text, the guidance offered is intended to be applied with sensitivity to and understanding of the context in which a DDR process is taking place. However, all UN and bilateral policies and programmes should comply with internationally agreed norms and standards, such as Security Council resolution 1325, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrim- ination Against Women and the Beijing Platform for Action.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1166, "Sentence":"As gender roles and relations are by definition constructed in a specific cultural, geographic and communal con- text, the guidance offered is intended to be applied with sensitivity to and understanding of the context in which a DDR process is taking place.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR gender role relation definition constructed specific cultural geographic communal con text guidance offered intended applied sensitivity understanding context ddr process taking place ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module provides policy guidance on the gender aspects of the various stages in a DDR process, and outlines gender-aware interventions and female-specific actions that should be carried out in order to make sure that DDR programmes are sustainable and equitable. The module is also designed to give guidance on mainstreaming gender into all DDR poli- cies and programmes to create gender-responsive DDR programmes. As gender roles and relations are by definition constructed in a specific cultural, geographic and communal con- text, the guidance offered is intended to be applied with sensitivity to and understanding of the context in which a DDR process is taking place. However, all UN and bilateral policies and programmes should comply with internationally agreed norms and standards, such as Security Council resolution 1325, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrim- ination Against Women and the Beijing Platform for Action.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1166, "Sentence":"However, all UN and bilateral policies and programmes should comply with internationally agreed norms and standards, such as Security Council resolution 1325, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrim- ination Against Women and the Beijing Platform for Action.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR however un bilateral policy programme comply internationally agreed norm standard security council resolution 1325 convention elimination form discrim ination woman beijing platform action ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com- plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicated requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1167, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR annex contains list term definition abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com- plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicated requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1167, "Sentence":"A com- plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR com plete glossary term definition abbreviation used series integrated ddr standard iddrs given iddrs 1.20.in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com- plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicated requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1167, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicated requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR use consistent language used international organization standardization standard guideline n \u201c \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicated requirement method specification applied order conform standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com- plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicated requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1167, "Sentence":"\\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com- plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicated requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1167, "Sentence":"\\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action . \u201d" }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR. The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict. Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed. The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start. Women take on a variety of roles during wartime. For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war. These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR. Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built. It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers. Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes. Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities. Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess. It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes. Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period. It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly. Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security. Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs. However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery. This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1168, "Sentence":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR generally assumed armed men primary threat postconflict security therefore main focus ddr ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR. The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict. Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed. The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start. Women take on a variety of roles during wartime. For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war. These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR. Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built. It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers. Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes. Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities. Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess. It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes. Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period. It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly. Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security. Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs. However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery. This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1168, "Sentence":"The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR picture usually complex although male adult youth boy may obviously take part conflict make largest number combatant female adult youth girl also likely involved violence may participated every aspect conflict ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR. The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict. Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed. The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start. Women take on a variety of roles during wartime. For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war. These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR. Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built. It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers. Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes. Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities. Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess. It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes. Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period. It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly. Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security. Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs. However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery. This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1168, "Sentence":"Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR despite stereotypical belief woman girl peacemaker also contribute ongoing insecurity violence wartime war come end.the work carried woman girl combatant woman girl asso ciated armed force group nonfighting role may difficult measure effort made ass contribution accurately possible ddr programme designed ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR. The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict. Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed. The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start. Women take on a variety of roles during wartime. For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war. These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR. Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built. It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers. Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes. Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities. Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess. It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes. Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period. It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly. Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security. Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs. However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery. This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1168, "Sentence":"The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR involvement woman security sector reform ssr pro ce accompany follow ddr also deliberately planned start ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR. The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict. Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed. The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start. Women take on a variety of roles during wartime. For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war. These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR. Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built. It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers. Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes. Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities. Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess. It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes. Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period. It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly. Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security. Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs. However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery. This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1168, "Sentence":"Women take on a variety of roles during wartime.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman take variety role wartime ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR. The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict. Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed. The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start. Women take on a variety of roles during wartime. For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war. These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR. Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built. It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers. Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes. Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities. Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess. It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes. Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period. It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly. Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security. Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs. However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery. This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1168, "Sentence":"For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR example many may fight brief period return community carry form work contri bute war ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR. The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict. Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed. The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start. Women take on a variety of roles during wartime. For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war. These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR. Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built. It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers. Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes. Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities. Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess. It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes. Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period. It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly. Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security. Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs. However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery. This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1168, "Sentence":"These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman reintegrated unlikely present ddr ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR. The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict. Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed. The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start. Women take on a variety of roles during wartime. For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war. These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR. Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built. It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers. Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes. Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities. Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess. It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes. Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period. It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly. Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security. Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs. However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery. This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1168, "Sentence":"Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR encouraged since resource allocated ddr limited intended create founda tion stability longerterm peace ssr built ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR. The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict. Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed. The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start. Women take on a variety of roles during wartime. For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war. These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR. Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built. It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers. Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes. Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities. Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess. It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes. Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period. It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly. Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security. Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs. However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery. This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1168, "Sentence":"It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR therefore appro priate reconstruction period focus resource woman men still active fighter potential spoiler ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR. The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict. Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed. The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start. Women take on a variety of roles during wartime. For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war. These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR. Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built. It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers. Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes. Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities. Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess. It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes. Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period. It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly. Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security. Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs. However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery. This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1168, "Sentence":"Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman already rejoined community however important asset rein tegration period including playingexpanded role security sector effort made include view designing reintegration process ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR. The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict. Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed. The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start. Women take on a variety of roles during wartime. For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war. These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR. Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built. It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers. Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes. Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities. Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess. It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes. Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period. It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly. Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security. Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs. However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery. This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1168, "Sentence":"Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR experience may significantly help commu nities work reintegrating former fighter especially able help bring reconciliation assist making community safer.it important remember woman present every part society touched ddr \u2014 armed group force receiving community ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR. The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict. Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed. The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start. Women take on a variety of roles during wartime. For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war. These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR. Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built. It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers. Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes. Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities. Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess. It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes. Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period. It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly. Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security. Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs. However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery. This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1168, "Sentence":"Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR exclusionary power struc tures including backlash woman entering political economic security structure postconflict period may make contribution difficult ass ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR. The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict. Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed. The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start. Women take on a variety of roles during wartime. For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war. These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR. Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built. It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers. Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes. Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities. Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess. It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes. Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period. It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly. Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security. Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs. However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery. This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1168, "Sentence":"It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR therefore responsibility ddr planner work female representative woman \u2019 group make difficult male leader exclude woman form ulation implementation ddr process ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR. The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict. Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed. The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start. Women take on a variety of roles during wartime. For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war. These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR. Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built. It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers. Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes. Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities. Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess. It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes. Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period. It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly. Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security. Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs. However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery. This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1168, "Sentence":"Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR planner ssr also pay attention woman resource base improving aspect human security postconflict period ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR. The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict. Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed. The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start. Women take on a variety of roles during wartime. For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war. These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR. Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built. It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers. Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes. Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities. Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess. It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes. Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period. It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly. Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security. Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs. However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery. This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1168, "Sentence":"It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR especially important lose experience public standing acquired woman played peacebuilding role conflict period served armed group force learning skill usefully turned community service reconstruction period.ultimately ddr lead sustainable transition military civilian rule therefore militarized civilian structure society broadly ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR. The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict. Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed. The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start. Women take on a variety of roles during wartime. For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war. These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR. Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built. It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers. Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes. Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities. Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess. It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes. Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period. It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly. Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security. Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs. However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery. This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1168, "Sentence":"Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR since woman make least half adult population postconflict situation may head 75 percent household involvement woman ddr ssr important factor achieving effective sustainable security ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR. The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict. Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed. The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start. Women take on a variety of roles during wartime. For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war. These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR. Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built. It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers. Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes. Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities. Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess. It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes. Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period. It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly. Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security. Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs. However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery. This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1168, "Sentence":"Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR furthermore main caregiver culture woman girl shoulder fair share burden social reintegration male female excombatants especially sick traumatized injured hivpositive underaged.dealing need harnessing different capacity potential men woman boy girl former fighter supporter dependant improve success challenging longterm transformation process ddr well providing firm foundation reconstruction security sector meet peacetime need ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR. The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict. Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed. The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start. Women take on a variety of roles during wartime. For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war. These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR. Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built. It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers. Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes. Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities. Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess. It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes. Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period. It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly. Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security. Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs. However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery. This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1168, "Sentence":"However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR however even five year since passing security council resolution 1325 2000 woman peace security gender still fully taken account ddr plan ning delivery ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Generally, it is assumed that armed men are the primary threat to post-conflict security and that they should therefore be the main focus of DDR. The picture is usually more complex than this: although males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females (adults, youth and girls) are also likely to have been involved in violence, and may have participated in every aspect of the conflict. Despite stereotypical beliefs, women and girls are not peacemakers only, but can also contribute to ongoing insecurity and violence during wartime and when wars come to an end.The work carried out by women and girl combatants and other women and girls asso- ciated with armed forces and groups in non-fighting roles may be difficult to measure, but efforts should be made to assess their contribution as accurately as possible when a DDR programme is designed. The involvement of women in the security sector reform (SSR) pro- cesses that accompany and follow DDR should also be deliberately planned from the start. Women take on a variety of roles during wartime. For example, many may fight for brief periods and then return to their communities to carry out other forms of work that contri- bute to the war. These women will have reintegrated and are unlikely to present themselves for DDR. Nor should they be encouraged to do so, since the resources allocated for DDR are limited and intended to create a founda- tion of stability on which longer-term peace and SSR can be built. It is therefore appro- priate, in the reconstruction period, to focus resources on women and men who are still active fighters and potential spoilers. Women who have already rejoined their communities can, however, be an important asset in the rein- tegration period, including through playingexpanded roles in the security sector, and efforts should be made to include their views when designing reintegration processes. Their experiences may significantly help commu- nities with the work of reintegrating former fighters, especially when they are able to help bring about reconciliation and assist in making communities safer.It is important to remember that women are present in every part of a society touched by DDR \u2014 from armed groups and forces to receiving communities. Exclusionary power struc- tures, including a backlash against women entering into political, economic and security structures in a post-conflict period, may make their contributions difficult to assess. It is therefore the responsibility of all DDR planners to work with female representatives and women\u2019s groups, and to make it difficult for male leaders to exclude women from the form- ulation and implementation of DDR processes. Planners of SSR should also pay attention to women as a resource base for improving all aspects of human security in the post-conflict period. It is especially important not to lose the experiences and public standing acquired by those women who played peace-building roles in the conflict period, or who served in an armed group or force, learning skills that can usefully be turned to community service in the reconstruction period.Ultimately, DDR should lead to a sustainable transition from military to civilian rule, and therefore from militarized to civilian structures in the society more broadly. Since women make up at least half the adult population, and in post-conflict situations may head up to 75 percent of all households, the involvement of women in DDR and SSR is the most important factor in achieving effective and sustainable security. Furthermore, as the main caregivers in most cultures, women and girls shoulder more than their fair share of the burden for the social reintegration of male and female ex-combatants, especially the sick, traumatized, injured, HIV-positive and under-aged.Dealing with the needs and harnessing the different capacities and potential of men, women, boy and girl former fighters; their supporters; and their dependants will improve the success of the challenging and long-term transformation process that is DDR, as well as providing a firm foundation for the reconstruction of the security sector to meet peacetime needs. However, even five years since the passing of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women and Peace and Security, gender is still not fully taken into account in DDR plan- ning and delivery. This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1168, "Sentence":"This module shows policy makers and practitioners how to replace this with a routine consideration of the different needs and capacities of the women and men involved in DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR module show policy maker practitioner replace routine consideration different need capacity woman men involved ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Up till now, DDR efforts have concerned themselves mainly with the disarmament, demo- bilization and reintegration of male combatants. This approach fails to deal with the fact that women can also be armed combatants, and that they may have different needs from their male counterparts. Nor does it deal with the fact that women play essential roles in maintaining and enabling armed forces and groups, in both forced and voluntary capacities. A narrow definition of who qualifies as a \u2018combatant\u2019 came about because DDR focuses on neutralizing the most potentially dangerous members of a society (and because of limits imposed by the size of the DDR budget); but leaving women out of the process underesti- mates the extent to which sustainable peace-building and security require them to participate equally in social transformation.In UN-supported DDR, the following principles of gender equality are applied: \\n Non-discrimination, and fair and equitable treatment: In practice, this means that no group is to be given special status or treatment within a DDR programme, and that indivi- duals should not be discriminated against on the basis of gender, age, race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, political opinion, or other personal characteristics or associa- tions. This is particularly important when establishing eligibility criteria for entry into DDR programmes (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament); \\n Gender equality and women\u2019s participation: Encouraging gender equality as a core principle of UN-supported DDR programmes means recognizing and supporting the equal rights of women and men, and girls and boys in the DDR process. The different experiences, roles and responsibilities of each of them during and after conflict should be recognized and reflected in the design and implementation of DDR programmes; \\n Respect for human rights: DDR programmes should support ways of preventing reprisal or discrimination against, or stigmatization of those who participate. The rights of the community should also be protected and upheld.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1169, "Sentence":"Up till now, DDR efforts have concerned themselves mainly with the disarmament, demo- bilization and reintegration of male combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR till ddr effort concerned mainly disarmament demo bilization reintegration male combatant ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Up till now, DDR efforts have concerned themselves mainly with the disarmament, demo- bilization and reintegration of male combatants. This approach fails to deal with the fact that women can also be armed combatants, and that they may have different needs from their male counterparts. Nor does it deal with the fact that women play essential roles in maintaining and enabling armed forces and groups, in both forced and voluntary capacities. A narrow definition of who qualifies as a \u2018combatant\u2019 came about because DDR focuses on neutralizing the most potentially dangerous members of a society (and because of limits imposed by the size of the DDR budget); but leaving women out of the process underesti- mates the extent to which sustainable peace-building and security require them to participate equally in social transformation.In UN-supported DDR, the following principles of gender equality are applied: \\n Non-discrimination, and fair and equitable treatment: In practice, this means that no group is to be given special status or treatment within a DDR programme, and that indivi- duals should not be discriminated against on the basis of gender, age, race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, political opinion, or other personal characteristics or associa- tions. This is particularly important when establishing eligibility criteria for entry into DDR programmes (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament); \\n Gender equality and women\u2019s participation: Encouraging gender equality as a core principle of UN-supported DDR programmes means recognizing and supporting the equal rights of women and men, and girls and boys in the DDR process. The different experiences, roles and responsibilities of each of them during and after conflict should be recognized and reflected in the design and implementation of DDR programmes; \\n Respect for human rights: DDR programmes should support ways of preventing reprisal or discrimination against, or stigmatization of those who participate. The rights of the community should also be protected and upheld.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1169, "Sentence":"This approach fails to deal with the fact that women can also be armed combatants, and that they may have different needs from their male counterparts.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR approach fails deal fact woman also armed combatant may different need male counterpart ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Up till now, DDR efforts have concerned themselves mainly with the disarmament, demo- bilization and reintegration of male combatants. This approach fails to deal with the fact that women can also be armed combatants, and that they may have different needs from their male counterparts. Nor does it deal with the fact that women play essential roles in maintaining and enabling armed forces and groups, in both forced and voluntary capacities. A narrow definition of who qualifies as a \u2018combatant\u2019 came about because DDR focuses on neutralizing the most potentially dangerous members of a society (and because of limits imposed by the size of the DDR budget); but leaving women out of the process underesti- mates the extent to which sustainable peace-building and security require them to participate equally in social transformation.In UN-supported DDR, the following principles of gender equality are applied: \\n Non-discrimination, and fair and equitable treatment: In practice, this means that no group is to be given special status or treatment within a DDR programme, and that indivi- duals should not be discriminated against on the basis of gender, age, race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, political opinion, or other personal characteristics or associa- tions. This is particularly important when establishing eligibility criteria for entry into DDR programmes (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament); \\n Gender equality and women\u2019s participation: Encouraging gender equality as a core principle of UN-supported DDR programmes means recognizing and supporting the equal rights of women and men, and girls and boys in the DDR process. The different experiences, roles and responsibilities of each of them during and after conflict should be recognized and reflected in the design and implementation of DDR programmes; \\n Respect for human rights: DDR programmes should support ways of preventing reprisal or discrimination against, or stigmatization of those who participate. The rights of the community should also be protected and upheld.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1169, "Sentence":"Nor does it deal with the fact that women play essential roles in maintaining and enabling armed forces and groups, in both forced and voluntary capacities.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR deal fact woman play essential role maintaining enabling armed force group forced voluntary capacity ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Up till now, DDR efforts have concerned themselves mainly with the disarmament, demo- bilization and reintegration of male combatants. This approach fails to deal with the fact that women can also be armed combatants, and that they may have different needs from their male counterparts. Nor does it deal with the fact that women play essential roles in maintaining and enabling armed forces and groups, in both forced and voluntary capacities. A narrow definition of who qualifies as a \u2018combatant\u2019 came about because DDR focuses on neutralizing the most potentially dangerous members of a society (and because of limits imposed by the size of the DDR budget); but leaving women out of the process underesti- mates the extent to which sustainable peace-building and security require them to participate equally in social transformation.In UN-supported DDR, the following principles of gender equality are applied: \\n Non-discrimination, and fair and equitable treatment: In practice, this means that no group is to be given special status or treatment within a DDR programme, and that indivi- duals should not be discriminated against on the basis of gender, age, race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, political opinion, or other personal characteristics or associa- tions. This is particularly important when establishing eligibility criteria for entry into DDR programmes (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament); \\n Gender equality and women\u2019s participation: Encouraging gender equality as a core principle of UN-supported DDR programmes means recognizing and supporting the equal rights of women and men, and girls and boys in the DDR process. The different experiences, roles and responsibilities of each of them during and after conflict should be recognized and reflected in the design and implementation of DDR programmes; \\n Respect for human rights: DDR programmes should support ways of preventing reprisal or discrimination against, or stigmatization of those who participate. The rights of the community should also be protected and upheld.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1169, "Sentence":"A narrow definition of who qualifies as a \u2018combatant\u2019 came about because DDR focuses on neutralizing the most potentially dangerous members of a society (and because of limits imposed by the size of the DDR budget); but leaving women out of the process underesti- mates the extent to which sustainable peace-building and security require them to participate equally in social transformation.In UN-supported DDR, the following principles of gender equality are applied: \\n Non-discrimination, and fair and equitable treatment: In practice, this means that no group is to be given special status or treatment within a DDR programme, and that indivi- duals should not be discriminated against on the basis of gender, age, race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, political opinion, or other personal characteristics or associa- tions.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR narrow definition qualifies \u2018 combatant \u2019 came ddr focus neutralizing potentially dangerous member society limit imposed size ddr budget leaving woman process underesti mate extent sustainable peacebuilding security require participate equally social transformation.in unsupported ddr following principle gender equality applied n nondiscrimination fair equitable treatment practice mean group given special status treatment within ddr programme indivi duals discriminated basis gender age race religion nationality ethnic origin political opinion personal characteristic associa tions ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Up till now, DDR efforts have concerned themselves mainly with the disarmament, demo- bilization and reintegration of male combatants. This approach fails to deal with the fact that women can also be armed combatants, and that they may have different needs from their male counterparts. Nor does it deal with the fact that women play essential roles in maintaining and enabling armed forces and groups, in both forced and voluntary capacities. A narrow definition of who qualifies as a \u2018combatant\u2019 came about because DDR focuses on neutralizing the most potentially dangerous members of a society (and because of limits imposed by the size of the DDR budget); but leaving women out of the process underesti- mates the extent to which sustainable peace-building and security require them to participate equally in social transformation.In UN-supported DDR, the following principles of gender equality are applied: \\n Non-discrimination, and fair and equitable treatment: In practice, this means that no group is to be given special status or treatment within a DDR programme, and that indivi- duals should not be discriminated against on the basis of gender, age, race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, political opinion, or other personal characteristics or associa- tions. This is particularly important when establishing eligibility criteria for entry into DDR programmes (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament); \\n Gender equality and women\u2019s participation: Encouraging gender equality as a core principle of UN-supported DDR programmes means recognizing and supporting the equal rights of women and men, and girls and boys in the DDR process. The different experiences, roles and responsibilities of each of them during and after conflict should be recognized and reflected in the design and implementation of DDR programmes; \\n Respect for human rights: DDR programmes should support ways of preventing reprisal or discrimination against, or stigmatization of those who participate. The rights of the community should also be protected and upheld.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1169, "Sentence":"This is particularly important when establishing eligibility criteria for entry into DDR programmes (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament); \\n Gender equality and women\u2019s participation: Encouraging gender equality as a core principle of UN-supported DDR programmes means recognizing and supporting the equal rights of women and men, and girls and boys in the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR particularly important establishing eligibility criterion entry ddr programme also see iddrs 4.10 disarmament n gender equality woman \u2019 participation encouraging gender equality core principle unsupported ddr programme mean recognizing supporting equal right woman men girl boy ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Up till now, DDR efforts have concerned themselves mainly with the disarmament, demo- bilization and reintegration of male combatants. This approach fails to deal with the fact that women can also be armed combatants, and that they may have different needs from their male counterparts. Nor does it deal with the fact that women play essential roles in maintaining and enabling armed forces and groups, in both forced and voluntary capacities. A narrow definition of who qualifies as a \u2018combatant\u2019 came about because DDR focuses on neutralizing the most potentially dangerous members of a society (and because of limits imposed by the size of the DDR budget); but leaving women out of the process underesti- mates the extent to which sustainable peace-building and security require them to participate equally in social transformation.In UN-supported DDR, the following principles of gender equality are applied: \\n Non-discrimination, and fair and equitable treatment: In practice, this means that no group is to be given special status or treatment within a DDR programme, and that indivi- duals should not be discriminated against on the basis of gender, age, race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, political opinion, or other personal characteristics or associa- tions. This is particularly important when establishing eligibility criteria for entry into DDR programmes (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament); \\n Gender equality and women\u2019s participation: Encouraging gender equality as a core principle of UN-supported DDR programmes means recognizing and supporting the equal rights of women and men, and girls and boys in the DDR process. The different experiences, roles and responsibilities of each of them during and after conflict should be recognized and reflected in the design and implementation of DDR programmes; \\n Respect for human rights: DDR programmes should support ways of preventing reprisal or discrimination against, or stigmatization of those who participate. The rights of the community should also be protected and upheld.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1169, "Sentence":"The different experiences, roles and responsibilities of each of them during and after conflict should be recognized and reflected in the design and implementation of DDR programmes; \\n Respect for human rights: DDR programmes should support ways of preventing reprisal or discrimination against, or stigmatization of those who participate.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR different experience role responsibility conflict recognized reflected design implementation ddr programme n respect human right ddr programme support way preventing reprisal discrimination stigmatization participate ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Up till now, DDR efforts have concerned themselves mainly with the disarmament, demo- bilization and reintegration of male combatants. This approach fails to deal with the fact that women can also be armed combatants, and that they may have different needs from their male counterparts. Nor does it deal with the fact that women play essential roles in maintaining and enabling armed forces and groups, in both forced and voluntary capacities. A narrow definition of who qualifies as a \u2018combatant\u2019 came about because DDR focuses on neutralizing the most potentially dangerous members of a society (and because of limits imposed by the size of the DDR budget); but leaving women out of the process underesti- mates the extent to which sustainable peace-building and security require them to participate equally in social transformation.In UN-supported DDR, the following principles of gender equality are applied: \\n Non-discrimination, and fair and equitable treatment: In practice, this means that no group is to be given special status or treatment within a DDR programme, and that indivi- duals should not be discriminated against on the basis of gender, age, race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, political opinion, or other personal characteristics or associa- tions. This is particularly important when establishing eligibility criteria for entry into DDR programmes (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament); \\n Gender equality and women\u2019s participation: Encouraging gender equality as a core principle of UN-supported DDR programmes means recognizing and supporting the equal rights of women and men, and girls and boys in the DDR process. The different experiences, roles and responsibilities of each of them during and after conflict should be recognized and reflected in the design and implementation of DDR programmes; \\n Respect for human rights: DDR programmes should support ways of preventing reprisal or discrimination against, or stigmatization of those who participate. The rights of the community should also be protected and upheld.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1169, "Sentence":"The rights of the community should also be protected and upheld.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR right community also protected upheld ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. International mandates", "Heading2":"5.1. Security Council resolution 1325", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Security Council resolution 1325 marks an important step towards the recognition of women\u2019s contributions to peace and reconstruction, and draws attention to the particular impact of conflict on women and girls. On DDR, it specifically \u201cencourages all those involved in the planning for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their depen- dants\u201d. Since it was passed, the Council has recalled the principles laid down in resolution 1325 when establishing the DDR-related mandates of several peacekeeping missions, such as the UN Missions in Liberia and Sudan and the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1170, "Sentence":"Security Council resolution 1325 marks an important step towards the recognition of women\u2019s contributions to peace and reconstruction, and draws attention to the particular impact of conflict on women and girls.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR security council resolution 1325 mark important step towards recognition woman \u2019 contribution peace reconstruction draw attention particular impact conflict woman girl ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. International mandates", "Heading2":"5.1. Security Council resolution 1325", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Security Council resolution 1325 marks an important step towards the recognition of women\u2019s contributions to peace and reconstruction, and draws attention to the particular impact of conflict on women and girls. On DDR, it specifically \u201cencourages all those involved in the planning for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their depen- dants\u201d. Since it was passed, the Council has recalled the principles laid down in resolution 1325 when establishing the DDR-related mandates of several peacekeeping missions, such as the UN Missions in Liberia and Sudan and the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1170, "Sentence":"On DDR, it specifically \u201cencourages all those involved in the planning for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their depen- dants\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR ddr specifically \u201c encourages involved planning disarmament demobilization reintegration consider different need female male excombatants take account need depen dants \u201d ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. International mandates", "Heading2":"5.1. Security Council resolution 1325", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Security Council resolution 1325 marks an important step towards the recognition of women\u2019s contributions to peace and reconstruction, and draws attention to the particular impact of conflict on women and girls. On DDR, it specifically \u201cencourages all those involved in the planning for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their depen- dants\u201d. Since it was passed, the Council has recalled the principles laid down in resolution 1325 when establishing the DDR-related mandates of several peacekeeping missions, such as the UN Missions in Liberia and Sudan and the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1170, "Sentence":"Since it was passed, the Council has recalled the principles laid down in resolution 1325 when establishing the DDR-related mandates of several peacekeeping missions, such as the UN Missions in Liberia and Sudan and the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR since passed council recalled principle laid resolution 1325 establishing ddrrelated mandate several peacekeeping mission un mission liberia sudan un stabilization mission haiti ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. International mandates", "Heading2":"5.2. The Beijing Platform for Action", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"At the Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in 1995, 189 Member States com- mitted themselves to a range of strategic objectives and actions aimed at achieving gender equality. The Member States repeated their commitment to ensuring that women make up 30 percent of all decision-making bodies and further committed themselves, among other things, to: \\n increase the participation of women in conflict resolution at decision-making levels, and protect women living in situations of armed and other conflicts or under foreign occupation (E.1); \\n reduce excessive military expenditures and control the availability of armaments (E.2); \\n encourage and support women\u2019s contribution to fostering a culture of peace (E.4).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1171, "Sentence":"At the Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in 1995, 189 Member States com- mitted themselves to a range of strategic objectives and actions aimed at achieving gender equality.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fourth world conference woman held beijing 1995 189 member state com mitted range strategic objective action aimed achieving gender equality ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. International mandates", "Heading2":"5.2. The Beijing Platform for Action", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"At the Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in 1995, 189 Member States com- mitted themselves to a range of strategic objectives and actions aimed at achieving gender equality. The Member States repeated their commitment to ensuring that women make up 30 percent of all decision-making bodies and further committed themselves, among other things, to: \\n increase the participation of women in conflict resolution at decision-making levels, and protect women living in situations of armed and other conflicts or under foreign occupation (E.1); \\n reduce excessive military expenditures and control the availability of armaments (E.2); \\n encourage and support women\u2019s contribution to fostering a culture of peace (E.4).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1171, "Sentence":"The Member States repeated their commitment to ensuring that women make up 30 percent of all decision-making bodies and further committed themselves, among other things, to: \\n increase the participation of women in conflict resolution at decision-making levels, and protect women living in situations of armed and other conflicts or under foreign occupation (E.1); \\n reduce excessive military expenditures and control the availability of armaments (E.2); \\n encourage and support women\u2019s contribution to fostering a culture of peace (E.4).", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR member state repeated commitment ensuring woman make 30 percent decisionmaking body committed among thing n increase participation woman conflict resolution decisionmaking level protect woman living situation armed conflict foreign occupation e.1 n reduce excessive military expenditure control availability armament e.2 n encourage support woman \u2019 contribution fostering culture peace e.4 ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. International mandates", "Heading2":"5.3. The Secretary-General\u2019s Study on Women, Peace and Security", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"In his 2002 Study on Women, Peace and Security, the Secretary-General recommended the following actions on DDR: \\n Action 1: Incorporate the needs and priorities of women and girls as ex-combatants, \u2018camp-followers\u201d\u2019 and families of ex-combatants in the design and implementation of DDR programmes, including the design of camps; the distribution of benefits; and access to basic resources and services, including food, water, health care and counsel- ling, in order to ensure the success of such programmes, women and girls\u2019 full partici- pation, and their access to benefits; \\n Action 2: Increase the number of programmes for child soldiers, fully include attention to the specific situation and needs of girl soldiers, and identify means to support child soldiers, including girls, who do not enter DDR programmes; \\n Action 3: Recognize the impact of armed conflict and displacement on family relations, and develop awareness of the risk of increased domestic violence, especially in the fami- lies of ex-combatants; and develop programmes on the prevention of domestic violence that are designed for families and communities, and especially male ex-combatants; \\n Action 4: Recognize and use the contributions of women and girls in encouraging ex- combatants to lay down arms and participate in weapons-collection programmes, and ensure that they benefit from any incentives provided for such activities; \\n Action 5: Ensure full access of women and girls to all resources and benefits provided in reintegration programmes, including skills development programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1172, "Sentence":"In his 2002 Study on Women, Peace and Security, the Secretary-General recommended the following actions on DDR: \\n Action 1: Incorporate the needs and priorities of women and girls as ex-combatants, \u2018camp-followers\u201d\u2019 and families of ex-combatants in the design and implementation of DDR programmes, including the design of camps; the distribution of benefits; and access to basic resources and services, including food, water, health care and counsel- ling, in order to ensure the success of such programmes, women and girls\u2019 full partici- pation, and their access to benefits; \\n Action 2: Increase the number of programmes for child soldiers, fully include attention to the specific situation and needs of girl soldiers, and identify means to support child soldiers, including girls, who do not enter DDR programmes; \\n Action 3: Recognize the impact of armed conflict and displacement on family relations, and develop awareness of the risk of increased domestic violence, especially in the fami- lies of ex-combatants; and develop programmes on the prevention of domestic violence that are designed for families and communities, and especially male ex-combatants; \\n Action 4: Recognize and use the contributions of women and girls in encouraging ex- combatants to lay down arms and participate in weapons-collection programmes, and ensure that they benefit from any incentives provided for such activities; \\n Action 5: Ensure full access of women and girls to all resources and benefits provided in reintegration programmes, including skills development programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR 2002 study woman peace security secretarygeneral recommended following action ddr n action 1 incorporate need priority woman girl excombatants \u2018 campfollowers \u201d \u2019 family excombatants design implementation ddr programme including design camp distribution benefit access basic resource service including food water health care counsel ling order ensure success programme woman girl \u2019 full partici pation access benefit n action 2 increase number programme child soldier fully include attention specific situation need girl soldier identify mean support child soldier including girl enter ddr programme n action 3 recognize impact armed conflict displacement family relation develop awareness risk increased domestic violence especially fami lie excombatants develop programme prevention domestic violence designed family community especially male excombatants n action 4 recognize use contribution woman girl encouraging ex combatant lay arm participate weaponscollection programme ensure benefit incentive provided activity n action 5 ensure full access woman girl resource benefit provided reintegration programme including skill development programme ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A gender-responsive approach to DDR should be built into every stage of DDR. This begins with discussions during the peace negotiations on the methods that will be used to carry out DDR. DDR advisers participating in such negotiations should ensure that women\u2019s interests and needs are adequately included. This can be done by insisting on the participation of female representatives at the negotiations, ensuring they understand DDR-related clauses and insisting on their active involvement in the DDR planning phase. Trained female leaders will contribute towards ensuring that women and girls involved in DDR (women and girls who are ex-combatants, women and girls working in support functions for armed groups and forces, wives and dependants of male ex-combatants, and members of the receiving com- munity) understand, support and strengthen the DDR process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1173, "Sentence":"A gender-responsive approach to DDR should be built into every stage of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR genderresponsive approach ddr built every stage ddr ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A gender-responsive approach to DDR should be built into every stage of DDR. This begins with discussions during the peace negotiations on the methods that will be used to carry out DDR. DDR advisers participating in such negotiations should ensure that women\u2019s interests and needs are adequately included. This can be done by insisting on the participation of female representatives at the negotiations, ensuring they understand DDR-related clauses and insisting on their active involvement in the DDR planning phase. Trained female leaders will contribute towards ensuring that women and girls involved in DDR (women and girls who are ex-combatants, women and girls working in support functions for armed groups and forces, wives and dependants of male ex-combatants, and members of the receiving com- munity) understand, support and strengthen the DDR process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1173, "Sentence":"This begins with discussions during the peace negotiations on the methods that will be used to carry out DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR begin discussion peace negotiation method used carry ddr ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A gender-responsive approach to DDR should be built into every stage of DDR. This begins with discussions during the peace negotiations on the methods that will be used to carry out DDR. DDR advisers participating in such negotiations should ensure that women\u2019s interests and needs are adequately included. This can be done by insisting on the participation of female representatives at the negotiations, ensuring they understand DDR-related clauses and insisting on their active involvement in the DDR planning phase. Trained female leaders will contribute towards ensuring that women and girls involved in DDR (women and girls who are ex-combatants, women and girls working in support functions for armed groups and forces, wives and dependants of male ex-combatants, and members of the receiving com- munity) understand, support and strengthen the DDR process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1173, "Sentence":"DDR advisers participating in such negotiations should ensure that women\u2019s interests and needs are adequately included.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR ddr adviser participating negotiation ensure woman \u2019 interest need adequately included ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A gender-responsive approach to DDR should be built into every stage of DDR. This begins with discussions during the peace negotiations on the methods that will be used to carry out DDR. DDR advisers participating in such negotiations should ensure that women\u2019s interests and needs are adequately included. This can be done by insisting on the participation of female representatives at the negotiations, ensuring they understand DDR-related clauses and insisting on their active involvement in the DDR planning phase. Trained female leaders will contribute towards ensuring that women and girls involved in DDR (women and girls who are ex-combatants, women and girls working in support functions for armed groups and forces, wives and dependants of male ex-combatants, and members of the receiving com- munity) understand, support and strengthen the DDR process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1173, "Sentence":"This can be done by insisting on the participation of female representatives at the negotiations, ensuring they understand DDR-related clauses and insisting on their active involvement in the DDR planning phase.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR done insisting participation female representative negotiation ensuring understand ddrrelated clause insisting active involvement ddr planning phase ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"A gender-responsive approach to DDR should be built into every stage of DDR. This begins with discussions during the peace negotiations on the methods that will be used to carry out DDR. DDR advisers participating in such negotiations should ensure that women\u2019s interests and needs are adequately included. This can be done by insisting on the participation of female representatives at the negotiations, ensuring they understand DDR-related clauses and insisting on their active involvement in the DDR planning phase. Trained female leaders will contribute towards ensuring that women and girls involved in DDR (women and girls who are ex-combatants, women and girls working in support functions for armed groups and forces, wives and dependants of male ex-combatants, and members of the receiving com- munity) understand, support and strengthen the DDR process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1173, "Sentence":"Trained female leaders will contribute towards ensuring that women and girls involved in DDR (women and girls who are ex-combatants, women and girls working in support functions for armed groups and forces, wives and dependants of male ex-combatants, and members of the receiving com- munity) understand, support and strengthen the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR trained female leader contribute towards ensuring woman girl involved ddr woman girl excombatants woman girl working support function armed group force wife dependant male excombatants member receiving com munity understand support strengthen ddr process ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Negotiating DDR: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Negotiation, mediation and facilitation teams should get expert advice on current gender dynamics, gender relations in and around armed groups and forces, and the impact the peace agreement will have on the status quo. All the participants at the negotiation table should have a good understanding of gender issues in the country and be willing to include ideas from female representatives. To ensure this, facilitators of meetings and gender advisers should organize gender workshops for wom- en participants before the start of the formal negotiation. The UN should develop a group of deployment-ready experts in gender and DDR by using a combined strategy of recruit- ment and training, and insist on their full participation in the DDR process through af- firmative action.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1174, "Sentence":"Negotiation, mediation and facilitation teams should get expert advice on current gender dynamics, gender relations in and around armed groups and forces, and the impact the peace agreement will have on the status quo.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR negotiation mediation facilitation team get expert advice current gender dynamic gender relation around armed group force impact peace agreement status quo ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Negotiating DDR: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Negotiation, mediation and facilitation teams should get expert advice on current gender dynamics, gender relations in and around armed groups and forces, and the impact the peace agreement will have on the status quo. All the participants at the negotiation table should have a good understanding of gender issues in the country and be willing to include ideas from female representatives. To ensure this, facilitators of meetings and gender advisers should organize gender workshops for wom- en participants before the start of the formal negotiation. The UN should develop a group of deployment-ready experts in gender and DDR by using a combined strategy of recruit- ment and training, and insist on their full participation in the DDR process through af- firmative action.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1174, "Sentence":"All the participants at the negotiation table should have a good understanding of gender issues in the country and be willing to include ideas from female representatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR participant negotiation table good understanding gender issue country willing include idea female representative ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Negotiating DDR: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Negotiation, mediation and facilitation teams should get expert advice on current gender dynamics, gender relations in and around armed groups and forces, and the impact the peace agreement will have on the status quo. All the participants at the negotiation table should have a good understanding of gender issues in the country and be willing to include ideas from female representatives. To ensure this, facilitators of meetings and gender advisers should organize gender workshops for wom- en participants before the start of the formal negotiation. The UN should develop a group of deployment-ready experts in gender and DDR by using a combined strategy of recruit- ment and training, and insist on their full participation in the DDR process through af- firmative action.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1174, "Sentence":"To ensure this, facilitators of meetings and gender advisers should organize gender workshops for wom- en participants before the start of the formal negotiation.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR ensure facilitator meeting gender adviser organize gender workshop wom en participant start formal negotiation ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"6.1.1. Negotiating DDR: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Negotiation, mediation and facilitation teams should get expert advice on current gender dynamics, gender relations in and around armed groups and forces, and the impact the peace agreement will have on the status quo. All the participants at the negotiation table should have a good understanding of gender issues in the country and be willing to include ideas from female representatives. To ensure this, facilitators of meetings and gender advisers should organize gender workshops for wom- en participants before the start of the formal negotiation. The UN should develop a group of deployment-ready experts in gender and DDR by using a combined strategy of recruit- ment and training, and insist on their full participation in the DDR process through af- firmative action.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1174, "Sentence":"The UN should develop a group of deployment-ready experts in gender and DDR by using a combined strategy of recruit- ment and training, and insist on their full participation in the DDR process through af- firmative action.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR un develop group deploymentready expert gender ddr using combined strategy recruit ment training insist full participation ddr process af firmative action ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"6.1.2. Negotiating DDR: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Facilitators, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General (SRSGs) and senior UN person- nel supporting the peace process should receive an explicit mandate to cater for the needs and interests of women and girls, whether combatants, supporters or dependants. Moni- toring and evaluation mechanisms should be set in place to assess the effectiveness of their interventions. (See Annex D for a gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation framework.) Peace process facilitators, SRSGs and envoys should be made aware of the interna- tionally agreed minimum standard of 30 percent female participation in any democratic decision-making forum. Women who are familiar with the needs of female fighters, veterans and other community-based women peace-builders should attend and be allowed to raise concerns in the negotiation process. In circumstances where the participation of women is not possible, DDR planners should hold consultations with women\u2019s groups during the planning and pre-deployment phase and ensure that the latter\u2019s views are represented at negotiation forums.Women in leadership positions at national and local levels, including female local coun- cillors, representatives of women\u2019s non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and female community leaders, all of whom will assist the return of male and female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to civilian life, are stakeholders in the peace process, and should be enlisted as partners in the DDR process. Furthermore, governmental ministries or depart- ments with gender-related mandates should be included in negotiations and decision-making whenever possible.To facilitate women\u2019s participation, the UN advance team or country team should carry out a risk assessment to evaluate the threat posed to women who take up a public role in the peace process. Adequate protection should be provided by governmental bodies or the UN itself if these women\u2019s security is at risk. Facilitators and other participants in the peace process should attempt to create an inclusive environment so that female representatives feel comfortable to raise their concerns and needs.The release of abducted women and girls from within the ranks of an armed force or group should be made a condition of the peace agreement.The requirement for the representation of women in structures established to manage DDR processes, such as a national DDR commission, should be included in the peace accord. Information about the DDR programme and process should be made available to any sub- sidiary bodies or sub-committees established to facilitate the participation of civil society in the peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1175, "Sentence":"Facilitators, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General (SRSGs) and senior UN person- nel supporting the peace process should receive an explicit mandate to cater for the needs and interests of women and girls, whether combatants, supporters or dependants.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR facilitator special representative secretarygeneral srsgs senior un person nel supporting peace process receive explicit mandate cater need interest woman girl whether combatant supporter dependant ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"6.1.2. Negotiating DDR: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Facilitators, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General (SRSGs) and senior UN person- nel supporting the peace process should receive an explicit mandate to cater for the needs and interests of women and girls, whether combatants, supporters or dependants. Moni- toring and evaluation mechanisms should be set in place to assess the effectiveness of their interventions. (See Annex D for a gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation framework.) Peace process facilitators, SRSGs and envoys should be made aware of the interna- tionally agreed minimum standard of 30 percent female participation in any democratic decision-making forum. Women who are familiar with the needs of female fighters, veterans and other community-based women peace-builders should attend and be allowed to raise concerns in the negotiation process. In circumstances where the participation of women is not possible, DDR planners should hold consultations with women\u2019s groups during the planning and pre-deployment phase and ensure that the latter\u2019s views are represented at negotiation forums.Women in leadership positions at national and local levels, including female local coun- cillors, representatives of women\u2019s non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and female community leaders, all of whom will assist the return of male and female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to civilian life, are stakeholders in the peace process, and should be enlisted as partners in the DDR process. Furthermore, governmental ministries or depart- ments with gender-related mandates should be included in negotiations and decision-making whenever possible.To facilitate women\u2019s participation, the UN advance team or country team should carry out a risk assessment to evaluate the threat posed to women who take up a public role in the peace process. Adequate protection should be provided by governmental bodies or the UN itself if these women\u2019s security is at risk. Facilitators and other participants in the peace process should attempt to create an inclusive environment so that female representatives feel comfortable to raise their concerns and needs.The release of abducted women and girls from within the ranks of an armed force or group should be made a condition of the peace agreement.The requirement for the representation of women in structures established to manage DDR processes, such as a national DDR commission, should be included in the peace accord. Information about the DDR programme and process should be made available to any sub- sidiary bodies or sub-committees established to facilitate the participation of civil society in the peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1175, "Sentence":"Moni- toring and evaluation mechanisms should be set in place to assess the effectiveness of their interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR moni toring evaluation mechanism set place ass effectiveness intervention ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"6.1.2. Negotiating DDR: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Facilitators, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General (SRSGs) and senior UN person- nel supporting the peace process should receive an explicit mandate to cater for the needs and interests of women and girls, whether combatants, supporters or dependants. Moni- toring and evaluation mechanisms should be set in place to assess the effectiveness of their interventions. (See Annex D for a gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation framework.) Peace process facilitators, SRSGs and envoys should be made aware of the interna- tionally agreed minimum standard of 30 percent female participation in any democratic decision-making forum. Women who are familiar with the needs of female fighters, veterans and other community-based women peace-builders should attend and be allowed to raise concerns in the negotiation process. In circumstances where the participation of women is not possible, DDR planners should hold consultations with women\u2019s groups during the planning and pre-deployment phase and ensure that the latter\u2019s views are represented at negotiation forums.Women in leadership positions at national and local levels, including female local coun- cillors, representatives of women\u2019s non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and female community leaders, all of whom will assist the return of male and female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to civilian life, are stakeholders in the peace process, and should be enlisted as partners in the DDR process. Furthermore, governmental ministries or depart- ments with gender-related mandates should be included in negotiations and decision-making whenever possible.To facilitate women\u2019s participation, the UN advance team or country team should carry out a risk assessment to evaluate the threat posed to women who take up a public role in the peace process. Adequate protection should be provided by governmental bodies or the UN itself if these women\u2019s security is at risk. Facilitators and other participants in the peace process should attempt to create an inclusive environment so that female representatives feel comfortable to raise their concerns and needs.The release of abducted women and girls from within the ranks of an armed force or group should be made a condition of the peace agreement.The requirement for the representation of women in structures established to manage DDR processes, such as a national DDR commission, should be included in the peace accord. Information about the DDR programme and process should be made available to any sub- sidiary bodies or sub-committees established to facilitate the participation of civil society in the peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1175, "Sentence":"(See Annex D for a gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation framework.)", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR see annex genderresponsive monitoring evaluation framework ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"6.1.2. Negotiating DDR: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Facilitators, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General (SRSGs) and senior UN person- nel supporting the peace process should receive an explicit mandate to cater for the needs and interests of women and girls, whether combatants, supporters or dependants. Moni- toring and evaluation mechanisms should be set in place to assess the effectiveness of their interventions. (See Annex D for a gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation framework.) Peace process facilitators, SRSGs and envoys should be made aware of the interna- tionally agreed minimum standard of 30 percent female participation in any democratic decision-making forum. Women who are familiar with the needs of female fighters, veterans and other community-based women peace-builders should attend and be allowed to raise concerns in the negotiation process. In circumstances where the participation of women is not possible, DDR planners should hold consultations with women\u2019s groups during the planning and pre-deployment phase and ensure that the latter\u2019s views are represented at negotiation forums.Women in leadership positions at national and local levels, including female local coun- cillors, representatives of women\u2019s non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and female community leaders, all of whom will assist the return of male and female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to civilian life, are stakeholders in the peace process, and should be enlisted as partners in the DDR process. Furthermore, governmental ministries or depart- ments with gender-related mandates should be included in negotiations and decision-making whenever possible.To facilitate women\u2019s participation, the UN advance team or country team should carry out a risk assessment to evaluate the threat posed to women who take up a public role in the peace process. Adequate protection should be provided by governmental bodies or the UN itself if these women\u2019s security is at risk. Facilitators and other participants in the peace process should attempt to create an inclusive environment so that female representatives feel comfortable to raise their concerns and needs.The release of abducted women and girls from within the ranks of an armed force or group should be made a condition of the peace agreement.The requirement for the representation of women in structures established to manage DDR processes, such as a national DDR commission, should be included in the peace accord. Information about the DDR programme and process should be made available to any sub- sidiary bodies or sub-committees established to facilitate the participation of civil society in the peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1175, "Sentence":"Peace process facilitators, SRSGs and envoys should be made aware of the interna- tionally agreed minimum standard of 30 percent female participation in any democratic decision-making forum.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR peace process facilitator srsgs envoy made aware interna tionally agreed minimum standard 30 percent female participation democratic decisionmaking forum ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"6.1.2. Negotiating DDR: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Facilitators, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General (SRSGs) and senior UN person- nel supporting the peace process should receive an explicit mandate to cater for the needs and interests of women and girls, whether combatants, supporters or dependants. Moni- toring and evaluation mechanisms should be set in place to assess the effectiveness of their interventions. (See Annex D for a gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation framework.) Peace process facilitators, SRSGs and envoys should be made aware of the interna- tionally agreed minimum standard of 30 percent female participation in any democratic decision-making forum. Women who are familiar with the needs of female fighters, veterans and other community-based women peace-builders should attend and be allowed to raise concerns in the negotiation process. In circumstances where the participation of women is not possible, DDR planners should hold consultations with women\u2019s groups during the planning and pre-deployment phase and ensure that the latter\u2019s views are represented at negotiation forums.Women in leadership positions at national and local levels, including female local coun- cillors, representatives of women\u2019s non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and female community leaders, all of whom will assist the return of male and female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to civilian life, are stakeholders in the peace process, and should be enlisted as partners in the DDR process. Furthermore, governmental ministries or depart- ments with gender-related mandates should be included in negotiations and decision-making whenever possible.To facilitate women\u2019s participation, the UN advance team or country team should carry out a risk assessment to evaluate the threat posed to women who take up a public role in the peace process. Adequate protection should be provided by governmental bodies or the UN itself if these women\u2019s security is at risk. Facilitators and other participants in the peace process should attempt to create an inclusive environment so that female representatives feel comfortable to raise their concerns and needs.The release of abducted women and girls from within the ranks of an armed force or group should be made a condition of the peace agreement.The requirement for the representation of women in structures established to manage DDR processes, such as a national DDR commission, should be included in the peace accord. Information about the DDR programme and process should be made available to any sub- sidiary bodies or sub-committees established to facilitate the participation of civil society in the peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1175, "Sentence":"Women who are familiar with the needs of female fighters, veterans and other community-based women peace-builders should attend and be allowed to raise concerns in the negotiation process.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman familiar need female fighter veteran communitybased woman peacebuilders attend allowed raise concern negotiation process ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"6.1.2. Negotiating DDR: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Facilitators, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General (SRSGs) and senior UN person- nel supporting the peace process should receive an explicit mandate to cater for the needs and interests of women and girls, whether combatants, supporters or dependants. Moni- toring and evaluation mechanisms should be set in place to assess the effectiveness of their interventions. (See Annex D for a gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation framework.) Peace process facilitators, SRSGs and envoys should be made aware of the interna- tionally agreed minimum standard of 30 percent female participation in any democratic decision-making forum. Women who are familiar with the needs of female fighters, veterans and other community-based women peace-builders should attend and be allowed to raise concerns in the negotiation process. In circumstances where the participation of women is not possible, DDR planners should hold consultations with women\u2019s groups during the planning and pre-deployment phase and ensure that the latter\u2019s views are represented at negotiation forums.Women in leadership positions at national and local levels, including female local coun- cillors, representatives of women\u2019s non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and female community leaders, all of whom will assist the return of male and female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to civilian life, are stakeholders in the peace process, and should be enlisted as partners in the DDR process. Furthermore, governmental ministries or depart- ments with gender-related mandates should be included in negotiations and decision-making whenever possible.To facilitate women\u2019s participation, the UN advance team or country team should carry out a risk assessment to evaluate the threat posed to women who take up a public role in the peace process. Adequate protection should be provided by governmental bodies or the UN itself if these women\u2019s security is at risk. Facilitators and other participants in the peace process should attempt to create an inclusive environment so that female representatives feel comfortable to raise their concerns and needs.The release of abducted women and girls from within the ranks of an armed force or group should be made a condition of the peace agreement.The requirement for the representation of women in structures established to manage DDR processes, such as a national DDR commission, should be included in the peace accord. Information about the DDR programme and process should be made available to any sub- sidiary bodies or sub-committees established to facilitate the participation of civil society in the peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1175, "Sentence":"In circumstances where the participation of women is not possible, DDR planners should hold consultations with women\u2019s groups during the planning and pre-deployment phase and ensure that the latter\u2019s views are represented at negotiation forums.Women in leadership positions at national and local levels, including female local coun- cillors, representatives of women\u2019s non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and female community leaders, all of whom will assist the return of male and female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to civilian life, are stakeholders in the peace process, and should be enlisted as partners in the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR circumstance participation woman possible ddr planner hold consultation woman \u2019 group planning predeployment phase ensure latter \u2019 view represented negotiation forums.women leadership position national local level including female local coun cillors representative woman \u2019 nongovernmental organization ngo female community leader assist return male female excombatants supporter dependant civilian life stakeholder peace process enlisted partner ddr process ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"6.1.2. Negotiating DDR: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Facilitators, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General (SRSGs) and senior UN person- nel supporting the peace process should receive an explicit mandate to cater for the needs and interests of women and girls, whether combatants, supporters or dependants. Moni- toring and evaluation mechanisms should be set in place to assess the effectiveness of their interventions. (See Annex D for a gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation framework.) Peace process facilitators, SRSGs and envoys should be made aware of the interna- tionally agreed minimum standard of 30 percent female participation in any democratic decision-making forum. Women who are familiar with the needs of female fighters, veterans and other community-based women peace-builders should attend and be allowed to raise concerns in the negotiation process. In circumstances where the participation of women is not possible, DDR planners should hold consultations with women\u2019s groups during the planning and pre-deployment phase and ensure that the latter\u2019s views are represented at negotiation forums.Women in leadership positions at national and local levels, including female local coun- cillors, representatives of women\u2019s non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and female community leaders, all of whom will assist the return of male and female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to civilian life, are stakeholders in the peace process, and should be enlisted as partners in the DDR process. Furthermore, governmental ministries or depart- ments with gender-related mandates should be included in negotiations and decision-making whenever possible.To facilitate women\u2019s participation, the UN advance team or country team should carry out a risk assessment to evaluate the threat posed to women who take up a public role in the peace process. Adequate protection should be provided by governmental bodies or the UN itself if these women\u2019s security is at risk. Facilitators and other participants in the peace process should attempt to create an inclusive environment so that female representatives feel comfortable to raise their concerns and needs.The release of abducted women and girls from within the ranks of an armed force or group should be made a condition of the peace agreement.The requirement for the representation of women in structures established to manage DDR processes, such as a national DDR commission, should be included in the peace accord. Information about the DDR programme and process should be made available to any sub- sidiary bodies or sub-committees established to facilitate the participation of civil society in the peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1175, "Sentence":"Furthermore, governmental ministries or depart- ments with gender-related mandates should be included in negotiations and decision-making whenever possible.To facilitate women\u2019s participation, the UN advance team or country team should carry out a risk assessment to evaluate the threat posed to women who take up a public role in the peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR furthermore governmental ministry depart ments genderrelated mandate included negotiation decisionmaking whenever possible.to facilitate woman \u2019 participation un advance team country team carry risk assessment evaluate threat posed woman take public role peace process ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"6.1.2. Negotiating DDR: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Facilitators, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General (SRSGs) and senior UN person- nel supporting the peace process should receive an explicit mandate to cater for the needs and interests of women and girls, whether combatants, supporters or dependants. Moni- toring and evaluation mechanisms should be set in place to assess the effectiveness of their interventions. (See Annex D for a gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation framework.) Peace process facilitators, SRSGs and envoys should be made aware of the interna- tionally agreed minimum standard of 30 percent female participation in any democratic decision-making forum. Women who are familiar with the needs of female fighters, veterans and other community-based women peace-builders should attend and be allowed to raise concerns in the negotiation process. In circumstances where the participation of women is not possible, DDR planners should hold consultations with women\u2019s groups during the planning and pre-deployment phase and ensure that the latter\u2019s views are represented at negotiation forums.Women in leadership positions at national and local levels, including female local coun- cillors, representatives of women\u2019s non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and female community leaders, all of whom will assist the return of male and female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to civilian life, are stakeholders in the peace process, and should be enlisted as partners in the DDR process. Furthermore, governmental ministries or depart- ments with gender-related mandates should be included in negotiations and decision-making whenever possible.To facilitate women\u2019s participation, the UN advance team or country team should carry out a risk assessment to evaluate the threat posed to women who take up a public role in the peace process. Adequate protection should be provided by governmental bodies or the UN itself if these women\u2019s security is at risk. Facilitators and other participants in the peace process should attempt to create an inclusive environment so that female representatives feel comfortable to raise their concerns and needs.The release of abducted women and girls from within the ranks of an armed force or group should be made a condition of the peace agreement.The requirement for the representation of women in structures established to manage DDR processes, such as a national DDR commission, should be included in the peace accord. Information about the DDR programme and process should be made available to any sub- sidiary bodies or sub-committees established to facilitate the participation of civil society in the peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1175, "Sentence":"Adequate protection should be provided by governmental bodies or the UN itself if these women\u2019s security is at risk.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR adequate protection provided governmental body un woman \u2019 security risk ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"6.1.2. Negotiating DDR: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Facilitators, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General (SRSGs) and senior UN person- nel supporting the peace process should receive an explicit mandate to cater for the needs and interests of women and girls, whether combatants, supporters or dependants. Moni- toring and evaluation mechanisms should be set in place to assess the effectiveness of their interventions. (See Annex D for a gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation framework.) Peace process facilitators, SRSGs and envoys should be made aware of the interna- tionally agreed minimum standard of 30 percent female participation in any democratic decision-making forum. Women who are familiar with the needs of female fighters, veterans and other community-based women peace-builders should attend and be allowed to raise concerns in the negotiation process. In circumstances where the participation of women is not possible, DDR planners should hold consultations with women\u2019s groups during the planning and pre-deployment phase and ensure that the latter\u2019s views are represented at negotiation forums.Women in leadership positions at national and local levels, including female local coun- cillors, representatives of women\u2019s non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and female community leaders, all of whom will assist the return of male and female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to civilian life, are stakeholders in the peace process, and should be enlisted as partners in the DDR process. Furthermore, governmental ministries or depart- ments with gender-related mandates should be included in negotiations and decision-making whenever possible.To facilitate women\u2019s participation, the UN advance team or country team should carry out a risk assessment to evaluate the threat posed to women who take up a public role in the peace process. Adequate protection should be provided by governmental bodies or the UN itself if these women\u2019s security is at risk. Facilitators and other participants in the peace process should attempt to create an inclusive environment so that female representatives feel comfortable to raise their concerns and needs.The release of abducted women and girls from within the ranks of an armed force or group should be made a condition of the peace agreement.The requirement for the representation of women in structures established to manage DDR processes, such as a national DDR commission, should be included in the peace accord. Information about the DDR programme and process should be made available to any sub- sidiary bodies or sub-committees established to facilitate the participation of civil society in the peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1175, "Sentence":"Facilitators and other participants in the peace process should attempt to create an inclusive environment so that female representatives feel comfortable to raise their concerns and needs.The release of abducted women and girls from within the ranks of an armed force or group should be made a condition of the peace agreement.The requirement for the representation of women in structures established to manage DDR processes, such as a national DDR commission, should be included in the peace accord.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR facilitator participant peace process attempt create inclusive environment female representative feel comfortable raise concern needs.the release abducted woman girl within rank armed force group made condition peace agreement.the requirement representation woman structure established manage ddr process national ddr commission included peace accord ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.1. Negotiating DDR: Ensuring women\u2019s political participation", "Heading3":"6.1.2. Negotiating DDR: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Facilitators, Special Representatives of the Secretary-General (SRSGs) and senior UN person- nel supporting the peace process should receive an explicit mandate to cater for the needs and interests of women and girls, whether combatants, supporters or dependants. Moni- toring and evaluation mechanisms should be set in place to assess the effectiveness of their interventions. (See Annex D for a gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation framework.) Peace process facilitators, SRSGs and envoys should be made aware of the interna- tionally agreed minimum standard of 30 percent female participation in any democratic decision-making forum. Women who are familiar with the needs of female fighters, veterans and other community-based women peace-builders should attend and be allowed to raise concerns in the negotiation process. In circumstances where the participation of women is not possible, DDR planners should hold consultations with women\u2019s groups during the planning and pre-deployment phase and ensure that the latter\u2019s views are represented at negotiation forums.Women in leadership positions at national and local levels, including female local coun- cillors, representatives of women\u2019s non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and female community leaders, all of whom will assist the return of male and female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to civilian life, are stakeholders in the peace process, and should be enlisted as partners in the DDR process. Furthermore, governmental ministries or depart- ments with gender-related mandates should be included in negotiations and decision-making whenever possible.To facilitate women\u2019s participation, the UN advance team or country team should carry out a risk assessment to evaluate the threat posed to women who take up a public role in the peace process. Adequate protection should be provided by governmental bodies or the UN itself if these women\u2019s security is at risk. Facilitators and other participants in the peace process should attempt to create an inclusive environment so that female representatives feel comfortable to raise their concerns and needs.The release of abducted women and girls from within the ranks of an armed force or group should be made a condition of the peace agreement.The requirement for the representation of women in structures established to manage DDR processes, such as a national DDR commission, should be included in the peace accord. Information about the DDR programme and process should be made available to any sub- sidiary bodies or sub-committees established to facilitate the participation of civil society in the peace process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1175, "Sentence":"Information about the DDR programme and process should be made available to any sub- sidiary bodies or sub-committees established to facilitate the participation of civil society in the peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR information ddr programme process made available sub sidiary body subcommittee established facilitate participation civil society peace process ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Planners should develop a good understanding of the legal, political, economic, social and security context of the DDR programme and how it affects women, men, girls and boys differently, both in the armed forces and groups and in the receiving communities. In addition, planners should understand the different needs of women, men, girls and boys who participate in DDR processes according to their different roles during the conflict (i.e., armed ex-combatants, supporters, or\/and depend- ants). The following should be considered. \\n Different choices: There may be a difference in the life choices made by women and girls, as opposed to men and boys. This is because women, men, girls and boys have different roles before, during and after conflicts, and they face different problems and expectations from society and their family. They may, as a result, have different prefer- ences for reintegration training and support. Some women and girls may wish to return to their original homes, while others may choose to follow male partners to a new loca- tion, including across international boundaries; \\n Different functions: Many women and girls participate in armed conflict in roles other than as armed combatants. These individuals, who may have participated as cooks, mes- sengers, informal health care providers, por- ters, sex slaves, etc., are often overlooked in the DDR process. Women and girls carry out these roles both through choice and, in the case of abductees and slaves, because they are forced to do so.Within receiving communities, in which women already have heavy responsibilities for caregiving, reintegration may place fur- ther burdens of work and care on them that will undermine sustainable reintegration if they are not adequately supported.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1176, "Sentence":"Planners should develop a good understanding of the legal, political, economic, social and security context of the DDR programme and how it affects women, men, girls and boys differently, both in the armed forces and groups and in the receiving communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR planner develop good understanding legal political economic social security context ddr programme affect woman men girl boy differently armed force group receiving community ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Planners should develop a good understanding of the legal, political, economic, social and security context of the DDR programme and how it affects women, men, girls and boys differently, both in the armed forces and groups and in the receiving communities. In addition, planners should understand the different needs of women, men, girls and boys who participate in DDR processes according to their different roles during the conflict (i.e., armed ex-combatants, supporters, or\/and depend- ants). The following should be considered. \\n Different choices: There may be a difference in the life choices made by women and girls, as opposed to men and boys. This is because women, men, girls and boys have different roles before, during and after conflicts, and they face different problems and expectations from society and their family. They may, as a result, have different prefer- ences for reintegration training and support. Some women and girls may wish to return to their original homes, while others may choose to follow male partners to a new loca- tion, including across international boundaries; \\n Different functions: Many women and girls participate in armed conflict in roles other than as armed combatants. These individuals, who may have participated as cooks, mes- sengers, informal health care providers, por- ters, sex slaves, etc., are often overlooked in the DDR process. Women and girls carry out these roles both through choice and, in the case of abductees and slaves, because they are forced to do so.Within receiving communities, in which women already have heavy responsibilities for caregiving, reintegration may place fur- ther burdens of work and care on them that will undermine sustainable reintegration if they are not adequately supported.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1176, "Sentence":"In addition, planners should understand the different needs of women, men, girls and boys who participate in DDR processes according to their different roles during the conflict (i.e., armed ex-combatants, supporters, or\/and depend- ants).", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR addition planner understand different need woman men girl boy participate ddr process according different role conflict i.e . armed excombatants supporter or\/and depend ant ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Planners should develop a good understanding of the legal, political, economic, social and security context of the DDR programme and how it affects women, men, girls and boys differently, both in the armed forces and groups and in the receiving communities. In addition, planners should understand the different needs of women, men, girls and boys who participate in DDR processes according to their different roles during the conflict (i.e., armed ex-combatants, supporters, or\/and depend- ants). The following should be considered. \\n Different choices: There may be a difference in the life choices made by women and girls, as opposed to men and boys. This is because women, men, girls and boys have different roles before, during and after conflicts, and they face different problems and expectations from society and their family. They may, as a result, have different prefer- ences for reintegration training and support. Some women and girls may wish to return to their original homes, while others may choose to follow male partners to a new loca- tion, including across international boundaries; \\n Different functions: Many women and girls participate in armed conflict in roles other than as armed combatants. These individuals, who may have participated as cooks, mes- sengers, informal health care providers, por- ters, sex slaves, etc., are often overlooked in the DDR process. Women and girls carry out these roles both through choice and, in the case of abductees and slaves, because they are forced to do so.Within receiving communities, in which women already have heavy responsibilities for caregiving, reintegration may place fur- ther burdens of work and care on them that will undermine sustainable reintegration if they are not adequately supported.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1176, "Sentence":"The following should be considered.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR following considered ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Planners should develop a good understanding of the legal, political, economic, social and security context of the DDR programme and how it affects women, men, girls and boys differently, both in the armed forces and groups and in the receiving communities. In addition, planners should understand the different needs of women, men, girls and boys who participate in DDR processes according to their different roles during the conflict (i.e., armed ex-combatants, supporters, or\/and depend- ants). The following should be considered. \\n Different choices: There may be a difference in the life choices made by women and girls, as opposed to men and boys. This is because women, men, girls and boys have different roles before, during and after conflicts, and they face different problems and expectations from society and their family. They may, as a result, have different prefer- ences for reintegration training and support. Some women and girls may wish to return to their original homes, while others may choose to follow male partners to a new loca- tion, including across international boundaries; \\n Different functions: Many women and girls participate in armed conflict in roles other than as armed combatants. These individuals, who may have participated as cooks, mes- sengers, informal health care providers, por- ters, sex slaves, etc., are often overlooked in the DDR process. Women and girls carry out these roles both through choice and, in the case of abductees and slaves, because they are forced to do so.Within receiving communities, in which women already have heavy responsibilities for caregiving, reintegration may place fur- ther burdens of work and care on them that will undermine sustainable reintegration if they are not adequately supported.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1176, "Sentence":"\\n Different choices: There may be a difference in the life choices made by women and girls, as opposed to men and boys.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n different choice may difference life choice made woman girl opposed men boy ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Planners should develop a good understanding of the legal, political, economic, social and security context of the DDR programme and how it affects women, men, girls and boys differently, both in the armed forces and groups and in the receiving communities. In addition, planners should understand the different needs of women, men, girls and boys who participate in DDR processes according to their different roles during the conflict (i.e., armed ex-combatants, supporters, or\/and depend- ants). The following should be considered. \\n Different choices: There may be a difference in the life choices made by women and girls, as opposed to men and boys. This is because women, men, girls and boys have different roles before, during and after conflicts, and they face different problems and expectations from society and their family. They may, as a result, have different prefer- ences for reintegration training and support. Some women and girls may wish to return to their original homes, while others may choose to follow male partners to a new loca- tion, including across international boundaries; \\n Different functions: Many women and girls participate in armed conflict in roles other than as armed combatants. These individuals, who may have participated as cooks, mes- sengers, informal health care providers, por- ters, sex slaves, etc., are often overlooked in the DDR process. Women and girls carry out these roles both through choice and, in the case of abductees and slaves, because they are forced to do so.Within receiving communities, in which women already have heavy responsibilities for caregiving, reintegration may place fur- ther burdens of work and care on them that will undermine sustainable reintegration if they are not adequately supported.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1176, "Sentence":"This is because women, men, girls and boys have different roles before, during and after conflicts, and they face different problems and expectations from society and their family.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman men girl boy different role conflict face different problem expectation society family ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Planners should develop a good understanding of the legal, political, economic, social and security context of the DDR programme and how it affects women, men, girls and boys differently, both in the armed forces and groups and in the receiving communities. In addition, planners should understand the different needs of women, men, girls and boys who participate in DDR processes according to their different roles during the conflict (i.e., armed ex-combatants, supporters, or\/and depend- ants). The following should be considered. \\n Different choices: There may be a difference in the life choices made by women and girls, as opposed to men and boys. This is because women, men, girls and boys have different roles before, during and after conflicts, and they face different problems and expectations from society and their family. They may, as a result, have different prefer- ences for reintegration training and support. Some women and girls may wish to return to their original homes, while others may choose to follow male partners to a new loca- tion, including across international boundaries; \\n Different functions: Many women and girls participate in armed conflict in roles other than as armed combatants. These individuals, who may have participated as cooks, mes- sengers, informal health care providers, por- ters, sex slaves, etc., are often overlooked in the DDR process. Women and girls carry out these roles both through choice and, in the case of abductees and slaves, because they are forced to do so.Within receiving communities, in which women already have heavy responsibilities for caregiving, reintegration may place fur- ther burdens of work and care on them that will undermine sustainable reintegration if they are not adequately supported.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1176, "Sentence":"They may, as a result, have different prefer- ences for reintegration training and support.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR may result different prefer ences reintegration training support ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Planners should develop a good understanding of the legal, political, economic, social and security context of the DDR programme and how it affects women, men, girls and boys differently, both in the armed forces and groups and in the receiving communities. In addition, planners should understand the different needs of women, men, girls and boys who participate in DDR processes according to their different roles during the conflict (i.e., armed ex-combatants, supporters, or\/and depend- ants). The following should be considered. \\n Different choices: There may be a difference in the life choices made by women and girls, as opposed to men and boys. This is because women, men, girls and boys have different roles before, during and after conflicts, and they face different problems and expectations from society and their family. They may, as a result, have different prefer- ences for reintegration training and support. Some women and girls may wish to return to their original homes, while others may choose to follow male partners to a new loca- tion, including across international boundaries; \\n Different functions: Many women and girls participate in armed conflict in roles other than as armed combatants. These individuals, who may have participated as cooks, mes- sengers, informal health care providers, por- ters, sex slaves, etc., are often overlooked in the DDR process. Women and girls carry out these roles both through choice and, in the case of abductees and slaves, because they are forced to do so.Within receiving communities, in which women already have heavy responsibilities for caregiving, reintegration may place fur- ther burdens of work and care on them that will undermine sustainable reintegration if they are not adequately supported.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1176, "Sentence":"Some women and girls may wish to return to their original homes, while others may choose to follow male partners to a new loca- tion, including across international boundaries; \\n Different functions: Many women and girls participate in armed conflict in roles other than as armed combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman girl may wish return original home others may choose follow male partner new loca tion including across international boundary n different function many woman girl participate armed conflict role armed combatant ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Planners should develop a good understanding of the legal, political, economic, social and security context of the DDR programme and how it affects women, men, girls and boys differently, both in the armed forces and groups and in the receiving communities. In addition, planners should understand the different needs of women, men, girls and boys who participate in DDR processes according to their different roles during the conflict (i.e., armed ex-combatants, supporters, or\/and depend- ants). The following should be considered. \\n Different choices: There may be a difference in the life choices made by women and girls, as opposed to men and boys. This is because women, men, girls and boys have different roles before, during and after conflicts, and they face different problems and expectations from society and their family. They may, as a result, have different prefer- ences for reintegration training and support. Some women and girls may wish to return to their original homes, while others may choose to follow male partners to a new loca- tion, including across international boundaries; \\n Different functions: Many women and girls participate in armed conflict in roles other than as armed combatants. These individuals, who may have participated as cooks, mes- sengers, informal health care providers, por- ters, sex slaves, etc., are often overlooked in the DDR process. Women and girls carry out these roles both through choice and, in the case of abductees and slaves, because they are forced to do so.Within receiving communities, in which women already have heavy responsibilities for caregiving, reintegration may place fur- ther burdens of work and care on them that will undermine sustainable reintegration if they are not adequately supported.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1176, "Sentence":"These individuals, who may have participated as cooks, mes- sengers, informal health care providers, por- ters, sex slaves, etc., are often overlooked in the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR individual may participated cook me sengers informal health care provider por ters sex slave etc . often overlooked ddr process ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Planners should develop a good understanding of the legal, political, economic, social and security context of the DDR programme and how it affects women, men, girls and boys differently, both in the armed forces and groups and in the receiving communities. In addition, planners should understand the different needs of women, men, girls and boys who participate in DDR processes according to their different roles during the conflict (i.e., armed ex-combatants, supporters, or\/and depend- ants). The following should be considered. \\n Different choices: There may be a difference in the life choices made by women and girls, as opposed to men and boys. This is because women, men, girls and boys have different roles before, during and after conflicts, and they face different problems and expectations from society and their family. They may, as a result, have different prefer- ences for reintegration training and support. Some women and girls may wish to return to their original homes, while others may choose to follow male partners to a new loca- tion, including across international boundaries; \\n Different functions: Many women and girls participate in armed conflict in roles other than as armed combatants. These individuals, who may have participated as cooks, mes- sengers, informal health care providers, por- ters, sex slaves, etc., are often overlooked in the DDR process. Women and girls carry out these roles both through choice and, in the case of abductees and slaves, because they are forced to do so.Within receiving communities, in which women already have heavy responsibilities for caregiving, reintegration may place fur- ther burdens of work and care on them that will undermine sustainable reintegration if they are not adequately supported.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1176, "Sentence":"Women and girls carry out these roles both through choice and, in the case of abductees and slaves, because they are forced to do so.Within receiving communities, in which women already have heavy responsibilities for caregiving, reintegration may place fur- ther burdens of work and care on them that will undermine sustainable reintegration if they are not adequately supported.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman girl carry role choice case abductees slave forced so.within receiving community woman already heavy responsibility caregiving reintegration may place fur ther burden work care undermine sustainable reintegration adequately supported ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"6.2.1. Assessment phase: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Gender expertise should be considered an essential element of any assessment mission carried out by the UN, specifically those teams with DDR-related mandates, and gender analysis and information should be adequately reflected in reporting to the Security Council and the UN Development Group that coordinates joint assessment missions before the deployment of a peacekeeping mission.The assessment team should identify community responses to giving female ex-com- batants the option of joining reconstructed peacetime armies and other security institutions such as intelligence services, border police, customs, immigration services and other law- enforcement services. To boost the number of female peacekeepers, women\u2019s eligibility for peacekeeping roles in other conflict zones should also be determined.In order to plan how to deal with obstacles to reintegration and better prepare the community and returnees to play supportive roles, an ongoing assessment should be con- ducted of community attitudes towards returning female combatants, supporters and depend- ants. Baseline data and analysis should be gathered and then reassessed at various stages of the process. Analysis should focus closely on potential causes of insecurity for returning women and on the extent of gender-based insecurity (e.g., gender-based violence) in comm- unities more generally.If the assessment team has the task of identifying sites for cantonment, such sites should be able to provide separate facilities for women and men, and girls and boys, as required. Sanitary facilities should be designed in a way that allows for privacy, in accordance with culturally accepted norms, and water and sanitation should be available to meet women\u2019s and girls\u2019 hygiene needs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1177, "Sentence":"Gender expertise should be considered an essential element of any assessment mission carried out by the UN, specifically those teams with DDR-related mandates, and gender analysis and information should be adequately reflected in reporting to the Security Council and the UN Development Group that coordinates joint assessment missions before the deployment of a peacekeeping mission.The assessment team should identify community responses to giving female ex-com- batants the option of joining reconstructed peacetime armies and other security institutions such as intelligence services, border police, customs, immigration services and other law- enforcement services.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR gender expertise considered essential element assessment mission carried un specifically team ddrrelated mandate gender analysis information adequately reflected reporting security council un development group coordinate joint assessment mission deployment peacekeeping mission.the assessment team identify community response giving female excom batants option joining reconstructed peacetime army security institution intelligence service border police custom immigration service law enforcement service ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"6.2.1. Assessment phase: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Gender expertise should be considered an essential element of any assessment mission carried out by the UN, specifically those teams with DDR-related mandates, and gender analysis and information should be adequately reflected in reporting to the Security Council and the UN Development Group that coordinates joint assessment missions before the deployment of a peacekeeping mission.The assessment team should identify community responses to giving female ex-com- batants the option of joining reconstructed peacetime armies and other security institutions such as intelligence services, border police, customs, immigration services and other law- enforcement services. To boost the number of female peacekeepers, women\u2019s eligibility for peacekeeping roles in other conflict zones should also be determined.In order to plan how to deal with obstacles to reintegration and better prepare the community and returnees to play supportive roles, an ongoing assessment should be con- ducted of community attitudes towards returning female combatants, supporters and depend- ants. Baseline data and analysis should be gathered and then reassessed at various stages of the process. Analysis should focus closely on potential causes of insecurity for returning women and on the extent of gender-based insecurity (e.g., gender-based violence) in comm- unities more generally.If the assessment team has the task of identifying sites for cantonment, such sites should be able to provide separate facilities for women and men, and girls and boys, as required. Sanitary facilities should be designed in a way that allows for privacy, in accordance with culturally accepted norms, and water and sanitation should be available to meet women\u2019s and girls\u2019 hygiene needs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1177, "Sentence":"To boost the number of female peacekeepers, women\u2019s eligibility for peacekeeping roles in other conflict zones should also be determined.In order to plan how to deal with obstacles to reintegration and better prepare the community and returnees to play supportive roles, an ongoing assessment should be con- ducted of community attitudes towards returning female combatants, supporters and depend- ants.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR boost number female peacekeeper woman \u2019 eligibility peacekeeping role conflict zone also determined.in order plan deal obstacle reintegration better prepare community returnees play supportive role ongoing assessment con ducted community attitude towards returning female combatant supporter depend ant ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"6.2.1. Assessment phase: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Gender expertise should be considered an essential element of any assessment mission carried out by the UN, specifically those teams with DDR-related mandates, and gender analysis and information should be adequately reflected in reporting to the Security Council and the UN Development Group that coordinates joint assessment missions before the deployment of a peacekeeping mission.The assessment team should identify community responses to giving female ex-com- batants the option of joining reconstructed peacetime armies and other security institutions such as intelligence services, border police, customs, immigration services and other law- enforcement services. To boost the number of female peacekeepers, women\u2019s eligibility for peacekeeping roles in other conflict zones should also be determined.In order to plan how to deal with obstacles to reintegration and better prepare the community and returnees to play supportive roles, an ongoing assessment should be con- ducted of community attitudes towards returning female combatants, supporters and depend- ants. Baseline data and analysis should be gathered and then reassessed at various stages of the process. Analysis should focus closely on potential causes of insecurity for returning women and on the extent of gender-based insecurity (e.g., gender-based violence) in comm- unities more generally.If the assessment team has the task of identifying sites for cantonment, such sites should be able to provide separate facilities for women and men, and girls and boys, as required. Sanitary facilities should be designed in a way that allows for privacy, in accordance with culturally accepted norms, and water and sanitation should be available to meet women\u2019s and girls\u2019 hygiene needs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1177, "Sentence":"Baseline data and analysis should be gathered and then reassessed at various stages of the process.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR baseline data analysis gathered reassessed various stage process ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"6.2.1. Assessment phase: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Gender expertise should be considered an essential element of any assessment mission carried out by the UN, specifically those teams with DDR-related mandates, and gender analysis and information should be adequately reflected in reporting to the Security Council and the UN Development Group that coordinates joint assessment missions before the deployment of a peacekeeping mission.The assessment team should identify community responses to giving female ex-com- batants the option of joining reconstructed peacetime armies and other security institutions such as intelligence services, border police, customs, immigration services and other law- enforcement services. To boost the number of female peacekeepers, women\u2019s eligibility for peacekeeping roles in other conflict zones should also be determined.In order to plan how to deal with obstacles to reintegration and better prepare the community and returnees to play supportive roles, an ongoing assessment should be con- ducted of community attitudes towards returning female combatants, supporters and depend- ants. Baseline data and analysis should be gathered and then reassessed at various stages of the process. Analysis should focus closely on potential causes of insecurity for returning women and on the extent of gender-based insecurity (e.g., gender-based violence) in comm- unities more generally.If the assessment team has the task of identifying sites for cantonment, such sites should be able to provide separate facilities for women and men, and girls and boys, as required. Sanitary facilities should be designed in a way that allows for privacy, in accordance with culturally accepted norms, and water and sanitation should be available to meet women\u2019s and girls\u2019 hygiene needs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1177, "Sentence":"Analysis should focus closely on potential causes of insecurity for returning women and on the extent of gender-based insecurity (e.g., gender-based violence) in comm- unities more generally.If the assessment team has the task of identifying sites for cantonment, such sites should be able to provide separate facilities for women and men, and girls and boys, as required.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR analysis focus closely potential cause insecurity returning woman extent genderbased insecurity e.g . genderbased violence comm unity generally.if assessment team task identifying site cantonment site able provide separate facility woman men girl boy required ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"6.2.1. Assessment phase: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Gender expertise should be considered an essential element of any assessment mission carried out by the UN, specifically those teams with DDR-related mandates, and gender analysis and information should be adequately reflected in reporting to the Security Council and the UN Development Group that coordinates joint assessment missions before the deployment of a peacekeeping mission.The assessment team should identify community responses to giving female ex-com- batants the option of joining reconstructed peacetime armies and other security institutions such as intelligence services, border police, customs, immigration services and other law- enforcement services. To boost the number of female peacekeepers, women\u2019s eligibility for peacekeeping roles in other conflict zones should also be determined.In order to plan how to deal with obstacles to reintegration and better prepare the community and returnees to play supportive roles, an ongoing assessment should be con- ducted of community attitudes towards returning female combatants, supporters and depend- ants. Baseline data and analysis should be gathered and then reassessed at various stages of the process. Analysis should focus closely on potential causes of insecurity for returning women and on the extent of gender-based insecurity (e.g., gender-based violence) in comm- unities more generally.If the assessment team has the task of identifying sites for cantonment, such sites should be able to provide separate facilities for women and men, and girls and boys, as required. Sanitary facilities should be designed in a way that allows for privacy, in accordance with culturally accepted norms, and water and sanitation should be available to meet women\u2019s and girls\u2019 hygiene needs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1177, "Sentence":"Sanitary facilities should be designed in a way that allows for privacy, in accordance with culturally accepted norms, and water and sanitation should be available to meet women\u2019s and girls\u2019 hygiene needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR sanitary facility designed way allows privacy accordance culturally accepted norm water sanitation available meet woman \u2019 girl \u2019 hygiene need ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"6.2.2. Assessment phase: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The number and percentage of women and girls in armed groups and forces, and their rank and category, should be ascertained as far as possible before planning begins. Necessary measures should be put in place \u2014 in cooperation with existing military structures, where possible \u2014 to deal with commanders who refuse to disclose the number of female combat- ants or associates in the armed forces or groups that they command. It is the human right of all women and girls who have been abducted to receive assistance to safely leave an armed force or group.Baseline information on patterns of weapons possession and ownership among women and girls should be collected \u2014 if possible, before demobilization \u2014 to gain an accurate picture of what should be expected during disarmament, and to guard against exploitation of women and girls by military personnel, in attempts either to cache weapons or control access to DDR.The assessment team should identify local capacities of women\u2019s organizations already working on security-related issues and work with them to learn about the presence of women and girls in armed groups and forces. All interventions should be designed to sup- port and strengthen existing capacity. (See Annex D for gender-responsive needs assessment and the capacities and vulnerabilities analysis matrix of women\u2019s organizations.)Along with community peace-building forums, women\u2019s organizations should routinely be consulted during assessment missions, as they are often a valuable source of information for planners and public information specialists about, for instance, the community\u2019s percep- tions of the dangers posed by illicit weapons, attitudes towards various types of weapons, the location of weapons caches and other issues such as trans-border weapons trade. Women\u2019s organizations can also provide information about local perceptions of returning female ex- combatants, and of women and girls associated with armed groups and forces.Working closely with senior commanders within armed forces and groups before demo- bilization to begin raising awareness about women\u2019s inclusion and involvement in DDR will have a positive impact and can help improve the cooperation of mid-level commanders where a functioning chain of command is in place.Female interpreters familiar with relevant terminology and concepts should be hired and trained by assessment teams to help with interviewing women and girls involved in or associated with armed groups or forces.Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care, should be planned for. Reproductive health services (including items such as reusable sanitary napkins) and pro- phylactics against sexually transmitted infection (both male and female condoms) should be included as essential items in any health care packages.When planning the transportation of people associated with armed groups and forces to cantonment sites or to their communities, sufficient resources should be budgeted for to offer women and girls the option of being transported separately from men and boys, if their personal safety is a concern.The assessment team report and recommendations for personnel and budgetary require- ments for the DDR process should include provision for female DDR experts, female trans- lators and female field staff for reception centres and cantonment sites to which women combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups can safely report.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1178, "Sentence":"The number and percentage of women and girls in armed groups and forces, and their rank and category, should be ascertained as far as possible before planning begins.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number percentage woman girl armed group force rank category ascertained far possible planning begin ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"6.2.2. Assessment phase: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The number and percentage of women and girls in armed groups and forces, and their rank and category, should be ascertained as far as possible before planning begins. Necessary measures should be put in place \u2014 in cooperation with existing military structures, where possible \u2014 to deal with commanders who refuse to disclose the number of female combat- ants or associates in the armed forces or groups that they command. It is the human right of all women and girls who have been abducted to receive assistance to safely leave an armed force or group.Baseline information on patterns of weapons possession and ownership among women and girls should be collected \u2014 if possible, before demobilization \u2014 to gain an accurate picture of what should be expected during disarmament, and to guard against exploitation of women and girls by military personnel, in attempts either to cache weapons or control access to DDR.The assessment team should identify local capacities of women\u2019s organizations already working on security-related issues and work with them to learn about the presence of women and girls in armed groups and forces. All interventions should be designed to sup- port and strengthen existing capacity. (See Annex D for gender-responsive needs assessment and the capacities and vulnerabilities analysis matrix of women\u2019s organizations.)Along with community peace-building forums, women\u2019s organizations should routinely be consulted during assessment missions, as they are often a valuable source of information for planners and public information specialists about, for instance, the community\u2019s percep- tions of the dangers posed by illicit weapons, attitudes towards various types of weapons, the location of weapons caches and other issues such as trans-border weapons trade. Women\u2019s organizations can also provide information about local perceptions of returning female ex- combatants, and of women and girls associated with armed groups and forces.Working closely with senior commanders within armed forces and groups before demo- bilization to begin raising awareness about women\u2019s inclusion and involvement in DDR will have a positive impact and can help improve the cooperation of mid-level commanders where a functioning chain of command is in place.Female interpreters familiar with relevant terminology and concepts should be hired and trained by assessment teams to help with interviewing women and girls involved in or associated with armed groups or forces.Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care, should be planned for. Reproductive health services (including items such as reusable sanitary napkins) and pro- phylactics against sexually transmitted infection (both male and female condoms) should be included as essential items in any health care packages.When planning the transportation of people associated with armed groups and forces to cantonment sites or to their communities, sufficient resources should be budgeted for to offer women and girls the option of being transported separately from men and boys, if their personal safety is a concern.The assessment team report and recommendations for personnel and budgetary require- ments for the DDR process should include provision for female DDR experts, female trans- lators and female field staff for reception centres and cantonment sites to which women combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups can safely report.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1178, "Sentence":"Necessary measures should be put in place \u2014 in cooperation with existing military structures, where possible \u2014 to deal with commanders who refuse to disclose the number of female combat- ants or associates in the armed forces or groups that they command.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR necessary measure put place \u2014 cooperation existing military structure possible \u2014 deal commander refuse disclose number female combat ant associate armed force group command ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"6.2.2. Assessment phase: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The number and percentage of women and girls in armed groups and forces, and their rank and category, should be ascertained as far as possible before planning begins. Necessary measures should be put in place \u2014 in cooperation with existing military structures, where possible \u2014 to deal with commanders who refuse to disclose the number of female combat- ants or associates in the armed forces or groups that they command. It is the human right of all women and girls who have been abducted to receive assistance to safely leave an armed force or group.Baseline information on patterns of weapons possession and ownership among women and girls should be collected \u2014 if possible, before demobilization \u2014 to gain an accurate picture of what should be expected during disarmament, and to guard against exploitation of women and girls by military personnel, in attempts either to cache weapons or control access to DDR.The assessment team should identify local capacities of women\u2019s organizations already working on security-related issues and work with them to learn about the presence of women and girls in armed groups and forces. All interventions should be designed to sup- port and strengthen existing capacity. (See Annex D for gender-responsive needs assessment and the capacities and vulnerabilities analysis matrix of women\u2019s organizations.)Along with community peace-building forums, women\u2019s organizations should routinely be consulted during assessment missions, as they are often a valuable source of information for planners and public information specialists about, for instance, the community\u2019s percep- tions of the dangers posed by illicit weapons, attitudes towards various types of weapons, the location of weapons caches and other issues such as trans-border weapons trade. Women\u2019s organizations can also provide information about local perceptions of returning female ex- combatants, and of women and girls associated with armed groups and forces.Working closely with senior commanders within armed forces and groups before demo- bilization to begin raising awareness about women\u2019s inclusion and involvement in DDR will have a positive impact and can help improve the cooperation of mid-level commanders where a functioning chain of command is in place.Female interpreters familiar with relevant terminology and concepts should be hired and trained by assessment teams to help with interviewing women and girls involved in or associated with armed groups or forces.Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care, should be planned for. Reproductive health services (including items such as reusable sanitary napkins) and pro- phylactics against sexually transmitted infection (both male and female condoms) should be included as essential items in any health care packages.When planning the transportation of people associated with armed groups and forces to cantonment sites or to their communities, sufficient resources should be budgeted for to offer women and girls the option of being transported separately from men and boys, if their personal safety is a concern.The assessment team report and recommendations for personnel and budgetary require- ments for the DDR process should include provision for female DDR experts, female trans- lators and female field staff for reception centres and cantonment sites to which women combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups can safely report.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1178, "Sentence":"It is the human right of all women and girls who have been abducted to receive assistance to safely leave an armed force or group.Baseline information on patterns of weapons possession and ownership among women and girls should be collected \u2014 if possible, before demobilization \u2014 to gain an accurate picture of what should be expected during disarmament, and to guard against exploitation of women and girls by military personnel, in attempts either to cache weapons or control access to DDR.The assessment team should identify local capacities of women\u2019s organizations already working on security-related issues and work with them to learn about the presence of women and girls in armed groups and forces.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR human right woman girl abducted receive assistance safely leave armed force group.baseline information pattern weapon possession ownership among woman girl collected \u2014 possible demobilization \u2014 gain accurate picture expected disarmament guard exploitation woman girl military personnel attempt either cache weapon control access ddr.the assessment team identify local capacity woman \u2019 organization already working securityrelated issue work learn presence woman girl armed group force ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"6.2.2. Assessment phase: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The number and percentage of women and girls in armed groups and forces, and their rank and category, should be ascertained as far as possible before planning begins. Necessary measures should be put in place \u2014 in cooperation with existing military structures, where possible \u2014 to deal with commanders who refuse to disclose the number of female combat- ants or associates in the armed forces or groups that they command. It is the human right of all women and girls who have been abducted to receive assistance to safely leave an armed force or group.Baseline information on patterns of weapons possession and ownership among women and girls should be collected \u2014 if possible, before demobilization \u2014 to gain an accurate picture of what should be expected during disarmament, and to guard against exploitation of women and girls by military personnel, in attempts either to cache weapons or control access to DDR.The assessment team should identify local capacities of women\u2019s organizations already working on security-related issues and work with them to learn about the presence of women and girls in armed groups and forces. All interventions should be designed to sup- port and strengthen existing capacity. (See Annex D for gender-responsive needs assessment and the capacities and vulnerabilities analysis matrix of women\u2019s organizations.)Along with community peace-building forums, women\u2019s organizations should routinely be consulted during assessment missions, as they are often a valuable source of information for planners and public information specialists about, for instance, the community\u2019s percep- tions of the dangers posed by illicit weapons, attitudes towards various types of weapons, the location of weapons caches and other issues such as trans-border weapons trade. Women\u2019s organizations can also provide information about local perceptions of returning female ex- combatants, and of women and girls associated with armed groups and forces.Working closely with senior commanders within armed forces and groups before demo- bilization to begin raising awareness about women\u2019s inclusion and involvement in DDR will have a positive impact and can help improve the cooperation of mid-level commanders where a functioning chain of command is in place.Female interpreters familiar with relevant terminology and concepts should be hired and trained by assessment teams to help with interviewing women and girls involved in or associated with armed groups or forces.Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care, should be planned for. Reproductive health services (including items such as reusable sanitary napkins) and pro- phylactics against sexually transmitted infection (both male and female condoms) should be included as essential items in any health care packages.When planning the transportation of people associated with armed groups and forces to cantonment sites or to their communities, sufficient resources should be budgeted for to offer women and girls the option of being transported separately from men and boys, if their personal safety is a concern.The assessment team report and recommendations for personnel and budgetary require- ments for the DDR process should include provision for female DDR experts, female trans- lators and female field staff for reception centres and cantonment sites to which women combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups can safely report.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1178, "Sentence":"All interventions should be designed to sup- port and strengthen existing capacity.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR intervention designed sup port strengthen existing capacity ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"6.2.2. Assessment phase: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The number and percentage of women and girls in armed groups and forces, and their rank and category, should be ascertained as far as possible before planning begins. Necessary measures should be put in place \u2014 in cooperation with existing military structures, where possible \u2014 to deal with commanders who refuse to disclose the number of female combat- ants or associates in the armed forces or groups that they command. It is the human right of all women and girls who have been abducted to receive assistance to safely leave an armed force or group.Baseline information on patterns of weapons possession and ownership among women and girls should be collected \u2014 if possible, before demobilization \u2014 to gain an accurate picture of what should be expected during disarmament, and to guard against exploitation of women and girls by military personnel, in attempts either to cache weapons or control access to DDR.The assessment team should identify local capacities of women\u2019s organizations already working on security-related issues and work with them to learn about the presence of women and girls in armed groups and forces. All interventions should be designed to sup- port and strengthen existing capacity. (See Annex D for gender-responsive needs assessment and the capacities and vulnerabilities analysis matrix of women\u2019s organizations.)Along with community peace-building forums, women\u2019s organizations should routinely be consulted during assessment missions, as they are often a valuable source of information for planners and public information specialists about, for instance, the community\u2019s percep- tions of the dangers posed by illicit weapons, attitudes towards various types of weapons, the location of weapons caches and other issues such as trans-border weapons trade. Women\u2019s organizations can also provide information about local perceptions of returning female ex- combatants, and of women and girls associated with armed groups and forces.Working closely with senior commanders within armed forces and groups before demo- bilization to begin raising awareness about women\u2019s inclusion and involvement in DDR will have a positive impact and can help improve the cooperation of mid-level commanders where a functioning chain of command is in place.Female interpreters familiar with relevant terminology and concepts should be hired and trained by assessment teams to help with interviewing women and girls involved in or associated with armed groups or forces.Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care, should be planned for. Reproductive health services (including items such as reusable sanitary napkins) and pro- phylactics against sexually transmitted infection (both male and female condoms) should be included as essential items in any health care packages.When planning the transportation of people associated with armed groups and forces to cantonment sites or to their communities, sufficient resources should be budgeted for to offer women and girls the option of being transported separately from men and boys, if their personal safety is a concern.The assessment team report and recommendations for personnel and budgetary require- ments for the DDR process should include provision for female DDR experts, female trans- lators and female field staff for reception centres and cantonment sites to which women combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups can safely report.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1178, "Sentence":"(See Annex D for gender-responsive needs assessment and the capacities and vulnerabilities analysis matrix of women\u2019s organizations.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR see annex genderresponsive need assessment capacity vulnerability analysis matrix woman \u2019 organization ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"6.2.2. Assessment phase: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The number and percentage of women and girls in armed groups and forces, and their rank and category, should be ascertained as far as possible before planning begins. Necessary measures should be put in place \u2014 in cooperation with existing military structures, where possible \u2014 to deal with commanders who refuse to disclose the number of female combat- ants or associates in the armed forces or groups that they command. It is the human right of all women and girls who have been abducted to receive assistance to safely leave an armed force or group.Baseline information on patterns of weapons possession and ownership among women and girls should be collected \u2014 if possible, before demobilization \u2014 to gain an accurate picture of what should be expected during disarmament, and to guard against exploitation of women and girls by military personnel, in attempts either to cache weapons or control access to DDR.The assessment team should identify local capacities of women\u2019s organizations already working on security-related issues and work with them to learn about the presence of women and girls in armed groups and forces. All interventions should be designed to sup- port and strengthen existing capacity. (See Annex D for gender-responsive needs assessment and the capacities and vulnerabilities analysis matrix of women\u2019s organizations.)Along with community peace-building forums, women\u2019s organizations should routinely be consulted during assessment missions, as they are often a valuable source of information for planners and public information specialists about, for instance, the community\u2019s percep- tions of the dangers posed by illicit weapons, attitudes towards various types of weapons, the location of weapons caches and other issues such as trans-border weapons trade. Women\u2019s organizations can also provide information about local perceptions of returning female ex- combatants, and of women and girls associated with armed groups and forces.Working closely with senior commanders within armed forces and groups before demo- bilization to begin raising awareness about women\u2019s inclusion and involvement in DDR will have a positive impact and can help improve the cooperation of mid-level commanders where a functioning chain of command is in place.Female interpreters familiar with relevant terminology and concepts should be hired and trained by assessment teams to help with interviewing women and girls involved in or associated with armed groups or forces.Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care, should be planned for. Reproductive health services (including items such as reusable sanitary napkins) and pro- phylactics against sexually transmitted infection (both male and female condoms) should be included as essential items in any health care packages.When planning the transportation of people associated with armed groups and forces to cantonment sites or to their communities, sufficient resources should be budgeted for to offer women and girls the option of being transported separately from men and boys, if their personal safety is a concern.The assessment team report and recommendations for personnel and budgetary require- ments for the DDR process should include provision for female DDR experts, female trans- lators and female field staff for reception centres and cantonment sites to which women combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups can safely report.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1178, "Sentence":")Along with community peace-building forums, women\u2019s organizations should routinely be consulted during assessment missions, as they are often a valuable source of information for planners and public information specialists about, for instance, the community\u2019s percep- tions of the dangers posed by illicit weapons, attitudes towards various types of weapons, the location of weapons caches and other issues such as trans-border weapons trade.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR along community peacebuilding forum woman \u2019 organization routinely consulted assessment mission often valuable source information planner public information specialist instance community \u2019 percep tions danger posed illicit weapon attitude towards various type weapon location weapon cache issue transborder weapon trade ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"6.2.2. Assessment phase: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The number and percentage of women and girls in armed groups and forces, and their rank and category, should be ascertained as far as possible before planning begins. Necessary measures should be put in place \u2014 in cooperation with existing military structures, where possible \u2014 to deal with commanders who refuse to disclose the number of female combat- ants or associates in the armed forces or groups that they command. It is the human right of all women and girls who have been abducted to receive assistance to safely leave an armed force or group.Baseline information on patterns of weapons possession and ownership among women and girls should be collected \u2014 if possible, before demobilization \u2014 to gain an accurate picture of what should be expected during disarmament, and to guard against exploitation of women and girls by military personnel, in attempts either to cache weapons or control access to DDR.The assessment team should identify local capacities of women\u2019s organizations already working on security-related issues and work with them to learn about the presence of women and girls in armed groups and forces. All interventions should be designed to sup- port and strengthen existing capacity. (See Annex D for gender-responsive needs assessment and the capacities and vulnerabilities analysis matrix of women\u2019s organizations.)Along with community peace-building forums, women\u2019s organizations should routinely be consulted during assessment missions, as they are often a valuable source of information for planners and public information specialists about, for instance, the community\u2019s percep- tions of the dangers posed by illicit weapons, attitudes towards various types of weapons, the location of weapons caches and other issues such as trans-border weapons trade. Women\u2019s organizations can also provide information about local perceptions of returning female ex- combatants, and of women and girls associated with armed groups and forces.Working closely with senior commanders within armed forces and groups before demo- bilization to begin raising awareness about women\u2019s inclusion and involvement in DDR will have a positive impact and can help improve the cooperation of mid-level commanders where a functioning chain of command is in place.Female interpreters familiar with relevant terminology and concepts should be hired and trained by assessment teams to help with interviewing women and girls involved in or associated with armed groups or forces.Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care, should be planned for. Reproductive health services (including items such as reusable sanitary napkins) and pro- phylactics against sexually transmitted infection (both male and female condoms) should be included as essential items in any health care packages.When planning the transportation of people associated with armed groups and forces to cantonment sites or to their communities, sufficient resources should be budgeted for to offer women and girls the option of being transported separately from men and boys, if their personal safety is a concern.The assessment team report and recommendations for personnel and budgetary require- ments for the DDR process should include provision for female DDR experts, female trans- lators and female field staff for reception centres and cantonment sites to which women combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups can safely report.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1178, "Sentence":"Women\u2019s organizations can also provide information about local perceptions of returning female ex- combatants, and of women and girls associated with armed groups and forces.Working closely with senior commanders within armed forces and groups before demo- bilization to begin raising awareness about women\u2019s inclusion and involvement in DDR will have a positive impact and can help improve the cooperation of mid-level commanders where a functioning chain of command is in place.Female interpreters familiar with relevant terminology and concepts should be hired and trained by assessment teams to help with interviewing women and girls involved in or associated with armed groups or forces.Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care, should be planned for.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman \u2019 organization also provide information local perception returning female ex combatant woman girl associated armed group forces.working closely senior commander within armed force group demo bilization begin raising awareness woman \u2019 inclusion involvement ddr positive impact help improve cooperation midlevel commander functioning chain command place.female interpreter familiar relevant terminology concept hired trained assessment team help interviewing woman girl involved associated armed group forces.women \u2019 specific health need including gynaecological care planned ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.2 Assessment phase", "Heading3":"6.2.2. Assessment phase: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The number and percentage of women and girls in armed groups and forces, and their rank and category, should be ascertained as far as possible before planning begins. Necessary measures should be put in place \u2014 in cooperation with existing military structures, where possible \u2014 to deal with commanders who refuse to disclose the number of female combat- ants or associates in the armed forces or groups that they command. It is the human right of all women and girls who have been abducted to receive assistance to safely leave an armed force or group.Baseline information on patterns of weapons possession and ownership among women and girls should be collected \u2014 if possible, before demobilization \u2014 to gain an accurate picture of what should be expected during disarmament, and to guard against exploitation of women and girls by military personnel, in attempts either to cache weapons or control access to DDR.The assessment team should identify local capacities of women\u2019s organizations already working on security-related issues and work with them to learn about the presence of women and girls in armed groups and forces. All interventions should be designed to sup- port and strengthen existing capacity. (See Annex D for gender-responsive needs assessment and the capacities and vulnerabilities analysis matrix of women\u2019s organizations.)Along with community peace-building forums, women\u2019s organizations should routinely be consulted during assessment missions, as they are often a valuable source of information for planners and public information specialists about, for instance, the community\u2019s percep- tions of the dangers posed by illicit weapons, attitudes towards various types of weapons, the location of weapons caches and other issues such as trans-border weapons trade. Women\u2019s organizations can also provide information about local perceptions of returning female ex- combatants, and of women and girls associated with armed groups and forces.Working closely with senior commanders within armed forces and groups before demo- bilization to begin raising awareness about women\u2019s inclusion and involvement in DDR will have a positive impact and can help improve the cooperation of mid-level commanders where a functioning chain of command is in place.Female interpreters familiar with relevant terminology and concepts should be hired and trained by assessment teams to help with interviewing women and girls involved in or associated with armed groups or forces.Women\u2019s specific health needs, including gynaecological care, should be planned for. Reproductive health services (including items such as reusable sanitary napkins) and pro- phylactics against sexually transmitted infection (both male and female condoms) should be included as essential items in any health care packages.When planning the transportation of people associated with armed groups and forces to cantonment sites or to their communities, sufficient resources should be budgeted for to offer women and girls the option of being transported separately from men and boys, if their personal safety is a concern.The assessment team report and recommendations for personnel and budgetary require- ments for the DDR process should include provision for female DDR experts, female trans- lators and female field staff for reception centres and cantonment sites to which women combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups can safely report.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1178, "Sentence":"Reproductive health services (including items such as reusable sanitary napkins) and pro- phylactics against sexually transmitted infection (both male and female condoms) should be included as essential items in any health care packages.When planning the transportation of people associated with armed groups and forces to cantonment sites or to their communities, sufficient resources should be budgeted for to offer women and girls the option of being transported separately from men and boys, if their personal safety is a concern.The assessment team report and recommendations for personnel and budgetary require- ments for the DDR process should include provision for female DDR experts, female trans- lators and female field staff for reception centres and cantonment sites to which women combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups can safely report.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR reproductive health service including item reusable sanitary napkin pro phylactics sexually transmitted infection male female condom included essential item health care packages.when planning transportation people associated armed group force cantonment site community sufficient resource budgeted offer woman girl option transported separately men boy personal safety concern.the assessment team report recommendation personnel budgetary require ments ddr process include provision female ddr expert female trans lators female field staff reception centre cantonment site woman combatant woman associated armed force group safely report ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"A strict \u2018one man, one gun\u2019 eligibility requirement for DDR, or an eligibility test based on proficiency in handling weapons, may exclude many women and girls from entry into DDR programmes. The narrow definition of who qualifies as a \u2018combatant\u2019 has been moti- vated to a certain extent by budgetary considerations, and this has meant that DDR planners have often overlooked or inadequately attended to the needs of a large group of people participating in and associated with armed groups and forces. However, these same peo- ple also present potential security concerns that might complicate DDR.If those who do not fit the category of a \u2018male, able-bodied combatant\u2019 are overlooked, DDR activities are not only less efficient, but run the risk of reinforcing existing gender inequalities in local communities and making economic hardship worse for women and girls in armed groups and forces, some of whom may have unresolved trauma and reduced physical capacity as a result of violence experienced during the conflict. Marginalized women with experience of combat are at risk for re-recruitment into armed groups and forces and may ultimately undermine the peace-building potential of DDR processes. The involvement of women is the best way of ensuring their longer-term participation in security sector reform and in the uniformed services more generally, which again will improve long-term security.Box 3 Why are female supporters\/FAAFGs eligible for demobilization? \\n Female supporters and females associated with armed forces and groups shall enter DDR at the demobilization stage because, even if they are not as much of a security risk as combatants, the DDR process, by definition, will break down their social support systems through the demobilization of those on whom they have relied to make a living. If the aim of DDR is to provide broad-based community security, it cannot create insecurity for this group of women by ignoring their special needs. Even if the argument is made that women associated with armed forces and groups should be included in more broadly coordinated reintegration and recovery frameworks, it is important to remember that they will then miss out on specifically designed support to help them make the transition from a military to a civilian lifestyle. In addition, many of the programmes aimed at enabling communities to reinforce reintegration will not be in place early enough to deal with the immediate needs of this group of women.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1179, "Sentence":"A strict \u2018one man, one gun\u2019 eligibility requirement for DDR, or an eligibility test based on proficiency in handling weapons, may exclude many women and girls from entry into DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR strict \u2018 one man one gun \u2019 eligibility requirement ddr eligibility test based proficiency handling weapon may exclude many woman girl entry ddr programme ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"A strict \u2018one man, one gun\u2019 eligibility requirement for DDR, or an eligibility test based on proficiency in handling weapons, may exclude many women and girls from entry into DDR programmes. The narrow definition of who qualifies as a \u2018combatant\u2019 has been moti- vated to a certain extent by budgetary considerations, and this has meant that DDR planners have often overlooked or inadequately attended to the needs of a large group of people participating in and associated with armed groups and forces. However, these same peo- ple also present potential security concerns that might complicate DDR.If those who do not fit the category of a \u2018male, able-bodied combatant\u2019 are overlooked, DDR activities are not only less efficient, but run the risk of reinforcing existing gender inequalities in local communities and making economic hardship worse for women and girls in armed groups and forces, some of whom may have unresolved trauma and reduced physical capacity as a result of violence experienced during the conflict. Marginalized women with experience of combat are at risk for re-recruitment into armed groups and forces and may ultimately undermine the peace-building potential of DDR processes. The involvement of women is the best way of ensuring their longer-term participation in security sector reform and in the uniformed services more generally, which again will improve long-term security.Box 3 Why are female supporters\/FAAFGs eligible for demobilization? \\n Female supporters and females associated with armed forces and groups shall enter DDR at the demobilization stage because, even if they are not as much of a security risk as combatants, the DDR process, by definition, will break down their social support systems through the demobilization of those on whom they have relied to make a living. If the aim of DDR is to provide broad-based community security, it cannot create insecurity for this group of women by ignoring their special needs. Even if the argument is made that women associated with armed forces and groups should be included in more broadly coordinated reintegration and recovery frameworks, it is important to remember that they will then miss out on specifically designed support to help them make the transition from a military to a civilian lifestyle. In addition, many of the programmes aimed at enabling communities to reinforce reintegration will not be in place early enough to deal with the immediate needs of this group of women.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1179, "Sentence":"The narrow definition of who qualifies as a \u2018combatant\u2019 has been moti- vated to a certain extent by budgetary considerations, and this has meant that DDR planners have often overlooked or inadequately attended to the needs of a large group of people participating in and associated with armed groups and forces.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR narrow definition qualifies \u2018 combatant \u2019 moti vated certain extent budgetary consideration meant ddr planner often overlooked inadequately attended need large group people participating associated armed group force ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"A strict \u2018one man, one gun\u2019 eligibility requirement for DDR, or an eligibility test based on proficiency in handling weapons, may exclude many women and girls from entry into DDR programmes. The narrow definition of who qualifies as a \u2018combatant\u2019 has been moti- vated to a certain extent by budgetary considerations, and this has meant that DDR planners have often overlooked or inadequately attended to the needs of a large group of people participating in and associated with armed groups and forces. However, these same peo- ple also present potential security concerns that might complicate DDR.If those who do not fit the category of a \u2018male, able-bodied combatant\u2019 are overlooked, DDR activities are not only less efficient, but run the risk of reinforcing existing gender inequalities in local communities and making economic hardship worse for women and girls in armed groups and forces, some of whom may have unresolved trauma and reduced physical capacity as a result of violence experienced during the conflict. Marginalized women with experience of combat are at risk for re-recruitment into armed groups and forces and may ultimately undermine the peace-building potential of DDR processes. The involvement of women is the best way of ensuring their longer-term participation in security sector reform and in the uniformed services more generally, which again will improve long-term security.Box 3 Why are female supporters\/FAAFGs eligible for demobilization? \\n Female supporters and females associated with armed forces and groups shall enter DDR at the demobilization stage because, even if they are not as much of a security risk as combatants, the DDR process, by definition, will break down their social support systems through the demobilization of those on whom they have relied to make a living. If the aim of DDR is to provide broad-based community security, it cannot create insecurity for this group of women by ignoring their special needs. Even if the argument is made that women associated with armed forces and groups should be included in more broadly coordinated reintegration and recovery frameworks, it is important to remember that they will then miss out on specifically designed support to help them make the transition from a military to a civilian lifestyle. In addition, many of the programmes aimed at enabling communities to reinforce reintegration will not be in place early enough to deal with the immediate needs of this group of women.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1179, "Sentence":"However, these same peo- ple also present potential security concerns that might complicate DDR.If those who do not fit the category of a \u2018male, able-bodied combatant\u2019 are overlooked, DDR activities are not only less efficient, but run the risk of reinforcing existing gender inequalities in local communities and making economic hardship worse for women and girls in armed groups and forces, some of whom may have unresolved trauma and reduced physical capacity as a result of violence experienced during the conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR however peo ple also present potential security concern might complicate ddr.if fit category \u2018 male ablebodied combatant \u2019 overlooked ddr activity le efficient run risk reinforcing existing gender inequality local community making economic hardship worse woman girl armed group force may unresolved trauma reduced physical capacity result violence experienced conflict ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"A strict \u2018one man, one gun\u2019 eligibility requirement for DDR, or an eligibility test based on proficiency in handling weapons, may exclude many women and girls from entry into DDR programmes. The narrow definition of who qualifies as a \u2018combatant\u2019 has been moti- vated to a certain extent by budgetary considerations, and this has meant that DDR planners have often overlooked or inadequately attended to the needs of a large group of people participating in and associated with armed groups and forces. However, these same peo- ple also present potential security concerns that might complicate DDR.If those who do not fit the category of a \u2018male, able-bodied combatant\u2019 are overlooked, DDR activities are not only less efficient, but run the risk of reinforcing existing gender inequalities in local communities and making economic hardship worse for women and girls in armed groups and forces, some of whom may have unresolved trauma and reduced physical capacity as a result of violence experienced during the conflict. Marginalized women with experience of combat are at risk for re-recruitment into armed groups and forces and may ultimately undermine the peace-building potential of DDR processes. The involvement of women is the best way of ensuring their longer-term participation in security sector reform and in the uniformed services more generally, which again will improve long-term security.Box 3 Why are female supporters\/FAAFGs eligible for demobilization? \\n Female supporters and females associated with armed forces and groups shall enter DDR at the demobilization stage because, even if they are not as much of a security risk as combatants, the DDR process, by definition, will break down their social support systems through the demobilization of those on whom they have relied to make a living. If the aim of DDR is to provide broad-based community security, it cannot create insecurity for this group of women by ignoring their special needs. Even if the argument is made that women associated with armed forces and groups should be included in more broadly coordinated reintegration and recovery frameworks, it is important to remember that they will then miss out on specifically designed support to help them make the transition from a military to a civilian lifestyle. In addition, many of the programmes aimed at enabling communities to reinforce reintegration will not be in place early enough to deal with the immediate needs of this group of women.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1179, "Sentence":"Marginalized women with experience of combat are at risk for re-recruitment into armed groups and forces and may ultimately undermine the peace-building potential of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR marginalized woman experience combat risk rerecruitment armed group force may ultimately undermine peacebuilding potential ddr process ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"A strict \u2018one man, one gun\u2019 eligibility requirement for DDR, or an eligibility test based on proficiency in handling weapons, may exclude many women and girls from entry into DDR programmes. The narrow definition of who qualifies as a \u2018combatant\u2019 has been moti- vated to a certain extent by budgetary considerations, and this has meant that DDR planners have often overlooked or inadequately attended to the needs of a large group of people participating in and associated with armed groups and forces. However, these same peo- ple also present potential security concerns that might complicate DDR.If those who do not fit the category of a \u2018male, able-bodied combatant\u2019 are overlooked, DDR activities are not only less efficient, but run the risk of reinforcing existing gender inequalities in local communities and making economic hardship worse for women and girls in armed groups and forces, some of whom may have unresolved trauma and reduced physical capacity as a result of violence experienced during the conflict. Marginalized women with experience of combat are at risk for re-recruitment into armed groups and forces and may ultimately undermine the peace-building potential of DDR processes. The involvement of women is the best way of ensuring their longer-term participation in security sector reform and in the uniformed services more generally, which again will improve long-term security.Box 3 Why are female supporters\/FAAFGs eligible for demobilization? \\n Female supporters and females associated with armed forces and groups shall enter DDR at the demobilization stage because, even if they are not as much of a security risk as combatants, the DDR process, by definition, will break down their social support systems through the demobilization of those on whom they have relied to make a living. If the aim of DDR is to provide broad-based community security, it cannot create insecurity for this group of women by ignoring their special needs. Even if the argument is made that women associated with armed forces and groups should be included in more broadly coordinated reintegration and recovery frameworks, it is important to remember that they will then miss out on specifically designed support to help them make the transition from a military to a civilian lifestyle. In addition, many of the programmes aimed at enabling communities to reinforce reintegration will not be in place early enough to deal with the immediate needs of this group of women.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1179, "Sentence":"The involvement of women is the best way of ensuring their longer-term participation in security sector reform and in the uniformed services more generally, which again will improve long-term security.Box 3 Why are female supporters\/FAAFGs eligible for demobilization?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR involvement woman best way ensuring longerterm participation security sector reform uniformed service generally improve longterm security.box 3 female supporters\/faafgs eligible demobilization" }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"A strict \u2018one man, one gun\u2019 eligibility requirement for DDR, or an eligibility test based on proficiency in handling weapons, may exclude many women and girls from entry into DDR programmes. The narrow definition of who qualifies as a \u2018combatant\u2019 has been moti- vated to a certain extent by budgetary considerations, and this has meant that DDR planners have often overlooked or inadequately attended to the needs of a large group of people participating in and associated with armed groups and forces. However, these same peo- ple also present potential security concerns that might complicate DDR.If those who do not fit the category of a \u2018male, able-bodied combatant\u2019 are overlooked, DDR activities are not only less efficient, but run the risk of reinforcing existing gender inequalities in local communities and making economic hardship worse for women and girls in armed groups and forces, some of whom may have unresolved trauma and reduced physical capacity as a result of violence experienced during the conflict. Marginalized women with experience of combat are at risk for re-recruitment into armed groups and forces and may ultimately undermine the peace-building potential of DDR processes. The involvement of women is the best way of ensuring their longer-term participation in security sector reform and in the uniformed services more generally, which again will improve long-term security.Box 3 Why are female supporters\/FAAFGs eligible for demobilization? \\n Female supporters and females associated with armed forces and groups shall enter DDR at the demobilization stage because, even if they are not as much of a security risk as combatants, the DDR process, by definition, will break down their social support systems through the demobilization of those on whom they have relied to make a living. If the aim of DDR is to provide broad-based community security, it cannot create insecurity for this group of women by ignoring their special needs. Even if the argument is made that women associated with armed forces and groups should be included in more broadly coordinated reintegration and recovery frameworks, it is important to remember that they will then miss out on specifically designed support to help them make the transition from a military to a civilian lifestyle. In addition, many of the programmes aimed at enabling communities to reinforce reintegration will not be in place early enough to deal with the immediate needs of this group of women.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1179, "Sentence":"\\n Female supporters and females associated with armed forces and groups shall enter DDR at the demobilization stage because, even if they are not as much of a security risk as combatants, the DDR process, by definition, will break down their social support systems through the demobilization of those on whom they have relied to make a living.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n female supporter female associated armed force group shall enter ddr demobilization stage even much security risk combatant ddr process definition break social support system demobilization relied make living ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"A strict \u2018one man, one gun\u2019 eligibility requirement for DDR, or an eligibility test based on proficiency in handling weapons, may exclude many women and girls from entry into DDR programmes. The narrow definition of who qualifies as a \u2018combatant\u2019 has been moti- vated to a certain extent by budgetary considerations, and this has meant that DDR planners have often overlooked or inadequately attended to the needs of a large group of people participating in and associated with armed groups and forces. However, these same peo- ple also present potential security concerns that might complicate DDR.If those who do not fit the category of a \u2018male, able-bodied combatant\u2019 are overlooked, DDR activities are not only less efficient, but run the risk of reinforcing existing gender inequalities in local communities and making economic hardship worse for women and girls in armed groups and forces, some of whom may have unresolved trauma and reduced physical capacity as a result of violence experienced during the conflict. Marginalized women with experience of combat are at risk for re-recruitment into armed groups and forces and may ultimately undermine the peace-building potential of DDR processes. The involvement of women is the best way of ensuring their longer-term participation in security sector reform and in the uniformed services more generally, which again will improve long-term security.Box 3 Why are female supporters\/FAAFGs eligible for demobilization? \\n Female supporters and females associated with armed forces and groups shall enter DDR at the demobilization stage because, even if they are not as much of a security risk as combatants, the DDR process, by definition, will break down their social support systems through the demobilization of those on whom they have relied to make a living. If the aim of DDR is to provide broad-based community security, it cannot create insecurity for this group of women by ignoring their special needs. Even if the argument is made that women associated with armed forces and groups should be included in more broadly coordinated reintegration and recovery frameworks, it is important to remember that they will then miss out on specifically designed support to help them make the transition from a military to a civilian lifestyle. In addition, many of the programmes aimed at enabling communities to reinforce reintegration will not be in place early enough to deal with the immediate needs of this group of women.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1179, "Sentence":"If the aim of DDR is to provide broad-based community security, it cannot create insecurity for this group of women by ignoring their special needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR aim ddr provide broadbased community security create insecurity group woman ignoring special need ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"A strict \u2018one man, one gun\u2019 eligibility requirement for DDR, or an eligibility test based on proficiency in handling weapons, may exclude many women and girls from entry into DDR programmes. The narrow definition of who qualifies as a \u2018combatant\u2019 has been moti- vated to a certain extent by budgetary considerations, and this has meant that DDR planners have often overlooked or inadequately attended to the needs of a large group of people participating in and associated with armed groups and forces. However, these same peo- ple also present potential security concerns that might complicate DDR.If those who do not fit the category of a \u2018male, able-bodied combatant\u2019 are overlooked, DDR activities are not only less efficient, but run the risk of reinforcing existing gender inequalities in local communities and making economic hardship worse for women and girls in armed groups and forces, some of whom may have unresolved trauma and reduced physical capacity as a result of violence experienced during the conflict. Marginalized women with experience of combat are at risk for re-recruitment into armed groups and forces and may ultimately undermine the peace-building potential of DDR processes. The involvement of women is the best way of ensuring their longer-term participation in security sector reform and in the uniformed services more generally, which again will improve long-term security.Box 3 Why are female supporters\/FAAFGs eligible for demobilization? \\n Female supporters and females associated with armed forces and groups shall enter DDR at the demobilization stage because, even if they are not as much of a security risk as combatants, the DDR process, by definition, will break down their social support systems through the demobilization of those on whom they have relied to make a living. If the aim of DDR is to provide broad-based community security, it cannot create insecurity for this group of women by ignoring their special needs. Even if the argument is made that women associated with armed forces and groups should be included in more broadly coordinated reintegration and recovery frameworks, it is important to remember that they will then miss out on specifically designed support to help them make the transition from a military to a civilian lifestyle. In addition, many of the programmes aimed at enabling communities to reinforce reintegration will not be in place early enough to deal with the immediate needs of this group of women.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1179, "Sentence":"Even if the argument is made that women associated with armed forces and groups should be included in more broadly coordinated reintegration and recovery frameworks, it is important to remember that they will then miss out on specifically designed support to help them make the transition from a military to a civilian lifestyle.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR even argument made woman associated armed force group included broadly coordinated reintegration recovery framework important remember miss specifically designed support help make transition military civilian lifestyle ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"A strict \u2018one man, one gun\u2019 eligibility requirement for DDR, or an eligibility test based on proficiency in handling weapons, may exclude many women and girls from entry into DDR programmes. The narrow definition of who qualifies as a \u2018combatant\u2019 has been moti- vated to a certain extent by budgetary considerations, and this has meant that DDR planners have often overlooked or inadequately attended to the needs of a large group of people participating in and associated with armed groups and forces. However, these same peo- ple also present potential security concerns that might complicate DDR.If those who do not fit the category of a \u2018male, able-bodied combatant\u2019 are overlooked, DDR activities are not only less efficient, but run the risk of reinforcing existing gender inequalities in local communities and making economic hardship worse for women and girls in armed groups and forces, some of whom may have unresolved trauma and reduced physical capacity as a result of violence experienced during the conflict. Marginalized women with experience of combat are at risk for re-recruitment into armed groups and forces and may ultimately undermine the peace-building potential of DDR processes. The involvement of women is the best way of ensuring their longer-term participation in security sector reform and in the uniformed services more generally, which again will improve long-term security.Box 3 Why are female supporters\/FAAFGs eligible for demobilization? \\n Female supporters and females associated with armed forces and groups shall enter DDR at the demobilization stage because, even if they are not as much of a security risk as combatants, the DDR process, by definition, will break down their social support systems through the demobilization of those on whom they have relied to make a living. If the aim of DDR is to provide broad-based community security, it cannot create insecurity for this group of women by ignoring their special needs. Even if the argument is made that women associated with armed forces and groups should be included in more broadly coordinated reintegration and recovery frameworks, it is important to remember that they will then miss out on specifically designed support to help them make the transition from a military to a civilian lifestyle. In addition, many of the programmes aimed at enabling communities to reinforce reintegration will not be in place early enough to deal with the immediate needs of this group of women.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1179, "Sentence":"In addition, many of the programmes aimed at enabling communities to reinforce reintegration will not be in place early enough to deal with the immediate needs of this group of women.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR addition many programme aimed enabling community reinforce reintegration place early enough deal immediate need group woman ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"6.3.1. Demobilization mandates, scope, institutional arrangements: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"In drafting a peace mission\u2019s plan of operations, the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) shall reflect the recommendations of the assessment team and produce language that defines a mandate for a gender-sensitive DDR process in compliance with Security Council resolution 1325. Specifically, DDR programme participants shall include those who play support functions essential for the maintenance and cohesion of armed groups and forces, and reflect consideration of the needs of individuals dependent on combatants.When the Security Council establishes a peacekeeping operation with mandated DDR functions, components that will ensure gender equity should be adequately financed through the assessed budget of UN peacekeeping operations and not voluntary contributions alone. From the start, funds should be allocated for gender experts and expertise to help with the planning and implementation of dedicated programmes serving the needs of female ex-com- batants, supporters and dependants. Gender advisers and expertise should be considered essential in the staffing structure of DDR units.The UN should facilitate financial support of the gender components of DDR processes. DDR programme budgets should be made gender-responsive by allocating sufficient amounts of resources to all gender-related activities and female-specific interventions.When collaborating with regional, bilateral and multilateral organizations, DDR prac- titioners should encourage gender mainstreaming and compliance with Security Council resolution 1325 throughout all DDR efforts that they lead or support, encouraging all partners, such as client countries, donors and other stakeholders, to dedicate human and economic resources towards gender mainstreaming throughout all phases of DDR.DDR practitioners should ensure that the various personnel of the peacekeeping mission, from the SRSG to the troops on the ground, are aware of the importance of gender consid- erations in DDR activities. Several strategies can be used: (1) ensuring that DDR training programmes that are routinely provided for military and civilian staff reflect gender-related aspects; (2) developing accountability mechanisms to ensure that all staff are committed to gender equity; and (3) integrating gender training into the training programme for the troops involved.Box 4 Gender training in DDR \\n\\n Main topics of training \\n Gender mainstreaming and human rights \\n Sexual and gender-based violence \\n Gender roles and relations (before, during and after the conflict) \\n Gender identities \\n Gender issues in HIV\/AIDS and human trafficking \\n\\n Main participants \\n Ex-combatants, supporters, dependants (both male and female) \\n DDR programme staffs \\n Representatives of government \\n Women\u2019s groups and NGOs \\n Community leaders and traditional authorities", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1180, "Sentence":"In drafting a peace mission\u2019s plan of operations, the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) shall reflect the recommendations of the assessment team and produce language that defines a mandate for a gender-sensitive DDR process in compliance with Security Council resolution 1325.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR drafting peace mission \u2019 plan operation department peacekeeping operation dpko shall reflect recommendation assessment team produce language defines mandate gendersensitive ddr process compliance security council resolution 1325 ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"6.3.1. Demobilization mandates, scope, institutional arrangements: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"In drafting a peace mission\u2019s plan of operations, the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) shall reflect the recommendations of the assessment team and produce language that defines a mandate for a gender-sensitive DDR process in compliance with Security Council resolution 1325. Specifically, DDR programme participants shall include those who play support functions essential for the maintenance and cohesion of armed groups and forces, and reflect consideration of the needs of individuals dependent on combatants.When the Security Council establishes a peacekeeping operation with mandated DDR functions, components that will ensure gender equity should be adequately financed through the assessed budget of UN peacekeeping operations and not voluntary contributions alone. From the start, funds should be allocated for gender experts and expertise to help with the planning and implementation of dedicated programmes serving the needs of female ex-com- batants, supporters and dependants. Gender advisers and expertise should be considered essential in the staffing structure of DDR units.The UN should facilitate financial support of the gender components of DDR processes. DDR programme budgets should be made gender-responsive by allocating sufficient amounts of resources to all gender-related activities and female-specific interventions.When collaborating with regional, bilateral and multilateral organizations, DDR prac- titioners should encourage gender mainstreaming and compliance with Security Council resolution 1325 throughout all DDR efforts that they lead or support, encouraging all partners, such as client countries, donors and other stakeholders, to dedicate human and economic resources towards gender mainstreaming throughout all phases of DDR.DDR practitioners should ensure that the various personnel of the peacekeeping mission, from the SRSG to the troops on the ground, are aware of the importance of gender consid- erations in DDR activities. Several strategies can be used: (1) ensuring that DDR training programmes that are routinely provided for military and civilian staff reflect gender-related aspects; (2) developing accountability mechanisms to ensure that all staff are committed to gender equity; and (3) integrating gender training into the training programme for the troops involved.Box 4 Gender training in DDR \\n\\n Main topics of training \\n Gender mainstreaming and human rights \\n Sexual and gender-based violence \\n Gender roles and relations (before, during and after the conflict) \\n Gender identities \\n Gender issues in HIV\/AIDS and human trafficking \\n\\n Main participants \\n Ex-combatants, supporters, dependants (both male and female) \\n DDR programme staffs \\n Representatives of government \\n Women\u2019s groups and NGOs \\n Community leaders and traditional authorities", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1180, "Sentence":"Specifically, DDR programme participants shall include those who play support functions essential for the maintenance and cohesion of armed groups and forces, and reflect consideration of the needs of individuals dependent on combatants.When the Security Council establishes a peacekeeping operation with mandated DDR functions, components that will ensure gender equity should be adequately financed through the assessed budget of UN peacekeeping operations and not voluntary contributions alone.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR specifically ddr programme participant shall include play support function essential maintenance cohesion armed group force reflect consideration need individual dependent combatants.when security council establishes peacekeeping operation mandated ddr function component ensure gender equity adequately financed assessed budget un peacekeeping operation voluntary contribution alone ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"6.3.1. Demobilization mandates, scope, institutional arrangements: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"In drafting a peace mission\u2019s plan of operations, the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) shall reflect the recommendations of the assessment team and produce language that defines a mandate for a gender-sensitive DDR process in compliance with Security Council resolution 1325. Specifically, DDR programme participants shall include those who play support functions essential for the maintenance and cohesion of armed groups and forces, and reflect consideration of the needs of individuals dependent on combatants.When the Security Council establishes a peacekeeping operation with mandated DDR functions, components that will ensure gender equity should be adequately financed through the assessed budget of UN peacekeeping operations and not voluntary contributions alone. From the start, funds should be allocated for gender experts and expertise to help with the planning and implementation of dedicated programmes serving the needs of female ex-com- batants, supporters and dependants. Gender advisers and expertise should be considered essential in the staffing structure of DDR units.The UN should facilitate financial support of the gender components of DDR processes. DDR programme budgets should be made gender-responsive by allocating sufficient amounts of resources to all gender-related activities and female-specific interventions.When collaborating with regional, bilateral and multilateral organizations, DDR prac- titioners should encourage gender mainstreaming and compliance with Security Council resolution 1325 throughout all DDR efforts that they lead or support, encouraging all partners, such as client countries, donors and other stakeholders, to dedicate human and economic resources towards gender mainstreaming throughout all phases of DDR.DDR practitioners should ensure that the various personnel of the peacekeeping mission, from the SRSG to the troops on the ground, are aware of the importance of gender consid- erations in DDR activities. Several strategies can be used: (1) ensuring that DDR training programmes that are routinely provided for military and civilian staff reflect gender-related aspects; (2) developing accountability mechanisms to ensure that all staff are committed to gender equity; and (3) integrating gender training into the training programme for the troops involved.Box 4 Gender training in DDR \\n\\n Main topics of training \\n Gender mainstreaming and human rights \\n Sexual and gender-based violence \\n Gender roles and relations (before, during and after the conflict) \\n Gender identities \\n Gender issues in HIV\/AIDS and human trafficking \\n\\n Main participants \\n Ex-combatants, supporters, dependants (both male and female) \\n DDR programme staffs \\n Representatives of government \\n Women\u2019s groups and NGOs \\n Community leaders and traditional authorities", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1180, "Sentence":"From the start, funds should be allocated for gender experts and expertise to help with the planning and implementation of dedicated programmes serving the needs of female ex-com- batants, supporters and dependants.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR start fund allocated gender expert expertise help planning implementation dedicated programme serving need female excom batants supporter dependant ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"6.3.1. Demobilization mandates, scope, institutional arrangements: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"In drafting a peace mission\u2019s plan of operations, the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) shall reflect the recommendations of the assessment team and produce language that defines a mandate for a gender-sensitive DDR process in compliance with Security Council resolution 1325. Specifically, DDR programme participants shall include those who play support functions essential for the maintenance and cohesion of armed groups and forces, and reflect consideration of the needs of individuals dependent on combatants.When the Security Council establishes a peacekeeping operation with mandated DDR functions, components that will ensure gender equity should be adequately financed through the assessed budget of UN peacekeeping operations and not voluntary contributions alone. From the start, funds should be allocated for gender experts and expertise to help with the planning and implementation of dedicated programmes serving the needs of female ex-com- batants, supporters and dependants. Gender advisers and expertise should be considered essential in the staffing structure of DDR units.The UN should facilitate financial support of the gender components of DDR processes. DDR programme budgets should be made gender-responsive by allocating sufficient amounts of resources to all gender-related activities and female-specific interventions.When collaborating with regional, bilateral and multilateral organizations, DDR prac- titioners should encourage gender mainstreaming and compliance with Security Council resolution 1325 throughout all DDR efforts that they lead or support, encouraging all partners, such as client countries, donors and other stakeholders, to dedicate human and economic resources towards gender mainstreaming throughout all phases of DDR.DDR practitioners should ensure that the various personnel of the peacekeeping mission, from the SRSG to the troops on the ground, are aware of the importance of gender consid- erations in DDR activities. Several strategies can be used: (1) ensuring that DDR training programmes that are routinely provided for military and civilian staff reflect gender-related aspects; (2) developing accountability mechanisms to ensure that all staff are committed to gender equity; and (3) integrating gender training into the training programme for the troops involved.Box 4 Gender training in DDR \\n\\n Main topics of training \\n Gender mainstreaming and human rights \\n Sexual and gender-based violence \\n Gender roles and relations (before, during and after the conflict) \\n Gender identities \\n Gender issues in HIV\/AIDS and human trafficking \\n\\n Main participants \\n Ex-combatants, supporters, dependants (both male and female) \\n DDR programme staffs \\n Representatives of government \\n Women\u2019s groups and NGOs \\n Community leaders and traditional authorities", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1180, "Sentence":"Gender advisers and expertise should be considered essential in the staffing structure of DDR units.The UN should facilitate financial support of the gender components of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR gender adviser expertise considered essential staffing structure ddr units.the un facilitate financial support gender component ddr process ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"6.3.1. Demobilization mandates, scope, institutional arrangements: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"In drafting a peace mission\u2019s plan of operations, the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) shall reflect the recommendations of the assessment team and produce language that defines a mandate for a gender-sensitive DDR process in compliance with Security Council resolution 1325. Specifically, DDR programme participants shall include those who play support functions essential for the maintenance and cohesion of armed groups and forces, and reflect consideration of the needs of individuals dependent on combatants.When the Security Council establishes a peacekeeping operation with mandated DDR functions, components that will ensure gender equity should be adequately financed through the assessed budget of UN peacekeeping operations and not voluntary contributions alone. From the start, funds should be allocated for gender experts and expertise to help with the planning and implementation of dedicated programmes serving the needs of female ex-com- batants, supporters and dependants. Gender advisers and expertise should be considered essential in the staffing structure of DDR units.The UN should facilitate financial support of the gender components of DDR processes. DDR programme budgets should be made gender-responsive by allocating sufficient amounts of resources to all gender-related activities and female-specific interventions.When collaborating with regional, bilateral and multilateral organizations, DDR prac- titioners should encourage gender mainstreaming and compliance with Security Council resolution 1325 throughout all DDR efforts that they lead or support, encouraging all partners, such as client countries, donors and other stakeholders, to dedicate human and economic resources towards gender mainstreaming throughout all phases of DDR.DDR practitioners should ensure that the various personnel of the peacekeeping mission, from the SRSG to the troops on the ground, are aware of the importance of gender consid- erations in DDR activities. Several strategies can be used: (1) ensuring that DDR training programmes that are routinely provided for military and civilian staff reflect gender-related aspects; (2) developing accountability mechanisms to ensure that all staff are committed to gender equity; and (3) integrating gender training into the training programme for the troops involved.Box 4 Gender training in DDR \\n\\n Main topics of training \\n Gender mainstreaming and human rights \\n Sexual and gender-based violence \\n Gender roles and relations (before, during and after the conflict) \\n Gender identities \\n Gender issues in HIV\/AIDS and human trafficking \\n\\n Main participants \\n Ex-combatants, supporters, dependants (both male and female) \\n DDR programme staffs \\n Representatives of government \\n Women\u2019s groups and NGOs \\n Community leaders and traditional authorities", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1180, "Sentence":"DDR programme budgets should be made gender-responsive by allocating sufficient amounts of resources to all gender-related activities and female-specific interventions.When collaborating with regional, bilateral and multilateral organizations, DDR prac- titioners should encourage gender mainstreaming and compliance with Security Council resolution 1325 throughout all DDR efforts that they lead or support, encouraging all partners, such as client countries, donors and other stakeholders, to dedicate human and economic resources towards gender mainstreaming throughout all phases of DDR.DDR practitioners should ensure that the various personnel of the peacekeeping mission, from the SRSG to the troops on the ground, are aware of the importance of gender consid- erations in DDR activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR ddr programme budget made genderresponsive allocating sufficient amount resource genderrelated activity femalespecific interventions.when collaborating regional bilateral multilateral organization ddr prac titioners encourage gender mainstreaming compliance security council resolution 1325 throughout ddr effort lead support encouraging partner client country donor stakeholder dedicate human economic resource towards gender mainstreaming throughout phase ddr.ddr practitioner ensure various personnel peacekeeping mission srsg troop ground aware importance gender consid erations ddr activity ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"6.3.1. Demobilization mandates, scope, institutional arrangements: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"In drafting a peace mission\u2019s plan of operations, the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) shall reflect the recommendations of the assessment team and produce language that defines a mandate for a gender-sensitive DDR process in compliance with Security Council resolution 1325. Specifically, DDR programme participants shall include those who play support functions essential for the maintenance and cohesion of armed groups and forces, and reflect consideration of the needs of individuals dependent on combatants.When the Security Council establishes a peacekeeping operation with mandated DDR functions, components that will ensure gender equity should be adequately financed through the assessed budget of UN peacekeeping operations and not voluntary contributions alone. From the start, funds should be allocated for gender experts and expertise to help with the planning and implementation of dedicated programmes serving the needs of female ex-com- batants, supporters and dependants. Gender advisers and expertise should be considered essential in the staffing structure of DDR units.The UN should facilitate financial support of the gender components of DDR processes. DDR programme budgets should be made gender-responsive by allocating sufficient amounts of resources to all gender-related activities and female-specific interventions.When collaborating with regional, bilateral and multilateral organizations, DDR prac- titioners should encourage gender mainstreaming and compliance with Security Council resolution 1325 throughout all DDR efforts that they lead or support, encouraging all partners, such as client countries, donors and other stakeholders, to dedicate human and economic resources towards gender mainstreaming throughout all phases of DDR.DDR practitioners should ensure that the various personnel of the peacekeeping mission, from the SRSG to the troops on the ground, are aware of the importance of gender consid- erations in DDR activities. Several strategies can be used: (1) ensuring that DDR training programmes that are routinely provided for military and civilian staff reflect gender-related aspects; (2) developing accountability mechanisms to ensure that all staff are committed to gender equity; and (3) integrating gender training into the training programme for the troops involved.Box 4 Gender training in DDR \\n\\n Main topics of training \\n Gender mainstreaming and human rights \\n Sexual and gender-based violence \\n Gender roles and relations (before, during and after the conflict) \\n Gender identities \\n Gender issues in HIV\/AIDS and human trafficking \\n\\n Main participants \\n Ex-combatants, supporters, dependants (both male and female) \\n DDR programme staffs \\n Representatives of government \\n Women\u2019s groups and NGOs \\n Community leaders and traditional authorities", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1180, "Sentence":"Several strategies can be used: (1) ensuring that DDR training programmes that are routinely provided for military and civilian staff reflect gender-related aspects; (2) developing accountability mechanisms to ensure that all staff are committed to gender equity; and (3) integrating gender training into the training programme for the troops involved.Box 4 Gender training in DDR \\n\\n Main topics of training \\n Gender mainstreaming and human rights \\n Sexual and gender-based violence \\n Gender roles and relations (before, during and after the conflict) \\n Gender identities \\n Gender issues in HIV\/AIDS and human trafficking \\n\\n Main participants \\n Ex-combatants, supporters, dependants (both male and female) \\n DDR programme staffs \\n Representatives of government \\n Women\u2019s groups and NGOs \\n Community leaders and traditional authorities", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR several strategy used 1 ensuring ddr training programme routinely provided military civilian staff reflect genderrelated aspect 2 developing accountability mechanism ensure staff committed gender equity 3 integrating gender training training programme troop involved.box 4 gender training ddr nn main topic training n gender mainstreaming human right n sexual genderbased violence n gender role relation conflict n gender identity n gender issue hiv\/aids human trafficking nn main participant n excombatants supporter dependant male female n ddr programme staff n representative government n woman \u2019 group ngo n community leader traditional authority" }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"6.3.2. Demobilization mandates, scope, institutional arrangements: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Definitions of who is a dependant should reflect the varied nature and complexity of the conflict situation, where dependent women and girls may not be legal wives of ex-combatants. Where a male ex-combatant and a woman or girl live as man and wife according to local perceptions and practices, this will guarantee the eligibility of the woman or girl for inclu- sion in the DDR programme. Eligibility criteria should be determined so that they include \u2014 where relevant \u2014 multiple wives (both formal and informal) of a male ex-combatant. The dependants of an ex-combatant should include any person living as part of the ex- combatant\u2019s household under their care.xxIn situations where governments are responsible for all or part of the DDR process, UN representatives should encourage national DDR commissions to work closely with government ministries in charge of women\u2019s affairs, as well as women\u2019s peace-building networks. National DDR commissions should be encouraged to employ women in leader- ship positions and assign gender focal points within the commission.Troop-contributing countries should be encouraged by DPKO to make it an urgent priority to deploy women in peacekeeping operations. Female military personnel with gen- der training should be used as much as possible during the DDR process, in particular during the initial stages of screening and identification. Female military personnel should also play an important role in receiving and transmitting information on gender-based violence and\/or sexual exploitation and abuse occurring in DDR sites.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1181, "Sentence":"Definitions of who is a dependant should reflect the varied nature and complexity of the conflict situation, where dependent women and girls may not be legal wives of ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR definition dependant reflect varied nature complexity conflict situation dependent woman girl may legal wife excombatants ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"6.3.2. Demobilization mandates, scope, institutional arrangements: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Definitions of who is a dependant should reflect the varied nature and complexity of the conflict situation, where dependent women and girls may not be legal wives of ex-combatants. Where a male ex-combatant and a woman or girl live as man and wife according to local perceptions and practices, this will guarantee the eligibility of the woman or girl for inclu- sion in the DDR programme. Eligibility criteria should be determined so that they include \u2014 where relevant \u2014 multiple wives (both formal and informal) of a male ex-combatant. The dependants of an ex-combatant should include any person living as part of the ex- combatant\u2019s household under their care.xxIn situations where governments are responsible for all or part of the DDR process, UN representatives should encourage national DDR commissions to work closely with government ministries in charge of women\u2019s affairs, as well as women\u2019s peace-building networks. National DDR commissions should be encouraged to employ women in leader- ship positions and assign gender focal points within the commission.Troop-contributing countries should be encouraged by DPKO to make it an urgent priority to deploy women in peacekeeping operations. Female military personnel with gen- der training should be used as much as possible during the DDR process, in particular during the initial stages of screening and identification. Female military personnel should also play an important role in receiving and transmitting information on gender-based violence and\/or sexual exploitation and abuse occurring in DDR sites.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1181, "Sentence":"Where a male ex-combatant and a woman or girl live as man and wife according to local perceptions and practices, this will guarantee the eligibility of the woman or girl for inclu- sion in the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR male excombatant woman girl live man wife according local perception practice guarantee eligibility woman girl inclu sion ddr programme ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"6.3.2. Demobilization mandates, scope, institutional arrangements: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Definitions of who is a dependant should reflect the varied nature and complexity of the conflict situation, where dependent women and girls may not be legal wives of ex-combatants. Where a male ex-combatant and a woman or girl live as man and wife according to local perceptions and practices, this will guarantee the eligibility of the woman or girl for inclu- sion in the DDR programme. Eligibility criteria should be determined so that they include \u2014 where relevant \u2014 multiple wives (both formal and informal) of a male ex-combatant. The dependants of an ex-combatant should include any person living as part of the ex- combatant\u2019s household under their care.xxIn situations where governments are responsible for all or part of the DDR process, UN representatives should encourage national DDR commissions to work closely with government ministries in charge of women\u2019s affairs, as well as women\u2019s peace-building networks. National DDR commissions should be encouraged to employ women in leader- ship positions and assign gender focal points within the commission.Troop-contributing countries should be encouraged by DPKO to make it an urgent priority to deploy women in peacekeeping operations. Female military personnel with gen- der training should be used as much as possible during the DDR process, in particular during the initial stages of screening and identification. Female military personnel should also play an important role in receiving and transmitting information on gender-based violence and\/or sexual exploitation and abuse occurring in DDR sites.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1181, "Sentence":"Eligibility criteria should be determined so that they include \u2014 where relevant \u2014 multiple wives (both formal and informal) of a male ex-combatant.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR eligibility criterion determined include \u2014 relevant \u2014 multiple wife formal informal male excombatant ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"6.3.2. Demobilization mandates, scope, institutional arrangements: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Definitions of who is a dependant should reflect the varied nature and complexity of the conflict situation, where dependent women and girls may not be legal wives of ex-combatants. Where a male ex-combatant and a woman or girl live as man and wife according to local perceptions and practices, this will guarantee the eligibility of the woman or girl for inclu- sion in the DDR programme. Eligibility criteria should be determined so that they include \u2014 where relevant \u2014 multiple wives (both formal and informal) of a male ex-combatant. The dependants of an ex-combatant should include any person living as part of the ex- combatant\u2019s household under their care.xxIn situations where governments are responsible for all or part of the DDR process, UN representatives should encourage national DDR commissions to work closely with government ministries in charge of women\u2019s affairs, as well as women\u2019s peace-building networks. National DDR commissions should be encouraged to employ women in leader- ship positions and assign gender focal points within the commission.Troop-contributing countries should be encouraged by DPKO to make it an urgent priority to deploy women in peacekeeping operations. Female military personnel with gen- der training should be used as much as possible during the DDR process, in particular during the initial stages of screening and identification. Female military personnel should also play an important role in receiving and transmitting information on gender-based violence and\/or sexual exploitation and abuse occurring in DDR sites.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1181, "Sentence":"The dependants of an ex-combatant should include any person living as part of the ex- combatant\u2019s household under their care.xxIn situations where governments are responsible for all or part of the DDR process, UN representatives should encourage national DDR commissions to work closely with government ministries in charge of women\u2019s affairs, as well as women\u2019s peace-building networks.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR dependant excombatant include person living part ex combatant \u2019 household care.xxin situation government responsible part ddr process un representative encourage national ddr commission work closely government ministry charge woman \u2019 affair well woman \u2019 peacebuilding network ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"6.3.2. Demobilization mandates, scope, institutional arrangements: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Definitions of who is a dependant should reflect the varied nature and complexity of the conflict situation, where dependent women and girls may not be legal wives of ex-combatants. Where a male ex-combatant and a woman or girl live as man and wife according to local perceptions and practices, this will guarantee the eligibility of the woman or girl for inclu- sion in the DDR programme. Eligibility criteria should be determined so that they include \u2014 where relevant \u2014 multiple wives (both formal and informal) of a male ex-combatant. The dependants of an ex-combatant should include any person living as part of the ex- combatant\u2019s household under their care.xxIn situations where governments are responsible for all or part of the DDR process, UN representatives should encourage national DDR commissions to work closely with government ministries in charge of women\u2019s affairs, as well as women\u2019s peace-building networks. National DDR commissions should be encouraged to employ women in leader- ship positions and assign gender focal points within the commission.Troop-contributing countries should be encouraged by DPKO to make it an urgent priority to deploy women in peacekeeping operations. Female military personnel with gen- der training should be used as much as possible during the DDR process, in particular during the initial stages of screening and identification. Female military personnel should also play an important role in receiving and transmitting information on gender-based violence and\/or sexual exploitation and abuse occurring in DDR sites.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1181, "Sentence":"National DDR commissions should be encouraged to employ women in leader- ship positions and assign gender focal points within the commission.Troop-contributing countries should be encouraged by DPKO to make it an urgent priority to deploy women in peacekeeping operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR national ddr commission encouraged employ woman leader ship position assign gender focal point within commission.troopcontributing country encouraged dpko make urgent priority deploy woman peacekeeping operation ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"6.3.2. Demobilization mandates, scope, institutional arrangements: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Definitions of who is a dependant should reflect the varied nature and complexity of the conflict situation, where dependent women and girls may not be legal wives of ex-combatants. Where a male ex-combatant and a woman or girl live as man and wife according to local perceptions and practices, this will guarantee the eligibility of the woman or girl for inclu- sion in the DDR programme. Eligibility criteria should be determined so that they include \u2014 where relevant \u2014 multiple wives (both formal and informal) of a male ex-combatant. The dependants of an ex-combatant should include any person living as part of the ex- combatant\u2019s household under their care.xxIn situations where governments are responsible for all or part of the DDR process, UN representatives should encourage national DDR commissions to work closely with government ministries in charge of women\u2019s affairs, as well as women\u2019s peace-building networks. National DDR commissions should be encouraged to employ women in leader- ship positions and assign gender focal points within the commission.Troop-contributing countries should be encouraged by DPKO to make it an urgent priority to deploy women in peacekeeping operations. Female military personnel with gen- der training should be used as much as possible during the DDR process, in particular during the initial stages of screening and identification. Female military personnel should also play an important role in receiving and transmitting information on gender-based violence and\/or sexual exploitation and abuse occurring in DDR sites.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1181, "Sentence":"Female military personnel with gen- der training should be used as much as possible during the DDR process, in particular during the initial stages of screening and identification.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR female military personnel gen der training used much possible ddr process particular initial stage screening identification ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.3 Demobilization", "Heading3":"6.3.2. Demobilization mandates, scope, institutional arrangements: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Definitions of who is a dependant should reflect the varied nature and complexity of the conflict situation, where dependent women and girls may not be legal wives of ex-combatants. Where a male ex-combatant and a woman or girl live as man and wife according to local perceptions and practices, this will guarantee the eligibility of the woman or girl for inclu- sion in the DDR programme. Eligibility criteria should be determined so that they include \u2014 where relevant \u2014 multiple wives (both formal and informal) of a male ex-combatant. The dependants of an ex-combatant should include any person living as part of the ex- combatant\u2019s household under their care.xxIn situations where governments are responsible for all or part of the DDR process, UN representatives should encourage national DDR commissions to work closely with government ministries in charge of women\u2019s affairs, as well as women\u2019s peace-building networks. National DDR commissions should be encouraged to employ women in leader- ship positions and assign gender focal points within the commission.Troop-contributing countries should be encouraged by DPKO to make it an urgent priority to deploy women in peacekeeping operations. Female military personnel with gen- der training should be used as much as possible during the DDR process, in particular during the initial stages of screening and identification. Female military personnel should also play an important role in receiving and transmitting information on gender-based violence and\/or sexual exploitation and abuse occurring in DDR sites.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1181, "Sentence":"Female military personnel should also play an important role in receiving and transmitting information on gender-based violence and\/or sexual exploitation and abuse occurring in DDR sites.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR female military personnel also play important role receiving transmitting information genderbased violence and\/or sexual exploitation abuse occurring ddr site ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Transitional support can include one or more of the following: financial resources; material resources; and basic training. The overall aim should be to ensure that the distribution of benefits enables women and girls to have the same economic choices as men and boys, regardless of the roles they performed during the war, and that women and men, and girls and boys are able to engage constructively in reintegration activities that contribute to overall security in their communities.A good understanding of women\u2019s rights and social attitudes relating to women\u2019s access to economic resources is needed when designing the benefits package. This will assist planners in designing the package in a way that will allow women to keep control over benefits, especially financial reinsertion packages, after leaving the cantonment site. For example, providing land as part of the benefits package may not be appropriate in a country where women cannot legally own land.Although DDR planners have assumed that financial packages given to male ex-com- batants will be used for the benefit of family members, anecdotal evidence from the field suggests that demobilized men use their start- up cash irresponsibly, rather than to the benefit of family and community. This com- promises the success of DDR programmes and undermines security and community recovery. On the other hand, much empirical evidence from the field indicates that women use the resources they are given for family sustenance and community development. For reintegration to be sustainable, gendered strategies must be developed that will equally benefit women and men, and ensure the equitable distribution of aid and resources within the family unit.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1182, "Sentence":"Transitional support can include one or more of the following: financial resources; material resources; and basic training.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR transitional support include one following financial resource material resource basic training ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Transitional support can include one or more of the following: financial resources; material resources; and basic training. The overall aim should be to ensure that the distribution of benefits enables women and girls to have the same economic choices as men and boys, regardless of the roles they performed during the war, and that women and men, and girls and boys are able to engage constructively in reintegration activities that contribute to overall security in their communities.A good understanding of women\u2019s rights and social attitudes relating to women\u2019s access to economic resources is needed when designing the benefits package. This will assist planners in designing the package in a way that will allow women to keep control over benefits, especially financial reinsertion packages, after leaving the cantonment site. For example, providing land as part of the benefits package may not be appropriate in a country where women cannot legally own land.Although DDR planners have assumed that financial packages given to male ex-com- batants will be used for the benefit of family members, anecdotal evidence from the field suggests that demobilized men use their start- up cash irresponsibly, rather than to the benefit of family and community. This com- promises the success of DDR programmes and undermines security and community recovery. On the other hand, much empirical evidence from the field indicates that women use the resources they are given for family sustenance and community development. For reintegration to be sustainable, gendered strategies must be developed that will equally benefit women and men, and ensure the equitable distribution of aid and resources within the family unit.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1182, "Sentence":"The overall aim should be to ensure that the distribution of benefits enables women and girls to have the same economic choices as men and boys, regardless of the roles they performed during the war, and that women and men, and girls and boys are able to engage constructively in reintegration activities that contribute to overall security in their communities.A good understanding of women\u2019s rights and social attitudes relating to women\u2019s access to economic resources is needed when designing the benefits package.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR overall aim ensure distribution benefit enables woman girl economic choice men boy regardless role performed war woman men girl boy able engage constructively reintegration activity contribute overall security communities.a good understanding woman \u2019 right social attitude relating woman \u2019 access economic resource needed designing benefit package ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Transitional support can include one or more of the following: financial resources; material resources; and basic training. The overall aim should be to ensure that the distribution of benefits enables women and girls to have the same economic choices as men and boys, regardless of the roles they performed during the war, and that women and men, and girls and boys are able to engage constructively in reintegration activities that contribute to overall security in their communities.A good understanding of women\u2019s rights and social attitudes relating to women\u2019s access to economic resources is needed when designing the benefits package. This will assist planners in designing the package in a way that will allow women to keep control over benefits, especially financial reinsertion packages, after leaving the cantonment site. For example, providing land as part of the benefits package may not be appropriate in a country where women cannot legally own land.Although DDR planners have assumed that financial packages given to male ex-com- batants will be used for the benefit of family members, anecdotal evidence from the field suggests that demobilized men use their start- up cash irresponsibly, rather than to the benefit of family and community. This com- promises the success of DDR programmes and undermines security and community recovery. On the other hand, much empirical evidence from the field indicates that women use the resources they are given for family sustenance and community development. For reintegration to be sustainable, gendered strategies must be developed that will equally benefit women and men, and ensure the equitable distribution of aid and resources within the family unit.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1182, "Sentence":"This will assist planners in designing the package in a way that will allow women to keep control over benefits, especially financial reinsertion packages, after leaving the cantonment site.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR assist planner designing package way allow woman keep control benefit especially financial reinsertion package leaving cantonment site ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Transitional support can include one or more of the following: financial resources; material resources; and basic training. The overall aim should be to ensure that the distribution of benefits enables women and girls to have the same economic choices as men and boys, regardless of the roles they performed during the war, and that women and men, and girls and boys are able to engage constructively in reintegration activities that contribute to overall security in their communities.A good understanding of women\u2019s rights and social attitudes relating to women\u2019s access to economic resources is needed when designing the benefits package. This will assist planners in designing the package in a way that will allow women to keep control over benefits, especially financial reinsertion packages, after leaving the cantonment site. For example, providing land as part of the benefits package may not be appropriate in a country where women cannot legally own land.Although DDR planners have assumed that financial packages given to male ex-com- batants will be used for the benefit of family members, anecdotal evidence from the field suggests that demobilized men use their start- up cash irresponsibly, rather than to the benefit of family and community. This com- promises the success of DDR programmes and undermines security and community recovery. On the other hand, much empirical evidence from the field indicates that women use the resources they are given for family sustenance and community development. For reintegration to be sustainable, gendered strategies must be developed that will equally benefit women and men, and ensure the equitable distribution of aid and resources within the family unit.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1182, "Sentence":"For example, providing land as part of the benefits package may not be appropriate in a country where women cannot legally own land.Although DDR planners have assumed that financial packages given to male ex-com- batants will be used for the benefit of family members, anecdotal evidence from the field suggests that demobilized men use their start- up cash irresponsibly, rather than to the benefit of family and community.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR example providing land part benefit package may appropriate country woman legally land.although ddr planner assumed financial package given male excom batants used benefit family member anecdotal evidence field suggests demobilized men use start cash irresponsibly rather benefit family community ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Transitional support can include one or more of the following: financial resources; material resources; and basic training. The overall aim should be to ensure that the distribution of benefits enables women and girls to have the same economic choices as men and boys, regardless of the roles they performed during the war, and that women and men, and girls and boys are able to engage constructively in reintegration activities that contribute to overall security in their communities.A good understanding of women\u2019s rights and social attitudes relating to women\u2019s access to economic resources is needed when designing the benefits package. This will assist planners in designing the package in a way that will allow women to keep control over benefits, especially financial reinsertion packages, after leaving the cantonment site. For example, providing land as part of the benefits package may not be appropriate in a country where women cannot legally own land.Although DDR planners have assumed that financial packages given to male ex-com- batants will be used for the benefit of family members, anecdotal evidence from the field suggests that demobilized men use their start- up cash irresponsibly, rather than to the benefit of family and community. This com- promises the success of DDR programmes and undermines security and community recovery. On the other hand, much empirical evidence from the field indicates that women use the resources they are given for family sustenance and community development. For reintegration to be sustainable, gendered strategies must be developed that will equally benefit women and men, and ensure the equitable distribution of aid and resources within the family unit.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1182, "Sentence":"This com- promises the success of DDR programmes and undermines security and community recovery.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR com promise success ddr programme undermines security community recovery ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Transitional support can include one or more of the following: financial resources; material resources; and basic training. The overall aim should be to ensure that the distribution of benefits enables women and girls to have the same economic choices as men and boys, regardless of the roles they performed during the war, and that women and men, and girls and boys are able to engage constructively in reintegration activities that contribute to overall security in their communities.A good understanding of women\u2019s rights and social attitudes relating to women\u2019s access to economic resources is needed when designing the benefits package. This will assist planners in designing the package in a way that will allow women to keep control over benefits, especially financial reinsertion packages, after leaving the cantonment site. For example, providing land as part of the benefits package may not be appropriate in a country where women cannot legally own land.Although DDR planners have assumed that financial packages given to male ex-com- batants will be used for the benefit of family members, anecdotal evidence from the field suggests that demobilized men use their start- up cash irresponsibly, rather than to the benefit of family and community. This com- promises the success of DDR programmes and undermines security and community recovery. On the other hand, much empirical evidence from the field indicates that women use the resources they are given for family sustenance and community development. For reintegration to be sustainable, gendered strategies must be developed that will equally benefit women and men, and ensure the equitable distribution of aid and resources within the family unit.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1182, "Sentence":"On the other hand, much empirical evidence from the field indicates that women use the resources they are given for family sustenance and community development.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR hand much empirical evidence field indicates woman use resource given family sustenance community development ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Transitional support can include one or more of the following: financial resources; material resources; and basic training. The overall aim should be to ensure that the distribution of benefits enables women and girls to have the same economic choices as men and boys, regardless of the roles they performed during the war, and that women and men, and girls and boys are able to engage constructively in reintegration activities that contribute to overall security in their communities.A good understanding of women\u2019s rights and social attitudes relating to women\u2019s access to economic resources is needed when designing the benefits package. This will assist planners in designing the package in a way that will allow women to keep control over benefits, especially financial reinsertion packages, after leaving the cantonment site. For example, providing land as part of the benefits package may not be appropriate in a country where women cannot legally own land.Although DDR planners have assumed that financial packages given to male ex-com- batants will be used for the benefit of family members, anecdotal evidence from the field suggests that demobilized men use their start- up cash irresponsibly, rather than to the benefit of family and community. This com- promises the success of DDR programmes and undermines security and community recovery. On the other hand, much empirical evidence from the field indicates that women use the resources they are given for family sustenance and community development. For reintegration to be sustainable, gendered strategies must be developed that will equally benefit women and men, and ensure the equitable distribution of aid and resources within the family unit.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1182, "Sentence":"For reintegration to be sustainable, gendered strategies must be developed that will equally benefit women and men, and ensure the equitable distribution of aid and resources within the family unit.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR reintegration sustainable gendered strategy must developed equally benefit woman men ensure equitable distribution aid resource within family unit ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"6.4.1. Transitional support: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"When planning the demobilization package, women\/girls and men\/boys who were armed ex-combatants and supporters should receive equitable and appropriate basic demobili- zation benefits packages, including access to land, tools, credit and training.Planning should include a labour market assessment that provides details of the various job options and market opportunities that will be available to men and women after they leave demobilization sites. This assessment should take place as early as possible so that train- ing programmes are ready when ex-combatants and supporters need them.Opportunities for women\u2019s economic independence should be considered and potential problems faced by women entering previously \u2018male\u2019 workplaces and professions should be dealt with as far as possible. Offering demobilized women credit and capital should be viewed as a positive investment in reconstruction, since women have an established record of high rates of return and reinvestment.Demobilization packages for men and boys should be also sensitive to their different gender roles and identities. Demobilization packages might be prepared under the assump- tion that men are the \u2018breadwinner\u2019 in a household, which might pressurize men to be more aggressively hierarchical in their behaviour at home. Men can also feel emasculated when women appear more successful than them, and may express their frustration in increased violence. More careful preparation is needed so that transitional support packages will not reinforce negative gender stereotypes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1183, "Sentence":"When planning the demobilization package, women\/girls and men\/boys who were armed ex-combatants and supporters should receive equitable and appropriate basic demobili- zation benefits packages, including access to land, tools, credit and training.Planning should include a labour market assessment that provides details of the various job options and market opportunities that will be available to men and women after they leave demobilization sites.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR planning demobilization package women\/girls men\/boys armed excombatants supporter receive equitable appropriate basic demobili zation benefit package including access land tool credit training.planning include labour market assessment provides detail various job option market opportunity available men woman leave demobilization site ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"6.4.1. Transitional support: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"When planning the demobilization package, women\/girls and men\/boys who were armed ex-combatants and supporters should receive equitable and appropriate basic demobili- zation benefits packages, including access to land, tools, credit and training.Planning should include a labour market assessment that provides details of the various job options and market opportunities that will be available to men and women after they leave demobilization sites. This assessment should take place as early as possible so that train- ing programmes are ready when ex-combatants and supporters need them.Opportunities for women\u2019s economic independence should be considered and potential problems faced by women entering previously \u2018male\u2019 workplaces and professions should be dealt with as far as possible. Offering demobilized women credit and capital should be viewed as a positive investment in reconstruction, since women have an established record of high rates of return and reinvestment.Demobilization packages for men and boys should be also sensitive to their different gender roles and identities. Demobilization packages might be prepared under the assump- tion that men are the \u2018breadwinner\u2019 in a household, which might pressurize men to be more aggressively hierarchical in their behaviour at home. Men can also feel emasculated when women appear more successful than them, and may express their frustration in increased violence. More careful preparation is needed so that transitional support packages will not reinforce negative gender stereotypes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1183, "Sentence":"This assessment should take place as early as possible so that train- ing programmes are ready when ex-combatants and supporters need them.Opportunities for women\u2019s economic independence should be considered and potential problems faced by women entering previously \u2018male\u2019 workplaces and professions should be dealt with as far as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR assessment take place early possible train ing programme ready excombatants supporter need them.opportunities woman \u2019 economic independence considered potential problem faced woman entering previously \u2018 male \u2019 workplace profession dealt far possible ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"6.4.1. Transitional support: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"When planning the demobilization package, women\/girls and men\/boys who were armed ex-combatants and supporters should receive equitable and appropriate basic demobili- zation benefits packages, including access to land, tools, credit and training.Planning should include a labour market assessment that provides details of the various job options and market opportunities that will be available to men and women after they leave demobilization sites. This assessment should take place as early as possible so that train- ing programmes are ready when ex-combatants and supporters need them.Opportunities for women\u2019s economic independence should be considered and potential problems faced by women entering previously \u2018male\u2019 workplaces and professions should be dealt with as far as possible. Offering demobilized women credit and capital should be viewed as a positive investment in reconstruction, since women have an established record of high rates of return and reinvestment.Demobilization packages for men and boys should be also sensitive to their different gender roles and identities. Demobilization packages might be prepared under the assump- tion that men are the \u2018breadwinner\u2019 in a household, which might pressurize men to be more aggressively hierarchical in their behaviour at home. Men can also feel emasculated when women appear more successful than them, and may express their frustration in increased violence. More careful preparation is needed so that transitional support packages will not reinforce negative gender stereotypes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1183, "Sentence":"Offering demobilized women credit and capital should be viewed as a positive investment in reconstruction, since women have an established record of high rates of return and reinvestment.Demobilization packages for men and boys should be also sensitive to their different gender roles and identities.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR offering demobilized woman credit capital viewed positive investment reconstruction since woman established record high rate return reinvestment.demobilization package men boy also sensitive different gender role identity ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"6.4.1. Transitional support: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"When planning the demobilization package, women\/girls and men\/boys who were armed ex-combatants and supporters should receive equitable and appropriate basic demobili- zation benefits packages, including access to land, tools, credit and training.Planning should include a labour market assessment that provides details of the various job options and market opportunities that will be available to men and women after they leave demobilization sites. This assessment should take place as early as possible so that train- ing programmes are ready when ex-combatants and supporters need them.Opportunities for women\u2019s economic independence should be considered and potential problems faced by women entering previously \u2018male\u2019 workplaces and professions should be dealt with as far as possible. Offering demobilized women credit and capital should be viewed as a positive investment in reconstruction, since women have an established record of high rates of return and reinvestment.Demobilization packages for men and boys should be also sensitive to their different gender roles and identities. Demobilization packages might be prepared under the assump- tion that men are the \u2018breadwinner\u2019 in a household, which might pressurize men to be more aggressively hierarchical in their behaviour at home. Men can also feel emasculated when women appear more successful than them, and may express their frustration in increased violence. More careful preparation is needed so that transitional support packages will not reinforce negative gender stereotypes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1183, "Sentence":"Demobilization packages might be prepared under the assump- tion that men are the \u2018breadwinner\u2019 in a household, which might pressurize men to be more aggressively hierarchical in their behaviour at home.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR demobilization package might prepared assump tion men \u2018 breadwinner \u2019 household might pressurize men aggressively hierarchical behaviour home ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"6.4.1. Transitional support: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"When planning the demobilization package, women\/girls and men\/boys who were armed ex-combatants and supporters should receive equitable and appropriate basic demobili- zation benefits packages, including access to land, tools, credit and training.Planning should include a labour market assessment that provides details of the various job options and market opportunities that will be available to men and women after they leave demobilization sites. This assessment should take place as early as possible so that train- ing programmes are ready when ex-combatants and supporters need them.Opportunities for women\u2019s economic independence should be considered and potential problems faced by women entering previously \u2018male\u2019 workplaces and professions should be dealt with as far as possible. Offering demobilized women credit and capital should be viewed as a positive investment in reconstruction, since women have an established record of high rates of return and reinvestment.Demobilization packages for men and boys should be also sensitive to their different gender roles and identities. Demobilization packages might be prepared under the assump- tion that men are the \u2018breadwinner\u2019 in a household, which might pressurize men to be more aggressively hierarchical in their behaviour at home. Men can also feel emasculated when women appear more successful than them, and may express their frustration in increased violence. More careful preparation is needed so that transitional support packages will not reinforce negative gender stereotypes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1183, "Sentence":"Men can also feel emasculated when women appear more successful than them, and may express their frustration in increased violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR men also feel emasculated woman appear successful may express frustration increased violence ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"6.4.1. Transitional support: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"When planning the demobilization package, women\/girls and men\/boys who were armed ex-combatants and supporters should receive equitable and appropriate basic demobili- zation benefits packages, including access to land, tools, credit and training.Planning should include a labour market assessment that provides details of the various job options and market opportunities that will be available to men and women after they leave demobilization sites. This assessment should take place as early as possible so that train- ing programmes are ready when ex-combatants and supporters need them.Opportunities for women\u2019s economic independence should be considered and potential problems faced by women entering previously \u2018male\u2019 workplaces and professions should be dealt with as far as possible. Offering demobilized women credit and capital should be viewed as a positive investment in reconstruction, since women have an established record of high rates of return and reinvestment.Demobilization packages for men and boys should be also sensitive to their different gender roles and identities. Demobilization packages might be prepared under the assump- tion that men are the \u2018breadwinner\u2019 in a household, which might pressurize men to be more aggressively hierarchical in their behaviour at home. Men can also feel emasculated when women appear more successful than them, and may express their frustration in increased violence. More careful preparation is needed so that transitional support packages will not reinforce negative gender stereotypes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1183, "Sentence":"More careful preparation is needed so that transitional support packages will not reinforce negative gender stereotypes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR careful preparation needed transitional support package reinforce negative gender stereotype ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"6.4.2. Transitional support: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"If cash hand-outs are given to DDR participants as part of their transitional support, the needs and spending patterns of women should be taken into account, and accommodated as much as possible (e.g., do women prefer large payments of cash or monthly payments? Does either form of payment subject women and girls to additional security risks?).Women\u2019s traditional forms of money management should be recognized and supported (e.g., through rotational loan and credit schemes or other innovative forms of microcredit), and, where available, women should be given access to banks and encouraged to open private bank accounts to safeguard their money.Education and training efforts should deal with the needs and desires of the women and girls and start as soon as possible during the demobilization phase. Experience has shown that women and girls tend to be overwhelmed by household responsibilities and may be unable to move around freely once they return home, and are therefore less likely to be able to attend training programmes. Women\u2019s access will be greatly improved if efforts are made to provide child-care and other services.In many countries, women and girls have lower educational levels and are skilled in jobs that earn less money than their male peers. This should be taken into account in training programmes through providing additional resources for literacy and training in high-earning skills for women and girls. Skills should be culturally appropriate as far as possible, although efforts should be made not to restrict women to low-paid \u2018traditional\u2019 female work, since the post-conflict period offers the possibility of social transformation, including making use of skills acquired by women in wartime.Educational opportunities should be equally available to female and male children of ex-combatants and widows.The spouse or other female family mem- bers of a male ex-combatant should be brought in to witness the signing of an agreement on how his money will get paid. In this way, the resources may actually get passed on to the family, and from there move into the broader community.Receiving communities and women community leaders should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration packages and their potential impact. It cannot be assumed that the benefits of DDR will automatically enrich the community that they enter; they may in fact cause resentment and violence. Efforts should be made to include communities when deciding how development packages will be provided so that ex-combatants\u2019 access to these resources can be influenced and monitored by the community to which they return.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1184, "Sentence":"If cash hand-outs are given to DDR participants as part of their transitional support, the needs and spending patterns of women should be taken into account, and accommodated as much as possible (e.g., do women prefer large payments of cash or monthly payments?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR cash handout given ddr participant part transitional support need spending pattern woman taken account accommodated much possible e.g . woman prefer large payment cash monthly payment" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"6.4.2. Transitional support: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"If cash hand-outs are given to DDR participants as part of their transitional support, the needs and spending patterns of women should be taken into account, and accommodated as much as possible (e.g., do women prefer large payments of cash or monthly payments? Does either form of payment subject women and girls to additional security risks?).Women\u2019s traditional forms of money management should be recognized and supported (e.g., through rotational loan and credit schemes or other innovative forms of microcredit), and, where available, women should be given access to banks and encouraged to open private bank accounts to safeguard their money.Education and training efforts should deal with the needs and desires of the women and girls and start as soon as possible during the demobilization phase. Experience has shown that women and girls tend to be overwhelmed by household responsibilities and may be unable to move around freely once they return home, and are therefore less likely to be able to attend training programmes. Women\u2019s access will be greatly improved if efforts are made to provide child-care and other services.In many countries, women and girls have lower educational levels and are skilled in jobs that earn less money than their male peers. This should be taken into account in training programmes through providing additional resources for literacy and training in high-earning skills for women and girls. Skills should be culturally appropriate as far as possible, although efforts should be made not to restrict women to low-paid \u2018traditional\u2019 female work, since the post-conflict period offers the possibility of social transformation, including making use of skills acquired by women in wartime.Educational opportunities should be equally available to female and male children of ex-combatants and widows.The spouse or other female family mem- bers of a male ex-combatant should be brought in to witness the signing of an agreement on how his money will get paid. In this way, the resources may actually get passed on to the family, and from there move into the broader community.Receiving communities and women community leaders should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration packages and their potential impact. It cannot be assumed that the benefits of DDR will automatically enrich the community that they enter; they may in fact cause resentment and violence. Efforts should be made to include communities when deciding how development packages will be provided so that ex-combatants\u2019 access to these resources can be influenced and monitored by the community to which they return.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1184, "Sentence":"Does either form of payment subject women and girls to additional security risks?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR either form payment subject woman girl additional security risk" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"6.4.2. Transitional support: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"If cash hand-outs are given to DDR participants as part of their transitional support, the needs and spending patterns of women should be taken into account, and accommodated as much as possible (e.g., do women prefer large payments of cash or monthly payments? Does either form of payment subject women and girls to additional security risks?).Women\u2019s traditional forms of money management should be recognized and supported (e.g., through rotational loan and credit schemes or other innovative forms of microcredit), and, where available, women should be given access to banks and encouraged to open private bank accounts to safeguard their money.Education and training efforts should deal with the needs and desires of the women and girls and start as soon as possible during the demobilization phase. Experience has shown that women and girls tend to be overwhelmed by household responsibilities and may be unable to move around freely once they return home, and are therefore less likely to be able to attend training programmes. Women\u2019s access will be greatly improved if efforts are made to provide child-care and other services.In many countries, women and girls have lower educational levels and are skilled in jobs that earn less money than their male peers. This should be taken into account in training programmes through providing additional resources for literacy and training in high-earning skills for women and girls. Skills should be culturally appropriate as far as possible, although efforts should be made not to restrict women to low-paid \u2018traditional\u2019 female work, since the post-conflict period offers the possibility of social transformation, including making use of skills acquired by women in wartime.Educational opportunities should be equally available to female and male children of ex-combatants and widows.The spouse or other female family mem- bers of a male ex-combatant should be brought in to witness the signing of an agreement on how his money will get paid. In this way, the resources may actually get passed on to the family, and from there move into the broader community.Receiving communities and women community leaders should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration packages and their potential impact. It cannot be assumed that the benefits of DDR will automatically enrich the community that they enter; they may in fact cause resentment and violence. Efforts should be made to include communities when deciding how development packages will be provided so that ex-combatants\u2019 access to these resources can be influenced and monitored by the community to which they return.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1184, "Sentence":").Women\u2019s traditional forms of money management should be recognized and supported (e.g., through rotational loan and credit schemes or other innovative forms of microcredit), and, where available, women should be given access to banks and encouraged to open private bank accounts to safeguard their money.Education and training efforts should deal with the needs and desires of the women and girls and start as soon as possible during the demobilization phase.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR .women \u2019 traditional form money management recognized supported e.g . rotational loan credit scheme innovative form microcredit available woman given access bank encouraged open private bank account safeguard money.education training effort deal need desire woman girl start soon possible demobilization phase ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"6.4.2. Transitional support: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"If cash hand-outs are given to DDR participants as part of their transitional support, the needs and spending patterns of women should be taken into account, and accommodated as much as possible (e.g., do women prefer large payments of cash or monthly payments? Does either form of payment subject women and girls to additional security risks?).Women\u2019s traditional forms of money management should be recognized and supported (e.g., through rotational loan and credit schemes or other innovative forms of microcredit), and, where available, women should be given access to banks and encouraged to open private bank accounts to safeguard their money.Education and training efforts should deal with the needs and desires of the women and girls and start as soon as possible during the demobilization phase. Experience has shown that women and girls tend to be overwhelmed by household responsibilities and may be unable to move around freely once they return home, and are therefore less likely to be able to attend training programmes. Women\u2019s access will be greatly improved if efforts are made to provide child-care and other services.In many countries, women and girls have lower educational levels and are skilled in jobs that earn less money than their male peers. This should be taken into account in training programmes through providing additional resources for literacy and training in high-earning skills for women and girls. Skills should be culturally appropriate as far as possible, although efforts should be made not to restrict women to low-paid \u2018traditional\u2019 female work, since the post-conflict period offers the possibility of social transformation, including making use of skills acquired by women in wartime.Educational opportunities should be equally available to female and male children of ex-combatants and widows.The spouse or other female family mem- bers of a male ex-combatant should be brought in to witness the signing of an agreement on how his money will get paid. In this way, the resources may actually get passed on to the family, and from there move into the broader community.Receiving communities and women community leaders should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration packages and their potential impact. It cannot be assumed that the benefits of DDR will automatically enrich the community that they enter; they may in fact cause resentment and violence. Efforts should be made to include communities when deciding how development packages will be provided so that ex-combatants\u2019 access to these resources can be influenced and monitored by the community to which they return.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1184, "Sentence":"Experience has shown that women and girls tend to be overwhelmed by household responsibilities and may be unable to move around freely once they return home, and are therefore less likely to be able to attend training programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR experience shown woman girl tend overwhelmed household responsibility may unable move around freely return home therefore le likely able attend training programme ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"6.4.2. Transitional support: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"If cash hand-outs are given to DDR participants as part of their transitional support, the needs and spending patterns of women should be taken into account, and accommodated as much as possible (e.g., do women prefer large payments of cash or monthly payments? Does either form of payment subject women and girls to additional security risks?).Women\u2019s traditional forms of money management should be recognized and supported (e.g., through rotational loan and credit schemes or other innovative forms of microcredit), and, where available, women should be given access to banks and encouraged to open private bank accounts to safeguard their money.Education and training efforts should deal with the needs and desires of the women and girls and start as soon as possible during the demobilization phase. Experience has shown that women and girls tend to be overwhelmed by household responsibilities and may be unable to move around freely once they return home, and are therefore less likely to be able to attend training programmes. Women\u2019s access will be greatly improved if efforts are made to provide child-care and other services.In many countries, women and girls have lower educational levels and are skilled in jobs that earn less money than their male peers. This should be taken into account in training programmes through providing additional resources for literacy and training in high-earning skills for women and girls. Skills should be culturally appropriate as far as possible, although efforts should be made not to restrict women to low-paid \u2018traditional\u2019 female work, since the post-conflict period offers the possibility of social transformation, including making use of skills acquired by women in wartime.Educational opportunities should be equally available to female and male children of ex-combatants and widows.The spouse or other female family mem- bers of a male ex-combatant should be brought in to witness the signing of an agreement on how his money will get paid. In this way, the resources may actually get passed on to the family, and from there move into the broader community.Receiving communities and women community leaders should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration packages and their potential impact. It cannot be assumed that the benefits of DDR will automatically enrich the community that they enter; they may in fact cause resentment and violence. Efforts should be made to include communities when deciding how development packages will be provided so that ex-combatants\u2019 access to these resources can be influenced and monitored by the community to which they return.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1184, "Sentence":"Women\u2019s access will be greatly improved if efforts are made to provide child-care and other services.In many countries, women and girls have lower educational levels and are skilled in jobs that earn less money than their male peers.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman \u2019 access greatly improved effort made provide childcare services.in many country woman girl lower educational level skilled job earn le money male peer ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"6.4.2. Transitional support: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"If cash hand-outs are given to DDR participants as part of their transitional support, the needs and spending patterns of women should be taken into account, and accommodated as much as possible (e.g., do women prefer large payments of cash or monthly payments? Does either form of payment subject women and girls to additional security risks?).Women\u2019s traditional forms of money management should be recognized and supported (e.g., through rotational loan and credit schemes or other innovative forms of microcredit), and, where available, women should be given access to banks and encouraged to open private bank accounts to safeguard their money.Education and training efforts should deal with the needs and desires of the women and girls and start as soon as possible during the demobilization phase. Experience has shown that women and girls tend to be overwhelmed by household responsibilities and may be unable to move around freely once they return home, and are therefore less likely to be able to attend training programmes. Women\u2019s access will be greatly improved if efforts are made to provide child-care and other services.In many countries, women and girls have lower educational levels and are skilled in jobs that earn less money than their male peers. This should be taken into account in training programmes through providing additional resources for literacy and training in high-earning skills for women and girls. Skills should be culturally appropriate as far as possible, although efforts should be made not to restrict women to low-paid \u2018traditional\u2019 female work, since the post-conflict period offers the possibility of social transformation, including making use of skills acquired by women in wartime.Educational opportunities should be equally available to female and male children of ex-combatants and widows.The spouse or other female family mem- bers of a male ex-combatant should be brought in to witness the signing of an agreement on how his money will get paid. In this way, the resources may actually get passed on to the family, and from there move into the broader community.Receiving communities and women community leaders should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration packages and their potential impact. It cannot be assumed that the benefits of DDR will automatically enrich the community that they enter; they may in fact cause resentment and violence. Efforts should be made to include communities when deciding how development packages will be provided so that ex-combatants\u2019 access to these resources can be influenced and monitored by the community to which they return.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1184, "Sentence":"This should be taken into account in training programmes through providing additional resources for literacy and training in high-earning skills for women and girls.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR taken account training programme providing additional resource literacy training highearning skill woman girl ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"6.4.2. Transitional support: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"If cash hand-outs are given to DDR participants as part of their transitional support, the needs and spending patterns of women should be taken into account, and accommodated as much as possible (e.g., do women prefer large payments of cash or monthly payments? Does either form of payment subject women and girls to additional security risks?).Women\u2019s traditional forms of money management should be recognized and supported (e.g., through rotational loan and credit schemes or other innovative forms of microcredit), and, where available, women should be given access to banks and encouraged to open private bank accounts to safeguard their money.Education and training efforts should deal with the needs and desires of the women and girls and start as soon as possible during the demobilization phase. Experience has shown that women and girls tend to be overwhelmed by household responsibilities and may be unable to move around freely once they return home, and are therefore less likely to be able to attend training programmes. Women\u2019s access will be greatly improved if efforts are made to provide child-care and other services.In many countries, women and girls have lower educational levels and are skilled in jobs that earn less money than their male peers. This should be taken into account in training programmes through providing additional resources for literacy and training in high-earning skills for women and girls. Skills should be culturally appropriate as far as possible, although efforts should be made not to restrict women to low-paid \u2018traditional\u2019 female work, since the post-conflict period offers the possibility of social transformation, including making use of skills acquired by women in wartime.Educational opportunities should be equally available to female and male children of ex-combatants and widows.The spouse or other female family mem- bers of a male ex-combatant should be brought in to witness the signing of an agreement on how his money will get paid. In this way, the resources may actually get passed on to the family, and from there move into the broader community.Receiving communities and women community leaders should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration packages and their potential impact. It cannot be assumed that the benefits of DDR will automatically enrich the community that they enter; they may in fact cause resentment and violence. Efforts should be made to include communities when deciding how development packages will be provided so that ex-combatants\u2019 access to these resources can be influenced and monitored by the community to which they return.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1184, "Sentence":"Skills should be culturally appropriate as far as possible, although efforts should be made not to restrict women to low-paid \u2018traditional\u2019 female work, since the post-conflict period offers the possibility of social transformation, including making use of skills acquired by women in wartime.Educational opportunities should be equally available to female and male children of ex-combatants and widows.The spouse or other female family mem- bers of a male ex-combatant should be brought in to witness the signing of an agreement on how his money will get paid.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR skill culturally appropriate far possible although effort made restrict woman lowpaid \u2018 traditional \u2019 female work since postconflict period offer possibility social transformation including making use skill acquired woman wartime.educational opportunity equally available female male child excombatants widows.the spouse female family mem bers male excombatant brought witness signing agreement money get paid ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"6.4.2. Transitional support: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"If cash hand-outs are given to DDR participants as part of their transitional support, the needs and spending patterns of women should be taken into account, and accommodated as much as possible (e.g., do women prefer large payments of cash or monthly payments? Does either form of payment subject women and girls to additional security risks?).Women\u2019s traditional forms of money management should be recognized and supported (e.g., through rotational loan and credit schemes or other innovative forms of microcredit), and, where available, women should be given access to banks and encouraged to open private bank accounts to safeguard their money.Education and training efforts should deal with the needs and desires of the women and girls and start as soon as possible during the demobilization phase. Experience has shown that women and girls tend to be overwhelmed by household responsibilities and may be unable to move around freely once they return home, and are therefore less likely to be able to attend training programmes. Women\u2019s access will be greatly improved if efforts are made to provide child-care and other services.In many countries, women and girls have lower educational levels and are skilled in jobs that earn less money than their male peers. This should be taken into account in training programmes through providing additional resources for literacy and training in high-earning skills for women and girls. Skills should be culturally appropriate as far as possible, although efforts should be made not to restrict women to low-paid \u2018traditional\u2019 female work, since the post-conflict period offers the possibility of social transformation, including making use of skills acquired by women in wartime.Educational opportunities should be equally available to female and male children of ex-combatants and widows.The spouse or other female family mem- bers of a male ex-combatant should be brought in to witness the signing of an agreement on how his money will get paid. In this way, the resources may actually get passed on to the family, and from there move into the broader community.Receiving communities and women community leaders should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration packages and their potential impact. It cannot be assumed that the benefits of DDR will automatically enrich the community that they enter; they may in fact cause resentment and violence. Efforts should be made to include communities when deciding how development packages will be provided so that ex-combatants\u2019 access to these resources can be influenced and monitored by the community to which they return.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1184, "Sentence":"In this way, the resources may actually get passed on to the family, and from there move into the broader community.Receiving communities and women community leaders should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration packages and their potential impact.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR way resource may actually get passed family move broader community.receiving community woman community leader informed intention use reintegration package potential impact ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"6.4.2. Transitional support: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"If cash hand-outs are given to DDR participants as part of their transitional support, the needs and spending patterns of women should be taken into account, and accommodated as much as possible (e.g., do women prefer large payments of cash or monthly payments? Does either form of payment subject women and girls to additional security risks?).Women\u2019s traditional forms of money management should be recognized and supported (e.g., through rotational loan and credit schemes or other innovative forms of microcredit), and, where available, women should be given access to banks and encouraged to open private bank accounts to safeguard their money.Education and training efforts should deal with the needs and desires of the women and girls and start as soon as possible during the demobilization phase. Experience has shown that women and girls tend to be overwhelmed by household responsibilities and may be unable to move around freely once they return home, and are therefore less likely to be able to attend training programmes. Women\u2019s access will be greatly improved if efforts are made to provide child-care and other services.In many countries, women and girls have lower educational levels and are skilled in jobs that earn less money than their male peers. This should be taken into account in training programmes through providing additional resources for literacy and training in high-earning skills for women and girls. Skills should be culturally appropriate as far as possible, although efforts should be made not to restrict women to low-paid \u2018traditional\u2019 female work, since the post-conflict period offers the possibility of social transformation, including making use of skills acquired by women in wartime.Educational opportunities should be equally available to female and male children of ex-combatants and widows.The spouse or other female family mem- bers of a male ex-combatant should be brought in to witness the signing of an agreement on how his money will get paid. In this way, the resources may actually get passed on to the family, and from there move into the broader community.Receiving communities and women community leaders should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration packages and their potential impact. It cannot be assumed that the benefits of DDR will automatically enrich the community that they enter; they may in fact cause resentment and violence. Efforts should be made to include communities when deciding how development packages will be provided so that ex-combatants\u2019 access to these resources can be influenced and monitored by the community to which they return.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1184, "Sentence":"It cannot be assumed that the benefits of DDR will automatically enrich the community that they enter; they may in fact cause resentment and violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR assumed benefit ddr automatically enrich community enter may fact cause resentment violence ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.4 Transitional support", "Heading3":"6.4.2. Transitional support: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"If cash hand-outs are given to DDR participants as part of their transitional support, the needs and spending patterns of women should be taken into account, and accommodated as much as possible (e.g., do women prefer large payments of cash or monthly payments? Does either form of payment subject women and girls to additional security risks?).Women\u2019s traditional forms of money management should be recognized and supported (e.g., through rotational loan and credit schemes or other innovative forms of microcredit), and, where available, women should be given access to banks and encouraged to open private bank accounts to safeguard their money.Education and training efforts should deal with the needs and desires of the women and girls and start as soon as possible during the demobilization phase. Experience has shown that women and girls tend to be overwhelmed by household responsibilities and may be unable to move around freely once they return home, and are therefore less likely to be able to attend training programmes. Women\u2019s access will be greatly improved if efforts are made to provide child-care and other services.In many countries, women and girls have lower educational levels and are skilled in jobs that earn less money than their male peers. This should be taken into account in training programmes through providing additional resources for literacy and training in high-earning skills for women and girls. Skills should be culturally appropriate as far as possible, although efforts should be made not to restrict women to low-paid \u2018traditional\u2019 female work, since the post-conflict period offers the possibility of social transformation, including making use of skills acquired by women in wartime.Educational opportunities should be equally available to female and male children of ex-combatants and widows.The spouse or other female family mem- bers of a male ex-combatant should be brought in to witness the signing of an agreement on how his money will get paid. In this way, the resources may actually get passed on to the family, and from there move into the broader community.Receiving communities and women community leaders should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration packages and their potential impact. It cannot be assumed that the benefits of DDR will automatically enrich the community that they enter; they may in fact cause resentment and violence. Efforts should be made to include communities when deciding how development packages will be provided so that ex-combatants\u2019 access to these resources can be influenced and monitored by the community to which they return.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1184, "Sentence":"Efforts should be made to include communities when deciding how development packages will be provided so that ex-combatants\u2019 access to these resources can be influenced and monitored by the community to which they return.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR effort made include community deciding development package provided excombatants \u2019 access resource influenced monitored community return ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Female ex-combatants are less likely to ask to participate in DDR than their male peers, for a variety of reasons: \\n a failure to adequately assess the number of women and girl combatants, supporters and dependants in the assessment phase, so that women and girls are neither expected nor catered for; \\n women and girls in many post-war contexts having poorer access to news sources such as radios and being less likely to be able to read than men; \\n the stigma during peacetime of being associated with an armed force or group; \\n the perception or fact that a weapon is required for participation in a DDR programme; \\n security concerns or a fear of exposure or re-exposure to sexual and gender-based violence; \\n in some cases, commanders deliberately holding girls back because they are considered essential workers and the most desirable sexual partners within the group.2 They may also hide women and girls who have been abducted, for fear of legal and social consequences. Measures should be put in place to ensure women know they have the right to leave, and the capacity to do so in safety.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1185, "Sentence":"Female ex-combatants are less likely to ask to participate in DDR than their male peers, for a variety of reasons: \\n a failure to adequately assess the number of women and girl combatants, supporters and dependants in the assessment phase, so that women and girls are neither expected nor catered for; \\n women and girls in many post-war contexts having poorer access to news sources such as radios and being less likely to be able to read than men; \\n the stigma during peacetime of being associated with an armed force or group; \\n the perception or fact that a weapon is required for participation in a DDR programme; \\n security concerns or a fear of exposure or re-exposure to sexual and gender-based violence; \\n in some cases, commanders deliberately holding girls back because they are considered essential workers and the most desirable sexual partners within the group.2 They may also hide women and girls who have been abducted, for fear of legal and social consequences.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR female excombatants le likely ask participate ddr male peer variety reason n failure adequately ass number woman girl combatant supporter dependant assessment phase woman girl neither expected catered n woman girl many postwar context poorer access news source radio le likely able read men n stigma peacetime associated armed force group n perception fact weapon required participation ddr programme n security concern fear exposure reexposure sexual genderbased violence n case commander deliberately holding girl back considered essential worker desirable sexual partner within group.2 may also hide woman girl abducted fear legal social consequence ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Female ex-combatants are less likely to ask to participate in DDR than their male peers, for a variety of reasons: \\n a failure to adequately assess the number of women and girl combatants, supporters and dependants in the assessment phase, so that women and girls are neither expected nor catered for; \\n women and girls in many post-war contexts having poorer access to news sources such as radios and being less likely to be able to read than men; \\n the stigma during peacetime of being associated with an armed force or group; \\n the perception or fact that a weapon is required for participation in a DDR programme; \\n security concerns or a fear of exposure or re-exposure to sexual and gender-based violence; \\n in some cases, commanders deliberately holding girls back because they are considered essential workers and the most desirable sexual partners within the group.2 They may also hide women and girls who have been abducted, for fear of legal and social consequences. Measures should be put in place to ensure women know they have the right to leave, and the capacity to do so in safety.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1185, "Sentence":"Measures should be put in place to ensure women know they have the right to leave, and the capacity to do so in safety.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR measure put place ensure woman know right leave capacity safety ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Assembly: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Male and female ex-combatants should be equally able to get access to clear information on their eligibility for participation in DDR programmes, as well as the benefits available to them and how to obtain them. At the same time, information and awareness-raising sessions should be offered to the communities that will receive ex-combatants, especially to women\u2019s groups, to help them understand what DDR is, and what they can and cannot expect to gain from it.Information campaigns though the media (e.g., radio and newspapers) should provide information that encourages ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to join programmes. However, it is important to bear in mind that women do not always have access to these tech- nologies, and word of mouth may be the best way of spreading information aimed at them.Eligibility criteria for the three groups of participants should be clearly provided through the information campaign. This includes informing male ex-combatants that women and girls are participants in DDR and that they (i.e., the men) face punishment if they do not release sex slaves. Women and girls should be informed that separate accommodation facil- ities and services (including registration) will be provided for them. Female staff should be present at all assembly areas to process women who report for DDR.Gender balance shall be a priority among staff in the assembly and cantonment sites. It is especially important that men see women in positions of authority in DDR processes. If there are no female leaders (including field officers), men are unlikely to take seriously education efforts aimed at changing their attitudes and ideas about militarized, masculine power. Therefore, information campaigns should emphasize the importance of female lead- ership and of coordination between local women\u2019s NGOs and other civil society groups.Registration forms and questionnaires should be designed to supply sex-disaggregated data on groups to be demobilized.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1186, "Sentence":"Male and female ex-combatants should be equally able to get access to clear information on their eligibility for participation in DDR programmes, as well as the benefits available to them and how to obtain them.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR male female excombatants equally able get access clear information eligibility participation ddr programme well benefit available obtain ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Assembly: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Male and female ex-combatants should be equally able to get access to clear information on their eligibility for participation in DDR programmes, as well as the benefits available to them and how to obtain them. At the same time, information and awareness-raising sessions should be offered to the communities that will receive ex-combatants, especially to women\u2019s groups, to help them understand what DDR is, and what they can and cannot expect to gain from it.Information campaigns though the media (e.g., radio and newspapers) should provide information that encourages ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to join programmes. However, it is important to bear in mind that women do not always have access to these tech- nologies, and word of mouth may be the best way of spreading information aimed at them.Eligibility criteria for the three groups of participants should be clearly provided through the information campaign. This includes informing male ex-combatants that women and girls are participants in DDR and that they (i.e., the men) face punishment if they do not release sex slaves. Women and girls should be informed that separate accommodation facil- ities and services (including registration) will be provided for them. Female staff should be present at all assembly areas to process women who report for DDR.Gender balance shall be a priority among staff in the assembly and cantonment sites. It is especially important that men see women in positions of authority in DDR processes. If there are no female leaders (including field officers), men are unlikely to take seriously education efforts aimed at changing their attitudes and ideas about militarized, masculine power. Therefore, information campaigns should emphasize the importance of female lead- ership and of coordination between local women\u2019s NGOs and other civil society groups.Registration forms and questionnaires should be designed to supply sex-disaggregated data on groups to be demobilized.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1186, "Sentence":"At the same time, information and awareness-raising sessions should be offered to the communities that will receive ex-combatants, especially to women\u2019s groups, to help them understand what DDR is, and what they can and cannot expect to gain from it.Information campaigns though the media (e.g., radio and newspapers) should provide information that encourages ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to join programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR time information awarenessraising session offered community receive excombatants especially woman \u2019 group help understand ddr expect gain it.information campaign though medium e.g . radio newspaper provide information encourages excombatants supporter dependant join programme ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Assembly: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Male and female ex-combatants should be equally able to get access to clear information on their eligibility for participation in DDR programmes, as well as the benefits available to them and how to obtain them. At the same time, information and awareness-raising sessions should be offered to the communities that will receive ex-combatants, especially to women\u2019s groups, to help them understand what DDR is, and what they can and cannot expect to gain from it.Information campaigns though the media (e.g., radio and newspapers) should provide information that encourages ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to join programmes. However, it is important to bear in mind that women do not always have access to these tech- nologies, and word of mouth may be the best way of spreading information aimed at them.Eligibility criteria for the three groups of participants should be clearly provided through the information campaign. This includes informing male ex-combatants that women and girls are participants in DDR and that they (i.e., the men) face punishment if they do not release sex slaves. Women and girls should be informed that separate accommodation facil- ities and services (including registration) will be provided for them. Female staff should be present at all assembly areas to process women who report for DDR.Gender balance shall be a priority among staff in the assembly and cantonment sites. It is especially important that men see women in positions of authority in DDR processes. If there are no female leaders (including field officers), men are unlikely to take seriously education efforts aimed at changing their attitudes and ideas about militarized, masculine power. Therefore, information campaigns should emphasize the importance of female lead- ership and of coordination between local women\u2019s NGOs and other civil society groups.Registration forms and questionnaires should be designed to supply sex-disaggregated data on groups to be demobilized.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1186, "Sentence":"However, it is important to bear in mind that women do not always have access to these tech- nologies, and word of mouth may be the best way of spreading information aimed at them.Eligibility criteria for the three groups of participants should be clearly provided through the information campaign.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR however important bear mind woman always access tech nologies word mouth may best way spreading information aimed them.eligibility criterion three group participant clearly provided information campaign ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Assembly: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Male and female ex-combatants should be equally able to get access to clear information on their eligibility for participation in DDR programmes, as well as the benefits available to them and how to obtain them. At the same time, information and awareness-raising sessions should be offered to the communities that will receive ex-combatants, especially to women\u2019s groups, to help them understand what DDR is, and what they can and cannot expect to gain from it.Information campaigns though the media (e.g., radio and newspapers) should provide information that encourages ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to join programmes. However, it is important to bear in mind that women do not always have access to these tech- nologies, and word of mouth may be the best way of spreading information aimed at them.Eligibility criteria for the three groups of participants should be clearly provided through the information campaign. This includes informing male ex-combatants that women and girls are participants in DDR and that they (i.e., the men) face punishment if they do not release sex slaves. Women and girls should be informed that separate accommodation facil- ities and services (including registration) will be provided for them. Female staff should be present at all assembly areas to process women who report for DDR.Gender balance shall be a priority among staff in the assembly and cantonment sites. It is especially important that men see women in positions of authority in DDR processes. If there are no female leaders (including field officers), men are unlikely to take seriously education efforts aimed at changing their attitudes and ideas about militarized, masculine power. Therefore, information campaigns should emphasize the importance of female lead- ership and of coordination between local women\u2019s NGOs and other civil society groups.Registration forms and questionnaires should be designed to supply sex-disaggregated data on groups to be demobilized.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1186, "Sentence":"This includes informing male ex-combatants that women and girls are participants in DDR and that they (i.e., the men) face punishment if they do not release sex slaves.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR includes informing male excombatants woman girl participant ddr i.e . men face punishment release sex slave ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Assembly: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Male and female ex-combatants should be equally able to get access to clear information on their eligibility for participation in DDR programmes, as well as the benefits available to them and how to obtain them. At the same time, information and awareness-raising sessions should be offered to the communities that will receive ex-combatants, especially to women\u2019s groups, to help them understand what DDR is, and what they can and cannot expect to gain from it.Information campaigns though the media (e.g., radio and newspapers) should provide information that encourages ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to join programmes. However, it is important to bear in mind that women do not always have access to these tech- nologies, and word of mouth may be the best way of spreading information aimed at them.Eligibility criteria for the three groups of participants should be clearly provided through the information campaign. This includes informing male ex-combatants that women and girls are participants in DDR and that they (i.e., the men) face punishment if they do not release sex slaves. Women and girls should be informed that separate accommodation facil- ities and services (including registration) will be provided for them. Female staff should be present at all assembly areas to process women who report for DDR.Gender balance shall be a priority among staff in the assembly and cantonment sites. It is especially important that men see women in positions of authority in DDR processes. If there are no female leaders (including field officers), men are unlikely to take seriously education efforts aimed at changing their attitudes and ideas about militarized, masculine power. Therefore, information campaigns should emphasize the importance of female lead- ership and of coordination between local women\u2019s NGOs and other civil society groups.Registration forms and questionnaires should be designed to supply sex-disaggregated data on groups to be demobilized.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1186, "Sentence":"Women and girls should be informed that separate accommodation facil- ities and services (including registration) will be provided for them.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman girl informed separate accommodation facil ities service including registration provided ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Assembly: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Male and female ex-combatants should be equally able to get access to clear information on their eligibility for participation in DDR programmes, as well as the benefits available to them and how to obtain them. At the same time, information and awareness-raising sessions should be offered to the communities that will receive ex-combatants, especially to women\u2019s groups, to help them understand what DDR is, and what they can and cannot expect to gain from it.Information campaigns though the media (e.g., radio and newspapers) should provide information that encourages ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to join programmes. However, it is important to bear in mind that women do not always have access to these tech- nologies, and word of mouth may be the best way of spreading information aimed at them.Eligibility criteria for the three groups of participants should be clearly provided through the information campaign. This includes informing male ex-combatants that women and girls are participants in DDR and that they (i.e., the men) face punishment if they do not release sex slaves. Women and girls should be informed that separate accommodation facil- ities and services (including registration) will be provided for them. Female staff should be present at all assembly areas to process women who report for DDR.Gender balance shall be a priority among staff in the assembly and cantonment sites. It is especially important that men see women in positions of authority in DDR processes. If there are no female leaders (including field officers), men are unlikely to take seriously education efforts aimed at changing their attitudes and ideas about militarized, masculine power. Therefore, information campaigns should emphasize the importance of female lead- ership and of coordination between local women\u2019s NGOs and other civil society groups.Registration forms and questionnaires should be designed to supply sex-disaggregated data on groups to be demobilized.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1186, "Sentence":"Female staff should be present at all assembly areas to process women who report for DDR.Gender balance shall be a priority among staff in the assembly and cantonment sites.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR female staff present assembly area process woman report ddr.gender balance shall priority among staff assembly cantonment site ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Assembly: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Male and female ex-combatants should be equally able to get access to clear information on their eligibility for participation in DDR programmes, as well as the benefits available to them and how to obtain them. At the same time, information and awareness-raising sessions should be offered to the communities that will receive ex-combatants, especially to women\u2019s groups, to help them understand what DDR is, and what they can and cannot expect to gain from it.Information campaigns though the media (e.g., radio and newspapers) should provide information that encourages ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to join programmes. However, it is important to bear in mind that women do not always have access to these tech- nologies, and word of mouth may be the best way of spreading information aimed at them.Eligibility criteria for the three groups of participants should be clearly provided through the information campaign. This includes informing male ex-combatants that women and girls are participants in DDR and that they (i.e., the men) face punishment if they do not release sex slaves. Women and girls should be informed that separate accommodation facil- ities and services (including registration) will be provided for them. Female staff should be present at all assembly areas to process women who report for DDR.Gender balance shall be a priority among staff in the assembly and cantonment sites. It is especially important that men see women in positions of authority in DDR processes. If there are no female leaders (including field officers), men are unlikely to take seriously education efforts aimed at changing their attitudes and ideas about militarized, masculine power. Therefore, information campaigns should emphasize the importance of female lead- ership and of coordination between local women\u2019s NGOs and other civil society groups.Registration forms and questionnaires should be designed to supply sex-disaggregated data on groups to be demobilized.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1186, "Sentence":"It is especially important that men see women in positions of authority in DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR especially important men see woman position authority ddr process ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Assembly: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Male and female ex-combatants should be equally able to get access to clear information on their eligibility for participation in DDR programmes, as well as the benefits available to them and how to obtain them. At the same time, information and awareness-raising sessions should be offered to the communities that will receive ex-combatants, especially to women\u2019s groups, to help them understand what DDR is, and what they can and cannot expect to gain from it.Information campaigns though the media (e.g., radio and newspapers) should provide information that encourages ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to join programmes. However, it is important to bear in mind that women do not always have access to these tech- nologies, and word of mouth may be the best way of spreading information aimed at them.Eligibility criteria for the three groups of participants should be clearly provided through the information campaign. This includes informing male ex-combatants that women and girls are participants in DDR and that they (i.e., the men) face punishment if they do not release sex slaves. Women and girls should be informed that separate accommodation facil- ities and services (including registration) will be provided for them. Female staff should be present at all assembly areas to process women who report for DDR.Gender balance shall be a priority among staff in the assembly and cantonment sites. It is especially important that men see women in positions of authority in DDR processes. If there are no female leaders (including field officers), men are unlikely to take seriously education efforts aimed at changing their attitudes and ideas about militarized, masculine power. Therefore, information campaigns should emphasize the importance of female lead- ership and of coordination between local women\u2019s NGOs and other civil society groups.Registration forms and questionnaires should be designed to supply sex-disaggregated data on groups to be demobilized.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1186, "Sentence":"If there are no female leaders (including field officers), men are unlikely to take seriously education efforts aimed at changing their attitudes and ideas about militarized, masculine power.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR female leader including field officer men unlikely take seriously education effort aimed changing attitude idea militarized masculine power ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.1. Assembly: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Male and female ex-combatants should be equally able to get access to clear information on their eligibility for participation in DDR programmes, as well as the benefits available to them and how to obtain them. At the same time, information and awareness-raising sessions should be offered to the communities that will receive ex-combatants, especially to women\u2019s groups, to help them understand what DDR is, and what they can and cannot expect to gain from it.Information campaigns though the media (e.g., radio and newspapers) should provide information that encourages ex-combatants, supporters and dependants to join programmes. However, it is important to bear in mind that women do not always have access to these tech- nologies, and word of mouth may be the best way of spreading information aimed at them.Eligibility criteria for the three groups of participants should be clearly provided through the information campaign. This includes informing male ex-combatants that women and girls are participants in DDR and that they (i.e., the men) face punishment if they do not release sex slaves. Women and girls should be informed that separate accommodation facil- ities and services (including registration) will be provided for them. Female staff should be present at all assembly areas to process women who report for DDR.Gender balance shall be a priority among staff in the assembly and cantonment sites. It is especially important that men see women in positions of authority in DDR processes. If there are no female leaders (including field officers), men are unlikely to take seriously education efforts aimed at changing their attitudes and ideas about militarized, masculine power. Therefore, information campaigns should emphasize the importance of female lead- ership and of coordination between local women\u2019s NGOs and other civil society groups.Registration forms and questionnaires should be designed to supply sex-disaggregated data on groups to be demobilized.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1186, "Sentence":"Therefore, information campaigns should emphasize the importance of female lead- ership and of coordination between local women\u2019s NGOs and other civil society groups.Registration forms and questionnaires should be designed to supply sex-disaggregated data on groups to be demobilized.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR therefore information campaign emphasize importance female lead ership coordination local woman \u2019 ngo civil society groups.registration form questionnaire designed supply sexdisaggregated data group demobilized ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Assembly: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"It is imperative that information on the DDR process, including eligibility and benefits, reach women and girls associated with armed groups or forces, as commanders may try to exclude them. In the past, commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of girls and women combatants when DDR begins. Public information and advocacy cam- paigners should ensure that information on women-specific assistance, as well as on women\u2019s rights, is transmitted through various media.Many female combatants, supporters, females associated with armed groups and forces, and female dependants were sexually abused during the war. Links should be developed between the DDR programme and the justice system \u2014 and with a truth and reconciliation commission, if it exists \u2014 to ensure that criminals are prosecuted. Women and girls par- ticipating in the DDR process should be made aware of their rights at the cantonment and demobilization stages. DDR practitioners may consider taking steps to gather information on human rights abuses against women during both stages, including setting up a separate and discreet reporting office specifically for this purpose, because the process of assembling testimonies once the DDR participants return to their communities is complicated.Female personnel, including translators, military staff, social workers and gender ex- perts, should be available to deal with the needs and concerns of those assembling, who are often experiencing high levels of anxiety and facing particular problems such as separation from family members, loss of property, lack of identity documents, etc.In order for women and girl fighters to feel safe and welcomed in a DDR process, and to avoid their self-demobilization, female workers at the assembly point are essential. Training should be put in place for female field workers whose role will be to interview female combatants and other participants in order to identify who should be included in DDR processes, and to support those who are eligible. (See Annex C for gender-sensitive interview questions.)Box 5 Gender-sensitive measures for interviews \\n Men and women should be interviewed separately. \\n They should be assured that all conversations are confidential. \\n Both sexes should be interviewed. \\n Female ex-combatants and supporters must be interviewed by female staff and female interpreters with gender training, if possible. \\n Questions must assess women\u2019s and men\u2019s different experiences, gender roles, relations and identities. \\n Victims of gender-based violence must be interviewed in a very sensitive way, and the interviewer should inform them of protection measures and the availability of counselling. If violence is disclosed, there must be some capacity for follow-up to protect the victim. If no such assistance is available, other methods should be developed to deal with gender-based violence.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1187, "Sentence":"It is imperative that information on the DDR process, including eligibility and benefits, reach women and girls associated with armed groups or forces, as commanders may try to exclude them.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR imperative information ddr process including eligibility benefit reach woman girl associated armed group force commander may try exclude ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Assembly: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"It is imperative that information on the DDR process, including eligibility and benefits, reach women and girls associated with armed groups or forces, as commanders may try to exclude them. In the past, commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of girls and women combatants when DDR begins. Public information and advocacy cam- paigners should ensure that information on women-specific assistance, as well as on women\u2019s rights, is transmitted through various media.Many female combatants, supporters, females associated with armed groups and forces, and female dependants were sexually abused during the war. Links should be developed between the DDR programme and the justice system \u2014 and with a truth and reconciliation commission, if it exists \u2014 to ensure that criminals are prosecuted. Women and girls par- ticipating in the DDR process should be made aware of their rights at the cantonment and demobilization stages. DDR practitioners may consider taking steps to gather information on human rights abuses against women during both stages, including setting up a separate and discreet reporting office specifically for this purpose, because the process of assembling testimonies once the DDR participants return to their communities is complicated.Female personnel, including translators, military staff, social workers and gender ex- perts, should be available to deal with the needs and concerns of those assembling, who are often experiencing high levels of anxiety and facing particular problems such as separation from family members, loss of property, lack of identity documents, etc.In order for women and girl fighters to feel safe and welcomed in a DDR process, and to avoid their self-demobilization, female workers at the assembly point are essential. Training should be put in place for female field workers whose role will be to interview female combatants and other participants in order to identify who should be included in DDR processes, and to support those who are eligible. (See Annex C for gender-sensitive interview questions.)Box 5 Gender-sensitive measures for interviews \\n Men and women should be interviewed separately. \\n They should be assured that all conversations are confidential. \\n Both sexes should be interviewed. \\n Female ex-combatants and supporters must be interviewed by female staff and female interpreters with gender training, if possible. \\n Questions must assess women\u2019s and men\u2019s different experiences, gender roles, relations and identities. \\n Victims of gender-based violence must be interviewed in a very sensitive way, and the interviewer should inform them of protection measures and the availability of counselling. If violence is disclosed, there must be some capacity for follow-up to protect the victim. If no such assistance is available, other methods should be developed to deal with gender-based violence.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1187, "Sentence":"In the past, commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of girls and women combatants when DDR begins.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR past commander known remove weapon possession girl woman combatant ddr begin ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Assembly: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"It is imperative that information on the DDR process, including eligibility and benefits, reach women and girls associated with armed groups or forces, as commanders may try to exclude them. In the past, commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of girls and women combatants when DDR begins. Public information and advocacy cam- paigners should ensure that information on women-specific assistance, as well as on women\u2019s rights, is transmitted through various media.Many female combatants, supporters, females associated with armed groups and forces, and female dependants were sexually abused during the war. Links should be developed between the DDR programme and the justice system \u2014 and with a truth and reconciliation commission, if it exists \u2014 to ensure that criminals are prosecuted. Women and girls par- ticipating in the DDR process should be made aware of their rights at the cantonment and demobilization stages. DDR practitioners may consider taking steps to gather information on human rights abuses against women during both stages, including setting up a separate and discreet reporting office specifically for this purpose, because the process of assembling testimonies once the DDR participants return to their communities is complicated.Female personnel, including translators, military staff, social workers and gender ex- perts, should be available to deal with the needs and concerns of those assembling, who are often experiencing high levels of anxiety and facing particular problems such as separation from family members, loss of property, lack of identity documents, etc.In order for women and girl fighters to feel safe and welcomed in a DDR process, and to avoid their self-demobilization, female workers at the assembly point are essential. Training should be put in place for female field workers whose role will be to interview female combatants and other participants in order to identify who should be included in DDR processes, and to support those who are eligible. (See Annex C for gender-sensitive interview questions.)Box 5 Gender-sensitive measures for interviews \\n Men and women should be interviewed separately. \\n They should be assured that all conversations are confidential. \\n Both sexes should be interviewed. \\n Female ex-combatants and supporters must be interviewed by female staff and female interpreters with gender training, if possible. \\n Questions must assess women\u2019s and men\u2019s different experiences, gender roles, relations and identities. \\n Victims of gender-based violence must be interviewed in a very sensitive way, and the interviewer should inform them of protection measures and the availability of counselling. If violence is disclosed, there must be some capacity for follow-up to protect the victim. If no such assistance is available, other methods should be developed to deal with gender-based violence.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1187, "Sentence":"Public information and advocacy cam- paigners should ensure that information on women-specific assistance, as well as on women\u2019s rights, is transmitted through various media.Many female combatants, supporters, females associated with armed groups and forces, and female dependants were sexually abused during the war.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR public information advocacy cam paigners ensure information womenspecific assistance well woman \u2019 right transmitted various media.many female combatant supporter female associated armed group force female dependant sexually abused war ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Assembly: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"It is imperative that information on the DDR process, including eligibility and benefits, reach women and girls associated with armed groups or forces, as commanders may try to exclude them. In the past, commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of girls and women combatants when DDR begins. Public information and advocacy cam- paigners should ensure that information on women-specific assistance, as well as on women\u2019s rights, is transmitted through various media.Many female combatants, supporters, females associated with armed groups and forces, and female dependants were sexually abused during the war. Links should be developed between the DDR programme and the justice system \u2014 and with a truth and reconciliation commission, if it exists \u2014 to ensure that criminals are prosecuted. Women and girls par- ticipating in the DDR process should be made aware of their rights at the cantonment and demobilization stages. DDR practitioners may consider taking steps to gather information on human rights abuses against women during both stages, including setting up a separate and discreet reporting office specifically for this purpose, because the process of assembling testimonies once the DDR participants return to their communities is complicated.Female personnel, including translators, military staff, social workers and gender ex- perts, should be available to deal with the needs and concerns of those assembling, who are often experiencing high levels of anxiety and facing particular problems such as separation from family members, loss of property, lack of identity documents, etc.In order for women and girl fighters to feel safe and welcomed in a DDR process, and to avoid their self-demobilization, female workers at the assembly point are essential. Training should be put in place for female field workers whose role will be to interview female combatants and other participants in order to identify who should be included in DDR processes, and to support those who are eligible. (See Annex C for gender-sensitive interview questions.)Box 5 Gender-sensitive measures for interviews \\n Men and women should be interviewed separately. \\n They should be assured that all conversations are confidential. \\n Both sexes should be interviewed. \\n Female ex-combatants and supporters must be interviewed by female staff and female interpreters with gender training, if possible. \\n Questions must assess women\u2019s and men\u2019s different experiences, gender roles, relations and identities. \\n Victims of gender-based violence must be interviewed in a very sensitive way, and the interviewer should inform them of protection measures and the availability of counselling. If violence is disclosed, there must be some capacity for follow-up to protect the victim. If no such assistance is available, other methods should be developed to deal with gender-based violence.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1187, "Sentence":"Links should be developed between the DDR programme and the justice system \u2014 and with a truth and reconciliation commission, if it exists \u2014 to ensure that criminals are prosecuted.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR link developed ddr programme justice system \u2014 truth reconciliation commission exists \u2014 ensure criminal prosecuted ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Assembly: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"It is imperative that information on the DDR process, including eligibility and benefits, reach women and girls associated with armed groups or forces, as commanders may try to exclude them. In the past, commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of girls and women combatants when DDR begins. Public information and advocacy cam- paigners should ensure that information on women-specific assistance, as well as on women\u2019s rights, is transmitted through various media.Many female combatants, supporters, females associated with armed groups and forces, and female dependants were sexually abused during the war. Links should be developed between the DDR programme and the justice system \u2014 and with a truth and reconciliation commission, if it exists \u2014 to ensure that criminals are prosecuted. Women and girls par- ticipating in the DDR process should be made aware of their rights at the cantonment and demobilization stages. DDR practitioners may consider taking steps to gather information on human rights abuses against women during both stages, including setting up a separate and discreet reporting office specifically for this purpose, because the process of assembling testimonies once the DDR participants return to their communities is complicated.Female personnel, including translators, military staff, social workers and gender ex- perts, should be available to deal with the needs and concerns of those assembling, who are often experiencing high levels of anxiety and facing particular problems such as separation from family members, loss of property, lack of identity documents, etc.In order for women and girl fighters to feel safe and welcomed in a DDR process, and to avoid their self-demobilization, female workers at the assembly point are essential. Training should be put in place for female field workers whose role will be to interview female combatants and other participants in order to identify who should be included in DDR processes, and to support those who are eligible. (See Annex C for gender-sensitive interview questions.)Box 5 Gender-sensitive measures for interviews \\n Men and women should be interviewed separately. \\n They should be assured that all conversations are confidential. \\n Both sexes should be interviewed. \\n Female ex-combatants and supporters must be interviewed by female staff and female interpreters with gender training, if possible. \\n Questions must assess women\u2019s and men\u2019s different experiences, gender roles, relations and identities. \\n Victims of gender-based violence must be interviewed in a very sensitive way, and the interviewer should inform them of protection measures and the availability of counselling. If violence is disclosed, there must be some capacity for follow-up to protect the victim. If no such assistance is available, other methods should be developed to deal with gender-based violence.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1187, "Sentence":"Women and girls par- ticipating in the DDR process should be made aware of their rights at the cantonment and demobilization stages.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman girl par ticipating ddr process made aware right cantonment demobilization stage ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Assembly: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"It is imperative that information on the DDR process, including eligibility and benefits, reach women and girls associated with armed groups or forces, as commanders may try to exclude them. In the past, commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of girls and women combatants when DDR begins. Public information and advocacy cam- paigners should ensure that information on women-specific assistance, as well as on women\u2019s rights, is transmitted through various media.Many female combatants, supporters, females associated with armed groups and forces, and female dependants were sexually abused during the war. Links should be developed between the DDR programme and the justice system \u2014 and with a truth and reconciliation commission, if it exists \u2014 to ensure that criminals are prosecuted. Women and girls par- ticipating in the DDR process should be made aware of their rights at the cantonment and demobilization stages. DDR practitioners may consider taking steps to gather information on human rights abuses against women during both stages, including setting up a separate and discreet reporting office specifically for this purpose, because the process of assembling testimonies once the DDR participants return to their communities is complicated.Female personnel, including translators, military staff, social workers and gender ex- perts, should be available to deal with the needs and concerns of those assembling, who are often experiencing high levels of anxiety and facing particular problems such as separation from family members, loss of property, lack of identity documents, etc.In order for women and girl fighters to feel safe and welcomed in a DDR process, and to avoid their self-demobilization, female workers at the assembly point are essential. Training should be put in place for female field workers whose role will be to interview female combatants and other participants in order to identify who should be included in DDR processes, and to support those who are eligible. (See Annex C for gender-sensitive interview questions.)Box 5 Gender-sensitive measures for interviews \\n Men and women should be interviewed separately. \\n They should be assured that all conversations are confidential. \\n Both sexes should be interviewed. \\n Female ex-combatants and supporters must be interviewed by female staff and female interpreters with gender training, if possible. \\n Questions must assess women\u2019s and men\u2019s different experiences, gender roles, relations and identities. \\n Victims of gender-based violence must be interviewed in a very sensitive way, and the interviewer should inform them of protection measures and the availability of counselling. If violence is disclosed, there must be some capacity for follow-up to protect the victim. If no such assistance is available, other methods should be developed to deal with gender-based violence.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1187, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners may consider taking steps to gather information on human rights abuses against women during both stages, including setting up a separate and discreet reporting office specifically for this purpose, because the process of assembling testimonies once the DDR participants return to their communities is complicated.Female personnel, including translators, military staff, social workers and gender ex- perts, should be available to deal with the needs and concerns of those assembling, who are often experiencing high levels of anxiety and facing particular problems such as separation from family members, loss of property, lack of identity documents, etc.In order for women and girl fighters to feel safe and welcomed in a DDR process, and to avoid their self-demobilization, female workers at the assembly point are essential.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR ddr practitioner may consider taking step gather information human right abuse woman stage including setting separate discreet reporting office specifically purpose process assembling testimony ddr participant return community complicated.female personnel including translator military staff social worker gender ex perts available deal need concern assembling often experiencing high level anxiety facing particular problem separation family member loss property lack identity document etc.in order woman girl fighter feel safe welcomed ddr process avoid selfdemobilization female worker assembly point essential ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Assembly: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"It is imperative that information on the DDR process, including eligibility and benefits, reach women and girls associated with armed groups or forces, as commanders may try to exclude them. In the past, commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of girls and women combatants when DDR begins. Public information and advocacy cam- paigners should ensure that information on women-specific assistance, as well as on women\u2019s rights, is transmitted through various media.Many female combatants, supporters, females associated with armed groups and forces, and female dependants were sexually abused during the war. Links should be developed between the DDR programme and the justice system \u2014 and with a truth and reconciliation commission, if it exists \u2014 to ensure that criminals are prosecuted. Women and girls par- ticipating in the DDR process should be made aware of their rights at the cantonment and demobilization stages. DDR practitioners may consider taking steps to gather information on human rights abuses against women during both stages, including setting up a separate and discreet reporting office specifically for this purpose, because the process of assembling testimonies once the DDR participants return to their communities is complicated.Female personnel, including translators, military staff, social workers and gender ex- perts, should be available to deal with the needs and concerns of those assembling, who are often experiencing high levels of anxiety and facing particular problems such as separation from family members, loss of property, lack of identity documents, etc.In order for women and girl fighters to feel safe and welcomed in a DDR process, and to avoid their self-demobilization, female workers at the assembly point are essential. Training should be put in place for female field workers whose role will be to interview female combatants and other participants in order to identify who should be included in DDR processes, and to support those who are eligible. (See Annex C for gender-sensitive interview questions.)Box 5 Gender-sensitive measures for interviews \\n Men and women should be interviewed separately. \\n They should be assured that all conversations are confidential. \\n Both sexes should be interviewed. \\n Female ex-combatants and supporters must be interviewed by female staff and female interpreters with gender training, if possible. \\n Questions must assess women\u2019s and men\u2019s different experiences, gender roles, relations and identities. \\n Victims of gender-based violence must be interviewed in a very sensitive way, and the interviewer should inform them of protection measures and the availability of counselling. If violence is disclosed, there must be some capacity for follow-up to protect the victim. If no such assistance is available, other methods should be developed to deal with gender-based violence.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1187, "Sentence":"Training should be put in place for female field workers whose role will be to interview female combatants and other participants in order to identify who should be included in DDR processes, and to support those who are eligible.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR training put place female field worker whose role interview female combatant participant order identify included ddr process support eligible ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Assembly: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"It is imperative that information on the DDR process, including eligibility and benefits, reach women and girls associated with armed groups or forces, as commanders may try to exclude them. In the past, commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of girls and women combatants when DDR begins. Public information and advocacy cam- paigners should ensure that information on women-specific assistance, as well as on women\u2019s rights, is transmitted through various media.Many female combatants, supporters, females associated with armed groups and forces, and female dependants were sexually abused during the war. Links should be developed between the DDR programme and the justice system \u2014 and with a truth and reconciliation commission, if it exists \u2014 to ensure that criminals are prosecuted. Women and girls par- ticipating in the DDR process should be made aware of their rights at the cantonment and demobilization stages. DDR practitioners may consider taking steps to gather information on human rights abuses against women during both stages, including setting up a separate and discreet reporting office specifically for this purpose, because the process of assembling testimonies once the DDR participants return to their communities is complicated.Female personnel, including translators, military staff, social workers and gender ex- perts, should be available to deal with the needs and concerns of those assembling, who are often experiencing high levels of anxiety and facing particular problems such as separation from family members, loss of property, lack of identity documents, etc.In order for women and girl fighters to feel safe and welcomed in a DDR process, and to avoid their self-demobilization, female workers at the assembly point are essential. Training should be put in place for female field workers whose role will be to interview female combatants and other participants in order to identify who should be included in DDR processes, and to support those who are eligible. (See Annex C for gender-sensitive interview questions.)Box 5 Gender-sensitive measures for interviews \\n Men and women should be interviewed separately. \\n They should be assured that all conversations are confidential. \\n Both sexes should be interviewed. \\n Female ex-combatants and supporters must be interviewed by female staff and female interpreters with gender training, if possible. \\n Questions must assess women\u2019s and men\u2019s different experiences, gender roles, relations and identities. \\n Victims of gender-based violence must be interviewed in a very sensitive way, and the interviewer should inform them of protection measures and the availability of counselling. If violence is disclosed, there must be some capacity for follow-up to protect the victim. If no such assistance is available, other methods should be developed to deal with gender-based violence.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1187, "Sentence":"(See Annex C for gender-sensitive interview questions.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR see annex c gendersensitive interview question ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Assembly: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"It is imperative that information on the DDR process, including eligibility and benefits, reach women and girls associated with armed groups or forces, as commanders may try to exclude them. In the past, commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of girls and women combatants when DDR begins. Public information and advocacy cam- paigners should ensure that information on women-specific assistance, as well as on women\u2019s rights, is transmitted through various media.Many female combatants, supporters, females associated with armed groups and forces, and female dependants were sexually abused during the war. Links should be developed between the DDR programme and the justice system \u2014 and with a truth and reconciliation commission, if it exists \u2014 to ensure that criminals are prosecuted. Women and girls par- ticipating in the DDR process should be made aware of their rights at the cantonment and demobilization stages. DDR practitioners may consider taking steps to gather information on human rights abuses against women during both stages, including setting up a separate and discreet reporting office specifically for this purpose, because the process of assembling testimonies once the DDR participants return to their communities is complicated.Female personnel, including translators, military staff, social workers and gender ex- perts, should be available to deal with the needs and concerns of those assembling, who are often experiencing high levels of anxiety and facing particular problems such as separation from family members, loss of property, lack of identity documents, etc.In order for women and girl fighters to feel safe and welcomed in a DDR process, and to avoid their self-demobilization, female workers at the assembly point are essential. Training should be put in place for female field workers whose role will be to interview female combatants and other participants in order to identify who should be included in DDR processes, and to support those who are eligible. (See Annex C for gender-sensitive interview questions.)Box 5 Gender-sensitive measures for interviews \\n Men and women should be interviewed separately. \\n They should be assured that all conversations are confidential. \\n Both sexes should be interviewed. \\n Female ex-combatants and supporters must be interviewed by female staff and female interpreters with gender training, if possible. \\n Questions must assess women\u2019s and men\u2019s different experiences, gender roles, relations and identities. \\n Victims of gender-based violence must be interviewed in a very sensitive way, and the interviewer should inform them of protection measures and the availability of counselling. If violence is disclosed, there must be some capacity for follow-up to protect the victim. If no such assistance is available, other methods should be developed to deal with gender-based violence.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1187, "Sentence":")Box 5 Gender-sensitive measures for interviews \\n Men and women should be interviewed separately.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR box 5 gendersensitive measure interview n men woman interviewed separately ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Assembly: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"It is imperative that information on the DDR process, including eligibility and benefits, reach women and girls associated with armed groups or forces, as commanders may try to exclude them. In the past, commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of girls and women combatants when DDR begins. Public information and advocacy cam- paigners should ensure that information on women-specific assistance, as well as on women\u2019s rights, is transmitted through various media.Many female combatants, supporters, females associated with armed groups and forces, and female dependants were sexually abused during the war. Links should be developed between the DDR programme and the justice system \u2014 and with a truth and reconciliation commission, if it exists \u2014 to ensure that criminals are prosecuted. Women and girls par- ticipating in the DDR process should be made aware of their rights at the cantonment and demobilization stages. DDR practitioners may consider taking steps to gather information on human rights abuses against women during both stages, including setting up a separate and discreet reporting office specifically for this purpose, because the process of assembling testimonies once the DDR participants return to their communities is complicated.Female personnel, including translators, military staff, social workers and gender ex- perts, should be available to deal with the needs and concerns of those assembling, who are often experiencing high levels of anxiety and facing particular problems such as separation from family members, loss of property, lack of identity documents, etc.In order for women and girl fighters to feel safe and welcomed in a DDR process, and to avoid their self-demobilization, female workers at the assembly point are essential. Training should be put in place for female field workers whose role will be to interview female combatants and other participants in order to identify who should be included in DDR processes, and to support those who are eligible. (See Annex C for gender-sensitive interview questions.)Box 5 Gender-sensitive measures for interviews \\n Men and women should be interviewed separately. \\n They should be assured that all conversations are confidential. \\n Both sexes should be interviewed. \\n Female ex-combatants and supporters must be interviewed by female staff and female interpreters with gender training, if possible. \\n Questions must assess women\u2019s and men\u2019s different experiences, gender roles, relations and identities. \\n Victims of gender-based violence must be interviewed in a very sensitive way, and the interviewer should inform them of protection measures and the availability of counselling. If violence is disclosed, there must be some capacity for follow-up to protect the victim. If no such assistance is available, other methods should be developed to deal with gender-based violence.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1187, "Sentence":"\\n They should be assured that all conversations are confidential.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n assured conversation confidential ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Assembly: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"It is imperative that information on the DDR process, including eligibility and benefits, reach women and girls associated with armed groups or forces, as commanders may try to exclude them. In the past, commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of girls and women combatants when DDR begins. Public information and advocacy cam- paigners should ensure that information on women-specific assistance, as well as on women\u2019s rights, is transmitted through various media.Many female combatants, supporters, females associated with armed groups and forces, and female dependants were sexually abused during the war. Links should be developed between the DDR programme and the justice system \u2014 and with a truth and reconciliation commission, if it exists \u2014 to ensure that criminals are prosecuted. Women and girls par- ticipating in the DDR process should be made aware of their rights at the cantonment and demobilization stages. DDR practitioners may consider taking steps to gather information on human rights abuses against women during both stages, including setting up a separate and discreet reporting office specifically for this purpose, because the process of assembling testimonies once the DDR participants return to their communities is complicated.Female personnel, including translators, military staff, social workers and gender ex- perts, should be available to deal with the needs and concerns of those assembling, who are often experiencing high levels of anxiety and facing particular problems such as separation from family members, loss of property, lack of identity documents, etc.In order for women and girl fighters to feel safe and welcomed in a DDR process, and to avoid their self-demobilization, female workers at the assembly point are essential. Training should be put in place for female field workers whose role will be to interview female combatants and other participants in order to identify who should be included in DDR processes, and to support those who are eligible. (See Annex C for gender-sensitive interview questions.)Box 5 Gender-sensitive measures for interviews \\n Men and women should be interviewed separately. \\n They should be assured that all conversations are confidential. \\n Both sexes should be interviewed. \\n Female ex-combatants and supporters must be interviewed by female staff and female interpreters with gender training, if possible. \\n Questions must assess women\u2019s and men\u2019s different experiences, gender roles, relations and identities. \\n Victims of gender-based violence must be interviewed in a very sensitive way, and the interviewer should inform them of protection measures and the availability of counselling. If violence is disclosed, there must be some capacity for follow-up to protect the victim. If no such assistance is available, other methods should be developed to deal with gender-based violence.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1187, "Sentence":"\\n Both sexes should be interviewed.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n sex interviewed ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Assembly: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"It is imperative that information on the DDR process, including eligibility and benefits, reach women and girls associated with armed groups or forces, as commanders may try to exclude them. In the past, commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of girls and women combatants when DDR begins. Public information and advocacy cam- paigners should ensure that information on women-specific assistance, as well as on women\u2019s rights, is transmitted through various media.Many female combatants, supporters, females associated with armed groups and forces, and female dependants were sexually abused during the war. Links should be developed between the DDR programme and the justice system \u2014 and with a truth and reconciliation commission, if it exists \u2014 to ensure that criminals are prosecuted. Women and girls par- ticipating in the DDR process should be made aware of their rights at the cantonment and demobilization stages. DDR practitioners may consider taking steps to gather information on human rights abuses against women during both stages, including setting up a separate and discreet reporting office specifically for this purpose, because the process of assembling testimonies once the DDR participants return to their communities is complicated.Female personnel, including translators, military staff, social workers and gender ex- perts, should be available to deal with the needs and concerns of those assembling, who are often experiencing high levels of anxiety and facing particular problems such as separation from family members, loss of property, lack of identity documents, etc.In order for women and girl fighters to feel safe and welcomed in a DDR process, and to avoid their self-demobilization, female workers at the assembly point are essential. Training should be put in place for female field workers whose role will be to interview female combatants and other participants in order to identify who should be included in DDR processes, and to support those who are eligible. (See Annex C for gender-sensitive interview questions.)Box 5 Gender-sensitive measures for interviews \\n Men and women should be interviewed separately. \\n They should be assured that all conversations are confidential. \\n Both sexes should be interviewed. \\n Female ex-combatants and supporters must be interviewed by female staff and female interpreters with gender training, if possible. \\n Questions must assess women\u2019s and men\u2019s different experiences, gender roles, relations and identities. \\n Victims of gender-based violence must be interviewed in a very sensitive way, and the interviewer should inform them of protection measures and the availability of counselling. If violence is disclosed, there must be some capacity for follow-up to protect the victim. If no such assistance is available, other methods should be developed to deal with gender-based violence.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1187, "Sentence":"\\n Female ex-combatants and supporters must be interviewed by female staff and female interpreters with gender training, if possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n female excombatants supporter must interviewed female staff female interpreter gender training possible ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Assembly: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"It is imperative that information on the DDR process, including eligibility and benefits, reach women and girls associated with armed groups or forces, as commanders may try to exclude them. In the past, commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of girls and women combatants when DDR begins. Public information and advocacy cam- paigners should ensure that information on women-specific assistance, as well as on women\u2019s rights, is transmitted through various media.Many female combatants, supporters, females associated with armed groups and forces, and female dependants were sexually abused during the war. Links should be developed between the DDR programme and the justice system \u2014 and with a truth and reconciliation commission, if it exists \u2014 to ensure that criminals are prosecuted. Women and girls par- ticipating in the DDR process should be made aware of their rights at the cantonment and demobilization stages. DDR practitioners may consider taking steps to gather information on human rights abuses against women during both stages, including setting up a separate and discreet reporting office specifically for this purpose, because the process of assembling testimonies once the DDR participants return to their communities is complicated.Female personnel, including translators, military staff, social workers and gender ex- perts, should be available to deal with the needs and concerns of those assembling, who are often experiencing high levels of anxiety and facing particular problems such as separation from family members, loss of property, lack of identity documents, etc.In order for women and girl fighters to feel safe and welcomed in a DDR process, and to avoid their self-demobilization, female workers at the assembly point are essential. Training should be put in place for female field workers whose role will be to interview female combatants and other participants in order to identify who should be included in DDR processes, and to support those who are eligible. (See Annex C for gender-sensitive interview questions.)Box 5 Gender-sensitive measures for interviews \\n Men and women should be interviewed separately. \\n They should be assured that all conversations are confidential. \\n Both sexes should be interviewed. \\n Female ex-combatants and supporters must be interviewed by female staff and female interpreters with gender training, if possible. \\n Questions must assess women\u2019s and men\u2019s different experiences, gender roles, relations and identities. \\n Victims of gender-based violence must be interviewed in a very sensitive way, and the interviewer should inform them of protection measures and the availability of counselling. If violence is disclosed, there must be some capacity for follow-up to protect the victim. If no such assistance is available, other methods should be developed to deal with gender-based violence.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1187, "Sentence":"\\n Questions must assess women\u2019s and men\u2019s different experiences, gender roles, relations and identities.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n question must ass woman \u2019 men \u2019 different experience gender role relation identity ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Assembly: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"It is imperative that information on the DDR process, including eligibility and benefits, reach women and girls associated with armed groups or forces, as commanders may try to exclude them. In the past, commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of girls and women combatants when DDR begins. Public information and advocacy cam- paigners should ensure that information on women-specific assistance, as well as on women\u2019s rights, is transmitted through various media.Many female combatants, supporters, females associated with armed groups and forces, and female dependants were sexually abused during the war. Links should be developed between the DDR programme and the justice system \u2014 and with a truth and reconciliation commission, if it exists \u2014 to ensure that criminals are prosecuted. Women and girls par- ticipating in the DDR process should be made aware of their rights at the cantonment and demobilization stages. DDR practitioners may consider taking steps to gather information on human rights abuses against women during both stages, including setting up a separate and discreet reporting office specifically for this purpose, because the process of assembling testimonies once the DDR participants return to their communities is complicated.Female personnel, including translators, military staff, social workers and gender ex- perts, should be available to deal with the needs and concerns of those assembling, who are often experiencing high levels of anxiety and facing particular problems such as separation from family members, loss of property, lack of identity documents, etc.In order for women and girl fighters to feel safe and welcomed in a DDR process, and to avoid their self-demobilization, female workers at the assembly point are essential. Training should be put in place for female field workers whose role will be to interview female combatants and other participants in order to identify who should be included in DDR processes, and to support those who are eligible. (See Annex C for gender-sensitive interview questions.)Box 5 Gender-sensitive measures for interviews \\n Men and women should be interviewed separately. \\n They should be assured that all conversations are confidential. \\n Both sexes should be interviewed. \\n Female ex-combatants and supporters must be interviewed by female staff and female interpreters with gender training, if possible. \\n Questions must assess women\u2019s and men\u2019s different experiences, gender roles, relations and identities. \\n Victims of gender-based violence must be interviewed in a very sensitive way, and the interviewer should inform them of protection measures and the availability of counselling. If violence is disclosed, there must be some capacity for follow-up to protect the victim. If no such assistance is available, other methods should be developed to deal with gender-based violence.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1187, "Sentence":"\\n Victims of gender-based violence must be interviewed in a very sensitive way, and the interviewer should inform them of protection measures and the availability of counselling.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n victim genderbased violence must interviewed sensitive way interviewer inform protection measure availability counselling ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Assembly: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"It is imperative that information on the DDR process, including eligibility and benefits, reach women and girls associated with armed groups or forces, as commanders may try to exclude them. In the past, commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of girls and women combatants when DDR begins. Public information and advocacy cam- paigners should ensure that information on women-specific assistance, as well as on women\u2019s rights, is transmitted through various media.Many female combatants, supporters, females associated with armed groups and forces, and female dependants were sexually abused during the war. Links should be developed between the DDR programme and the justice system \u2014 and with a truth and reconciliation commission, if it exists \u2014 to ensure that criminals are prosecuted. Women and girls par- ticipating in the DDR process should be made aware of their rights at the cantonment and demobilization stages. DDR practitioners may consider taking steps to gather information on human rights abuses against women during both stages, including setting up a separate and discreet reporting office specifically for this purpose, because the process of assembling testimonies once the DDR participants return to their communities is complicated.Female personnel, including translators, military staff, social workers and gender ex- perts, should be available to deal with the needs and concerns of those assembling, who are often experiencing high levels of anxiety and facing particular problems such as separation from family members, loss of property, lack of identity documents, etc.In order for women and girl fighters to feel safe and welcomed in a DDR process, and to avoid their self-demobilization, female workers at the assembly point are essential. Training should be put in place for female field workers whose role will be to interview female combatants and other participants in order to identify who should be included in DDR processes, and to support those who are eligible. (See Annex C for gender-sensitive interview questions.)Box 5 Gender-sensitive measures for interviews \\n Men and women should be interviewed separately. \\n They should be assured that all conversations are confidential. \\n Both sexes should be interviewed. \\n Female ex-combatants and supporters must be interviewed by female staff and female interpreters with gender training, if possible. \\n Questions must assess women\u2019s and men\u2019s different experiences, gender roles, relations and identities. \\n Victims of gender-based violence must be interviewed in a very sensitive way, and the interviewer should inform them of protection measures and the availability of counselling. If violence is disclosed, there must be some capacity for follow-up to protect the victim. If no such assistance is available, other methods should be developed to deal with gender-based violence.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1187, "Sentence":"If violence is disclosed, there must be some capacity for follow-up to protect the victim.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR violence disclosed must capacity followup protect victim ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.5 Assembly", "Heading3":"6.5.2. Assembly: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"It is imperative that information on the DDR process, including eligibility and benefits, reach women and girls associated with armed groups or forces, as commanders may try to exclude them. In the past, commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of girls and women combatants when DDR begins. Public information and advocacy cam- paigners should ensure that information on women-specific assistance, as well as on women\u2019s rights, is transmitted through various media.Many female combatants, supporters, females associated with armed groups and forces, and female dependants were sexually abused during the war. Links should be developed between the DDR programme and the justice system \u2014 and with a truth and reconciliation commission, if it exists \u2014 to ensure that criminals are prosecuted. Women and girls par- ticipating in the DDR process should be made aware of their rights at the cantonment and demobilization stages. DDR practitioners may consider taking steps to gather information on human rights abuses against women during both stages, including setting up a separate and discreet reporting office specifically for this purpose, because the process of assembling testimonies once the DDR participants return to their communities is complicated.Female personnel, including translators, military staff, social workers and gender ex- perts, should be available to deal with the needs and concerns of those assembling, who are often experiencing high levels of anxiety and facing particular problems such as separation from family members, loss of property, lack of identity documents, etc.In order for women and girl fighters to feel safe and welcomed in a DDR process, and to avoid their self-demobilization, female workers at the assembly point are essential. Training should be put in place for female field workers whose role will be to interview female combatants and other participants in order to identify who should be included in DDR processes, and to support those who are eligible. (See Annex C for gender-sensitive interview questions.)Box 5 Gender-sensitive measures for interviews \\n Men and women should be interviewed separately. \\n They should be assured that all conversations are confidential. \\n Both sexes should be interviewed. \\n Female ex-combatants and supporters must be interviewed by female staff and female interpreters with gender training, if possible. \\n Questions must assess women\u2019s and men\u2019s different experiences, gender roles, relations and identities. \\n Victims of gender-based violence must be interviewed in a very sensitive way, and the interviewer should inform them of protection measures and the availability of counselling. If violence is disclosed, there must be some capacity for follow-up to protect the victim. If no such assistance is available, other methods should be developed to deal with gender-based violence.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1187, "Sentence":"If no such assistance is available, other methods should be developed to deal with gender-based violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR assistance available method developed deal genderbased violence ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.6 Cantonment", "Heading3":"6.6.1. Cantonment: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The physical layout of the reception centre should be structured so that women and girls may register separately from their male partner, and receive separate identity cards. This will help ensure the safety and autonomy of women and girls who are sex slaves or forced \u2018wives\u2019, for whom the assembly point may offer a rare opportunity for escape from their captors.Separate facilities will be made available to male and female DDR participants at the cantonment site. However, it is also important to make space available for families that do not wish to be separated. Men, women, boys and girls will initially be escorted to separate facilities, but reassured and shown that there will be frequent opportunities offered for con- tact in the early stages of the demobilization processes, as families may have joint decisions to make about their futures. However, women and girls should be given the option of being out of contact with their male counterparts, if they choose to be.Men, women, boys and girls should be offered equal (but, if necessary, separate) access to education about HIV\/AIDS, including voluntary testing, and other health services and supplies (also see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).Efforts should be made to balance domestic duties between men and women so that rather than collecting fuel or water, women and girls can take equal advantage of briefings, retrainings and other facilities at the site. An unequal division of domestic duties can also make women and girls more likely to suffer gender-based violence as they leave the site to fetch water, food or fuel.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1188, "Sentence":"The physical layout of the reception centre should be structured so that women and girls may register separately from their male partner, and receive separate identity cards.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR physical layout reception centre structured woman girl may register separately male partner receive separate identity card ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.6 Cantonment", "Heading3":"6.6.1. Cantonment: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The physical layout of the reception centre should be structured so that women and girls may register separately from their male partner, and receive separate identity cards. This will help ensure the safety and autonomy of women and girls who are sex slaves or forced \u2018wives\u2019, for whom the assembly point may offer a rare opportunity for escape from their captors.Separate facilities will be made available to male and female DDR participants at the cantonment site. However, it is also important to make space available for families that do not wish to be separated. Men, women, boys and girls will initially be escorted to separate facilities, but reassured and shown that there will be frequent opportunities offered for con- tact in the early stages of the demobilization processes, as families may have joint decisions to make about their futures. However, women and girls should be given the option of being out of contact with their male counterparts, if they choose to be.Men, women, boys and girls should be offered equal (but, if necessary, separate) access to education about HIV\/AIDS, including voluntary testing, and other health services and supplies (also see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).Efforts should be made to balance domestic duties between men and women so that rather than collecting fuel or water, women and girls can take equal advantage of briefings, retrainings and other facilities at the site. An unequal division of domestic duties can also make women and girls more likely to suffer gender-based violence as they leave the site to fetch water, food or fuel.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1188, "Sentence":"This will help ensure the safety and autonomy of women and girls who are sex slaves or forced \u2018wives\u2019, for whom the assembly point may offer a rare opportunity for escape from their captors.Separate facilities will be made available to male and female DDR participants at the cantonment site.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR help ensure safety autonomy woman girl sex slave forced \u2018 wife \u2019 assembly point may offer rare opportunity escape captors.separate facility made available male female ddr participant cantonment site ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.6 Cantonment", "Heading3":"6.6.1. Cantonment: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The physical layout of the reception centre should be structured so that women and girls may register separately from their male partner, and receive separate identity cards. This will help ensure the safety and autonomy of women and girls who are sex slaves or forced \u2018wives\u2019, for whom the assembly point may offer a rare opportunity for escape from their captors.Separate facilities will be made available to male and female DDR participants at the cantonment site. However, it is also important to make space available for families that do not wish to be separated. Men, women, boys and girls will initially be escorted to separate facilities, but reassured and shown that there will be frequent opportunities offered for con- tact in the early stages of the demobilization processes, as families may have joint decisions to make about their futures. However, women and girls should be given the option of being out of contact with their male counterparts, if they choose to be.Men, women, boys and girls should be offered equal (but, if necessary, separate) access to education about HIV\/AIDS, including voluntary testing, and other health services and supplies (also see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).Efforts should be made to balance domestic duties between men and women so that rather than collecting fuel or water, women and girls can take equal advantage of briefings, retrainings and other facilities at the site. An unequal division of domestic duties can also make women and girls more likely to suffer gender-based violence as they leave the site to fetch water, food or fuel.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1188, "Sentence":"However, it is also important to make space available for families that do not wish to be separated.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR however also important make space available family wish separated ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.6 Cantonment", "Heading3":"6.6.1. Cantonment: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The physical layout of the reception centre should be structured so that women and girls may register separately from their male partner, and receive separate identity cards. This will help ensure the safety and autonomy of women and girls who are sex slaves or forced \u2018wives\u2019, for whom the assembly point may offer a rare opportunity for escape from their captors.Separate facilities will be made available to male and female DDR participants at the cantonment site. However, it is also important to make space available for families that do not wish to be separated. Men, women, boys and girls will initially be escorted to separate facilities, but reassured and shown that there will be frequent opportunities offered for con- tact in the early stages of the demobilization processes, as families may have joint decisions to make about their futures. However, women and girls should be given the option of being out of contact with their male counterparts, if they choose to be.Men, women, boys and girls should be offered equal (but, if necessary, separate) access to education about HIV\/AIDS, including voluntary testing, and other health services and supplies (also see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).Efforts should be made to balance domestic duties between men and women so that rather than collecting fuel or water, women and girls can take equal advantage of briefings, retrainings and other facilities at the site. An unequal division of domestic duties can also make women and girls more likely to suffer gender-based violence as they leave the site to fetch water, food or fuel.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1188, "Sentence":"Men, women, boys and girls will initially be escorted to separate facilities, but reassured and shown that there will be frequent opportunities offered for con- tact in the early stages of the demobilization processes, as families may have joint decisions to make about their futures.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR men woman boy girl initially escorted separate facility reassured shown frequent opportunity offered con tact early stage demobilization process family may joint decision make future ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.6 Cantonment", "Heading3":"6.6.1. Cantonment: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The physical layout of the reception centre should be structured so that women and girls may register separately from their male partner, and receive separate identity cards. This will help ensure the safety and autonomy of women and girls who are sex slaves or forced \u2018wives\u2019, for whom the assembly point may offer a rare opportunity for escape from their captors.Separate facilities will be made available to male and female DDR participants at the cantonment site. However, it is also important to make space available for families that do not wish to be separated. Men, women, boys and girls will initially be escorted to separate facilities, but reassured and shown that there will be frequent opportunities offered for con- tact in the early stages of the demobilization processes, as families may have joint decisions to make about their futures. However, women and girls should be given the option of being out of contact with their male counterparts, if they choose to be.Men, women, boys and girls should be offered equal (but, if necessary, separate) access to education about HIV\/AIDS, including voluntary testing, and other health services and supplies (also see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).Efforts should be made to balance domestic duties between men and women so that rather than collecting fuel or water, women and girls can take equal advantage of briefings, retrainings and other facilities at the site. An unequal division of domestic duties can also make women and girls more likely to suffer gender-based violence as they leave the site to fetch water, food or fuel.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1188, "Sentence":"However, women and girls should be given the option of being out of contact with their male counterparts, if they choose to be.Men, women, boys and girls should be offered equal (but, if necessary, separate) access to education about HIV\/AIDS, including voluntary testing, and other health services and supplies (also see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).Efforts should be made to balance domestic duties between men and women so that rather than collecting fuel or water, women and girls can take equal advantage of briefings, retrainings and other facilities at the site.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR however woman girl given option contact male counterpart choose be.men woman boy girl offered equal necessary separate access education hiv\/aids including voluntary testing health service supply also see iddrs 5.60 hiv\/aids ddr.efforts made balance domestic duty men woman rather collecting fuel water woman girl take equal advantage briefing retraining facility site ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.6 Cantonment", "Heading3":"6.6.1. Cantonment: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The physical layout of the reception centre should be structured so that women and girls may register separately from their male partner, and receive separate identity cards. This will help ensure the safety and autonomy of women and girls who are sex slaves or forced \u2018wives\u2019, for whom the assembly point may offer a rare opportunity for escape from their captors.Separate facilities will be made available to male and female DDR participants at the cantonment site. However, it is also important to make space available for families that do not wish to be separated. Men, women, boys and girls will initially be escorted to separate facilities, but reassured and shown that there will be frequent opportunities offered for con- tact in the early stages of the demobilization processes, as families may have joint decisions to make about their futures. However, women and girls should be given the option of being out of contact with their male counterparts, if they choose to be.Men, women, boys and girls should be offered equal (but, if necessary, separate) access to education about HIV\/AIDS, including voluntary testing, and other health services and supplies (also see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).Efforts should be made to balance domestic duties between men and women so that rather than collecting fuel or water, women and girls can take equal advantage of briefings, retrainings and other facilities at the site. An unequal division of domestic duties can also make women and girls more likely to suffer gender-based violence as they leave the site to fetch water, food or fuel.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1188, "Sentence":"An unequal division of domestic duties can also make women and girls more likely to suffer gender-based violence as they leave the site to fetch water, food or fuel.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR unequal division domestic duty also make woman girl likely suffer genderbased violence leave site fetch water food fuel ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.6 Cantonment", "Heading3":"6.6.2. Cantonment: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If women and girls are to take advantage of training and education opportunities offered in the cantonment phase, child-care provisions cannot be optional or considered as non-essential. In order to safeguard against sexual violence, latrines, ablution areas, and washing and kitchen facilities should be placed in open areas and should be well lit at night. Cooking facilities, fuel and water should be provided so that women and girls do not need to leave the cantonment area.Health care services, which include reproductive and psychosocial health services, are essential. Women and girls may have specific health and psychosocial needs, e.g., relating to maternity or gender-based violence. Cantonment sites should provide birthing kits, suffi- cient clean water, supplemental feeding and medical facilities. Women and girls who have been abducted and\/or suffered sexual assault during and after the conflict should be assisted by women who are trained in trauma management and offered counselling services, pro- vided that these are culturally acceptable and appropriate. Such assistance is essential to allow female ex-combatants in particular to participate in training and receive any health care or counselling services required.Opportunities should be provided during cantonment to educate women and girls about their rights, e.g., the right to own land or the right to take legal action against those who have committed crimes against them.In some countries, demobilized soldiers are offered opportunities to be employed in new security structures. Female ex-combatants should be provided with the same opportuni- ties as their male counterparts to join the restructured police and security forces.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1189, "Sentence":"If women and girls are to take advantage of training and education opportunities offered in the cantonment phase, child-care provisions cannot be optional or considered as non-essential.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman girl take advantage training education opportunity offered cantonment phase childcare provision optional considered nonessential ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.6 Cantonment", "Heading3":"6.6.2. Cantonment: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If women and girls are to take advantage of training and education opportunities offered in the cantonment phase, child-care provisions cannot be optional or considered as non-essential. In order to safeguard against sexual violence, latrines, ablution areas, and washing and kitchen facilities should be placed in open areas and should be well lit at night. Cooking facilities, fuel and water should be provided so that women and girls do not need to leave the cantonment area.Health care services, which include reproductive and psychosocial health services, are essential. Women and girls may have specific health and psychosocial needs, e.g., relating to maternity or gender-based violence. Cantonment sites should provide birthing kits, suffi- cient clean water, supplemental feeding and medical facilities. Women and girls who have been abducted and\/or suffered sexual assault during and after the conflict should be assisted by women who are trained in trauma management and offered counselling services, pro- vided that these are culturally acceptable and appropriate. Such assistance is essential to allow female ex-combatants in particular to participate in training and receive any health care or counselling services required.Opportunities should be provided during cantonment to educate women and girls about their rights, e.g., the right to own land or the right to take legal action against those who have committed crimes against them.In some countries, demobilized soldiers are offered opportunities to be employed in new security structures. Female ex-combatants should be provided with the same opportuni- ties as their male counterparts to join the restructured police and security forces.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1189, "Sentence":"In order to safeguard against sexual violence, latrines, ablution areas, and washing and kitchen facilities should be placed in open areas and should be well lit at night.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR order safeguard sexual violence latrine ablution area washing kitchen facility placed open area well lit night ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.6 Cantonment", "Heading3":"6.6.2. Cantonment: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If women and girls are to take advantage of training and education opportunities offered in the cantonment phase, child-care provisions cannot be optional or considered as non-essential. In order to safeguard against sexual violence, latrines, ablution areas, and washing and kitchen facilities should be placed in open areas and should be well lit at night. Cooking facilities, fuel and water should be provided so that women and girls do not need to leave the cantonment area.Health care services, which include reproductive and psychosocial health services, are essential. Women and girls may have specific health and psychosocial needs, e.g., relating to maternity or gender-based violence. Cantonment sites should provide birthing kits, suffi- cient clean water, supplemental feeding and medical facilities. Women and girls who have been abducted and\/or suffered sexual assault during and after the conflict should be assisted by women who are trained in trauma management and offered counselling services, pro- vided that these are culturally acceptable and appropriate. Such assistance is essential to allow female ex-combatants in particular to participate in training and receive any health care or counselling services required.Opportunities should be provided during cantonment to educate women and girls about their rights, e.g., the right to own land or the right to take legal action against those who have committed crimes against them.In some countries, demobilized soldiers are offered opportunities to be employed in new security structures. Female ex-combatants should be provided with the same opportuni- ties as their male counterparts to join the restructured police and security forces.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1189, "Sentence":"Cooking facilities, fuel and water should be provided so that women and girls do not need to leave the cantonment area.Health care services, which include reproductive and psychosocial health services, are essential.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR cooking facility fuel water provided woman girl need leave cantonment area.health care service include reproductive psychosocial health service essential ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.6 Cantonment", "Heading3":"6.6.2. Cantonment: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If women and girls are to take advantage of training and education opportunities offered in the cantonment phase, child-care provisions cannot be optional or considered as non-essential. In order to safeguard against sexual violence, latrines, ablution areas, and washing and kitchen facilities should be placed in open areas and should be well lit at night. Cooking facilities, fuel and water should be provided so that women and girls do not need to leave the cantonment area.Health care services, which include reproductive and psychosocial health services, are essential. Women and girls may have specific health and psychosocial needs, e.g., relating to maternity or gender-based violence. Cantonment sites should provide birthing kits, suffi- cient clean water, supplemental feeding and medical facilities. Women and girls who have been abducted and\/or suffered sexual assault during and after the conflict should be assisted by women who are trained in trauma management and offered counselling services, pro- vided that these are culturally acceptable and appropriate. Such assistance is essential to allow female ex-combatants in particular to participate in training and receive any health care or counselling services required.Opportunities should be provided during cantonment to educate women and girls about their rights, e.g., the right to own land or the right to take legal action against those who have committed crimes against them.In some countries, demobilized soldiers are offered opportunities to be employed in new security structures. Female ex-combatants should be provided with the same opportuni- ties as their male counterparts to join the restructured police and security forces.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1189, "Sentence":"Women and girls may have specific health and psychosocial needs, e.g., relating to maternity or gender-based violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman girl may specific health psychosocial need e.g . relating maternity genderbased violence ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.6 Cantonment", "Heading3":"6.6.2. Cantonment: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If women and girls are to take advantage of training and education opportunities offered in the cantonment phase, child-care provisions cannot be optional or considered as non-essential. In order to safeguard against sexual violence, latrines, ablution areas, and washing and kitchen facilities should be placed in open areas and should be well lit at night. Cooking facilities, fuel and water should be provided so that women and girls do not need to leave the cantonment area.Health care services, which include reproductive and psychosocial health services, are essential. Women and girls may have specific health and psychosocial needs, e.g., relating to maternity or gender-based violence. Cantonment sites should provide birthing kits, suffi- cient clean water, supplemental feeding and medical facilities. Women and girls who have been abducted and\/or suffered sexual assault during and after the conflict should be assisted by women who are trained in trauma management and offered counselling services, pro- vided that these are culturally acceptable and appropriate. Such assistance is essential to allow female ex-combatants in particular to participate in training and receive any health care or counselling services required.Opportunities should be provided during cantonment to educate women and girls about their rights, e.g., the right to own land or the right to take legal action against those who have committed crimes against them.In some countries, demobilized soldiers are offered opportunities to be employed in new security structures. Female ex-combatants should be provided with the same opportuni- ties as their male counterparts to join the restructured police and security forces.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1189, "Sentence":"Cantonment sites should provide birthing kits, suffi- cient clean water, supplemental feeding and medical facilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR cantonment site provide birthing kit suffi cient clean water supplemental feeding medical facility ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.6 Cantonment", "Heading3":"6.6.2. Cantonment: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If women and girls are to take advantage of training and education opportunities offered in the cantonment phase, child-care provisions cannot be optional or considered as non-essential. In order to safeguard against sexual violence, latrines, ablution areas, and washing and kitchen facilities should be placed in open areas and should be well lit at night. Cooking facilities, fuel and water should be provided so that women and girls do not need to leave the cantonment area.Health care services, which include reproductive and psychosocial health services, are essential. Women and girls may have specific health and psychosocial needs, e.g., relating to maternity or gender-based violence. Cantonment sites should provide birthing kits, suffi- cient clean water, supplemental feeding and medical facilities. Women and girls who have been abducted and\/or suffered sexual assault during and after the conflict should be assisted by women who are trained in trauma management and offered counselling services, pro- vided that these are culturally acceptable and appropriate. Such assistance is essential to allow female ex-combatants in particular to participate in training and receive any health care or counselling services required.Opportunities should be provided during cantonment to educate women and girls about their rights, e.g., the right to own land or the right to take legal action against those who have committed crimes against them.In some countries, demobilized soldiers are offered opportunities to be employed in new security structures. Female ex-combatants should be provided with the same opportuni- ties as their male counterparts to join the restructured police and security forces.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1189, "Sentence":"Women and girls who have been abducted and\/or suffered sexual assault during and after the conflict should be assisted by women who are trained in trauma management and offered counselling services, pro- vided that these are culturally acceptable and appropriate.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman girl abducted and\/or suffered sexual assault conflict assisted woman trained trauma management offered counselling service pro vided culturally acceptable appropriate ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.6 Cantonment", "Heading3":"6.6.2. Cantonment: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If women and girls are to take advantage of training and education opportunities offered in the cantonment phase, child-care provisions cannot be optional or considered as non-essential. In order to safeguard against sexual violence, latrines, ablution areas, and washing and kitchen facilities should be placed in open areas and should be well lit at night. Cooking facilities, fuel and water should be provided so that women and girls do not need to leave the cantonment area.Health care services, which include reproductive and psychosocial health services, are essential. Women and girls may have specific health and psychosocial needs, e.g., relating to maternity or gender-based violence. Cantonment sites should provide birthing kits, suffi- cient clean water, supplemental feeding and medical facilities. Women and girls who have been abducted and\/or suffered sexual assault during and after the conflict should be assisted by women who are trained in trauma management and offered counselling services, pro- vided that these are culturally acceptable and appropriate. Such assistance is essential to allow female ex-combatants in particular to participate in training and receive any health care or counselling services required.Opportunities should be provided during cantonment to educate women and girls about their rights, e.g., the right to own land or the right to take legal action against those who have committed crimes against them.In some countries, demobilized soldiers are offered opportunities to be employed in new security structures. Female ex-combatants should be provided with the same opportuni- ties as their male counterparts to join the restructured police and security forces.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1189, "Sentence":"Such assistance is essential to allow female ex-combatants in particular to participate in training and receive any health care or counselling services required.Opportunities should be provided during cantonment to educate women and girls about their rights, e.g., the right to own land or the right to take legal action against those who have committed crimes against them.In some countries, demobilized soldiers are offered opportunities to be employed in new security structures.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR assistance essential allow female excombatants particular participate training receive health care counselling service required.opportunities provided cantonment educate woman girl right e.g . right land right take legal action committed crime them.in country demobilized soldier offered opportunity employed new security structure ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.6 Cantonment", "Heading3":"6.6.2. Cantonment: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"If women and girls are to take advantage of training and education opportunities offered in the cantonment phase, child-care provisions cannot be optional or considered as non-essential. In order to safeguard against sexual violence, latrines, ablution areas, and washing and kitchen facilities should be placed in open areas and should be well lit at night. Cooking facilities, fuel and water should be provided so that women and girls do not need to leave the cantonment area.Health care services, which include reproductive and psychosocial health services, are essential. Women and girls may have specific health and psychosocial needs, e.g., relating to maternity or gender-based violence. Cantonment sites should provide birthing kits, suffi- cient clean water, supplemental feeding and medical facilities. Women and girls who have been abducted and\/or suffered sexual assault during and after the conflict should be assisted by women who are trained in trauma management and offered counselling services, pro- vided that these are culturally acceptable and appropriate. Such assistance is essential to allow female ex-combatants in particular to participate in training and receive any health care or counselling services required.Opportunities should be provided during cantonment to educate women and girls about their rights, e.g., the right to own land or the right to take legal action against those who have committed crimes against them.In some countries, demobilized soldiers are offered opportunities to be employed in new security structures. Female ex-combatants should be provided with the same opportuni- ties as their male counterparts to join the restructured police and security forces.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1189, "Sentence":"Female ex-combatants should be provided with the same opportuni- ties as their male counterparts to join the restructured police and security forces.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR female excombatants provided opportuni tie male counterpart join restructured police security force ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.7. Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Weapons possession has traditionally been a criterion for eligibility in DDR programmes. Because women and girls are often less likely to possess weapons even when they are actively engaged in armed forces and groups, and because commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of women and girls before assembly, this criterion often leads to the exclusion of women and girls from DDR processes (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1190, "Sentence":"Weapons possession has traditionally been a criterion for eligibility in DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR weapon possession traditionally criterion eligibility ddr programme ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.7. Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Weapons possession has traditionally been a criterion for eligibility in DDR programmes. Because women and girls are often less likely to possess weapons even when they are actively engaged in armed forces and groups, and because commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of women and girls before assembly, this criterion often leads to the exclusion of women and girls from DDR processes (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1190, "Sentence":"Because women and girls are often less likely to possess weapons even when they are actively engaged in armed forces and groups, and because commanders have been known to remove weapons from the possession of women and girls before assembly, this criterion often leads to the exclusion of women and girls from DDR processes (also see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman girl often le likely posse weapon even actively engaged armed force group commander known remove weapon possession woman girl assembly criterion often lead exclusion woman girl ddr process also see iddrs 4.10 disarmament ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.7. Disarmament", "Heading3":"6.7.1. Disarmament: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Women\u2019s equal access to secure disarmament sites is important to ensure that gendered stereo- types of male and female weapons ownership are not reinforced.Ongoing programmes to disarm, through weapons collections, weapons amnesties, the creation of new gun control laws that assist in the registration of legally owned weapons, programmes of action such as weapons in exchange for development (WED; also referred to as WfD), and other initiatives, should be put in place to support reintegration and devel- opment processes. Such initiatives should be carried out with a full understanding of the gender dynamics in the society and of how gun ownership is gendered in a given context. Media images that encourage or support violent masculinity should be discouraged.Other incentives can be given that replace the prestige and power of owning a weap- on, and social pressure can be applied when communities have a sense of involvement in weapons-collection processes. Men are traditionally associated with the use, ownership and promotion of small arms, and are injured and killed by guns in far larger numbers than are women. However, the difference between female and male gun ownership does not mean that women have no guns. They may pose threats to security and are not only nurturers, innocents and victims in situations of armed conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1191, "Sentence":"Women\u2019s equal access to secure disarmament sites is important to ensure that gendered stereo- types of male and female weapons ownership are not reinforced.Ongoing programmes to disarm, through weapons collections, weapons amnesties, the creation of new gun control laws that assist in the registration of legally owned weapons, programmes of action such as weapons in exchange for development (WED; also referred to as WfD), and other initiatives, should be put in place to support reintegration and devel- opment processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman \u2019 equal access secure disarmament site important ensure gendered stereo type male female weapon ownership reinforced.ongoing programme disarm weapon collection weapon amnesty creation new gun control law assist registration legally owned weapon programme action weapon exchange development wed also referred wfd initiative put place support reintegration devel opment process ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.7. Disarmament", "Heading3":"6.7.1. Disarmament: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Women\u2019s equal access to secure disarmament sites is important to ensure that gendered stereo- types of male and female weapons ownership are not reinforced.Ongoing programmes to disarm, through weapons collections, weapons amnesties, the creation of new gun control laws that assist in the registration of legally owned weapons, programmes of action such as weapons in exchange for development (WED; also referred to as WfD), and other initiatives, should be put in place to support reintegration and devel- opment processes. Such initiatives should be carried out with a full understanding of the gender dynamics in the society and of how gun ownership is gendered in a given context. Media images that encourage or support violent masculinity should be discouraged.Other incentives can be given that replace the prestige and power of owning a weap- on, and social pressure can be applied when communities have a sense of involvement in weapons-collection processes. Men are traditionally associated with the use, ownership and promotion of small arms, and are injured and killed by guns in far larger numbers than are women. However, the difference between female and male gun ownership does not mean that women have no guns. They may pose threats to security and are not only nurturers, innocents and victims in situations of armed conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1191, "Sentence":"Such initiatives should be carried out with a full understanding of the gender dynamics in the society and of how gun ownership is gendered in a given context.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR initiative carried full understanding gender dynamic society gun ownership gendered given context ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.7. Disarmament", "Heading3":"6.7.1. Disarmament: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Women\u2019s equal access to secure disarmament sites is important to ensure that gendered stereo- types of male and female weapons ownership are not reinforced.Ongoing programmes to disarm, through weapons collections, weapons amnesties, the creation of new gun control laws that assist in the registration of legally owned weapons, programmes of action such as weapons in exchange for development (WED; also referred to as WfD), and other initiatives, should be put in place to support reintegration and devel- opment processes. Such initiatives should be carried out with a full understanding of the gender dynamics in the society and of how gun ownership is gendered in a given context. Media images that encourage or support violent masculinity should be discouraged.Other incentives can be given that replace the prestige and power of owning a weap- on, and social pressure can be applied when communities have a sense of involvement in weapons-collection processes. Men are traditionally associated with the use, ownership and promotion of small arms, and are injured and killed by guns in far larger numbers than are women. However, the difference between female and male gun ownership does not mean that women have no guns. They may pose threats to security and are not only nurturers, innocents and victims in situations of armed conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1191, "Sentence":"Media images that encourage or support violent masculinity should be discouraged.Other incentives can be given that replace the prestige and power of owning a weap- on, and social pressure can be applied when communities have a sense of involvement in weapons-collection processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR medium image encourage support violent masculinity discouraged.other incentive given replace prestige power owning weap social pressure applied community sense involvement weaponscollection process ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.7. Disarmament", "Heading3":"6.7.1. Disarmament: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Women\u2019s equal access to secure disarmament sites is important to ensure that gendered stereo- types of male and female weapons ownership are not reinforced.Ongoing programmes to disarm, through weapons collections, weapons amnesties, the creation of new gun control laws that assist in the registration of legally owned weapons, programmes of action such as weapons in exchange for development (WED; also referred to as WfD), and other initiatives, should be put in place to support reintegration and devel- opment processes. Such initiatives should be carried out with a full understanding of the gender dynamics in the society and of how gun ownership is gendered in a given context. Media images that encourage or support violent masculinity should be discouraged.Other incentives can be given that replace the prestige and power of owning a weap- on, and social pressure can be applied when communities have a sense of involvement in weapons-collection processes. Men are traditionally associated with the use, ownership and promotion of small arms, and are injured and killed by guns in far larger numbers than are women. However, the difference between female and male gun ownership does not mean that women have no guns. They may pose threats to security and are not only nurturers, innocents and victims in situations of armed conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1191, "Sentence":"Men are traditionally associated with the use, ownership and promotion of small arms, and are injured and killed by guns in far larger numbers than are women.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR men traditionally associated use ownership promotion small arm injured killed gun far larger number woman ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.7. Disarmament", "Heading3":"6.7.1. Disarmament: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Women\u2019s equal access to secure disarmament sites is important to ensure that gendered stereo- types of male and female weapons ownership are not reinforced.Ongoing programmes to disarm, through weapons collections, weapons amnesties, the creation of new gun control laws that assist in the registration of legally owned weapons, programmes of action such as weapons in exchange for development (WED; also referred to as WfD), and other initiatives, should be put in place to support reintegration and devel- opment processes. Such initiatives should be carried out with a full understanding of the gender dynamics in the society and of how gun ownership is gendered in a given context. Media images that encourage or support violent masculinity should be discouraged.Other incentives can be given that replace the prestige and power of owning a weap- on, and social pressure can be applied when communities have a sense of involvement in weapons-collection processes. Men are traditionally associated with the use, ownership and promotion of small arms, and are injured and killed by guns in far larger numbers than are women. However, the difference between female and male gun ownership does not mean that women have no guns. They may pose threats to security and are not only nurturers, innocents and victims in situations of armed conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1191, "Sentence":"However, the difference between female and male gun ownership does not mean that women have no guns.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR however difference female male gun ownership mean woman gun ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.7. Disarmament", "Heading3":"6.7.1. Disarmament: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Women\u2019s equal access to secure disarmament sites is important to ensure that gendered stereo- types of male and female weapons ownership are not reinforced.Ongoing programmes to disarm, through weapons collections, weapons amnesties, the creation of new gun control laws that assist in the registration of legally owned weapons, programmes of action such as weapons in exchange for development (WED; also referred to as WfD), and other initiatives, should be put in place to support reintegration and devel- opment processes. Such initiatives should be carried out with a full understanding of the gender dynamics in the society and of how gun ownership is gendered in a given context. Media images that encourage or support violent masculinity should be discouraged.Other incentives can be given that replace the prestige and power of owning a weap- on, and social pressure can be applied when communities have a sense of involvement in weapons-collection processes. Men are traditionally associated with the use, ownership and promotion of small arms, and are injured and killed by guns in far larger numbers than are women. However, the difference between female and male gun ownership does not mean that women have no guns. They may pose threats to security and are not only nurturers, innocents and victims in situations of armed conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1191, "Sentence":"They may pose threats to security and are not only nurturers, innocents and victims in situations of armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR may pose threat security nurturers innocent victim situation armed conflict ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.7. Disarmament", "Heading3":"6.7.2. Disarmament: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"At the weapons-collection sites, identification of female ex-combatants who return their weapons and female community members who hand in weapons on behalf of ex-combatants is vital in order to collect and distribute different types of information. Female ex-combatants can be a source of information about the number, location and situation of hidden weapons, and can be asked about these, provided there are adequate security measures to protect the identity of the informant. Programme staff should also ask female community members if they know any female ex-combatant, supporter or dependant who has \u2018self-reintegrated\u2019 and ask them to participate in any WED programmes and other disarmament processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1192, "Sentence":"At the weapons-collection sites, identification of female ex-combatants who return their weapons and female community members who hand in weapons on behalf of ex-combatants is vital in order to collect and distribute different types of information.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR weaponscollection site identification female excombatants return weapon female community member hand weapon behalf excombatants vital order collect distribute different type information ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.7. Disarmament", "Heading3":"6.7.2. Disarmament: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"At the weapons-collection sites, identification of female ex-combatants who return their weapons and female community members who hand in weapons on behalf of ex-combatants is vital in order to collect and distribute different types of information. Female ex-combatants can be a source of information about the number, location and situation of hidden weapons, and can be asked about these, provided there are adequate security measures to protect the identity of the informant. Programme staff should also ask female community members if they know any female ex-combatant, supporter or dependant who has \u2018self-reintegrated\u2019 and ask them to participate in any WED programmes and other disarmament processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1192, "Sentence":"Female ex-combatants can be a source of information about the number, location and situation of hidden weapons, and can be asked about these, provided there are adequate security measures to protect the identity of the informant.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR female excombatants source information number location situation hidden weapon asked provided adequate security measure protect identity informant ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.7. Disarmament", "Heading3":"6.7.2. Disarmament: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"At the weapons-collection sites, identification of female ex-combatants who return their weapons and female community members who hand in weapons on behalf of ex-combatants is vital in order to collect and distribute different types of information. Female ex-combatants can be a source of information about the number, location and situation of hidden weapons, and can be asked about these, provided there are adequate security measures to protect the identity of the informant. Programme staff should also ask female community members if they know any female ex-combatant, supporter or dependant who has \u2018self-reintegrated\u2019 and ask them to participate in any WED programmes and other disarmament processes.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1192, "Sentence":"Programme staff should also ask female community members if they know any female ex-combatant, supporter or dependant who has \u2018self-reintegrated\u2019 and ask them to participate in any WED programmes and other disarmament processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR programme staff also ask female community member know female excombatant supporter dependant \u2018 selfreintegrated \u2019 ask participate wed programme disarmament process ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.7. Disarmament", "Heading3":"6.7.3. Arms reduction and control: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"WED projects are ideal opportunities for delivering specific training for women and girls, as such projects are often tied to the provision of services or goods that can reduce the burden of care disproportionately placed on women and girls in many parts of the world, such as water and fuel collection.Existing efforts of women\u2019s NGOs and female community leaders to raise awareness of weapons spread and misuse should be identified and recognized when planning long-term disarmament processes.Women\u2019s knowledge of trading routes, weapons caches, and other sources of hidden small arms and light weapons should be accessed, where this can be done safely, during the field assessment phase, and this information should be used in disarmament planning. Those conducting interviews will need to establish a close relationship with interviewees; and there is a moral responsibility on the part of such interviewers to protect their sources.When surveys are being carried out to determine attitudes to small arms and light weap- ons, women and girls (both those who participated in conflicts and community members) should be interviewed at the same time as, but separately from, men.Educating and including women prominently in disarmament activities can strengthen women\u2019s profile and leadership roles in the public sphere, and should be encouraged. Opportun- ities should be taken to link women\u2019s knowledge and awareness of disarmament to the pro- motion of their broader political participation and involvement in community development.Collected weapons should be properly guarded and, ideally, destroyed. The involvement of women\u2019s groups in monitoring weapons collection and destruction, and as participants in destruction ceremonies, can be a powerful way of solidifying community support for and investment in the peace process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1193, "Sentence":"WED projects are ideal opportunities for delivering specific training for women and girls, as such projects are often tied to the provision of services or goods that can reduce the burden of care disproportionately placed on women and girls in many parts of the world, such as water and fuel collection.Existing efforts of women\u2019s NGOs and female community leaders to raise awareness of weapons spread and misuse should be identified and recognized when planning long-term disarmament processes.Women\u2019s knowledge of trading routes, weapons caches, and other sources of hidden small arms and light weapons should be accessed, where this can be done safely, during the field assessment phase, and this information should be used in disarmament planning.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR wed project ideal opportunity delivering specific training woman girl project often tied provision service good reduce burden care disproportionately placed woman girl many part world water fuel collection.existing effort woman \u2019 ngo female community leader raise awareness weapon spread misuse identified recognized planning longterm disarmament processes.women \u2019 knowledge trading route weapon cache source hidden small arm light weapon accessed done safely field assessment phase information used disarmament planning ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.7. Disarmament", "Heading3":"6.7.3. Arms reduction and control: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"WED projects are ideal opportunities for delivering specific training for women and girls, as such projects are often tied to the provision of services or goods that can reduce the burden of care disproportionately placed on women and girls in many parts of the world, such as water and fuel collection.Existing efforts of women\u2019s NGOs and female community leaders to raise awareness of weapons spread and misuse should be identified and recognized when planning long-term disarmament processes.Women\u2019s knowledge of trading routes, weapons caches, and other sources of hidden small arms and light weapons should be accessed, where this can be done safely, during the field assessment phase, and this information should be used in disarmament planning. Those conducting interviews will need to establish a close relationship with interviewees; and there is a moral responsibility on the part of such interviewers to protect their sources.When surveys are being carried out to determine attitudes to small arms and light weap- ons, women and girls (both those who participated in conflicts and community members) should be interviewed at the same time as, but separately from, men.Educating and including women prominently in disarmament activities can strengthen women\u2019s profile and leadership roles in the public sphere, and should be encouraged. Opportun- ities should be taken to link women\u2019s knowledge and awareness of disarmament to the pro- motion of their broader political participation and involvement in community development.Collected weapons should be properly guarded and, ideally, destroyed. The involvement of women\u2019s groups in monitoring weapons collection and destruction, and as participants in destruction ceremonies, can be a powerful way of solidifying community support for and investment in the peace process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1193, "Sentence":"Those conducting interviews will need to establish a close relationship with interviewees; and there is a moral responsibility on the part of such interviewers to protect their sources.When surveys are being carried out to determine attitudes to small arms and light weap- ons, women and girls (both those who participated in conflicts and community members) should be interviewed at the same time as, but separately from, men.Educating and including women prominently in disarmament activities can strengthen women\u2019s profile and leadership roles in the public sphere, and should be encouraged.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR conducting interview need establish close relationship interviewee moral responsibility part interviewer protect sources.when survey carried determine attitude small arm light weap ons woman girl participated conflict community member interviewed time separately men.educating including woman prominently disarmament activity strengthen woman \u2019 profile leadership role public sphere encouraged ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.7. Disarmament", "Heading3":"6.7.3. Arms reduction and control: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"WED projects are ideal opportunities for delivering specific training for women and girls, as such projects are often tied to the provision of services or goods that can reduce the burden of care disproportionately placed on women and girls in many parts of the world, such as water and fuel collection.Existing efforts of women\u2019s NGOs and female community leaders to raise awareness of weapons spread and misuse should be identified and recognized when planning long-term disarmament processes.Women\u2019s knowledge of trading routes, weapons caches, and other sources of hidden small arms and light weapons should be accessed, where this can be done safely, during the field assessment phase, and this information should be used in disarmament planning. Those conducting interviews will need to establish a close relationship with interviewees; and there is a moral responsibility on the part of such interviewers to protect their sources.When surveys are being carried out to determine attitudes to small arms and light weap- ons, women and girls (both those who participated in conflicts and community members) should be interviewed at the same time as, but separately from, men.Educating and including women prominently in disarmament activities can strengthen women\u2019s profile and leadership roles in the public sphere, and should be encouraged. Opportun- ities should be taken to link women\u2019s knowledge and awareness of disarmament to the pro- motion of their broader political participation and involvement in community development.Collected weapons should be properly guarded and, ideally, destroyed. The involvement of women\u2019s groups in monitoring weapons collection and destruction, and as participants in destruction ceremonies, can be a powerful way of solidifying community support for and investment in the peace process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1193, "Sentence":"Opportun- ities should be taken to link women\u2019s knowledge and awareness of disarmament to the pro- motion of their broader political participation and involvement in community development.Collected weapons should be properly guarded and, ideally, destroyed.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR opportun ities taken link woman \u2019 knowledge awareness disarmament pro motion broader political participation involvement community development.collected weapon properly guarded ideally destroyed ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.7. Disarmament", "Heading3":"6.7.3. Arms reduction and control: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"WED projects are ideal opportunities for delivering specific training for women and girls, as such projects are often tied to the provision of services or goods that can reduce the burden of care disproportionately placed on women and girls in many parts of the world, such as water and fuel collection.Existing efforts of women\u2019s NGOs and female community leaders to raise awareness of weapons spread and misuse should be identified and recognized when planning long-term disarmament processes.Women\u2019s knowledge of trading routes, weapons caches, and other sources of hidden small arms and light weapons should be accessed, where this can be done safely, during the field assessment phase, and this information should be used in disarmament planning. Those conducting interviews will need to establish a close relationship with interviewees; and there is a moral responsibility on the part of such interviewers to protect their sources.When surveys are being carried out to determine attitudes to small arms and light weap- ons, women and girls (both those who participated in conflicts and community members) should be interviewed at the same time as, but separately from, men.Educating and including women prominently in disarmament activities can strengthen women\u2019s profile and leadership roles in the public sphere, and should be encouraged. Opportun- ities should be taken to link women\u2019s knowledge and awareness of disarmament to the pro- motion of their broader political participation and involvement in community development.Collected weapons should be properly guarded and, ideally, destroyed. The involvement of women\u2019s groups in monitoring weapons collection and destruction, and as participants in destruction ceremonies, can be a powerful way of solidifying community support for and investment in the peace process.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1193, "Sentence":"The involvement of women\u2019s groups in monitoring weapons collection and destruction, and as participants in destruction ceremonies, can be a powerful way of solidifying community support for and investment in the peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR involvement woman \u2019 group monitoring weapon collection destruction participant destruction ceremony powerful way solidifying community support investment peace process ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.8. Resettlement", "Heading3":"6.8.1. Resettlement: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"After demobilization, mechanisms should be put in place to allow female ex-combatants and supporters to return to their destination of choice using a safe means of transport that minimizes exposure to gender-based violence, re-recruitment and abduction or human trafficking.Female ex-combatants and supporters should be properly catered for and included in any travel assistance that is offered after encampment. If a journey will take several days, the needs of women and girls and their children should be catered for, with separate vehicles made available if required.Female ex-combatants and supporters should be free to choose where they will live, and can decide to return to a rural area from which they or their partner came, or to move to a semi-urban or urban area where they may have more freedom from traditional gender roles. Those who have been attached to an armed force or group for a long period of time might not know where they want to go, and therefore need more time and special support to help them decide.A transitional safety net should be put in place to help resettled female ex-combatants and supporters with housing, health care and counselling, and offer educational support to get their children (especially girls) into school.Female ex-combatants and supporters should be fully informed about, and able to access, any reintegration support services, e.g., a local demobilization support office, if one is established.Measures should be put in place to help reunify mothers and children.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1194, "Sentence":"After demobilization, mechanisms should be put in place to allow female ex-combatants and supporters to return to their destination of choice using a safe means of transport that minimizes exposure to gender-based violence, re-recruitment and abduction or human trafficking.Female ex-combatants and supporters should be properly catered for and included in any travel assistance that is offered after encampment.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR demobilization mechanism put place allow female excombatants supporter return destination choice using safe mean transport minimizes exposure genderbased violence rerecruitment abduction human trafficking.female excombatants supporter properly catered included travel assistance offered encampment ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.8. Resettlement", "Heading3":"6.8.1. Resettlement: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"After demobilization, mechanisms should be put in place to allow female ex-combatants and supporters to return to their destination of choice using a safe means of transport that minimizes exposure to gender-based violence, re-recruitment and abduction or human trafficking.Female ex-combatants and supporters should be properly catered for and included in any travel assistance that is offered after encampment. If a journey will take several days, the needs of women and girls and their children should be catered for, with separate vehicles made available if required.Female ex-combatants and supporters should be free to choose where they will live, and can decide to return to a rural area from which they or their partner came, or to move to a semi-urban or urban area where they may have more freedom from traditional gender roles. Those who have been attached to an armed force or group for a long period of time might not know where they want to go, and therefore need more time and special support to help them decide.A transitional safety net should be put in place to help resettled female ex-combatants and supporters with housing, health care and counselling, and offer educational support to get their children (especially girls) into school.Female ex-combatants and supporters should be fully informed about, and able to access, any reintegration support services, e.g., a local demobilization support office, if one is established.Measures should be put in place to help reunify mothers and children.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1194, "Sentence":"If a journey will take several days, the needs of women and girls and their children should be catered for, with separate vehicles made available if required.Female ex-combatants and supporters should be free to choose where they will live, and can decide to return to a rural area from which they or their partner came, or to move to a semi-urban or urban area where they may have more freedom from traditional gender roles.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR journey take several day need woman girl child catered separate vehicle made available required.female excombatants supporter free choose live decide return rural area partner came move semiurban urban area may freedom traditional gender role ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.8. Resettlement", "Heading3":"6.8.1. Resettlement: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"After demobilization, mechanisms should be put in place to allow female ex-combatants and supporters to return to their destination of choice using a safe means of transport that minimizes exposure to gender-based violence, re-recruitment and abduction or human trafficking.Female ex-combatants and supporters should be properly catered for and included in any travel assistance that is offered after encampment. If a journey will take several days, the needs of women and girls and their children should be catered for, with separate vehicles made available if required.Female ex-combatants and supporters should be free to choose where they will live, and can decide to return to a rural area from which they or their partner came, or to move to a semi-urban or urban area where they may have more freedom from traditional gender roles. Those who have been attached to an armed force or group for a long period of time might not know where they want to go, and therefore need more time and special support to help them decide.A transitional safety net should be put in place to help resettled female ex-combatants and supporters with housing, health care and counselling, and offer educational support to get their children (especially girls) into school.Female ex-combatants and supporters should be fully informed about, and able to access, any reintegration support services, e.g., a local demobilization support office, if one is established.Measures should be put in place to help reunify mothers and children.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1194, "Sentence":"Those who have been attached to an armed force or group for a long period of time might not know where they want to go, and therefore need more time and special support to help them decide.A transitional safety net should be put in place to help resettled female ex-combatants and supporters with housing, health care and counselling, and offer educational support to get their children (especially girls) into school.Female ex-combatants and supporters should be fully informed about, and able to access, any reintegration support services, e.g., a local demobilization support office, if one is established.Measures should be put in place to help reunify mothers and children.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR attached armed force group long period time might know want go therefore need time special support help decide.a transitional safety net put place help resettled female excombatants supporter housing health care counselling offer educational support get child especially girl school.female excombatants supporter fully informed able access reintegration support service e.g . local demobilization support office one established.measures put place help reunify mother child ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.9. Social reintegration", "Heading3":"6.9.1. Social reintegration: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants who have been wounded or disabled in action, or have become chronically ill owing to exposure to combat, should be provided with medical care, counselling, reha- bilitation facilities and relevant vocational training. Counselling should also deal with problems such as drugs, alcohol and gender-based violence. These measures will reduce the burden of care that is carried by women and girls, usually unpaid, and can lead to nega- tive coping mechanisms, such as the withdrawal of girls from school to care for disabled relatives.Ex-combatants, their partners and dependants, and receiving families and communities need to be sensitized to the difficulties of readjustment to civilian life of persons participat- ing in or associated with armed groups and forces. Messages of reconciliation should also deal with the problems and specific needs of women and girls who may have suffered abuse in armed groups or forces.Leadership training for community leaders, including church leaders, traditional author- ities and women\u2019s NGOs, should be carried out before community sensitization projects begin, in order to inform them about community development projects associated with reintegration programmes and to strengthen their leadership skills. Training for community members should also include gender training.The media and arts should be used to exchange ideas and experiences and encourage a culture of peace, and respect for human rights and women\u2019s rights", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1195, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants who have been wounded or disabled in action, or have become chronically ill owing to exposure to combat, should be provided with medical care, counselling, reha- bilitation facilities and relevant vocational training.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR excombatants wounded disabled action become chronically ill owing exposure combat provided medical care counselling reha bilitation facility relevant vocational training ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.9. Social reintegration", "Heading3":"6.9.1. Social reintegration: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants who have been wounded or disabled in action, or have become chronically ill owing to exposure to combat, should be provided with medical care, counselling, reha- bilitation facilities and relevant vocational training. Counselling should also deal with problems such as drugs, alcohol and gender-based violence. These measures will reduce the burden of care that is carried by women and girls, usually unpaid, and can lead to nega- tive coping mechanisms, such as the withdrawal of girls from school to care for disabled relatives.Ex-combatants, their partners and dependants, and receiving families and communities need to be sensitized to the difficulties of readjustment to civilian life of persons participat- ing in or associated with armed groups and forces. Messages of reconciliation should also deal with the problems and specific needs of women and girls who may have suffered abuse in armed groups or forces.Leadership training for community leaders, including church leaders, traditional author- ities and women\u2019s NGOs, should be carried out before community sensitization projects begin, in order to inform them about community development projects associated with reintegration programmes and to strengthen their leadership skills. Training for community members should also include gender training.The media and arts should be used to exchange ideas and experiences and encourage a culture of peace, and respect for human rights and women\u2019s rights", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1195, "Sentence":"Counselling should also deal with problems such as drugs, alcohol and gender-based violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR counselling also deal problem drug alcohol genderbased violence ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.9. Social reintegration", "Heading3":"6.9.1. Social reintegration: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants who have been wounded or disabled in action, or have become chronically ill owing to exposure to combat, should be provided with medical care, counselling, reha- bilitation facilities and relevant vocational training. Counselling should also deal with problems such as drugs, alcohol and gender-based violence. These measures will reduce the burden of care that is carried by women and girls, usually unpaid, and can lead to nega- tive coping mechanisms, such as the withdrawal of girls from school to care for disabled relatives.Ex-combatants, their partners and dependants, and receiving families and communities need to be sensitized to the difficulties of readjustment to civilian life of persons participat- ing in or associated with armed groups and forces. Messages of reconciliation should also deal with the problems and specific needs of women and girls who may have suffered abuse in armed groups or forces.Leadership training for community leaders, including church leaders, traditional author- ities and women\u2019s NGOs, should be carried out before community sensitization projects begin, in order to inform them about community development projects associated with reintegration programmes and to strengthen their leadership skills. Training for community members should also include gender training.The media and arts should be used to exchange ideas and experiences and encourage a culture of peace, and respect for human rights and women\u2019s rights", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1195, "Sentence":"These measures will reduce the burden of care that is carried by women and girls, usually unpaid, and can lead to nega- tive coping mechanisms, such as the withdrawal of girls from school to care for disabled relatives.Ex-combatants, their partners and dependants, and receiving families and communities need to be sensitized to the difficulties of readjustment to civilian life of persons participat- ing in or associated with armed groups and forces.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR measure reduce burden care carried woman girl usually unpaid lead nega tive coping mechanism withdrawal girl school care disabled relatives.excombatants partner dependant receiving family community need sensitized difficulty readjustment civilian life person participat ing associated armed group force ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.9. Social reintegration", "Heading3":"6.9.1. Social reintegration: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants who have been wounded or disabled in action, or have become chronically ill owing to exposure to combat, should be provided with medical care, counselling, reha- bilitation facilities and relevant vocational training. Counselling should also deal with problems such as drugs, alcohol and gender-based violence. These measures will reduce the burden of care that is carried by women and girls, usually unpaid, and can lead to nega- tive coping mechanisms, such as the withdrawal of girls from school to care for disabled relatives.Ex-combatants, their partners and dependants, and receiving families and communities need to be sensitized to the difficulties of readjustment to civilian life of persons participat- ing in or associated with armed groups and forces. Messages of reconciliation should also deal with the problems and specific needs of women and girls who may have suffered abuse in armed groups or forces.Leadership training for community leaders, including church leaders, traditional author- ities and women\u2019s NGOs, should be carried out before community sensitization projects begin, in order to inform them about community development projects associated with reintegration programmes and to strengthen their leadership skills. Training for community members should also include gender training.The media and arts should be used to exchange ideas and experiences and encourage a culture of peace, and respect for human rights and women\u2019s rights", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1195, "Sentence":"Messages of reconciliation should also deal with the problems and specific needs of women and girls who may have suffered abuse in armed groups or forces.Leadership training for community leaders, including church leaders, traditional author- ities and women\u2019s NGOs, should be carried out before community sensitization projects begin, in order to inform them about community development projects associated with reintegration programmes and to strengthen their leadership skills.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR message reconciliation also deal problem specific need woman girl may suffered abuse armed group forces.leadership training community leader including church leader traditional author ities woman \u2019 ngo carried community sensitization project begin order inform community development project associated reintegration programme strengthen leadership skill ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.9. Social reintegration", "Heading3":"6.9.1. Social reintegration: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants who have been wounded or disabled in action, or have become chronically ill owing to exposure to combat, should be provided with medical care, counselling, reha- bilitation facilities and relevant vocational training. Counselling should also deal with problems such as drugs, alcohol and gender-based violence. These measures will reduce the burden of care that is carried by women and girls, usually unpaid, and can lead to nega- tive coping mechanisms, such as the withdrawal of girls from school to care for disabled relatives.Ex-combatants, their partners and dependants, and receiving families and communities need to be sensitized to the difficulties of readjustment to civilian life of persons participat- ing in or associated with armed groups and forces. Messages of reconciliation should also deal with the problems and specific needs of women and girls who may have suffered abuse in armed groups or forces.Leadership training for community leaders, including church leaders, traditional author- ities and women\u2019s NGOs, should be carried out before community sensitization projects begin, in order to inform them about community development projects associated with reintegration programmes and to strengthen their leadership skills. Training for community members should also include gender training.The media and arts should be used to exchange ideas and experiences and encourage a culture of peace, and respect for human rights and women\u2019s rights", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1195, "Sentence":"Training for community members should also include gender training.The media and arts should be used to exchange ideas and experiences and encourage a culture of peace, and respect for human rights and women\u2019s rights", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR training community member also include gender training.the medium art used exchange idea experience encourage culture peace respect human right woman \u2019 right" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.9. Social reintegration", "Heading3":"6.9.2. Social reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"As part of the broad consultation carried out with a wide variety of social actors, community awareness-raising meetings should be held to prepare the community to receive ex-combat- ants. Inclusion of women and women\u2019s organizations in these processes shall be essential, as women often play a central role in post-conflict reconstruction and the provision of care. Receiving communities should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration programmes and their potential impact on community development and sustainable peace- building. WED projects should recognize the important role of women in development activities, and should organize information campaigns specifically for female community members.Resources should be allocated to train female community members, ex-combatants and supporters to understand and cope with traumatized children, including how to help ab- ducted girls gain demobilization and reintegration support. It is unfair to burden women with the challenges of reintegrating and rehabilitating child soldiers simply because they are usually the primary caregivers of children.Women\u2019s organizations should be supported; and should be trained to participate in healing and reconciliation work in general, and, in particular, to assist in the reconciliation and reintegration of ex-combatants from different factions. Have women in the post-conflict zone already begun the process of reconstruction after war? Is this work recognized and supported?The expertise of female ex-combatants and supporters \u2014 which may be non-traditional expertise \u2014 should be recognized, respected and utilized by other women. Female ex- combatants\u2019 reintegration should be connected to broader strategies aimed at women\u2019s post-conflict development in order to prevent resentment against fighters as a \u2018privileged\u2019 group.Radio networks should include women\u2019s voices and experiences when educating local people about those who are being reintegrated, to prevent potential tensions from developing.Community mental health practices (such as cleansing ceremonies) should be encour- aged to contribute to the long-term psychological rehabilitation of ex-combatants and to address women\u2019s and girls\u2019 specific suffering or trauma (often a result of sexualized violence), as long as they encourage and support rather than undermine women\u2019s and girls\u2019 human rights and well-being.Female ex-combatants should have equal access to legal aid or support to assist them in combating discrimination (in both the private and public spheres).The establishment of formal\/informal network groups among female ex-combatants and supporters should be encouraged, with support from women\u2019s NGOs. This will give them an opportunity to support each other and foster leadership. Particularly for those who decide to go to a new place rather than home, such support will be essential.Box 6 Example of factors that may contribute to women\u2019s social reintegration \\n\\n The level of women\u2019s participation in decision-making: \\n in the household \\n at the community level \\n at the national and government levels \\n\\n The public image and self-image of women and men \\n\\n The public and private\/domestic roles of women and men* \\n the level of diversity and flexibility in these gender roles \\n inflexible gender roles \\n\\n The public perception of gender-based violence, including rape \\n\\n Organizational and other capacity of women\u2019s NGOs and women\u2019s ministries \\n\\n Social networks of local women\u2019s groups, female community leaders and church leaders \\n\\n Media coverage of women and gender issues \\n * Note: An assessment of gender roles could help women and men to think about: \\n\\n what women and men can and cannot do in their society \\n\\n what kinds of expectations the community has of women and men \\n\\n what barriers women and men face if they want to perform non-traditional roles \\n\\n in what area(s) women and men could transform their gender roles \\n\\n how women\u2019s and men\u2019s roles have changed during conflict", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1196, "Sentence":"As part of the broad consultation carried out with a wide variety of social actors, community awareness-raising meetings should be held to prepare the community to receive ex-combat- ants.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR part broad consultation carried wide variety social actor community awarenessraising meeting held prepare community receive excombat ant ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.9. Social reintegration", "Heading3":"6.9.2. Social reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"As part of the broad consultation carried out with a wide variety of social actors, community awareness-raising meetings should be held to prepare the community to receive ex-combat- ants. Inclusion of women and women\u2019s organizations in these processes shall be essential, as women often play a central role in post-conflict reconstruction and the provision of care. Receiving communities should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration programmes and their potential impact on community development and sustainable peace- building. WED projects should recognize the important role of women in development activities, and should organize information campaigns specifically for female community members.Resources should be allocated to train female community members, ex-combatants and supporters to understand and cope with traumatized children, including how to help ab- ducted girls gain demobilization and reintegration support. It is unfair to burden women with the challenges of reintegrating and rehabilitating child soldiers simply because they are usually the primary caregivers of children.Women\u2019s organizations should be supported; and should be trained to participate in healing and reconciliation work in general, and, in particular, to assist in the reconciliation and reintegration of ex-combatants from different factions. Have women in the post-conflict zone already begun the process of reconstruction after war? Is this work recognized and supported?The expertise of female ex-combatants and supporters \u2014 which may be non-traditional expertise \u2014 should be recognized, respected and utilized by other women. Female ex- combatants\u2019 reintegration should be connected to broader strategies aimed at women\u2019s post-conflict development in order to prevent resentment against fighters as a \u2018privileged\u2019 group.Radio networks should include women\u2019s voices and experiences when educating local people about those who are being reintegrated, to prevent potential tensions from developing.Community mental health practices (such as cleansing ceremonies) should be encour- aged to contribute to the long-term psychological rehabilitation of ex-combatants and to address women\u2019s and girls\u2019 specific suffering or trauma (often a result of sexualized violence), as long as they encourage and support rather than undermine women\u2019s and girls\u2019 human rights and well-being.Female ex-combatants should have equal access to legal aid or support to assist them in combating discrimination (in both the private and public spheres).The establishment of formal\/informal network groups among female ex-combatants and supporters should be encouraged, with support from women\u2019s NGOs. This will give them an opportunity to support each other and foster leadership. Particularly for those who decide to go to a new place rather than home, such support will be essential.Box 6 Example of factors that may contribute to women\u2019s social reintegration \\n\\n The level of women\u2019s participation in decision-making: \\n in the household \\n at the community level \\n at the national and government levels \\n\\n The public image and self-image of women and men \\n\\n The public and private\/domestic roles of women and men* \\n the level of diversity and flexibility in these gender roles \\n inflexible gender roles \\n\\n The public perception of gender-based violence, including rape \\n\\n Organizational and other capacity of women\u2019s NGOs and women\u2019s ministries \\n\\n Social networks of local women\u2019s groups, female community leaders and church leaders \\n\\n Media coverage of women and gender issues \\n * Note: An assessment of gender roles could help women and men to think about: \\n\\n what women and men can and cannot do in their society \\n\\n what kinds of expectations the community has of women and men \\n\\n what barriers women and men face if they want to perform non-traditional roles \\n\\n in what area(s) women and men could transform their gender roles \\n\\n how women\u2019s and men\u2019s roles have changed during conflict", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1196, "Sentence":"Inclusion of women and women\u2019s organizations in these processes shall be essential, as women often play a central role in post-conflict reconstruction and the provision of care.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR inclusion woman woman \u2019 organization process shall essential woman often play central role postconflict reconstruction provision care ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.9. Social reintegration", "Heading3":"6.9.2. Social reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"As part of the broad consultation carried out with a wide variety of social actors, community awareness-raising meetings should be held to prepare the community to receive ex-combat- ants. Inclusion of women and women\u2019s organizations in these processes shall be essential, as women often play a central role in post-conflict reconstruction and the provision of care. Receiving communities should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration programmes and their potential impact on community development and sustainable peace- building. WED projects should recognize the important role of women in development activities, and should organize information campaigns specifically for female community members.Resources should be allocated to train female community members, ex-combatants and supporters to understand and cope with traumatized children, including how to help ab- ducted girls gain demobilization and reintegration support. It is unfair to burden women with the challenges of reintegrating and rehabilitating child soldiers simply because they are usually the primary caregivers of children.Women\u2019s organizations should be supported; and should be trained to participate in healing and reconciliation work in general, and, in particular, to assist in the reconciliation and reintegration of ex-combatants from different factions. Have women in the post-conflict zone already begun the process of reconstruction after war? Is this work recognized and supported?The expertise of female ex-combatants and supporters \u2014 which may be non-traditional expertise \u2014 should be recognized, respected and utilized by other women. Female ex- combatants\u2019 reintegration should be connected to broader strategies aimed at women\u2019s post-conflict development in order to prevent resentment against fighters as a \u2018privileged\u2019 group.Radio networks should include women\u2019s voices and experiences when educating local people about those who are being reintegrated, to prevent potential tensions from developing.Community mental health practices (such as cleansing ceremonies) should be encour- aged to contribute to the long-term psychological rehabilitation of ex-combatants and to address women\u2019s and girls\u2019 specific suffering or trauma (often a result of sexualized violence), as long as they encourage and support rather than undermine women\u2019s and girls\u2019 human rights and well-being.Female ex-combatants should have equal access to legal aid or support to assist them in combating discrimination (in both the private and public spheres).The establishment of formal\/informal network groups among female ex-combatants and supporters should be encouraged, with support from women\u2019s NGOs. This will give them an opportunity to support each other and foster leadership. Particularly for those who decide to go to a new place rather than home, such support will be essential.Box 6 Example of factors that may contribute to women\u2019s social reintegration \\n\\n The level of women\u2019s participation in decision-making: \\n in the household \\n at the community level \\n at the national and government levels \\n\\n The public image and self-image of women and men \\n\\n The public and private\/domestic roles of women and men* \\n the level of diversity and flexibility in these gender roles \\n inflexible gender roles \\n\\n The public perception of gender-based violence, including rape \\n\\n Organizational and other capacity of women\u2019s NGOs and women\u2019s ministries \\n\\n Social networks of local women\u2019s groups, female community leaders and church leaders \\n\\n Media coverage of women and gender issues \\n * Note: An assessment of gender roles could help women and men to think about: \\n\\n what women and men can and cannot do in their society \\n\\n what kinds of expectations the community has of women and men \\n\\n what barriers women and men face if they want to perform non-traditional roles \\n\\n in what area(s) women and men could transform their gender roles \\n\\n how women\u2019s and men\u2019s roles have changed during conflict", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1196, "Sentence":"Receiving communities should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration programmes and their potential impact on community development and sustainable peace- building.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR receiving community informed intention use reintegration programme potential impact community development sustainable peace building ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.9. Social reintegration", "Heading3":"6.9.2. Social reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"As part of the broad consultation carried out with a wide variety of social actors, community awareness-raising meetings should be held to prepare the community to receive ex-combat- ants. Inclusion of women and women\u2019s organizations in these processes shall be essential, as women often play a central role in post-conflict reconstruction and the provision of care. Receiving communities should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration programmes and their potential impact on community development and sustainable peace- building. WED projects should recognize the important role of women in development activities, and should organize information campaigns specifically for female community members.Resources should be allocated to train female community members, ex-combatants and supporters to understand and cope with traumatized children, including how to help ab- ducted girls gain demobilization and reintegration support. It is unfair to burden women with the challenges of reintegrating and rehabilitating child soldiers simply because they are usually the primary caregivers of children.Women\u2019s organizations should be supported; and should be trained to participate in healing and reconciliation work in general, and, in particular, to assist in the reconciliation and reintegration of ex-combatants from different factions. Have women in the post-conflict zone already begun the process of reconstruction after war? Is this work recognized and supported?The expertise of female ex-combatants and supporters \u2014 which may be non-traditional expertise \u2014 should be recognized, respected and utilized by other women. Female ex- combatants\u2019 reintegration should be connected to broader strategies aimed at women\u2019s post-conflict development in order to prevent resentment against fighters as a \u2018privileged\u2019 group.Radio networks should include women\u2019s voices and experiences when educating local people about those who are being reintegrated, to prevent potential tensions from developing.Community mental health practices (such as cleansing ceremonies) should be encour- aged to contribute to the long-term psychological rehabilitation of ex-combatants and to address women\u2019s and girls\u2019 specific suffering or trauma (often a result of sexualized violence), as long as they encourage and support rather than undermine women\u2019s and girls\u2019 human rights and well-being.Female ex-combatants should have equal access to legal aid or support to assist them in combating discrimination (in both the private and public spheres).The establishment of formal\/informal network groups among female ex-combatants and supporters should be encouraged, with support from women\u2019s NGOs. This will give them an opportunity to support each other and foster leadership. Particularly for those who decide to go to a new place rather than home, such support will be essential.Box 6 Example of factors that may contribute to women\u2019s social reintegration \\n\\n The level of women\u2019s participation in decision-making: \\n in the household \\n at the community level \\n at the national and government levels \\n\\n The public image and self-image of women and men \\n\\n The public and private\/domestic roles of women and men* \\n the level of diversity and flexibility in these gender roles \\n inflexible gender roles \\n\\n The public perception of gender-based violence, including rape \\n\\n Organizational and other capacity of women\u2019s NGOs and women\u2019s ministries \\n\\n Social networks of local women\u2019s groups, female community leaders and church leaders \\n\\n Media coverage of women and gender issues \\n * Note: An assessment of gender roles could help women and men to think about: \\n\\n what women and men can and cannot do in their society \\n\\n what kinds of expectations the community has of women and men \\n\\n what barriers women and men face if they want to perform non-traditional roles \\n\\n in what area(s) women and men could transform their gender roles \\n\\n how women\u2019s and men\u2019s roles have changed during conflict", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1196, "Sentence":"WED projects should recognize the important role of women in development activities, and should organize information campaigns specifically for female community members.Resources should be allocated to train female community members, ex-combatants and supporters to understand and cope with traumatized children, including how to help ab- ducted girls gain demobilization and reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR wed project recognize important role woman development activity organize information campaign specifically female community members.resources allocated train female community member excombatants supporter understand cope traumatized child including help ab ducted girl gain demobilization reintegration support ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.9. Social reintegration", "Heading3":"6.9.2. Social reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"As part of the broad consultation carried out with a wide variety of social actors, community awareness-raising meetings should be held to prepare the community to receive ex-combat- ants. Inclusion of women and women\u2019s organizations in these processes shall be essential, as women often play a central role in post-conflict reconstruction and the provision of care. Receiving communities should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration programmes and their potential impact on community development and sustainable peace- building. WED projects should recognize the important role of women in development activities, and should organize information campaigns specifically for female community members.Resources should be allocated to train female community members, ex-combatants and supporters to understand and cope with traumatized children, including how to help ab- ducted girls gain demobilization and reintegration support. It is unfair to burden women with the challenges of reintegrating and rehabilitating child soldiers simply because they are usually the primary caregivers of children.Women\u2019s organizations should be supported; and should be trained to participate in healing and reconciliation work in general, and, in particular, to assist in the reconciliation and reintegration of ex-combatants from different factions. Have women in the post-conflict zone already begun the process of reconstruction after war? Is this work recognized and supported?The expertise of female ex-combatants and supporters \u2014 which may be non-traditional expertise \u2014 should be recognized, respected and utilized by other women. Female ex- combatants\u2019 reintegration should be connected to broader strategies aimed at women\u2019s post-conflict development in order to prevent resentment against fighters as a \u2018privileged\u2019 group.Radio networks should include women\u2019s voices and experiences when educating local people about those who are being reintegrated, to prevent potential tensions from developing.Community mental health practices (such as cleansing ceremonies) should be encour- aged to contribute to the long-term psychological rehabilitation of ex-combatants and to address women\u2019s and girls\u2019 specific suffering or trauma (often a result of sexualized violence), as long as they encourage and support rather than undermine women\u2019s and girls\u2019 human rights and well-being.Female ex-combatants should have equal access to legal aid or support to assist them in combating discrimination (in both the private and public spheres).The establishment of formal\/informal network groups among female ex-combatants and supporters should be encouraged, with support from women\u2019s NGOs. This will give them an opportunity to support each other and foster leadership. Particularly for those who decide to go to a new place rather than home, such support will be essential.Box 6 Example of factors that may contribute to women\u2019s social reintegration \\n\\n The level of women\u2019s participation in decision-making: \\n in the household \\n at the community level \\n at the national and government levels \\n\\n The public image and self-image of women and men \\n\\n The public and private\/domestic roles of women and men* \\n the level of diversity and flexibility in these gender roles \\n inflexible gender roles \\n\\n The public perception of gender-based violence, including rape \\n\\n Organizational and other capacity of women\u2019s NGOs and women\u2019s ministries \\n\\n Social networks of local women\u2019s groups, female community leaders and church leaders \\n\\n Media coverage of women and gender issues \\n * Note: An assessment of gender roles could help women and men to think about: \\n\\n what women and men can and cannot do in their society \\n\\n what kinds of expectations the community has of women and men \\n\\n what barriers women and men face if they want to perform non-traditional roles \\n\\n in what area(s) women and men could transform their gender roles \\n\\n how women\u2019s and men\u2019s roles have changed during conflict", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1196, "Sentence":"It is unfair to burden women with the challenges of reintegrating and rehabilitating child soldiers simply because they are usually the primary caregivers of children.Women\u2019s organizations should be supported; and should be trained to participate in healing and reconciliation work in general, and, in particular, to assist in the reconciliation and reintegration of ex-combatants from different factions.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR unfair burden woman challenge reintegrating rehabilitating child soldier simply usually primary caregiver children.women \u2019 organization supported trained participate healing reconciliation work general particular assist reconciliation reintegration excombatants different faction ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.9. Social reintegration", "Heading3":"6.9.2. Social reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"As part of the broad consultation carried out with a wide variety of social actors, community awareness-raising meetings should be held to prepare the community to receive ex-combat- ants. Inclusion of women and women\u2019s organizations in these processes shall be essential, as women often play a central role in post-conflict reconstruction and the provision of care. Receiving communities should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration programmes and their potential impact on community development and sustainable peace- building. WED projects should recognize the important role of women in development activities, and should organize information campaigns specifically for female community members.Resources should be allocated to train female community members, ex-combatants and supporters to understand and cope with traumatized children, including how to help ab- ducted girls gain demobilization and reintegration support. It is unfair to burden women with the challenges of reintegrating and rehabilitating child soldiers simply because they are usually the primary caregivers of children.Women\u2019s organizations should be supported; and should be trained to participate in healing and reconciliation work in general, and, in particular, to assist in the reconciliation and reintegration of ex-combatants from different factions. Have women in the post-conflict zone already begun the process of reconstruction after war? Is this work recognized and supported?The expertise of female ex-combatants and supporters \u2014 which may be non-traditional expertise \u2014 should be recognized, respected and utilized by other women. Female ex- combatants\u2019 reintegration should be connected to broader strategies aimed at women\u2019s post-conflict development in order to prevent resentment against fighters as a \u2018privileged\u2019 group.Radio networks should include women\u2019s voices and experiences when educating local people about those who are being reintegrated, to prevent potential tensions from developing.Community mental health practices (such as cleansing ceremonies) should be encour- aged to contribute to the long-term psychological rehabilitation of ex-combatants and to address women\u2019s and girls\u2019 specific suffering or trauma (often a result of sexualized violence), as long as they encourage and support rather than undermine women\u2019s and girls\u2019 human rights and well-being.Female ex-combatants should have equal access to legal aid or support to assist them in combating discrimination (in both the private and public spheres).The establishment of formal\/informal network groups among female ex-combatants and supporters should be encouraged, with support from women\u2019s NGOs. This will give them an opportunity to support each other and foster leadership. Particularly for those who decide to go to a new place rather than home, such support will be essential.Box 6 Example of factors that may contribute to women\u2019s social reintegration \\n\\n The level of women\u2019s participation in decision-making: \\n in the household \\n at the community level \\n at the national and government levels \\n\\n The public image and self-image of women and men \\n\\n The public and private\/domestic roles of women and men* \\n the level of diversity and flexibility in these gender roles \\n inflexible gender roles \\n\\n The public perception of gender-based violence, including rape \\n\\n Organizational and other capacity of women\u2019s NGOs and women\u2019s ministries \\n\\n Social networks of local women\u2019s groups, female community leaders and church leaders \\n\\n Media coverage of women and gender issues \\n * Note: An assessment of gender roles could help women and men to think about: \\n\\n what women and men can and cannot do in their society \\n\\n what kinds of expectations the community has of women and men \\n\\n what barriers women and men face if they want to perform non-traditional roles \\n\\n in what area(s) women and men could transform their gender roles \\n\\n how women\u2019s and men\u2019s roles have changed during conflict", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1196, "Sentence":"Have women in the post-conflict zone already begun the process of reconstruction after war?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman postconflict zone already begun process reconstruction war" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.9. Social reintegration", "Heading3":"6.9.2. Social reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"As part of the broad consultation carried out with a wide variety of social actors, community awareness-raising meetings should be held to prepare the community to receive ex-combat- ants. Inclusion of women and women\u2019s organizations in these processes shall be essential, as women often play a central role in post-conflict reconstruction and the provision of care. Receiving communities should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration programmes and their potential impact on community development and sustainable peace- building. WED projects should recognize the important role of women in development activities, and should organize information campaigns specifically for female community members.Resources should be allocated to train female community members, ex-combatants and supporters to understand and cope with traumatized children, including how to help ab- ducted girls gain demobilization and reintegration support. It is unfair to burden women with the challenges of reintegrating and rehabilitating child soldiers simply because they are usually the primary caregivers of children.Women\u2019s organizations should be supported; and should be trained to participate in healing and reconciliation work in general, and, in particular, to assist in the reconciliation and reintegration of ex-combatants from different factions. Have women in the post-conflict zone already begun the process of reconstruction after war? Is this work recognized and supported?The expertise of female ex-combatants and supporters \u2014 which may be non-traditional expertise \u2014 should be recognized, respected and utilized by other women. Female ex- combatants\u2019 reintegration should be connected to broader strategies aimed at women\u2019s post-conflict development in order to prevent resentment against fighters as a \u2018privileged\u2019 group.Radio networks should include women\u2019s voices and experiences when educating local people about those who are being reintegrated, to prevent potential tensions from developing.Community mental health practices (such as cleansing ceremonies) should be encour- aged to contribute to the long-term psychological rehabilitation of ex-combatants and to address women\u2019s and girls\u2019 specific suffering or trauma (often a result of sexualized violence), as long as they encourage and support rather than undermine women\u2019s and girls\u2019 human rights and well-being.Female ex-combatants should have equal access to legal aid or support to assist them in combating discrimination (in both the private and public spheres).The establishment of formal\/informal network groups among female ex-combatants and supporters should be encouraged, with support from women\u2019s NGOs. This will give them an opportunity to support each other and foster leadership. Particularly for those who decide to go to a new place rather than home, such support will be essential.Box 6 Example of factors that may contribute to women\u2019s social reintegration \\n\\n The level of women\u2019s participation in decision-making: \\n in the household \\n at the community level \\n at the national and government levels \\n\\n The public image and self-image of women and men \\n\\n The public and private\/domestic roles of women and men* \\n the level of diversity and flexibility in these gender roles \\n inflexible gender roles \\n\\n The public perception of gender-based violence, including rape \\n\\n Organizational and other capacity of women\u2019s NGOs and women\u2019s ministries \\n\\n Social networks of local women\u2019s groups, female community leaders and church leaders \\n\\n Media coverage of women and gender issues \\n * Note: An assessment of gender roles could help women and men to think about: \\n\\n what women and men can and cannot do in their society \\n\\n what kinds of expectations the community has of women and men \\n\\n what barriers women and men face if they want to perform non-traditional roles \\n\\n in what area(s) women and men could transform their gender roles \\n\\n how women\u2019s and men\u2019s roles have changed during conflict", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1196, "Sentence":"Is this work recognized and supported?The expertise of female ex-combatants and supporters \u2014 which may be non-traditional expertise \u2014 should be recognized, respected and utilized by other women.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR work recognized supportedthe expertise female excombatants supporter \u2014 may nontraditional expertise \u2014 recognized respected utilized woman ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.9. Social reintegration", "Heading3":"6.9.2. Social reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"As part of the broad consultation carried out with a wide variety of social actors, community awareness-raising meetings should be held to prepare the community to receive ex-combat- ants. Inclusion of women and women\u2019s organizations in these processes shall be essential, as women often play a central role in post-conflict reconstruction and the provision of care. Receiving communities should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration programmes and their potential impact on community development and sustainable peace- building. WED projects should recognize the important role of women in development activities, and should organize information campaigns specifically for female community members.Resources should be allocated to train female community members, ex-combatants and supporters to understand and cope with traumatized children, including how to help ab- ducted girls gain demobilization and reintegration support. It is unfair to burden women with the challenges of reintegrating and rehabilitating child soldiers simply because they are usually the primary caregivers of children.Women\u2019s organizations should be supported; and should be trained to participate in healing and reconciliation work in general, and, in particular, to assist in the reconciliation and reintegration of ex-combatants from different factions. Have women in the post-conflict zone already begun the process of reconstruction after war? Is this work recognized and supported?The expertise of female ex-combatants and supporters \u2014 which may be non-traditional expertise \u2014 should be recognized, respected and utilized by other women. Female ex- combatants\u2019 reintegration should be connected to broader strategies aimed at women\u2019s post-conflict development in order to prevent resentment against fighters as a \u2018privileged\u2019 group.Radio networks should include women\u2019s voices and experiences when educating local people about those who are being reintegrated, to prevent potential tensions from developing.Community mental health practices (such as cleansing ceremonies) should be encour- aged to contribute to the long-term psychological rehabilitation of ex-combatants and to address women\u2019s and girls\u2019 specific suffering or trauma (often a result of sexualized violence), as long as they encourage and support rather than undermine women\u2019s and girls\u2019 human rights and well-being.Female ex-combatants should have equal access to legal aid or support to assist them in combating discrimination (in both the private and public spheres).The establishment of formal\/informal network groups among female ex-combatants and supporters should be encouraged, with support from women\u2019s NGOs. This will give them an opportunity to support each other and foster leadership. Particularly for those who decide to go to a new place rather than home, such support will be essential.Box 6 Example of factors that may contribute to women\u2019s social reintegration \\n\\n The level of women\u2019s participation in decision-making: \\n in the household \\n at the community level \\n at the national and government levels \\n\\n The public image and self-image of women and men \\n\\n The public and private\/domestic roles of women and men* \\n the level of diversity and flexibility in these gender roles \\n inflexible gender roles \\n\\n The public perception of gender-based violence, including rape \\n\\n Organizational and other capacity of women\u2019s NGOs and women\u2019s ministries \\n\\n Social networks of local women\u2019s groups, female community leaders and church leaders \\n\\n Media coverage of women and gender issues \\n * Note: An assessment of gender roles could help women and men to think about: \\n\\n what women and men can and cannot do in their society \\n\\n what kinds of expectations the community has of women and men \\n\\n what barriers women and men face if they want to perform non-traditional roles \\n\\n in what area(s) women and men could transform their gender roles \\n\\n how women\u2019s and men\u2019s roles have changed during conflict", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1196, "Sentence":"Female ex- combatants\u2019 reintegration should be connected to broader strategies aimed at women\u2019s post-conflict development in order to prevent resentment against fighters as a \u2018privileged\u2019 group.Radio networks should include women\u2019s voices and experiences when educating local people about those who are being reintegrated, to prevent potential tensions from developing.Community mental health practices (such as cleansing ceremonies) should be encour- aged to contribute to the long-term psychological rehabilitation of ex-combatants and to address women\u2019s and girls\u2019 specific suffering or trauma (often a result of sexualized violence), as long as they encourage and support rather than undermine women\u2019s and girls\u2019 human rights and well-being.Female ex-combatants should have equal access to legal aid or support to assist them in combating discrimination (in both the private and public spheres).The establishment of formal\/informal network groups among female ex-combatants and supporters should be encouraged, with support from women\u2019s NGOs.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR female ex combatant \u2019 reintegration connected broader strategy aimed woman \u2019 postconflict development order prevent resentment fighter \u2018 privileged \u2019 group.radio network include woman \u2019 voice experience educating local people reintegrated prevent potential tension developing.community mental health practice cleansing ceremony encour aged contribute longterm psychological rehabilitation excombatants address woman \u2019 girl \u2019 specific suffering trauma often result sexualized violence long encourage support rather undermine woman \u2019 girl \u2019 human right wellbeing.female excombatants equal access legal aid support assist combating discrimination private public spheres.the establishment formal\/informal network group among female excombatants supporter encouraged support woman \u2019 ngo ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.9. Social reintegration", "Heading3":"6.9.2. Social reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"As part of the broad consultation carried out with a wide variety of social actors, community awareness-raising meetings should be held to prepare the community to receive ex-combat- ants. Inclusion of women and women\u2019s organizations in these processes shall be essential, as women often play a central role in post-conflict reconstruction and the provision of care. Receiving communities should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration programmes and their potential impact on community development and sustainable peace- building. WED projects should recognize the important role of women in development activities, and should organize information campaigns specifically for female community members.Resources should be allocated to train female community members, ex-combatants and supporters to understand and cope with traumatized children, including how to help ab- ducted girls gain demobilization and reintegration support. It is unfair to burden women with the challenges of reintegrating and rehabilitating child soldiers simply because they are usually the primary caregivers of children.Women\u2019s organizations should be supported; and should be trained to participate in healing and reconciliation work in general, and, in particular, to assist in the reconciliation and reintegration of ex-combatants from different factions. Have women in the post-conflict zone already begun the process of reconstruction after war? Is this work recognized and supported?The expertise of female ex-combatants and supporters \u2014 which may be non-traditional expertise \u2014 should be recognized, respected and utilized by other women. Female ex- combatants\u2019 reintegration should be connected to broader strategies aimed at women\u2019s post-conflict development in order to prevent resentment against fighters as a \u2018privileged\u2019 group.Radio networks should include women\u2019s voices and experiences when educating local people about those who are being reintegrated, to prevent potential tensions from developing.Community mental health practices (such as cleansing ceremonies) should be encour- aged to contribute to the long-term psychological rehabilitation of ex-combatants and to address women\u2019s and girls\u2019 specific suffering or trauma (often a result of sexualized violence), as long as they encourage and support rather than undermine women\u2019s and girls\u2019 human rights and well-being.Female ex-combatants should have equal access to legal aid or support to assist them in combating discrimination (in both the private and public spheres).The establishment of formal\/informal network groups among female ex-combatants and supporters should be encouraged, with support from women\u2019s NGOs. This will give them an opportunity to support each other and foster leadership. Particularly for those who decide to go to a new place rather than home, such support will be essential.Box 6 Example of factors that may contribute to women\u2019s social reintegration \\n\\n The level of women\u2019s participation in decision-making: \\n in the household \\n at the community level \\n at the national and government levels \\n\\n The public image and self-image of women and men \\n\\n The public and private\/domestic roles of women and men* \\n the level of diversity and flexibility in these gender roles \\n inflexible gender roles \\n\\n The public perception of gender-based violence, including rape \\n\\n Organizational and other capacity of women\u2019s NGOs and women\u2019s ministries \\n\\n Social networks of local women\u2019s groups, female community leaders and church leaders \\n\\n Media coverage of women and gender issues \\n * Note: An assessment of gender roles could help women and men to think about: \\n\\n what women and men can and cannot do in their society \\n\\n what kinds of expectations the community has of women and men \\n\\n what barriers women and men face if they want to perform non-traditional roles \\n\\n in what area(s) women and men could transform their gender roles \\n\\n how women\u2019s and men\u2019s roles have changed during conflict", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1196, "Sentence":"This will give them an opportunity to support each other and foster leadership.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR give opportunity support foster leadership ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.9. Social reintegration", "Heading3":"6.9.2. Social reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"As part of the broad consultation carried out with a wide variety of social actors, community awareness-raising meetings should be held to prepare the community to receive ex-combat- ants. Inclusion of women and women\u2019s organizations in these processes shall be essential, as women often play a central role in post-conflict reconstruction and the provision of care. Receiving communities should be informed about the intention and use of reintegration programmes and their potential impact on community development and sustainable peace- building. WED projects should recognize the important role of women in development activities, and should organize information campaigns specifically for female community members.Resources should be allocated to train female community members, ex-combatants and supporters to understand and cope with traumatized children, including how to help ab- ducted girls gain demobilization and reintegration support. It is unfair to burden women with the challenges of reintegrating and rehabilitating child soldiers simply because they are usually the primary caregivers of children.Women\u2019s organizations should be supported; and should be trained to participate in healing and reconciliation work in general, and, in particular, to assist in the reconciliation and reintegration of ex-combatants from different factions. Have women in the post-conflict zone already begun the process of reconstruction after war? Is this work recognized and supported?The expertise of female ex-combatants and supporters \u2014 which may be non-traditional expertise \u2014 should be recognized, respected and utilized by other women. Female ex- combatants\u2019 reintegration should be connected to broader strategies aimed at women\u2019s post-conflict development in order to prevent resentment against fighters as a \u2018privileged\u2019 group.Radio networks should include women\u2019s voices and experiences when educating local people about those who are being reintegrated, to prevent potential tensions from developing.Community mental health practices (such as cleansing ceremonies) should be encour- aged to contribute to the long-term psychological rehabilitation of ex-combatants and to address women\u2019s and girls\u2019 specific suffering or trauma (often a result of sexualized violence), as long as they encourage and support rather than undermine women\u2019s and girls\u2019 human rights and well-being.Female ex-combatants should have equal access to legal aid or support to assist them in combating discrimination (in both the private and public spheres).The establishment of formal\/informal network groups among female ex-combatants and supporters should be encouraged, with support from women\u2019s NGOs. This will give them an opportunity to support each other and foster leadership. Particularly for those who decide to go to a new place rather than home, such support will be essential.Box 6 Example of factors that may contribute to women\u2019s social reintegration \\n\\n The level of women\u2019s participation in decision-making: \\n in the household \\n at the community level \\n at the national and government levels \\n\\n The public image and self-image of women and men \\n\\n The public and private\/domestic roles of women and men* \\n the level of diversity and flexibility in these gender roles \\n inflexible gender roles \\n\\n The public perception of gender-based violence, including rape \\n\\n Organizational and other capacity of women\u2019s NGOs and women\u2019s ministries \\n\\n Social networks of local women\u2019s groups, female community leaders and church leaders \\n\\n Media coverage of women and gender issues \\n * Note: An assessment of gender roles could help women and men to think about: \\n\\n what women and men can and cannot do in their society \\n\\n what kinds of expectations the community has of women and men \\n\\n what barriers women and men face if they want to perform non-traditional roles \\n\\n in what area(s) women and men could transform their gender roles \\n\\n how women\u2019s and men\u2019s roles have changed during conflict", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1196, "Sentence":"Particularly for those who decide to go to a new place rather than home, such support will be essential.Box 6 Example of factors that may contribute to women\u2019s social reintegration \\n\\n The level of women\u2019s participation in decision-making: \\n in the household \\n at the community level \\n at the national and government levels \\n\\n The public image and self-image of women and men \\n\\n The public and private\/domestic roles of women and men* \\n the level of diversity and flexibility in these gender roles \\n inflexible gender roles \\n\\n The public perception of gender-based violence, including rape \\n\\n Organizational and other capacity of women\u2019s NGOs and women\u2019s ministries \\n\\n Social networks of local women\u2019s groups, female community leaders and church leaders \\n\\n Media coverage of women and gender issues \\n * Note: An assessment of gender roles could help women and men to think about: \\n\\n what women and men can and cannot do in their society \\n\\n what kinds of expectations the community has of women and men \\n\\n what barriers women and men face if they want to perform non-traditional roles \\n\\n in what area(s) women and men could transform their gender roles \\n\\n how women\u2019s and men\u2019s roles have changed during conflict", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR particularly decide go new place rather home support essential.box 6 example factor may contribute woman \u2019 social reintegration nn level woman \u2019 participation decisionmaking n household n community level n national government level nn public image selfimage woman men nn public private\/domestic role woman men n level diversity flexibility gender role n inflexible gender role nn public perception genderbased violence including rape nn organizational capacity woman \u2019 ngo woman \u2019 ministry nn social network local woman \u2019 group female community leader church leader nn medium coverage woman gender issue n note assessment gender role could help woman men think nn woman men society nn kind expectation community woman men nn barrier woman men face want perform nontraditional role nn area woman men could transform gender role nn woman \u2019 men \u2019 role changed conflict" }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.10. Economic reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Women and girls may have acquired skills during the conflict that do not fit in with tradi- tional ideas of appropriate work for women and girls, so female ex-combatants often find it more difficult than male ex-combatants to achieve economic success in the reintegration period, especially if they have not received their full entitlements under the DDR programme. Women often find it more difficult to get access to credit, especially the bigger amounts needed in order to enter the formal sectors of the economy. With few job opportunities, particularly within the formal sector, women and girls have limited options for economic success, which has serious implications if they are the main providers for their dependants. The burden of care that many women and girls shoulder means they are less able to take advantage of training and capacity-building opportunities that could offer them better opportunities for economic self-sufficiency.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1197, "Sentence":"Women and girls may have acquired skills during the conflict that do not fit in with tradi- tional ideas of appropriate work for women and girls, so female ex-combatants often find it more difficult than male ex-combatants to achieve economic success in the reintegration period, especially if they have not received their full entitlements under the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman girl may acquired skill conflict fit tradi tional idea appropriate work woman girl female excombatants often find difficult male excombatants achieve economic success reintegration period especially received full entitlement ddr programme ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.10. Economic reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Women and girls may have acquired skills during the conflict that do not fit in with tradi- tional ideas of appropriate work for women and girls, so female ex-combatants often find it more difficult than male ex-combatants to achieve economic success in the reintegration period, especially if they have not received their full entitlements under the DDR programme. Women often find it more difficult to get access to credit, especially the bigger amounts needed in order to enter the formal sectors of the economy. With few job opportunities, particularly within the formal sector, women and girls have limited options for economic success, which has serious implications if they are the main providers for their dependants. The burden of care that many women and girls shoulder means they are less able to take advantage of training and capacity-building opportunities that could offer them better opportunities for economic self-sufficiency.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1197, "Sentence":"Women often find it more difficult to get access to credit, especially the bigger amounts needed in order to enter the formal sectors of the economy.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman often find difficult get access credit especially bigger amount needed order enter formal sector economy ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.10. Economic reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Women and girls may have acquired skills during the conflict that do not fit in with tradi- tional ideas of appropriate work for women and girls, so female ex-combatants often find it more difficult than male ex-combatants to achieve economic success in the reintegration period, especially if they have not received their full entitlements under the DDR programme. Women often find it more difficult to get access to credit, especially the bigger amounts needed in order to enter the formal sectors of the economy. With few job opportunities, particularly within the formal sector, women and girls have limited options for economic success, which has serious implications if they are the main providers for their dependants. The burden of care that many women and girls shoulder means they are less able to take advantage of training and capacity-building opportunities that could offer them better opportunities for economic self-sufficiency.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1197, "Sentence":"With few job opportunities, particularly within the formal sector, women and girls have limited options for economic success, which has serious implications if they are the main providers for their dependants.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR job opportunity particularly within formal sector woman girl limited option economic success serious implication main provider dependant ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.10. Economic reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Women and girls may have acquired skills during the conflict that do not fit in with tradi- tional ideas of appropriate work for women and girls, so female ex-combatants often find it more difficult than male ex-combatants to achieve economic success in the reintegration period, especially if they have not received their full entitlements under the DDR programme. Women often find it more difficult to get access to credit, especially the bigger amounts needed in order to enter the formal sectors of the economy. With few job opportunities, particularly within the formal sector, women and girls have limited options for economic success, which has serious implications if they are the main providers for their dependants. The burden of care that many women and girls shoulder means they are less able to take advantage of training and capacity-building opportunities that could offer them better opportunities for economic self-sufficiency.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1197, "Sentence":"The burden of care that many women and girls shoulder means they are less able to take advantage of training and capacity-building opportunities that could offer them better opportunities for economic self-sufficiency.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR burden care many woman girl shoulder mean le able take advantage training capacitybuilding opportunity could offer better opportunity economic selfsufficiency ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.10. Economic reintegration", "Heading3":"6.10.1. Economic reintegration: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Measures should be put in place to prevent women ex-combatants, supporters, dependants and war widows from being forced to live on the fringes of the economy. Even excessive reliance on women\u2019s unpaid or low-paid NGO activity might become a substitute for their meaningful participation in the labour market.One of the greatest needs of ex-combatants and their families is access to land and housing. In securing these, specific gender dynamics should be taken into account, particu- larly when traditional practices do not allow female-headed households or women\u2019s land ownership. Legal reform should aim to get rid of this exclusion.In many societies, the production of crops and animal husbandry is divided among household members according to gender and age. This division of labour should be assessed and should be taken into account when providing reintegration assistance that is aimed at reviving the agricultural sector, improving food security and securing livelihoods for ex- combatants.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1198, "Sentence":"Measures should be put in place to prevent women ex-combatants, supporters, dependants and war widows from being forced to live on the fringes of the economy.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR measure put place prevent woman excombatants supporter dependant war widow forced live fringe economy ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.10. Economic reintegration", "Heading3":"6.10.1. Economic reintegration: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Measures should be put in place to prevent women ex-combatants, supporters, dependants and war widows from being forced to live on the fringes of the economy. Even excessive reliance on women\u2019s unpaid or low-paid NGO activity might become a substitute for their meaningful participation in the labour market.One of the greatest needs of ex-combatants and their families is access to land and housing. In securing these, specific gender dynamics should be taken into account, particu- larly when traditional practices do not allow female-headed households or women\u2019s land ownership. Legal reform should aim to get rid of this exclusion.In many societies, the production of crops and animal husbandry is divided among household members according to gender and age. This division of labour should be assessed and should be taken into account when providing reintegration assistance that is aimed at reviving the agricultural sector, improving food security and securing livelihoods for ex- combatants.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1198, "Sentence":"Even excessive reliance on women\u2019s unpaid or low-paid NGO activity might become a substitute for their meaningful participation in the labour market.One of the greatest needs of ex-combatants and their families is access to land and housing.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR even excessive reliance woman \u2019 unpaid lowpaid ngo activity might become substitute meaningful participation labour market.one greatest need excombatants family access land housing ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.10. Economic reintegration", "Heading3":"6.10.1. Economic reintegration: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Measures should be put in place to prevent women ex-combatants, supporters, dependants and war widows from being forced to live on the fringes of the economy. Even excessive reliance on women\u2019s unpaid or low-paid NGO activity might become a substitute for their meaningful participation in the labour market.One of the greatest needs of ex-combatants and their families is access to land and housing. In securing these, specific gender dynamics should be taken into account, particu- larly when traditional practices do not allow female-headed households or women\u2019s land ownership. Legal reform should aim to get rid of this exclusion.In many societies, the production of crops and animal husbandry is divided among household members according to gender and age. This division of labour should be assessed and should be taken into account when providing reintegration assistance that is aimed at reviving the agricultural sector, improving food security and securing livelihoods for ex- combatants.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1198, "Sentence":"In securing these, specific gender dynamics should be taken into account, particu- larly when traditional practices do not allow female-headed households or women\u2019s land ownership.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR securing specific gender dynamic taken account particu larly traditional practice allow femaleheaded household woman \u2019 land ownership ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.10. Economic reintegration", "Heading3":"6.10.1. Economic reintegration: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Measures should be put in place to prevent women ex-combatants, supporters, dependants and war widows from being forced to live on the fringes of the economy. Even excessive reliance on women\u2019s unpaid or low-paid NGO activity might become a substitute for their meaningful participation in the labour market.One of the greatest needs of ex-combatants and their families is access to land and housing. In securing these, specific gender dynamics should be taken into account, particu- larly when traditional practices do not allow female-headed households or women\u2019s land ownership. Legal reform should aim to get rid of this exclusion.In many societies, the production of crops and animal husbandry is divided among household members according to gender and age. This division of labour should be assessed and should be taken into account when providing reintegration assistance that is aimed at reviving the agricultural sector, improving food security and securing livelihoods for ex- combatants.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1198, "Sentence":"Legal reform should aim to get rid of this exclusion.In many societies, the production of crops and animal husbandry is divided among household members according to gender and age.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR legal reform aim get rid exclusion.in many society production crop animal husbandry divided among household member according gender age ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.10. Economic reintegration", "Heading3":"6.10.1. Economic reintegration: Gender-aware interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Measures should be put in place to prevent women ex-combatants, supporters, dependants and war widows from being forced to live on the fringes of the economy. Even excessive reliance on women\u2019s unpaid or low-paid NGO activity might become a substitute for their meaningful participation in the labour market.One of the greatest needs of ex-combatants and their families is access to land and housing. In securing these, specific gender dynamics should be taken into account, particu- larly when traditional practices do not allow female-headed households or women\u2019s land ownership. Legal reform should aim to get rid of this exclusion.In many societies, the production of crops and animal husbandry is divided among household members according to gender and age. This division of labour should be assessed and should be taken into account when providing reintegration assistance that is aimed at reviving the agricultural sector, improving food security and securing livelihoods for ex- combatants.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1198, "Sentence":"This division of labour should be assessed and should be taken into account when providing reintegration assistance that is aimed at reviving the agricultural sector, improving food security and securing livelihoods for ex- combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR division labour assessed taken account providing reintegration assistance aimed reviving agricultural sector improving food security securing livelihood ex combatant ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.10. Economic reintegration", "Heading3":"6.10.2. Economic reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Special measures have to be put in place to ensure that female participants have equal training and employment opportunities after leaving the cantonment site. Funding should be allocated for childcare to be provided, and for training to be conducted as close as possible to where the women and girls live. This will also reduce the chances of irregular attendance as a result of problems with transport (e.g., infrequent buses) or mobility (e.g., cultural restric- tions on women\u2019s travel). Barriers such as employers refusing to hire women ex-combatants or narrow expectations of the work women are permitted to do should be taken into account before retraining is offered. Potential employees should be identified for sensitization train- ing to encourage them to employ female ex-combatants.Women and girls should be given a say in determining the types of skills they learn. They should be provided with options that will allow them to build on useful skills acquired during their time with armed groups and forces, including skills that may not usually be considered \u2018women\u2019s work\u2019, such as driving or construction jobs. They should be taught vocational skills in fields for which there is likely to be a long-term demand. Those success- fully completing vocational training should be issued with certificates confirming this.Widows, widowers and dependants of ex-combatants killed in action may need financial and material assistance. They should be assisted in setting up income-generating initiatives. Widows and widowers should be made active participants in reintegration training pro- grammes and should also be able to benefit from credit schemes.Because women\u2019s homes are often the main geographical base for their work, technical and labour support systems should be in place to assist demobilized women in building a house and to support self-employment opportunities.Single or widowed women ex-combatants should be recognized as heads of household and permitted to own and rent existing housing and land.Measures should be taken to protect women ex-combatants or war widows from being forced into casual labour on land that is not their own.Where needed, particularly in rural areas, women should be provided with training in agricultural methods and they should have the right to farm cash crops and own and use livestock, as opposed to engaging in subsistence agriculture.Security should be provided for women on their way to work, or to the marketplace, particularly to protect them from banditry, especially in places with large numbers of small arms.Women should have equal access to communally owned farming tools and water- pumping equipment, and have the right to own such equipment.Greater coordination with development agencies and women\u2019s NGOs that carry out projects to assist women, such as adult literacy courses, microcredit facilities and family planning advice, is essential to make this reintegration programme sustainable and to reach all beneficiaries.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1199, "Sentence":"Special measures have to be put in place to ensure that female participants have equal training and employment opportunities after leaving the cantonment site.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR special measure put place ensure female participant equal training employment opportunity leaving cantonment site ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.10. Economic reintegration", "Heading3":"6.10.2. Economic reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Special measures have to be put in place to ensure that female participants have equal training and employment opportunities after leaving the cantonment site. Funding should be allocated for childcare to be provided, and for training to be conducted as close as possible to where the women and girls live. This will also reduce the chances of irregular attendance as a result of problems with transport (e.g., infrequent buses) or mobility (e.g., cultural restric- tions on women\u2019s travel). Barriers such as employers refusing to hire women ex-combatants or narrow expectations of the work women are permitted to do should be taken into account before retraining is offered. Potential employees should be identified for sensitization train- ing to encourage them to employ female ex-combatants.Women and girls should be given a say in determining the types of skills they learn. They should be provided with options that will allow them to build on useful skills acquired during their time with armed groups and forces, including skills that may not usually be considered \u2018women\u2019s work\u2019, such as driving or construction jobs. They should be taught vocational skills in fields for which there is likely to be a long-term demand. Those success- fully completing vocational training should be issued with certificates confirming this.Widows, widowers and dependants of ex-combatants killed in action may need financial and material assistance. They should be assisted in setting up income-generating initiatives. Widows and widowers should be made active participants in reintegration training pro- grammes and should also be able to benefit from credit schemes.Because women\u2019s homes are often the main geographical base for their work, technical and labour support systems should be in place to assist demobilized women in building a house and to support self-employment opportunities.Single or widowed women ex-combatants should be recognized as heads of household and permitted to own and rent existing housing and land.Measures should be taken to protect women ex-combatants or war widows from being forced into casual labour on land that is not their own.Where needed, particularly in rural areas, women should be provided with training in agricultural methods and they should have the right to farm cash crops and own and use livestock, as opposed to engaging in subsistence agriculture.Security should be provided for women on their way to work, or to the marketplace, particularly to protect them from banditry, especially in places with large numbers of small arms.Women should have equal access to communally owned farming tools and water- pumping equipment, and have the right to own such equipment.Greater coordination with development agencies and women\u2019s NGOs that carry out projects to assist women, such as adult literacy courses, microcredit facilities and family planning advice, is essential to make this reintegration programme sustainable and to reach all beneficiaries.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1199, "Sentence":"Funding should be allocated for childcare to be provided, and for training to be conducted as close as possible to where the women and girls live.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR funding allocated childcare provided training conducted close possible woman girl live ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.10. Economic reintegration", "Heading3":"6.10.2. Economic reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Special measures have to be put in place to ensure that female participants have equal training and employment opportunities after leaving the cantonment site. Funding should be allocated for childcare to be provided, and for training to be conducted as close as possible to where the women and girls live. This will also reduce the chances of irregular attendance as a result of problems with transport (e.g., infrequent buses) or mobility (e.g., cultural restric- tions on women\u2019s travel). Barriers such as employers refusing to hire women ex-combatants or narrow expectations of the work women are permitted to do should be taken into account before retraining is offered. Potential employees should be identified for sensitization train- ing to encourage them to employ female ex-combatants.Women and girls should be given a say in determining the types of skills they learn. They should be provided with options that will allow them to build on useful skills acquired during their time with armed groups and forces, including skills that may not usually be considered \u2018women\u2019s work\u2019, such as driving or construction jobs. They should be taught vocational skills in fields for which there is likely to be a long-term demand. Those success- fully completing vocational training should be issued with certificates confirming this.Widows, widowers and dependants of ex-combatants killed in action may need financial and material assistance. They should be assisted in setting up income-generating initiatives. Widows and widowers should be made active participants in reintegration training pro- grammes and should also be able to benefit from credit schemes.Because women\u2019s homes are often the main geographical base for their work, technical and labour support systems should be in place to assist demobilized women in building a house and to support self-employment opportunities.Single or widowed women ex-combatants should be recognized as heads of household and permitted to own and rent existing housing and land.Measures should be taken to protect women ex-combatants or war widows from being forced into casual labour on land that is not their own.Where needed, particularly in rural areas, women should be provided with training in agricultural methods and they should have the right to farm cash crops and own and use livestock, as opposed to engaging in subsistence agriculture.Security should be provided for women on their way to work, or to the marketplace, particularly to protect them from banditry, especially in places with large numbers of small arms.Women should have equal access to communally owned farming tools and water- pumping equipment, and have the right to own such equipment.Greater coordination with development agencies and women\u2019s NGOs that carry out projects to assist women, such as adult literacy courses, microcredit facilities and family planning advice, is essential to make this reintegration programme sustainable and to reach all beneficiaries.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1199, "Sentence":"This will also reduce the chances of irregular attendance as a result of problems with transport (e.g., infrequent buses) or mobility (e.g., cultural restric- tions on women\u2019s travel).", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR also reduce chance irregular attendance result problem transport e.g . infrequent bus mobility e.g . cultural restric tions woman \u2019 travel ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.10. Economic reintegration", "Heading3":"6.10.2. Economic reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Special measures have to be put in place to ensure that female participants have equal training and employment opportunities after leaving the cantonment site. Funding should be allocated for childcare to be provided, and for training to be conducted as close as possible to where the women and girls live. This will also reduce the chances of irregular attendance as a result of problems with transport (e.g., infrequent buses) or mobility (e.g., cultural restric- tions on women\u2019s travel). Barriers such as employers refusing to hire women ex-combatants or narrow expectations of the work women are permitted to do should be taken into account before retraining is offered. Potential employees should be identified for sensitization train- ing to encourage them to employ female ex-combatants.Women and girls should be given a say in determining the types of skills they learn. They should be provided with options that will allow them to build on useful skills acquired during their time with armed groups and forces, including skills that may not usually be considered \u2018women\u2019s work\u2019, such as driving or construction jobs. They should be taught vocational skills in fields for which there is likely to be a long-term demand. Those success- fully completing vocational training should be issued with certificates confirming this.Widows, widowers and dependants of ex-combatants killed in action may need financial and material assistance. They should be assisted in setting up income-generating initiatives. Widows and widowers should be made active participants in reintegration training pro- grammes and should also be able to benefit from credit schemes.Because women\u2019s homes are often the main geographical base for their work, technical and labour support systems should be in place to assist demobilized women in building a house and to support self-employment opportunities.Single or widowed women ex-combatants should be recognized as heads of household and permitted to own and rent existing housing and land.Measures should be taken to protect women ex-combatants or war widows from being forced into casual labour on land that is not their own.Where needed, particularly in rural areas, women should be provided with training in agricultural methods and they should have the right to farm cash crops and own and use livestock, as opposed to engaging in subsistence agriculture.Security should be provided for women on their way to work, or to the marketplace, particularly to protect them from banditry, especially in places with large numbers of small arms.Women should have equal access to communally owned farming tools and water- pumping equipment, and have the right to own such equipment.Greater coordination with development agencies and women\u2019s NGOs that carry out projects to assist women, such as adult literacy courses, microcredit facilities and family planning advice, is essential to make this reintegration programme sustainable and to reach all beneficiaries.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1199, "Sentence":"Barriers such as employers refusing to hire women ex-combatants or narrow expectations of the work women are permitted to do should be taken into account before retraining is offered.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR barrier employer refusing hire woman excombatants narrow expectation work woman permitted taken account retraining offered ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.10. Economic reintegration", "Heading3":"6.10.2. Economic reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Special measures have to be put in place to ensure that female participants have equal training and employment opportunities after leaving the cantonment site. Funding should be allocated for childcare to be provided, and for training to be conducted as close as possible to where the women and girls live. This will also reduce the chances of irregular attendance as a result of problems with transport (e.g., infrequent buses) or mobility (e.g., cultural restric- tions on women\u2019s travel). Barriers such as employers refusing to hire women ex-combatants or narrow expectations of the work women are permitted to do should be taken into account before retraining is offered. Potential employees should be identified for sensitization train- ing to encourage them to employ female ex-combatants.Women and girls should be given a say in determining the types of skills they learn. They should be provided with options that will allow them to build on useful skills acquired during their time with armed groups and forces, including skills that may not usually be considered \u2018women\u2019s work\u2019, such as driving or construction jobs. They should be taught vocational skills in fields for which there is likely to be a long-term demand. Those success- fully completing vocational training should be issued with certificates confirming this.Widows, widowers and dependants of ex-combatants killed in action may need financial and material assistance. They should be assisted in setting up income-generating initiatives. Widows and widowers should be made active participants in reintegration training pro- grammes and should also be able to benefit from credit schemes.Because women\u2019s homes are often the main geographical base for their work, technical and labour support systems should be in place to assist demobilized women in building a house and to support self-employment opportunities.Single or widowed women ex-combatants should be recognized as heads of household and permitted to own and rent existing housing and land.Measures should be taken to protect women ex-combatants or war widows from being forced into casual labour on land that is not their own.Where needed, particularly in rural areas, women should be provided with training in agricultural methods and they should have the right to farm cash crops and own and use livestock, as opposed to engaging in subsistence agriculture.Security should be provided for women on their way to work, or to the marketplace, particularly to protect them from banditry, especially in places with large numbers of small arms.Women should have equal access to communally owned farming tools and water- pumping equipment, and have the right to own such equipment.Greater coordination with development agencies and women\u2019s NGOs that carry out projects to assist women, such as adult literacy courses, microcredit facilities and family planning advice, is essential to make this reintegration programme sustainable and to reach all beneficiaries.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1199, "Sentence":"Potential employees should be identified for sensitization train- ing to encourage them to employ female ex-combatants.Women and girls should be given a say in determining the types of skills they learn.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR potential employee identified sensitization train ing encourage employ female excombatants.women girl given say determining type skill learn ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.10. Economic reintegration", "Heading3":"6.10.2. Economic reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Special measures have to be put in place to ensure that female participants have equal training and employment opportunities after leaving the cantonment site. Funding should be allocated for childcare to be provided, and for training to be conducted as close as possible to where the women and girls live. This will also reduce the chances of irregular attendance as a result of problems with transport (e.g., infrequent buses) or mobility (e.g., cultural restric- tions on women\u2019s travel). Barriers such as employers refusing to hire women ex-combatants or narrow expectations of the work women are permitted to do should be taken into account before retraining is offered. Potential employees should be identified for sensitization train- ing to encourage them to employ female ex-combatants.Women and girls should be given a say in determining the types of skills they learn. They should be provided with options that will allow them to build on useful skills acquired during their time with armed groups and forces, including skills that may not usually be considered \u2018women\u2019s work\u2019, such as driving or construction jobs. They should be taught vocational skills in fields for which there is likely to be a long-term demand. Those success- fully completing vocational training should be issued with certificates confirming this.Widows, widowers and dependants of ex-combatants killed in action may need financial and material assistance. They should be assisted in setting up income-generating initiatives. Widows and widowers should be made active participants in reintegration training pro- grammes and should also be able to benefit from credit schemes.Because women\u2019s homes are often the main geographical base for their work, technical and labour support systems should be in place to assist demobilized women in building a house and to support self-employment opportunities.Single or widowed women ex-combatants should be recognized as heads of household and permitted to own and rent existing housing and land.Measures should be taken to protect women ex-combatants or war widows from being forced into casual labour on land that is not their own.Where needed, particularly in rural areas, women should be provided with training in agricultural methods and they should have the right to farm cash crops and own and use livestock, as opposed to engaging in subsistence agriculture.Security should be provided for women on their way to work, or to the marketplace, particularly to protect them from banditry, especially in places with large numbers of small arms.Women should have equal access to communally owned farming tools and water- pumping equipment, and have the right to own such equipment.Greater coordination with development agencies and women\u2019s NGOs that carry out projects to assist women, such as adult literacy courses, microcredit facilities and family planning advice, is essential to make this reintegration programme sustainable and to reach all beneficiaries.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1199, "Sentence":"They should be provided with options that will allow them to build on useful skills acquired during their time with armed groups and forces, including skills that may not usually be considered \u2018women\u2019s work\u2019, such as driving or construction jobs.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR provided option allow build useful skill acquired time armed group force including skill may usually considered \u2018 woman \u2019 work \u2019 driving construction job ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.10. Economic reintegration", "Heading3":"6.10.2. Economic reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Special measures have to be put in place to ensure that female participants have equal training and employment opportunities after leaving the cantonment site. Funding should be allocated for childcare to be provided, and for training to be conducted as close as possible to where the women and girls live. This will also reduce the chances of irregular attendance as a result of problems with transport (e.g., infrequent buses) or mobility (e.g., cultural restric- tions on women\u2019s travel). Barriers such as employers refusing to hire women ex-combatants or narrow expectations of the work women are permitted to do should be taken into account before retraining is offered. Potential employees should be identified for sensitization train- ing to encourage them to employ female ex-combatants.Women and girls should be given a say in determining the types of skills they learn. They should be provided with options that will allow them to build on useful skills acquired during their time with armed groups and forces, including skills that may not usually be considered \u2018women\u2019s work\u2019, such as driving or construction jobs. They should be taught vocational skills in fields for which there is likely to be a long-term demand. Those success- fully completing vocational training should be issued with certificates confirming this.Widows, widowers and dependants of ex-combatants killed in action may need financial and material assistance. They should be assisted in setting up income-generating initiatives. Widows and widowers should be made active participants in reintegration training pro- grammes and should also be able to benefit from credit schemes.Because women\u2019s homes are often the main geographical base for their work, technical and labour support systems should be in place to assist demobilized women in building a house and to support self-employment opportunities.Single or widowed women ex-combatants should be recognized as heads of household and permitted to own and rent existing housing and land.Measures should be taken to protect women ex-combatants or war widows from being forced into casual labour on land that is not their own.Where needed, particularly in rural areas, women should be provided with training in agricultural methods and they should have the right to farm cash crops and own and use livestock, as opposed to engaging in subsistence agriculture.Security should be provided for women on their way to work, or to the marketplace, particularly to protect them from banditry, especially in places with large numbers of small arms.Women should have equal access to communally owned farming tools and water- pumping equipment, and have the right to own such equipment.Greater coordination with development agencies and women\u2019s NGOs that carry out projects to assist women, such as adult literacy courses, microcredit facilities and family planning advice, is essential to make this reintegration programme sustainable and to reach all beneficiaries.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1199, "Sentence":"They should be taught vocational skills in fields for which there is likely to be a long-term demand.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR taught vocational skill field likely longterm demand ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.10. Economic reintegration", "Heading3":"6.10.2. Economic reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Special measures have to be put in place to ensure that female participants have equal training and employment opportunities after leaving the cantonment site. Funding should be allocated for childcare to be provided, and for training to be conducted as close as possible to where the women and girls live. This will also reduce the chances of irregular attendance as a result of problems with transport (e.g., infrequent buses) or mobility (e.g., cultural restric- tions on women\u2019s travel). Barriers such as employers refusing to hire women ex-combatants or narrow expectations of the work women are permitted to do should be taken into account before retraining is offered. Potential employees should be identified for sensitization train- ing to encourage them to employ female ex-combatants.Women and girls should be given a say in determining the types of skills they learn. They should be provided with options that will allow them to build on useful skills acquired during their time with armed groups and forces, including skills that may not usually be considered \u2018women\u2019s work\u2019, such as driving or construction jobs. They should be taught vocational skills in fields for which there is likely to be a long-term demand. Those success- fully completing vocational training should be issued with certificates confirming this.Widows, widowers and dependants of ex-combatants killed in action may need financial and material assistance. They should be assisted in setting up income-generating initiatives. Widows and widowers should be made active participants in reintegration training pro- grammes and should also be able to benefit from credit schemes.Because women\u2019s homes are often the main geographical base for their work, technical and labour support systems should be in place to assist demobilized women in building a house and to support self-employment opportunities.Single or widowed women ex-combatants should be recognized as heads of household and permitted to own and rent existing housing and land.Measures should be taken to protect women ex-combatants or war widows from being forced into casual labour on land that is not their own.Where needed, particularly in rural areas, women should be provided with training in agricultural methods and they should have the right to farm cash crops and own and use livestock, as opposed to engaging in subsistence agriculture.Security should be provided for women on their way to work, or to the marketplace, particularly to protect them from banditry, especially in places with large numbers of small arms.Women should have equal access to communally owned farming tools and water- pumping equipment, and have the right to own such equipment.Greater coordination with development agencies and women\u2019s NGOs that carry out projects to assist women, such as adult literacy courses, microcredit facilities and family planning advice, is essential to make this reintegration programme sustainable and to reach all beneficiaries.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1199, "Sentence":"Those success- fully completing vocational training should be issued with certificates confirming this.Widows, widowers and dependants of ex-combatants killed in action may need financial and material assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR success fully completing vocational training issued certificate confirming this.widows widower dependant excombatants killed action may need financial material assistance ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.10. Economic reintegration", "Heading3":"6.10.2. Economic reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Special measures have to be put in place to ensure that female participants have equal training and employment opportunities after leaving the cantonment site. Funding should be allocated for childcare to be provided, and for training to be conducted as close as possible to where the women and girls live. This will also reduce the chances of irregular attendance as a result of problems with transport (e.g., infrequent buses) or mobility (e.g., cultural restric- tions on women\u2019s travel). Barriers such as employers refusing to hire women ex-combatants or narrow expectations of the work women are permitted to do should be taken into account before retraining is offered. Potential employees should be identified for sensitization train- ing to encourage them to employ female ex-combatants.Women and girls should be given a say in determining the types of skills they learn. They should be provided with options that will allow them to build on useful skills acquired during their time with armed groups and forces, including skills that may not usually be considered \u2018women\u2019s work\u2019, such as driving or construction jobs. They should be taught vocational skills in fields for which there is likely to be a long-term demand. Those success- fully completing vocational training should be issued with certificates confirming this.Widows, widowers and dependants of ex-combatants killed in action may need financial and material assistance. They should be assisted in setting up income-generating initiatives. Widows and widowers should be made active participants in reintegration training pro- grammes and should also be able to benefit from credit schemes.Because women\u2019s homes are often the main geographical base for their work, technical and labour support systems should be in place to assist demobilized women in building a house and to support self-employment opportunities.Single or widowed women ex-combatants should be recognized as heads of household and permitted to own and rent existing housing and land.Measures should be taken to protect women ex-combatants or war widows from being forced into casual labour on land that is not their own.Where needed, particularly in rural areas, women should be provided with training in agricultural methods and they should have the right to farm cash crops and own and use livestock, as opposed to engaging in subsistence agriculture.Security should be provided for women on their way to work, or to the marketplace, particularly to protect them from banditry, especially in places with large numbers of small arms.Women should have equal access to communally owned farming tools and water- pumping equipment, and have the right to own such equipment.Greater coordination with development agencies and women\u2019s NGOs that carry out projects to assist women, such as adult literacy courses, microcredit facilities and family planning advice, is essential to make this reintegration programme sustainable and to reach all beneficiaries.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1199, "Sentence":"They should be assisted in setting up income-generating initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR assisted setting incomegenerating initiative ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Gender-responsive DDR", "Heading2":"6.10. Economic reintegration", "Heading3":"6.10.2. Economic reintegration: Female-specific interventions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Special measures have to be put in place to ensure that female participants have equal training and employment opportunities after leaving the cantonment site. Funding should be allocated for childcare to be provided, and for training to be conducted as close as possible to where the women and girls live. This will also reduce the chances of irregular attendance as a result of problems with transport (e.g., infrequent buses) or mobility (e.g., cultural restric- tions on women\u2019s travel). Barriers such as employers refusing to hire women ex-combatants or narrow expectations of the work women are permitted to do should be taken into account before retraining is offered. Potential employees should be identified for sensitization train- ing to encourage them to employ female ex-combatants.Women and girls should be given a say in determining the types of skills they learn. They should be provided with options that will allow them to build on useful skills acquired during their time with armed groups and forces, including skills that may not usually be considered \u2018women\u2019s work\u2019, such as driving or construction jobs. They should be taught vocational skills in fields for which there is likely to be a long-term demand. Those success- fully completing vocational training should be issued with certificates confirming this.Widows, widowers and dependants of ex-combatants killed in action may need financial and material assistance. They should be assisted in setting up income-generating initiatives. Widows and widowers should be made active participants in reintegration training pro- grammes and should also be able to benefit from credit schemes.Because women\u2019s homes are often the main geographical base for their work, technical and labour support systems should be in place to assist demobilized women in building a house and to support self-employment opportunities.Single or widowed women ex-combatants should be recognized as heads of household and permitted to own and rent existing housing and land.Measures should be taken to protect women ex-combatants or war widows from being forced into casual labour on land that is not their own.Where needed, particularly in rural areas, women should be provided with training in agricultural methods and they should have the right to farm cash crops and own and use livestock, as opposed to engaging in subsistence agriculture.Security should be provided for women on their way to work, or to the marketplace, particularly to protect them from banditry, especially in places with large numbers of small arms.Women should have equal access to communally owned farming tools and water- pumping equipment, and have the right to own such equipment.Greater coordination with development agencies and women\u2019s NGOs that carry out projects to assist women, such as adult literacy courses, microcredit facilities and family planning advice, is essential to make this reintegration programme sustainable and to reach all beneficiaries.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1199, "Sentence":"Widows and widowers should be made active participants in reintegration training pro- grammes and should also be able to benefit from credit schemes.Because women\u2019s homes are often the main geographical base for their work, technical and labour support systems should be in place to assist demobilized women in building a house and to support self-employment opportunities.Single or widowed women ex-combatants should be recognized as heads of household and permitted to own and rent existing housing and land.Measures should be taken to protect women ex-combatants or war widows from being forced into casual labour on land that is not their own.Where needed, particularly in rural areas, women should be provided with training in agricultural methods and they should have the right to farm cash crops and own and use livestock, as opposed to engaging in subsistence agriculture.Security should be provided for women on their way to work, or to the marketplace, particularly to protect them from banditry, especially in places with large numbers of small arms.Women should have equal access to communally owned farming tools and water- pumping equipment, and have the right to own such equipment.Greater coordination with development agencies and women\u2019s NGOs that carry out projects to assist women, such as adult literacy courses, microcredit facilities and family planning advice, is essential to make this reintegration programme sustainable and to reach all beneficiaries.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR widow widower made active participant reintegration training pro gramme also able benefit credit schemes.because woman \u2019 home often main geographical base work technical labour support system place assist demobilized woman building house support selfemployment opportunities.single widowed woman excombatants recognized head household permitted rent existing housing land.measures taken protect woman excombatants war widow forced casual labour land own.where needed particularly rural area woman provided training agricultural method right farm cash crop use livestock opposed engaging subsistence agriculture.security provided woman way work marketplace particularly protect banditry especially place large number small arms.women equal access communally owned farming tool water pumping equipment right equipment.greater coordination development agency woman \u2019 ngo carry project assist woman adult literacy course microcredit facility family planning advice essential make reintegration programme sustainable reach beneficiary ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR empowerment refers woman men taking control life setting agenda gaining skill building selfconfidence solving problem developing self reliance ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR one empower another individual empower make choice speak ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR however institution including international cooperation agency support process nurture selfempowerment individual groups.3 empowerment participant regardless gender central goal ddr intervention measure taken ensure particular group disem powered excluded ddr process.gender social attribute opportunity associated male female relationship woman men girl boy well relation woman men ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR attribute opportunity relationship socially con structed learned socialization process ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"They are context\/time-specific and changeable.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR context\/timespecific changeable ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR gender part broader sociocultural context ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity).", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR important criterion sociocultural analysis include class race poverty level ethnic group age.4 concept gender also includes expectation held characteristic aptitude likely behaviour woman men femininity masculinity ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR concept gender vital applied social analysis reveals woman \u2019 sub ordination men \u2019 domination socially constructed ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"As such, the subordination can be changed or ended.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR subordination changed ended ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR biologically predetermined fixed forever.5 group interaction among armed force group member \u2019 role responsibili tie within group interaction member armed forces\/groups policy decision maker heavily influenced prevailing gender role gender rela tions society ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fact gender role significantly affect behaviour individual even sexsegregated environment allmale cadre.gender analysis collection analysis sexdisaggregated information ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR men woman perform different role society armed group force ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR lead woman men different experience knowledge talent need ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR gender analysis explores difference policy programme project identify meet different need men woman ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR gender analysis also facilitates strategic use distinct knowledge skill possessed woman men greatly improve longterm sustainability interventions.6 context ddr gender analysis used design policy intervention reflect different role capacity need woman men girl boys.gender balance objective achieving representational number woman men among staff ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR shortage woman leadership role well extremely low number woman peacekeeper civilian personnel contributed invisibility need capacity woman girl ddr process ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR achieving gender balance least improving representation woman peace operation defined strategy increasing operational capacity issue related woman girl gender equality mainstreaming.7gender equality equal right responsibility opportunity woman men girl boy ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR equality mean woman men become woman \u2019 men \u2019 right responsibility opportunity depend whether born male female ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR gender equality implies interest need priority woman men taken consideration recognizing di versity different group woman men ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR gender equality woman \u2019 issue concern fully engage men well woman ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR equality woman men seen human right issue precondition indicator sus tainable peoplecentred development.8gender equity process fair men woman ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR ensure fairness measure must often put place compensate historical social disadvantage prevent woman men operating level playing field ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR equity mean equality result.9gender mainstreaming defined 52nd session un economic social council ecosoc 1997 \u201c process assessing implication woman men planned action including legislation policy programme area level ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR strategy making woman \u2019 well men \u2019 concern experience integral dimension design implementation monitoring evaluation policy pro gramme political economic societal sphere woman men benefit equally inequality perpetrated ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR ultimate goal strategy achieve gender equality. \u201d 10 gender mainstreaming emerged major strategy achieving gen der equality following fourth world conference woman held beijing 1995 ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR context ddr gender mainstreaming necessary order ensure woman girl receive equitable access assistance programme package fore essential component ddrrelated intervention ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR order maximize impact gender mainstreaming effort complemented activity directly tailored marginalized segment intended beneficiary group.gender relation social relationship men woman girl boy ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR gender relation shape power distributed among woman men girl boy power translated different position society ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR gender relation generally fluid vary depending social relation class race ethnicity etc.genderaware policy policy utilize gender analysis formulation design recognize gender difference term need interest priority power role ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR recognize men woman active development actor community ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR genderaware policy divided following three policy n genderneutral policy use knowledge gender difference society reduce bias development work order enable woman men meet practical gender need ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"\\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n genderspecific policy based understanding existing gendered division resource responsibility gender power relation ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR policy use knowledge gender difference respond practical gender need woman men ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"\\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n gendertransformative policy consist intervention attempt transform existing distribution power resource create balanced relationship among woman men girl boy responding strategic gender need ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"These policies can target both sexes together, or separately.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR policy target sex together separately ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR intervention may focus woman \u2019 and\/or men \u2019 practical gender need objective creating conducive environment woman men empower themselves.11gendered division labour result society divide work men woman according considered suitable appropriate gender.12 atten tion gendered division labour essential determining reintegration oppor tunities male female excombatants including woman girl associated armed force group noncombat role dependants.genderresponsive ddr programme programme planned implemented moni tored evaluated genderresponsive manner meet different need female male excombatants supporter dependants.genderresponsive objective programme project objective nondiscrimina tory equally benefit woman men aim correcting gender imbalances.13practical gender need woman men perceive immediate necessity water shelter food security.14 practical need vary according gendered difference division agricultural labour reproductive work etc . social context.sex biological difference men woman universal deter mined birth.15sexdisaggregated data data collected presented separately men women.16 availability sexdisaggregated data would describe proportion woman men girl boy associated armed force group essential precondition building genderresponsive policy interventions.strategic gender need longterm need usually material often related struc tural change society regarding woman \u2019 status equity ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR include legislation equal right reproductive choice increased participation decisionmaking ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR notion \u2018 strategic gender need \u2019 first coined 1985 maxine molyneux helped develop gender planning policy development tool moser framework currently used development institution around world ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR intervention dealing stra tegic gender interest focus fundamental issue related woman \u2019 le often men \u2019 subordination gender inequities.17violence woman defined un general assembly 1993 declaration elimination violence woman \u201c act genderbased violence result likely result physical sexual psychological harm suffering woman including threat act coercion arbitrary deprivation liberty whether occurring public private ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Empowerment: Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self- reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However, institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups.3 Empowerment of participants, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures should be taken to ensure that no particular group is disem- powered or excluded through the DDR process.Gender: The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially con- structed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context\/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age.4 The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s sub- ordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever.5 As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibili- ties within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces\/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender rela- tions in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.Gender analysis: The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions.6 In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.Gender balance: The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.7Gender equality: The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the di- versity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sus- tainable people-centred development.8Gender equity: The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. Equity is a means; equality is the result.9Gender mainstreaming: Defined by the 52nd session of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and pro- grammes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to achieve gender equality.\u201d10 Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gen- der equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure that women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, there- fore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.Gender relations: The social relationship between men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how that power is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.Gender-aware policies: Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They recognize further that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\n Gender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in a society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\n Gender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\n Gender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and\/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselves.11Gendered division of labour is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender.12 Atten- tion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration oppor- tunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.Gender-responsive DDR programmes: Programmes that are planned, implemented, moni- tored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.Gender-responsive objectives: Programme and project objectives that are non-discrimina- tory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.13Practical gender needs: What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security.14 Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.Sex: The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and deter- mined at birth.15Sex-disaggregated data: Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women.16 The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions.Strategic gender needs: Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to struc- tural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making. The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with stra- tegic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.17Violence against women: Defined by the UN General Assembly in the 1993 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1200, "Sentence":"Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including batter- ing, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non- spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educa- tional institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; \\n Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.\u201d18", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR violence woman shall understood encompass limited following n physical sexual psychological violence occurring family including batter ing sexual abuse female child household dowryrelated violence marital rape female genital mutilation traditional practice harmful woman non spousal violence violence related exploitation n physical sexual psychological violence occurring within general community including rape sexual abuse sexual harassment intimidation work educa tional institution elsewhere trafficking woman forced prostitution n physical sexual psychological violence perpetrated condoned state wherever occurs. \u201d 18" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n many woman girl associated armed force group" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"What roles have they played?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR role played" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"\\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n facility treatment counselling protection prevent sexualized vio lence woman combatant conflict" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"\\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n demobilized retained part restructured force" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR woman men right choose demobilized retained" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"\\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n sustainable funding ensure longterm success ddr process" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR special fund allocated woman measure place ensure need receive proper attention" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"\\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n support local regional national woman \u2019 organization enlisted aid reintegration" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"\\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n collaboration woman leader assisting excombatants widow returning civilian life enlisted" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"\\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n existing woman \u2019 organization trained understand need experience excombatants" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"\\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n cantonment planned separate secure facility woman" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fuel food water provided woman leave security site" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"\\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n social security system exists woman excombatants easily access" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR specifically designed meet need improve skill" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"\\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n economy support kind training woman might ask demobi lization period" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"\\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n obstacle narrow expectation woman \u2019 work taken account" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR childcare provided ensure woman equitable access training opportunity" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"\\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n training package offered woman reflect local gender norm standard genderappropriate behaviour training attempt change norm" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR benefit hinder woman \u2019 economic independence" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"\\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n single widowed female excombatants recognized head household permitted access housing land" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex B: DDR gender checklist for peace operations assessment missions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"\\n How many women and girls are in and associated with the armed forces and groups? What roles have they played? \\n Are there facilities for treatment, counselling and protection to prevent sexualized vio- lence against women combatants, both during the conflict and after it? \\n Who is demobilized and who is retained as part of the restructured force? Do women and men have the same right to choose to be demobilized or retained? \\n Is there sustainable funding to ensure the long-term success of the DDR process? Are special funds allocated to women, and if not, what measures are in place to ensure that their needs will receive proper attention? \\n Has the support of local, regional and national women\u2019s organizations been enlisted to aid reintegration? \\n Has the collaboration of women leaders in assisting ex-combatants and widows returning to civilian life been enlisted? \\n Are existing women\u2019s organizations being trained to understand the needs and experiences of ex-combatants? \\n If cantonment is being planned, will there be separate and secure facilities for women? Will fuel, food and water be provided so women do not have to leave the security of the site? \\n If a social security system exists, can women ex-combatants easily access it? Is it specifically designed to meet their needs and to improve their skills? \\n Can the economy support the kind of training women might ask for during the demobi- lization period? \\n Have obstacles, such as narrow expectations of women\u2019s work, been taken into account? Will childcare be provided to ensure that women have equitable access to training opportunities? \\n Do training packages offered to women reflect local gender norms and standards about gender-appropriate behaviour or does training attempt to change these norms? Does this benefit or hinder women\u2019s economic independence? \\n Are single or widowed female ex-combatants recognized as heads of households and permitted access to housing and land? \\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1201, "Sentence":"\\n Are legal measures in place to protect their access to land and water?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n legal measure place protect access land water" }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"1. Gender-responsive field\/needs assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Field\/Needs assessment for female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants should be carried out independently of general need assessment, because of the specific needs and concerns of women. Those assessing the needs of women should be aware of gender needs in conflict situations. The use of gender-analysis frameworks should be strongly encouraged to collect information and data on the following: \\n\\n Social and cultural context \\n Gender roles and gender division of labour (both in public and private spheres) \\n Traditional practices that oppose the human rights of women \\n\\n Political context \\n Political participation of women at the national and community levels \\n Access to education for girls \\n\\n Economic context \\n Socio-economic status of women \\n Women\u2019s access to and control over resources \\n\\n Capacity and vulnerability \\n Capacities and vulnerabilities of women and girls \\n Existing local support networks for women and girls \\n Capacities of local women\u2019s associations and NGOs \\n\\n Security \\n Extent of women\u2019s participation in the security sector (police, military, government) \\n Level of sexual and gender-based violence \\n\\n Specific needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants (economic, social, physical, psychological, cultural, political, etc.)The methodology of data collection should be participatory, and sensitive to gender- related issues. The assessment group should include representatives from local women\u2019s organizations and the local community. This might mean that local female interpreter(s) and translator(s) are needed (also see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1202, "Sentence":"Field\/Needs assessment for female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants should be carried out independently of general need assessment, because of the specific needs and concerns of women.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR field\/needs assessment female excombatants supporter dependant carried independently general need assessment specific need concern woman ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"1. Gender-responsive field\/needs assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Field\/Needs assessment for female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants should be carried out independently of general need assessment, because of the specific needs and concerns of women. Those assessing the needs of women should be aware of gender needs in conflict situations. The use of gender-analysis frameworks should be strongly encouraged to collect information and data on the following: \\n\\n Social and cultural context \\n Gender roles and gender division of labour (both in public and private spheres) \\n Traditional practices that oppose the human rights of women \\n\\n Political context \\n Political participation of women at the national and community levels \\n Access to education for girls \\n\\n Economic context \\n Socio-economic status of women \\n Women\u2019s access to and control over resources \\n\\n Capacity and vulnerability \\n Capacities and vulnerabilities of women and girls \\n Existing local support networks for women and girls \\n Capacities of local women\u2019s associations and NGOs \\n\\n Security \\n Extent of women\u2019s participation in the security sector (police, military, government) \\n Level of sexual and gender-based violence \\n\\n Specific needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants (economic, social, physical, psychological, cultural, political, etc.)The methodology of data collection should be participatory, and sensitive to gender- related issues. The assessment group should include representatives from local women\u2019s organizations and the local community. This might mean that local female interpreter(s) and translator(s) are needed (also see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1202, "Sentence":"Those assessing the needs of women should be aware of gender needs in conflict situations.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR assessing need woman aware gender need conflict situation ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"1. Gender-responsive field\/needs assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Field\/Needs assessment for female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants should be carried out independently of general need assessment, because of the specific needs and concerns of women. Those assessing the needs of women should be aware of gender needs in conflict situations. The use of gender-analysis frameworks should be strongly encouraged to collect information and data on the following: \\n\\n Social and cultural context \\n Gender roles and gender division of labour (both in public and private spheres) \\n Traditional practices that oppose the human rights of women \\n\\n Political context \\n Political participation of women at the national and community levels \\n Access to education for girls \\n\\n Economic context \\n Socio-economic status of women \\n Women\u2019s access to and control over resources \\n\\n Capacity and vulnerability \\n Capacities and vulnerabilities of women and girls \\n Existing local support networks for women and girls \\n Capacities of local women\u2019s associations and NGOs \\n\\n Security \\n Extent of women\u2019s participation in the security sector (police, military, government) \\n Level of sexual and gender-based violence \\n\\n Specific needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants (economic, social, physical, psychological, cultural, political, etc.)The methodology of data collection should be participatory, and sensitive to gender- related issues. The assessment group should include representatives from local women\u2019s organizations and the local community. This might mean that local female interpreter(s) and translator(s) are needed (also see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1202, "Sentence":"The use of gender-analysis frameworks should be strongly encouraged to collect information and data on the following: \\n\\n Social and cultural context \\n Gender roles and gender division of labour (both in public and private spheres) \\n Traditional practices that oppose the human rights of women \\n\\n Political context \\n Political participation of women at the national and community levels \\n Access to education for girls \\n\\n Economic context \\n Socio-economic status of women \\n Women\u2019s access to and control over resources \\n\\n Capacity and vulnerability \\n Capacities and vulnerabilities of women and girls \\n Existing local support networks for women and girls \\n Capacities of local women\u2019s associations and NGOs \\n\\n Security \\n Extent of women\u2019s participation in the security sector (police, military, government) \\n Level of sexual and gender-based violence \\n\\n Specific needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants (economic, social, physical, psychological, cultural, political, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR use genderanalysis framework strongly encouraged collect information data following nn social cultural context n gender role gender division labour public private sphere n traditional practice oppose human right woman nn political context n political participation woman national community level n access education girl nn economic context n socioeconomic status woman n woman \u2019 access control resource nn capacity vulnerability n capacity vulnerability woman girl n existing local support network woman girl n capacity local woman \u2019 association ngo nn security n extent woman \u2019 participation security sector police military government n level sexual genderbased violence nn specific need female excombatants supporter dependant economic social physical psychological cultural political etc ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"1. Gender-responsive field\/needs assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Field\/Needs assessment for female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants should be carried out independently of general need assessment, because of the specific needs and concerns of women. Those assessing the needs of women should be aware of gender needs in conflict situations. The use of gender-analysis frameworks should be strongly encouraged to collect information and data on the following: \\n\\n Social and cultural context \\n Gender roles and gender division of labour (both in public and private spheres) \\n Traditional practices that oppose the human rights of women \\n\\n Political context \\n Political participation of women at the national and community levels \\n Access to education for girls \\n\\n Economic context \\n Socio-economic status of women \\n Women\u2019s access to and control over resources \\n\\n Capacity and vulnerability \\n Capacities and vulnerabilities of women and girls \\n Existing local support networks for women and girls \\n Capacities of local women\u2019s associations and NGOs \\n\\n Security \\n Extent of women\u2019s participation in the security sector (police, military, government) \\n Level of sexual and gender-based violence \\n\\n Specific needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants (economic, social, physical, psychological, cultural, political, etc.)The methodology of data collection should be participatory, and sensitive to gender- related issues. The assessment group should include representatives from local women\u2019s organizations and the local community. This might mean that local female interpreter(s) and translator(s) are needed (also see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1202, "Sentence":")The methodology of data collection should be participatory, and sensitive to gender- related issues.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR methodology data collection participatory sensitive gender related issue ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"1. Gender-responsive field\/needs assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Field\/Needs assessment for female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants should be carried out independently of general need assessment, because of the specific needs and concerns of women. Those assessing the needs of women should be aware of gender needs in conflict situations. The use of gender-analysis frameworks should be strongly encouraged to collect information and data on the following: \\n\\n Social and cultural context \\n Gender roles and gender division of labour (both in public and private spheres) \\n Traditional practices that oppose the human rights of women \\n\\n Political context \\n Political participation of women at the national and community levels \\n Access to education for girls \\n\\n Economic context \\n Socio-economic status of women \\n Women\u2019s access to and control over resources \\n\\n Capacity and vulnerability \\n Capacities and vulnerabilities of women and girls \\n Existing local support networks for women and girls \\n Capacities of local women\u2019s associations and NGOs \\n\\n Security \\n Extent of women\u2019s participation in the security sector (police, military, government) \\n Level of sexual and gender-based violence \\n\\n Specific needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants (economic, social, physical, psychological, cultural, political, etc.)The methodology of data collection should be participatory, and sensitive to gender- related issues. The assessment group should include representatives from local women\u2019s organizations and the local community. This might mean that local female interpreter(s) and translator(s) are needed (also see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1202, "Sentence":"The assessment group should include representatives from local women\u2019s organizations and the local community.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR assessment group include representative local woman \u2019 organization local community ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"1. Gender-responsive field\/needs assessment", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Field\/Needs assessment for female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants should be carried out independently of general need assessment, because of the specific needs and concerns of women. Those assessing the needs of women should be aware of gender needs in conflict situations. The use of gender-analysis frameworks should be strongly encouraged to collect information and data on the following: \\n\\n Social and cultural context \\n Gender roles and gender division of labour (both in public and private spheres) \\n Traditional practices that oppose the human rights of women \\n\\n Political context \\n Political participation of women at the national and community levels \\n Access to education for girls \\n\\n Economic context \\n Socio-economic status of women \\n Women\u2019s access to and control over resources \\n\\n Capacity and vulnerability \\n Capacities and vulnerabilities of women and girls \\n Existing local support networks for women and girls \\n Capacities of local women\u2019s associations and NGOs \\n\\n Security \\n Extent of women\u2019s participation in the security sector (police, military, government) \\n Level of sexual and gender-based violence \\n\\n Specific needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants (economic, social, physical, psychological, cultural, political, etc.)The methodology of data collection should be participatory, and sensitive to gender- related issues. The assessment group should include representatives from local women\u2019s organizations and the local community. This might mean that local female interpreter(s) and translator(s) are needed (also see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1202, "Sentence":"This might mean that local female interpreter(s) and translator(s) are needed (also see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design).", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR might mean local female interpreter translator needed also see iddrs 3.20 ddr programme design ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"1. Gender-responsive field\/needs assessment", "Heading3":"1.1. Matrix to assess capacities and vulnerabilities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"The Capacities and Vulnerabilities Framework21 can be used to plan and measure the out- come of gender-responsive DDR programmes. This framework is also useful for assessing needs by mapping the strengths and weaknesses of the target population.The matrix below is an example of how the framework can be used. A similar approach can be created in the field, based on collective interviews and\/or focus groups with women\u2019s NGOs, community leaders, female ex-combatants and supporters: \\n Capacities refer to the existing strengths of individuals and groups to cope with a crisis and to improve the quality of their lives; \\n Vulnerabilities refer to factors that weaken the people\u2019s ability to create positive changes in their lives and community.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1203, "Sentence":"The Capacities and Vulnerabilities Framework21 can be used to plan and measure the out- come of gender-responsive DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR capacity vulnerability framework21 used plan measure come genderresponsive ddr programme ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"1. Gender-responsive field\/needs assessment", "Heading3":"1.1. Matrix to assess capacities and vulnerabilities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"The Capacities and Vulnerabilities Framework21 can be used to plan and measure the out- come of gender-responsive DDR programmes. This framework is also useful for assessing needs by mapping the strengths and weaknesses of the target population.The matrix below is an example of how the framework can be used. A similar approach can be created in the field, based on collective interviews and\/or focus groups with women\u2019s NGOs, community leaders, female ex-combatants and supporters: \\n Capacities refer to the existing strengths of individuals and groups to cope with a crisis and to improve the quality of their lives; \\n Vulnerabilities refer to factors that weaken the people\u2019s ability to create positive changes in their lives and community.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1203, "Sentence":"This framework is also useful for assessing needs by mapping the strengths and weaknesses of the target population.The matrix below is an example of how the framework can be used.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR framework also useful assessing need mapping strength weakness target population.the matrix example framework used ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"1. Gender-responsive field\/needs assessment", "Heading3":"1.1. Matrix to assess capacities and vulnerabilities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"The Capacities and Vulnerabilities Framework21 can be used to plan and measure the out- come of gender-responsive DDR programmes. This framework is also useful for assessing needs by mapping the strengths and weaknesses of the target population.The matrix below is an example of how the framework can be used. A similar approach can be created in the field, based on collective interviews and\/or focus groups with women\u2019s NGOs, community leaders, female ex-combatants and supporters: \\n Capacities refer to the existing strengths of individuals and groups to cope with a crisis and to improve the quality of their lives; \\n Vulnerabilities refer to factors that weaken the people\u2019s ability to create positive changes in their lives and community.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1203, "Sentence":"A similar approach can be created in the field, based on collective interviews and\/or focus groups with women\u2019s NGOs, community leaders, female ex-combatants and supporters: \\n Capacities refer to the existing strengths of individuals and groups to cope with a crisis and to improve the quality of their lives; \\n Vulnerabilities refer to factors that weaken the people\u2019s ability to create positive changes in their lives and community.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR similar approach created field based collective interview and\/or focus group woman \u2019 ngo community leader female excombatants supporter n capacity refer existing strength individual group cope crisis improve quality life n vulnerability refer factor weaken people \u2019 ability create positive change life community ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"2. Gender-responsive programme design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The formulation of a project\/programme should reflect the results of needs assessments of female ex-combatants and other FAAFGs. Gender dimensions should be included in the following components: \\n programme goals; project objectives; \\n outputs; \\n indicative activities; \\n inputs; \\n indicators (for baseline data and monitoring and evaluation).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1204, "Sentence":"The formulation of a project\/programme should reflect the results of needs assessments of female ex-combatants and other FAAFGs.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR formulation project\/programme reflect result need assessment female excombatants faafgs ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"2. Gender-responsive programme design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The formulation of a project\/programme should reflect the results of needs assessments of female ex-combatants and other FAAFGs. Gender dimensions should be included in the following components: \\n programme goals; project objectives; \\n outputs; \\n indicative activities; \\n inputs; \\n indicators (for baseline data and monitoring and evaluation).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1204, "Sentence":"Gender dimensions should be included in the following components: \\n programme goals; project objectives; \\n outputs; \\n indicative activities; \\n inputs; \\n indicators (for baseline data and monitoring and evaluation).", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR gender dimension included following component n programme goal project objective n output n indicative activity n input n indicator baseline data monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"3. Gender-responsive budgeting in DDR programming", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"The formulation of a gender-responsive budget is a way of ensuring that female-specific interventions will be sufficiently funded. It also ensures that equal attention is paid to females and males by disaggregating costs by gender. Budgetary processes should ensure the par- ticipation of a DDR gender adviser, women\u2019s organizations and community members in order to encourage accountability and transparency.In addition to objectives, indicators and outputs defined in the programme design, there is a need to specify the following categories within a results-based budgeting framework: \\n female-specific activities (e.g., job training for female ex-combatants, counselling for the victims of gender-based violence) and its inputs (trained staff, adequate facilities); \\n gender training (to programme staff, government officials, ex-combatants, supporters and dependants) and its inputs (trained staff, adequate facilities); \\n gender adviser(s); \\n unit cost (per participant) of all activities disaggregated by gender. \\n\\n It is also advisable to ask donors to specify the allocation of funds to female-specific interventions and gender training (also see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1205, "Sentence":"The formulation of a gender-responsive budget is a way of ensuring that female-specific interventions will be sufficiently funded.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR formulation genderresponsive budget way ensuring femalespecific intervention sufficiently funded ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"3. Gender-responsive budgeting in DDR programming", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"The formulation of a gender-responsive budget is a way of ensuring that female-specific interventions will be sufficiently funded. It also ensures that equal attention is paid to females and males by disaggregating costs by gender. Budgetary processes should ensure the par- ticipation of a DDR gender adviser, women\u2019s organizations and community members in order to encourage accountability and transparency.In addition to objectives, indicators and outputs defined in the programme design, there is a need to specify the following categories within a results-based budgeting framework: \\n female-specific activities (e.g., job training for female ex-combatants, counselling for the victims of gender-based violence) and its inputs (trained staff, adequate facilities); \\n gender training (to programme staff, government officials, ex-combatants, supporters and dependants) and its inputs (trained staff, adequate facilities); \\n gender adviser(s); \\n unit cost (per participant) of all activities disaggregated by gender. \\n\\n It is also advisable to ask donors to specify the allocation of funds to female-specific interventions and gender training (also see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1205, "Sentence":"It also ensures that equal attention is paid to females and males by disaggregating costs by gender.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR also ensures equal attention paid female male disaggregating cost gender ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"3. Gender-responsive budgeting in DDR programming", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"The formulation of a gender-responsive budget is a way of ensuring that female-specific interventions will be sufficiently funded. It also ensures that equal attention is paid to females and males by disaggregating costs by gender. Budgetary processes should ensure the par- ticipation of a DDR gender adviser, women\u2019s organizations and community members in order to encourage accountability and transparency.In addition to objectives, indicators and outputs defined in the programme design, there is a need to specify the following categories within a results-based budgeting framework: \\n female-specific activities (e.g., job training for female ex-combatants, counselling for the victims of gender-based violence) and its inputs (trained staff, adequate facilities); \\n gender training (to programme staff, government officials, ex-combatants, supporters and dependants) and its inputs (trained staff, adequate facilities); \\n gender adviser(s); \\n unit cost (per participant) of all activities disaggregated by gender. \\n\\n It is also advisable to ask donors to specify the allocation of funds to female-specific interventions and gender training (also see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1205, "Sentence":"Budgetary processes should ensure the par- ticipation of a DDR gender adviser, women\u2019s organizations and community members in order to encourage accountability and transparency.In addition to objectives, indicators and outputs defined in the programme design, there is a need to specify the following categories within a results-based budgeting framework: \\n female-specific activities (e.g., job training for female ex-combatants, counselling for the victims of gender-based violence) and its inputs (trained staff, adequate facilities); \\n gender training (to programme staff, government officials, ex-combatants, supporters and dependants) and its inputs (trained staff, adequate facilities); \\n gender adviser(s); \\n unit cost (per participant) of all activities disaggregated by gender.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR budgetary process ensure par ticipation ddr gender adviser woman \u2019 organization community member order encourage accountability transparency.in addition objective indicator output defined programme design need specify following category within resultsbased budgeting framework n femalespecific activity e.g . job training female excombatants counselling victim genderbased violence input trained staff adequate facility n gender training programme staff government official excombatants supporter dependant input trained staff adequate facility n gender adviser n unit cost per participant activity disaggregated gender ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"3. Gender-responsive budgeting in DDR programming", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"The formulation of a gender-responsive budget is a way of ensuring that female-specific interventions will be sufficiently funded. It also ensures that equal attention is paid to females and males by disaggregating costs by gender. Budgetary processes should ensure the par- ticipation of a DDR gender adviser, women\u2019s organizations and community members in order to encourage accountability and transparency.In addition to objectives, indicators and outputs defined in the programme design, there is a need to specify the following categories within a results-based budgeting framework: \\n female-specific activities (e.g., job training for female ex-combatants, counselling for the victims of gender-based violence) and its inputs (trained staff, adequate facilities); \\n gender training (to programme staff, government officials, ex-combatants, supporters and dependants) and its inputs (trained staff, adequate facilities); \\n gender adviser(s); \\n unit cost (per participant) of all activities disaggregated by gender. \\n\\n It is also advisable to ask donors to specify the allocation of funds to female-specific interventions and gender training (also see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1205, "Sentence":"\\n\\n It is also advisable to ask donors to specify the allocation of funds to female-specific interventions and gender training (also see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR nn also advisable ask donor specify allocation fund femalespecific intervention gender training also see iddrs 3.41 finance budgeting ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is necessary to find out if DDR pro- grammes are meeting the needs of women and girls, and to examine the gendered impact of DDR. At present, the gender dimensions of DDR are not monitored and evaluated effec- tively in DDR programmes, partly because of poorly allocated resources, and partly because there is a shortage of evaluators who are aware of gender issues and have the skills needed to include gender in their evaluation practices.To overcome these gaps, it is necessary to create a primary framework for gender- responsive M&E. Disaggregating existing data by gender alone is not enough. By identifying a set of specific indicators that measure the gender dimensions of DDR programmes and their impacts, it should be possible to come up with more comprehensive and practical recommendations for future programmes. The following matrixes show a set of gender- related indicators for M&E (also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).These matrixes consist of six M&E frameworks: \\n 1.Monitoring programme performance (disarmament; demobilization; reintegration) \\n 2.Monitoring process \\n 3.Evaluation of outcomes\/results \\n 4.Evaluation of impact \\n 5.Evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budget analysis) \\n 6.Evaluation of programme management.The following are the primary sources of data, and data collection instruments and techniques: \\n national and municipal government data; \\n health-related data (e.g., data collected at ante-natal clinics); \\n programme\/project reports; \\n surveys (e.g., household surveys); \\n interviews (e.g., focus groups, structured and open-ended interviews).Whenever necessary, data should be disaggregated not only by gender (to compare men and women), but also by age, different role(s) during the conflict, location (rural\/urban) and ethnic background.Gender advisers in the regional office of DDR programme and general evaluators will be the main coordinators for these gender-responsive M&E activities, but the responsibility will fall to the programme director and chief as well. All information should be shared with donors, programme management staff and programme participants, where relevant. Key findings will be used to improve future programmes and M&E. The following tables offer examples of gender analysis frameworks and gender-responsive budgeting analysis for DDR programmes.Note: Female ex-combatants = FXC; women associated with armed groups and forces = FS; female dependants = FD", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1206, "Sentence":"Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is necessary to find out if DDR pro- grammes are meeting the needs of women and girls, and to examine the gendered impact of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR genderresponsive monitoring evaluation necessary find ddr pro gramme meeting need woman girl examine gendered impact ddr ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is necessary to find out if DDR pro- grammes are meeting the needs of women and girls, and to examine the gendered impact of DDR. At present, the gender dimensions of DDR are not monitored and evaluated effec- tively in DDR programmes, partly because of poorly allocated resources, and partly because there is a shortage of evaluators who are aware of gender issues and have the skills needed to include gender in their evaluation practices.To overcome these gaps, it is necessary to create a primary framework for gender- responsive M&E. Disaggregating existing data by gender alone is not enough. By identifying a set of specific indicators that measure the gender dimensions of DDR programmes and their impacts, it should be possible to come up with more comprehensive and practical recommendations for future programmes. The following matrixes show a set of gender- related indicators for M&E (also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).These matrixes consist of six M&E frameworks: \\n 1.Monitoring programme performance (disarmament; demobilization; reintegration) \\n 2.Monitoring process \\n 3.Evaluation of outcomes\/results \\n 4.Evaluation of impact \\n 5.Evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budget analysis) \\n 6.Evaluation of programme management.The following are the primary sources of data, and data collection instruments and techniques: \\n national and municipal government data; \\n health-related data (e.g., data collected at ante-natal clinics); \\n programme\/project reports; \\n surveys (e.g., household surveys); \\n interviews (e.g., focus groups, structured and open-ended interviews).Whenever necessary, data should be disaggregated not only by gender (to compare men and women), but also by age, different role(s) during the conflict, location (rural\/urban) and ethnic background.Gender advisers in the regional office of DDR programme and general evaluators will be the main coordinators for these gender-responsive M&E activities, but the responsibility will fall to the programme director and chief as well. All information should be shared with donors, programme management staff and programme participants, where relevant. Key findings will be used to improve future programmes and M&E. The following tables offer examples of gender analysis frameworks and gender-responsive budgeting analysis for DDR programmes.Note: Female ex-combatants = FXC; women associated with armed groups and forces = FS; female dependants = FD", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1206, "Sentence":"At present, the gender dimensions of DDR are not monitored and evaluated effec- tively in DDR programmes, partly because of poorly allocated resources, and partly because there is a shortage of evaluators who are aware of gender issues and have the skills needed to include gender in their evaluation practices.To overcome these gaps, it is necessary to create a primary framework for gender- responsive M&E.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR present gender dimension ddr monitored evaluated effec tively ddr programme partly poorly allocated resource partly shortage evaluator aware gender issue skill needed include gender evaluation practices.to overcome gap necessary create primary framework gender responsive ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is necessary to find out if DDR pro- grammes are meeting the needs of women and girls, and to examine the gendered impact of DDR. At present, the gender dimensions of DDR are not monitored and evaluated effec- tively in DDR programmes, partly because of poorly allocated resources, and partly because there is a shortage of evaluators who are aware of gender issues and have the skills needed to include gender in their evaluation practices.To overcome these gaps, it is necessary to create a primary framework for gender- responsive M&E. Disaggregating existing data by gender alone is not enough. By identifying a set of specific indicators that measure the gender dimensions of DDR programmes and their impacts, it should be possible to come up with more comprehensive and practical recommendations for future programmes. The following matrixes show a set of gender- related indicators for M&E (also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).These matrixes consist of six M&E frameworks: \\n 1.Monitoring programme performance (disarmament; demobilization; reintegration) \\n 2.Monitoring process \\n 3.Evaluation of outcomes\/results \\n 4.Evaluation of impact \\n 5.Evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budget analysis) \\n 6.Evaluation of programme management.The following are the primary sources of data, and data collection instruments and techniques: \\n national and municipal government data; \\n health-related data (e.g., data collected at ante-natal clinics); \\n programme\/project reports; \\n surveys (e.g., household surveys); \\n interviews (e.g., focus groups, structured and open-ended interviews).Whenever necessary, data should be disaggregated not only by gender (to compare men and women), but also by age, different role(s) during the conflict, location (rural\/urban) and ethnic background.Gender advisers in the regional office of DDR programme and general evaluators will be the main coordinators for these gender-responsive M&E activities, but the responsibility will fall to the programme director and chief as well. All information should be shared with donors, programme management staff and programme participants, where relevant. Key findings will be used to improve future programmes and M&E. The following tables offer examples of gender analysis frameworks and gender-responsive budgeting analysis for DDR programmes.Note: Female ex-combatants = FXC; women associated with armed groups and forces = FS; female dependants = FD", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1206, "Sentence":"Disaggregating existing data by gender alone is not enough.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR disaggregating existing data gender alone enough ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is necessary to find out if DDR pro- grammes are meeting the needs of women and girls, and to examine the gendered impact of DDR. At present, the gender dimensions of DDR are not monitored and evaluated effec- tively in DDR programmes, partly because of poorly allocated resources, and partly because there is a shortage of evaluators who are aware of gender issues and have the skills needed to include gender in their evaluation practices.To overcome these gaps, it is necessary to create a primary framework for gender- responsive M&E. Disaggregating existing data by gender alone is not enough. By identifying a set of specific indicators that measure the gender dimensions of DDR programmes and their impacts, it should be possible to come up with more comprehensive and practical recommendations for future programmes. The following matrixes show a set of gender- related indicators for M&E (also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).These matrixes consist of six M&E frameworks: \\n 1.Monitoring programme performance (disarmament; demobilization; reintegration) \\n 2.Monitoring process \\n 3.Evaluation of outcomes\/results \\n 4.Evaluation of impact \\n 5.Evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budget analysis) \\n 6.Evaluation of programme management.The following are the primary sources of data, and data collection instruments and techniques: \\n national and municipal government data; \\n health-related data (e.g., data collected at ante-natal clinics); \\n programme\/project reports; \\n surveys (e.g., household surveys); \\n interviews (e.g., focus groups, structured and open-ended interviews).Whenever necessary, data should be disaggregated not only by gender (to compare men and women), but also by age, different role(s) during the conflict, location (rural\/urban) and ethnic background.Gender advisers in the regional office of DDR programme and general evaluators will be the main coordinators for these gender-responsive M&E activities, but the responsibility will fall to the programme director and chief as well. All information should be shared with donors, programme management staff and programme participants, where relevant. Key findings will be used to improve future programmes and M&E. The following tables offer examples of gender analysis frameworks and gender-responsive budgeting analysis for DDR programmes.Note: Female ex-combatants = FXC; women associated with armed groups and forces = FS; female dependants = FD", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1206, "Sentence":"By identifying a set of specific indicators that measure the gender dimensions of DDR programmes and their impacts, it should be possible to come up with more comprehensive and practical recommendations for future programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR identifying set specific indicator measure gender dimension ddr programme impact possible come comprehensive practical recommendation future programme ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is necessary to find out if DDR pro- grammes are meeting the needs of women and girls, and to examine the gendered impact of DDR. At present, the gender dimensions of DDR are not monitored and evaluated effec- tively in DDR programmes, partly because of poorly allocated resources, and partly because there is a shortage of evaluators who are aware of gender issues and have the skills needed to include gender in their evaluation practices.To overcome these gaps, it is necessary to create a primary framework for gender- responsive M&E. Disaggregating existing data by gender alone is not enough. By identifying a set of specific indicators that measure the gender dimensions of DDR programmes and their impacts, it should be possible to come up with more comprehensive and practical recommendations for future programmes. The following matrixes show a set of gender- related indicators for M&E (also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).These matrixes consist of six M&E frameworks: \\n 1.Monitoring programme performance (disarmament; demobilization; reintegration) \\n 2.Monitoring process \\n 3.Evaluation of outcomes\/results \\n 4.Evaluation of impact \\n 5.Evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budget analysis) \\n 6.Evaluation of programme management.The following are the primary sources of data, and data collection instruments and techniques: \\n national and municipal government data; \\n health-related data (e.g., data collected at ante-natal clinics); \\n programme\/project reports; \\n surveys (e.g., household surveys); \\n interviews (e.g., focus groups, structured and open-ended interviews).Whenever necessary, data should be disaggregated not only by gender (to compare men and women), but also by age, different role(s) during the conflict, location (rural\/urban) and ethnic background.Gender advisers in the regional office of DDR programme and general evaluators will be the main coordinators for these gender-responsive M&E activities, but the responsibility will fall to the programme director and chief as well. All information should be shared with donors, programme management staff and programme participants, where relevant. Key findings will be used to improve future programmes and M&E. The following tables offer examples of gender analysis frameworks and gender-responsive budgeting analysis for DDR programmes.Note: Female ex-combatants = FXC; women associated with armed groups and forces = FS; female dependants = FD", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1206, "Sentence":"The following matrixes show a set of gender- related indicators for M&E (also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).These matrixes consist of six M&E frameworks: \\n 1.Monitoring programme performance (disarmament; demobilization; reintegration) \\n 2.Monitoring process \\n 3.Evaluation of outcomes\/results \\n 4.Evaluation of impact \\n 5.Evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budget analysis) \\n 6.Evaluation of programme management.The following are the primary sources of data, and data collection instruments and techniques: \\n national and municipal government data; \\n health-related data (e.g., data collected at ante-natal clinics); \\n programme\/project reports; \\n surveys (e.g., household surveys); \\n interviews (e.g., focus groups, structured and open-ended interviews).Whenever necessary, data should be disaggregated not only by gender (to compare men and women), but also by age, different role(s) during the conflict, location (rural\/urban) and ethnic background.Gender advisers in the regional office of DDR programme and general evaluators will be the main coordinators for these gender-responsive M&E activities, but the responsibility will fall to the programme director and chief as well.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR following matrix show set gender related indicator also see iddrs 3.50 monitoring evaluation ddr programmes.these matrix consist six framework n 1.monitoring programme performance disarmament demobilization reintegration n 2.monitoring process n 3.evaluation outcomes\/results n 4.evaluation impact n 5.evaluation budget genderresponsive budget analysis n 6.evaluation programme management.the following primary source data data collection instrument technique n national municipal government data n healthrelated data e.g . data collected antenatal clinic n programme\/project report n survey e.g . household survey n interview e.g . focus group structured openended interviews.whenever necessary data disaggregated gender compare men woman also age different role conflict location rural\/urban ethnic background.gender adviser regional office ddr programme general evaluator main coordinator genderresponsive activity responsibility fall programme director chief well ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is necessary to find out if DDR pro- grammes are meeting the needs of women and girls, and to examine the gendered impact of DDR. At present, the gender dimensions of DDR are not monitored and evaluated effec- tively in DDR programmes, partly because of poorly allocated resources, and partly because there is a shortage of evaluators who are aware of gender issues and have the skills needed to include gender in their evaluation practices.To overcome these gaps, it is necessary to create a primary framework for gender- responsive M&E. Disaggregating existing data by gender alone is not enough. By identifying a set of specific indicators that measure the gender dimensions of DDR programmes and their impacts, it should be possible to come up with more comprehensive and practical recommendations for future programmes. The following matrixes show a set of gender- related indicators for M&E (also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).These matrixes consist of six M&E frameworks: \\n 1.Monitoring programme performance (disarmament; demobilization; reintegration) \\n 2.Monitoring process \\n 3.Evaluation of outcomes\/results \\n 4.Evaluation of impact \\n 5.Evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budget analysis) \\n 6.Evaluation of programme management.The following are the primary sources of data, and data collection instruments and techniques: \\n national and municipal government data; \\n health-related data (e.g., data collected at ante-natal clinics); \\n programme\/project reports; \\n surveys (e.g., household surveys); \\n interviews (e.g., focus groups, structured and open-ended interviews).Whenever necessary, data should be disaggregated not only by gender (to compare men and women), but also by age, different role(s) during the conflict, location (rural\/urban) and ethnic background.Gender advisers in the regional office of DDR programme and general evaluators will be the main coordinators for these gender-responsive M&E activities, but the responsibility will fall to the programme director and chief as well. All information should be shared with donors, programme management staff and programme participants, where relevant. Key findings will be used to improve future programmes and M&E. The following tables offer examples of gender analysis frameworks and gender-responsive budgeting analysis for DDR programmes.Note: Female ex-combatants = FXC; women associated with armed groups and forces = FS; female dependants = FD", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1206, "Sentence":"All information should be shared with donors, programme management staff and programme participants, where relevant.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR information shared donor programme management staff programme participant relevant ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is necessary to find out if DDR pro- grammes are meeting the needs of women and girls, and to examine the gendered impact of DDR. At present, the gender dimensions of DDR are not monitored and evaluated effec- tively in DDR programmes, partly because of poorly allocated resources, and partly because there is a shortage of evaluators who are aware of gender issues and have the skills needed to include gender in their evaluation practices.To overcome these gaps, it is necessary to create a primary framework for gender- responsive M&E. Disaggregating existing data by gender alone is not enough. By identifying a set of specific indicators that measure the gender dimensions of DDR programmes and their impacts, it should be possible to come up with more comprehensive and practical recommendations for future programmes. The following matrixes show a set of gender- related indicators for M&E (also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).These matrixes consist of six M&E frameworks: \\n 1.Monitoring programme performance (disarmament; demobilization; reintegration) \\n 2.Monitoring process \\n 3.Evaluation of outcomes\/results \\n 4.Evaluation of impact \\n 5.Evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budget analysis) \\n 6.Evaluation of programme management.The following are the primary sources of data, and data collection instruments and techniques: \\n national and municipal government data; \\n health-related data (e.g., data collected at ante-natal clinics); \\n programme\/project reports; \\n surveys (e.g., household surveys); \\n interviews (e.g., focus groups, structured and open-ended interviews).Whenever necessary, data should be disaggregated not only by gender (to compare men and women), but also by age, different role(s) during the conflict, location (rural\/urban) and ethnic background.Gender advisers in the regional office of DDR programme and general evaluators will be the main coordinators for these gender-responsive M&E activities, but the responsibility will fall to the programme director and chief as well. All information should be shared with donors, programme management staff and programme participants, where relevant. Key findings will be used to improve future programmes and M&E. The following tables offer examples of gender analysis frameworks and gender-responsive budgeting analysis for DDR programmes.Note: Female ex-combatants = FXC; women associated with armed groups and forces = FS; female dependants = FD", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1206, "Sentence":"Key findings will be used to improve future programmes and M&E.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR key finding used improve future programme ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is necessary to find out if DDR pro- grammes are meeting the needs of women and girls, and to examine the gendered impact of DDR. At present, the gender dimensions of DDR are not monitored and evaluated effec- tively in DDR programmes, partly because of poorly allocated resources, and partly because there is a shortage of evaluators who are aware of gender issues and have the skills needed to include gender in their evaluation practices.To overcome these gaps, it is necessary to create a primary framework for gender- responsive M&E. Disaggregating existing data by gender alone is not enough. By identifying a set of specific indicators that measure the gender dimensions of DDR programmes and their impacts, it should be possible to come up with more comprehensive and practical recommendations for future programmes. The following matrixes show a set of gender- related indicators for M&E (also see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).These matrixes consist of six M&E frameworks: \\n 1.Monitoring programme performance (disarmament; demobilization; reintegration) \\n 2.Monitoring process \\n 3.Evaluation of outcomes\/results \\n 4.Evaluation of impact \\n 5.Evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budget analysis) \\n 6.Evaluation of programme management.The following are the primary sources of data, and data collection instruments and techniques: \\n national and municipal government data; \\n health-related data (e.g., data collected at ante-natal clinics); \\n programme\/project reports; \\n surveys (e.g., household surveys); \\n interviews (e.g., focus groups, structured and open-ended interviews).Whenever necessary, data should be disaggregated not only by gender (to compare men and women), but also by age, different role(s) during the conflict, location (rural\/urban) and ethnic background.Gender advisers in the regional office of DDR programme and general evaluators will be the main coordinators for these gender-responsive M&E activities, but the responsibility will fall to the programme director and chief as well. All information should be shared with donors, programme management staff and programme participants, where relevant. Key findings will be used to improve future programmes and M&E. The following tables offer examples of gender analysis frameworks and gender-responsive budgeting analysis for DDR programmes.Note: Female ex-combatants = FXC; women associated with armed groups and forces = FS; female dependants = FD", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1206, "Sentence":"The following tables offer examples of gender analysis frameworks and gender-responsive budgeting analysis for DDR programmes.Note: Female ex-combatants = FXC; women associated with armed groups and forces = FS; female dependants = FD", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR following table offer example gender analysis framework genderresponsive budgeting analysis ddr programmes.note female excombatants fxc woman associated armed group force f female dependant fd" }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"\\n\\n Purpose of monitoring: To monitor programme performance for female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants at each stage of DDR: \\n monitoring of disarmament; \\n monitoring of demobilization; \\n monitoring of reintegration; \\n\\n Data collection frequency: Every month during the implementation of the programme.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1207, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Purpose of monitoring: To monitor programme performance for female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants at each stage of DDR: \\n monitoring of disarmament; \\n monitoring of demobilization; \\n monitoring of reintegration; \\n\\n Data collection frequency: Every month during the implementation of the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR nn purpose monitoring monitor programme performance female excombatants supporter dependant stage ddr n monitoring disarmament n monitoring demobilization n monitoring reintegration nn data collection frequency every month implementation programme ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.1. Monitoring of disarmament", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the disarmament programme succeed in disarming female ex- combatants? \\n To what extent did the disarmament programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC who registered for disarmament programme \\n 2. % of weapons collected from FXC \\n 3. Number of female staff who were at weapons-collection and -registration sites (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 4. Number of information campaigns conducted specifically to inform women and girls about DDR programmes", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1208, "Sentence":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the disarmament programme succeed in disarming female ex- combatants?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR key question ask n extent disarmament programme succeed disarming female ex combatant" }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.1. Monitoring of disarmament", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the disarmament programme succeed in disarming female ex- combatants? \\n To what extent did the disarmament programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC who registered for disarmament programme \\n 2. % of weapons collected from FXC \\n 3. Number of female staff who were at weapons-collection and -registration sites (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 4. Number of information campaigns conducted specifically to inform women and girls about DDR programmes", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1208, "Sentence":"\\n To what extent did the disarmament programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n extent disarmament programme provide gendersensitive female specific serviceskey measurable indicator n 1 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.1. Monitoring of disarmament", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the disarmament programme succeed in disarming female ex- combatants? \\n To what extent did the disarmament programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC who registered for disarmament programme \\n 2. % of weapons collected from FXC \\n 3. Number of female staff who were at weapons-collection and -registration sites (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 4. Number of information campaigns conducted specifically to inform women and girls about DDR programmes", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1208, "Sentence":"Number of FXC who registered for disarmament programme \\n 2.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number fxc registered disarmament programme n 2 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.1. Monitoring of disarmament", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the disarmament programme succeed in disarming female ex- combatants? \\n To what extent did the disarmament programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC who registered for disarmament programme \\n 2. % of weapons collected from FXC \\n 3. Number of female staff who were at weapons-collection and -registration sites (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 4. Number of information campaigns conducted specifically to inform women and girls about DDR programmes", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1208, "Sentence":"% of weapons collected from FXC \\n 3.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR weapon collected fxc n 3 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.1. Monitoring of disarmament", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the disarmament programme succeed in disarming female ex- combatants? \\n To what extent did the disarmament programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC who registered for disarmament programme \\n 2. % of weapons collected from FXC \\n 3. Number of female staff who were at weapons-collection and -registration sites (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 4. Number of information campaigns conducted specifically to inform women and girls about DDR programmes", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1208, "Sentence":"Number of female staff who were at weapons-collection and -registration sites (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 4.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number female staff weaponscollection registration site e.g . female translator military staff social worker gender adviser n 4 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.1. Monitoring of disarmament", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the disarmament programme succeed in disarming female ex- combatants? \\n To what extent did the disarmament programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC who registered for disarmament programme \\n 2. % of weapons collected from FXC \\n 3. Number of female staff who were at weapons-collection and -registration sites (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 4. Number of information campaigns conducted specifically to inform women and girls about DDR programmes", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1208, "Sentence":"Number of information campaigns conducted specifically to inform women and girls about DDR programmes", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number information campaign conducted specifically inform woman girl ddr programme" }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR key question ask n extent demobilization programme succeed demobilizing female excombatants supporter" }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"\\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n extent demobilization programme provide gendersensitive femalespecific serviceskey measurable indicator n 1 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number fxc f registered demobilization programme n 2 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"% of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f demobilized completed programme per camp n 3 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number demobilization facility created specifically fxc f per camp e.g . toilet clinic n 4 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"% of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f fd allocated femaleonly accommodation facility n 5 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number female staff camp e.g . female translator military staff social worker gender adviser n 6 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number gender training conducted per camp n 5.10 34 integrated disarmament demobilization reintegration standard 1 august 2006 n 7 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR average length time spent gender training n 8 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number fxc f fd participated gender training n 9 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number level genderbased violence reported demobilization camp n 10 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR average length stay fxc f camp n 11 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"% of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f fd received transitional support prepare reintegration e.g ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"health care, food, living allowance, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR health care food living allowance etc ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"\\n 12.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 12 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"% of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f fd received femalespecific assistance package e.g . sanitary napkin female clothes n 13 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"% of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f fd attending femalespecific counselling session n 14 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR average length time spent counselling victim genderbased violence n 15 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number childcare service per camp n 16 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"% of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f fd used childcare service per camp n 17 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR existence medical facility personnel childbirth n 18 ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.2. Monitoring of demobilization", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme succeed in demobilizing female ex-combatants and supporters? \\n To what extent did the demobilization programme provide gender-sensitive and female-specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of FXC and FS who registered for demobilization programme \\n 2. % of FXC and FS who were demobilized (completed the programme) per camp \\n 3. Number of demobilization facilities created specifically for FXC and FS per camp (e.g., toilets, clinic) \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who were allocated to female-only accommodation facilities \\n 5. Number of female staff in each camp (e.g., female translators, military staff, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 6. Number of gender trainings conducted per camp \\n 5.10 34\u2003Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards 1 August 2006 \\n 7. Average length of time spent in gender training \\n 8. Number of FXC, FS and FD who participated in gender training \\n 9. Number and level of gender-based violence reported in each demobilization camp \\n 10. Average length of stay of FXC and FS at each camp \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who received transitional support to prepare for reintegration (e.g. health care, food, living allowance, etc.) \\n 12. % of FXC, FS and FD who received female-specific assistance and package (e.g., sanitary napkins, female clothes) \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD attending female-specific counselling sessions \\n 14. Average length of time spent in counselling for victims of gender-based violence \\n 15. Number of child-care services per camp \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who used child-care services per camp \\n 17. Existence of medical facilities and personnel for childbirth \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1209, "Sentence":"% of FXC, FS and FD who used medical facilities for childbirth", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f fd used medical facility childbirth" }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR key question ask n extent reintegration programme succeed reintegrating female ex combatant supporter dependant" }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"\\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n extent reintegration programme provide gendersensitive female specific serviceskey measurable indicator n 1 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number information\/media campaign conducted community inform community member issue associated fxc f fd n 2 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number information\/media campaign conducted community inform female community member e.g . wife male excombatants benefit n 3 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number fxc f fd registered reintegration programme n 4 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"% of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f fd returned home community n 5 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"% of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f fd went new place rather home community n 6 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number femalespecific transportation service available n 7 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"% of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f fd used transportation service return community n 8 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number vocational training implemented fxc f and\/or fd n 9 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"% of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f fd registered vocational training n 10 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR average length time spent vocational training n 11 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"% of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f fd completed vocational training n 12 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"% of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f incorporated national army police n 13 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"% of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f fd gained ownership land and\/or property n 14 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number microcredit project implemented fxc f and\/or fd n 15 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"% of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f fd received microcredit n 16 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"% of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f fd started incomegenerating activity based microcredit n 17 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number literacy programme implemented fxc f and\/or fd n 18 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"% of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f fd completed literacy programme n 19 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number childcare service created fxc f fd attend training n 20 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"% of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f fd use childcare service n 21 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number communitybased reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted fxc f fd n 22 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"% of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f fd attended communitybased reintegration rituals\/ceremonies n 23 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number female staff community e.g . female translator social worker gender adviser n 24 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number support network created fxc f fd n 25 ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.1. Gender-responsive monitoring of programme performance", "Heading4":"4.1.3. Monitoring of reintegration", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme succeed in reintegrating female ex- combatants, supporters and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme provide gender-sensitive and female- specific services?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform community members of issues associated with FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. Number of information\/media campaigns conducted in each community to inform female community members (e.g., wives of male ex-combatants) of benefits \\n 3. Number of FXC, FS and FD who registered for reintegration programme \\n 4. % of FXC, FS and FD who returned to their home community \\n 5. % of FXC, FS and FD who went to new places rather than home community \\n 6. Number of female-specific transportation services available \\n 7. % of FXC, FS and FD who used those transportation services to return to community \\n 8. Number of vocational trainings implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 9. % of FXC, FS and FD who registered for vocational training \\n 10. Average length of time spent in vocational training \\n 11. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed vocational training \\n 12. % of FXC and FS incorporated into the national army or police \\n 13. % of FXC, FS and FD who gained the ownership of land and\/or other property \\n 14. Number of microcredit projects implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 15. % of FXC, FS and FD who received microcredit \\n 16. % of FXC, FS and FD who started income-generating activities based on microcredit \\n 17. Number of literacy programmes implemented for FXC, FS and\/or FD \\n 18. % of FXC, FS and FD who completed the literacy programmes \\n 19. Number of child-care services created for FXC, FS and FD (so that they can attend trainings) \\n 20. % of FXC, FS and FD who use the child-care services \\n 21. Number of community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies conducted for FXC, FS and FD \\n 22. % of FXC, FS and FD who attended community-based reintegration rituals\/ceremonies \\n 23. Number of female staff in each community (e.g., female translators, social workers, gender advisers) \\n 24. Number of support networks created by FXC, FS and FD \\n 25. % of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1210, "Sentence":"% of FXC, FS and FD who joined support networks", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR fxc f fd joined support network" }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.2. Gender-responsive monitoring of process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine if and to what extent DDR programmes meet the needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants, and to examine the level of participation of women; \\n Process: (1) Reaching the right target population; (2) meeting the needs of stakeholders; (3) the dynamics of participation of stakeholders; \\n Gendered dimensions of process: (1) Reaching female target population; (2) meeting the needs of women and girls; (3) equal participation of women and women\u2019s organi- zations; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three weeks during the implementation of the pro- gramme.\\n To what extent did the DDR programme meet the needs of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs, and dependants? \\n To what extent did the DDR programme encourage and support the participation of women and women\u2019s organizations at each stage of the programme?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among FXC, FS and FD who received benefits and services from the programmes \\n 2. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among programme staff, including gender advisers \\n 3. Number of and level of complaints that programme staff received from FXC, FS and FD \\n 4. % of female participants at the peace process\/negotiation (should be at least 30 percent \u2014 internationally agreed) \\n 5. % of female participants at the risk\/need assessment \\n 6. Number of FXC, FS and FD who were interviewed during the risk\/need assessment \\n 7. Number of local women and\/or women\u2019s organizations that were interviewed by programme staff to collection information on trading routes and hidden small arms and light weapons \\n 8. Number of women\u2019s organizations that participated in monitoring weapons collection and destruction \\n 9. Number of female leaders and women\u2019s organizations that participated in the planning and\/or implementation of reintegration programme \\n 10. Number of DDR programme meetings that included female leaders and women\u2019s organizations", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1211, "Sentence":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine if and to what extent DDR programmes meet the needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants, and to examine the level of participation of women; \\n Process: (1) Reaching the right target population; (2) meeting the needs of stakeholders; (3) the dynamics of participation of stakeholders; \\n Gendered dimensions of process: (1) Reaching female target population; (2) meeting the needs of women and girls; (3) equal participation of women and women\u2019s organi- zations; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three weeks during the implementation of the pro- gramme.\\n To what extent did the DDR programme meet the needs of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs, and dependants?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR purpose evaluation examine extent ddr programme meet need female excombatants supporter dependant examine level participation woman n process 1 reaching right target population 2 meeting need stakeholder 3 dynamic participation stakeholder n gendered dimension process 1 reaching female target population 2 meeting need woman girl 3 equal participation woman woman \u2019 organi zations n data collection frequency every three week implementation pro gramme.n extent ddr programme meet need female excombatants faagfs dependant" }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.2. Gender-responsive monitoring of process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine if and to what extent DDR programmes meet the needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants, and to examine the level of participation of women; \\n Process: (1) Reaching the right target population; (2) meeting the needs of stakeholders; (3) the dynamics of participation of stakeholders; \\n Gendered dimensions of process: (1) Reaching female target population; (2) meeting the needs of women and girls; (3) equal participation of women and women\u2019s organi- zations; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three weeks during the implementation of the pro- gramme.\\n To what extent did the DDR programme meet the needs of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs, and dependants? \\n To what extent did the DDR programme encourage and support the participation of women and women\u2019s organizations at each stage of the programme?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among FXC, FS and FD who received benefits and services from the programmes \\n 2. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among programme staff, including gender advisers \\n 3. Number of and level of complaints that programme staff received from FXC, FS and FD \\n 4. % of female participants at the peace process\/negotiation (should be at least 30 percent \u2014 internationally agreed) \\n 5. % of female participants at the risk\/need assessment \\n 6. Number of FXC, FS and FD who were interviewed during the risk\/need assessment \\n 7. Number of local women and\/or women\u2019s organizations that were interviewed by programme staff to collection information on trading routes and hidden small arms and light weapons \\n 8. Number of women\u2019s organizations that participated in monitoring weapons collection and destruction \\n 9. Number of female leaders and women\u2019s organizations that participated in the planning and\/or implementation of reintegration programme \\n 10. Number of DDR programme meetings that included female leaders and women\u2019s organizations", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1211, "Sentence":"\\n To what extent did the DDR programme encourage and support the participation of women and women\u2019s organizations at each stage of the programme?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n extent ddr programme encourage support participation woman woman \u2019 organization stage programmekey measurable indicator n 1 ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.2. Gender-responsive monitoring of process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine if and to what extent DDR programmes meet the needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants, and to examine the level of participation of women; \\n Process: (1) Reaching the right target population; (2) meeting the needs of stakeholders; (3) the dynamics of participation of stakeholders; \\n Gendered dimensions of process: (1) Reaching female target population; (2) meeting the needs of women and girls; (3) equal participation of women and women\u2019s organi- zations; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three weeks during the implementation of the pro- gramme.\\n To what extent did the DDR programme meet the needs of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs, and dependants? \\n To what extent did the DDR programme encourage and support the participation of women and women\u2019s organizations at each stage of the programme?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among FXC, FS and FD who received benefits and services from the programmes \\n 2. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among programme staff, including gender advisers \\n 3. Number of and level of complaints that programme staff received from FXC, FS and FD \\n 4. % of female participants at the peace process\/negotiation (should be at least 30 percent \u2014 internationally agreed) \\n 5. % of female participants at the risk\/need assessment \\n 6. Number of FXC, FS and FD who were interviewed during the risk\/need assessment \\n 7. Number of local women and\/or women\u2019s organizations that were interviewed by programme staff to collection information on trading routes and hidden small arms and light weapons \\n 8. Number of women\u2019s organizations that participated in monitoring weapons collection and destruction \\n 9. Number of female leaders and women\u2019s organizations that participated in the planning and\/or implementation of reintegration programme \\n 10. Number of DDR programme meetings that included female leaders and women\u2019s organizations", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1211, "Sentence":"Level of satisfaction (ranking) among FXC, FS and FD who received benefits and services from the programmes \\n 2.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR level satisfaction ranking among fxc f fd received benefit service programme n 2 ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.2. Gender-responsive monitoring of process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine if and to what extent DDR programmes meet the needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants, and to examine the level of participation of women; \\n Process: (1) Reaching the right target population; (2) meeting the needs of stakeholders; (3) the dynamics of participation of stakeholders; \\n Gendered dimensions of process: (1) Reaching female target population; (2) meeting the needs of women and girls; (3) equal participation of women and women\u2019s organi- zations; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three weeks during the implementation of the pro- gramme.\\n To what extent did the DDR programme meet the needs of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs, and dependants? \\n To what extent did the DDR programme encourage and support the participation of women and women\u2019s organizations at each stage of the programme?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among FXC, FS and FD who received benefits and services from the programmes \\n 2. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among programme staff, including gender advisers \\n 3. Number of and level of complaints that programme staff received from FXC, FS and FD \\n 4. % of female participants at the peace process\/negotiation (should be at least 30 percent \u2014 internationally agreed) \\n 5. % of female participants at the risk\/need assessment \\n 6. Number of FXC, FS and FD who were interviewed during the risk\/need assessment \\n 7. Number of local women and\/or women\u2019s organizations that were interviewed by programme staff to collection information on trading routes and hidden small arms and light weapons \\n 8. Number of women\u2019s organizations that participated in monitoring weapons collection and destruction \\n 9. Number of female leaders and women\u2019s organizations that participated in the planning and\/or implementation of reintegration programme \\n 10. Number of DDR programme meetings that included female leaders and women\u2019s organizations", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1211, "Sentence":"Level of satisfaction (ranking) among programme staff, including gender advisers \\n 3.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR level satisfaction ranking among programme staff including gender adviser n 3 ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.2. Gender-responsive monitoring of process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine if and to what extent DDR programmes meet the needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants, and to examine the level of participation of women; \\n Process: (1) Reaching the right target population; (2) meeting the needs of stakeholders; (3) the dynamics of participation of stakeholders; \\n Gendered dimensions of process: (1) Reaching female target population; (2) meeting the needs of women and girls; (3) equal participation of women and women\u2019s organi- zations; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three weeks during the implementation of the pro- gramme.\\n To what extent did the DDR programme meet the needs of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs, and dependants? \\n To what extent did the DDR programme encourage and support the participation of women and women\u2019s organizations at each stage of the programme?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among FXC, FS and FD who received benefits and services from the programmes \\n 2. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among programme staff, including gender advisers \\n 3. Number of and level of complaints that programme staff received from FXC, FS and FD \\n 4. % of female participants at the peace process\/negotiation (should be at least 30 percent \u2014 internationally agreed) \\n 5. % of female participants at the risk\/need assessment \\n 6. Number of FXC, FS and FD who were interviewed during the risk\/need assessment \\n 7. Number of local women and\/or women\u2019s organizations that were interviewed by programme staff to collection information on trading routes and hidden small arms and light weapons \\n 8. Number of women\u2019s organizations that participated in monitoring weapons collection and destruction \\n 9. Number of female leaders and women\u2019s organizations that participated in the planning and\/or implementation of reintegration programme \\n 10. Number of DDR programme meetings that included female leaders and women\u2019s organizations", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1211, "Sentence":"Number of and level of complaints that programme staff received from FXC, FS and FD \\n 4.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number level complaint programme staff received fxc f fd n 4 ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.2. Gender-responsive monitoring of process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine if and to what extent DDR programmes meet the needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants, and to examine the level of participation of women; \\n Process: (1) Reaching the right target population; (2) meeting the needs of stakeholders; (3) the dynamics of participation of stakeholders; \\n Gendered dimensions of process: (1) Reaching female target population; (2) meeting the needs of women and girls; (3) equal participation of women and women\u2019s organi- zations; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three weeks during the implementation of the pro- gramme.\\n To what extent did the DDR programme meet the needs of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs, and dependants? \\n To what extent did the DDR programme encourage and support the participation of women and women\u2019s organizations at each stage of the programme?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among FXC, FS and FD who received benefits and services from the programmes \\n 2. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among programme staff, including gender advisers \\n 3. Number of and level of complaints that programme staff received from FXC, FS and FD \\n 4. % of female participants at the peace process\/negotiation (should be at least 30 percent \u2014 internationally agreed) \\n 5. % of female participants at the risk\/need assessment \\n 6. Number of FXC, FS and FD who were interviewed during the risk\/need assessment \\n 7. Number of local women and\/or women\u2019s organizations that were interviewed by programme staff to collection information on trading routes and hidden small arms and light weapons \\n 8. Number of women\u2019s organizations that participated in monitoring weapons collection and destruction \\n 9. Number of female leaders and women\u2019s organizations that participated in the planning and\/or implementation of reintegration programme \\n 10. Number of DDR programme meetings that included female leaders and women\u2019s organizations", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1211, "Sentence":"% of female participants at the peace process\/negotiation (should be at least 30 percent \u2014 internationally agreed) \\n 5.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR female participant peace process\/negotiation least 30 percent \u2014 internationally agreed n 5 ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.2. Gender-responsive monitoring of process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine if and to what extent DDR programmes meet the needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants, and to examine the level of participation of women; \\n Process: (1) Reaching the right target population; (2) meeting the needs of stakeholders; (3) the dynamics of participation of stakeholders; \\n Gendered dimensions of process: (1) Reaching female target population; (2) meeting the needs of women and girls; (3) equal participation of women and women\u2019s organi- zations; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three weeks during the implementation of the pro- gramme.\\n To what extent did the DDR programme meet the needs of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs, and dependants? \\n To what extent did the DDR programme encourage and support the participation of women and women\u2019s organizations at each stage of the programme?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among FXC, FS and FD who received benefits and services from the programmes \\n 2. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among programme staff, including gender advisers \\n 3. Number of and level of complaints that programme staff received from FXC, FS and FD \\n 4. % of female participants at the peace process\/negotiation (should be at least 30 percent \u2014 internationally agreed) \\n 5. % of female participants at the risk\/need assessment \\n 6. Number of FXC, FS and FD who were interviewed during the risk\/need assessment \\n 7. Number of local women and\/or women\u2019s organizations that were interviewed by programme staff to collection information on trading routes and hidden small arms and light weapons \\n 8. Number of women\u2019s organizations that participated in monitoring weapons collection and destruction \\n 9. Number of female leaders and women\u2019s organizations that participated in the planning and\/or implementation of reintegration programme \\n 10. Number of DDR programme meetings that included female leaders and women\u2019s organizations", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1211, "Sentence":"% of female participants at the risk\/need assessment \\n 6.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR female participant risk\/need assessment n 6 ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.2. Gender-responsive monitoring of process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine if and to what extent DDR programmes meet the needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants, and to examine the level of participation of women; \\n Process: (1) Reaching the right target population; (2) meeting the needs of stakeholders; (3) the dynamics of participation of stakeholders; \\n Gendered dimensions of process: (1) Reaching female target population; (2) meeting the needs of women and girls; (3) equal participation of women and women\u2019s organi- zations; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three weeks during the implementation of the pro- gramme.\\n To what extent did the DDR programme meet the needs of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs, and dependants? \\n To what extent did the DDR programme encourage and support the participation of women and women\u2019s organizations at each stage of the programme?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among FXC, FS and FD who received benefits and services from the programmes \\n 2. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among programme staff, including gender advisers \\n 3. Number of and level of complaints that programme staff received from FXC, FS and FD \\n 4. % of female participants at the peace process\/negotiation (should be at least 30 percent \u2014 internationally agreed) \\n 5. % of female participants at the risk\/need assessment \\n 6. Number of FXC, FS and FD who were interviewed during the risk\/need assessment \\n 7. Number of local women and\/or women\u2019s organizations that were interviewed by programme staff to collection information on trading routes and hidden small arms and light weapons \\n 8. Number of women\u2019s organizations that participated in monitoring weapons collection and destruction \\n 9. Number of female leaders and women\u2019s organizations that participated in the planning and\/or implementation of reintegration programme \\n 10. Number of DDR programme meetings that included female leaders and women\u2019s organizations", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1211, "Sentence":"Number of FXC, FS and FD who were interviewed during the risk\/need assessment \\n 7.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number fxc f fd interviewed risk\/need assessment n 7 ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.2. Gender-responsive monitoring of process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine if and to what extent DDR programmes meet the needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants, and to examine the level of participation of women; \\n Process: (1) Reaching the right target population; (2) meeting the needs of stakeholders; (3) the dynamics of participation of stakeholders; \\n Gendered dimensions of process: (1) Reaching female target population; (2) meeting the needs of women and girls; (3) equal participation of women and women\u2019s organi- zations; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three weeks during the implementation of the pro- gramme.\\n To what extent did the DDR programme meet the needs of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs, and dependants? \\n To what extent did the DDR programme encourage and support the participation of women and women\u2019s organizations at each stage of the programme?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among FXC, FS and FD who received benefits and services from the programmes \\n 2. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among programme staff, including gender advisers \\n 3. Number of and level of complaints that programme staff received from FXC, FS and FD \\n 4. % of female participants at the peace process\/negotiation (should be at least 30 percent \u2014 internationally agreed) \\n 5. % of female participants at the risk\/need assessment \\n 6. Number of FXC, FS and FD who were interviewed during the risk\/need assessment \\n 7. Number of local women and\/or women\u2019s organizations that were interviewed by programme staff to collection information on trading routes and hidden small arms and light weapons \\n 8. Number of women\u2019s organizations that participated in monitoring weapons collection and destruction \\n 9. Number of female leaders and women\u2019s organizations that participated in the planning and\/or implementation of reintegration programme \\n 10. Number of DDR programme meetings that included female leaders and women\u2019s organizations", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1211, "Sentence":"Number of local women and\/or women\u2019s organizations that were interviewed by programme staff to collection information on trading routes and hidden small arms and light weapons \\n 8.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number local woman and\/or woman \u2019 organization interviewed programme staff collection information trading route hidden small arm light weapon n 8 ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.2. Gender-responsive monitoring of process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine if and to what extent DDR programmes meet the needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants, and to examine the level of participation of women; \\n Process: (1) Reaching the right target population; (2) meeting the needs of stakeholders; (3) the dynamics of participation of stakeholders; \\n Gendered dimensions of process: (1) Reaching female target population; (2) meeting the needs of women and girls; (3) equal participation of women and women\u2019s organi- zations; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three weeks during the implementation of the pro- gramme.\\n To what extent did the DDR programme meet the needs of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs, and dependants? \\n To what extent did the DDR programme encourage and support the participation of women and women\u2019s organizations at each stage of the programme?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among FXC, FS and FD who received benefits and services from the programmes \\n 2. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among programme staff, including gender advisers \\n 3. Number of and level of complaints that programme staff received from FXC, FS and FD \\n 4. % of female participants at the peace process\/negotiation (should be at least 30 percent \u2014 internationally agreed) \\n 5. % of female participants at the risk\/need assessment \\n 6. Number of FXC, FS and FD who were interviewed during the risk\/need assessment \\n 7. Number of local women and\/or women\u2019s organizations that were interviewed by programme staff to collection information on trading routes and hidden small arms and light weapons \\n 8. Number of women\u2019s organizations that participated in monitoring weapons collection and destruction \\n 9. Number of female leaders and women\u2019s organizations that participated in the planning and\/or implementation of reintegration programme \\n 10. Number of DDR programme meetings that included female leaders and women\u2019s organizations", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1211, "Sentence":"Number of women\u2019s organizations that participated in monitoring weapons collection and destruction \\n 9.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number woman \u2019 organization participated monitoring weapon collection destruction n 9 ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.2. Gender-responsive monitoring of process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine if and to what extent DDR programmes meet the needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants, and to examine the level of participation of women; \\n Process: (1) Reaching the right target population; (2) meeting the needs of stakeholders; (3) the dynamics of participation of stakeholders; \\n Gendered dimensions of process: (1) Reaching female target population; (2) meeting the needs of women and girls; (3) equal participation of women and women\u2019s organi- zations; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three weeks during the implementation of the pro- gramme.\\n To what extent did the DDR programme meet the needs of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs, and dependants? \\n To what extent did the DDR programme encourage and support the participation of women and women\u2019s organizations at each stage of the programme?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among FXC, FS and FD who received benefits and services from the programmes \\n 2. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among programme staff, including gender advisers \\n 3. Number of and level of complaints that programme staff received from FXC, FS and FD \\n 4. % of female participants at the peace process\/negotiation (should be at least 30 percent \u2014 internationally agreed) \\n 5. % of female participants at the risk\/need assessment \\n 6. Number of FXC, FS and FD who were interviewed during the risk\/need assessment \\n 7. Number of local women and\/or women\u2019s organizations that were interviewed by programme staff to collection information on trading routes and hidden small arms and light weapons \\n 8. Number of women\u2019s organizations that participated in monitoring weapons collection and destruction \\n 9. Number of female leaders and women\u2019s organizations that participated in the planning and\/or implementation of reintegration programme \\n 10. Number of DDR programme meetings that included female leaders and women\u2019s organizations", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1211, "Sentence":"Number of female leaders and women\u2019s organizations that participated in the planning and\/or implementation of reintegration programme \\n 10.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number female leader woman \u2019 organization participated planning and\/or implementation reintegration programme n 10 ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.2. Gender-responsive monitoring of process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine if and to what extent DDR programmes meet the needs of female ex-combatants, supporters and dependants, and to examine the level of participation of women; \\n Process: (1) Reaching the right target population; (2) meeting the needs of stakeholders; (3) the dynamics of participation of stakeholders; \\n Gendered dimensions of process: (1) Reaching female target population; (2) meeting the needs of women and girls; (3) equal participation of women and women\u2019s organi- zations; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three weeks during the implementation of the pro- gramme.\\n To what extent did the DDR programme meet the needs of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs, and dependants? \\n To what extent did the DDR programme encourage and support the participation of women and women\u2019s organizations at each stage of the programme?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among FXC, FS and FD who received benefits and services from the programmes \\n 2. Level of satisfaction (ranking) among programme staff, including gender advisers \\n 3. Number of and level of complaints that programme staff received from FXC, FS and FD \\n 4. % of female participants at the peace process\/negotiation (should be at least 30 percent \u2014 internationally agreed) \\n 5. % of female participants at the risk\/need assessment \\n 6. Number of FXC, FS and FD who were interviewed during the risk\/need assessment \\n 7. Number of local women and\/or women\u2019s organizations that were interviewed by programme staff to collection information on trading routes and hidden small arms and light weapons \\n 8. Number of women\u2019s organizations that participated in monitoring weapons collection and destruction \\n 9. Number of female leaders and women\u2019s organizations that participated in the planning and\/or implementation of reintegration programme \\n 10. Number of DDR programme meetings that included female leaders and women\u2019s organizations", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1211, "Sentence":"Number of DDR programme meetings that included female leaders and women\u2019s organizations", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number ddr programme meeting included female leader woman \u2019 organization" }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.3. Gender-responsive evaluation of outcomes\/results", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the contribution of DDR programmes to the creation of security for female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Outcomes and intermediate results: (1) Capacity-building of ex-combatants and com- munity members; (2) human security; (3) social capital; \\n Gender dimensions of outcomes: (1) Reduction of gender-based violence and dis- crimination against women and girls; (2) human security for women and girls; (3) capacity-building of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three months upon the completion of programme.Key question to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme increase human security (physical, psycho- logical, economic, social, political, cultural) for female ex-combatants, FAAFGs and dependants?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of female deaths, injuries, abductions, rapes and domestic violence cases reported among FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who initiated and are maintaining income-generating activities \\n 3. % change in the number of FXC and FS who joined the police services \\n 4. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in peace-building activities \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have access to health services (including counselling, contraceptives, family planning) \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in political activities \\n 7. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in cultural activities \\n 8. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in public\/community meetings \\n 9. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have a higher level of self-confidence \\n 10. % change in the HIV and other sexually transmitted disease infection rate among FXC, FS and FD \\n 11. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel safe to live in their community \\n 12. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel threatened by something or someone \\n 13. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel a sense of belonging to their community", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1212, "Sentence":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the contribution of DDR programmes to the creation of security for female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Outcomes and intermediate results: (1) Capacity-building of ex-combatants and com- munity members; (2) human security; (3) social capital; \\n Gender dimensions of outcomes: (1) Reduction of gender-based violence and dis- crimination against women and girls; (2) human security for women and girls; (3) capacity-building of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three months upon the completion of programme.Key question to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme increase human security (physical, psycho- logical, economic, social, political, cultural) for female ex-combatants, FAAFGs and dependants?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR purpose evaluation examine contribution ddr programme creation security female excombatants faagfs dependant n outcome intermediate result 1 capacitybuilding excombatants com munity member 2 human security 3 social capital n gender dimension outcome 1 reduction genderbased violence dis crimination woman girl 2 human security woman girl 3 capacitybuilding female excombatants faagfs dependant n data collection frequency every three month upon completion programme.key question ask n extent ddr programme increase human security physical psycho logical economic social political cultural female excombatants faafgs dependantskey measurable indicator compared baseline data n 1 ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.3. Gender-responsive evaluation of outcomes\/results", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the contribution of DDR programmes to the creation of security for female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Outcomes and intermediate results: (1) Capacity-building of ex-combatants and com- munity members; (2) human security; (3) social capital; \\n Gender dimensions of outcomes: (1) Reduction of gender-based violence and dis- crimination against women and girls; (2) human security for women and girls; (3) capacity-building of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three months upon the completion of programme.Key question to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme increase human security (physical, psycho- logical, economic, social, political, cultural) for female ex-combatants, FAAFGs and dependants?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of female deaths, injuries, abductions, rapes and domestic violence cases reported among FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who initiated and are maintaining income-generating activities \\n 3. % change in the number of FXC and FS who joined the police services \\n 4. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in peace-building activities \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have access to health services (including counselling, contraceptives, family planning) \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in political activities \\n 7. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in cultural activities \\n 8. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in public\/community meetings \\n 9. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have a higher level of self-confidence \\n 10. % change in the HIV and other sexually transmitted disease infection rate among FXC, FS and FD \\n 11. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel safe to live in their community \\n 12. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel threatened by something or someone \\n 13. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel a sense of belonging to their community", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1212, "Sentence":"% change in the number of female deaths, injuries, abductions, rapes and domestic violence cases reported among FXC, FS and FD \\n 2.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number female death injury abduction rape domestic violence case reported among fxc f fd n 2 ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.3. Gender-responsive evaluation of outcomes\/results", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the contribution of DDR programmes to the creation of security for female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Outcomes and intermediate results: (1) Capacity-building of ex-combatants and com- munity members; (2) human security; (3) social capital; \\n Gender dimensions of outcomes: (1) Reduction of gender-based violence and dis- crimination against women and girls; (2) human security for women and girls; (3) capacity-building of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three months upon the completion of programme.Key question to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme increase human security (physical, psycho- logical, economic, social, political, cultural) for female ex-combatants, FAAFGs and dependants?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of female deaths, injuries, abductions, rapes and domestic violence cases reported among FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who initiated and are maintaining income-generating activities \\n 3. % change in the number of FXC and FS who joined the police services \\n 4. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in peace-building activities \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have access to health services (including counselling, contraceptives, family planning) \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in political activities \\n 7. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in cultural activities \\n 8. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in public\/community meetings \\n 9. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have a higher level of self-confidence \\n 10. % change in the HIV and other sexually transmitted disease infection rate among FXC, FS and FD \\n 11. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel safe to live in their community \\n 12. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel threatened by something or someone \\n 13. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel a sense of belonging to their community", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1212, "Sentence":"% change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who initiated and are maintaining income-generating activities \\n 3.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number fxc f fd initiated maintaining incomegenerating activity n 3 ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.3. Gender-responsive evaluation of outcomes\/results", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the contribution of DDR programmes to the creation of security for female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Outcomes and intermediate results: (1) Capacity-building of ex-combatants and com- munity members; (2) human security; (3) social capital; \\n Gender dimensions of outcomes: (1) Reduction of gender-based violence and dis- crimination against women and girls; (2) human security for women and girls; (3) capacity-building of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three months upon the completion of programme.Key question to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme increase human security (physical, psycho- logical, economic, social, political, cultural) for female ex-combatants, FAAFGs and dependants?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of female deaths, injuries, abductions, rapes and domestic violence cases reported among FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who initiated and are maintaining income-generating activities \\n 3. % change in the number of FXC and FS who joined the police services \\n 4. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in peace-building activities \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have access to health services (including counselling, contraceptives, family planning) \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in political activities \\n 7. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in cultural activities \\n 8. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in public\/community meetings \\n 9. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have a higher level of self-confidence \\n 10. % change in the HIV and other sexually transmitted disease infection rate among FXC, FS and FD \\n 11. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel safe to live in their community \\n 12. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel threatened by something or someone \\n 13. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel a sense of belonging to their community", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1212, "Sentence":"% change in the number of FXC and FS who joined the police services \\n 4.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number fxc f joined police service n 4 ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.3. Gender-responsive evaluation of outcomes\/results", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the contribution of DDR programmes to the creation of security for female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Outcomes and intermediate results: (1) Capacity-building of ex-combatants and com- munity members; (2) human security; (3) social capital; \\n Gender dimensions of outcomes: (1) Reduction of gender-based violence and dis- crimination against women and girls; (2) human security for women and girls; (3) capacity-building of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three months upon the completion of programme.Key question to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme increase human security (physical, psycho- logical, economic, social, political, cultural) for female ex-combatants, FAAFGs and dependants?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of female deaths, injuries, abductions, rapes and domestic violence cases reported among FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who initiated and are maintaining income-generating activities \\n 3. % change in the number of FXC and FS who joined the police services \\n 4. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in peace-building activities \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have access to health services (including counselling, contraceptives, family planning) \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in political activities \\n 7. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in cultural activities \\n 8. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in public\/community meetings \\n 9. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have a higher level of self-confidence \\n 10. % change in the HIV and other sexually transmitted disease infection rate among FXC, FS and FD \\n 11. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel safe to live in their community \\n 12. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel threatened by something or someone \\n 13. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel a sense of belonging to their community", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1212, "Sentence":"% change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in peace-building activities \\n 5.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number fxc f fd participating peacebuilding activity n 5 ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.3. Gender-responsive evaluation of outcomes\/results", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the contribution of DDR programmes to the creation of security for female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Outcomes and intermediate results: (1) Capacity-building of ex-combatants and com- munity members; (2) human security; (3) social capital; \\n Gender dimensions of outcomes: (1) Reduction of gender-based violence and dis- crimination against women and girls; (2) human security for women and girls; (3) capacity-building of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three months upon the completion of programme.Key question to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme increase human security (physical, psycho- logical, economic, social, political, cultural) for female ex-combatants, FAAFGs and dependants?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of female deaths, injuries, abductions, rapes and domestic violence cases reported among FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who initiated and are maintaining income-generating activities \\n 3. % change in the number of FXC and FS who joined the police services \\n 4. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in peace-building activities \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have access to health services (including counselling, contraceptives, family planning) \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in political activities \\n 7. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in cultural activities \\n 8. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in public\/community meetings \\n 9. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have a higher level of self-confidence \\n 10. % change in the HIV and other sexually transmitted disease infection rate among FXC, FS and FD \\n 11. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel safe to live in their community \\n 12. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel threatened by something or someone \\n 13. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel a sense of belonging to their community", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1212, "Sentence":"% change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have access to health services (including counselling, contraceptives, family planning) \\n 6.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number fxc f fd access health service including counselling contraceptive family planning n 6 ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.3. Gender-responsive evaluation of outcomes\/results", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the contribution of DDR programmes to the creation of security for female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Outcomes and intermediate results: (1) Capacity-building of ex-combatants and com- munity members; (2) human security; (3) social capital; \\n Gender dimensions of outcomes: (1) Reduction of gender-based violence and dis- crimination against women and girls; (2) human security for women and girls; (3) capacity-building of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three months upon the completion of programme.Key question to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme increase human security (physical, psycho- logical, economic, social, political, cultural) for female ex-combatants, FAAFGs and dependants?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of female deaths, injuries, abductions, rapes and domestic violence cases reported among FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who initiated and are maintaining income-generating activities \\n 3. % change in the number of FXC and FS who joined the police services \\n 4. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in peace-building activities \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have access to health services (including counselling, contraceptives, family planning) \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in political activities \\n 7. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in cultural activities \\n 8. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in public\/community meetings \\n 9. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have a higher level of self-confidence \\n 10. % change in the HIV and other sexually transmitted disease infection rate among FXC, FS and FD \\n 11. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel safe to live in their community \\n 12. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel threatened by something or someone \\n 13. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel a sense of belonging to their community", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1212, "Sentence":"% change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in political activities \\n 7.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number fxc f fd participating political activity n 7 ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.3. Gender-responsive evaluation of outcomes\/results", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the contribution of DDR programmes to the creation of security for female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Outcomes and intermediate results: (1) Capacity-building of ex-combatants and com- munity members; (2) human security; (3) social capital; \\n Gender dimensions of outcomes: (1) Reduction of gender-based violence and dis- crimination against women and girls; (2) human security for women and girls; (3) capacity-building of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three months upon the completion of programme.Key question to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme increase human security (physical, psycho- logical, economic, social, political, cultural) for female ex-combatants, FAAFGs and dependants?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of female deaths, injuries, abductions, rapes and domestic violence cases reported among FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who initiated and are maintaining income-generating activities \\n 3. % change in the number of FXC and FS who joined the police services \\n 4. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in peace-building activities \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have access to health services (including counselling, contraceptives, family planning) \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in political activities \\n 7. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in cultural activities \\n 8. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in public\/community meetings \\n 9. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have a higher level of self-confidence \\n 10. % change in the HIV and other sexually transmitted disease infection rate among FXC, FS and FD \\n 11. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel safe to live in their community \\n 12. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel threatened by something or someone \\n 13. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel a sense of belonging to their community", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1212, "Sentence":"% change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in cultural activities \\n 8.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number fxc f fd participating cultural activity n 8 ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.3. Gender-responsive evaluation of outcomes\/results", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the contribution of DDR programmes to the creation of security for female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Outcomes and intermediate results: (1) Capacity-building of ex-combatants and com- munity members; (2) human security; (3) social capital; \\n Gender dimensions of outcomes: (1) Reduction of gender-based violence and dis- crimination against women and girls; (2) human security for women and girls; (3) capacity-building of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three months upon the completion of programme.Key question to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme increase human security (physical, psycho- logical, economic, social, political, cultural) for female ex-combatants, FAAFGs and dependants?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of female deaths, injuries, abductions, rapes and domestic violence cases reported among FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who initiated and are maintaining income-generating activities \\n 3. % change in the number of FXC and FS who joined the police services \\n 4. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in peace-building activities \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have access to health services (including counselling, contraceptives, family planning) \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in political activities \\n 7. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in cultural activities \\n 8. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in public\/community meetings \\n 9. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have a higher level of self-confidence \\n 10. % change in the HIV and other sexually transmitted disease infection rate among FXC, FS and FD \\n 11. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel safe to live in their community \\n 12. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel threatened by something or someone \\n 13. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel a sense of belonging to their community", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1212, "Sentence":"% change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in public\/community meetings \\n 9.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number fxc f fd participating public\/community meeting n 9 ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.3. Gender-responsive evaluation of outcomes\/results", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the contribution of DDR programmes to the creation of security for female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Outcomes and intermediate results: (1) Capacity-building of ex-combatants and com- munity members; (2) human security; (3) social capital; \\n Gender dimensions of outcomes: (1) Reduction of gender-based violence and dis- crimination against women and girls; (2) human security for women and girls; (3) capacity-building of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three months upon the completion of programme.Key question to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme increase human security (physical, psycho- logical, economic, social, political, cultural) for female ex-combatants, FAAFGs and dependants?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of female deaths, injuries, abductions, rapes and domestic violence cases reported among FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who initiated and are maintaining income-generating activities \\n 3. % change in the number of FXC and FS who joined the police services \\n 4. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in peace-building activities \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have access to health services (including counselling, contraceptives, family planning) \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in political activities \\n 7. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in cultural activities \\n 8. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in public\/community meetings \\n 9. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have a higher level of self-confidence \\n 10. % change in the HIV and other sexually transmitted disease infection rate among FXC, FS and FD \\n 11. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel safe to live in their community \\n 12. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel threatened by something or someone \\n 13. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel a sense of belonging to their community", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1212, "Sentence":"% change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have a higher level of self-confidence \\n 10.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number fxc f fd higher level selfconfidence n 10 ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.3. Gender-responsive evaluation of outcomes\/results", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the contribution of DDR programmes to the creation of security for female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Outcomes and intermediate results: (1) Capacity-building of ex-combatants and com- munity members; (2) human security; (3) social capital; \\n Gender dimensions of outcomes: (1) Reduction of gender-based violence and dis- crimination against women and girls; (2) human security for women and girls; (3) capacity-building of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three months upon the completion of programme.Key question to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme increase human security (physical, psycho- logical, economic, social, political, cultural) for female ex-combatants, FAAFGs and dependants?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of female deaths, injuries, abductions, rapes and domestic violence cases reported among FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who initiated and are maintaining income-generating activities \\n 3. % change in the number of FXC and FS who joined the police services \\n 4. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in peace-building activities \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have access to health services (including counselling, contraceptives, family planning) \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in political activities \\n 7. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in cultural activities \\n 8. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in public\/community meetings \\n 9. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have a higher level of self-confidence \\n 10. % change in the HIV and other sexually transmitted disease infection rate among FXC, FS and FD \\n 11. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel safe to live in their community \\n 12. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel threatened by something or someone \\n 13. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel a sense of belonging to their community", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1212, "Sentence":"% change in the HIV and other sexually transmitted disease infection rate among FXC, FS and FD \\n 11.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change hiv sexually transmitted disease infection rate among fxc f fd n 11 ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.3. Gender-responsive evaluation of outcomes\/results", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the contribution of DDR programmes to the creation of security for female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Outcomes and intermediate results: (1) Capacity-building of ex-combatants and com- munity members; (2) human security; (3) social capital; \\n Gender dimensions of outcomes: (1) Reduction of gender-based violence and dis- crimination against women and girls; (2) human security for women and girls; (3) capacity-building of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three months upon the completion of programme.Key question to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme increase human security (physical, psycho- logical, economic, social, political, cultural) for female ex-combatants, FAAFGs and dependants?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of female deaths, injuries, abductions, rapes and domestic violence cases reported among FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who initiated and are maintaining income-generating activities \\n 3. % change in the number of FXC and FS who joined the police services \\n 4. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in peace-building activities \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have access to health services (including counselling, contraceptives, family planning) \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in political activities \\n 7. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in cultural activities \\n 8. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in public\/community meetings \\n 9. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have a higher level of self-confidence \\n 10. % change in the HIV and other sexually transmitted disease infection rate among FXC, FS and FD \\n 11. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel safe to live in their community \\n 12. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel threatened by something or someone \\n 13. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel a sense of belonging to their community", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1212, "Sentence":"% change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel safe to live in their community \\n 12.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number fxc f fd feel safe live community n 12 ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.3. Gender-responsive evaluation of outcomes\/results", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the contribution of DDR programmes to the creation of security for female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Outcomes and intermediate results: (1) Capacity-building of ex-combatants and com- munity members; (2) human security; (3) social capital; \\n Gender dimensions of outcomes: (1) Reduction of gender-based violence and dis- crimination against women and girls; (2) human security for women and girls; (3) capacity-building of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three months upon the completion of programme.Key question to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme increase human security (physical, psycho- logical, economic, social, political, cultural) for female ex-combatants, FAAFGs and dependants?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of female deaths, injuries, abductions, rapes and domestic violence cases reported among FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who initiated and are maintaining income-generating activities \\n 3. % change in the number of FXC and FS who joined the police services \\n 4. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in peace-building activities \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have access to health services (including counselling, contraceptives, family planning) \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in political activities \\n 7. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in cultural activities \\n 8. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in public\/community meetings \\n 9. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have a higher level of self-confidence \\n 10. % change in the HIV and other sexually transmitted disease infection rate among FXC, FS and FD \\n 11. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel safe to live in their community \\n 12. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel threatened by something or someone \\n 13. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel a sense of belonging to their community", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1212, "Sentence":"% change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel threatened by something or someone \\n 13.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number fxc f fd feel threatened something someone n 13 ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.3. Gender-responsive evaluation of outcomes\/results", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the contribution of DDR programmes to the creation of security for female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Outcomes and intermediate results: (1) Capacity-building of ex-combatants and com- munity members; (2) human security; (3) social capital; \\n Gender dimensions of outcomes: (1) Reduction of gender-based violence and dis- crimination against women and girls; (2) human security for women and girls; (3) capacity-building of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; \\n Data collection frequency: Every three months upon the completion of programme.Key question to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme increase human security (physical, psycho- logical, economic, social, political, cultural) for female ex-combatants, FAAFGs and dependants?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of female deaths, injuries, abductions, rapes and domestic violence cases reported among FXC, FS and FD \\n 2. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who initiated and are maintaining income-generating activities \\n 3. % change in the number of FXC and FS who joined the police services \\n 4. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in peace-building activities \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have access to health services (including counselling, contraceptives, family planning) \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in political activities \\n 7. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in cultural activities \\n 8. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are participating in public\/community meetings \\n 9. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who have a higher level of self-confidence \\n 10. % change in the HIV and other sexually transmitted disease infection rate among FXC, FS and FD \\n 11. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel safe to live in their community \\n 12. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel threatened by something or someone \\n 13. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel a sense of belonging to their community", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1212, "Sentence":"% change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who feel a sense of belonging to their community", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number fxc f fd feel sense belonging community" }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.4. Gender-responsive evaluation of impact", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine (1) the impact of DDR on empowerment of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; (2) the contribution of DDR programme towards the creation of gender-responsive community development: \\n Impact\/Long-term goals: (1) Community development; (2) sustainable peace; Gender dimensions of impact: (1) Gender equality in community development and peace; (2) empowerment of women; \\n\\n Data collection frequency: Every six months for at least one to three years after the completion of the programme.Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme empower female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme encourage and support the creation of gender-responsive community development?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who vote or\/and stand for national and local elections in the concerned country \\n 2. % change in the employment rate among FXC, FS and FD (in both formal and informal sectors) Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Women, Gender and DDR 37 5.10 \\n 3. % change in the literacy rate among FXC, FS and FD, and their children \\n 4. % change in disposable income among FXC, FS and FD, and their household \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are the members of any type of association, including women\u2019s NGOs and ex-combatant support networks \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are involved in the implementation\/management of community development programmes \\n 7. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations that receive(d) reintegration assistance and implement development-related programme\/project(s) \\n 8. % change in the number of female-specific development programmes supported by reintegration assistance to meet the needs of women and girls \\n 9. % change in the number of female participants in development programmes who receive reintegration assistance. \\n 10. % change in the number of communities with a high return rate of ex-combatants receiving reintegration assistance \\n 11. % change in the number of awareness campaigns on women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence supported by reintegration assistance \\n 12. Community perception of FXC, FS and FD \\n 13. Community perception of women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1213, "Sentence":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine (1) the impact of DDR on empowerment of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; (2) the contribution of DDR programme towards the creation of gender-responsive community development: \\n Impact\/Long-term goals: (1) Community development; (2) sustainable peace; Gender dimensions of impact: (1) Gender equality in community development and peace; (2) empowerment of women; \\n\\n Data collection frequency: Every six months for at least one to three years after the completion of the programme.Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme empower female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR purpose evaluation examine 1 impact ddr empowerment female excombatants faagfs dependant 2 contribution ddr programme towards creation genderresponsive community development n impact\/longterm goal 1 community development 2 sustainable peace gender dimension impact 1 gender equality community development peace 2 empowerment woman nn data collection frequency every six month least one three year completion programme.key question ask n extent ddr programme empower female excombatants faagfs dependant" }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.4. Gender-responsive evaluation of impact", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine (1) the impact of DDR on empowerment of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; (2) the contribution of DDR programme towards the creation of gender-responsive community development: \\n Impact\/Long-term goals: (1) Community development; (2) sustainable peace; Gender dimensions of impact: (1) Gender equality in community development and peace; (2) empowerment of women; \\n\\n Data collection frequency: Every six months for at least one to three years after the completion of the programme.Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme empower female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme encourage and support the creation of gender-responsive community development?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who vote or\/and stand for national and local elections in the concerned country \\n 2. % change in the employment rate among FXC, FS and FD (in both formal and informal sectors) Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Women, Gender and DDR 37 5.10 \\n 3. % change in the literacy rate among FXC, FS and FD, and their children \\n 4. % change in disposable income among FXC, FS and FD, and their household \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are the members of any type of association, including women\u2019s NGOs and ex-combatant support networks \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are involved in the implementation\/management of community development programmes \\n 7. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations that receive(d) reintegration assistance and implement development-related programme\/project(s) \\n 8. % change in the number of female-specific development programmes supported by reintegration assistance to meet the needs of women and girls \\n 9. % change in the number of female participants in development programmes who receive reintegration assistance. \\n 10. % change in the number of communities with a high return rate of ex-combatants receiving reintegration assistance \\n 11. % change in the number of awareness campaigns on women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence supported by reintegration assistance \\n 12. Community perception of FXC, FS and FD \\n 13. Community perception of women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1213, "Sentence":"\\n To what extent did the reintegration programme encourage and support the creation of gender-responsive community development?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n extent reintegration programme encourage support creation genderresponsive community developmentkey measurable indicator compared baseline data n 1 ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.4. Gender-responsive evaluation of impact", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine (1) the impact of DDR on empowerment of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; (2) the contribution of DDR programme towards the creation of gender-responsive community development: \\n Impact\/Long-term goals: (1) Community development; (2) sustainable peace; Gender dimensions of impact: (1) Gender equality in community development and peace; (2) empowerment of women; \\n\\n Data collection frequency: Every six months for at least one to three years after the completion of the programme.Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme empower female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme encourage and support the creation of gender-responsive community development?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who vote or\/and stand for national and local elections in the concerned country \\n 2. % change in the employment rate among FXC, FS and FD (in both formal and informal sectors) Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Women, Gender and DDR 37 5.10 \\n 3. % change in the literacy rate among FXC, FS and FD, and their children \\n 4. % change in disposable income among FXC, FS and FD, and their household \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are the members of any type of association, including women\u2019s NGOs and ex-combatant support networks \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are involved in the implementation\/management of community development programmes \\n 7. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations that receive(d) reintegration assistance and implement development-related programme\/project(s) \\n 8. % change in the number of female-specific development programmes supported by reintegration assistance to meet the needs of women and girls \\n 9. % change in the number of female participants in development programmes who receive reintegration assistance. \\n 10. % change in the number of communities with a high return rate of ex-combatants receiving reintegration assistance \\n 11. % change in the number of awareness campaigns on women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence supported by reintegration assistance \\n 12. Community perception of FXC, FS and FD \\n 13. Community perception of women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1213, "Sentence":"% change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who vote or\/and stand for national and local elections in the concerned country \\n 2.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number fxc f fd vote or\/and stand national local election concerned country n 2 ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.4. Gender-responsive evaluation of impact", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine (1) the impact of DDR on empowerment of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; (2) the contribution of DDR programme towards the creation of gender-responsive community development: \\n Impact\/Long-term goals: (1) Community development; (2) sustainable peace; Gender dimensions of impact: (1) Gender equality in community development and peace; (2) empowerment of women; \\n\\n Data collection frequency: Every six months for at least one to three years after the completion of the programme.Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme empower female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme encourage and support the creation of gender-responsive community development?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who vote or\/and stand for national and local elections in the concerned country \\n 2. % change in the employment rate among FXC, FS and FD (in both formal and informal sectors) Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Women, Gender and DDR 37 5.10 \\n 3. % change in the literacy rate among FXC, FS and FD, and their children \\n 4. % change in disposable income among FXC, FS and FD, and their household \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are the members of any type of association, including women\u2019s NGOs and ex-combatant support networks \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are involved in the implementation\/management of community development programmes \\n 7. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations that receive(d) reintegration assistance and implement development-related programme\/project(s) \\n 8. % change in the number of female-specific development programmes supported by reintegration assistance to meet the needs of women and girls \\n 9. % change in the number of female participants in development programmes who receive reintegration assistance. \\n 10. % change in the number of communities with a high return rate of ex-combatants receiving reintegration assistance \\n 11. % change in the number of awareness campaigns on women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence supported by reintegration assistance \\n 12. Community perception of FXC, FS and FD \\n 13. Community perception of women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1213, "Sentence":"% change in the employment rate among FXC, FS and FD (in both formal and informal sectors) Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Women, Gender and DDR 37 5.10 \\n 3.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change employment rate among fxc f fd formal informal sector level 5 crosscutting issue woman gender ddr 37 5.10 n 3 ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.4. Gender-responsive evaluation of impact", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine (1) the impact of DDR on empowerment of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; (2) the contribution of DDR programme towards the creation of gender-responsive community development: \\n Impact\/Long-term goals: (1) Community development; (2) sustainable peace; Gender dimensions of impact: (1) Gender equality in community development and peace; (2) empowerment of women; \\n\\n Data collection frequency: Every six months for at least one to three years after the completion of the programme.Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme empower female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme encourage and support the creation of gender-responsive community development?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who vote or\/and stand for national and local elections in the concerned country \\n 2. % change in the employment rate among FXC, FS and FD (in both formal and informal sectors) Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Women, Gender and DDR 37 5.10 \\n 3. % change in the literacy rate among FXC, FS and FD, and their children \\n 4. % change in disposable income among FXC, FS and FD, and their household \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are the members of any type of association, including women\u2019s NGOs and ex-combatant support networks \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are involved in the implementation\/management of community development programmes \\n 7. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations that receive(d) reintegration assistance and implement development-related programme\/project(s) \\n 8. % change in the number of female-specific development programmes supported by reintegration assistance to meet the needs of women and girls \\n 9. % change in the number of female participants in development programmes who receive reintegration assistance. \\n 10. % change in the number of communities with a high return rate of ex-combatants receiving reintegration assistance \\n 11. % change in the number of awareness campaigns on women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence supported by reintegration assistance \\n 12. Community perception of FXC, FS and FD \\n 13. Community perception of women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1213, "Sentence":"% change in the literacy rate among FXC, FS and FD, and their children \\n 4.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change literacy rate among fxc f fd child n 4 ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.4. Gender-responsive evaluation of impact", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine (1) the impact of DDR on empowerment of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; (2) the contribution of DDR programme towards the creation of gender-responsive community development: \\n Impact\/Long-term goals: (1) Community development; (2) sustainable peace; Gender dimensions of impact: (1) Gender equality in community development and peace; (2) empowerment of women; \\n\\n Data collection frequency: Every six months for at least one to three years after the completion of the programme.Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme empower female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme encourage and support the creation of gender-responsive community development?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who vote or\/and stand for national and local elections in the concerned country \\n 2. % change in the employment rate among FXC, FS and FD (in both formal and informal sectors) Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Women, Gender and DDR 37 5.10 \\n 3. % change in the literacy rate among FXC, FS and FD, and their children \\n 4. % change in disposable income among FXC, FS and FD, and their household \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are the members of any type of association, including women\u2019s NGOs and ex-combatant support networks \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are involved in the implementation\/management of community development programmes \\n 7. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations that receive(d) reintegration assistance and implement development-related programme\/project(s) \\n 8. % change in the number of female-specific development programmes supported by reintegration assistance to meet the needs of women and girls \\n 9. % change in the number of female participants in development programmes who receive reintegration assistance. \\n 10. % change in the number of communities with a high return rate of ex-combatants receiving reintegration assistance \\n 11. % change in the number of awareness campaigns on women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence supported by reintegration assistance \\n 12. Community perception of FXC, FS and FD \\n 13. Community perception of women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1213, "Sentence":"% change in disposable income among FXC, FS and FD, and their household \\n 5.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change disposable income among fxc f fd household n 5 ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.4. Gender-responsive evaluation of impact", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine (1) the impact of DDR on empowerment of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; (2) the contribution of DDR programme towards the creation of gender-responsive community development: \\n Impact\/Long-term goals: (1) Community development; (2) sustainable peace; Gender dimensions of impact: (1) Gender equality in community development and peace; (2) empowerment of women; \\n\\n Data collection frequency: Every six months for at least one to three years after the completion of the programme.Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme empower female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme encourage and support the creation of gender-responsive community development?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who vote or\/and stand for national and local elections in the concerned country \\n 2. % change in the employment rate among FXC, FS and FD (in both formal and informal sectors) Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Women, Gender and DDR 37 5.10 \\n 3. % change in the literacy rate among FXC, FS and FD, and their children \\n 4. % change in disposable income among FXC, FS and FD, and their household \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are the members of any type of association, including women\u2019s NGOs and ex-combatant support networks \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are involved in the implementation\/management of community development programmes \\n 7. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations that receive(d) reintegration assistance and implement development-related programme\/project(s) \\n 8. % change in the number of female-specific development programmes supported by reintegration assistance to meet the needs of women and girls \\n 9. % change in the number of female participants in development programmes who receive reintegration assistance. \\n 10. % change in the number of communities with a high return rate of ex-combatants receiving reintegration assistance \\n 11. % change in the number of awareness campaigns on women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence supported by reintegration assistance \\n 12. Community perception of FXC, FS and FD \\n 13. Community perception of women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1213, "Sentence":"% change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are the members of any type of association, including women\u2019s NGOs and ex-combatant support networks \\n 6.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number fxc f fd member type association including woman \u2019 ngo excombatant support network n 6 ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.4. Gender-responsive evaluation of impact", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine (1) the impact of DDR on empowerment of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; (2) the contribution of DDR programme towards the creation of gender-responsive community development: \\n Impact\/Long-term goals: (1) Community development; (2) sustainable peace; Gender dimensions of impact: (1) Gender equality in community development and peace; (2) empowerment of women; \\n\\n Data collection frequency: Every six months for at least one to three years after the completion of the programme.Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme empower female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme encourage and support the creation of gender-responsive community development?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who vote or\/and stand for national and local elections in the concerned country \\n 2. % change in the employment rate among FXC, FS and FD (in both formal and informal sectors) Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Women, Gender and DDR 37 5.10 \\n 3. % change in the literacy rate among FXC, FS and FD, and their children \\n 4. % change in disposable income among FXC, FS and FD, and their household \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are the members of any type of association, including women\u2019s NGOs and ex-combatant support networks \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are involved in the implementation\/management of community development programmes \\n 7. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations that receive(d) reintegration assistance and implement development-related programme\/project(s) \\n 8. % change in the number of female-specific development programmes supported by reintegration assistance to meet the needs of women and girls \\n 9. % change in the number of female participants in development programmes who receive reintegration assistance. \\n 10. % change in the number of communities with a high return rate of ex-combatants receiving reintegration assistance \\n 11. % change in the number of awareness campaigns on women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence supported by reintegration assistance \\n 12. Community perception of FXC, FS and FD \\n 13. Community perception of women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1213, "Sentence":"% change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are involved in the implementation\/management of community development programmes \\n 7.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number fxc f fd involved implementation\/management community development programme n 7 ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.4. Gender-responsive evaluation of impact", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine (1) the impact of DDR on empowerment of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; (2) the contribution of DDR programme towards the creation of gender-responsive community development: \\n Impact\/Long-term goals: (1) Community development; (2) sustainable peace; Gender dimensions of impact: (1) Gender equality in community development and peace; (2) empowerment of women; \\n\\n Data collection frequency: Every six months for at least one to three years after the completion of the programme.Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme empower female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme encourage and support the creation of gender-responsive community development?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who vote or\/and stand for national and local elections in the concerned country \\n 2. % change in the employment rate among FXC, FS and FD (in both formal and informal sectors) Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Women, Gender and DDR 37 5.10 \\n 3. % change in the literacy rate among FXC, FS and FD, and their children \\n 4. % change in disposable income among FXC, FS and FD, and their household \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are the members of any type of association, including women\u2019s NGOs and ex-combatant support networks \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are involved in the implementation\/management of community development programmes \\n 7. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations that receive(d) reintegration assistance and implement development-related programme\/project(s) \\n 8. % change in the number of female-specific development programmes supported by reintegration assistance to meet the needs of women and girls \\n 9. % change in the number of female participants in development programmes who receive reintegration assistance. \\n 10. % change in the number of communities with a high return rate of ex-combatants receiving reintegration assistance \\n 11. % change in the number of awareness campaigns on women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence supported by reintegration assistance \\n 12. Community perception of FXC, FS and FD \\n 13. Community perception of women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1213, "Sentence":"% change in the number of women\u2019s organizations that receive(d) reintegration assistance and implement development-related programme\/project(s) \\n 8.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number woman \u2019 organization received reintegration assistance implement developmentrelated programme\/projects n 8 ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.4. Gender-responsive evaluation of impact", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine (1) the impact of DDR on empowerment of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; (2) the contribution of DDR programme towards the creation of gender-responsive community development: \\n Impact\/Long-term goals: (1) Community development; (2) sustainable peace; Gender dimensions of impact: (1) Gender equality in community development and peace; (2) empowerment of women; \\n\\n Data collection frequency: Every six months for at least one to three years after the completion of the programme.Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme empower female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme encourage and support the creation of gender-responsive community development?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who vote or\/and stand for national and local elections in the concerned country \\n 2. % change in the employment rate among FXC, FS and FD (in both formal and informal sectors) Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Women, Gender and DDR 37 5.10 \\n 3. % change in the literacy rate among FXC, FS and FD, and their children \\n 4. % change in disposable income among FXC, FS and FD, and their household \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are the members of any type of association, including women\u2019s NGOs and ex-combatant support networks \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are involved in the implementation\/management of community development programmes \\n 7. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations that receive(d) reintegration assistance and implement development-related programme\/project(s) \\n 8. % change in the number of female-specific development programmes supported by reintegration assistance to meet the needs of women and girls \\n 9. % change in the number of female participants in development programmes who receive reintegration assistance. \\n 10. % change in the number of communities with a high return rate of ex-combatants receiving reintegration assistance \\n 11. % change in the number of awareness campaigns on women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence supported by reintegration assistance \\n 12. Community perception of FXC, FS and FD \\n 13. Community perception of women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1213, "Sentence":"% change in the number of female-specific development programmes supported by reintegration assistance to meet the needs of women and girls \\n 9.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number femalespecific development programme supported reintegration assistance meet need woman girl n 9 ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.4. Gender-responsive evaluation of impact", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine (1) the impact of DDR on empowerment of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; (2) the contribution of DDR programme towards the creation of gender-responsive community development: \\n Impact\/Long-term goals: (1) Community development; (2) sustainable peace; Gender dimensions of impact: (1) Gender equality in community development and peace; (2) empowerment of women; \\n\\n Data collection frequency: Every six months for at least one to three years after the completion of the programme.Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme empower female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme encourage and support the creation of gender-responsive community development?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who vote or\/and stand for national and local elections in the concerned country \\n 2. % change in the employment rate among FXC, FS and FD (in both formal and informal sectors) Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Women, Gender and DDR 37 5.10 \\n 3. % change in the literacy rate among FXC, FS and FD, and their children \\n 4. % change in disposable income among FXC, FS and FD, and their household \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are the members of any type of association, including women\u2019s NGOs and ex-combatant support networks \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are involved in the implementation\/management of community development programmes \\n 7. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations that receive(d) reintegration assistance and implement development-related programme\/project(s) \\n 8. % change in the number of female-specific development programmes supported by reintegration assistance to meet the needs of women and girls \\n 9. % change in the number of female participants in development programmes who receive reintegration assistance. \\n 10. % change in the number of communities with a high return rate of ex-combatants receiving reintegration assistance \\n 11. % change in the number of awareness campaigns on women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence supported by reintegration assistance \\n 12. Community perception of FXC, FS and FD \\n 13. Community perception of women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1213, "Sentence":"% change in the number of female participants in development programmes who receive reintegration assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number female participant development programme receive reintegration assistance ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.4. Gender-responsive evaluation of impact", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine (1) the impact of DDR on empowerment of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; (2) the contribution of DDR programme towards the creation of gender-responsive community development: \\n Impact\/Long-term goals: (1) Community development; (2) sustainable peace; Gender dimensions of impact: (1) Gender equality in community development and peace; (2) empowerment of women; \\n\\n Data collection frequency: Every six months for at least one to three years after the completion of the programme.Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme empower female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme encourage and support the creation of gender-responsive community development?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who vote or\/and stand for national and local elections in the concerned country \\n 2. % change in the employment rate among FXC, FS and FD (in both formal and informal sectors) Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Women, Gender and DDR 37 5.10 \\n 3. % change in the literacy rate among FXC, FS and FD, and their children \\n 4. % change in disposable income among FXC, FS and FD, and their household \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are the members of any type of association, including women\u2019s NGOs and ex-combatant support networks \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are involved in the implementation\/management of community development programmes \\n 7. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations that receive(d) reintegration assistance and implement development-related programme\/project(s) \\n 8. % change in the number of female-specific development programmes supported by reintegration assistance to meet the needs of women and girls \\n 9. % change in the number of female participants in development programmes who receive reintegration assistance. \\n 10. % change in the number of communities with a high return rate of ex-combatants receiving reintegration assistance \\n 11. % change in the number of awareness campaigns on women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence supported by reintegration assistance \\n 12. Community perception of FXC, FS and FD \\n 13. Community perception of women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1213, "Sentence":"\\n 10.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 10 ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.4. Gender-responsive evaluation of impact", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine (1) the impact of DDR on empowerment of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; (2) the contribution of DDR programme towards the creation of gender-responsive community development: \\n Impact\/Long-term goals: (1) Community development; (2) sustainable peace; Gender dimensions of impact: (1) Gender equality in community development and peace; (2) empowerment of women; \\n\\n Data collection frequency: Every six months for at least one to three years after the completion of the programme.Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme empower female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme encourage and support the creation of gender-responsive community development?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who vote or\/and stand for national and local elections in the concerned country \\n 2. % change in the employment rate among FXC, FS and FD (in both formal and informal sectors) Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Women, Gender and DDR 37 5.10 \\n 3. % change in the literacy rate among FXC, FS and FD, and their children \\n 4. % change in disposable income among FXC, FS and FD, and their household \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are the members of any type of association, including women\u2019s NGOs and ex-combatant support networks \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are involved in the implementation\/management of community development programmes \\n 7. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations that receive(d) reintegration assistance and implement development-related programme\/project(s) \\n 8. % change in the number of female-specific development programmes supported by reintegration assistance to meet the needs of women and girls \\n 9. % change in the number of female participants in development programmes who receive reintegration assistance. \\n 10. % change in the number of communities with a high return rate of ex-combatants receiving reintegration assistance \\n 11. % change in the number of awareness campaigns on women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence supported by reintegration assistance \\n 12. Community perception of FXC, FS and FD \\n 13. Community perception of women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1213, "Sentence":"% change in the number of communities with a high return rate of ex-combatants receiving reintegration assistance \\n 11.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number community high return rate excombatants receiving reintegration assistance n 11 ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.4. Gender-responsive evaluation of impact", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine (1) the impact of DDR on empowerment of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; (2) the contribution of DDR programme towards the creation of gender-responsive community development: \\n Impact\/Long-term goals: (1) Community development; (2) sustainable peace; Gender dimensions of impact: (1) Gender equality in community development and peace; (2) empowerment of women; \\n\\n Data collection frequency: Every six months for at least one to three years after the completion of the programme.Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme empower female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme encourage and support the creation of gender-responsive community development?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who vote or\/and stand for national and local elections in the concerned country \\n 2. % change in the employment rate among FXC, FS and FD (in both formal and informal sectors) Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Women, Gender and DDR 37 5.10 \\n 3. % change in the literacy rate among FXC, FS and FD, and their children \\n 4. % change in disposable income among FXC, FS and FD, and their household \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are the members of any type of association, including women\u2019s NGOs and ex-combatant support networks \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are involved in the implementation\/management of community development programmes \\n 7. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations that receive(d) reintegration assistance and implement development-related programme\/project(s) \\n 8. % change in the number of female-specific development programmes supported by reintegration assistance to meet the needs of women and girls \\n 9. % change in the number of female participants in development programmes who receive reintegration assistance. \\n 10. % change in the number of communities with a high return rate of ex-combatants receiving reintegration assistance \\n 11. % change in the number of awareness campaigns on women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence supported by reintegration assistance \\n 12. Community perception of FXC, FS and FD \\n 13. Community perception of women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1213, "Sentence":"% change in the number of awareness campaigns on women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence supported by reintegration assistance \\n 12.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number awareness campaign woman \u2019 human right genderbased violence supported reintegration assistance n 12 ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.4. Gender-responsive evaluation of impact", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine (1) the impact of DDR on empowerment of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; (2) the contribution of DDR programme towards the creation of gender-responsive community development: \\n Impact\/Long-term goals: (1) Community development; (2) sustainable peace; Gender dimensions of impact: (1) Gender equality in community development and peace; (2) empowerment of women; \\n\\n Data collection frequency: Every six months for at least one to three years after the completion of the programme.Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme empower female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme encourage and support the creation of gender-responsive community development?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who vote or\/and stand for national and local elections in the concerned country \\n 2. % change in the employment rate among FXC, FS and FD (in both formal and informal sectors) Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Women, Gender and DDR 37 5.10 \\n 3. % change in the literacy rate among FXC, FS and FD, and their children \\n 4. % change in disposable income among FXC, FS and FD, and their household \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are the members of any type of association, including women\u2019s NGOs and ex-combatant support networks \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are involved in the implementation\/management of community development programmes \\n 7. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations that receive(d) reintegration assistance and implement development-related programme\/project(s) \\n 8. % change in the number of female-specific development programmes supported by reintegration assistance to meet the needs of women and girls \\n 9. % change in the number of female participants in development programmes who receive reintegration assistance. \\n 10. % change in the number of communities with a high return rate of ex-combatants receiving reintegration assistance \\n 11. % change in the number of awareness campaigns on women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence supported by reintegration assistance \\n 12. Community perception of FXC, FS and FD \\n 13. Community perception of women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1213, "Sentence":"Community perception of FXC, FS and FD \\n 13.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR community perception fxc f fd n 13 ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.4. Gender-responsive evaluation of impact", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine (1) the impact of DDR on empowerment of female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants; (2) the contribution of DDR programme towards the creation of gender-responsive community development: \\n Impact\/Long-term goals: (1) Community development; (2) sustainable peace; Gender dimensions of impact: (1) Gender equality in community development and peace; (2) empowerment of women; \\n\\n Data collection frequency: Every six months for at least one to three years after the completion of the programme.Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the DDR programme empower female ex-combatants, FAAGFs and dependants? \\n To what extent did the reintegration programme encourage and support the creation of gender-responsive community development?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS (COMPARED WITH THE BASELINE DATA) \\n 1. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who vote or\/and stand for national and local elections in the concerned country \\n 2. % change in the employment rate among FXC, FS and FD (in both formal and informal sectors) Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Women, Gender and DDR 37 5.10 \\n 3. % change in the literacy rate among FXC, FS and FD, and their children \\n 4. % change in disposable income among FXC, FS and FD, and their household \\n 5. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are the members of any type of association, including women\u2019s NGOs and ex-combatant support networks \\n 6. % change in the number of FXC, FS and FD who are involved in the implementation\/management of community development programmes \\n 7. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations that receive(d) reintegration assistance and implement development-related programme\/project(s) \\n 8. % change in the number of female-specific development programmes supported by reintegration assistance to meet the needs of women and girls \\n 9. % change in the number of female participants in development programmes who receive reintegration assistance. \\n 10. % change in the number of communities with a high return rate of ex-combatants receiving reintegration assistance \\n 11. % change in the number of awareness campaigns on women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence supported by reintegration assistance \\n 12. Community perception of FXC, FS and FD \\n 13. Community perception of women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1213, "Sentence":"Community perception of women\u2019s human rights and gender-based violence", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR community perception woman \u2019 human right genderbased violence" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.5. Gender-responsive evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budgeting analysis)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the level of gender mainstreaming in the DDR budget; \\n Budget: Allocation of resources, balancing revenue and expenditure, cost efficiency; \\n Gender dimensions of budget: (1) Allocation of sufficient resources for female-specific interventions and gender-related interventions, such as gender training; (2) equal treat- ment of male and female ex-combatants in the overall programmes; (3) participation of women and women\u2019s NGOs in budgetary processes; \\n Data collection frequency: Every stage of the budget cycle (preparation, approval, appre- ciation, auditing, revision, reporting).Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the budget specify female-specific and gender-related activities, their inputs, and the cost? \\n To what extent was the allocation of resources adequate to effectively implement female- specific and gender-specific activities? \\n To what extent did gender specialists\/advisers and women\u2019s organizations participate in the processes of the budget cycle (e.g., preparation, auditing)?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of resource allocation for general activities \\n 2. % of resource allocation for female-specific activities \\n 3. % of resource allocation for gender-related activities (e.g., gender training) \\n 4. % of resource allocation for gender specialists and advisers (compared with other staff) \\n 5. Number of donors that specify the use of funds for female-specific activities and\/or gender training \\n 6. Unit cost of each activity for numbers 1\u20134 \\n 7. Unit cost of each input for each activity \\n 8. Duration of each activity \\n 9. % of activities that were successfully completed \\n 10. % of activities that could not be completed owing to lack of resources \\n 11. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers who participated in budget meetings at each stage of the budget cycle, including auditing \\n 12. Number of budget meetings attended by women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists \\n 13. % of budget revision on the advice of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1214, "Sentence":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the level of gender mainstreaming in the DDR budget; \\n Budget: Allocation of resources, balancing revenue and expenditure, cost efficiency; \\n Gender dimensions of budget: (1) Allocation of sufficient resources for female-specific interventions and gender-related interventions, such as gender training; (2) equal treat- ment of male and female ex-combatants in the overall programmes; (3) participation of women and women\u2019s NGOs in budgetary processes; \\n Data collection frequency: Every stage of the budget cycle (preparation, approval, appre- ciation, auditing, revision, reporting).Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the budget specify female-specific and gender-related activities, their inputs, and the cost?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR purpose evaluation examine level gender mainstreaming ddr budget n budget allocation resource balancing revenue expenditure cost efficiency n gender dimension budget 1 allocation sufficient resource femalespecific intervention genderrelated intervention gender training 2 equal treat ment male female excombatants overall programme 3 participation woman woman \u2019 ngo budgetary process n data collection frequency every stage budget cycle preparation approval appre ciation auditing revision reporting.key question ask n extent budget specify femalespecific genderrelated activity input cost" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.5. Gender-responsive evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budgeting analysis)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the level of gender mainstreaming in the DDR budget; \\n Budget: Allocation of resources, balancing revenue and expenditure, cost efficiency; \\n Gender dimensions of budget: (1) Allocation of sufficient resources for female-specific interventions and gender-related interventions, such as gender training; (2) equal treat- ment of male and female ex-combatants in the overall programmes; (3) participation of women and women\u2019s NGOs in budgetary processes; \\n Data collection frequency: Every stage of the budget cycle (preparation, approval, appre- ciation, auditing, revision, reporting).Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the budget specify female-specific and gender-related activities, their inputs, and the cost? \\n To what extent was the allocation of resources adequate to effectively implement female- specific and gender-specific activities? \\n To what extent did gender specialists\/advisers and women\u2019s organizations participate in the processes of the budget cycle (e.g., preparation, auditing)?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of resource allocation for general activities \\n 2. % of resource allocation for female-specific activities \\n 3. % of resource allocation for gender-related activities (e.g., gender training) \\n 4. % of resource allocation for gender specialists and advisers (compared with other staff) \\n 5. Number of donors that specify the use of funds for female-specific activities and\/or gender training \\n 6. Unit cost of each activity for numbers 1\u20134 \\n 7. Unit cost of each input for each activity \\n 8. Duration of each activity \\n 9. % of activities that were successfully completed \\n 10. % of activities that could not be completed owing to lack of resources \\n 11. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers who participated in budget meetings at each stage of the budget cycle, including auditing \\n 12. Number of budget meetings attended by women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists \\n 13. % of budget revision on the advice of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1214, "Sentence":"\\n To what extent was the allocation of resources adequate to effectively implement female- specific and gender-specific activities?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n extent allocation resource adequate effectively implement female specific genderspecific activity" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.5. Gender-responsive evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budgeting analysis)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the level of gender mainstreaming in the DDR budget; \\n Budget: Allocation of resources, balancing revenue and expenditure, cost efficiency; \\n Gender dimensions of budget: (1) Allocation of sufficient resources for female-specific interventions and gender-related interventions, such as gender training; (2) equal treat- ment of male and female ex-combatants in the overall programmes; (3) participation of women and women\u2019s NGOs in budgetary processes; \\n Data collection frequency: Every stage of the budget cycle (preparation, approval, appre- ciation, auditing, revision, reporting).Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the budget specify female-specific and gender-related activities, their inputs, and the cost? \\n To what extent was the allocation of resources adequate to effectively implement female- specific and gender-specific activities? \\n To what extent did gender specialists\/advisers and women\u2019s organizations participate in the processes of the budget cycle (e.g., preparation, auditing)?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of resource allocation for general activities \\n 2. % of resource allocation for female-specific activities \\n 3. % of resource allocation for gender-related activities (e.g., gender training) \\n 4. % of resource allocation for gender specialists and advisers (compared with other staff) \\n 5. Number of donors that specify the use of funds for female-specific activities and\/or gender training \\n 6. Unit cost of each activity for numbers 1\u20134 \\n 7. Unit cost of each input for each activity \\n 8. Duration of each activity \\n 9. % of activities that were successfully completed \\n 10. % of activities that could not be completed owing to lack of resources \\n 11. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers who participated in budget meetings at each stage of the budget cycle, including auditing \\n 12. Number of budget meetings attended by women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists \\n 13. % of budget revision on the advice of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1214, "Sentence":"\\n To what extent did gender specialists\/advisers and women\u2019s organizations participate in the processes of the budget cycle (e.g., preparation, auditing)?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n extent gender specialists\/advisers woman \u2019 organization participate process budget cycle e.g . preparation auditingkey measurable indicator n 1 ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.5. Gender-responsive evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budgeting analysis)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the level of gender mainstreaming in the DDR budget; \\n Budget: Allocation of resources, balancing revenue and expenditure, cost efficiency; \\n Gender dimensions of budget: (1) Allocation of sufficient resources for female-specific interventions and gender-related interventions, such as gender training; (2) equal treat- ment of male and female ex-combatants in the overall programmes; (3) participation of women and women\u2019s NGOs in budgetary processes; \\n Data collection frequency: Every stage of the budget cycle (preparation, approval, appre- ciation, auditing, revision, reporting).Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the budget specify female-specific and gender-related activities, their inputs, and the cost? \\n To what extent was the allocation of resources adequate to effectively implement female- specific and gender-specific activities? \\n To what extent did gender specialists\/advisers and women\u2019s organizations participate in the processes of the budget cycle (e.g., preparation, auditing)?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of resource allocation for general activities \\n 2. % of resource allocation for female-specific activities \\n 3. % of resource allocation for gender-related activities (e.g., gender training) \\n 4. % of resource allocation for gender specialists and advisers (compared with other staff) \\n 5. Number of donors that specify the use of funds for female-specific activities and\/or gender training \\n 6. Unit cost of each activity for numbers 1\u20134 \\n 7. Unit cost of each input for each activity \\n 8. Duration of each activity \\n 9. % of activities that were successfully completed \\n 10. % of activities that could not be completed owing to lack of resources \\n 11. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers who participated in budget meetings at each stage of the budget cycle, including auditing \\n 12. Number of budget meetings attended by women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists \\n 13. % of budget revision on the advice of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1214, "Sentence":"% of resource allocation for general activities \\n 2.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR resource allocation general activity n 2 ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.5. Gender-responsive evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budgeting analysis)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the level of gender mainstreaming in the DDR budget; \\n Budget: Allocation of resources, balancing revenue and expenditure, cost efficiency; \\n Gender dimensions of budget: (1) Allocation of sufficient resources for female-specific interventions and gender-related interventions, such as gender training; (2) equal treat- ment of male and female ex-combatants in the overall programmes; (3) participation of women and women\u2019s NGOs in budgetary processes; \\n Data collection frequency: Every stage of the budget cycle (preparation, approval, appre- ciation, auditing, revision, reporting).Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the budget specify female-specific and gender-related activities, their inputs, and the cost? \\n To what extent was the allocation of resources adequate to effectively implement female- specific and gender-specific activities? \\n To what extent did gender specialists\/advisers and women\u2019s organizations participate in the processes of the budget cycle (e.g., preparation, auditing)?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of resource allocation for general activities \\n 2. % of resource allocation for female-specific activities \\n 3. % of resource allocation for gender-related activities (e.g., gender training) \\n 4. % of resource allocation for gender specialists and advisers (compared with other staff) \\n 5. Number of donors that specify the use of funds for female-specific activities and\/or gender training \\n 6. Unit cost of each activity for numbers 1\u20134 \\n 7. Unit cost of each input for each activity \\n 8. Duration of each activity \\n 9. % of activities that were successfully completed \\n 10. % of activities that could not be completed owing to lack of resources \\n 11. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers who participated in budget meetings at each stage of the budget cycle, including auditing \\n 12. Number of budget meetings attended by women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists \\n 13. % of budget revision on the advice of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1214, "Sentence":"% of resource allocation for female-specific activities \\n 3.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR resource allocation femalespecific activity n 3 ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.5. Gender-responsive evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budgeting analysis)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the level of gender mainstreaming in the DDR budget; \\n Budget: Allocation of resources, balancing revenue and expenditure, cost efficiency; \\n Gender dimensions of budget: (1) Allocation of sufficient resources for female-specific interventions and gender-related interventions, such as gender training; (2) equal treat- ment of male and female ex-combatants in the overall programmes; (3) participation of women and women\u2019s NGOs in budgetary processes; \\n Data collection frequency: Every stage of the budget cycle (preparation, approval, appre- ciation, auditing, revision, reporting).Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the budget specify female-specific and gender-related activities, their inputs, and the cost? \\n To what extent was the allocation of resources adequate to effectively implement female- specific and gender-specific activities? \\n To what extent did gender specialists\/advisers and women\u2019s organizations participate in the processes of the budget cycle (e.g., preparation, auditing)?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of resource allocation for general activities \\n 2. % of resource allocation for female-specific activities \\n 3. % of resource allocation for gender-related activities (e.g., gender training) \\n 4. % of resource allocation for gender specialists and advisers (compared with other staff) \\n 5. Number of donors that specify the use of funds for female-specific activities and\/or gender training \\n 6. Unit cost of each activity for numbers 1\u20134 \\n 7. Unit cost of each input for each activity \\n 8. Duration of each activity \\n 9. % of activities that were successfully completed \\n 10. % of activities that could not be completed owing to lack of resources \\n 11. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers who participated in budget meetings at each stage of the budget cycle, including auditing \\n 12. Number of budget meetings attended by women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists \\n 13. % of budget revision on the advice of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1214, "Sentence":"% of resource allocation for gender-related activities (e.g., gender training) \\n 4.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR resource allocation genderrelated activity e.g . gender training n 4 ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.5. Gender-responsive evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budgeting analysis)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the level of gender mainstreaming in the DDR budget; \\n Budget: Allocation of resources, balancing revenue and expenditure, cost efficiency; \\n Gender dimensions of budget: (1) Allocation of sufficient resources for female-specific interventions and gender-related interventions, such as gender training; (2) equal treat- ment of male and female ex-combatants in the overall programmes; (3) participation of women and women\u2019s NGOs in budgetary processes; \\n Data collection frequency: Every stage of the budget cycle (preparation, approval, appre- ciation, auditing, revision, reporting).Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the budget specify female-specific and gender-related activities, their inputs, and the cost? \\n To what extent was the allocation of resources adequate to effectively implement female- specific and gender-specific activities? \\n To what extent did gender specialists\/advisers and women\u2019s organizations participate in the processes of the budget cycle (e.g., preparation, auditing)?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of resource allocation for general activities \\n 2. % of resource allocation for female-specific activities \\n 3. % of resource allocation for gender-related activities (e.g., gender training) \\n 4. % of resource allocation for gender specialists and advisers (compared with other staff) \\n 5. Number of donors that specify the use of funds for female-specific activities and\/or gender training \\n 6. Unit cost of each activity for numbers 1\u20134 \\n 7. Unit cost of each input for each activity \\n 8. Duration of each activity \\n 9. % of activities that were successfully completed \\n 10. % of activities that could not be completed owing to lack of resources \\n 11. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers who participated in budget meetings at each stage of the budget cycle, including auditing \\n 12. Number of budget meetings attended by women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists \\n 13. % of budget revision on the advice of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1214, "Sentence":"% of resource allocation for gender specialists and advisers (compared with other staff) \\n 5.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR resource allocation gender specialist adviser compared staff n 5 ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.5. Gender-responsive evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budgeting analysis)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the level of gender mainstreaming in the DDR budget; \\n Budget: Allocation of resources, balancing revenue and expenditure, cost efficiency; \\n Gender dimensions of budget: (1) Allocation of sufficient resources for female-specific interventions and gender-related interventions, such as gender training; (2) equal treat- ment of male and female ex-combatants in the overall programmes; (3) participation of women and women\u2019s NGOs in budgetary processes; \\n Data collection frequency: Every stage of the budget cycle (preparation, approval, appre- ciation, auditing, revision, reporting).Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the budget specify female-specific and gender-related activities, their inputs, and the cost? \\n To what extent was the allocation of resources adequate to effectively implement female- specific and gender-specific activities? \\n To what extent did gender specialists\/advisers and women\u2019s organizations participate in the processes of the budget cycle (e.g., preparation, auditing)?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of resource allocation for general activities \\n 2. % of resource allocation for female-specific activities \\n 3. % of resource allocation for gender-related activities (e.g., gender training) \\n 4. % of resource allocation for gender specialists and advisers (compared with other staff) \\n 5. Number of donors that specify the use of funds for female-specific activities and\/or gender training \\n 6. Unit cost of each activity for numbers 1\u20134 \\n 7. Unit cost of each input for each activity \\n 8. Duration of each activity \\n 9. % of activities that were successfully completed \\n 10. % of activities that could not be completed owing to lack of resources \\n 11. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers who participated in budget meetings at each stage of the budget cycle, including auditing \\n 12. Number of budget meetings attended by women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists \\n 13. % of budget revision on the advice of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1214, "Sentence":"Number of donors that specify the use of funds for female-specific activities and\/or gender training \\n 6.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number donor specify use fund femalespecific activity and\/or gender training n 6 ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.5. Gender-responsive evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budgeting analysis)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the level of gender mainstreaming in the DDR budget; \\n Budget: Allocation of resources, balancing revenue and expenditure, cost efficiency; \\n Gender dimensions of budget: (1) Allocation of sufficient resources for female-specific interventions and gender-related interventions, such as gender training; (2) equal treat- ment of male and female ex-combatants in the overall programmes; (3) participation of women and women\u2019s NGOs in budgetary processes; \\n Data collection frequency: Every stage of the budget cycle (preparation, approval, appre- ciation, auditing, revision, reporting).Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the budget specify female-specific and gender-related activities, their inputs, and the cost? \\n To what extent was the allocation of resources adequate to effectively implement female- specific and gender-specific activities? \\n To what extent did gender specialists\/advisers and women\u2019s organizations participate in the processes of the budget cycle (e.g., preparation, auditing)?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of resource allocation for general activities \\n 2. % of resource allocation for female-specific activities \\n 3. % of resource allocation for gender-related activities (e.g., gender training) \\n 4. % of resource allocation for gender specialists and advisers (compared with other staff) \\n 5. Number of donors that specify the use of funds for female-specific activities and\/or gender training \\n 6. Unit cost of each activity for numbers 1\u20134 \\n 7. Unit cost of each input for each activity \\n 8. Duration of each activity \\n 9. % of activities that were successfully completed \\n 10. % of activities that could not be completed owing to lack of resources \\n 11. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers who participated in budget meetings at each stage of the budget cycle, including auditing \\n 12. Number of budget meetings attended by women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists \\n 13. % of budget revision on the advice of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1214, "Sentence":"Unit cost of each activity for numbers 1\u20134 \\n 7.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR unit cost activity number 1\u20134 n 7 ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.5. Gender-responsive evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budgeting analysis)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the level of gender mainstreaming in the DDR budget; \\n Budget: Allocation of resources, balancing revenue and expenditure, cost efficiency; \\n Gender dimensions of budget: (1) Allocation of sufficient resources for female-specific interventions and gender-related interventions, such as gender training; (2) equal treat- ment of male and female ex-combatants in the overall programmes; (3) participation of women and women\u2019s NGOs in budgetary processes; \\n Data collection frequency: Every stage of the budget cycle (preparation, approval, appre- ciation, auditing, revision, reporting).Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the budget specify female-specific and gender-related activities, their inputs, and the cost? \\n To what extent was the allocation of resources adequate to effectively implement female- specific and gender-specific activities? \\n To what extent did gender specialists\/advisers and women\u2019s organizations participate in the processes of the budget cycle (e.g., preparation, auditing)?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of resource allocation for general activities \\n 2. % of resource allocation for female-specific activities \\n 3. % of resource allocation for gender-related activities (e.g., gender training) \\n 4. % of resource allocation for gender specialists and advisers (compared with other staff) \\n 5. Number of donors that specify the use of funds for female-specific activities and\/or gender training \\n 6. Unit cost of each activity for numbers 1\u20134 \\n 7. Unit cost of each input for each activity \\n 8. Duration of each activity \\n 9. % of activities that were successfully completed \\n 10. % of activities that could not be completed owing to lack of resources \\n 11. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers who participated in budget meetings at each stage of the budget cycle, including auditing \\n 12. Number of budget meetings attended by women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists \\n 13. % of budget revision on the advice of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1214, "Sentence":"Unit cost of each input for each activity \\n 8.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR unit cost input activity n 8 ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.5. Gender-responsive evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budgeting analysis)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the level of gender mainstreaming in the DDR budget; \\n Budget: Allocation of resources, balancing revenue and expenditure, cost efficiency; \\n Gender dimensions of budget: (1) Allocation of sufficient resources for female-specific interventions and gender-related interventions, such as gender training; (2) equal treat- ment of male and female ex-combatants in the overall programmes; (3) participation of women and women\u2019s NGOs in budgetary processes; \\n Data collection frequency: Every stage of the budget cycle (preparation, approval, appre- ciation, auditing, revision, reporting).Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the budget specify female-specific and gender-related activities, their inputs, and the cost? \\n To what extent was the allocation of resources adequate to effectively implement female- specific and gender-specific activities? \\n To what extent did gender specialists\/advisers and women\u2019s organizations participate in the processes of the budget cycle (e.g., preparation, auditing)?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of resource allocation for general activities \\n 2. % of resource allocation for female-specific activities \\n 3. % of resource allocation for gender-related activities (e.g., gender training) \\n 4. % of resource allocation for gender specialists and advisers (compared with other staff) \\n 5. Number of donors that specify the use of funds for female-specific activities and\/or gender training \\n 6. Unit cost of each activity for numbers 1\u20134 \\n 7. Unit cost of each input for each activity \\n 8. Duration of each activity \\n 9. % of activities that were successfully completed \\n 10. % of activities that could not be completed owing to lack of resources \\n 11. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers who participated in budget meetings at each stage of the budget cycle, including auditing \\n 12. Number of budget meetings attended by women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists \\n 13. % of budget revision on the advice of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1214, "Sentence":"Duration of each activity \\n 9.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR duration activity n 9 ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.5. Gender-responsive evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budgeting analysis)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the level of gender mainstreaming in the DDR budget; \\n Budget: Allocation of resources, balancing revenue and expenditure, cost efficiency; \\n Gender dimensions of budget: (1) Allocation of sufficient resources for female-specific interventions and gender-related interventions, such as gender training; (2) equal treat- ment of male and female ex-combatants in the overall programmes; (3) participation of women and women\u2019s NGOs in budgetary processes; \\n Data collection frequency: Every stage of the budget cycle (preparation, approval, appre- ciation, auditing, revision, reporting).Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the budget specify female-specific and gender-related activities, their inputs, and the cost? \\n To what extent was the allocation of resources adequate to effectively implement female- specific and gender-specific activities? \\n To what extent did gender specialists\/advisers and women\u2019s organizations participate in the processes of the budget cycle (e.g., preparation, auditing)?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of resource allocation for general activities \\n 2. % of resource allocation for female-specific activities \\n 3. % of resource allocation for gender-related activities (e.g., gender training) \\n 4. % of resource allocation for gender specialists and advisers (compared with other staff) \\n 5. Number of donors that specify the use of funds for female-specific activities and\/or gender training \\n 6. Unit cost of each activity for numbers 1\u20134 \\n 7. Unit cost of each input for each activity \\n 8. Duration of each activity \\n 9. % of activities that were successfully completed \\n 10. % of activities that could not be completed owing to lack of resources \\n 11. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers who participated in budget meetings at each stage of the budget cycle, including auditing \\n 12. Number of budget meetings attended by women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists \\n 13. % of budget revision on the advice of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1214, "Sentence":"% of activities that were successfully completed \\n 10.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR activity successfully completed n 10 ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.5. Gender-responsive evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budgeting analysis)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the level of gender mainstreaming in the DDR budget; \\n Budget: Allocation of resources, balancing revenue and expenditure, cost efficiency; \\n Gender dimensions of budget: (1) Allocation of sufficient resources for female-specific interventions and gender-related interventions, such as gender training; (2) equal treat- ment of male and female ex-combatants in the overall programmes; (3) participation of women and women\u2019s NGOs in budgetary processes; \\n Data collection frequency: Every stage of the budget cycle (preparation, approval, appre- ciation, auditing, revision, reporting).Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the budget specify female-specific and gender-related activities, their inputs, and the cost? \\n To what extent was the allocation of resources adequate to effectively implement female- specific and gender-specific activities? \\n To what extent did gender specialists\/advisers and women\u2019s organizations participate in the processes of the budget cycle (e.g., preparation, auditing)?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of resource allocation for general activities \\n 2. % of resource allocation for female-specific activities \\n 3. % of resource allocation for gender-related activities (e.g., gender training) \\n 4. % of resource allocation for gender specialists and advisers (compared with other staff) \\n 5. Number of donors that specify the use of funds for female-specific activities and\/or gender training \\n 6. Unit cost of each activity for numbers 1\u20134 \\n 7. Unit cost of each input for each activity \\n 8. Duration of each activity \\n 9. % of activities that were successfully completed \\n 10. % of activities that could not be completed owing to lack of resources \\n 11. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers who participated in budget meetings at each stage of the budget cycle, including auditing \\n 12. Number of budget meetings attended by women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists \\n 13. % of budget revision on the advice of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1214, "Sentence":"% of activities that could not be completed owing to lack of resources \\n 11.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR activity could completed owing lack resource n 11 ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.5. Gender-responsive evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budgeting analysis)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the level of gender mainstreaming in the DDR budget; \\n Budget: Allocation of resources, balancing revenue and expenditure, cost efficiency; \\n Gender dimensions of budget: (1) Allocation of sufficient resources for female-specific interventions and gender-related interventions, such as gender training; (2) equal treat- ment of male and female ex-combatants in the overall programmes; (3) participation of women and women\u2019s NGOs in budgetary processes; \\n Data collection frequency: Every stage of the budget cycle (preparation, approval, appre- ciation, auditing, revision, reporting).Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the budget specify female-specific and gender-related activities, their inputs, and the cost? \\n To what extent was the allocation of resources adequate to effectively implement female- specific and gender-specific activities? \\n To what extent did gender specialists\/advisers and women\u2019s organizations participate in the processes of the budget cycle (e.g., preparation, auditing)?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of resource allocation for general activities \\n 2. % of resource allocation for female-specific activities \\n 3. % of resource allocation for gender-related activities (e.g., gender training) \\n 4. % of resource allocation for gender specialists and advisers (compared with other staff) \\n 5. Number of donors that specify the use of funds for female-specific activities and\/or gender training \\n 6. Unit cost of each activity for numbers 1\u20134 \\n 7. Unit cost of each input for each activity \\n 8. Duration of each activity \\n 9. % of activities that were successfully completed \\n 10. % of activities that could not be completed owing to lack of resources \\n 11. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers who participated in budget meetings at each stage of the budget cycle, including auditing \\n 12. Number of budget meetings attended by women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists \\n 13. % of budget revision on the advice of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1214, "Sentence":"% change in the number of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers who participated in budget meetings at each stage of the budget cycle, including auditing \\n 12.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR change number woman \u2019 organization gender adviser participated budget meeting stage budget cycle including auditing n 12 ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.5. Gender-responsive evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budgeting analysis)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the level of gender mainstreaming in the DDR budget; \\n Budget: Allocation of resources, balancing revenue and expenditure, cost efficiency; \\n Gender dimensions of budget: (1) Allocation of sufficient resources for female-specific interventions and gender-related interventions, such as gender training; (2) equal treat- ment of male and female ex-combatants in the overall programmes; (3) participation of women and women\u2019s NGOs in budgetary processes; \\n Data collection frequency: Every stage of the budget cycle (preparation, approval, appre- ciation, auditing, revision, reporting).Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the budget specify female-specific and gender-related activities, their inputs, and the cost? \\n To what extent was the allocation of resources adequate to effectively implement female- specific and gender-specific activities? \\n To what extent did gender specialists\/advisers and women\u2019s organizations participate in the processes of the budget cycle (e.g., preparation, auditing)?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of resource allocation for general activities \\n 2. % of resource allocation for female-specific activities \\n 3. % of resource allocation for gender-related activities (e.g., gender training) \\n 4. % of resource allocation for gender specialists and advisers (compared with other staff) \\n 5. Number of donors that specify the use of funds for female-specific activities and\/or gender training \\n 6. Unit cost of each activity for numbers 1\u20134 \\n 7. Unit cost of each input for each activity \\n 8. Duration of each activity \\n 9. % of activities that were successfully completed \\n 10. % of activities that could not be completed owing to lack of resources \\n 11. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers who participated in budget meetings at each stage of the budget cycle, including auditing \\n 12. Number of budget meetings attended by women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists \\n 13. % of budget revision on the advice of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1214, "Sentence":"Number of budget meetings attended by women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists \\n 13.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number budget meeting attended woman \u2019 organization gender advisers\/specialists n 13 ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.5. Gender-responsive evaluation of budget (gender-responsive budgeting analysis)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the level of gender mainstreaming in the DDR budget; \\n Budget: Allocation of resources, balancing revenue and expenditure, cost efficiency; \\n Gender dimensions of budget: (1) Allocation of sufficient resources for female-specific interventions and gender-related interventions, such as gender training; (2) equal treat- ment of male and female ex-combatants in the overall programmes; (3) participation of women and women\u2019s NGOs in budgetary processes; \\n Data collection frequency: Every stage of the budget cycle (preparation, approval, appre- ciation, auditing, revision, reporting).Key questions to ask: \\n To what extent did the budget specify female-specific and gender-related activities, their inputs, and the cost? \\n To what extent was the allocation of resources adequate to effectively implement female- specific and gender-specific activities? \\n To what extent did gender specialists\/advisers and women\u2019s organizations participate in the processes of the budget cycle (e.g., preparation, auditing)?KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of resource allocation for general activities \\n 2. % of resource allocation for female-specific activities \\n 3. % of resource allocation for gender-related activities (e.g., gender training) \\n 4. % of resource allocation for gender specialists and advisers (compared with other staff) \\n 5. Number of donors that specify the use of funds for female-specific activities and\/or gender training \\n 6. Unit cost of each activity for numbers 1\u20134 \\n 7. Unit cost of each input for each activity \\n 8. Duration of each activity \\n 9. % of activities that were successfully completed \\n 10. % of activities that could not be completed owing to lack of resources \\n 11. % change in the number of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers who participated in budget meetings at each stage of the budget cycle, including auditing \\n 12. Number of budget meetings attended by women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists \\n 13. % of budget revision on the advice of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1214, "Sentence":"% of budget revision on the advice of women\u2019s organizations and gender advisers\/specialists", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR budget revision advice woman \u2019 organization gender advisers\/specialists" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"4. Gender-responsive monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"4.6. Evaluation to assess the level of gender mainstreaming in programme management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":38, "Paragraph":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the level of gender mainstreaming in each DDR programme\/project cycle and its management; \\n Programme\/Project cycle: (1) Situational analysis and need assessment; (2) project design; (3) project appraisal; (4) secure funding; (5) project implementation; (6) M&E; \\n Gender dimensions of project cycle: (1) Assessment of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 participation; (2) gender-responsive project design and M&E; (3) understanding and implementation of gender mainstreaming among programme staff; \\n Data collection frequency: Every month during the implementation of the programme, and before and after the implementation of the programme.Key question to ask: \\n To what extent was gender mainstreamed in the DDR programme management and its project cycle?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1215, "Sentence":"Purpose of evaluation: To examine the level of gender mainstreaming in each DDR programme\/project cycle and its management; \\n Programme\/Project cycle: (1) Situational analysis and need assessment; (2) project design; (3) project appraisal; (4) secure funding; (5) project implementation; (6) M&E; \\n Gender dimensions of project cycle: (1) Assessment of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 participation; (2) gender-responsive project design and M&E; (3) understanding and implementation of gender mainstreaming among programme staff; \\n Data collection frequency: Every month during the implementation of the programme, and before and after the implementation of the programme.Key question to ask: \\n To what extent was gender mainstreamed in the DDR programme management and its project cycle?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR purpose evaluation examine level gender mainstreaming ddr programme\/project cycle management n programme\/project cycle 1 situational analysis need assessment 2 project design 3 project appraisal 4 secure funding 5 project implementation 6 n gender dimension project cycle 1 assessment woman \u2019 girl \u2019 participation 2 genderresponsive project design 3 understanding implementation gender mainstreaming among programme staff n data collection frequency every month implementation programme implementation programme.key question ask n extent gender mainstreamed ddr programme management project cycle" }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of staff who have participated in gender training \\n 2. % of staff who have used gender analysis framework in needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 3. % of staff who have interviewed girls and women for needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 4. % of staff who have worked with local women\u2019s organizations \\n 5. % of staff who are in charge of female-specific interventions and\/or gender training \\n 6. % of the programme meetings attended by local women\u2019s organizations and female community leaders \\n 7. % of staff who have carried out gender analysis of the DDR programme budget \\n 8. % of indicators and data disaggregated by gender \\n 9. % of indicators and data that reflects female specific status and\/or issues \\n 10. Number of gender trainings conducted for DDR programme staff \\n 11. % of staff who are familiar with Security Council resolution 1325 \\n 12. % of staff who are familiar with gender issues associated with conflicts (e.g. gender-based violence, human trafficking) \\n 13. % of training specifically aimed at understanding gender issues and use of gender analysis frame\u00adworks for those who conduct M&E \\n 14. distribution of guidelines or manual for gender analysis and gender mainstreaming for DDR programme management", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1216, "Sentence":"KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR key measurable indicator n 1 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of staff who have participated in gender training \\n 2. % of staff who have used gender analysis framework in needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 3. % of staff who have interviewed girls and women for needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 4. % of staff who have worked with local women\u2019s organizations \\n 5. % of staff who are in charge of female-specific interventions and\/or gender training \\n 6. % of the programme meetings attended by local women\u2019s organizations and female community leaders \\n 7. % of staff who have carried out gender analysis of the DDR programme budget \\n 8. % of indicators and data disaggregated by gender \\n 9. % of indicators and data that reflects female specific status and\/or issues \\n 10. Number of gender trainings conducted for DDR programme staff \\n 11. % of staff who are familiar with Security Council resolution 1325 \\n 12. % of staff who are familiar with gender issues associated with conflicts (e.g. gender-based violence, human trafficking) \\n 13. % of training specifically aimed at understanding gender issues and use of gender analysis frame\u00adworks for those who conduct M&E \\n 14. distribution of guidelines or manual for gender analysis and gender mainstreaming for DDR programme management", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1216, "Sentence":"% of staff who have participated in gender training \\n 2.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR staff participated gender training n 2 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of staff who have participated in gender training \\n 2. % of staff who have used gender analysis framework in needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 3. % of staff who have interviewed girls and women for needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 4. % of staff who have worked with local women\u2019s organizations \\n 5. % of staff who are in charge of female-specific interventions and\/or gender training \\n 6. % of the programme meetings attended by local women\u2019s organizations and female community leaders \\n 7. % of staff who have carried out gender analysis of the DDR programme budget \\n 8. % of indicators and data disaggregated by gender \\n 9. % of indicators and data that reflects female specific status and\/or issues \\n 10. Number of gender trainings conducted for DDR programme staff \\n 11. % of staff who are familiar with Security Council resolution 1325 \\n 12. % of staff who are familiar with gender issues associated with conflicts (e.g. gender-based violence, human trafficking) \\n 13. % of training specifically aimed at understanding gender issues and use of gender analysis frame\u00adworks for those who conduct M&E \\n 14. distribution of guidelines or manual for gender analysis and gender mainstreaming for DDR programme management", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1216, "Sentence":"% of staff who have used gender analysis framework in needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 3.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR staff used gender analysis framework need assessment situational analysis or\/and evaluation n 3 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of staff who have participated in gender training \\n 2. % of staff who have used gender analysis framework in needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 3. % of staff who have interviewed girls and women for needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 4. % of staff who have worked with local women\u2019s organizations \\n 5. % of staff who are in charge of female-specific interventions and\/or gender training \\n 6. % of the programme meetings attended by local women\u2019s organizations and female community leaders \\n 7. % of staff who have carried out gender analysis of the DDR programme budget \\n 8. % of indicators and data disaggregated by gender \\n 9. % of indicators and data that reflects female specific status and\/or issues \\n 10. Number of gender trainings conducted for DDR programme staff \\n 11. % of staff who are familiar with Security Council resolution 1325 \\n 12. % of staff who are familiar with gender issues associated with conflicts (e.g. gender-based violence, human trafficking) \\n 13. % of training specifically aimed at understanding gender issues and use of gender analysis frame\u00adworks for those who conduct M&E \\n 14. distribution of guidelines or manual for gender analysis and gender mainstreaming for DDR programme management", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1216, "Sentence":"% of staff who have interviewed girls and women for needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 4.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR staff interviewed girl woman need assessment situational analysis or\/and evaluation n 4 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of staff who have participated in gender training \\n 2. % of staff who have used gender analysis framework in needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 3. % of staff who have interviewed girls and women for needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 4. % of staff who have worked with local women\u2019s organizations \\n 5. % of staff who are in charge of female-specific interventions and\/or gender training \\n 6. % of the programme meetings attended by local women\u2019s organizations and female community leaders \\n 7. % of staff who have carried out gender analysis of the DDR programme budget \\n 8. % of indicators and data disaggregated by gender \\n 9. % of indicators and data that reflects female specific status and\/or issues \\n 10. Number of gender trainings conducted for DDR programme staff \\n 11. % of staff who are familiar with Security Council resolution 1325 \\n 12. % of staff who are familiar with gender issues associated with conflicts (e.g. gender-based violence, human trafficking) \\n 13. % of training specifically aimed at understanding gender issues and use of gender analysis frame\u00adworks for those who conduct M&E \\n 14. distribution of guidelines or manual for gender analysis and gender mainstreaming for DDR programme management", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1216, "Sentence":"% of staff who have worked with local women\u2019s organizations \\n 5.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR staff worked local woman \u2019 organization n 5 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of staff who have participated in gender training \\n 2. % of staff who have used gender analysis framework in needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 3. % of staff who have interviewed girls and women for needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 4. % of staff who have worked with local women\u2019s organizations \\n 5. % of staff who are in charge of female-specific interventions and\/or gender training \\n 6. % of the programme meetings attended by local women\u2019s organizations and female community leaders \\n 7. % of staff who have carried out gender analysis of the DDR programme budget \\n 8. % of indicators and data disaggregated by gender \\n 9. % of indicators and data that reflects female specific status and\/or issues \\n 10. Number of gender trainings conducted for DDR programme staff \\n 11. % of staff who are familiar with Security Council resolution 1325 \\n 12. % of staff who are familiar with gender issues associated with conflicts (e.g. gender-based violence, human trafficking) \\n 13. % of training specifically aimed at understanding gender issues and use of gender analysis frame\u00adworks for those who conduct M&E \\n 14. distribution of guidelines or manual for gender analysis and gender mainstreaming for DDR programme management", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1216, "Sentence":"% of staff who are in charge of female-specific interventions and\/or gender training \\n 6.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR staff charge femalespecific intervention and\/or gender training n 6 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of staff who have participated in gender training \\n 2. % of staff who have used gender analysis framework in needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 3. % of staff who have interviewed girls and women for needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 4. % of staff who have worked with local women\u2019s organizations \\n 5. % of staff who are in charge of female-specific interventions and\/or gender training \\n 6. % of the programme meetings attended by local women\u2019s organizations and female community leaders \\n 7. % of staff who have carried out gender analysis of the DDR programme budget \\n 8. % of indicators and data disaggregated by gender \\n 9. % of indicators and data that reflects female specific status and\/or issues \\n 10. Number of gender trainings conducted for DDR programme staff \\n 11. % of staff who are familiar with Security Council resolution 1325 \\n 12. % of staff who are familiar with gender issues associated with conflicts (e.g. gender-based violence, human trafficking) \\n 13. % of training specifically aimed at understanding gender issues and use of gender analysis frame\u00adworks for those who conduct M&E \\n 14. distribution of guidelines or manual for gender analysis and gender mainstreaming for DDR programme management", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1216, "Sentence":"% of the programme meetings attended by local women\u2019s organizations and female community leaders \\n 7.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR programme meeting attended local woman \u2019 organization female community leader n 7 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of staff who have participated in gender training \\n 2. % of staff who have used gender analysis framework in needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 3. % of staff who have interviewed girls and women for needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 4. % of staff who have worked with local women\u2019s organizations \\n 5. % of staff who are in charge of female-specific interventions and\/or gender training \\n 6. % of the programme meetings attended by local women\u2019s organizations and female community leaders \\n 7. % of staff who have carried out gender analysis of the DDR programme budget \\n 8. % of indicators and data disaggregated by gender \\n 9. % of indicators and data that reflects female specific status and\/or issues \\n 10. Number of gender trainings conducted for DDR programme staff \\n 11. % of staff who are familiar with Security Council resolution 1325 \\n 12. % of staff who are familiar with gender issues associated with conflicts (e.g. gender-based violence, human trafficking) \\n 13. % of training specifically aimed at understanding gender issues and use of gender analysis frame\u00adworks for those who conduct M&E \\n 14. distribution of guidelines or manual for gender analysis and gender mainstreaming for DDR programme management", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1216, "Sentence":"% of staff who have carried out gender analysis of the DDR programme budget \\n 8.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR staff carried gender analysis ddr programme budget n 8 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of staff who have participated in gender training \\n 2. % of staff who have used gender analysis framework in needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 3. % of staff who have interviewed girls and women for needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 4. % of staff who have worked with local women\u2019s organizations \\n 5. % of staff who are in charge of female-specific interventions and\/or gender training \\n 6. % of the programme meetings attended by local women\u2019s organizations and female community leaders \\n 7. % of staff who have carried out gender analysis of the DDR programme budget \\n 8. % of indicators and data disaggregated by gender \\n 9. % of indicators and data that reflects female specific status and\/or issues \\n 10. Number of gender trainings conducted for DDR programme staff \\n 11. % of staff who are familiar with Security Council resolution 1325 \\n 12. % of staff who are familiar with gender issues associated with conflicts (e.g. gender-based violence, human trafficking) \\n 13. % of training specifically aimed at understanding gender issues and use of gender analysis frame\u00adworks for those who conduct M&E \\n 14. distribution of guidelines or manual for gender analysis and gender mainstreaming for DDR programme management", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1216, "Sentence":"% of indicators and data disaggregated by gender \\n 9.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR indicator data disaggregated gender n 9 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of staff who have participated in gender training \\n 2. % of staff who have used gender analysis framework in needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 3. % of staff who have interviewed girls and women for needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 4. % of staff who have worked with local women\u2019s organizations \\n 5. % of staff who are in charge of female-specific interventions and\/or gender training \\n 6. % of the programme meetings attended by local women\u2019s organizations and female community leaders \\n 7. % of staff who have carried out gender analysis of the DDR programme budget \\n 8. % of indicators and data disaggregated by gender \\n 9. % of indicators and data that reflects female specific status and\/or issues \\n 10. Number of gender trainings conducted for DDR programme staff \\n 11. % of staff who are familiar with Security Council resolution 1325 \\n 12. % of staff who are familiar with gender issues associated with conflicts (e.g. gender-based violence, human trafficking) \\n 13. % of training specifically aimed at understanding gender issues and use of gender analysis frame\u00adworks for those who conduct M&E \\n 14. distribution of guidelines or manual for gender analysis and gender mainstreaming for DDR programme management", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1216, "Sentence":"% of indicators and data that reflects female specific status and\/or issues \\n 10.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR indicator data reflects female specific status and\/or issue n 10 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of staff who have participated in gender training \\n 2. % of staff who have used gender analysis framework in needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 3. % of staff who have interviewed girls and women for needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 4. % of staff who have worked with local women\u2019s organizations \\n 5. % of staff who are in charge of female-specific interventions and\/or gender training \\n 6. % of the programme meetings attended by local women\u2019s organizations and female community leaders \\n 7. % of staff who have carried out gender analysis of the DDR programme budget \\n 8. % of indicators and data disaggregated by gender \\n 9. % of indicators and data that reflects female specific status and\/or issues \\n 10. Number of gender trainings conducted for DDR programme staff \\n 11. % of staff who are familiar with Security Council resolution 1325 \\n 12. % of staff who are familiar with gender issues associated with conflicts (e.g. gender-based violence, human trafficking) \\n 13. % of training specifically aimed at understanding gender issues and use of gender analysis frame\u00adworks for those who conduct M&E \\n 14. distribution of guidelines or manual for gender analysis and gender mainstreaming for DDR programme management", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1216, "Sentence":"Number of gender trainings conducted for DDR programme staff \\n 11.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR number gender training conducted ddr programme staff n 11 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of staff who have participated in gender training \\n 2. % of staff who have used gender analysis framework in needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 3. % of staff who have interviewed girls and women for needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 4. % of staff who have worked with local women\u2019s organizations \\n 5. % of staff who are in charge of female-specific interventions and\/or gender training \\n 6. % of the programme meetings attended by local women\u2019s organizations and female community leaders \\n 7. % of staff who have carried out gender analysis of the DDR programme budget \\n 8. % of indicators and data disaggregated by gender \\n 9. % of indicators and data that reflects female specific status and\/or issues \\n 10. Number of gender trainings conducted for DDR programme staff \\n 11. % of staff who are familiar with Security Council resolution 1325 \\n 12. % of staff who are familiar with gender issues associated with conflicts (e.g. gender-based violence, human trafficking) \\n 13. % of training specifically aimed at understanding gender issues and use of gender analysis frame\u00adworks for those who conduct M&E \\n 14. distribution of guidelines or manual for gender analysis and gender mainstreaming for DDR programme management", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1216, "Sentence":"% of staff who are familiar with Security Council resolution 1325 \\n 12.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR staff familiar security council resolution 1325 n 12 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of staff who have participated in gender training \\n 2. % of staff who have used gender analysis framework in needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 3. % of staff who have interviewed girls and women for needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 4. % of staff who have worked with local women\u2019s organizations \\n 5. % of staff who are in charge of female-specific interventions and\/or gender training \\n 6. % of the programme meetings attended by local women\u2019s organizations and female community leaders \\n 7. % of staff who have carried out gender analysis of the DDR programme budget \\n 8. % of indicators and data disaggregated by gender \\n 9. % of indicators and data that reflects female specific status and\/or issues \\n 10. Number of gender trainings conducted for DDR programme staff \\n 11. % of staff who are familiar with Security Council resolution 1325 \\n 12. % of staff who are familiar with gender issues associated with conflicts (e.g. gender-based violence, human trafficking) \\n 13. % of training specifically aimed at understanding gender issues and use of gender analysis frame\u00adworks for those who conduct M&E \\n 14. distribution of guidelines or manual for gender analysis and gender mainstreaming for DDR programme management", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1216, "Sentence":"% of staff who are familiar with gender issues associated with conflicts (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR staff familiar gender issue associated conflict e.g ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of staff who have participated in gender training \\n 2. % of staff who have used gender analysis framework in needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 3. % of staff who have interviewed girls and women for needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 4. % of staff who have worked with local women\u2019s organizations \\n 5. % of staff who are in charge of female-specific interventions and\/or gender training \\n 6. % of the programme meetings attended by local women\u2019s organizations and female community leaders \\n 7. % of staff who have carried out gender analysis of the DDR programme budget \\n 8. % of indicators and data disaggregated by gender \\n 9. % of indicators and data that reflects female specific status and\/or issues \\n 10. Number of gender trainings conducted for DDR programme staff \\n 11. % of staff who are familiar with Security Council resolution 1325 \\n 12. % of staff who are familiar with gender issues associated with conflicts (e.g. gender-based violence, human trafficking) \\n 13. % of training specifically aimed at understanding gender issues and use of gender analysis frame\u00adworks for those who conduct M&E \\n 14. distribution of guidelines or manual for gender analysis and gender mainstreaming for DDR programme management", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1216, "Sentence":"gender-based violence, human trafficking) \\n 13.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR genderbased violence human trafficking n 13 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex D: Gender-responsive DDR programme management frameworks and indicators .", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"KEY MEASURABLE INDICATORS \\n 1. % of staff who have participated in gender training \\n 2. % of staff who have used gender analysis framework in needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 3. % of staff who have interviewed girls and women for needs assessment, situational analyses or\/and evaluation \\n 4. % of staff who have worked with local women\u2019s organizations \\n 5. % of staff who are in charge of female-specific interventions and\/or gender training \\n 6. % of the programme meetings attended by local women\u2019s organizations and female community leaders \\n 7. % of staff who have carried out gender analysis of the DDR programme budget \\n 8. % of indicators and data disaggregated by gender \\n 9. % of indicators and data that reflects female specific status and\/or issues \\n 10. Number of gender trainings conducted for DDR programme staff \\n 11. % of staff who are familiar with Security Council resolution 1325 \\n 12. % of staff who are familiar with gender issues associated with conflicts (e.g. gender-based violence, human trafficking) \\n 13. % of training specifically aimed at understanding gender issues and use of gender analysis frame\u00adworks for those who conduct M&E \\n 14. distribution of guidelines or manual for gender analysis and gender mainstreaming for DDR programme management", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1216, "Sentence":"% of training specifically aimed at understanding gender issues and use of gender analysis frame\u00adworks for those who conduct M&E \\n 14. distribution of guidelines or manual for gender analysis and gender mainstreaming for DDR programme management", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR training specifically aimed understanding gender issue use gender analysis frame\u00adworks conduct n 14. distribution guideline manual gender analysis gender mainstreaming ddr programme management" }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex E: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"This module was largely derived from: UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), Get- ting It Right, Doing It Right: Gender and Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration, UNIFEM, New York, October 2004. \\n\\n Other key sources include: \\n Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), \u2018Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective into Multi-dimensional Peace Operations, DPKO Lessons Learned Unit, New York, July 2000, http:\/\/ pbpu.unlb.org\/pbpu\/library\/Gender%20Mainstreaming%202000.pdf. \\n Farr, Vanessa, \u2018Gendering Disarmament as a Peace-building Tool\u2019, Paper No. 20, Bonn Inter- national Center for Conversion, 2002, http:\/\/www.bicc.de\/publications\/papers\/paper20\/ paper20.pdf. \\n March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Pro- tection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/ women\/Girls\/girlsmainEN.html. \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Women, War, Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assess- ment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, UNIFEM, New York, 2002.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1217, "Sentence":"This module was largely derived from: UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), Get- ting It Right, Doing It Right: Gender and Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration, UNIFEM, New York, October 2004.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR module largely derived un development fund woman unifem get ting right right gender disarmament demobilization reintegration unifem new york october 2004 ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex E: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"This module was largely derived from: UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), Get- ting It Right, Doing It Right: Gender and Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration, UNIFEM, New York, October 2004. \\n\\n Other key sources include: \\n Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), \u2018Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective into Multi-dimensional Peace Operations, DPKO Lessons Learned Unit, New York, July 2000, http:\/\/ pbpu.unlb.org\/pbpu\/library\/Gender%20Mainstreaming%202000.pdf. \\n Farr, Vanessa, \u2018Gendering Disarmament as a Peace-building Tool\u2019, Paper No. 20, Bonn Inter- national Center for Conversion, 2002, http:\/\/www.bicc.de\/publications\/papers\/paper20\/ paper20.pdf. \\n March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Pro- tection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/ women\/Girls\/girlsmainEN.html. \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Women, War, Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assess- ment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, UNIFEM, New York, 2002.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1217, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Other key sources include: \\n Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), \u2018Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective into Multi-dimensional Peace Operations, DPKO Lessons Learned Unit, New York, July 2000, http:\/\/ pbpu.unlb.org\/pbpu\/library\/Gender%20Mainstreaming%202000.pdf.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR nn key source include n department peacekeeping operation dpko \u2018 mainstreaming gender perspective multidimensional peace operation dpko lesson learned unit new york july 2000 http\/\/ pbpu.unlb.org\/pbpu\/library\/gender20mainstreaming202000.pdf ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex E: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"This module was largely derived from: UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), Get- ting It Right, Doing It Right: Gender and Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration, UNIFEM, New York, October 2004. \\n\\n Other key sources include: \\n Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), \u2018Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective into Multi-dimensional Peace Operations, DPKO Lessons Learned Unit, New York, July 2000, http:\/\/ pbpu.unlb.org\/pbpu\/library\/Gender%20Mainstreaming%202000.pdf. \\n Farr, Vanessa, \u2018Gendering Disarmament as a Peace-building Tool\u2019, Paper No. 20, Bonn Inter- national Center for Conversion, 2002, http:\/\/www.bicc.de\/publications\/papers\/paper20\/ paper20.pdf. \\n March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Pro- tection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/ women\/Girls\/girlsmainEN.html. \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Women, War, Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assess- ment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, UNIFEM, New York, 2002.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1217, "Sentence":"\\n Farr, Vanessa, \u2018Gendering Disarmament as a Peace-building Tool\u2019, Paper No.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n farr vanessa \u2018 gendering disarmament peacebuilding tool \u2019 paper ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex E: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"This module was largely derived from: UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), Get- ting It Right, Doing It Right: Gender and Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration, UNIFEM, New York, October 2004. \\n\\n Other key sources include: \\n Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), \u2018Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective into Multi-dimensional Peace Operations, DPKO Lessons Learned Unit, New York, July 2000, http:\/\/ pbpu.unlb.org\/pbpu\/library\/Gender%20Mainstreaming%202000.pdf. \\n Farr, Vanessa, \u2018Gendering Disarmament as a Peace-building Tool\u2019, Paper No. 20, Bonn Inter- national Center for Conversion, 2002, http:\/\/www.bicc.de\/publications\/papers\/paper20\/ paper20.pdf. \\n March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Pro- tection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/ women\/Girls\/girlsmainEN.html. \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Women, War, Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assess- ment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, UNIFEM, New York, 2002.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1217, "Sentence":"20, Bonn Inter- national Center for Conversion, 2002, http:\/\/www.bicc.de\/publications\/papers\/paper20\/ paper20.pdf.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR 20 bonn inter national center conversion 2002 http\/\/www.bicc.de\/publications\/papers\/paper20\/ paper20.pdf ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex E: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"This module was largely derived from: UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), Get- ting It Right, Doing It Right: Gender and Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration, UNIFEM, New York, October 2004. \\n\\n Other key sources include: \\n Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), \u2018Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective into Multi-dimensional Peace Operations, DPKO Lessons Learned Unit, New York, July 2000, http:\/\/ pbpu.unlb.org\/pbpu\/library\/Gender%20Mainstreaming%202000.pdf. \\n Farr, Vanessa, \u2018Gendering Disarmament as a Peace-building Tool\u2019, Paper No. 20, Bonn Inter- national Center for Conversion, 2002, http:\/\/www.bicc.de\/publications\/papers\/paper20\/ paper20.pdf. \\n March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Pro- tection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/ women\/Girls\/girlsmainEN.html. \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Women, War, Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assess- ment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, UNIFEM, New York, 2002.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1217, "Sentence":"\\n March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n march candida ines smyth maitrayee mukhopadhyay guide genderanalysis framework oxfam press oxford 1999 ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex E: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"This module was largely derived from: UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), Get- ting It Right, Doing It Right: Gender and Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration, UNIFEM, New York, October 2004. \\n\\n Other key sources include: \\n Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), \u2018Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective into Multi-dimensional Peace Operations, DPKO Lessons Learned Unit, New York, July 2000, http:\/\/ pbpu.unlb.org\/pbpu\/library\/Gender%20Mainstreaming%202000.pdf. \\n Farr, Vanessa, \u2018Gendering Disarmament as a Peace-building Tool\u2019, Paper No. 20, Bonn Inter- national Center for Conversion, 2002, http:\/\/www.bicc.de\/publications\/papers\/paper20\/ paper20.pdf. \\n March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Pro- tection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/ women\/Girls\/girlsmainEN.html. \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Women, War, Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assess- ment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, UNIFEM, New York, 2002.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1217, "Sentence":"\\n Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n mazurana dyan susan mckay girl" }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex E: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"This module was largely derived from: UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), Get- ting It Right, Doing It Right: Gender and Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration, UNIFEM, New York, October 2004. \\n\\n Other key sources include: \\n Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), \u2018Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective into Multi-dimensional Peace Operations, DPKO Lessons Learned Unit, New York, July 2000, http:\/\/ pbpu.unlb.org\/pbpu\/library\/Gender%20Mainstreaming%202000.pdf. \\n Farr, Vanessa, \u2018Gendering Disarmament as a Peace-building Tool\u2019, Paper No. 20, Bonn Inter- national Center for Conversion, 2002, http:\/\/www.bicc.de\/publications\/papers\/paper20\/ paper20.pdf. \\n March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Pro- tection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/ women\/Girls\/girlsmainEN.html. \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Women, War, Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assess- ment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, UNIFEM, New York, 2002.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1217, "Sentence":"Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Pro- tection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/ women\/Girls\/girlsmainEN.html.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR girl fighting force northern uganda sierra leone mozambique canadian international development agency child pro tection research fund march 2004 http\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/ women\/girls\/girlsmainen.html ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Annex E: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"This module was largely derived from: UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), Get- ting It Right, Doing It Right: Gender and Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration, UNIFEM, New York, October 2004. \\n\\n Other key sources include: \\n Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), \u2018Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective into Multi-dimensional Peace Operations, DPKO Lessons Learned Unit, New York, July 2000, http:\/\/ pbpu.unlb.org\/pbpu\/library\/Gender%20Mainstreaming%202000.pdf. \\n Farr, Vanessa, \u2018Gendering Disarmament as a Peace-building Tool\u2019, Paper No. 20, Bonn Inter- national Center for Conversion, 2002, http:\/\/www.bicc.de\/publications\/papers\/paper20\/ paper20.pdf. \\n March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Pro- tection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/ women\/Girls\/girlsmainEN.html. \\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Women, War, Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assess- ment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, UNIFEM, New York, 2002.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1217, "Sentence":"\\n Rehn, Elisabeth and Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Women, War, Peace: The Independent Experts\u2019 Assess- ment on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Women and Women\u2019s Role in Peace-building, UNIFEM, New York, 2002.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n rehn elisabeth ellen johnsonsirleaf woman war peace independent expert \u2019 ass ment impact armed conflict woman woman \u2019 role peacebuilding unifem new york 2002 ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 1 nussbaum martha woman human development cambridge university press cambridge 2000 ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls?", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 2 mazurana dyan susan mckay girl" }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR girl fighting force northern uganda sierra leone mozambique \u2019 canadian international development agency child protection research fund march 2004 http\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/girls\/girlsmain en.html ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 3 un educational scientific cultural organization unesco gender mainstreaming imple mentation framework 2002 http\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 4 http\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 5 From UNESCO, op.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 5 unesco op ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"cit.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR cit ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 6 Ibid.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 6 ibid ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 7 statistic woman \u2019 participation peace operation available \u2018 peacekeeping watch \u2019 http\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 8 http\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 9 From UNESCO, op.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 9 unesco op ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"cit.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR cit ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 10 http\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.aspparentid10314 ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 11 march candida ines smyth maitrayee mukhopadhyay guide genderanalysis framework oxfam press oxford 1999 ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 12 From UNESCO, op.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 12 unesco op ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"cit.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR cit ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 13 Ibid.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 13 ibid ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 14 Ibid.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 14 ibid ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 15 Ibid.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 15 ibid ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 16 Ibid.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 16 ibid ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 17 Ibid.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 17 ibid ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 18 http\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 19 checklist drawn partially un interagency taskforce woman peace security gender checklist peace operation june 2003 ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 20 question drawn de watteville nathalie addressing gender issue demobili zation reintegration program world bank washington dc may 2002 http\/\/www.worldbank ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 21 march smyth mukhopadhyay op ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"cit.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR cit ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.10-Women-Gender-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Women Gender and DDR", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Nussbaum, Martha, Women and Human Development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000. \\n 2 Mazurana, Dyan and Susan McKay, Where Are the Girls? Girls in Fighting Forces in Northern Uganda, Sierra Leone and Mozambique\u2019, Canadian International Development Agency, Child Protection Research Fund, March 2004, http:\/\/www.ichrdd.ca\/english\/commdoc\/publications\/women\/Girls\/girlsmain EN.html. \\n 3 From UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Gender Mainstreaming Imple- mentation Framework, 2002, http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0013\/001318\/131854e.pdf. \\n 4 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 5 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Statistics on women\u2019s participation in peace operations available at \u2018Peacekeeping Watch\u2019, http:\/\/ www.peacewomen.org\/un\/pkwatch\/pkindex.html. \\n 8 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/osagi\/conceptsandefinitions.htm. \\n 9 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 10 http:\/\/www.un.org\/womenwatch\/asp\/user\/list.asp?ParentID=10314. \\n 11 March, Candida, Ines Smyth and Maitrayee Mukhopadhyay, A Guide to Gender-analysis Frameworks, Oxfam Press, Oxford, 1999. \\n 12 From UNESCO, op. cit. \\n 13 Ibid. \\n 14 Ibid. \\n 15 Ibid. \\n 16 Ibid. \\n 17 Ibid. \\n 18 http:\/\/www1.umn.edu\/humanrts\/instree\/e4devw.htm. \\n 19 This checklist is drawn partially from UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security, Gender Checklist for Peace Operations, June 2003. \\n 20 Some of the questions are drawn from De Watteville, Nathalie, Addressing Gender Issues in Demobili- zation and Reintegration Programs, World Bank, Washington, DC, May 2002, http:\/\/www.worldbank. org\/afr\/wps\/wp33.pdf. \\n 21 March, Smyth and Mukhopadhyay, op. cit. \\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1218, "Sentence":"\\n 22 This matrix is based on ibid.", "ProcessedSent":"Women Gender and DDR n 22 matrix based ibid ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module is intended to assist operators and managers from other sectors who are involved in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR), as well as health practitioners, to understand how health partners, like the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations (UN) Population Fund (UNFPA), Joint UN Programme on AIDS (UNAIDS), Inter- national Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and so on, can make their best contribution to the short- and long-term goals of DDR. It provides a framework to support cooperative decision-making for health action rather than technical advice on health care needs. Its intended audiences are generalists who need to be aware of each component of a DDR pro- cess, including health actions; and health practitioners who, when called upon to support the DDR process, might need some basic guidance and reference on the subject to help contextualize their technical expertise. Because of its close interconnections with these areas, the module should be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1219, "Sentence":"This module is intended to assist operators and managers from other sectors who are involved in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR), as well as health practitioners, to understand how health partners, like the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations (UN) Population Fund (UNFPA), Joint UN Programme on AIDS (UNAIDS), Inter- national Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and so on, can make their best contribution to the short- and long-term goals of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR module intended assist operator manager sector involved disarmament demobilization reintegration ddr well health practitioner understand health partner like world health organization united nation un population fund unfpa joint un programme aid unaids inter national committee red cross icrc make best contribution short longterm goal ddr ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module is intended to assist operators and managers from other sectors who are involved in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR), as well as health practitioners, to understand how health partners, like the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations (UN) Population Fund (UNFPA), Joint UN Programme on AIDS (UNAIDS), Inter- national Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and so on, can make their best contribution to the short- and long-term goals of DDR. It provides a framework to support cooperative decision-making for health action rather than technical advice on health care needs. Its intended audiences are generalists who need to be aware of each component of a DDR pro- cess, including health actions; and health practitioners who, when called upon to support the DDR process, might need some basic guidance and reference on the subject to help contextualize their technical expertise. Because of its close interconnections with these areas, the module should be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1219, "Sentence":"It provides a framework to support cooperative decision-making for health action rather than technical advice on health care needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR provides framework support cooperative decisionmaking health action rather technical advice health care need ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module is intended to assist operators and managers from other sectors who are involved in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR), as well as health practitioners, to understand how health partners, like the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations (UN) Population Fund (UNFPA), Joint UN Programme on AIDS (UNAIDS), Inter- national Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and so on, can make their best contribution to the short- and long-term goals of DDR. It provides a framework to support cooperative decision-making for health action rather than technical advice on health care needs. Its intended audiences are generalists who need to be aware of each component of a DDR pro- cess, including health actions; and health practitioners who, when called upon to support the DDR process, might need some basic guidance and reference on the subject to help contextualize their technical expertise. Because of its close interconnections with these areas, the module should be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1219, "Sentence":"Its intended audiences are generalists who need to be aware of each component of a DDR pro- cess, including health actions; and health practitioners who, when called upon to support the DDR process, might need some basic guidance and reference on the subject to help contextualize their technical expertise.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR intended audience generalist need aware component ddr pro ce including health action health practitioner called upon support ddr process might need basic guidance reference subject help contextualize technical expertise ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module is intended to assist operators and managers from other sectors who are involved in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR), as well as health practitioners, to understand how health partners, like the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations (UN) Population Fund (UNFPA), Joint UN Programme on AIDS (UNAIDS), Inter- national Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and so on, can make their best contribution to the short- and long-term goals of DDR. It provides a framework to support cooperative decision-making for health action rather than technical advice on health care needs. Its intended audiences are generalists who need to be aware of each component of a DDR pro- cess, including health actions; and health practitioners who, when called upon to support the DDR process, might need some basic guidance and reference on the subject to help contextualize their technical expertise. Because of its close interconnections with these areas, the module should be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1219, "Sentence":"Because of its close interconnections with these areas, the module should be read in conjunction with IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR and IDDRS 5.50 on Food Aid Programmes in DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR close interconnection area module read conjunction iddrs 5.60 hiv\/aids ddr iddrs 5.50 food aid programme ddr ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module is intended to assist operators and managers from other sectors who are involved in DDR, as well as health practitioners, to understand how health partners can make their best contribution to the short- and long-term goals of DDR. It provides a framework to support decision-making for health actions. The module highlights key areas that deserve attention and details the specific challenges that are likely to emerge when operating within a DDR framework. It cannot provide a response to all technical problems, but it provides technical references when these are relevant and appropriate, and it assumes that managers, generalists and experienced health staff will consult with each other and coordinate their efforts when planning and implementing health programmes.As the objective of this module is to provide a platform for dialogue in support of the design and implementation of health programmes within a DDR framework, there are two intended audiences: generalists who need to be aware of each component of a DDR process, including health actions; and health practitioners who, when called upon to support the DDR process, might need some basic guidance and reference on the subject to help contex- tualize their technical expertise.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1220, "Sentence":"This module is intended to assist operators and managers from other sectors who are involved in DDR, as well as health practitioners, to understand how health partners can make their best contribution to the short- and long-term goals of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR module intended assist operator manager sector involved ddr well health practitioner understand health partner make best contribution short longterm goal ddr ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module is intended to assist operators and managers from other sectors who are involved in DDR, as well as health practitioners, to understand how health partners can make their best contribution to the short- and long-term goals of DDR. It provides a framework to support decision-making for health actions. The module highlights key areas that deserve attention and details the specific challenges that are likely to emerge when operating within a DDR framework. It cannot provide a response to all technical problems, but it provides technical references when these are relevant and appropriate, and it assumes that managers, generalists and experienced health staff will consult with each other and coordinate their efforts when planning and implementing health programmes.As the objective of this module is to provide a platform for dialogue in support of the design and implementation of health programmes within a DDR framework, there are two intended audiences: generalists who need to be aware of each component of a DDR process, including health actions; and health practitioners who, when called upon to support the DDR process, might need some basic guidance and reference on the subject to help contex- tualize their technical expertise.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1220, "Sentence":"It provides a framework to support decision-making for health actions.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR provides framework support decisionmaking health action ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module is intended to assist operators and managers from other sectors who are involved in DDR, as well as health practitioners, to understand how health partners can make their best contribution to the short- and long-term goals of DDR. It provides a framework to support decision-making for health actions. The module highlights key areas that deserve attention and details the specific challenges that are likely to emerge when operating within a DDR framework. It cannot provide a response to all technical problems, but it provides technical references when these are relevant and appropriate, and it assumes that managers, generalists and experienced health staff will consult with each other and coordinate their efforts when planning and implementing health programmes.As the objective of this module is to provide a platform for dialogue in support of the design and implementation of health programmes within a DDR framework, there are two intended audiences: generalists who need to be aware of each component of a DDR process, including health actions; and health practitioners who, when called upon to support the DDR process, might need some basic guidance and reference on the subject to help contex- tualize their technical expertise.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1220, "Sentence":"The module highlights key areas that deserve attention and details the specific challenges that are likely to emerge when operating within a DDR framework.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR module highlight key area deserve attention detail specific challenge likely emerge operating within ddr framework ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module is intended to assist operators and managers from other sectors who are involved in DDR, as well as health practitioners, to understand how health partners can make their best contribution to the short- and long-term goals of DDR. It provides a framework to support decision-making for health actions. The module highlights key areas that deserve attention and details the specific challenges that are likely to emerge when operating within a DDR framework. It cannot provide a response to all technical problems, but it provides technical references when these are relevant and appropriate, and it assumes that managers, generalists and experienced health staff will consult with each other and coordinate their efforts when planning and implementing health programmes.As the objective of this module is to provide a platform for dialogue in support of the design and implementation of health programmes within a DDR framework, there are two intended audiences: generalists who need to be aware of each component of a DDR process, including health actions; and health practitioners who, when called upon to support the DDR process, might need some basic guidance and reference on the subject to help contex- tualize their technical expertise.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1220, "Sentence":"It cannot provide a response to all technical problems, but it provides technical references when these are relevant and appropriate, and it assumes that managers, generalists and experienced health staff will consult with each other and coordinate their efforts when planning and implementing health programmes.As the objective of this module is to provide a platform for dialogue in support of the design and implementation of health programmes within a DDR framework, there are two intended audiences: generalists who need to be aware of each component of a DDR process, including health actions; and health practitioners who, when called upon to support the DDR process, might need some basic guidance and reference on the subject to help contex- tualize their technical expertise.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR provide response technical problem provides technical reference relevant appropriate assumes manager generalist experienced health staff consult coordinate effort planning implementing health programmes.as objective module provide platform dialogue support design implementation health programme within ddr framework two intended audience generalist need aware component ddr process including health action health practitioner called upon support ddr process might need basic guidance reference subject help contex tualize technical expertise ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1221, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR annex contains list term definition abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1221, "Sentence":"A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR com\u00ad plete glossary term definition abbreviation used series integrated ddr standard iddrs given iddrs 1.20 ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1221, "Sentence":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1221, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR use consistent language used international organization standardization iso standard guideline n \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action n \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability n e \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module consolidates the lessons learned by WHO and its partners, including UNFPA, UNAIDS, ICRC, etc., in supporting DDR processes in a number of countries. UN technical agencies play a supportive role within a DDR framework, and WHO has a specific respon- sibility as far as health is concerned. The exact nature of this role may change in different situations, ranging from standards-setting to direct operational responsibilities such as con- tracting with and supervising non-governmental organizations (NGOs) delivering health care and health-related activities in assembly areas and demobilization sites, negotiating with conflicting parties to implement health programmes, and supporting the provision of health equipment and services in transit\/cantonment areas.The priority of public health partners in DDR is: \\n to assess health situations and monitor levels of risk; \\n to co-ordinate the work of health actors and others whose activities contribute to health (e.g., food programmes); \\n to provide \u2014 or to ensure that others provide \u2014 key health services that may be lacking in particular contexts where DDR programmes are operating; \\n to build capacity within national authorities and civil society.Experience shows that, even with the technical support offered by UN and partner agencies, meeting these priorities can be difficult. Both in the initial demobilization phase and afterwards in the reintegration period, combatants, child soldiers, women associated with armed forces and groups, and their dependants may present a range of specific needs to which the national health sector is not always capable of responding. While the basic mech- anisms governing the interaction between individuals and the various threats to their health are very much the same anywhere, what alters is the environment where these interactions take place, e.g., in terms of epidemiological profile, security and political context. In each country where a DDR process is being implemented, even without considering the different features of each process itself, a unique set of health needs will have to be met. Nonetheless, some general lessons can be drawn from the past: \\n In DDR processes, the short-term planning that is part of humanitarian interventions also needs to be built into a medium- to long-term framework. This applies to health as well as to other sectors;1 \\n A clear understanding of the various phases laid out in the peace process in general and specified for DDR in particular is vital for the appropriate timing, delivery and targeting of health activities;2 \\n The capacity to identify and engage key stakeholders and build long-term capacity is essential for coordination, implementation and sustainability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1222, "Sentence":"This module consolidates the lessons learned by WHO and its partners, including UNFPA, UNAIDS, ICRC, etc., in supporting DDR processes in a number of countries.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR module consolidates lesson learned partner including unfpa unaids icrc etc . supporting ddr process number country ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module consolidates the lessons learned by WHO and its partners, including UNFPA, UNAIDS, ICRC, etc., in supporting DDR processes in a number of countries. UN technical agencies play a supportive role within a DDR framework, and WHO has a specific respon- sibility as far as health is concerned. The exact nature of this role may change in different situations, ranging from standards-setting to direct operational responsibilities such as con- tracting with and supervising non-governmental organizations (NGOs) delivering health care and health-related activities in assembly areas and demobilization sites, negotiating with conflicting parties to implement health programmes, and supporting the provision of health equipment and services in transit\/cantonment areas.The priority of public health partners in DDR is: \\n to assess health situations and monitor levels of risk; \\n to co-ordinate the work of health actors and others whose activities contribute to health (e.g., food programmes); \\n to provide \u2014 or to ensure that others provide \u2014 key health services that may be lacking in particular contexts where DDR programmes are operating; \\n to build capacity within national authorities and civil society.Experience shows that, even with the technical support offered by UN and partner agencies, meeting these priorities can be difficult. Both in the initial demobilization phase and afterwards in the reintegration period, combatants, child soldiers, women associated with armed forces and groups, and their dependants may present a range of specific needs to which the national health sector is not always capable of responding. While the basic mech- anisms governing the interaction between individuals and the various threats to their health are very much the same anywhere, what alters is the environment where these interactions take place, e.g., in terms of epidemiological profile, security and political context. In each country where a DDR process is being implemented, even without considering the different features of each process itself, a unique set of health needs will have to be met. Nonetheless, some general lessons can be drawn from the past: \\n In DDR processes, the short-term planning that is part of humanitarian interventions also needs to be built into a medium- to long-term framework. This applies to health as well as to other sectors;1 \\n A clear understanding of the various phases laid out in the peace process in general and specified for DDR in particular is vital for the appropriate timing, delivery and targeting of health activities;2 \\n The capacity to identify and engage key stakeholders and build long-term capacity is essential for coordination, implementation and sustainability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1222, "Sentence":"UN technical agencies play a supportive role within a DDR framework, and WHO has a specific respon- sibility as far as health is concerned.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR un technical agency play supportive role within ddr framework specific respon sibility far health concerned ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module consolidates the lessons learned by WHO and its partners, including UNFPA, UNAIDS, ICRC, etc., in supporting DDR processes in a number of countries. UN technical agencies play a supportive role within a DDR framework, and WHO has a specific respon- sibility as far as health is concerned. The exact nature of this role may change in different situations, ranging from standards-setting to direct operational responsibilities such as con- tracting with and supervising non-governmental organizations (NGOs) delivering health care and health-related activities in assembly areas and demobilization sites, negotiating with conflicting parties to implement health programmes, and supporting the provision of health equipment and services in transit\/cantonment areas.The priority of public health partners in DDR is: \\n to assess health situations and monitor levels of risk; \\n to co-ordinate the work of health actors and others whose activities contribute to health (e.g., food programmes); \\n to provide \u2014 or to ensure that others provide \u2014 key health services that may be lacking in particular contexts where DDR programmes are operating; \\n to build capacity within national authorities and civil society.Experience shows that, even with the technical support offered by UN and partner agencies, meeting these priorities can be difficult. Both in the initial demobilization phase and afterwards in the reintegration period, combatants, child soldiers, women associated with armed forces and groups, and their dependants may present a range of specific needs to which the national health sector is not always capable of responding. While the basic mech- anisms governing the interaction between individuals and the various threats to their health are very much the same anywhere, what alters is the environment where these interactions take place, e.g., in terms of epidemiological profile, security and political context. In each country where a DDR process is being implemented, even without considering the different features of each process itself, a unique set of health needs will have to be met. Nonetheless, some general lessons can be drawn from the past: \\n In DDR processes, the short-term planning that is part of humanitarian interventions also needs to be built into a medium- to long-term framework. This applies to health as well as to other sectors;1 \\n A clear understanding of the various phases laid out in the peace process in general and specified for DDR in particular is vital for the appropriate timing, delivery and targeting of health activities;2 \\n The capacity to identify and engage key stakeholders and build long-term capacity is essential for coordination, implementation and sustainability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1222, "Sentence":"The exact nature of this role may change in different situations, ranging from standards-setting to direct operational responsibilities such as con- tracting with and supervising non-governmental organizations (NGOs) delivering health care and health-related activities in assembly areas and demobilization sites, negotiating with conflicting parties to implement health programmes, and supporting the provision of health equipment and services in transit\/cantonment areas.The priority of public health partners in DDR is: \\n to assess health situations and monitor levels of risk; \\n to co-ordinate the work of health actors and others whose activities contribute to health (e.g., food programmes); \\n to provide \u2014 or to ensure that others provide \u2014 key health services that may be lacking in particular contexts where DDR programmes are operating; \\n to build capacity within national authorities and civil society.Experience shows that, even with the technical support offered by UN and partner agencies, meeting these priorities can be difficult.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR exact nature role may change different situation ranging standardssetting direct operational responsibility con tracting supervising nongovernmental organization ngo delivering health care healthrelated activity assembly area demobilization site negotiating conflicting party implement health programme supporting provision health equipment service transit\/cantonment areas.the priority public health partner ddr n ass health situation monitor level risk n coordinate work health actor others whose activity contribute health e.g . food programme n provide \u2014 ensure others provide \u2014 key health service may lacking particular context ddr programme operating n build capacity within national authority civil society.experience show even technical support offered un partner agency meeting priority difficult ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module consolidates the lessons learned by WHO and its partners, including UNFPA, UNAIDS, ICRC, etc., in supporting DDR processes in a number of countries. UN technical agencies play a supportive role within a DDR framework, and WHO has a specific respon- sibility as far as health is concerned. The exact nature of this role may change in different situations, ranging from standards-setting to direct operational responsibilities such as con- tracting with and supervising non-governmental organizations (NGOs) delivering health care and health-related activities in assembly areas and demobilization sites, negotiating with conflicting parties to implement health programmes, and supporting the provision of health equipment and services in transit\/cantonment areas.The priority of public health partners in DDR is: \\n to assess health situations and monitor levels of risk; \\n to co-ordinate the work of health actors and others whose activities contribute to health (e.g., food programmes); \\n to provide \u2014 or to ensure that others provide \u2014 key health services that may be lacking in particular contexts where DDR programmes are operating; \\n to build capacity within national authorities and civil society.Experience shows that, even with the technical support offered by UN and partner agencies, meeting these priorities can be difficult. Both in the initial demobilization phase and afterwards in the reintegration period, combatants, child soldiers, women associated with armed forces and groups, and their dependants may present a range of specific needs to which the national health sector is not always capable of responding. While the basic mech- anisms governing the interaction between individuals and the various threats to their health are very much the same anywhere, what alters is the environment where these interactions take place, e.g., in terms of epidemiological profile, security and political context. In each country where a DDR process is being implemented, even without considering the different features of each process itself, a unique set of health needs will have to be met. Nonetheless, some general lessons can be drawn from the past: \\n In DDR processes, the short-term planning that is part of humanitarian interventions also needs to be built into a medium- to long-term framework. This applies to health as well as to other sectors;1 \\n A clear understanding of the various phases laid out in the peace process in general and specified for DDR in particular is vital for the appropriate timing, delivery and targeting of health activities;2 \\n The capacity to identify and engage key stakeholders and build long-term capacity is essential for coordination, implementation and sustainability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1222, "Sentence":"Both in the initial demobilization phase and afterwards in the reintegration period, combatants, child soldiers, women associated with armed forces and groups, and their dependants may present a range of specific needs to which the national health sector is not always capable of responding.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR initial demobilization phase afterwards reintegration period combatant child soldier woman associated armed force group dependant may present range specific need national health sector always capable responding ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module consolidates the lessons learned by WHO and its partners, including UNFPA, UNAIDS, ICRC, etc., in supporting DDR processes in a number of countries. UN technical agencies play a supportive role within a DDR framework, and WHO has a specific respon- sibility as far as health is concerned. The exact nature of this role may change in different situations, ranging from standards-setting to direct operational responsibilities such as con- tracting with and supervising non-governmental organizations (NGOs) delivering health care and health-related activities in assembly areas and demobilization sites, negotiating with conflicting parties to implement health programmes, and supporting the provision of health equipment and services in transit\/cantonment areas.The priority of public health partners in DDR is: \\n to assess health situations and monitor levels of risk; \\n to co-ordinate the work of health actors and others whose activities contribute to health (e.g., food programmes); \\n to provide \u2014 or to ensure that others provide \u2014 key health services that may be lacking in particular contexts where DDR programmes are operating; \\n to build capacity within national authorities and civil society.Experience shows that, even with the technical support offered by UN and partner agencies, meeting these priorities can be difficult. Both in the initial demobilization phase and afterwards in the reintegration period, combatants, child soldiers, women associated with armed forces and groups, and their dependants may present a range of specific needs to which the national health sector is not always capable of responding. While the basic mech- anisms governing the interaction between individuals and the various threats to their health are very much the same anywhere, what alters is the environment where these interactions take place, e.g., in terms of epidemiological profile, security and political context. In each country where a DDR process is being implemented, even without considering the different features of each process itself, a unique set of health needs will have to be met. Nonetheless, some general lessons can be drawn from the past: \\n In DDR processes, the short-term planning that is part of humanitarian interventions also needs to be built into a medium- to long-term framework. This applies to health as well as to other sectors;1 \\n A clear understanding of the various phases laid out in the peace process in general and specified for DDR in particular is vital for the appropriate timing, delivery and targeting of health activities;2 \\n The capacity to identify and engage key stakeholders and build long-term capacity is essential for coordination, implementation and sustainability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1222, "Sentence":"While the basic mech- anisms governing the interaction between individuals and the various threats to their health are very much the same anywhere, what alters is the environment where these interactions take place, e.g., in terms of epidemiological profile, security and political context.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR basic mech anisms governing interaction individual various threat health much anywhere alters environment interaction take place e.g . term epidemiological profile security political context ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module consolidates the lessons learned by WHO and its partners, including UNFPA, UNAIDS, ICRC, etc., in supporting DDR processes in a number of countries. UN technical agencies play a supportive role within a DDR framework, and WHO has a specific respon- sibility as far as health is concerned. The exact nature of this role may change in different situations, ranging from standards-setting to direct operational responsibilities such as con- tracting with and supervising non-governmental organizations (NGOs) delivering health care and health-related activities in assembly areas and demobilization sites, negotiating with conflicting parties to implement health programmes, and supporting the provision of health equipment and services in transit\/cantonment areas.The priority of public health partners in DDR is: \\n to assess health situations and monitor levels of risk; \\n to co-ordinate the work of health actors and others whose activities contribute to health (e.g., food programmes); \\n to provide \u2014 or to ensure that others provide \u2014 key health services that may be lacking in particular contexts where DDR programmes are operating; \\n to build capacity within national authorities and civil society.Experience shows that, even with the technical support offered by UN and partner agencies, meeting these priorities can be difficult. Both in the initial demobilization phase and afterwards in the reintegration period, combatants, child soldiers, women associated with armed forces and groups, and their dependants may present a range of specific needs to which the national health sector is not always capable of responding. While the basic mech- anisms governing the interaction between individuals and the various threats to their health are very much the same anywhere, what alters is the environment where these interactions take place, e.g., in terms of epidemiological profile, security and political context. In each country where a DDR process is being implemented, even without considering the different features of each process itself, a unique set of health needs will have to be met. Nonetheless, some general lessons can be drawn from the past: \\n In DDR processes, the short-term planning that is part of humanitarian interventions also needs to be built into a medium- to long-term framework. This applies to health as well as to other sectors;1 \\n A clear understanding of the various phases laid out in the peace process in general and specified for DDR in particular is vital for the appropriate timing, delivery and targeting of health activities;2 \\n The capacity to identify and engage key stakeholders and build long-term capacity is essential for coordination, implementation and sustainability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1222, "Sentence":"In each country where a DDR process is being implemented, even without considering the different features of each process itself, a unique set of health needs will have to be met.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR country ddr process implemented even without considering different feature process unique set health need met ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module consolidates the lessons learned by WHO and its partners, including UNFPA, UNAIDS, ICRC, etc., in supporting DDR processes in a number of countries. UN technical agencies play a supportive role within a DDR framework, and WHO has a specific respon- sibility as far as health is concerned. The exact nature of this role may change in different situations, ranging from standards-setting to direct operational responsibilities such as con- tracting with and supervising non-governmental organizations (NGOs) delivering health care and health-related activities in assembly areas and demobilization sites, negotiating with conflicting parties to implement health programmes, and supporting the provision of health equipment and services in transit\/cantonment areas.The priority of public health partners in DDR is: \\n to assess health situations and monitor levels of risk; \\n to co-ordinate the work of health actors and others whose activities contribute to health (e.g., food programmes); \\n to provide \u2014 or to ensure that others provide \u2014 key health services that may be lacking in particular contexts where DDR programmes are operating; \\n to build capacity within national authorities and civil society.Experience shows that, even with the technical support offered by UN and partner agencies, meeting these priorities can be difficult. Both in the initial demobilization phase and afterwards in the reintegration period, combatants, child soldiers, women associated with armed forces and groups, and their dependants may present a range of specific needs to which the national health sector is not always capable of responding. While the basic mech- anisms governing the interaction between individuals and the various threats to their health are very much the same anywhere, what alters is the environment where these interactions take place, e.g., in terms of epidemiological profile, security and political context. In each country where a DDR process is being implemented, even without considering the different features of each process itself, a unique set of health needs will have to be met. Nonetheless, some general lessons can be drawn from the past: \\n In DDR processes, the short-term planning that is part of humanitarian interventions also needs to be built into a medium- to long-term framework. This applies to health as well as to other sectors;1 \\n A clear understanding of the various phases laid out in the peace process in general and specified for DDR in particular is vital for the appropriate timing, delivery and targeting of health activities;2 \\n The capacity to identify and engage key stakeholders and build long-term capacity is essential for coordination, implementation and sustainability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1222, "Sentence":"Nonetheless, some general lessons can be drawn from the past: \\n In DDR processes, the short-term planning that is part of humanitarian interventions also needs to be built into a medium- to long-term framework.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR nonetheless general lesson drawn past n ddr process shortterm planning part humanitarian intervention also need built medium longterm framework ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module consolidates the lessons learned by WHO and its partners, including UNFPA, UNAIDS, ICRC, etc., in supporting DDR processes in a number of countries. UN technical agencies play a supportive role within a DDR framework, and WHO has a specific respon- sibility as far as health is concerned. The exact nature of this role may change in different situations, ranging from standards-setting to direct operational responsibilities such as con- tracting with and supervising non-governmental organizations (NGOs) delivering health care and health-related activities in assembly areas and demobilization sites, negotiating with conflicting parties to implement health programmes, and supporting the provision of health equipment and services in transit\/cantonment areas.The priority of public health partners in DDR is: \\n to assess health situations and monitor levels of risk; \\n to co-ordinate the work of health actors and others whose activities contribute to health (e.g., food programmes); \\n to provide \u2014 or to ensure that others provide \u2014 key health services that may be lacking in particular contexts where DDR programmes are operating; \\n to build capacity within national authorities and civil society.Experience shows that, even with the technical support offered by UN and partner agencies, meeting these priorities can be difficult. Both in the initial demobilization phase and afterwards in the reintegration period, combatants, child soldiers, women associated with armed forces and groups, and their dependants may present a range of specific needs to which the national health sector is not always capable of responding. While the basic mech- anisms governing the interaction between individuals and the various threats to their health are very much the same anywhere, what alters is the environment where these interactions take place, e.g., in terms of epidemiological profile, security and political context. In each country where a DDR process is being implemented, even without considering the different features of each process itself, a unique set of health needs will have to be met. Nonetheless, some general lessons can be drawn from the past: \\n In DDR processes, the short-term planning that is part of humanitarian interventions also needs to be built into a medium- to long-term framework. This applies to health as well as to other sectors;1 \\n A clear understanding of the various phases laid out in the peace process in general and specified for DDR in particular is vital for the appropriate timing, delivery and targeting of health activities;2 \\n The capacity to identify and engage key stakeholders and build long-term capacity is essential for coordination, implementation and sustainability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1222, "Sentence":"This applies to health as well as to other sectors;1 \\n A clear understanding of the various phases laid out in the peace process in general and specified for DDR in particular is vital for the appropriate timing, delivery and targeting of health activities;2 \\n The capacity to identify and engage key stakeholders and build long-term capacity is essential for coordination, implementation and sustainability.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR applies health well sectors1 n clear understanding various phase laid peace process general specified ddr particular vital appropriate timing delivery targeting health activities2 n capacity identify engage key stakeholder build longterm capacity essential coordination implementation sustainability ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Health action should always prioritize basic preventive and curative care to manage the entire range of health threats in the geographical area, and deal with the specific risks that threaten the target population. Health action within a DDR process should apply four key principles: \\n Principle 1: Health programmes\/actions that are part of DDR should be devised in coordi- nation with plans to rehabilitate the entire health system of the country, and to build local and national capacity; and they should be planned and implemented in cooperation and consultation with the national authorities and other key stakeholders so that resources are equitably shared and the long-term health needs of former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, their family members and communities of reintegration are sustainably met; \\n Principle 2: Health programmes\/actions that are part of DDR should promote and respect ethical and internationally accepted human rights standards; \\n Principle 3: Health programmes\/actions that are part of DDR should be devised after careful analysis of different needs and in consultation with a variety of representatives (male and female, adults, youth and children) of the various fighting factions; and services offered during demobilization should specifically deal with the variety of health needs presented by adult and young combatants and women associated with armed groups and forces; \\n Principle 4: In the reintegration part of DDR, as an essential component of community- based DDR in resource-poor environments, health programmes\/actions should be open to all those in need, not only those formerly associated with armed groups and forces.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1223, "Sentence":"Health action should always prioritize basic preventive and curative care to manage the entire range of health threats in the geographical area, and deal with the specific risks that threaten the target population.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR health action always prioritize basic preventive curative care manage entire range health threat geographical area deal specific risk threaten target population ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Health action should always prioritize basic preventive and curative care to manage the entire range of health threats in the geographical area, and deal with the specific risks that threaten the target population. Health action within a DDR process should apply four key principles: \\n Principle 1: Health programmes\/actions that are part of DDR should be devised in coordi- nation with plans to rehabilitate the entire health system of the country, and to build local and national capacity; and they should be planned and implemented in cooperation and consultation with the national authorities and other key stakeholders so that resources are equitably shared and the long-term health needs of former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, their family members and communities of reintegration are sustainably met; \\n Principle 2: Health programmes\/actions that are part of DDR should promote and respect ethical and internationally accepted human rights standards; \\n Principle 3: Health programmes\/actions that are part of DDR should be devised after careful analysis of different needs and in consultation with a variety of representatives (male and female, adults, youth and children) of the various fighting factions; and services offered during demobilization should specifically deal with the variety of health needs presented by adult and young combatants and women associated with armed groups and forces; \\n Principle 4: In the reintegration part of DDR, as an essential component of community- based DDR in resource-poor environments, health programmes\/actions should be open to all those in need, not only those formerly associated with armed groups and forces.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1223, "Sentence":"Health action within a DDR process should apply four key principles: \\n Principle 1: Health programmes\/actions that are part of DDR should be devised in coordi- nation with plans to rehabilitate the entire health system of the country, and to build local and national capacity; and they should be planned and implemented in cooperation and consultation with the national authorities and other key stakeholders so that resources are equitably shared and the long-term health needs of former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, their family members and communities of reintegration are sustainably met; \\n Principle 2: Health programmes\/actions that are part of DDR should promote and respect ethical and internationally accepted human rights standards; \\n Principle 3: Health programmes\/actions that are part of DDR should be devised after careful analysis of different needs and in consultation with a variety of representatives (male and female, adults, youth and children) of the various fighting factions; and services offered during demobilization should specifically deal with the variety of health needs presented by adult and young combatants and women associated with armed groups and forces; \\n Principle 4: In the reintegration part of DDR, as an essential component of community- based DDR in resource-poor environments, health programmes\/actions should be open to all those in need, not only those formerly associated with armed groups and forces.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR health action within ddr process apply four key principle n principle 1 health programmes\/actions part ddr devised coordi nation plan rehabilitate entire health system country build local national capacity planned implemented cooperation consultation national authority key stakeholder resource equitably shared longterm health need former combatant woman associated armed group force family member community reintegration sustainably met n principle 2 health programmes\/actions part ddr promote respect ethical internationally accepted human right standard n principle 3 health programmes\/actions part ddr devised careful analysis different need consultation variety representative male female adult youth child various fighting faction service offered demobilization specifically deal variety health need presented adult young combatant woman associated armed group force n principle 4 reintegration part ddr essential component community based ddr resourcepoor environment health programmes\/actions open need formerly associated armed group force ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.1. Tensions between humanitarian and political objectives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes result from political settlements negotiated to create the political and legal system necessary to bring about a transition from violent conflict to stability and peace. To contribute to these political goals, DDR processes use military, economic and humani- tarian \u2014 including health care delivery \u2014 tools.Thus, humanitarian work carried out within a DDR process is implemented as part of a political framework whose objectives are not specifically humanitarian. In such a situation, tensions can arise between humanitarian principles and the establishment of the overall political\u2013strategic crisis management framework of integrated peace-building missions, which is the goal of the UN system. Offering health services as part of the DDR process can cause a conflict between the \u2018partiality\u2019 involved in supporting a political transition and the \u2018im- partiality\u2019 needed to protect the humanitarian aspects of the process and humanitarian space.3It is not within the scope of this module to explore all the possible features of such tensions. However, it is useful for personnel involved in the delivery of health care as part of DDR processes to be aware that political priorities can affect operations, and can result in tensions with humanitarian principles. For example, this can occur when humanitarian programmes aimed at combatants are used to create an incentive for them to \u2018buy in\u2019 to the peace process.4", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1224, "Sentence":"DDR programmes result from political settlements negotiated to create the political and legal system necessary to bring about a transition from violent conflict to stability and peace.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR ddr programme result political settlement negotiated create political legal system necessary bring transition violent conflict stability peace ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.1. Tensions between humanitarian and political objectives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes result from political settlements negotiated to create the political and legal system necessary to bring about a transition from violent conflict to stability and peace. To contribute to these political goals, DDR processes use military, economic and humani- tarian \u2014 including health care delivery \u2014 tools.Thus, humanitarian work carried out within a DDR process is implemented as part of a political framework whose objectives are not specifically humanitarian. In such a situation, tensions can arise between humanitarian principles and the establishment of the overall political\u2013strategic crisis management framework of integrated peace-building missions, which is the goal of the UN system. Offering health services as part of the DDR process can cause a conflict between the \u2018partiality\u2019 involved in supporting a political transition and the \u2018im- partiality\u2019 needed to protect the humanitarian aspects of the process and humanitarian space.3It is not within the scope of this module to explore all the possible features of such tensions. However, it is useful for personnel involved in the delivery of health care as part of DDR processes to be aware that political priorities can affect operations, and can result in tensions with humanitarian principles. For example, this can occur when humanitarian programmes aimed at combatants are used to create an incentive for them to \u2018buy in\u2019 to the peace process.4", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1224, "Sentence":"To contribute to these political goals, DDR processes use military, economic and humani- tarian \u2014 including health care delivery \u2014 tools.Thus, humanitarian work carried out within a DDR process is implemented as part of a political framework whose objectives are not specifically humanitarian.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR contribute political goal ddr process use military economic humani tarian \u2014 including health care delivery \u2014 tools.thus humanitarian work carried within ddr process implemented part political framework whose objective specifically humanitarian ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.1. Tensions between humanitarian and political objectives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes result from political settlements negotiated to create the political and legal system necessary to bring about a transition from violent conflict to stability and peace. To contribute to these political goals, DDR processes use military, economic and humani- tarian \u2014 including health care delivery \u2014 tools.Thus, humanitarian work carried out within a DDR process is implemented as part of a political framework whose objectives are not specifically humanitarian. In such a situation, tensions can arise between humanitarian principles and the establishment of the overall political\u2013strategic crisis management framework of integrated peace-building missions, which is the goal of the UN system. Offering health services as part of the DDR process can cause a conflict between the \u2018partiality\u2019 involved in supporting a political transition and the \u2018im- partiality\u2019 needed to protect the humanitarian aspects of the process and humanitarian space.3It is not within the scope of this module to explore all the possible features of such tensions. However, it is useful for personnel involved in the delivery of health care as part of DDR processes to be aware that political priorities can affect operations, and can result in tensions with humanitarian principles. For example, this can occur when humanitarian programmes aimed at combatants are used to create an incentive for them to \u2018buy in\u2019 to the peace process.4", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1224, "Sentence":"In such a situation, tensions can arise between humanitarian principles and the establishment of the overall political\u2013strategic crisis management framework of integrated peace-building missions, which is the goal of the UN system.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR situation tension arise humanitarian principle establishment overall political\u2013strategic crisis management framework integrated peacebuilding mission goal un system ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.1. Tensions between humanitarian and political objectives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes result from political settlements negotiated to create the political and legal system necessary to bring about a transition from violent conflict to stability and peace. To contribute to these political goals, DDR processes use military, economic and humani- tarian \u2014 including health care delivery \u2014 tools.Thus, humanitarian work carried out within a DDR process is implemented as part of a political framework whose objectives are not specifically humanitarian. In such a situation, tensions can arise between humanitarian principles and the establishment of the overall political\u2013strategic crisis management framework of integrated peace-building missions, which is the goal of the UN system. Offering health services as part of the DDR process can cause a conflict between the \u2018partiality\u2019 involved in supporting a political transition and the \u2018im- partiality\u2019 needed to protect the humanitarian aspects of the process and humanitarian space.3It is not within the scope of this module to explore all the possible features of such tensions. However, it is useful for personnel involved in the delivery of health care as part of DDR processes to be aware that political priorities can affect operations, and can result in tensions with humanitarian principles. For example, this can occur when humanitarian programmes aimed at combatants are used to create an incentive for them to \u2018buy in\u2019 to the peace process.4", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1224, "Sentence":"Offering health services as part of the DDR process can cause a conflict between the \u2018partiality\u2019 involved in supporting a political transition and the \u2018im- partiality\u2019 needed to protect the humanitarian aspects of the process and humanitarian space.3It is not within the scope of this module to explore all the possible features of such tensions.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR offering health service part ddr process cause conflict \u2018 partiality \u2019 involved supporting political transition \u2018 im partiality \u2019 needed protect humanitarian aspect process humanitarian space.3it within scope module explore possible feature tension ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.1. Tensions between humanitarian and political objectives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes result from political settlements negotiated to create the political and legal system necessary to bring about a transition from violent conflict to stability and peace. To contribute to these political goals, DDR processes use military, economic and humani- tarian \u2014 including health care delivery \u2014 tools.Thus, humanitarian work carried out within a DDR process is implemented as part of a political framework whose objectives are not specifically humanitarian. In such a situation, tensions can arise between humanitarian principles and the establishment of the overall political\u2013strategic crisis management framework of integrated peace-building missions, which is the goal of the UN system. Offering health services as part of the DDR process can cause a conflict between the \u2018partiality\u2019 involved in supporting a political transition and the \u2018im- partiality\u2019 needed to protect the humanitarian aspects of the process and humanitarian space.3It is not within the scope of this module to explore all the possible features of such tensions. However, it is useful for personnel involved in the delivery of health care as part of DDR processes to be aware that political priorities can affect operations, and can result in tensions with humanitarian principles. For example, this can occur when humanitarian programmes aimed at combatants are used to create an incentive for them to \u2018buy in\u2019 to the peace process.4", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1224, "Sentence":"However, it is useful for personnel involved in the delivery of health care as part of DDR processes to be aware that political priorities can affect operations, and can result in tensions with humanitarian principles.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR however useful personnel involved delivery health care part ddr process aware political priority affect operation result tension humanitarian principle ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.1. Tensions between humanitarian and political objectives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes result from political settlements negotiated to create the political and legal system necessary to bring about a transition from violent conflict to stability and peace. To contribute to these political goals, DDR processes use military, economic and humani- tarian \u2014 including health care delivery \u2014 tools.Thus, humanitarian work carried out within a DDR process is implemented as part of a political framework whose objectives are not specifically humanitarian. In such a situation, tensions can arise between humanitarian principles and the establishment of the overall political\u2013strategic crisis management framework of integrated peace-building missions, which is the goal of the UN system. Offering health services as part of the DDR process can cause a conflict between the \u2018partiality\u2019 involved in supporting a political transition and the \u2018im- partiality\u2019 needed to protect the humanitarian aspects of the process and humanitarian space.3It is not within the scope of this module to explore all the possible features of such tensions. However, it is useful for personnel involved in the delivery of health care as part of DDR processes to be aware that political priorities can affect operations, and can result in tensions with humanitarian principles. For example, this can occur when humanitarian programmes aimed at combatants are used to create an incentive for them to \u2018buy in\u2019 to the peace process.4", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1224, "Sentence":"For example, this can occur when humanitarian programmes aimed at combatants are used to create an incentive for them to \u2018buy in\u2019 to the peace process.4", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR example occur humanitarian programme aimed combatant used create incentive \u2018 buy \u2019 peace process.4" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR good understanding various phase peace process general ddr particular take place time vital appropriate timing targeting health activity ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR similarly must clearly understood national international institution lead aspect phase health care delivery within ddr coordination mechanism needed streamline delivery ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR operationally deciding tim ing targeting health intervention requires two thing done.first analysis political legal term arrangement peace proto col specific nature situation ground carried part general assessment guide inform planning implementation health activity ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR appropriate planning take place information must gathered expected number combatant associate dependant involved process gender agespecific need planned length demobilization phase location demobilization site assembly area cantonment site local capa city provision health care services.key question preplanning assessment n key feature peace protocol" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"\\n Which actors are involved?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n actor involved" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"\\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n many armed group force participated peace negotiation" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"What is their make-up in terms of age and sex?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR makeup term age sex" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"\\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n foreign troop e.g . foreign mercenary among" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"\\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n peace protocol require change administrative system country" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"Will the health system be affected by it?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR health system affected" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"\\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n role un play achieving peace accord agency deployed facilitate implementation different aspect" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"\\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n coordinate healthrelated aspect integrated interagency ddr effort ministry health medical service peacekeeping mission unfpa food agency n world food programme wfp implementing partner etc ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR set un coordinating mechanism division responsibility etc ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"\\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n national steering bodies\/committees ddr planned joint commission transitional government national commission ddr working group etc ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"\\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n member mandate body" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"\\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n health sector represented body" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"Should it be?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR " }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"\\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n assistance combatant set peace protocol plan made ddr" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"\\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n phase ddr process planned" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"\\n What is the time-frame for each phase?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n timeframe phase" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"\\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n role can\/should health sector play phasesecond health sector represented body established oversee ddr earliest stage process possible ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR early inclusion essential guiding principle described applied practice operation ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR particular n ensure public health concern taken account key planning decision made e.g . selection location pickup point assembly\/transit area level service established best way dealing different health need n advocate favour vulnerable group n establish political legislative administrative link national authority necessary create space health action short medium\/long term ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR example appropriate support health need specific group girl mother wardisabled provided appropriate legislative\/ administrative framework set capacitybuilding begun n reduce risk creating ad hoc health service former combatant woman associated armed group force dependant community return ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.2. Linking health action to DDR and the peace process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A good understanding of the various phases of the peace process in general, and of how DDR in particular will take place over time, is vital for the appropriate timing and targeting of health activities. Similarly, it must be clearly understood which national or international institutions will lead each aspect or phase of health care delivery within DDR, and the coordination mechanism needed to streamline delivery. Operationally, deciding on the tim- ing and targeting of health interventions requires two things to be done.First, an analysis of the political and legal terms and arrangements of the peace proto- col and the specific nature of the situation on the ground should be carried out as part of the general assessment that will guide and inform the planning and implementation of health activities. For appropriate planning to take place, information must be gathered on the expected numbers of combatants, associates and dependants involved in the process; their gender- and age-specific needs; the planned length of the demobilization phase and its location (demobilization sites, assembly areas, cantonment sites, or other); and local capa- cities for the provision of health care services.Key questions for the pre-planning assessment: \\n What are the key features of the peace protocols? \\n Which actors are involved? \\n How many armed groups and forces have participated in the peace negotiation? What is their make-up in terms of age and sex? \\n Are there any foreign troops (e.g., foreign mercenaries) among them? \\n Does the peace protocol require a change in the administrative system of the country? Will the health system be affected by it? \\n What role did the UN play in achieving the peace accord, and how will agencies be deployed to facilitate the implementation of its different aspects? \\n Who will coordinate the health-related aspects of integrated, inter-agency DDR efforts (ministry of health, WHO, medical services of peacekeeping mission, UNFPA, food agencies such as the \\n World Food Programme [WFP], implementing partners, etc.)? Who will set up the UN coordinating mechanism, division of responsibilities, etc., and when? \\n What national steering bodies\/committees for DDR are planned (joint commission, transitional government, national commission on DDR, working groups, etc.)? \\n Who are the members and what is the mandate of such bodies? \\n Is the health sector represented in such bodies? Should it be? \\n Is assistance to combatants set out in the peace protocol, and if so, what plans have been made for DDR? \\n Which phases in the DDR process have been planned? \\n What is the time-frame for each phase? \\n What role, if any, can\/should the health sector play in each phase?Second, the health sector should be represented in all bodies established to oversee DDR from the earliest stages of the process possible. Early inclusion is essential if the guiding principles described above are to be applied in practice during operations. In particular: \\n It can ensure that public health concerns are taken into account when key planning decisions are made, e.g., on the selection of locations for pick-up points or other assembly\/transit areas, on the level of services that will be established there, and on the best way of dealing with different health needs; \\n It can advocate in favour of vulnerable groups; \\n It will establish a political, legislative and administrative link with national authorities, which is necessary to create the space for health actions in the short and medium\/long term. For example, appropriate support for the health needs of specific groups, such as girl mothers or the war-disabled, can be provided only if the appropriate legislative\/ administrative frameworks have been set up and capacity-building begun; \\n It will reduce the risk of creating ad hoc health services for former combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces, dependants and the communities to which they return. Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1225, "Sentence":"Health programmes in support of a DDR process can be highly visible, but they are seldom more than a limited part of all the health-related activities taking place in a country during a transition period; \\n Careful cooperation with health and relevant non-health national authorities can result in the establishment of health programmes that start out in support of demobilization, but later, through coordination with the overall rehabilitation of the country strategy for the health sector, become a sustainable asset in the reintegration period and beyond; \\n It can bring about the adoption at national level of specific health guidelines\/protocols that are equitable, affordable by and accessible to all, and gender- and age-responsive.It should be seen as a priority to encourage the collaboration of international and national health staff in all areas of health-related work, as this increases local ownership of health activities and builds capacity.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR health programme support ddr process highly visible seldom limited part healthrelated activity taking place country transition period n careful cooperation health relevant nonhealth national authority result establishment health programme start support demobilization later coordination overall rehabilitation country strategy health sector become sustainable asset reintegration period beyond n bring adoption national level specific health guidelines\/protocols equitable affordable accessible gender ageresponsive.it seen priority encourage collaboration international national health staff area healthrelated work increase local ownership health activity build capacity ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. Health and the sequencing of DDR processes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The different aspects of DDR processes \u2014 disarmament, demobilization and reintegration \u2014 may not necessarily follow a fixed chronological order, and are closely interrelated. The extent of the contribution of health activities in each phase increases steadily, from assess- ment and planning to the actual delivery of health services. Health services, in turn, will evolve: starting by focusing on immediate, life-threatening conditions, they will at a later stage be required to support ex-combatants and those associated with them when they return to civilian life and take up civilian jobs as a part of reintegration.Figure 1 provides a simplified image of the general direction in which the health sector has to move to best support a DDR process. Clearly, health actions set up to meet the specific needs of the demobilization phase, which will only last for a short period of time, must be planned as only the first steps of a longer-term, open-ended and comprehensive reintegra- tion process. In what follows, some of the factors that will help the achievement of this long-term goal are outlined.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1226, "Sentence":"The different aspects of DDR processes \u2014 disarmament, demobilization and reintegration \u2014 may not necessarily follow a fixed chronological order, and are closely interrelated.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR different aspect ddr process \u2014 disarmament demobilization reintegration \u2014 may necessarily follow fixed chronological order closely interrelated ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. Health and the sequencing of DDR processes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The different aspects of DDR processes \u2014 disarmament, demobilization and reintegration \u2014 may not necessarily follow a fixed chronological order, and are closely interrelated. The extent of the contribution of health activities in each phase increases steadily, from assess- ment and planning to the actual delivery of health services. Health services, in turn, will evolve: starting by focusing on immediate, life-threatening conditions, they will at a later stage be required to support ex-combatants and those associated with them when they return to civilian life and take up civilian jobs as a part of reintegration.Figure 1 provides a simplified image of the general direction in which the health sector has to move to best support a DDR process. Clearly, health actions set up to meet the specific needs of the demobilization phase, which will only last for a short period of time, must be planned as only the first steps of a longer-term, open-ended and comprehensive reintegra- tion process. In what follows, some of the factors that will help the achievement of this long-term goal are outlined.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1226, "Sentence":"The extent of the contribution of health activities in each phase increases steadily, from assess- ment and planning to the actual delivery of health services.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR extent contribution health activity phase increase steadily ass ment planning actual delivery health service ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. Health and the sequencing of DDR processes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The different aspects of DDR processes \u2014 disarmament, demobilization and reintegration \u2014 may not necessarily follow a fixed chronological order, and are closely interrelated. The extent of the contribution of health activities in each phase increases steadily, from assess- ment and planning to the actual delivery of health services. Health services, in turn, will evolve: starting by focusing on immediate, life-threatening conditions, they will at a later stage be required to support ex-combatants and those associated with them when they return to civilian life and take up civilian jobs as a part of reintegration.Figure 1 provides a simplified image of the general direction in which the health sector has to move to best support a DDR process. Clearly, health actions set up to meet the specific needs of the demobilization phase, which will only last for a short period of time, must be planned as only the first steps of a longer-term, open-ended and comprehensive reintegra- tion process. In what follows, some of the factors that will help the achievement of this long-term goal are outlined.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1226, "Sentence":"Health services, in turn, will evolve: starting by focusing on immediate, life-threatening conditions, they will at a later stage be required to support ex-combatants and those associated with them when they return to civilian life and take up civilian jobs as a part of reintegration.Figure 1 provides a simplified image of the general direction in which the health sector has to move to best support a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR health service turn evolve starting focusing immediate lifethreatening condition later stage required support excombatants associated return civilian life take civilian job part reintegration.figure 1 provides simplified image general direction health sector move best support ddr process ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. Health and the sequencing of DDR processes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The different aspects of DDR processes \u2014 disarmament, demobilization and reintegration \u2014 may not necessarily follow a fixed chronological order, and are closely interrelated. The extent of the contribution of health activities in each phase increases steadily, from assess- ment and planning to the actual delivery of health services. Health services, in turn, will evolve: starting by focusing on immediate, life-threatening conditions, they will at a later stage be required to support ex-combatants and those associated with them when they return to civilian life and take up civilian jobs as a part of reintegration.Figure 1 provides a simplified image of the general direction in which the health sector has to move to best support a DDR process. Clearly, health actions set up to meet the specific needs of the demobilization phase, which will only last for a short period of time, must be planned as only the first steps of a longer-term, open-ended and comprehensive reintegra- tion process. In what follows, some of the factors that will help the achievement of this long-term goal are outlined.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1226, "Sentence":"Clearly, health actions set up to meet the specific needs of the demobilization phase, which will only last for a short period of time, must be planned as only the first steps of a longer-term, open-ended and comprehensive reintegra- tion process.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR clearly health action set meet specific need demobilization phase last short period time must planned first step longerterm openended comprehensive reintegra tion process ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.3. Health and the sequencing of DDR processes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The different aspects of DDR processes \u2014 disarmament, demobilization and reintegration \u2014 may not necessarily follow a fixed chronological order, and are closely interrelated. The extent of the contribution of health activities in each phase increases steadily, from assess- ment and planning to the actual delivery of health services. Health services, in turn, will evolve: starting by focusing on immediate, life-threatening conditions, they will at a later stage be required to support ex-combatants and those associated with them when they return to civilian life and take up civilian jobs as a part of reintegration.Figure 1 provides a simplified image of the general direction in which the health sector has to move to best support a DDR process. Clearly, health actions set up to meet the specific needs of the demobilization phase, which will only last for a short period of time, must be planned as only the first steps of a longer-term, open-ended and comprehensive reintegra- tion process. In what follows, some of the factors that will help the achievement of this long-term goal are outlined.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1226, "Sentence":"In what follows, some of the factors that will help the achievement of this long-term goal are outlined.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR follows factor help achievement longterm goal outlined ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Health and the geographical dimensions of DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The geography of the country\/region in which the DDR operation takes place should be taken into account when planning the health-related parts of the operation, as this will help in the difficult task of identifying the stakeholders and the possible partners that will be involved, and to plan the network of fixed structures and outreach circuits designed to cater for first health contact and\/or referral, health logistics, etc., all of which have to be organized at local, district, national or even international (i.e., possibly cross-border) levels.Health activities in support of DDR processes must take into account the movements of populations within countries and across borders. From an epidemiological point of view, the mass movements of people displaced by conflict may bring some communicable diseases into areas where they are not yet endemic, and also speed up the spread of outbreaks of diseases that can easily turn into epidemics. Thus, health actors need to develop appropriate strategies to prevent or minimize the risk that these diseases will propagate and to allow for the early detection and containment of any possible epidemic resulting from the popula- tion movements. Those whom health actors will be dealing with include former combatants, associates and dependants, as well as the hosting communities in the transit areas and at the final destinations.In cases where foreign combatants will be repatriated, cross-border health strategies should be devised in collaboration with the local health authorities and partner organizations in both the sending and receiving countries (also see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Popula- tion Movements).Figure 2 shows the likely movements of combatants and associates (and often their dependants) during a DDR process. It should be noted that the assembly\/cantonment\/ transit area is the most important place (and probably the only place) where adult combat- ants come into contact with health programmes designed in support of the DDR process, because both before and after they assemble here, they are dispersed over a wide area. Chil- dren should receive health assistance at interim care centres (ICCs) after being released from armed groups and forces. Before and after the cantonment\/transit period, combatants, associates and their dependants are mainly the responsibility of the national health system, which is likely to be degraded and in need of systematic, long-term support in order to do its work.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1227, "Sentence":"The geography of the country\/region in which the DDR operation takes place should be taken into account when planning the health-related parts of the operation, as this will help in the difficult task of identifying the stakeholders and the possible partners that will be involved, and to plan the network of fixed structures and outreach circuits designed to cater for first health contact and\/or referral, health logistics, etc., all of which have to be organized at local, district, national or even international (i.e., possibly cross-border) levels.Health activities in support of DDR processes must take into account the movements of populations within countries and across borders.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR geography country\/region ddr operation take place taken account planning healthrelated part operation help difficult task identifying stakeholder possible partner involved plan network fixed structure outreach circuit designed cater first health contact and\/or referral health logistics etc . organized local district national even international i.e . possibly crossborder levels.health activity support ddr process must take account movement population within country across border ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Health and the geographical dimensions of DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The geography of the country\/region in which the DDR operation takes place should be taken into account when planning the health-related parts of the operation, as this will help in the difficult task of identifying the stakeholders and the possible partners that will be involved, and to plan the network of fixed structures and outreach circuits designed to cater for first health contact and\/or referral, health logistics, etc., all of which have to be organized at local, district, national or even international (i.e., possibly cross-border) levels.Health activities in support of DDR processes must take into account the movements of populations within countries and across borders. From an epidemiological point of view, the mass movements of people displaced by conflict may bring some communicable diseases into areas where they are not yet endemic, and also speed up the spread of outbreaks of diseases that can easily turn into epidemics. Thus, health actors need to develop appropriate strategies to prevent or minimize the risk that these diseases will propagate and to allow for the early detection and containment of any possible epidemic resulting from the popula- tion movements. Those whom health actors will be dealing with include former combatants, associates and dependants, as well as the hosting communities in the transit areas and at the final destinations.In cases where foreign combatants will be repatriated, cross-border health strategies should be devised in collaboration with the local health authorities and partner organizations in both the sending and receiving countries (also see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Popula- tion Movements).Figure 2 shows the likely movements of combatants and associates (and often their dependants) during a DDR process. It should be noted that the assembly\/cantonment\/ transit area is the most important place (and probably the only place) where adult combat- ants come into contact with health programmes designed in support of the DDR process, because both before and after they assemble here, they are dispersed over a wide area. Chil- dren should receive health assistance at interim care centres (ICCs) after being released from armed groups and forces. Before and after the cantonment\/transit period, combatants, associates and their dependants are mainly the responsibility of the national health system, which is likely to be degraded and in need of systematic, long-term support in order to do its work.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1227, "Sentence":"From an epidemiological point of view, the mass movements of people displaced by conflict may bring some communicable diseases into areas where they are not yet endemic, and also speed up the spread of outbreaks of diseases that can easily turn into epidemics.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR epidemiological point view mass movement people displaced conflict may bring communicable disease area yet endemic also speed spread outbreak disease easily turn epidemic ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Health and the geographical dimensions of DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The geography of the country\/region in which the DDR operation takes place should be taken into account when planning the health-related parts of the operation, as this will help in the difficult task of identifying the stakeholders and the possible partners that will be involved, and to plan the network of fixed structures and outreach circuits designed to cater for first health contact and\/or referral, health logistics, etc., all of which have to be organized at local, district, national or even international (i.e., possibly cross-border) levels.Health activities in support of DDR processes must take into account the movements of populations within countries and across borders. From an epidemiological point of view, the mass movements of people displaced by conflict may bring some communicable diseases into areas where they are not yet endemic, and also speed up the spread of outbreaks of diseases that can easily turn into epidemics. Thus, health actors need to develop appropriate strategies to prevent or minimize the risk that these diseases will propagate and to allow for the early detection and containment of any possible epidemic resulting from the popula- tion movements. Those whom health actors will be dealing with include former combatants, associates and dependants, as well as the hosting communities in the transit areas and at the final destinations.In cases where foreign combatants will be repatriated, cross-border health strategies should be devised in collaboration with the local health authorities and partner organizations in both the sending and receiving countries (also see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Popula- tion Movements).Figure 2 shows the likely movements of combatants and associates (and often their dependants) during a DDR process. It should be noted that the assembly\/cantonment\/ transit area is the most important place (and probably the only place) where adult combat- ants come into contact with health programmes designed in support of the DDR process, because both before and after they assemble here, they are dispersed over a wide area. Chil- dren should receive health assistance at interim care centres (ICCs) after being released from armed groups and forces. Before and after the cantonment\/transit period, combatants, associates and their dependants are mainly the responsibility of the national health system, which is likely to be degraded and in need of systematic, long-term support in order to do its work.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1227, "Sentence":"Thus, health actors need to develop appropriate strategies to prevent or minimize the risk that these diseases will propagate and to allow for the early detection and containment of any possible epidemic resulting from the popula- tion movements.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR thus health actor need develop appropriate strategy prevent minimize risk disease propagate allow early detection containment possible epidemic resulting popula tion movement ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Health and the geographical dimensions of DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The geography of the country\/region in which the DDR operation takes place should be taken into account when planning the health-related parts of the operation, as this will help in the difficult task of identifying the stakeholders and the possible partners that will be involved, and to plan the network of fixed structures and outreach circuits designed to cater for first health contact and\/or referral, health logistics, etc., all of which have to be organized at local, district, national or even international (i.e., possibly cross-border) levels.Health activities in support of DDR processes must take into account the movements of populations within countries and across borders. From an epidemiological point of view, the mass movements of people displaced by conflict may bring some communicable diseases into areas where they are not yet endemic, and also speed up the spread of outbreaks of diseases that can easily turn into epidemics. Thus, health actors need to develop appropriate strategies to prevent or minimize the risk that these diseases will propagate and to allow for the early detection and containment of any possible epidemic resulting from the popula- tion movements. Those whom health actors will be dealing with include former combatants, associates and dependants, as well as the hosting communities in the transit areas and at the final destinations.In cases where foreign combatants will be repatriated, cross-border health strategies should be devised in collaboration with the local health authorities and partner organizations in both the sending and receiving countries (also see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Popula- tion Movements).Figure 2 shows the likely movements of combatants and associates (and often their dependants) during a DDR process. It should be noted that the assembly\/cantonment\/ transit area is the most important place (and probably the only place) where adult combat- ants come into contact with health programmes designed in support of the DDR process, because both before and after they assemble here, they are dispersed over a wide area. Chil- dren should receive health assistance at interim care centres (ICCs) after being released from armed groups and forces. Before and after the cantonment\/transit period, combatants, associates and their dependants are mainly the responsibility of the national health system, which is likely to be degraded and in need of systematic, long-term support in order to do its work.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1227, "Sentence":"Those whom health actors will be dealing with include former combatants, associates and dependants, as well as the hosting communities in the transit areas and at the final destinations.In cases where foreign combatants will be repatriated, cross-border health strategies should be devised in collaboration with the local health authorities and partner organizations in both the sending and receiving countries (also see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Popula- tion Movements).Figure 2 shows the likely movements of combatants and associates (and often their dependants) during a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR health actor dealing include former combatant associate dependant well hosting community transit area final destinations.in case foreign combatant repatriated crossborder health strategy devised collaboration local health authority partner organization sending receiving country also see iddrs 5.40 crossborder popula tion movements.figure 2 show likely movement combatant associate often dependant ddr process ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Health and the geographical dimensions of DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The geography of the country\/region in which the DDR operation takes place should be taken into account when planning the health-related parts of the operation, as this will help in the difficult task of identifying the stakeholders and the possible partners that will be involved, and to plan the network of fixed structures and outreach circuits designed to cater for first health contact and\/or referral, health logistics, etc., all of which have to be organized at local, district, national or even international (i.e., possibly cross-border) levels.Health activities in support of DDR processes must take into account the movements of populations within countries and across borders. From an epidemiological point of view, the mass movements of people displaced by conflict may bring some communicable diseases into areas where they are not yet endemic, and also speed up the spread of outbreaks of diseases that can easily turn into epidemics. Thus, health actors need to develop appropriate strategies to prevent or minimize the risk that these diseases will propagate and to allow for the early detection and containment of any possible epidemic resulting from the popula- tion movements. Those whom health actors will be dealing with include former combatants, associates and dependants, as well as the hosting communities in the transit areas and at the final destinations.In cases where foreign combatants will be repatriated, cross-border health strategies should be devised in collaboration with the local health authorities and partner organizations in both the sending and receiving countries (also see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Popula- tion Movements).Figure 2 shows the likely movements of combatants and associates (and often their dependants) during a DDR process. It should be noted that the assembly\/cantonment\/ transit area is the most important place (and probably the only place) where adult combat- ants come into contact with health programmes designed in support of the DDR process, because both before and after they assemble here, they are dispersed over a wide area. Chil- dren should receive health assistance at interim care centres (ICCs) after being released from armed groups and forces. Before and after the cantonment\/transit period, combatants, associates and their dependants are mainly the responsibility of the national health system, which is likely to be degraded and in need of systematic, long-term support in order to do its work.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1227, "Sentence":"It should be noted that the assembly\/cantonment\/ transit area is the most important place (and probably the only place) where adult combat- ants come into contact with health programmes designed in support of the DDR process, because both before and after they assemble here, they are dispersed over a wide area.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR noted assembly\/cantonment\/ transit area important place probably place adult combat ant come contact health programme designed support ddr process assemble dispersed wide area ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Health and the geographical dimensions of DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The geography of the country\/region in which the DDR operation takes place should be taken into account when planning the health-related parts of the operation, as this will help in the difficult task of identifying the stakeholders and the possible partners that will be involved, and to plan the network of fixed structures and outreach circuits designed to cater for first health contact and\/or referral, health logistics, etc., all of which have to be organized at local, district, national or even international (i.e., possibly cross-border) levels.Health activities in support of DDR processes must take into account the movements of populations within countries and across borders. From an epidemiological point of view, the mass movements of people displaced by conflict may bring some communicable diseases into areas where they are not yet endemic, and also speed up the spread of outbreaks of diseases that can easily turn into epidemics. Thus, health actors need to develop appropriate strategies to prevent or minimize the risk that these diseases will propagate and to allow for the early detection and containment of any possible epidemic resulting from the popula- tion movements. Those whom health actors will be dealing with include former combatants, associates and dependants, as well as the hosting communities in the transit areas and at the final destinations.In cases where foreign combatants will be repatriated, cross-border health strategies should be devised in collaboration with the local health authorities and partner organizations in both the sending and receiving countries (also see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Popula- tion Movements).Figure 2 shows the likely movements of combatants and associates (and often their dependants) during a DDR process. It should be noted that the assembly\/cantonment\/ transit area is the most important place (and probably the only place) where adult combat- ants come into contact with health programmes designed in support of the DDR process, because both before and after they assemble here, they are dispersed over a wide area. Chil- dren should receive health assistance at interim care centres (ICCs) after being released from armed groups and forces. Before and after the cantonment\/transit period, combatants, associates and their dependants are mainly the responsibility of the national health system, which is likely to be degraded and in need of systematic, long-term support in order to do its work.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1227, "Sentence":"Chil- dren should receive health assistance at interim care centres (ICCs) after being released from armed groups and forces.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR chil dren receive health assistance interim care centre icc released armed group force ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Health and DDR", "Heading2":"5.4. Health and the geographical dimensions of DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The geography of the country\/region in which the DDR operation takes place should be taken into account when planning the health-related parts of the operation, as this will help in the difficult task of identifying the stakeholders and the possible partners that will be involved, and to plan the network of fixed structures and outreach circuits designed to cater for first health contact and\/or referral, health logistics, etc., all of which have to be organized at local, district, national or even international (i.e., possibly cross-border) levels.Health activities in support of DDR processes must take into account the movements of populations within countries and across borders. From an epidemiological point of view, the mass movements of people displaced by conflict may bring some communicable diseases into areas where they are not yet endemic, and also speed up the spread of outbreaks of diseases that can easily turn into epidemics. Thus, health actors need to develop appropriate strategies to prevent or minimize the risk that these diseases will propagate and to allow for the early detection and containment of any possible epidemic resulting from the popula- tion movements. Those whom health actors will be dealing with include former combatants, associates and dependants, as well as the hosting communities in the transit areas and at the final destinations.In cases where foreign combatants will be repatriated, cross-border health strategies should be devised in collaboration with the local health authorities and partner organizations in both the sending and receiving countries (also see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Popula- tion Movements).Figure 2 shows the likely movements of combatants and associates (and often their dependants) during a DDR process. It should be noted that the assembly\/cantonment\/ transit area is the most important place (and probably the only place) where adult combat- ants come into contact with health programmes designed in support of the DDR process, because both before and after they assemble here, they are dispersed over a wide area. Chil- dren should receive health assistance at interim care centres (ICCs) after being released from armed groups and forces. Before and after the cantonment\/transit period, combatants, associates and their dependants are mainly the responsibility of the national health system, which is likely to be degraded and in need of systematic, long-term support in order to do its work.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1227, "Sentence":"Before and after the cantonment\/transit period, combatants, associates and their dependants are mainly the responsibility of the national health system, which is likely to be degraded and in need of systematic, long-term support in order to do its work.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR cantonment\/transit period combatant associate dependant mainly responsibility national health system likely degraded need systematic longterm support order work ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Operational objectives for the health sector in the DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The overall goal of health action is to reduce avoidable illness and death. In the context of DDR, this requires that the health programmes focus on providing: \\n basic, preventive and curative, specifically designed and good-quality health care that is easily accessible at every stage of the process \u2014 in any transit stations, in demobili- zation\/cantonment\/assembly camps if they are used, in ICCs for children, and in the communities where combatants will live once they are demobilized; \\n basic health care, including reproductive health care and psychosocial care, that is appropriate to the different needs of men, women, youth, girls and boys going through DDR. This service needs to be supported by effective referral systems and emergency back-up systems, e.g., to control outbreaks of infectious diseases or deal with immediate, life-threatening mental trauma. Health information and advice must be made available in language that can be understood by the different groups for which the health care is designed; \\n training of camp managers on health-related matters, e.g., on the construction of appro- priate areas for the registration and protection of vulnerable groups, the provision of food appropriate to different needs (e.g., for the sick, and for nursing mothers, infants and small children), problems with drug and alcohol addiction, water, shelter, sanita- tion, supplies of items needed for hygiene (soap, buckets), and fuel. Women and girls will need specific assistance to meet their hygiene needs, including menstrual supplies and clean birthing kits.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1228, "Sentence":"The overall goal of health action is to reduce avoidable illness and death.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR overall goal health action reduce avoidable illness death ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Operational objectives for the health sector in the DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The overall goal of health action is to reduce avoidable illness and death. In the context of DDR, this requires that the health programmes focus on providing: \\n basic, preventive and curative, specifically designed and good-quality health care that is easily accessible at every stage of the process \u2014 in any transit stations, in demobili- zation\/cantonment\/assembly camps if they are used, in ICCs for children, and in the communities where combatants will live once they are demobilized; \\n basic health care, including reproductive health care and psychosocial care, that is appropriate to the different needs of men, women, youth, girls and boys going through DDR. This service needs to be supported by effective referral systems and emergency back-up systems, e.g., to control outbreaks of infectious diseases or deal with immediate, life-threatening mental trauma. Health information and advice must be made available in language that can be understood by the different groups for which the health care is designed; \\n training of camp managers on health-related matters, e.g., on the construction of appro- priate areas for the registration and protection of vulnerable groups, the provision of food appropriate to different needs (e.g., for the sick, and for nursing mothers, infants and small children), problems with drug and alcohol addiction, water, shelter, sanita- tion, supplies of items needed for hygiene (soap, buckets), and fuel. Women and girls will need specific assistance to meet their hygiene needs, including menstrual supplies and clean birthing kits.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1228, "Sentence":"In the context of DDR, this requires that the health programmes focus on providing: \\n basic, preventive and curative, specifically designed and good-quality health care that is easily accessible at every stage of the process \u2014 in any transit stations, in demobili- zation\/cantonment\/assembly camps if they are used, in ICCs for children, and in the communities where combatants will live once they are demobilized; \\n basic health care, including reproductive health care and psychosocial care, that is appropriate to the different needs of men, women, youth, girls and boys going through DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR context ddr requires health programme focus providing n basic preventive curative specifically designed goodquality health care easily accessible every stage process \u2014 transit station demobili zation\/cantonment\/assembly camp used icc child community combatant live demobilized n basic health care including reproductive health care psychosocial care appropriate different need men woman youth girl boy going ddr ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Operational objectives for the health sector in the DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The overall goal of health action is to reduce avoidable illness and death. In the context of DDR, this requires that the health programmes focus on providing: \\n basic, preventive and curative, specifically designed and good-quality health care that is easily accessible at every stage of the process \u2014 in any transit stations, in demobili- zation\/cantonment\/assembly camps if they are used, in ICCs for children, and in the communities where combatants will live once they are demobilized; \\n basic health care, including reproductive health care and psychosocial care, that is appropriate to the different needs of men, women, youth, girls and boys going through DDR. This service needs to be supported by effective referral systems and emergency back-up systems, e.g., to control outbreaks of infectious diseases or deal with immediate, life-threatening mental trauma. Health information and advice must be made available in language that can be understood by the different groups for which the health care is designed; \\n training of camp managers on health-related matters, e.g., on the construction of appro- priate areas for the registration and protection of vulnerable groups, the provision of food appropriate to different needs (e.g., for the sick, and for nursing mothers, infants and small children), problems with drug and alcohol addiction, water, shelter, sanita- tion, supplies of items needed for hygiene (soap, buckets), and fuel. Women and girls will need specific assistance to meet their hygiene needs, including menstrual supplies and clean birthing kits.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1228, "Sentence":"This service needs to be supported by effective referral systems and emergency back-up systems, e.g., to control outbreaks of infectious diseases or deal with immediate, life-threatening mental trauma.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR service need supported effective referral system emergency backup system e.g . control outbreak infectious disease deal immediate lifethreatening mental trauma ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Operational objectives for the health sector in the DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The overall goal of health action is to reduce avoidable illness and death. In the context of DDR, this requires that the health programmes focus on providing: \\n basic, preventive and curative, specifically designed and good-quality health care that is easily accessible at every stage of the process \u2014 in any transit stations, in demobili- zation\/cantonment\/assembly camps if they are used, in ICCs for children, and in the communities where combatants will live once they are demobilized; \\n basic health care, including reproductive health care and psychosocial care, that is appropriate to the different needs of men, women, youth, girls and boys going through DDR. This service needs to be supported by effective referral systems and emergency back-up systems, e.g., to control outbreaks of infectious diseases or deal with immediate, life-threatening mental trauma. Health information and advice must be made available in language that can be understood by the different groups for which the health care is designed; \\n training of camp managers on health-related matters, e.g., on the construction of appro- priate areas for the registration and protection of vulnerable groups, the provision of food appropriate to different needs (e.g., for the sick, and for nursing mothers, infants and small children), problems with drug and alcohol addiction, water, shelter, sanita- tion, supplies of items needed for hygiene (soap, buckets), and fuel. Women and girls will need specific assistance to meet their hygiene needs, including menstrual supplies and clean birthing kits.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1228, "Sentence":"Health information and advice must be made available in language that can be understood by the different groups for which the health care is designed; \\n training of camp managers on health-related matters, e.g., on the construction of appro- priate areas for the registration and protection of vulnerable groups, the provision of food appropriate to different needs (e.g., for the sick, and for nursing mothers, infants and small children), problems with drug and alcohol addiction, water, shelter, sanita- tion, supplies of items needed for hygiene (soap, buckets), and fuel.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR health information advice must made available language understood different group health care designed n training camp manager healthrelated matter e.g . construction appro priate area registration protection vulnerable group provision food appropriate different need e.g . sick nursing mother infant small child problem drug alcohol addiction water shelter sanita tion supply item needed hygiene soap bucket fuel ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Operational objectives for the health sector in the DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The overall goal of health action is to reduce avoidable illness and death. In the context of DDR, this requires that the health programmes focus on providing: \\n basic, preventive and curative, specifically designed and good-quality health care that is easily accessible at every stage of the process \u2014 in any transit stations, in demobili- zation\/cantonment\/assembly camps if they are used, in ICCs for children, and in the communities where combatants will live once they are demobilized; \\n basic health care, including reproductive health care and psychosocial care, that is appropriate to the different needs of men, women, youth, girls and boys going through DDR. This service needs to be supported by effective referral systems and emergency back-up systems, e.g., to control outbreaks of infectious diseases or deal with immediate, life-threatening mental trauma. Health information and advice must be made available in language that can be understood by the different groups for which the health care is designed; \\n training of camp managers on health-related matters, e.g., on the construction of appro- priate areas for the registration and protection of vulnerable groups, the provision of food appropriate to different needs (e.g., for the sick, and for nursing mothers, infants and small children), problems with drug and alcohol addiction, water, shelter, sanita- tion, supplies of items needed for hygiene (soap, buckets), and fuel. Women and girls will need specific assistance to meet their hygiene needs, including menstrual supplies and clean birthing kits.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1228, "Sentence":"Women and girls will need specific assistance to meet their hygiene needs, including menstrual supplies and clean birthing kits.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR woman girl need specific assistance meet hygiene need including menstrual supply clean birthing kit ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The health sector has three main areas of responsibility during the planning phase: (1) to assess the epidemiological profile in the areas and populations of interest; (2) to assess exist- ing health resources; and (3) to advise on public health concerns in choosing the sites where combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces and\/or dependants will be assembled. Planning to meet health needs should start as early as possible and should be constantly updated as the DDR process develops.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1229, "Sentence":"The health sector has three main areas of responsibility during the planning phase: (1) to assess the epidemiological profile in the areas and populations of interest; (2) to assess exist- ing health resources; and (3) to advise on public health concerns in choosing the sites where combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces and\/or dependants will be assembled.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR health sector three main area responsibility planning phase 1 ass epidemiological profile area population interest 2 ass exist ing health resource 3 advise public health concern choosing site combatant woman associated armed group force and\/or dependant assembled ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The health sector has three main areas of responsibility during the planning phase: (1) to assess the epidemiological profile in the areas and populations of interest; (2) to assess exist- ing health resources; and (3) to advise on public health concerns in choosing the sites where combatants, women associated with armed groups and forces and\/or dependants will be assembled. Planning to meet health needs should start as early as possible and should be constantly updated as the DDR process develops.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1229, "Sentence":"Planning to meet health needs should start as early as possible and should be constantly updated as the DDR process develops.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR planning meet health need start early possible constantly updated ddr process develops ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.1. Assessing epidemiological profiles", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Three key questions must be asked in order to create an epidemiological profile: (1) What is the health status of the targeted population? (2) What health risks, if any, will they face when they move during DDR processes? (3) What health threats might they pose, if any, to local communities near transit areas or those in which they reintegrate?Epidemiological data, i.e., at least minimum statistics on the most prevalent causes of illness and death, are usually available from the national health authorities or the WHO country office. These data are usually of poor quality in war-torn countries or those in transi- tion into a post-conflict phase, and are often outdated. However, even a broad overview can provide enough information to start planning.Assess the risks and plan accordingly.5 Information that will be needed includes: \\n the composition of target population (age and sex) and their general health status; \\n the transit sites and the health care situation there; \\n the places to which former combatants and the people associated with them will return and the capacity to supply health services there.ore detailed and updated information may be available from NGOs working in the area or the health services of the armed forces or groups. If possible, it should come from field assessments or rapid surveys.6 The following guiding questions should be asked: \\n What kinds of population movements are expected during the DDR process (not only movements of people associated with armed forces and groups, but also an idea of where populations of refugees and internally displaced persons might intersect\/interact with them in some way)? \\n What are the most prevalent health hazards (e.g., endemic diseases, history of epidem- ics) in the areas of origin, transit and destination? \\n What is the size of groups (women combatants and associates, child soldiers, disabled people, etc.) with specific health needs? \\n Are there specific health concerns relating to military personnel, as opposed to the civil- ian population?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1230, "Sentence":"Three key questions must be asked in order to create an epidemiological profile: (1) What is the health status of the targeted population?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR three key question must asked order create epidemiological profile 1 health status targeted population" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.1. Assessing epidemiological profiles", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Three key questions must be asked in order to create an epidemiological profile: (1) What is the health status of the targeted population? (2) What health risks, if any, will they face when they move during DDR processes? (3) What health threats might they pose, if any, to local communities near transit areas or those in which they reintegrate?Epidemiological data, i.e., at least minimum statistics on the most prevalent causes of illness and death, are usually available from the national health authorities or the WHO country office. These data are usually of poor quality in war-torn countries or those in transi- tion into a post-conflict phase, and are often outdated. However, even a broad overview can provide enough information to start planning.Assess the risks and plan accordingly.5 Information that will be needed includes: \\n the composition of target population (age and sex) and their general health status; \\n the transit sites and the health care situation there; \\n the places to which former combatants and the people associated with them will return and the capacity to supply health services there.ore detailed and updated information may be available from NGOs working in the area or the health services of the armed forces or groups. If possible, it should come from field assessments or rapid surveys.6 The following guiding questions should be asked: \\n What kinds of population movements are expected during the DDR process (not only movements of people associated with armed forces and groups, but also an idea of where populations of refugees and internally displaced persons might intersect\/interact with them in some way)? \\n What are the most prevalent health hazards (e.g., endemic diseases, history of epidem- ics) in the areas of origin, transit and destination? \\n What is the size of groups (women combatants and associates, child soldiers, disabled people, etc.) with specific health needs? \\n Are there specific health concerns relating to military personnel, as opposed to the civil- ian population?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1230, "Sentence":"(2) What health risks, if any, will they face when they move during DDR processes?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR 2 health risk face move ddr process" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.1. Assessing epidemiological profiles", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Three key questions must be asked in order to create an epidemiological profile: (1) What is the health status of the targeted population? (2) What health risks, if any, will they face when they move during DDR processes? (3) What health threats might they pose, if any, to local communities near transit areas or those in which they reintegrate?Epidemiological data, i.e., at least minimum statistics on the most prevalent causes of illness and death, are usually available from the national health authorities or the WHO country office. These data are usually of poor quality in war-torn countries or those in transi- tion into a post-conflict phase, and are often outdated. However, even a broad overview can provide enough information to start planning.Assess the risks and plan accordingly.5 Information that will be needed includes: \\n the composition of target population (age and sex) and their general health status; \\n the transit sites and the health care situation there; \\n the places to which former combatants and the people associated with them will return and the capacity to supply health services there.ore detailed and updated information may be available from NGOs working in the area or the health services of the armed forces or groups. If possible, it should come from field assessments or rapid surveys.6 The following guiding questions should be asked: \\n What kinds of population movements are expected during the DDR process (not only movements of people associated with armed forces and groups, but also an idea of where populations of refugees and internally displaced persons might intersect\/interact with them in some way)? \\n What are the most prevalent health hazards (e.g., endemic diseases, history of epidem- ics) in the areas of origin, transit and destination? \\n What is the size of groups (women combatants and associates, child soldiers, disabled people, etc.) with specific health needs? \\n Are there specific health concerns relating to military personnel, as opposed to the civil- ian population?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1230, "Sentence":"(3) What health threats might they pose, if any, to local communities near transit areas or those in which they reintegrate?Epidemiological data, i.e., at least minimum statistics on the most prevalent causes of illness and death, are usually available from the national health authorities or the WHO country office.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR 3 health threat might pose local community near transit area reintegrateepidemiological data i.e . least minimum statistic prevalent cause illness death usually available national health authority country office ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.1. Assessing epidemiological profiles", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Three key questions must be asked in order to create an epidemiological profile: (1) What is the health status of the targeted population? (2) What health risks, if any, will they face when they move during DDR processes? (3) What health threats might they pose, if any, to local communities near transit areas or those in which they reintegrate?Epidemiological data, i.e., at least minimum statistics on the most prevalent causes of illness and death, are usually available from the national health authorities or the WHO country office. These data are usually of poor quality in war-torn countries or those in transi- tion into a post-conflict phase, and are often outdated. However, even a broad overview can provide enough information to start planning.Assess the risks and plan accordingly.5 Information that will be needed includes: \\n the composition of target population (age and sex) and their general health status; \\n the transit sites and the health care situation there; \\n the places to which former combatants and the people associated with them will return and the capacity to supply health services there.ore detailed and updated information may be available from NGOs working in the area or the health services of the armed forces or groups. If possible, it should come from field assessments or rapid surveys.6 The following guiding questions should be asked: \\n What kinds of population movements are expected during the DDR process (not only movements of people associated with armed forces and groups, but also an idea of where populations of refugees and internally displaced persons might intersect\/interact with them in some way)? \\n What are the most prevalent health hazards (e.g., endemic diseases, history of epidem- ics) in the areas of origin, transit and destination? \\n What is the size of groups (women combatants and associates, child soldiers, disabled people, etc.) with specific health needs? \\n Are there specific health concerns relating to military personnel, as opposed to the civil- ian population?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1230, "Sentence":"These data are usually of poor quality in war-torn countries or those in transi- tion into a post-conflict phase, and are often outdated.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR data usually poor quality wartorn country transi tion postconflict phase often outdated ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.1. Assessing epidemiological profiles", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Three key questions must be asked in order to create an epidemiological profile: (1) What is the health status of the targeted population? (2) What health risks, if any, will they face when they move during DDR processes? (3) What health threats might they pose, if any, to local communities near transit areas or those in which they reintegrate?Epidemiological data, i.e., at least minimum statistics on the most prevalent causes of illness and death, are usually available from the national health authorities or the WHO country office. These data are usually of poor quality in war-torn countries or those in transi- tion into a post-conflict phase, and are often outdated. However, even a broad overview can provide enough information to start planning.Assess the risks and plan accordingly.5 Information that will be needed includes: \\n the composition of target population (age and sex) and their general health status; \\n the transit sites and the health care situation there; \\n the places to which former combatants and the people associated with them will return and the capacity to supply health services there.ore detailed and updated information may be available from NGOs working in the area or the health services of the armed forces or groups. If possible, it should come from field assessments or rapid surveys.6 The following guiding questions should be asked: \\n What kinds of population movements are expected during the DDR process (not only movements of people associated with armed forces and groups, but also an idea of where populations of refugees and internally displaced persons might intersect\/interact with them in some way)? \\n What are the most prevalent health hazards (e.g., endemic diseases, history of epidem- ics) in the areas of origin, transit and destination? \\n What is the size of groups (women combatants and associates, child soldiers, disabled people, etc.) with specific health needs? \\n Are there specific health concerns relating to military personnel, as opposed to the civil- ian population?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1230, "Sentence":"However, even a broad overview can provide enough information to start planning.Assess the risks and plan accordingly.5 Information that will be needed includes: \\n the composition of target population (age and sex) and their general health status; \\n the transit sites and the health care situation there; \\n the places to which former combatants and the people associated with them will return and the capacity to supply health services there.ore detailed and updated information may be available from NGOs working in the area or the health services of the armed forces or groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR however even broad overview provide enough information start planning.assess risk plan accordingly.5 information needed includes n composition target population age sex general health status n transit site health care situation n place former combatant people associated return capacity supply health service there.ore detailed updated information may available ngo working area health service armed force group ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.1. Assessing epidemiological profiles", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Three key questions must be asked in order to create an epidemiological profile: (1) What is the health status of the targeted population? (2) What health risks, if any, will they face when they move during DDR processes? (3) What health threats might they pose, if any, to local communities near transit areas or those in which they reintegrate?Epidemiological data, i.e., at least minimum statistics on the most prevalent causes of illness and death, are usually available from the national health authorities or the WHO country office. These data are usually of poor quality in war-torn countries or those in transi- tion into a post-conflict phase, and are often outdated. However, even a broad overview can provide enough information to start planning.Assess the risks and plan accordingly.5 Information that will be needed includes: \\n the composition of target population (age and sex) and their general health status; \\n the transit sites and the health care situation there; \\n the places to which former combatants and the people associated with them will return and the capacity to supply health services there.ore detailed and updated information may be available from NGOs working in the area or the health services of the armed forces or groups. If possible, it should come from field assessments or rapid surveys.6 The following guiding questions should be asked: \\n What kinds of population movements are expected during the DDR process (not only movements of people associated with armed forces and groups, but also an idea of where populations of refugees and internally displaced persons might intersect\/interact with them in some way)? \\n What are the most prevalent health hazards (e.g., endemic diseases, history of epidem- ics) in the areas of origin, transit and destination? \\n What is the size of groups (women combatants and associates, child soldiers, disabled people, etc.) with specific health needs? \\n Are there specific health concerns relating to military personnel, as opposed to the civil- ian population?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1230, "Sentence":"If possible, it should come from field assessments or rapid surveys.6 The following guiding questions should be asked: \\n What kinds of population movements are expected during the DDR process (not only movements of people associated with armed forces and groups, but also an idea of where populations of refugees and internally displaced persons might intersect\/interact with them in some way)?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR possible come field assessment rapid surveys.6 following guiding question asked n kind population movement expected ddr process movement people associated armed force group also idea population refugee internally displaced person might intersect\/interact way" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.1. Assessing epidemiological profiles", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Three key questions must be asked in order to create an epidemiological profile: (1) What is the health status of the targeted population? (2) What health risks, if any, will they face when they move during DDR processes? (3) What health threats might they pose, if any, to local communities near transit areas or those in which they reintegrate?Epidemiological data, i.e., at least minimum statistics on the most prevalent causes of illness and death, are usually available from the national health authorities or the WHO country office. These data are usually of poor quality in war-torn countries or those in transi- tion into a post-conflict phase, and are often outdated. However, even a broad overview can provide enough information to start planning.Assess the risks and plan accordingly.5 Information that will be needed includes: \\n the composition of target population (age and sex) and their general health status; \\n the transit sites and the health care situation there; \\n the places to which former combatants and the people associated with them will return and the capacity to supply health services there.ore detailed and updated information may be available from NGOs working in the area or the health services of the armed forces or groups. If possible, it should come from field assessments or rapid surveys.6 The following guiding questions should be asked: \\n What kinds of population movements are expected during the DDR process (not only movements of people associated with armed forces and groups, but also an idea of where populations of refugees and internally displaced persons might intersect\/interact with them in some way)? \\n What are the most prevalent health hazards (e.g., endemic diseases, history of epidem- ics) in the areas of origin, transit and destination? \\n What is the size of groups (women combatants and associates, child soldiers, disabled people, etc.) with specific health needs? \\n Are there specific health concerns relating to military personnel, as opposed to the civil- ian population?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1230, "Sentence":"\\n What are the most prevalent health hazards (e.g., endemic diseases, history of epidem- ics) in the areas of origin, transit and destination?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n prevalent health hazard e.g . endemic disease history epidem ic area origin transit destination" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.1. Assessing epidemiological profiles", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Three key questions must be asked in order to create an epidemiological profile: (1) What is the health status of the targeted population? (2) What health risks, if any, will they face when they move during DDR processes? (3) What health threats might they pose, if any, to local communities near transit areas or those in which they reintegrate?Epidemiological data, i.e., at least minimum statistics on the most prevalent causes of illness and death, are usually available from the national health authorities or the WHO country office. These data are usually of poor quality in war-torn countries or those in transi- tion into a post-conflict phase, and are often outdated. However, even a broad overview can provide enough information to start planning.Assess the risks and plan accordingly.5 Information that will be needed includes: \\n the composition of target population (age and sex) and their general health status; \\n the transit sites and the health care situation there; \\n the places to which former combatants and the people associated with them will return and the capacity to supply health services there.ore detailed and updated information may be available from NGOs working in the area or the health services of the armed forces or groups. If possible, it should come from field assessments or rapid surveys.6 The following guiding questions should be asked: \\n What kinds of population movements are expected during the DDR process (not only movements of people associated with armed forces and groups, but also an idea of where populations of refugees and internally displaced persons might intersect\/interact with them in some way)? \\n What are the most prevalent health hazards (e.g., endemic diseases, history of epidem- ics) in the areas of origin, transit and destination? \\n What is the size of groups (women combatants and associates, child soldiers, disabled people, etc.) with specific health needs? \\n Are there specific health concerns relating to military personnel, as opposed to the civil- ian population?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1230, "Sentence":"\\n What is the size of groups (women combatants and associates, child soldiers, disabled people, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n size group woman combatant associate child soldier disabled people etc ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.1. Assessing epidemiological profiles", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Three key questions must be asked in order to create an epidemiological profile: (1) What is the health status of the targeted population? (2) What health risks, if any, will they face when they move during DDR processes? (3) What health threats might they pose, if any, to local communities near transit areas or those in which they reintegrate?Epidemiological data, i.e., at least minimum statistics on the most prevalent causes of illness and death, are usually available from the national health authorities or the WHO country office. These data are usually of poor quality in war-torn countries or those in transi- tion into a post-conflict phase, and are often outdated. However, even a broad overview can provide enough information to start planning.Assess the risks and plan accordingly.5 Information that will be needed includes: \\n the composition of target population (age and sex) and their general health status; \\n the transit sites and the health care situation there; \\n the places to which former combatants and the people associated with them will return and the capacity to supply health services there.ore detailed and updated information may be available from NGOs working in the area or the health services of the armed forces or groups. If possible, it should come from field assessments or rapid surveys.6 The following guiding questions should be asked: \\n What kinds of population movements are expected during the DDR process (not only movements of people associated with armed forces and groups, but also an idea of where populations of refugees and internally displaced persons might intersect\/interact with them in some way)? \\n What are the most prevalent health hazards (e.g., endemic diseases, history of epidem- ics) in the areas of origin, transit and destination? \\n What is the size of groups (women combatants and associates, child soldiers, disabled people, etc.) with specific health needs? \\n Are there specific health concerns relating to military personnel, as opposed to the civil- ian population?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1230, "Sentence":"with specific health needs?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR specific health need" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.1. Assessing epidemiological profiles", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Three key questions must be asked in order to create an epidemiological profile: (1) What is the health status of the targeted population? (2) What health risks, if any, will they face when they move during DDR processes? (3) What health threats might they pose, if any, to local communities near transit areas or those in which they reintegrate?Epidemiological data, i.e., at least minimum statistics on the most prevalent causes of illness and death, are usually available from the national health authorities or the WHO country office. These data are usually of poor quality in war-torn countries or those in transi- tion into a post-conflict phase, and are often outdated. However, even a broad overview can provide enough information to start planning.Assess the risks and plan accordingly.5 Information that will be needed includes: \\n the composition of target population (age and sex) and their general health status; \\n the transit sites and the health care situation there; \\n the places to which former combatants and the people associated with them will return and the capacity to supply health services there.ore detailed and updated information may be available from NGOs working in the area or the health services of the armed forces or groups. If possible, it should come from field assessments or rapid surveys.6 The following guiding questions should be asked: \\n What kinds of population movements are expected during the DDR process (not only movements of people associated with armed forces and groups, but also an idea of where populations of refugees and internally displaced persons might intersect\/interact with them in some way)? \\n What are the most prevalent health hazards (e.g., endemic diseases, history of epidem- ics) in the areas of origin, transit and destination? \\n What is the size of groups (women combatants and associates, child soldiers, disabled people, etc.) with specific health needs? \\n Are there specific health concerns relating to military personnel, as opposed to the civil- ian population?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1230, "Sentence":"\\n Are there specific health concerns relating to military personnel, as opposed to the civil- ian population?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n specific health concern relating military personnel opposed civil ian population" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.2. Assessment of health resources", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"After the completion of an assessment of the health needs to be met in a crisis, the capacity of the system to meet these needs should be examined. It is necessary to identify the system\u2019s main weaknesses and to make improvements so that they do not endanger the success of the DDR process.7The following information is needed: \\n What is the location and state of existing health infrastructure? What can be done to upgrade it quickly, if necessary? \\n Do adequate storage facilities for health supplies exist nearby? \\n Is there an adequate communications infrastructure\/system with a good flow of information? \\n What human resources are there (numbers, qualification and experience levels, and geographical distribution)? \\n Where is the closest humanitarian and\/or health organization? Is it ready to participate or offer support? Who will coordinate efforts? \\n What material resources, including supplies, equipment and finances, have been established? \\n What is the state of support systems, including transport, energy, logistics and admin- istration?After answering these questions and assessing the situation, it is possible to identify important gaps in the health system and to start taking steps to support the DDR process (e.g., rehabilitating a health centre in an area where troops will be assembled), and to identify stakeholders \u2014 national and international \u2014 who can form partnerships with the health sector.When relevant and possible, the level of health expertise within armed groups and forces should be assessed to start identifying people who can be trained during the demo- bilization phase. Health expertise should be understood in a wide sense to include, when this is relevant and appropriate, traditional practitioners, and combatants and associates who have experience of health work, even without formal education and training, provided that appropriate supervision is guaranteed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1231, "Sentence":"After the completion of an assessment of the health needs to be met in a crisis, the capacity of the system to meet these needs should be examined.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR completion assessment health need met crisis capacity system meet need examined ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.2. Assessment of health resources", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"After the completion of an assessment of the health needs to be met in a crisis, the capacity of the system to meet these needs should be examined. It is necessary to identify the system\u2019s main weaknesses and to make improvements so that they do not endanger the success of the DDR process.7The following information is needed: \\n What is the location and state of existing health infrastructure? What can be done to upgrade it quickly, if necessary? \\n Do adequate storage facilities for health supplies exist nearby? \\n Is there an adequate communications infrastructure\/system with a good flow of information? \\n What human resources are there (numbers, qualification and experience levels, and geographical distribution)? \\n Where is the closest humanitarian and\/or health organization? Is it ready to participate or offer support? Who will coordinate efforts? \\n What material resources, including supplies, equipment and finances, have been established? \\n What is the state of support systems, including transport, energy, logistics and admin- istration?After answering these questions and assessing the situation, it is possible to identify important gaps in the health system and to start taking steps to support the DDR process (e.g., rehabilitating a health centre in an area where troops will be assembled), and to identify stakeholders \u2014 national and international \u2014 who can form partnerships with the health sector.When relevant and possible, the level of health expertise within armed groups and forces should be assessed to start identifying people who can be trained during the demo- bilization phase. Health expertise should be understood in a wide sense to include, when this is relevant and appropriate, traditional practitioners, and combatants and associates who have experience of health work, even without formal education and training, provided that appropriate supervision is guaranteed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1231, "Sentence":"It is necessary to identify the system\u2019s main weaknesses and to make improvements so that they do not endanger the success of the DDR process.7The following information is needed: \\n What is the location and state of existing health infrastructure?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR necessary identify system \u2019 main weakness make improvement endanger success ddr process.7the following information needed n location state existing health infrastructure" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.2. Assessment of health resources", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"After the completion of an assessment of the health needs to be met in a crisis, the capacity of the system to meet these needs should be examined. It is necessary to identify the system\u2019s main weaknesses and to make improvements so that they do not endanger the success of the DDR process.7The following information is needed: \\n What is the location and state of existing health infrastructure? What can be done to upgrade it quickly, if necessary? \\n Do adequate storage facilities for health supplies exist nearby? \\n Is there an adequate communications infrastructure\/system with a good flow of information? \\n What human resources are there (numbers, qualification and experience levels, and geographical distribution)? \\n Where is the closest humanitarian and\/or health organization? Is it ready to participate or offer support? Who will coordinate efforts? \\n What material resources, including supplies, equipment and finances, have been established? \\n What is the state of support systems, including transport, energy, logistics and admin- istration?After answering these questions and assessing the situation, it is possible to identify important gaps in the health system and to start taking steps to support the DDR process (e.g., rehabilitating a health centre in an area where troops will be assembled), and to identify stakeholders \u2014 national and international \u2014 who can form partnerships with the health sector.When relevant and possible, the level of health expertise within armed groups and forces should be assessed to start identifying people who can be trained during the demo- bilization phase. Health expertise should be understood in a wide sense to include, when this is relevant and appropriate, traditional practitioners, and combatants and associates who have experience of health work, even without formal education and training, provided that appropriate supervision is guaranteed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1231, "Sentence":"What can be done to upgrade it quickly, if necessary?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR done upgrade quickly necessary" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.2. Assessment of health resources", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"After the completion of an assessment of the health needs to be met in a crisis, the capacity of the system to meet these needs should be examined. It is necessary to identify the system\u2019s main weaknesses and to make improvements so that they do not endanger the success of the DDR process.7The following information is needed: \\n What is the location and state of existing health infrastructure? What can be done to upgrade it quickly, if necessary? \\n Do adequate storage facilities for health supplies exist nearby? \\n Is there an adequate communications infrastructure\/system with a good flow of information? \\n What human resources are there (numbers, qualification and experience levels, and geographical distribution)? \\n Where is the closest humanitarian and\/or health organization? Is it ready to participate or offer support? Who will coordinate efforts? \\n What material resources, including supplies, equipment and finances, have been established? \\n What is the state of support systems, including transport, energy, logistics and admin- istration?After answering these questions and assessing the situation, it is possible to identify important gaps in the health system and to start taking steps to support the DDR process (e.g., rehabilitating a health centre in an area where troops will be assembled), and to identify stakeholders \u2014 national and international \u2014 who can form partnerships with the health sector.When relevant and possible, the level of health expertise within armed groups and forces should be assessed to start identifying people who can be trained during the demo- bilization phase. Health expertise should be understood in a wide sense to include, when this is relevant and appropriate, traditional practitioners, and combatants and associates who have experience of health work, even without formal education and training, provided that appropriate supervision is guaranteed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1231, "Sentence":"\\n Do adequate storage facilities for health supplies exist nearby?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n adequate storage facility health supply exist nearby" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.2. Assessment of health resources", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"After the completion of an assessment of the health needs to be met in a crisis, the capacity of the system to meet these needs should be examined. It is necessary to identify the system\u2019s main weaknesses and to make improvements so that they do not endanger the success of the DDR process.7The following information is needed: \\n What is the location and state of existing health infrastructure? What can be done to upgrade it quickly, if necessary? \\n Do adequate storage facilities for health supplies exist nearby? \\n Is there an adequate communications infrastructure\/system with a good flow of information? \\n What human resources are there (numbers, qualification and experience levels, and geographical distribution)? \\n Where is the closest humanitarian and\/or health organization? Is it ready to participate or offer support? Who will coordinate efforts? \\n What material resources, including supplies, equipment and finances, have been established? \\n What is the state of support systems, including transport, energy, logistics and admin- istration?After answering these questions and assessing the situation, it is possible to identify important gaps in the health system and to start taking steps to support the DDR process (e.g., rehabilitating a health centre in an area where troops will be assembled), and to identify stakeholders \u2014 national and international \u2014 who can form partnerships with the health sector.When relevant and possible, the level of health expertise within armed groups and forces should be assessed to start identifying people who can be trained during the demo- bilization phase. Health expertise should be understood in a wide sense to include, when this is relevant and appropriate, traditional practitioners, and combatants and associates who have experience of health work, even without formal education and training, provided that appropriate supervision is guaranteed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1231, "Sentence":"\\n Is there an adequate communications infrastructure\/system with a good flow of information?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n adequate communication infrastructure\/system good flow information" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.2. Assessment of health resources", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"After the completion of an assessment of the health needs to be met in a crisis, the capacity of the system to meet these needs should be examined. It is necessary to identify the system\u2019s main weaknesses and to make improvements so that they do not endanger the success of the DDR process.7The following information is needed: \\n What is the location and state of existing health infrastructure? What can be done to upgrade it quickly, if necessary? \\n Do adequate storage facilities for health supplies exist nearby? \\n Is there an adequate communications infrastructure\/system with a good flow of information? \\n What human resources are there (numbers, qualification and experience levels, and geographical distribution)? \\n Where is the closest humanitarian and\/or health organization? Is it ready to participate or offer support? Who will coordinate efforts? \\n What material resources, including supplies, equipment and finances, have been established? \\n What is the state of support systems, including transport, energy, logistics and admin- istration?After answering these questions and assessing the situation, it is possible to identify important gaps in the health system and to start taking steps to support the DDR process (e.g., rehabilitating a health centre in an area where troops will be assembled), and to identify stakeholders \u2014 national and international \u2014 who can form partnerships with the health sector.When relevant and possible, the level of health expertise within armed groups and forces should be assessed to start identifying people who can be trained during the demo- bilization phase. Health expertise should be understood in a wide sense to include, when this is relevant and appropriate, traditional practitioners, and combatants and associates who have experience of health work, even without formal education and training, provided that appropriate supervision is guaranteed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1231, "Sentence":"\\n What human resources are there (numbers, qualification and experience levels, and geographical distribution)?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n human resource number qualification experience level geographical distribution" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.2. Assessment of health resources", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"After the completion of an assessment of the health needs to be met in a crisis, the capacity of the system to meet these needs should be examined. It is necessary to identify the system\u2019s main weaknesses and to make improvements so that they do not endanger the success of the DDR process.7The following information is needed: \\n What is the location and state of existing health infrastructure? What can be done to upgrade it quickly, if necessary? \\n Do adequate storage facilities for health supplies exist nearby? \\n Is there an adequate communications infrastructure\/system with a good flow of information? \\n What human resources are there (numbers, qualification and experience levels, and geographical distribution)? \\n Where is the closest humanitarian and\/or health organization? Is it ready to participate or offer support? Who will coordinate efforts? \\n What material resources, including supplies, equipment and finances, have been established? \\n What is the state of support systems, including transport, energy, logistics and admin- istration?After answering these questions and assessing the situation, it is possible to identify important gaps in the health system and to start taking steps to support the DDR process (e.g., rehabilitating a health centre in an area where troops will be assembled), and to identify stakeholders \u2014 national and international \u2014 who can form partnerships with the health sector.When relevant and possible, the level of health expertise within armed groups and forces should be assessed to start identifying people who can be trained during the demo- bilization phase. Health expertise should be understood in a wide sense to include, when this is relevant and appropriate, traditional practitioners, and combatants and associates who have experience of health work, even without formal education and training, provided that appropriate supervision is guaranteed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1231, "Sentence":"\\n Where is the closest humanitarian and\/or health organization?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n closest humanitarian and\/or health organization" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.2. Assessment of health resources", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"After the completion of an assessment of the health needs to be met in a crisis, the capacity of the system to meet these needs should be examined. It is necessary to identify the system\u2019s main weaknesses and to make improvements so that they do not endanger the success of the DDR process.7The following information is needed: \\n What is the location and state of existing health infrastructure? What can be done to upgrade it quickly, if necessary? \\n Do adequate storage facilities for health supplies exist nearby? \\n Is there an adequate communications infrastructure\/system with a good flow of information? \\n What human resources are there (numbers, qualification and experience levels, and geographical distribution)? \\n Where is the closest humanitarian and\/or health organization? Is it ready to participate or offer support? Who will coordinate efforts? \\n What material resources, including supplies, equipment and finances, have been established? \\n What is the state of support systems, including transport, energy, logistics and admin- istration?After answering these questions and assessing the situation, it is possible to identify important gaps in the health system and to start taking steps to support the DDR process (e.g., rehabilitating a health centre in an area where troops will be assembled), and to identify stakeholders \u2014 national and international \u2014 who can form partnerships with the health sector.When relevant and possible, the level of health expertise within armed groups and forces should be assessed to start identifying people who can be trained during the demo- bilization phase. Health expertise should be understood in a wide sense to include, when this is relevant and appropriate, traditional practitioners, and combatants and associates who have experience of health work, even without formal education and training, provided that appropriate supervision is guaranteed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1231, "Sentence":"Is it ready to participate or offer support?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR ready participate offer support" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.2. Assessment of health resources", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"After the completion of an assessment of the health needs to be met in a crisis, the capacity of the system to meet these needs should be examined. It is necessary to identify the system\u2019s main weaknesses and to make improvements so that they do not endanger the success of the DDR process.7The following information is needed: \\n What is the location and state of existing health infrastructure? What can be done to upgrade it quickly, if necessary? \\n Do adequate storage facilities for health supplies exist nearby? \\n Is there an adequate communications infrastructure\/system with a good flow of information? \\n What human resources are there (numbers, qualification and experience levels, and geographical distribution)? \\n Where is the closest humanitarian and\/or health organization? Is it ready to participate or offer support? Who will coordinate efforts? \\n What material resources, including supplies, equipment and finances, have been established? \\n What is the state of support systems, including transport, energy, logistics and admin- istration?After answering these questions and assessing the situation, it is possible to identify important gaps in the health system and to start taking steps to support the DDR process (e.g., rehabilitating a health centre in an area where troops will be assembled), and to identify stakeholders \u2014 national and international \u2014 who can form partnerships with the health sector.When relevant and possible, the level of health expertise within armed groups and forces should be assessed to start identifying people who can be trained during the demo- bilization phase. Health expertise should be understood in a wide sense to include, when this is relevant and appropriate, traditional practitioners, and combatants and associates who have experience of health work, even without formal education and training, provided that appropriate supervision is guaranteed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1231, "Sentence":"Who will coordinate efforts?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR coordinate effort" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.2. Assessment of health resources", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"After the completion of an assessment of the health needs to be met in a crisis, the capacity of the system to meet these needs should be examined. It is necessary to identify the system\u2019s main weaknesses and to make improvements so that they do not endanger the success of the DDR process.7The following information is needed: \\n What is the location and state of existing health infrastructure? What can be done to upgrade it quickly, if necessary? \\n Do adequate storage facilities for health supplies exist nearby? \\n Is there an adequate communications infrastructure\/system with a good flow of information? \\n What human resources are there (numbers, qualification and experience levels, and geographical distribution)? \\n Where is the closest humanitarian and\/or health organization? Is it ready to participate or offer support? Who will coordinate efforts? \\n What material resources, including supplies, equipment and finances, have been established? \\n What is the state of support systems, including transport, energy, logistics and admin- istration?After answering these questions and assessing the situation, it is possible to identify important gaps in the health system and to start taking steps to support the DDR process (e.g., rehabilitating a health centre in an area where troops will be assembled), and to identify stakeholders \u2014 national and international \u2014 who can form partnerships with the health sector.When relevant and possible, the level of health expertise within armed groups and forces should be assessed to start identifying people who can be trained during the demo- bilization phase. Health expertise should be understood in a wide sense to include, when this is relevant and appropriate, traditional practitioners, and combatants and associates who have experience of health work, even without formal education and training, provided that appropriate supervision is guaranteed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1231, "Sentence":"\\n What material resources, including supplies, equipment and finances, have been established?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n material resource including supply equipment finance established" }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.2. Assessment of health resources", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"After the completion of an assessment of the health needs to be met in a crisis, the capacity of the system to meet these needs should be examined. It is necessary to identify the system\u2019s main weaknesses and to make improvements so that they do not endanger the success of the DDR process.7The following information is needed: \\n What is the location and state of existing health infrastructure? What can be done to upgrade it quickly, if necessary? \\n Do adequate storage facilities for health supplies exist nearby? \\n Is there an adequate communications infrastructure\/system with a good flow of information? \\n What human resources are there (numbers, qualification and experience levels, and geographical distribution)? \\n Where is the closest humanitarian and\/or health organization? Is it ready to participate or offer support? Who will coordinate efforts? \\n What material resources, including supplies, equipment and finances, have been established? \\n What is the state of support systems, including transport, energy, logistics and admin- istration?After answering these questions and assessing the situation, it is possible to identify important gaps in the health system and to start taking steps to support the DDR process (e.g., rehabilitating a health centre in an area where troops will be assembled), and to identify stakeholders \u2014 national and international \u2014 who can form partnerships with the health sector.When relevant and possible, the level of health expertise within armed groups and forces should be assessed to start identifying people who can be trained during the demo- bilization phase. Health expertise should be understood in a wide sense to include, when this is relevant and appropriate, traditional practitioners, and combatants and associates who have experience of health work, even without formal education and training, provided that appropriate supervision is guaranteed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1231, "Sentence":"\\n What is the state of support systems, including transport, energy, logistics and admin- istration?After answering these questions and assessing the situation, it is possible to identify important gaps in the health system and to start taking steps to support the DDR process (e.g., rehabilitating a health centre in an area where troops will be assembled), and to identify stakeholders \u2014 national and international \u2014 who can form partnerships with the health sector.When relevant and possible, the level of health expertise within armed groups and forces should be assessed to start identifying people who can be trained during the demo- bilization phase.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n state support system including transport energy logistics admin istrationafter answering question assessing situation possible identify important gap health system start taking step support ddr process e.g . rehabilitating health centre area troop assembled identify stakeholder \u2014 national international \u2014 form partnership health sector.when relevant possible level health expertise within armed group force assessed start identifying people trained demo bilization phase ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.2. Assessment of health resources", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"After the completion of an assessment of the health needs to be met in a crisis, the capacity of the system to meet these needs should be examined. It is necessary to identify the system\u2019s main weaknesses and to make improvements so that they do not endanger the success of the DDR process.7The following information is needed: \\n What is the location and state of existing health infrastructure? What can be done to upgrade it quickly, if necessary? \\n Do adequate storage facilities for health supplies exist nearby? \\n Is there an adequate communications infrastructure\/system with a good flow of information? \\n What human resources are there (numbers, qualification and experience levels, and geographical distribution)? \\n Where is the closest humanitarian and\/or health organization? Is it ready to participate or offer support? Who will coordinate efforts? \\n What material resources, including supplies, equipment and finances, have been established? \\n What is the state of support systems, including transport, energy, logistics and admin- istration?After answering these questions and assessing the situation, it is possible to identify important gaps in the health system and to start taking steps to support the DDR process (e.g., rehabilitating a health centre in an area where troops will be assembled), and to identify stakeholders \u2014 national and international \u2014 who can form partnerships with the health sector.When relevant and possible, the level of health expertise within armed groups and forces should be assessed to start identifying people who can be trained during the demo- bilization phase. Health expertise should be understood in a wide sense to include, when this is relevant and appropriate, traditional practitioners, and combatants and associates who have experience of health work, even without formal education and training, provided that appropriate supervision is guaranteed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1231, "Sentence":"Health expertise should be understood in a wide sense to include, when this is relevant and appropriate, traditional practitioners, and combatants and associates who have experience of health work, even without formal education and training, provided that appropriate supervision is guaranteed.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR health expertise understood wide sense include relevant appropriate traditional practitioner combatant associate experience health work even without formal education training provided appropriate supervision guaranteed ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.3. Support in the identification of assembly areas", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When assembly areas or cantonment sites are established to carry out demobilization and disarmament, health personnel should help with site selection and provide technical advice on site design. International humanitarian standards on camp design should apply, and gender-specific requirements should be taken into account (e.g., security, rape prevention, the provision of female-specific health care assistance). As a general rule, the area must conform with the Sphere standards for water supply and sanitation, drainage, vector control, etc. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be pre-identi- fied, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to cater for any emergencies that might arise, e.g., post-partum bleeding (the distance to the nearest health facility and the time required to get there are important factors to consider here).When combatants are housed in military barracks or public buildings are restored for this purpose, these should also be assessed in terms of public health needs. Issues to con- sider include basic sanitary facilities, the possibility of health referrals in the surrounding area, and so on.If nearby health facilities are to be rehabilitated or new facilities established, the work should fit in with medium- to long-term plans. Even though health care will be provided for combatants, associates and dependants during the DDR process only for a short time, facilities should be rehabilitated or established that meet the requirements of the national strategy for rehabilitating the health system and provide the maximum long-term benefit possible to the general population.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1232, "Sentence":"When assembly areas or cantonment sites are established to carry out demobilization and disarmament, health personnel should help with site selection and provide technical advice on site design.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR assembly area cantonment site established carry demobilization disarmament health personnel help site selection provide technical advice site design ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.3. Support in the identification of assembly areas", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When assembly areas or cantonment sites are established to carry out demobilization and disarmament, health personnel should help with site selection and provide technical advice on site design. International humanitarian standards on camp design should apply, and gender-specific requirements should be taken into account (e.g., security, rape prevention, the provision of female-specific health care assistance). As a general rule, the area must conform with the Sphere standards for water supply and sanitation, drainage, vector control, etc. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be pre-identi- fied, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to cater for any emergencies that might arise, e.g., post-partum bleeding (the distance to the nearest health facility and the time required to get there are important factors to consider here).When combatants are housed in military barracks or public buildings are restored for this purpose, these should also be assessed in terms of public health needs. Issues to con- sider include basic sanitary facilities, the possibility of health referrals in the surrounding area, and so on.If nearby health facilities are to be rehabilitated or new facilities established, the work should fit in with medium- to long-term plans. Even though health care will be provided for combatants, associates and dependants during the DDR process only for a short time, facilities should be rehabilitated or established that meet the requirements of the national strategy for rehabilitating the health system and provide the maximum long-term benefit possible to the general population.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1232, "Sentence":"International humanitarian standards on camp design should apply, and gender-specific requirements should be taken into account (e.g., security, rape prevention, the provision of female-specific health care assistance).", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR international humanitarian standard camp design apply genderspecific requirement taken account e.g . security rape prevention provision femalespecific health care assistance ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.3. Support in the identification of assembly areas", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When assembly areas or cantonment sites are established to carry out demobilization and disarmament, health personnel should help with site selection and provide technical advice on site design. International humanitarian standards on camp design should apply, and gender-specific requirements should be taken into account (e.g., security, rape prevention, the provision of female-specific health care assistance). As a general rule, the area must conform with the Sphere standards for water supply and sanitation, drainage, vector control, etc. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be pre-identi- fied, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to cater for any emergencies that might arise, e.g., post-partum bleeding (the distance to the nearest health facility and the time required to get there are important factors to consider here).When combatants are housed in military barracks or public buildings are restored for this purpose, these should also be assessed in terms of public health needs. Issues to con- sider include basic sanitary facilities, the possibility of health referrals in the surrounding area, and so on.If nearby health facilities are to be rehabilitated or new facilities established, the work should fit in with medium- to long-term plans. Even though health care will be provided for combatants, associates and dependants during the DDR process only for a short time, facilities should be rehabilitated or established that meet the requirements of the national strategy for rehabilitating the health system and provide the maximum long-term benefit possible to the general population.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1232, "Sentence":"As a general rule, the area must conform with the Sphere standards for water supply and sanitation, drainage, vector control, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR general rule area must conform sphere standard water supply sanitation drainage vector control etc ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.3. Support in the identification of assembly areas", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When assembly areas or cantonment sites are established to carry out demobilization and disarmament, health personnel should help with site selection and provide technical advice on site design. International humanitarian standards on camp design should apply, and gender-specific requirements should be taken into account (e.g., security, rape prevention, the provision of female-specific health care assistance). As a general rule, the area must conform with the Sphere standards for water supply and sanitation, drainage, vector control, etc. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be pre-identi- fied, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to cater for any emergencies that might arise, e.g., post-partum bleeding (the distance to the nearest health facility and the time required to get there are important factors to consider here).When combatants are housed in military barracks or public buildings are restored for this purpose, these should also be assessed in terms of public health needs. Issues to con- sider include basic sanitary facilities, the possibility of health referrals in the surrounding area, and so on.If nearby health facilities are to be rehabilitated or new facilities established, the work should fit in with medium- to long-term plans. Even though health care will be provided for combatants, associates and dependants during the DDR process only for a short time, facilities should be rehabilitated or established that meet the requirements of the national strategy for rehabilitating the health system and provide the maximum long-term benefit possible to the general population.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1232, "Sentence":"Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be pre-identi- fied, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to cater for any emergencies that might arise, e.g., post-partum bleeding (the distance to the nearest health facility and the time required to get there are important factors to consider here).When combatants are housed in military barracks or public buildings are restored for this purpose, these should also be assessed in terms of public health needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR location route medical obstetric emergency referral must preidenti fied sufficient capacity referral medical evacuation cater emergency might arise e.g . postpartum bleeding distance nearest health facility time required get important factor consider here.when combatant housed military barrack public building restored purpose also assessed term public health need ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.3. Support in the identification of assembly areas", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When assembly areas or cantonment sites are established to carry out demobilization and disarmament, health personnel should help with site selection and provide technical advice on site design. International humanitarian standards on camp design should apply, and gender-specific requirements should be taken into account (e.g., security, rape prevention, the provision of female-specific health care assistance). As a general rule, the area must conform with the Sphere standards for water supply and sanitation, drainage, vector control, etc. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be pre-identi- fied, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to cater for any emergencies that might arise, e.g., post-partum bleeding (the distance to the nearest health facility and the time required to get there are important factors to consider here).When combatants are housed in military barracks or public buildings are restored for this purpose, these should also be assessed in terms of public health needs. Issues to con- sider include basic sanitary facilities, the possibility of health referrals in the surrounding area, and so on.If nearby health facilities are to be rehabilitated or new facilities established, the work should fit in with medium- to long-term plans. Even though health care will be provided for combatants, associates and dependants during the DDR process only for a short time, facilities should be rehabilitated or established that meet the requirements of the national strategy for rehabilitating the health system and provide the maximum long-term benefit possible to the general population.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1232, "Sentence":"Issues to con- sider include basic sanitary facilities, the possibility of health referrals in the surrounding area, and so on.If nearby health facilities are to be rehabilitated or new facilities established, the work should fit in with medium- to long-term plans.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR issue con sider include basic sanitary facility possibility health referral surrounding area on.if nearby health facility rehabilitated new facility established work fit medium longterm plan ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"7. The role of the health sector in the planning process", "Heading2":"7.3. Support in the identification of assembly areas", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"When assembly areas or cantonment sites are established to carry out demobilization and disarmament, health personnel should help with site selection and provide technical advice on site design. International humanitarian standards on camp design should apply, and gender-specific requirements should be taken into account (e.g., security, rape prevention, the provision of female-specific health care assistance). As a general rule, the area must conform with the Sphere standards for water supply and sanitation, drainage, vector control, etc. Locations and routes for medical and obstetric emergency referral must be pre-identi- fied, and there should be sufficient capacity for referral or medical evacuation to cater for any emergencies that might arise, e.g., post-partum bleeding (the distance to the nearest health facility and the time required to get there are important factors to consider here).When combatants are housed in military barracks or public buildings are restored for this purpose, these should also be assessed in terms of public health needs. Issues to con- sider include basic sanitary facilities, the possibility of health referrals in the surrounding area, and so on.If nearby health facilities are to be rehabilitated or new facilities established, the work should fit in with medium- to long-term plans. Even though health care will be provided for combatants, associates and dependants during the DDR process only for a short time, facilities should be rehabilitated or established that meet the requirements of the national strategy for rehabilitating the health system and provide the maximum long-term benefit possible to the general population.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1232, "Sentence":"Even though health care will be provided for combatants, associates and dependants during the DDR process only for a short time, facilities should be rehabilitated or established that meet the requirements of the national strategy for rehabilitating the health system and provide the maximum long-term benefit possible to the general population.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR even though health care provided combatant associate dependant ddr process short time facility rehabilitated established meet requirement national strategy rehabilitating health system provide maximum longterm benefit possible general population ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The concrete features of a DDR health programme will depend on the nature of a specific situation and on the key characteristics of the demobilization process (e.g., how long it is planned for). In all cases, at least the following must be guaranteed: a medical screening on first contact, ongoing access to health care and outbreak control. Supplementary or therapeutic feeding and other specific care should be planned for if pregnant or lactating women and girls, children or infants, and chronically ill patients are expected at the site.8Skilled workers, supplies, equipment and infrastructures will be needed inside, or within a very short distance from, the assembly area (within a maximum of one kilometre), to deliver, on a routine basis: (1) medical screening of newcomers; (2) basic health care; and, if necessary, (3) therapeutic feeding. Coordination with local health authorities and other sectors will ensure the presence of the necessary systems for medical evacuation, early detection of and response to disease outbreaks, and the equitable catering for people\u2019s vital needs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1233, "Sentence":"The concrete features of a DDR health programme will depend on the nature of a specific situation and on the key characteristics of the demobilization process (e.g., how long it is planned for).", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR concrete feature ddr health programme depend nature specific situation key characteristic demobilization process e.g . long planned ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The concrete features of a DDR health programme will depend on the nature of a specific situation and on the key characteristics of the demobilization process (e.g., how long it is planned for). In all cases, at least the following must be guaranteed: a medical screening on first contact, ongoing access to health care and outbreak control. Supplementary or therapeutic feeding and other specific care should be planned for if pregnant or lactating women and girls, children or infants, and chronically ill patients are expected at the site.8Skilled workers, supplies, equipment and infrastructures will be needed inside, or within a very short distance from, the assembly area (within a maximum of one kilometre), to deliver, on a routine basis: (1) medical screening of newcomers; (2) basic health care; and, if necessary, (3) therapeutic feeding. Coordination with local health authorities and other sectors will ensure the presence of the necessary systems for medical evacuation, early detection of and response to disease outbreaks, and the equitable catering for people\u2019s vital needs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1233, "Sentence":"In all cases, at least the following must be guaranteed: a medical screening on first contact, ongoing access to health care and outbreak control.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR case least following must guaranteed medical screening first contact ongoing access health care outbreak control ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The concrete features of a DDR health programme will depend on the nature of a specific situation and on the key characteristics of the demobilization process (e.g., how long it is planned for). In all cases, at least the following must be guaranteed: a medical screening on first contact, ongoing access to health care and outbreak control. Supplementary or therapeutic feeding and other specific care should be planned for if pregnant or lactating women and girls, children or infants, and chronically ill patients are expected at the site.8Skilled workers, supplies, equipment and infrastructures will be needed inside, or within a very short distance from, the assembly area (within a maximum of one kilometre), to deliver, on a routine basis: (1) medical screening of newcomers; (2) basic health care; and, if necessary, (3) therapeutic feeding. Coordination with local health authorities and other sectors will ensure the presence of the necessary systems for medical evacuation, early detection of and response to disease outbreaks, and the equitable catering for people\u2019s vital needs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1233, "Sentence":"Supplementary or therapeutic feeding and other specific care should be planned for if pregnant or lactating women and girls, children or infants, and chronically ill patients are expected at the site.8Skilled workers, supplies, equipment and infrastructures will be needed inside, or within a very short distance from, the assembly area (within a maximum of one kilometre), to deliver, on a routine basis: (1) medical screening of newcomers; (2) basic health care; and, if necessary, (3) therapeutic feeding.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR supplementary therapeutic feeding specific care planned pregnant lactating woman girl child infant chronically ill patient expected site.8skilled worker supply equipment infrastructure needed inside within short distance assembly area within maximum one kilometre deliver routine basis 1 medical screening newcomer 2 basic health care necessary 3 therapeutic feeding ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The concrete features of a DDR health programme will depend on the nature of a specific situation and on the key characteristics of the demobilization process (e.g., how long it is planned for). In all cases, at least the following must be guaranteed: a medical screening on first contact, ongoing access to health care and outbreak control. Supplementary or therapeutic feeding and other specific care should be planned for if pregnant or lactating women and girls, children or infants, and chronically ill patients are expected at the site.8Skilled workers, supplies, equipment and infrastructures will be needed inside, or within a very short distance from, the assembly area (within a maximum of one kilometre), to deliver, on a routine basis: (1) medical screening of newcomers; (2) basic health care; and, if necessary, (3) therapeutic feeding. Coordination with local health authorities and other sectors will ensure the presence of the necessary systems for medical evacuation, early detection of and response to disease outbreaks, and the equitable catering for people\u2019s vital needs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1233, "Sentence":"Coordination with local health authorities and other sectors will ensure the presence of the necessary systems for medical evacuation, early detection of and response to disease outbreaks, and the equitable catering for people\u2019s vital needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR coordination local health authority sector ensure presence necessary system medical evacuation early detection response disease outbreak equitable catering people \u2019 vital need ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.1. Dealing with key health concerns during demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Health concerns will vary greatly according to the geographical area where the demobili- zation occurs. Depending on location, health activities will normally include some or all of the following: \\n providing medical screening and counselling for combatants and dependants; \\n establishing basic preventive and curative health services. \\n Priority should go to acute and infectious conditions (typically malaria); however, as soon as possible, measures should also be set in place for chronic and non-infectious cases (e.g., tuberculosis and diabetes, or epilepsy) and for voluntary testing and counselling services for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV\/AIDS; \\n establishing a referral system that can cover medical, surgical and obstetric emergencies, as well as laboratory confirmation at least for diseases that could cause epidemics; \\n adopting and adapting national standard protocols for the treatment of the most common diseases;9 \\n establishing systems to monitor potential epidemiological\/nutritional problems within assembly areas, barracks, camps for dependants, etc. with the capacity for early warning and outbreak response; \\n providing drugs and equipment including a system for water quality control and bio- logical sample management; \\n organizing public health information campaigns on STIs (including HIV\/AIDS), water- borne disease, sanitation issues such as excreta disposal, food conservation and basic hygiene (especially for longer-term cantonment); \\n establishing systems for coordination, communication and logistics in support of the delivery of preventive and curative health care; \\n establishing systems for coordination with other sectors, to ensure that all vital needs and support systems are in place and functioning.Whenever people are grouped together in a temporary facility such as a cantonment site, there will be matters of specific concern to health practitioners. Issues to be aware of include: \\n Chronic communicable diseases: Proper compliance with anti-TB treatment can be difficult to organize and sustain, but it should be considered a priority; \\n HIV\/AIDS: Screening of soldiers should be voluntary and carried out after combatants are given enough information about the screening process. The usefulness of screening when the system is not able to respond adequately (by providing anti-retroviral therapy and proper follow-up) should be carefully thought out. Combatants have the right to the confidentiality of the information collected;10 \\n Violence\/injury prevention: Cantonment is a strategy for reducing violence, because it aims to contain armed combatants until their weapons can be safely removed. However, there is a strong likelihood of violence within cantonment sites, especially when abducted women or girls are separated from men. Specific care should be taken to avoid all pos- sible situations that might lead to sexual violence; \\n Mental health, psychosocial support and substance abuse:11 While cantonment provides an opportunity to check for the presence of self-directed violence such as drug and alcohol abuse, a key principle is that the best way of improving the mental well-being of ex- combatants and their associates is through economic and social reintegration, with com- munities having the central role in developing and implementing the social support systems needed to achieve this. In the demobilization stage of DDR, the health services must have the capacity to detect and treat severe, acute and chronic mental disorders. An evidence-based approach to substance abuse in DDR processes has still to be developed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1234, "Sentence":"Health concerns will vary greatly according to the geographical area where the demobili- zation occurs.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR health concern vary greatly according geographical area demobili zation occurs ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.1. Dealing with key health concerns during demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Health concerns will vary greatly according to the geographical area where the demobili- zation occurs. Depending on location, health activities will normally include some or all of the following: \\n providing medical screening and counselling for combatants and dependants; \\n establishing basic preventive and curative health services. \\n Priority should go to acute and infectious conditions (typically malaria); however, as soon as possible, measures should also be set in place for chronic and non-infectious cases (e.g., tuberculosis and diabetes, or epilepsy) and for voluntary testing and counselling services for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV\/AIDS; \\n establishing a referral system that can cover medical, surgical and obstetric emergencies, as well as laboratory confirmation at least for diseases that could cause epidemics; \\n adopting and adapting national standard protocols for the treatment of the most common diseases;9 \\n establishing systems to monitor potential epidemiological\/nutritional problems within assembly areas, barracks, camps for dependants, etc. with the capacity for early warning and outbreak response; \\n providing drugs and equipment including a system for water quality control and bio- logical sample management; \\n organizing public health information campaigns on STIs (including HIV\/AIDS), water- borne disease, sanitation issues such as excreta disposal, food conservation and basic hygiene (especially for longer-term cantonment); \\n establishing systems for coordination, communication and logistics in support of the delivery of preventive and curative health care; \\n establishing systems for coordination with other sectors, to ensure that all vital needs and support systems are in place and functioning.Whenever people are grouped together in a temporary facility such as a cantonment site, there will be matters of specific concern to health practitioners. Issues to be aware of include: \\n Chronic communicable diseases: Proper compliance with anti-TB treatment can be difficult to organize and sustain, but it should be considered a priority; \\n HIV\/AIDS: Screening of soldiers should be voluntary and carried out after combatants are given enough information about the screening process. The usefulness of screening when the system is not able to respond adequately (by providing anti-retroviral therapy and proper follow-up) should be carefully thought out. Combatants have the right to the confidentiality of the information collected;10 \\n Violence\/injury prevention: Cantonment is a strategy for reducing violence, because it aims to contain armed combatants until their weapons can be safely removed. However, there is a strong likelihood of violence within cantonment sites, especially when abducted women or girls are separated from men. Specific care should be taken to avoid all pos- sible situations that might lead to sexual violence; \\n Mental health, psychosocial support and substance abuse:11 While cantonment provides an opportunity to check for the presence of self-directed violence such as drug and alcohol abuse, a key principle is that the best way of improving the mental well-being of ex- combatants and their associates is through economic and social reintegration, with com- munities having the central role in developing and implementing the social support systems needed to achieve this. In the demobilization stage of DDR, the health services must have the capacity to detect and treat severe, acute and chronic mental disorders. An evidence-based approach to substance abuse in DDR processes has still to be developed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1234, "Sentence":"Depending on location, health activities will normally include some or all of the following: \\n providing medical screening and counselling for combatants and dependants; \\n establishing basic preventive and curative health services.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR depending location health activity normally include following n providing medical screening counselling combatant dependant n establishing basic preventive curative health service ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.1. Dealing with key health concerns during demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Health concerns will vary greatly according to the geographical area where the demobili- zation occurs. Depending on location, health activities will normally include some or all of the following: \\n providing medical screening and counselling for combatants and dependants; \\n establishing basic preventive and curative health services. \\n Priority should go to acute and infectious conditions (typically malaria); however, as soon as possible, measures should also be set in place for chronic and non-infectious cases (e.g., tuberculosis and diabetes, or epilepsy) and for voluntary testing and counselling services for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV\/AIDS; \\n establishing a referral system that can cover medical, surgical and obstetric emergencies, as well as laboratory confirmation at least for diseases that could cause epidemics; \\n adopting and adapting national standard protocols for the treatment of the most common diseases;9 \\n establishing systems to monitor potential epidemiological\/nutritional problems within assembly areas, barracks, camps for dependants, etc. with the capacity for early warning and outbreak response; \\n providing drugs and equipment including a system for water quality control and bio- logical sample management; \\n organizing public health information campaigns on STIs (including HIV\/AIDS), water- borne disease, sanitation issues such as excreta disposal, food conservation and basic hygiene (especially for longer-term cantonment); \\n establishing systems for coordination, communication and logistics in support of the delivery of preventive and curative health care; \\n establishing systems for coordination with other sectors, to ensure that all vital needs and support systems are in place and functioning.Whenever people are grouped together in a temporary facility such as a cantonment site, there will be matters of specific concern to health practitioners. Issues to be aware of include: \\n Chronic communicable diseases: Proper compliance with anti-TB treatment can be difficult to organize and sustain, but it should be considered a priority; \\n HIV\/AIDS: Screening of soldiers should be voluntary and carried out after combatants are given enough information about the screening process. The usefulness of screening when the system is not able to respond adequately (by providing anti-retroviral therapy and proper follow-up) should be carefully thought out. Combatants have the right to the confidentiality of the information collected;10 \\n Violence\/injury prevention: Cantonment is a strategy for reducing violence, because it aims to contain armed combatants until their weapons can be safely removed. However, there is a strong likelihood of violence within cantonment sites, especially when abducted women or girls are separated from men. Specific care should be taken to avoid all pos- sible situations that might lead to sexual violence; \\n Mental health, psychosocial support and substance abuse:11 While cantonment provides an opportunity to check for the presence of self-directed violence such as drug and alcohol abuse, a key principle is that the best way of improving the mental well-being of ex- combatants and their associates is through economic and social reintegration, with com- munities having the central role in developing and implementing the social support systems needed to achieve this. In the demobilization stage of DDR, the health services must have the capacity to detect and treat severe, acute and chronic mental disorders. An evidence-based approach to substance abuse in DDR processes has still to be developed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1234, "Sentence":"\\n Priority should go to acute and infectious conditions (typically malaria); however, as soon as possible, measures should also be set in place for chronic and non-infectious cases (e.g., tuberculosis and diabetes, or epilepsy) and for voluntary testing and counselling services for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV\/AIDS; \\n establishing a referral system that can cover medical, surgical and obstetric emergencies, as well as laboratory confirmation at least for diseases that could cause epidemics; \\n adopting and adapting national standard protocols for the treatment of the most common diseases;9 \\n establishing systems to monitor potential epidemiological\/nutritional problems within assembly areas, barracks, camps for dependants, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n priority go acute infectious condition typically malaria however soon possible measure also set place chronic noninfectious case e.g . tuberculosis diabetes epilepsy voluntary testing counselling service sexually transmitted infection stis including hiv\/aids n establishing referral system cover medical surgical obstetric emergency well laboratory confirmation least disease could cause epidemic n adopting adapting national standard protocol treatment common diseases9 n establishing system monitor potential epidemiological\/nutritional problem within assembly area barrack camp dependant etc ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.1. Dealing with key health concerns during demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Health concerns will vary greatly according to the geographical area where the demobili- zation occurs. Depending on location, health activities will normally include some or all of the following: \\n providing medical screening and counselling for combatants and dependants; \\n establishing basic preventive and curative health services. \\n Priority should go to acute and infectious conditions (typically malaria); however, as soon as possible, measures should also be set in place for chronic and non-infectious cases (e.g., tuberculosis and diabetes, or epilepsy) and for voluntary testing and counselling services for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV\/AIDS; \\n establishing a referral system that can cover medical, surgical and obstetric emergencies, as well as laboratory confirmation at least for diseases that could cause epidemics; \\n adopting and adapting national standard protocols for the treatment of the most common diseases;9 \\n establishing systems to monitor potential epidemiological\/nutritional problems within assembly areas, barracks, camps for dependants, etc. with the capacity for early warning and outbreak response; \\n providing drugs and equipment including a system for water quality control and bio- logical sample management; \\n organizing public health information campaigns on STIs (including HIV\/AIDS), water- borne disease, sanitation issues such as excreta disposal, food conservation and basic hygiene (especially for longer-term cantonment); \\n establishing systems for coordination, communication and logistics in support of the delivery of preventive and curative health care; \\n establishing systems for coordination with other sectors, to ensure that all vital needs and support systems are in place and functioning.Whenever people are grouped together in a temporary facility such as a cantonment site, there will be matters of specific concern to health practitioners. Issues to be aware of include: \\n Chronic communicable diseases: Proper compliance with anti-TB treatment can be difficult to organize and sustain, but it should be considered a priority; \\n HIV\/AIDS: Screening of soldiers should be voluntary and carried out after combatants are given enough information about the screening process. The usefulness of screening when the system is not able to respond adequately (by providing anti-retroviral therapy and proper follow-up) should be carefully thought out. Combatants have the right to the confidentiality of the information collected;10 \\n Violence\/injury prevention: Cantonment is a strategy for reducing violence, because it aims to contain armed combatants until their weapons can be safely removed. However, there is a strong likelihood of violence within cantonment sites, especially when abducted women or girls are separated from men. Specific care should be taken to avoid all pos- sible situations that might lead to sexual violence; \\n Mental health, psychosocial support and substance abuse:11 While cantonment provides an opportunity to check for the presence of self-directed violence such as drug and alcohol abuse, a key principle is that the best way of improving the mental well-being of ex- combatants and their associates is through economic and social reintegration, with com- munities having the central role in developing and implementing the social support systems needed to achieve this. In the demobilization stage of DDR, the health services must have the capacity to detect and treat severe, acute and chronic mental disorders. An evidence-based approach to substance abuse in DDR processes has still to be developed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1234, "Sentence":"with the capacity for early warning and outbreak response; \\n providing drugs and equipment including a system for water quality control and bio- logical sample management; \\n organizing public health information campaigns on STIs (including HIV\/AIDS), water- borne disease, sanitation issues such as excreta disposal, food conservation and basic hygiene (especially for longer-term cantonment); \\n establishing systems for coordination, communication and logistics in support of the delivery of preventive and curative health care; \\n establishing systems for coordination with other sectors, to ensure that all vital needs and support systems are in place and functioning.Whenever people are grouped together in a temporary facility such as a cantonment site, there will be matters of specific concern to health practitioners.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR capacity early warning outbreak response n providing drug equipment including system water quality control bio logical sample management n organizing public health information campaign stis including hiv\/aids water borne disease sanitation issue excreta disposal food conservation basic hygiene especially longerterm cantonment n establishing system coordination communication logistics support delivery preventive curative health care n establishing system coordination sector ensure vital need support system place functioning.whenever people grouped together temporary facility cantonment site matter specific concern health practitioner ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.1. Dealing with key health concerns during demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Health concerns will vary greatly according to the geographical area where the demobili- zation occurs. Depending on location, health activities will normally include some or all of the following: \\n providing medical screening and counselling for combatants and dependants; \\n establishing basic preventive and curative health services. \\n Priority should go to acute and infectious conditions (typically malaria); however, as soon as possible, measures should also be set in place for chronic and non-infectious cases (e.g., tuberculosis and diabetes, or epilepsy) and for voluntary testing and counselling services for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV\/AIDS; \\n establishing a referral system that can cover medical, surgical and obstetric emergencies, as well as laboratory confirmation at least for diseases that could cause epidemics; \\n adopting and adapting national standard protocols for the treatment of the most common diseases;9 \\n establishing systems to monitor potential epidemiological\/nutritional problems within assembly areas, barracks, camps for dependants, etc. with the capacity for early warning and outbreak response; \\n providing drugs and equipment including a system for water quality control and bio- logical sample management; \\n organizing public health information campaigns on STIs (including HIV\/AIDS), water- borne disease, sanitation issues such as excreta disposal, food conservation and basic hygiene (especially for longer-term cantonment); \\n establishing systems for coordination, communication and logistics in support of the delivery of preventive and curative health care; \\n establishing systems for coordination with other sectors, to ensure that all vital needs and support systems are in place and functioning.Whenever people are grouped together in a temporary facility such as a cantonment site, there will be matters of specific concern to health practitioners. Issues to be aware of include: \\n Chronic communicable diseases: Proper compliance with anti-TB treatment can be difficult to organize and sustain, but it should be considered a priority; \\n HIV\/AIDS: Screening of soldiers should be voluntary and carried out after combatants are given enough information about the screening process. The usefulness of screening when the system is not able to respond adequately (by providing anti-retroviral therapy and proper follow-up) should be carefully thought out. Combatants have the right to the confidentiality of the information collected;10 \\n Violence\/injury prevention: Cantonment is a strategy for reducing violence, because it aims to contain armed combatants until their weapons can be safely removed. However, there is a strong likelihood of violence within cantonment sites, especially when abducted women or girls are separated from men. Specific care should be taken to avoid all pos- sible situations that might lead to sexual violence; \\n Mental health, psychosocial support and substance abuse:11 While cantonment provides an opportunity to check for the presence of self-directed violence such as drug and alcohol abuse, a key principle is that the best way of improving the mental well-being of ex- combatants and their associates is through economic and social reintegration, with com- munities having the central role in developing and implementing the social support systems needed to achieve this. In the demobilization stage of DDR, the health services must have the capacity to detect and treat severe, acute and chronic mental disorders. An evidence-based approach to substance abuse in DDR processes has still to be developed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1234, "Sentence":"Issues to be aware of include: \\n Chronic communicable diseases: Proper compliance with anti-TB treatment can be difficult to organize and sustain, but it should be considered a priority; \\n HIV\/AIDS: Screening of soldiers should be voluntary and carried out after combatants are given enough information about the screening process.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR issue aware include n chronic communicable disease proper compliance antitb treatment difficult organize sustain considered priority n hiv\/aids screening soldier voluntary carried combatant given enough information screening process ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.1. Dealing with key health concerns during demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Health concerns will vary greatly according to the geographical area where the demobili- zation occurs. Depending on location, health activities will normally include some or all of the following: \\n providing medical screening and counselling for combatants and dependants; \\n establishing basic preventive and curative health services. \\n Priority should go to acute and infectious conditions (typically malaria); however, as soon as possible, measures should also be set in place for chronic and non-infectious cases (e.g., tuberculosis and diabetes, or epilepsy) and for voluntary testing and counselling services for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV\/AIDS; \\n establishing a referral system that can cover medical, surgical and obstetric emergencies, as well as laboratory confirmation at least for diseases that could cause epidemics; \\n adopting and adapting national standard protocols for the treatment of the most common diseases;9 \\n establishing systems to monitor potential epidemiological\/nutritional problems within assembly areas, barracks, camps for dependants, etc. with the capacity for early warning and outbreak response; \\n providing drugs and equipment including a system for water quality control and bio- logical sample management; \\n organizing public health information campaigns on STIs (including HIV\/AIDS), water- borne disease, sanitation issues such as excreta disposal, food conservation and basic hygiene (especially for longer-term cantonment); \\n establishing systems for coordination, communication and logistics in support of the delivery of preventive and curative health care; \\n establishing systems for coordination with other sectors, to ensure that all vital needs and support systems are in place and functioning.Whenever people are grouped together in a temporary facility such as a cantonment site, there will be matters of specific concern to health practitioners. Issues to be aware of include: \\n Chronic communicable diseases: Proper compliance with anti-TB treatment can be difficult to organize and sustain, but it should be considered a priority; \\n HIV\/AIDS: Screening of soldiers should be voluntary and carried out after combatants are given enough information about the screening process. The usefulness of screening when the system is not able to respond adequately (by providing anti-retroviral therapy and proper follow-up) should be carefully thought out. Combatants have the right to the confidentiality of the information collected;10 \\n Violence\/injury prevention: Cantonment is a strategy for reducing violence, because it aims to contain armed combatants until their weapons can be safely removed. However, there is a strong likelihood of violence within cantonment sites, especially when abducted women or girls are separated from men. Specific care should be taken to avoid all pos- sible situations that might lead to sexual violence; \\n Mental health, psychosocial support and substance abuse:11 While cantonment provides an opportunity to check for the presence of self-directed violence such as drug and alcohol abuse, a key principle is that the best way of improving the mental well-being of ex- combatants and their associates is through economic and social reintegration, with com- munities having the central role in developing and implementing the social support systems needed to achieve this. In the demobilization stage of DDR, the health services must have the capacity to detect and treat severe, acute and chronic mental disorders. An evidence-based approach to substance abuse in DDR processes has still to be developed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1234, "Sentence":"The usefulness of screening when the system is not able to respond adequately (by providing anti-retroviral therapy and proper follow-up) should be carefully thought out.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR usefulness screening system able respond adequately providing antiretroviral therapy proper followup carefully thought ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.1. Dealing with key health concerns during demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Health concerns will vary greatly according to the geographical area where the demobili- zation occurs. Depending on location, health activities will normally include some or all of the following: \\n providing medical screening and counselling for combatants and dependants; \\n establishing basic preventive and curative health services. \\n Priority should go to acute and infectious conditions (typically malaria); however, as soon as possible, measures should also be set in place for chronic and non-infectious cases (e.g., tuberculosis and diabetes, or epilepsy) and for voluntary testing and counselling services for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV\/AIDS; \\n establishing a referral system that can cover medical, surgical and obstetric emergencies, as well as laboratory confirmation at least for diseases that could cause epidemics; \\n adopting and adapting national standard protocols for the treatment of the most common diseases;9 \\n establishing systems to monitor potential epidemiological\/nutritional problems within assembly areas, barracks, camps for dependants, etc. with the capacity for early warning and outbreak response; \\n providing drugs and equipment including a system for water quality control and bio- logical sample management; \\n organizing public health information campaigns on STIs (including HIV\/AIDS), water- borne disease, sanitation issues such as excreta disposal, food conservation and basic hygiene (especially for longer-term cantonment); \\n establishing systems for coordination, communication and logistics in support of the delivery of preventive and curative health care; \\n establishing systems for coordination with other sectors, to ensure that all vital needs and support systems are in place and functioning.Whenever people are grouped together in a temporary facility such as a cantonment site, there will be matters of specific concern to health practitioners. Issues to be aware of include: \\n Chronic communicable diseases: Proper compliance with anti-TB treatment can be difficult to organize and sustain, but it should be considered a priority; \\n HIV\/AIDS: Screening of soldiers should be voluntary and carried out after combatants are given enough information about the screening process. The usefulness of screening when the system is not able to respond adequately (by providing anti-retroviral therapy and proper follow-up) should be carefully thought out. Combatants have the right to the confidentiality of the information collected;10 \\n Violence\/injury prevention: Cantonment is a strategy for reducing violence, because it aims to contain armed combatants until their weapons can be safely removed. However, there is a strong likelihood of violence within cantonment sites, especially when abducted women or girls are separated from men. Specific care should be taken to avoid all pos- sible situations that might lead to sexual violence; \\n Mental health, psychosocial support and substance abuse:11 While cantonment provides an opportunity to check for the presence of self-directed violence such as drug and alcohol abuse, a key principle is that the best way of improving the mental well-being of ex- combatants and their associates is through economic and social reintegration, with com- munities having the central role in developing and implementing the social support systems needed to achieve this. In the demobilization stage of DDR, the health services must have the capacity to detect and treat severe, acute and chronic mental disorders. An evidence-based approach to substance abuse in DDR processes has still to be developed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1234, "Sentence":"Combatants have the right to the confidentiality of the information collected;10 \\n Violence\/injury prevention: Cantonment is a strategy for reducing violence, because it aims to contain armed combatants until their weapons can be safely removed.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR combatant right confidentiality information collected10 n violence\/injury prevention cantonment strategy reducing violence aim contain armed combatant weapon safely removed ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.1. Dealing with key health concerns during demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Health concerns will vary greatly according to the geographical area where the demobili- zation occurs. Depending on location, health activities will normally include some or all of the following: \\n providing medical screening and counselling for combatants and dependants; \\n establishing basic preventive and curative health services. \\n Priority should go to acute and infectious conditions (typically malaria); however, as soon as possible, measures should also be set in place for chronic and non-infectious cases (e.g., tuberculosis and diabetes, or epilepsy) and for voluntary testing and counselling services for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV\/AIDS; \\n establishing a referral system that can cover medical, surgical and obstetric emergencies, as well as laboratory confirmation at least for diseases that could cause epidemics; \\n adopting and adapting national standard protocols for the treatment of the most common diseases;9 \\n establishing systems to monitor potential epidemiological\/nutritional problems within assembly areas, barracks, camps for dependants, etc. with the capacity for early warning and outbreak response; \\n providing drugs and equipment including a system for water quality control and bio- logical sample management; \\n organizing public health information campaigns on STIs (including HIV\/AIDS), water- borne disease, sanitation issues such as excreta disposal, food conservation and basic hygiene (especially for longer-term cantonment); \\n establishing systems for coordination, communication and logistics in support of the delivery of preventive and curative health care; \\n establishing systems for coordination with other sectors, to ensure that all vital needs and support systems are in place and functioning.Whenever people are grouped together in a temporary facility such as a cantonment site, there will be matters of specific concern to health practitioners. Issues to be aware of include: \\n Chronic communicable diseases: Proper compliance with anti-TB treatment can be difficult to organize and sustain, but it should be considered a priority; \\n HIV\/AIDS: Screening of soldiers should be voluntary and carried out after combatants are given enough information about the screening process. The usefulness of screening when the system is not able to respond adequately (by providing anti-retroviral therapy and proper follow-up) should be carefully thought out. Combatants have the right to the confidentiality of the information collected;10 \\n Violence\/injury prevention: Cantonment is a strategy for reducing violence, because it aims to contain armed combatants until their weapons can be safely removed. However, there is a strong likelihood of violence within cantonment sites, especially when abducted women or girls are separated from men. Specific care should be taken to avoid all pos- sible situations that might lead to sexual violence; \\n Mental health, psychosocial support and substance abuse:11 While cantonment provides an opportunity to check for the presence of self-directed violence such as drug and alcohol abuse, a key principle is that the best way of improving the mental well-being of ex- combatants and their associates is through economic and social reintegration, with com- munities having the central role in developing and implementing the social support systems needed to achieve this. In the demobilization stage of DDR, the health services must have the capacity to detect and treat severe, acute and chronic mental disorders. An evidence-based approach to substance abuse in DDR processes has still to be developed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1234, "Sentence":"However, there is a strong likelihood of violence within cantonment sites, especially when abducted women or girls are separated from men.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR however strong likelihood violence within cantonment site especially abducted woman girl separated men ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.1. Dealing with key health concerns during demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Health concerns will vary greatly according to the geographical area where the demobili- zation occurs. Depending on location, health activities will normally include some or all of the following: \\n providing medical screening and counselling for combatants and dependants; \\n establishing basic preventive and curative health services. \\n Priority should go to acute and infectious conditions (typically malaria); however, as soon as possible, measures should also be set in place for chronic and non-infectious cases (e.g., tuberculosis and diabetes, or epilepsy) and for voluntary testing and counselling services for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV\/AIDS; \\n establishing a referral system that can cover medical, surgical and obstetric emergencies, as well as laboratory confirmation at least for diseases that could cause epidemics; \\n adopting and adapting national standard protocols for the treatment of the most common diseases;9 \\n establishing systems to monitor potential epidemiological\/nutritional problems within assembly areas, barracks, camps for dependants, etc. with the capacity for early warning and outbreak response; \\n providing drugs and equipment including a system for water quality control and bio- logical sample management; \\n organizing public health information campaigns on STIs (including HIV\/AIDS), water- borne disease, sanitation issues such as excreta disposal, food conservation and basic hygiene (especially for longer-term cantonment); \\n establishing systems for coordination, communication and logistics in support of the delivery of preventive and curative health care; \\n establishing systems for coordination with other sectors, to ensure that all vital needs and support systems are in place and functioning.Whenever people are grouped together in a temporary facility such as a cantonment site, there will be matters of specific concern to health practitioners. Issues to be aware of include: \\n Chronic communicable diseases: Proper compliance with anti-TB treatment can be difficult to organize and sustain, but it should be considered a priority; \\n HIV\/AIDS: Screening of soldiers should be voluntary and carried out after combatants are given enough information about the screening process. The usefulness of screening when the system is not able to respond adequately (by providing anti-retroviral therapy and proper follow-up) should be carefully thought out. Combatants have the right to the confidentiality of the information collected;10 \\n Violence\/injury prevention: Cantonment is a strategy for reducing violence, because it aims to contain armed combatants until their weapons can be safely removed. However, there is a strong likelihood of violence within cantonment sites, especially when abducted women or girls are separated from men. Specific care should be taken to avoid all pos- sible situations that might lead to sexual violence; \\n Mental health, psychosocial support and substance abuse:11 While cantonment provides an opportunity to check for the presence of self-directed violence such as drug and alcohol abuse, a key principle is that the best way of improving the mental well-being of ex- combatants and their associates is through economic and social reintegration, with com- munities having the central role in developing and implementing the social support systems needed to achieve this. In the demobilization stage of DDR, the health services must have the capacity to detect and treat severe, acute and chronic mental disorders. An evidence-based approach to substance abuse in DDR processes has still to be developed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1234, "Sentence":"Specific care should be taken to avoid all pos- sible situations that might lead to sexual violence; \\n Mental health, psychosocial support and substance abuse:11 While cantonment provides an opportunity to check for the presence of self-directed violence such as drug and alcohol abuse, a key principle is that the best way of improving the mental well-being of ex- combatants and their associates is through economic and social reintegration, with com- munities having the central role in developing and implementing the social support systems needed to achieve this.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR specific care taken avoid po sible situation might lead sexual violence n mental health psychosocial support substance abuse11 cantonment provides opportunity check presence selfdirected violence drug alcohol abuse key principle best way improving mental wellbeing ex combatant associate economic social reintegration com munities central role developing implementing social support system needed achieve ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.1. Dealing with key health concerns during demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Health concerns will vary greatly according to the geographical area where the demobili- zation occurs. Depending on location, health activities will normally include some or all of the following: \\n providing medical screening and counselling for combatants and dependants; \\n establishing basic preventive and curative health services. \\n Priority should go to acute and infectious conditions (typically malaria); however, as soon as possible, measures should also be set in place for chronic and non-infectious cases (e.g., tuberculosis and diabetes, or epilepsy) and for voluntary testing and counselling services for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV\/AIDS; \\n establishing a referral system that can cover medical, surgical and obstetric emergencies, as well as laboratory confirmation at least for diseases that could cause epidemics; \\n adopting and adapting national standard protocols for the treatment of the most common diseases;9 \\n establishing systems to monitor potential epidemiological\/nutritional problems within assembly areas, barracks, camps for dependants, etc. with the capacity for early warning and outbreak response; \\n providing drugs and equipment including a system for water quality control and bio- logical sample management; \\n organizing public health information campaigns on STIs (including HIV\/AIDS), water- borne disease, sanitation issues such as excreta disposal, food conservation and basic hygiene (especially for longer-term cantonment); \\n establishing systems for coordination, communication and logistics in support of the delivery of preventive and curative health care; \\n establishing systems for coordination with other sectors, to ensure that all vital needs and support systems are in place and functioning.Whenever people are grouped together in a temporary facility such as a cantonment site, there will be matters of specific concern to health practitioners. Issues to be aware of include: \\n Chronic communicable diseases: Proper compliance with anti-TB treatment can be difficult to organize and sustain, but it should be considered a priority; \\n HIV\/AIDS: Screening of soldiers should be voluntary and carried out after combatants are given enough information about the screening process. The usefulness of screening when the system is not able to respond adequately (by providing anti-retroviral therapy and proper follow-up) should be carefully thought out. Combatants have the right to the confidentiality of the information collected;10 \\n Violence\/injury prevention: Cantonment is a strategy for reducing violence, because it aims to contain armed combatants until their weapons can be safely removed. However, there is a strong likelihood of violence within cantonment sites, especially when abducted women or girls are separated from men. Specific care should be taken to avoid all pos- sible situations that might lead to sexual violence; \\n Mental health, psychosocial support and substance abuse:11 While cantonment provides an opportunity to check for the presence of self-directed violence such as drug and alcohol abuse, a key principle is that the best way of improving the mental well-being of ex- combatants and their associates is through economic and social reintegration, with com- munities having the central role in developing and implementing the social support systems needed to achieve this. In the demobilization stage of DDR, the health services must have the capacity to detect and treat severe, acute and chronic mental disorders. An evidence-based approach to substance abuse in DDR processes has still to be developed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1234, "Sentence":"In the demobilization stage of DDR, the health services must have the capacity to detect and treat severe, acute and chronic mental disorders.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR demobilization stage ddr health service must capacity detect treat severe acute chronic mental disorder ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.1. Dealing with key health concerns during demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Health concerns will vary greatly according to the geographical area where the demobili- zation occurs. Depending on location, health activities will normally include some or all of the following: \\n providing medical screening and counselling for combatants and dependants; \\n establishing basic preventive and curative health services. \\n Priority should go to acute and infectious conditions (typically malaria); however, as soon as possible, measures should also be set in place for chronic and non-infectious cases (e.g., tuberculosis and diabetes, or epilepsy) and for voluntary testing and counselling services for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV\/AIDS; \\n establishing a referral system that can cover medical, surgical and obstetric emergencies, as well as laboratory confirmation at least for diseases that could cause epidemics; \\n adopting and adapting national standard protocols for the treatment of the most common diseases;9 \\n establishing systems to monitor potential epidemiological\/nutritional problems within assembly areas, barracks, camps for dependants, etc. with the capacity for early warning and outbreak response; \\n providing drugs and equipment including a system for water quality control and bio- logical sample management; \\n organizing public health information campaigns on STIs (including HIV\/AIDS), water- borne disease, sanitation issues such as excreta disposal, food conservation and basic hygiene (especially for longer-term cantonment); \\n establishing systems for coordination, communication and logistics in support of the delivery of preventive and curative health care; \\n establishing systems for coordination with other sectors, to ensure that all vital needs and support systems are in place and functioning.Whenever people are grouped together in a temporary facility such as a cantonment site, there will be matters of specific concern to health practitioners. Issues to be aware of include: \\n Chronic communicable diseases: Proper compliance with anti-TB treatment can be difficult to organize and sustain, but it should be considered a priority; \\n HIV\/AIDS: Screening of soldiers should be voluntary and carried out after combatants are given enough information about the screening process. The usefulness of screening when the system is not able to respond adequately (by providing anti-retroviral therapy and proper follow-up) should be carefully thought out. Combatants have the right to the confidentiality of the information collected;10 \\n Violence\/injury prevention: Cantonment is a strategy for reducing violence, because it aims to contain armed combatants until their weapons can be safely removed. However, there is a strong likelihood of violence within cantonment sites, especially when abducted women or girls are separated from men. Specific care should be taken to avoid all pos- sible situations that might lead to sexual violence; \\n Mental health, psychosocial support and substance abuse:11 While cantonment provides an opportunity to check for the presence of self-directed violence such as drug and alcohol abuse, a key principle is that the best way of improving the mental well-being of ex- combatants and their associates is through economic and social reintegration, with com- munities having the central role in developing and implementing the social support systems needed to achieve this. In the demobilization stage of DDR, the health services must have the capacity to detect and treat severe, acute and chronic mental disorders. An evidence-based approach to substance abuse in DDR processes has still to be developed.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1234, "Sentence":"An evidence-based approach to substance abuse in DDR processes has still to be developed.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR evidencebased approach substance abuse ddr process still developed ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.2. An essential DDR health package in resource-poor settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"In sites where resources are limited, health planning to meet the needs of those going through the DDR process starts from a minimum package of medical screening, on-the-spot treat- ment, provision of condoms and medical evacuation\/referral, which should be developed to cover, at least: \\n early detection of and response to epidemic outbreaks; \\n measles immunization + vitamin A for children aged 0\u201315 years; \\n polio immunization for children under 5; \\n treatment of severe, acute conditions (malaria, acute respiratory infections), diarrhoea, anaemia in pregnant women, acute malnutrition, dressing of wounds, STIs, etc.); \\n uncomplicated deliveries; \\n provision of long-lasting impregnated bed nets to prevent malaria; \\n referral of serious cases to secondary\/tertiary care facilities; \\n voluntary testing and counselling for STIs, including HIV\/AIDS; \\n care and treatment for survivors of sexual violence, including testing and treatment for STIs.The delivery of such services requires the following personnel and equipment in each cantonment site or assembly area: \\n an average team of one doctor or mid-level health technician, 4\u20135 public health care nurses and 3\u20134 ancillary workers per camp; one midwife where necessary; \\n essential medicines and equipment (for sterilization, stabilization, cold-chain, etc.); \\n rapid tests and combined treatment for P. Falciparum malaria; \\n means of transport, easy procedures and pre-positioned facilities for medical\/obstetric evacuation; \\n options \u2014 either locally or by referral \u2014 for the treatment of chronic conditions: at least TB and epilepsy should be covered; \\n back-up systems \u2014 teams on call, easy-access procedures, transport and buffer stocks (including protective equipment) \u2014 for early detection and treatment of outbreaks; \\n availability and adoption of national standard case definitions and case management protocols.12WHO provides hospitals with emergency health kits and UNFPA can provide emergency reproductive health kits (which may include post-exposure prophylaxis kits, when appropriate) to individuals, clinics and hospitals, along with training on their use as and when this is appropriate (also see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).13", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1235, "Sentence":"In sites where resources are limited, health planning to meet the needs of those going through the DDR process starts from a minimum package of medical screening, on-the-spot treat- ment, provision of condoms and medical evacuation\/referral, which should be developed to cover, at least: \\n early detection of and response to epidemic outbreaks; \\n measles immunization + vitamin A for children aged 0\u201315 years; \\n polio immunization for children under 5; \\n treatment of severe, acute conditions (malaria, acute respiratory infections), diarrhoea, anaemia in pregnant women, acute malnutrition, dressing of wounds, STIs, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR site resource limited health planning meet need going ddr process start minimum package medical screening onthespot treat ment provision condom medical evacuation\/referral developed cover least n early detection response epidemic outbreak n measles immunization vitamin child aged 0\u201315 year n polio immunization child 5 n treatment severe acute condition malaria acute respiratory infection diarrhoea anaemia pregnant woman acute malnutrition dressing wound stis etc ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.2. An essential DDR health package in resource-poor settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"In sites where resources are limited, health planning to meet the needs of those going through the DDR process starts from a minimum package of medical screening, on-the-spot treat- ment, provision of condoms and medical evacuation\/referral, which should be developed to cover, at least: \\n early detection of and response to epidemic outbreaks; \\n measles immunization + vitamin A for children aged 0\u201315 years; \\n polio immunization for children under 5; \\n treatment of severe, acute conditions (malaria, acute respiratory infections), diarrhoea, anaemia in pregnant women, acute malnutrition, dressing of wounds, STIs, etc.); \\n uncomplicated deliveries; \\n provision of long-lasting impregnated bed nets to prevent malaria; \\n referral of serious cases to secondary\/tertiary care facilities; \\n voluntary testing and counselling for STIs, including HIV\/AIDS; \\n care and treatment for survivors of sexual violence, including testing and treatment for STIs.The delivery of such services requires the following personnel and equipment in each cantonment site or assembly area: \\n an average team of one doctor or mid-level health technician, 4\u20135 public health care nurses and 3\u20134 ancillary workers per camp; one midwife where necessary; \\n essential medicines and equipment (for sterilization, stabilization, cold-chain, etc.); \\n rapid tests and combined treatment for P. Falciparum malaria; \\n means of transport, easy procedures and pre-positioned facilities for medical\/obstetric evacuation; \\n options \u2014 either locally or by referral \u2014 for the treatment of chronic conditions: at least TB and epilepsy should be covered; \\n back-up systems \u2014 teams on call, easy-access procedures, transport and buffer stocks (including protective equipment) \u2014 for early detection and treatment of outbreaks; \\n availability and adoption of national standard case definitions and case management protocols.12WHO provides hospitals with emergency health kits and UNFPA can provide emergency reproductive health kits (which may include post-exposure prophylaxis kits, when appropriate) to individuals, clinics and hospitals, along with training on their use as and when this is appropriate (also see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).13", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1235, "Sentence":"); \\n uncomplicated deliveries; \\n provision of long-lasting impregnated bed nets to prevent malaria; \\n referral of serious cases to secondary\/tertiary care facilities; \\n voluntary testing and counselling for STIs, including HIV\/AIDS; \\n care and treatment for survivors of sexual violence, including testing and treatment for STIs.The delivery of such services requires the following personnel and equipment in each cantonment site or assembly area: \\n an average team of one doctor or mid-level health technician, 4\u20135 public health care nurses and 3\u20134 ancillary workers per camp; one midwife where necessary; \\n essential medicines and equipment (for sterilization, stabilization, cold-chain, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n uncomplicated delivery n provision longlasting impregnated bed net prevent malaria n referral serious case secondary\/tertiary care facility n voluntary testing counselling stis including hiv\/aids n care treatment survivor sexual violence including testing treatment stis.the delivery service requires following personnel equipment cantonment site assembly area n average team one doctor midlevel health technician 4\u20135 public health care nurse 3\u20134 ancillary worker per camp one midwife necessary n essential medicine equipment sterilization stabilization coldchain etc ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.2. An essential DDR health package in resource-poor settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"In sites where resources are limited, health planning to meet the needs of those going through the DDR process starts from a minimum package of medical screening, on-the-spot treat- ment, provision of condoms and medical evacuation\/referral, which should be developed to cover, at least: \\n early detection of and response to epidemic outbreaks; \\n measles immunization + vitamin A for children aged 0\u201315 years; \\n polio immunization for children under 5; \\n treatment of severe, acute conditions (malaria, acute respiratory infections), diarrhoea, anaemia in pregnant women, acute malnutrition, dressing of wounds, STIs, etc.); \\n uncomplicated deliveries; \\n provision of long-lasting impregnated bed nets to prevent malaria; \\n referral of serious cases to secondary\/tertiary care facilities; \\n voluntary testing and counselling for STIs, including HIV\/AIDS; \\n care and treatment for survivors of sexual violence, including testing and treatment for STIs.The delivery of such services requires the following personnel and equipment in each cantonment site or assembly area: \\n an average team of one doctor or mid-level health technician, 4\u20135 public health care nurses and 3\u20134 ancillary workers per camp; one midwife where necessary; \\n essential medicines and equipment (for sterilization, stabilization, cold-chain, etc.); \\n rapid tests and combined treatment for P. Falciparum malaria; \\n means of transport, easy procedures and pre-positioned facilities for medical\/obstetric evacuation; \\n options \u2014 either locally or by referral \u2014 for the treatment of chronic conditions: at least TB and epilepsy should be covered; \\n back-up systems \u2014 teams on call, easy-access procedures, transport and buffer stocks (including protective equipment) \u2014 for early detection and treatment of outbreaks; \\n availability and adoption of national standard case definitions and case management protocols.12WHO provides hospitals with emergency health kits and UNFPA can provide emergency reproductive health kits (which may include post-exposure prophylaxis kits, when appropriate) to individuals, clinics and hospitals, along with training on their use as and when this is appropriate (also see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).13", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1235, "Sentence":"); \\n rapid tests and combined treatment for P. Falciparum malaria; \\n means of transport, easy procedures and pre-positioned facilities for medical\/obstetric evacuation; \\n options \u2014 either locally or by referral \u2014 for the treatment of chronic conditions: at least TB and epilepsy should be covered; \\n back-up systems \u2014 teams on call, easy-access procedures, transport and buffer stocks (including protective equipment) \u2014 for early detection and treatment of outbreaks; \\n availability and adoption of national standard case definitions and case management protocols.12WHO provides hospitals with emergency health kits and UNFPA can provide emergency reproductive health kits (which may include post-exposure prophylaxis kits, when appropriate) to individuals, clinics and hospitals, along with training on their use as and when this is appropriate (also see IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).13", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n rapid test combined treatment p. falciparum malaria n mean transport easy procedure prepositioned facility medical\/obstetric evacuation n option \u2014 either locally referral \u2014 treatment chronic condition least tb epilepsy covered n backup system \u2014 team call easyaccess procedure transport buffer stock including protective equipment \u2014 early detection treatment outbreak n availability adoption national standard case definition case management protocols.12who provides hospital emergency health kit unfpa provide emergency reproductive health kit may include postexposure prophylaxis kit appropriate individual clinic hospital along training use appropriate also see iddrs 5.60 hiv\/aids ddr.13" }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.3. Training of personnel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Training of local health personnel is vital in order to implement the complex health response needed during DDR processes. In many cases, the warring parties will have their own mili- tary medical staff who have had different training, roles, experiences and expectations. However, these personnel can all play a vital role in the DDR process. Their skills and knowl- edge will need to be updated and refreshed, since the health priorities likely to emerge in assembly areas or cantonment sites \u2014 or neighbouring villages \u2014 are different from those of the battlefield.An analysis of the skills of the different armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 health workers is needed during the planning of the health programme, both to identify the areas in need of in-service training and to compare the medical knowledge and practices of different armed groups and forces. This analysis will not only be important for standardizing care during the demobilization phase, but will give a basic understanding of the capacities of military health workers, which will assist in their reintegration into civilian life, for example, as employees of the ministry of health.The following questions can guide this assessment process: \\n What kinds of capacity are needed for each health service delivery point (tent-to-tent active case finding and\/or specific health promotion messages, health posts within camps, referral health centre\/hospital)? \\n Which mix of health workers and how many are needed at each of these delivery points? (The WHO recommended standard is 60 health workers for each 10,000 members of the target population.) \\n Are there national standard case definitions and case management protocols available, and is there any need to adapt these to the specific circumstances of DDR? \\n Is there a need to define or agree to specific public health intervention(s) at national level to respond to or prevent any public health threats (e.g., sleeping sickness mass screening to prevent the spread of the diseases during the quartering process)?It is important to assume that no sophisticated tools will be available in assembly or transit areas. Therefore, training should be based on syndrome-based case definitions, indi- vidual treatment protocols and the implementation of mass treatment interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1236, "Sentence":"Training of local health personnel is vital in order to implement the complex health response needed during DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR training local health personnel vital order implement complex health response needed ddr process ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.3. Training of personnel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Training of local health personnel is vital in order to implement the complex health response needed during DDR processes. In many cases, the warring parties will have their own mili- tary medical staff who have had different training, roles, experiences and expectations. However, these personnel can all play a vital role in the DDR process. Their skills and knowl- edge will need to be updated and refreshed, since the health priorities likely to emerge in assembly areas or cantonment sites \u2014 or neighbouring villages \u2014 are different from those of the battlefield.An analysis of the skills of the different armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 health workers is needed during the planning of the health programme, both to identify the areas in need of in-service training and to compare the medical knowledge and practices of different armed groups and forces. This analysis will not only be important for standardizing care during the demobilization phase, but will give a basic understanding of the capacities of military health workers, which will assist in their reintegration into civilian life, for example, as employees of the ministry of health.The following questions can guide this assessment process: \\n What kinds of capacity are needed for each health service delivery point (tent-to-tent active case finding and\/or specific health promotion messages, health posts within camps, referral health centre\/hospital)? \\n Which mix of health workers and how many are needed at each of these delivery points? (The WHO recommended standard is 60 health workers for each 10,000 members of the target population.) \\n Are there national standard case definitions and case management protocols available, and is there any need to adapt these to the specific circumstances of DDR? \\n Is there a need to define or agree to specific public health intervention(s) at national level to respond to or prevent any public health threats (e.g., sleeping sickness mass screening to prevent the spread of the diseases during the quartering process)?It is important to assume that no sophisticated tools will be available in assembly or transit areas. Therefore, training should be based on syndrome-based case definitions, indi- vidual treatment protocols and the implementation of mass treatment interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1236, "Sentence":"In many cases, the warring parties will have their own mili- tary medical staff who have had different training, roles, experiences and expectations.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR many case warring party mili tary medical staff different training role experience expectation ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.3. Training of personnel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Training of local health personnel is vital in order to implement the complex health response needed during DDR processes. In many cases, the warring parties will have their own mili- tary medical staff who have had different training, roles, experiences and expectations. However, these personnel can all play a vital role in the DDR process. Their skills and knowl- edge will need to be updated and refreshed, since the health priorities likely to emerge in assembly areas or cantonment sites \u2014 or neighbouring villages \u2014 are different from those of the battlefield.An analysis of the skills of the different armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 health workers is needed during the planning of the health programme, both to identify the areas in need of in-service training and to compare the medical knowledge and practices of different armed groups and forces. This analysis will not only be important for standardizing care during the demobilization phase, but will give a basic understanding of the capacities of military health workers, which will assist in their reintegration into civilian life, for example, as employees of the ministry of health.The following questions can guide this assessment process: \\n What kinds of capacity are needed for each health service delivery point (tent-to-tent active case finding and\/or specific health promotion messages, health posts within camps, referral health centre\/hospital)? \\n Which mix of health workers and how many are needed at each of these delivery points? (The WHO recommended standard is 60 health workers for each 10,000 members of the target population.) \\n Are there national standard case definitions and case management protocols available, and is there any need to adapt these to the specific circumstances of DDR? \\n Is there a need to define or agree to specific public health intervention(s) at national level to respond to or prevent any public health threats (e.g., sleeping sickness mass screening to prevent the spread of the diseases during the quartering process)?It is important to assume that no sophisticated tools will be available in assembly or transit areas. Therefore, training should be based on syndrome-based case definitions, indi- vidual treatment protocols and the implementation of mass treatment interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1236, "Sentence":"However, these personnel can all play a vital role in the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR however personnel play vital role ddr process ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.3. Training of personnel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Training of local health personnel is vital in order to implement the complex health response needed during DDR processes. In many cases, the warring parties will have their own mili- tary medical staff who have had different training, roles, experiences and expectations. However, these personnel can all play a vital role in the DDR process. Their skills and knowl- edge will need to be updated and refreshed, since the health priorities likely to emerge in assembly areas or cantonment sites \u2014 or neighbouring villages \u2014 are different from those of the battlefield.An analysis of the skills of the different armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 health workers is needed during the planning of the health programme, both to identify the areas in need of in-service training and to compare the medical knowledge and practices of different armed groups and forces. This analysis will not only be important for standardizing care during the demobilization phase, but will give a basic understanding of the capacities of military health workers, which will assist in their reintegration into civilian life, for example, as employees of the ministry of health.The following questions can guide this assessment process: \\n What kinds of capacity are needed for each health service delivery point (tent-to-tent active case finding and\/or specific health promotion messages, health posts within camps, referral health centre\/hospital)? \\n Which mix of health workers and how many are needed at each of these delivery points? (The WHO recommended standard is 60 health workers for each 10,000 members of the target population.) \\n Are there national standard case definitions and case management protocols available, and is there any need to adapt these to the specific circumstances of DDR? \\n Is there a need to define or agree to specific public health intervention(s) at national level to respond to or prevent any public health threats (e.g., sleeping sickness mass screening to prevent the spread of the diseases during the quartering process)?It is important to assume that no sophisticated tools will be available in assembly or transit areas. Therefore, training should be based on syndrome-based case definitions, indi- vidual treatment protocols and the implementation of mass treatment interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1236, "Sentence":"Their skills and knowl- edge will need to be updated and refreshed, since the health priorities likely to emerge in assembly areas or cantonment sites \u2014 or neighbouring villages \u2014 are different from those of the battlefield.An analysis of the skills of the different armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 health workers is needed during the planning of the health programme, both to identify the areas in need of in-service training and to compare the medical knowledge and practices of different armed groups and forces.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR skill knowl edge need updated refreshed since health priority likely emerge assembly area cantonment site \u2014 neighbouring village \u2014 different battlefield.an analysis skill different armed force \u2019 group \u2019 health worker needed planning health programme identify area need inservice training compare medical knowledge practice different armed group force ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.3. Training of personnel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Training of local health personnel is vital in order to implement the complex health response needed during DDR processes. In many cases, the warring parties will have their own mili- tary medical staff who have had different training, roles, experiences and expectations. However, these personnel can all play a vital role in the DDR process. Their skills and knowl- edge will need to be updated and refreshed, since the health priorities likely to emerge in assembly areas or cantonment sites \u2014 or neighbouring villages \u2014 are different from those of the battlefield.An analysis of the skills of the different armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 health workers is needed during the planning of the health programme, both to identify the areas in need of in-service training and to compare the medical knowledge and practices of different armed groups and forces. This analysis will not only be important for standardizing care during the demobilization phase, but will give a basic understanding of the capacities of military health workers, which will assist in their reintegration into civilian life, for example, as employees of the ministry of health.The following questions can guide this assessment process: \\n What kinds of capacity are needed for each health service delivery point (tent-to-tent active case finding and\/or specific health promotion messages, health posts within camps, referral health centre\/hospital)? \\n Which mix of health workers and how many are needed at each of these delivery points? (The WHO recommended standard is 60 health workers for each 10,000 members of the target population.) \\n Are there national standard case definitions and case management protocols available, and is there any need to adapt these to the specific circumstances of DDR? \\n Is there a need to define or agree to specific public health intervention(s) at national level to respond to or prevent any public health threats (e.g., sleeping sickness mass screening to prevent the spread of the diseases during the quartering process)?It is important to assume that no sophisticated tools will be available in assembly or transit areas. Therefore, training should be based on syndrome-based case definitions, indi- vidual treatment protocols and the implementation of mass treatment interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1236, "Sentence":"This analysis will not only be important for standardizing care during the demobilization phase, but will give a basic understanding of the capacities of military health workers, which will assist in their reintegration into civilian life, for example, as employees of the ministry of health.The following questions can guide this assessment process: \\n What kinds of capacity are needed for each health service delivery point (tent-to-tent active case finding and\/or specific health promotion messages, health posts within camps, referral health centre\/hospital)?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR analysis important standardizing care demobilization phase give basic understanding capacity military health worker assist reintegration civilian life example employee ministry health.the following question guide assessment process n kind capacity needed health service delivery point tenttotent active case finding and\/or specific health promotion message health post within camp referral health centre\/hospital" }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.3. Training of personnel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Training of local health personnel is vital in order to implement the complex health response needed during DDR processes. In many cases, the warring parties will have their own mili- tary medical staff who have had different training, roles, experiences and expectations. However, these personnel can all play a vital role in the DDR process. Their skills and knowl- edge will need to be updated and refreshed, since the health priorities likely to emerge in assembly areas or cantonment sites \u2014 or neighbouring villages \u2014 are different from those of the battlefield.An analysis of the skills of the different armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 health workers is needed during the planning of the health programme, both to identify the areas in need of in-service training and to compare the medical knowledge and practices of different armed groups and forces. This analysis will not only be important for standardizing care during the demobilization phase, but will give a basic understanding of the capacities of military health workers, which will assist in their reintegration into civilian life, for example, as employees of the ministry of health.The following questions can guide this assessment process: \\n What kinds of capacity are needed for each health service delivery point (tent-to-tent active case finding and\/or specific health promotion messages, health posts within camps, referral health centre\/hospital)? \\n Which mix of health workers and how many are needed at each of these delivery points? (The WHO recommended standard is 60 health workers for each 10,000 members of the target population.) \\n Are there national standard case definitions and case management protocols available, and is there any need to adapt these to the specific circumstances of DDR? \\n Is there a need to define or agree to specific public health intervention(s) at national level to respond to or prevent any public health threats (e.g., sleeping sickness mass screening to prevent the spread of the diseases during the quartering process)?It is important to assume that no sophisticated tools will be available in assembly or transit areas. Therefore, training should be based on syndrome-based case definitions, indi- vidual treatment protocols and the implementation of mass treatment interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1236, "Sentence":"\\n Which mix of health workers and how many are needed at each of these delivery points?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n mix health worker many needed delivery point" }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.3. Training of personnel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Training of local health personnel is vital in order to implement the complex health response needed during DDR processes. In many cases, the warring parties will have their own mili- tary medical staff who have had different training, roles, experiences and expectations. However, these personnel can all play a vital role in the DDR process. Their skills and knowl- edge will need to be updated and refreshed, since the health priorities likely to emerge in assembly areas or cantonment sites \u2014 or neighbouring villages \u2014 are different from those of the battlefield.An analysis of the skills of the different armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 health workers is needed during the planning of the health programme, both to identify the areas in need of in-service training and to compare the medical knowledge and practices of different armed groups and forces. This analysis will not only be important for standardizing care during the demobilization phase, but will give a basic understanding of the capacities of military health workers, which will assist in their reintegration into civilian life, for example, as employees of the ministry of health.The following questions can guide this assessment process: \\n What kinds of capacity are needed for each health service delivery point (tent-to-tent active case finding and\/or specific health promotion messages, health posts within camps, referral health centre\/hospital)? \\n Which mix of health workers and how many are needed at each of these delivery points? (The WHO recommended standard is 60 health workers for each 10,000 members of the target population.) \\n Are there national standard case definitions and case management protocols available, and is there any need to adapt these to the specific circumstances of DDR? \\n Is there a need to define or agree to specific public health intervention(s) at national level to respond to or prevent any public health threats (e.g., sleeping sickness mass screening to prevent the spread of the diseases during the quartering process)?It is important to assume that no sophisticated tools will be available in assembly or transit areas. Therefore, training should be based on syndrome-based case definitions, indi- vidual treatment protocols and the implementation of mass treatment interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1236, "Sentence":"(The WHO recommended standard is 60 health workers for each 10,000 members of the target population.)", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR recommended standard 60 health worker 10000 member target population ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.3. Training of personnel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Training of local health personnel is vital in order to implement the complex health response needed during DDR processes. In many cases, the warring parties will have their own mili- tary medical staff who have had different training, roles, experiences and expectations. However, these personnel can all play a vital role in the DDR process. Their skills and knowl- edge will need to be updated and refreshed, since the health priorities likely to emerge in assembly areas or cantonment sites \u2014 or neighbouring villages \u2014 are different from those of the battlefield.An analysis of the skills of the different armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 health workers is needed during the planning of the health programme, both to identify the areas in need of in-service training and to compare the medical knowledge and practices of different armed groups and forces. This analysis will not only be important for standardizing care during the demobilization phase, but will give a basic understanding of the capacities of military health workers, which will assist in their reintegration into civilian life, for example, as employees of the ministry of health.The following questions can guide this assessment process: \\n What kinds of capacity are needed for each health service delivery point (tent-to-tent active case finding and\/or specific health promotion messages, health posts within camps, referral health centre\/hospital)? \\n Which mix of health workers and how many are needed at each of these delivery points? (The WHO recommended standard is 60 health workers for each 10,000 members of the target population.) \\n Are there national standard case definitions and case management protocols available, and is there any need to adapt these to the specific circumstances of DDR? \\n Is there a need to define or agree to specific public health intervention(s) at national level to respond to or prevent any public health threats (e.g., sleeping sickness mass screening to prevent the spread of the diseases during the quartering process)?It is important to assume that no sophisticated tools will be available in assembly or transit areas. Therefore, training should be based on syndrome-based case definitions, indi- vidual treatment protocols and the implementation of mass treatment interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1236, "Sentence":"\\n Are there national standard case definitions and case management protocols available, and is there any need to adapt these to the specific circumstances of DDR?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n national standard case definition case management protocol available need adapt specific circumstance ddr" }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.3. Training of personnel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Training of local health personnel is vital in order to implement the complex health response needed during DDR processes. In many cases, the warring parties will have their own mili- tary medical staff who have had different training, roles, experiences and expectations. However, these personnel can all play a vital role in the DDR process. Their skills and knowl- edge will need to be updated and refreshed, since the health priorities likely to emerge in assembly areas or cantonment sites \u2014 or neighbouring villages \u2014 are different from those of the battlefield.An analysis of the skills of the different armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 health workers is needed during the planning of the health programme, both to identify the areas in need of in-service training and to compare the medical knowledge and practices of different armed groups and forces. This analysis will not only be important for standardizing care during the demobilization phase, but will give a basic understanding of the capacities of military health workers, which will assist in their reintegration into civilian life, for example, as employees of the ministry of health.The following questions can guide this assessment process: \\n What kinds of capacity are needed for each health service delivery point (tent-to-tent active case finding and\/or specific health promotion messages, health posts within camps, referral health centre\/hospital)? \\n Which mix of health workers and how many are needed at each of these delivery points? (The WHO recommended standard is 60 health workers for each 10,000 members of the target population.) \\n Are there national standard case definitions and case management protocols available, and is there any need to adapt these to the specific circumstances of DDR? \\n Is there a need to define or agree to specific public health intervention(s) at national level to respond to or prevent any public health threats (e.g., sleeping sickness mass screening to prevent the spread of the diseases during the quartering process)?It is important to assume that no sophisticated tools will be available in assembly or transit areas. Therefore, training should be based on syndrome-based case definitions, indi- vidual treatment protocols and the implementation of mass treatment interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1236, "Sentence":"\\n Is there a need to define or agree to specific public health intervention(s) at national level to respond to or prevent any public health threats (e.g., sleeping sickness mass screening to prevent the spread of the diseases during the quartering process)?It is important to assume that no sophisticated tools will be available in assembly or transit areas.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n need define agree specific public health intervention national level respond prevent public health threat e.g . sleeping sickness mass screening prevent spread disease quartering processit important assume sophisticated tool available assembly transit area ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.3. Training of personnel", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Training of local health personnel is vital in order to implement the complex health response needed during DDR processes. In many cases, the warring parties will have their own mili- tary medical staff who have had different training, roles, experiences and expectations. However, these personnel can all play a vital role in the DDR process. Their skills and knowl- edge will need to be updated and refreshed, since the health priorities likely to emerge in assembly areas or cantonment sites \u2014 or neighbouring villages \u2014 are different from those of the battlefield.An analysis of the skills of the different armed forces\u2019 and groups\u2019 health workers is needed during the planning of the health programme, both to identify the areas in need of in-service training and to compare the medical knowledge and practices of different armed groups and forces. This analysis will not only be important for standardizing care during the demobilization phase, but will give a basic understanding of the capacities of military health workers, which will assist in their reintegration into civilian life, for example, as employees of the ministry of health.The following questions can guide this assessment process: \\n What kinds of capacity are needed for each health service delivery point (tent-to-tent active case finding and\/or specific health promotion messages, health posts within camps, referral health centre\/hospital)? \\n Which mix of health workers and how many are needed at each of these delivery points? (The WHO recommended standard is 60 health workers for each 10,000 members of the target population.) \\n Are there national standard case definitions and case management protocols available, and is there any need to adapt these to the specific circumstances of DDR? \\n Is there a need to define or agree to specific public health intervention(s) at national level to respond to or prevent any public health threats (e.g., sleeping sickness mass screening to prevent the spread of the diseases during the quartering process)?It is important to assume that no sophisticated tools will be available in assembly or transit areas. Therefore, training should be based on syndrome-based case definitions, indi- vidual treatment protocols and the implementation of mass treatment interventions.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1236, "Sentence":"Therefore, training should be based on syndrome-based case definitions, indi- vidual treatment protocols and the implementation of mass treatment interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR therefore training based syndromebased case definition indi vidual treatment protocol implementation mass treatment intervention ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.4. Responding to the needs of vulnerable groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Special arrangements will be necessary for vulnerable groups. WHO recommends planning for children, the elderly, chronically sick and disabled people, as well as for women and girls who are pregnant or lactating, and anyone who has survived sexual violence. Guiding questions to assess the specific needs of each of these groups are as follows: \\n What are the specific health needs of these groups? \\n Do they need special interventions? \\n Are health personnel aware of their specific needs? \\n Are health personnel trained to assist individuals who have survived extreme inter- personal violence and have symptoms that they may be unable or unwilling to describe (e.g., survivors of rape describing \u2018stomach pains\u2019)?", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1237, "Sentence":"Special arrangements will be necessary for vulnerable groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR special arrangement necessary vulnerable group ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.4. Responding to the needs of vulnerable groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Special arrangements will be necessary for vulnerable groups. WHO recommends planning for children, the elderly, chronically sick and disabled people, as well as for women and girls who are pregnant or lactating, and anyone who has survived sexual violence. Guiding questions to assess the specific needs of each of these groups are as follows: \\n What are the specific health needs of these groups? \\n Do they need special interventions? \\n Are health personnel aware of their specific needs? \\n Are health personnel trained to assist individuals who have survived extreme inter- personal violence and have symptoms that they may be unable or unwilling to describe (e.g., survivors of rape describing \u2018stomach pains\u2019)?", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1237, "Sentence":"WHO recommends planning for children, the elderly, chronically sick and disabled people, as well as for women and girls who are pregnant or lactating, and anyone who has survived sexual violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR recommends planning child elderly chronically sick disabled people well woman girl pregnant lactating anyone survived sexual violence ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.4. Responding to the needs of vulnerable groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Special arrangements will be necessary for vulnerable groups. WHO recommends planning for children, the elderly, chronically sick and disabled people, as well as for women and girls who are pregnant or lactating, and anyone who has survived sexual violence. Guiding questions to assess the specific needs of each of these groups are as follows: \\n What are the specific health needs of these groups? \\n Do they need special interventions? \\n Are health personnel aware of their specific needs? \\n Are health personnel trained to assist individuals who have survived extreme inter- personal violence and have symptoms that they may be unable or unwilling to describe (e.g., survivors of rape describing \u2018stomach pains\u2019)?", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1237, "Sentence":"Guiding questions to assess the specific needs of each of these groups are as follows: \\n What are the specific health needs of these groups?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR guiding question ass specific need group follows n specific health need group" }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.4. Responding to the needs of vulnerable groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Special arrangements will be necessary for vulnerable groups. WHO recommends planning for children, the elderly, chronically sick and disabled people, as well as for women and girls who are pregnant or lactating, and anyone who has survived sexual violence. Guiding questions to assess the specific needs of each of these groups are as follows: \\n What are the specific health needs of these groups? \\n Do they need special interventions? \\n Are health personnel aware of their specific needs? \\n Are health personnel trained to assist individuals who have survived extreme inter- personal violence and have symptoms that they may be unable or unwilling to describe (e.g., survivors of rape describing \u2018stomach pains\u2019)?", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1237, "Sentence":"\\n Do they need special interventions?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n need special intervention" }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.4. Responding to the needs of vulnerable groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Special arrangements will be necessary for vulnerable groups. WHO recommends planning for children, the elderly, chronically sick and disabled people, as well as for women and girls who are pregnant or lactating, and anyone who has survived sexual violence. Guiding questions to assess the specific needs of each of these groups are as follows: \\n What are the specific health needs of these groups? \\n Do they need special interventions? \\n Are health personnel aware of their specific needs? \\n Are health personnel trained to assist individuals who have survived extreme inter- personal violence and have symptoms that they may be unable or unwilling to describe (e.g., survivors of rape describing \u2018stomach pains\u2019)?", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1237, "Sentence":"\\n Are health personnel aware of their specific needs?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n health personnel aware specific need" }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.4. Responding to the needs of vulnerable groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Special arrangements will be necessary for vulnerable groups. WHO recommends planning for children, the elderly, chronically sick and disabled people, as well as for women and girls who are pregnant or lactating, and anyone who has survived sexual violence. Guiding questions to assess the specific needs of each of these groups are as follows: \\n What are the specific health needs of these groups? \\n Do they need special interventions? \\n Are health personnel aware of their specific needs? \\n Are health personnel trained to assist individuals who have survived extreme inter- personal violence and have symptoms that they may be unable or unwilling to describe (e.g., survivors of rape describing \u2018stomach pains\u2019)?", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1237, "Sentence":"\\n Are health personnel trained to assist individuals who have survived extreme inter- personal violence and have symptoms that they may be unable or unwilling to describe (e.g., survivors of rape describing \u2018stomach pains\u2019)?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n health personnel trained assist individual survived extreme inter personal violence symptom may unable unwilling describe e.g . survivor rape describing \u2018 stomach pain \u2019" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.4. Responding to the needs of vulnerable groups", "Heading3":"8.4.1. Children and adolescents associated with armed groups and forces", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Boy and girl child and adolescent soldiers can range in age from 6 to 18. It is very likely that they have been exposed to a variety of physical and psychological traumas, including mental and sexual abuse, and that they have had very limited access to clinical and public health services. Child and adolescent soldiers, who are often brutally recruited from very poor communities, or orphaned, are already in a poor state of health before they face the additional hardship of life with an armed group or force. Their vulnerability remains high during the DDR process, and health services should therefore deal with their specific needs as a priority. Special attention should be given to problems that may cause the child fear, embarrassment or stigmatization, e.g.: \\n child and adolescent care and support services should offer a special focus on trauma- related stress disorders, depression and anxiety; \\n treatment should be provided for drug and alcohol addiction; \\n there should be services for the prevention, early detection and clinical management of STIs and HIV\/AIDS; \\n special assistance should be offered to girls and boys for the treatment and clinical management of the consequences of sexual abuse, and every effort should be made to prevent sexual abuse taking place, with due respect for confidentiality.14To decrease the risk of stigma, these services should be provided as a part of general medical care. Ideally, all health care providers should have training in basic counselling, with some having the capacity to deal with the most serious cases (also see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1238, "Sentence":"Boy and girl child and adolescent soldiers can range in age from 6 to 18.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR boy girl child adolescent soldier range age 6 18 ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.4. Responding to the needs of vulnerable groups", "Heading3":"8.4.1. Children and adolescents associated with armed groups and forces", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Boy and girl child and adolescent soldiers can range in age from 6 to 18. It is very likely that they have been exposed to a variety of physical and psychological traumas, including mental and sexual abuse, and that they have had very limited access to clinical and public health services. Child and adolescent soldiers, who are often brutally recruited from very poor communities, or orphaned, are already in a poor state of health before they face the additional hardship of life with an armed group or force. Their vulnerability remains high during the DDR process, and health services should therefore deal with their specific needs as a priority. Special attention should be given to problems that may cause the child fear, embarrassment or stigmatization, e.g.: \\n child and adolescent care and support services should offer a special focus on trauma- related stress disorders, depression and anxiety; \\n treatment should be provided for drug and alcohol addiction; \\n there should be services for the prevention, early detection and clinical management of STIs and HIV\/AIDS; \\n special assistance should be offered to girls and boys for the treatment and clinical management of the consequences of sexual abuse, and every effort should be made to prevent sexual abuse taking place, with due respect for confidentiality.14To decrease the risk of stigma, these services should be provided as a part of general medical care. Ideally, all health care providers should have training in basic counselling, with some having the capacity to deal with the most serious cases (also see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1238, "Sentence":"It is very likely that they have been exposed to a variety of physical and psychological traumas, including mental and sexual abuse, and that they have had very limited access to clinical and public health services.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR likely exposed variety physical psychological trauma including mental sexual abuse limited access clinical public health service ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.4. Responding to the needs of vulnerable groups", "Heading3":"8.4.1. Children and adolescents associated with armed groups and forces", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Boy and girl child and adolescent soldiers can range in age from 6 to 18. It is very likely that they have been exposed to a variety of physical and psychological traumas, including mental and sexual abuse, and that they have had very limited access to clinical and public health services. Child and adolescent soldiers, who are often brutally recruited from very poor communities, or orphaned, are already in a poor state of health before they face the additional hardship of life with an armed group or force. Their vulnerability remains high during the DDR process, and health services should therefore deal with their specific needs as a priority. Special attention should be given to problems that may cause the child fear, embarrassment or stigmatization, e.g.: \\n child and adolescent care and support services should offer a special focus on trauma- related stress disorders, depression and anxiety; \\n treatment should be provided for drug and alcohol addiction; \\n there should be services for the prevention, early detection and clinical management of STIs and HIV\/AIDS; \\n special assistance should be offered to girls and boys for the treatment and clinical management of the consequences of sexual abuse, and every effort should be made to prevent sexual abuse taking place, with due respect for confidentiality.14To decrease the risk of stigma, these services should be provided as a part of general medical care. Ideally, all health care providers should have training in basic counselling, with some having the capacity to deal with the most serious cases (also see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1238, "Sentence":"Child and adolescent soldiers, who are often brutally recruited from very poor communities, or orphaned, are already in a poor state of health before they face the additional hardship of life with an armed group or force.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR child adolescent soldier often brutally recruited poor community orphaned already poor state health face additional hardship life armed group force ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.4. Responding to the needs of vulnerable groups", "Heading3":"8.4.1. Children and adolescents associated with armed groups and forces", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Boy and girl child and adolescent soldiers can range in age from 6 to 18. It is very likely that they have been exposed to a variety of physical and psychological traumas, including mental and sexual abuse, and that they have had very limited access to clinical and public health services. Child and adolescent soldiers, who are often brutally recruited from very poor communities, or orphaned, are already in a poor state of health before they face the additional hardship of life with an armed group or force. Their vulnerability remains high during the DDR process, and health services should therefore deal with their specific needs as a priority. Special attention should be given to problems that may cause the child fear, embarrassment or stigmatization, e.g.: \\n child and adolescent care and support services should offer a special focus on trauma- related stress disorders, depression and anxiety; \\n treatment should be provided for drug and alcohol addiction; \\n there should be services for the prevention, early detection and clinical management of STIs and HIV\/AIDS; \\n special assistance should be offered to girls and boys for the treatment and clinical management of the consequences of sexual abuse, and every effort should be made to prevent sexual abuse taking place, with due respect for confidentiality.14To decrease the risk of stigma, these services should be provided as a part of general medical care. Ideally, all health care providers should have training in basic counselling, with some having the capacity to deal with the most serious cases (also see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1238, "Sentence":"Their vulnerability remains high during the DDR process, and health services should therefore deal with their specific needs as a priority.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR vulnerability remains high ddr process health service therefore deal specific need priority ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.4. Responding to the needs of vulnerable groups", "Heading3":"8.4.1. Children and adolescents associated with armed groups and forces", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Boy and girl child and adolescent soldiers can range in age from 6 to 18. It is very likely that they have been exposed to a variety of physical and psychological traumas, including mental and sexual abuse, and that they have had very limited access to clinical and public health services. Child and adolescent soldiers, who are often brutally recruited from very poor communities, or orphaned, are already in a poor state of health before they face the additional hardship of life with an armed group or force. Their vulnerability remains high during the DDR process, and health services should therefore deal with their specific needs as a priority. Special attention should be given to problems that may cause the child fear, embarrassment or stigmatization, e.g.: \\n child and adolescent care and support services should offer a special focus on trauma- related stress disorders, depression and anxiety; \\n treatment should be provided for drug and alcohol addiction; \\n there should be services for the prevention, early detection and clinical management of STIs and HIV\/AIDS; \\n special assistance should be offered to girls and boys for the treatment and clinical management of the consequences of sexual abuse, and every effort should be made to prevent sexual abuse taking place, with due respect for confidentiality.14To decrease the risk of stigma, these services should be provided as a part of general medical care. Ideally, all health care providers should have training in basic counselling, with some having the capacity to deal with the most serious cases (also see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1238, "Sentence":"Special attention should be given to problems that may cause the child fear, embarrassment or stigmatization, e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR special attention given problem may cause child fear embarrassment stigmatization e.g ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.4. Responding to the needs of vulnerable groups", "Heading3":"8.4.1. Children and adolescents associated with armed groups and forces", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Boy and girl child and adolescent soldiers can range in age from 6 to 18. It is very likely that they have been exposed to a variety of physical and psychological traumas, including mental and sexual abuse, and that they have had very limited access to clinical and public health services. Child and adolescent soldiers, who are often brutally recruited from very poor communities, or orphaned, are already in a poor state of health before they face the additional hardship of life with an armed group or force. Their vulnerability remains high during the DDR process, and health services should therefore deal with their specific needs as a priority. Special attention should be given to problems that may cause the child fear, embarrassment or stigmatization, e.g.: \\n child and adolescent care and support services should offer a special focus on trauma- related stress disorders, depression and anxiety; \\n treatment should be provided for drug and alcohol addiction; \\n there should be services for the prevention, early detection and clinical management of STIs and HIV\/AIDS; \\n special assistance should be offered to girls and boys for the treatment and clinical management of the consequences of sexual abuse, and every effort should be made to prevent sexual abuse taking place, with due respect for confidentiality.14To decrease the risk of stigma, these services should be provided as a part of general medical care. Ideally, all health care providers should have training in basic counselling, with some having the capacity to deal with the most serious cases (also see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1238, "Sentence":": \\n child and adolescent care and support services should offer a special focus on trauma- related stress disorders, depression and anxiety; \\n treatment should be provided for drug and alcohol addiction; \\n there should be services for the prevention, early detection and clinical management of STIs and HIV\/AIDS; \\n special assistance should be offered to girls and boys for the treatment and clinical management of the consequences of sexual abuse, and every effort should be made to prevent sexual abuse taking place, with due respect for confidentiality.14To decrease the risk of stigma, these services should be provided as a part of general medical care.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n child adolescent care support service offer special focus trauma related stress disorder depression anxiety n treatment provided drug alcohol addiction n service prevention early detection clinical management stis hiv\/aids n special assistance offered girl boy treatment clinical management consequence sexual abuse every effort made prevent sexual abuse taking place due respect confidentiality.14to decrease risk stigma service provided part general medical care ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.4. Responding to the needs of vulnerable groups", "Heading3":"8.4.1. Children and adolescents associated with armed groups and forces", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Boy and girl child and adolescent soldiers can range in age from 6 to 18. It is very likely that they have been exposed to a variety of physical and psychological traumas, including mental and sexual abuse, and that they have had very limited access to clinical and public health services. Child and adolescent soldiers, who are often brutally recruited from very poor communities, or orphaned, are already in a poor state of health before they face the additional hardship of life with an armed group or force. Their vulnerability remains high during the DDR process, and health services should therefore deal with their specific needs as a priority. Special attention should be given to problems that may cause the child fear, embarrassment or stigmatization, e.g.: \\n child and adolescent care and support services should offer a special focus on trauma- related stress disorders, depression and anxiety; \\n treatment should be provided for drug and alcohol addiction; \\n there should be services for the prevention, early detection and clinical management of STIs and HIV\/AIDS; \\n special assistance should be offered to girls and boys for the treatment and clinical management of the consequences of sexual abuse, and every effort should be made to prevent sexual abuse taking place, with due respect for confidentiality.14To decrease the risk of stigma, these services should be provided as a part of general medical care. Ideally, all health care providers should have training in basic counselling, with some having the capacity to deal with the most serious cases (also see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1238, "Sentence":"Ideally, all health care providers should have training in basic counselling, with some having the capacity to deal with the most serious cases (also see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR ideally health care provider training basic counselling capacity deal serious case also see iddrs 5.20 youth ddr iddrs 5.30 child ddr ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.4. Responding to the needs of vulnerable groups", "Heading3":"8.4.2. Disabled or chronically ill people", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"To assist this group, DDR health practitioners and national authorities should agree on a system to respond to war disabilities in order for disabled people to gain entitlement to disability pensions and\/or to join the social security system. An approach can be designed that measures an individual\u2019s physical impairment and how much the impairment limits his\/her capacity to benefit from socio-economic reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1239, "Sentence":"To assist this group, DDR health practitioners and national authorities should agree on a system to respond to war disabilities in order for disabled people to gain entitlement to disability pensions and\/or to join the social security system.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR assist group ddr health practitioner national authority agree system respond war disability order disabled people gain entitlement disability pension and\/or join social security system ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.4. Responding to the needs of vulnerable groups", "Heading3":"8.4.2. Disabled or chronically ill people", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"To assist this group, DDR health practitioners and national authorities should agree on a system to respond to war disabilities in order for disabled people to gain entitlement to disability pensions and\/or to join the social security system. An approach can be designed that measures an individual\u2019s physical impairment and how much the impairment limits his\/her capacity to benefit from socio-economic reintegration.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1239, "Sentence":"An approach can be designed that measures an individual\u2019s physical impairment and how much the impairment limits his\/her capacity to benefit from socio-economic reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR approach designed measure individual \u2019 physical impairment much impairment limit his\/her capacity benefit socioeconomic reintegration ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.4. Responding to the needs of vulnerable groups", "Heading3":"8.4.3. Women", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Women combatants and other women associated with armed forces and groups in non- combat roles require special measures to protect them throughout the cantonment or assembly phase, in transit camps and while travelling to their reintegration locations. Camps must be designed to offer women security, privacy and protection. Women who are pregnant, lac- tating or caring for young children will require health services that cater for their specific needs. Those who have survived rape or other gender-based violence should receive access to the Minimal Initial Service Package for reproductive health.15 Particular care should be taken to include women in the health team at assembly areas or cantonment sites (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1240, "Sentence":"Women combatants and other women associated with armed forces and groups in non- combat roles require special measures to protect them throughout the cantonment or assembly phase, in transit camps and while travelling to their reintegration locations.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR woman combatant woman associated armed force group non combat role require special measure protect throughout cantonment assembly phase transit camp travelling reintegration location ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.4. Responding to the needs of vulnerable groups", "Heading3":"8.4.3. Women", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Women combatants and other women associated with armed forces and groups in non- combat roles require special measures to protect them throughout the cantonment or assembly phase, in transit camps and while travelling to their reintegration locations. Camps must be designed to offer women security, privacy and protection. Women who are pregnant, lac- tating or caring for young children will require health services that cater for their specific needs. Those who have survived rape or other gender-based violence should receive access to the Minimal Initial Service Package for reproductive health.15 Particular care should be taken to include women in the health team at assembly areas or cantonment sites (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1240, "Sentence":"Camps must be designed to offer women security, privacy and protection.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR camp must designed offer woman security privacy protection ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.4. Responding to the needs of vulnerable groups", "Heading3":"8.4.3. Women", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Women combatants and other women associated with armed forces and groups in non- combat roles require special measures to protect them throughout the cantonment or assembly phase, in transit camps and while travelling to their reintegration locations. Camps must be designed to offer women security, privacy and protection. Women who are pregnant, lac- tating or caring for young children will require health services that cater for their specific needs. Those who have survived rape or other gender-based violence should receive access to the Minimal Initial Service Package for reproductive health.15 Particular care should be taken to include women in the health team at assembly areas or cantonment sites (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1240, "Sentence":"Women who are pregnant, lac- tating or caring for young children will require health services that cater for their specific needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR woman pregnant lac tating caring young child require health service cater specific need ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"8. The role of health actions in the demobilization process", "Heading2":"8.4. Responding to the needs of vulnerable groups", "Heading3":"8.4.3. Women", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Women combatants and other women associated with armed forces and groups in non- combat roles require special measures to protect them throughout the cantonment or assembly phase, in transit camps and while travelling to their reintegration locations. Camps must be designed to offer women security, privacy and protection. Women who are pregnant, lac- tating or caring for young children will require health services that cater for their specific needs. Those who have survived rape or other gender-based violence should receive access to the Minimal Initial Service Package for reproductive health.15 Particular care should be taken to include women in the health team at assembly areas or cantonment sites (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1240, "Sentence":"Those who have survived rape or other gender-based violence should receive access to the Minimal Initial Service Package for reproductive health.15 Particular care should be taken to include women in the health team at assembly areas or cantonment sites (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.60 on HIV\/AIDS and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR survived rape genderbased violence receive access minimal initial service package reproductive health.15 particular care taken include woman health team assembly area cantonment site also see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr iddrs 5.60 hiv\/aids ddr ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. The role of health services in the reintegration process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"This section explains how to use the resources allocated to health action in DDR to reinforce and support the national health system in the medium and longer term.It needs to be emphasized that after combatants are discharged, they come under the responsibility of the national health system. It is vital, therefore, for all the health actions carried out during the demobilization phase to be consistent with national protocols and regulation (e.g., the administration of TB drugs). Especially in countries emerging from long-lasting violent conflict, the capacity of the national health system may not be able to meet the needs of population, and more often than not, good health care is expensive. In this case, preferential or subsidized access to health care for former combatants and others associated with armed groups and forces can be provided if possible. It needs to be em- phasized that the decision to create positive discrimination for former combatants is a political one.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1241, "Sentence":"This section explains how to use the resources allocated to health action in DDR to reinforce and support the national health system in the medium and longer term.It needs to be emphasized that after combatants are discharged, they come under the responsibility of the national health system.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR section explains use resource allocated health action ddr reinforce support national health system medium longer term.it need emphasized combatant discharged come responsibility national health system ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. The role of health services in the reintegration process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"This section explains how to use the resources allocated to health action in DDR to reinforce and support the national health system in the medium and longer term.It needs to be emphasized that after combatants are discharged, they come under the responsibility of the national health system. It is vital, therefore, for all the health actions carried out during the demobilization phase to be consistent with national protocols and regulation (e.g., the administration of TB drugs). Especially in countries emerging from long-lasting violent conflict, the capacity of the national health system may not be able to meet the needs of population, and more often than not, good health care is expensive. In this case, preferential or subsidized access to health care for former combatants and others associated with armed groups and forces can be provided if possible. It needs to be em- phasized that the decision to create positive discrimination for former combatants is a political one.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1241, "Sentence":"It is vital, therefore, for all the health actions carried out during the demobilization phase to be consistent with national protocols and regulation (e.g., the administration of TB drugs).", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR vital therefore health action carried demobilization phase consistent national protocol regulation e.g . administration tb drug ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. The role of health services in the reintegration process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"This section explains how to use the resources allocated to health action in DDR to reinforce and support the national health system in the medium and longer term.It needs to be emphasized that after combatants are discharged, they come under the responsibility of the national health system. It is vital, therefore, for all the health actions carried out during the demobilization phase to be consistent with national protocols and regulation (e.g., the administration of TB drugs). Especially in countries emerging from long-lasting violent conflict, the capacity of the national health system may not be able to meet the needs of population, and more often than not, good health care is expensive. In this case, preferential or subsidized access to health care for former combatants and others associated with armed groups and forces can be provided if possible. It needs to be em- phasized that the decision to create positive discrimination for former combatants is a political one.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1241, "Sentence":"Especially in countries emerging from long-lasting violent conflict, the capacity of the national health system may not be able to meet the needs of population, and more often than not, good health care is expensive.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR especially country emerging longlasting violent conflict capacity national health system may able meet need population often good health care expensive ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. The role of health services in the reintegration process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"This section explains how to use the resources allocated to health action in DDR to reinforce and support the national health system in the medium and longer term.It needs to be emphasized that after combatants are discharged, they come under the responsibility of the national health system. It is vital, therefore, for all the health actions carried out during the demobilization phase to be consistent with national protocols and regulation (e.g., the administration of TB drugs). Especially in countries emerging from long-lasting violent conflict, the capacity of the national health system may not be able to meet the needs of population, and more often than not, good health care is expensive. In this case, preferential or subsidized access to health care for former combatants and others associated with armed groups and forces can be provided if possible. It needs to be em- phasized that the decision to create positive discrimination for former combatants is a political one.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1241, "Sentence":"In this case, preferential or subsidized access to health care for former combatants and others associated with armed groups and forces can be provided if possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR case preferential subsidized access health care former combatant others associated armed group force provided possible ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"9. The role of health services in the reintegration process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"This section explains how to use the resources allocated to health action in DDR to reinforce and support the national health system in the medium and longer term.It needs to be emphasized that after combatants are discharged, they come under the responsibility of the national health system. It is vital, therefore, for all the health actions carried out during the demobilization phase to be consistent with national protocols and regulation (e.g., the administration of TB drugs). Especially in countries emerging from long-lasting violent conflict, the capacity of the national health system may not be able to meet the needs of population, and more often than not, good health care is expensive. In this case, preferential or subsidized access to health care for former combatants and others associated with armed groups and forces can be provided if possible. It needs to be em- phasized that the decision to create positive discrimination for former combatants is a political one.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1241, "Sentence":"It needs to be em- phasized that the decision to create positive discrimination for former combatants is a political one.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR need em phasized decision create positive discrimination former combatant political one ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Systems for programme implementation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The diagram in figure 3 (to be read from the top) shows how it is possible to systematize the various components, levels and executive lines of the health programme in a country emerging from conflict. Whatever the overall institutional setting in which DDR takes place, WHO, in consultation with the other agencies contributing to health service deliv- ery, will be represented as member of the UN\/Inter-Agency Standing Committee country team. The WHO country representatives will be in a position to: (1) ensure that the neces- sary lines of liaison and coordination with the national health authorities are set up and managed; and (2) provide health information to other sectors and agencies, in order to ensure cooperation among the different actors involved in different components of the DDR process.In administering a DDR programme, the health sector is expected to supply both the technical guidance and the resources \u2014 personnel, supplies, funds, and administrative and logistic support \u2014 that are necessary for various partners to deliver coordinated and effective health preventive and curative care at the local level, i.e., in the assembly camps, etc., and beyond into the reintegration phase. In some instances, the military will be the main implementing partners at local level, with the support, in most cases, of medical NGOs and possibly the health units of peacekeeping forces.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1242, "Sentence":"The diagram in figure 3 (to be read from the top) shows how it is possible to systematize the various components, levels and executive lines of the health programme in a country emerging from conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR diagram figure 3 read top show possible systematize various component level executive line health programme country emerging conflict ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Systems for programme implementation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The diagram in figure 3 (to be read from the top) shows how it is possible to systematize the various components, levels and executive lines of the health programme in a country emerging from conflict. Whatever the overall institutional setting in which DDR takes place, WHO, in consultation with the other agencies contributing to health service deliv- ery, will be represented as member of the UN\/Inter-Agency Standing Committee country team. The WHO country representatives will be in a position to: (1) ensure that the neces- sary lines of liaison and coordination with the national health authorities are set up and managed; and (2) provide health information to other sectors and agencies, in order to ensure cooperation among the different actors involved in different components of the DDR process.In administering a DDR programme, the health sector is expected to supply both the technical guidance and the resources \u2014 personnel, supplies, funds, and administrative and logistic support \u2014 that are necessary for various partners to deliver coordinated and effective health preventive and curative care at the local level, i.e., in the assembly camps, etc., and beyond into the reintegration phase. In some instances, the military will be the main implementing partners at local level, with the support, in most cases, of medical NGOs and possibly the health units of peacekeeping forces.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1242, "Sentence":"Whatever the overall institutional setting in which DDR takes place, WHO, in consultation with the other agencies contributing to health service deliv- ery, will be represented as member of the UN\/Inter-Agency Standing Committee country team.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR whatever overall institutional setting ddr take place consultation agency contributing health service deliv ery represented member un\/interagency standing committee country team ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Systems for programme implementation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The diagram in figure 3 (to be read from the top) shows how it is possible to systematize the various components, levels and executive lines of the health programme in a country emerging from conflict. Whatever the overall institutional setting in which DDR takes place, WHO, in consultation with the other agencies contributing to health service deliv- ery, will be represented as member of the UN\/Inter-Agency Standing Committee country team. The WHO country representatives will be in a position to: (1) ensure that the neces- sary lines of liaison and coordination with the national health authorities are set up and managed; and (2) provide health information to other sectors and agencies, in order to ensure cooperation among the different actors involved in different components of the DDR process.In administering a DDR programme, the health sector is expected to supply both the technical guidance and the resources \u2014 personnel, supplies, funds, and administrative and logistic support \u2014 that are necessary for various partners to deliver coordinated and effective health preventive and curative care at the local level, i.e., in the assembly camps, etc., and beyond into the reintegration phase. In some instances, the military will be the main implementing partners at local level, with the support, in most cases, of medical NGOs and possibly the health units of peacekeeping forces.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1242, "Sentence":"The WHO country representatives will be in a position to: (1) ensure that the neces- sary lines of liaison and coordination with the national health authorities are set up and managed; and (2) provide health information to other sectors and agencies, in order to ensure cooperation among the different actors involved in different components of the DDR process.In administering a DDR programme, the health sector is expected to supply both the technical guidance and the resources \u2014 personnel, supplies, funds, and administrative and logistic support \u2014 that are necessary for various partners to deliver coordinated and effective health preventive and curative care at the local level, i.e., in the assembly camps, etc., and beyond into the reintegration phase.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR country representative position 1 ensure neces sary line liaison coordination national health authority set managed 2 provide health information sector agency order ensure cooperation among different actor involved different component ddr process.in administering ddr programme health sector expected supply technical guidance resource \u2014 personnel supply fund administrative logistic support \u2014 necessary various partner deliver coordinated effective health preventive curative care local level i.e . assembly camp etc . beyond reintegration phase ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"10. Systems for programme implementation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The diagram in figure 3 (to be read from the top) shows how it is possible to systematize the various components, levels and executive lines of the health programme in a country emerging from conflict. Whatever the overall institutional setting in which DDR takes place, WHO, in consultation with the other agencies contributing to health service deliv- ery, will be represented as member of the UN\/Inter-Agency Standing Committee country team. The WHO country representatives will be in a position to: (1) ensure that the neces- sary lines of liaison and coordination with the national health authorities are set up and managed; and (2) provide health information to other sectors and agencies, in order to ensure cooperation among the different actors involved in different components of the DDR process.In administering a DDR programme, the health sector is expected to supply both the technical guidance and the resources \u2014 personnel, supplies, funds, and administrative and logistic support \u2014 that are necessary for various partners to deliver coordinated and effective health preventive and curative care at the local level, i.e., in the assembly camps, etc., and beyond into the reintegration phase. In some instances, the military will be the main implementing partners at local level, with the support, in most cases, of medical NGOs and possibly the health units of peacekeeping forces.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1242, "Sentence":"In some instances, the military will be the main implementing partners at local level, with the support, in most cases, of medical NGOs and possibly the health units of peacekeeping forces.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR instance military main implementing partner local level support case medical ngo possibly health unit peacekeeping force ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR 1 who\/emergency humanitarian action \u2018 preliminary idea contribution disarma ment demobilization repatriation reintegration resettlement democratic republic congo \u2019 unpublished technical paper office wr 2002 ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"\\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process?", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n 2 zagaria n. g. arcadu role health peace process" }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR case study angola rome october 1997 ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"\\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n 3 eide e. b. a. t. kaspersen r. kent k. von hippel report integrated mission practical perspec\u00ad tive recommendation independent study expanded un echa executive committee humanitarian affair core group may 2005 pp ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"3 and 28.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR 3 28 ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"\\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n 4 one example angola un verification angola mission iii humanitarian entitlement unita troop much higher one provided dependant ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"\\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n 5 technical guidance refer communicable disease control emergency field manual http\/\/www.who.int\/infectiousdiseasenews\/iddocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"\\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n 6 short health profile many country crisis guideline rapid health assessment see http\/\/www.who.int\/hac ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"\\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org).", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n 7 sphere project provides wide range standard provide useful point reference assessment capacity local health system poor country see sphere project humani\u00ad tarian charter minimum standard disaster response 2004 http\/\/www.sphereproject.org ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"\\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n 8 see woman \u2019 commission refugee woman child field\u00adfriendly guide integrate emergency obstetric care humanitarian program http\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general5ffieldtools\/ ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"\\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n 9 case definition must developed health event\/disease\/syndrome ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR standard case definition available may adapted according local situation ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR po sible case definition host country \u2019 ministry health used available ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR important reporting monitoring\/surveillance system regardless affiliation use case definition consistency reporting ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"\\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n 10 see reproductive health response conflict consortium emergency contraception conflict affected setting reproductive health response conflict consortium distance learning module 2004 http\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general5ffieldtools\/ ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"\\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n 11 see sphere project op ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"cit., pp.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR cit . pp ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"291\u2013293.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR 291\u2013293 ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"\\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n 12 who\/emergency humanitarian action op ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"cit.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR cit ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"\\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n 13 emergency reproductive health rh kit originally developed 1996 member interagency working group reproductive health refugee situation deliver rh service emergency refugee situation ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR obtain kit ddr practitioners\/health expert contact who\/unfpa field office country relevant implementing partner ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"\\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n 14 http\/\/www.who.int\/childadolescenthealth see also who\/un high commissioner refugee clinical management rape survivor developing protocol use refugee internally displaced person revised edition 2004 http\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general5ffieldtools\/ ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.70-Health-and-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Health and DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"1 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, \u2018Preliminary Ideas for WHO Contribution to Disarma- ment, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration and Resettlement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019, unpublished technical paper, WHO Office in WR, 2002. \\n 2 Zagaria, N. and G. Arcadu, What Role for Health in a Peace Process? The Case Study of Angola, Rome, October 1997. \\n 3 Eide, E. B., A. T. Kaspersen, R. Kent and K. von Hippel, Report on Integrated Missions: Practical Perspec\u00ad tive and Recommendation, Independent Study for the Expanded UN ECHA (Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs) Core Group, May 2005, pp. 3 and 28. \\n 4 In one example, in Angola during UN Verification Angola Mission III, the humanitarian entitlements for UNITA troops were much higher than the ones provided for their dependants. \\n 5 For technical guidance, refer to WHO, Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies: A Field Manual, http:\/\/www.who.int\/infectious-disease-news\/IDdocs\/whocds200527\/whocds200527chapters\/ index.htm. \\n 6 For short health profiles of many countries in crisis, and for guidelines on rapid health assessments, see WHO, http:\/\/www.who.int\/hac. \\n 7 The Sphere Project provides a wide range of standards that can provide useful points of reference for an assessment of the capacity of a local health system in a poor country (see Sphere Project, Humani\u00ad tarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, 2004, or http:\/\/www.sphereproject.org). \\n 8 See Women\u2019s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, Field\u00adfriendly Guide to Integrate Emergency Obstetric Care in Humanitarian Programs, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 9 Case definitions must be developed for each health event\/disease\/syndrome. Standard WHO case definitions are available, but these may have to be adapted according to the local situation. If pos- sible, the case definitions of the host country\u2019s ministry of health should be used, if they are available. What is important is that all of those reporting to the monitoring\/surveillance system, regardless of affiliation, use the same case definitions so that there is consistency in reporting. \\n 10 See Reproductive Health Responses in Conflict Consortium, Emergency Contraception for Conflict Affected Settings: A Reproductive Health Response in Conflict Consortium Distance Learning Module, 2004, http:\/\/ www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 11 See the Sphere Project, op. cit., pp. 291\u2013293. \\n 12 WHO\/Emergency and Humanitarian Action, op. cit. \\n 13 Emergency reproductive health (RH) kits were originally developed in 1996 by the members of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations to deliver RH services in emergency and refugee situations. To obtain these kits, the DDR practitioners\/health experts should contact the WHO\/UNFPA field office in that country or relevant implementing partners. \\n 14 http:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health; see also WHO\/UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Clinical Management of Rape Survivors: Developing Protocols for Use with Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, revised edition, 2004, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/general%5Ffieldtools\/. \\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1243, "Sentence":"\\n 15 See resources at the Reproductive Health in Conflict Consortium, http:\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general%5Ffieldtools\/, especially the Inter\u00adagency Field Manual.", "ProcessedSent":"Health and DDR n 15 see resource reproductive health conflict consortium http\/\/www.rhrc.org\/resources\/ general5ffieldtools\/ especially inter\u00adagency field manual ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module offers advice to policy makers and operational staff of agencies dealing with combatants and associated civilians moving across international borders on how to work closely together to establish regional strategies for disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration (DDR) processes.Armed conflicts are increasingly characterized by \u2018mixed population movements\u2019 of combatants and civilians moving across international borders, as well as lines of conflict spilling over and across State boundaries. Because many previous DDR programmes lacked a regional dimension that took this reality into account, the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region and even beyond has become an increasing problem. However, combatants are not the only people who are highly mobile in times of complex emergency. Given that the majority of people fleeing across borders are civilians seeking asylum, it remains vital for the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum to be preserved by host States, with the support of the international community. Combatants must therefore be separated from civilians in order to maintain States\u2019 internal and external security and to safeguard asylum for refugees, as well as to find appropriate long\u00adlasting ways of assisting the various population groups concerned, in accordance with international law standards.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1244, "Sentence":"This module offers advice to policy makers and operational staff of agencies dealing with combatants and associated civilians moving across international borders on how to work closely together to establish regional strategies for disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration (DDR) processes.Armed conflicts are increasingly characterized by \u2018mixed population movements\u2019 of combatants and civilians moving across international borders, as well as lines of conflict spilling over and across State boundaries.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements module offer advice policy maker operational staff agency dealing combatant associated civilian moving across international border work closely together establish regional strategy disarmament demobilization rein\u00ad tegration ddr processes.armed conflict increasingly characterized \u2018 mixed population movement \u2019 combatant civilian moving across international border well line conflict spilling across state boundary ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module offers advice to policy makers and operational staff of agencies dealing with combatants and associated civilians moving across international borders on how to work closely together to establish regional strategies for disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration (DDR) processes.Armed conflicts are increasingly characterized by \u2018mixed population movements\u2019 of combatants and civilians moving across international borders, as well as lines of conflict spilling over and across State boundaries. Because many previous DDR programmes lacked a regional dimension that took this reality into account, the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region and even beyond has become an increasing problem. However, combatants are not the only people who are highly mobile in times of complex emergency. Given that the majority of people fleeing across borders are civilians seeking asylum, it remains vital for the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum to be preserved by host States, with the support of the international community. Combatants must therefore be separated from civilians in order to maintain States\u2019 internal and external security and to safeguard asylum for refugees, as well as to find appropriate long\u00adlasting ways of assisting the various population groups concerned, in accordance with international law standards.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1244, "Sentence":"Because many previous DDR programmes lacked a regional dimension that took this reality into account, the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region and even beyond has become an increasing problem.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements many previous ddr programme lacked regional dimension took reality account \u2018 recycling \u2019 combatant conflict conflict within region even beyond become increasing problem ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module offers advice to policy makers and operational staff of agencies dealing with combatants and associated civilians moving across international borders on how to work closely together to establish regional strategies for disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration (DDR) processes.Armed conflicts are increasingly characterized by \u2018mixed population movements\u2019 of combatants and civilians moving across international borders, as well as lines of conflict spilling over and across State boundaries. Because many previous DDR programmes lacked a regional dimension that took this reality into account, the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region and even beyond has become an increasing problem. However, combatants are not the only people who are highly mobile in times of complex emergency. Given that the majority of people fleeing across borders are civilians seeking asylum, it remains vital for the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum to be preserved by host States, with the support of the international community. Combatants must therefore be separated from civilians in order to maintain States\u2019 internal and external security and to safeguard asylum for refugees, as well as to find appropriate long\u00adlasting ways of assisting the various population groups concerned, in accordance with international law standards.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1244, "Sentence":"However, combatants are not the only people who are highly mobile in times of complex emergency.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements however combatant people highly mobile time complex emergency ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module offers advice to policy makers and operational staff of agencies dealing with combatants and associated civilians moving across international borders on how to work closely together to establish regional strategies for disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration (DDR) processes.Armed conflicts are increasingly characterized by \u2018mixed population movements\u2019 of combatants and civilians moving across international borders, as well as lines of conflict spilling over and across State boundaries. Because many previous DDR programmes lacked a regional dimension that took this reality into account, the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region and even beyond has become an increasing problem. However, combatants are not the only people who are highly mobile in times of complex emergency. Given that the majority of people fleeing across borders are civilians seeking asylum, it remains vital for the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum to be preserved by host States, with the support of the international community. Combatants must therefore be separated from civilians in order to maintain States\u2019 internal and external security and to safeguard asylum for refugees, as well as to find appropriate long\u00adlasting ways of assisting the various population groups concerned, in accordance with international law standards.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1244, "Sentence":"Given that the majority of people fleeing across borders are civilians seeking asylum, it remains vital for the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum to be preserved by host States, with the support of the international community.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements given majority people fleeing across border civilian seeking asylum remains vital civilian humanitarian character asylum preserved host state support international community ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module offers advice to policy makers and operational staff of agencies dealing with combatants and associated civilians moving across international borders on how to work closely together to establish regional strategies for disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration (DDR) processes.Armed conflicts are increasingly characterized by \u2018mixed population movements\u2019 of combatants and civilians moving across international borders, as well as lines of conflict spilling over and across State boundaries. Because many previous DDR programmes lacked a regional dimension that took this reality into account, the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region and even beyond has become an increasing problem. However, combatants are not the only people who are highly mobile in times of complex emergency. Given that the majority of people fleeing across borders are civilians seeking asylum, it remains vital for the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum to be preserved by host States, with the support of the international community. Combatants must therefore be separated from civilians in order to maintain States\u2019 internal and external security and to safeguard asylum for refugees, as well as to find appropriate long\u00adlasting ways of assisting the various population groups concerned, in accordance with international law standards.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1244, "Sentence":"Combatants must therefore be separated from civilians in order to maintain States\u2019 internal and external security and to safeguard asylum for refugees, as well as to find appropriate long\u00adlasting ways of assisting the various population groups concerned, in accordance with international law standards.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements combatant must therefore separated civilian order maintain state \u2019 internal external security safeguard asylum refugee well find appropriate long\u00adlasting way assisting various population group concerned accordance international law standard ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module attempts to answer the following questions: \\n What are the population groups connected with combatants moving across interna\u00ad tional borders? \\n What are the standards and legal frameworks governing their treatment? What are recommendations for action on both sides of the border? \\n What are the roles and responsibilities of international and national agencies on both sides of the border?The module discusses issues relating to foreign adult combatants, foreign women asso\u00ad ciated with armed groups and forces in non\u00adcombat roles, foreign children associated with armed groups and forces, civilian family members\/dependants of foreign combatants, and cross\u00adborder abductees. Their status at various phases \u2014 upon crossing into a host country, at the stage of DDR and repatriation planning, and upon return to and reintegration in their country of origin \u2014 is discussed, and ways of dealing with those who do not repatriate are explored.The module\u2019s aims to provide guidance to agencies supporting governments to fulfil their obligations under international law in deciding on the appropriate treatment of the population groups connected with cross\u00adborder combatants.The principles in this module are intended to be applied not only in formal DDR pro\u00ad grammes, but also in situations where there may be no such programme (and perhaps no United Nations [UN] mission), but where activities related to the identification of foreign combatants, disarmament, demobilization, internment, repatriation and reintegration or other processes are nevertheless needed in response to the presence of foreign combatants on a State\u2019s territory.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1245, "Sentence":"This module attempts to answer the following questions: \\n What are the population groups connected with combatants moving across interna\u00ad tional borders?", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements module attempt answer following question n population group connected combatant moving across interna\u00ad tional border" }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module attempts to answer the following questions: \\n What are the population groups connected with combatants moving across interna\u00ad tional borders? \\n What are the standards and legal frameworks governing their treatment? What are recommendations for action on both sides of the border? \\n What are the roles and responsibilities of international and national agencies on both sides of the border?The module discusses issues relating to foreign adult combatants, foreign women asso\u00ad ciated with armed groups and forces in non\u00adcombat roles, foreign children associated with armed groups and forces, civilian family members\/dependants of foreign combatants, and cross\u00adborder abductees. Their status at various phases \u2014 upon crossing into a host country, at the stage of DDR and repatriation planning, and upon return to and reintegration in their country of origin \u2014 is discussed, and ways of dealing with those who do not repatriate are explored.The module\u2019s aims to provide guidance to agencies supporting governments to fulfil their obligations under international law in deciding on the appropriate treatment of the population groups connected with cross\u00adborder combatants.The principles in this module are intended to be applied not only in formal DDR pro\u00ad grammes, but also in situations where there may be no such programme (and perhaps no United Nations [UN] mission), but where activities related to the identification of foreign combatants, disarmament, demobilization, internment, repatriation and reintegration or other processes are nevertheless needed in response to the presence of foreign combatants on a State\u2019s territory.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1245, "Sentence":"\\n What are the standards and legal frameworks governing their treatment?", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n standard legal framework governing treatment" }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module attempts to answer the following questions: \\n What are the population groups connected with combatants moving across interna\u00ad tional borders? \\n What are the standards and legal frameworks governing their treatment? What are recommendations for action on both sides of the border? \\n What are the roles and responsibilities of international and national agencies on both sides of the border?The module discusses issues relating to foreign adult combatants, foreign women asso\u00ad ciated with armed groups and forces in non\u00adcombat roles, foreign children associated with armed groups and forces, civilian family members\/dependants of foreign combatants, and cross\u00adborder abductees. Their status at various phases \u2014 upon crossing into a host country, at the stage of DDR and repatriation planning, and upon return to and reintegration in their country of origin \u2014 is discussed, and ways of dealing with those who do not repatriate are explored.The module\u2019s aims to provide guidance to agencies supporting governments to fulfil their obligations under international law in deciding on the appropriate treatment of the population groups connected with cross\u00adborder combatants.The principles in this module are intended to be applied not only in formal DDR pro\u00ad grammes, but also in situations where there may be no such programme (and perhaps no United Nations [UN] mission), but where activities related to the identification of foreign combatants, disarmament, demobilization, internment, repatriation and reintegration or other processes are nevertheless needed in response to the presence of foreign combatants on a State\u2019s territory.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1245, "Sentence":"What are recommendations for action on both sides of the border?", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements recommendation action side border" }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module attempts to answer the following questions: \\n What are the population groups connected with combatants moving across interna\u00ad tional borders? \\n What are the standards and legal frameworks governing their treatment? What are recommendations for action on both sides of the border? \\n What are the roles and responsibilities of international and national agencies on both sides of the border?The module discusses issues relating to foreign adult combatants, foreign women asso\u00ad ciated with armed groups and forces in non\u00adcombat roles, foreign children associated with armed groups and forces, civilian family members\/dependants of foreign combatants, and cross\u00adborder abductees. Their status at various phases \u2014 upon crossing into a host country, at the stage of DDR and repatriation planning, and upon return to and reintegration in their country of origin \u2014 is discussed, and ways of dealing with those who do not repatriate are explored.The module\u2019s aims to provide guidance to agencies supporting governments to fulfil their obligations under international law in deciding on the appropriate treatment of the population groups connected with cross\u00adborder combatants.The principles in this module are intended to be applied not only in formal DDR pro\u00ad grammes, but also in situations where there may be no such programme (and perhaps no United Nations [UN] mission), but where activities related to the identification of foreign combatants, disarmament, demobilization, internment, repatriation and reintegration or other processes are nevertheless needed in response to the presence of foreign combatants on a State\u2019s territory.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1245, "Sentence":"\\n What are the roles and responsibilities of international and national agencies on both sides of the border?The module discusses issues relating to foreign adult combatants, foreign women asso\u00ad ciated with armed groups and forces in non\u00adcombat roles, foreign children associated with armed groups and forces, civilian family members\/dependants of foreign combatants, and cross\u00adborder abductees.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n role responsibility international national agency side borderthe module discus issue relating foreign adult combatant foreign woman asso\u00ad ciated armed group force non\u00adcombat role foreign child associated armed group force civilian family members\/dependants foreign combatant cross\u00adborder abductees ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module attempts to answer the following questions: \\n What are the population groups connected with combatants moving across interna\u00ad tional borders? \\n What are the standards and legal frameworks governing their treatment? What are recommendations for action on both sides of the border? \\n What are the roles and responsibilities of international and national agencies on both sides of the border?The module discusses issues relating to foreign adult combatants, foreign women asso\u00ad ciated with armed groups and forces in non\u00adcombat roles, foreign children associated with armed groups and forces, civilian family members\/dependants of foreign combatants, and cross\u00adborder abductees. Their status at various phases \u2014 upon crossing into a host country, at the stage of DDR and repatriation planning, and upon return to and reintegration in their country of origin \u2014 is discussed, and ways of dealing with those who do not repatriate are explored.The module\u2019s aims to provide guidance to agencies supporting governments to fulfil their obligations under international law in deciding on the appropriate treatment of the population groups connected with cross\u00adborder combatants.The principles in this module are intended to be applied not only in formal DDR pro\u00ad grammes, but also in situations where there may be no such programme (and perhaps no United Nations [UN] mission), but where activities related to the identification of foreign combatants, disarmament, demobilization, internment, repatriation and reintegration or other processes are nevertheless needed in response to the presence of foreign combatants on a State\u2019s territory.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1245, "Sentence":"Their status at various phases \u2014 upon crossing into a host country, at the stage of DDR and repatriation planning, and upon return to and reintegration in their country of origin \u2014 is discussed, and ways of dealing with those who do not repatriate are explored.The module\u2019s aims to provide guidance to agencies supporting governments to fulfil their obligations under international law in deciding on the appropriate treatment of the population groups connected with cross\u00adborder combatants.The principles in this module are intended to be applied not only in formal DDR pro\u00ad grammes, but also in situations where there may be no such programme (and perhaps no United Nations [UN] mission), but where activities related to the identification of foreign combatants, disarmament, demobilization, internment, repatriation and reintegration or other processes are nevertheless needed in response to the presence of foreign combatants on a State\u2019s territory.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements status various phase \u2014 upon crossing host country stage ddr repatriation planning upon return reintegration country origin \u2014 discussed way dealing repatriate explored.the module \u2019 aim provide guidance agency supporting government fulfil obligation international law deciding appropriate treatment population group connected cross\u00adborder combatants.the principle module intended applied formal ddr pro\u00ad gramme also situation may programme perhaps united nation un mission activity related identification foreign combatant disarmament demobilization internment repatriation reintegration process nevertheless needed response presence foreign combatant state \u2019 territory ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1246, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements annex contains list term definition abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1246, "Sentence":"A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements com\u00ad plete glossary term definition abbreviation used series integrated ddr standard iddrs given iddrs 1.20.in iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1246, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements use consistent language used international organization standardization iso standard guideline n \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action n \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability n e \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module is intended primarily for policy makers and operational staff of agencies deal\u00ad ing with combatants and associated civilians moving across international borders, regardless of whether or not there are DDR programmes on either side of the border. The guidelines offered in it are also aimed at assisting governments to fulfil their international obligations, and at guiding donors in making funding decisions. They are based on relevant provisions of international law, field experience and lessons learned from a number of operations, par\u00ad ticularly in Africa.This module on cross\u00adborder population movements has been included in the integrated DDR standards because of the regional and international dimensions of conflicts and the impact on population movements: wars lead to both combatants and civilians crossing borders; there are regional and international causes and actors; and cross\u00adborder combatants can a pose a threat to regional and international security. At the end of a conflict, repatriation and sustainable reintegration are needed for both combatants and civilians, contributing to the creation of properly functioning communities in the country of origin. For some, local integration in the host country \u2014 or, in exceptional cases, third\u00adcountry resettlement \u2014 will be the appropriate long\u00adterm course of action.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1247, "Sentence":"This module is intended primarily for policy makers and operational staff of agencies deal\u00ad ing with combatants and associated civilians moving across international borders, regardless of whether or not there are DDR programmes on either side of the border.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements module intended primarily policy maker operational staff agency deal\u00ad ing combatant associated civilian moving across international border regardless whether ddr programme either side border ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module is intended primarily for policy makers and operational staff of agencies deal\u00ad ing with combatants and associated civilians moving across international borders, regardless of whether or not there are DDR programmes on either side of the border. The guidelines offered in it are also aimed at assisting governments to fulfil their international obligations, and at guiding donors in making funding decisions. They are based on relevant provisions of international law, field experience and lessons learned from a number of operations, par\u00ad ticularly in Africa.This module on cross\u00adborder population movements has been included in the integrated DDR standards because of the regional and international dimensions of conflicts and the impact on population movements: wars lead to both combatants and civilians crossing borders; there are regional and international causes and actors; and cross\u00adborder combatants can a pose a threat to regional and international security. At the end of a conflict, repatriation and sustainable reintegration are needed for both combatants and civilians, contributing to the creation of properly functioning communities in the country of origin. For some, local integration in the host country \u2014 or, in exceptional cases, third\u00adcountry resettlement \u2014 will be the appropriate long\u00adterm course of action.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1247, "Sentence":"The guidelines offered in it are also aimed at assisting governments to fulfil their international obligations, and at guiding donors in making funding decisions.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements guideline offered also aimed assisting government fulfil international obligation guiding donor making funding decision ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module is intended primarily for policy makers and operational staff of agencies deal\u00ad ing with combatants and associated civilians moving across international borders, regardless of whether or not there are DDR programmes on either side of the border. The guidelines offered in it are also aimed at assisting governments to fulfil their international obligations, and at guiding donors in making funding decisions. They are based on relevant provisions of international law, field experience and lessons learned from a number of operations, par\u00ad ticularly in Africa.This module on cross\u00adborder population movements has been included in the integrated DDR standards because of the regional and international dimensions of conflicts and the impact on population movements: wars lead to both combatants and civilians crossing borders; there are regional and international causes and actors; and cross\u00adborder combatants can a pose a threat to regional and international security. At the end of a conflict, repatriation and sustainable reintegration are needed for both combatants and civilians, contributing to the creation of properly functioning communities in the country of origin. For some, local integration in the host country \u2014 or, in exceptional cases, third\u00adcountry resettlement \u2014 will be the appropriate long\u00adterm course of action.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1247, "Sentence":"They are based on relevant provisions of international law, field experience and lessons learned from a number of operations, par\u00ad ticularly in Africa.This module on cross\u00adborder population movements has been included in the integrated DDR standards because of the regional and international dimensions of conflicts and the impact on population movements: wars lead to both combatants and civilians crossing borders; there are regional and international causes and actors; and cross\u00adborder combatants can a pose a threat to regional and international security.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements based relevant provision international law field experience lesson learned number operation par\u00ad ticularly africa.this module cross\u00adborder population movement included integrated ddr standard regional international dimension conflict impact population movement war lead combatant civilian crossing border regional international cause actor cross\u00adborder combatant pose threat regional international security ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module is intended primarily for policy makers and operational staff of agencies deal\u00ad ing with combatants and associated civilians moving across international borders, regardless of whether or not there are DDR programmes on either side of the border. The guidelines offered in it are also aimed at assisting governments to fulfil their international obligations, and at guiding donors in making funding decisions. They are based on relevant provisions of international law, field experience and lessons learned from a number of operations, par\u00ad ticularly in Africa.This module on cross\u00adborder population movements has been included in the integrated DDR standards because of the regional and international dimensions of conflicts and the impact on population movements: wars lead to both combatants and civilians crossing borders; there are regional and international causes and actors; and cross\u00adborder combatants can a pose a threat to regional and international security. At the end of a conflict, repatriation and sustainable reintegration are needed for both combatants and civilians, contributing to the creation of properly functioning communities in the country of origin. For some, local integration in the host country \u2014 or, in exceptional cases, third\u00adcountry resettlement \u2014 will be the appropriate long\u00adterm course of action.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1247, "Sentence":"At the end of a conflict, repatriation and sustainable reintegration are needed for both combatants and civilians, contributing to the creation of properly functioning communities in the country of origin.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements end conflict repatriation sustainable reintegration needed combatant civilian contributing creation properly functioning community country origin ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module is intended primarily for policy makers and operational staff of agencies deal\u00ad ing with combatants and associated civilians moving across international borders, regardless of whether or not there are DDR programmes on either side of the border. The guidelines offered in it are also aimed at assisting governments to fulfil their international obligations, and at guiding donors in making funding decisions. They are based on relevant provisions of international law, field experience and lessons learned from a number of operations, par\u00ad ticularly in Africa.This module on cross\u00adborder population movements has been included in the integrated DDR standards because of the regional and international dimensions of conflicts and the impact on population movements: wars lead to both combatants and civilians crossing borders; there are regional and international causes and actors; and cross\u00adborder combatants can a pose a threat to regional and international security. At the end of a conflict, repatriation and sustainable reintegration are needed for both combatants and civilians, contributing to the creation of properly functioning communities in the country of origin. For some, local integration in the host country \u2014 or, in exceptional cases, third\u00adcountry resettlement \u2014 will be the appropriate long\u00adterm course of action.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1247, "Sentence":"For some, local integration in the host country \u2014 or, in exceptional cases, third\u00adcountry resettlement \u2014 will be the appropriate long\u00adterm course of action.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements local integration host country \u2014 exceptional case third\u00adcountry resettlement \u2014 appropriate long\u00adterm course action ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"International law provides a framework for dealing with cross\u00adborder movements of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians. In particular, neutral States have an obligation to identify, separate and intern foreign combatants who cross into their territory, to prevent the use of their territory as a base from which to engage in hostilities against another State. In con\u00ad sidering how to deal with foreign combatants in a DDR programme, it is important to recognize that they may have many different motives for crossing international borders, and that host States in turn will have their own agendas for either preventing or encour\u00ad aging such movement.No single international agency has a mandate for issues relating to cross\u00adborder movements of combatants, but all have an interest in ensuring that these issues are prop\u00ad erly dealt with, and that States abide by their international obligations. Therefore, DDR\u00adrelated processes such as identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration of combatants, as well as building State capacity in host countries and countries of origin, must be carried out within an inter\u00adagency framework. Annex B contains an overview of key inter\u00adnational agencies with relevant mandates that could be expected to assist governments to deal with regional and cross\u00adborder issues relating to combatants in host countries and countries of origin.Foreign combatants are not necessarily \u2018mercenaries\u2019 within the definition of interna\u00ad tional law; and since achieving lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract and retain the maximum possible number of former com\u00ad batants, careful distinctions are necessary between foreign combatants and mercenaries. It is also essential, however, to ensure coherence between DDR processes in adjacent countries in regions engulfed by conflict in order to prevent combatants from moving around from process to process in the hopes of gaining benefits in more than one place.Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be treated separately from adult foreign combatants, and should be given special protection and assistance dur\u00ad ing the DDR process, with a particular emphasis on rehabilitation and reintegration. Their social reintegration, recovery and reconciliation with their communities may work better if they are granted protection such as refugee status, following an appropriate process to determine if they deserve that status, while they are in host countries.Civilian family members of foreign combatants should be treated as refugees or asylum seekers, unless there are individual circumstances that suggest they should be treated dif\u00ad ferently. Third\u00adcountry nationals\/civilians who are not seeking refugee status \u2014 such as cross\u00adborder abductees \u2014 should be assisted to voluntarily repatriate or find another long\u00ad term course of action to assist them within an applicable framework and in close consultation\/ collaboration with the diplomatic representations of their countries of nationality.At the end of an armed conflict, UN missions should support host countries and countries of origin to find long\u00adterm solutions to the problems faced by foreign combatants. The primary solution is to return them in safety and dignity to their country of origin, a process that should be carried out in coordination with the voluntary repatriation of their civilian family members.When designing and implementing DDR programmes, the regional dimensions of the conflict should be taken into account, ensuring that foreign combatants who have parti\u00ad cipated in the war are eligible for such programmes, as well as other individuals who have crossed an international border with an armed force or group and need to be repatriated and included in DDR processes. DDR programmes should therefore be open to all persons who have taken part in the conflict, regardless of their nationality, and close coordination and links should be formed among all DDR programmes in a region to ensure that they are coherently planned and implemented.As a matter of principle and because of the nature of his\/her activities, an active foreign combatant cannot be considered as a refugee. However, a former combatant who has gen\u00ad uinely given up military activities and become a civilian may at a later stage be given refugee status, provided that he\/she applies for this status after a reasonable period of time and is not \u2018excludable from international protection\u2019 on account of having committed crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, serious non\u00adpolitical crimes outside the country of refuge before entering that country, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) assists governments in host countries to determine whether demobilized former combatants are eligible for refugee status using special procedures when they ask for asylum.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1248, "Sentence":"International law provides a framework for dealing with cross\u00adborder movements of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements international law provides framework dealing cross\u00adborder movement com\u00ad batants associated civilian ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"International law provides a framework for dealing with cross\u00adborder movements of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians. In particular, neutral States have an obligation to identify, separate and intern foreign combatants who cross into their territory, to prevent the use of their territory as a base from which to engage in hostilities against another State. In con\u00ad sidering how to deal with foreign combatants in a DDR programme, it is important to recognize that they may have many different motives for crossing international borders, and that host States in turn will have their own agendas for either preventing or encour\u00ad aging such movement.No single international agency has a mandate for issues relating to cross\u00adborder movements of combatants, but all have an interest in ensuring that these issues are prop\u00ad erly dealt with, and that States abide by their international obligations. Therefore, DDR\u00adrelated processes such as identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration of combatants, as well as building State capacity in host countries and countries of origin, must be carried out within an inter\u00adagency framework. Annex B contains an overview of key inter\u00adnational agencies with relevant mandates that could be expected to assist governments to deal with regional and cross\u00adborder issues relating to combatants in host countries and countries of origin.Foreign combatants are not necessarily \u2018mercenaries\u2019 within the definition of interna\u00ad tional law; and since achieving lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract and retain the maximum possible number of former com\u00ad batants, careful distinctions are necessary between foreign combatants and mercenaries. It is also essential, however, to ensure coherence between DDR processes in adjacent countries in regions engulfed by conflict in order to prevent combatants from moving around from process to process in the hopes of gaining benefits in more than one place.Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be treated separately from adult foreign combatants, and should be given special protection and assistance dur\u00ad ing the DDR process, with a particular emphasis on rehabilitation and reintegration. Their social reintegration, recovery and reconciliation with their communities may work better if they are granted protection such as refugee status, following an appropriate process to determine if they deserve that status, while they are in host countries.Civilian family members of foreign combatants should be treated as refugees or asylum seekers, unless there are individual circumstances that suggest they should be treated dif\u00ad ferently. Third\u00adcountry nationals\/civilians who are not seeking refugee status \u2014 such as cross\u00adborder abductees \u2014 should be assisted to voluntarily repatriate or find another long\u00ad term course of action to assist them within an applicable framework and in close consultation\/ collaboration with the diplomatic representations of their countries of nationality.At the end of an armed conflict, UN missions should support host countries and countries of origin to find long\u00adterm solutions to the problems faced by foreign combatants. The primary solution is to return them in safety and dignity to their country of origin, a process that should be carried out in coordination with the voluntary repatriation of their civilian family members.When designing and implementing DDR programmes, the regional dimensions of the conflict should be taken into account, ensuring that foreign combatants who have parti\u00ad cipated in the war are eligible for such programmes, as well as other individuals who have crossed an international border with an armed force or group and need to be repatriated and included in DDR processes. DDR programmes should therefore be open to all persons who have taken part in the conflict, regardless of their nationality, and close coordination and links should be formed among all DDR programmes in a region to ensure that they are coherently planned and implemented.As a matter of principle and because of the nature of his\/her activities, an active foreign combatant cannot be considered as a refugee. However, a former combatant who has gen\u00ad uinely given up military activities and become a civilian may at a later stage be given refugee status, provided that he\/she applies for this status after a reasonable period of time and is not \u2018excludable from international protection\u2019 on account of having committed crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, serious non\u00adpolitical crimes outside the country of refuge before entering that country, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) assists governments in host countries to determine whether demobilized former combatants are eligible for refugee status using special procedures when they ask for asylum.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1248, "Sentence":"In particular, neutral States have an obligation to identify, separate and intern foreign combatants who cross into their territory, to prevent the use of their territory as a base from which to engage in hostilities against another State.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements particular neutral state obligation identify separate intern foreign combatant cross territory prevent use territory base engage hostility another state ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"International law provides a framework for dealing with cross\u00adborder movements of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians. In particular, neutral States have an obligation to identify, separate and intern foreign combatants who cross into their territory, to prevent the use of their territory as a base from which to engage in hostilities against another State. In con\u00ad sidering how to deal with foreign combatants in a DDR programme, it is important to recognize that they may have many different motives for crossing international borders, and that host States in turn will have their own agendas for either preventing or encour\u00ad aging such movement.No single international agency has a mandate for issues relating to cross\u00adborder movements of combatants, but all have an interest in ensuring that these issues are prop\u00ad erly dealt with, and that States abide by their international obligations. Therefore, DDR\u00adrelated processes such as identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration of combatants, as well as building State capacity in host countries and countries of origin, must be carried out within an inter\u00adagency framework. Annex B contains an overview of key inter\u00adnational agencies with relevant mandates that could be expected to assist governments to deal with regional and cross\u00adborder issues relating to combatants in host countries and countries of origin.Foreign combatants are not necessarily \u2018mercenaries\u2019 within the definition of interna\u00ad tional law; and since achieving lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract and retain the maximum possible number of former com\u00ad batants, careful distinctions are necessary between foreign combatants and mercenaries. It is also essential, however, to ensure coherence between DDR processes in adjacent countries in regions engulfed by conflict in order to prevent combatants from moving around from process to process in the hopes of gaining benefits in more than one place.Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be treated separately from adult foreign combatants, and should be given special protection and assistance dur\u00ad ing the DDR process, with a particular emphasis on rehabilitation and reintegration. Their social reintegration, recovery and reconciliation with their communities may work better if they are granted protection such as refugee status, following an appropriate process to determine if they deserve that status, while they are in host countries.Civilian family members of foreign combatants should be treated as refugees or asylum seekers, unless there are individual circumstances that suggest they should be treated dif\u00ad ferently. Third\u00adcountry nationals\/civilians who are not seeking refugee status \u2014 such as cross\u00adborder abductees \u2014 should be assisted to voluntarily repatriate or find another long\u00ad term course of action to assist them within an applicable framework and in close consultation\/ collaboration with the diplomatic representations of their countries of nationality.At the end of an armed conflict, UN missions should support host countries and countries of origin to find long\u00adterm solutions to the problems faced by foreign combatants. The primary solution is to return them in safety and dignity to their country of origin, a process that should be carried out in coordination with the voluntary repatriation of their civilian family members.When designing and implementing DDR programmes, the regional dimensions of the conflict should be taken into account, ensuring that foreign combatants who have parti\u00ad cipated in the war are eligible for such programmes, as well as other individuals who have crossed an international border with an armed force or group and need to be repatriated and included in DDR processes. DDR programmes should therefore be open to all persons who have taken part in the conflict, regardless of their nationality, and close coordination and links should be formed among all DDR programmes in a region to ensure that they are coherently planned and implemented.As a matter of principle and because of the nature of his\/her activities, an active foreign combatant cannot be considered as a refugee. However, a former combatant who has gen\u00ad uinely given up military activities and become a civilian may at a later stage be given refugee status, provided that he\/she applies for this status after a reasonable period of time and is not \u2018excludable from international protection\u2019 on account of having committed crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, serious non\u00adpolitical crimes outside the country of refuge before entering that country, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) assists governments in host countries to determine whether demobilized former combatants are eligible for refugee status using special procedures when they ask for asylum.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1248, "Sentence":"In con\u00ad sidering how to deal with foreign combatants in a DDR programme, it is important to recognize that they may have many different motives for crossing international borders, and that host States in turn will have their own agendas for either preventing or encour\u00ad aging such movement.No single international agency has a mandate for issues relating to cross\u00adborder movements of combatants, but all have an interest in ensuring that these issues are prop\u00ad erly dealt with, and that States abide by their international obligations.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements con\u00ad sidering deal foreign combatant ddr programme important recognize may many different motif crossing international border host state turn agenda either preventing encour\u00ad aging movement.no single international agency mandate issue relating cross\u00adborder movement combatant interest ensuring issue prop\u00ad erly dealt state abide international obligation ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"International law provides a framework for dealing with cross\u00adborder movements of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians. In particular, neutral States have an obligation to identify, separate and intern foreign combatants who cross into their territory, to prevent the use of their territory as a base from which to engage in hostilities against another State. In con\u00ad sidering how to deal with foreign combatants in a DDR programme, it is important to recognize that they may have many different motives for crossing international borders, and that host States in turn will have their own agendas for either preventing or encour\u00ad aging such movement.No single international agency has a mandate for issues relating to cross\u00adborder movements of combatants, but all have an interest in ensuring that these issues are prop\u00ad erly dealt with, and that States abide by their international obligations. Therefore, DDR\u00adrelated processes such as identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration of combatants, as well as building State capacity in host countries and countries of origin, must be carried out within an inter\u00adagency framework. Annex B contains an overview of key inter\u00adnational agencies with relevant mandates that could be expected to assist governments to deal with regional and cross\u00adborder issues relating to combatants in host countries and countries of origin.Foreign combatants are not necessarily \u2018mercenaries\u2019 within the definition of interna\u00ad tional law; and since achieving lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract and retain the maximum possible number of former com\u00ad batants, careful distinctions are necessary between foreign combatants and mercenaries. It is also essential, however, to ensure coherence between DDR processes in adjacent countries in regions engulfed by conflict in order to prevent combatants from moving around from process to process in the hopes of gaining benefits in more than one place.Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be treated separately from adult foreign combatants, and should be given special protection and assistance dur\u00ad ing the DDR process, with a particular emphasis on rehabilitation and reintegration. Their social reintegration, recovery and reconciliation with their communities may work better if they are granted protection such as refugee status, following an appropriate process to determine if they deserve that status, while they are in host countries.Civilian family members of foreign combatants should be treated as refugees or asylum seekers, unless there are individual circumstances that suggest they should be treated dif\u00ad ferently. Third\u00adcountry nationals\/civilians who are not seeking refugee status \u2014 such as cross\u00adborder abductees \u2014 should be assisted to voluntarily repatriate or find another long\u00ad term course of action to assist them within an applicable framework and in close consultation\/ collaboration with the diplomatic representations of their countries of nationality.At the end of an armed conflict, UN missions should support host countries and countries of origin to find long\u00adterm solutions to the problems faced by foreign combatants. The primary solution is to return them in safety and dignity to their country of origin, a process that should be carried out in coordination with the voluntary repatriation of their civilian family members.When designing and implementing DDR programmes, the regional dimensions of the conflict should be taken into account, ensuring that foreign combatants who have parti\u00ad cipated in the war are eligible for such programmes, as well as other individuals who have crossed an international border with an armed force or group and need to be repatriated and included in DDR processes. DDR programmes should therefore be open to all persons who have taken part in the conflict, regardless of their nationality, and close coordination and links should be formed among all DDR programmes in a region to ensure that they are coherently planned and implemented.As a matter of principle and because of the nature of his\/her activities, an active foreign combatant cannot be considered as a refugee. However, a former combatant who has gen\u00ad uinely given up military activities and become a civilian may at a later stage be given refugee status, provided that he\/she applies for this status after a reasonable period of time and is not \u2018excludable from international protection\u2019 on account of having committed crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, serious non\u00adpolitical crimes outside the country of refuge before entering that country, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) assists governments in host countries to determine whether demobilized former combatants are eligible for refugee status using special procedures when they ask for asylum.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1248, "Sentence":"Therefore, DDR\u00adrelated processes such as identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration of combatants, as well as building State capacity in host countries and countries of origin, must be carried out within an inter\u00adagency framework.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements therefore ddr\u00adrelated process identification disarmament separation internment demo\u00ad bilization reintegration combatant well building state capacity host country country origin must carried within inter\u00adagency framework ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"International law provides a framework for dealing with cross\u00adborder movements of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians. In particular, neutral States have an obligation to identify, separate and intern foreign combatants who cross into their territory, to prevent the use of their territory as a base from which to engage in hostilities against another State. In con\u00ad sidering how to deal with foreign combatants in a DDR programme, it is important to recognize that they may have many different motives for crossing international borders, and that host States in turn will have their own agendas for either preventing or encour\u00ad aging such movement.No single international agency has a mandate for issues relating to cross\u00adborder movements of combatants, but all have an interest in ensuring that these issues are prop\u00ad erly dealt with, and that States abide by their international obligations. Therefore, DDR\u00adrelated processes such as identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration of combatants, as well as building State capacity in host countries and countries of origin, must be carried out within an inter\u00adagency framework. Annex B contains an overview of key inter\u00adnational agencies with relevant mandates that could be expected to assist governments to deal with regional and cross\u00adborder issues relating to combatants in host countries and countries of origin.Foreign combatants are not necessarily \u2018mercenaries\u2019 within the definition of interna\u00ad tional law; and since achieving lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract and retain the maximum possible number of former com\u00ad batants, careful distinctions are necessary between foreign combatants and mercenaries. It is also essential, however, to ensure coherence between DDR processes in adjacent countries in regions engulfed by conflict in order to prevent combatants from moving around from process to process in the hopes of gaining benefits in more than one place.Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be treated separately from adult foreign combatants, and should be given special protection and assistance dur\u00ad ing the DDR process, with a particular emphasis on rehabilitation and reintegration. Their social reintegration, recovery and reconciliation with their communities may work better if they are granted protection such as refugee status, following an appropriate process to determine if they deserve that status, while they are in host countries.Civilian family members of foreign combatants should be treated as refugees or asylum seekers, unless there are individual circumstances that suggest they should be treated dif\u00ad ferently. Third\u00adcountry nationals\/civilians who are not seeking refugee status \u2014 such as cross\u00adborder abductees \u2014 should be assisted to voluntarily repatriate or find another long\u00ad term course of action to assist them within an applicable framework and in close consultation\/ collaboration with the diplomatic representations of their countries of nationality.At the end of an armed conflict, UN missions should support host countries and countries of origin to find long\u00adterm solutions to the problems faced by foreign combatants. The primary solution is to return them in safety and dignity to their country of origin, a process that should be carried out in coordination with the voluntary repatriation of their civilian family members.When designing and implementing DDR programmes, the regional dimensions of the conflict should be taken into account, ensuring that foreign combatants who have parti\u00ad cipated in the war are eligible for such programmes, as well as other individuals who have crossed an international border with an armed force or group and need to be repatriated and included in DDR processes. DDR programmes should therefore be open to all persons who have taken part in the conflict, regardless of their nationality, and close coordination and links should be formed among all DDR programmes in a region to ensure that they are coherently planned and implemented.As a matter of principle and because of the nature of his\/her activities, an active foreign combatant cannot be considered as a refugee. However, a former combatant who has gen\u00ad uinely given up military activities and become a civilian may at a later stage be given refugee status, provided that he\/she applies for this status after a reasonable period of time and is not \u2018excludable from international protection\u2019 on account of having committed crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, serious non\u00adpolitical crimes outside the country of refuge before entering that country, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) assists governments in host countries to determine whether demobilized former combatants are eligible for refugee status using special procedures when they ask for asylum.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1248, "Sentence":"Annex B contains an overview of key inter\u00adnational agencies with relevant mandates that could be expected to assist governments to deal with regional and cross\u00adborder issues relating to combatants in host countries and countries of origin.Foreign combatants are not necessarily \u2018mercenaries\u2019 within the definition of interna\u00ad tional law; and since achieving lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract and retain the maximum possible number of former com\u00ad batants, careful distinctions are necessary between foreign combatants and mercenaries.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements annex b contains overview key inter\u00adnational agency relevant mandate could expected assist government deal regional cross\u00adborder issue relating combatant host country country origin.foreign combatant necessarily \u2018 mercenary \u2019 within definition interna\u00ad tional law since achieving lasting peace stability region depends ability ddr programme attract retain maximum possible number former com\u00ad batants careful distinction necessary foreign combatant mercenary ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"International law provides a framework for dealing with cross\u00adborder movements of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians. In particular, neutral States have an obligation to identify, separate and intern foreign combatants who cross into their territory, to prevent the use of their territory as a base from which to engage in hostilities against another State. In con\u00ad sidering how to deal with foreign combatants in a DDR programme, it is important to recognize that they may have many different motives for crossing international borders, and that host States in turn will have their own agendas for either preventing or encour\u00ad aging such movement.No single international agency has a mandate for issues relating to cross\u00adborder movements of combatants, but all have an interest in ensuring that these issues are prop\u00ad erly dealt with, and that States abide by their international obligations. Therefore, DDR\u00adrelated processes such as identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration of combatants, as well as building State capacity in host countries and countries of origin, must be carried out within an inter\u00adagency framework. Annex B contains an overview of key inter\u00adnational agencies with relevant mandates that could be expected to assist governments to deal with regional and cross\u00adborder issues relating to combatants in host countries and countries of origin.Foreign combatants are not necessarily \u2018mercenaries\u2019 within the definition of interna\u00ad tional law; and since achieving lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract and retain the maximum possible number of former com\u00ad batants, careful distinctions are necessary between foreign combatants and mercenaries. It is also essential, however, to ensure coherence between DDR processes in adjacent countries in regions engulfed by conflict in order to prevent combatants from moving around from process to process in the hopes of gaining benefits in more than one place.Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be treated separately from adult foreign combatants, and should be given special protection and assistance dur\u00ad ing the DDR process, with a particular emphasis on rehabilitation and reintegration. Their social reintegration, recovery and reconciliation with their communities may work better if they are granted protection such as refugee status, following an appropriate process to determine if they deserve that status, while they are in host countries.Civilian family members of foreign combatants should be treated as refugees or asylum seekers, unless there are individual circumstances that suggest they should be treated dif\u00ad ferently. Third\u00adcountry nationals\/civilians who are not seeking refugee status \u2014 such as cross\u00adborder abductees \u2014 should be assisted to voluntarily repatriate or find another long\u00ad term course of action to assist them within an applicable framework and in close consultation\/ collaboration with the diplomatic representations of their countries of nationality.At the end of an armed conflict, UN missions should support host countries and countries of origin to find long\u00adterm solutions to the problems faced by foreign combatants. The primary solution is to return them in safety and dignity to their country of origin, a process that should be carried out in coordination with the voluntary repatriation of their civilian family members.When designing and implementing DDR programmes, the regional dimensions of the conflict should be taken into account, ensuring that foreign combatants who have parti\u00ad cipated in the war are eligible for such programmes, as well as other individuals who have crossed an international border with an armed force or group and need to be repatriated and included in DDR processes. DDR programmes should therefore be open to all persons who have taken part in the conflict, regardless of their nationality, and close coordination and links should be formed among all DDR programmes in a region to ensure that they are coherently planned and implemented.As a matter of principle and because of the nature of his\/her activities, an active foreign combatant cannot be considered as a refugee. However, a former combatant who has gen\u00ad uinely given up military activities and become a civilian may at a later stage be given refugee status, provided that he\/she applies for this status after a reasonable period of time and is not \u2018excludable from international protection\u2019 on account of having committed crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, serious non\u00adpolitical crimes outside the country of refuge before entering that country, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) assists governments in host countries to determine whether demobilized former combatants are eligible for refugee status using special procedures when they ask for asylum.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1248, "Sentence":"It is also essential, however, to ensure coherence between DDR processes in adjacent countries in regions engulfed by conflict in order to prevent combatants from moving around from process to process in the hopes of gaining benefits in more than one place.Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be treated separately from adult foreign combatants, and should be given special protection and assistance dur\u00ad ing the DDR process, with a particular emphasis on rehabilitation and reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements also essential however ensure coherence ddr process adjacent country region engulfed conflict order prevent combatant moving around process process hope gaining benefit one place.foreign child associated armed force group treated separately adult foreign combatant given special protection assistance dur\u00ad ing ddr process particular emphasis rehabilitation reintegration ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"International law provides a framework for dealing with cross\u00adborder movements of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians. In particular, neutral States have an obligation to identify, separate and intern foreign combatants who cross into their territory, to prevent the use of their territory as a base from which to engage in hostilities against another State. In con\u00ad sidering how to deal with foreign combatants in a DDR programme, it is important to recognize that they may have many different motives for crossing international borders, and that host States in turn will have their own agendas for either preventing or encour\u00ad aging such movement.No single international agency has a mandate for issues relating to cross\u00adborder movements of combatants, but all have an interest in ensuring that these issues are prop\u00ad erly dealt with, and that States abide by their international obligations. Therefore, DDR\u00adrelated processes such as identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration of combatants, as well as building State capacity in host countries and countries of origin, must be carried out within an inter\u00adagency framework. Annex B contains an overview of key inter\u00adnational agencies with relevant mandates that could be expected to assist governments to deal with regional and cross\u00adborder issues relating to combatants in host countries and countries of origin.Foreign combatants are not necessarily \u2018mercenaries\u2019 within the definition of interna\u00ad tional law; and since achieving lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract and retain the maximum possible number of former com\u00ad batants, careful distinctions are necessary between foreign combatants and mercenaries. It is also essential, however, to ensure coherence between DDR processes in adjacent countries in regions engulfed by conflict in order to prevent combatants from moving around from process to process in the hopes of gaining benefits in more than one place.Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be treated separately from adult foreign combatants, and should be given special protection and assistance dur\u00ad ing the DDR process, with a particular emphasis on rehabilitation and reintegration. Their social reintegration, recovery and reconciliation with their communities may work better if they are granted protection such as refugee status, following an appropriate process to determine if they deserve that status, while they are in host countries.Civilian family members of foreign combatants should be treated as refugees or asylum seekers, unless there are individual circumstances that suggest they should be treated dif\u00ad ferently. Third\u00adcountry nationals\/civilians who are not seeking refugee status \u2014 such as cross\u00adborder abductees \u2014 should be assisted to voluntarily repatriate or find another long\u00ad term course of action to assist them within an applicable framework and in close consultation\/ collaboration with the diplomatic representations of their countries of nationality.At the end of an armed conflict, UN missions should support host countries and countries of origin to find long\u00adterm solutions to the problems faced by foreign combatants. The primary solution is to return them in safety and dignity to their country of origin, a process that should be carried out in coordination with the voluntary repatriation of their civilian family members.When designing and implementing DDR programmes, the regional dimensions of the conflict should be taken into account, ensuring that foreign combatants who have parti\u00ad cipated in the war are eligible for such programmes, as well as other individuals who have crossed an international border with an armed force or group and need to be repatriated and included in DDR processes. DDR programmes should therefore be open to all persons who have taken part in the conflict, regardless of their nationality, and close coordination and links should be formed among all DDR programmes in a region to ensure that they are coherently planned and implemented.As a matter of principle and because of the nature of his\/her activities, an active foreign combatant cannot be considered as a refugee. However, a former combatant who has gen\u00ad uinely given up military activities and become a civilian may at a later stage be given refugee status, provided that he\/she applies for this status after a reasonable period of time and is not \u2018excludable from international protection\u2019 on account of having committed crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, serious non\u00adpolitical crimes outside the country of refuge before entering that country, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) assists governments in host countries to determine whether demobilized former combatants are eligible for refugee status using special procedures when they ask for asylum.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1248, "Sentence":"Their social reintegration, recovery and reconciliation with their communities may work better if they are granted protection such as refugee status, following an appropriate process to determine if they deserve that status, while they are in host countries.Civilian family members of foreign combatants should be treated as refugees or asylum seekers, unless there are individual circumstances that suggest they should be treated dif\u00ad ferently.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements social reintegration recovery reconciliation community may work better granted protection refugee status following appropriate process determine deserve status host countries.civilian family member foreign combatant treated refugee asylum seeker unless individual circumstance suggest treated dif\u00ad ferently ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"International law provides a framework for dealing with cross\u00adborder movements of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians. In particular, neutral States have an obligation to identify, separate and intern foreign combatants who cross into their territory, to prevent the use of their territory as a base from which to engage in hostilities against another State. In con\u00ad sidering how to deal with foreign combatants in a DDR programme, it is important to recognize that they may have many different motives for crossing international borders, and that host States in turn will have their own agendas for either preventing or encour\u00ad aging such movement.No single international agency has a mandate for issues relating to cross\u00adborder movements of combatants, but all have an interest in ensuring that these issues are prop\u00ad erly dealt with, and that States abide by their international obligations. Therefore, DDR\u00adrelated processes such as identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration of combatants, as well as building State capacity in host countries and countries of origin, must be carried out within an inter\u00adagency framework. Annex B contains an overview of key inter\u00adnational agencies with relevant mandates that could be expected to assist governments to deal with regional and cross\u00adborder issues relating to combatants in host countries and countries of origin.Foreign combatants are not necessarily \u2018mercenaries\u2019 within the definition of interna\u00ad tional law; and since achieving lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract and retain the maximum possible number of former com\u00ad batants, careful distinctions are necessary between foreign combatants and mercenaries. It is also essential, however, to ensure coherence between DDR processes in adjacent countries in regions engulfed by conflict in order to prevent combatants from moving around from process to process in the hopes of gaining benefits in more than one place.Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be treated separately from adult foreign combatants, and should be given special protection and assistance dur\u00ad ing the DDR process, with a particular emphasis on rehabilitation and reintegration. Their social reintegration, recovery and reconciliation with their communities may work better if they are granted protection such as refugee status, following an appropriate process to determine if they deserve that status, while they are in host countries.Civilian family members of foreign combatants should be treated as refugees or asylum seekers, unless there are individual circumstances that suggest they should be treated dif\u00ad ferently. Third\u00adcountry nationals\/civilians who are not seeking refugee status \u2014 such as cross\u00adborder abductees \u2014 should be assisted to voluntarily repatriate or find another long\u00ad term course of action to assist them within an applicable framework and in close consultation\/ collaboration with the diplomatic representations of their countries of nationality.At the end of an armed conflict, UN missions should support host countries and countries of origin to find long\u00adterm solutions to the problems faced by foreign combatants. The primary solution is to return them in safety and dignity to their country of origin, a process that should be carried out in coordination with the voluntary repatriation of their civilian family members.When designing and implementing DDR programmes, the regional dimensions of the conflict should be taken into account, ensuring that foreign combatants who have parti\u00ad cipated in the war are eligible for such programmes, as well as other individuals who have crossed an international border with an armed force or group and need to be repatriated and included in DDR processes. DDR programmes should therefore be open to all persons who have taken part in the conflict, regardless of their nationality, and close coordination and links should be formed among all DDR programmes in a region to ensure that they are coherently planned and implemented.As a matter of principle and because of the nature of his\/her activities, an active foreign combatant cannot be considered as a refugee. However, a former combatant who has gen\u00ad uinely given up military activities and become a civilian may at a later stage be given refugee status, provided that he\/she applies for this status after a reasonable period of time and is not \u2018excludable from international protection\u2019 on account of having committed crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, serious non\u00adpolitical crimes outside the country of refuge before entering that country, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) assists governments in host countries to determine whether demobilized former combatants are eligible for refugee status using special procedures when they ask for asylum.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1248, "Sentence":"Third\u00adcountry nationals\/civilians who are not seeking refugee status \u2014 such as cross\u00adborder abductees \u2014 should be assisted to voluntarily repatriate or find another long\u00ad term course of action to assist them within an applicable framework and in close consultation\/ collaboration with the diplomatic representations of their countries of nationality.At the end of an armed conflict, UN missions should support host countries and countries of origin to find long\u00adterm solutions to the problems faced by foreign combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements third\u00adcountry nationals\/civilians seeking refugee status \u2014 cross\u00adborder abductees \u2014 assisted voluntarily repatriate find another long\u00ad term course action assist within applicable framework close consultation\/ collaboration diplomatic representation country nationality.at end armed conflict un mission support host country country origin find long\u00adterm solution problem faced foreign combatant ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"International law provides a framework for dealing with cross\u00adborder movements of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians. In particular, neutral States have an obligation to identify, separate and intern foreign combatants who cross into their territory, to prevent the use of their territory as a base from which to engage in hostilities against another State. In con\u00ad sidering how to deal with foreign combatants in a DDR programme, it is important to recognize that they may have many different motives for crossing international borders, and that host States in turn will have their own agendas for either preventing or encour\u00ad aging such movement.No single international agency has a mandate for issues relating to cross\u00adborder movements of combatants, but all have an interest in ensuring that these issues are prop\u00ad erly dealt with, and that States abide by their international obligations. Therefore, DDR\u00adrelated processes such as identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration of combatants, as well as building State capacity in host countries and countries of origin, must be carried out within an inter\u00adagency framework. Annex B contains an overview of key inter\u00adnational agencies with relevant mandates that could be expected to assist governments to deal with regional and cross\u00adborder issues relating to combatants in host countries and countries of origin.Foreign combatants are not necessarily \u2018mercenaries\u2019 within the definition of interna\u00ad tional law; and since achieving lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract and retain the maximum possible number of former com\u00ad batants, careful distinctions are necessary between foreign combatants and mercenaries. It is also essential, however, to ensure coherence between DDR processes in adjacent countries in regions engulfed by conflict in order to prevent combatants from moving around from process to process in the hopes of gaining benefits in more than one place.Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be treated separately from adult foreign combatants, and should be given special protection and assistance dur\u00ad ing the DDR process, with a particular emphasis on rehabilitation and reintegration. Their social reintegration, recovery and reconciliation with their communities may work better if they are granted protection such as refugee status, following an appropriate process to determine if they deserve that status, while they are in host countries.Civilian family members of foreign combatants should be treated as refugees or asylum seekers, unless there are individual circumstances that suggest they should be treated dif\u00ad ferently. Third\u00adcountry nationals\/civilians who are not seeking refugee status \u2014 such as cross\u00adborder abductees \u2014 should be assisted to voluntarily repatriate or find another long\u00ad term course of action to assist them within an applicable framework and in close consultation\/ collaboration with the diplomatic representations of their countries of nationality.At the end of an armed conflict, UN missions should support host countries and countries of origin to find long\u00adterm solutions to the problems faced by foreign combatants. The primary solution is to return them in safety and dignity to their country of origin, a process that should be carried out in coordination with the voluntary repatriation of their civilian family members.When designing and implementing DDR programmes, the regional dimensions of the conflict should be taken into account, ensuring that foreign combatants who have parti\u00ad cipated in the war are eligible for such programmes, as well as other individuals who have crossed an international border with an armed force or group and need to be repatriated and included in DDR processes. DDR programmes should therefore be open to all persons who have taken part in the conflict, regardless of their nationality, and close coordination and links should be formed among all DDR programmes in a region to ensure that they are coherently planned and implemented.As a matter of principle and because of the nature of his\/her activities, an active foreign combatant cannot be considered as a refugee. However, a former combatant who has gen\u00ad uinely given up military activities and become a civilian may at a later stage be given refugee status, provided that he\/she applies for this status after a reasonable period of time and is not \u2018excludable from international protection\u2019 on account of having committed crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, serious non\u00adpolitical crimes outside the country of refuge before entering that country, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) assists governments in host countries to determine whether demobilized former combatants are eligible for refugee status using special procedures when they ask for asylum.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1248, "Sentence":"The primary solution is to return them in safety and dignity to their country of origin, a process that should be carried out in coordination with the voluntary repatriation of their civilian family members.When designing and implementing DDR programmes, the regional dimensions of the conflict should be taken into account, ensuring that foreign combatants who have parti\u00ad cipated in the war are eligible for such programmes, as well as other individuals who have crossed an international border with an armed force or group and need to be repatriated and included in DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements primary solution return safety dignity country origin process carried coordination voluntary repatriation civilian family members.when designing implementing ddr programme regional dimension conflict taken account ensuring foreign combatant parti\u00ad cipated war eligible programme well individual crossed international border armed force group need repatriated included ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"International law provides a framework for dealing with cross\u00adborder movements of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians. In particular, neutral States have an obligation to identify, separate and intern foreign combatants who cross into their territory, to prevent the use of their territory as a base from which to engage in hostilities against another State. In con\u00ad sidering how to deal with foreign combatants in a DDR programme, it is important to recognize that they may have many different motives for crossing international borders, and that host States in turn will have their own agendas for either preventing or encour\u00ad aging such movement.No single international agency has a mandate for issues relating to cross\u00adborder movements of combatants, but all have an interest in ensuring that these issues are prop\u00ad erly dealt with, and that States abide by their international obligations. Therefore, DDR\u00adrelated processes such as identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration of combatants, as well as building State capacity in host countries and countries of origin, must be carried out within an inter\u00adagency framework. Annex B contains an overview of key inter\u00adnational agencies with relevant mandates that could be expected to assist governments to deal with regional and cross\u00adborder issues relating to combatants in host countries and countries of origin.Foreign combatants are not necessarily \u2018mercenaries\u2019 within the definition of interna\u00ad tional law; and since achieving lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract and retain the maximum possible number of former com\u00ad batants, careful distinctions are necessary between foreign combatants and mercenaries. It is also essential, however, to ensure coherence between DDR processes in adjacent countries in regions engulfed by conflict in order to prevent combatants from moving around from process to process in the hopes of gaining benefits in more than one place.Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be treated separately from adult foreign combatants, and should be given special protection and assistance dur\u00ad ing the DDR process, with a particular emphasis on rehabilitation and reintegration. Their social reintegration, recovery and reconciliation with their communities may work better if they are granted protection such as refugee status, following an appropriate process to determine if they deserve that status, while they are in host countries.Civilian family members of foreign combatants should be treated as refugees or asylum seekers, unless there are individual circumstances that suggest they should be treated dif\u00ad ferently. Third\u00adcountry nationals\/civilians who are not seeking refugee status \u2014 such as cross\u00adborder abductees \u2014 should be assisted to voluntarily repatriate or find another long\u00ad term course of action to assist them within an applicable framework and in close consultation\/ collaboration with the diplomatic representations of their countries of nationality.At the end of an armed conflict, UN missions should support host countries and countries of origin to find long\u00adterm solutions to the problems faced by foreign combatants. The primary solution is to return them in safety and dignity to their country of origin, a process that should be carried out in coordination with the voluntary repatriation of their civilian family members.When designing and implementing DDR programmes, the regional dimensions of the conflict should be taken into account, ensuring that foreign combatants who have parti\u00ad cipated in the war are eligible for such programmes, as well as other individuals who have crossed an international border with an armed force or group and need to be repatriated and included in DDR processes. DDR programmes should therefore be open to all persons who have taken part in the conflict, regardless of their nationality, and close coordination and links should be formed among all DDR programmes in a region to ensure that they are coherently planned and implemented.As a matter of principle and because of the nature of his\/her activities, an active foreign combatant cannot be considered as a refugee. However, a former combatant who has gen\u00ad uinely given up military activities and become a civilian may at a later stage be given refugee status, provided that he\/she applies for this status after a reasonable period of time and is not \u2018excludable from international protection\u2019 on account of having committed crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, serious non\u00adpolitical crimes outside the country of refuge before entering that country, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) assists governments in host countries to determine whether demobilized former combatants are eligible for refugee status using special procedures when they ask for asylum.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1248, "Sentence":"DDR programmes should therefore be open to all persons who have taken part in the conflict, regardless of their nationality, and close coordination and links should be formed among all DDR programmes in a region to ensure that they are coherently planned and implemented.As a matter of principle and because of the nature of his\/her activities, an active foreign combatant cannot be considered as a refugee.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements ddr programme therefore open person taken part conflict regardless nationality close coordination link formed among ddr programme region ensure coherently planned implemented.as matter principle nature his\/her activity active foreign combatant considered refugee ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"International law provides a framework for dealing with cross\u00adborder movements of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians. In particular, neutral States have an obligation to identify, separate and intern foreign combatants who cross into their territory, to prevent the use of their territory as a base from which to engage in hostilities against another State. In con\u00ad sidering how to deal with foreign combatants in a DDR programme, it is important to recognize that they may have many different motives for crossing international borders, and that host States in turn will have their own agendas for either preventing or encour\u00ad aging such movement.No single international agency has a mandate for issues relating to cross\u00adborder movements of combatants, but all have an interest in ensuring that these issues are prop\u00ad erly dealt with, and that States abide by their international obligations. Therefore, DDR\u00adrelated processes such as identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration of combatants, as well as building State capacity in host countries and countries of origin, must be carried out within an inter\u00adagency framework. Annex B contains an overview of key inter\u00adnational agencies with relevant mandates that could be expected to assist governments to deal with regional and cross\u00adborder issues relating to combatants in host countries and countries of origin.Foreign combatants are not necessarily \u2018mercenaries\u2019 within the definition of interna\u00ad tional law; and since achieving lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract and retain the maximum possible number of former com\u00ad batants, careful distinctions are necessary between foreign combatants and mercenaries. It is also essential, however, to ensure coherence between DDR processes in adjacent countries in regions engulfed by conflict in order to prevent combatants from moving around from process to process in the hopes of gaining benefits in more than one place.Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be treated separately from adult foreign combatants, and should be given special protection and assistance dur\u00ad ing the DDR process, with a particular emphasis on rehabilitation and reintegration. Their social reintegration, recovery and reconciliation with their communities may work better if they are granted protection such as refugee status, following an appropriate process to determine if they deserve that status, while they are in host countries.Civilian family members of foreign combatants should be treated as refugees or asylum seekers, unless there are individual circumstances that suggest they should be treated dif\u00ad ferently. Third\u00adcountry nationals\/civilians who are not seeking refugee status \u2014 such as cross\u00adborder abductees \u2014 should be assisted to voluntarily repatriate or find another long\u00ad term course of action to assist them within an applicable framework and in close consultation\/ collaboration with the diplomatic representations of their countries of nationality.At the end of an armed conflict, UN missions should support host countries and countries of origin to find long\u00adterm solutions to the problems faced by foreign combatants. The primary solution is to return them in safety and dignity to their country of origin, a process that should be carried out in coordination with the voluntary repatriation of their civilian family members.When designing and implementing DDR programmes, the regional dimensions of the conflict should be taken into account, ensuring that foreign combatants who have parti\u00ad cipated in the war are eligible for such programmes, as well as other individuals who have crossed an international border with an armed force or group and need to be repatriated and included in DDR processes. DDR programmes should therefore be open to all persons who have taken part in the conflict, regardless of their nationality, and close coordination and links should be formed among all DDR programmes in a region to ensure that they are coherently planned and implemented.As a matter of principle and because of the nature of his\/her activities, an active foreign combatant cannot be considered as a refugee. However, a former combatant who has gen\u00ad uinely given up military activities and become a civilian may at a later stage be given refugee status, provided that he\/she applies for this status after a reasonable period of time and is not \u2018excludable from international protection\u2019 on account of having committed crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, serious non\u00adpolitical crimes outside the country of refuge before entering that country, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) assists governments in host countries to determine whether demobilized former combatants are eligible for refugee status using special procedures when they ask for asylum.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1248, "Sentence":"However, a former combatant who has gen\u00ad uinely given up military activities and become a civilian may at a later stage be given refugee status, provided that he\/she applies for this status after a reasonable period of time and is not \u2018excludable from international protection\u2019 on account of having committed crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, serious non\u00adpolitical crimes outside the country of refuge before entering that country, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements however former combatant gen\u00ad uinely given military activity become civilian may later stage given refugee status provided he\/she applies status reasonable period time \u2018 excludable international protection \u2019 account committed crime peace war crime crime humanity serious non\u00adpolitical crime outside country refuge entering country act contrary purpose principle un ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"International law provides a framework for dealing with cross\u00adborder movements of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians. In particular, neutral States have an obligation to identify, separate and intern foreign combatants who cross into their territory, to prevent the use of their territory as a base from which to engage in hostilities against another State. In con\u00ad sidering how to deal with foreign combatants in a DDR programme, it is important to recognize that they may have many different motives for crossing international borders, and that host States in turn will have their own agendas for either preventing or encour\u00ad aging such movement.No single international agency has a mandate for issues relating to cross\u00adborder movements of combatants, but all have an interest in ensuring that these issues are prop\u00ad erly dealt with, and that States abide by their international obligations. Therefore, DDR\u00adrelated processes such as identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demo\u00ad bilization and reintegration of combatants, as well as building State capacity in host countries and countries of origin, must be carried out within an inter\u00adagency framework. Annex B contains an overview of key inter\u00adnational agencies with relevant mandates that could be expected to assist governments to deal with regional and cross\u00adborder issues relating to combatants in host countries and countries of origin.Foreign combatants are not necessarily \u2018mercenaries\u2019 within the definition of interna\u00ad tional law; and since achieving lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract and retain the maximum possible number of former com\u00ad batants, careful distinctions are necessary between foreign combatants and mercenaries. It is also essential, however, to ensure coherence between DDR processes in adjacent countries in regions engulfed by conflict in order to prevent combatants from moving around from process to process in the hopes of gaining benefits in more than one place.Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be treated separately from adult foreign combatants, and should be given special protection and assistance dur\u00ad ing the DDR process, with a particular emphasis on rehabilitation and reintegration. Their social reintegration, recovery and reconciliation with their communities may work better if they are granted protection such as refugee status, following an appropriate process to determine if they deserve that status, while they are in host countries.Civilian family members of foreign combatants should be treated as refugees or asylum seekers, unless there are individual circumstances that suggest they should be treated dif\u00ad ferently. Third\u00adcountry nationals\/civilians who are not seeking refugee status \u2014 such as cross\u00adborder abductees \u2014 should be assisted to voluntarily repatriate or find another long\u00ad term course of action to assist them within an applicable framework and in close consultation\/ collaboration with the diplomatic representations of their countries of nationality.At the end of an armed conflict, UN missions should support host countries and countries of origin to find long\u00adterm solutions to the problems faced by foreign combatants. The primary solution is to return them in safety and dignity to their country of origin, a process that should be carried out in coordination with the voluntary repatriation of their civilian family members.When designing and implementing DDR programmes, the regional dimensions of the conflict should be taken into account, ensuring that foreign combatants who have parti\u00ad cipated in the war are eligible for such programmes, as well as other individuals who have crossed an international border with an armed force or group and need to be repatriated and included in DDR processes. DDR programmes should therefore be open to all persons who have taken part in the conflict, regardless of their nationality, and close coordination and links should be formed among all DDR programmes in a region to ensure that they are coherently planned and implemented.As a matter of principle and because of the nature of his\/her activities, an active foreign combatant cannot be considered as a refugee. However, a former combatant who has gen\u00ad uinely given up military activities and become a civilian may at a later stage be given refugee status, provided that he\/she applies for this status after a reasonable period of time and is not \u2018excludable from international protection\u2019 on account of having committed crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, serious non\u00adpolitical crimes outside the country of refuge before entering that country, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) assists governments in host countries to determine whether demobilized former combatants are eligible for refugee status using special procedures when they ask for asylum.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1248, "Sentence":"The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) assists governments in host countries to determine whether demobilized former combatants are eligible for refugee status using special procedures when they ask for asylum.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements un high commissioner refugee unhcr assist government host country determine whether demobilized former combatant eligible refugee status using special procedure ask asylum ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"5. The context of regional conflicts and cross-border population movements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Forced displacement is mainly caused by the insecurity of armed conflict. Conflicts that cause refugee movements across international borders by definition involve neighbouring States, and thus have regional security implications. As is evident in recent conflicts in Africa in particular, the lines of conflict frequently run across State boundaries, because they are being fought by people with ethnic, cultural, political and military ties that are not confined to one country. The mixed movements of populations that result are very complex and involve not only refugees, but also combatants and civilians associated with armed groups and forces, including family members and other dependants, cross\u00adborder abductees, etc.The often\u00adinterconnected nature of conflicts within a region, recruitment (both forced and voluntary) across borders and the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region has meant that not only nationals of a country at war, but also foreign com\u00ad batants may be involved in the struggle. When wars come to an end, it is not only refugees who are in need of repatriation and reintegration, but also foreign combatants and associated civilians. DDR programmes need to be regional in scope in order to deal with this reality. Enormous complexities are involved in managing mass influxes and mixed population movements of combatants and civilians. Combatants\u2019 status may not be obvious, as many arrive without weapons and in civilian clothes. At the same time, however, especially in societies where there are large numbers of weapons, not everyone who arrives with a weap\u00ad on is a combatant or can be presumed to be a combatant (refugee influxes usually include young males and females escaping from forced recruitment). The sheer size of population movements can be overwhelming, sometimes making it impossible to carry out any screen\u00ading of arrivals.Whereas refugees by definition flee to seek sanctuary, combatants who cross inter\u00ad national borders may have a range of motives for doing so \u2014 to launch cross\u00adborder attacks, to escape from the heat of battle before re\u00ad grouping to fight, to desert permanently, to seek refuge, to bring family members and other dependants to safety, to find food, etc. Their reasons for moving with civilians may be varied \u2014 not only to protect and assist their dependants, but also sometimes to ex\u00ad ploit civilians as human shields and to prevent voluntary repatriation, to use refugee camps as a place for rest and recuperation between attacks or as a recruiting and\/or training ground, and to divert humanitarian assistance for military purposes. Civilians may be supportive of or intimidated by combatants. The presence of combatants and militarized camps close to border areas may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisals and risk a spillover of the conflict. Host countries may also have their own reasons for sheltering foreign combatants, since complete neutrality is probably rare in today\u2019s conflicts, and in addition there may be a lack of political will and capacity to prevent foreign combatants from entering a neighbouring country. In their responses to mixed cross\u00ad border population movements, the international community should take into account these complexities.Experience has shown that DDR processes directed at nationals of a specific country in isolation have failed to adequately deal with the problems of combatants being recycled from conflict to conflict within (and sometimes even outside) a region, and with the spillover effects of such wars. In addition, the failure of host countries to identify, disarm and separate foreign combatants from refugee populations has contributed to endless cycles of security problems, including militarization of and attacks on refugee camps and settlements, xeno\u00ad phobia, and failure to maintain asylum for refugees. These issues compromise the neutrality of aid work and pose a security threat to the host State and surrounding countries.The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians therefore require a stronger and more consistent cross\u00adborder focus, involving both host countries and countries of origin and benefiting both national and foreign combatants. This dimension has increasingly been recognized by the UN in its recent peacekeeping operations.1", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1249, "Sentence":"Forced displacement is mainly caused by the insecurity of armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements forced displacement mainly caused insecurity armed conflict ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"5. The context of regional conflicts and cross-border population movements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Forced displacement is mainly caused by the insecurity of armed conflict. Conflicts that cause refugee movements across international borders by definition involve neighbouring States, and thus have regional security implications. As is evident in recent conflicts in Africa in particular, the lines of conflict frequently run across State boundaries, because they are being fought by people with ethnic, cultural, political and military ties that are not confined to one country. The mixed movements of populations that result are very complex and involve not only refugees, but also combatants and civilians associated with armed groups and forces, including family members and other dependants, cross\u00adborder abductees, etc.The often\u00adinterconnected nature of conflicts within a region, recruitment (both forced and voluntary) across borders and the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region has meant that not only nationals of a country at war, but also foreign com\u00ad batants may be involved in the struggle. When wars come to an end, it is not only refugees who are in need of repatriation and reintegration, but also foreign combatants and associated civilians. DDR programmes need to be regional in scope in order to deal with this reality. Enormous complexities are involved in managing mass influxes and mixed population movements of combatants and civilians. Combatants\u2019 status may not be obvious, as many arrive without weapons and in civilian clothes. At the same time, however, especially in societies where there are large numbers of weapons, not everyone who arrives with a weap\u00ad on is a combatant or can be presumed to be a combatant (refugee influxes usually include young males and females escaping from forced recruitment). The sheer size of population movements can be overwhelming, sometimes making it impossible to carry out any screen\u00ading of arrivals.Whereas refugees by definition flee to seek sanctuary, combatants who cross inter\u00ad national borders may have a range of motives for doing so \u2014 to launch cross\u00adborder attacks, to escape from the heat of battle before re\u00ad grouping to fight, to desert permanently, to seek refuge, to bring family members and other dependants to safety, to find food, etc. Their reasons for moving with civilians may be varied \u2014 not only to protect and assist their dependants, but also sometimes to ex\u00ad ploit civilians as human shields and to prevent voluntary repatriation, to use refugee camps as a place for rest and recuperation between attacks or as a recruiting and\/or training ground, and to divert humanitarian assistance for military purposes. Civilians may be supportive of or intimidated by combatants. The presence of combatants and militarized camps close to border areas may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisals and risk a spillover of the conflict. Host countries may also have their own reasons for sheltering foreign combatants, since complete neutrality is probably rare in today\u2019s conflicts, and in addition there may be a lack of political will and capacity to prevent foreign combatants from entering a neighbouring country. In their responses to mixed cross\u00ad border population movements, the international community should take into account these complexities.Experience has shown that DDR processes directed at nationals of a specific country in isolation have failed to adequately deal with the problems of combatants being recycled from conflict to conflict within (and sometimes even outside) a region, and with the spillover effects of such wars. In addition, the failure of host countries to identify, disarm and separate foreign combatants from refugee populations has contributed to endless cycles of security problems, including militarization of and attacks on refugee camps and settlements, xeno\u00ad phobia, and failure to maintain asylum for refugees. These issues compromise the neutrality of aid work and pose a security threat to the host State and surrounding countries.The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians therefore require a stronger and more consistent cross\u00adborder focus, involving both host countries and countries of origin and benefiting both national and foreign combatants. This dimension has increasingly been recognized by the UN in its recent peacekeeping operations.1", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1249, "Sentence":"Conflicts that cause refugee movements across international borders by definition involve neighbouring States, and thus have regional security implications.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements conflict cause refugee movement across international border definition involve neighbouring state thus regional security implication ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"5. The context of regional conflicts and cross-border population movements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Forced displacement is mainly caused by the insecurity of armed conflict. Conflicts that cause refugee movements across international borders by definition involve neighbouring States, and thus have regional security implications. As is evident in recent conflicts in Africa in particular, the lines of conflict frequently run across State boundaries, because they are being fought by people with ethnic, cultural, political and military ties that are not confined to one country. The mixed movements of populations that result are very complex and involve not only refugees, but also combatants and civilians associated with armed groups and forces, including family members and other dependants, cross\u00adborder abductees, etc.The often\u00adinterconnected nature of conflicts within a region, recruitment (both forced and voluntary) across borders and the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region has meant that not only nationals of a country at war, but also foreign com\u00ad batants may be involved in the struggle. When wars come to an end, it is not only refugees who are in need of repatriation and reintegration, but also foreign combatants and associated civilians. DDR programmes need to be regional in scope in order to deal with this reality. Enormous complexities are involved in managing mass influxes and mixed population movements of combatants and civilians. Combatants\u2019 status may not be obvious, as many arrive without weapons and in civilian clothes. At the same time, however, especially in societies where there are large numbers of weapons, not everyone who arrives with a weap\u00ad on is a combatant or can be presumed to be a combatant (refugee influxes usually include young males and females escaping from forced recruitment). The sheer size of population movements can be overwhelming, sometimes making it impossible to carry out any screen\u00ading of arrivals.Whereas refugees by definition flee to seek sanctuary, combatants who cross inter\u00ad national borders may have a range of motives for doing so \u2014 to launch cross\u00adborder attacks, to escape from the heat of battle before re\u00ad grouping to fight, to desert permanently, to seek refuge, to bring family members and other dependants to safety, to find food, etc. Their reasons for moving with civilians may be varied \u2014 not only to protect and assist their dependants, but also sometimes to ex\u00ad ploit civilians as human shields and to prevent voluntary repatriation, to use refugee camps as a place for rest and recuperation between attacks or as a recruiting and\/or training ground, and to divert humanitarian assistance for military purposes. Civilians may be supportive of or intimidated by combatants. The presence of combatants and militarized camps close to border areas may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisals and risk a spillover of the conflict. Host countries may also have their own reasons for sheltering foreign combatants, since complete neutrality is probably rare in today\u2019s conflicts, and in addition there may be a lack of political will and capacity to prevent foreign combatants from entering a neighbouring country. In their responses to mixed cross\u00ad border population movements, the international community should take into account these complexities.Experience has shown that DDR processes directed at nationals of a specific country in isolation have failed to adequately deal with the problems of combatants being recycled from conflict to conflict within (and sometimes even outside) a region, and with the spillover effects of such wars. In addition, the failure of host countries to identify, disarm and separate foreign combatants from refugee populations has contributed to endless cycles of security problems, including militarization of and attacks on refugee camps and settlements, xeno\u00ad phobia, and failure to maintain asylum for refugees. These issues compromise the neutrality of aid work and pose a security threat to the host State and surrounding countries.The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians therefore require a stronger and more consistent cross\u00adborder focus, involving both host countries and countries of origin and benefiting both national and foreign combatants. This dimension has increasingly been recognized by the UN in its recent peacekeeping operations.1", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1249, "Sentence":"As is evident in recent conflicts in Africa in particular, the lines of conflict frequently run across State boundaries, because they are being fought by people with ethnic, cultural, political and military ties that are not confined to one country.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements evident recent conflict africa particular line conflict frequently run across state boundary fought people ethnic cultural political military tie confined one country ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"5. The context of regional conflicts and cross-border population movements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Forced displacement is mainly caused by the insecurity of armed conflict. Conflicts that cause refugee movements across international borders by definition involve neighbouring States, and thus have regional security implications. As is evident in recent conflicts in Africa in particular, the lines of conflict frequently run across State boundaries, because they are being fought by people with ethnic, cultural, political and military ties that are not confined to one country. The mixed movements of populations that result are very complex and involve not only refugees, but also combatants and civilians associated with armed groups and forces, including family members and other dependants, cross\u00adborder abductees, etc.The often\u00adinterconnected nature of conflicts within a region, recruitment (both forced and voluntary) across borders and the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region has meant that not only nationals of a country at war, but also foreign com\u00ad batants may be involved in the struggle. When wars come to an end, it is not only refugees who are in need of repatriation and reintegration, but also foreign combatants and associated civilians. DDR programmes need to be regional in scope in order to deal with this reality. Enormous complexities are involved in managing mass influxes and mixed population movements of combatants and civilians. Combatants\u2019 status may not be obvious, as many arrive without weapons and in civilian clothes. At the same time, however, especially in societies where there are large numbers of weapons, not everyone who arrives with a weap\u00ad on is a combatant or can be presumed to be a combatant (refugee influxes usually include young males and females escaping from forced recruitment). The sheer size of population movements can be overwhelming, sometimes making it impossible to carry out any screen\u00ading of arrivals.Whereas refugees by definition flee to seek sanctuary, combatants who cross inter\u00ad national borders may have a range of motives for doing so \u2014 to launch cross\u00adborder attacks, to escape from the heat of battle before re\u00ad grouping to fight, to desert permanently, to seek refuge, to bring family members and other dependants to safety, to find food, etc. Their reasons for moving with civilians may be varied \u2014 not only to protect and assist their dependants, but also sometimes to ex\u00ad ploit civilians as human shields and to prevent voluntary repatriation, to use refugee camps as a place for rest and recuperation between attacks or as a recruiting and\/or training ground, and to divert humanitarian assistance for military purposes. Civilians may be supportive of or intimidated by combatants. The presence of combatants and militarized camps close to border areas may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisals and risk a spillover of the conflict. Host countries may also have their own reasons for sheltering foreign combatants, since complete neutrality is probably rare in today\u2019s conflicts, and in addition there may be a lack of political will and capacity to prevent foreign combatants from entering a neighbouring country. In their responses to mixed cross\u00ad border population movements, the international community should take into account these complexities.Experience has shown that DDR processes directed at nationals of a specific country in isolation have failed to adequately deal with the problems of combatants being recycled from conflict to conflict within (and sometimes even outside) a region, and with the spillover effects of such wars. In addition, the failure of host countries to identify, disarm and separate foreign combatants from refugee populations has contributed to endless cycles of security problems, including militarization of and attacks on refugee camps and settlements, xeno\u00ad phobia, and failure to maintain asylum for refugees. These issues compromise the neutrality of aid work and pose a security threat to the host State and surrounding countries.The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians therefore require a stronger and more consistent cross\u00adborder focus, involving both host countries and countries of origin and benefiting both national and foreign combatants. This dimension has increasingly been recognized by the UN in its recent peacekeeping operations.1", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1249, "Sentence":"The mixed movements of populations that result are very complex and involve not only refugees, but also combatants and civilians associated with armed groups and forces, including family members and other dependants, cross\u00adborder abductees, etc.The often\u00adinterconnected nature of conflicts within a region, recruitment (both forced and voluntary) across borders and the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region has meant that not only nationals of a country at war, but also foreign com\u00ad batants may be involved in the struggle.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements mixed movement population result complex involve refugee also combatant civilian associated armed group force including family member dependant cross\u00adborder abductees etc.the often\u00adinterconnected nature conflict within region recruitment forced voluntary across border \u2018 recycling \u2019 combatant conflict conflict within region meant national country war also foreign com\u00ad batants may involved struggle ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"5. The context of regional conflicts and cross-border population movements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Forced displacement is mainly caused by the insecurity of armed conflict. Conflicts that cause refugee movements across international borders by definition involve neighbouring States, and thus have regional security implications. As is evident in recent conflicts in Africa in particular, the lines of conflict frequently run across State boundaries, because they are being fought by people with ethnic, cultural, political and military ties that are not confined to one country. The mixed movements of populations that result are very complex and involve not only refugees, but also combatants and civilians associated with armed groups and forces, including family members and other dependants, cross\u00adborder abductees, etc.The often\u00adinterconnected nature of conflicts within a region, recruitment (both forced and voluntary) across borders and the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region has meant that not only nationals of a country at war, but also foreign com\u00ad batants may be involved in the struggle. When wars come to an end, it is not only refugees who are in need of repatriation and reintegration, but also foreign combatants and associated civilians. DDR programmes need to be regional in scope in order to deal with this reality. Enormous complexities are involved in managing mass influxes and mixed population movements of combatants and civilians. Combatants\u2019 status may not be obvious, as many arrive without weapons and in civilian clothes. At the same time, however, especially in societies where there are large numbers of weapons, not everyone who arrives with a weap\u00ad on is a combatant or can be presumed to be a combatant (refugee influxes usually include young males and females escaping from forced recruitment). The sheer size of population movements can be overwhelming, sometimes making it impossible to carry out any screen\u00ading of arrivals.Whereas refugees by definition flee to seek sanctuary, combatants who cross inter\u00ad national borders may have a range of motives for doing so \u2014 to launch cross\u00adborder attacks, to escape from the heat of battle before re\u00ad grouping to fight, to desert permanently, to seek refuge, to bring family members and other dependants to safety, to find food, etc. Their reasons for moving with civilians may be varied \u2014 not only to protect and assist their dependants, but also sometimes to ex\u00ad ploit civilians as human shields and to prevent voluntary repatriation, to use refugee camps as a place for rest and recuperation between attacks or as a recruiting and\/or training ground, and to divert humanitarian assistance for military purposes. Civilians may be supportive of or intimidated by combatants. The presence of combatants and militarized camps close to border areas may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisals and risk a spillover of the conflict. Host countries may also have their own reasons for sheltering foreign combatants, since complete neutrality is probably rare in today\u2019s conflicts, and in addition there may be a lack of political will and capacity to prevent foreign combatants from entering a neighbouring country. In their responses to mixed cross\u00ad border population movements, the international community should take into account these complexities.Experience has shown that DDR processes directed at nationals of a specific country in isolation have failed to adequately deal with the problems of combatants being recycled from conflict to conflict within (and sometimes even outside) a region, and with the spillover effects of such wars. In addition, the failure of host countries to identify, disarm and separate foreign combatants from refugee populations has contributed to endless cycles of security problems, including militarization of and attacks on refugee camps and settlements, xeno\u00ad phobia, and failure to maintain asylum for refugees. These issues compromise the neutrality of aid work and pose a security threat to the host State and surrounding countries.The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians therefore require a stronger and more consistent cross\u00adborder focus, involving both host countries and countries of origin and benefiting both national and foreign combatants. This dimension has increasingly been recognized by the UN in its recent peacekeeping operations.1", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1249, "Sentence":"When wars come to an end, it is not only refugees who are in need of repatriation and reintegration, but also foreign combatants and associated civilians.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements war come end refugee need repatriation reintegration also foreign combatant associated civilian ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"5. The context of regional conflicts and cross-border population movements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Forced displacement is mainly caused by the insecurity of armed conflict. Conflicts that cause refugee movements across international borders by definition involve neighbouring States, and thus have regional security implications. As is evident in recent conflicts in Africa in particular, the lines of conflict frequently run across State boundaries, because they are being fought by people with ethnic, cultural, political and military ties that are not confined to one country. The mixed movements of populations that result are very complex and involve not only refugees, but also combatants and civilians associated with armed groups and forces, including family members and other dependants, cross\u00adborder abductees, etc.The often\u00adinterconnected nature of conflicts within a region, recruitment (both forced and voluntary) across borders and the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region has meant that not only nationals of a country at war, but also foreign com\u00ad batants may be involved in the struggle. When wars come to an end, it is not only refugees who are in need of repatriation and reintegration, but also foreign combatants and associated civilians. DDR programmes need to be regional in scope in order to deal with this reality. Enormous complexities are involved in managing mass influxes and mixed population movements of combatants and civilians. Combatants\u2019 status may not be obvious, as many arrive without weapons and in civilian clothes. At the same time, however, especially in societies where there are large numbers of weapons, not everyone who arrives with a weap\u00ad on is a combatant or can be presumed to be a combatant (refugee influxes usually include young males and females escaping from forced recruitment). The sheer size of population movements can be overwhelming, sometimes making it impossible to carry out any screen\u00ading of arrivals.Whereas refugees by definition flee to seek sanctuary, combatants who cross inter\u00ad national borders may have a range of motives for doing so \u2014 to launch cross\u00adborder attacks, to escape from the heat of battle before re\u00ad grouping to fight, to desert permanently, to seek refuge, to bring family members and other dependants to safety, to find food, etc. Their reasons for moving with civilians may be varied \u2014 not only to protect and assist their dependants, but also sometimes to ex\u00ad ploit civilians as human shields and to prevent voluntary repatriation, to use refugee camps as a place for rest and recuperation between attacks or as a recruiting and\/or training ground, and to divert humanitarian assistance for military purposes. Civilians may be supportive of or intimidated by combatants. The presence of combatants and militarized camps close to border areas may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisals and risk a spillover of the conflict. Host countries may also have their own reasons for sheltering foreign combatants, since complete neutrality is probably rare in today\u2019s conflicts, and in addition there may be a lack of political will and capacity to prevent foreign combatants from entering a neighbouring country. In their responses to mixed cross\u00ad border population movements, the international community should take into account these complexities.Experience has shown that DDR processes directed at nationals of a specific country in isolation have failed to adequately deal with the problems of combatants being recycled from conflict to conflict within (and sometimes even outside) a region, and with the spillover effects of such wars. In addition, the failure of host countries to identify, disarm and separate foreign combatants from refugee populations has contributed to endless cycles of security problems, including militarization of and attacks on refugee camps and settlements, xeno\u00ad phobia, and failure to maintain asylum for refugees. These issues compromise the neutrality of aid work and pose a security threat to the host State and surrounding countries.The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians therefore require a stronger and more consistent cross\u00adborder focus, involving both host countries and countries of origin and benefiting both national and foreign combatants. This dimension has increasingly been recognized by the UN in its recent peacekeeping operations.1", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1249, "Sentence":"DDR programmes need to be regional in scope in order to deal with this reality.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements ddr programme need regional scope order deal reality ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"5. The context of regional conflicts and cross-border population movements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Forced displacement is mainly caused by the insecurity of armed conflict. Conflicts that cause refugee movements across international borders by definition involve neighbouring States, and thus have regional security implications. As is evident in recent conflicts in Africa in particular, the lines of conflict frequently run across State boundaries, because they are being fought by people with ethnic, cultural, political and military ties that are not confined to one country. The mixed movements of populations that result are very complex and involve not only refugees, but also combatants and civilians associated with armed groups and forces, including family members and other dependants, cross\u00adborder abductees, etc.The often\u00adinterconnected nature of conflicts within a region, recruitment (both forced and voluntary) across borders and the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region has meant that not only nationals of a country at war, but also foreign com\u00ad batants may be involved in the struggle. When wars come to an end, it is not only refugees who are in need of repatriation and reintegration, but also foreign combatants and associated civilians. DDR programmes need to be regional in scope in order to deal with this reality. Enormous complexities are involved in managing mass influxes and mixed population movements of combatants and civilians. Combatants\u2019 status may not be obvious, as many arrive without weapons and in civilian clothes. At the same time, however, especially in societies where there are large numbers of weapons, not everyone who arrives with a weap\u00ad on is a combatant or can be presumed to be a combatant (refugee influxes usually include young males and females escaping from forced recruitment). The sheer size of population movements can be overwhelming, sometimes making it impossible to carry out any screen\u00ading of arrivals.Whereas refugees by definition flee to seek sanctuary, combatants who cross inter\u00ad national borders may have a range of motives for doing so \u2014 to launch cross\u00adborder attacks, to escape from the heat of battle before re\u00ad grouping to fight, to desert permanently, to seek refuge, to bring family members and other dependants to safety, to find food, etc. Their reasons for moving with civilians may be varied \u2014 not only to protect and assist their dependants, but also sometimes to ex\u00ad ploit civilians as human shields and to prevent voluntary repatriation, to use refugee camps as a place for rest and recuperation between attacks or as a recruiting and\/or training ground, and to divert humanitarian assistance for military purposes. Civilians may be supportive of or intimidated by combatants. The presence of combatants and militarized camps close to border areas may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisals and risk a spillover of the conflict. Host countries may also have their own reasons for sheltering foreign combatants, since complete neutrality is probably rare in today\u2019s conflicts, and in addition there may be a lack of political will and capacity to prevent foreign combatants from entering a neighbouring country. In their responses to mixed cross\u00ad border population movements, the international community should take into account these complexities.Experience has shown that DDR processes directed at nationals of a specific country in isolation have failed to adequately deal with the problems of combatants being recycled from conflict to conflict within (and sometimes even outside) a region, and with the spillover effects of such wars. In addition, the failure of host countries to identify, disarm and separate foreign combatants from refugee populations has contributed to endless cycles of security problems, including militarization of and attacks on refugee camps and settlements, xeno\u00ad phobia, and failure to maintain asylum for refugees. These issues compromise the neutrality of aid work and pose a security threat to the host State and surrounding countries.The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians therefore require a stronger and more consistent cross\u00adborder focus, involving both host countries and countries of origin and benefiting both national and foreign combatants. This dimension has increasingly been recognized by the UN in its recent peacekeeping operations.1", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1249, "Sentence":"Enormous complexities are involved in managing mass influxes and mixed population movements of combatants and civilians.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements enormous complexity involved managing mass influx mixed population movement combatant civilian ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"5. The context of regional conflicts and cross-border population movements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Forced displacement is mainly caused by the insecurity of armed conflict. Conflicts that cause refugee movements across international borders by definition involve neighbouring States, and thus have regional security implications. As is evident in recent conflicts in Africa in particular, the lines of conflict frequently run across State boundaries, because they are being fought by people with ethnic, cultural, political and military ties that are not confined to one country. The mixed movements of populations that result are very complex and involve not only refugees, but also combatants and civilians associated with armed groups and forces, including family members and other dependants, cross\u00adborder abductees, etc.The often\u00adinterconnected nature of conflicts within a region, recruitment (both forced and voluntary) across borders and the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region has meant that not only nationals of a country at war, but also foreign com\u00ad batants may be involved in the struggle. When wars come to an end, it is not only refugees who are in need of repatriation and reintegration, but also foreign combatants and associated civilians. DDR programmes need to be regional in scope in order to deal with this reality. Enormous complexities are involved in managing mass influxes and mixed population movements of combatants and civilians. Combatants\u2019 status may not be obvious, as many arrive without weapons and in civilian clothes. At the same time, however, especially in societies where there are large numbers of weapons, not everyone who arrives with a weap\u00ad on is a combatant or can be presumed to be a combatant (refugee influxes usually include young males and females escaping from forced recruitment). The sheer size of population movements can be overwhelming, sometimes making it impossible to carry out any screen\u00ading of arrivals.Whereas refugees by definition flee to seek sanctuary, combatants who cross inter\u00ad national borders may have a range of motives for doing so \u2014 to launch cross\u00adborder attacks, to escape from the heat of battle before re\u00ad grouping to fight, to desert permanently, to seek refuge, to bring family members and other dependants to safety, to find food, etc. Their reasons for moving with civilians may be varied \u2014 not only to protect and assist their dependants, but also sometimes to ex\u00ad ploit civilians as human shields and to prevent voluntary repatriation, to use refugee camps as a place for rest and recuperation between attacks or as a recruiting and\/or training ground, and to divert humanitarian assistance for military purposes. Civilians may be supportive of or intimidated by combatants. The presence of combatants and militarized camps close to border areas may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisals and risk a spillover of the conflict. Host countries may also have their own reasons for sheltering foreign combatants, since complete neutrality is probably rare in today\u2019s conflicts, and in addition there may be a lack of political will and capacity to prevent foreign combatants from entering a neighbouring country. In their responses to mixed cross\u00ad border population movements, the international community should take into account these complexities.Experience has shown that DDR processes directed at nationals of a specific country in isolation have failed to adequately deal with the problems of combatants being recycled from conflict to conflict within (and sometimes even outside) a region, and with the spillover effects of such wars. In addition, the failure of host countries to identify, disarm and separate foreign combatants from refugee populations has contributed to endless cycles of security problems, including militarization of and attacks on refugee camps and settlements, xeno\u00ad phobia, and failure to maintain asylum for refugees. These issues compromise the neutrality of aid work and pose a security threat to the host State and surrounding countries.The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians therefore require a stronger and more consistent cross\u00adborder focus, involving both host countries and countries of origin and benefiting both national and foreign combatants. This dimension has increasingly been recognized by the UN in its recent peacekeeping operations.1", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1249, "Sentence":"Combatants\u2019 status may not be obvious, as many arrive without weapons and in civilian clothes.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements combatant \u2019 status may obvious many arrive without weapon civilian clothes ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"5. The context of regional conflicts and cross-border population movements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Forced displacement is mainly caused by the insecurity of armed conflict. Conflicts that cause refugee movements across international borders by definition involve neighbouring States, and thus have regional security implications. As is evident in recent conflicts in Africa in particular, the lines of conflict frequently run across State boundaries, because they are being fought by people with ethnic, cultural, political and military ties that are not confined to one country. The mixed movements of populations that result are very complex and involve not only refugees, but also combatants and civilians associated with armed groups and forces, including family members and other dependants, cross\u00adborder abductees, etc.The often\u00adinterconnected nature of conflicts within a region, recruitment (both forced and voluntary) across borders and the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region has meant that not only nationals of a country at war, but also foreign com\u00ad batants may be involved in the struggle. When wars come to an end, it is not only refugees who are in need of repatriation and reintegration, but also foreign combatants and associated civilians. DDR programmes need to be regional in scope in order to deal with this reality. Enormous complexities are involved in managing mass influxes and mixed population movements of combatants and civilians. Combatants\u2019 status may not be obvious, as many arrive without weapons and in civilian clothes. At the same time, however, especially in societies where there are large numbers of weapons, not everyone who arrives with a weap\u00ad on is a combatant or can be presumed to be a combatant (refugee influxes usually include young males and females escaping from forced recruitment). The sheer size of population movements can be overwhelming, sometimes making it impossible to carry out any screen\u00ading of arrivals.Whereas refugees by definition flee to seek sanctuary, combatants who cross inter\u00ad national borders may have a range of motives for doing so \u2014 to launch cross\u00adborder attacks, to escape from the heat of battle before re\u00ad grouping to fight, to desert permanently, to seek refuge, to bring family members and other dependants to safety, to find food, etc. Their reasons for moving with civilians may be varied \u2014 not only to protect and assist their dependants, but also sometimes to ex\u00ad ploit civilians as human shields and to prevent voluntary repatriation, to use refugee camps as a place for rest and recuperation between attacks or as a recruiting and\/or training ground, and to divert humanitarian assistance for military purposes. Civilians may be supportive of or intimidated by combatants. The presence of combatants and militarized camps close to border areas may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisals and risk a spillover of the conflict. Host countries may also have their own reasons for sheltering foreign combatants, since complete neutrality is probably rare in today\u2019s conflicts, and in addition there may be a lack of political will and capacity to prevent foreign combatants from entering a neighbouring country. In their responses to mixed cross\u00ad border population movements, the international community should take into account these complexities.Experience has shown that DDR processes directed at nationals of a specific country in isolation have failed to adequately deal with the problems of combatants being recycled from conflict to conflict within (and sometimes even outside) a region, and with the spillover effects of such wars. In addition, the failure of host countries to identify, disarm and separate foreign combatants from refugee populations has contributed to endless cycles of security problems, including militarization of and attacks on refugee camps and settlements, xeno\u00ad phobia, and failure to maintain asylum for refugees. These issues compromise the neutrality of aid work and pose a security threat to the host State and surrounding countries.The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians therefore require a stronger and more consistent cross\u00adborder focus, involving both host countries and countries of origin and benefiting both national and foreign combatants. This dimension has increasingly been recognized by the UN in its recent peacekeeping operations.1", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1249, "Sentence":"At the same time, however, especially in societies where there are large numbers of weapons, not everyone who arrives with a weap\u00ad on is a combatant or can be presumed to be a combatant (refugee influxes usually include young males and females escaping from forced recruitment).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements time however especially society large number weapon everyone arrives weap\u00ad combatant presumed combatant refugee influx usually include young male female escaping forced recruitment ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"5. The context of regional conflicts and cross-border population movements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Forced displacement is mainly caused by the insecurity of armed conflict. Conflicts that cause refugee movements across international borders by definition involve neighbouring States, and thus have regional security implications. As is evident in recent conflicts in Africa in particular, the lines of conflict frequently run across State boundaries, because they are being fought by people with ethnic, cultural, political and military ties that are not confined to one country. The mixed movements of populations that result are very complex and involve not only refugees, but also combatants and civilians associated with armed groups and forces, including family members and other dependants, cross\u00adborder abductees, etc.The often\u00adinterconnected nature of conflicts within a region, recruitment (both forced and voluntary) across borders and the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region has meant that not only nationals of a country at war, but also foreign com\u00ad batants may be involved in the struggle. When wars come to an end, it is not only refugees who are in need of repatriation and reintegration, but also foreign combatants and associated civilians. DDR programmes need to be regional in scope in order to deal with this reality. Enormous complexities are involved in managing mass influxes and mixed population movements of combatants and civilians. Combatants\u2019 status may not be obvious, as many arrive without weapons and in civilian clothes. At the same time, however, especially in societies where there are large numbers of weapons, not everyone who arrives with a weap\u00ad on is a combatant or can be presumed to be a combatant (refugee influxes usually include young males and females escaping from forced recruitment). The sheer size of population movements can be overwhelming, sometimes making it impossible to carry out any screen\u00ading of arrivals.Whereas refugees by definition flee to seek sanctuary, combatants who cross inter\u00ad national borders may have a range of motives for doing so \u2014 to launch cross\u00adborder attacks, to escape from the heat of battle before re\u00ad grouping to fight, to desert permanently, to seek refuge, to bring family members and other dependants to safety, to find food, etc. Their reasons for moving with civilians may be varied \u2014 not only to protect and assist their dependants, but also sometimes to ex\u00ad ploit civilians as human shields and to prevent voluntary repatriation, to use refugee camps as a place for rest and recuperation between attacks or as a recruiting and\/or training ground, and to divert humanitarian assistance for military purposes. Civilians may be supportive of or intimidated by combatants. The presence of combatants and militarized camps close to border areas may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisals and risk a spillover of the conflict. Host countries may also have their own reasons for sheltering foreign combatants, since complete neutrality is probably rare in today\u2019s conflicts, and in addition there may be a lack of political will and capacity to prevent foreign combatants from entering a neighbouring country. In their responses to mixed cross\u00ad border population movements, the international community should take into account these complexities.Experience has shown that DDR processes directed at nationals of a specific country in isolation have failed to adequately deal with the problems of combatants being recycled from conflict to conflict within (and sometimes even outside) a region, and with the spillover effects of such wars. In addition, the failure of host countries to identify, disarm and separate foreign combatants from refugee populations has contributed to endless cycles of security problems, including militarization of and attacks on refugee camps and settlements, xeno\u00ad phobia, and failure to maintain asylum for refugees. These issues compromise the neutrality of aid work and pose a security threat to the host State and surrounding countries.The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians therefore require a stronger and more consistent cross\u00adborder focus, involving both host countries and countries of origin and benefiting both national and foreign combatants. This dimension has increasingly been recognized by the UN in its recent peacekeeping operations.1", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1249, "Sentence":"The sheer size of population movements can be overwhelming, sometimes making it impossible to carry out any screen\u00ading of arrivals.Whereas refugees by definition flee to seek sanctuary, combatants who cross inter\u00ad national borders may have a range of motives for doing so \u2014 to launch cross\u00adborder attacks, to escape from the heat of battle before re\u00ad grouping to fight, to desert permanently, to seek refuge, to bring family members and other dependants to safety, to find food, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements sheer size population movement overwhelming sometimes making impossible carry screen\u00ading arrivals.whereas refugee definition flee seek sanctuary combatant cross inter\u00ad national border may range motif \u2014 launch cross\u00adborder attack escape heat battle re\u00ad grouping fight desert permanently seek refuge bring family member dependant safety find food etc ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"5. The context of regional conflicts and cross-border population movements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Forced displacement is mainly caused by the insecurity of armed conflict. Conflicts that cause refugee movements across international borders by definition involve neighbouring States, and thus have regional security implications. As is evident in recent conflicts in Africa in particular, the lines of conflict frequently run across State boundaries, because they are being fought by people with ethnic, cultural, political and military ties that are not confined to one country. The mixed movements of populations that result are very complex and involve not only refugees, but also combatants and civilians associated with armed groups and forces, including family members and other dependants, cross\u00adborder abductees, etc.The often\u00adinterconnected nature of conflicts within a region, recruitment (both forced and voluntary) across borders and the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region has meant that not only nationals of a country at war, but also foreign com\u00ad batants may be involved in the struggle. When wars come to an end, it is not only refugees who are in need of repatriation and reintegration, but also foreign combatants and associated civilians. DDR programmes need to be regional in scope in order to deal with this reality. Enormous complexities are involved in managing mass influxes and mixed population movements of combatants and civilians. Combatants\u2019 status may not be obvious, as many arrive without weapons and in civilian clothes. At the same time, however, especially in societies where there are large numbers of weapons, not everyone who arrives with a weap\u00ad on is a combatant or can be presumed to be a combatant (refugee influxes usually include young males and females escaping from forced recruitment). The sheer size of population movements can be overwhelming, sometimes making it impossible to carry out any screen\u00ading of arrivals.Whereas refugees by definition flee to seek sanctuary, combatants who cross inter\u00ad national borders may have a range of motives for doing so \u2014 to launch cross\u00adborder attacks, to escape from the heat of battle before re\u00ad grouping to fight, to desert permanently, to seek refuge, to bring family members and other dependants to safety, to find food, etc. Their reasons for moving with civilians may be varied \u2014 not only to protect and assist their dependants, but also sometimes to ex\u00ad ploit civilians as human shields and to prevent voluntary repatriation, to use refugee camps as a place for rest and recuperation between attacks or as a recruiting and\/or training ground, and to divert humanitarian assistance for military purposes. Civilians may be supportive of or intimidated by combatants. The presence of combatants and militarized camps close to border areas may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisals and risk a spillover of the conflict. Host countries may also have their own reasons for sheltering foreign combatants, since complete neutrality is probably rare in today\u2019s conflicts, and in addition there may be a lack of political will and capacity to prevent foreign combatants from entering a neighbouring country. In their responses to mixed cross\u00ad border population movements, the international community should take into account these complexities.Experience has shown that DDR processes directed at nationals of a specific country in isolation have failed to adequately deal with the problems of combatants being recycled from conflict to conflict within (and sometimes even outside) a region, and with the spillover effects of such wars. In addition, the failure of host countries to identify, disarm and separate foreign combatants from refugee populations has contributed to endless cycles of security problems, including militarization of and attacks on refugee camps and settlements, xeno\u00ad phobia, and failure to maintain asylum for refugees. These issues compromise the neutrality of aid work and pose a security threat to the host State and surrounding countries.The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians therefore require a stronger and more consistent cross\u00adborder focus, involving both host countries and countries of origin and benefiting both national and foreign combatants. This dimension has increasingly been recognized by the UN in its recent peacekeeping operations.1", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1249, "Sentence":"Their reasons for moving with civilians may be varied \u2014 not only to protect and assist their dependants, but also sometimes to ex\u00ad ploit civilians as human shields and to prevent voluntary repatriation, to use refugee camps as a place for rest and recuperation between attacks or as a recruiting and\/or training ground, and to divert humanitarian assistance for military purposes.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements reason moving civilian may varied \u2014 protect assist dependant also sometimes ex\u00ad ploit civilian human shield prevent voluntary repatriation use refugee camp place rest recuperation attack recruiting and\/or training ground divert humanitarian assistance military purpose ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"5. The context of regional conflicts and cross-border population movements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Forced displacement is mainly caused by the insecurity of armed conflict. Conflicts that cause refugee movements across international borders by definition involve neighbouring States, and thus have regional security implications. As is evident in recent conflicts in Africa in particular, the lines of conflict frequently run across State boundaries, because they are being fought by people with ethnic, cultural, political and military ties that are not confined to one country. The mixed movements of populations that result are very complex and involve not only refugees, but also combatants and civilians associated with armed groups and forces, including family members and other dependants, cross\u00adborder abductees, etc.The often\u00adinterconnected nature of conflicts within a region, recruitment (both forced and voluntary) across borders and the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region has meant that not only nationals of a country at war, but also foreign com\u00ad batants may be involved in the struggle. When wars come to an end, it is not only refugees who are in need of repatriation and reintegration, but also foreign combatants and associated civilians. DDR programmes need to be regional in scope in order to deal with this reality. Enormous complexities are involved in managing mass influxes and mixed population movements of combatants and civilians. Combatants\u2019 status may not be obvious, as many arrive without weapons and in civilian clothes. At the same time, however, especially in societies where there are large numbers of weapons, not everyone who arrives with a weap\u00ad on is a combatant or can be presumed to be a combatant (refugee influxes usually include young males and females escaping from forced recruitment). The sheer size of population movements can be overwhelming, sometimes making it impossible to carry out any screen\u00ading of arrivals.Whereas refugees by definition flee to seek sanctuary, combatants who cross inter\u00ad national borders may have a range of motives for doing so \u2014 to launch cross\u00adborder attacks, to escape from the heat of battle before re\u00ad grouping to fight, to desert permanently, to seek refuge, to bring family members and other dependants to safety, to find food, etc. Their reasons for moving with civilians may be varied \u2014 not only to protect and assist their dependants, but also sometimes to ex\u00ad ploit civilians as human shields and to prevent voluntary repatriation, to use refugee camps as a place for rest and recuperation between attacks or as a recruiting and\/or training ground, and to divert humanitarian assistance for military purposes. Civilians may be supportive of or intimidated by combatants. The presence of combatants and militarized camps close to border areas may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisals and risk a spillover of the conflict. Host countries may also have their own reasons for sheltering foreign combatants, since complete neutrality is probably rare in today\u2019s conflicts, and in addition there may be a lack of political will and capacity to prevent foreign combatants from entering a neighbouring country. In their responses to mixed cross\u00ad border population movements, the international community should take into account these complexities.Experience has shown that DDR processes directed at nationals of a specific country in isolation have failed to adequately deal with the problems of combatants being recycled from conflict to conflict within (and sometimes even outside) a region, and with the spillover effects of such wars. In addition, the failure of host countries to identify, disarm and separate foreign combatants from refugee populations has contributed to endless cycles of security problems, including militarization of and attacks on refugee camps and settlements, xeno\u00ad phobia, and failure to maintain asylum for refugees. These issues compromise the neutrality of aid work and pose a security threat to the host State and surrounding countries.The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians therefore require a stronger and more consistent cross\u00adborder focus, involving both host countries and countries of origin and benefiting both national and foreign combatants. This dimension has increasingly been recognized by the UN in its recent peacekeeping operations.1", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1249, "Sentence":"Civilians may be supportive of or intimidated by combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements civilian may supportive intimidated combatant ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"5. The context of regional conflicts and cross-border population movements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Forced displacement is mainly caused by the insecurity of armed conflict. Conflicts that cause refugee movements across international borders by definition involve neighbouring States, and thus have regional security implications. As is evident in recent conflicts in Africa in particular, the lines of conflict frequently run across State boundaries, because they are being fought by people with ethnic, cultural, political and military ties that are not confined to one country. The mixed movements of populations that result are very complex and involve not only refugees, but also combatants and civilians associated with armed groups and forces, including family members and other dependants, cross\u00adborder abductees, etc.The often\u00adinterconnected nature of conflicts within a region, recruitment (both forced and voluntary) across borders and the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region has meant that not only nationals of a country at war, but also foreign com\u00ad batants may be involved in the struggle. When wars come to an end, it is not only refugees who are in need of repatriation and reintegration, but also foreign combatants and associated civilians. DDR programmes need to be regional in scope in order to deal with this reality. Enormous complexities are involved in managing mass influxes and mixed population movements of combatants and civilians. Combatants\u2019 status may not be obvious, as many arrive without weapons and in civilian clothes. At the same time, however, especially in societies where there are large numbers of weapons, not everyone who arrives with a weap\u00ad on is a combatant or can be presumed to be a combatant (refugee influxes usually include young males and females escaping from forced recruitment). The sheer size of population movements can be overwhelming, sometimes making it impossible to carry out any screen\u00ading of arrivals.Whereas refugees by definition flee to seek sanctuary, combatants who cross inter\u00ad national borders may have a range of motives for doing so \u2014 to launch cross\u00adborder attacks, to escape from the heat of battle before re\u00ad grouping to fight, to desert permanently, to seek refuge, to bring family members and other dependants to safety, to find food, etc. Their reasons for moving with civilians may be varied \u2014 not only to protect and assist their dependants, but also sometimes to ex\u00ad ploit civilians as human shields and to prevent voluntary repatriation, to use refugee camps as a place for rest and recuperation between attacks or as a recruiting and\/or training ground, and to divert humanitarian assistance for military purposes. Civilians may be supportive of or intimidated by combatants. The presence of combatants and militarized camps close to border areas may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisals and risk a spillover of the conflict. Host countries may also have their own reasons for sheltering foreign combatants, since complete neutrality is probably rare in today\u2019s conflicts, and in addition there may be a lack of political will and capacity to prevent foreign combatants from entering a neighbouring country. In their responses to mixed cross\u00ad border population movements, the international community should take into account these complexities.Experience has shown that DDR processes directed at nationals of a specific country in isolation have failed to adequately deal with the problems of combatants being recycled from conflict to conflict within (and sometimes even outside) a region, and with the spillover effects of such wars. In addition, the failure of host countries to identify, disarm and separate foreign combatants from refugee populations has contributed to endless cycles of security problems, including militarization of and attacks on refugee camps and settlements, xeno\u00ad phobia, and failure to maintain asylum for refugees. These issues compromise the neutrality of aid work and pose a security threat to the host State and surrounding countries.The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians therefore require a stronger and more consistent cross\u00adborder focus, involving both host countries and countries of origin and benefiting both national and foreign combatants. This dimension has increasingly been recognized by the UN in its recent peacekeeping operations.1", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1249, "Sentence":"The presence of combatants and militarized camps close to border areas may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisals and risk a spillover of the conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements presence combatant militarized camp close border area may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisal risk spillover conflict ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"5. The context of regional conflicts and cross-border population movements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Forced displacement is mainly caused by the insecurity of armed conflict. Conflicts that cause refugee movements across international borders by definition involve neighbouring States, and thus have regional security implications. As is evident in recent conflicts in Africa in particular, the lines of conflict frequently run across State boundaries, because they are being fought by people with ethnic, cultural, political and military ties that are not confined to one country. The mixed movements of populations that result are very complex and involve not only refugees, but also combatants and civilians associated with armed groups and forces, including family members and other dependants, cross\u00adborder abductees, etc.The often\u00adinterconnected nature of conflicts within a region, recruitment (both forced and voluntary) across borders and the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region has meant that not only nationals of a country at war, but also foreign com\u00ad batants may be involved in the struggle. When wars come to an end, it is not only refugees who are in need of repatriation and reintegration, but also foreign combatants and associated civilians. DDR programmes need to be regional in scope in order to deal with this reality. Enormous complexities are involved in managing mass influxes and mixed population movements of combatants and civilians. Combatants\u2019 status may not be obvious, as many arrive without weapons and in civilian clothes. At the same time, however, especially in societies where there are large numbers of weapons, not everyone who arrives with a weap\u00ad on is a combatant or can be presumed to be a combatant (refugee influxes usually include young males and females escaping from forced recruitment). The sheer size of population movements can be overwhelming, sometimes making it impossible to carry out any screen\u00ading of arrivals.Whereas refugees by definition flee to seek sanctuary, combatants who cross inter\u00ad national borders may have a range of motives for doing so \u2014 to launch cross\u00adborder attacks, to escape from the heat of battle before re\u00ad grouping to fight, to desert permanently, to seek refuge, to bring family members and other dependants to safety, to find food, etc. Their reasons for moving with civilians may be varied \u2014 not only to protect and assist their dependants, but also sometimes to ex\u00ad ploit civilians as human shields and to prevent voluntary repatriation, to use refugee camps as a place for rest and recuperation between attacks or as a recruiting and\/or training ground, and to divert humanitarian assistance for military purposes. Civilians may be supportive of or intimidated by combatants. The presence of combatants and militarized camps close to border areas may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisals and risk a spillover of the conflict. Host countries may also have their own reasons for sheltering foreign combatants, since complete neutrality is probably rare in today\u2019s conflicts, and in addition there may be a lack of political will and capacity to prevent foreign combatants from entering a neighbouring country. In their responses to mixed cross\u00ad border population movements, the international community should take into account these complexities.Experience has shown that DDR processes directed at nationals of a specific country in isolation have failed to adequately deal with the problems of combatants being recycled from conflict to conflict within (and sometimes even outside) a region, and with the spillover effects of such wars. In addition, the failure of host countries to identify, disarm and separate foreign combatants from refugee populations has contributed to endless cycles of security problems, including militarization of and attacks on refugee camps and settlements, xeno\u00ad phobia, and failure to maintain asylum for refugees. These issues compromise the neutrality of aid work and pose a security threat to the host State and surrounding countries.The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians therefore require a stronger and more consistent cross\u00adborder focus, involving both host countries and countries of origin and benefiting both national and foreign combatants. This dimension has increasingly been recognized by the UN in its recent peacekeeping operations.1", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1249, "Sentence":"Host countries may also have their own reasons for sheltering foreign combatants, since complete neutrality is probably rare in today\u2019s conflicts, and in addition there may be a lack of political will and capacity to prevent foreign combatants from entering a neighbouring country.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements host country may also reason sheltering foreign combatant since complete neutrality probably rare today \u2019 conflict addition may lack political capacity prevent foreign combatant entering neighbouring country ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"5. The context of regional conflicts and cross-border population movements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Forced displacement is mainly caused by the insecurity of armed conflict. Conflicts that cause refugee movements across international borders by definition involve neighbouring States, and thus have regional security implications. As is evident in recent conflicts in Africa in particular, the lines of conflict frequently run across State boundaries, because they are being fought by people with ethnic, cultural, political and military ties that are not confined to one country. The mixed movements of populations that result are very complex and involve not only refugees, but also combatants and civilians associated with armed groups and forces, including family members and other dependants, cross\u00adborder abductees, etc.The often\u00adinterconnected nature of conflicts within a region, recruitment (both forced and voluntary) across borders and the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region has meant that not only nationals of a country at war, but also foreign com\u00ad batants may be involved in the struggle. When wars come to an end, it is not only refugees who are in need of repatriation and reintegration, but also foreign combatants and associated civilians. DDR programmes need to be regional in scope in order to deal with this reality. Enormous complexities are involved in managing mass influxes and mixed population movements of combatants and civilians. Combatants\u2019 status may not be obvious, as many arrive without weapons and in civilian clothes. At the same time, however, especially in societies where there are large numbers of weapons, not everyone who arrives with a weap\u00ad on is a combatant or can be presumed to be a combatant (refugee influxes usually include young males and females escaping from forced recruitment). The sheer size of population movements can be overwhelming, sometimes making it impossible to carry out any screen\u00ading of arrivals.Whereas refugees by definition flee to seek sanctuary, combatants who cross inter\u00ad national borders may have a range of motives for doing so \u2014 to launch cross\u00adborder attacks, to escape from the heat of battle before re\u00ad grouping to fight, to desert permanently, to seek refuge, to bring family members and other dependants to safety, to find food, etc. Their reasons for moving with civilians may be varied \u2014 not only to protect and assist their dependants, but also sometimes to ex\u00ad ploit civilians as human shields and to prevent voluntary repatriation, to use refugee camps as a place for rest and recuperation between attacks or as a recruiting and\/or training ground, and to divert humanitarian assistance for military purposes. Civilians may be supportive of or intimidated by combatants. The presence of combatants and militarized camps close to border areas may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisals and risk a spillover of the conflict. Host countries may also have their own reasons for sheltering foreign combatants, since complete neutrality is probably rare in today\u2019s conflicts, and in addition there may be a lack of political will and capacity to prevent foreign combatants from entering a neighbouring country. In their responses to mixed cross\u00ad border population movements, the international community should take into account these complexities.Experience has shown that DDR processes directed at nationals of a specific country in isolation have failed to adequately deal with the problems of combatants being recycled from conflict to conflict within (and sometimes even outside) a region, and with the spillover effects of such wars. In addition, the failure of host countries to identify, disarm and separate foreign combatants from refugee populations has contributed to endless cycles of security problems, including militarization of and attacks on refugee camps and settlements, xeno\u00ad phobia, and failure to maintain asylum for refugees. These issues compromise the neutrality of aid work and pose a security threat to the host State and surrounding countries.The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians therefore require a stronger and more consistent cross\u00adborder focus, involving both host countries and countries of origin and benefiting both national and foreign combatants. This dimension has increasingly been recognized by the UN in its recent peacekeeping operations.1", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1249, "Sentence":"In their responses to mixed cross\u00ad border population movements, the international community should take into account these complexities.Experience has shown that DDR processes directed at nationals of a specific country in isolation have failed to adequately deal with the problems of combatants being recycled from conflict to conflict within (and sometimes even outside) a region, and with the spillover effects of such wars.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements response mixed cross\u00ad border population movement international community take account complexities.experience shown ddr process directed national specific country isolation failed adequately deal problem combatant recycled conflict conflict within sometimes even outside region spillover effect war ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"5. The context of regional conflicts and cross-border population movements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Forced displacement is mainly caused by the insecurity of armed conflict. Conflicts that cause refugee movements across international borders by definition involve neighbouring States, and thus have regional security implications. As is evident in recent conflicts in Africa in particular, the lines of conflict frequently run across State boundaries, because they are being fought by people with ethnic, cultural, political and military ties that are not confined to one country. The mixed movements of populations that result are very complex and involve not only refugees, but also combatants and civilians associated with armed groups and forces, including family members and other dependants, cross\u00adborder abductees, etc.The often\u00adinterconnected nature of conflicts within a region, recruitment (both forced and voluntary) across borders and the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region has meant that not only nationals of a country at war, but also foreign com\u00ad batants may be involved in the struggle. When wars come to an end, it is not only refugees who are in need of repatriation and reintegration, but also foreign combatants and associated civilians. DDR programmes need to be regional in scope in order to deal with this reality. Enormous complexities are involved in managing mass influxes and mixed population movements of combatants and civilians. Combatants\u2019 status may not be obvious, as many arrive without weapons and in civilian clothes. At the same time, however, especially in societies where there are large numbers of weapons, not everyone who arrives with a weap\u00ad on is a combatant or can be presumed to be a combatant (refugee influxes usually include young males and females escaping from forced recruitment). The sheer size of population movements can be overwhelming, sometimes making it impossible to carry out any screen\u00ading of arrivals.Whereas refugees by definition flee to seek sanctuary, combatants who cross inter\u00ad national borders may have a range of motives for doing so \u2014 to launch cross\u00adborder attacks, to escape from the heat of battle before re\u00ad grouping to fight, to desert permanently, to seek refuge, to bring family members and other dependants to safety, to find food, etc. Their reasons for moving with civilians may be varied \u2014 not only to protect and assist their dependants, but also sometimes to ex\u00ad ploit civilians as human shields and to prevent voluntary repatriation, to use refugee camps as a place for rest and recuperation between attacks or as a recruiting and\/or training ground, and to divert humanitarian assistance for military purposes. Civilians may be supportive of or intimidated by combatants. The presence of combatants and militarized camps close to border areas may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisals and risk a spillover of the conflict. Host countries may also have their own reasons for sheltering foreign combatants, since complete neutrality is probably rare in today\u2019s conflicts, and in addition there may be a lack of political will and capacity to prevent foreign combatants from entering a neighbouring country. In their responses to mixed cross\u00ad border population movements, the international community should take into account these complexities.Experience has shown that DDR processes directed at nationals of a specific country in isolation have failed to adequately deal with the problems of combatants being recycled from conflict to conflict within (and sometimes even outside) a region, and with the spillover effects of such wars. In addition, the failure of host countries to identify, disarm and separate foreign combatants from refugee populations has contributed to endless cycles of security problems, including militarization of and attacks on refugee camps and settlements, xeno\u00ad phobia, and failure to maintain asylum for refugees. These issues compromise the neutrality of aid work and pose a security threat to the host State and surrounding countries.The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians therefore require a stronger and more consistent cross\u00adborder focus, involving both host countries and countries of origin and benefiting both national and foreign combatants. This dimension has increasingly been recognized by the UN in its recent peacekeeping operations.1", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1249, "Sentence":"In addition, the failure of host countries to identify, disarm and separate foreign combatants from refugee populations has contributed to endless cycles of security problems, including militarization of and attacks on refugee camps and settlements, xeno\u00ad phobia, and failure to maintain asylum for refugees.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements addition failure host country identify disarm separate foreign combatant refugee population contributed endless cycle security problem including militarization attack refugee camp settlement xeno\u00ad phobia failure maintain asylum refugee ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"5. The context of regional conflicts and cross-border population movements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Forced displacement is mainly caused by the insecurity of armed conflict. Conflicts that cause refugee movements across international borders by definition involve neighbouring States, and thus have regional security implications. As is evident in recent conflicts in Africa in particular, the lines of conflict frequently run across State boundaries, because they are being fought by people with ethnic, cultural, political and military ties that are not confined to one country. The mixed movements of populations that result are very complex and involve not only refugees, but also combatants and civilians associated with armed groups and forces, including family members and other dependants, cross\u00adborder abductees, etc.The often\u00adinterconnected nature of conflicts within a region, recruitment (both forced and voluntary) across borders and the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region has meant that not only nationals of a country at war, but also foreign com\u00ad batants may be involved in the struggle. When wars come to an end, it is not only refugees who are in need of repatriation and reintegration, but also foreign combatants and associated civilians. DDR programmes need to be regional in scope in order to deal with this reality. Enormous complexities are involved in managing mass influxes and mixed population movements of combatants and civilians. Combatants\u2019 status may not be obvious, as many arrive without weapons and in civilian clothes. At the same time, however, especially in societies where there are large numbers of weapons, not everyone who arrives with a weap\u00ad on is a combatant or can be presumed to be a combatant (refugee influxes usually include young males and females escaping from forced recruitment). The sheer size of population movements can be overwhelming, sometimes making it impossible to carry out any screen\u00ading of arrivals.Whereas refugees by definition flee to seek sanctuary, combatants who cross inter\u00ad national borders may have a range of motives for doing so \u2014 to launch cross\u00adborder attacks, to escape from the heat of battle before re\u00ad grouping to fight, to desert permanently, to seek refuge, to bring family members and other dependants to safety, to find food, etc. Their reasons for moving with civilians may be varied \u2014 not only to protect and assist their dependants, but also sometimes to ex\u00ad ploit civilians as human shields and to prevent voluntary repatriation, to use refugee camps as a place for rest and recuperation between attacks or as a recruiting and\/or training ground, and to divert humanitarian assistance for military purposes. Civilians may be supportive of or intimidated by combatants. The presence of combatants and militarized camps close to border areas may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisals and risk a spillover of the conflict. Host countries may also have their own reasons for sheltering foreign combatants, since complete neutrality is probably rare in today\u2019s conflicts, and in addition there may be a lack of political will and capacity to prevent foreign combatants from entering a neighbouring country. In their responses to mixed cross\u00ad border population movements, the international community should take into account these complexities.Experience has shown that DDR processes directed at nationals of a specific country in isolation have failed to adequately deal with the problems of combatants being recycled from conflict to conflict within (and sometimes even outside) a region, and with the spillover effects of such wars. In addition, the failure of host countries to identify, disarm and separate foreign combatants from refugee populations has contributed to endless cycles of security problems, including militarization of and attacks on refugee camps and settlements, xeno\u00ad phobia, and failure to maintain asylum for refugees. These issues compromise the neutrality of aid work and pose a security threat to the host State and surrounding countries.The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians therefore require a stronger and more consistent cross\u00adborder focus, involving both host countries and countries of origin and benefiting both national and foreign combatants. This dimension has increasingly been recognized by the UN in its recent peacekeeping operations.1", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1249, "Sentence":"These issues compromise the neutrality of aid work and pose a security threat to the host State and surrounding countries.The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians therefore require a stronger and more consistent cross\u00adborder focus, involving both host countries and countries of origin and benefiting both national and foreign combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements issue compromise neutrality aid work pose security threat host state surrounding countries.the disarmament demobilization rehabilitation reintegration repatriation com\u00ad batants associated civilian therefore require stronger consistent cross\u00adborder focus involving host country country origin benefiting national foreign combatant ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"5. The context of regional conflicts and cross-border population movements", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"Forced displacement is mainly caused by the insecurity of armed conflict. Conflicts that cause refugee movements across international borders by definition involve neighbouring States, and thus have regional security implications. As is evident in recent conflicts in Africa in particular, the lines of conflict frequently run across State boundaries, because they are being fought by people with ethnic, cultural, political and military ties that are not confined to one country. The mixed movements of populations that result are very complex and involve not only refugees, but also combatants and civilians associated with armed groups and forces, including family members and other dependants, cross\u00adborder abductees, etc.The often\u00adinterconnected nature of conflicts within a region, recruitment (both forced and voluntary) across borders and the \u2018recycling\u2019 of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region has meant that not only nationals of a country at war, but also foreign com\u00ad batants may be involved in the struggle. When wars come to an end, it is not only refugees who are in need of repatriation and reintegration, but also foreign combatants and associated civilians. DDR programmes need to be regional in scope in order to deal with this reality. Enormous complexities are involved in managing mass influxes and mixed population movements of combatants and civilians. Combatants\u2019 status may not be obvious, as many arrive without weapons and in civilian clothes. At the same time, however, especially in societies where there are large numbers of weapons, not everyone who arrives with a weap\u00ad on is a combatant or can be presumed to be a combatant (refugee influxes usually include young males and females escaping from forced recruitment). The sheer size of population movements can be overwhelming, sometimes making it impossible to carry out any screen\u00ading of arrivals.Whereas refugees by definition flee to seek sanctuary, combatants who cross inter\u00ad national borders may have a range of motives for doing so \u2014 to launch cross\u00adborder attacks, to escape from the heat of battle before re\u00ad grouping to fight, to desert permanently, to seek refuge, to bring family members and other dependants to safety, to find food, etc. Their reasons for moving with civilians may be varied \u2014 not only to protect and assist their dependants, but also sometimes to ex\u00ad ploit civilians as human shields and to prevent voluntary repatriation, to use refugee camps as a place for rest and recuperation between attacks or as a recruiting and\/or training ground, and to divert humanitarian assistance for military purposes. Civilians may be supportive of or intimidated by combatants. The presence of combatants and militarized camps close to border areas may provoke cross\u00ad border reprisals and risk a spillover of the conflict. Host countries may also have their own reasons for sheltering foreign combatants, since complete neutrality is probably rare in today\u2019s conflicts, and in addition there may be a lack of political will and capacity to prevent foreign combatants from entering a neighbouring country. In their responses to mixed cross\u00ad border population movements, the international community should take into account these complexities.Experience has shown that DDR processes directed at nationals of a specific country in isolation have failed to adequately deal with the problems of combatants being recycled from conflict to conflict within (and sometimes even outside) a region, and with the spillover effects of such wars. In addition, the failure of host countries to identify, disarm and separate foreign combatants from refugee populations has contributed to endless cycles of security problems, including militarization of and attacks on refugee camps and settlements, xeno\u00ad phobia, and failure to maintain asylum for refugees. These issues compromise the neutrality of aid work and pose a security threat to the host State and surrounding countries.The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, reintegration and repatriation of com\u00ad batants and associated civilians therefore require a stronger and more consistent cross\u00adborder focus, involving both host countries and countries of origin and benefiting both national and foreign combatants. This dimension has increasingly been recognized by the UN in its recent peacekeeping operations.1", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1249, "Sentence":"This dimension has increasingly been recognized by the UN in its recent peacekeeping operations.1", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements dimension increasingly recognized un recent peacekeeping operations.1" }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International law lays down obligations for host countries with regard to foreign combatants and associated civilians who cross their borders. This framework is derived from the laws of neutrality, international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, as well as international principles governing the conduct of inter\u00adState relations. These different areas of law provide grounds for the identification and separation of foreign combatants from civilians who cross an international border, as well as for the disarmament and internment of foreign combatants until either they can be repatriated or another course of action can be found at the end of the conflict.As long as a host country fulfils its obligations under international law, it may also rely on its national law: e.g., the criminal law can be used to prosecute cross\u00adborder combatants in order to protect national security, prevent subversive activities, and deal with illegal arms possession and forced recruitment.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1250, "Sentence":"International law lays down obligations for host countries with regard to foreign combatants and associated civilians who cross their borders.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements international law lay obligation host country regard foreign combatant associated civilian cross border ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International law lays down obligations for host countries with regard to foreign combatants and associated civilians who cross their borders. This framework is derived from the laws of neutrality, international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, as well as international principles governing the conduct of inter\u00adState relations. These different areas of law provide grounds for the identification and separation of foreign combatants from civilians who cross an international border, as well as for the disarmament and internment of foreign combatants until either they can be repatriated or another course of action can be found at the end of the conflict.As long as a host country fulfils its obligations under international law, it may also rely on its national law: e.g., the criminal law can be used to prosecute cross\u00adborder combatants in order to protect national security, prevent subversive activities, and deal with illegal arms possession and forced recruitment.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1250, "Sentence":"This framework is derived from the laws of neutrality, international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, as well as international principles governing the conduct of inter\u00adState relations.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements framework derived law neutrality international humanitarian law human right law refugee law well international principle governing conduct inter\u00adstate relation ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"International law lays down obligations for host countries with regard to foreign combatants and associated civilians who cross their borders. This framework is derived from the laws of neutrality, international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law, as well as international principles governing the conduct of inter\u00adState relations. These different areas of law provide grounds for the identification and separation of foreign combatants from civilians who cross an international border, as well as for the disarmament and internment of foreign combatants until either they can be repatriated or another course of action can be found at the end of the conflict.As long as a host country fulfils its obligations under international law, it may also rely on its national law: e.g., the criminal law can be used to prosecute cross\u00adborder combatants in order to protect national security, prevent subversive activities, and deal with illegal arms possession and forced recruitment.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1250, "Sentence":"These different areas of law provide grounds for the identification and separation of foreign combatants from civilians who cross an international border, as well as for the disarmament and internment of foreign combatants until either they can be repatriated or another course of action can be found at the end of the conflict.As long as a host country fulfils its obligations under international law, it may also rely on its national law: e.g., the criminal law can be used to prosecute cross\u00adborder combatants in order to protect national security, prevent subversive activities, and deal with illegal arms possession and forced recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements different area law provide ground identification separation foreign combatant civilian cross international border well disarmament internment foreign combatant either repatriated another course action found end conflict.as long host country fulfils obligation international law may also rely national law e.g . criminal law used prosecute cross\u00adborder combatant order protect national security prevent subversive activity deal illegal arm possession forced recruitment ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Under Article 2(4) of the Charter of the UN, States have an obligation to \u201crefrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations\u201d (this is regarded as customary international law binding on all States). This article should be read and interpreted within the wider spirit of the Charter, and parti\u00ad cularly article 1, which includes among the aims of the UN the maintenance of international peace and security, the development of friendly relations among nations and the resolution of international problems. Therefore, in addition to refraining from actions that might endanger peace and security, States also have a duty to take steps to strengthen peace and encourage friendly relations with others. Article 2(4) provides the foundation for the premise that States have an obligation to disarm, separate and intern foreign combatants.UN General Assembly resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970, which adopted the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Coop\u00ad eration among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, prohibits the indirect use of armed force, through assisting, encouraging or tolerating armed activities against another State by irregular forces, armed bands or individuals, whether nationals or foreigners.2", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1251, "Sentence":"Under Article 2(4) of the Charter of the UN, States have an obligation to \u201crefrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations\u201d (this is regarded as customary international law binding on all States).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements article 24 charter un state obligation \u201c refrain international relation threat use force territorial integrity political independence state manner inconsistent purpose united nation \u201d regarded customary international law binding state ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Under Article 2(4) of the Charter of the UN, States have an obligation to \u201crefrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations\u201d (this is regarded as customary international law binding on all States). This article should be read and interpreted within the wider spirit of the Charter, and parti\u00ad cularly article 1, which includes among the aims of the UN the maintenance of international peace and security, the development of friendly relations among nations and the resolution of international problems. Therefore, in addition to refraining from actions that might endanger peace and security, States also have a duty to take steps to strengthen peace and encourage friendly relations with others. Article 2(4) provides the foundation for the premise that States have an obligation to disarm, separate and intern foreign combatants.UN General Assembly resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970, which adopted the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Coop\u00ad eration among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, prohibits the indirect use of armed force, through assisting, encouraging or tolerating armed activities against another State by irregular forces, armed bands or individuals, whether nationals or foreigners.2", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1251, "Sentence":"This article should be read and interpreted within the wider spirit of the Charter, and parti\u00ad cularly article 1, which includes among the aims of the UN the maintenance of international peace and security, the development of friendly relations among nations and the resolution of international problems.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements article read interpreted within wider spirit charter parti\u00ad cularly article 1 includes among aim un maintenance international peace security development friendly relation among nation resolution international problem ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Under Article 2(4) of the Charter of the UN, States have an obligation to \u201crefrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations\u201d (this is regarded as customary international law binding on all States). This article should be read and interpreted within the wider spirit of the Charter, and parti\u00ad cularly article 1, which includes among the aims of the UN the maintenance of international peace and security, the development of friendly relations among nations and the resolution of international problems. Therefore, in addition to refraining from actions that might endanger peace and security, States also have a duty to take steps to strengthen peace and encourage friendly relations with others. Article 2(4) provides the foundation for the premise that States have an obligation to disarm, separate and intern foreign combatants.UN General Assembly resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970, which adopted the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Coop\u00ad eration among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, prohibits the indirect use of armed force, through assisting, encouraging or tolerating armed activities against another State by irregular forces, armed bands or individuals, whether nationals or foreigners.2", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1251, "Sentence":"Therefore, in addition to refraining from actions that might endanger peace and security, States also have a duty to take steps to strengthen peace and encourage friendly relations with others.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements therefore addition refraining action might endanger peace security state also duty take step strengthen peace encourage friendly relation others ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Under Article 2(4) of the Charter of the UN, States have an obligation to \u201crefrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations\u201d (this is regarded as customary international law binding on all States). This article should be read and interpreted within the wider spirit of the Charter, and parti\u00ad cularly article 1, which includes among the aims of the UN the maintenance of international peace and security, the development of friendly relations among nations and the resolution of international problems. Therefore, in addition to refraining from actions that might endanger peace and security, States also have a duty to take steps to strengthen peace and encourage friendly relations with others. Article 2(4) provides the foundation for the premise that States have an obligation to disarm, separate and intern foreign combatants.UN General Assembly resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970, which adopted the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Coop\u00ad eration among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, prohibits the indirect use of armed force, through assisting, encouraging or tolerating armed activities against another State by irregular forces, armed bands or individuals, whether nationals or foreigners.2", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1251, "Sentence":"Article 2(4) provides the foundation for the premise that States have an obligation to disarm, separate and intern foreign combatants.UN General Assembly resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970, which adopted the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Coop\u00ad eration among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, prohibits the indirect use of armed force, through assisting, encouraging or tolerating armed activities against another State by irregular forces, armed bands or individuals, whether nationals or foreigners.2", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements article 24 provides foundation premise state obligation disarm separate intern foreign combatants.un general assembly resolution 2625 xxv 24 october 1970 adopted declaration principle international law concerning friendly relation coop\u00ad eration among state accordance charter united nation prohibits indirect use armed force assisting encouraging tolerating armed activity another state irregular force armed band individual whether national foreigners.2" }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.2. The law of neutrality", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The law of neutrality requires neutral States to disarm foreign combatants, separate them from civilian populations, intern them at a safe distance from the conflict zone and pro\u00ad vide humane treatment until the end of the war, in order to ensure that they no longer pose a threat or continue to engage in hostilities. Neutral States are also required to provide such interned combatants with humane treatment and conditions of internment.The Hague Convention of 1907 dealing with the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, which is considered to have attained customary law status, making it binding on all States, sets out the rules governing the conduct of neutral States. Although it relates to international armed conflicts, it is generally accepted as appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which foreign combatants from govern\u00ad ment armed forces or opposition armed groups have entered the territory of a neutral State. It contains an obligation to intern such combatants, as is described in detail in section 7.3.7 of this module.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1252, "Sentence":"The law of neutrality requires neutral States to disarm foreign combatants, separate them from civilian populations, intern them at a safe distance from the conflict zone and pro\u00ad vide humane treatment until the end of the war, in order to ensure that they no longer pose a threat or continue to engage in hostilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements law neutrality requires neutral state disarm foreign combatant separate civilian population intern safe distance conflict zone pro\u00ad vide humane treatment end war order ensure longer pose threat continue engage hostility ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.2. The law of neutrality", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The law of neutrality requires neutral States to disarm foreign combatants, separate them from civilian populations, intern them at a safe distance from the conflict zone and pro\u00ad vide humane treatment until the end of the war, in order to ensure that they no longer pose a threat or continue to engage in hostilities. Neutral States are also required to provide such interned combatants with humane treatment and conditions of internment.The Hague Convention of 1907 dealing with the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, which is considered to have attained customary law status, making it binding on all States, sets out the rules governing the conduct of neutral States. Although it relates to international armed conflicts, it is generally accepted as appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which foreign combatants from govern\u00ad ment armed forces or opposition armed groups have entered the territory of a neutral State. It contains an obligation to intern such combatants, as is described in detail in section 7.3.7 of this module.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1252, "Sentence":"Neutral States are also required to provide such interned combatants with humane treatment and conditions of internment.The Hague Convention of 1907 dealing with the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, which is considered to have attained customary law status, making it binding on all States, sets out the rules governing the conduct of neutral States.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements neutral state also required provide interned combatant humane treatment condition internment.the hague convention 1907 dealing right duty neutral power person case war land considered attained customary law status making binding state set rule governing conduct neutral state ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.2. The law of neutrality", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The law of neutrality requires neutral States to disarm foreign combatants, separate them from civilian populations, intern them at a safe distance from the conflict zone and pro\u00ad vide humane treatment until the end of the war, in order to ensure that they no longer pose a threat or continue to engage in hostilities. Neutral States are also required to provide such interned combatants with humane treatment and conditions of internment.The Hague Convention of 1907 dealing with the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, which is considered to have attained customary law status, making it binding on all States, sets out the rules governing the conduct of neutral States. Although it relates to international armed conflicts, it is generally accepted as appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which foreign combatants from govern\u00ad ment armed forces or opposition armed groups have entered the territory of a neutral State. It contains an obligation to intern such combatants, as is described in detail in section 7.3.7 of this module.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1252, "Sentence":"Although it relates to international armed conflicts, it is generally accepted as appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which foreign combatants from govern\u00ad ment armed forces or opposition armed groups have entered the territory of a neutral State.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements although relates international armed conflict generally accepted appli\u00ad cable analogy also internal armed conflict foreign combatant govern\u00ad ment armed force opposition armed group entered territory neutral state ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.2. The law of neutrality", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The law of neutrality requires neutral States to disarm foreign combatants, separate them from civilian populations, intern them at a safe distance from the conflict zone and pro\u00ad vide humane treatment until the end of the war, in order to ensure that they no longer pose a threat or continue to engage in hostilities. Neutral States are also required to provide such interned combatants with humane treatment and conditions of internment.The Hague Convention of 1907 dealing with the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, which is considered to have attained customary law status, making it binding on all States, sets out the rules governing the conduct of neutral States. Although it relates to international armed conflicts, it is generally accepted as appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which foreign combatants from govern\u00ad ment armed forces or opposition armed groups have entered the territory of a neutral State. It contains an obligation to intern such combatants, as is described in detail in section 7.3.7 of this module.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1252, "Sentence":"It contains an obligation to intern such combatants, as is described in detail in section 7.3.7 of this module.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements contains obligation intern combatant described detail section 7.3.7 module ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.3. International humanitarian law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In accordance with article 4(B)2 of the Third Geneva Convention of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, foreign combatants interned by neutral States are entitled to treatment and conditions of internment given to prisoners of war under the Convention.Additional Protocol II, relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts, provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part or who have ceased to take part in hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted.These standards are discussed in section 7.3.7 of this paper dealing with the internment of adult foreign combatants.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1253, "Sentence":"In accordance with article 4(B)2 of the Third Geneva Convention of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, foreign combatants interned by neutral States are entitled to treatment and conditions of internment given to prisoners of war under the Convention.Additional Protocol II, relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts, provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part or who have ceased to take part in hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted.These standards are discussed in section 7.3.7 of this paper dealing with the internment of adult foreign combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements accordance article 4b2 third geneva convention 1949 relative treatment prisoner war foreign combatant interned neutral state entitled treatment condition internment given prisoner war convention.additional protocol ii relating protection victim non\u00adinternational armed conflict provides part ii humane non\u00addiscriminatory treatment take direct part ceased take part hostility whether liberty restricted.these standard discussed section 7.3.7 paper dealing internment adult foreign combatant ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.4. Human rights law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The 1984 UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment contains a broad non\u00adrefoulement provision, which states that: \u201cNo State shall expel, return (\u2018refouler\u2019) or extradite a person to another State where there are sub\u00ad stantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subjected to torture\u201d (art. 3[1]). As there are no exceptions to this non\u00adrefoulement provision, foreign combatants may benefit from this prohibition against forcible return to a country of origin in situations where there are grounds to believe that they would be at risk of torture if returned. \u201cFor the purposes of determining whether there are such grounds, the competent authorities shall take into account all relevant considerations including, where applicable, the existence in the State concerned of a consistent pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violation of human rights\u201d (art. 3[2]).Several UN and regional conventions protect children caught up in armed conflict, in\u00ad cluding the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the 2000 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Con\u00adflict (for details, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).International law standards on detention are relevant to internment of foreign com\u00ad batants, e.g., the Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons Under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment,3 UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners,4 and the Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners.5", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1254, "Sentence":"The 1984 UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment contains a broad non\u00adrefoulement provision, which states that: \u201cNo State shall expel, return (\u2018refouler\u2019) or extradite a person to another State where there are sub\u00ad stantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subjected to torture\u201d (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 1984 un convention torture cruel inhuman degrading treatment punishment contains broad non\u00adrefoulement provision state \u201c state shall expel return \u2018 refouler \u2019 extradite person another state sub\u00ad stantial ground believing would danger subjected torture \u201d art ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.4. Human rights law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The 1984 UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment contains a broad non\u00adrefoulement provision, which states that: \u201cNo State shall expel, return (\u2018refouler\u2019) or extradite a person to another State where there are sub\u00ad stantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subjected to torture\u201d (art. 3[1]). As there are no exceptions to this non\u00adrefoulement provision, foreign combatants may benefit from this prohibition against forcible return to a country of origin in situations where there are grounds to believe that they would be at risk of torture if returned. \u201cFor the purposes of determining whether there are such grounds, the competent authorities shall take into account all relevant considerations including, where applicable, the existence in the State concerned of a consistent pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violation of human rights\u201d (art. 3[2]).Several UN and regional conventions protect children caught up in armed conflict, in\u00ad cluding the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the 2000 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Con\u00adflict (for details, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).International law standards on detention are relevant to internment of foreign com\u00ad batants, e.g., the Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons Under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment,3 UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners,4 and the Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners.5", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1254, "Sentence":"3[1]).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 31 ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.4. Human rights law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The 1984 UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment contains a broad non\u00adrefoulement provision, which states that: \u201cNo State shall expel, return (\u2018refouler\u2019) or extradite a person to another State where there are sub\u00ad stantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subjected to torture\u201d (art. 3[1]). As there are no exceptions to this non\u00adrefoulement provision, foreign combatants may benefit from this prohibition against forcible return to a country of origin in situations where there are grounds to believe that they would be at risk of torture if returned. \u201cFor the purposes of determining whether there are such grounds, the competent authorities shall take into account all relevant considerations including, where applicable, the existence in the State concerned of a consistent pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violation of human rights\u201d (art. 3[2]).Several UN and regional conventions protect children caught up in armed conflict, in\u00ad cluding the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the 2000 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Con\u00adflict (for details, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).International law standards on detention are relevant to internment of foreign com\u00ad batants, e.g., the Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons Under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment,3 UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners,4 and the Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners.5", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1254, "Sentence":"As there are no exceptions to this non\u00adrefoulement provision, foreign combatants may benefit from this prohibition against forcible return to a country of origin in situations where there are grounds to believe that they would be at risk of torture if returned.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements exception non\u00adrefoulement provision foreign combatant may benefit prohibition forcible return country origin situation ground believe would risk torture returned ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.4. Human rights law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The 1984 UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment contains a broad non\u00adrefoulement provision, which states that: \u201cNo State shall expel, return (\u2018refouler\u2019) or extradite a person to another State where there are sub\u00ad stantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subjected to torture\u201d (art. 3[1]). As there are no exceptions to this non\u00adrefoulement provision, foreign combatants may benefit from this prohibition against forcible return to a country of origin in situations where there are grounds to believe that they would be at risk of torture if returned. \u201cFor the purposes of determining whether there are such grounds, the competent authorities shall take into account all relevant considerations including, where applicable, the existence in the State concerned of a consistent pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violation of human rights\u201d (art. 3[2]).Several UN and regional conventions protect children caught up in armed conflict, in\u00ad cluding the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the 2000 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Con\u00adflict (for details, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).International law standards on detention are relevant to internment of foreign com\u00ad batants, e.g., the Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons Under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment,3 UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners,4 and the Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners.5", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1254, "Sentence":"\u201cFor the purposes of determining whether there are such grounds, the competent authorities shall take into account all relevant considerations including, where applicable, the existence in the State concerned of a consistent pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violation of human rights\u201d (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements \u201c purpose determining whether ground competent authority shall take account relevant consideration including applicable existence state concerned consistent pattern gross flagrant mass violation human right \u201d art ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.4. Human rights law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The 1984 UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment contains a broad non\u00adrefoulement provision, which states that: \u201cNo State shall expel, return (\u2018refouler\u2019) or extradite a person to another State where there are sub\u00ad stantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subjected to torture\u201d (art. 3[1]). As there are no exceptions to this non\u00adrefoulement provision, foreign combatants may benefit from this prohibition against forcible return to a country of origin in situations where there are grounds to believe that they would be at risk of torture if returned. \u201cFor the purposes of determining whether there are such grounds, the competent authorities shall take into account all relevant considerations including, where applicable, the existence in the State concerned of a consistent pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violation of human rights\u201d (art. 3[2]).Several UN and regional conventions protect children caught up in armed conflict, in\u00ad cluding the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the 2000 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Con\u00adflict (for details, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).International law standards on detention are relevant to internment of foreign com\u00ad batants, e.g., the Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons Under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment,3 UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners,4 and the Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners.5", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1254, "Sentence":"3[2]).Several UN and regional conventions protect children caught up in armed conflict, in\u00ad cluding the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the 2000 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Con\u00adflict (for details, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).International law standards on detention are relevant to internment of foreign com\u00ad batants, e.g., the Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons Under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment,3 UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners,4 and the Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners.5", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 32.several un regional convention protect child caught armed conflict in\u00ad cluding 1989 un convention right child 2000 optional protocol convention right child involvement child armed con\u00adflict detail see iddrs 5.30 child ddr.international law standard detention relevant internment foreign com\u00ad batants e.g . body principle protection person form detention imprisonment3 un standard minimum rule treatment prisoners4 basic principle treatment prisoners.5" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.5. Refugee law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition. The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art. 1[2]). This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d. Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions. These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees. The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention). However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art. 33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country. It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants. Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d. Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries. Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries. Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements. Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions. The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] . . . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems. A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1255, "Sentence":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements refugee defined 1951 un convention 1967 protocol relating status refugee person n outside his\/her country origin n well\u00adfounded fear persecution race religion nationality member\u00ad ship particular social group political opinion n unable unwilling avail him\u00ad\/herself protection country return owing well\u00adfounded fear persecution.later regional instrument extended definition ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.5. Refugee law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition. The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art. 1[2]). This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d. Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions. These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees. The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention). However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art. 33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country. It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants. Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d. Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries. Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries. Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements. Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions. The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] . . . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems. A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1255, "Sentence":"The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 1969 organization african unity oau convention governing specific aspect refugee problem africa repeat 1951 convention \u2019 definition refugee also cover person \u201c owing external aggression occupation foreign domination event seriously disturbing public order either part whole country origin nationality compelled leave place habitual residence order seek refuge another place outside country origin nationality \u201d art ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.5. Refugee law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition. The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art. 1[2]). This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d. Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions. These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees. The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention). However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art. 33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country. It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants. Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d. Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries. Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries. Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements. Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions. The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] . . . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems. A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1255, "Sentence":"1[2]).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 12 ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.5. Refugee law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition. The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art. 1[2]). This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d. Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions. These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees. The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention). However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art. 33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country. It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants. Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d. Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries. Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries. Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements. Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions. The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] . . . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems. A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1255, "Sentence":"This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements mean africa person fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances widespread violence war entitled refugee status state party oau convention whether well\u00adfounded fear persecution ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.5. Refugee law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition. The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art. 1[2]). This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d. Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions. These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees. The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention). However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art. 33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country. It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants. Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d. Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries. Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries. Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements. Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions. The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] . . . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems. A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1255, "Sentence":"In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements latin america cartagena declaration 1984 although binding recommends definition refugee used region include addition fitting 1951 convention definition person fled country \u201c life safety freedom threatened generalized violence foreign aggression internal conflict massive violation human right circumstance seriously disturbed public order \u201d ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.5. Refugee law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition. The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art. 1[2]). This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d. Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions. These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees. The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention). However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art. 33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country. It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants. Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d. Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries. Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries. Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements. Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions. The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] . . . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems. A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1255, "Sentence":"Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements latin american state incorporated definition national legislation.the 1951 convention \u2014 also 1969 oau convention \u2014 explicitly defines deserve international protection refugee even meet defi\u00ad nitions ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.5. Refugee law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition. The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art. 1[2]). This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d. Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions. These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees. The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention). However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art. 33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country. It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants. Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d. Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries. Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries. Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements. Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions. The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] . . . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems. A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1255, "Sentence":"These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements exclusion clause particularly relevant case former combatant committed crime humanity war crime etc . discussed detail section 13.3.4.the instrument refugee law set range obligation state party well right duty refugee ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.5. Refugee law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition. The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art. 1[2]). This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d. Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions. These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees. The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention). However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art. 33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country. It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants. Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d. Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries. Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries. Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements. Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions. The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] . . . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems. A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1255, "Sentence":"The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements fundamental obligation country asylum \u201c expel return \u2018 refouler \u2019 refugee manner whatsoever frontier territory life freedom would threatened account race religion nationality membership particular social group political opinion \u201d art.e 331 1951 un convention ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.5. Refugee law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition. The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art. 1[2]). This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d. Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions. These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees. The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention). However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art. 33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country. It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants. Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d. Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries. Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries. Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements. Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions. The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] . . . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems. A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1255, "Sentence":"However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements however exception rule permitting return country origin case \u201c refugee reasonable ground regarding danger security country convicted final judg\u00ad ment particularly serious crime constitutes danger community country \u201d art ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.5. Refugee law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition. The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art. 1[2]). This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d. Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions. These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees. The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention). However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art. 33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country. It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants. Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d. Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries. Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries. Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements. Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions. The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] . . . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems. A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1255, "Sentence":"33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 332.while humanitarian character asylum implicit 1951 un convention definition refugee describes victim serious human right violation pro\u00ad vides obligation refugee obey law public order measure host country ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.5. Refugee law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition. The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art. 1[2]). This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d. Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions. These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees. The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention). However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art. 33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country. It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants. Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d. Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries. Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries. Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements. Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions. The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] . . . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems. A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1255, "Sentence":"It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements however deal explicitly issue relating combatant ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.5. Refugee law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition. The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art. 1[2]). This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d. Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions. These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees. The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention). However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art. 33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country. It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants. Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d. Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries. Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries. Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements. Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions. The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] . . . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems. A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1255, "Sentence":"Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements neverthe\u00ad le principle relating humanitarian civilian character asylum developed oau refugee convention recommendation unhcr \u2019 executive committee governing body representative state reaffirmed un general assembly.the oau convention specifies \u201c grant asylum refugee peaceful humanitarian act shall regarded unfriendly act member state \u201d highlight need make \u201c distinction refugee seek peaceful normal life person fleeing country sole purpose fomenting subver\u00ad sion outside \u201d \u201c determined activity subversive discouraged accordance declaration problem subversion reso\u00ad lution problem refugee adopted accra 1965 \u201d ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.5. Refugee law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition. The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art. 1[2]). This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d. Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions. These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees. The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention). However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art. 33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country. It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants. Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d. Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries. Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries. Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements. Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions. The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] . . . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems. A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1255, "Sentence":"Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements article iii oau convention refugee duty obey law country asylum must also abstain subversive activity country ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.5. Refugee law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition. The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art. 1[2]). This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d. Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions. These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees. The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention). However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art. 33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country. It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants. Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d. Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries. Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries. Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements. Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions. The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] . . . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems. A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1255, "Sentence":"Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements party oau convention undertake prohibit refugee residing country attacking country activity likely cause tension country ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.5. Refugee law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition. The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art. 1[2]). This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d. Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions. These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees. The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention). However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art. 33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country. It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants. Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d. Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries. Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries. Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements. Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions. The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] . . . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems. A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1255, "Sentence":"Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements article ii country asylum obligation \u201c far possible settle refugee reasonable distance frontier country origin \u201d .the unhcr executive committee formulated number conclusion providing guidance protection mixed population movement ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.5. Refugee law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition. The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art. 1[2]). This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d. Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions. These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees. The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention). However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art. 33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country. It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants. Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d. Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries. Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries. Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements. Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions. The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] . . . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems. A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1255, "Sentence":"Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements conclusion 94 preserving humanitarian civilian character asylum attached annex c. recommends among thing state receiving influx refugee combatant take measure early possible n disarm armed element n identify separate combatant refugee population n intern combatants.these recommendation reaffirmed various un general assembly resolution ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.5. Refugee law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition. The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art. 1[2]). This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d. Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions. These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees. The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention). However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art. 33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country. It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants. Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d. Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries. Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries. Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements. Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions. The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] . . . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems. A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1255, "Sentence":"The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] .", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements general assembly \u201c urged state uphold civilian humanitarian character refugee camp settlement consistent international law inter alia effec\u00ad tive measure prevent infiltration armed element identify separate armed element refugee population settle refugee safe location possible away border ensure prompt unhindered access humanitarian personnel \u201d .6 general assembly also \u201c welcomed increased atten\u00ad tion given united nation problem refugee camp security including development operational guideline separation armed element refugee population \u201d .7 report general assembly unhcr executive committee recommended international community \u201c mobilize ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.5. Refugee law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition. The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art. 1[2]). This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d. Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions. These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees. The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention). However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art. 33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country. It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants. Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d. Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries. Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries. Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements. Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions. The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] . . . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems. A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1255, "Sentence":". . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements . . adequate resource support assist host state maintaining civilian humanitarian character asylum including particular disarmament armed element identification separation internment combatant \u201d .8the exclusively civilian humanitarian character asylum serf several purpose reduces potential tension country asylum origin provides refugee better protection allows identification separation armed element help deal internal external security problem ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"6. International law framework governing cross-border movements of foreign combatants and associated civilians", "Heading2":"6.5. Refugee law", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n is outside his\/her country of origin; \\n has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; \\n is unable or unwilling to avail him\u00ad\/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, owing to the well\u00adfounded fear of persecution.Later regional instruments extended this definition. The 1969 Organization of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa repeats the 1951 Convention\u2019s definition of a refugee, but also covers any person who, \u201cowing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality\u201d (art. 1[2]). This means that in Africa, persons fleeing civil distur\u00ad bances, widespread violence and war are entitled to refugee status in States parties to the OAU Convention, whether or not they have a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition of a refugee used in the region should include, in addition to those fitting the 1951 Convention definition, persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d. Some Latin American States have incorporated this definition into their national legislation.The 1951 Convention \u2014 and also the 1969 OAU Convention \u2014 explicitly defines those who do not deserve international protection as refugees, even if they meet the above defi\u00ad nitions. These exclusion clauses are particularly relevant in the case of former combatants who have committed crimes against humanity, war crimes, etc., and are discussed in more detail in section 13.3.4.The instruments of refugee law set out a range of obligations of States parties, as well as rights and duties of refugees. The fundamental obligation of a country of asylum is not to \u201cexpel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion\u201d (art.e 33[1] of the 1951 UN Convention). However, there is an exception to this rule, permitting return to the country of origin in the case of \u201ca refugee whom there are reasonable grounds for regarding as a danger to the security of the country in which he is, or who, having been convicted by a final judg\u00ad ment of a particularly serious crime, constitutes a danger to the community of that country\u201d (art. 33[2]).While the humanitarian character of asylum is implicit in the 1951 UN Convention, its definition of a refugee describes a victim of serious human rights violations, and it pro\u00ad vides an obligation for refugees to obey the laws and public order measures of the host country. It does not, however, deal explicitly with issues relating to combatants. Neverthe\u00ad less, principles relating to the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum have been developed in the OAU Refugee Convention and in recommendations of UNHCR\u2019s Executive Committee (the governing body of representatives of States) and have been reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly.The OAU Convention specifies that \u201cthe grant of asylum to refugees is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act by any Member State\u201d and highlights the need to make \u201ca distinction between a refugee who seeks a peaceful and normal life and a person fleeing his country for the sole purpose of fomenting subver\u00ad sion from outside\u201d and to be \u201cdetermined that the activities of such subversives should be discouraged, in accordance with the Declaration on the Problem of Subversion and Reso\u00ad lution of the Problem of Refugees adopted in Accra in 1965\u201d. Under article III of the OAU Convention, refugees not only have a duty to obey the laws of the country of asylum, but must also abstain from subversive activities against other countries. Parties to the OAU Convention undertake to prohibit refugees residing in their countries from attacking other countries, by any activities likely to cause tensions with other countries. Under article II, countries of asylum have an obligation \u201cas far as possible [to] settle refugees at a reasonable distance from the frontier of their country of origin\u201d.The UNHCR Executive Committee has formulated a number of conclusions, providing guidance for protection during mixed population movements. Conclusion 94 on preserving the humanitarian and civilian character of asylum is attached as Annex C. It recommends, among other things, that States receiving influxes of refugees and combatants should take measures as early as possible to: \\n disarm armed elements; \\n identify and separate combatants from the refugee population; \\n intern combatants.These recommendations are reaffirmed in various UN General Assembly resolutions. The General Assembly has \u201curge[d] States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, consistent with international law, inter alia, through effec\u00ad tive measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees at safe locations, where possible away from the border, and to ensure prompt and unhindered access to them by humanitarian personnel\u201d.6 The General Assembly has also \u201cwelcom[ed] the increased atten\u00ad tion being given by the United Nations to the problem of refugee camp security, including through the development of operational guidelines on the separation of armed elements from refugee populations\u201d.7 In a report to the General Assembly, the UNHCR Executive Committee has recommended that the international community \u201cmobiliz[e] . . . adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, including in particular through disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants\u201d.8The exclusively civilian and humanitarian character of asylum serves several purposes: it reduces potential tensions between countries of asylum and origin; it provides refugees with better protection; it allows the identification and separation of armed elements; and it helps to deal with internal and external security problems. A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1255, "Sentence":"A foreigner planning or carrying out military\u00adrelated activities in the host country is therefore not a refugee, and the host country must prevent foreign armed elements from using its territory to attack another State and prevent genuine refugees from joining them.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements foreigner planning carrying military\u00adrelated activity host country therefore refugee host country must prevent foreign armed element using territory attack another state prevent genuine refugee joining ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.1. Context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The varying reasons for the arrival of foreign combatants in a host country, as well as whether or not that country is involved in armed conflict, will be among the factors that determine the response of the host country and that of the international community. For example, foreign combatants may enter a country directly involved in armed conflict; they may be in a country that is a neutral neighbouring State; or they may be in a non\u00adneutral country not directly involved in the conflict. Host countries may have political sympathies or State interests with regard to one of the parties to a conflict, and this may affect their policies or responses to influxes of combatants mixed in with refugees. Even if the host country is not neutral, international agencies should highlight the benefits to the host country and the region of complying with the international law framework described above. Awareness\u00adraising, training and ad\u00ad vocacy efforts, as well as individual country strategies to deal with issues of State capacity, cooperation and compliance with interna\u00ad tional obligations and recommended actions, should be carried out.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1256, "Sentence":"The varying reasons for the arrival of foreign combatants in a host country, as well as whether or not that country is involved in armed conflict, will be among the factors that determine the response of the host country and that of the international community.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements varying reason arrival foreign combatant host country well whether country involved armed conflict among factor determine response host country international community ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.1. Context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The varying reasons for the arrival of foreign combatants in a host country, as well as whether or not that country is involved in armed conflict, will be among the factors that determine the response of the host country and that of the international community. For example, foreign combatants may enter a country directly involved in armed conflict; they may be in a country that is a neutral neighbouring State; or they may be in a non\u00adneutral country not directly involved in the conflict. Host countries may have political sympathies or State interests with regard to one of the parties to a conflict, and this may affect their policies or responses to influxes of combatants mixed in with refugees. Even if the host country is not neutral, international agencies should highlight the benefits to the host country and the region of complying with the international law framework described above. Awareness\u00adraising, training and ad\u00ad vocacy efforts, as well as individual country strategies to deal with issues of State capacity, cooperation and compliance with interna\u00ad tional obligations and recommended actions, should be carried out.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1256, "Sentence":"For example, foreign combatants may enter a country directly involved in armed conflict; they may be in a country that is a neutral neighbouring State; or they may be in a non\u00adneutral country not directly involved in the conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements example foreign combatant may enter country directly involved armed conflict may country neutral neighbouring state may non\u00adneutral country directly involved conflict ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.1. Context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The varying reasons for the arrival of foreign combatants in a host country, as well as whether or not that country is involved in armed conflict, will be among the factors that determine the response of the host country and that of the international community. For example, foreign combatants may enter a country directly involved in armed conflict; they may be in a country that is a neutral neighbouring State; or they may be in a non\u00adneutral country not directly involved in the conflict. Host countries may have political sympathies or State interests with regard to one of the parties to a conflict, and this may affect their policies or responses to influxes of combatants mixed in with refugees. Even if the host country is not neutral, international agencies should highlight the benefits to the host country and the region of complying with the international law framework described above. Awareness\u00adraising, training and ad\u00ad vocacy efforts, as well as individual country strategies to deal with issues of State capacity, cooperation and compliance with interna\u00ad tional obligations and recommended actions, should be carried out.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1256, "Sentence":"Host countries may have political sympathies or State interests with regard to one of the parties to a conflict, and this may affect their policies or responses to influxes of combatants mixed in with refugees.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements host country may political sympathy state interest regard one party conflict may affect policy response influx combatant mixed refugee ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.1. Context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The varying reasons for the arrival of foreign combatants in a host country, as well as whether or not that country is involved in armed conflict, will be among the factors that determine the response of the host country and that of the international community. For example, foreign combatants may enter a country directly involved in armed conflict; they may be in a country that is a neutral neighbouring State; or they may be in a non\u00adneutral country not directly involved in the conflict. Host countries may have political sympathies or State interests with regard to one of the parties to a conflict, and this may affect their policies or responses to influxes of combatants mixed in with refugees. Even if the host country is not neutral, international agencies should highlight the benefits to the host country and the region of complying with the international law framework described above. Awareness\u00adraising, training and ad\u00ad vocacy efforts, as well as individual country strategies to deal with issues of State capacity, cooperation and compliance with interna\u00ad tional obligations and recommended actions, should be carried out.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1256, "Sentence":"Even if the host country is not neutral, international agencies should highlight the benefits to the host country and the region of complying with the international law framework described above.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements even host country neutral international agency highlight benefit host country region complying international law framework described ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.1. Context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The varying reasons for the arrival of foreign combatants in a host country, as well as whether or not that country is involved in armed conflict, will be among the factors that determine the response of the host country and that of the international community. For example, foreign combatants may enter a country directly involved in armed conflict; they may be in a country that is a neutral neighbouring State; or they may be in a non\u00adneutral country not directly involved in the conflict. Host countries may have political sympathies or State interests with regard to one of the parties to a conflict, and this may affect their policies or responses to influxes of combatants mixed in with refugees. Even if the host country is not neutral, international agencies should highlight the benefits to the host country and the region of complying with the international law framework described above. Awareness\u00adraising, training and ad\u00ad vocacy efforts, as well as individual country strategies to deal with issues of State capacity, cooperation and compliance with interna\u00ad tional obligations and recommended actions, should be carried out.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1256, "Sentence":"Awareness\u00adraising, training and ad\u00ad vocacy efforts, as well as individual country strategies to deal with issues of State capacity, cooperation and compliance with interna\u00ad tional obligations and recommended actions, should be carried out.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements awareness\u00adraising training ad\u00ad vocacy effort well individual country strategy deal issue state capacity cooperation compliance interna\u00ad tional obligation recommended action carried ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.2. Key agencies", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Key international agencies that could assist governments with issues relating to adult combatants include the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), UNHCR, the UN High Commission on Human Rights (UNHCHR), the UN Development Programme (UNDP), the World Food Programme (WFP), the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM).Key national agencies that deal with these issues are those concerned with defence, armed forces, police, DDR, refugee\/humanitarian activities and foreign affairs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1257, "Sentence":"Key international agencies that could assist governments with issues relating to adult combatants include the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), UNHCR, the UN High Commission on Human Rights (UNHCHR), the UN Development Programme (UNDP), the World Food Programme (WFP), the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM).Key national agencies that deal with these issues are those concerned with defence, armed forces, police, DDR, refugee\/humanitarian activities and foreign affairs.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements key international agency could assist government issue relating adult combatant include department peacekeeping operation dpko international committee red cross icrc unhcr un high commission human right unhchr un development programme undp world food programme wfp office coordination humanitarian affair ocha international labour organization ilo international organization migration iom.key national agency deal issue concerned defence armed force police ddr refugee\/humanitarian activity foreign affair ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demobilization and eventual repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration of foreign combatants (as well as other interventions) are multi\u00adState processes that require the participation and cooperation of multiple actors, including the host State, countries of origin, local communities, refugee communities, donor States, interna\u00ad tional and national agencies, regional organizations, and the political and military parts of the UN system. Therefore coordination within a host State and cross\u00adborder is vital.At the national level, it may be helpful for key government and international agencies to set up an inter\u00adagency forum for coordination and collaboration. This will be particu\u00ad larly useful where the capacity and resources of the host country are limited, and there is a need for the international community to provide large amounts of assistance. It is recom\u00ad mended that such a forum be restricted to essential and operational agencies present in the host country. The forum could arrange for and manage coordination and collaboration in matters of advocacy, awareness\u00adraising, providing policy guidance, capacity\u00adbuilding, and setting up and supervising the methods used for the separation and internment of com\u00ad batants, as well as later repatriation. Such a forum may also provide assistance with the maintenance of State security and with the mobilization of resources, including funding.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1258, "Sentence":"Identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demobilization and eventual repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration of foreign combatants (as well as other interventions) are multi\u00adState processes that require the participation and cooperation of multiple actors, including the host State, countries of origin, local communities, refugee communities, donor States, interna\u00ad tional and national agencies, regional organizations, and the political and military parts of the UN system.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements identification disarmament separation internment demobilization eventual repatri\u00ad ation reintegration foreign combatant well intervention multi\u00adstate process require participation cooperation multiple actor including host state country origin local community refugee community donor state interna\u00ad tional national agency regional organization political military part un system ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demobilization and eventual repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration of foreign combatants (as well as other interventions) are multi\u00adState processes that require the participation and cooperation of multiple actors, including the host State, countries of origin, local communities, refugee communities, donor States, interna\u00ad tional and national agencies, regional organizations, and the political and military parts of the UN system. Therefore coordination within a host State and cross\u00adborder is vital.At the national level, it may be helpful for key government and international agencies to set up an inter\u00adagency forum for coordination and collaboration. This will be particu\u00ad larly useful where the capacity and resources of the host country are limited, and there is a need for the international community to provide large amounts of assistance. It is recom\u00ad mended that such a forum be restricted to essential and operational agencies present in the host country. The forum could arrange for and manage coordination and collaboration in matters of advocacy, awareness\u00adraising, providing policy guidance, capacity\u00adbuilding, and setting up and supervising the methods used for the separation and internment of com\u00ad batants, as well as later repatriation. Such a forum may also provide assistance with the maintenance of State security and with the mobilization of resources, including funding.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1258, "Sentence":"Therefore coordination within a host State and cross\u00adborder is vital.At the national level, it may be helpful for key government and international agencies to set up an inter\u00adagency forum for coordination and collaboration.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements therefore coordination within host state cross\u00adborder vital.at national level may helpful key government international agency set inter\u00adagency forum coordination collaboration ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demobilization and eventual repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration of foreign combatants (as well as other interventions) are multi\u00adState processes that require the participation and cooperation of multiple actors, including the host State, countries of origin, local communities, refugee communities, donor States, interna\u00ad tional and national agencies, regional organizations, and the political and military parts of the UN system. Therefore coordination within a host State and cross\u00adborder is vital.At the national level, it may be helpful for key government and international agencies to set up an inter\u00adagency forum for coordination and collaboration. This will be particu\u00ad larly useful where the capacity and resources of the host country are limited, and there is a need for the international community to provide large amounts of assistance. It is recom\u00ad mended that such a forum be restricted to essential and operational agencies present in the host country. The forum could arrange for and manage coordination and collaboration in matters of advocacy, awareness\u00adraising, providing policy guidance, capacity\u00adbuilding, and setting up and supervising the methods used for the separation and internment of com\u00ad batants, as well as later repatriation. Such a forum may also provide assistance with the maintenance of State security and with the mobilization of resources, including funding.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1258, "Sentence":"This will be particu\u00ad larly useful where the capacity and resources of the host country are limited, and there is a need for the international community to provide large amounts of assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements particu\u00ad larly useful capacity resource host country limited need international community provide large amount assistance ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demobilization and eventual repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration of foreign combatants (as well as other interventions) are multi\u00adState processes that require the participation and cooperation of multiple actors, including the host State, countries of origin, local communities, refugee communities, donor States, interna\u00ad tional and national agencies, regional organizations, and the political and military parts of the UN system. Therefore coordination within a host State and cross\u00adborder is vital.At the national level, it may be helpful for key government and international agencies to set up an inter\u00adagency forum for coordination and collaboration. This will be particu\u00ad larly useful where the capacity and resources of the host country are limited, and there is a need for the international community to provide large amounts of assistance. It is recom\u00ad mended that such a forum be restricted to essential and operational agencies present in the host country. The forum could arrange for and manage coordination and collaboration in matters of advocacy, awareness\u00adraising, providing policy guidance, capacity\u00adbuilding, and setting up and supervising the methods used for the separation and internment of com\u00ad batants, as well as later repatriation. Such a forum may also provide assistance with the maintenance of State security and with the mobilization of resources, including funding.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1258, "Sentence":"It is recom\u00ad mended that such a forum be restricted to essential and operational agencies present in the host country.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements recom\u00ad mended forum restricted essential operational agency present host country ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demobilization and eventual repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration of foreign combatants (as well as other interventions) are multi\u00adState processes that require the participation and cooperation of multiple actors, including the host State, countries of origin, local communities, refugee communities, donor States, interna\u00ad tional and national agencies, regional organizations, and the political and military parts of the UN system. Therefore coordination within a host State and cross\u00adborder is vital.At the national level, it may be helpful for key government and international agencies to set up an inter\u00adagency forum for coordination and collaboration. This will be particu\u00ad larly useful where the capacity and resources of the host country are limited, and there is a need for the international community to provide large amounts of assistance. It is recom\u00ad mended that such a forum be restricted to essential and operational agencies present in the host country. The forum could arrange for and manage coordination and collaboration in matters of advocacy, awareness\u00adraising, providing policy guidance, capacity\u00adbuilding, and setting up and supervising the methods used for the separation and internment of com\u00ad batants, as well as later repatriation. Such a forum may also provide assistance with the maintenance of State security and with the mobilization of resources, including funding.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1258, "Sentence":"The forum could arrange for and manage coordination and collaboration in matters of advocacy, awareness\u00adraising, providing policy guidance, capacity\u00adbuilding, and setting up and supervising the methods used for the separation and internment of com\u00ad batants, as well as later repatriation.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements forum could arrange manage coordination collaboration matter advocacy awareness\u00adraising providing policy guidance capacity\u00adbuilding setting supervising method used separation internment com\u00ad batants well later repatriation ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Identification, disarmament, separation, internment, demobilization and eventual repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration of foreign combatants (as well as other interventions) are multi\u00adState processes that require the participation and cooperation of multiple actors, including the host State, countries of origin, local communities, refugee communities, donor States, interna\u00ad tional and national agencies, regional organizations, and the political and military parts of the UN system. Therefore coordination within a host State and cross\u00adborder is vital.At the national level, it may be helpful for key government and international agencies to set up an inter\u00adagency forum for coordination and collaboration. This will be particu\u00ad larly useful where the capacity and resources of the host country are limited, and there is a need for the international community to provide large amounts of assistance. It is recom\u00ad mended that such a forum be restricted to essential and operational agencies present in the host country. The forum could arrange for and manage coordination and collaboration in matters of advocacy, awareness\u00adraising, providing policy guidance, capacity\u00adbuilding, and setting up and supervising the methods used for the separation and internment of com\u00ad batants, as well as later repatriation. Such a forum may also provide assistance with the maintenance of State security and with the mobilization of resources, including funding.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1258, "Sentence":"Such a forum may also provide assistance with the maintenance of State security and with the mobilization of resources, including funding.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements forum may also provide assistance maintenance state security mobilization resource including funding ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.2. Advocacy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Advocacy by agencies should be coordinated. Agencies should focus on assisting the host government to understand and implement its obligations under international law and show how this would be beneficial to State interests, such as preserving State security, demonstrating neutrality, etc.What key points should be highlighted in advocacy on international obligations? \\n The government must respect the right to seek asylum and the principle of non-refoulement for all persons seeking asylum, including acceptance at the frontier; \\n The government must take measures to identify, disarm and separate combatants from refugees as early as possible, preferably at the border; \\n The government of a neutral State has an obligation to intern identified combatants in a safe location away from the border\/conflict zone; \\n An active combatant cannot be considered as a refugee. However, at a later stage, when it is clear that combatants have genuinely and permanently given up military activities, UNHCR would assist the government to determine the refugee status of demobilized former combatants using special procedures if any apply for refugee status; \\n Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be dealt with separately from adult foreign combatants and should benefit from special protection and assistance with regard to disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration. They should first be properly identified as persons under the age of 18, separated from adult combatants as soon as possible, and should not be accommodated in internment camps for adult combatants. They may be given the status of refugees or asylum seekers and accommodated in refugee camps or settlements in order to encourage their rehabilitation, reintegration and reconciliation with their communities; \\n Civilian family members of combatants should be treated as prima facie refugees or asylum seekers and may be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements; \\n Special assistance should be offered to women or girls abducted\/forcibly married into armed groups and forces and then taken over borders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1259, "Sentence":"Advocacy by agencies should be coordinated.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements advocacy agency coordinated ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.2. Advocacy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Advocacy by agencies should be coordinated. Agencies should focus on assisting the host government to understand and implement its obligations under international law and show how this would be beneficial to State interests, such as preserving State security, demonstrating neutrality, etc.What key points should be highlighted in advocacy on international obligations? \\n The government must respect the right to seek asylum and the principle of non-refoulement for all persons seeking asylum, including acceptance at the frontier; \\n The government must take measures to identify, disarm and separate combatants from refugees as early as possible, preferably at the border; \\n The government of a neutral State has an obligation to intern identified combatants in a safe location away from the border\/conflict zone; \\n An active combatant cannot be considered as a refugee. However, at a later stage, when it is clear that combatants have genuinely and permanently given up military activities, UNHCR would assist the government to determine the refugee status of demobilized former combatants using special procedures if any apply for refugee status; \\n Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be dealt with separately from adult foreign combatants and should benefit from special protection and assistance with regard to disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration. They should first be properly identified as persons under the age of 18, separated from adult combatants as soon as possible, and should not be accommodated in internment camps for adult combatants. They may be given the status of refugees or asylum seekers and accommodated in refugee camps or settlements in order to encourage their rehabilitation, reintegration and reconciliation with their communities; \\n Civilian family members of combatants should be treated as prima facie refugees or asylum seekers and may be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements; \\n Special assistance should be offered to women or girls abducted\/forcibly married into armed groups and forces and then taken over borders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1259, "Sentence":"Agencies should focus on assisting the host government to understand and implement its obligations under international law and show how this would be beneficial to State interests, such as preserving State security, demonstrating neutrality, etc.What key points should be highlighted in advocacy on international obligations?", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements agency focus assisting host government understand implement obligation international law show would beneficial state interest preserving state security demonstrating neutrality etc.what key point highlighted advocacy international obligation" }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.2. Advocacy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Advocacy by agencies should be coordinated. Agencies should focus on assisting the host government to understand and implement its obligations under international law and show how this would be beneficial to State interests, such as preserving State security, demonstrating neutrality, etc.What key points should be highlighted in advocacy on international obligations? \\n The government must respect the right to seek asylum and the principle of non-refoulement for all persons seeking asylum, including acceptance at the frontier; \\n The government must take measures to identify, disarm and separate combatants from refugees as early as possible, preferably at the border; \\n The government of a neutral State has an obligation to intern identified combatants in a safe location away from the border\/conflict zone; \\n An active combatant cannot be considered as a refugee. However, at a later stage, when it is clear that combatants have genuinely and permanently given up military activities, UNHCR would assist the government to determine the refugee status of demobilized former combatants using special procedures if any apply for refugee status; \\n Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be dealt with separately from adult foreign combatants and should benefit from special protection and assistance with regard to disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration. They should first be properly identified as persons under the age of 18, separated from adult combatants as soon as possible, and should not be accommodated in internment camps for adult combatants. They may be given the status of refugees or asylum seekers and accommodated in refugee camps or settlements in order to encourage their rehabilitation, reintegration and reconciliation with their communities; \\n Civilian family members of combatants should be treated as prima facie refugees or asylum seekers and may be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements; \\n Special assistance should be offered to women or girls abducted\/forcibly married into armed groups and forces and then taken over borders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1259, "Sentence":"\\n The government must respect the right to seek asylum and the principle of non-refoulement for all persons seeking asylum, including acceptance at the frontier; \\n The government must take measures to identify, disarm and separate combatants from refugees as early as possible, preferably at the border; \\n The government of a neutral State has an obligation to intern identified combatants in a safe location away from the border\/conflict zone; \\n An active combatant cannot be considered as a refugee.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n government must respect right seek asylum principle nonrefoulement person seeking asylum including acceptance frontier n government must take measure identify disarm separate combatant refugee early possible preferably border n government neutral state obligation intern identified combatant safe location away border\/conflict zone n active combatant considered refugee ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.2. Advocacy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Advocacy by agencies should be coordinated. Agencies should focus on assisting the host government to understand and implement its obligations under international law and show how this would be beneficial to State interests, such as preserving State security, demonstrating neutrality, etc.What key points should be highlighted in advocacy on international obligations? \\n The government must respect the right to seek asylum and the principle of non-refoulement for all persons seeking asylum, including acceptance at the frontier; \\n The government must take measures to identify, disarm and separate combatants from refugees as early as possible, preferably at the border; \\n The government of a neutral State has an obligation to intern identified combatants in a safe location away from the border\/conflict zone; \\n An active combatant cannot be considered as a refugee. However, at a later stage, when it is clear that combatants have genuinely and permanently given up military activities, UNHCR would assist the government to determine the refugee status of demobilized former combatants using special procedures if any apply for refugee status; \\n Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be dealt with separately from adult foreign combatants and should benefit from special protection and assistance with regard to disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration. They should first be properly identified as persons under the age of 18, separated from adult combatants as soon as possible, and should not be accommodated in internment camps for adult combatants. They may be given the status of refugees or asylum seekers and accommodated in refugee camps or settlements in order to encourage their rehabilitation, reintegration and reconciliation with their communities; \\n Civilian family members of combatants should be treated as prima facie refugees or asylum seekers and may be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements; \\n Special assistance should be offered to women or girls abducted\/forcibly married into armed groups and forces and then taken over borders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1259, "Sentence":"However, at a later stage, when it is clear that combatants have genuinely and permanently given up military activities, UNHCR would assist the government to determine the refugee status of demobilized former combatants using special procedures if any apply for refugee status; \\n Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be dealt with separately from adult foreign combatants and should benefit from special protection and assistance with regard to disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements however later stage clear combatant genuinely permanently given military activity unhcr would assist government determine refugee status demobilized former combatant using special procedure apply refugee status n foreign child associated armed force group dealt separately adult foreign combatant benefit special protection assistance regard disarmament demobilization rehabilitation reintegration ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.2. Advocacy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Advocacy by agencies should be coordinated. Agencies should focus on assisting the host government to understand and implement its obligations under international law and show how this would be beneficial to State interests, such as preserving State security, demonstrating neutrality, etc.What key points should be highlighted in advocacy on international obligations? \\n The government must respect the right to seek asylum and the principle of non-refoulement for all persons seeking asylum, including acceptance at the frontier; \\n The government must take measures to identify, disarm and separate combatants from refugees as early as possible, preferably at the border; \\n The government of a neutral State has an obligation to intern identified combatants in a safe location away from the border\/conflict zone; \\n An active combatant cannot be considered as a refugee. However, at a later stage, when it is clear that combatants have genuinely and permanently given up military activities, UNHCR would assist the government to determine the refugee status of demobilized former combatants using special procedures if any apply for refugee status; \\n Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be dealt with separately from adult foreign combatants and should benefit from special protection and assistance with regard to disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration. They should first be properly identified as persons under the age of 18, separated from adult combatants as soon as possible, and should not be accommodated in internment camps for adult combatants. They may be given the status of refugees or asylum seekers and accommodated in refugee camps or settlements in order to encourage their rehabilitation, reintegration and reconciliation with their communities; \\n Civilian family members of combatants should be treated as prima facie refugees or asylum seekers and may be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements; \\n Special assistance should be offered to women or girls abducted\/forcibly married into armed groups and forces and then taken over borders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1259, "Sentence":"They should first be properly identified as persons under the age of 18, separated from adult combatants as soon as possible, and should not be accommodated in internment camps for adult combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements first properly identified person age 18 separated adult combatant soon possible accommodated internment camp adult combatant ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.2. Advocacy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Advocacy by agencies should be coordinated. Agencies should focus on assisting the host government to understand and implement its obligations under international law and show how this would be beneficial to State interests, such as preserving State security, demonstrating neutrality, etc.What key points should be highlighted in advocacy on international obligations? \\n The government must respect the right to seek asylum and the principle of non-refoulement for all persons seeking asylum, including acceptance at the frontier; \\n The government must take measures to identify, disarm and separate combatants from refugees as early as possible, preferably at the border; \\n The government of a neutral State has an obligation to intern identified combatants in a safe location away from the border\/conflict zone; \\n An active combatant cannot be considered as a refugee. However, at a later stage, when it is clear that combatants have genuinely and permanently given up military activities, UNHCR would assist the government to determine the refugee status of demobilized former combatants using special procedures if any apply for refugee status; \\n Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be dealt with separately from adult foreign combatants and should benefit from special protection and assistance with regard to disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration. They should first be properly identified as persons under the age of 18, separated from adult combatants as soon as possible, and should not be accommodated in internment camps for adult combatants. They may be given the status of refugees or asylum seekers and accommodated in refugee camps or settlements in order to encourage their rehabilitation, reintegration and reconciliation with their communities; \\n Civilian family members of combatants should be treated as prima facie refugees or asylum seekers and may be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements; \\n Special assistance should be offered to women or girls abducted\/forcibly married into armed groups and forces and then taken over borders.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1259, "Sentence":"They may be given the status of refugees or asylum seekers and accommodated in refugee camps or settlements in order to encourage their rehabilitation, reintegration and reconciliation with their communities; \\n Civilian family members of combatants should be treated as prima facie refugees or asylum seekers and may be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements; \\n Special assistance should be offered to women or girls abducted\/forcibly married into armed groups and forces and then taken over borders.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements may given status refugee asylum seeker accommodated refugee camp settlement order encourage rehabilitation reintegration reconciliation community n civilian family member combatant treated prima facie refugee asylum seeker may accommodated refugee camp settlement n special assistance offered woman girl abducted\/forcibly married armed group force taken border ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.3. Security screening and identification of foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Security screening is vital to the identification and separation of combatants. This screening is the responsibility of the host government\u2019s police or armed forces, which should be present at entry points during population influxes.International personnel\/agencies that may be present at border entry points during influxes include: peacekeeping forces; military observers; UN Civilian Police; UNHCR for reception of refugees, as well as reception of foreign children associated with fighting forces, if the latter are to be given refugee status; and the UN Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF) for gen\u00ad eral issues relating to children. UNHCR\u2019s and\/or UNICEF\u2019s child protection partner non\u00ad governmental organizations (NGOs) may also be present to assist with separated refugee children and children associated with armed forces and groups. Child protection agencies may be able to assist the police or army with identifying persons under the age of 18 years among foreign combatants.Training in security screening and identification of foreign combatants could usefully be provided to government authorities by specialist personnel, such as international police, DPKO and military experts. They may also be able to help in making assessments of situa\u00ad tions where there has been an infiltration of combatants, providing advice on preventive and remedial measures, and advocating for responses from the international community. The presence of international agencies as observers in identification, disarmament and separation processes for foreign combatants will make the combatants more confident that the process is transparent and neutral.Identification and disarmament of combatants should be carried out at the earliest possible stage in the host country, preferably at the entry point or at the first reception\/ transit centre for new arrivals. Security maintenance at refugee camps and settlements may also lead to identification of combatants.If combatants are identified, they should be disarmed and transported to a secure loca\u00ad tion in the host country for processing for internment, in accordance with the host govern\u00ad ment\u2019s obligations under international humanitarian law.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1260, "Sentence":"Security screening is vital to the identification and separation of combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements security screening vital identification separation combatant ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.3. Security screening and identification of foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Security screening is vital to the identification and separation of combatants. This screening is the responsibility of the host government\u2019s police or armed forces, which should be present at entry points during population influxes.International personnel\/agencies that may be present at border entry points during influxes include: peacekeeping forces; military observers; UN Civilian Police; UNHCR for reception of refugees, as well as reception of foreign children associated with fighting forces, if the latter are to be given refugee status; and the UN Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF) for gen\u00ad eral issues relating to children. UNHCR\u2019s and\/or UNICEF\u2019s child protection partner non\u00ad governmental organizations (NGOs) may also be present to assist with separated refugee children and children associated with armed forces and groups. Child protection agencies may be able to assist the police or army with identifying persons under the age of 18 years among foreign combatants.Training in security screening and identification of foreign combatants could usefully be provided to government authorities by specialist personnel, such as international police, DPKO and military experts. They may also be able to help in making assessments of situa\u00ad tions where there has been an infiltration of combatants, providing advice on preventive and remedial measures, and advocating for responses from the international community. The presence of international agencies as observers in identification, disarmament and separation processes for foreign combatants will make the combatants more confident that the process is transparent and neutral.Identification and disarmament of combatants should be carried out at the earliest possible stage in the host country, preferably at the entry point or at the first reception\/ transit centre for new arrivals. Security maintenance at refugee camps and settlements may also lead to identification of combatants.If combatants are identified, they should be disarmed and transported to a secure loca\u00ad tion in the host country for processing for internment, in accordance with the host govern\u00ad ment\u2019s obligations under international humanitarian law.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1260, "Sentence":"This screening is the responsibility of the host government\u2019s police or armed forces, which should be present at entry points during population influxes.International personnel\/agencies that may be present at border entry points during influxes include: peacekeeping forces; military observers; UN Civilian Police; UNHCR for reception of refugees, as well as reception of foreign children associated with fighting forces, if the latter are to be given refugee status; and the UN Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF) for gen\u00ad eral issues relating to children.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements screening responsibility host government \u2019 police armed force present entry point population influxes.international personnel\/agencies may present border entry point influx include peacekeeping force military observer un civilian police unhcr reception refugee well reception foreign child associated fighting force latter given refugee status un child \u2019 fund unicef gen\u00ad eral issue relating child ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.3. Security screening and identification of foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Security screening is vital to the identification and separation of combatants. This screening is the responsibility of the host government\u2019s police or armed forces, which should be present at entry points during population influxes.International personnel\/agencies that may be present at border entry points during influxes include: peacekeeping forces; military observers; UN Civilian Police; UNHCR for reception of refugees, as well as reception of foreign children associated with fighting forces, if the latter are to be given refugee status; and the UN Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF) for gen\u00ad eral issues relating to children. UNHCR\u2019s and\/or UNICEF\u2019s child protection partner non\u00ad governmental organizations (NGOs) may also be present to assist with separated refugee children and children associated with armed forces and groups. Child protection agencies may be able to assist the police or army with identifying persons under the age of 18 years among foreign combatants.Training in security screening and identification of foreign combatants could usefully be provided to government authorities by specialist personnel, such as international police, DPKO and military experts. They may also be able to help in making assessments of situa\u00ad tions where there has been an infiltration of combatants, providing advice on preventive and remedial measures, and advocating for responses from the international community. The presence of international agencies as observers in identification, disarmament and separation processes for foreign combatants will make the combatants more confident that the process is transparent and neutral.Identification and disarmament of combatants should be carried out at the earliest possible stage in the host country, preferably at the entry point or at the first reception\/ transit centre for new arrivals. Security maintenance at refugee camps and settlements may also lead to identification of combatants.If combatants are identified, they should be disarmed and transported to a secure loca\u00ad tion in the host country for processing for internment, in accordance with the host govern\u00ad ment\u2019s obligations under international humanitarian law.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1260, "Sentence":"UNHCR\u2019s and\/or UNICEF\u2019s child protection partner non\u00ad governmental organizations (NGOs) may also be present to assist with separated refugee children and children associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements unhcr \u2019 and\/or unicef \u2019 child protection partner non\u00ad governmental organization ngo may also present assist separated refugee child child associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.3. Security screening and identification of foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Security screening is vital to the identification and separation of combatants. This screening is the responsibility of the host government\u2019s police or armed forces, which should be present at entry points during population influxes.International personnel\/agencies that may be present at border entry points during influxes include: peacekeeping forces; military observers; UN Civilian Police; UNHCR for reception of refugees, as well as reception of foreign children associated with fighting forces, if the latter are to be given refugee status; and the UN Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF) for gen\u00ad eral issues relating to children. UNHCR\u2019s and\/or UNICEF\u2019s child protection partner non\u00ad governmental organizations (NGOs) may also be present to assist with separated refugee children and children associated with armed forces and groups. Child protection agencies may be able to assist the police or army with identifying persons under the age of 18 years among foreign combatants.Training in security screening and identification of foreign combatants could usefully be provided to government authorities by specialist personnel, such as international police, DPKO and military experts. They may also be able to help in making assessments of situa\u00ad tions where there has been an infiltration of combatants, providing advice on preventive and remedial measures, and advocating for responses from the international community. The presence of international agencies as observers in identification, disarmament and separation processes for foreign combatants will make the combatants more confident that the process is transparent and neutral.Identification and disarmament of combatants should be carried out at the earliest possible stage in the host country, preferably at the entry point or at the first reception\/ transit centre for new arrivals. Security maintenance at refugee camps and settlements may also lead to identification of combatants.If combatants are identified, they should be disarmed and transported to a secure loca\u00ad tion in the host country for processing for internment, in accordance with the host govern\u00ad ment\u2019s obligations under international humanitarian law.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1260, "Sentence":"Child protection agencies may be able to assist the police or army with identifying persons under the age of 18 years among foreign combatants.Training in security screening and identification of foreign combatants could usefully be provided to government authorities by specialist personnel, such as international police, DPKO and military experts.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements child protection agency may able assist police army identifying person age 18 year among foreign combatants.training security screening identification foreign combatant could usefully provided government authority specialist personnel international police dpko military expert ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.3. Security screening and identification of foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Security screening is vital to the identification and separation of combatants. This screening is the responsibility of the host government\u2019s police or armed forces, which should be present at entry points during population influxes.International personnel\/agencies that may be present at border entry points during influxes include: peacekeeping forces; military observers; UN Civilian Police; UNHCR for reception of refugees, as well as reception of foreign children associated with fighting forces, if the latter are to be given refugee status; and the UN Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF) for gen\u00ad eral issues relating to children. UNHCR\u2019s and\/or UNICEF\u2019s child protection partner non\u00ad governmental organizations (NGOs) may also be present to assist with separated refugee children and children associated with armed forces and groups. Child protection agencies may be able to assist the police or army with identifying persons under the age of 18 years among foreign combatants.Training in security screening and identification of foreign combatants could usefully be provided to government authorities by specialist personnel, such as international police, DPKO and military experts. They may also be able to help in making assessments of situa\u00ad tions where there has been an infiltration of combatants, providing advice on preventive and remedial measures, and advocating for responses from the international community. The presence of international agencies as observers in identification, disarmament and separation processes for foreign combatants will make the combatants more confident that the process is transparent and neutral.Identification and disarmament of combatants should be carried out at the earliest possible stage in the host country, preferably at the entry point or at the first reception\/ transit centre for new arrivals. Security maintenance at refugee camps and settlements may also lead to identification of combatants.If combatants are identified, they should be disarmed and transported to a secure loca\u00ad tion in the host country for processing for internment, in accordance with the host govern\u00ad ment\u2019s obligations under international humanitarian law.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1260, "Sentence":"They may also be able to help in making assessments of situa\u00ad tions where there has been an infiltration of combatants, providing advice on preventive and remedial measures, and advocating for responses from the international community.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements may also able help making assessment situa\u00ad tions infiltration combatant providing advice preventive remedial measure advocating response international community ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.3. Security screening and identification of foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Security screening is vital to the identification and separation of combatants. This screening is the responsibility of the host government\u2019s police or armed forces, which should be present at entry points during population influxes.International personnel\/agencies that may be present at border entry points during influxes include: peacekeeping forces; military observers; UN Civilian Police; UNHCR for reception of refugees, as well as reception of foreign children associated with fighting forces, if the latter are to be given refugee status; and the UN Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF) for gen\u00ad eral issues relating to children. UNHCR\u2019s and\/or UNICEF\u2019s child protection partner non\u00ad governmental organizations (NGOs) may also be present to assist with separated refugee children and children associated with armed forces and groups. Child protection agencies may be able to assist the police or army with identifying persons under the age of 18 years among foreign combatants.Training in security screening and identification of foreign combatants could usefully be provided to government authorities by specialist personnel, such as international police, DPKO and military experts. They may also be able to help in making assessments of situa\u00ad tions where there has been an infiltration of combatants, providing advice on preventive and remedial measures, and advocating for responses from the international community. The presence of international agencies as observers in identification, disarmament and separation processes for foreign combatants will make the combatants more confident that the process is transparent and neutral.Identification and disarmament of combatants should be carried out at the earliest possible stage in the host country, preferably at the entry point or at the first reception\/ transit centre for new arrivals. Security maintenance at refugee camps and settlements may also lead to identification of combatants.If combatants are identified, they should be disarmed and transported to a secure loca\u00ad tion in the host country for processing for internment, in accordance with the host govern\u00ad ment\u2019s obligations under international humanitarian law.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1260, "Sentence":"The presence of international agencies as observers in identification, disarmament and separation processes for foreign combatants will make the combatants more confident that the process is transparent and neutral.Identification and disarmament of combatants should be carried out at the earliest possible stage in the host country, preferably at the entry point or at the first reception\/ transit centre for new arrivals.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements presence international agency observer identification disarmament separation process foreign combatant make combatant confident process transparent neutral.identification disarmament combatant carried earliest possible stage host country preferably entry point first reception\/ transit centre new arrival ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.3. Security screening and identification of foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Security screening is vital to the identification and separation of combatants. This screening is the responsibility of the host government\u2019s police or armed forces, which should be present at entry points during population influxes.International personnel\/agencies that may be present at border entry points during influxes include: peacekeeping forces; military observers; UN Civilian Police; UNHCR for reception of refugees, as well as reception of foreign children associated with fighting forces, if the latter are to be given refugee status; and the UN Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF) for gen\u00ad eral issues relating to children. UNHCR\u2019s and\/or UNICEF\u2019s child protection partner non\u00ad governmental organizations (NGOs) may also be present to assist with separated refugee children and children associated with armed forces and groups. Child protection agencies may be able to assist the police or army with identifying persons under the age of 18 years among foreign combatants.Training in security screening and identification of foreign combatants could usefully be provided to government authorities by specialist personnel, such as international police, DPKO and military experts. They may also be able to help in making assessments of situa\u00ad tions where there has been an infiltration of combatants, providing advice on preventive and remedial measures, and advocating for responses from the international community. The presence of international agencies as observers in identification, disarmament and separation processes for foreign combatants will make the combatants more confident that the process is transparent and neutral.Identification and disarmament of combatants should be carried out at the earliest possible stage in the host country, preferably at the entry point or at the first reception\/ transit centre for new arrivals. Security maintenance at refugee camps and settlements may also lead to identification of combatants.If combatants are identified, they should be disarmed and transported to a secure loca\u00ad tion in the host country for processing for internment, in accordance with the host govern\u00ad ment\u2019s obligations under international humanitarian law.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1260, "Sentence":"Security maintenance at refugee camps and settlements may also lead to identification of combatants.If combatants are identified, they should be disarmed and transported to a secure loca\u00ad tion in the host country for processing for internment, in accordance with the host govern\u00ad ment\u2019s obligations under international humanitarian law.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements security maintenance refugee camp settlement may also lead identification combatants.if combatant identified disarmed transported secure loca\u00ad tion host country processing internment accordance host govern\u00ad ment \u2019 obligation international humanitarian law ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"What methods are there for identification?", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements method identification" }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"\\n Self-identification.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n selfidentification ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements especially situation known host government facility foreign combatant combatant may identify voluntarily either part military structure individually ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements providing information availability internment camp facility foreign combatant may encourage selfidentification ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements group combatant country war may negotiate host country cross territory actually peacekeeper presence border may role play negotiation ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements motivation identify combatant usually either desert longterm basis perhaps seek asylum escape heat battle temporarily ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"\\n Appearance.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n appearance ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements military uniform weapon arriving troop formation obvious sign person combatant ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements even uniform weapon military security official host country often skilful recognizing fellow military security personnel \u2014 appearance demeanour gait scar wound response military language command etc ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements combatant \u2019 hand may show sign carried gun foot may show mark indicating worn boot ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements tattoo may related various fighting faction ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements combatant may healthier stronger refugee especially situation food limited ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements important avoid arbitrarily identifying single ablebodied young men combatant among refugee influx likely boy young men fleeing forced military recruitment may never fought ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"\\n Security screening questions and luggage searches.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n security screening question luggage search ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements question asked background foreigner entering host country place residence occupation circumstance flight family situation etc ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"may reveal that the individual has a military background.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements may reveal individual military background ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements luggage search may reveal military uniform insignia arm ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements lack belonging may also indication combatant status depending circumstance flight ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"\\n Identification by refugees and local communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n identification refugee local community ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements refugee may show fear wariness combatant may point combatant midst either entry point part relocation movement refugee camp ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements local community may report presence stranger suspect combatant ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements carefully verified individual concerned opportunity prove wrongly identified combatant case ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"\\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n perpetrator crossborder armed incursion attack ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements host country authority may intercept combatant launching crossborder attack pose serious threat country ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.4. Methods of identifying foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"What methods are there for identification? \\n Self-identification. Especially in situations where it is known that the host government has facilities for foreign combatants, some combatants may identify themselves voluntarily, either as part of military structures or individually. Providing information on the availability of internment camp facilities for foreign combatants may encourage self-identification. Groups of combatants from a country at war may negotiate with a host country to cross into its territory before actually doing so, and peacekeepers with a presence at the border may have a role to play in such negotiations. The motivation of those who identify themselves as combatants is usually either to desert on a long-term basis and perhaps to seek asylum or to escape the heat of battle temporarily. \\n Appearance. Military uniforms, weapons and arriving in troop formation are obvious signs of persons being combatants. Even where there are no uniforms or weapons, military and security officials of the host country will often be skilful at recognizing fellow military and security personnel \u2014 from appearance, demeanour, gait, scars and wounds, responses to military language and commands, etc. Combatants\u2019 hands may show signs of having carried guns, while their feet may show marks indicating that they have worn boots. Tattoos may be related to the various fighting factions. Combatants may be healthier and stronger than refugees, especially in situations where food is limited. It is important to avoid arbitrarily identifying all single, able-bodied young men as combatants, as among refugee influxes there are likely to be boys and young men who have been fleeing from forced military recruitment, and they may never have fought. \\n Security screening questions and luggage searches. Questions asked about the background of foreigners entering the host country (place of residence, occupation, circumstances of flight, family situation, etc.) may reveal that the individual has a military background. Luggage searches may reveal military uniforms, insignia or arms. Lack of belongings may also be an indication of combatant status, depending on the circumstances of flight. \\n Identification by refugees and local communities. Some refugees may show fear or wariness of combatants and may point out combatants in their midst, either at entry points or as part of relocation movements to refugee camps. Local communities may report the presence of strangers whom they suspect of being combatants. This should be carefully verified and the individual(s) concerned should have the opportunity to prove that they have been wrongly identified as combatants, if that is the case. \\n Perpetrators of cross-border armed incursions and attacks. Host country authorities may intercept combatants who are launching cross-border attacks and who pose a serious threat to the country. Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1261, "Sentence":"Stricter security and confinement measures would be necessary for such individuals.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements stricter security confinement measure would necessary individual ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.5. Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Once combatants are identified, they will usually be taken into the custody of the army of the host country and\/or peacekeepers. They should be disarmed as soon as possible. Inter\u00ad national military and police personnel may need to assist in this process. Weapons should be documented and securely stored for destruction or handing over to the government of the country of origin at the end of the internment period (e.g., at the end of the conflict). Other items such as vehicles should be kept in safe locations, also to be handed over at the end of the internment period. Personal items may be left in the possession of the owner.After they have been disarmed, foreign combatants may be handed over to the author\u00ad ity responsible for their transportation to an internment facility \u2014 usually the police or security forces. The assistance of peacekeeping forces and any other relevant agencies may be required.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1262, "Sentence":"Once combatants are identified, they will usually be taken into the custody of the army of the host country and\/or peacekeepers.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements combatant identified usually taken custody army host country and\/or peacekeeper ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.5. Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Once combatants are identified, they will usually be taken into the custody of the army of the host country and\/or peacekeepers. They should be disarmed as soon as possible. Inter\u00ad national military and police personnel may need to assist in this process. Weapons should be documented and securely stored for destruction or handing over to the government of the country of origin at the end of the internment period (e.g., at the end of the conflict). Other items such as vehicles should be kept in safe locations, also to be handed over at the end of the internment period. Personal items may be left in the possession of the owner.After they have been disarmed, foreign combatants may be handed over to the author\u00ad ity responsible for their transportation to an internment facility \u2014 usually the police or security forces. The assistance of peacekeeping forces and any other relevant agencies may be required.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1262, "Sentence":"They should be disarmed as soon as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements disarmed soon possible ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.5. Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Once combatants are identified, they will usually be taken into the custody of the army of the host country and\/or peacekeepers. They should be disarmed as soon as possible. Inter\u00ad national military and police personnel may need to assist in this process. Weapons should be documented and securely stored for destruction or handing over to the government of the country of origin at the end of the internment period (e.g., at the end of the conflict). Other items such as vehicles should be kept in safe locations, also to be handed over at the end of the internment period. Personal items may be left in the possession of the owner.After they have been disarmed, foreign combatants may be handed over to the author\u00ad ity responsible for their transportation to an internment facility \u2014 usually the police or security forces. The assistance of peacekeeping forces and any other relevant agencies may be required.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1262, "Sentence":"Inter\u00ad national military and police personnel may need to assist in this process.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements inter\u00ad national military police personnel may need assist process ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.5. Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Once combatants are identified, they will usually be taken into the custody of the army of the host country and\/or peacekeepers. They should be disarmed as soon as possible. Inter\u00ad national military and police personnel may need to assist in this process. Weapons should be documented and securely stored for destruction or handing over to the government of the country of origin at the end of the internment period (e.g., at the end of the conflict). Other items such as vehicles should be kept in safe locations, also to be handed over at the end of the internment period. Personal items may be left in the possession of the owner.After they have been disarmed, foreign combatants may be handed over to the author\u00ad ity responsible for their transportation to an internment facility \u2014 usually the police or security forces. The assistance of peacekeeping forces and any other relevant agencies may be required.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1262, "Sentence":"Weapons should be documented and securely stored for destruction or handing over to the government of the country of origin at the end of the internment period (e.g., at the end of the conflict).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements weapon documented securely stored destruction handing government country origin end internment period e.g . end conflict ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.5. Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Once combatants are identified, they will usually be taken into the custody of the army of the host country and\/or peacekeepers. They should be disarmed as soon as possible. Inter\u00ad national military and police personnel may need to assist in this process. Weapons should be documented and securely stored for destruction or handing over to the government of the country of origin at the end of the internment period (e.g., at the end of the conflict). Other items such as vehicles should be kept in safe locations, also to be handed over at the end of the internment period. Personal items may be left in the possession of the owner.After they have been disarmed, foreign combatants may be handed over to the author\u00ad ity responsible for their transportation to an internment facility \u2014 usually the police or security forces. The assistance of peacekeeping forces and any other relevant agencies may be required.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1262, "Sentence":"Other items such as vehicles should be kept in safe locations, also to be handed over at the end of the internment period.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements item vehicle kept safe location also handed end internment period ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.5. Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Once combatants are identified, they will usually be taken into the custody of the army of the host country and\/or peacekeepers. They should be disarmed as soon as possible. Inter\u00ad national military and police personnel may need to assist in this process. Weapons should be documented and securely stored for destruction or handing over to the government of the country of origin at the end of the internment period (e.g., at the end of the conflict). Other items such as vehicles should be kept in safe locations, also to be handed over at the end of the internment period. Personal items may be left in the possession of the owner.After they have been disarmed, foreign combatants may be handed over to the author\u00ad ity responsible for their transportation to an internment facility \u2014 usually the police or security forces. The assistance of peacekeeping forces and any other relevant agencies may be required.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1262, "Sentence":"Personal items may be left in the possession of the owner.After they have been disarmed, foreign combatants may be handed over to the author\u00ad ity responsible for their transportation to an internment facility \u2014 usually the police or security forces.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements personal item may left possession owner.after disarmed foreign combatant may handed author\u00ad ity responsible transportation internment facility \u2014 usually police security force ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.5. Disarmament", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Once combatants are identified, they will usually be taken into the custody of the army of the host country and\/or peacekeepers. They should be disarmed as soon as possible. Inter\u00ad national military and police personnel may need to assist in this process. Weapons should be documented and securely stored for destruction or handing over to the government of the country of origin at the end of the internment period (e.g., at the end of the conflict). Other items such as vehicles should be kept in safe locations, also to be handed over at the end of the internment period. Personal items may be left in the possession of the owner.After they have been disarmed, foreign combatants may be handed over to the author\u00ad ity responsible for their transportation to an internment facility \u2014 usually the police or security forces. The assistance of peacekeeping forces and any other relevant agencies may be required.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1262, "Sentence":"The assistance of peacekeeping forces and any other relevant agencies may be required.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements assistance peacekeeping force relevant agency may required ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.6. Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The host country, in collaboration with UN missions and other relevant international agencies, should decide at an early stage what level of demobilization of interned foreign combatants is desirable and within what time\u00adframe. This will depend partly on the profile and motives of internees, and will determine the types of structures, services and level of security in the internment facility. For example, keeping military command and control structures will assist with maintaining discipline through commanders. Lack of demobilization, however, will delay the process of internees becoming civilians, and as a result the possibility of their gaining future refugee status as an exit strategy for foreign combatants who are seeking asylum. On the other hand, discouraging and dismantling military hierarchies will assist the demobilization process. Reuniting family members or putting them in contact with each other and providing skills training, peace education and rehabilitation programmes will also aid demobilization. Mixing different and rival factions from the country of origin, the feasibility of which will depend on the nature of the conflict and the reasons for the fighting, will also make demobilization and reconciliation processes easier.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1263, "Sentence":"The host country, in collaboration with UN missions and other relevant international agencies, should decide at an early stage what level of demobilization of interned foreign combatants is desirable and within what time\u00adframe.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements host country collaboration un mission relevant international agency decide early stage level demobilization interned foreign combatant desirable within time\u00adframe ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.6. Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The host country, in collaboration with UN missions and other relevant international agencies, should decide at an early stage what level of demobilization of interned foreign combatants is desirable and within what time\u00adframe. This will depend partly on the profile and motives of internees, and will determine the types of structures, services and level of security in the internment facility. For example, keeping military command and control structures will assist with maintaining discipline through commanders. Lack of demobilization, however, will delay the process of internees becoming civilians, and as a result the possibility of their gaining future refugee status as an exit strategy for foreign combatants who are seeking asylum. On the other hand, discouraging and dismantling military hierarchies will assist the demobilization process. Reuniting family members or putting them in contact with each other and providing skills training, peace education and rehabilitation programmes will also aid demobilization. Mixing different and rival factions from the country of origin, the feasibility of which will depend on the nature of the conflict and the reasons for the fighting, will also make demobilization and reconciliation processes easier.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1263, "Sentence":"This will depend partly on the profile and motives of internees, and will determine the types of structures, services and level of security in the internment facility.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements depend partly profile motif internee determine type structure service level security internment facility ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.6. Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The host country, in collaboration with UN missions and other relevant international agencies, should decide at an early stage what level of demobilization of interned foreign combatants is desirable and within what time\u00adframe. This will depend partly on the profile and motives of internees, and will determine the types of structures, services and level of security in the internment facility. For example, keeping military command and control structures will assist with maintaining discipline through commanders. Lack of demobilization, however, will delay the process of internees becoming civilians, and as a result the possibility of their gaining future refugee status as an exit strategy for foreign combatants who are seeking asylum. On the other hand, discouraging and dismantling military hierarchies will assist the demobilization process. Reuniting family members or putting them in contact with each other and providing skills training, peace education and rehabilitation programmes will also aid demobilization. Mixing different and rival factions from the country of origin, the feasibility of which will depend on the nature of the conflict and the reasons for the fighting, will also make demobilization and reconciliation processes easier.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1263, "Sentence":"For example, keeping military command and control structures will assist with maintaining discipline through commanders.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements example keeping military command control structure assist maintaining discipline commander ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.6. Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The host country, in collaboration with UN missions and other relevant international agencies, should decide at an early stage what level of demobilization of interned foreign combatants is desirable and within what time\u00adframe. This will depend partly on the profile and motives of internees, and will determine the types of structures, services and level of security in the internment facility. For example, keeping military command and control structures will assist with maintaining discipline through commanders. Lack of demobilization, however, will delay the process of internees becoming civilians, and as a result the possibility of their gaining future refugee status as an exit strategy for foreign combatants who are seeking asylum. On the other hand, discouraging and dismantling military hierarchies will assist the demobilization process. Reuniting family members or putting them in contact with each other and providing skills training, peace education and rehabilitation programmes will also aid demobilization. Mixing different and rival factions from the country of origin, the feasibility of which will depend on the nature of the conflict and the reasons for the fighting, will also make demobilization and reconciliation processes easier.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1263, "Sentence":"Lack of demobilization, however, will delay the process of internees becoming civilians, and as a result the possibility of their gaining future refugee status as an exit strategy for foreign combatants who are seeking asylum.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements lack demobilization however delay process internee becoming civilian result possibility gaining future refugee status exit strategy foreign combatant seeking asylum ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.6. Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The host country, in collaboration with UN missions and other relevant international agencies, should decide at an early stage what level of demobilization of interned foreign combatants is desirable and within what time\u00adframe. This will depend partly on the profile and motives of internees, and will determine the types of structures, services and level of security in the internment facility. For example, keeping military command and control structures will assist with maintaining discipline through commanders. Lack of demobilization, however, will delay the process of internees becoming civilians, and as a result the possibility of their gaining future refugee status as an exit strategy for foreign combatants who are seeking asylum. On the other hand, discouraging and dismantling military hierarchies will assist the demobilization process. Reuniting family members or putting them in contact with each other and providing skills training, peace education and rehabilitation programmes will also aid demobilization. Mixing different and rival factions from the country of origin, the feasibility of which will depend on the nature of the conflict and the reasons for the fighting, will also make demobilization and reconciliation processes easier.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1263, "Sentence":"On the other hand, discouraging and dismantling military hierarchies will assist the demobilization process.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements hand discouraging dismantling military hierarchy assist demobilization process ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.6. Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The host country, in collaboration with UN missions and other relevant international agencies, should decide at an early stage what level of demobilization of interned foreign combatants is desirable and within what time\u00adframe. This will depend partly on the profile and motives of internees, and will determine the types of structures, services and level of security in the internment facility. For example, keeping military command and control structures will assist with maintaining discipline through commanders. Lack of demobilization, however, will delay the process of internees becoming civilians, and as a result the possibility of their gaining future refugee status as an exit strategy for foreign combatants who are seeking asylum. On the other hand, discouraging and dismantling military hierarchies will assist the demobilization process. Reuniting family members or putting them in contact with each other and providing skills training, peace education and rehabilitation programmes will also aid demobilization. Mixing different and rival factions from the country of origin, the feasibility of which will depend on the nature of the conflict and the reasons for the fighting, will also make demobilization and reconciliation processes easier.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1263, "Sentence":"Reuniting family members or putting them in contact with each other and providing skills training, peace education and rehabilitation programmes will also aid demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements reuniting family member putting contact providing skill training peace education rehabilitation programme also aid demobilization ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.6. Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"The host country, in collaboration with UN missions and other relevant international agencies, should decide at an early stage what level of demobilization of interned foreign combatants is desirable and within what time\u00adframe. This will depend partly on the profile and motives of internees, and will determine the types of structures, services and level of security in the internment facility. For example, keeping military command and control structures will assist with maintaining discipline through commanders. Lack of demobilization, however, will delay the process of internees becoming civilians, and as a result the possibility of their gaining future refugee status as an exit strategy for foreign combatants who are seeking asylum. On the other hand, discouraging and dismantling military hierarchies will assist the demobilization process. Reuniting family members or putting them in contact with each other and providing skills training, peace education and rehabilitation programmes will also aid demobilization. Mixing different and rival factions from the country of origin, the feasibility of which will depend on the nature of the conflict and the reasons for the fighting, will also make demobilization and reconciliation processes easier.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1263, "Sentence":"Mixing different and rival factions from the country of origin, the feasibility of which will depend on the nature of the conflict and the reasons for the fighting, will also make demobilization and reconciliation processes easier.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements mixing different rival faction country origin feasibility depend nature conflict reason fighting also make demobilization reconciliation process easier ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"The nature of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Article 11 of the 1907 Hague Convention provides that: \u201cA Neutral Power which receives on its territory troops belonging to the belligerent armies shall intern them, as far as possible, at a distance from the theatre of war. It may keep them in camps and even confine them in fortresses or in places set apart for this purpose. It shall decide whether officers can be left at liberty on giving their parole not to leave the neutral territory without permission.\u201d Internment therefore does not necessarily require complete loss of liberty, and host States could grant internees varying degrees of freedom of movement, as long as the foreign combatants can no longer participate in hostilities from the neutral States\u2019 territory. The host government should therefore decide what level of freedom of movement it wants to allow internees and set up a system to regulate movement in and out of internment camps. In order to be able to monitor the movement of internees properly and prevent them from engaging in unlawful activities, including use of the host country\u2019s territory for military purposes, it is likely to be necessary for internment to involve at least some level of confinement. Depending on the local circumstances (mainly the extent of the security risk), this may range from a closed camp with no external freedom of movement to systems that provide for freedom of movement (e.g., a pass system that permits visits outside the camp or a system of reporting to authorities).Article 12 of the Convention lays down the conditions of treatment for internees as follows: \u201cIn the absence of a special convention to the contrary, the Neutral Power shall supply the interned with the food, clothing, and relief required by humanity. At the conclu\u00ad sion of peace the expenses caused by the internment shall be made good.\u201d", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1264, "Sentence":"Article 11 of the 1907 Hague Convention provides that: \u201cA Neutral Power which receives on its territory troops belonging to the belligerent armies shall intern them, as far as possible, at a distance from the theatre of war.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements article 11 1907 hague convention provides \u201c neutral power receives territory troop belonging belligerent army shall intern far possible distance theatre war ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"The nature of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Article 11 of the 1907 Hague Convention provides that: \u201cA Neutral Power which receives on its territory troops belonging to the belligerent armies shall intern them, as far as possible, at a distance from the theatre of war. It may keep them in camps and even confine them in fortresses or in places set apart for this purpose. It shall decide whether officers can be left at liberty on giving their parole not to leave the neutral territory without permission.\u201d Internment therefore does not necessarily require complete loss of liberty, and host States could grant internees varying degrees of freedom of movement, as long as the foreign combatants can no longer participate in hostilities from the neutral States\u2019 territory. The host government should therefore decide what level of freedom of movement it wants to allow internees and set up a system to regulate movement in and out of internment camps. In order to be able to monitor the movement of internees properly and prevent them from engaging in unlawful activities, including use of the host country\u2019s territory for military purposes, it is likely to be necessary for internment to involve at least some level of confinement. Depending on the local circumstances (mainly the extent of the security risk), this may range from a closed camp with no external freedom of movement to systems that provide for freedom of movement (e.g., a pass system that permits visits outside the camp or a system of reporting to authorities).Article 12 of the Convention lays down the conditions of treatment for internees as follows: \u201cIn the absence of a special convention to the contrary, the Neutral Power shall supply the interned with the food, clothing, and relief required by humanity. At the conclu\u00ad sion of peace the expenses caused by the internment shall be made good.\u201d", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1264, "Sentence":"It may keep them in camps and even confine them in fortresses or in places set apart for this purpose.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements may keep camp even confine fortress place set apart purpose ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"The nature of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Article 11 of the 1907 Hague Convention provides that: \u201cA Neutral Power which receives on its territory troops belonging to the belligerent armies shall intern them, as far as possible, at a distance from the theatre of war. It may keep them in camps and even confine them in fortresses or in places set apart for this purpose. It shall decide whether officers can be left at liberty on giving their parole not to leave the neutral territory without permission.\u201d Internment therefore does not necessarily require complete loss of liberty, and host States could grant internees varying degrees of freedom of movement, as long as the foreign combatants can no longer participate in hostilities from the neutral States\u2019 territory. The host government should therefore decide what level of freedom of movement it wants to allow internees and set up a system to regulate movement in and out of internment camps. In order to be able to monitor the movement of internees properly and prevent them from engaging in unlawful activities, including use of the host country\u2019s territory for military purposes, it is likely to be necessary for internment to involve at least some level of confinement. Depending on the local circumstances (mainly the extent of the security risk), this may range from a closed camp with no external freedom of movement to systems that provide for freedom of movement (e.g., a pass system that permits visits outside the camp or a system of reporting to authorities).Article 12 of the Convention lays down the conditions of treatment for internees as follows: \u201cIn the absence of a special convention to the contrary, the Neutral Power shall supply the interned with the food, clothing, and relief required by humanity. At the conclu\u00ad sion of peace the expenses caused by the internment shall be made good.\u201d", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1264, "Sentence":"It shall decide whether officers can be left at liberty on giving their parole not to leave the neutral territory without permission.\u201d Internment therefore does not necessarily require complete loss of liberty, and host States could grant internees varying degrees of freedom of movement, as long as the foreign combatants can no longer participate in hostilities from the neutral States\u2019 territory.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements shall decide whether officer left liberty giving parole leave neutral territory without permission. \u201d internment therefore necessarily require complete loss liberty host state could grant internee varying degree freedom movement long foreign combatant longer participate hostility neutral state \u2019 territory ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"The nature of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Article 11 of the 1907 Hague Convention provides that: \u201cA Neutral Power which receives on its territory troops belonging to the belligerent armies shall intern them, as far as possible, at a distance from the theatre of war. It may keep them in camps and even confine them in fortresses or in places set apart for this purpose. It shall decide whether officers can be left at liberty on giving their parole not to leave the neutral territory without permission.\u201d Internment therefore does not necessarily require complete loss of liberty, and host States could grant internees varying degrees of freedom of movement, as long as the foreign combatants can no longer participate in hostilities from the neutral States\u2019 territory. The host government should therefore decide what level of freedom of movement it wants to allow internees and set up a system to regulate movement in and out of internment camps. In order to be able to monitor the movement of internees properly and prevent them from engaging in unlawful activities, including use of the host country\u2019s territory for military purposes, it is likely to be necessary for internment to involve at least some level of confinement. Depending on the local circumstances (mainly the extent of the security risk), this may range from a closed camp with no external freedom of movement to systems that provide for freedom of movement (e.g., a pass system that permits visits outside the camp or a system of reporting to authorities).Article 12 of the Convention lays down the conditions of treatment for internees as follows: \u201cIn the absence of a special convention to the contrary, the Neutral Power shall supply the interned with the food, clothing, and relief required by humanity. At the conclu\u00ad sion of peace the expenses caused by the internment shall be made good.\u201d", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1264, "Sentence":"The host government should therefore decide what level of freedom of movement it wants to allow internees and set up a system to regulate movement in and out of internment camps.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements host government therefore decide level freedom movement want allow internee set system regulate movement internment camp ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"The nature of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Article 11 of the 1907 Hague Convention provides that: \u201cA Neutral Power which receives on its territory troops belonging to the belligerent armies shall intern them, as far as possible, at a distance from the theatre of war. It may keep them in camps and even confine them in fortresses or in places set apart for this purpose. It shall decide whether officers can be left at liberty on giving their parole not to leave the neutral territory without permission.\u201d Internment therefore does not necessarily require complete loss of liberty, and host States could grant internees varying degrees of freedom of movement, as long as the foreign combatants can no longer participate in hostilities from the neutral States\u2019 territory. The host government should therefore decide what level of freedom of movement it wants to allow internees and set up a system to regulate movement in and out of internment camps. In order to be able to monitor the movement of internees properly and prevent them from engaging in unlawful activities, including use of the host country\u2019s territory for military purposes, it is likely to be necessary for internment to involve at least some level of confinement. Depending on the local circumstances (mainly the extent of the security risk), this may range from a closed camp with no external freedom of movement to systems that provide for freedom of movement (e.g., a pass system that permits visits outside the camp or a system of reporting to authorities).Article 12 of the Convention lays down the conditions of treatment for internees as follows: \u201cIn the absence of a special convention to the contrary, the Neutral Power shall supply the interned with the food, clothing, and relief required by humanity. At the conclu\u00ad sion of peace the expenses caused by the internment shall be made good.\u201d", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1264, "Sentence":"In order to be able to monitor the movement of internees properly and prevent them from engaging in unlawful activities, including use of the host country\u2019s territory for military purposes, it is likely to be necessary for internment to involve at least some level of confinement.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements order able monitor movement internee properly prevent engaging unlawful activity including use host country \u2019 territory military purpose likely necessary internment involve least level confinement ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"The nature of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Article 11 of the 1907 Hague Convention provides that: \u201cA Neutral Power which receives on its territory troops belonging to the belligerent armies shall intern them, as far as possible, at a distance from the theatre of war. It may keep them in camps and even confine them in fortresses or in places set apart for this purpose. It shall decide whether officers can be left at liberty on giving their parole not to leave the neutral territory without permission.\u201d Internment therefore does not necessarily require complete loss of liberty, and host States could grant internees varying degrees of freedom of movement, as long as the foreign combatants can no longer participate in hostilities from the neutral States\u2019 territory. The host government should therefore decide what level of freedom of movement it wants to allow internees and set up a system to regulate movement in and out of internment camps. In order to be able to monitor the movement of internees properly and prevent them from engaging in unlawful activities, including use of the host country\u2019s territory for military purposes, it is likely to be necessary for internment to involve at least some level of confinement. Depending on the local circumstances (mainly the extent of the security risk), this may range from a closed camp with no external freedom of movement to systems that provide for freedom of movement (e.g., a pass system that permits visits outside the camp or a system of reporting to authorities).Article 12 of the Convention lays down the conditions of treatment for internees as follows: \u201cIn the absence of a special convention to the contrary, the Neutral Power shall supply the interned with the food, clothing, and relief required by humanity. At the conclu\u00ad sion of peace the expenses caused by the internment shall be made good.\u201d", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1264, "Sentence":"Depending on the local circumstances (mainly the extent of the security risk), this may range from a closed camp with no external freedom of movement to systems that provide for freedom of movement (e.g., a pass system that permits visits outside the camp or a system of reporting to authorities).Article 12 of the Convention lays down the conditions of treatment for internees as follows: \u201cIn the absence of a special convention to the contrary, the Neutral Power shall supply the interned with the food, clothing, and relief required by humanity.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements depending local circumstance mainly extent security risk may range closed camp external freedom movement system provide freedom movement e.g . pas system permit visit outside camp system reporting authorities.article 12 convention lay condition treatment internee follows \u201c absence special convention contrary neutral power shall supply interned food clothing relief required humanity ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"The nature of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Article 11 of the 1907 Hague Convention provides that: \u201cA Neutral Power which receives on its territory troops belonging to the belligerent armies shall intern them, as far as possible, at a distance from the theatre of war. It may keep them in camps and even confine them in fortresses or in places set apart for this purpose. It shall decide whether officers can be left at liberty on giving their parole not to leave the neutral territory without permission.\u201d Internment therefore does not necessarily require complete loss of liberty, and host States could grant internees varying degrees of freedom of movement, as long as the foreign combatants can no longer participate in hostilities from the neutral States\u2019 territory. The host government should therefore decide what level of freedom of movement it wants to allow internees and set up a system to regulate movement in and out of internment camps. In order to be able to monitor the movement of internees properly and prevent them from engaging in unlawful activities, including use of the host country\u2019s territory for military purposes, it is likely to be necessary for internment to involve at least some level of confinement. Depending on the local circumstances (mainly the extent of the security risk), this may range from a closed camp with no external freedom of movement to systems that provide for freedom of movement (e.g., a pass system that permits visits outside the camp or a system of reporting to authorities).Article 12 of the Convention lays down the conditions of treatment for internees as follows: \u201cIn the absence of a special convention to the contrary, the Neutral Power shall supply the interned with the food, clothing, and relief required by humanity. At the conclu\u00ad sion of peace the expenses caused by the internment shall be made good.\u201d", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1264, "Sentence":"At the conclu\u00ad sion of peace the expenses caused by the internment shall be made good.\u201d", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements conclu\u00ad sion peace expense caused internment shall made good . \u201d" }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements third geneva convention 1949 lay minimum right condition intern\u00ad ment granted captured combatant ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention?", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements right also apply analogy foreign combatant interned neutral state.what basic standard third geneva convention" }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"\\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n internee must treated humanely time entitled respect person art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 3 n must harmful discrimination among internee art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 16 n female internee must treated way caters specific need must given treatment favourable given men art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 14 n internee must provided free charge necessary maintenance medical attention required state health art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 15 n physical mental torture form coercion may inflicted get information kind art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 17 n internee must provided identity card art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 17 n separated civilian combatant must evacuated soon possible camp safe distance away combat zone evacuation must carried humanely i.e . evacuee must given sufficient food drinking water necessary clothing medical attention art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 19 20 n interned combatant must accommodated prison art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 22 n place internment must hygienic healthy place live ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements internee \u2019 quarter must protected dampness adequately heated lighted level 5 crosscutting issue crossborder population movement 15 5.40 condition must harm health ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements camp must kept clean proper sanitary measure taken prevent epidemic art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 22 25 29 n female internee must accommodated separately men separate dormitory hygienic supply provided art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 25 29 n daily food ration must sufficient quantity quality variety keep internee good health habitual diet must also taken account art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 26 n internee must enjoy complete freedom exercise religion practice sport intellectual activity art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 34\u201338 n internee must permitted receive send letter well individual parcel collective shipment e.g . food clothing art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 71\u201373 n internee \u2019 working condition properly regulated art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 49\u201357 n internee must right make request authority interning regarding condition captivity art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 78.additional protocol ii relating protection victim non\u00adinternational armed conflict provides part ii humane non\u00addiscriminatory treatment take direct part ceased take part hostility whether liberty restricted ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II?", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements person may include internees.what applicable standard additional protocol ii" }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"\\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n internee must receive similar treatment local civilian population regarding provision food drinking water health hygiene protection climate danger armed conflict art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 51b n must allowed receive individual collective relief art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 51c n must freedom practise religion art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 51d n made work must benefit working condition safeguard similar enjoyed local civilian population art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 51e n allowed send receive letter card art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 52b n place internment must located close combat zone art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 52c n internee must evacuated condition safety internment site becomes exposed danger arising armed conflict art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 52c n internee entitled free medical examination treatment art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 52d n internee \u2019 physical mental health integrity must endangered unjustified act omission art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 52e n woman must accommodated separate quarter supervision woman except accommodated male family member art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 52a n decided release person deprived liberty necessary measure must taken ensure safety art ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Standards of internment", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The Third Geneva Convention of 1949 lays down minimum rights and conditions of intern\u00ad ment to be granted to captured combatants. These rights also apply by analogy to foreign combatants interned in a neutral State.What are the basic standards under the Third Geneva Convention? \\n Internees must be treated humanely at all times and are entitled to respect for their person (art. 3); \\n There must be no harmful discrimination among internees (art. 16); \\n Female internees must be treated in a way that caters for their specific needs and must be given treatment as favourable as that given to men (art. 14); \\n Internees must be provided, free of charge, with the necessary maintenance and medical attention required by their state of health (art. 15); \\n No physical or mental torture, or any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on them to get information of any kind (art. 17); \\n Internees must be provided with an identity card (art. 17); \\n After they are separated from civilians, combatants must be evacuated as soon as possible to camps a safe distance away from the combat zone, and these evacuations must be carried out humanely (i.e., evacuees must be given sufficient food, drinking water and necessary clothing and medical attention) (arts. 19 and 20); \\n Interned combatants must not be accommodated in prisons (art. 22); \\n Places of internment must be hygienic and healthy places to live. Internees\u2019 quarters must be protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 15 5.40 (conditions must not harm their health). Camps must be kept clean, and proper sanitary measures should be taken to prevent epidemics (arts. 22, 25 and 29); \\n Female internees must be accommodated separately from men, and separate dormitories and hygienic supplies should be provided for them (arts. 25 and 29); \\n Daily food rations must be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep internees in good health, and their habitual diet must also be taken into account (art. 26); \\n Internees must enjoy complete freedom in the exercise of their religion and in the practice of sports and intellectual activities (arts. 34\u201338); \\n Internees must be permitted to receive and send letters, as well as individual parcels or collective shipments (e.g., of food, clothing) (arts. 71\u201373); \\n Internees\u2019 working conditions should be properly regulated (arts. 49\u201357); \\n Internees must have the right to make requests to the authorities interning them regarding their conditions of captivity (art. 78).Additional Protocol II relating to Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInternational Armed Conflicts provides in Part II for humane, non\u00addiscriminatory treatment for those who do not take a direct part in, or who have ceased to take part in, hostilities, whether or not their liberty has been restricted. Such persons may include internees.What are applicable standards under Additional Protocol II? \\n Internees must receive similar treatment to the local civilian population regarding provision of food and drinking water, health and hygiene, and protection against the climate and the dangers of the armed conflict (art. 5[1][b]); \\n They must be allowed to receive individual or collective relief (art. 5[1][c]); \\n They must have freedom to practise their religion (art. 5[1][d]); \\n If made to work, they must have the benefit of working conditions and safeguards similar to those enjoyed by the local civilian population (art. 5[1][e]); \\n They should be allowed to send and receive letters and cards (art. 5[2][b]); \\n Places of internment must not be located close to the combat zone (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees must be evacuated under conditions of safety if the internment site becomes exposed to danger arising out of the armed conflict (art. 5[2][c]); \\n Internees are entitled to free medical examinations and treatment (art. 5[2][d]); \\n Internees\u2019 physical or mental health and integrity must not be endangered by any unjustified act or omission (art. 5[2][e]); \\n Women must be accommodated in separate quarters and be under the supervision of women, except where they are accommodated with male family members (art. 5[2][a]); \\n If it is decided to release persons deprived of their liberty, necessary measures must be taken to ensure their safety (art. 5[4]).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1265, "Sentence":"5[4]).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 54 ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements least early stage setting managing internment camp likely host government lack capacity resource task ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements international agency important role play acquiring supplying resource order assist host government provide internee \u201c relief required humanity \u201d required hague convention n collaboration host government international agency assist awareness\u00adraising lobbying donor take place soon possible donor funding often take time made available ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements donor informed resource needed separate intern combatant benefit policy e.g . maintaining state security helping host government keep border open asylum seeker etc ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n international agency favourably consider contributing financial grant mate\u00ad rial assistance internment programme especially early phase host government donor funding programme ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements contributing assistance even ad hoc temporary basis make international agency \u2019 advocacy advisory role effective ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements following illustration way international agency contributefood ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"WFP may assist with providing food.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements wfp may assist providing food ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements given inability internee feed restricted freedom movement internee entitled full food ration least 2100 kilocalorie per day ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"\\n Health care.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n health care ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements international agency \u2019 partner e.g . local red cross society may able provide mobile health clinic supplement hospital treatment serious medical matter ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements medical care include reproductive health care female internee ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"\\n Non-food items.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n nonfood item ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements item plastic sheeting plate bucket blanket sleeping mat soap etc ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements needed internee agency contribution essential ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements agency unhcr icrc resource may able give extra assistance least temporarily government receives regular donor funding internment initiative ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"\\n Registration and documentation.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n registration documentation ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements agency could help host government develop system registration issuing identity documentation ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements agency often need data e.g . icrc order arrange family tracing family visit unhcr purpose getting information profile internee may later come within mandate later stage internee apply refugee status ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements icrc may issue documentation internee connection detentionmonitoring role ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"\\n Skills training.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n skill training ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements combat problem idleness provide rehabilitation alternative skill internee well maintain order dignity internment agency partner must try provide\/fund vocational skill training programme soon possible ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements order demobilization reintegration start internment camp essential skill training programme could help internee become rehabilitated ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements social skill training would also helpful sensitization human right civic education peacebuilding hiv\/aids sexual genderbased violence ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"\\n Recreation.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n recreation ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements sufficient space recreation sporting equipment provided purpose recreation ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"\\n Re-establishing family links.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n reestablishing family link ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements icrc together national society try trace family member internee across border within host country allow family link reestablished maintained e.g . exchange red cross message ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements civilian family member also crossed host country arrangement made maintaining family unity ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements various option family could accommodated internment camp separate nearby facility refugee camp settlement ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements family member voluntarily accommodated level 5 crosscutting issue crossborder population movement 17 5.40 together near internee advantage preserving family unity helping break military hierarchy internment camp reducing risk local\/refugee community retaliation family member account connection combatant minimizing chance combatant moving civilian site order family member ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements however family member may face security risk including physical violence sexual harassment internee ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements civilian spouse child accommodated internee regular adequate family visit internment camp must arranged icrc unhcr relevant agency ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"\\n Monitoring.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n monitoring ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements icrc able carry regular confidential monitoring internment camp including treatment internee standard internment accordance mandate person deprived liberty reason related armed conflict ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements report monitoring visit provided confidential basis government host country ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"\\n Host communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n host community ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements involvement support host community vital internment process ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Assistance by the international community", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"At least at the early stages of setting up and managing an internment camp, it is likely that host governments will lack capacity and resources for the task. International agencies have an important role to play in acquiring and supplying resources in order to assist the host government to provide internees with the \u201crelief required by humanity\u201d (as required under the Hague Convention): \\n In collaboration with the host government, international agencies should assist with awareness\u00adraising and lobbying of donors, which should take place as soon as possible, as donor funding often takes time to be made available. Donors should be informed about the resource needed to separate and intern combatants and the benefits of such policies, e.g., maintaining State security, helping the host government to keep borders open for asylum seekers, etc.; \\n International agencies should favourably consider contributing financial grants, mate\u00ad rial and other assistance to internment programmes, especially in the early phases when the host government will not have donor funding for such programmes. Contributing assistance, even on an ad hoc and temporary basis, will make international agencies\u2019 advocacy and advisory roles more effective. The following are some illustrations of ways in which international agencies can contribute:Food. WFP may assist with providing food. Given the inability of internees to feed themselves because of their restricted freedom of movement, each internee should be entitled to a full food ration of at least 2,100 kilocalories per day. \\n Health care. International agencies\u2019 partners (e.g., local Red Cross societies) may be able to provide mobile health clinics, to supplement hospital treatment for more serious medical matters. Medical care should include reproductive health care for female internees. \\n Non-food items. Items such as plastic sheeting, plates, buckets, blankets, sleeping mats, soap, etc. will be needed for each internee and agency contributions will be essential. Agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC, if they have the resources, may be able to give extra assistance at least temporarily until the government receives regular donor funding for the internment initiative. \\n Registration and documentation. Agencies could help the host government to develop a system for registration and issuing of identity documentation. Agencies will often need the data themselves, e.g., ICRC in order to arrange family tracing and family visits, and UNHCR for the purpose of getting information on the profiles of internees who may later come within their mandate if, at a later stage, internees apply for refugee status. ICRC may issue its own documentation to internees in connection with its detention-monitoring role. \\n Skills training. To combat the problem of idleness and to provide rehabilitation and alternative skills for internees, as well as to maintain order and dignity during internment, agency partners must try to provide\/fund vocational skills training programmes as soon as possible. In order for demobilization and reintegration to start in internment camps, it is essential to have skills training programmes that could help internees to become rehabilitated. Social skills training would also be helpful here, such as sensitization in human rights, civic education, peace-building, HIV\/AIDS, and sexual and gender-based violence. \\n Recreation. Sufficient space for recreation and sporting equipment should be provided for the purpose of recreation. \\n Re-establishing family links. ICRC, together with national societies, should try to trace family members of internees, both across borders and within the host country, which will allow family links to be re-established and maintained (e.g., through exchange of Red Cross messages). Where civilian family members have also crossed into the host country, arrangements should be made for maintaining family unity. There are various options: families could be accommodated in internment camps, or in a separate nearby facility, or in a refugee camp or settlement. If family members are voluntarily accommodated Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 17 5.40 together with or near to internees, this has the advantage of preserving family unity, helping to break down military hierarchies in internment camps, reducing risks of local\/refugee community retaliation against the family members on account of their connections to combatants, and minimizing the chances of combatants moving to civilian sites in order to be with their family members. However, the family members may face security risks, including physical violence and sexual harassment, from internees. Where civilian spouses and children are not accommodated with internees, regular and adequate family visits to internment camps must be arranged by ICRC, UNHCR or other relevant agencies. \\n Monitoring. ICRC should be able to carry out regular, confidential monitoring of internment camps, including the treatment of internees and the standards of their internment, in accordance with its mandate for persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflict. Reports from monitoring visits will be provided on a confidential basis to the government of the host country. \\n Host communities. The involvement and support of host communities will be vital to the internment process. Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1266, "Sentence":"Therefore, agencies should consider providing host communities with community-based development assistance programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements therefore agency consider providing host community communitybased development assistance programme ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Nationality issues", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"In view of the chaotic conditions usually found in conflict situations and the difficulties in setting up an adequate identification programme that could be operational immediately, combatants may be admitted to separation, disarmament and internment processes re\u00ad gardless of their nationality. Hence, it would be more practical to deal with problems of nationality at the end of internment, in order to decide, in consultation with the former combatants, the country in which they would undergo a DDR programme and the country to which they would finally return. This will require liaison between the governments in\u00ad volved, and should be closely monitored\/supervised by the relevant agencies.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1267, "Sentence":"In view of the chaotic conditions usually found in conflict situations and the difficulties in setting up an adequate identification programme that could be operational immediately, combatants may be admitted to separation, disarmament and internment processes re\u00ad gardless of their nationality.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements view chaotic condition usually found conflict situation difficulty setting adequate identification programme could operational immediately combatant may admitted separation disarmament internment process re\u00ad gardless nationality ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Nationality issues", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"In view of the chaotic conditions usually found in conflict situations and the difficulties in setting up an adequate identification programme that could be operational immediately, combatants may be admitted to separation, disarmament and internment processes re\u00ad gardless of their nationality. Hence, it would be more practical to deal with problems of nationality at the end of internment, in order to decide, in consultation with the former combatants, the country in which they would undergo a DDR programme and the country to which they would finally return. This will require liaison between the governments in\u00ad volved, and should be closely monitored\/supervised by the relevant agencies.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1267, "Sentence":"Hence, it would be more practical to deal with problems of nationality at the end of internment, in order to decide, in consultation with the former combatants, the country in which they would undergo a DDR programme and the country to which they would finally return.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements hence would practical deal problem nationality end internment order decide consultation former combatant country would undergo ddr programme country would finally return ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Nationality issues", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"In view of the chaotic conditions usually found in conflict situations and the difficulties in setting up an adequate identification programme that could be operational immediately, combatants may be admitted to separation, disarmament and internment processes re\u00ad gardless of their nationality. Hence, it would be more practical to deal with problems of nationality at the end of internment, in order to decide, in consultation with the former combatants, the country in which they would undergo a DDR programme and the country to which they would finally return. This will require liaison between the governments in\u00ad volved, and should be closely monitored\/supervised by the relevant agencies.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1267, "Sentence":"This will require liaison between the governments in\u00ad volved, and should be closely monitored\/supervised by the relevant agencies.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements require liaison government in\u00ad volved closely monitored\/supervised relevant agency ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Special requirements of female combatants", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Internment camps should provide gender\u00adappropriate facilities, including separate accom\u00ad modation, washing and toilet facilities, as well as sex\u00adspecific health services, including reproductive health care. This must include sanitary kits and clean birthing kits for women. Women with babies should be given the means to care for their own children. With the ex\u00ad ception of young babies, accommodating children in internment camps should be avoided and alternative accommodation should be found for them and their mothers. When intern\u00ad ees are transported, sufficient vehicles should be provided to offer women the option of being transported separately from men, if their personal safety is threatened. Protection from sexual harassment and other violence should be ensured at all times (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1268, "Sentence":"Internment camps should provide gender\u00adappropriate facilities, including separate accom\u00ad modation, washing and toilet facilities, as well as sex\u00adspecific health services, including reproductive health care.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements internment camp provide gender\u00adappropriate facility including separate accom\u00ad modation washing toilet facility well sex\u00adspecific health service including reproductive health care ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Special requirements of female combatants", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Internment camps should provide gender\u00adappropriate facilities, including separate accom\u00ad modation, washing and toilet facilities, as well as sex\u00adspecific health services, including reproductive health care. This must include sanitary kits and clean birthing kits for women. Women with babies should be given the means to care for their own children. With the ex\u00ad ception of young babies, accommodating children in internment camps should be avoided and alternative accommodation should be found for them and their mothers. When intern\u00ad ees are transported, sufficient vehicles should be provided to offer women the option of being transported separately from men, if their personal safety is threatened. Protection from sexual harassment and other violence should be ensured at all times (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1268, "Sentence":"This must include sanitary kits and clean birthing kits for women.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements must include sanitary kit clean birthing kit woman ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Special requirements of female combatants", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Internment camps should provide gender\u00adappropriate facilities, including separate accom\u00ad modation, washing and toilet facilities, as well as sex\u00adspecific health services, including reproductive health care. This must include sanitary kits and clean birthing kits for women. Women with babies should be given the means to care for their own children. With the ex\u00ad ception of young babies, accommodating children in internment camps should be avoided and alternative accommodation should be found for them and their mothers. When intern\u00ad ees are transported, sufficient vehicles should be provided to offer women the option of being transported separately from men, if their personal safety is threatened. Protection from sexual harassment and other violence should be ensured at all times (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1268, "Sentence":"Women with babies should be given the means to care for their own children.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements woman baby given mean care child ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Special requirements of female combatants", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Internment camps should provide gender\u00adappropriate facilities, including separate accom\u00ad modation, washing and toilet facilities, as well as sex\u00adspecific health services, including reproductive health care. This must include sanitary kits and clean birthing kits for women. Women with babies should be given the means to care for their own children. With the ex\u00ad ception of young babies, accommodating children in internment camps should be avoided and alternative accommodation should be found for them and their mothers. When intern\u00ad ees are transported, sufficient vehicles should be provided to offer women the option of being transported separately from men, if their personal safety is threatened. Protection from sexual harassment and other violence should be ensured at all times (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1268, "Sentence":"With the ex\u00ad ception of young babies, accommodating children in internment camps should be avoided and alternative accommodation should be found for them and their mothers.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements ex\u00ad ception young baby accommodating child internment camp avoided alternative accommodation found mother ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Special requirements of female combatants", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Internment camps should provide gender\u00adappropriate facilities, including separate accom\u00ad modation, washing and toilet facilities, as well as sex\u00adspecific health services, including reproductive health care. This must include sanitary kits and clean birthing kits for women. Women with babies should be given the means to care for their own children. With the ex\u00ad ception of young babies, accommodating children in internment camps should be avoided and alternative accommodation should be found for them and their mothers. When intern\u00ad ees are transported, sufficient vehicles should be provided to offer women the option of being transported separately from men, if their personal safety is threatened. Protection from sexual harassment and other violence should be ensured at all times (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1268, "Sentence":"When intern\u00ad ees are transported, sufficient vehicles should be provided to offer women the option of being transported separately from men, if their personal safety is threatened.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements intern\u00ad ee transported sufficient vehicle provided offer woman option transported separately men personal safety threatened ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Special requirements of female combatants", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Internment camps should provide gender\u00adappropriate facilities, including separate accom\u00ad modation, washing and toilet facilities, as well as sex\u00adspecific health services, including reproductive health care. This must include sanitary kits and clean birthing kits for women. Women with babies should be given the means to care for their own children. With the ex\u00ad ception of young babies, accommodating children in internment camps should be avoided and alternative accommodation should be found for them and their mothers. When intern\u00ad ees are transported, sufficient vehicles should be provided to offer women the option of being transported separately from men, if their personal safety is threatened. Protection from sexual harassment and other violence should be ensured at all times (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1268, "Sentence":"Protection from sexual harassment and other violence should be ensured at all times (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements protection sexual harassment violence ensured time also see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Redressing incorrect internment decisions", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In the internment camps, authorities should have flexibility to review and change incorrect decisions regarding who has been interned on a case\u00adby\u00adcase basis. For this purpose, agen\u00ad cies with a protection mandate, such as ICRC, UNHCR, UNHCHR and UNICEF, should have confidential access to internees.Persons incorrectly interned include: \\n civilians who have not participated in military activities, and who could therefore be regarded as refugees or asylum seekers; \\n civilians who have not participated in military activities and who were abducted by combatants (including women and girls abducted for the purpose of sexual slavery and men abducted for medical or other labour services), but who do not fall within the definition of a refugee. Such persons will usually be voluntarily repatriated; \\n children associated with armed forces and groups who were not identified as children during the separation process, incorrectly ending up in internment camps for adult combatants; \\n persons who do not fit the definition of combatant, and who were separated and in\u00ad terned on the basis of criteria other than those established for the separation process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1269, "Sentence":"In the internment camps, authorities should have flexibility to review and change incorrect decisions regarding who has been interned on a case\u00adby\u00adcase basis.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements internment camp authority flexibility review change incorrect decision regarding interned case\u00adby\u00adcase basis ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Redressing incorrect internment decisions", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In the internment camps, authorities should have flexibility to review and change incorrect decisions regarding who has been interned on a case\u00adby\u00adcase basis. For this purpose, agen\u00ad cies with a protection mandate, such as ICRC, UNHCR, UNHCHR and UNICEF, should have confidential access to internees.Persons incorrectly interned include: \\n civilians who have not participated in military activities, and who could therefore be regarded as refugees or asylum seekers; \\n civilians who have not participated in military activities and who were abducted by combatants (including women and girls abducted for the purpose of sexual slavery and men abducted for medical or other labour services), but who do not fall within the definition of a refugee. Such persons will usually be voluntarily repatriated; \\n children associated with armed forces and groups who were not identified as children during the separation process, incorrectly ending up in internment camps for adult combatants; \\n persons who do not fit the definition of combatant, and who were separated and in\u00ad terned on the basis of criteria other than those established for the separation process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1269, "Sentence":"For this purpose, agen\u00ad cies with a protection mandate, such as ICRC, UNHCR, UNHCHR and UNICEF, should have confidential access to internees.Persons incorrectly interned include: \\n civilians who have not participated in military activities, and who could therefore be regarded as refugees or asylum seekers; \\n civilians who have not participated in military activities and who were abducted by combatants (including women and girls abducted for the purpose of sexual slavery and men abducted for medical or other labour services), but who do not fall within the definition of a refugee.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements purpose agen\u00ad cies protection mandate icrc unhcr unhchr unicef confidential access internees.persons incorrectly interned include n civilian participated military activity could therefore regarded refugee asylum seeker n civilian participated military activity abducted combatant including woman girl abducted purpose sexual slavery men abducted medical labour service fall within definition refugee ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Redressing incorrect internment decisions", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"In the internment camps, authorities should have flexibility to review and change incorrect decisions regarding who has been interned on a case\u00adby\u00adcase basis. For this purpose, agen\u00ad cies with a protection mandate, such as ICRC, UNHCR, UNHCHR and UNICEF, should have confidential access to internees.Persons incorrectly interned include: \\n civilians who have not participated in military activities, and who could therefore be regarded as refugees or asylum seekers; \\n civilians who have not participated in military activities and who were abducted by combatants (including women and girls abducted for the purpose of sexual slavery and men abducted for medical or other labour services), but who do not fall within the definition of a refugee. Such persons will usually be voluntarily repatriated; \\n children associated with armed forces and groups who were not identified as children during the separation process, incorrectly ending up in internment camps for adult combatants; \\n persons who do not fit the definition of combatant, and who were separated and in\u00ad terned on the basis of criteria other than those established for the separation process.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1269, "Sentence":"Such persons will usually be voluntarily repatriated; \\n children associated with armed forces and groups who were not identified as children during the separation process, incorrectly ending up in internment camps for adult combatants; \\n persons who do not fit the definition of combatant, and who were separated and in\u00ad terned on the basis of criteria other than those established for the separation process.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements person usually voluntarily repatriated n child associated armed force group identified child separation process incorrectly ending internment camp adult combatant n person fit definition combatant separated in\u00ad terned basis criterion established separation process ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Exit strategies", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"It is important, whenever possible, to plan for exit strategies for internment programmes, although where the conflict in the country of origin lasts a long time, internment may also be lengthy. Exit strategies may include: \\n including internees in DDR programmes in the country of origin at the end of the conflict; \\n deciding whether internees who are considered to have become civilians after a period of demobilization and who apply for refugee status should be given that status.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1270, "Sentence":"It is important, whenever possible, to plan for exit strategies for internment programmes, although where the conflict in the country of origin lasts a long time, internment may also be lengthy.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements important whenever possible plan exit strategy internment programme although conflict country origin last long time internment may also lengthy ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.7. Internment10", "Heading4":"Exit strategies", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"It is important, whenever possible, to plan for exit strategies for internment programmes, although where the conflict in the country of origin lasts a long time, internment may also be lengthy. Exit strategies may include: \\n including internees in DDR programmes in the country of origin at the end of the conflict; \\n deciding whether internees who are considered to have become civilians after a period of demobilization and who apply for refugee status should be given that status.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1270, "Sentence":"Exit strategies may include: \\n including internees in DDR programmes in the country of origin at the end of the conflict; \\n deciding whether internees who are considered to have become civilians after a period of demobilization and who apply for refugee status should be given that status.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements exit strategy may include n including internee ddr programme country origin end conflict n deciding whether internee considered become civilian period demobilization apply refugee status given status ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.8. Mercenarie", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"International law makes special provision for and prohibits the recruitment, use, financing or training of mercenaries. A mercenary is defined as a foreign fighter who is specially recruited to fight in an armed conflict, is motivated essentially by the desire for private gain, and is promised wages or other rewards much higher than those received by local combat\u00ad ants of a similar rank and function.12 Mercenaries are not considered to be combatants, and are not entitled to prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status. The crime of being a mercenary is committed by any person who sells his\/her labour as an armed fighter, or the State that assists or recruits mercenaries or allows mercenary activities to be carried out in territory under its jurisdiction. Not every foreign combatant meets the definition of a mercenary: those who are not motivated by private gain and given high wages and other rewards are not mercenaries. It may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants, because of the cross\u00adborder nature of many conflicts, ethnic links across porous borders, the high levels of recruitment and recycling of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region, sometimes the lack of real alternatives to recruitment, and the lack of a regional dimension to many previous DDR programmes.Even when a foreign combatant may fall within the definition of a mercenary, this does not limit the State\u2019s authority to include such a person in a DDR programme, despite any legal action States may choose to take against mercenaries and those who recruit them or assist them in other ways. In practice, in many conflicts, it is likely that officials carrying out disarmament and demobilization processes would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants. Since the achievement of lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, it is recommended that mercenaries should not be automatically excluded from DDR processes\/programmes, in order to break the cycle of recruitment and weapons circulation and provide the individual with sustain\u00ad able alternative ways of making a living.DDR programmers may establish criteria to deal with such cases. Issues for consideration include: Who is employing and commanding mercenaries and how do they fit into the conflict? What threat do mercenaries pose to the peace process, and are they factored into the peace accord? If there is resistance to account for mercenaries in peace processes, what are the underlying political reasons and how can the situation be resolved? How can mercenaries be identified and distinguished from other foreign combatants? Do individuals have the capacity to act on their own? Do they have a chain of command? If so, is their leadership seen as legitimate and representative by the other parties to the process and the UN? Can this leadership be approached for discussions on DDR? Do its members have an interest in DDR? If mercenaries fought for personal gain, are DDR benefits likely to be large enough to make them genuinely give up armed activities? If DDR is not appropriate, what measures can be put in place to deal with mercenaries, and by whom \u2014 their employers and\/or the national authorities and\/or the UN?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1271, "Sentence":"International law makes special provision for and prohibits the recruitment, use, financing or training of mercenaries.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements international law make special provision prohibits recruitment use financing training mercenary ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.8. Mercenarie", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"International law makes special provision for and prohibits the recruitment, use, financing or training of mercenaries. A mercenary is defined as a foreign fighter who is specially recruited to fight in an armed conflict, is motivated essentially by the desire for private gain, and is promised wages or other rewards much higher than those received by local combat\u00ad ants of a similar rank and function.12 Mercenaries are not considered to be combatants, and are not entitled to prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status. The crime of being a mercenary is committed by any person who sells his\/her labour as an armed fighter, or the State that assists or recruits mercenaries or allows mercenary activities to be carried out in territory under its jurisdiction. Not every foreign combatant meets the definition of a mercenary: those who are not motivated by private gain and given high wages and other rewards are not mercenaries. It may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants, because of the cross\u00adborder nature of many conflicts, ethnic links across porous borders, the high levels of recruitment and recycling of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region, sometimes the lack of real alternatives to recruitment, and the lack of a regional dimension to many previous DDR programmes.Even when a foreign combatant may fall within the definition of a mercenary, this does not limit the State\u2019s authority to include such a person in a DDR programme, despite any legal action States may choose to take against mercenaries and those who recruit them or assist them in other ways. In practice, in many conflicts, it is likely that officials carrying out disarmament and demobilization processes would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants. Since the achievement of lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, it is recommended that mercenaries should not be automatically excluded from DDR processes\/programmes, in order to break the cycle of recruitment and weapons circulation and provide the individual with sustain\u00ad able alternative ways of making a living.DDR programmers may establish criteria to deal with such cases. Issues for consideration include: Who is employing and commanding mercenaries and how do they fit into the conflict? What threat do mercenaries pose to the peace process, and are they factored into the peace accord? If there is resistance to account for mercenaries in peace processes, what are the underlying political reasons and how can the situation be resolved? How can mercenaries be identified and distinguished from other foreign combatants? Do individuals have the capacity to act on their own? Do they have a chain of command? If so, is their leadership seen as legitimate and representative by the other parties to the process and the UN? Can this leadership be approached for discussions on DDR? Do its members have an interest in DDR? If mercenaries fought for personal gain, are DDR benefits likely to be large enough to make them genuinely give up armed activities? If DDR is not appropriate, what measures can be put in place to deal with mercenaries, and by whom \u2014 their employers and\/or the national authorities and\/or the UN?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1271, "Sentence":"A mercenary is defined as a foreign fighter who is specially recruited to fight in an armed conflict, is motivated essentially by the desire for private gain, and is promised wages or other rewards much higher than those received by local combat\u00ad ants of a similar rank and function.12 Mercenaries are not considered to be combatants, and are not entitled to prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements mercenary defined foreign fighter specially recruited fight armed conflict motivated essentially desire private gain promised wage reward much higher received local combat\u00ad ant similar rank function.12 mercenary considered combatant entitled prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.8. Mercenarie", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"International law makes special provision for and prohibits the recruitment, use, financing or training of mercenaries. A mercenary is defined as a foreign fighter who is specially recruited to fight in an armed conflict, is motivated essentially by the desire for private gain, and is promised wages or other rewards much higher than those received by local combat\u00ad ants of a similar rank and function.12 Mercenaries are not considered to be combatants, and are not entitled to prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status. The crime of being a mercenary is committed by any person who sells his\/her labour as an armed fighter, or the State that assists or recruits mercenaries or allows mercenary activities to be carried out in territory under its jurisdiction. Not every foreign combatant meets the definition of a mercenary: those who are not motivated by private gain and given high wages and other rewards are not mercenaries. It may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants, because of the cross\u00adborder nature of many conflicts, ethnic links across porous borders, the high levels of recruitment and recycling of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region, sometimes the lack of real alternatives to recruitment, and the lack of a regional dimension to many previous DDR programmes.Even when a foreign combatant may fall within the definition of a mercenary, this does not limit the State\u2019s authority to include such a person in a DDR programme, despite any legal action States may choose to take against mercenaries and those who recruit them or assist them in other ways. In practice, in many conflicts, it is likely that officials carrying out disarmament and demobilization processes would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants. Since the achievement of lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, it is recommended that mercenaries should not be automatically excluded from DDR processes\/programmes, in order to break the cycle of recruitment and weapons circulation and provide the individual with sustain\u00ad able alternative ways of making a living.DDR programmers may establish criteria to deal with such cases. Issues for consideration include: Who is employing and commanding mercenaries and how do they fit into the conflict? What threat do mercenaries pose to the peace process, and are they factored into the peace accord? If there is resistance to account for mercenaries in peace processes, what are the underlying political reasons and how can the situation be resolved? How can mercenaries be identified and distinguished from other foreign combatants? Do individuals have the capacity to act on their own? Do they have a chain of command? If so, is their leadership seen as legitimate and representative by the other parties to the process and the UN? Can this leadership be approached for discussions on DDR? Do its members have an interest in DDR? If mercenaries fought for personal gain, are DDR benefits likely to be large enough to make them genuinely give up armed activities? If DDR is not appropriate, what measures can be put in place to deal with mercenaries, and by whom \u2014 their employers and\/or the national authorities and\/or the UN?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1271, "Sentence":"The crime of being a mercenary is committed by any person who sells his\/her labour as an armed fighter, or the State that assists or recruits mercenaries or allows mercenary activities to be carried out in territory under its jurisdiction.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements crime mercenary committed person sell his\/her labour armed fighter state assist recruit mercenary allows mercenary activity carried territory jurisdiction ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.8. Mercenarie", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"International law makes special provision for and prohibits the recruitment, use, financing or training of mercenaries. A mercenary is defined as a foreign fighter who is specially recruited to fight in an armed conflict, is motivated essentially by the desire for private gain, and is promised wages or other rewards much higher than those received by local combat\u00ad ants of a similar rank and function.12 Mercenaries are not considered to be combatants, and are not entitled to prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status. The crime of being a mercenary is committed by any person who sells his\/her labour as an armed fighter, or the State that assists or recruits mercenaries or allows mercenary activities to be carried out in territory under its jurisdiction. Not every foreign combatant meets the definition of a mercenary: those who are not motivated by private gain and given high wages and other rewards are not mercenaries. It may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants, because of the cross\u00adborder nature of many conflicts, ethnic links across porous borders, the high levels of recruitment and recycling of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region, sometimes the lack of real alternatives to recruitment, and the lack of a regional dimension to many previous DDR programmes.Even when a foreign combatant may fall within the definition of a mercenary, this does not limit the State\u2019s authority to include such a person in a DDR programme, despite any legal action States may choose to take against mercenaries and those who recruit them or assist them in other ways. In practice, in many conflicts, it is likely that officials carrying out disarmament and demobilization processes would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants. Since the achievement of lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, it is recommended that mercenaries should not be automatically excluded from DDR processes\/programmes, in order to break the cycle of recruitment and weapons circulation and provide the individual with sustain\u00ad able alternative ways of making a living.DDR programmers may establish criteria to deal with such cases. Issues for consideration include: Who is employing and commanding mercenaries and how do they fit into the conflict? What threat do mercenaries pose to the peace process, and are they factored into the peace accord? If there is resistance to account for mercenaries in peace processes, what are the underlying political reasons and how can the situation be resolved? How can mercenaries be identified and distinguished from other foreign combatants? Do individuals have the capacity to act on their own? Do they have a chain of command? If so, is their leadership seen as legitimate and representative by the other parties to the process and the UN? Can this leadership be approached for discussions on DDR? Do its members have an interest in DDR? If mercenaries fought for personal gain, are DDR benefits likely to be large enough to make them genuinely give up armed activities? If DDR is not appropriate, what measures can be put in place to deal with mercenaries, and by whom \u2014 their employers and\/or the national authorities and\/or the UN?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1271, "Sentence":"Not every foreign combatant meets the definition of a mercenary: those who are not motivated by private gain and given high wages and other rewards are not mercenaries.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements every foreign combatant meet definition mercenary motivated private gain given high wage reward mercenary ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.8. Mercenarie", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"International law makes special provision for and prohibits the recruitment, use, financing or training of mercenaries. A mercenary is defined as a foreign fighter who is specially recruited to fight in an armed conflict, is motivated essentially by the desire for private gain, and is promised wages or other rewards much higher than those received by local combat\u00ad ants of a similar rank and function.12 Mercenaries are not considered to be combatants, and are not entitled to prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status. The crime of being a mercenary is committed by any person who sells his\/her labour as an armed fighter, or the State that assists or recruits mercenaries or allows mercenary activities to be carried out in territory under its jurisdiction. Not every foreign combatant meets the definition of a mercenary: those who are not motivated by private gain and given high wages and other rewards are not mercenaries. It may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants, because of the cross\u00adborder nature of many conflicts, ethnic links across porous borders, the high levels of recruitment and recycling of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region, sometimes the lack of real alternatives to recruitment, and the lack of a regional dimension to many previous DDR programmes.Even when a foreign combatant may fall within the definition of a mercenary, this does not limit the State\u2019s authority to include such a person in a DDR programme, despite any legal action States may choose to take against mercenaries and those who recruit them or assist them in other ways. In practice, in many conflicts, it is likely that officials carrying out disarmament and demobilization processes would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants. Since the achievement of lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, it is recommended that mercenaries should not be automatically excluded from DDR processes\/programmes, in order to break the cycle of recruitment and weapons circulation and provide the individual with sustain\u00ad able alternative ways of making a living.DDR programmers may establish criteria to deal with such cases. Issues for consideration include: Who is employing and commanding mercenaries and how do they fit into the conflict? What threat do mercenaries pose to the peace process, and are they factored into the peace accord? If there is resistance to account for mercenaries in peace processes, what are the underlying political reasons and how can the situation be resolved? How can mercenaries be identified and distinguished from other foreign combatants? Do individuals have the capacity to act on their own? Do they have a chain of command? If so, is their leadership seen as legitimate and representative by the other parties to the process and the UN? Can this leadership be approached for discussions on DDR? Do its members have an interest in DDR? If mercenaries fought for personal gain, are DDR benefits likely to be large enough to make them genuinely give up armed activities? If DDR is not appropriate, what measures can be put in place to deal with mercenaries, and by whom \u2014 their employers and\/or the national authorities and\/or the UN?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1271, "Sentence":"It may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants, because of the cross\u00adborder nature of many conflicts, ethnic links across porous borders, the high levels of recruitment and recycling of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region, sometimes the lack of real alternatives to recruitment, and the lack of a regional dimension to many previous DDR programmes.Even when a foreign combatant may fall within the definition of a mercenary, this does not limit the State\u2019s authority to include such a person in a DDR programme, despite any legal action States may choose to take against mercenaries and those who recruit them or assist them in other ways.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements may sometimes difficult distinguish mercenary type foreign combatant cross\u00adborder nature many conflict ethnic link across porous border high level recruitment recycling combatant conflict conflict within region sometimes lack real alternative recruitment lack regional dimension many previous ddr programmes.even foreign combatant may fall within definition mercenary limit state \u2019 authority include person ddr programme despite legal action state may choose take mercenary recruit assist way ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.8. Mercenarie", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"International law makes special provision for and prohibits the recruitment, use, financing or training of mercenaries. A mercenary is defined as a foreign fighter who is specially recruited to fight in an armed conflict, is motivated essentially by the desire for private gain, and is promised wages or other rewards much higher than those received by local combat\u00ad ants of a similar rank and function.12 Mercenaries are not considered to be combatants, and are not entitled to prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status. The crime of being a mercenary is committed by any person who sells his\/her labour as an armed fighter, or the State that assists or recruits mercenaries or allows mercenary activities to be carried out in territory under its jurisdiction. Not every foreign combatant meets the definition of a mercenary: those who are not motivated by private gain and given high wages and other rewards are not mercenaries. It may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants, because of the cross\u00adborder nature of many conflicts, ethnic links across porous borders, the high levels of recruitment and recycling of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region, sometimes the lack of real alternatives to recruitment, and the lack of a regional dimension to many previous DDR programmes.Even when a foreign combatant may fall within the definition of a mercenary, this does not limit the State\u2019s authority to include such a person in a DDR programme, despite any legal action States may choose to take against mercenaries and those who recruit them or assist them in other ways. In practice, in many conflicts, it is likely that officials carrying out disarmament and demobilization processes would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants. Since the achievement of lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, it is recommended that mercenaries should not be automatically excluded from DDR processes\/programmes, in order to break the cycle of recruitment and weapons circulation and provide the individual with sustain\u00ad able alternative ways of making a living.DDR programmers may establish criteria to deal with such cases. Issues for consideration include: Who is employing and commanding mercenaries and how do they fit into the conflict? What threat do mercenaries pose to the peace process, and are they factored into the peace accord? If there is resistance to account for mercenaries in peace processes, what are the underlying political reasons and how can the situation be resolved? How can mercenaries be identified and distinguished from other foreign combatants? Do individuals have the capacity to act on their own? Do they have a chain of command? If so, is their leadership seen as legitimate and representative by the other parties to the process and the UN? Can this leadership be approached for discussions on DDR? Do its members have an interest in DDR? If mercenaries fought for personal gain, are DDR benefits likely to be large enough to make them genuinely give up armed activities? If DDR is not appropriate, what measures can be put in place to deal with mercenaries, and by whom \u2014 their employers and\/or the national authorities and\/or the UN?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1271, "Sentence":"In practice, in many conflicts, it is likely that officials carrying out disarmament and demobilization processes would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements practice many conflict likely official carrying disarmament demobilization process would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing mercenary type foreign combatant ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.8. Mercenarie", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"International law makes special provision for and prohibits the recruitment, use, financing or training of mercenaries. A mercenary is defined as a foreign fighter who is specially recruited to fight in an armed conflict, is motivated essentially by the desire for private gain, and is promised wages or other rewards much higher than those received by local combat\u00ad ants of a similar rank and function.12 Mercenaries are not considered to be combatants, and are not entitled to prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status. The crime of being a mercenary is committed by any person who sells his\/her labour as an armed fighter, or the State that assists or recruits mercenaries or allows mercenary activities to be carried out in territory under its jurisdiction. Not every foreign combatant meets the definition of a mercenary: those who are not motivated by private gain and given high wages and other rewards are not mercenaries. It may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants, because of the cross\u00adborder nature of many conflicts, ethnic links across porous borders, the high levels of recruitment and recycling of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region, sometimes the lack of real alternatives to recruitment, and the lack of a regional dimension to many previous DDR programmes.Even when a foreign combatant may fall within the definition of a mercenary, this does not limit the State\u2019s authority to include such a person in a DDR programme, despite any legal action States may choose to take against mercenaries and those who recruit them or assist them in other ways. In practice, in many conflicts, it is likely that officials carrying out disarmament and demobilization processes would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants. Since the achievement of lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, it is recommended that mercenaries should not be automatically excluded from DDR processes\/programmes, in order to break the cycle of recruitment and weapons circulation and provide the individual with sustain\u00ad able alternative ways of making a living.DDR programmers may establish criteria to deal with such cases. Issues for consideration include: Who is employing and commanding mercenaries and how do they fit into the conflict? What threat do mercenaries pose to the peace process, and are they factored into the peace accord? If there is resistance to account for mercenaries in peace processes, what are the underlying political reasons and how can the situation be resolved? How can mercenaries be identified and distinguished from other foreign combatants? Do individuals have the capacity to act on their own? Do they have a chain of command? If so, is their leadership seen as legitimate and representative by the other parties to the process and the UN? Can this leadership be approached for discussions on DDR? Do its members have an interest in DDR? If mercenaries fought for personal gain, are DDR benefits likely to be large enough to make them genuinely give up armed activities? If DDR is not appropriate, what measures can be put in place to deal with mercenaries, and by whom \u2014 their employers and\/or the national authorities and\/or the UN?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1271, "Sentence":"Since the achievement of lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, it is recommended that mercenaries should not be automatically excluded from DDR processes\/programmes, in order to break the cycle of recruitment and weapons circulation and provide the individual with sustain\u00ad able alternative ways of making a living.DDR programmers may establish criteria to deal with such cases.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements since achievement lasting peace stability region depends ability ddr programme attract maximum possible number former combatant recommended mercenary automatically excluded ddr processes\/programmes order break cycle recruitment weapon circulation provide individual sustain\u00ad able alternative way making living.ddr programmer may establish criterion deal case ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.8. Mercenarie", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"International law makes special provision for and prohibits the recruitment, use, financing or training of mercenaries. A mercenary is defined as a foreign fighter who is specially recruited to fight in an armed conflict, is motivated essentially by the desire for private gain, and is promised wages or other rewards much higher than those received by local combat\u00ad ants of a similar rank and function.12 Mercenaries are not considered to be combatants, and are not entitled to prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status. The crime of being a mercenary is committed by any person who sells his\/her labour as an armed fighter, or the State that assists or recruits mercenaries or allows mercenary activities to be carried out in territory under its jurisdiction. Not every foreign combatant meets the definition of a mercenary: those who are not motivated by private gain and given high wages and other rewards are not mercenaries. It may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants, because of the cross\u00adborder nature of many conflicts, ethnic links across porous borders, the high levels of recruitment and recycling of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region, sometimes the lack of real alternatives to recruitment, and the lack of a regional dimension to many previous DDR programmes.Even when a foreign combatant may fall within the definition of a mercenary, this does not limit the State\u2019s authority to include such a person in a DDR programme, despite any legal action States may choose to take against mercenaries and those who recruit them or assist them in other ways. In practice, in many conflicts, it is likely that officials carrying out disarmament and demobilization processes would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants. Since the achievement of lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, it is recommended that mercenaries should not be automatically excluded from DDR processes\/programmes, in order to break the cycle of recruitment and weapons circulation and provide the individual with sustain\u00ad able alternative ways of making a living.DDR programmers may establish criteria to deal with such cases. Issues for consideration include: Who is employing and commanding mercenaries and how do they fit into the conflict? What threat do mercenaries pose to the peace process, and are they factored into the peace accord? If there is resistance to account for mercenaries in peace processes, what are the underlying political reasons and how can the situation be resolved? How can mercenaries be identified and distinguished from other foreign combatants? Do individuals have the capacity to act on their own? Do they have a chain of command? If so, is their leadership seen as legitimate and representative by the other parties to the process and the UN? Can this leadership be approached for discussions on DDR? Do its members have an interest in DDR? If mercenaries fought for personal gain, are DDR benefits likely to be large enough to make them genuinely give up armed activities? If DDR is not appropriate, what measures can be put in place to deal with mercenaries, and by whom \u2014 their employers and\/or the national authorities and\/or the UN?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1271, "Sentence":"Issues for consideration include: Who is employing and commanding mercenaries and how do they fit into the conflict?", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements issue consideration include employing commanding mercenary fit conflict" }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.8. Mercenarie", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"International law makes special provision for and prohibits the recruitment, use, financing or training of mercenaries. A mercenary is defined as a foreign fighter who is specially recruited to fight in an armed conflict, is motivated essentially by the desire for private gain, and is promised wages or other rewards much higher than those received by local combat\u00ad ants of a similar rank and function.12 Mercenaries are not considered to be combatants, and are not entitled to prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status. The crime of being a mercenary is committed by any person who sells his\/her labour as an armed fighter, or the State that assists or recruits mercenaries or allows mercenary activities to be carried out in territory under its jurisdiction. Not every foreign combatant meets the definition of a mercenary: those who are not motivated by private gain and given high wages and other rewards are not mercenaries. It may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants, because of the cross\u00adborder nature of many conflicts, ethnic links across porous borders, the high levels of recruitment and recycling of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region, sometimes the lack of real alternatives to recruitment, and the lack of a regional dimension to many previous DDR programmes.Even when a foreign combatant may fall within the definition of a mercenary, this does not limit the State\u2019s authority to include such a person in a DDR programme, despite any legal action States may choose to take against mercenaries and those who recruit them or assist them in other ways. In practice, in many conflicts, it is likely that officials carrying out disarmament and demobilization processes would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants. Since the achievement of lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, it is recommended that mercenaries should not be automatically excluded from DDR processes\/programmes, in order to break the cycle of recruitment and weapons circulation and provide the individual with sustain\u00ad able alternative ways of making a living.DDR programmers may establish criteria to deal with such cases. Issues for consideration include: Who is employing and commanding mercenaries and how do they fit into the conflict? What threat do mercenaries pose to the peace process, and are they factored into the peace accord? If there is resistance to account for mercenaries in peace processes, what are the underlying political reasons and how can the situation be resolved? How can mercenaries be identified and distinguished from other foreign combatants? Do individuals have the capacity to act on their own? Do they have a chain of command? If so, is their leadership seen as legitimate and representative by the other parties to the process and the UN? Can this leadership be approached for discussions on DDR? Do its members have an interest in DDR? If mercenaries fought for personal gain, are DDR benefits likely to be large enough to make them genuinely give up armed activities? If DDR is not appropriate, what measures can be put in place to deal with mercenaries, and by whom \u2014 their employers and\/or the national authorities and\/or the UN?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1271, "Sentence":"What threat do mercenaries pose to the peace process, and are they factored into the peace accord?", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements threat mercenary pose peace process factored peace accord" }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.8. Mercenarie", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"International law makes special provision for and prohibits the recruitment, use, financing or training of mercenaries. A mercenary is defined as a foreign fighter who is specially recruited to fight in an armed conflict, is motivated essentially by the desire for private gain, and is promised wages or other rewards much higher than those received by local combat\u00ad ants of a similar rank and function.12 Mercenaries are not considered to be combatants, and are not entitled to prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status. The crime of being a mercenary is committed by any person who sells his\/her labour as an armed fighter, or the State that assists or recruits mercenaries or allows mercenary activities to be carried out in territory under its jurisdiction. Not every foreign combatant meets the definition of a mercenary: those who are not motivated by private gain and given high wages and other rewards are not mercenaries. It may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants, because of the cross\u00adborder nature of many conflicts, ethnic links across porous borders, the high levels of recruitment and recycling of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region, sometimes the lack of real alternatives to recruitment, and the lack of a regional dimension to many previous DDR programmes.Even when a foreign combatant may fall within the definition of a mercenary, this does not limit the State\u2019s authority to include such a person in a DDR programme, despite any legal action States may choose to take against mercenaries and those who recruit them or assist them in other ways. In practice, in many conflicts, it is likely that officials carrying out disarmament and demobilization processes would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants. Since the achievement of lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, it is recommended that mercenaries should not be automatically excluded from DDR processes\/programmes, in order to break the cycle of recruitment and weapons circulation and provide the individual with sustain\u00ad able alternative ways of making a living.DDR programmers may establish criteria to deal with such cases. Issues for consideration include: Who is employing and commanding mercenaries and how do they fit into the conflict? What threat do mercenaries pose to the peace process, and are they factored into the peace accord? If there is resistance to account for mercenaries in peace processes, what are the underlying political reasons and how can the situation be resolved? How can mercenaries be identified and distinguished from other foreign combatants? Do individuals have the capacity to act on their own? Do they have a chain of command? If so, is their leadership seen as legitimate and representative by the other parties to the process and the UN? Can this leadership be approached for discussions on DDR? Do its members have an interest in DDR? If mercenaries fought for personal gain, are DDR benefits likely to be large enough to make them genuinely give up armed activities? If DDR is not appropriate, what measures can be put in place to deal with mercenaries, and by whom \u2014 their employers and\/or the national authorities and\/or the UN?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1271, "Sentence":"If there is resistance to account for mercenaries in peace processes, what are the underlying political reasons and how can the situation be resolved?", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements resistance account mercenary peace process underlying political reason situation resolved" }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.8. Mercenarie", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"International law makes special provision for and prohibits the recruitment, use, financing or training of mercenaries. A mercenary is defined as a foreign fighter who is specially recruited to fight in an armed conflict, is motivated essentially by the desire for private gain, and is promised wages or other rewards much higher than those received by local combat\u00ad ants of a similar rank and function.12 Mercenaries are not considered to be combatants, and are not entitled to prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status. The crime of being a mercenary is committed by any person who sells his\/her labour as an armed fighter, or the State that assists or recruits mercenaries or allows mercenary activities to be carried out in territory under its jurisdiction. Not every foreign combatant meets the definition of a mercenary: those who are not motivated by private gain and given high wages and other rewards are not mercenaries. It may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants, because of the cross\u00adborder nature of many conflicts, ethnic links across porous borders, the high levels of recruitment and recycling of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region, sometimes the lack of real alternatives to recruitment, and the lack of a regional dimension to many previous DDR programmes.Even when a foreign combatant may fall within the definition of a mercenary, this does not limit the State\u2019s authority to include such a person in a DDR programme, despite any legal action States may choose to take against mercenaries and those who recruit them or assist them in other ways. In practice, in many conflicts, it is likely that officials carrying out disarmament and demobilization processes would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants. Since the achievement of lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, it is recommended that mercenaries should not be automatically excluded from DDR processes\/programmes, in order to break the cycle of recruitment and weapons circulation and provide the individual with sustain\u00ad able alternative ways of making a living.DDR programmers may establish criteria to deal with such cases. Issues for consideration include: Who is employing and commanding mercenaries and how do they fit into the conflict? What threat do mercenaries pose to the peace process, and are they factored into the peace accord? If there is resistance to account for mercenaries in peace processes, what are the underlying political reasons and how can the situation be resolved? How can mercenaries be identified and distinguished from other foreign combatants? Do individuals have the capacity to act on their own? Do they have a chain of command? If so, is their leadership seen as legitimate and representative by the other parties to the process and the UN? Can this leadership be approached for discussions on DDR? Do its members have an interest in DDR? If mercenaries fought for personal gain, are DDR benefits likely to be large enough to make them genuinely give up armed activities? If DDR is not appropriate, what measures can be put in place to deal with mercenaries, and by whom \u2014 their employers and\/or the national authorities and\/or the UN?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1271, "Sentence":"How can mercenaries be identified and distinguished from other foreign combatants?", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements mercenary identified distinguished foreign combatant" }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.8. Mercenarie", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"International law makes special provision for and prohibits the recruitment, use, financing or training of mercenaries. A mercenary is defined as a foreign fighter who is specially recruited to fight in an armed conflict, is motivated essentially by the desire for private gain, and is promised wages or other rewards much higher than those received by local combat\u00ad ants of a similar rank and function.12 Mercenaries are not considered to be combatants, and are not entitled to prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status. The crime of being a mercenary is committed by any person who sells his\/her labour as an armed fighter, or the State that assists or recruits mercenaries or allows mercenary activities to be carried out in territory under its jurisdiction. Not every foreign combatant meets the definition of a mercenary: those who are not motivated by private gain and given high wages and other rewards are not mercenaries. It may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants, because of the cross\u00adborder nature of many conflicts, ethnic links across porous borders, the high levels of recruitment and recycling of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region, sometimes the lack of real alternatives to recruitment, and the lack of a regional dimension to many previous DDR programmes.Even when a foreign combatant may fall within the definition of a mercenary, this does not limit the State\u2019s authority to include such a person in a DDR programme, despite any legal action States may choose to take against mercenaries and those who recruit them or assist them in other ways. In practice, in many conflicts, it is likely that officials carrying out disarmament and demobilization processes would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants. Since the achievement of lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, it is recommended that mercenaries should not be automatically excluded from DDR processes\/programmes, in order to break the cycle of recruitment and weapons circulation and provide the individual with sustain\u00ad able alternative ways of making a living.DDR programmers may establish criteria to deal with such cases. Issues for consideration include: Who is employing and commanding mercenaries and how do they fit into the conflict? What threat do mercenaries pose to the peace process, and are they factored into the peace accord? If there is resistance to account for mercenaries in peace processes, what are the underlying political reasons and how can the situation be resolved? How can mercenaries be identified and distinguished from other foreign combatants? Do individuals have the capacity to act on their own? Do they have a chain of command? If so, is their leadership seen as legitimate and representative by the other parties to the process and the UN? Can this leadership be approached for discussions on DDR? Do its members have an interest in DDR? If mercenaries fought for personal gain, are DDR benefits likely to be large enough to make them genuinely give up armed activities? If DDR is not appropriate, what measures can be put in place to deal with mercenaries, and by whom \u2014 their employers and\/or the national authorities and\/or the UN?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1271, "Sentence":"Do individuals have the capacity to act on their own?", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements individual capacity act" }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.8. Mercenarie", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"International law makes special provision for and prohibits the recruitment, use, financing or training of mercenaries. A mercenary is defined as a foreign fighter who is specially recruited to fight in an armed conflict, is motivated essentially by the desire for private gain, and is promised wages or other rewards much higher than those received by local combat\u00ad ants of a similar rank and function.12 Mercenaries are not considered to be combatants, and are not entitled to prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status. The crime of being a mercenary is committed by any person who sells his\/her labour as an armed fighter, or the State that assists or recruits mercenaries or allows mercenary activities to be carried out in territory under its jurisdiction. Not every foreign combatant meets the definition of a mercenary: those who are not motivated by private gain and given high wages and other rewards are not mercenaries. It may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants, because of the cross\u00adborder nature of many conflicts, ethnic links across porous borders, the high levels of recruitment and recycling of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region, sometimes the lack of real alternatives to recruitment, and the lack of a regional dimension to many previous DDR programmes.Even when a foreign combatant may fall within the definition of a mercenary, this does not limit the State\u2019s authority to include such a person in a DDR programme, despite any legal action States may choose to take against mercenaries and those who recruit them or assist them in other ways. In practice, in many conflicts, it is likely that officials carrying out disarmament and demobilization processes would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants. Since the achievement of lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, it is recommended that mercenaries should not be automatically excluded from DDR processes\/programmes, in order to break the cycle of recruitment and weapons circulation and provide the individual with sustain\u00ad able alternative ways of making a living.DDR programmers may establish criteria to deal with such cases. Issues for consideration include: Who is employing and commanding mercenaries and how do they fit into the conflict? What threat do mercenaries pose to the peace process, and are they factored into the peace accord? If there is resistance to account for mercenaries in peace processes, what are the underlying political reasons and how can the situation be resolved? How can mercenaries be identified and distinguished from other foreign combatants? Do individuals have the capacity to act on their own? Do they have a chain of command? If so, is their leadership seen as legitimate and representative by the other parties to the process and the UN? Can this leadership be approached for discussions on DDR? Do its members have an interest in DDR? If mercenaries fought for personal gain, are DDR benefits likely to be large enough to make them genuinely give up armed activities? If DDR is not appropriate, what measures can be put in place to deal with mercenaries, and by whom \u2014 their employers and\/or the national authorities and\/or the UN?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1271, "Sentence":"Do they have a chain of command?", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements chain command" }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.8. Mercenarie", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"International law makes special provision for and prohibits the recruitment, use, financing or training of mercenaries. A mercenary is defined as a foreign fighter who is specially recruited to fight in an armed conflict, is motivated essentially by the desire for private gain, and is promised wages or other rewards much higher than those received by local combat\u00ad ants of a similar rank and function.12 Mercenaries are not considered to be combatants, and are not entitled to prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status. The crime of being a mercenary is committed by any person who sells his\/her labour as an armed fighter, or the State that assists or recruits mercenaries or allows mercenary activities to be carried out in territory under its jurisdiction. Not every foreign combatant meets the definition of a mercenary: those who are not motivated by private gain and given high wages and other rewards are not mercenaries. It may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants, because of the cross\u00adborder nature of many conflicts, ethnic links across porous borders, the high levels of recruitment and recycling of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region, sometimes the lack of real alternatives to recruitment, and the lack of a regional dimension to many previous DDR programmes.Even when a foreign combatant may fall within the definition of a mercenary, this does not limit the State\u2019s authority to include such a person in a DDR programme, despite any legal action States may choose to take against mercenaries and those who recruit them or assist them in other ways. In practice, in many conflicts, it is likely that officials carrying out disarmament and demobilization processes would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants. Since the achievement of lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, it is recommended that mercenaries should not be automatically excluded from DDR processes\/programmes, in order to break the cycle of recruitment and weapons circulation and provide the individual with sustain\u00ad able alternative ways of making a living.DDR programmers may establish criteria to deal with such cases. Issues for consideration include: Who is employing and commanding mercenaries and how do they fit into the conflict? What threat do mercenaries pose to the peace process, and are they factored into the peace accord? If there is resistance to account for mercenaries in peace processes, what are the underlying political reasons and how can the situation be resolved? How can mercenaries be identified and distinguished from other foreign combatants? Do individuals have the capacity to act on their own? Do they have a chain of command? If so, is their leadership seen as legitimate and representative by the other parties to the process and the UN? Can this leadership be approached for discussions on DDR? Do its members have an interest in DDR? If mercenaries fought for personal gain, are DDR benefits likely to be large enough to make them genuinely give up armed activities? If DDR is not appropriate, what measures can be put in place to deal with mercenaries, and by whom \u2014 their employers and\/or the national authorities and\/or the UN?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1271, "Sentence":"If so, is their leadership seen as legitimate and representative by the other parties to the process and the UN?", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements leadership seen legitimate representative party process un" }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.8. Mercenarie", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"International law makes special provision for and prohibits the recruitment, use, financing or training of mercenaries. A mercenary is defined as a foreign fighter who is specially recruited to fight in an armed conflict, is motivated essentially by the desire for private gain, and is promised wages or other rewards much higher than those received by local combat\u00ad ants of a similar rank and function.12 Mercenaries are not considered to be combatants, and are not entitled to prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status. The crime of being a mercenary is committed by any person who sells his\/her labour as an armed fighter, or the State that assists or recruits mercenaries or allows mercenary activities to be carried out in territory under its jurisdiction. Not every foreign combatant meets the definition of a mercenary: those who are not motivated by private gain and given high wages and other rewards are not mercenaries. It may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants, because of the cross\u00adborder nature of many conflicts, ethnic links across porous borders, the high levels of recruitment and recycling of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region, sometimes the lack of real alternatives to recruitment, and the lack of a regional dimension to many previous DDR programmes.Even when a foreign combatant may fall within the definition of a mercenary, this does not limit the State\u2019s authority to include such a person in a DDR programme, despite any legal action States may choose to take against mercenaries and those who recruit them or assist them in other ways. In practice, in many conflicts, it is likely that officials carrying out disarmament and demobilization processes would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants. Since the achievement of lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, it is recommended that mercenaries should not be automatically excluded from DDR processes\/programmes, in order to break the cycle of recruitment and weapons circulation and provide the individual with sustain\u00ad able alternative ways of making a living.DDR programmers may establish criteria to deal with such cases. Issues for consideration include: Who is employing and commanding mercenaries and how do they fit into the conflict? What threat do mercenaries pose to the peace process, and are they factored into the peace accord? If there is resistance to account for mercenaries in peace processes, what are the underlying political reasons and how can the situation be resolved? How can mercenaries be identified and distinguished from other foreign combatants? Do individuals have the capacity to act on their own? Do they have a chain of command? If so, is their leadership seen as legitimate and representative by the other parties to the process and the UN? Can this leadership be approached for discussions on DDR? Do its members have an interest in DDR? If mercenaries fought for personal gain, are DDR benefits likely to be large enough to make them genuinely give up armed activities? If DDR is not appropriate, what measures can be put in place to deal with mercenaries, and by whom \u2014 their employers and\/or the national authorities and\/or the UN?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1271, "Sentence":"Can this leadership be approached for discussions on DDR?", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements leadership approached discussion ddr" }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.8. Mercenarie", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"International law makes special provision for and prohibits the recruitment, use, financing or training of mercenaries. A mercenary is defined as a foreign fighter who is specially recruited to fight in an armed conflict, is motivated essentially by the desire for private gain, and is promised wages or other rewards much higher than those received by local combat\u00ad ants of a similar rank and function.12 Mercenaries are not considered to be combatants, and are not entitled to prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status. The crime of being a mercenary is committed by any person who sells his\/her labour as an armed fighter, or the State that assists or recruits mercenaries or allows mercenary activities to be carried out in territory under its jurisdiction. Not every foreign combatant meets the definition of a mercenary: those who are not motivated by private gain and given high wages and other rewards are not mercenaries. It may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants, because of the cross\u00adborder nature of many conflicts, ethnic links across porous borders, the high levels of recruitment and recycling of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region, sometimes the lack of real alternatives to recruitment, and the lack of a regional dimension to many previous DDR programmes.Even when a foreign combatant may fall within the definition of a mercenary, this does not limit the State\u2019s authority to include such a person in a DDR programme, despite any legal action States may choose to take against mercenaries and those who recruit them or assist them in other ways. In practice, in many conflicts, it is likely that officials carrying out disarmament and demobilization processes would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants. Since the achievement of lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, it is recommended that mercenaries should not be automatically excluded from DDR processes\/programmes, in order to break the cycle of recruitment and weapons circulation and provide the individual with sustain\u00ad able alternative ways of making a living.DDR programmers may establish criteria to deal with such cases. Issues for consideration include: Who is employing and commanding mercenaries and how do they fit into the conflict? What threat do mercenaries pose to the peace process, and are they factored into the peace accord? If there is resistance to account for mercenaries in peace processes, what are the underlying political reasons and how can the situation be resolved? How can mercenaries be identified and distinguished from other foreign combatants? Do individuals have the capacity to act on their own? Do they have a chain of command? If so, is their leadership seen as legitimate and representative by the other parties to the process and the UN? Can this leadership be approached for discussions on DDR? Do its members have an interest in DDR? If mercenaries fought for personal gain, are DDR benefits likely to be large enough to make them genuinely give up armed activities? If DDR is not appropriate, what measures can be put in place to deal with mercenaries, and by whom \u2014 their employers and\/or the national authorities and\/or the UN?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1271, "Sentence":"Do its members have an interest in DDR?", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements member interest ddr" }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.8. Mercenarie", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"International law makes special provision for and prohibits the recruitment, use, financing or training of mercenaries. A mercenary is defined as a foreign fighter who is specially recruited to fight in an armed conflict, is motivated essentially by the desire for private gain, and is promised wages or other rewards much higher than those received by local combat\u00ad ants of a similar rank and function.12 Mercenaries are not considered to be combatants, and are not entitled to prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status. The crime of being a mercenary is committed by any person who sells his\/her labour as an armed fighter, or the State that assists or recruits mercenaries or allows mercenary activities to be carried out in territory under its jurisdiction. Not every foreign combatant meets the definition of a mercenary: those who are not motivated by private gain and given high wages and other rewards are not mercenaries. It may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants, because of the cross\u00adborder nature of many conflicts, ethnic links across porous borders, the high levels of recruitment and recycling of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region, sometimes the lack of real alternatives to recruitment, and the lack of a regional dimension to many previous DDR programmes.Even when a foreign combatant may fall within the definition of a mercenary, this does not limit the State\u2019s authority to include such a person in a DDR programme, despite any legal action States may choose to take against mercenaries and those who recruit them or assist them in other ways. In practice, in many conflicts, it is likely that officials carrying out disarmament and demobilization processes would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants. Since the achievement of lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, it is recommended that mercenaries should not be automatically excluded from DDR processes\/programmes, in order to break the cycle of recruitment and weapons circulation and provide the individual with sustain\u00ad able alternative ways of making a living.DDR programmers may establish criteria to deal with such cases. Issues for consideration include: Who is employing and commanding mercenaries and how do they fit into the conflict? What threat do mercenaries pose to the peace process, and are they factored into the peace accord? If there is resistance to account for mercenaries in peace processes, what are the underlying political reasons and how can the situation be resolved? How can mercenaries be identified and distinguished from other foreign combatants? Do individuals have the capacity to act on their own? Do they have a chain of command? If so, is their leadership seen as legitimate and representative by the other parties to the process and the UN? Can this leadership be approached for discussions on DDR? Do its members have an interest in DDR? If mercenaries fought for personal gain, are DDR benefits likely to be large enough to make them genuinely give up armed activities? If DDR is not appropriate, what measures can be put in place to deal with mercenaries, and by whom \u2014 their employers and\/or the national authorities and\/or the UN?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1271, "Sentence":"If mercenaries fought for personal gain, are DDR benefits likely to be large enough to make them genuinely give up armed activities?", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements mercenary fought personal gain ddr benefit likely large enough make genuinely give armed activity" }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"7.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"7.3.8. Mercenarie", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"International law makes special provision for and prohibits the recruitment, use, financing or training of mercenaries. A mercenary is defined as a foreign fighter who is specially recruited to fight in an armed conflict, is motivated essentially by the desire for private gain, and is promised wages or other rewards much higher than those received by local combat\u00ad ants of a similar rank and function.12 Mercenaries are not considered to be combatants, and are not entitled to prisoner\u00adof\u00adwar status. The crime of being a mercenary is committed by any person who sells his\/her labour as an armed fighter, or the State that assists or recruits mercenaries or allows mercenary activities to be carried out in territory under its jurisdiction. Not every foreign combatant meets the definition of a mercenary: those who are not motivated by private gain and given high wages and other rewards are not mercenaries. It may sometimes be difficult to distinguish between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants, because of the cross\u00adborder nature of many conflicts, ethnic links across porous borders, the high levels of recruitment and recycling of combatants from conflict to conflict within a region, sometimes the lack of real alternatives to recruitment, and the lack of a regional dimension to many previous DDR programmes.Even when a foreign combatant may fall within the definition of a mercenary, this does not limit the State\u2019s authority to include such a person in a DDR programme, despite any legal action States may choose to take against mercenaries and those who recruit them or assist them in other ways. In practice, in many conflicts, it is likely that officials carrying out disarmament and demobilization processes would experience great difficulty distinguish\u00ad ing between mercenaries and other types of foreign combatants. Since the achievement of lasting peace and stability in a region depends on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, it is recommended that mercenaries should not be automatically excluded from DDR processes\/programmes, in order to break the cycle of recruitment and weapons circulation and provide the individual with sustain\u00ad able alternative ways of making a living.DDR programmers may establish criteria to deal with such cases. Issues for consideration include: Who is employing and commanding mercenaries and how do they fit into the conflict? What threat do mercenaries pose to the peace process, and are they factored into the peace accord? If there is resistance to account for mercenaries in peace processes, what are the underlying political reasons and how can the situation be resolved? How can mercenaries be identified and distinguished from other foreign combatants? Do individuals have the capacity to act on their own? Do they have a chain of command? If so, is their leadership seen as legitimate and representative by the other parties to the process and the UN? Can this leadership be approached for discussions on DDR? Do its members have an interest in DDR? If mercenaries fought for personal gain, are DDR benefits likely to be large enough to make them genuinely give up armed activities? If DDR is not appropriate, what measures can be put in place to deal with mercenaries, and by whom \u2014 their employers and\/or the national authorities and\/or the UN?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1271, "Sentence":"If DDR is not appropriate, what measures can be put in place to deal with mercenaries, and by whom \u2014 their employers and\/or the national authorities and\/or the UN?", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements ddr appropriate measure put place deal mercenary \u2014 employer and\/or national authority and\/or un" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.1. Context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In many armed conflicts, it is common to find large numbers of children among combat\u00adants, especially in armed groups and in long\u00ad lasting conflicts. Priority shall be given to identifying, removing and providing appro\u00ad priate care for children during operations to identify and separate foreign combatants. Correct identification of children among com\u00ad batants who enter a host country is vital, because children shall benefit from separate programmes that provide for their safe re\u00ad moval, rehabilitation and reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1272, "Sentence":"In many armed conflicts, it is common to find large numbers of children among combat\u00adants, especially in armed groups and in long\u00ad lasting conflicts.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements many armed conflict common find large number child among combat\u00adants especially armed group long\u00ad lasting conflict ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.1. Context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In many armed conflicts, it is common to find large numbers of children among combat\u00adants, especially in armed groups and in long\u00ad lasting conflicts. Priority shall be given to identifying, removing and providing appro\u00ad priate care for children during operations to identify and separate foreign combatants. Correct identification of children among com\u00ad batants who enter a host country is vital, because children shall benefit from separate programmes that provide for their safe re\u00ad moval, rehabilitation and reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1272, "Sentence":"Priority shall be given to identifying, removing and providing appro\u00ad priate care for children during operations to identify and separate foreign combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements priority shall given identifying removing providing appro\u00ad priate care child operation identify separate foreign combatant ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.1. Context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In many armed conflicts, it is common to find large numbers of children among combat\u00adants, especially in armed groups and in long\u00ad lasting conflicts. Priority shall be given to identifying, removing and providing appro\u00ad priate care for children during operations to identify and separate foreign combatants. Correct identification of children among com\u00ad batants who enter a host country is vital, because children shall benefit from separate programmes that provide for their safe re\u00ad moval, rehabilitation and reintegration.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1272, "Sentence":"Correct identification of children among com\u00ad batants who enter a host country is vital, because children shall benefit from separate programmes that provide for their safe re\u00ad moval, rehabilitation and reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements correct identification child among com\u00ad batants enter host country vital child shall benefit separate programme provide safe re\u00ad moval rehabilitation reintegration ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.2. Key agencies", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"UNHCR, UNICEF and ICRC will be particularly involved in helping governments to deal with foreign children associated with armed forces and groups. Key national agencies in\u00ad clude those concerned with children\u2019s issues, social welfare, and refugee and humanitarian affairs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1273, "Sentence":"UNHCR, UNICEF and ICRC will be particularly involved in helping governments to deal with foreign children associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements unhcr unicef icrc particularly involved helping government deal foreign child associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.2. Key agencies", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"UNHCR, UNICEF and ICRC will be particularly involved in helping governments to deal with foreign children associated with armed forces and groups. Key national agencies in\u00ad clude those concerned with children\u2019s issues, social welfare, and refugee and humanitarian affairs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1273, "Sentence":"Key national agencies in\u00ad clude those concerned with children\u2019s issues, social welfare, and refugee and humanitarian affairs.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements key national agency in\u00ad clude concerned child \u2019 issue social welfare refugee humanitarian affair ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.1. Agreement with host country government on the status and treatment of foreign children associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Agencies such as UNHCR, UNICEF and ICRC should advocate with the host country for foreign children associated with armed forces and groups to be given a legal status, and care and protection that promote their speedy rehabilitation and best interests, in accordance with States\u2019 obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict.An appropriate status for children may include refugee status, because of the illegality of and serious child rights violations involved in the under\u00adaged recruitment of children, as well as the need for children to be removed, rehabilitated and reintegrated in their com\u00ad munities as soon as possible. Refugee status can be given on a prima facie and collective basis in cases of large\u00adscale arrivals, as and if applicable. Where the refugee status of indi\u00ad viduals must be decided, reasons for giving refugee status in the case of children fleeing armed conflict may include a well\u00adfounded fear of illegal recruitment, sexual slavery or other serious child rights violations.Agreement should be reached with the host government on the definition of a \u2018child\u2019 for the purpose of providing separate treatment for children associated with armed forces and groups. In view of the development of international law towards the position that persons under age 18 should not participate in hostilities, it is recommended that advocacy with host governments should be for all combatants under the age of 18 to be regarded as children.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1274, "Sentence":"Agencies such as UNHCR, UNICEF and ICRC should advocate with the host country for foreign children associated with armed forces and groups to be given a legal status, and care and protection that promote their speedy rehabilitation and best interests, in accordance with States\u2019 obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict.An appropriate status for children may include refugee status, because of the illegality of and serious child rights violations involved in the under\u00adaged recruitment of children, as well as the need for children to be removed, rehabilitated and reintegrated in their com\u00ad munities as soon as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements agency unhcr unicef icrc advocate host country foreign child associated armed force group given legal status care protection promote speedy rehabilitation best interest accordance state \u2019 obligation convention right child optional protocol involvement child armed conflict.an appropriate status child may include refugee status illegality serious child right violation involved under\u00adaged recruitment child well need child removed rehabilitated reintegrated com\u00ad munities soon possible ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.1. Agreement with host country government on the status and treatment of foreign children associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Agencies such as UNHCR, UNICEF and ICRC should advocate with the host country for foreign children associated with armed forces and groups to be given a legal status, and care and protection that promote their speedy rehabilitation and best interests, in accordance with States\u2019 obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict.An appropriate status for children may include refugee status, because of the illegality of and serious child rights violations involved in the under\u00adaged recruitment of children, as well as the need for children to be removed, rehabilitated and reintegrated in their com\u00ad munities as soon as possible. Refugee status can be given on a prima facie and collective basis in cases of large\u00adscale arrivals, as and if applicable. Where the refugee status of indi\u00ad viduals must be decided, reasons for giving refugee status in the case of children fleeing armed conflict may include a well\u00adfounded fear of illegal recruitment, sexual slavery or other serious child rights violations.Agreement should be reached with the host government on the definition of a \u2018child\u2019 for the purpose of providing separate treatment for children associated with armed forces and groups. In view of the development of international law towards the position that persons under age 18 should not participate in hostilities, it is recommended that advocacy with host governments should be for all combatants under the age of 18 to be regarded as children.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1274, "Sentence":"Refugee status can be given on a prima facie and collective basis in cases of large\u00adscale arrivals, as and if applicable.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements refugee status given prima facie collective basis case large\u00adscale arrival applicable ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.1. Agreement with host country government on the status and treatment of foreign children associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Agencies such as UNHCR, UNICEF and ICRC should advocate with the host country for foreign children associated with armed forces and groups to be given a legal status, and care and protection that promote their speedy rehabilitation and best interests, in accordance with States\u2019 obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict.An appropriate status for children may include refugee status, because of the illegality of and serious child rights violations involved in the under\u00adaged recruitment of children, as well as the need for children to be removed, rehabilitated and reintegrated in their com\u00ad munities as soon as possible. Refugee status can be given on a prima facie and collective basis in cases of large\u00adscale arrivals, as and if applicable. Where the refugee status of indi\u00ad viduals must be decided, reasons for giving refugee status in the case of children fleeing armed conflict may include a well\u00adfounded fear of illegal recruitment, sexual slavery or other serious child rights violations.Agreement should be reached with the host government on the definition of a \u2018child\u2019 for the purpose of providing separate treatment for children associated with armed forces and groups. In view of the development of international law towards the position that persons under age 18 should not participate in hostilities, it is recommended that advocacy with host governments should be for all combatants under the age of 18 to be regarded as children.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1274, "Sentence":"Where the refugee status of indi\u00ad viduals must be decided, reasons for giving refugee status in the case of children fleeing armed conflict may include a well\u00adfounded fear of illegal recruitment, sexual slavery or other serious child rights violations.Agreement should be reached with the host government on the definition of a \u2018child\u2019 for the purpose of providing separate treatment for children associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements refugee status indi\u00ad viduals must decided reason giving refugee status case child fleeing armed conflict may include well\u00adfounded fear illegal recruitment sexual slavery serious child right violations.agreement reached host government definition \u2018 child \u2019 purpose providing separate treatment child associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.1. Agreement with host country government on the status and treatment of foreign children associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Agencies such as UNHCR, UNICEF and ICRC should advocate with the host country for foreign children associated with armed forces and groups to be given a legal status, and care and protection that promote their speedy rehabilitation and best interests, in accordance with States\u2019 obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict.An appropriate status for children may include refugee status, because of the illegality of and serious child rights violations involved in the under\u00adaged recruitment of children, as well as the need for children to be removed, rehabilitated and reintegrated in their com\u00ad munities as soon as possible. Refugee status can be given on a prima facie and collective basis in cases of large\u00adscale arrivals, as and if applicable. Where the refugee status of indi\u00ad viduals must be decided, reasons for giving refugee status in the case of children fleeing armed conflict may include a well\u00adfounded fear of illegal recruitment, sexual slavery or other serious child rights violations.Agreement should be reached with the host government on the definition of a \u2018child\u2019 for the purpose of providing separate treatment for children associated with armed forces and groups. In view of the development of international law towards the position that persons under age 18 should not participate in hostilities, it is recommended that advocacy with host governments should be for all combatants under the age of 18 to be regarded as children.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1274, "Sentence":"In view of the development of international law towards the position that persons under age 18 should not participate in hostilities, it is recommended that advocacy with host governments should be for all combatants under the age of 18 to be regarded as children.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements view development international law towards position person age 18 participate hostility recommended advocacy host government combatant age 18 regarded child ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.2. Identification of children among foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"When agreement is reached with the host country government about the definition of a child and the methods for providing children with separate treatment from adults, this informa\u00ad tion should be provided to all those involved in the process of identifying and separating combatants (i.e., army, police, peacekeepers, international police, etc.).It is often difficult to decide whether a combatant is under the age of 18, for a range of reasons. The children themselves may not know their own ages. They are likely to be under the influence of commanders who may not want to lose them, or they may be afraid to separate from commanders. Questioning children in the presence of commanders may not, therefore, always provide accurate information, and should be avoided. On the other hand, young adult combatants who do not want to be interned may try to falsify their age. Child protection agencies present at border entry points may be able to help army and police personnel with determining the ages of persons who may be children. It is therefore rec\u00ad ommended that agreement be reached with the government of the host country on the involvement of such agencies as advisers in the identification process (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1275, "Sentence":"When agreement is reached with the host country government about the definition of a child and the methods for providing children with separate treatment from adults, this informa\u00ad tion should be provided to all those involved in the process of identifying and separating combatants (i.e., army, police, peacekeepers, international police, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements agreement reached host country government definition child method providing child separate treatment adult informa\u00ad tion provided involved process identifying separating combatant i.e . army police peacekeeper international police etc ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.2. Identification of children among foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"When agreement is reached with the host country government about the definition of a child and the methods for providing children with separate treatment from adults, this informa\u00ad tion should be provided to all those involved in the process of identifying and separating combatants (i.e., army, police, peacekeepers, international police, etc.).It is often difficult to decide whether a combatant is under the age of 18, for a range of reasons. The children themselves may not know their own ages. They are likely to be under the influence of commanders who may not want to lose them, or they may be afraid to separate from commanders. Questioning children in the presence of commanders may not, therefore, always provide accurate information, and should be avoided. On the other hand, young adult combatants who do not want to be interned may try to falsify their age. Child protection agencies present at border entry points may be able to help army and police personnel with determining the ages of persons who may be children. It is therefore rec\u00ad ommended that agreement be reached with the government of the host country on the involvement of such agencies as advisers in the identification process (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1275, "Sentence":").It is often difficult to decide whether a combatant is under the age of 18, for a range of reasons.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements .it often difficult decide whether combatant age 18 range reason ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.2. Identification of children among foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"When agreement is reached with the host country government about the definition of a child and the methods for providing children with separate treatment from adults, this informa\u00ad tion should be provided to all those involved in the process of identifying and separating combatants (i.e., army, police, peacekeepers, international police, etc.).It is often difficult to decide whether a combatant is under the age of 18, for a range of reasons. The children themselves may not know their own ages. They are likely to be under the influence of commanders who may not want to lose them, or they may be afraid to separate from commanders. Questioning children in the presence of commanders may not, therefore, always provide accurate information, and should be avoided. On the other hand, young adult combatants who do not want to be interned may try to falsify their age. Child protection agencies present at border entry points may be able to help army and police personnel with determining the ages of persons who may be children. It is therefore rec\u00ad ommended that agreement be reached with the government of the host country on the involvement of such agencies as advisers in the identification process (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1275, "Sentence":"The children themselves may not know their own ages.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements child may know age ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.2. Identification of children among foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"When agreement is reached with the host country government about the definition of a child and the methods for providing children with separate treatment from adults, this informa\u00ad tion should be provided to all those involved in the process of identifying and separating combatants (i.e., army, police, peacekeepers, international police, etc.).It is often difficult to decide whether a combatant is under the age of 18, for a range of reasons. The children themselves may not know their own ages. They are likely to be under the influence of commanders who may not want to lose them, or they may be afraid to separate from commanders. Questioning children in the presence of commanders may not, therefore, always provide accurate information, and should be avoided. On the other hand, young adult combatants who do not want to be interned may try to falsify their age. Child protection agencies present at border entry points may be able to help army and police personnel with determining the ages of persons who may be children. It is therefore rec\u00ad ommended that agreement be reached with the government of the host country on the involvement of such agencies as advisers in the identification process (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1275, "Sentence":"They are likely to be under the influence of commanders who may not want to lose them, or they may be afraid to separate from commanders.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements likely influence commander may want lose may afraid separate commander ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.2. Identification of children among foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"When agreement is reached with the host country government about the definition of a child and the methods for providing children with separate treatment from adults, this informa\u00ad tion should be provided to all those involved in the process of identifying and separating combatants (i.e., army, police, peacekeepers, international police, etc.).It is often difficult to decide whether a combatant is under the age of 18, for a range of reasons. The children themselves may not know their own ages. They are likely to be under the influence of commanders who may not want to lose them, or they may be afraid to separate from commanders. Questioning children in the presence of commanders may not, therefore, always provide accurate information, and should be avoided. On the other hand, young adult combatants who do not want to be interned may try to falsify their age. Child protection agencies present at border entry points may be able to help army and police personnel with determining the ages of persons who may be children. It is therefore rec\u00ad ommended that agreement be reached with the government of the host country on the involvement of such agencies as advisers in the identification process (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1275, "Sentence":"Questioning children in the presence of commanders may not, therefore, always provide accurate information, and should be avoided.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements questioning child presence commander may therefore always provide accurate information avoided ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.2. Identification of children among foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"When agreement is reached with the host country government about the definition of a child and the methods for providing children with separate treatment from adults, this informa\u00ad tion should be provided to all those involved in the process of identifying and separating combatants (i.e., army, police, peacekeepers, international police, etc.).It is often difficult to decide whether a combatant is under the age of 18, for a range of reasons. The children themselves may not know their own ages. They are likely to be under the influence of commanders who may not want to lose them, or they may be afraid to separate from commanders. Questioning children in the presence of commanders may not, therefore, always provide accurate information, and should be avoided. On the other hand, young adult combatants who do not want to be interned may try to falsify their age. Child protection agencies present at border entry points may be able to help army and police personnel with determining the ages of persons who may be children. It is therefore rec\u00ad ommended that agreement be reached with the government of the host country on the involvement of such agencies as advisers in the identification process (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1275, "Sentence":"On the other hand, young adult combatants who do not want to be interned may try to falsify their age.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements hand young adult combatant want interned may try falsify age ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.2. Identification of children among foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"When agreement is reached with the host country government about the definition of a child and the methods for providing children with separate treatment from adults, this informa\u00ad tion should be provided to all those involved in the process of identifying and separating combatants (i.e., army, police, peacekeepers, international police, etc.).It is often difficult to decide whether a combatant is under the age of 18, for a range of reasons. The children themselves may not know their own ages. They are likely to be under the influence of commanders who may not want to lose them, or they may be afraid to separate from commanders. Questioning children in the presence of commanders may not, therefore, always provide accurate information, and should be avoided. On the other hand, young adult combatants who do not want to be interned may try to falsify their age. Child protection agencies present at border entry points may be able to help army and police personnel with determining the ages of persons who may be children. It is therefore rec\u00ad ommended that agreement be reached with the government of the host country on the involvement of such agencies as advisers in the identification process (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1275, "Sentence":"Child protection agencies present at border entry points may be able to help army and police personnel with determining the ages of persons who may be children.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements child protection agency present border entry point may able help army police personnel determining age person may child ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.2. Identification of children among foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"When agreement is reached with the host country government about the definition of a child and the methods for providing children with separate treatment from adults, this informa\u00ad tion should be provided to all those involved in the process of identifying and separating combatants (i.e., army, police, peacekeepers, international police, etc.).It is often difficult to decide whether a combatant is under the age of 18, for a range of reasons. The children themselves may not know their own ages. They are likely to be under the influence of commanders who may not want to lose them, or they may be afraid to separate from commanders. Questioning children in the presence of commanders may not, therefore, always provide accurate information, and should be avoided. On the other hand, young adult combatants who do not want to be interned may try to falsify their age. Child protection agencies present at border entry points may be able to help army and police personnel with determining the ages of persons who may be children. It is therefore rec\u00ad ommended that agreement be reached with the government of the host country on the involvement of such agencies as advisers in the identification process (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1275, "Sentence":"It is therefore rec\u00ad ommended that agreement be reached with the government of the host country on the involvement of such agencies as advisers in the identification process (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements therefore rec\u00ad ommended agreement reached government host country involvement agency adviser identification process also see iddrs 5.30 child ddr ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.3. Separation of foreign children associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Once identified, children should be disarmed if necessary, removed from commanders and handed over to the custody of relevant agencies present at the border such as UNHCR, UNICEF and child protection NGOs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1276, "Sentence":"Once identified, children should be disarmed if necessary, removed from commanders and handed over to the custody of relevant agencies present at the border such as UNHCR, UNICEF and child protection NGOs.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements identified child disarmed necessary removed commander handed custody relevant agency present border unhcr unicef child protection ngo ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.4. Demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Children should not be accommodated in internment camps with adult combatants, unless a particular child is a serious security threat. This should only happen in exceptional circum\u00ad stances, and for no longer than absolutely necessary.Where the government has agreed to recognize children associated with fighting forces as refugees, these children can be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements, with due care given to possible security risks. For example, a short period in a refugee transit centre or appropriate interim care facility may give time for the child to start the demobilization process, socialize, readjust to a civilian environment, and prepare to transfer to a refugee camp or settlement. Temporary care measures like these would also provide time for agencies to carry out registration and documentation of the child and inter\u00adcamp tracing for family members, and find a suitable camp for placement. Finally, the use of an interim facility will allow the organization of a sensitization campaign in the camp to help other refugees to accept children associated with armed forces and groups who may be placed with them for reintegration in communities.Children associated with armed forces and groups should be included in programmes for other populations of separated children rather than being isolated as a separate group within a refugee camp or settlement. The social reintegration of children associated with fighting forces in refugee communities will be assisted by offering them normal activities such as education, vocational skills training and recreation, as well as family tracing and reunification. Younger children may be placed in foster care, whereas \u2018independent\/group living\u2019 arrangements with supervision by a welfare officer and \u2018older brother\u2019 peer support may be more appropriate for older adolescents.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1277, "Sentence":"Children should not be accommodated in internment camps with adult combatants, unless a particular child is a serious security threat.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements child accommodated internment camp adult combatant unless particular child serious security threat ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.4. Demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Children should not be accommodated in internment camps with adult combatants, unless a particular child is a serious security threat. This should only happen in exceptional circum\u00ad stances, and for no longer than absolutely necessary.Where the government has agreed to recognize children associated with fighting forces as refugees, these children can be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements, with due care given to possible security risks. For example, a short period in a refugee transit centre or appropriate interim care facility may give time for the child to start the demobilization process, socialize, readjust to a civilian environment, and prepare to transfer to a refugee camp or settlement. Temporary care measures like these would also provide time for agencies to carry out registration and documentation of the child and inter\u00adcamp tracing for family members, and find a suitable camp for placement. Finally, the use of an interim facility will allow the organization of a sensitization campaign in the camp to help other refugees to accept children associated with armed forces and groups who may be placed with them for reintegration in communities.Children associated with armed forces and groups should be included in programmes for other populations of separated children rather than being isolated as a separate group within a refugee camp or settlement. The social reintegration of children associated with fighting forces in refugee communities will be assisted by offering them normal activities such as education, vocational skills training and recreation, as well as family tracing and reunification. Younger children may be placed in foster care, whereas \u2018independent\/group living\u2019 arrangements with supervision by a welfare officer and \u2018older brother\u2019 peer support may be more appropriate for older adolescents.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1277, "Sentence":"This should only happen in exceptional circum\u00ad stances, and for no longer than absolutely necessary.Where the government has agreed to recognize children associated with fighting forces as refugees, these children can be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements, with due care given to possible security risks.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements happen exceptional circum\u00ad stance longer absolutely necessary.where government agreed recognize child associated fighting force refugee child accommodated refugee camp settlement due care given possible security risk ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.4. Demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Children should not be accommodated in internment camps with adult combatants, unless a particular child is a serious security threat. This should only happen in exceptional circum\u00ad stances, and for no longer than absolutely necessary.Where the government has agreed to recognize children associated with fighting forces as refugees, these children can be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements, with due care given to possible security risks. For example, a short period in a refugee transit centre or appropriate interim care facility may give time for the child to start the demobilization process, socialize, readjust to a civilian environment, and prepare to transfer to a refugee camp or settlement. Temporary care measures like these would also provide time for agencies to carry out registration and documentation of the child and inter\u00adcamp tracing for family members, and find a suitable camp for placement. Finally, the use of an interim facility will allow the organization of a sensitization campaign in the camp to help other refugees to accept children associated with armed forces and groups who may be placed with them for reintegration in communities.Children associated with armed forces and groups should be included in programmes for other populations of separated children rather than being isolated as a separate group within a refugee camp or settlement. The social reintegration of children associated with fighting forces in refugee communities will be assisted by offering them normal activities such as education, vocational skills training and recreation, as well as family tracing and reunification. Younger children may be placed in foster care, whereas \u2018independent\/group living\u2019 arrangements with supervision by a welfare officer and \u2018older brother\u2019 peer support may be more appropriate for older adolescents.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1277, "Sentence":"For example, a short period in a refugee transit centre or appropriate interim care facility may give time for the child to start the demobilization process, socialize, readjust to a civilian environment, and prepare to transfer to a refugee camp or settlement.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements example short period refugee transit centre appropriate interim care facility may give time child start demobilization process socialize readjust civilian environment prepare transfer refugee camp settlement ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.4. Demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Children should not be accommodated in internment camps with adult combatants, unless a particular child is a serious security threat. This should only happen in exceptional circum\u00ad stances, and for no longer than absolutely necessary.Where the government has agreed to recognize children associated with fighting forces as refugees, these children can be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements, with due care given to possible security risks. For example, a short period in a refugee transit centre or appropriate interim care facility may give time for the child to start the demobilization process, socialize, readjust to a civilian environment, and prepare to transfer to a refugee camp or settlement. Temporary care measures like these would also provide time for agencies to carry out registration and documentation of the child and inter\u00adcamp tracing for family members, and find a suitable camp for placement. Finally, the use of an interim facility will allow the organization of a sensitization campaign in the camp to help other refugees to accept children associated with armed forces and groups who may be placed with them for reintegration in communities.Children associated with armed forces and groups should be included in programmes for other populations of separated children rather than being isolated as a separate group within a refugee camp or settlement. The social reintegration of children associated with fighting forces in refugee communities will be assisted by offering them normal activities such as education, vocational skills training and recreation, as well as family tracing and reunification. Younger children may be placed in foster care, whereas \u2018independent\/group living\u2019 arrangements with supervision by a welfare officer and \u2018older brother\u2019 peer support may be more appropriate for older adolescents.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1277, "Sentence":"Temporary care measures like these would also provide time for agencies to carry out registration and documentation of the child and inter\u00adcamp tracing for family members, and find a suitable camp for placement.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements temporary care measure like would also provide time agency carry registration documentation child inter\u00adcamp tracing family member find suitable camp placement ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.4. Demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Children should not be accommodated in internment camps with adult combatants, unless a particular child is a serious security threat. This should only happen in exceptional circum\u00ad stances, and for no longer than absolutely necessary.Where the government has agreed to recognize children associated with fighting forces as refugees, these children can be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements, with due care given to possible security risks. For example, a short period in a refugee transit centre or appropriate interim care facility may give time for the child to start the demobilization process, socialize, readjust to a civilian environment, and prepare to transfer to a refugee camp or settlement. Temporary care measures like these would also provide time for agencies to carry out registration and documentation of the child and inter\u00adcamp tracing for family members, and find a suitable camp for placement. Finally, the use of an interim facility will allow the organization of a sensitization campaign in the camp to help other refugees to accept children associated with armed forces and groups who may be placed with them for reintegration in communities.Children associated with armed forces and groups should be included in programmes for other populations of separated children rather than being isolated as a separate group within a refugee camp or settlement. The social reintegration of children associated with fighting forces in refugee communities will be assisted by offering them normal activities such as education, vocational skills training and recreation, as well as family tracing and reunification. Younger children may be placed in foster care, whereas \u2018independent\/group living\u2019 arrangements with supervision by a welfare officer and \u2018older brother\u2019 peer support may be more appropriate for older adolescents.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1277, "Sentence":"Finally, the use of an interim facility will allow the organization of a sensitization campaign in the camp to help other refugees to accept children associated with armed forces and groups who may be placed with them for reintegration in communities.Children associated with armed forces and groups should be included in programmes for other populations of separated children rather than being isolated as a separate group within a refugee camp or settlement.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements finally use interim facility allow organization sensitization campaign camp help refugee accept child associated armed force group may placed reintegration communities.children associated armed force group included programme population separated child rather isolated separate group within refugee camp settlement ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.4. Demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Children should not be accommodated in internment camps with adult combatants, unless a particular child is a serious security threat. This should only happen in exceptional circum\u00ad stances, and for no longer than absolutely necessary.Where the government has agreed to recognize children associated with fighting forces as refugees, these children can be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements, with due care given to possible security risks. For example, a short period in a refugee transit centre or appropriate interim care facility may give time for the child to start the demobilization process, socialize, readjust to a civilian environment, and prepare to transfer to a refugee camp or settlement. Temporary care measures like these would also provide time for agencies to carry out registration and documentation of the child and inter\u00adcamp tracing for family members, and find a suitable camp for placement. Finally, the use of an interim facility will allow the organization of a sensitization campaign in the camp to help other refugees to accept children associated with armed forces and groups who may be placed with them for reintegration in communities.Children associated with armed forces and groups should be included in programmes for other populations of separated children rather than being isolated as a separate group within a refugee camp or settlement. The social reintegration of children associated with fighting forces in refugee communities will be assisted by offering them normal activities such as education, vocational skills training and recreation, as well as family tracing and reunification. Younger children may be placed in foster care, whereas \u2018independent\/group living\u2019 arrangements with supervision by a welfare officer and \u2018older brother\u2019 peer support may be more appropriate for older adolescents.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1277, "Sentence":"The social reintegration of children associated with fighting forces in refugee communities will be assisted by offering them normal activities such as education, vocational skills training and recreation, as well as family tracing and reunification.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements social reintegration child associated fighting force refugee community assisted offering normal activity education vocational skill training recreation well family tracing reunification ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.4. Demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Children should not be accommodated in internment camps with adult combatants, unless a particular child is a serious security threat. This should only happen in exceptional circum\u00ad stances, and for no longer than absolutely necessary.Where the government has agreed to recognize children associated with fighting forces as refugees, these children can be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements, with due care given to possible security risks. For example, a short period in a refugee transit centre or appropriate interim care facility may give time for the child to start the demobilization process, socialize, readjust to a civilian environment, and prepare to transfer to a refugee camp or settlement. Temporary care measures like these would also provide time for agencies to carry out registration and documentation of the child and inter\u00adcamp tracing for family members, and find a suitable camp for placement. Finally, the use of an interim facility will allow the organization of a sensitization campaign in the camp to help other refugees to accept children associated with armed forces and groups who may be placed with them for reintegration in communities.Children associated with armed forces and groups should be included in programmes for other populations of separated children rather than being isolated as a separate group within a refugee camp or settlement. The social reintegration of children associated with fighting forces in refugee communities will be assisted by offering them normal activities such as education, vocational skills training and recreation, as well as family tracing and reunification. Younger children may be placed in foster care, whereas \u2018independent\/group living\u2019 arrangements with supervision by a welfare officer and \u2018older brother\u2019 peer support may be more appropriate for older adolescents.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1277, "Sentence":"Younger children may be placed in foster care, whereas \u2018independent\/group living\u2019 arrangements with supervision by a welfare officer and \u2018older brother\u2019 peer support may be more appropriate for older adolescents.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements younger child may placed foster care whereas \u2018 independent\/group living \u2019 arrangement supervision welfare officer \u2018 older brother \u2019 peer support may appropriate older adolescent ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.5. Prevention of military recruitment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Prevention of (re\u00ad)recruitment, especially of at\u00adrisk young people such as children previously associated with armed forces and groups and separated children, must be an important focus in refugee camps and settlements. Preventive measures include: locating camps and settlements a safe distance from the border; sufficient agency staff being present at the camps; security and good governance measures; sensitization of refugee communities, families and children themselves to assist them to avoid recruitment in camps; birth registration of children; and adequate programmes for at\u00adrisk young people, including family\u00adtracing activities, education and vocational skills programmes to provide alternative livelihood options for the future.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1278, "Sentence":"Prevention of (re\u00ad)recruitment, especially of at\u00adrisk young people such as children previously associated with armed forces and groups and separated children, must be an important focus in refugee camps and settlements.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements prevention re\u00adrecruitment especially at\u00adrisk young people child previously associated armed force group separated child must important focus refugee camp settlement ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.5. Prevention of military recruitment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Prevention of (re\u00ad)recruitment, especially of at\u00adrisk young people such as children previously associated with armed forces and groups and separated children, must be an important focus in refugee camps and settlements. Preventive measures include: locating camps and settlements a safe distance from the border; sufficient agency staff being present at the camps; security and good governance measures; sensitization of refugee communities, families and children themselves to assist them to avoid recruitment in camps; birth registration of children; and adequate programmes for at\u00adrisk young people, including family\u00adtracing activities, education and vocational skills programmes to provide alternative livelihood options for the future.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1278, "Sentence":"Preventive measures include: locating camps and settlements a safe distance from the border; sufficient agency staff being present at the camps; security and good governance measures; sensitization of refugee communities, families and children themselves to assist them to avoid recruitment in camps; birth registration of children; and adequate programmes for at\u00adrisk young people, including family\u00adtracing activities, education and vocational skills programmes to provide alternative livelihood options for the future.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements preventive measure include locating camp settlement safe distance border sufficient agency staff present camp security good governance measure sensitization refugee community family child assist avoid recruitment camp birth registration child adequate programme at\u00adrisk young people including family\u00adtracing activity education vocational skill programme provide alternative livelihood option future ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.6. Specific needs of girls", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In many conflicts, there is a significant level of war\u00adrelated sexual violence against girls. (NB: Boys may also be affected by sexual abuse, and it is necessary to identify survivors, although this may be difficult.) Girls who have been associated with armed groups and forces may have been subjected to sexual slavery, exploitation and other abuses and may have babies of their own. Once removed from the armed group or force, they may continue to be at risk of exploitation in a refugee camp or settlement, especially if they are separated from their families. Adequate and culturally appropriate sexual and gender\u00adbased violence pro\u00ad grammes should be provided in refugee camps and communities to help protect girls, and community mobilization is needed to raise awareness and help prevent exploitation and abuse. Special efforts should be made to allow girls access to basic services in order to prevent exploitation (also see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1279, "Sentence":"In many conflicts, there is a significant level of war\u00adrelated sexual violence against girls.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements many conflict significant level war\u00adrelated sexual violence girl ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.6. Specific needs of girls", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In many conflicts, there is a significant level of war\u00adrelated sexual violence against girls. (NB: Boys may also be affected by sexual abuse, and it is necessary to identify survivors, although this may be difficult.) Girls who have been associated with armed groups and forces may have been subjected to sexual slavery, exploitation and other abuses and may have babies of their own. Once removed from the armed group or force, they may continue to be at risk of exploitation in a refugee camp or settlement, especially if they are separated from their families. Adequate and culturally appropriate sexual and gender\u00adbased violence pro\u00ad grammes should be provided in refugee camps and communities to help protect girls, and community mobilization is needed to raise awareness and help prevent exploitation and abuse. Special efforts should be made to allow girls access to basic services in order to prevent exploitation (also see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1279, "Sentence":"(NB: Boys may also be affected by sexual abuse, and it is necessary to identify survivors, although this may be difficult.)", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nb boy may also affected sexual abuse necessary identify survivor although may difficult ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.6. Specific needs of girls", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In many conflicts, there is a significant level of war\u00adrelated sexual violence against girls. (NB: Boys may also be affected by sexual abuse, and it is necessary to identify survivors, although this may be difficult.) Girls who have been associated with armed groups and forces may have been subjected to sexual slavery, exploitation and other abuses and may have babies of their own. Once removed from the armed group or force, they may continue to be at risk of exploitation in a refugee camp or settlement, especially if they are separated from their families. Adequate and culturally appropriate sexual and gender\u00adbased violence pro\u00ad grammes should be provided in refugee camps and communities to help protect girls, and community mobilization is needed to raise awareness and help prevent exploitation and abuse. Special efforts should be made to allow girls access to basic services in order to prevent exploitation (also see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1279, "Sentence":"Girls who have been associated with armed groups and forces may have been subjected to sexual slavery, exploitation and other abuses and may have babies of their own.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements girl associated armed group force may subjected sexual slavery exploitation abuse may baby ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.6. Specific needs of girls", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In many conflicts, there is a significant level of war\u00adrelated sexual violence against girls. (NB: Boys may also be affected by sexual abuse, and it is necessary to identify survivors, although this may be difficult.) Girls who have been associated with armed groups and forces may have been subjected to sexual slavery, exploitation and other abuses and may have babies of their own. Once removed from the armed group or force, they may continue to be at risk of exploitation in a refugee camp or settlement, especially if they are separated from their families. Adequate and culturally appropriate sexual and gender\u00adbased violence pro\u00ad grammes should be provided in refugee camps and communities to help protect girls, and community mobilization is needed to raise awareness and help prevent exploitation and abuse. Special efforts should be made to allow girls access to basic services in order to prevent exploitation (also see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1279, "Sentence":"Once removed from the armed group or force, they may continue to be at risk of exploitation in a refugee camp or settlement, especially if they are separated from their families.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements removed armed group force may continue risk exploitation refugee camp settlement especially separated family ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.6. Specific needs of girls", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In many conflicts, there is a significant level of war\u00adrelated sexual violence against girls. (NB: Boys may also be affected by sexual abuse, and it is necessary to identify survivors, although this may be difficult.) Girls who have been associated with armed groups and forces may have been subjected to sexual slavery, exploitation and other abuses and may have babies of their own. Once removed from the armed group or force, they may continue to be at risk of exploitation in a refugee camp or settlement, especially if they are separated from their families. Adequate and culturally appropriate sexual and gender\u00adbased violence pro\u00ad grammes should be provided in refugee camps and communities to help protect girls, and community mobilization is needed to raise awareness and help prevent exploitation and abuse. Special efforts should be made to allow girls access to basic services in order to prevent exploitation (also see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1279, "Sentence":"Adequate and culturally appropriate sexual and gender\u00adbased violence pro\u00ad grammes should be provided in refugee camps and communities to help protect girls, and community mobilization is needed to raise awareness and help prevent exploitation and abuse.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements adequate culturally appropriate sexual gender\u00adbased violence pro\u00ad gramme provided refugee camp community help protect girl community mobilization needed raise awareness help prevent exploitation abuse ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"8. Foreign children associated with armed forces and groups and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"8.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"8.3.6. Specific needs of girls", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In many conflicts, there is a significant level of war\u00adrelated sexual violence against girls. (NB: Boys may also be affected by sexual abuse, and it is necessary to identify survivors, although this may be difficult.) Girls who have been associated with armed groups and forces may have been subjected to sexual slavery, exploitation and other abuses and may have babies of their own. Once removed from the armed group or force, they may continue to be at risk of exploitation in a refugee camp or settlement, especially if they are separated from their families. Adequate and culturally appropriate sexual and gender\u00adbased violence pro\u00ad grammes should be provided in refugee camps and communities to help protect girls, and community mobilization is needed to raise awareness and help prevent exploitation and abuse. Special efforts should be made to allow girls access to basic services in order to prevent exploitation (also see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1279, "Sentence":"Special efforts should be made to allow girls access to basic services in order to prevent exploitation (also see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements special effort made allow girl access basic service order prevent exploitation also see iddrs 5.20 youth ddr iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"9. Civilian family members or other dependants of combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"9.1. Context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Foreign combatants entering a host country may sometimes be accompanied by civilian fam\u00ad ily members or other dependants. Family members may also independently make their way to the host country. If the family members have entered the host country to seek asylum, they should be considered as refugees or asylum seekers, unless there are individual cir\u00ad cumstances to the contrary.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1280, "Sentence":"Foreign combatants entering a host country may sometimes be accompanied by civilian fam\u00ad ily members or other dependants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements foreign combatant entering host country may sometimes accompanied civilian fam\u00ad ily member dependant ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"9. Civilian family members or other dependants of combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"9.1. Context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Foreign combatants entering a host country may sometimes be accompanied by civilian fam\u00ad ily members or other dependants. Family members may also independently make their way to the host country. If the family members have entered the host country to seek asylum, they should be considered as refugees or asylum seekers, unless there are individual cir\u00ad cumstances to the contrary.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1280, "Sentence":"Family members may also independently make their way to the host country.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements family member may also independently make way host country ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"9. Civilian family members or other dependants of combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"9.1. Context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Foreign combatants entering a host country may sometimes be accompanied by civilian fam\u00ad ily members or other dependants. Family members may also independently make their way to the host country. If the family members have entered the host country to seek asylum, they should be considered as refugees or asylum seekers, unless there are individual cir\u00ad cumstances to the contrary.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1280, "Sentence":"If the family members have entered the host country to seek asylum, they should be considered as refugees or asylum seekers, unless there are individual cir\u00ad cumstances to the contrary.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements family member entered host country seek asylum considered refugee asylum seeker unless individual cir\u00ad cumstances contrary ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"9. Civilian family members or other dependants of combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"9.2. Key agencies", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"UNHCR is the mandated UN agency for refugees. Key national agencies include those deal\u00ad ing with refugees and humanitarian affairs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1281, "Sentence":"UNHCR is the mandated UN agency for refugees.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements unhcr mandated un agency refugee ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"9. Civilian family members or other dependants of combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"9.2. Key agencies", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"UNHCR is the mandated UN agency for refugees. Key national agencies include those deal\u00ad ing with refugees and humanitarian affairs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1281, "Sentence":"Key national agencies include those deal\u00ad ing with refugees and humanitarian affairs.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements key national agency include deal\u00ad ing refugee humanitarian affair ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"9. Civilian family members or other dependants of combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"9.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"9.3.1. Providing safe asylum and accommodation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"When civilian family members of combatants enter a country of asylum, they should be directed to UNHCR and the host government\u2019s refugee agency, while the adult combatants will be dealt with by the army and police. Family members or dependants may be accom\u00ad modated in refugee camps or settlements or urban areas (depending on the policy of the government of the host country). Accommodation placements should be carried out with due regard to protection concerns, e.g., family members of a combatant should be protected from other refugees who may be victims of that combatant.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1282, "Sentence":"When civilian family members of combatants enter a country of asylum, they should be directed to UNHCR and the host government\u2019s refugee agency, while the adult combatants will be dealt with by the army and police.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements civilian family member combatant enter country asylum directed unhcr host government \u2019 refugee agency adult combatant dealt army police ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"9. Civilian family members or other dependants of combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"9.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"9.3.1. Providing safe asylum and accommodation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"When civilian family members of combatants enter a country of asylum, they should be directed to UNHCR and the host government\u2019s refugee agency, while the adult combatants will be dealt with by the army and police. Family members or dependants may be accom\u00ad modated in refugee camps or settlements or urban areas (depending on the policy of the government of the host country). Accommodation placements should be carried out with due regard to protection concerns, e.g., family members of a combatant should be protected from other refugees who may be victims of that combatant.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1282, "Sentence":"Family members or dependants may be accom\u00ad modated in refugee camps or settlements or urban areas (depending on the policy of the government of the host country).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements family member dependant may accom\u00ad modated refugee camp settlement urban area depending policy government host country ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"9. Civilian family members or other dependants of combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"9.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"9.3.1. Providing safe asylum and accommodation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"When civilian family members of combatants enter a country of asylum, they should be directed to UNHCR and the host government\u2019s refugee agency, while the adult combatants will be dealt with by the army and police. Family members or dependants may be accom\u00ad modated in refugee camps or settlements or urban areas (depending on the policy of the government of the host country). Accommodation placements should be carried out with due regard to protection concerns, e.g., family members of a combatant should be protected from other refugees who may be victims of that combatant.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1282, "Sentence":"Accommodation placements should be carried out with due regard to protection concerns, e.g., family members of a combatant should be protected from other refugees who may be victims of that combatant.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements accommodation placement carried due regard protection concern e.g . family member combatant protected refugee may victim combatant ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"9. Civilian family members or other dependants of combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"9.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"9.3.2. Maintaining family links with foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"It is important to try to establish family links between refugee family members and com\u00ad batants in internment camps, since separation and internment policies may create many female\u00adheaded households. Family links can be maintained through family tracing, ex\u00ad changes of Red Cross messages and family visits to internment camps, which should be organized by ICRC, Red Cross national societies and UNHCR. Women and girls who have been forcibly abducted and are married under circumstances not recognized by customary or national law have the right, with their children where applicable, to be safely separated from their \u2018husbands\u2019 (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1283, "Sentence":"It is important to try to establish family links between refugee family members and com\u00ad batants in internment camps, since separation and internment policies may create many female\u00adheaded households.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements important try establish family link refugee family member com\u00ad batants internment camp since separation internment policy may create many female\u00adheaded household ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"9. Civilian family members or other dependants of combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"9.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"9.3.2. Maintaining family links with foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"It is important to try to establish family links between refugee family members and com\u00ad batants in internment camps, since separation and internment policies may create many female\u00adheaded households. Family links can be maintained through family tracing, ex\u00ad changes of Red Cross messages and family visits to internment camps, which should be organized by ICRC, Red Cross national societies and UNHCR. Women and girls who have been forcibly abducted and are married under circumstances not recognized by customary or national law have the right, with their children where applicable, to be safely separated from their \u2018husbands\u2019 (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1283, "Sentence":"Family links can be maintained through family tracing, ex\u00ad changes of Red Cross messages and family visits to internment camps, which should be organized by ICRC, Red Cross national societies and UNHCR.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements family link maintained family tracing ex\u00ad change red cross message family visit internment camp organized icrc red cross national society unhcr ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"9. Civilian family members or other dependants of combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"9.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"9.3.2. Maintaining family links with foreign combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"It is important to try to establish family links between refugee family members and com\u00ad batants in internment camps, since separation and internment policies may create many female\u00adheaded households. Family links can be maintained through family tracing, ex\u00ad changes of Red Cross messages and family visits to internment camps, which should be organized by ICRC, Red Cross national societies and UNHCR. Women and girls who have been forcibly abducted and are married under circumstances not recognized by customary or national law have the right, with their children where applicable, to be safely separated from their \u2018husbands\u2019 (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1283, "Sentence":"Women and girls who have been forcibly abducted and are married under circumstances not recognized by customary or national law have the right, with their children where applicable, to be safely separated from their \u2018husbands\u2019 (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements woman girl forcibly abducted married circumstance recognized customary national law right child applicable safely separated \u2018 husband \u2019 also see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"9. Civilian family members or other dependants of combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"9.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"9.3.3. Preserving the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"It is essential to ensure that refugee camps and settlements do not become militarized through the infiltration of combatants, which may lead to camps and settlements becoming the focus of security problems, including military attacks. Preventing this problem is primarily the responsibility of the government of the host country, but international agencies should support the government, and donor support will be essential.Security in and around refugee camps and settlements can be achieved through: \\n locating refugee camps and settlements a safe distance away from the border (generally at least 50 kilometres) and conflict zones; \\n the systematic identification, disarmament, separation and internment of combatants; \\n the screening of persons being relocated to refugee camps to ensure that only civilians are admitted; \\n prohibiting armed elements from residence in, transit though or visits to refugee camps and settlements; \\n prohibiting all military activities in refugee camps, including recruitment, training and providing support to combatants; \\n prohibiting the holding, trading and bringing of weapons and ammunition into refugee camps and settlements by unauthorized persons; \\n ensuring the presence of enough agency staff in camps and settlements; enforcing law and order in camps and settlements; \\n enforcing security measures such as stationing police in and around camps and settle\u00ad ments; \\n involving refugees in ensuring their own security and the peaceful and humanitarian character of camps and settlements, e.g., through community\u00adbased neighbourhood watch schemes and good governance measures in camps and settlements; \\n enforcing properly functioning camp rules and by\u00adlaws to regulate the conduct of refugees, resolve disputes, etc., in order to supplement the laws of the host country (to which refugees are also subject); \\n correctly designing the size and physical layout of camps and settlements; encouraging good neighbourliness between refugee camps\/settlements and host communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1284, "Sentence":"It is essential to ensure that refugee camps and settlements do not become militarized through the infiltration of combatants, which may lead to camps and settlements becoming the focus of security problems, including military attacks.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements essential ensure refugee camp settlement become militarized infiltration combatant may lead camp settlement becoming focus security problem including military attack ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"9. Civilian family members or other dependants of combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"9.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"9.3.3. Preserving the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"It is essential to ensure that refugee camps and settlements do not become militarized through the infiltration of combatants, which may lead to camps and settlements becoming the focus of security problems, including military attacks. Preventing this problem is primarily the responsibility of the government of the host country, but international agencies should support the government, and donor support will be essential.Security in and around refugee camps and settlements can be achieved through: \\n locating refugee camps and settlements a safe distance away from the border (generally at least 50 kilometres) and conflict zones; \\n the systematic identification, disarmament, separation and internment of combatants; \\n the screening of persons being relocated to refugee camps to ensure that only civilians are admitted; \\n prohibiting armed elements from residence in, transit though or visits to refugee camps and settlements; \\n prohibiting all military activities in refugee camps, including recruitment, training and providing support to combatants; \\n prohibiting the holding, trading and bringing of weapons and ammunition into refugee camps and settlements by unauthorized persons; \\n ensuring the presence of enough agency staff in camps and settlements; enforcing law and order in camps and settlements; \\n enforcing security measures such as stationing police in and around camps and settle\u00ad ments; \\n involving refugees in ensuring their own security and the peaceful and humanitarian character of camps and settlements, e.g., through community\u00adbased neighbourhood watch schemes and good governance measures in camps and settlements; \\n enforcing properly functioning camp rules and by\u00adlaws to regulate the conduct of refugees, resolve disputes, etc., in order to supplement the laws of the host country (to which refugees are also subject); \\n correctly designing the size and physical layout of camps and settlements; encouraging good neighbourliness between refugee camps\/settlements and host communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1284, "Sentence":"Preventing this problem is primarily the responsibility of the government of the host country, but international agencies should support the government, and donor support will be essential.Security in and around refugee camps and settlements can be achieved through: \\n locating refugee camps and settlements a safe distance away from the border (generally at least 50 kilometres) and conflict zones; \\n the systematic identification, disarmament, separation and internment of combatants; \\n the screening of persons being relocated to refugee camps to ensure that only civilians are admitted; \\n prohibiting armed elements from residence in, transit though or visits to refugee camps and settlements; \\n prohibiting all military activities in refugee camps, including recruitment, training and providing support to combatants; \\n prohibiting the holding, trading and bringing of weapons and ammunition into refugee camps and settlements by unauthorized persons; \\n ensuring the presence of enough agency staff in camps and settlements; enforcing law and order in camps and settlements; \\n enforcing security measures such as stationing police in and around camps and settle\u00ad ments; \\n involving refugees in ensuring their own security and the peaceful and humanitarian character of camps and settlements, e.g., through community\u00adbased neighbourhood watch schemes and good governance measures in camps and settlements; \\n enforcing properly functioning camp rules and by\u00adlaws to regulate the conduct of refugees, resolve disputes, etc., in order to supplement the laws of the host country (to which refugees are also subject); \\n correctly designing the size and physical layout of camps and settlements; encouraging good neighbourliness between refugee camps\/settlements and host communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements preventing problem primarily responsibility government host country international agency support government donor support essential.security around refugee camp settlement achieved n locating refugee camp settlement safe distance away border generally least 50 kilometre conflict zone n systematic identification disarmament separation internment combatant n screening person relocated refugee camp ensure civilian admitted n prohibiting armed element residence transit though visit refugee camp settlement n prohibiting military activity refugee camp including recruitment training providing support combatant n prohibiting holding trading bringing weapon ammunition refugee camp settlement unauthorized person n ensuring presence enough agency staff camp settlement enforcing law order camp settlement n enforcing security measure stationing police around camp settle\u00ad ments n involving refugee ensuring security peaceful humanitarian character camp settlement e.g . community\u00adbased neighbourhood watch scheme good governance measure camp settlement n enforcing properly functioning camp rule by\u00adlaws regulate conduct refugee resolve dispute etc . order supplement law host country refugee also subject n correctly designing size physical layout camp settlement encouraging good neighbourliness refugee camps\/settlements host community ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"10. Cross-border abductees and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"10.1. Context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"In the context of regionalized conflicts, cross\u00adborder attacks and movements of combatants across borders, experience has shown that within the households of combatants, or under their control in other ways, will be persons who have been abducted across borders for the purposes of forced labour, sexual exploitation, military recruitment, etc. Their presence may not become known until some time after fighting has ended.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1285, "Sentence":"In the context of regionalized conflicts, cross\u00adborder attacks and movements of combatants across borders, experience has shown that within the households of combatants, or under their control in other ways, will be persons who have been abducted across borders for the purposes of forced labour, sexual exploitation, military recruitment, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements context regionalized conflict cross\u00adborder attack movement combatant across border experience shown within household combatant control way person abducted across border purpose forced labour sexual exploitation military recruitment etc ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"10. Cross-border abductees and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"10.1. Context", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"In the context of regionalized conflicts, cross\u00adborder attacks and movements of combatants across borders, experience has shown that within the households of combatants, or under their control in other ways, will be persons who have been abducted across borders for the purposes of forced labour, sexual exploitation, military recruitment, etc. Their presence may not become known until some time after fighting has ended.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1285, "Sentence":"Their presence may not become known until some time after fighting has ended.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements presence may become known time fighting ended ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"10. Cross-border abductees and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"10.2. Key agencies", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Cross\u00adborder abductees do not necessarily come within the mandate of any specific inter\u00ad national agency. However, agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC are encouraged to assist such third\u00adcountry nationals on humanitarian grounds in view of their situation of external dis\u00ad placement. Key national agencies include those concerned with humanitarian affairs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1286, "Sentence":"Cross\u00adborder abductees do not necessarily come within the mandate of any specific inter\u00ad national agency.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements cross\u00adborder abductees necessarily come within mandate specific inter\u00ad national agency ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"10. Cross-border abductees and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"10.2. Key agencies", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Cross\u00adborder abductees do not necessarily come within the mandate of any specific inter\u00ad national agency. However, agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC are encouraged to assist such third\u00adcountry nationals on humanitarian grounds in view of their situation of external dis\u00ad placement. Key national agencies include those concerned with humanitarian affairs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1286, "Sentence":"However, agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC are encouraged to assist such third\u00adcountry nationals on humanitarian grounds in view of their situation of external dis\u00ad placement.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements however agency unhcr icrc encouraged assist third\u00adcountry national humanitarian ground view situation external dis\u00ad placement ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"10. Cross-border abductees and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"10.2. Key agencies", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Cross\u00adborder abductees do not necessarily come within the mandate of any specific inter\u00ad national agency. However, agencies such as UNHCR and ICRC are encouraged to assist such third\u00adcountry nationals on humanitarian grounds in view of their situation of external dis\u00ad placement. Key national agencies include those concerned with humanitarian affairs.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1286, "Sentence":"Key national agencies include those concerned with humanitarian affairs.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements key national agency include concerned humanitarian affair ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"10. Cross-border abductees and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"10.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"10.3.1. Identification, release, finding long-lasting solutions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"The main ways in which agencies can protect and assist cross\u00adborder abductees are for them to: (1) identify those who have been abducted (they may often be \u2018invisible\u2019, particularly in view of their vulnerability and their marginalization from the local community because of their foreign nationality, although it may be possible to get access to them by working through local, especially women\u2019s organizations); (2) arrange for their release if necessary; and (3) arrange for their voluntary repatriation or find another long\u00adterm way to help them. Foreign abductees should be included in inter\u00adagency efforts to help national abductees, such as advocacy with and sensitization of combatants to release abductees under their control (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1287, "Sentence":"The main ways in which agencies can protect and assist cross\u00adborder abductees are for them to: (1) identify those who have been abducted (they may often be \u2018invisible\u2019, particularly in view of their vulnerability and their marginalization from the local community because of their foreign nationality, although it may be possible to get access to them by working through local, especially women\u2019s organizations); (2) arrange for their release if necessary; and (3) arrange for their voluntary repatriation or find another long\u00adterm way to help them.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements main way agency protect assist cross\u00adborder abductees 1 identify abducted may often \u2018 invisible \u2019 particularly view vulnerability marginalization local community foreign nationality although may possible get access working local especially woman \u2019 organization 2 arrange release necessary 3 arrange voluntary repatriation find another long\u00adterm way help ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"10. Cross-border abductees and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"10.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"10.3.1. Identification, release, finding long-lasting solutions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"The main ways in which agencies can protect and assist cross\u00adborder abductees are for them to: (1) identify those who have been abducted (they may often be \u2018invisible\u2019, particularly in view of their vulnerability and their marginalization from the local community because of their foreign nationality, although it may be possible to get access to them by working through local, especially women\u2019s organizations); (2) arrange for their release if necessary; and (3) arrange for their voluntary repatriation or find another long\u00adterm way to help them. Foreign abductees should be included in inter\u00adagency efforts to help national abductees, such as advocacy with and sensitization of combatants to release abductees under their control (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1287, "Sentence":"Foreign abductees should be included in inter\u00adagency efforts to help national abductees, such as advocacy with and sensitization of combatants to release abductees under their control (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements foreign abductees included inter\u00adagency effort help national abductees advocacy sensitization combatant release abductees control also see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr iddrs 5.30 child ddr ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"10. Cross-border abductees and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"10.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"10.3.2. Eligibility for DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Cross\u00adborder abductees should be considered as eligible to participate in reintegration pro\u00ad grammes in the host country or country of origin together with other persons associated with the armed forces and groups, regardless of whether or not they are in possession of weapons. Although linked to the main DDR process, such programmes should be separate from those dealing with persons who have fought\/carried weapons, and should carefully screen refugees to identify those who are eligible.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1288, "Sentence":"Cross\u00adborder abductees should be considered as eligible to participate in reintegration pro\u00ad grammes in the host country or country of origin together with other persons associated with the armed forces and groups, regardless of whether or not they are in possession of weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements cross\u00adborder abductees considered eligible participate reintegration pro\u00ad gramme host country country origin together person associated armed force group regardless whether possession weapon ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"10. Cross-border abductees and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"10.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"10.3.2. Eligibility for DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Cross\u00adborder abductees should be considered as eligible to participate in reintegration pro\u00ad grammes in the host country or country of origin together with other persons associated with the armed forces and groups, regardless of whether or not they are in possession of weapons. Although linked to the main DDR process, such programmes should be separate from those dealing with persons who have fought\/carried weapons, and should carefully screen refugees to identify those who are eligible.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1288, "Sentence":"Although linked to the main DDR process, such programmes should be separate from those dealing with persons who have fought\/carried weapons, and should carefully screen refugees to identify those who are eligible.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements although linked main ddr process programme separate dealing person fought\/carried weapon carefully screen refugee identify eligible ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"10. Cross-border abductees and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"10.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"10.3.3. Issues relating to women and girls", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Women and girl abductees, including forced wives of combatants and those with children conceived during their captivity, are likely to be in a particularly difficult situation, both in the host country and in the country of origin. They will need special attention in protection, reintegration and reconciliation activities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1289, "Sentence":"Women and girl abductees, including forced wives of combatants and those with children conceived during their captivity, are likely to be in a particularly difficult situation, both in the host country and in the country of origin.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements woman girl abductees including forced wife combatant child conceived captivity likely particularly difficult situation host country country origin ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"10. Cross-border abductees and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"10.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"10.3.3. Issues relating to women and girls", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Women and girl abductees, including forced wives of combatants and those with children conceived during their captivity, are likely to be in a particularly difficult situation, both in the host country and in the country of origin. They will need special attention in protection, reintegration and reconciliation activities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1289, "Sentence":"They will need special attention in protection, reintegration and reconciliation activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements need special attention protection reintegration reconciliation activity ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"10. Cross-border abductees and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"10.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"10.3.4. Local integration and empowerment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Cross\u00adborder abductees who do not want to repatriate, or are not in a position to make a decision to separate themselves from abduc\u00ad tors\/combatants, should be included in hu\u00ad manitarian assistance programmes in these locations, in order to empower them so that they can make decisions about their future, as well as to help them integrate into the host country, if that is what they want to do.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1290, "Sentence":"Cross\u00adborder abductees who do not want to repatriate, or are not in a position to make a decision to separate themselves from abduc\u00ad tors\/combatants, should be included in hu\u00ad manitarian assistance programmes in these locations, in order to empower them so that they can make decisions about their future, as well as to help them integrate into the host country, if that is what they want to do.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements cross\u00adborder abductees want repatriate position make decision separate abduc\u00ad tors\/combatants included hu\u00ad manitarian assistance programme location order empower make decision future well help integrate host country want ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"10. Cross-border abductees and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"10.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"10.3.5. Re-establishing family links", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Cross\u00adborder family links should be estab\u00ad lished and coordinated in collaboration with ICRC and national Red Cross and Red Cres\u00ad cent societies (which have a mandate for tracing people across international borders) or other relevant agencies. This service will assist cross\u00adborder abductees to make decisions about their long\u00adterm future (e.g., by helping them to assess the reaction of family members to their situation) and will help to bring about future family reunification. Both abductees and family members are likely to be in need of counselling before family reunification.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1291, "Sentence":"Cross\u00adborder family links should be estab\u00ad lished and coordinated in collaboration with ICRC and national Red Cross and Red Cres\u00ad cent societies (which have a mandate for tracing people across international borders) or other relevant agencies.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements cross\u00adborder family link estab\u00ad lished coordinated collaboration icrc national red cross red cres\u00ad cent society mandate tracing people across international border relevant agency ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"10. Cross-border abductees and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"10.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"10.3.5. Re-establishing family links", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Cross\u00adborder family links should be estab\u00ad lished and coordinated in collaboration with ICRC and national Red Cross and Red Cres\u00ad cent societies (which have a mandate for tracing people across international borders) or other relevant agencies. This service will assist cross\u00adborder abductees to make decisions about their long\u00adterm future (e.g., by helping them to assess the reaction of family members to their situation) and will help to bring about future family reunification. Both abductees and family members are likely to be in need of counselling before family reunification.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1291, "Sentence":"This service will assist cross\u00adborder abductees to make decisions about their long\u00adterm future (e.g., by helping them to assess the reaction of family members to their situation) and will help to bring about future family reunification.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements service assist cross\u00adborder abductees make decision long\u00adterm future e.g . helping ass reaction family member situation help bring future family reunification ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"10. Cross-border abductees and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"10.3. Key actions", "Heading3":"10.3.5. Re-establishing family links", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Cross\u00adborder family links should be estab\u00ad lished and coordinated in collaboration with ICRC and national Red Cross and Red Cres\u00ad cent societies (which have a mandate for tracing people across international borders) or other relevant agencies. This service will assist cross\u00adborder abductees to make decisions about their long\u00adterm future (e.g., by helping them to assess the reaction of family members to their situation) and will help to bring about future family reunification. Both abductees and family members are likely to be in need of counselling before family reunification.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1291, "Sentence":"Both abductees and family members are likely to be in need of counselling before family reunification.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements abductees family member likely need counselling family reunification ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.1. Regional dimensions to be taken into account in setting up DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Since lasting peace and stability in a region depend on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, the following principles relat\u00ad ing to regional and cross\u00adborder issues should be taken into account in planning for DDR: \\n DDR programmes should be open to all persons who have taken part in the con\u00ad flict, including foreigners and nationals who have crossed international borders. Extensive sensitization is needed both in countries of origin and host countries to ensure that all persons entitled to par\u00ad ticipate in DDR programmes are aware of their right to do so; DDR programmes should be open to all persons who have taken part in the conflict, including foreigners and nationals who have crossed international borders. \\n close coordination and links among all DDR programmes in a region are essential. There should be regular coordination meetings on DDR issues \u2014 including, in particular, regional aspects \u2014 among UN missions, national commissions on DDR or competent government agencies, and other relevant agencies; \\n to avoid disruptive consequences, including illicit cross\u00adborder movements and traffick\u00ad ing of weapons, standards in DDR programmes within a region should be harmonized as much as possible. While DDR programmes may be implemented within a regional framework, such programmes must nevertheless take into full consideration the poli\u00ad tical, social and economic contexts of the different countries in which they are to be implemented; \\n in order to have accurate information on foreign combatants who have been involved in a conflict, DDR registration forms should contain a specific question on the national\u00ad ity of the combatant.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1292, "Sentence":"Since lasting peace and stability in a region depend on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, the following principles relat\u00ad ing to regional and cross\u00adborder issues should be taken into account in planning for DDR: \\n DDR programmes should be open to all persons who have taken part in the con\u00ad flict, including foreigners and nationals who have crossed international borders.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements since lasting peace stability region depend ability ddr programme attract maximum possible number former combatant following principle relat\u00ad ing regional cross\u00adborder issue taken account planning ddr n ddr programme open person taken part con\u00ad flict including foreigner national crossed international border ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.1. Regional dimensions to be taken into account in setting up DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Since lasting peace and stability in a region depend on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, the following principles relat\u00ad ing to regional and cross\u00adborder issues should be taken into account in planning for DDR: \\n DDR programmes should be open to all persons who have taken part in the con\u00ad flict, including foreigners and nationals who have crossed international borders. Extensive sensitization is needed both in countries of origin and host countries to ensure that all persons entitled to par\u00ad ticipate in DDR programmes are aware of their right to do so; DDR programmes should be open to all persons who have taken part in the conflict, including foreigners and nationals who have crossed international borders. \\n close coordination and links among all DDR programmes in a region are essential. There should be regular coordination meetings on DDR issues \u2014 including, in particular, regional aspects \u2014 among UN missions, national commissions on DDR or competent government agencies, and other relevant agencies; \\n to avoid disruptive consequences, including illicit cross\u00adborder movements and traffick\u00ad ing of weapons, standards in DDR programmes within a region should be harmonized as much as possible. While DDR programmes may be implemented within a regional framework, such programmes must nevertheless take into full consideration the poli\u00ad tical, social and economic contexts of the different countries in which they are to be implemented; \\n in order to have accurate information on foreign combatants who have been involved in a conflict, DDR registration forms should contain a specific question on the national\u00ad ity of the combatant.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1292, "Sentence":"Extensive sensitization is needed both in countries of origin and host countries to ensure that all persons entitled to par\u00ad ticipate in DDR programmes are aware of their right to do so; DDR programmes should be open to all persons who have taken part in the conflict, including foreigners and nationals who have crossed international borders.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements extensive sensitization needed country origin host country ensure person entitled par\u00ad ticipate ddr programme aware right ddr programme open person taken part conflict including foreigner national crossed international border ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.1. Regional dimensions to be taken into account in setting up DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Since lasting peace and stability in a region depend on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, the following principles relat\u00ad ing to regional and cross\u00adborder issues should be taken into account in planning for DDR: \\n DDR programmes should be open to all persons who have taken part in the con\u00ad flict, including foreigners and nationals who have crossed international borders. Extensive sensitization is needed both in countries of origin and host countries to ensure that all persons entitled to par\u00ad ticipate in DDR programmes are aware of their right to do so; DDR programmes should be open to all persons who have taken part in the conflict, including foreigners and nationals who have crossed international borders. \\n close coordination and links among all DDR programmes in a region are essential. There should be regular coordination meetings on DDR issues \u2014 including, in particular, regional aspects \u2014 among UN missions, national commissions on DDR or competent government agencies, and other relevant agencies; \\n to avoid disruptive consequences, including illicit cross\u00adborder movements and traffick\u00ad ing of weapons, standards in DDR programmes within a region should be harmonized as much as possible. While DDR programmes may be implemented within a regional framework, such programmes must nevertheless take into full consideration the poli\u00ad tical, social and economic contexts of the different countries in which they are to be implemented; \\n in order to have accurate information on foreign combatants who have been involved in a conflict, DDR registration forms should contain a specific question on the national\u00ad ity of the combatant.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1292, "Sentence":"\\n close coordination and links among all DDR programmes in a region are essential.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n close coordination link among ddr programme region essential ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.1. Regional dimensions to be taken into account in setting up DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Since lasting peace and stability in a region depend on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, the following principles relat\u00ad ing to regional and cross\u00adborder issues should be taken into account in planning for DDR: \\n DDR programmes should be open to all persons who have taken part in the con\u00ad flict, including foreigners and nationals who have crossed international borders. Extensive sensitization is needed both in countries of origin and host countries to ensure that all persons entitled to par\u00ad ticipate in DDR programmes are aware of their right to do so; DDR programmes should be open to all persons who have taken part in the conflict, including foreigners and nationals who have crossed international borders. \\n close coordination and links among all DDR programmes in a region are essential. There should be regular coordination meetings on DDR issues \u2014 including, in particular, regional aspects \u2014 among UN missions, national commissions on DDR or competent government agencies, and other relevant agencies; \\n to avoid disruptive consequences, including illicit cross\u00adborder movements and traffick\u00ad ing of weapons, standards in DDR programmes within a region should be harmonized as much as possible. While DDR programmes may be implemented within a regional framework, such programmes must nevertheless take into full consideration the poli\u00ad tical, social and economic contexts of the different countries in which they are to be implemented; \\n in order to have accurate information on foreign combatants who have been involved in a conflict, DDR registration forms should contain a specific question on the national\u00ad ity of the combatant.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1292, "Sentence":"There should be regular coordination meetings on DDR issues \u2014 including, in particular, regional aspects \u2014 among UN missions, national commissions on DDR or competent government agencies, and other relevant agencies; \\n to avoid disruptive consequences, including illicit cross\u00adborder movements and traffick\u00ad ing of weapons, standards in DDR programmes within a region should be harmonized as much as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements regular coordination meeting ddr issue \u2014 including particular regional aspect \u2014 among un mission national commission ddr competent government agency relevant agency n avoid disruptive consequence including illicit cross\u00adborder movement traffick\u00ad ing weapon standard ddr programme within region harmonized much possible ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.1. Regional dimensions to be taken into account in setting up DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Since lasting peace and stability in a region depend on the ability of DDR programmes to attract the maximum possible number of former combatants, the following principles relat\u00ad ing to regional and cross\u00adborder issues should be taken into account in planning for DDR: \\n DDR programmes should be open to all persons who have taken part in the con\u00ad flict, including foreigners and nationals who have crossed international borders. Extensive sensitization is needed both in countries of origin and host countries to ensure that all persons entitled to par\u00ad ticipate in DDR programmes are aware of their right to do so; DDR programmes should be open to all persons who have taken part in the conflict, including foreigners and nationals who have crossed international borders. \\n close coordination and links among all DDR programmes in a region are essential. There should be regular coordination meetings on DDR issues \u2014 including, in particular, regional aspects \u2014 among UN missions, national commissions on DDR or competent government agencies, and other relevant agencies; \\n to avoid disruptive consequences, including illicit cross\u00adborder movements and traffick\u00ad ing of weapons, standards in DDR programmes within a region should be harmonized as much as possible. While DDR programmes may be implemented within a regional framework, such programmes must nevertheless take into full consideration the poli\u00ad tical, social and economic contexts of the different countries in which they are to be implemented; \\n in order to have accurate information on foreign combatants who have been involved in a conflict, DDR registration forms should contain a specific question on the national\u00ad ity of the combatant.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1292, "Sentence":"While DDR programmes may be implemented within a regional framework, such programmes must nevertheless take into full consideration the poli\u00ad tical, social and economic contexts of the different countries in which they are to be implemented; \\n in order to have accurate information on foreign combatants who have been involved in a conflict, DDR registration forms should contain a specific question on the national\u00ad ity of the combatant.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements ddr programme may implemented within regional framework programme must nevertheless take full consideration poli\u00ad tical social economic context different country implemented n order accurate information foreign combatant involved conflict ddr registration form contain specific question national\u00ad ity combatant ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.2. Repatriation agreements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"As part of regional DDR processes, agreements should be concluded between countries of origin and host countries to allow both the repatriation and the incorporation into DDR programmes of combatants who have crossed international borders. UN peacekeeping missions and regional organizations have a key role to play in carrying out such agreements, particularly in view of the sensitivity of issues concerning foreign combatants.Agreements should contain guarantees for the repatriation in safety and dignity of former combatants, bearing in mind, however, that States have the right to try individuals for criminal offences not covered by amnesties. In the spirit of post\u00adwar reconciliation, guarantees may include an amnesty for desertion or an undertaking that no action will be taken in the case of former combatants from the government forces who laid down their arms upon entry into the host country. Protection from prosecution as mercenaries may also be necessary. However, there shall be no amnesty for breaches of international humanitarian law during the conflict.Agreements should also provide a basis for resolving nationality issues, including meth\u00ad ods of finding out the nationality those involved, deciding on the country in which former combatants will participate in a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. Family members\u2019 nationalities may have to be taken into account when making long\u00adterm plans for particular families, such as in cases where spouses and children are of different nationalities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1293, "Sentence":"As part of regional DDR processes, agreements should be concluded between countries of origin and host countries to allow both the repatriation and the incorporation into DDR programmes of combatants who have crossed international borders.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements part regional ddr process agreement concluded country origin host country allow repatriation incorporation ddr programme combatant crossed international border ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.2. Repatriation agreements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"As part of regional DDR processes, agreements should be concluded between countries of origin and host countries to allow both the repatriation and the incorporation into DDR programmes of combatants who have crossed international borders. UN peacekeeping missions and regional organizations have a key role to play in carrying out such agreements, particularly in view of the sensitivity of issues concerning foreign combatants.Agreements should contain guarantees for the repatriation in safety and dignity of former combatants, bearing in mind, however, that States have the right to try individuals for criminal offences not covered by amnesties. In the spirit of post\u00adwar reconciliation, guarantees may include an amnesty for desertion or an undertaking that no action will be taken in the case of former combatants from the government forces who laid down their arms upon entry into the host country. Protection from prosecution as mercenaries may also be necessary. However, there shall be no amnesty for breaches of international humanitarian law during the conflict.Agreements should also provide a basis for resolving nationality issues, including meth\u00ad ods of finding out the nationality those involved, deciding on the country in which former combatants will participate in a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. Family members\u2019 nationalities may have to be taken into account when making long\u00adterm plans for particular families, such as in cases where spouses and children are of different nationalities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1293, "Sentence":"UN peacekeeping missions and regional organizations have a key role to play in carrying out such agreements, particularly in view of the sensitivity of issues concerning foreign combatants.Agreements should contain guarantees for the repatriation in safety and dignity of former combatants, bearing in mind, however, that States have the right to try individuals for criminal offences not covered by amnesties.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements un peacekeeping mission regional organization key role play carrying agreement particularly view sensitivity issue concerning foreign combatants.agreements contain guarantee repatriation safety dignity former combatant bearing mind however state right try individual criminal offence covered amnesty ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.2. Repatriation agreements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"As part of regional DDR processes, agreements should be concluded between countries of origin and host countries to allow both the repatriation and the incorporation into DDR programmes of combatants who have crossed international borders. UN peacekeeping missions and regional organizations have a key role to play in carrying out such agreements, particularly in view of the sensitivity of issues concerning foreign combatants.Agreements should contain guarantees for the repatriation in safety and dignity of former combatants, bearing in mind, however, that States have the right to try individuals for criminal offences not covered by amnesties. In the spirit of post\u00adwar reconciliation, guarantees may include an amnesty for desertion or an undertaking that no action will be taken in the case of former combatants from the government forces who laid down their arms upon entry into the host country. Protection from prosecution as mercenaries may also be necessary. However, there shall be no amnesty for breaches of international humanitarian law during the conflict.Agreements should also provide a basis for resolving nationality issues, including meth\u00ad ods of finding out the nationality those involved, deciding on the country in which former combatants will participate in a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. Family members\u2019 nationalities may have to be taken into account when making long\u00adterm plans for particular families, such as in cases where spouses and children are of different nationalities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1293, "Sentence":"In the spirit of post\u00adwar reconciliation, guarantees may include an amnesty for desertion or an undertaking that no action will be taken in the case of former combatants from the government forces who laid down their arms upon entry into the host country.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements spirit post\u00adwar reconciliation guarantee may include amnesty desertion undertaking action taken case former combatant government force laid arm upon entry host country ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.2. Repatriation agreements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"As part of regional DDR processes, agreements should be concluded between countries of origin and host countries to allow both the repatriation and the incorporation into DDR programmes of combatants who have crossed international borders. UN peacekeeping missions and regional organizations have a key role to play in carrying out such agreements, particularly in view of the sensitivity of issues concerning foreign combatants.Agreements should contain guarantees for the repatriation in safety and dignity of former combatants, bearing in mind, however, that States have the right to try individuals for criminal offences not covered by amnesties. In the spirit of post\u00adwar reconciliation, guarantees may include an amnesty for desertion or an undertaking that no action will be taken in the case of former combatants from the government forces who laid down their arms upon entry into the host country. Protection from prosecution as mercenaries may also be necessary. However, there shall be no amnesty for breaches of international humanitarian law during the conflict.Agreements should also provide a basis for resolving nationality issues, including meth\u00ad ods of finding out the nationality those involved, deciding on the country in which former combatants will participate in a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. Family members\u2019 nationalities may have to be taken into account when making long\u00adterm plans for particular families, such as in cases where spouses and children are of different nationalities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1293, "Sentence":"Protection from prosecution as mercenaries may also be necessary.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements protection prosecution mercenary may also necessary ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.2. Repatriation agreements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"As part of regional DDR processes, agreements should be concluded between countries of origin and host countries to allow both the repatriation and the incorporation into DDR programmes of combatants who have crossed international borders. UN peacekeeping missions and regional organizations have a key role to play in carrying out such agreements, particularly in view of the sensitivity of issues concerning foreign combatants.Agreements should contain guarantees for the repatriation in safety and dignity of former combatants, bearing in mind, however, that States have the right to try individuals for criminal offences not covered by amnesties. In the spirit of post\u00adwar reconciliation, guarantees may include an amnesty for desertion or an undertaking that no action will be taken in the case of former combatants from the government forces who laid down their arms upon entry into the host country. Protection from prosecution as mercenaries may also be necessary. However, there shall be no amnesty for breaches of international humanitarian law during the conflict.Agreements should also provide a basis for resolving nationality issues, including meth\u00ad ods of finding out the nationality those involved, deciding on the country in which former combatants will participate in a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. Family members\u2019 nationalities may have to be taken into account when making long\u00adterm plans for particular families, such as in cases where spouses and children are of different nationalities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1293, "Sentence":"However, there shall be no amnesty for breaches of international humanitarian law during the conflict.Agreements should also provide a basis for resolving nationality issues, including meth\u00ad ods of finding out the nationality those involved, deciding on the country in which former combatants will participate in a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements however shall amnesty breach international humanitarian law conflict.agreements also provide basis resolving nationality issue including meth\u00ad od finding nationality involved deciding country former combatant participate ddr programme country eventual destination ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.2. Repatriation agreements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"As part of regional DDR processes, agreements should be concluded between countries of origin and host countries to allow both the repatriation and the incorporation into DDR programmes of combatants who have crossed international borders. UN peacekeeping missions and regional organizations have a key role to play in carrying out such agreements, particularly in view of the sensitivity of issues concerning foreign combatants.Agreements should contain guarantees for the repatriation in safety and dignity of former combatants, bearing in mind, however, that States have the right to try individuals for criminal offences not covered by amnesties. In the spirit of post\u00adwar reconciliation, guarantees may include an amnesty for desertion or an undertaking that no action will be taken in the case of former combatants from the government forces who laid down their arms upon entry into the host country. Protection from prosecution as mercenaries may also be necessary. However, there shall be no amnesty for breaches of international humanitarian law during the conflict.Agreements should also provide a basis for resolving nationality issues, including meth\u00ad ods of finding out the nationality those involved, deciding on the country in which former combatants will participate in a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. Family members\u2019 nationalities may have to be taken into account when making long\u00adterm plans for particular families, such as in cases where spouses and children are of different nationalities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1293, "Sentence":"Family members\u2019 nationalities may have to be taken into account when making long\u00adterm plans for particular families, such as in cases where spouses and children are of different nationalities.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements family member \u2019 nationality may taken account making long\u00adterm plan particular family case spouse child different nationality ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.3. Information and sensitization campaigns", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"UN missions, with the support of agencies such as UNDP, UNICEF and UNHCR, should lead extensive information campaigns in host countries to ensure that foreign combatants are provided with essential information on how to present themselves for DDR programmes. The information should enable them to make free and informed decisions about their repa\u00ad triation and reintegration prospects. It is important to ensure that refugee family members in camps and settlements in the host country also receive relevant information.UN missions should help arrange voluntary contacts between government officials and foreign combatants. This will assist in encouraging voluntary repatriation and planning for the inclusion of such combatants in DDR programmes in their country of origin. However, foreign combatants who do not want to meet with government officials of their country of origin should not be forced to do so.The government of the country of origin, together with the UN mission and relevant agencies, should sensitize receiving communities in areas to which former combatants will be repatriating, in order to encourage reintegration and reconciliation. Receiving com\u00ad munities may plan traditional ceremonies for healing, forgiveness and reconciliation, and these should be encouraged, provided they do not violate human rights standards.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1294, "Sentence":"UN missions, with the support of agencies such as UNDP, UNICEF and UNHCR, should lead extensive information campaigns in host countries to ensure that foreign combatants are provided with essential information on how to present themselves for DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements un mission support agency undp unicef unhcr lead extensive information campaign host country ensure foreign combatant provided essential information present ddr programme ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.3. Information and sensitization campaigns", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"UN missions, with the support of agencies such as UNDP, UNICEF and UNHCR, should lead extensive information campaigns in host countries to ensure that foreign combatants are provided with essential information on how to present themselves for DDR programmes. The information should enable them to make free and informed decisions about their repa\u00ad triation and reintegration prospects. It is important to ensure that refugee family members in camps and settlements in the host country also receive relevant information.UN missions should help arrange voluntary contacts between government officials and foreign combatants. This will assist in encouraging voluntary repatriation and planning for the inclusion of such combatants in DDR programmes in their country of origin. However, foreign combatants who do not want to meet with government officials of their country of origin should not be forced to do so.The government of the country of origin, together with the UN mission and relevant agencies, should sensitize receiving communities in areas to which former combatants will be repatriating, in order to encourage reintegration and reconciliation. Receiving com\u00ad munities may plan traditional ceremonies for healing, forgiveness and reconciliation, and these should be encouraged, provided they do not violate human rights standards.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1294, "Sentence":"The information should enable them to make free and informed decisions about their repa\u00ad triation and reintegration prospects.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements information enable make free informed decision repa\u00ad triation reintegration prospect ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.3. Information and sensitization campaigns", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"UN missions, with the support of agencies such as UNDP, UNICEF and UNHCR, should lead extensive information campaigns in host countries to ensure that foreign combatants are provided with essential information on how to present themselves for DDR programmes. The information should enable them to make free and informed decisions about their repa\u00ad triation and reintegration prospects. It is important to ensure that refugee family members in camps and settlements in the host country also receive relevant information.UN missions should help arrange voluntary contacts between government officials and foreign combatants. This will assist in encouraging voluntary repatriation and planning for the inclusion of such combatants in DDR programmes in their country of origin. However, foreign combatants who do not want to meet with government officials of their country of origin should not be forced to do so.The government of the country of origin, together with the UN mission and relevant agencies, should sensitize receiving communities in areas to which former combatants will be repatriating, in order to encourage reintegration and reconciliation. Receiving com\u00ad munities may plan traditional ceremonies for healing, forgiveness and reconciliation, and these should be encouraged, provided they do not violate human rights standards.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1294, "Sentence":"It is important to ensure that refugee family members in camps and settlements in the host country also receive relevant information.UN missions should help arrange voluntary contacts between government officials and foreign combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements important ensure refugee family member camp settlement host country also receive relevant information.un mission help arrange voluntary contact government official foreign combatant ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.3. Information and sensitization campaigns", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"UN missions, with the support of agencies such as UNDP, UNICEF and UNHCR, should lead extensive information campaigns in host countries to ensure that foreign combatants are provided with essential information on how to present themselves for DDR programmes. The information should enable them to make free and informed decisions about their repa\u00ad triation and reintegration prospects. It is important to ensure that refugee family members in camps and settlements in the host country also receive relevant information.UN missions should help arrange voluntary contacts between government officials and foreign combatants. This will assist in encouraging voluntary repatriation and planning for the inclusion of such combatants in DDR programmes in their country of origin. However, foreign combatants who do not want to meet with government officials of their country of origin should not be forced to do so.The government of the country of origin, together with the UN mission and relevant agencies, should sensitize receiving communities in areas to which former combatants will be repatriating, in order to encourage reintegration and reconciliation. Receiving com\u00ad munities may plan traditional ceremonies for healing, forgiveness and reconciliation, and these should be encouraged, provided they do not violate human rights standards.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1294, "Sentence":"This will assist in encouraging voluntary repatriation and planning for the inclusion of such combatants in DDR programmes in their country of origin.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements assist encouraging voluntary repatriation planning inclusion combatant ddr programme country origin ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.3. Information and sensitization campaigns", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"UN missions, with the support of agencies such as UNDP, UNICEF and UNHCR, should lead extensive information campaigns in host countries to ensure that foreign combatants are provided with essential information on how to present themselves for DDR programmes. The information should enable them to make free and informed decisions about their repa\u00ad triation and reintegration prospects. It is important to ensure that refugee family members in camps and settlements in the host country also receive relevant information.UN missions should help arrange voluntary contacts between government officials and foreign combatants. This will assist in encouraging voluntary repatriation and planning for the inclusion of such combatants in DDR programmes in their country of origin. However, foreign combatants who do not want to meet with government officials of their country of origin should not be forced to do so.The government of the country of origin, together with the UN mission and relevant agencies, should sensitize receiving communities in areas to which former combatants will be repatriating, in order to encourage reintegration and reconciliation. Receiving com\u00ad munities may plan traditional ceremonies for healing, forgiveness and reconciliation, and these should be encouraged, provided they do not violate human rights standards.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1294, "Sentence":"However, foreign combatants who do not want to meet with government officials of their country of origin should not be forced to do so.The government of the country of origin, together with the UN mission and relevant agencies, should sensitize receiving communities in areas to which former combatants will be repatriating, in order to encourage reintegration and reconciliation.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements however foreign combatant want meet government official country origin forced so.the government country origin together un mission relevant agency sensitize receiving community area former combatant repatriating order encourage reintegration reconciliation ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.3. Information and sensitization campaigns", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"UN missions, with the support of agencies such as UNDP, UNICEF and UNHCR, should lead extensive information campaigns in host countries to ensure that foreign combatants are provided with essential information on how to present themselves for DDR programmes. The information should enable them to make free and informed decisions about their repa\u00ad triation and reintegration prospects. It is important to ensure that refugee family members in camps and settlements in the host country also receive relevant information.UN missions should help arrange voluntary contacts between government officials and foreign combatants. This will assist in encouraging voluntary repatriation and planning for the inclusion of such combatants in DDR programmes in their country of origin. However, foreign combatants who do not want to meet with government officials of their country of origin should not be forced to do so.The government of the country of origin, together with the UN mission and relevant agencies, should sensitize receiving communities in areas to which former combatants will be repatriating, in order to encourage reintegration and reconciliation. Receiving com\u00ad munities may plan traditional ceremonies for healing, forgiveness and reconciliation, and these should be encouraged, provided they do not violate human rights standards.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1294, "Sentence":"Receiving com\u00ad munities may plan traditional ceremonies for healing, forgiveness and reconciliation, and these should be encouraged, provided they do not violate human rights standards.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements receiving com\u00ad munities may plan traditional ceremony healing forgiveness reconciliation encouraged provided violate human right standard ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.4. Identification of foreign combatants and disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Apart from combatants who are confined in internment camps, there are likely to be other former or active combatants living in communities in host countries. Therefore, national security authorities in host countries, in collaboration with UN missions, should identify sites in the host country where combatants can present themselves for voluntary repatria\u00ad tion and incorporation in DDR programmes. In all locations, UNICEF, in collaboration with child protection NGOs, should verify each child\u2019s age and status as a child soldier. In the event that female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups are identified, their situation should be brought to the attention of the lead agency for women in the DDR process. Where combatants are in possession of armaments, they should be immediately disarmed by security forces in collaboration with the UN mission in the host country.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1295, "Sentence":"Apart from combatants who are confined in internment camps, there are likely to be other former or active combatants living in communities in host countries.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements apart combatant confined internment camp likely former active combatant living community host country ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.4. Identification of foreign combatants and disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Apart from combatants who are confined in internment camps, there are likely to be other former or active combatants living in communities in host countries. Therefore, national security authorities in host countries, in collaboration with UN missions, should identify sites in the host country where combatants can present themselves for voluntary repatria\u00ad tion and incorporation in DDR programmes. In all locations, UNICEF, in collaboration with child protection NGOs, should verify each child\u2019s age and status as a child soldier. In the event that female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups are identified, their situation should be brought to the attention of the lead agency for women in the DDR process. Where combatants are in possession of armaments, they should be immediately disarmed by security forces in collaboration with the UN mission in the host country.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1295, "Sentence":"Therefore, national security authorities in host countries, in collaboration with UN missions, should identify sites in the host country where combatants can present themselves for voluntary repatria\u00ad tion and incorporation in DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements therefore national security authority host country collaboration un mission identify site host country combatant present voluntary repatria\u00ad tion incorporation ddr programme ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.4. Identification of foreign combatants and disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Apart from combatants who are confined in internment camps, there are likely to be other former or active combatants living in communities in host countries. Therefore, national security authorities in host countries, in collaboration with UN missions, should identify sites in the host country where combatants can present themselves for voluntary repatria\u00ad tion and incorporation in DDR programmes. In all locations, UNICEF, in collaboration with child protection NGOs, should verify each child\u2019s age and status as a child soldier. In the event that female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups are identified, their situation should be brought to the attention of the lead agency for women in the DDR process. Where combatants are in possession of armaments, they should be immediately disarmed by security forces in collaboration with the UN mission in the host country.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1295, "Sentence":"In all locations, UNICEF, in collaboration with child protection NGOs, should verify each child\u2019s age and status as a child soldier.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements location unicef collaboration child protection ngo verify child \u2019 age status child soldier ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.4. Identification of foreign combatants and disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Apart from combatants who are confined in internment camps, there are likely to be other former or active combatants living in communities in host countries. Therefore, national security authorities in host countries, in collaboration with UN missions, should identify sites in the host country where combatants can present themselves for voluntary repatria\u00ad tion and incorporation in DDR programmes. In all locations, UNICEF, in collaboration with child protection NGOs, should verify each child\u2019s age and status as a child soldier. In the event that female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups are identified, their situation should be brought to the attention of the lead agency for women in the DDR process. Where combatants are in possession of armaments, they should be immediately disarmed by security forces in collaboration with the UN mission in the host country.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1295, "Sentence":"In the event that female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups are identified, their situation should be brought to the attention of the lead agency for women in the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements event female combatant woman associated armed force group identified situation brought attention lead agency woman ddr process ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.4. Identification of foreign combatants and disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Apart from combatants who are confined in internment camps, there are likely to be other former or active combatants living in communities in host countries. Therefore, national security authorities in host countries, in collaboration with UN missions, should identify sites in the host country where combatants can present themselves for voluntary repatria\u00ad tion and incorporation in DDR programmes. In all locations, UNICEF, in collaboration with child protection NGOs, should verify each child\u2019s age and status as a child soldier. In the event that female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups are identified, their situation should be brought to the attention of the lead agency for women in the DDR process. Where combatants are in possession of armaments, they should be immediately disarmed by security forces in collaboration with the UN mission in the host country.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1295, "Sentence":"Where combatants are in possession of armaments, they should be immediately disarmed by security forces in collaboration with the UN mission in the host country.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements combatant possession armament immediately disarmed security force collaboration un mission host country ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.5. Voluntary repatriation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"In keeping with the principle that \u201ceveryone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution\u201d,13 repatriation should be voluntary. However, where an application for refugee status has been rejected according to fair procedures and the individual has been assessed as not being in need of international protection, he\/she may be returned to the country of origin even against his\/her will (see section 10.6). The fact that repatriation is voluntary could be verified by UN missions in the case of adult combatants, and by UNICEF and child protection agencies in the case of children associated with armed forces and groups. Where children associated with armed forces and groups are living in refugee camps, the fact that repatriation is voluntary shall be verified by UNHCR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1296, "Sentence":"In keeping with the principle that \u201ceveryone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution\u201d,13 repatriation should be voluntary.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements keeping principle \u201c everyone right seek enjoy country asylum persecution \u201d 13 repatriation voluntary ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.5. Voluntary repatriation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"In keeping with the principle that \u201ceveryone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution\u201d,13 repatriation should be voluntary. However, where an application for refugee status has been rejected according to fair procedures and the individual has been assessed as not being in need of international protection, he\/she may be returned to the country of origin even against his\/her will (see section 10.6). The fact that repatriation is voluntary could be verified by UN missions in the case of adult combatants, and by UNICEF and child protection agencies in the case of children associated with armed forces and groups. Where children associated with armed forces and groups are living in refugee camps, the fact that repatriation is voluntary shall be verified by UNHCR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1296, "Sentence":"However, where an application for refugee status has been rejected according to fair procedures and the individual has been assessed as not being in need of international protection, he\/she may be returned to the country of origin even against his\/her will (see section 10.6).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements however application refugee status rejected according fair procedure individual assessed need international protection he\/she may returned country origin even his\/her see section 10.6 ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.5. Voluntary repatriation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"In keeping with the principle that \u201ceveryone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution\u201d,13 repatriation should be voluntary. However, where an application for refugee status has been rejected according to fair procedures and the individual has been assessed as not being in need of international protection, he\/she may be returned to the country of origin even against his\/her will (see section 10.6). The fact that repatriation is voluntary could be verified by UN missions in the case of adult combatants, and by UNICEF and child protection agencies in the case of children associated with armed forces and groups. Where children associated with armed forces and groups are living in refugee camps, the fact that repatriation is voluntary shall be verified by UNHCR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1296, "Sentence":"The fact that repatriation is voluntary could be verified by UN missions in the case of adult combatants, and by UNICEF and child protection agencies in the case of children associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements fact repatriation voluntary could verified un mission case adult combatant unicef child protection agency case child associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.5. Voluntary repatriation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"In keeping with the principle that \u201ceveryone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution\u201d,13 repatriation should be voluntary. However, where an application for refugee status has been rejected according to fair procedures and the individual has been assessed as not being in need of international protection, he\/she may be returned to the country of origin even against his\/her will (see section 10.6). The fact that repatriation is voluntary could be verified by UN missions in the case of adult combatants, and by UNICEF and child protection agencies in the case of children associated with armed forces and groups. Where children associated with armed forces and groups are living in refugee camps, the fact that repatriation is voluntary shall be verified by UNHCR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1296, "Sentence":"Where children associated with armed forces and groups are living in refugee camps, the fact that repatriation is voluntary shall be verified by UNHCR.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements child associated armed force group living refugee camp fact repatriation voluntary shall verified unhcr ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.6. Maintaining family unity during repatriation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Every effort should be made to ensure that family unity is preserved in repatriation move\u00ad ments. UN missions should support the governments of the host country and country of origin by assisting with transportation. Where combatants have family members or other dependants in refugee camps, there should be close consultation with UNHCR so that the voluntary repatriation of family members can be coordinated and carried out according to the wishes of the family members and with full respect for their safety and dignity. In cases where it is not possible to repatriate combatants and family members\/dependants as family units, mechanisms to reunite the family upon return should be established.Spouses and children who are not citizens of the country to which they are travelling should be allowed by the government concerned to enter and live in that country with an appropriate legal status. This applies equally to spouses and children of \u2018traditional mar\u00ad riages\u2019 and legally recognized marriages.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1297, "Sentence":"Every effort should be made to ensure that family unity is preserved in repatriation move\u00ad ments.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements every effort made ensure family unity preserved repatriation move\u00ad ments ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.6. Maintaining family unity during repatriation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Every effort should be made to ensure that family unity is preserved in repatriation move\u00ad ments. UN missions should support the governments of the host country and country of origin by assisting with transportation. Where combatants have family members or other dependants in refugee camps, there should be close consultation with UNHCR so that the voluntary repatriation of family members can be coordinated and carried out according to the wishes of the family members and with full respect for their safety and dignity. In cases where it is not possible to repatriate combatants and family members\/dependants as family units, mechanisms to reunite the family upon return should be established.Spouses and children who are not citizens of the country to which they are travelling should be allowed by the government concerned to enter and live in that country with an appropriate legal status. This applies equally to spouses and children of \u2018traditional mar\u00ad riages\u2019 and legally recognized marriages.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1297, "Sentence":"UN missions should support the governments of the host country and country of origin by assisting with transportation.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements un mission support government host country country origin assisting transportation ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.6. Maintaining family unity during repatriation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Every effort should be made to ensure that family unity is preserved in repatriation move\u00ad ments. UN missions should support the governments of the host country and country of origin by assisting with transportation. Where combatants have family members or other dependants in refugee camps, there should be close consultation with UNHCR so that the voluntary repatriation of family members can be coordinated and carried out according to the wishes of the family members and with full respect for their safety and dignity. In cases where it is not possible to repatriate combatants and family members\/dependants as family units, mechanisms to reunite the family upon return should be established.Spouses and children who are not citizens of the country to which they are travelling should be allowed by the government concerned to enter and live in that country with an appropriate legal status. This applies equally to spouses and children of \u2018traditional mar\u00ad riages\u2019 and legally recognized marriages.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1297, "Sentence":"Where combatants have family members or other dependants in refugee camps, there should be close consultation with UNHCR so that the voluntary repatriation of family members can be coordinated and carried out according to the wishes of the family members and with full respect for their safety and dignity.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements combatant family member dependant refugee camp close consultation unhcr voluntary repatriation family member coordinated carried according wish family member full respect safety dignity ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.6. Maintaining family unity during repatriation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Every effort should be made to ensure that family unity is preserved in repatriation move\u00ad ments. UN missions should support the governments of the host country and country of origin by assisting with transportation. Where combatants have family members or other dependants in refugee camps, there should be close consultation with UNHCR so that the voluntary repatriation of family members can be coordinated and carried out according to the wishes of the family members and with full respect for their safety and dignity. In cases where it is not possible to repatriate combatants and family members\/dependants as family units, mechanisms to reunite the family upon return should be established.Spouses and children who are not citizens of the country to which they are travelling should be allowed by the government concerned to enter and live in that country with an appropriate legal status. This applies equally to spouses and children of \u2018traditional mar\u00ad riages\u2019 and legally recognized marriages.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1297, "Sentence":"In cases where it is not possible to repatriate combatants and family members\/dependants as family units, mechanisms to reunite the family upon return should be established.Spouses and children who are not citizens of the country to which they are travelling should be allowed by the government concerned to enter and live in that country with an appropriate legal status.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements case possible repatriate combatant family members\/dependants family unit mechanism reunite family upon return established.spouses child citizen country travelling allowed government concerned enter live country appropriate legal status ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.6. Maintaining family unity during repatriation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Every effort should be made to ensure that family unity is preserved in repatriation move\u00ad ments. UN missions should support the governments of the host country and country of origin by assisting with transportation. Where combatants have family members or other dependants in refugee camps, there should be close consultation with UNHCR so that the voluntary repatriation of family members can be coordinated and carried out according to the wishes of the family members and with full respect for their safety and dignity. In cases where it is not possible to repatriate combatants and family members\/dependants as family units, mechanisms to reunite the family upon return should be established.Spouses and children who are not citizens of the country to which they are travelling should be allowed by the government concerned to enter and live in that country with an appropriate legal status. This applies equally to spouses and children of \u2018traditional mar\u00ad riages\u2019 and legally recognized marriages.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1297, "Sentence":"This applies equally to spouses and children of \u2018traditional mar\u00ad riages\u2019 and legally recognized marriages.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements applies equally spouse child \u2018 traditional mar\u00ad riages \u2019 legally recognized marriage ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.7. Repatriation movements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Governments and UN missions will be responsible for repatriation movements of foreign combatants, while UNHCR will provide transportation of family members. Depending on the local circumstances, the two repatriation operations could be merged under the overall management of one agency.The concerned governments should agree on travel documents for foreign former com\u00ad batants, e.g., DDR cards for those who have been admitted to a disarmament programme in the host country, or ICRC travel documents or host country documentation for those who have been interned.To allow the speedy repatriation of foreign former combatants and their family members, the governments involved should consider not requesting or obliging those being repatri\u00ad ated to complete official immigration, customs and health formalities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1298, "Sentence":"Governments and UN missions will be responsible for repatriation movements of foreign combatants, while UNHCR will provide transportation of family members.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements government un mission responsible repatriation movement foreign combatant unhcr provide transportation family member ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.7. Repatriation movements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Governments and UN missions will be responsible for repatriation movements of foreign combatants, while UNHCR will provide transportation of family members. Depending on the local circumstances, the two repatriation operations could be merged under the overall management of one agency.The concerned governments should agree on travel documents for foreign former com\u00ad batants, e.g., DDR cards for those who have been admitted to a disarmament programme in the host country, or ICRC travel documents or host country documentation for those who have been interned.To allow the speedy repatriation of foreign former combatants and their family members, the governments involved should consider not requesting or obliging those being repatri\u00ad ated to complete official immigration, customs and health formalities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1298, "Sentence":"Depending on the local circumstances, the two repatriation operations could be merged under the overall management of one agency.The concerned governments should agree on travel documents for foreign former com\u00ad batants, e.g., DDR cards for those who have been admitted to a disarmament programme in the host country, or ICRC travel documents or host country documentation for those who have been interned.To allow the speedy repatriation of foreign former combatants and their family members, the governments involved should consider not requesting or obliging those being repatri\u00ad ated to complete official immigration, customs and health formalities.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements depending local circumstance two repatriation operation could merged overall management one agency.the concerned government agree travel document foreign former com\u00ad batants e.g . ddr card admitted disarmament programme host country icrc travel document host country documentation interned.to allow speedy repatriation foreign former combatant family member government involved consider requesting obliging repatri\u00ad ated complete official immigration custom health formality ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.8. Factors affecting foreign children associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Particular care should be taken with regard to whether, and how, to include foreign children associated with armed forces and groups in DDR programmes in the country of origin, especially if they have been living in refugee camps and communities. Since they are already living in a civilian environment, they will benefit most from DDR rehabilitation and rein\u00ad tegration processes. Their level of integration in refugee camps and communities is likely to be different. Some children may be fully integrated as refugees, and it may no longer be in their best interests to be considered as children associated with armed forces and groups in need of DDR assistance upon their return to the country of origin. Other children may not yet have made the transition to a civilian status, even if they have been living in a civilian environment, and it may be in their best interests to participate in a DDR programme. In all cases, stigmatization should be avoided.It is recommended that foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be individually assessed by UNHCR, UNICEF and\/or child protection partner NGOs to plan for the child\u2019s needs upon repatriation, including possible inclusion in an appropriate DDR programme. Factors to consider should include: the nature of the child\u2019s association with armed forces or groups; the circumstances of arrival in the asylum country; the stability of present care arrangements; the levels of integration into camp\/community\u00adbased civilian activities; and the status of family\u00adtracing efforts. All decisions should involve the partici\u00ad pation of the child and reflect his\/her best interests. It is recommended that assessments should be carried out in the country of asylum, where the child should already be well known to, and should have a relationship of trust with, relevant agencies in the refugee camp or settlement. The assessment can then be given to relevant agencies in the country of origin when planning the voluntary repatriation of the child, and decisions can be made about whether and how to include the child in a DDR programme. If it is recommended that a child should be included in a DDR programme, he\/she should receive counselling and full information about the programme (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1299, "Sentence":"Particular care should be taken with regard to whether, and how, to include foreign children associated with armed forces and groups in DDR programmes in the country of origin, especially if they have been living in refugee camps and communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements particular care taken regard whether include foreign child associated armed force group ddr programme country origin especially living refugee camp community ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.8. Factors affecting foreign children associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Particular care should be taken with regard to whether, and how, to include foreign children associated with armed forces and groups in DDR programmes in the country of origin, especially if they have been living in refugee camps and communities. Since they are already living in a civilian environment, they will benefit most from DDR rehabilitation and rein\u00ad tegration processes. Their level of integration in refugee camps and communities is likely to be different. Some children may be fully integrated as refugees, and it may no longer be in their best interests to be considered as children associated with armed forces and groups in need of DDR assistance upon their return to the country of origin. Other children may not yet have made the transition to a civilian status, even if they have been living in a civilian environment, and it may be in their best interests to participate in a DDR programme. In all cases, stigmatization should be avoided.It is recommended that foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be individually assessed by UNHCR, UNICEF and\/or child protection partner NGOs to plan for the child\u2019s needs upon repatriation, including possible inclusion in an appropriate DDR programme. Factors to consider should include: the nature of the child\u2019s association with armed forces or groups; the circumstances of arrival in the asylum country; the stability of present care arrangements; the levels of integration into camp\/community\u00adbased civilian activities; and the status of family\u00adtracing efforts. All decisions should involve the partici\u00ad pation of the child and reflect his\/her best interests. It is recommended that assessments should be carried out in the country of asylum, where the child should already be well known to, and should have a relationship of trust with, relevant agencies in the refugee camp or settlement. The assessment can then be given to relevant agencies in the country of origin when planning the voluntary repatriation of the child, and decisions can be made about whether and how to include the child in a DDR programme. If it is recommended that a child should be included in a DDR programme, he\/she should receive counselling and full information about the programme (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1299, "Sentence":"Since they are already living in a civilian environment, they will benefit most from DDR rehabilitation and rein\u00ad tegration processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements since already living civilian environment benefit ddr rehabilitation rein\u00ad tegration process ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.8. Factors affecting foreign children associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Particular care should be taken with regard to whether, and how, to include foreign children associated with armed forces and groups in DDR programmes in the country of origin, especially if they have been living in refugee camps and communities. Since they are already living in a civilian environment, they will benefit most from DDR rehabilitation and rein\u00ad tegration processes. Their level of integration in refugee camps and communities is likely to be different. Some children may be fully integrated as refugees, and it may no longer be in their best interests to be considered as children associated with armed forces and groups in need of DDR assistance upon their return to the country of origin. Other children may not yet have made the transition to a civilian status, even if they have been living in a civilian environment, and it may be in their best interests to participate in a DDR programme. In all cases, stigmatization should be avoided.It is recommended that foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be individually assessed by UNHCR, UNICEF and\/or child protection partner NGOs to plan for the child\u2019s needs upon repatriation, including possible inclusion in an appropriate DDR programme. Factors to consider should include: the nature of the child\u2019s association with armed forces or groups; the circumstances of arrival in the asylum country; the stability of present care arrangements; the levels of integration into camp\/community\u00adbased civilian activities; and the status of family\u00adtracing efforts. All decisions should involve the partici\u00ad pation of the child and reflect his\/her best interests. It is recommended that assessments should be carried out in the country of asylum, where the child should already be well known to, and should have a relationship of trust with, relevant agencies in the refugee camp or settlement. The assessment can then be given to relevant agencies in the country of origin when planning the voluntary repatriation of the child, and decisions can be made about whether and how to include the child in a DDR programme. If it is recommended that a child should be included in a DDR programme, he\/she should receive counselling and full information about the programme (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1299, "Sentence":"Their level of integration in refugee camps and communities is likely to be different.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements level integration refugee camp community likely different ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.8. Factors affecting foreign children associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Particular care should be taken with regard to whether, and how, to include foreign children associated with armed forces and groups in DDR programmes in the country of origin, especially if they have been living in refugee camps and communities. Since they are already living in a civilian environment, they will benefit most from DDR rehabilitation and rein\u00ad tegration processes. Their level of integration in refugee camps and communities is likely to be different. Some children may be fully integrated as refugees, and it may no longer be in their best interests to be considered as children associated with armed forces and groups in need of DDR assistance upon their return to the country of origin. Other children may not yet have made the transition to a civilian status, even if they have been living in a civilian environment, and it may be in their best interests to participate in a DDR programme. In all cases, stigmatization should be avoided.It is recommended that foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be individually assessed by UNHCR, UNICEF and\/or child protection partner NGOs to plan for the child\u2019s needs upon repatriation, including possible inclusion in an appropriate DDR programme. Factors to consider should include: the nature of the child\u2019s association with armed forces or groups; the circumstances of arrival in the asylum country; the stability of present care arrangements; the levels of integration into camp\/community\u00adbased civilian activities; and the status of family\u00adtracing efforts. All decisions should involve the partici\u00ad pation of the child and reflect his\/her best interests. It is recommended that assessments should be carried out in the country of asylum, where the child should already be well known to, and should have a relationship of trust with, relevant agencies in the refugee camp or settlement. The assessment can then be given to relevant agencies in the country of origin when planning the voluntary repatriation of the child, and decisions can be made about whether and how to include the child in a DDR programme. If it is recommended that a child should be included in a DDR programme, he\/she should receive counselling and full information about the programme (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1299, "Sentence":"Some children may be fully integrated as refugees, and it may no longer be in their best interests to be considered as children associated with armed forces and groups in need of DDR assistance upon their return to the country of origin.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements child may fully integrated refugee may longer best interest considered child associated armed force group need ddr assistance upon return country origin ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.8. Factors affecting foreign children associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Particular care should be taken with regard to whether, and how, to include foreign children associated with armed forces and groups in DDR programmes in the country of origin, especially if they have been living in refugee camps and communities. Since they are already living in a civilian environment, they will benefit most from DDR rehabilitation and rein\u00ad tegration processes. Their level of integration in refugee camps and communities is likely to be different. Some children may be fully integrated as refugees, and it may no longer be in their best interests to be considered as children associated with armed forces and groups in need of DDR assistance upon their return to the country of origin. Other children may not yet have made the transition to a civilian status, even if they have been living in a civilian environment, and it may be in their best interests to participate in a DDR programme. In all cases, stigmatization should be avoided.It is recommended that foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be individually assessed by UNHCR, UNICEF and\/or child protection partner NGOs to plan for the child\u2019s needs upon repatriation, including possible inclusion in an appropriate DDR programme. Factors to consider should include: the nature of the child\u2019s association with armed forces or groups; the circumstances of arrival in the asylum country; the stability of present care arrangements; the levels of integration into camp\/community\u00adbased civilian activities; and the status of family\u00adtracing efforts. All decisions should involve the partici\u00ad pation of the child and reflect his\/her best interests. It is recommended that assessments should be carried out in the country of asylum, where the child should already be well known to, and should have a relationship of trust with, relevant agencies in the refugee camp or settlement. The assessment can then be given to relevant agencies in the country of origin when planning the voluntary repatriation of the child, and decisions can be made about whether and how to include the child in a DDR programme. If it is recommended that a child should be included in a DDR programme, he\/she should receive counselling and full information about the programme (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1299, "Sentence":"Other children may not yet have made the transition to a civilian status, even if they have been living in a civilian environment, and it may be in their best interests to participate in a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements child may yet made transition civilian status even living civilian environment may best interest participate ddr programme ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.8. Factors affecting foreign children associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Particular care should be taken with regard to whether, and how, to include foreign children associated with armed forces and groups in DDR programmes in the country of origin, especially if they have been living in refugee camps and communities. Since they are already living in a civilian environment, they will benefit most from DDR rehabilitation and rein\u00ad tegration processes. Their level of integration in refugee camps and communities is likely to be different. Some children may be fully integrated as refugees, and it may no longer be in their best interests to be considered as children associated with armed forces and groups in need of DDR assistance upon their return to the country of origin. Other children may not yet have made the transition to a civilian status, even if they have been living in a civilian environment, and it may be in their best interests to participate in a DDR programme. In all cases, stigmatization should be avoided.It is recommended that foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be individually assessed by UNHCR, UNICEF and\/or child protection partner NGOs to plan for the child\u2019s needs upon repatriation, including possible inclusion in an appropriate DDR programme. Factors to consider should include: the nature of the child\u2019s association with armed forces or groups; the circumstances of arrival in the asylum country; the stability of present care arrangements; the levels of integration into camp\/community\u00adbased civilian activities; and the status of family\u00adtracing efforts. All decisions should involve the partici\u00ad pation of the child and reflect his\/her best interests. It is recommended that assessments should be carried out in the country of asylum, where the child should already be well known to, and should have a relationship of trust with, relevant agencies in the refugee camp or settlement. The assessment can then be given to relevant agencies in the country of origin when planning the voluntary repatriation of the child, and decisions can be made about whether and how to include the child in a DDR programme. If it is recommended that a child should be included in a DDR programme, he\/she should receive counselling and full information about the programme (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1299, "Sentence":"In all cases, stigmatization should be avoided.It is recommended that foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be individually assessed by UNHCR, UNICEF and\/or child protection partner NGOs to plan for the child\u2019s needs upon repatriation, including possible inclusion in an appropriate DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements case stigmatization avoided.it recommended foreign child associated armed force group individually assessed unhcr unicef and\/or child protection partner ngo plan child \u2019 need upon repatriation including possible inclusion appropriate ddr programme ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.8. Factors affecting foreign children associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Particular care should be taken with regard to whether, and how, to include foreign children associated with armed forces and groups in DDR programmes in the country of origin, especially if they have been living in refugee camps and communities. Since they are already living in a civilian environment, they will benefit most from DDR rehabilitation and rein\u00ad tegration processes. Their level of integration in refugee camps and communities is likely to be different. Some children may be fully integrated as refugees, and it may no longer be in their best interests to be considered as children associated with armed forces and groups in need of DDR assistance upon their return to the country of origin. Other children may not yet have made the transition to a civilian status, even if they have been living in a civilian environment, and it may be in their best interests to participate in a DDR programme. In all cases, stigmatization should be avoided.It is recommended that foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be individually assessed by UNHCR, UNICEF and\/or child protection partner NGOs to plan for the child\u2019s needs upon repatriation, including possible inclusion in an appropriate DDR programme. Factors to consider should include: the nature of the child\u2019s association with armed forces or groups; the circumstances of arrival in the asylum country; the stability of present care arrangements; the levels of integration into camp\/community\u00adbased civilian activities; and the status of family\u00adtracing efforts. All decisions should involve the partici\u00ad pation of the child and reflect his\/her best interests. It is recommended that assessments should be carried out in the country of asylum, where the child should already be well known to, and should have a relationship of trust with, relevant agencies in the refugee camp or settlement. The assessment can then be given to relevant agencies in the country of origin when planning the voluntary repatriation of the child, and decisions can be made about whether and how to include the child in a DDR programme. If it is recommended that a child should be included in a DDR programme, he\/she should receive counselling and full information about the programme (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1299, "Sentence":"Factors to consider should include: the nature of the child\u2019s association with armed forces or groups; the circumstances of arrival in the asylum country; the stability of present care arrangements; the levels of integration into camp\/community\u00adbased civilian activities; and the status of family\u00adtracing efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements factor consider include nature child \u2019 association armed force group circumstance arrival asylum country stability present care arrangement level integration camp\/community\u00adbased civilian activity status family\u00adtracing effort ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.8. Factors affecting foreign children associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Particular care should be taken with regard to whether, and how, to include foreign children associated with armed forces and groups in DDR programmes in the country of origin, especially if they have been living in refugee camps and communities. Since they are already living in a civilian environment, they will benefit most from DDR rehabilitation and rein\u00ad tegration processes. Their level of integration in refugee camps and communities is likely to be different. Some children may be fully integrated as refugees, and it may no longer be in their best interests to be considered as children associated with armed forces and groups in need of DDR assistance upon their return to the country of origin. Other children may not yet have made the transition to a civilian status, even if they have been living in a civilian environment, and it may be in their best interests to participate in a DDR programme. In all cases, stigmatization should be avoided.It is recommended that foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be individually assessed by UNHCR, UNICEF and\/or child protection partner NGOs to plan for the child\u2019s needs upon repatriation, including possible inclusion in an appropriate DDR programme. Factors to consider should include: the nature of the child\u2019s association with armed forces or groups; the circumstances of arrival in the asylum country; the stability of present care arrangements; the levels of integration into camp\/community\u00adbased civilian activities; and the status of family\u00adtracing efforts. All decisions should involve the partici\u00ad pation of the child and reflect his\/her best interests. It is recommended that assessments should be carried out in the country of asylum, where the child should already be well known to, and should have a relationship of trust with, relevant agencies in the refugee camp or settlement. The assessment can then be given to relevant agencies in the country of origin when planning the voluntary repatriation of the child, and decisions can be made about whether and how to include the child in a DDR programme. If it is recommended that a child should be included in a DDR programme, he\/she should receive counselling and full information about the programme (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1299, "Sentence":"All decisions should involve the partici\u00ad pation of the child and reflect his\/her best interests.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements decision involve partici\u00ad pation child reflect his\/her best interest ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.8. Factors affecting foreign children associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Particular care should be taken with regard to whether, and how, to include foreign children associated with armed forces and groups in DDR programmes in the country of origin, especially if they have been living in refugee camps and communities. Since they are already living in a civilian environment, they will benefit most from DDR rehabilitation and rein\u00ad tegration processes. Their level of integration in refugee camps and communities is likely to be different. Some children may be fully integrated as refugees, and it may no longer be in their best interests to be considered as children associated with armed forces and groups in need of DDR assistance upon their return to the country of origin. Other children may not yet have made the transition to a civilian status, even if they have been living in a civilian environment, and it may be in their best interests to participate in a DDR programme. In all cases, stigmatization should be avoided.It is recommended that foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be individually assessed by UNHCR, UNICEF and\/or child protection partner NGOs to plan for the child\u2019s needs upon repatriation, including possible inclusion in an appropriate DDR programme. Factors to consider should include: the nature of the child\u2019s association with armed forces or groups; the circumstances of arrival in the asylum country; the stability of present care arrangements; the levels of integration into camp\/community\u00adbased civilian activities; and the status of family\u00adtracing efforts. All decisions should involve the partici\u00ad pation of the child and reflect his\/her best interests. It is recommended that assessments should be carried out in the country of asylum, where the child should already be well known to, and should have a relationship of trust with, relevant agencies in the refugee camp or settlement. The assessment can then be given to relevant agencies in the country of origin when planning the voluntary repatriation of the child, and decisions can be made about whether and how to include the child in a DDR programme. If it is recommended that a child should be included in a DDR programme, he\/she should receive counselling and full information about the programme (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1299, "Sentence":"It is recommended that assessments should be carried out in the country of asylum, where the child should already be well known to, and should have a relationship of trust with, relevant agencies in the refugee camp or settlement.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements recommended assessment carried country asylum child already well known relationship trust relevant agency refugee camp settlement ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.8. Factors affecting foreign children associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Particular care should be taken with regard to whether, and how, to include foreign children associated with armed forces and groups in DDR programmes in the country of origin, especially if they have been living in refugee camps and communities. Since they are already living in a civilian environment, they will benefit most from DDR rehabilitation and rein\u00ad tegration processes. Their level of integration in refugee camps and communities is likely to be different. Some children may be fully integrated as refugees, and it may no longer be in their best interests to be considered as children associated with armed forces and groups in need of DDR assistance upon their return to the country of origin. Other children may not yet have made the transition to a civilian status, even if they have been living in a civilian environment, and it may be in their best interests to participate in a DDR programme. In all cases, stigmatization should be avoided.It is recommended that foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be individually assessed by UNHCR, UNICEF and\/or child protection partner NGOs to plan for the child\u2019s needs upon repatriation, including possible inclusion in an appropriate DDR programme. Factors to consider should include: the nature of the child\u2019s association with armed forces or groups; the circumstances of arrival in the asylum country; the stability of present care arrangements; the levels of integration into camp\/community\u00adbased civilian activities; and the status of family\u00adtracing efforts. All decisions should involve the partici\u00ad pation of the child and reflect his\/her best interests. It is recommended that assessments should be carried out in the country of asylum, where the child should already be well known to, and should have a relationship of trust with, relevant agencies in the refugee camp or settlement. The assessment can then be given to relevant agencies in the country of origin when planning the voluntary repatriation of the child, and decisions can be made about whether and how to include the child in a DDR programme. If it is recommended that a child should be included in a DDR programme, he\/she should receive counselling and full information about the programme (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1299, "Sentence":"The assessment can then be given to relevant agencies in the country of origin when planning the voluntary repatriation of the child, and decisions can be made about whether and how to include the child in a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements assessment given relevant agency country origin planning voluntary repatriation child decision made whether include child ddr programme ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"11. Planning for foreign combatants\u2019 voluntary repatriation and inclusion in cross-border DDR operations", "Heading2":"11.8. Factors affecting foreign children associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Particular care should be taken with regard to whether, and how, to include foreign children associated with armed forces and groups in DDR programmes in the country of origin, especially if they have been living in refugee camps and communities. Since they are already living in a civilian environment, they will benefit most from DDR rehabilitation and rein\u00ad tegration processes. Their level of integration in refugee camps and communities is likely to be different. Some children may be fully integrated as refugees, and it may no longer be in their best interests to be considered as children associated with armed forces and groups in need of DDR assistance upon their return to the country of origin. Other children may not yet have made the transition to a civilian status, even if they have been living in a civilian environment, and it may be in their best interests to participate in a DDR programme. In all cases, stigmatization should be avoided.It is recommended that foreign children associated with armed forces and groups should be individually assessed by UNHCR, UNICEF and\/or child protection partner NGOs to plan for the child\u2019s needs upon repatriation, including possible inclusion in an appropriate DDR programme. Factors to consider should include: the nature of the child\u2019s association with armed forces or groups; the circumstances of arrival in the asylum country; the stability of present care arrangements; the levels of integration into camp\/community\u00adbased civilian activities; and the status of family\u00adtracing efforts. All decisions should involve the partici\u00ad pation of the child and reflect his\/her best interests. It is recommended that assessments should be carried out in the country of asylum, where the child should already be well known to, and should have a relationship of trust with, relevant agencies in the refugee camp or settlement. The assessment can then be given to relevant agencies in the country of origin when planning the voluntary repatriation of the child, and decisions can be made about whether and how to include the child in a DDR programme. If it is recommended that a child should be included in a DDR programme, he\/she should receive counselling and full information about the programme (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1299, "Sentence":"If it is recommended that a child should be included in a DDR programme, he\/she should receive counselling and full information about the programme (also see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements recommended child included ddr programme he\/she receive counselling full information programme also see iddrs 5.30 child ddr ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.1. Assurances upon return", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Governments must ensure that former combatants and their dependants are able to return in conditions of safety and dignity.Return in safety implies a guarantee of: \\n legal security (e.g., appropriate amnesties or public assurances of personal safety, integ\u00ad rity, non\u00addiscrimination and freedom from fear of persecution); \\n physical security (e.g., protection from armed attacks, routes that are free of unexploded ordnances and mines); \\n material security (e.g., access to land or ways to earn a living).Return in dignity implies that returnees should not be harassed on departure, on route or on arrival. If returning spontaneously, they should be allowed to do so at their own pace; should not be separated from family members; should be allowed to return without pre\u00ad conditions; should be accepted and welcomed by national authorities and local populations; and their rights and freedoms should be fully restored so that they can start a meaningful life with self\u00adesteem and self\u00adconfidence.In keeping with the spirit of post\u00adwar reconciliation, it is recommended that the govern\u00ad ment of the country of origin should not take disciplinary action against former combatants who were members of the government armed forces and who laid down their arms during the war. They should benefit from any amnesties in force for former combatants in general.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1300, "Sentence":"Governments must ensure that former combatants and their dependants are able to return in conditions of safety and dignity.Return in safety implies a guarantee of: \\n legal security (e.g., appropriate amnesties or public assurances of personal safety, integ\u00ad rity, non\u00addiscrimination and freedom from fear of persecution); \\n physical security (e.g., protection from armed attacks, routes that are free of unexploded ordnances and mines); \\n material security (e.g., access to land or ways to earn a living).Return in dignity implies that returnees should not be harassed on departure, on route or on arrival.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements government must ensure former combatant dependant able return condition safety dignity.return safety implies guarantee n legal security e.g . appropriate amnesty public assurance personal safety integ\u00ad rity non\u00addiscrimination freedom fear persecution n physical security e.g . protection armed attack route free unexploded ordnance mine n material security e.g . access land way earn living.return dignity implies returnees harassed departure route arrival ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.1. Assurances upon return", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Governments must ensure that former combatants and their dependants are able to return in conditions of safety and dignity.Return in safety implies a guarantee of: \\n legal security (e.g., appropriate amnesties or public assurances of personal safety, integ\u00ad rity, non\u00addiscrimination and freedom from fear of persecution); \\n physical security (e.g., protection from armed attacks, routes that are free of unexploded ordnances and mines); \\n material security (e.g., access to land or ways to earn a living).Return in dignity implies that returnees should not be harassed on departure, on route or on arrival. If returning spontaneously, they should be allowed to do so at their own pace; should not be separated from family members; should be allowed to return without pre\u00ad conditions; should be accepted and welcomed by national authorities and local populations; and their rights and freedoms should be fully restored so that they can start a meaningful life with self\u00adesteem and self\u00adconfidence.In keeping with the spirit of post\u00adwar reconciliation, it is recommended that the govern\u00ad ment of the country of origin should not take disciplinary action against former combatants who were members of the government armed forces and who laid down their arms during the war. They should benefit from any amnesties in force for former combatants in general.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1300, "Sentence":"If returning spontaneously, they should be allowed to do so at their own pace; should not be separated from family members; should be allowed to return without pre\u00ad conditions; should be accepted and welcomed by national authorities and local populations; and their rights and freedoms should be fully restored so that they can start a meaningful life with self\u00adesteem and self\u00adconfidence.In keeping with the spirit of post\u00adwar reconciliation, it is recommended that the govern\u00ad ment of the country of origin should not take disciplinary action against former combatants who were members of the government armed forces and who laid down their arms during the war.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements returning spontaneously allowed pace separated family member allowed return without pre\u00ad condition accepted welcomed national authority local population right freedom fully restored start meaningful life self\u00adesteem self\u00adconfidence.in keeping spirit post\u00adwar reconciliation recommended govern\u00ad ment country origin take disciplinary action former combatant member government armed force laid arm war ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.1. Assurances upon return", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Governments must ensure that former combatants and their dependants are able to return in conditions of safety and dignity.Return in safety implies a guarantee of: \\n legal security (e.g., appropriate amnesties or public assurances of personal safety, integ\u00ad rity, non\u00addiscrimination and freedom from fear of persecution); \\n physical security (e.g., protection from armed attacks, routes that are free of unexploded ordnances and mines); \\n material security (e.g., access to land or ways to earn a living).Return in dignity implies that returnees should not be harassed on departure, on route or on arrival. If returning spontaneously, they should be allowed to do so at their own pace; should not be separated from family members; should be allowed to return without pre\u00ad conditions; should be accepted and welcomed by national authorities and local populations; and their rights and freedoms should be fully restored so that they can start a meaningful life with self\u00adesteem and self\u00adconfidence.In keeping with the spirit of post\u00adwar reconciliation, it is recommended that the govern\u00ad ment of the country of origin should not take disciplinary action against former combatants who were members of the government armed forces and who laid down their arms during the war. They should benefit from any amnesties in force for former combatants in general.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1300, "Sentence":"They should benefit from any amnesties in force for former combatants in general.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements benefit amnesty force former combatant general ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.2. Inclusion in DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"In accordance with agreements reached between the country of asylum and the country of origin during the planning for repatriation of former combatants, they should be included in appropriate DDR programmes in their country of origin. Entitlements should be syn\u00ad chronized with DDR assistance received in the host country, e.g., if disarmament and demo\u00ad bilization has been carried out in the host country, then reintegration is likely to be the most important process for repatriated former combatants in the country of origin. Lack of rein\u00ad tegration may contribute to future cross\u00adborder movements of combatants and mercenaries.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1301, "Sentence":"In accordance with agreements reached between the country of asylum and the country of origin during the planning for repatriation of former combatants, they should be included in appropriate DDR programmes in their country of origin.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements accordance agreement reached country asylum country origin planning repatriation former combatant included appropriate ddr programme country origin ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.2. Inclusion in DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"In accordance with agreements reached between the country of asylum and the country of origin during the planning for repatriation of former combatants, they should be included in appropriate DDR programmes in their country of origin. Entitlements should be syn\u00ad chronized with DDR assistance received in the host country, e.g., if disarmament and demo\u00ad bilization has been carried out in the host country, then reintegration is likely to be the most important process for repatriated former combatants in the country of origin. Lack of rein\u00ad tegration may contribute to future cross\u00adborder movements of combatants and mercenaries.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1301, "Sentence":"Entitlements should be syn\u00ad chronized with DDR assistance received in the host country, e.g., if disarmament and demo\u00ad bilization has been carried out in the host country, then reintegration is likely to be the most important process for repatriated former combatants in the country of origin.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements entitlement syn\u00ad chronized ddr assistance received host country e.g . disarmament demo\u00ad bilization carried host country reintegration likely important process repatriated former combatant country origin ." }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.2. Inclusion in DDR programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"In accordance with agreements reached between the country of asylum and the country of origin during the planning for repatriation of former combatants, they should be included in appropriate DDR programmes in their country of origin. Entitlements should be syn\u00ad chronized with DDR assistance received in the host country, e.g., if disarmament and demo\u00ad bilization has been carried out in the host country, then reintegration is likely to be the most important process for repatriated former combatants in the country of origin. Lack of rein\u00ad tegration may contribute to future cross\u00adborder movements of combatants and mercenaries.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1301, "Sentence":"Lack of rein\u00ad tegration may contribute to future cross\u00adborder movements of combatants and mercenaries.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements lack rein\u00ad tegration may contribute future cross\u00adborder movement combatant mercenary ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.3. Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Entitlements under DDR programmes are only a contribution towards the process of rein\u00ad tegration. This process should gradually result in the disappearance of differences in legal rights, duties and opportunities of different population groups who have rejoined society \u2014 whether they were previously displaced persons or demobilized combatants \u2014 so that all are able to contribute to community stabilization and development.Agencies involved in reintegration programming should support the creation of eco\u00ad nomic and social opportunities that assist the recovery of the community as a whole, rather than focusing on former combatants. Every effort shall be made not to increase tensions that could result from differences in the type of assistance received by victims and perpetrators. Community\u00adbased reintegration assistance should therefore be designed in a way that encourages reconciliation through community participation and commitment, including demobilized former combatants, returnees, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and other needy community members (also see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).Efforts should be made to ensure that different types of reintegration programmes work closely together. For example, in countries where the \u20184Rs\u2019 (repatriation, reintegration, re\u00ad habilitation and reconstruction) approach is used to deal with the return and reintegration of displaced populations, it is important to ensure that programme contents, methodologies and approaches support each other and work towards achieving the overall objective of supporting communities affected by conflict (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Benefici\u00ad aries and Partners).Links between DDR and other reintegration programming activities are especially relevant where there are plans to reintegrate former combatants into communities or areas alongside returnees and IDPs (e.g., former combatants may benefit from UNHCR\u2019s com\u00ad munity\u00adbased reintegration programmes for returnees and war\u00adaffected communities in the main areas of return). Such links will not only contribute to agencies working well together and supporting each other\u2019s activities, but also ensure that all efforts contribute to social and political stability and reconciliation, particularly at the grass\u00adroots level.In accordance with the principle of equity for different categories of persons returning to communities, repatriation\/returnee policies and DDR programmes should be coordinated and harmonized as much as possible.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1302, "Sentence":"Entitlements under DDR programmes are only a contribution towards the process of rein\u00ad tegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements entitlement ddr programme contribution towards process rein\u00ad tegration ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.3. Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Entitlements under DDR programmes are only a contribution towards the process of rein\u00ad tegration. This process should gradually result in the disappearance of differences in legal rights, duties and opportunities of different population groups who have rejoined society \u2014 whether they were previously displaced persons or demobilized combatants \u2014 so that all are able to contribute to community stabilization and development.Agencies involved in reintegration programming should support the creation of eco\u00ad nomic and social opportunities that assist the recovery of the community as a whole, rather than focusing on former combatants. Every effort shall be made not to increase tensions that could result from differences in the type of assistance received by victims and perpetrators. Community\u00adbased reintegration assistance should therefore be designed in a way that encourages reconciliation through community participation and commitment, including demobilized former combatants, returnees, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and other needy community members (also see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).Efforts should be made to ensure that different types of reintegration programmes work closely together. For example, in countries where the \u20184Rs\u2019 (repatriation, reintegration, re\u00ad habilitation and reconstruction) approach is used to deal with the return and reintegration of displaced populations, it is important to ensure that programme contents, methodologies and approaches support each other and work towards achieving the overall objective of supporting communities affected by conflict (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Benefici\u00ad aries and Partners).Links between DDR and other reintegration programming activities are especially relevant where there are plans to reintegrate former combatants into communities or areas alongside returnees and IDPs (e.g., former combatants may benefit from UNHCR\u2019s com\u00ad munity\u00adbased reintegration programmes for returnees and war\u00adaffected communities in the main areas of return). Such links will not only contribute to agencies working well together and supporting each other\u2019s activities, but also ensure that all efforts contribute to social and political stability and reconciliation, particularly at the grass\u00adroots level.In accordance with the principle of equity for different categories of persons returning to communities, repatriation\/returnee policies and DDR programmes should be coordinated and harmonized as much as possible.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1302, "Sentence":"This process should gradually result in the disappearance of differences in legal rights, duties and opportunities of different population groups who have rejoined society \u2014 whether they were previously displaced persons or demobilized combatants \u2014 so that all are able to contribute to community stabilization and development.Agencies involved in reintegration programming should support the creation of eco\u00ad nomic and social opportunities that assist the recovery of the community as a whole, rather than focusing on former combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements process gradually result disappearance difference legal right duty opportunity different population group rejoined society \u2014 whether previously displaced person demobilized combatant \u2014 able contribute community stabilization development.agencies involved reintegration programming support creation eco\u00ad nomic social opportunity assist recovery community whole rather focusing former combatant ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.3. Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Entitlements under DDR programmes are only a contribution towards the process of rein\u00ad tegration. This process should gradually result in the disappearance of differences in legal rights, duties and opportunities of different population groups who have rejoined society \u2014 whether they were previously displaced persons or demobilized combatants \u2014 so that all are able to contribute to community stabilization and development.Agencies involved in reintegration programming should support the creation of eco\u00ad nomic and social opportunities that assist the recovery of the community as a whole, rather than focusing on former combatants. Every effort shall be made not to increase tensions that could result from differences in the type of assistance received by victims and perpetrators. Community\u00adbased reintegration assistance should therefore be designed in a way that encourages reconciliation through community participation and commitment, including demobilized former combatants, returnees, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and other needy community members (also see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).Efforts should be made to ensure that different types of reintegration programmes work closely together. For example, in countries where the \u20184Rs\u2019 (repatriation, reintegration, re\u00ad habilitation and reconstruction) approach is used to deal with the return and reintegration of displaced populations, it is important to ensure that programme contents, methodologies and approaches support each other and work towards achieving the overall objective of supporting communities affected by conflict (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Benefici\u00ad aries and Partners).Links between DDR and other reintegration programming activities are especially relevant where there are plans to reintegrate former combatants into communities or areas alongside returnees and IDPs (e.g., former combatants may benefit from UNHCR\u2019s com\u00ad munity\u00adbased reintegration programmes for returnees and war\u00adaffected communities in the main areas of return). Such links will not only contribute to agencies working well together and supporting each other\u2019s activities, but also ensure that all efforts contribute to social and political stability and reconciliation, particularly at the grass\u00adroots level.In accordance with the principle of equity for different categories of persons returning to communities, repatriation\/returnee policies and DDR programmes should be coordinated and harmonized as much as possible.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1302, "Sentence":"Every effort shall be made not to increase tensions that could result from differences in the type of assistance received by victims and perpetrators.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements every effort shall made increase tension could result difference type assistance received victim perpetrator ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.3. Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Entitlements under DDR programmes are only a contribution towards the process of rein\u00ad tegration. This process should gradually result in the disappearance of differences in legal rights, duties and opportunities of different population groups who have rejoined society \u2014 whether they were previously displaced persons or demobilized combatants \u2014 so that all are able to contribute to community stabilization and development.Agencies involved in reintegration programming should support the creation of eco\u00ad nomic and social opportunities that assist the recovery of the community as a whole, rather than focusing on former combatants. Every effort shall be made not to increase tensions that could result from differences in the type of assistance received by victims and perpetrators. Community\u00adbased reintegration assistance should therefore be designed in a way that encourages reconciliation through community participation and commitment, including demobilized former combatants, returnees, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and other needy community members (also see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).Efforts should be made to ensure that different types of reintegration programmes work closely together. For example, in countries where the \u20184Rs\u2019 (repatriation, reintegration, re\u00ad habilitation and reconstruction) approach is used to deal with the return and reintegration of displaced populations, it is important to ensure that programme contents, methodologies and approaches support each other and work towards achieving the overall objective of supporting communities affected by conflict (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Benefici\u00ad aries and Partners).Links between DDR and other reintegration programming activities are especially relevant where there are plans to reintegrate former combatants into communities or areas alongside returnees and IDPs (e.g., former combatants may benefit from UNHCR\u2019s com\u00ad munity\u00adbased reintegration programmes for returnees and war\u00adaffected communities in the main areas of return). Such links will not only contribute to agencies working well together and supporting each other\u2019s activities, but also ensure that all efforts contribute to social and political stability and reconciliation, particularly at the grass\u00adroots level.In accordance with the principle of equity for different categories of persons returning to communities, repatriation\/returnee policies and DDR programmes should be coordinated and harmonized as much as possible.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1302, "Sentence":"Community\u00adbased reintegration assistance should therefore be designed in a way that encourages reconciliation through community participation and commitment, including demobilized former combatants, returnees, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and other needy community members (also see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).Efforts should be made to ensure that different types of reintegration programmes work closely together.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements community\u00adbased reintegration assistance therefore designed way encourages reconciliation community participation commitment including demobilized former combatant returnees internally displaced person idp needy community member also see iddrs 4.30 social economic reintegration.efforts made ensure different type reintegration programme work closely together ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.3. Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Entitlements under DDR programmes are only a contribution towards the process of rein\u00ad tegration. This process should gradually result in the disappearance of differences in legal rights, duties and opportunities of different population groups who have rejoined society \u2014 whether they were previously displaced persons or demobilized combatants \u2014 so that all are able to contribute to community stabilization and development.Agencies involved in reintegration programming should support the creation of eco\u00ad nomic and social opportunities that assist the recovery of the community as a whole, rather than focusing on former combatants. Every effort shall be made not to increase tensions that could result from differences in the type of assistance received by victims and perpetrators. Community\u00adbased reintegration assistance should therefore be designed in a way that encourages reconciliation through community participation and commitment, including demobilized former combatants, returnees, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and other needy community members (also see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).Efforts should be made to ensure that different types of reintegration programmes work closely together. For example, in countries where the \u20184Rs\u2019 (repatriation, reintegration, re\u00ad habilitation and reconstruction) approach is used to deal with the return and reintegration of displaced populations, it is important to ensure that programme contents, methodologies and approaches support each other and work towards achieving the overall objective of supporting communities affected by conflict (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Benefici\u00ad aries and Partners).Links between DDR and other reintegration programming activities are especially relevant where there are plans to reintegrate former combatants into communities or areas alongside returnees and IDPs (e.g., former combatants may benefit from UNHCR\u2019s com\u00ad munity\u00adbased reintegration programmes for returnees and war\u00adaffected communities in the main areas of return). Such links will not only contribute to agencies working well together and supporting each other\u2019s activities, but also ensure that all efforts contribute to social and political stability and reconciliation, particularly at the grass\u00adroots level.In accordance with the principle of equity for different categories of persons returning to communities, repatriation\/returnee policies and DDR programmes should be coordinated and harmonized as much as possible.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1302, "Sentence":"For example, in countries where the \u20184Rs\u2019 (repatriation, reintegration, re\u00ad habilitation and reconstruction) approach is used to deal with the return and reintegration of displaced populations, it is important to ensure that programme contents, methodologies and approaches support each other and work towards achieving the overall objective of supporting communities affected by conflict (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Benefici\u00ad aries and Partners).Links between DDR and other reintegration programming activities are especially relevant where there are plans to reintegrate former combatants into communities or areas alongside returnees and IDPs (e.g., former combatants may benefit from UNHCR\u2019s com\u00ad munity\u00adbased reintegration programmes for returnees and war\u00adaffected communities in the main areas of return).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements example country \u2018 4rs \u2019 repatriation reintegration re\u00ad habilitation reconstruction approach used deal return reintegration displaced population important ensure programme content methodology approach support work towards achieving overall objective supporting community affected conflict also see iddrs 2.30 participant benefici\u00ad aries partners.links ddr reintegration programming activity especially relevant plan reintegrate former combatant community area alongside returnees idp e.g . former combatant may benefit unhcr \u2019 com\u00ad munity\u00adbased reintegration programme returnees war\u00adaffected community main area return ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.3. Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Entitlements under DDR programmes are only a contribution towards the process of rein\u00ad tegration. This process should gradually result in the disappearance of differences in legal rights, duties and opportunities of different population groups who have rejoined society \u2014 whether they were previously displaced persons or demobilized combatants \u2014 so that all are able to contribute to community stabilization and development.Agencies involved in reintegration programming should support the creation of eco\u00ad nomic and social opportunities that assist the recovery of the community as a whole, rather than focusing on former combatants. Every effort shall be made not to increase tensions that could result from differences in the type of assistance received by victims and perpetrators. Community\u00adbased reintegration assistance should therefore be designed in a way that encourages reconciliation through community participation and commitment, including demobilized former combatants, returnees, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and other needy community members (also see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).Efforts should be made to ensure that different types of reintegration programmes work closely together. For example, in countries where the \u20184Rs\u2019 (repatriation, reintegration, re\u00ad habilitation and reconstruction) approach is used to deal with the return and reintegration of displaced populations, it is important to ensure that programme contents, methodologies and approaches support each other and work towards achieving the overall objective of supporting communities affected by conflict (also see IDDRS 2.30 on Participants, Benefici\u00ad aries and Partners).Links between DDR and other reintegration programming activities are especially relevant where there are plans to reintegrate former combatants into communities or areas alongside returnees and IDPs (e.g., former combatants may benefit from UNHCR\u2019s com\u00ad munity\u00adbased reintegration programmes for returnees and war\u00adaffected communities in the main areas of return). Such links will not only contribute to agencies working well together and supporting each other\u2019s activities, but also ensure that all efforts contribute to social and political stability and reconciliation, particularly at the grass\u00adroots level.In accordance with the principle of equity for different categories of persons returning to communities, repatriation\/returnee policies and DDR programmes should be coordinated and harmonized as much as possible.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1302, "Sentence":"Such links will not only contribute to agencies working well together and supporting each other\u2019s activities, but also ensure that all efforts contribute to social and political stability and reconciliation, particularly at the grass\u00adroots level.In accordance with the principle of equity for different categories of persons returning to communities, repatriation\/returnee policies and DDR programmes should be coordinated and harmonized as much as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements link contribute agency working well together supporting \u2019 activity also ensure effort contribute social political stability reconciliation particularly grass\u00adroots level.in accordance principle equity different category person returning community repatriation\/returnee policy ddr programme coordinated harmonized much possible ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.4. Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration of former combatants should be monitored and reported on by relevant agencies as part of a community\u00adfocused approach (i.e., including monitoring the rights of war\u00adaffected communities, returnees and IDPs, rather than singling out former combatants for preferential treatment). Relevant monitoring agencies include UN missions, UNHCHR, UNICEF and UNHCR. Human rights monitoring partnerships should also be established with relevant NGOs.In the case of an overlap in areas of return, UNHCR will usually have established a field office. As returnee family members of former combatants come within UNHCR\u2019s mandate, the agency should monitor both the rights and welfare of the family unit as a whole, and those of the receiving community. Such monitoring should also help to build confidence.What issues should be monitored? \\n Non-discrimination: Returned former combatants and their families\/other dependants should not be targeted for harassment, intimidation, extra-judicial punishment, violence, denial of fair access to public institutions or services, or be discriminated against in the enjoyment of any basic rights or services (e.g., health, education, shelter); \\n Amnesties and guarantees: Returned former combatants and their families should benefit from any amnesties in force for the population generally or for returnees specifically. Amnesties may cover, for example, matters relating to having left the country of origin and having found refuge in another country, draft evasion and desertion, as well as the act of performing military service in unrecognized armed groups. Amnesties for international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious violations of international humanitarian law, are not supported by the UN. Former combatants may legitimately be prosecuted for such crimes, but they must receive a fair trial in accordance with judicial procedures; \\n Respect for human rights: In common with all other citizens, the human rights and fundamental freedoms of former combatants and their families must be fully respected; 2.30 Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 31 5.40 \\n Access to land: Equitable access to land for settlement and agricultural use should be encouraged; \\n Property recovery: Land or other property that returned former combatants and their families may have lost or left behind should be restored to them. UN missions should support governments in setting up dispute resolution procedures on issues such as property recovery. The specific needs of women, including widows of former combatants, should be taken into account, particularly where traditional practices and laws discriminate against women\u2019s rights to own and inherit property; \\n Protection from landmines and unexploded ordnances: Main areas of return may be at risk from landmines and unexploded ordnances that have not yet been cleared. Awareness-raising, mine clearance and other efforts should therefore include all members of the community; \\n Protection from stigmatization: Survivors of sexual abuse, and girls and women who have had to bear their abusers\u2019 children may be at risk of rejection from their communities and families. There may be a need for specific community sensitization to combat this problem, as well as efforts to empower survivors through inclusion in constructive socio-economic activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1303, "Sentence":"The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration of former combatants should be monitored and reported on by relevant agencies as part of a community\u00adfocused approach (i.e., including monitoring the rights of war\u00adaffected communities, returnees and IDPs, rather than singling out former combatants for preferential treatment).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements disarmament demobilization rehabilitation reintegration former combatant monitored reported relevant agency part community\u00adfocused approach i.e . including monitoring right war\u00adaffected community returnees idp rather singling former combatant preferential treatment ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.4. Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration of former combatants should be monitored and reported on by relevant agencies as part of a community\u00adfocused approach (i.e., including monitoring the rights of war\u00adaffected communities, returnees and IDPs, rather than singling out former combatants for preferential treatment). Relevant monitoring agencies include UN missions, UNHCHR, UNICEF and UNHCR. Human rights monitoring partnerships should also be established with relevant NGOs.In the case of an overlap in areas of return, UNHCR will usually have established a field office. As returnee family members of former combatants come within UNHCR\u2019s mandate, the agency should monitor both the rights and welfare of the family unit as a whole, and those of the receiving community. Such monitoring should also help to build confidence.What issues should be monitored? \\n Non-discrimination: Returned former combatants and their families\/other dependants should not be targeted for harassment, intimidation, extra-judicial punishment, violence, denial of fair access to public institutions or services, or be discriminated against in the enjoyment of any basic rights or services (e.g., health, education, shelter); \\n Amnesties and guarantees: Returned former combatants and their families should benefit from any amnesties in force for the population generally or for returnees specifically. Amnesties may cover, for example, matters relating to having left the country of origin and having found refuge in another country, draft evasion and desertion, as well as the act of performing military service in unrecognized armed groups. Amnesties for international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious violations of international humanitarian law, are not supported by the UN. Former combatants may legitimately be prosecuted for such crimes, but they must receive a fair trial in accordance with judicial procedures; \\n Respect for human rights: In common with all other citizens, the human rights and fundamental freedoms of former combatants and their families must be fully respected; 2.30 Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 31 5.40 \\n Access to land: Equitable access to land for settlement and agricultural use should be encouraged; \\n Property recovery: Land or other property that returned former combatants and their families may have lost or left behind should be restored to them. UN missions should support governments in setting up dispute resolution procedures on issues such as property recovery. The specific needs of women, including widows of former combatants, should be taken into account, particularly where traditional practices and laws discriminate against women\u2019s rights to own and inherit property; \\n Protection from landmines and unexploded ordnances: Main areas of return may be at risk from landmines and unexploded ordnances that have not yet been cleared. Awareness-raising, mine clearance and other efforts should therefore include all members of the community; \\n Protection from stigmatization: Survivors of sexual abuse, and girls and women who have had to bear their abusers\u2019 children may be at risk of rejection from their communities and families. There may be a need for specific community sensitization to combat this problem, as well as efforts to empower survivors through inclusion in constructive socio-economic activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1303, "Sentence":"Relevant monitoring agencies include UN missions, UNHCHR, UNICEF and UNHCR.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements relevant monitoring agency include un mission unhchr unicef unhcr ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.4. Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration of former combatants should be monitored and reported on by relevant agencies as part of a community\u00adfocused approach (i.e., including monitoring the rights of war\u00adaffected communities, returnees and IDPs, rather than singling out former combatants for preferential treatment). Relevant monitoring agencies include UN missions, UNHCHR, UNICEF and UNHCR. Human rights monitoring partnerships should also be established with relevant NGOs.In the case of an overlap in areas of return, UNHCR will usually have established a field office. As returnee family members of former combatants come within UNHCR\u2019s mandate, the agency should monitor both the rights and welfare of the family unit as a whole, and those of the receiving community. Such monitoring should also help to build confidence.What issues should be monitored? \\n Non-discrimination: Returned former combatants and their families\/other dependants should not be targeted for harassment, intimidation, extra-judicial punishment, violence, denial of fair access to public institutions or services, or be discriminated against in the enjoyment of any basic rights or services (e.g., health, education, shelter); \\n Amnesties and guarantees: Returned former combatants and their families should benefit from any amnesties in force for the population generally or for returnees specifically. Amnesties may cover, for example, matters relating to having left the country of origin and having found refuge in another country, draft evasion and desertion, as well as the act of performing military service in unrecognized armed groups. Amnesties for international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious violations of international humanitarian law, are not supported by the UN. Former combatants may legitimately be prosecuted for such crimes, but they must receive a fair trial in accordance with judicial procedures; \\n Respect for human rights: In common with all other citizens, the human rights and fundamental freedoms of former combatants and their families must be fully respected; 2.30 Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 31 5.40 \\n Access to land: Equitable access to land for settlement and agricultural use should be encouraged; \\n Property recovery: Land or other property that returned former combatants and their families may have lost or left behind should be restored to them. UN missions should support governments in setting up dispute resolution procedures on issues such as property recovery. The specific needs of women, including widows of former combatants, should be taken into account, particularly where traditional practices and laws discriminate against women\u2019s rights to own and inherit property; \\n Protection from landmines and unexploded ordnances: Main areas of return may be at risk from landmines and unexploded ordnances that have not yet been cleared. Awareness-raising, mine clearance and other efforts should therefore include all members of the community; \\n Protection from stigmatization: Survivors of sexual abuse, and girls and women who have had to bear their abusers\u2019 children may be at risk of rejection from their communities and families. There may be a need for specific community sensitization to combat this problem, as well as efforts to empower survivors through inclusion in constructive socio-economic activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1303, "Sentence":"Human rights monitoring partnerships should also be established with relevant NGOs.In the case of an overlap in areas of return, UNHCR will usually have established a field office.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements human right monitoring partnership also established relevant ngos.in case overlap area return unhcr usually established field office ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.4. Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration of former combatants should be monitored and reported on by relevant agencies as part of a community\u00adfocused approach (i.e., including monitoring the rights of war\u00adaffected communities, returnees and IDPs, rather than singling out former combatants for preferential treatment). Relevant monitoring agencies include UN missions, UNHCHR, UNICEF and UNHCR. Human rights monitoring partnerships should also be established with relevant NGOs.In the case of an overlap in areas of return, UNHCR will usually have established a field office. As returnee family members of former combatants come within UNHCR\u2019s mandate, the agency should monitor both the rights and welfare of the family unit as a whole, and those of the receiving community. Such monitoring should also help to build confidence.What issues should be monitored? \\n Non-discrimination: Returned former combatants and their families\/other dependants should not be targeted for harassment, intimidation, extra-judicial punishment, violence, denial of fair access to public institutions or services, or be discriminated against in the enjoyment of any basic rights or services (e.g., health, education, shelter); \\n Amnesties and guarantees: Returned former combatants and their families should benefit from any amnesties in force for the population generally or for returnees specifically. Amnesties may cover, for example, matters relating to having left the country of origin and having found refuge in another country, draft evasion and desertion, as well as the act of performing military service in unrecognized armed groups. Amnesties for international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious violations of international humanitarian law, are not supported by the UN. Former combatants may legitimately be prosecuted for such crimes, but they must receive a fair trial in accordance with judicial procedures; \\n Respect for human rights: In common with all other citizens, the human rights and fundamental freedoms of former combatants and their families must be fully respected; 2.30 Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 31 5.40 \\n Access to land: Equitable access to land for settlement and agricultural use should be encouraged; \\n Property recovery: Land or other property that returned former combatants and their families may have lost or left behind should be restored to them. UN missions should support governments in setting up dispute resolution procedures on issues such as property recovery. The specific needs of women, including widows of former combatants, should be taken into account, particularly where traditional practices and laws discriminate against women\u2019s rights to own and inherit property; \\n Protection from landmines and unexploded ordnances: Main areas of return may be at risk from landmines and unexploded ordnances that have not yet been cleared. Awareness-raising, mine clearance and other efforts should therefore include all members of the community; \\n Protection from stigmatization: Survivors of sexual abuse, and girls and women who have had to bear their abusers\u2019 children may be at risk of rejection from their communities and families. There may be a need for specific community sensitization to combat this problem, as well as efforts to empower survivors through inclusion in constructive socio-economic activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1303, "Sentence":"As returnee family members of former combatants come within UNHCR\u2019s mandate, the agency should monitor both the rights and welfare of the family unit as a whole, and those of the receiving community.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements returnee family member former combatant come within unhcr \u2019 mandate agency monitor right welfare family unit whole receiving community ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.4. Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration of former combatants should be monitored and reported on by relevant agencies as part of a community\u00adfocused approach (i.e., including monitoring the rights of war\u00adaffected communities, returnees and IDPs, rather than singling out former combatants for preferential treatment). Relevant monitoring agencies include UN missions, UNHCHR, UNICEF and UNHCR. Human rights monitoring partnerships should also be established with relevant NGOs.In the case of an overlap in areas of return, UNHCR will usually have established a field office. As returnee family members of former combatants come within UNHCR\u2019s mandate, the agency should monitor both the rights and welfare of the family unit as a whole, and those of the receiving community. Such monitoring should also help to build confidence.What issues should be monitored? \\n Non-discrimination: Returned former combatants and their families\/other dependants should not be targeted for harassment, intimidation, extra-judicial punishment, violence, denial of fair access to public institutions or services, or be discriminated against in the enjoyment of any basic rights or services (e.g., health, education, shelter); \\n Amnesties and guarantees: Returned former combatants and their families should benefit from any amnesties in force for the population generally or for returnees specifically. Amnesties may cover, for example, matters relating to having left the country of origin and having found refuge in another country, draft evasion and desertion, as well as the act of performing military service in unrecognized armed groups. Amnesties for international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious violations of international humanitarian law, are not supported by the UN. Former combatants may legitimately be prosecuted for such crimes, but they must receive a fair trial in accordance with judicial procedures; \\n Respect for human rights: In common with all other citizens, the human rights and fundamental freedoms of former combatants and their families must be fully respected; 2.30 Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 31 5.40 \\n Access to land: Equitable access to land for settlement and agricultural use should be encouraged; \\n Property recovery: Land or other property that returned former combatants and their families may have lost or left behind should be restored to them. UN missions should support governments in setting up dispute resolution procedures on issues such as property recovery. The specific needs of women, including widows of former combatants, should be taken into account, particularly where traditional practices and laws discriminate against women\u2019s rights to own and inherit property; \\n Protection from landmines and unexploded ordnances: Main areas of return may be at risk from landmines and unexploded ordnances that have not yet been cleared. Awareness-raising, mine clearance and other efforts should therefore include all members of the community; \\n Protection from stigmatization: Survivors of sexual abuse, and girls and women who have had to bear their abusers\u2019 children may be at risk of rejection from their communities and families. There may be a need for specific community sensitization to combat this problem, as well as efforts to empower survivors through inclusion in constructive socio-economic activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1303, "Sentence":"Such monitoring should also help to build confidence.What issues should be monitored?", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements monitoring also help build confidence.what issue monitored" }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.4. Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration of former combatants should be monitored and reported on by relevant agencies as part of a community\u00adfocused approach (i.e., including monitoring the rights of war\u00adaffected communities, returnees and IDPs, rather than singling out former combatants for preferential treatment). Relevant monitoring agencies include UN missions, UNHCHR, UNICEF and UNHCR. Human rights monitoring partnerships should also be established with relevant NGOs.In the case of an overlap in areas of return, UNHCR will usually have established a field office. As returnee family members of former combatants come within UNHCR\u2019s mandate, the agency should monitor both the rights and welfare of the family unit as a whole, and those of the receiving community. Such monitoring should also help to build confidence.What issues should be monitored? \\n Non-discrimination: Returned former combatants and their families\/other dependants should not be targeted for harassment, intimidation, extra-judicial punishment, violence, denial of fair access to public institutions or services, or be discriminated against in the enjoyment of any basic rights or services (e.g., health, education, shelter); \\n Amnesties and guarantees: Returned former combatants and their families should benefit from any amnesties in force for the population generally or for returnees specifically. Amnesties may cover, for example, matters relating to having left the country of origin and having found refuge in another country, draft evasion and desertion, as well as the act of performing military service in unrecognized armed groups. Amnesties for international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious violations of international humanitarian law, are not supported by the UN. Former combatants may legitimately be prosecuted for such crimes, but they must receive a fair trial in accordance with judicial procedures; \\n Respect for human rights: In common with all other citizens, the human rights and fundamental freedoms of former combatants and their families must be fully respected; 2.30 Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 31 5.40 \\n Access to land: Equitable access to land for settlement and agricultural use should be encouraged; \\n Property recovery: Land or other property that returned former combatants and their families may have lost or left behind should be restored to them. UN missions should support governments in setting up dispute resolution procedures on issues such as property recovery. The specific needs of women, including widows of former combatants, should be taken into account, particularly where traditional practices and laws discriminate against women\u2019s rights to own and inherit property; \\n Protection from landmines and unexploded ordnances: Main areas of return may be at risk from landmines and unexploded ordnances that have not yet been cleared. Awareness-raising, mine clearance and other efforts should therefore include all members of the community; \\n Protection from stigmatization: Survivors of sexual abuse, and girls and women who have had to bear their abusers\u2019 children may be at risk of rejection from their communities and families. There may be a need for specific community sensitization to combat this problem, as well as efforts to empower survivors through inclusion in constructive socio-economic activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1303, "Sentence":"\\n Non-discrimination: Returned former combatants and their families\/other dependants should not be targeted for harassment, intimidation, extra-judicial punishment, violence, denial of fair access to public institutions or services, or be discriminated against in the enjoyment of any basic rights or services (e.g., health, education, shelter); \\n Amnesties and guarantees: Returned former combatants and their families should benefit from any amnesties in force for the population generally or for returnees specifically.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n nondiscrimination returned former combatant families\/other dependant targeted harassment intimidation extrajudicial punishment violence denial fair access public institution service discriminated enjoyment basic right service e.g . health education shelter n amnesty guarantee returned former combatant family benefit amnesty force population generally returnees specifically ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.4. Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration of former combatants should be monitored and reported on by relevant agencies as part of a community\u00adfocused approach (i.e., including monitoring the rights of war\u00adaffected communities, returnees and IDPs, rather than singling out former combatants for preferential treatment). Relevant monitoring agencies include UN missions, UNHCHR, UNICEF and UNHCR. Human rights monitoring partnerships should also be established with relevant NGOs.In the case of an overlap in areas of return, UNHCR will usually have established a field office. As returnee family members of former combatants come within UNHCR\u2019s mandate, the agency should monitor both the rights and welfare of the family unit as a whole, and those of the receiving community. Such monitoring should also help to build confidence.What issues should be monitored? \\n Non-discrimination: Returned former combatants and their families\/other dependants should not be targeted for harassment, intimidation, extra-judicial punishment, violence, denial of fair access to public institutions or services, or be discriminated against in the enjoyment of any basic rights or services (e.g., health, education, shelter); \\n Amnesties and guarantees: Returned former combatants and their families should benefit from any amnesties in force for the population generally or for returnees specifically. Amnesties may cover, for example, matters relating to having left the country of origin and having found refuge in another country, draft evasion and desertion, as well as the act of performing military service in unrecognized armed groups. Amnesties for international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious violations of international humanitarian law, are not supported by the UN. Former combatants may legitimately be prosecuted for such crimes, but they must receive a fair trial in accordance with judicial procedures; \\n Respect for human rights: In common with all other citizens, the human rights and fundamental freedoms of former combatants and their families must be fully respected; 2.30 Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 31 5.40 \\n Access to land: Equitable access to land for settlement and agricultural use should be encouraged; \\n Property recovery: Land or other property that returned former combatants and their families may have lost or left behind should be restored to them. UN missions should support governments in setting up dispute resolution procedures on issues such as property recovery. The specific needs of women, including widows of former combatants, should be taken into account, particularly where traditional practices and laws discriminate against women\u2019s rights to own and inherit property; \\n Protection from landmines and unexploded ordnances: Main areas of return may be at risk from landmines and unexploded ordnances that have not yet been cleared. Awareness-raising, mine clearance and other efforts should therefore include all members of the community; \\n Protection from stigmatization: Survivors of sexual abuse, and girls and women who have had to bear their abusers\u2019 children may be at risk of rejection from their communities and families. There may be a need for specific community sensitization to combat this problem, as well as efforts to empower survivors through inclusion in constructive socio-economic activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1303, "Sentence":"Amnesties may cover, for example, matters relating to having left the country of origin and having found refuge in another country, draft evasion and desertion, as well as the act of performing military service in unrecognized armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements amnesty may cover example matter relating left country origin found refuge another country draft evasion desertion well act performing military service unrecognized armed group ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.4. Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration of former combatants should be monitored and reported on by relevant agencies as part of a community\u00adfocused approach (i.e., including monitoring the rights of war\u00adaffected communities, returnees and IDPs, rather than singling out former combatants for preferential treatment). Relevant monitoring agencies include UN missions, UNHCHR, UNICEF and UNHCR. Human rights monitoring partnerships should also be established with relevant NGOs.In the case of an overlap in areas of return, UNHCR will usually have established a field office. As returnee family members of former combatants come within UNHCR\u2019s mandate, the agency should monitor both the rights and welfare of the family unit as a whole, and those of the receiving community. Such monitoring should also help to build confidence.What issues should be monitored? \\n Non-discrimination: Returned former combatants and their families\/other dependants should not be targeted for harassment, intimidation, extra-judicial punishment, violence, denial of fair access to public institutions or services, or be discriminated against in the enjoyment of any basic rights or services (e.g., health, education, shelter); \\n Amnesties and guarantees: Returned former combatants and their families should benefit from any amnesties in force for the population generally or for returnees specifically. Amnesties may cover, for example, matters relating to having left the country of origin and having found refuge in another country, draft evasion and desertion, as well as the act of performing military service in unrecognized armed groups. Amnesties for international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious violations of international humanitarian law, are not supported by the UN. Former combatants may legitimately be prosecuted for such crimes, but they must receive a fair trial in accordance with judicial procedures; \\n Respect for human rights: In common with all other citizens, the human rights and fundamental freedoms of former combatants and their families must be fully respected; 2.30 Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 31 5.40 \\n Access to land: Equitable access to land for settlement and agricultural use should be encouraged; \\n Property recovery: Land or other property that returned former combatants and their families may have lost or left behind should be restored to them. UN missions should support governments in setting up dispute resolution procedures on issues such as property recovery. The specific needs of women, including widows of former combatants, should be taken into account, particularly where traditional practices and laws discriminate against women\u2019s rights to own and inherit property; \\n Protection from landmines and unexploded ordnances: Main areas of return may be at risk from landmines and unexploded ordnances that have not yet been cleared. Awareness-raising, mine clearance and other efforts should therefore include all members of the community; \\n Protection from stigmatization: Survivors of sexual abuse, and girls and women who have had to bear their abusers\u2019 children may be at risk of rejection from their communities and families. There may be a need for specific community sensitization to combat this problem, as well as efforts to empower survivors through inclusion in constructive socio-economic activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1303, "Sentence":"Amnesties for international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious violations of international humanitarian law, are not supported by the UN.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements amnesty international crime genocide crime humanity war crime serious violation international humanitarian law supported un ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.4. Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration of former combatants should be monitored and reported on by relevant agencies as part of a community\u00adfocused approach (i.e., including monitoring the rights of war\u00adaffected communities, returnees and IDPs, rather than singling out former combatants for preferential treatment). Relevant monitoring agencies include UN missions, UNHCHR, UNICEF and UNHCR. Human rights monitoring partnerships should also be established with relevant NGOs.In the case of an overlap in areas of return, UNHCR will usually have established a field office. As returnee family members of former combatants come within UNHCR\u2019s mandate, the agency should monitor both the rights and welfare of the family unit as a whole, and those of the receiving community. Such monitoring should also help to build confidence.What issues should be monitored? \\n Non-discrimination: Returned former combatants and their families\/other dependants should not be targeted for harassment, intimidation, extra-judicial punishment, violence, denial of fair access to public institutions or services, or be discriminated against in the enjoyment of any basic rights or services (e.g., health, education, shelter); \\n Amnesties and guarantees: Returned former combatants and their families should benefit from any amnesties in force for the population generally or for returnees specifically. Amnesties may cover, for example, matters relating to having left the country of origin and having found refuge in another country, draft evasion and desertion, as well as the act of performing military service in unrecognized armed groups. Amnesties for international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious violations of international humanitarian law, are not supported by the UN. Former combatants may legitimately be prosecuted for such crimes, but they must receive a fair trial in accordance with judicial procedures; \\n Respect for human rights: In common with all other citizens, the human rights and fundamental freedoms of former combatants and their families must be fully respected; 2.30 Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 31 5.40 \\n Access to land: Equitable access to land for settlement and agricultural use should be encouraged; \\n Property recovery: Land or other property that returned former combatants and their families may have lost or left behind should be restored to them. UN missions should support governments in setting up dispute resolution procedures on issues such as property recovery. The specific needs of women, including widows of former combatants, should be taken into account, particularly where traditional practices and laws discriminate against women\u2019s rights to own and inherit property; \\n Protection from landmines and unexploded ordnances: Main areas of return may be at risk from landmines and unexploded ordnances that have not yet been cleared. Awareness-raising, mine clearance and other efforts should therefore include all members of the community; \\n Protection from stigmatization: Survivors of sexual abuse, and girls and women who have had to bear their abusers\u2019 children may be at risk of rejection from their communities and families. There may be a need for specific community sensitization to combat this problem, as well as efforts to empower survivors through inclusion in constructive socio-economic activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1303, "Sentence":"Former combatants may legitimately be prosecuted for such crimes, but they must receive a fair trial in accordance with judicial procedures; \\n Respect for human rights: In common with all other citizens, the human rights and fundamental freedoms of former combatants and their families must be fully respected; 2.30 Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 31 5.40 \\n Access to land: Equitable access to land for settlement and agricultural use should be encouraged; \\n Property recovery: Land or other property that returned former combatants and their families may have lost or left behind should be restored to them.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements former combatant may legitimately prosecuted crime must receive fair trial accordance judicial procedure n respect human right common citizen human right fundamental freedom former combatant family must fully respected 2.30 level 5 crosscutting issue crossborder population movement 31 5.40 n access land equitable access land settlement agricultural use encouraged n property recovery land property returned former combatant family may lost left behind restored ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.4. Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration of former combatants should be monitored and reported on by relevant agencies as part of a community\u00adfocused approach (i.e., including monitoring the rights of war\u00adaffected communities, returnees and IDPs, rather than singling out former combatants for preferential treatment). Relevant monitoring agencies include UN missions, UNHCHR, UNICEF and UNHCR. Human rights monitoring partnerships should also be established with relevant NGOs.In the case of an overlap in areas of return, UNHCR will usually have established a field office. As returnee family members of former combatants come within UNHCR\u2019s mandate, the agency should monitor both the rights and welfare of the family unit as a whole, and those of the receiving community. Such monitoring should also help to build confidence.What issues should be monitored? \\n Non-discrimination: Returned former combatants and their families\/other dependants should not be targeted for harassment, intimidation, extra-judicial punishment, violence, denial of fair access to public institutions or services, or be discriminated against in the enjoyment of any basic rights or services (e.g., health, education, shelter); \\n Amnesties and guarantees: Returned former combatants and their families should benefit from any amnesties in force for the population generally or for returnees specifically. Amnesties may cover, for example, matters relating to having left the country of origin and having found refuge in another country, draft evasion and desertion, as well as the act of performing military service in unrecognized armed groups. Amnesties for international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious violations of international humanitarian law, are not supported by the UN. Former combatants may legitimately be prosecuted for such crimes, but they must receive a fair trial in accordance with judicial procedures; \\n Respect for human rights: In common with all other citizens, the human rights and fundamental freedoms of former combatants and their families must be fully respected; 2.30 Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 31 5.40 \\n Access to land: Equitable access to land for settlement and agricultural use should be encouraged; \\n Property recovery: Land or other property that returned former combatants and their families may have lost or left behind should be restored to them. UN missions should support governments in setting up dispute resolution procedures on issues such as property recovery. The specific needs of women, including widows of former combatants, should be taken into account, particularly where traditional practices and laws discriminate against women\u2019s rights to own and inherit property; \\n Protection from landmines and unexploded ordnances: Main areas of return may be at risk from landmines and unexploded ordnances that have not yet been cleared. Awareness-raising, mine clearance and other efforts should therefore include all members of the community; \\n Protection from stigmatization: Survivors of sexual abuse, and girls and women who have had to bear their abusers\u2019 children may be at risk of rejection from their communities and families. There may be a need for specific community sensitization to combat this problem, as well as efforts to empower survivors through inclusion in constructive socio-economic activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1303, "Sentence":"UN missions should support governments in setting up dispute resolution procedures on issues such as property recovery.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements un mission support government setting dispute resolution procedure issue property recovery ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.4. Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration of former combatants should be monitored and reported on by relevant agencies as part of a community\u00adfocused approach (i.e., including monitoring the rights of war\u00adaffected communities, returnees and IDPs, rather than singling out former combatants for preferential treatment). Relevant monitoring agencies include UN missions, UNHCHR, UNICEF and UNHCR. Human rights monitoring partnerships should also be established with relevant NGOs.In the case of an overlap in areas of return, UNHCR will usually have established a field office. As returnee family members of former combatants come within UNHCR\u2019s mandate, the agency should monitor both the rights and welfare of the family unit as a whole, and those of the receiving community. Such monitoring should also help to build confidence.What issues should be monitored? \\n Non-discrimination: Returned former combatants and their families\/other dependants should not be targeted for harassment, intimidation, extra-judicial punishment, violence, denial of fair access to public institutions or services, or be discriminated against in the enjoyment of any basic rights or services (e.g., health, education, shelter); \\n Amnesties and guarantees: Returned former combatants and their families should benefit from any amnesties in force for the population generally or for returnees specifically. Amnesties may cover, for example, matters relating to having left the country of origin and having found refuge in another country, draft evasion and desertion, as well as the act of performing military service in unrecognized armed groups. Amnesties for international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious violations of international humanitarian law, are not supported by the UN. Former combatants may legitimately be prosecuted for such crimes, but they must receive a fair trial in accordance with judicial procedures; \\n Respect for human rights: In common with all other citizens, the human rights and fundamental freedoms of former combatants and their families must be fully respected; 2.30 Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 31 5.40 \\n Access to land: Equitable access to land for settlement and agricultural use should be encouraged; \\n Property recovery: Land or other property that returned former combatants and their families may have lost or left behind should be restored to them. UN missions should support governments in setting up dispute resolution procedures on issues such as property recovery. The specific needs of women, including widows of former combatants, should be taken into account, particularly where traditional practices and laws discriminate against women\u2019s rights to own and inherit property; \\n Protection from landmines and unexploded ordnances: Main areas of return may be at risk from landmines and unexploded ordnances that have not yet been cleared. Awareness-raising, mine clearance and other efforts should therefore include all members of the community; \\n Protection from stigmatization: Survivors of sexual abuse, and girls and women who have had to bear their abusers\u2019 children may be at risk of rejection from their communities and families. There may be a need for specific community sensitization to combat this problem, as well as efforts to empower survivors through inclusion in constructive socio-economic activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1303, "Sentence":"The specific needs of women, including widows of former combatants, should be taken into account, particularly where traditional practices and laws discriminate against women\u2019s rights to own and inherit property; \\n Protection from landmines and unexploded ordnances: Main areas of return may be at risk from landmines and unexploded ordnances that have not yet been cleared.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements specific need woman including widow former combatant taken account particularly traditional practice law discriminate woman \u2019 right inherit property n protection landmines unexploded ordnance main area return may risk landmines unexploded ordnance yet cleared ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.4. Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration of former combatants should be monitored and reported on by relevant agencies as part of a community\u00adfocused approach (i.e., including monitoring the rights of war\u00adaffected communities, returnees and IDPs, rather than singling out former combatants for preferential treatment). Relevant monitoring agencies include UN missions, UNHCHR, UNICEF and UNHCR. Human rights monitoring partnerships should also be established with relevant NGOs.In the case of an overlap in areas of return, UNHCR will usually have established a field office. As returnee family members of former combatants come within UNHCR\u2019s mandate, the agency should monitor both the rights and welfare of the family unit as a whole, and those of the receiving community. Such monitoring should also help to build confidence.What issues should be monitored? \\n Non-discrimination: Returned former combatants and their families\/other dependants should not be targeted for harassment, intimidation, extra-judicial punishment, violence, denial of fair access to public institutions or services, or be discriminated against in the enjoyment of any basic rights or services (e.g., health, education, shelter); \\n Amnesties and guarantees: Returned former combatants and their families should benefit from any amnesties in force for the population generally or for returnees specifically. Amnesties may cover, for example, matters relating to having left the country of origin and having found refuge in another country, draft evasion and desertion, as well as the act of performing military service in unrecognized armed groups. Amnesties for international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious violations of international humanitarian law, are not supported by the UN. Former combatants may legitimately be prosecuted for such crimes, but they must receive a fair trial in accordance with judicial procedures; \\n Respect for human rights: In common with all other citizens, the human rights and fundamental freedoms of former combatants and their families must be fully respected; 2.30 Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 31 5.40 \\n Access to land: Equitable access to land for settlement and agricultural use should be encouraged; \\n Property recovery: Land or other property that returned former combatants and their families may have lost or left behind should be restored to them. UN missions should support governments in setting up dispute resolution procedures on issues such as property recovery. The specific needs of women, including widows of former combatants, should be taken into account, particularly where traditional practices and laws discriminate against women\u2019s rights to own and inherit property; \\n Protection from landmines and unexploded ordnances: Main areas of return may be at risk from landmines and unexploded ordnances that have not yet been cleared. Awareness-raising, mine clearance and other efforts should therefore include all members of the community; \\n Protection from stigmatization: Survivors of sexual abuse, and girls and women who have had to bear their abusers\u2019 children may be at risk of rejection from their communities and families. There may be a need for specific community sensitization to combat this problem, as well as efforts to empower survivors through inclusion in constructive socio-economic activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1303, "Sentence":"Awareness-raising, mine clearance and other efforts should therefore include all members of the community; \\n Protection from stigmatization: Survivors of sexual abuse, and girls and women who have had to bear their abusers\u2019 children may be at risk of rejection from their communities and families.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements awarenessraising mine clearance effort therefore include member community n protection stigmatization survivor sexual abuse girl woman bear abuser \u2019 child may risk rejection community family ." }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"12. Foreign combatants and DDR issues upon return to the country of origin", "Heading2":"12.4. Monitoring", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"The disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation and reintegration of former combatants should be monitored and reported on by relevant agencies as part of a community\u00adfocused approach (i.e., including monitoring the rights of war\u00adaffected communities, returnees and IDPs, rather than singling out former combatants for preferential treatment). Relevant monitoring agencies include UN missions, UNHCHR, UNICEF and UNHCR. Human rights monitoring partnerships should also be established with relevant NGOs.In the case of an overlap in areas of return, UNHCR will usually have established a field office. As returnee family members of former combatants come within UNHCR\u2019s mandate, the agency should monitor both the rights and welfare of the family unit as a whole, and those of the receiving community. Such monitoring should also help to build confidence.What issues should be monitored? \\n Non-discrimination: Returned former combatants and their families\/other dependants should not be targeted for harassment, intimidation, extra-judicial punishment, violence, denial of fair access to public institutions or services, or be discriminated against in the enjoyment of any basic rights or services (e.g., health, education, shelter); \\n Amnesties and guarantees: Returned former combatants and their families should benefit from any amnesties in force for the population generally or for returnees specifically. Amnesties may cover, for example, matters relating to having left the country of origin and having found refuge in another country, draft evasion and desertion, as well as the act of performing military service in unrecognized armed groups. Amnesties for international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious violations of international humanitarian law, are not supported by the UN. Former combatants may legitimately be prosecuted for such crimes, but they must receive a fair trial in accordance with judicial procedures; \\n Respect for human rights: In common with all other citizens, the human rights and fundamental freedoms of former combatants and their families must be fully respected; 2.30 Level 5 Cross-cutting Issues Cross-border Population Movements 31 5.40 \\n Access to land: Equitable access to land for settlement and agricultural use should be encouraged; \\n Property recovery: Land or other property that returned former combatants and their families may have lost or left behind should be restored to them. UN missions should support governments in setting up dispute resolution procedures on issues such as property recovery. The specific needs of women, including widows of former combatants, should be taken into account, particularly where traditional practices and laws discriminate against women\u2019s rights to own and inherit property; \\n Protection from landmines and unexploded ordnances: Main areas of return may be at risk from landmines and unexploded ordnances that have not yet been cleared. Awareness-raising, mine clearance and other efforts should therefore include all members of the community; \\n Protection from stigmatization: Survivors of sexual abuse, and girls and women who have had to bear their abusers\u2019 children may be at risk of rejection from their communities and families. There may be a need for specific community sensitization to combat this problem, as well as efforts to empower survivors through inclusion in constructive socio-economic activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1303, "Sentence":"There may be a need for specific community sensitization to combat this problem, as well as efforts to empower survivors through inclusion in constructive socio-economic activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements may need specific community sensitization combat problem well effort empower survivor inclusion constructive socioeconomic activity ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.1. Refugee status", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Foreign combatants should not be included in the prima facie awarding of refugee status to large groups of refugees, as asylum should be granted to civilians only. UNHCR recom\u00ad mends that where active or former combatants may be mixed in with refugees in population influxes, host countries should declare that prima facie recognition of refugee status does not apply to either group.After a reasonable period of time has been allowed to confirm that former combatants have genuinely renounced armed\/military activities, UNHCR will support governments of host countries by helping to determine the refugee status (or helping governments to determine the refugee status) of former combatants who refuse to repatriate and instead ask for international protection. These assessments should carefully take into account the \u2018excludability\u2019 of such individuals from international protection as provided by article 1 F of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1304, "Sentence":"Foreign combatants should not be included in the prima facie awarding of refugee status to large groups of refugees, as asylum should be granted to civilians only.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements foreign combatant included prima facie awarding refugee status large group refugee asylum granted civilian ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.1. Refugee status", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Foreign combatants should not be included in the prima facie awarding of refugee status to large groups of refugees, as asylum should be granted to civilians only. UNHCR recom\u00ad mends that where active or former combatants may be mixed in with refugees in population influxes, host countries should declare that prima facie recognition of refugee status does not apply to either group.After a reasonable period of time has been allowed to confirm that former combatants have genuinely renounced armed\/military activities, UNHCR will support governments of host countries by helping to determine the refugee status (or helping governments to determine the refugee status) of former combatants who refuse to repatriate and instead ask for international protection. These assessments should carefully take into account the \u2018excludability\u2019 of such individuals from international protection as provided by article 1 F of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1304, "Sentence":"UNHCR recom\u00ad mends that where active or former combatants may be mixed in with refugees in population influxes, host countries should declare that prima facie recognition of refugee status does not apply to either group.After a reasonable period of time has been allowed to confirm that former combatants have genuinely renounced armed\/military activities, UNHCR will support governments of host countries by helping to determine the refugee status (or helping governments to determine the refugee status) of former combatants who refuse to repatriate and instead ask for international protection.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements unhcr recom\u00ad mend active former combatant may mixed refugee population influx host country declare prima facie recognition refugee status apply either group.after reasonable period time allowed confirm former combatant genuinely renounced armed\/military activity unhcr support government host country helping determine refugee status helping government determine refugee status former combatant refuse repatriate instead ask international protection ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.1. Refugee status", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Foreign combatants should not be included in the prima facie awarding of refugee status to large groups of refugees, as asylum should be granted to civilians only. UNHCR recom\u00ad mends that where active or former combatants may be mixed in with refugees in population influxes, host countries should declare that prima facie recognition of refugee status does not apply to either group.After a reasonable period of time has been allowed to confirm that former combatants have genuinely renounced armed\/military activities, UNHCR will support governments of host countries by helping to determine the refugee status (or helping governments to determine the refugee status) of former combatants who refuse to repatriate and instead ask for international protection. These assessments should carefully take into account the \u2018excludability\u2019 of such individuals from international protection as provided by article 1 F of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1304, "Sentence":"These assessments should carefully take into account the \u2018excludability\u2019 of such individuals from international protection as provided by article 1 F of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements assessment carefully take account \u2018 excludability \u2019 individual international protection provided article 1 f 1951 convention relating status refugee 1967 protocol ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.2. Sustainable plans for the future", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Determining refugee status must be linked to making sustainable long\u00adterm future plans for former combatants. These could be: \\n\\n Repatriation: Voluntary, safe and dignified repatriation to the country of origin at the end of the conflict or other event that gave rise to refugee claims is considered the best response for most population influxes; \\n\\n Local integration: For former combatants who are protected as refugees and therefore cannot be repatriated, the best option will be local integration, since options for third\u00ad country resettlement are likely to be limited. UNHCR negotiates with countries of asylum for local integration, and this process should be supported by UN missions and agencies. Local integration involves: \\n Legal processes: Refugees are granted an increasingly wider range of rights and entitlements identical to those enjoyed by other citizens, e.g., freedom of move\u00ad ment; family reunification in the country of asylum; access to education, the labour market, public relief and assistance, including health facilities; the possibility of acquiring and disposing of property; and the capacity to travel out of and return to the country of asylum with valid travel and identity documents. This process should gradually lead to permanent residence rights and the option to apply for citizenship in accordance with national laws; \\n Economic processes: Refugees become increasingly less reliant on humanitarian assistance or State aid, achieving a growing degree of self\u00adreliance and having permanent jobs, thus contributing to the economic life of the host country; \\n Social and cultural processes: These are interactive processes involving refugees feeling more and more at home in their new country, and local communities accept\u00ad ing their presence with greater ease, which allow refugees to live among the host population without fear of discrimination and contribute actively to the social life of their country of asylum; \\n\\n Resettlement: Third\u00adcountry resettlement may be appropriate for certain refugees who were formerly combatants, e.g., where the refugee has protection needs that cannot be met in the country of asylum, is unlikely to integrate into the host country, etc. However, despite UNHCR advocacy for assistance from the international community, it is often difficult to find resettlement opportunities for refugees who were former combatants. Some resettlement countries do not take former combatants, with sometimes varying definitions of what exactly a former combatant is. Therefore, resettlement to a third coun\u00ad try is unlikely to be a viable option for large numbers of former combatants, although it may be a solution in individual cases. The fact that very few countries take former com\u00ad batants could be used to encourage the host country to accept them for local integration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1305, "Sentence":"Determining refugee status must be linked to making sustainable long\u00adterm future plans for former combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements determining refugee status must linked making sustainable long\u00adterm future plan former combatant ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.2. Sustainable plans for the future", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Determining refugee status must be linked to making sustainable long\u00adterm future plans for former combatants. These could be: \\n\\n Repatriation: Voluntary, safe and dignified repatriation to the country of origin at the end of the conflict or other event that gave rise to refugee claims is considered the best response for most population influxes; \\n\\n Local integration: For former combatants who are protected as refugees and therefore cannot be repatriated, the best option will be local integration, since options for third\u00ad country resettlement are likely to be limited. UNHCR negotiates with countries of asylum for local integration, and this process should be supported by UN missions and agencies. Local integration involves: \\n Legal processes: Refugees are granted an increasingly wider range of rights and entitlements identical to those enjoyed by other citizens, e.g., freedom of move\u00ad ment; family reunification in the country of asylum; access to education, the labour market, public relief and assistance, including health facilities; the possibility of acquiring and disposing of property; and the capacity to travel out of and return to the country of asylum with valid travel and identity documents. This process should gradually lead to permanent residence rights and the option to apply for citizenship in accordance with national laws; \\n Economic processes: Refugees become increasingly less reliant on humanitarian assistance or State aid, achieving a growing degree of self\u00adreliance and having permanent jobs, thus contributing to the economic life of the host country; \\n Social and cultural processes: These are interactive processes involving refugees feeling more and more at home in their new country, and local communities accept\u00ad ing their presence with greater ease, which allow refugees to live among the host population without fear of discrimination and contribute actively to the social life of their country of asylum; \\n\\n Resettlement: Third\u00adcountry resettlement may be appropriate for certain refugees who were formerly combatants, e.g., where the refugee has protection needs that cannot be met in the country of asylum, is unlikely to integrate into the host country, etc. However, despite UNHCR advocacy for assistance from the international community, it is often difficult to find resettlement opportunities for refugees who were former combatants. Some resettlement countries do not take former combatants, with sometimes varying definitions of what exactly a former combatant is. Therefore, resettlement to a third coun\u00ad try is unlikely to be a viable option for large numbers of former combatants, although it may be a solution in individual cases. The fact that very few countries take former com\u00ad batants could be used to encourage the host country to accept them for local integration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1305, "Sentence":"These could be: \\n\\n Repatriation: Voluntary, safe and dignified repatriation to the country of origin at the end of the conflict or other event that gave rise to refugee claims is considered the best response for most population influxes; \\n\\n Local integration: For former combatants who are protected as refugees and therefore cannot be repatriated, the best option will be local integration, since options for third\u00ad country resettlement are likely to be limited.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements could nn repatriation voluntary safe dignified repatriation country origin end conflict event gave rise refugee claim considered best response population influx nn local integration former combatant protected refugee therefore repatriated best option local integration since option third\u00ad country resettlement likely limited ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.2. Sustainable plans for the future", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Determining refugee status must be linked to making sustainable long\u00adterm future plans for former combatants. These could be: \\n\\n Repatriation: Voluntary, safe and dignified repatriation to the country of origin at the end of the conflict or other event that gave rise to refugee claims is considered the best response for most population influxes; \\n\\n Local integration: For former combatants who are protected as refugees and therefore cannot be repatriated, the best option will be local integration, since options for third\u00ad country resettlement are likely to be limited. UNHCR negotiates with countries of asylum for local integration, and this process should be supported by UN missions and agencies. Local integration involves: \\n Legal processes: Refugees are granted an increasingly wider range of rights and entitlements identical to those enjoyed by other citizens, e.g., freedom of move\u00ad ment; family reunification in the country of asylum; access to education, the labour market, public relief and assistance, including health facilities; the possibility of acquiring and disposing of property; and the capacity to travel out of and return to the country of asylum with valid travel and identity documents. This process should gradually lead to permanent residence rights and the option to apply for citizenship in accordance with national laws; \\n Economic processes: Refugees become increasingly less reliant on humanitarian assistance or State aid, achieving a growing degree of self\u00adreliance and having permanent jobs, thus contributing to the economic life of the host country; \\n Social and cultural processes: These are interactive processes involving refugees feeling more and more at home in their new country, and local communities accept\u00ad ing their presence with greater ease, which allow refugees to live among the host population without fear of discrimination and contribute actively to the social life of their country of asylum; \\n\\n Resettlement: Third\u00adcountry resettlement may be appropriate for certain refugees who were formerly combatants, e.g., where the refugee has protection needs that cannot be met in the country of asylum, is unlikely to integrate into the host country, etc. However, despite UNHCR advocacy for assistance from the international community, it is often difficult to find resettlement opportunities for refugees who were former combatants. Some resettlement countries do not take former combatants, with sometimes varying definitions of what exactly a former combatant is. Therefore, resettlement to a third coun\u00ad try is unlikely to be a viable option for large numbers of former combatants, although it may be a solution in individual cases. The fact that very few countries take former com\u00ad batants could be used to encourage the host country to accept them for local integration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1305, "Sentence":"UNHCR negotiates with countries of asylum for local integration, and this process should be supported by UN missions and agencies.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements unhcr negotiates country asylum local integration process supported un mission agency ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.2. Sustainable plans for the future", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Determining refugee status must be linked to making sustainable long\u00adterm future plans for former combatants. These could be: \\n\\n Repatriation: Voluntary, safe and dignified repatriation to the country of origin at the end of the conflict or other event that gave rise to refugee claims is considered the best response for most population influxes; \\n\\n Local integration: For former combatants who are protected as refugees and therefore cannot be repatriated, the best option will be local integration, since options for third\u00ad country resettlement are likely to be limited. UNHCR negotiates with countries of asylum for local integration, and this process should be supported by UN missions and agencies. Local integration involves: \\n Legal processes: Refugees are granted an increasingly wider range of rights and entitlements identical to those enjoyed by other citizens, e.g., freedom of move\u00ad ment; family reunification in the country of asylum; access to education, the labour market, public relief and assistance, including health facilities; the possibility of acquiring and disposing of property; and the capacity to travel out of and return to the country of asylum with valid travel and identity documents. This process should gradually lead to permanent residence rights and the option to apply for citizenship in accordance with national laws; \\n Economic processes: Refugees become increasingly less reliant on humanitarian assistance or State aid, achieving a growing degree of self\u00adreliance and having permanent jobs, thus contributing to the economic life of the host country; \\n Social and cultural processes: These are interactive processes involving refugees feeling more and more at home in their new country, and local communities accept\u00ad ing their presence with greater ease, which allow refugees to live among the host population without fear of discrimination and contribute actively to the social life of their country of asylum; \\n\\n Resettlement: Third\u00adcountry resettlement may be appropriate for certain refugees who were formerly combatants, e.g., where the refugee has protection needs that cannot be met in the country of asylum, is unlikely to integrate into the host country, etc. However, despite UNHCR advocacy for assistance from the international community, it is often difficult to find resettlement opportunities for refugees who were former combatants. Some resettlement countries do not take former combatants, with sometimes varying definitions of what exactly a former combatant is. Therefore, resettlement to a third coun\u00ad try is unlikely to be a viable option for large numbers of former combatants, although it may be a solution in individual cases. The fact that very few countries take former com\u00ad batants could be used to encourage the host country to accept them for local integration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1305, "Sentence":"Local integration involves: \\n Legal processes: Refugees are granted an increasingly wider range of rights and entitlements identical to those enjoyed by other citizens, e.g., freedom of move\u00ad ment; family reunification in the country of asylum; access to education, the labour market, public relief and assistance, including health facilities; the possibility of acquiring and disposing of property; and the capacity to travel out of and return to the country of asylum with valid travel and identity documents.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements local integration involves n legal process refugee granted increasingly wider range right entitlement identical enjoyed citizen e.g . freedom move\u00ad ment family reunification country asylum access education labour market public relief assistance including health facility possibility acquiring disposing property capacity travel return country asylum valid travel identity document ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.2. Sustainable plans for the future", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Determining refugee status must be linked to making sustainable long\u00adterm future plans for former combatants. These could be: \\n\\n Repatriation: Voluntary, safe and dignified repatriation to the country of origin at the end of the conflict or other event that gave rise to refugee claims is considered the best response for most population influxes; \\n\\n Local integration: For former combatants who are protected as refugees and therefore cannot be repatriated, the best option will be local integration, since options for third\u00ad country resettlement are likely to be limited. UNHCR negotiates with countries of asylum for local integration, and this process should be supported by UN missions and agencies. Local integration involves: \\n Legal processes: Refugees are granted an increasingly wider range of rights and entitlements identical to those enjoyed by other citizens, e.g., freedom of move\u00ad ment; family reunification in the country of asylum; access to education, the labour market, public relief and assistance, including health facilities; the possibility of acquiring and disposing of property; and the capacity to travel out of and return to the country of asylum with valid travel and identity documents. This process should gradually lead to permanent residence rights and the option to apply for citizenship in accordance with national laws; \\n Economic processes: Refugees become increasingly less reliant on humanitarian assistance or State aid, achieving a growing degree of self\u00adreliance and having permanent jobs, thus contributing to the economic life of the host country; \\n Social and cultural processes: These are interactive processes involving refugees feeling more and more at home in their new country, and local communities accept\u00ad ing their presence with greater ease, which allow refugees to live among the host population without fear of discrimination and contribute actively to the social life of their country of asylum; \\n\\n Resettlement: Third\u00adcountry resettlement may be appropriate for certain refugees who were formerly combatants, e.g., where the refugee has protection needs that cannot be met in the country of asylum, is unlikely to integrate into the host country, etc. However, despite UNHCR advocacy for assistance from the international community, it is often difficult to find resettlement opportunities for refugees who were former combatants. Some resettlement countries do not take former combatants, with sometimes varying definitions of what exactly a former combatant is. Therefore, resettlement to a third coun\u00ad try is unlikely to be a viable option for large numbers of former combatants, although it may be a solution in individual cases. The fact that very few countries take former com\u00ad batants could be used to encourage the host country to accept them for local integration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1305, "Sentence":"This process should gradually lead to permanent residence rights and the option to apply for citizenship in accordance with national laws; \\n Economic processes: Refugees become increasingly less reliant on humanitarian assistance or State aid, achieving a growing degree of self\u00adreliance and having permanent jobs, thus contributing to the economic life of the host country; \\n Social and cultural processes: These are interactive processes involving refugees feeling more and more at home in their new country, and local communities accept\u00ad ing their presence with greater ease, which allow refugees to live among the host population without fear of discrimination and contribute actively to the social life of their country of asylum; \\n\\n Resettlement: Third\u00adcountry resettlement may be appropriate for certain refugees who were formerly combatants, e.g., where the refugee has protection needs that cannot be met in the country of asylum, is unlikely to integrate into the host country, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements process gradually lead permanent residence right option apply citizenship accordance national law n economic process refugee become increasingly le reliant humanitarian assistance state aid achieving growing degree self\u00adreliance permanent job thus contributing economic life host country n social cultural process interactive process involving refugee feeling home new country local community accept\u00ad ing presence greater ease allow refugee live among host population without fear discrimination contribute actively social life country asylum nn resettlement third\u00adcountry resettlement may appropriate certain refugee formerly combatant e.g . refugee protection need met country asylum unlikely integrate host country etc ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.2. Sustainable plans for the future", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Determining refugee status must be linked to making sustainable long\u00adterm future plans for former combatants. These could be: \\n\\n Repatriation: Voluntary, safe and dignified repatriation to the country of origin at the end of the conflict or other event that gave rise to refugee claims is considered the best response for most population influxes; \\n\\n Local integration: For former combatants who are protected as refugees and therefore cannot be repatriated, the best option will be local integration, since options for third\u00ad country resettlement are likely to be limited. UNHCR negotiates with countries of asylum for local integration, and this process should be supported by UN missions and agencies. Local integration involves: \\n Legal processes: Refugees are granted an increasingly wider range of rights and entitlements identical to those enjoyed by other citizens, e.g., freedom of move\u00ad ment; family reunification in the country of asylum; access to education, the labour market, public relief and assistance, including health facilities; the possibility of acquiring and disposing of property; and the capacity to travel out of and return to the country of asylum with valid travel and identity documents. This process should gradually lead to permanent residence rights and the option to apply for citizenship in accordance with national laws; \\n Economic processes: Refugees become increasingly less reliant on humanitarian assistance or State aid, achieving a growing degree of self\u00adreliance and having permanent jobs, thus contributing to the economic life of the host country; \\n Social and cultural processes: These are interactive processes involving refugees feeling more and more at home in their new country, and local communities accept\u00ad ing their presence with greater ease, which allow refugees to live among the host population without fear of discrimination and contribute actively to the social life of their country of asylum; \\n\\n Resettlement: Third\u00adcountry resettlement may be appropriate for certain refugees who were formerly combatants, e.g., where the refugee has protection needs that cannot be met in the country of asylum, is unlikely to integrate into the host country, etc. However, despite UNHCR advocacy for assistance from the international community, it is often difficult to find resettlement opportunities for refugees who were former combatants. Some resettlement countries do not take former combatants, with sometimes varying definitions of what exactly a former combatant is. Therefore, resettlement to a third coun\u00ad try is unlikely to be a viable option for large numbers of former combatants, although it may be a solution in individual cases. The fact that very few countries take former com\u00ad batants could be used to encourage the host country to accept them for local integration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1305, "Sentence":"However, despite UNHCR advocacy for assistance from the international community, it is often difficult to find resettlement opportunities for refugees who were former combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements however despite unhcr advocacy assistance international community often difficult find resettlement opportunity refugee former combatant ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.2. Sustainable plans for the future", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Determining refugee status must be linked to making sustainable long\u00adterm future plans for former combatants. These could be: \\n\\n Repatriation: Voluntary, safe and dignified repatriation to the country of origin at the end of the conflict or other event that gave rise to refugee claims is considered the best response for most population influxes; \\n\\n Local integration: For former combatants who are protected as refugees and therefore cannot be repatriated, the best option will be local integration, since options for third\u00ad country resettlement are likely to be limited. UNHCR negotiates with countries of asylum for local integration, and this process should be supported by UN missions and agencies. Local integration involves: \\n Legal processes: Refugees are granted an increasingly wider range of rights and entitlements identical to those enjoyed by other citizens, e.g., freedom of move\u00ad ment; family reunification in the country of asylum; access to education, the labour market, public relief and assistance, including health facilities; the possibility of acquiring and disposing of property; and the capacity to travel out of and return to the country of asylum with valid travel and identity documents. This process should gradually lead to permanent residence rights and the option to apply for citizenship in accordance with national laws; \\n Economic processes: Refugees become increasingly less reliant on humanitarian assistance or State aid, achieving a growing degree of self\u00adreliance and having permanent jobs, thus contributing to the economic life of the host country; \\n Social and cultural processes: These are interactive processes involving refugees feeling more and more at home in their new country, and local communities accept\u00ad ing their presence with greater ease, which allow refugees to live among the host population without fear of discrimination and contribute actively to the social life of their country of asylum; \\n\\n Resettlement: Third\u00adcountry resettlement may be appropriate for certain refugees who were formerly combatants, e.g., where the refugee has protection needs that cannot be met in the country of asylum, is unlikely to integrate into the host country, etc. However, despite UNHCR advocacy for assistance from the international community, it is often difficult to find resettlement opportunities for refugees who were former combatants. Some resettlement countries do not take former combatants, with sometimes varying definitions of what exactly a former combatant is. Therefore, resettlement to a third coun\u00ad try is unlikely to be a viable option for large numbers of former combatants, although it may be a solution in individual cases. The fact that very few countries take former com\u00ad batants could be used to encourage the host country to accept them for local integration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1305, "Sentence":"Some resettlement countries do not take former combatants, with sometimes varying definitions of what exactly a former combatant is.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements resettlement country take former combatant sometimes varying definition exactly former combatant ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.2. Sustainable plans for the future", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Determining refugee status must be linked to making sustainable long\u00adterm future plans for former combatants. These could be: \\n\\n Repatriation: Voluntary, safe and dignified repatriation to the country of origin at the end of the conflict or other event that gave rise to refugee claims is considered the best response for most population influxes; \\n\\n Local integration: For former combatants who are protected as refugees and therefore cannot be repatriated, the best option will be local integration, since options for third\u00ad country resettlement are likely to be limited. UNHCR negotiates with countries of asylum for local integration, and this process should be supported by UN missions and agencies. Local integration involves: \\n Legal processes: Refugees are granted an increasingly wider range of rights and entitlements identical to those enjoyed by other citizens, e.g., freedom of move\u00ad ment; family reunification in the country of asylum; access to education, the labour market, public relief and assistance, including health facilities; the possibility of acquiring and disposing of property; and the capacity to travel out of and return to the country of asylum with valid travel and identity documents. This process should gradually lead to permanent residence rights and the option to apply for citizenship in accordance with national laws; \\n Economic processes: Refugees become increasingly less reliant on humanitarian assistance or State aid, achieving a growing degree of self\u00adreliance and having permanent jobs, thus contributing to the economic life of the host country; \\n Social and cultural processes: These are interactive processes involving refugees feeling more and more at home in their new country, and local communities accept\u00ad ing their presence with greater ease, which allow refugees to live among the host population without fear of discrimination and contribute actively to the social life of their country of asylum; \\n\\n Resettlement: Third\u00adcountry resettlement may be appropriate for certain refugees who were formerly combatants, e.g., where the refugee has protection needs that cannot be met in the country of asylum, is unlikely to integrate into the host country, etc. However, despite UNHCR advocacy for assistance from the international community, it is often difficult to find resettlement opportunities for refugees who were former combatants. Some resettlement countries do not take former combatants, with sometimes varying definitions of what exactly a former combatant is. Therefore, resettlement to a third coun\u00ad try is unlikely to be a viable option for large numbers of former combatants, although it may be a solution in individual cases. The fact that very few countries take former com\u00ad batants could be used to encourage the host country to accept them for local integration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1305, "Sentence":"Therefore, resettlement to a third coun\u00ad try is unlikely to be a viable option for large numbers of former combatants, although it may be a solution in individual cases.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements therefore resettlement third coun\u00ad try unlikely viable option large number former combatant although may solution individual case ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.2. Sustainable plans for the future", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Determining refugee status must be linked to making sustainable long\u00adterm future plans for former combatants. These could be: \\n\\n Repatriation: Voluntary, safe and dignified repatriation to the country of origin at the end of the conflict or other event that gave rise to refugee claims is considered the best response for most population influxes; \\n\\n Local integration: For former combatants who are protected as refugees and therefore cannot be repatriated, the best option will be local integration, since options for third\u00ad country resettlement are likely to be limited. UNHCR negotiates with countries of asylum for local integration, and this process should be supported by UN missions and agencies. Local integration involves: \\n Legal processes: Refugees are granted an increasingly wider range of rights and entitlements identical to those enjoyed by other citizens, e.g., freedom of move\u00ad ment; family reunification in the country of asylum; access to education, the labour market, public relief and assistance, including health facilities; the possibility of acquiring and disposing of property; and the capacity to travel out of and return to the country of asylum with valid travel and identity documents. This process should gradually lead to permanent residence rights and the option to apply for citizenship in accordance with national laws; \\n Economic processes: Refugees become increasingly less reliant on humanitarian assistance or State aid, achieving a growing degree of self\u00adreliance and having permanent jobs, thus contributing to the economic life of the host country; \\n Social and cultural processes: These are interactive processes involving refugees feeling more and more at home in their new country, and local communities accept\u00ad ing their presence with greater ease, which allow refugees to live among the host population without fear of discrimination and contribute actively to the social life of their country of asylum; \\n\\n Resettlement: Third\u00adcountry resettlement may be appropriate for certain refugees who were formerly combatants, e.g., where the refugee has protection needs that cannot be met in the country of asylum, is unlikely to integrate into the host country, etc. However, despite UNHCR advocacy for assistance from the international community, it is often difficult to find resettlement opportunities for refugees who were former combatants. Some resettlement countries do not take former combatants, with sometimes varying definitions of what exactly a former combatant is. Therefore, resettlement to a third coun\u00ad try is unlikely to be a viable option for large numbers of former combatants, although it may be a solution in individual cases. The fact that very few countries take former com\u00ad batants could be used to encourage the host country to accept them for local integration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1305, "Sentence":"The fact that very few countries take former com\u00ad batants could be used to encourage the host country to accept them for local integration.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements fact country take former com\u00ad batants could used encourage host country accept local integration ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.1. Timing and sequence of applications for refugee status", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"UNHCR recommends that applications for refugee status by former combatants should not be encouraged in the early stages of influxes into the host country, because it is not practical to determine individual refugee status when large numbers of people have to be processed. The timing of applications for refugee status will be one of the factors that decide what will eventually happen to refugees in the long term, e.g., voluntary repatriation is more likely to be a viable option at the end of the conflict.Where a peace process is under way or is in sight and therefore voluntary repatriation is feasible in the foreseeable future, the refugee status should be determined after repatria\u00ad tion operations have been completed for former combatants who wish to return at the end of the conflict. Former combatants who are afraid to return to the country of origin must be given the option of applying for refugee status instead of being repatriated against their will.Where voluntary repatriation is not yet feasible because of unsafe conditions in the coun\u00adtry of origin, the determination of refugee status should preferably be conducted only after a meaningful DDR process in the host country, in order to ensure that former combatants applying for refugee status have achieved civilian status through demobilization, rehabilita\u00ad tion and reintegration initiatives in the host country.In order to determine whether former combatants have genuinely given up armed activities, there should be a reasonable period of time between an individual laying down arms and being considered for refugee status. This \u2018cooling\u00adoff period\u2019, during which former combatants will be monitored to ensure that they really have given up military activities, will vary depending on the local circumstances, but should not be too long \u2014 generally only a matter of months. The length of the waiting period could be decided according to the profile of the former combatants, either individually or as a group (e.g., length of service, rank and position, type of recruitment ([orced or voluntary], whether there are addictions, family situation, etc.), and the nature of the armed conflict in which they have been involved (duration, intensity, whether there were human rights violations, etc.). Determining the refugee status of children associated with armed forces and groups who have applied for refugee status shall be done as quickly as possible. Determining the refugee status of other vulnerable persons can also be done quickly, such as disabled former combatants whose disabilities prevent them from further participating in military activities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1306, "Sentence":"UNHCR recommends that applications for refugee status by former combatants should not be encouraged in the early stages of influxes into the host country, because it is not practical to determine individual refugee status when large numbers of people have to be processed.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements unhcr recommends application refugee status former combatant encouraged early stage influx host country practical determine individual refugee status large number people processed ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.1. Timing and sequence of applications for refugee status", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"UNHCR recommends that applications for refugee status by former combatants should not be encouraged in the early stages of influxes into the host country, because it is not practical to determine individual refugee status when large numbers of people have to be processed. The timing of applications for refugee status will be one of the factors that decide what will eventually happen to refugees in the long term, e.g., voluntary repatriation is more likely to be a viable option at the end of the conflict.Where a peace process is under way or is in sight and therefore voluntary repatriation is feasible in the foreseeable future, the refugee status should be determined after repatria\u00ad tion operations have been completed for former combatants who wish to return at the end of the conflict. Former combatants who are afraid to return to the country of origin must be given the option of applying for refugee status instead of being repatriated against their will.Where voluntary repatriation is not yet feasible because of unsafe conditions in the coun\u00adtry of origin, the determination of refugee status should preferably be conducted only after a meaningful DDR process in the host country, in order to ensure that former combatants applying for refugee status have achieved civilian status through demobilization, rehabilita\u00ad tion and reintegration initiatives in the host country.In order to determine whether former combatants have genuinely given up armed activities, there should be a reasonable period of time between an individual laying down arms and being considered for refugee status. This \u2018cooling\u00adoff period\u2019, during which former combatants will be monitored to ensure that they really have given up military activities, will vary depending on the local circumstances, but should not be too long \u2014 generally only a matter of months. The length of the waiting period could be decided according to the profile of the former combatants, either individually or as a group (e.g., length of service, rank and position, type of recruitment ([orced or voluntary], whether there are addictions, family situation, etc.), and the nature of the armed conflict in which they have been involved (duration, intensity, whether there were human rights violations, etc.). Determining the refugee status of children associated with armed forces and groups who have applied for refugee status shall be done as quickly as possible. Determining the refugee status of other vulnerable persons can also be done quickly, such as disabled former combatants whose disabilities prevent them from further participating in military activities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1306, "Sentence":"The timing of applications for refugee status will be one of the factors that decide what will eventually happen to refugees in the long term, e.g., voluntary repatriation is more likely to be a viable option at the end of the conflict.Where a peace process is under way or is in sight and therefore voluntary repatriation is feasible in the foreseeable future, the refugee status should be determined after repatria\u00ad tion operations have been completed for former combatants who wish to return at the end of the conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements timing application refugee status one factor decide eventually happen refugee long term e.g . voluntary repatriation likely viable option end conflict.where peace process way sight therefore voluntary repatriation feasible foreseeable future refugee status determined repatria\u00ad tion operation completed former combatant wish return end conflict ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.1. Timing and sequence of applications for refugee status", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"UNHCR recommends that applications for refugee status by former combatants should not be encouraged in the early stages of influxes into the host country, because it is not practical to determine individual refugee status when large numbers of people have to be processed. The timing of applications for refugee status will be one of the factors that decide what will eventually happen to refugees in the long term, e.g., voluntary repatriation is more likely to be a viable option at the end of the conflict.Where a peace process is under way or is in sight and therefore voluntary repatriation is feasible in the foreseeable future, the refugee status should be determined after repatria\u00ad tion operations have been completed for former combatants who wish to return at the end of the conflict. Former combatants who are afraid to return to the country of origin must be given the option of applying for refugee status instead of being repatriated against their will.Where voluntary repatriation is not yet feasible because of unsafe conditions in the coun\u00adtry of origin, the determination of refugee status should preferably be conducted only after a meaningful DDR process in the host country, in order to ensure that former combatants applying for refugee status have achieved civilian status through demobilization, rehabilita\u00ad tion and reintegration initiatives in the host country.In order to determine whether former combatants have genuinely given up armed activities, there should be a reasonable period of time between an individual laying down arms and being considered for refugee status. This \u2018cooling\u00adoff period\u2019, during which former combatants will be monitored to ensure that they really have given up military activities, will vary depending on the local circumstances, but should not be too long \u2014 generally only a matter of months. The length of the waiting period could be decided according to the profile of the former combatants, either individually or as a group (e.g., length of service, rank and position, type of recruitment ([orced or voluntary], whether there are addictions, family situation, etc.), and the nature of the armed conflict in which they have been involved (duration, intensity, whether there were human rights violations, etc.). Determining the refugee status of children associated with armed forces and groups who have applied for refugee status shall be done as quickly as possible. Determining the refugee status of other vulnerable persons can also be done quickly, such as disabled former combatants whose disabilities prevent them from further participating in military activities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1306, "Sentence":"Former combatants who are afraid to return to the country of origin must be given the option of applying for refugee status instead of being repatriated against their will.Where voluntary repatriation is not yet feasible because of unsafe conditions in the coun\u00adtry of origin, the determination of refugee status should preferably be conducted only after a meaningful DDR process in the host country, in order to ensure that former combatants applying for refugee status have achieved civilian status through demobilization, rehabilita\u00ad tion and reintegration initiatives in the host country.In order to determine whether former combatants have genuinely given up armed activities, there should be a reasonable period of time between an individual laying down arms and being considered for refugee status.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements former combatant afraid return country origin must given option applying refugee status instead repatriated will.where voluntary repatriation yet feasible unsafe condition coun\u00adtry origin determination refugee status preferably conducted meaningful ddr process host country order ensure former combatant applying refugee status achieved civilian status demobilization rehabilita\u00ad tion reintegration initiative host country.in order determine whether former combatant genuinely given armed activity reasonable period time individual laying arm considered refugee status ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.1. Timing and sequence of applications for refugee status", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"UNHCR recommends that applications for refugee status by former combatants should not be encouraged in the early stages of influxes into the host country, because it is not practical to determine individual refugee status when large numbers of people have to be processed. The timing of applications for refugee status will be one of the factors that decide what will eventually happen to refugees in the long term, e.g., voluntary repatriation is more likely to be a viable option at the end of the conflict.Where a peace process is under way or is in sight and therefore voluntary repatriation is feasible in the foreseeable future, the refugee status should be determined after repatria\u00ad tion operations have been completed for former combatants who wish to return at the end of the conflict. Former combatants who are afraid to return to the country of origin must be given the option of applying for refugee status instead of being repatriated against their will.Where voluntary repatriation is not yet feasible because of unsafe conditions in the coun\u00adtry of origin, the determination of refugee status should preferably be conducted only after a meaningful DDR process in the host country, in order to ensure that former combatants applying for refugee status have achieved civilian status through demobilization, rehabilita\u00ad tion and reintegration initiatives in the host country.In order to determine whether former combatants have genuinely given up armed activities, there should be a reasonable period of time between an individual laying down arms and being considered for refugee status. This \u2018cooling\u00adoff period\u2019, during which former combatants will be monitored to ensure that they really have given up military activities, will vary depending on the local circumstances, but should not be too long \u2014 generally only a matter of months. The length of the waiting period could be decided according to the profile of the former combatants, either individually or as a group (e.g., length of service, rank and position, type of recruitment ([orced or voluntary], whether there are addictions, family situation, etc.), and the nature of the armed conflict in which they have been involved (duration, intensity, whether there were human rights violations, etc.). Determining the refugee status of children associated with armed forces and groups who have applied for refugee status shall be done as quickly as possible. Determining the refugee status of other vulnerable persons can also be done quickly, such as disabled former combatants whose disabilities prevent them from further participating in military activities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1306, "Sentence":"This \u2018cooling\u00adoff period\u2019, during which former combatants will be monitored to ensure that they really have given up military activities, will vary depending on the local circumstances, but should not be too long \u2014 generally only a matter of months.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements \u2018 cooling\u00adoff period \u2019 former combatant monitored ensure really given military activity vary depending local circumstance long \u2014 generally matter month ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.1. Timing and sequence of applications for refugee status", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"UNHCR recommends that applications for refugee status by former combatants should not be encouraged in the early stages of influxes into the host country, because it is not practical to determine individual refugee status when large numbers of people have to be processed. The timing of applications for refugee status will be one of the factors that decide what will eventually happen to refugees in the long term, e.g., voluntary repatriation is more likely to be a viable option at the end of the conflict.Where a peace process is under way or is in sight and therefore voluntary repatriation is feasible in the foreseeable future, the refugee status should be determined after repatria\u00ad tion operations have been completed for former combatants who wish to return at the end of the conflict. Former combatants who are afraid to return to the country of origin must be given the option of applying for refugee status instead of being repatriated against their will.Where voluntary repatriation is not yet feasible because of unsafe conditions in the coun\u00adtry of origin, the determination of refugee status should preferably be conducted only after a meaningful DDR process in the host country, in order to ensure that former combatants applying for refugee status have achieved civilian status through demobilization, rehabilita\u00ad tion and reintegration initiatives in the host country.In order to determine whether former combatants have genuinely given up armed activities, there should be a reasonable period of time between an individual laying down arms and being considered for refugee status. This \u2018cooling\u00adoff period\u2019, during which former combatants will be monitored to ensure that they really have given up military activities, will vary depending on the local circumstances, but should not be too long \u2014 generally only a matter of months. The length of the waiting period could be decided according to the profile of the former combatants, either individually or as a group (e.g., length of service, rank and position, type of recruitment ([orced or voluntary], whether there are addictions, family situation, etc.), and the nature of the armed conflict in which they have been involved (duration, intensity, whether there were human rights violations, etc.). Determining the refugee status of children associated with armed forces and groups who have applied for refugee status shall be done as quickly as possible. Determining the refugee status of other vulnerable persons can also be done quickly, such as disabled former combatants whose disabilities prevent them from further participating in military activities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1306, "Sentence":"The length of the waiting period could be decided according to the profile of the former combatants, either individually or as a group (e.g., length of service, rank and position, type of recruitment ([orced or voluntary], whether there are addictions, family situation, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements length waiting period could decided according profile former combatant either individually group e.g . length service rank position type recruitment orced voluntary whether addiction family situation etc ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.1. Timing and sequence of applications for refugee status", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"UNHCR recommends that applications for refugee status by former combatants should not be encouraged in the early stages of influxes into the host country, because it is not practical to determine individual refugee status when large numbers of people have to be processed. The timing of applications for refugee status will be one of the factors that decide what will eventually happen to refugees in the long term, e.g., voluntary repatriation is more likely to be a viable option at the end of the conflict.Where a peace process is under way or is in sight and therefore voluntary repatriation is feasible in the foreseeable future, the refugee status should be determined after repatria\u00ad tion operations have been completed for former combatants who wish to return at the end of the conflict. Former combatants who are afraid to return to the country of origin must be given the option of applying for refugee status instead of being repatriated against their will.Where voluntary repatriation is not yet feasible because of unsafe conditions in the coun\u00adtry of origin, the determination of refugee status should preferably be conducted only after a meaningful DDR process in the host country, in order to ensure that former combatants applying for refugee status have achieved civilian status through demobilization, rehabilita\u00ad tion and reintegration initiatives in the host country.In order to determine whether former combatants have genuinely given up armed activities, there should be a reasonable period of time between an individual laying down arms and being considered for refugee status. This \u2018cooling\u00adoff period\u2019, during which former combatants will be monitored to ensure that they really have given up military activities, will vary depending on the local circumstances, but should not be too long \u2014 generally only a matter of months. The length of the waiting period could be decided according to the profile of the former combatants, either individually or as a group (e.g., length of service, rank and position, type of recruitment ([orced or voluntary], whether there are addictions, family situation, etc.), and the nature of the armed conflict in which they have been involved (duration, intensity, whether there were human rights violations, etc.). Determining the refugee status of children associated with armed forces and groups who have applied for refugee status shall be done as quickly as possible. Determining the refugee status of other vulnerable persons can also be done quickly, such as disabled former combatants whose disabilities prevent them from further participating in military activities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1306, "Sentence":"), and the nature of the armed conflict in which they have been involved (duration, intensity, whether there were human rights violations, etc.).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nature armed conflict involved duration intensity whether human right violation etc .." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.1. Timing and sequence of applications for refugee status", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"UNHCR recommends that applications for refugee status by former combatants should not be encouraged in the early stages of influxes into the host country, because it is not practical to determine individual refugee status when large numbers of people have to be processed. The timing of applications for refugee status will be one of the factors that decide what will eventually happen to refugees in the long term, e.g., voluntary repatriation is more likely to be a viable option at the end of the conflict.Where a peace process is under way or is in sight and therefore voluntary repatriation is feasible in the foreseeable future, the refugee status should be determined after repatria\u00ad tion operations have been completed for former combatants who wish to return at the end of the conflict. Former combatants who are afraid to return to the country of origin must be given the option of applying for refugee status instead of being repatriated against their will.Where voluntary repatriation is not yet feasible because of unsafe conditions in the coun\u00adtry of origin, the determination of refugee status should preferably be conducted only after a meaningful DDR process in the host country, in order to ensure that former combatants applying for refugee status have achieved civilian status through demobilization, rehabilita\u00ad tion and reintegration initiatives in the host country.In order to determine whether former combatants have genuinely given up armed activities, there should be a reasonable period of time between an individual laying down arms and being considered for refugee status. This \u2018cooling\u00adoff period\u2019, during which former combatants will be monitored to ensure that they really have given up military activities, will vary depending on the local circumstances, but should not be too long \u2014 generally only a matter of months. The length of the waiting period could be decided according to the profile of the former combatants, either individually or as a group (e.g., length of service, rank and position, type of recruitment ([orced or voluntary], whether there are addictions, family situation, etc.), and the nature of the armed conflict in which they have been involved (duration, intensity, whether there were human rights violations, etc.). Determining the refugee status of children associated with armed forces and groups who have applied for refugee status shall be done as quickly as possible. Determining the refugee status of other vulnerable persons can also be done quickly, such as disabled former combatants whose disabilities prevent them from further participating in military activities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1306, "Sentence":"Determining the refugee status of children associated with armed forces and groups who have applied for refugee status shall be done as quickly as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements determining refugee status child associated armed force group applied refugee status shall done quickly possible ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.1. Timing and sequence of applications for refugee status", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"UNHCR recommends that applications for refugee status by former combatants should not be encouraged in the early stages of influxes into the host country, because it is not practical to determine individual refugee status when large numbers of people have to be processed. The timing of applications for refugee status will be one of the factors that decide what will eventually happen to refugees in the long term, e.g., voluntary repatriation is more likely to be a viable option at the end of the conflict.Where a peace process is under way or is in sight and therefore voluntary repatriation is feasible in the foreseeable future, the refugee status should be determined after repatria\u00ad tion operations have been completed for former combatants who wish to return at the end of the conflict. Former combatants who are afraid to return to the country of origin must be given the option of applying for refugee status instead of being repatriated against their will.Where voluntary repatriation is not yet feasible because of unsafe conditions in the coun\u00adtry of origin, the determination of refugee status should preferably be conducted only after a meaningful DDR process in the host country, in order to ensure that former combatants applying for refugee status have achieved civilian status through demobilization, rehabilita\u00ad tion and reintegration initiatives in the host country.In order to determine whether former combatants have genuinely given up armed activities, there should be a reasonable period of time between an individual laying down arms and being considered for refugee status. This \u2018cooling\u00adoff period\u2019, during which former combatants will be monitored to ensure that they really have given up military activities, will vary depending on the local circumstances, but should not be too long \u2014 generally only a matter of months. The length of the waiting period could be decided according to the profile of the former combatants, either individually or as a group (e.g., length of service, rank and position, type of recruitment ([orced or voluntary], whether there are addictions, family situation, etc.), and the nature of the armed conflict in which they have been involved (duration, intensity, whether there were human rights violations, etc.). Determining the refugee status of children associated with armed forces and groups who have applied for refugee status shall be done as quickly as possible. Determining the refugee status of other vulnerable persons can also be done quickly, such as disabled former combatants whose disabilities prevent them from further participating in military activities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1306, "Sentence":"Determining the refugee status of other vulnerable persons can also be done quickly, such as disabled former combatants whose disabilities prevent them from further participating in military activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements determining refugee status vulnerable person also done quickly disabled former combatant whose disability prevent participating military activity ." }, { "ID":63, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.2. Requirements for refugee status for foreign former combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Refugee status determination for former combatants involves establishing three facts: \\n that they have genuinely and permanently given up arms and become civilians; \\n that they meet the definition of a refugee under the 1951 UN Refugee Convention or regional instruments; \\n that they are not excluded from being protected as refugees, according to the exclusion clauses of refugee conventions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1307, "Sentence":"Refugee status determination for former combatants involves establishing three facts: \\n that they have genuinely and permanently given up arms and become civilians; \\n that they meet the definition of a refugee under the 1951 UN Refugee Convention or regional instruments; \\n that they are not excluded from being protected as refugees, according to the exclusion clauses of refugee conventions.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements refugee status determination former combatant involves establishing three fact n genuinely permanently given arm become civilian n meet definition refugee 1951 un refugee convention regional instrument n excluded protected refugee according exclusion clause refugee convention ." }, { "ID":64, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.3. Genuine and permanent giving up of military activities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The giving up of military activities by foreign former combatants is more likely to be genuine if they have been demobilized and they have a real chance of earning a living in civilian life, including through DDR programmes in the host country. Detention in internment camps without demobilization and rehabilitation activities will not automatically lead to combatants becoming civilians. Breaking up military structures; linking up families; and providing vocational skills training, counselling, rehabilitation and peace education programmes for foreign former combatants in the host country will make it easier for them to become civil\u00ad ians and be considered for refugee status some time in the future.It needs to be carefully verified that individuals have given up military activities, includ\u00ad ing in situations where foreign former combatants are interned or where they have some degree of freedom of movement. Verification should include information gathered through\u00ad out the period of identification, separation and internment. For example, it will be easier to understand individual motives and activities if the movements of internees in and out of internment camps are monitored. Actions or attitudes that may prove that an individual has genuinely given up military activities may include expressions of regret for past military ac\u00ad tivities and for the victims of the conflict, signs of weariness with the war and a general feeling of homesickness, and clear signs of dissatisfaction with a military or political organization. Internment camp authorities or other agencies that are closely in contact with internees should share information with UNHCR, unless such information must be kept confidential.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1308, "Sentence":"The giving up of military activities by foreign former combatants is more likely to be genuine if they have been demobilized and they have a real chance of earning a living in civilian life, including through DDR programmes in the host country.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements giving military activity foreign former combatant likely genuine demobilized real chance earning living civilian life including ddr programme host country ." }, { "ID":64, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.3. Genuine and permanent giving up of military activities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The giving up of military activities by foreign former combatants is more likely to be genuine if they have been demobilized and they have a real chance of earning a living in civilian life, including through DDR programmes in the host country. Detention in internment camps without demobilization and rehabilitation activities will not automatically lead to combatants becoming civilians. Breaking up military structures; linking up families; and providing vocational skills training, counselling, rehabilitation and peace education programmes for foreign former combatants in the host country will make it easier for them to become civil\u00ad ians and be considered for refugee status some time in the future.It needs to be carefully verified that individuals have given up military activities, includ\u00ad ing in situations where foreign former combatants are interned or where they have some degree of freedom of movement. Verification should include information gathered through\u00ad out the period of identification, separation and internment. For example, it will be easier to understand individual motives and activities if the movements of internees in and out of internment camps are monitored. Actions or attitudes that may prove that an individual has genuinely given up military activities may include expressions of regret for past military ac\u00ad tivities and for the victims of the conflict, signs of weariness with the war and a general feeling of homesickness, and clear signs of dissatisfaction with a military or political organization. Internment camp authorities or other agencies that are closely in contact with internees should share information with UNHCR, unless such information must be kept confidential.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1308, "Sentence":"Detention in internment camps without demobilization and rehabilitation activities will not automatically lead to combatants becoming civilians.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements detention internment camp without demobilization rehabilitation activity automatically lead combatant becoming civilian ." }, { "ID":64, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.3. Genuine and permanent giving up of military activities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The giving up of military activities by foreign former combatants is more likely to be genuine if they have been demobilized and they have a real chance of earning a living in civilian life, including through DDR programmes in the host country. Detention in internment camps without demobilization and rehabilitation activities will not automatically lead to combatants becoming civilians. Breaking up military structures; linking up families; and providing vocational skills training, counselling, rehabilitation and peace education programmes for foreign former combatants in the host country will make it easier for them to become civil\u00ad ians and be considered for refugee status some time in the future.It needs to be carefully verified that individuals have given up military activities, includ\u00ad ing in situations where foreign former combatants are interned or where they have some degree of freedom of movement. Verification should include information gathered through\u00ad out the period of identification, separation and internment. For example, it will be easier to understand individual motives and activities if the movements of internees in and out of internment camps are monitored. Actions or attitudes that may prove that an individual has genuinely given up military activities may include expressions of regret for past military ac\u00ad tivities and for the victims of the conflict, signs of weariness with the war and a general feeling of homesickness, and clear signs of dissatisfaction with a military or political organization. Internment camp authorities or other agencies that are closely in contact with internees should share information with UNHCR, unless such information must be kept confidential.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1308, "Sentence":"Breaking up military structures; linking up families; and providing vocational skills training, counselling, rehabilitation and peace education programmes for foreign former combatants in the host country will make it easier for them to become civil\u00ad ians and be considered for refugee status some time in the future.It needs to be carefully verified that individuals have given up military activities, includ\u00ad ing in situations where foreign former combatants are interned or where they have some degree of freedom of movement.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements breaking military structure linking family providing vocational skill training counselling rehabilitation peace education programme foreign former combatant host country make easier become civil\u00ad ians considered refugee status time future.it need carefully verified individual given military activity includ\u00ad ing situation foreign former combatant interned degree freedom movement ." }, { "ID":64, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.3. Genuine and permanent giving up of military activities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The giving up of military activities by foreign former combatants is more likely to be genuine if they have been demobilized and they have a real chance of earning a living in civilian life, including through DDR programmes in the host country. Detention in internment camps without demobilization and rehabilitation activities will not automatically lead to combatants becoming civilians. Breaking up military structures; linking up families; and providing vocational skills training, counselling, rehabilitation and peace education programmes for foreign former combatants in the host country will make it easier for them to become civil\u00ad ians and be considered for refugee status some time in the future.It needs to be carefully verified that individuals have given up military activities, includ\u00ad ing in situations where foreign former combatants are interned or where they have some degree of freedom of movement. Verification should include information gathered through\u00ad out the period of identification, separation and internment. For example, it will be easier to understand individual motives and activities if the movements of internees in and out of internment camps are monitored. Actions or attitudes that may prove that an individual has genuinely given up military activities may include expressions of regret for past military ac\u00ad tivities and for the victims of the conflict, signs of weariness with the war and a general feeling of homesickness, and clear signs of dissatisfaction with a military or political organization. Internment camp authorities or other agencies that are closely in contact with internees should share information with UNHCR, unless such information must be kept confidential.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1308, "Sentence":"Verification should include information gathered through\u00ad out the period of identification, separation and internment.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements verification include information gathered through\u00ad period identification separation internment ." }, { "ID":64, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.3. Genuine and permanent giving up of military activities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The giving up of military activities by foreign former combatants is more likely to be genuine if they have been demobilized and they have a real chance of earning a living in civilian life, including through DDR programmes in the host country. Detention in internment camps without demobilization and rehabilitation activities will not automatically lead to combatants becoming civilians. Breaking up military structures; linking up families; and providing vocational skills training, counselling, rehabilitation and peace education programmes for foreign former combatants in the host country will make it easier for them to become civil\u00ad ians and be considered for refugee status some time in the future.It needs to be carefully verified that individuals have given up military activities, includ\u00ad ing in situations where foreign former combatants are interned or where they have some degree of freedom of movement. Verification should include information gathered through\u00ad out the period of identification, separation and internment. For example, it will be easier to understand individual motives and activities if the movements of internees in and out of internment camps are monitored. Actions or attitudes that may prove that an individual has genuinely given up military activities may include expressions of regret for past military ac\u00ad tivities and for the victims of the conflict, signs of weariness with the war and a general feeling of homesickness, and clear signs of dissatisfaction with a military or political organization. Internment camp authorities or other agencies that are closely in contact with internees should share information with UNHCR, unless such information must be kept confidential.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1308, "Sentence":"For example, it will be easier to understand individual motives and activities if the movements of internees in and out of internment camps are monitored.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements example easier understand individual motif activity movement internee internment camp monitored ." }, { "ID":64, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.3. Genuine and permanent giving up of military activities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The giving up of military activities by foreign former combatants is more likely to be genuine if they have been demobilized and they have a real chance of earning a living in civilian life, including through DDR programmes in the host country. Detention in internment camps without demobilization and rehabilitation activities will not automatically lead to combatants becoming civilians. Breaking up military structures; linking up families; and providing vocational skills training, counselling, rehabilitation and peace education programmes for foreign former combatants in the host country will make it easier for them to become civil\u00ad ians and be considered for refugee status some time in the future.It needs to be carefully verified that individuals have given up military activities, includ\u00ad ing in situations where foreign former combatants are interned or where they have some degree of freedom of movement. Verification should include information gathered through\u00ad out the period of identification, separation and internment. For example, it will be easier to understand individual motives and activities if the movements of internees in and out of internment camps are monitored. Actions or attitudes that may prove that an individual has genuinely given up military activities may include expressions of regret for past military ac\u00ad tivities and for the victims of the conflict, signs of weariness with the war and a general feeling of homesickness, and clear signs of dissatisfaction with a military or political organization. Internment camp authorities or other agencies that are closely in contact with internees should share information with UNHCR, unless such information must be kept confidential.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1308, "Sentence":"Actions or attitudes that may prove that an individual has genuinely given up military activities may include expressions of regret for past military ac\u00ad tivities and for the victims of the conflict, signs of weariness with the war and a general feeling of homesickness, and clear signs of dissatisfaction with a military or political organization.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements action attitude may prove individual genuinely given military activity may include expression regret past military ac\u00ad tivities victim conflict sign weariness war general feeling homesickness clear sign dissatisfaction military political organization ." }, { "ID":64, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.3. Genuine and permanent giving up of military activities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The giving up of military activities by foreign former combatants is more likely to be genuine if they have been demobilized and they have a real chance of earning a living in civilian life, including through DDR programmes in the host country. Detention in internment camps without demobilization and rehabilitation activities will not automatically lead to combatants becoming civilians. Breaking up military structures; linking up families; and providing vocational skills training, counselling, rehabilitation and peace education programmes for foreign former combatants in the host country will make it easier for them to become civil\u00ad ians and be considered for refugee status some time in the future.It needs to be carefully verified that individuals have given up military activities, includ\u00ad ing in situations where foreign former combatants are interned or where they have some degree of freedom of movement. Verification should include information gathered through\u00ad out the period of identification, separation and internment. For example, it will be easier to understand individual motives and activities if the movements of internees in and out of internment camps are monitored. Actions or attitudes that may prove that an individual has genuinely given up military activities may include expressions of regret for past military ac\u00ad tivities and for the victims of the conflict, signs of weariness with the war and a general feeling of homesickness, and clear signs of dissatisfaction with a military or political organization. Internment camp authorities or other agencies that are closely in contact with internees should share information with UNHCR, unless such information must be kept confidential.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1308, "Sentence":"Internment camp authorities or other agencies that are closely in contact with internees should share information with UNHCR, unless such information must be kept confidential.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements internment camp authority agency closely contact internee share information unhcr unless information must kept confidential ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.4. Exclusion from refugee protection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Even if a foreign former combatant has a genuine fear of persecution, he\/she may not be eligible for international protection as a refugee if he\/she has committed acts that would mean that the exclusion clauses of the Refugee Convention would apply to him\/her. This is to prevent abuse of asylum by undeserving persons who have seriously abused the human rights of others.The issue of exclusion from protection as a refugee will be particularly relevant if there are serious reasons for believing that an individual has committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime outside the country of refuge before he\/she was admitted to that country as a refugee, or acts contrary to the pur\u00ad poses and principles of the UN. As defined by international instruments and interpreted in case law, exclusion clauses would apply if an individual had committed any of the following: \\n crimes against peace, e.g., planning or participating in an unlawful war; \\n war crimes involving grave breaches of international humanitarian law, e.g., mistreatment of civilians and prisoners of war, infliction of unjustified property damage during wartime; \\n crimes against humanity involving fundamentally inhumane conduct on a widespread or system\u00ad atic scale against a civilian population, e.g., genocide, slavery, torture, rape, deportations; \\n serious non\u00adpolitical crimes committed outside the country of refuge prior to admission to that country as a refugee: The purpose of this clause is to ensure that important fugitives from justice are not able to avoid the jurisdiction of a State in which they may lawfully face punishment for genuine, serious crimes, by claiming refugee status in another country; \\n acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN: This clause covers, for example, high\u00ad level government officials (Heads of State, ministers, high officials) who have exploited their political authority to endanger the well\u00adbeing of individuals, their country and\/ or the world community.A foreign former combatant cannot be excluded from refugee protection simply because he\/she is a member of an organization or political party involved in a conflict. It must be established whether he\/she was personally responsible for excludable acts. However, affili\u00ad ation with a particularly violent group or unit (that is known on the basis of clear and cred\u00ad ible information from the country of origin to carry out serious crimes of the type included in the exclusion clauses) may not only be important evidence, but also give rise to a presump\u00ad tion that the individual has been involved in the excludable acts of that group. However, the procedure for determining refugee status must give the individual an opportunity to show that this is not the case. If an individual can defend his\/her actions or claim mitigating circumstances, these should be taken into account in assessing whether to exclude an indi\u00ad vidual from refugee protection.In examining refugee claims by foreign children associated with armed forces and groups, a child\u2019s age and maturity should be taken into account when assessing whether he\/she had the mental capacity to be held responsible for crimes that may exclude him\/her from protection as a refugee.Refugee status may be cancelled if information comes to light that an individual, who was recognized as a refugee (either individually or on a prima facie basis), should have been subject to the exclusion clauses when the refugee status was accorded (i.e., where refugee status was obtained through fraudulent means or substantial misrepresentations).Refugee status may be withdrawn if an individual who was properly recognized as a refugee later commits acts covered by the exclusion clauses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1309, "Sentence":"Even if a foreign former combatant has a genuine fear of persecution, he\/she may not be eligible for international protection as a refugee if he\/she has committed acts that would mean that the exclusion clauses of the Refugee Convention would apply to him\/her.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements even foreign former combatant genuine fear persecution he\/she may eligible international protection refugee he\/she committed act would mean exclusion clause refugee convention would apply him\/her ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.4. Exclusion from refugee protection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Even if a foreign former combatant has a genuine fear of persecution, he\/she may not be eligible for international protection as a refugee if he\/she has committed acts that would mean that the exclusion clauses of the Refugee Convention would apply to him\/her. This is to prevent abuse of asylum by undeserving persons who have seriously abused the human rights of others.The issue of exclusion from protection as a refugee will be particularly relevant if there are serious reasons for believing that an individual has committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime outside the country of refuge before he\/she was admitted to that country as a refugee, or acts contrary to the pur\u00ad poses and principles of the UN. As defined by international instruments and interpreted in case law, exclusion clauses would apply if an individual had committed any of the following: \\n crimes against peace, e.g., planning or participating in an unlawful war; \\n war crimes involving grave breaches of international humanitarian law, e.g., mistreatment of civilians and prisoners of war, infliction of unjustified property damage during wartime; \\n crimes against humanity involving fundamentally inhumane conduct on a widespread or system\u00ad atic scale against a civilian population, e.g., genocide, slavery, torture, rape, deportations; \\n serious non\u00adpolitical crimes committed outside the country of refuge prior to admission to that country as a refugee: The purpose of this clause is to ensure that important fugitives from justice are not able to avoid the jurisdiction of a State in which they may lawfully face punishment for genuine, serious crimes, by claiming refugee status in another country; \\n acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN: This clause covers, for example, high\u00ad level government officials (Heads of State, ministers, high officials) who have exploited their political authority to endanger the well\u00adbeing of individuals, their country and\/ or the world community.A foreign former combatant cannot be excluded from refugee protection simply because he\/she is a member of an organization or political party involved in a conflict. It must be established whether he\/she was personally responsible for excludable acts. However, affili\u00ad ation with a particularly violent group or unit (that is known on the basis of clear and cred\u00ad ible information from the country of origin to carry out serious crimes of the type included in the exclusion clauses) may not only be important evidence, but also give rise to a presump\u00ad tion that the individual has been involved in the excludable acts of that group. However, the procedure for determining refugee status must give the individual an opportunity to show that this is not the case. If an individual can defend his\/her actions or claim mitigating circumstances, these should be taken into account in assessing whether to exclude an indi\u00ad vidual from refugee protection.In examining refugee claims by foreign children associated with armed forces and groups, a child\u2019s age and maturity should be taken into account when assessing whether he\/she had the mental capacity to be held responsible for crimes that may exclude him\/her from protection as a refugee.Refugee status may be cancelled if information comes to light that an individual, who was recognized as a refugee (either individually or on a prima facie basis), should have been subject to the exclusion clauses when the refugee status was accorded (i.e., where refugee status was obtained through fraudulent means or substantial misrepresentations).Refugee status may be withdrawn if an individual who was properly recognized as a refugee later commits acts covered by the exclusion clauses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1309, "Sentence":"This is to prevent abuse of asylum by undeserving persons who have seriously abused the human rights of others.The issue of exclusion from protection as a refugee will be particularly relevant if there are serious reasons for believing that an individual has committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime outside the country of refuge before he\/she was admitted to that country as a refugee, or acts contrary to the pur\u00ad poses and principles of the UN.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements prevent abuse asylum undeserving person seriously abused human right others.the issue exclusion protection refugee particularly relevant serious reason believing individual committed crime peace war crime crime humanity serious non\u00adpolitical crime outside country refuge he\/she admitted country refugee act contrary pur\u00ad pose principle un ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.4. Exclusion from refugee protection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Even if a foreign former combatant has a genuine fear of persecution, he\/she may not be eligible for international protection as a refugee if he\/she has committed acts that would mean that the exclusion clauses of the Refugee Convention would apply to him\/her. This is to prevent abuse of asylum by undeserving persons who have seriously abused the human rights of others.The issue of exclusion from protection as a refugee will be particularly relevant if there are serious reasons for believing that an individual has committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime outside the country of refuge before he\/she was admitted to that country as a refugee, or acts contrary to the pur\u00ad poses and principles of the UN. As defined by international instruments and interpreted in case law, exclusion clauses would apply if an individual had committed any of the following: \\n crimes against peace, e.g., planning or participating in an unlawful war; \\n war crimes involving grave breaches of international humanitarian law, e.g., mistreatment of civilians and prisoners of war, infliction of unjustified property damage during wartime; \\n crimes against humanity involving fundamentally inhumane conduct on a widespread or system\u00ad atic scale against a civilian population, e.g., genocide, slavery, torture, rape, deportations; \\n serious non\u00adpolitical crimes committed outside the country of refuge prior to admission to that country as a refugee: The purpose of this clause is to ensure that important fugitives from justice are not able to avoid the jurisdiction of a State in which they may lawfully face punishment for genuine, serious crimes, by claiming refugee status in another country; \\n acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN: This clause covers, for example, high\u00ad level government officials (Heads of State, ministers, high officials) who have exploited their political authority to endanger the well\u00adbeing of individuals, their country and\/ or the world community.A foreign former combatant cannot be excluded from refugee protection simply because he\/she is a member of an organization or political party involved in a conflict. It must be established whether he\/she was personally responsible for excludable acts. However, affili\u00ad ation with a particularly violent group or unit (that is known on the basis of clear and cred\u00ad ible information from the country of origin to carry out serious crimes of the type included in the exclusion clauses) may not only be important evidence, but also give rise to a presump\u00ad tion that the individual has been involved in the excludable acts of that group. However, the procedure for determining refugee status must give the individual an opportunity to show that this is not the case. If an individual can defend his\/her actions or claim mitigating circumstances, these should be taken into account in assessing whether to exclude an indi\u00ad vidual from refugee protection.In examining refugee claims by foreign children associated with armed forces and groups, a child\u2019s age and maturity should be taken into account when assessing whether he\/she had the mental capacity to be held responsible for crimes that may exclude him\/her from protection as a refugee.Refugee status may be cancelled if information comes to light that an individual, who was recognized as a refugee (either individually or on a prima facie basis), should have been subject to the exclusion clauses when the refugee status was accorded (i.e., where refugee status was obtained through fraudulent means or substantial misrepresentations).Refugee status may be withdrawn if an individual who was properly recognized as a refugee later commits acts covered by the exclusion clauses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1309, "Sentence":"As defined by international instruments and interpreted in case law, exclusion clauses would apply if an individual had committed any of the following: \\n crimes against peace, e.g., planning or participating in an unlawful war; \\n war crimes involving grave breaches of international humanitarian law, e.g., mistreatment of civilians and prisoners of war, infliction of unjustified property damage during wartime; \\n crimes against humanity involving fundamentally inhumane conduct on a widespread or system\u00ad atic scale against a civilian population, e.g., genocide, slavery, torture, rape, deportations; \\n serious non\u00adpolitical crimes committed outside the country of refuge prior to admission to that country as a refugee: The purpose of this clause is to ensure that important fugitives from justice are not able to avoid the jurisdiction of a State in which they may lawfully face punishment for genuine, serious crimes, by claiming refugee status in another country; \\n acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN: This clause covers, for example, high\u00ad level government officials (Heads of State, ministers, high officials) who have exploited their political authority to endanger the well\u00adbeing of individuals, their country and\/ or the world community.A foreign former combatant cannot be excluded from refugee protection simply because he\/she is a member of an organization or political party involved in a conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements defined international instrument interpreted case law exclusion clause would apply individual committed following n crime peace e.g . planning participating unlawful war n war crime involving grave breach international humanitarian law e.g . mistreatment civilian prisoner war infliction unjustified property damage wartime n crime humanity involving fundamentally inhumane conduct widespread system\u00ad atic scale civilian population e.g . genocide slavery torture rape deportation n serious non\u00adpolitical crime committed outside country refuge prior admission country refugee purpose clause ensure important fugitive justice able avoid jurisdiction state may lawfully face punishment genuine serious crime claiming refugee status another country n act contrary purpose principle un clause cover example high\u00ad level government official head state minister high official exploited political authority endanger well\u00adbeing individual country and\/ world community.a foreign former combatant excluded refugee protection simply he\/she member organization political party involved conflict ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.4. Exclusion from refugee protection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Even if a foreign former combatant has a genuine fear of persecution, he\/she may not be eligible for international protection as a refugee if he\/she has committed acts that would mean that the exclusion clauses of the Refugee Convention would apply to him\/her. This is to prevent abuse of asylum by undeserving persons who have seriously abused the human rights of others.The issue of exclusion from protection as a refugee will be particularly relevant if there are serious reasons for believing that an individual has committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime outside the country of refuge before he\/she was admitted to that country as a refugee, or acts contrary to the pur\u00ad poses and principles of the UN. As defined by international instruments and interpreted in case law, exclusion clauses would apply if an individual had committed any of the following: \\n crimes against peace, e.g., planning or participating in an unlawful war; \\n war crimes involving grave breaches of international humanitarian law, e.g., mistreatment of civilians and prisoners of war, infliction of unjustified property damage during wartime; \\n crimes against humanity involving fundamentally inhumane conduct on a widespread or system\u00ad atic scale against a civilian population, e.g., genocide, slavery, torture, rape, deportations; \\n serious non\u00adpolitical crimes committed outside the country of refuge prior to admission to that country as a refugee: The purpose of this clause is to ensure that important fugitives from justice are not able to avoid the jurisdiction of a State in which they may lawfully face punishment for genuine, serious crimes, by claiming refugee status in another country; \\n acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN: This clause covers, for example, high\u00ad level government officials (Heads of State, ministers, high officials) who have exploited their political authority to endanger the well\u00adbeing of individuals, their country and\/ or the world community.A foreign former combatant cannot be excluded from refugee protection simply because he\/she is a member of an organization or political party involved in a conflict. It must be established whether he\/she was personally responsible for excludable acts. However, affili\u00ad ation with a particularly violent group or unit (that is known on the basis of clear and cred\u00ad ible information from the country of origin to carry out serious crimes of the type included in the exclusion clauses) may not only be important evidence, but also give rise to a presump\u00ad tion that the individual has been involved in the excludable acts of that group. However, the procedure for determining refugee status must give the individual an opportunity to show that this is not the case. If an individual can defend his\/her actions or claim mitigating circumstances, these should be taken into account in assessing whether to exclude an indi\u00ad vidual from refugee protection.In examining refugee claims by foreign children associated with armed forces and groups, a child\u2019s age and maturity should be taken into account when assessing whether he\/she had the mental capacity to be held responsible for crimes that may exclude him\/her from protection as a refugee.Refugee status may be cancelled if information comes to light that an individual, who was recognized as a refugee (either individually or on a prima facie basis), should have been subject to the exclusion clauses when the refugee status was accorded (i.e., where refugee status was obtained through fraudulent means or substantial misrepresentations).Refugee status may be withdrawn if an individual who was properly recognized as a refugee later commits acts covered by the exclusion clauses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1309, "Sentence":"It must be established whether he\/she was personally responsible for excludable acts.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements must established whether he\/she personally responsible excludable act ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.4. Exclusion from refugee protection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Even if a foreign former combatant has a genuine fear of persecution, he\/she may not be eligible for international protection as a refugee if he\/she has committed acts that would mean that the exclusion clauses of the Refugee Convention would apply to him\/her. This is to prevent abuse of asylum by undeserving persons who have seriously abused the human rights of others.The issue of exclusion from protection as a refugee will be particularly relevant if there are serious reasons for believing that an individual has committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime outside the country of refuge before he\/she was admitted to that country as a refugee, or acts contrary to the pur\u00ad poses and principles of the UN. As defined by international instruments and interpreted in case law, exclusion clauses would apply if an individual had committed any of the following: \\n crimes against peace, e.g., planning or participating in an unlawful war; \\n war crimes involving grave breaches of international humanitarian law, e.g., mistreatment of civilians and prisoners of war, infliction of unjustified property damage during wartime; \\n crimes against humanity involving fundamentally inhumane conduct on a widespread or system\u00ad atic scale against a civilian population, e.g., genocide, slavery, torture, rape, deportations; \\n serious non\u00adpolitical crimes committed outside the country of refuge prior to admission to that country as a refugee: The purpose of this clause is to ensure that important fugitives from justice are not able to avoid the jurisdiction of a State in which they may lawfully face punishment for genuine, serious crimes, by claiming refugee status in another country; \\n acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN: This clause covers, for example, high\u00ad level government officials (Heads of State, ministers, high officials) who have exploited their political authority to endanger the well\u00adbeing of individuals, their country and\/ or the world community.A foreign former combatant cannot be excluded from refugee protection simply because he\/she is a member of an organization or political party involved in a conflict. It must be established whether he\/she was personally responsible for excludable acts. However, affili\u00ad ation with a particularly violent group or unit (that is known on the basis of clear and cred\u00ad ible information from the country of origin to carry out serious crimes of the type included in the exclusion clauses) may not only be important evidence, but also give rise to a presump\u00ad tion that the individual has been involved in the excludable acts of that group. However, the procedure for determining refugee status must give the individual an opportunity to show that this is not the case. If an individual can defend his\/her actions or claim mitigating circumstances, these should be taken into account in assessing whether to exclude an indi\u00ad vidual from refugee protection.In examining refugee claims by foreign children associated with armed forces and groups, a child\u2019s age and maturity should be taken into account when assessing whether he\/she had the mental capacity to be held responsible for crimes that may exclude him\/her from protection as a refugee.Refugee status may be cancelled if information comes to light that an individual, who was recognized as a refugee (either individually or on a prima facie basis), should have been subject to the exclusion clauses when the refugee status was accorded (i.e., where refugee status was obtained through fraudulent means or substantial misrepresentations).Refugee status may be withdrawn if an individual who was properly recognized as a refugee later commits acts covered by the exclusion clauses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1309, "Sentence":"However, affili\u00ad ation with a particularly violent group or unit (that is known on the basis of clear and cred\u00ad ible information from the country of origin to carry out serious crimes of the type included in the exclusion clauses) may not only be important evidence, but also give rise to a presump\u00ad tion that the individual has been involved in the excludable acts of that group.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements however affili\u00ad ation particularly violent group unit known basis clear cred\u00ad ible information country origin carry serious crime type included exclusion clause may important evidence also give rise presump\u00ad tion individual involved excludable act group ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.4. Exclusion from refugee protection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Even if a foreign former combatant has a genuine fear of persecution, he\/she may not be eligible for international protection as a refugee if he\/she has committed acts that would mean that the exclusion clauses of the Refugee Convention would apply to him\/her. This is to prevent abuse of asylum by undeserving persons who have seriously abused the human rights of others.The issue of exclusion from protection as a refugee will be particularly relevant if there are serious reasons for believing that an individual has committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime outside the country of refuge before he\/she was admitted to that country as a refugee, or acts contrary to the pur\u00ad poses and principles of the UN. As defined by international instruments and interpreted in case law, exclusion clauses would apply if an individual had committed any of the following: \\n crimes against peace, e.g., planning or participating in an unlawful war; \\n war crimes involving grave breaches of international humanitarian law, e.g., mistreatment of civilians and prisoners of war, infliction of unjustified property damage during wartime; \\n crimes against humanity involving fundamentally inhumane conduct on a widespread or system\u00ad atic scale against a civilian population, e.g., genocide, slavery, torture, rape, deportations; \\n serious non\u00adpolitical crimes committed outside the country of refuge prior to admission to that country as a refugee: The purpose of this clause is to ensure that important fugitives from justice are not able to avoid the jurisdiction of a State in which they may lawfully face punishment for genuine, serious crimes, by claiming refugee status in another country; \\n acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN: This clause covers, for example, high\u00ad level government officials (Heads of State, ministers, high officials) who have exploited their political authority to endanger the well\u00adbeing of individuals, their country and\/ or the world community.A foreign former combatant cannot be excluded from refugee protection simply because he\/she is a member of an organization or political party involved in a conflict. It must be established whether he\/she was personally responsible for excludable acts. However, affili\u00ad ation with a particularly violent group or unit (that is known on the basis of clear and cred\u00ad ible information from the country of origin to carry out serious crimes of the type included in the exclusion clauses) may not only be important evidence, but also give rise to a presump\u00ad tion that the individual has been involved in the excludable acts of that group. However, the procedure for determining refugee status must give the individual an opportunity to show that this is not the case. If an individual can defend his\/her actions or claim mitigating circumstances, these should be taken into account in assessing whether to exclude an indi\u00ad vidual from refugee protection.In examining refugee claims by foreign children associated with armed forces and groups, a child\u2019s age and maturity should be taken into account when assessing whether he\/she had the mental capacity to be held responsible for crimes that may exclude him\/her from protection as a refugee.Refugee status may be cancelled if information comes to light that an individual, who was recognized as a refugee (either individually or on a prima facie basis), should have been subject to the exclusion clauses when the refugee status was accorded (i.e., where refugee status was obtained through fraudulent means or substantial misrepresentations).Refugee status may be withdrawn if an individual who was properly recognized as a refugee later commits acts covered by the exclusion clauses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1309, "Sentence":"However, the procedure for determining refugee status must give the individual an opportunity to show that this is not the case.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements however procedure determining refugee status must give individual opportunity show case ." }, { "ID":65, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.3. Determining refugee status", "Heading3":"13.3.4. Exclusion from refugee protection", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"Even if a foreign former combatant has a genuine fear of persecution, he\/she may not be eligible for international protection as a refugee if he\/she has committed acts that would mean that the exclusion clauses of the Refugee Convention would apply to him\/her. This is to prevent abuse of asylum by undeserving persons who have seriously abused the human rights of others.The issue of exclusion from protection as a refugee will be particularly relevant if there are serious reasons for believing that an individual has committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime outside the country of refuge before he\/she was admitted to that country as a refugee, or acts contrary to the pur\u00ad poses and principles of the UN. As defined by international instruments and interpreted in case law, exclusion clauses would apply if an individual had committed any of the following: \\n crimes against peace, e.g., planning or participating in an unlawful war; \\n war crimes involving grave breaches of international humanitarian law, e.g., mistreatment of civilians and prisoners of war, infliction of unjustified property damage during wartime; \\n crimes against humanity involving fundamentally inhumane conduct on a widespread or system\u00ad atic scale against a civilian population, e.g., genocide, slavery, torture, rape, deportations; \\n serious non\u00adpolitical crimes committed outside the country of refuge prior to admission to that country as a refugee: The purpose of this clause is to ensure that important fugitives from justice are not able to avoid the jurisdiction of a State in which they may lawfully face punishment for genuine, serious crimes, by claiming refugee status in another country; \\n acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN: This clause covers, for example, high\u00ad level government officials (Heads of State, ministers, high officials) who have exploited their political authority to endanger the well\u00adbeing of individuals, their country and\/ or the world community.A foreign former combatant cannot be excluded from refugee protection simply because he\/she is a member of an organization or political party involved in a conflict. It must be established whether he\/she was personally responsible for excludable acts. However, affili\u00ad ation with a particularly violent group or unit (that is known on the basis of clear and cred\u00ad ible information from the country of origin to carry out serious crimes of the type included in the exclusion clauses) may not only be important evidence, but also give rise to a presump\u00ad tion that the individual has been involved in the excludable acts of that group. However, the procedure for determining refugee status must give the individual an opportunity to show that this is not the case. If an individual can defend his\/her actions or claim mitigating circumstances, these should be taken into account in assessing whether to exclude an indi\u00ad vidual from refugee protection.In examining refugee claims by foreign children associated with armed forces and groups, a child\u2019s age and maturity should be taken into account when assessing whether he\/she had the mental capacity to be held responsible for crimes that may exclude him\/her from protection as a refugee.Refugee status may be cancelled if information comes to light that an individual, who was recognized as a refugee (either individually or on a prima facie basis), should have been subject to the exclusion clauses when the refugee status was accorded (i.e., where refugee status was obtained through fraudulent means or substantial misrepresentations).Refugee status may be withdrawn if an individual who was properly recognized as a refugee later commits acts covered by the exclusion clauses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1309, "Sentence":"If an individual can defend his\/her actions or claim mitigating circumstances, these should be taken into account in assessing whether to exclude an indi\u00ad vidual from refugee protection.In examining refugee claims by foreign children associated with armed forces and groups, a child\u2019s age and maturity should be taken into account when assessing whether he\/she had the mental capacity to be held responsible for crimes that may exclude him\/her from protection as a refugee.Refugee status may be cancelled if information comes to light that an individual, who was recognized as a refugee (either individually or on a prima facie basis), should have been subject to the exclusion clauses when the refugee status was accorded (i.e., where refugee status was obtained through fraudulent means or substantial misrepresentations).Refugee status may be withdrawn if an individual who was properly recognized as a refugee later commits acts covered by the exclusion clauses.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements individual defend his\/her action claim mitigating circumstance taken account assessing whether exclude indi\u00ad vidual refugee protection.in examining refugee claim foreign child associated armed force group child \u2019 age maturity taken account assessing whether he\/she mental capacity held responsible crime may exclude him\/her protection refugee.refugee status may cancelled information come light individual recognized refugee either individually prima facie basis subject exclusion clause refugee status accorded i.e . refugee status obtained fraudulent mean substantial misrepresentations.refugee status may withdrawn individual properly recognized refugee later commits act covered exclusion clause ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.4. Foreign former combatants who are given refugee status", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"When foreign former combatants are recognized as refugees, UNHCR will try to integrate them into the country of asylum or resettle them in a third country. The refugee always has the option to voluntarily repatriate in the future, when conditions in his\/her country of origin improve.Foreign former combatants who have been detained (e.g., in internment camps) should be reunited with their families as soon as they are found to be refugees and may be accom\u00ad modated in refugee camps or settlements, but specific measures may be necessary to protect them.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1310, "Sentence":"When foreign former combatants are recognized as refugees, UNHCR will try to integrate them into the country of asylum or resettle them in a third country.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements foreign former combatant recognized refugee unhcr try integrate country asylum resettle third country ." }, { "ID":66, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.4. Foreign former combatants who are given refugee status", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"When foreign former combatants are recognized as refugees, UNHCR will try to integrate them into the country of asylum or resettle them in a third country. The refugee always has the option to voluntarily repatriate in the future, when conditions in his\/her country of origin improve.Foreign former combatants who have been detained (e.g., in internment camps) should be reunited with their families as soon as they are found to be refugees and may be accom\u00ad modated in refugee camps or settlements, but specific measures may be necessary to protect them.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1310, "Sentence":"The refugee always has the option to voluntarily repatriate in the future, when conditions in his\/her country of origin improve.Foreign former combatants who have been detained (e.g., in internment camps) should be reunited with their families as soon as they are found to be refugees and may be accom\u00ad modated in refugee camps or settlements, but specific measures may be necessary to protect them.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements refugee always option voluntarily repatriate future condition his\/her country origin improve.foreign former combatant detained e.g . internment camp reunited family soon found refugee may accom\u00ad modated refugee camp settlement specific measure may necessary protect ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.5. Foreign former combatants who are excluded from protection as refugees", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Individuals who fall within the Refugee Convention\u2019s exclusion clauses are not entitled to international protection or assistance from UNHCR. As a matter of principle, they should not be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements. Practical solutions to manage them will depend on the host country\u2019s capacity and willingness to deal with matters such as separating them from refugee populations.Foreign former combatants who are excluded from protection as refugees may be re\u00ad turned to their country of origin. However, the UN Convention Against Torture provides an obligation for host countries not to return an individual to his\/her country of origin where there are serious reasons to believe he\/she would be tortured or treated inhumanely in other ways. In such cases, the UNHCHR and UN missions, as well as any human rights organizations established in the host country, should advocate for the protection provided in the Convention Against Torture.Foreign former combatants who have committed crimes that exclude them from being given refugee status should not only be excluded from refugee protection, but also be brought to justice, e.g., extradited to face prosecution in the domestic courts of the country of origin or international tribunals (ad hoc war crimes tribunals and the International Criminal Court). In exceptional cases of the most serious types of crimes (e.g., genocide, serious breaches of the laws of armed conflict, torture as defined in the Convention Against Torture), there have been an increasing number of prosecutions in the national courts of host countries, under the principle of universality, which recognizes that some crimes are so grave that all countries have an interest in prosecuting them.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1311, "Sentence":"Individuals who fall within the Refugee Convention\u2019s exclusion clauses are not entitled to international protection or assistance from UNHCR.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements individual fall within refugee convention \u2019 exclusion clause entitled international protection assistance unhcr ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.5. Foreign former combatants who are excluded from protection as refugees", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Individuals who fall within the Refugee Convention\u2019s exclusion clauses are not entitled to international protection or assistance from UNHCR. As a matter of principle, they should not be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements. Practical solutions to manage them will depend on the host country\u2019s capacity and willingness to deal with matters such as separating them from refugee populations.Foreign former combatants who are excluded from protection as refugees may be re\u00ad turned to their country of origin. However, the UN Convention Against Torture provides an obligation for host countries not to return an individual to his\/her country of origin where there are serious reasons to believe he\/she would be tortured or treated inhumanely in other ways. In such cases, the UNHCHR and UN missions, as well as any human rights organizations established in the host country, should advocate for the protection provided in the Convention Against Torture.Foreign former combatants who have committed crimes that exclude them from being given refugee status should not only be excluded from refugee protection, but also be brought to justice, e.g., extradited to face prosecution in the domestic courts of the country of origin or international tribunals (ad hoc war crimes tribunals and the International Criminal Court). In exceptional cases of the most serious types of crimes (e.g., genocide, serious breaches of the laws of armed conflict, torture as defined in the Convention Against Torture), there have been an increasing number of prosecutions in the national courts of host countries, under the principle of universality, which recognizes that some crimes are so grave that all countries have an interest in prosecuting them.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1311, "Sentence":"As a matter of principle, they should not be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements matter principle accommodated refugee camp settlement ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.5. Foreign former combatants who are excluded from protection as refugees", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Individuals who fall within the Refugee Convention\u2019s exclusion clauses are not entitled to international protection or assistance from UNHCR. As a matter of principle, they should not be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements. Practical solutions to manage them will depend on the host country\u2019s capacity and willingness to deal with matters such as separating them from refugee populations.Foreign former combatants who are excluded from protection as refugees may be re\u00ad turned to their country of origin. However, the UN Convention Against Torture provides an obligation for host countries not to return an individual to his\/her country of origin where there are serious reasons to believe he\/she would be tortured or treated inhumanely in other ways. In such cases, the UNHCHR and UN missions, as well as any human rights organizations established in the host country, should advocate for the protection provided in the Convention Against Torture.Foreign former combatants who have committed crimes that exclude them from being given refugee status should not only be excluded from refugee protection, but also be brought to justice, e.g., extradited to face prosecution in the domestic courts of the country of origin or international tribunals (ad hoc war crimes tribunals and the International Criminal Court). In exceptional cases of the most serious types of crimes (e.g., genocide, serious breaches of the laws of armed conflict, torture as defined in the Convention Against Torture), there have been an increasing number of prosecutions in the national courts of host countries, under the principle of universality, which recognizes that some crimes are so grave that all countries have an interest in prosecuting them.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1311, "Sentence":"Practical solutions to manage them will depend on the host country\u2019s capacity and willingness to deal with matters such as separating them from refugee populations.Foreign former combatants who are excluded from protection as refugees may be re\u00ad turned to their country of origin.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements practical solution manage depend host country \u2019 capacity willingness deal matter separating refugee populations.foreign former combatant excluded protection refugee may re\u00ad turned country origin ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.5. Foreign former combatants who are excluded from protection as refugees", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Individuals who fall within the Refugee Convention\u2019s exclusion clauses are not entitled to international protection or assistance from UNHCR. As a matter of principle, they should not be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements. Practical solutions to manage them will depend on the host country\u2019s capacity and willingness to deal with matters such as separating them from refugee populations.Foreign former combatants who are excluded from protection as refugees may be re\u00ad turned to their country of origin. However, the UN Convention Against Torture provides an obligation for host countries not to return an individual to his\/her country of origin where there are serious reasons to believe he\/she would be tortured or treated inhumanely in other ways. In such cases, the UNHCHR and UN missions, as well as any human rights organizations established in the host country, should advocate for the protection provided in the Convention Against Torture.Foreign former combatants who have committed crimes that exclude them from being given refugee status should not only be excluded from refugee protection, but also be brought to justice, e.g., extradited to face prosecution in the domestic courts of the country of origin or international tribunals (ad hoc war crimes tribunals and the International Criminal Court). In exceptional cases of the most serious types of crimes (e.g., genocide, serious breaches of the laws of armed conflict, torture as defined in the Convention Against Torture), there have been an increasing number of prosecutions in the national courts of host countries, under the principle of universality, which recognizes that some crimes are so grave that all countries have an interest in prosecuting them.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1311, "Sentence":"However, the UN Convention Against Torture provides an obligation for host countries not to return an individual to his\/her country of origin where there are serious reasons to believe he\/she would be tortured or treated inhumanely in other ways.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements however un convention torture provides obligation host country return individual his\/her country origin serious reason believe he\/she would tortured treated inhumanely way ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.5. Foreign former combatants who are excluded from protection as refugees", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Individuals who fall within the Refugee Convention\u2019s exclusion clauses are not entitled to international protection or assistance from UNHCR. As a matter of principle, they should not be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements. Practical solutions to manage them will depend on the host country\u2019s capacity and willingness to deal with matters such as separating them from refugee populations.Foreign former combatants who are excluded from protection as refugees may be re\u00ad turned to their country of origin. However, the UN Convention Against Torture provides an obligation for host countries not to return an individual to his\/her country of origin where there are serious reasons to believe he\/she would be tortured or treated inhumanely in other ways. In such cases, the UNHCHR and UN missions, as well as any human rights organizations established in the host country, should advocate for the protection provided in the Convention Against Torture.Foreign former combatants who have committed crimes that exclude them from being given refugee status should not only be excluded from refugee protection, but also be brought to justice, e.g., extradited to face prosecution in the domestic courts of the country of origin or international tribunals (ad hoc war crimes tribunals and the International Criminal Court). In exceptional cases of the most serious types of crimes (e.g., genocide, serious breaches of the laws of armed conflict, torture as defined in the Convention Against Torture), there have been an increasing number of prosecutions in the national courts of host countries, under the principle of universality, which recognizes that some crimes are so grave that all countries have an interest in prosecuting them.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1311, "Sentence":"In such cases, the UNHCHR and UN missions, as well as any human rights organizations established in the host country, should advocate for the protection provided in the Convention Against Torture.Foreign former combatants who have committed crimes that exclude them from being given refugee status should not only be excluded from refugee protection, but also be brought to justice, e.g., extradited to face prosecution in the domestic courts of the country of origin or international tribunals (ad hoc war crimes tribunals and the International Criminal Court).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements case unhchr un mission well human right organization established host country advocate protection provided convention torture.foreign former combatant committed crime exclude given refugee status excluded refugee protection also brought justice e.g . extradited face prosecution domestic court country origin international tribunal ad hoc war crime tribunal international criminal court ." }, { "ID":67, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.5. Foreign former combatants who are excluded from protection as refugees", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"Individuals who fall within the Refugee Convention\u2019s exclusion clauses are not entitled to international protection or assistance from UNHCR. As a matter of principle, they should not be accommodated in refugee camps or settlements. Practical solutions to manage them will depend on the host country\u2019s capacity and willingness to deal with matters such as separating them from refugee populations.Foreign former combatants who are excluded from protection as refugees may be re\u00ad turned to their country of origin. However, the UN Convention Against Torture provides an obligation for host countries not to return an individual to his\/her country of origin where there are serious reasons to believe he\/she would be tortured or treated inhumanely in other ways. In such cases, the UNHCHR and UN missions, as well as any human rights organizations established in the host country, should advocate for the protection provided in the Convention Against Torture.Foreign former combatants who have committed crimes that exclude them from being given refugee status should not only be excluded from refugee protection, but also be brought to justice, e.g., extradited to face prosecution in the domestic courts of the country of origin or international tribunals (ad hoc war crimes tribunals and the International Criminal Court). In exceptional cases of the most serious types of crimes (e.g., genocide, serious breaches of the laws of armed conflict, torture as defined in the Convention Against Torture), there have been an increasing number of prosecutions in the national courts of host countries, under the principle of universality, which recognizes that some crimes are so grave that all countries have an interest in prosecuting them.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1311, "Sentence":"In exceptional cases of the most serious types of crimes (e.g., genocide, serious breaches of the laws of armed conflict, torture as defined in the Convention Against Torture), there have been an increasing number of prosecutions in the national courts of host countries, under the principle of universality, which recognizes that some crimes are so grave that all countries have an interest in prosecuting them.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements exceptional case serious type crime e.g . genocide serious breach law armed conflict torture defined convention torture increasing number prosecution national court host country principle universality recognizes crime grave country interest prosecuting ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.6. Foreign former combatants who do not meet the criteria for refugee status and are not in need of international protection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"The term \u2018not in need of international protection\u2019 is understood to refer to persons who, after due consideration of their applications for refugee status in fair procedures, are found not to qualify for refugee status under refugee conventions, nor to be in need of international protection on other grounds after a review of protection needs of whatever nature, and who are not authorized to stay in the host country for other good reasons. Such persons include those for whom there are no serious reasons to believe that they would be tortured or treated inhumanely in other ways if returned to the country of origin, as provided for under the UN Convention Against Torture.Foreign former combatants whose applications for refugee status have been rejected by fair procedures and who have been assessed not to be in need of international protection on any other basis may be returned to their country of origin, as an exercise of national sovereignty by the host country if it does not want them to be integrated into the local community. Return of persons not in need of international protection is necessary in order to maintain the integrity of the asylum system. The return of such persons is a bilateral matter between the two countries. The UN mission and other relevant agencies (e.g., UNHCHR, IOM) should support governments in finding other options, such as repatriation and local integration, for foreign former combatants who are not in need of international protection.15", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1312, "Sentence":"The term \u2018not in need of international protection\u2019 is understood to refer to persons who, after due consideration of their applications for refugee status in fair procedures, are found not to qualify for refugee status under refugee conventions, nor to be in need of international protection on other grounds after a review of protection needs of whatever nature, and who are not authorized to stay in the host country for other good reasons.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements term \u2018 need international protection \u2019 understood refer person due consideration application refugee status fair procedure found qualify refugee status refugee convention need international protection ground review protection need whatever nature authorized stay host country good reason ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.6. Foreign former combatants who do not meet the criteria for refugee status and are not in need of international protection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"The term \u2018not in need of international protection\u2019 is understood to refer to persons who, after due consideration of their applications for refugee status in fair procedures, are found not to qualify for refugee status under refugee conventions, nor to be in need of international protection on other grounds after a review of protection needs of whatever nature, and who are not authorized to stay in the host country for other good reasons. Such persons include those for whom there are no serious reasons to believe that they would be tortured or treated inhumanely in other ways if returned to the country of origin, as provided for under the UN Convention Against Torture.Foreign former combatants whose applications for refugee status have been rejected by fair procedures and who have been assessed not to be in need of international protection on any other basis may be returned to their country of origin, as an exercise of national sovereignty by the host country if it does not want them to be integrated into the local community. Return of persons not in need of international protection is necessary in order to maintain the integrity of the asylum system. The return of such persons is a bilateral matter between the two countries. The UN mission and other relevant agencies (e.g., UNHCHR, IOM) should support governments in finding other options, such as repatriation and local integration, for foreign former combatants who are not in need of international protection.15", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1312, "Sentence":"Such persons include those for whom there are no serious reasons to believe that they would be tortured or treated inhumanely in other ways if returned to the country of origin, as provided for under the UN Convention Against Torture.Foreign former combatants whose applications for refugee status have been rejected by fair procedures and who have been assessed not to be in need of international protection on any other basis may be returned to their country of origin, as an exercise of national sovereignty by the host country if it does not want them to be integrated into the local community.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements person include serious reason believe would tortured treated inhumanely way returned country origin provided un convention torture.foreign former combatant whose application refugee status rejected fair procedure assessed need international protection basis may returned country origin exercise national sovereignty host country want integrated local community ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.6. Foreign former combatants who do not meet the criteria for refugee status and are not in need of international protection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"The term \u2018not in need of international protection\u2019 is understood to refer to persons who, after due consideration of their applications for refugee status in fair procedures, are found not to qualify for refugee status under refugee conventions, nor to be in need of international protection on other grounds after a review of protection needs of whatever nature, and who are not authorized to stay in the host country for other good reasons. Such persons include those for whom there are no serious reasons to believe that they would be tortured or treated inhumanely in other ways if returned to the country of origin, as provided for under the UN Convention Against Torture.Foreign former combatants whose applications for refugee status have been rejected by fair procedures and who have been assessed not to be in need of international protection on any other basis may be returned to their country of origin, as an exercise of national sovereignty by the host country if it does not want them to be integrated into the local community. Return of persons not in need of international protection is necessary in order to maintain the integrity of the asylum system. The return of such persons is a bilateral matter between the two countries. The UN mission and other relevant agencies (e.g., UNHCHR, IOM) should support governments in finding other options, such as repatriation and local integration, for foreign former combatants who are not in need of international protection.15", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1312, "Sentence":"Return of persons not in need of international protection is necessary in order to maintain the integrity of the asylum system.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements return person need international protection necessary order maintain integrity asylum system ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.6. Foreign former combatants who do not meet the criteria for refugee status and are not in need of international protection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"The term \u2018not in need of international protection\u2019 is understood to refer to persons who, after due consideration of their applications for refugee status in fair procedures, are found not to qualify for refugee status under refugee conventions, nor to be in need of international protection on other grounds after a review of protection needs of whatever nature, and who are not authorized to stay in the host country for other good reasons. Such persons include those for whom there are no serious reasons to believe that they would be tortured or treated inhumanely in other ways if returned to the country of origin, as provided for under the UN Convention Against Torture.Foreign former combatants whose applications for refugee status have been rejected by fair procedures and who have been assessed not to be in need of international protection on any other basis may be returned to their country of origin, as an exercise of national sovereignty by the host country if it does not want them to be integrated into the local community. Return of persons not in need of international protection is necessary in order to maintain the integrity of the asylum system. The return of such persons is a bilateral matter between the two countries. The UN mission and other relevant agencies (e.g., UNHCHR, IOM) should support governments in finding other options, such as repatriation and local integration, for foreign former combatants who are not in need of international protection.15", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1312, "Sentence":"The return of such persons is a bilateral matter between the two countries.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements return person bilateral matter two country ." }, { "ID":68, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"13. Foreign former combatants who choose not to repatriate: Status and solutions", "Heading2":"13.6. Foreign former combatants who do not meet the criteria for refugee status and are not in need of international protection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":35, "Paragraph":"The term \u2018not in need of international protection\u2019 is understood to refer to persons who, after due consideration of their applications for refugee status in fair procedures, are found not to qualify for refugee status under refugee conventions, nor to be in need of international protection on other grounds after a review of protection needs of whatever nature, and who are not authorized to stay in the host country for other good reasons. Such persons include those for whom there are no serious reasons to believe that they would be tortured or treated inhumanely in other ways if returned to the country of origin, as provided for under the UN Convention Against Torture.Foreign former combatants whose applications for refugee status have been rejected by fair procedures and who have been assessed not to be in need of international protection on any other basis may be returned to their country of origin, as an exercise of national sovereignty by the host country if it does not want them to be integrated into the local community. Return of persons not in need of international protection is necessary in order to maintain the integrity of the asylum system. The return of such persons is a bilateral matter between the two countries. The UN mission and other relevant agencies (e.g., UNHCHR, IOM) should support governments in finding other options, such as repatriation and local integration, for foreign former combatants who are not in need of international protection.15", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1312, "Sentence":"The UN mission and other relevant agencies (e.g., UNHCHR, IOM) should support governments in finding other options, such as repatriation and local integration, for foreign former combatants who are not in need of international protection.15", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements un mission relevant agency e.g . unhchr iom support government finding option repatriation local integration foreign former combatant need international protection.15" }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n (NB: For the purposes of this document, the following terms are given the meaning set out below, without prejudice to more precise definitions they may have for other purposes.)Asylum: The grant, by a State, of protection on its territory to persons from another State who are fleeing persecution or serious danger. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum encompasses a variety of elements, including non\u00adrefoulement, permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.Asylum seeker: A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a possible country of refuge.Child associated with armed forces and groups: According to the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced mar\u00ad riage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried weapons.\u201d For further discussion of the term, see the entry in IDRRS 1.20.Combatant: Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Conven\u00ad tion of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who: \\n is a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or is actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or \\n is involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\n holds a command or decision\u00admaking position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\n arrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\n having arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.Exclusion from protection as a refugee: This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would other\u00ad wise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Ex-combatant\/Former combatant: A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the above definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process.Foreign former combatant: A person who previously met the above definition of combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him\u00ad\/herself.Host country: A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.Internally displaced persons (IDPs): Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human\u00admade disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement).Internee: A person who falls within the definition of combatant (see above) who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.Internment: An obligation of a neutral State to restrict the liberty of movement of foreign combatants who cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on Land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the in\u00ad ternees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.\\n\\n 1. A mercenary is any person who: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict; \\n b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and func\u00ad tions in the armed forces of that party; \\n c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict; \\n d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. \\n\\n 2. A mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at: \\n (i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or \\n (ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State; \\n b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compensation; \\n c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed; \\n d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and \\n e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken.Non-refoulement: A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law and is a rule of customary international law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.Prima facie: As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obviously to be a refugee.Refugee: A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n \u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\n Has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\n Is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\n\\n In Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Conven\u00ad tion Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Carta\u00ad gena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.Refugee status determination: Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.Returnee: A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex\u00adcombatant) returning to a community\/town\/ village after conflict has ended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1313, "Sentence":"Terms and definitions \\n (NB: For the purposes of this document, the following terms are given the meaning set out below, without prejudice to more precise definitions they may have for other purposes.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements term definition n nb purpose document following term given meaning set without prejudice precise definition may purpose ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n (NB: For the purposes of this document, the following terms are given the meaning set out below, without prejudice to more precise definitions they may have for other purposes.)Asylum: The grant, by a State, of protection on its territory to persons from another State who are fleeing persecution or serious danger. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum encompasses a variety of elements, including non\u00adrefoulement, permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.Asylum seeker: A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a possible country of refuge.Child associated with armed forces and groups: According to the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced mar\u00ad riage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried weapons.\u201d For further discussion of the term, see the entry in IDRRS 1.20.Combatant: Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Conven\u00ad tion of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who: \\n is a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or is actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or \\n is involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\n holds a command or decision\u00admaking position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\n arrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\n having arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.Exclusion from protection as a refugee: This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would other\u00ad wise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Ex-combatant\/Former combatant: A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the above definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process.Foreign former combatant: A person who previously met the above definition of combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him\u00ad\/herself.Host country: A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.Internally displaced persons (IDPs): Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human\u00admade disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement).Internee: A person who falls within the definition of combatant (see above) who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.Internment: An obligation of a neutral State to restrict the liberty of movement of foreign combatants who cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on Land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the in\u00ad ternees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.\\n\\n 1. A mercenary is any person who: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict; \\n b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and func\u00ad tions in the armed forces of that party; \\n c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict; \\n d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. \\n\\n 2. A mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at: \\n (i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or \\n (ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State; \\n b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compensation; \\n c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed; \\n d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and \\n e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken.Non-refoulement: A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law and is a rule of customary international law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.Prima facie: As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obviously to be a refugee.Refugee: A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n \u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\n Has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\n Is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\n\\n In Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Conven\u00ad tion Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Carta\u00ad gena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.Refugee status determination: Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.Returnee: A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex\u00adcombatant) returning to a community\/town\/ village after conflict has ended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1313, "Sentence":")Asylum: The grant, by a State, of protection on its territory to persons from another State who are fleeing persecution or serious danger.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements asylum grant state protection territory person another state fleeing persecution serious danger ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n (NB: For the purposes of this document, the following terms are given the meaning set out below, without prejudice to more precise definitions they may have for other purposes.)Asylum: The grant, by a State, of protection on its territory to persons from another State who are fleeing persecution or serious danger. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum encompasses a variety of elements, including non\u00adrefoulement, permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.Asylum seeker: A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a possible country of refuge.Child associated with armed forces and groups: According to the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced mar\u00ad riage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried weapons.\u201d For further discussion of the term, see the entry in IDRRS 1.20.Combatant: Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Conven\u00ad tion of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who: \\n is a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or is actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or \\n is involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\n holds a command or decision\u00admaking position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\n arrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\n having arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.Exclusion from protection as a refugee: This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would other\u00ad wise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Ex-combatant\/Former combatant: A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the above definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process.Foreign former combatant: A person who previously met the above definition of combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him\u00ad\/herself.Host country: A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.Internally displaced persons (IDPs): Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human\u00admade disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement).Internee: A person who falls within the definition of combatant (see above) who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.Internment: An obligation of a neutral State to restrict the liberty of movement of foreign combatants who cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on Land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the in\u00ad ternees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.\\n\\n 1. A mercenary is any person who: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict; \\n b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and func\u00ad tions in the armed forces of that party; \\n c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict; \\n d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. \\n\\n 2. A mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at: \\n (i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or \\n (ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State; \\n b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compensation; \\n c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed; \\n d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and \\n e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken.Non-refoulement: A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law and is a rule of customary international law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.Prima facie: As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obviously to be a refugee.Refugee: A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n \u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\n Has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\n Is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\n\\n In Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Conven\u00ad tion Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Carta\u00ad gena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.Refugee status determination: Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.Returnee: A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex\u00adcombatant) returning to a community\/town\/ village after conflict has ended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1313, "Sentence":"A person who is granted asylum is a refugee.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements person granted asylum refugee ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n (NB: For the purposes of this document, the following terms are given the meaning set out below, without prejudice to more precise definitions they may have for other purposes.)Asylum: The grant, by a State, of protection on its territory to persons from another State who are fleeing persecution or serious danger. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum encompasses a variety of elements, including non\u00adrefoulement, permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.Asylum seeker: A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a possible country of refuge.Child associated with armed forces and groups: According to the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced mar\u00ad riage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried weapons.\u201d For further discussion of the term, see the entry in IDRRS 1.20.Combatant: Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Conven\u00ad tion of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who: \\n is a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or is actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or \\n is involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\n holds a command or decision\u00admaking position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\n arrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\n having arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.Exclusion from protection as a refugee: This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would other\u00ad wise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Ex-combatant\/Former combatant: A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the above definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process.Foreign former combatant: A person who previously met the above definition of combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him\u00ad\/herself.Host country: A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.Internally displaced persons (IDPs): Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human\u00admade disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement).Internee: A person who falls within the definition of combatant (see above) who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.Internment: An obligation of a neutral State to restrict the liberty of movement of foreign combatants who cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on Land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the in\u00ad ternees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.\\n\\n 1. A mercenary is any person who: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict; \\n b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and func\u00ad tions in the armed forces of that party; \\n c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict; \\n d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. \\n\\n 2. A mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at: \\n (i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or \\n (ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State; \\n b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compensation; \\n c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed; \\n d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and \\n e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken.Non-refoulement: A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law and is a rule of customary international law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.Prima facie: As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obviously to be a refugee.Refugee: A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n \u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\n Has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\n Is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\n\\n In Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Conven\u00ad tion Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Carta\u00ad gena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.Refugee status determination: Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.Returnee: A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex\u00adcombatant) returning to a community\/town\/ village after conflict has ended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1313, "Sentence":"Asylum encompasses a variety of elements, including non\u00adrefoulement, permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.Asylum seeker: A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a possible country of refuge.Child associated with armed forces and groups: According to the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements asylum encompasses variety element including non\u00adrefoulement permission remain territory asylum country humane standard treatment.asylum seeker person whose request application refugee status finally decided possible country refuge.child associated armed force group according cape town principle best practice 1997 \u201c person 18 year age part kind regular irregular armed force armed group capacity including limited cook porter messenger anyone accompanying group family member ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n (NB: For the purposes of this document, the following terms are given the meaning set out below, without prejudice to more precise definitions they may have for other purposes.)Asylum: The grant, by a State, of protection on its territory to persons from another State who are fleeing persecution or serious danger. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum encompasses a variety of elements, including non\u00adrefoulement, permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.Asylum seeker: A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a possible country of refuge.Child associated with armed forces and groups: According to the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced mar\u00ad riage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried weapons.\u201d For further discussion of the term, see the entry in IDRRS 1.20.Combatant: Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Conven\u00ad tion of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who: \\n is a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or is actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or \\n is involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\n holds a command or decision\u00admaking position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\n arrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\n having arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.Exclusion from protection as a refugee: This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would other\u00ad wise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Ex-combatant\/Former combatant: A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the above definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process.Foreign former combatant: A person who previously met the above definition of combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him\u00ad\/herself.Host country: A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.Internally displaced persons (IDPs): Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human\u00admade disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement).Internee: A person who falls within the definition of combatant (see above) who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.Internment: An obligation of a neutral State to restrict the liberty of movement of foreign combatants who cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on Land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the in\u00ad ternees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.\\n\\n 1. A mercenary is any person who: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict; \\n b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and func\u00ad tions in the armed forces of that party; \\n c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict; \\n d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. \\n\\n 2. A mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at: \\n (i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or \\n (ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State; \\n b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compensation; \\n c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed; \\n d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and \\n e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken.Non-refoulement: A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law and is a rule of customary international law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.Prima facie: As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obviously to be a refugee.Refugee: A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n \u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\n Has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\n Is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\n\\n In Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Conven\u00ad tion Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Carta\u00ad gena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.Refugee status determination: Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.Returnee: A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex\u00adcombatant) returning to a community\/town\/ village after conflict has ended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1313, "Sentence":"The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced mar\u00ad riage.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements definition includes girl recruited sexual purpose forced mar\u00ad riage ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n (NB: For the purposes of this document, the following terms are given the meaning set out below, without prejudice to more precise definitions they may have for other purposes.)Asylum: The grant, by a State, of protection on its territory to persons from another State who are fleeing persecution or serious danger. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum encompasses a variety of elements, including non\u00adrefoulement, permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.Asylum seeker: A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a possible country of refuge.Child associated with armed forces and groups: According to the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced mar\u00ad riage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried weapons.\u201d For further discussion of the term, see the entry in IDRRS 1.20.Combatant: Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Conven\u00ad tion of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who: \\n is a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or is actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or \\n is involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\n holds a command or decision\u00admaking position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\n arrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\n having arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.Exclusion from protection as a refugee: This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would other\u00ad wise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Ex-combatant\/Former combatant: A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the above definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process.Foreign former combatant: A person who previously met the above definition of combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him\u00ad\/herself.Host country: A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.Internally displaced persons (IDPs): Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human\u00admade disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement).Internee: A person who falls within the definition of combatant (see above) who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.Internment: An obligation of a neutral State to restrict the liberty of movement of foreign combatants who cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on Land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the in\u00ad ternees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.\\n\\n 1. A mercenary is any person who: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict; \\n b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and func\u00ad tions in the armed forces of that party; \\n c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict; \\n d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. \\n\\n 2. A mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at: \\n (i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or \\n (ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State; \\n b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compensation; \\n c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed; \\n d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and \\n e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken.Non-refoulement: A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law and is a rule of customary international law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.Prima facie: As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obviously to be a refugee.Refugee: A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n \u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\n Has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\n Is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\n\\n In Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Conven\u00ad tion Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Carta\u00ad gena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.Refugee status determination: Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.Returnee: A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex\u00adcombatant) returning to a community\/town\/ village after conflict has ended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1313, "Sentence":"It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried weapons.\u201d For further discussion of the term, see the entry in IDRRS 1.20.Combatant: Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Conven\u00ad tion of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who: \\n is a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or is actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or \\n is involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\n holds a command or decision\u00admaking position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\n arrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\n having arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.Exclusion from protection as a refugee: This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would other\u00ad wise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Ex-combatant\/Former combatant: A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the above definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process.Foreign former combatant: A person who previously met the above definition of combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him\u00ad\/herself.Host country: A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.Internally displaced persons (IDPs): Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human\u00admade disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement).Internee: A person who falls within the definition of combatant (see above) who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.Internment: An obligation of a neutral State to restrict the liberty of movement of foreign combatants who cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on Land.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements therefore refer child carrying carried weapons. \u201d discussion term see entry idrrs 1.20.combatant based analogy definition set third geneva conven\u00ad tion 1949 relative treatment prisoner war relation person engaged international armed conflict combatant person n member national army irregular military organization actively participating military activity hostility n involved recruiting training military personnel n hold command decision\u00admaking position within national army armed organization n arrived host country carrying arm military uniform part military structure n arrived host country ordinary civilian thereafter assumes show determination assume attributes.exclusion protection refugee provided legal provision refugee law deny benefit international protection person would other\u00ad wise satisfy criterion refugee status including person respect serious reason considering committed crime peace war crime crime humanity serious non\u00adpolitical crime act contrary purpose principle un.excombatant\/former combatant person assumed responsibility carried activity mentioned definition \u2018 combatant \u2019 laid surrendered his\/her arm view entering ddr process.foreign former combatant person previously met definition combatant since disarmed genuinely demobilized national country he\/she find him\u00ad\/herself.host country foreign country whose territory combatant crosses.internally displaced person idp person obliged flee home \u201c particular result order avoid effect armed conflict situation generalized violence violation human right natural human\u00admade disaster crossed internationally recognized state border \u201d according definition un guiding principle internal displacement.internee person fall within definition combatant see crossed international border state experiencing armed conflict interned neutral state whose territory he\/she entered.internment obligation neutral state restrict liberty movement foreign combatant cross territory provided 1907 hague convention respecting right duty neutral power person case war land ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n (NB: For the purposes of this document, the following terms are given the meaning set out below, without prejudice to more precise definitions they may have for other purposes.)Asylum: The grant, by a State, of protection on its territory to persons from another State who are fleeing persecution or serious danger. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum encompasses a variety of elements, including non\u00adrefoulement, permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.Asylum seeker: A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a possible country of refuge.Child associated with armed forces and groups: According to the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced mar\u00ad riage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried weapons.\u201d For further discussion of the term, see the entry in IDRRS 1.20.Combatant: Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Conven\u00ad tion of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who: \\n is a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or is actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or \\n is involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\n holds a command or decision\u00admaking position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\n arrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\n having arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.Exclusion from protection as a refugee: This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would other\u00ad wise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Ex-combatant\/Former combatant: A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the above definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process.Foreign former combatant: A person who previously met the above definition of combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him\u00ad\/herself.Host country: A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.Internally displaced persons (IDPs): Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human\u00admade disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement).Internee: A person who falls within the definition of combatant (see above) who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.Internment: An obligation of a neutral State to restrict the liberty of movement of foreign combatants who cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on Land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the in\u00ad ternees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.\\n\\n 1. A mercenary is any person who: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict; \\n b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and func\u00ad tions in the armed forces of that party; \\n c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict; \\n d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. \\n\\n 2. A mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at: \\n (i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or \\n (ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State; \\n b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compensation; \\n c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed; \\n d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and \\n e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken.Non-refoulement: A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law and is a rule of customary international law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.Prima facie: As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obviously to be a refugee.Refugee: A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n \u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\n Has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\n Is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\n\\n In Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Conven\u00ad tion Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Carta\u00ad gena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.Refugee status determination: Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.Returnee: A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex\u00adcombatant) returning to a community\/town\/ village after conflict has ended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1313, "Sentence":"This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements rule considered attained customary international law status binding state whether party hague convention ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n (NB: For the purposes of this document, the following terms are given the meaning set out below, without prejudice to more precise definitions they may have for other purposes.)Asylum: The grant, by a State, of protection on its territory to persons from another State who are fleeing persecution or serious danger. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum encompasses a variety of elements, including non\u00adrefoulement, permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.Asylum seeker: A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a possible country of refuge.Child associated with armed forces and groups: According to the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced mar\u00ad riage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried weapons.\u201d For further discussion of the term, see the entry in IDRRS 1.20.Combatant: Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Conven\u00ad tion of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who: \\n is a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or is actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or \\n is involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\n holds a command or decision\u00admaking position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\n arrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\n having arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.Exclusion from protection as a refugee: This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would other\u00ad wise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Ex-combatant\/Former combatant: A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the above definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process.Foreign former combatant: A person who previously met the above definition of combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him\u00ad\/herself.Host country: A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.Internally displaced persons (IDPs): Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human\u00admade disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement).Internee: A person who falls within the definition of combatant (see above) who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.Internment: An obligation of a neutral State to restrict the liberty of movement of foreign combatants who cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on Land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the in\u00ad ternees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.\\n\\n 1. A mercenary is any person who: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict; \\n b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and func\u00ad tions in the armed forces of that party; \\n c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict; \\n d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. \\n\\n 2. A mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at: \\n (i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or \\n (ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State; \\n b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compensation; \\n c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed; \\n d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and \\n e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken.Non-refoulement: A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law and is a rule of customary international law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.Prima facie: As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obviously to be a refugee.Refugee: A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n \u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\n Has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\n Is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\n\\n In Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Conven\u00ad tion Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Carta\u00ad gena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.Refugee status determination: Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.Returnee: A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex\u00adcombatant) returning to a community\/town\/ village after conflict has ended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1313, "Sentence":"It is appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements appli\u00ad cable analogy also internal armed conflict combatant government armed force opposition armed group enter territory neutral state ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n (NB: For the purposes of this document, the following terms are given the meaning set out below, without prejudice to more precise definitions they may have for other purposes.)Asylum: The grant, by a State, of protection on its territory to persons from another State who are fleeing persecution or serious danger. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum encompasses a variety of elements, including non\u00adrefoulement, permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.Asylum seeker: A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a possible country of refuge.Child associated with armed forces and groups: According to the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced mar\u00ad riage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried weapons.\u201d For further discussion of the term, see the entry in IDRRS 1.20.Combatant: Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Conven\u00ad tion of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who: \\n is a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or is actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or \\n is involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\n holds a command or decision\u00admaking position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\n arrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\n having arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.Exclusion from protection as a refugee: This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would other\u00ad wise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Ex-combatant\/Former combatant: A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the above definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process.Foreign former combatant: A person who previously met the above definition of combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him\u00ad\/herself.Host country: A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.Internally displaced persons (IDPs): Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human\u00admade disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement).Internee: A person who falls within the definition of combatant (see above) who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.Internment: An obligation of a neutral State to restrict the liberty of movement of foreign combatants who cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on Land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the in\u00ad ternees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.\\n\\n 1. A mercenary is any person who: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict; \\n b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and func\u00ad tions in the armed forces of that party; \\n c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict; \\n d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. \\n\\n 2. A mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at: \\n (i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or \\n (ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State; \\n b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compensation; \\n c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed; \\n d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and \\n e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken.Non-refoulement: A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law and is a rule of customary international law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.Prima facie: As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obviously to be a refugee.Refugee: A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n \u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\n Has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\n Is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\n\\n In Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Conven\u00ad tion Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Carta\u00ad gena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.Refugee status determination: Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.Returnee: A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex\u00adcombatant) returning to a community\/town\/ village after conflict has ended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1313, "Sentence":"Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements internment involves confining foreign combatant separated civilian safe location away combat zone providing basic relief humane treatment ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n (NB: For the purposes of this document, the following terms are given the meaning set out below, without prejudice to more precise definitions they may have for other purposes.)Asylum: The grant, by a State, of protection on its territory to persons from another State who are fleeing persecution or serious danger. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum encompasses a variety of elements, including non\u00adrefoulement, permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.Asylum seeker: A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a possible country of refuge.Child associated with armed forces and groups: According to the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced mar\u00ad riage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried weapons.\u201d For further discussion of the term, see the entry in IDRRS 1.20.Combatant: Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Conven\u00ad tion of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who: \\n is a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or is actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or \\n is involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\n holds a command or decision\u00admaking position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\n arrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\n having arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.Exclusion from protection as a refugee: This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would other\u00ad wise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Ex-combatant\/Former combatant: A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the above definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process.Foreign former combatant: A person who previously met the above definition of combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him\u00ad\/herself.Host country: A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.Internally displaced persons (IDPs): Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human\u00admade disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement).Internee: A person who falls within the definition of combatant (see above) who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.Internment: An obligation of a neutral State to restrict the liberty of movement of foreign combatants who cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on Land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the in\u00ad ternees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.\\n\\n 1. A mercenary is any person who: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict; \\n b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and func\u00ad tions in the armed forces of that party; \\n c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict; \\n d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. \\n\\n 2. A mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at: \\n (i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or \\n (ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State; \\n b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compensation; \\n c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed; \\n d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and \\n e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken.Non-refoulement: A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law and is a rule of customary international law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.Prima facie: As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obviously to be a refugee.Refugee: A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n \u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\n Has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\n Is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\n\\n In Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Conven\u00ad tion Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Carta\u00ad gena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.Refugee status determination: Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.Returnee: A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex\u00adcombatant) returning to a community\/town\/ village after conflict has ended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1313, "Sentence":"Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the in\u00ad ternees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.\\n\\n 1.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements varying degree freedom movement provided subject interning state ensuring in\u00ad ternees use territory participation hostilities.nn 1 ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n (NB: For the purposes of this document, the following terms are given the meaning set out below, without prejudice to more precise definitions they may have for other purposes.)Asylum: The grant, by a State, of protection on its territory to persons from another State who are fleeing persecution or serious danger. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum encompasses a variety of elements, including non\u00adrefoulement, permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.Asylum seeker: A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a possible country of refuge.Child associated with armed forces and groups: According to the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced mar\u00ad riage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried weapons.\u201d For further discussion of the term, see the entry in IDRRS 1.20.Combatant: Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Conven\u00ad tion of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who: \\n is a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or is actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or \\n is involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\n holds a command or decision\u00admaking position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\n arrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\n having arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.Exclusion from protection as a refugee: This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would other\u00ad wise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Ex-combatant\/Former combatant: A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the above definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process.Foreign former combatant: A person who previously met the above definition of combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him\u00ad\/herself.Host country: A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.Internally displaced persons (IDPs): Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human\u00admade disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement).Internee: A person who falls within the definition of combatant (see above) who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.Internment: An obligation of a neutral State to restrict the liberty of movement of foreign combatants who cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on Land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the in\u00ad ternees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.\\n\\n 1. A mercenary is any person who: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict; \\n b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and func\u00ad tions in the armed forces of that party; \\n c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict; \\n d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. \\n\\n 2. A mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at: \\n (i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or \\n (ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State; \\n b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compensation; \\n c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed; \\n d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and \\n e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken.Non-refoulement: A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law and is a rule of customary international law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.Prima facie: As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obviously to be a refugee.Refugee: A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n \u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\n Has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\n Is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\n\\n In Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Conven\u00ad tion Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Carta\u00ad gena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.Refugee status determination: Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.Returnee: A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex\u00adcombatant) returning to a community\/town\/ village after conflict has ended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1313, "Sentence":"A mercenary is any person who: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict; \\n b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and func\u00ad tions in the armed forces of that party; \\n c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict; \\n d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements mercenary person n specially recruited locally abroad order fight armed conflict n b motivated take part hostility essentially desire private gain fact promised behalf party conflict material compensation substantially excess promised paid combatant similar rank func\u00ad tions armed force party n c neither national party conflict resident territory controlled party conflict n member armed force party conflict n e sent state party conflict official duty member armed force ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n (NB: For the purposes of this document, the following terms are given the meaning set out below, without prejudice to more precise definitions they may have for other purposes.)Asylum: The grant, by a State, of protection on its territory to persons from another State who are fleeing persecution or serious danger. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum encompasses a variety of elements, including non\u00adrefoulement, permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.Asylum seeker: A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a possible country of refuge.Child associated with armed forces and groups: According to the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced mar\u00ad riage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried weapons.\u201d For further discussion of the term, see the entry in IDRRS 1.20.Combatant: Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Conven\u00ad tion of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who: \\n is a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or is actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or \\n is involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\n holds a command or decision\u00admaking position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\n arrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\n having arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.Exclusion from protection as a refugee: This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would other\u00ad wise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Ex-combatant\/Former combatant: A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the above definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process.Foreign former combatant: A person who previously met the above definition of combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him\u00ad\/herself.Host country: A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.Internally displaced persons (IDPs): Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human\u00admade disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement).Internee: A person who falls within the definition of combatant (see above) who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.Internment: An obligation of a neutral State to restrict the liberty of movement of foreign combatants who cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on Land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the in\u00ad ternees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.\\n\\n 1. A mercenary is any person who: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict; \\n b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and func\u00ad tions in the armed forces of that party; \\n c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict; \\n d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. \\n\\n 2. A mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at: \\n (i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or \\n (ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State; \\n b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compensation; \\n c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed; \\n d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and \\n e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken.Non-refoulement: A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law and is a rule of customary international law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.Prima facie: As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obviously to be a refugee.Refugee: A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n \u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\n Has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\n Is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\n\\n In Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Conven\u00ad tion Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Carta\u00ad gena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.Refugee status determination: Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.Returnee: A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex\u00adcombatant) returning to a community\/town\/ village after conflict has ended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1313, "Sentence":"\\n\\n 2.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn 2 ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n (NB: For the purposes of this document, the following terms are given the meaning set out below, without prejudice to more precise definitions they may have for other purposes.)Asylum: The grant, by a State, of protection on its territory to persons from another State who are fleeing persecution or serious danger. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum encompasses a variety of elements, including non\u00adrefoulement, permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.Asylum seeker: A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a possible country of refuge.Child associated with armed forces and groups: According to the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced mar\u00ad riage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried weapons.\u201d For further discussion of the term, see the entry in IDRRS 1.20.Combatant: Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Conven\u00ad tion of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who: \\n is a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or is actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or \\n is involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\n holds a command or decision\u00admaking position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\n arrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\n having arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.Exclusion from protection as a refugee: This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would other\u00ad wise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Ex-combatant\/Former combatant: A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the above definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process.Foreign former combatant: A person who previously met the above definition of combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him\u00ad\/herself.Host country: A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.Internally displaced persons (IDPs): Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human\u00admade disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement).Internee: A person who falls within the definition of combatant (see above) who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.Internment: An obligation of a neutral State to restrict the liberty of movement of foreign combatants who cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on Land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the in\u00ad ternees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.\\n\\n 1. A mercenary is any person who: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict; \\n b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and func\u00ad tions in the armed forces of that party; \\n c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict; \\n d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. \\n\\n 2. A mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at: \\n (i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or \\n (ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State; \\n b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compensation; \\n c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed; \\n d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and \\n e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken.Non-refoulement: A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law and is a rule of customary international law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.Prima facie: As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obviously to be a refugee.Refugee: A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n \u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\n Has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\n Is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\n\\n In Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Conven\u00ad tion Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Carta\u00ad gena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.Refugee status determination: Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.Returnee: A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex\u00adcombatant) returning to a community\/town\/ village after conflict has ended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1313, "Sentence":"A mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at: \\n (i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or \\n (ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State; \\n b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compensation; \\n c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed; \\n d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and \\n e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken.Non-refoulement: A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements mercenary also person situation n specially recruited locally abroad purpose participating concerted act violence aimed n overthrowing government otherwise undermining constitutional order state n ii undermining territorial integrity state n b motivated take part therein essentially desire significant private gain prompted promise payment material compensation n c neither national resident state act directed n sent state official duty n e member armed force state whose territory act undertaken.nonrefoulement core principle international law prohibits state returning person manner whatsoever country territory life freedom may threatened ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n (NB: For the purposes of this document, the following terms are given the meaning set out below, without prejudice to more precise definitions they may have for other purposes.)Asylum: The grant, by a State, of protection on its territory to persons from another State who are fleeing persecution or serious danger. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum encompasses a variety of elements, including non\u00adrefoulement, permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.Asylum seeker: A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a possible country of refuge.Child associated with armed forces and groups: According to the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced mar\u00ad riage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried weapons.\u201d For further discussion of the term, see the entry in IDRRS 1.20.Combatant: Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Conven\u00ad tion of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who: \\n is a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or is actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or \\n is involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\n holds a command or decision\u00admaking position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\n arrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\n having arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.Exclusion from protection as a refugee: This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would other\u00ad wise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Ex-combatant\/Former combatant: A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the above definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process.Foreign former combatant: A person who previously met the above definition of combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him\u00ad\/herself.Host country: A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.Internally displaced persons (IDPs): Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human\u00admade disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement).Internee: A person who falls within the definition of combatant (see above) who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.Internment: An obligation of a neutral State to restrict the liberty of movement of foreign combatants who cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on Land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the in\u00ad ternees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.\\n\\n 1. A mercenary is any person who: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict; \\n b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and func\u00ad tions in the armed forces of that party; \\n c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict; \\n d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. \\n\\n 2. A mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at: \\n (i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or \\n (ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State; \\n b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compensation; \\n c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed; \\n d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and \\n e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken.Non-refoulement: A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law and is a rule of customary international law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.Prima facie: As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obviously to be a refugee.Refugee: A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n \u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\n Has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\n Is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\n\\n In Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Conven\u00ad tion Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Carta\u00ad gena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.Refugee status determination: Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.Returnee: A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex\u00adcombatant) returning to a community\/town\/ village after conflict has ended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1313, "Sentence":"It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law and is a rule of customary international law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.Prima facie: As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obviously to be a refugee.Refugee: A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n \u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\n Has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\n Is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\n\\n In Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements find expression refugee law human right law international humanitarian law rule customary international law therefore binding state whether party specific instrument 1951 convention relating status refugees.prima facie appearing first sight first impression relating refugee someone seems obviously refugee.refugee refugee defined 1951 un convention relating status refugee person n \u201c outside country origin n well\u00adfounded fear persecution race religion nationality member\u00ad ship particular social group political opinion n unable unwilling avail protection country return fear persecution. \u201d nn africa latin america definition extended ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n (NB: For the purposes of this document, the following terms are given the meaning set out below, without prejudice to more precise definitions they may have for other purposes.)Asylum: The grant, by a State, of protection on its territory to persons from another State who are fleeing persecution or serious danger. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum encompasses a variety of elements, including non\u00adrefoulement, permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.Asylum seeker: A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a possible country of refuge.Child associated with armed forces and groups: According to the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced mar\u00ad riage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried weapons.\u201d For further discussion of the term, see the entry in IDRRS 1.20.Combatant: Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Conven\u00ad tion of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who: \\n is a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or is actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or \\n is involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\n holds a command or decision\u00admaking position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\n arrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\n having arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.Exclusion from protection as a refugee: This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would other\u00ad wise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Ex-combatant\/Former combatant: A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the above definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process.Foreign former combatant: A person who previously met the above definition of combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him\u00ad\/herself.Host country: A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.Internally displaced persons (IDPs): Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human\u00admade disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement).Internee: A person who falls within the definition of combatant (see above) who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.Internment: An obligation of a neutral State to restrict the liberty of movement of foreign combatants who cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on Land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the in\u00ad ternees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.\\n\\n 1. A mercenary is any person who: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict; \\n b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and func\u00ad tions in the armed forces of that party; \\n c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict; \\n d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. \\n\\n 2. A mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at: \\n (i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or \\n (ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State; \\n b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compensation; \\n c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed; \\n d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and \\n e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken.Non-refoulement: A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law and is a rule of customary international law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.Prima facie: As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obviously to be a refugee.Refugee: A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n \u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\n Has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\n Is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\n\\n In Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Conven\u00ad tion Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Carta\u00ad gena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.Refugee status determination: Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.Returnee: A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex\u00adcombatant) returning to a community\/town\/ village after conflict has ended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1313, "Sentence":"The 1969 OAU Conven\u00ad tion Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 1969 oau conven\u00ad tion governing specific aspect refugee problem africa also includes refugee person fleeing civil disturbance widespread violence war ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n (NB: For the purposes of this document, the following terms are given the meaning set out below, without prejudice to more precise definitions they may have for other purposes.)Asylum: The grant, by a State, of protection on its territory to persons from another State who are fleeing persecution or serious danger. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum encompasses a variety of elements, including non\u00adrefoulement, permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.Asylum seeker: A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a possible country of refuge.Child associated with armed forces and groups: According to the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced mar\u00ad riage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried weapons.\u201d For further discussion of the term, see the entry in IDRRS 1.20.Combatant: Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Conven\u00ad tion of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who: \\n is a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or is actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or \\n is involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\n holds a command or decision\u00admaking position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\n arrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\n having arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.Exclusion from protection as a refugee: This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would other\u00ad wise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Ex-combatant\/Former combatant: A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the above definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process.Foreign former combatant: A person who previously met the above definition of combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him\u00ad\/herself.Host country: A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.Internally displaced persons (IDPs): Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human\u00admade disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement).Internee: A person who falls within the definition of combatant (see above) who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.Internment: An obligation of a neutral State to restrict the liberty of movement of foreign combatants who cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on Land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the in\u00ad ternees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.\\n\\n 1. A mercenary is any person who: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict; \\n b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and func\u00ad tions in the armed forces of that party; \\n c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict; \\n d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. \\n\\n 2. A mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at: \\n (i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or \\n (ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State; \\n b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compensation; \\n c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed; \\n d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and \\n e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken.Non-refoulement: A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law and is a rule of customary international law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.Prima facie: As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obviously to be a refugee.Refugee: A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n \u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\n Has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\n Is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\n\\n In Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Conven\u00ad tion Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Carta\u00ad gena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.Refugee status determination: Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.Returnee: A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex\u00adcombatant) returning to a community\/town\/ village after conflict has ended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1313, "Sentence":"In Latin America, the Carta\u00ad gena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.Refugee status determination: Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.Returnee: A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements latin america carta\u00ad gena declaration 1984 although binding recommends definition also include person fled country \u201c life safety freedom threatened generalized violence foreign aggression internal conflict massive violation human right circumstance seriously disturbed public order \u201d .refugee status determination legal administrative procedure undertaken unhcr and\/or state determine whether individual recognized refugee accordance national international law.returnee refugee voluntarily repatriated country asylum his\/her country origin country origin confirmed environment stable secure prone persecution person ." }, { "ID":69, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex A: Abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"Terms and definitions \\n (NB: For the purposes of this document, the following terms are given the meaning set out below, without prejudice to more precise definitions they may have for other purposes.)Asylum: The grant, by a State, of protection on its territory to persons from another State who are fleeing persecution or serious danger. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum encompasses a variety of elements, including non\u00adrefoulement, permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.Asylum seeker: A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a possible country of refuge.Child associated with armed forces and groups: According to the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced mar\u00ad riage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried weapons.\u201d For further discussion of the term, see the entry in IDRRS 1.20.Combatant: Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Conven\u00ad tion of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who: \\n is a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or is actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or \\n is involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\n holds a command or decision\u00admaking position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\n arrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\n having arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.Exclusion from protection as a refugee: This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would other\u00ad wise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non\u00adpolitical crime, or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.Ex-combatant\/Former combatant: A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the above definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his\/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process.Foreign former combatant: A person who previously met the above definition of combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he\/she finds him\u00ad\/herself.Host country: A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.Internally displaced persons (IDPs): Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human\u00admade disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement).Internee: A person who falls within the definition of combatant (see above) who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he\/she has entered.Internment: An obligation of a neutral State to restrict the liberty of movement of foreign combatants who cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on Land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is appli\u00ad cable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the in\u00ad ternees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.\\n\\n 1. A mercenary is any person who: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict; \\n b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and func\u00ad tions in the armed forces of that party; \\n c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict; \\n d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces. \\n\\n 2. A mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation: \\n a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at: \\n (i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or \\n (ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State; \\n b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compensation; \\n c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed; \\n d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and \\n e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken.Non-refoulement: A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law and is a rule of customary international law and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.Prima facie: As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obviously to be a refugee.Refugee: A refugee is defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n \u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\n Has a well\u00adfounded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, member\u00ad ship of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\n Is unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\n\\n In Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Conven\u00ad tion Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Carta\u00ad gena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.Refugee status determination: Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and\/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.Returnee: A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his\/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex\u00adcombatant) returning to a community\/town\/ village after conflict has ended.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1313, "Sentence":"Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex\u00adcombatant) returning to a community\/town\/ village after conflict has ended.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements also refers person could internally displaced person idp ex\u00adcombatant returning community\/town\/ village conflict ended ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex C: UNHCR Executive COmmittee COnclusion On the Civilian and Humanitarian Character Of Asylum NO. 94 (LIII)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"The Executive Committee, \\n\\n Remaining seriously concerned by the continuing occurrence of military or armed attacks and other threats to the security of refugees, including the infiltration and presence of armed elements in refugee camps and settlements;17 \\n\\n Recalling the relevant provisions of international refugee law, international human rights law and international humanitarian law; \\n\\n Recalling its Conclusion No. 27 (XXXIII) and Conclusion No. 32 (XXXIV) on military attacks on refugee camps and settlements in Southern Africa and elsewhere; Conclusion 72 (XLIV) on personal security of refugees; Conclusion No. 48 (XXXVIII) on military or armed attacks on refugee camps and settlements; Conclusion No. 47 (XXXVIII) and Conclusion No. 84 (XLVII), on refugee children and adolescents, as well as Conclusion 64 (XLI) on refugee women and international protection; \\n\\n Recalling also United Nations Security Council resolution S\/RES\/1208 (1998) and S\/RES\/1296 (2000), and the two reports of the United Nations Secretary\u00adGeneral on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict18, noting in particular the recommendations made therein with respect to enhancing the security of refugee camps and settlements; \\n\\n Welcoming the discussion which took place on the civilian character of asylum in the context of the Global Consultations on International Protection;19 \\n\\n Noting that several international meetings have recently been held, aimed at identifying effective operational strategies for maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum;20 \\n\\n Reiterating that refugee camps and settlements should have an exclusively civilian and humanitarian character, that the grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act which should not be regarded as unfriendly by another State, as stated in the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa and a number of EXCOM Conclusions, and that all actors, including refugees themselves, have the obligation to coop\u00ad erate in ensuring the peaceful and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements; \\n\\n Recognizing that the presence of armed elements in refugee camps or settlements; recruit\u00ad ment and training by government armed forces or organized armed groups; the use of such camps, intended to accommodate refugee populations on purely humanitarian grounds, for the internment of prisoners of war; as well as other forms of exploitation of refugee situations for the purpose of promoting military objectives are likely to expose refugees, par\u00ad ticularly women and children, to serious physical danger, inhibit the realization of durable solutions, in particular voluntary repatriation, but also local integration, jeopardize the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum and may threaten the national security of States, as well as inter\u00adState relations; \\n\\n Recognizing the special protection needs of refugee children and adolescents who, especially when living in camps where refugees are mixed with armed elements, are particularly vul\u00ad nerable to recruitment by government armed forces or organized armed groups; \\n\\n Reaffirming the importance of States, UNHCR and other relevant actors, integrating safety and security concerns from the outset of a refugee emergency into refugee camp manage\u00ad ment in a holistic manner; \\n (a) Acknowledges that host States have the primary responsibility to ensure the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum by, inter alia, making all efforts to locate refugee camps and settlements at a reasonable distance from the border, maintaining law and order, curtailing the flow of arms into refugee camps and settlements, preventing their use for the internment of prisoners of war, as well as through the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants; \\n (b) Urges refugee\u00adhosting States to respect the civilian and humanitarian character of refu\u00ad gee camps by preventing their use for purposes which are incompatible with their civilian character; \\n (c) Recommends that action taken by States to ensure respect for the civilian and humani\u00ad tarian character of asylum be guided, inter alia, by the following principles; \\n (i) Respect for the right to seek asylum, and for the fundamental principle of non\u00ad refoulement, should be maintained at all times; \\n (ii) Measures for the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, sep\u00ad aration and internment of combatants should be taken as early as possible, preferably at the point of entry or at the first reception\/transit centres for new arrivals; \\n (iii) To facilitate early identification and separation of combatants, registration of new arrivals should be conducted by means of a careful screening process; \\n (iv) Refugee camps and settlements should benefit from adequate security arrange\u00ad ments to deter infiltration by armed elements and the strengthening of law and order; \\n (v) Once identified, disarmed and separated from the refugee population, combat\u00ad ants should be interned at a safe location from the border; \\n (vi) Where the granting of refugee status is based on group determination, civilian family members of combatants should be treated as refugees and should not be interned together with them; \\n (vii) Combatants should not be considered as asylum\u00adseekers until the authorities have established within a reasonable timeframe that they have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities. Once this has been established, special procedures should be put in place for individual refugee status deter\u00ad mination, to ensure that those seeking asylum fulfil the criteria for the recogni\u00ad tion of refugee status. During the refugee status determination process, utmost attention should be paid to article 1F of the 1951 Convention, in order to avoid abuse of the asylum system by those who do not deserve international protection; \\n (viii) Former child soldiers should benefit from special protection and assistance measures, in particular as regards their demobilization and rehabilitation; \\n (ix) Where necessary, host States should develop, with assistance from UNHCR, operational guidelines in the context of group determination to exclude those individuals who are not deserving of international refugee protection; \\n (d) Further to para 3 (b) above, calls upon UNHCR to convene a meeting of experts in sup\u00ad port of the elaboration of measures for the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation, and internment of combatants, including the clarification of relevant procedures and standards, in consultation with States, United Nations Secre\u00ad tariat entities and agencies, and interested organizations, such as the ICRC, and report back to the Executive Committee on progress achieved; \\n (e) Calls upon States to ensure that measures are taken to prevent the recruitment of refugees by government armed forces or organized armed groups, in particular of children, taking into account also that unaccompanied and separated children are even more vulner\u00ad able to recruitment than other children; \\n (f) Calls upon the relevant United Nations organs and regional organizations, in pursuance of their respective mandates, as well as the international community at large, to mobi\u00ad lize adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, in line with the principles of international solidarity, co\u00adoperation, burden and responsibility sharing; \\n (g) Calls upon UNHCR and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations of the United Nations Secretariat to enhance collaboration on all aspects of this complex matter, and as appropriate, to deploy, with the consent of host States, multi\u00addisciplinary assess\u00ad ment teams to an emerging crisis area in order to clarify the situation on the ground, evaluate security threats for refugee populations and consider appropriate practical responses; \\n (h) Calls upon UNHCR to explore how it may develop, in consultation with relevant part\u00ad ners, its own institutional capacity to address insecurity in refugee camps, inter alia by assisting States to ensure the physical safety and dignity of refugees, building, as appro\u00ad priate, upon its protection and operational expertise.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1314, "Sentence":"The Executive Committee, \\n\\n Remaining seriously concerned by the continuing occurrence of military or armed attacks and other threats to the security of refugees, including the infiltration and presence of armed elements in refugee camps and settlements;17 \\n\\n Recalling the relevant provisions of international refugee law, international human rights law and international humanitarian law; \\n\\n Recalling its Conclusion No.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements executive committee nn remaining seriously concerned continuing occurrence military armed attack threat security refugee including infiltration presence armed element refugee camp settlements17 nn recalling relevant provision international refugee law international human right law international humanitarian law nn recalling conclusion ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex C: UNHCR Executive COmmittee COnclusion On the Civilian and Humanitarian Character Of Asylum NO. 94 (LIII)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"The Executive Committee, \\n\\n Remaining seriously concerned by the continuing occurrence of military or armed attacks and other threats to the security of refugees, including the infiltration and presence of armed elements in refugee camps and settlements;17 \\n\\n Recalling the relevant provisions of international refugee law, international human rights law and international humanitarian law; \\n\\n Recalling its Conclusion No. 27 (XXXIII) and Conclusion No. 32 (XXXIV) on military attacks on refugee camps and settlements in Southern Africa and elsewhere; Conclusion 72 (XLIV) on personal security of refugees; Conclusion No. 48 (XXXVIII) on military or armed attacks on refugee camps and settlements; Conclusion No. 47 (XXXVIII) and Conclusion No. 84 (XLVII), on refugee children and adolescents, as well as Conclusion 64 (XLI) on refugee women and international protection; \\n\\n Recalling also United Nations Security Council resolution S\/RES\/1208 (1998) and S\/RES\/1296 (2000), and the two reports of the United Nations Secretary\u00adGeneral on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict18, noting in particular the recommendations made therein with respect to enhancing the security of refugee camps and settlements; \\n\\n Welcoming the discussion which took place on the civilian character of asylum in the context of the Global Consultations on International Protection;19 \\n\\n Noting that several international meetings have recently been held, aimed at identifying effective operational strategies for maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum;20 \\n\\n Reiterating that refugee camps and settlements should have an exclusively civilian and humanitarian character, that the grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act which should not be regarded as unfriendly by another State, as stated in the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa and a number of EXCOM Conclusions, and that all actors, including refugees themselves, have the obligation to coop\u00ad erate in ensuring the peaceful and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements; \\n\\n Recognizing that the presence of armed elements in refugee camps or settlements; recruit\u00ad ment and training by government armed forces or organized armed groups; the use of such camps, intended to accommodate refugee populations on purely humanitarian grounds, for the internment of prisoners of war; as well as other forms of exploitation of refugee situations for the purpose of promoting military objectives are likely to expose refugees, par\u00ad ticularly women and children, to serious physical danger, inhibit the realization of durable solutions, in particular voluntary repatriation, but also local integration, jeopardize the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum and may threaten the national security of States, as well as inter\u00adState relations; \\n\\n Recognizing the special protection needs of refugee children and adolescents who, especially when living in camps where refugees are mixed with armed elements, are particularly vul\u00ad nerable to recruitment by government armed forces or organized armed groups; \\n\\n Reaffirming the importance of States, UNHCR and other relevant actors, integrating safety and security concerns from the outset of a refugee emergency into refugee camp manage\u00ad ment in a holistic manner; \\n (a) Acknowledges that host States have the primary responsibility to ensure the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum by, inter alia, making all efforts to locate refugee camps and settlements at a reasonable distance from the border, maintaining law and order, curtailing the flow of arms into refugee camps and settlements, preventing their use for the internment of prisoners of war, as well as through the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants; \\n (b) Urges refugee\u00adhosting States to respect the civilian and humanitarian character of refu\u00ad gee camps by preventing their use for purposes which are incompatible with their civilian character; \\n (c) Recommends that action taken by States to ensure respect for the civilian and humani\u00ad tarian character of asylum be guided, inter alia, by the following principles; \\n (i) Respect for the right to seek asylum, and for the fundamental principle of non\u00ad refoulement, should be maintained at all times; \\n (ii) Measures for the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, sep\u00ad aration and internment of combatants should be taken as early as possible, preferably at the point of entry or at the first reception\/transit centres for new arrivals; \\n (iii) To facilitate early identification and separation of combatants, registration of new arrivals should be conducted by means of a careful screening process; \\n (iv) Refugee camps and settlements should benefit from adequate security arrange\u00ad ments to deter infiltration by armed elements and the strengthening of law and order; \\n (v) Once identified, disarmed and separated from the refugee population, combat\u00ad ants should be interned at a safe location from the border; \\n (vi) Where the granting of refugee status is based on group determination, civilian family members of combatants should be treated as refugees and should not be interned together with them; \\n (vii) Combatants should not be considered as asylum\u00adseekers until the authorities have established within a reasonable timeframe that they have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities. Once this has been established, special procedures should be put in place for individual refugee status deter\u00ad mination, to ensure that those seeking asylum fulfil the criteria for the recogni\u00ad tion of refugee status. During the refugee status determination process, utmost attention should be paid to article 1F of the 1951 Convention, in order to avoid abuse of the asylum system by those who do not deserve international protection; \\n (viii) Former child soldiers should benefit from special protection and assistance measures, in particular as regards their demobilization and rehabilitation; \\n (ix) Where necessary, host States should develop, with assistance from UNHCR, operational guidelines in the context of group determination to exclude those individuals who are not deserving of international refugee protection; \\n (d) Further to para 3 (b) above, calls upon UNHCR to convene a meeting of experts in sup\u00ad port of the elaboration of measures for the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation, and internment of combatants, including the clarification of relevant procedures and standards, in consultation with States, United Nations Secre\u00ad tariat entities and agencies, and interested organizations, such as the ICRC, and report back to the Executive Committee on progress achieved; \\n (e) Calls upon States to ensure that measures are taken to prevent the recruitment of refugees by government armed forces or organized armed groups, in particular of children, taking into account also that unaccompanied and separated children are even more vulner\u00ad able to recruitment than other children; \\n (f) Calls upon the relevant United Nations organs and regional organizations, in pursuance of their respective mandates, as well as the international community at large, to mobi\u00ad lize adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, in line with the principles of international solidarity, co\u00adoperation, burden and responsibility sharing; \\n (g) Calls upon UNHCR and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations of the United Nations Secretariat to enhance collaboration on all aspects of this complex matter, and as appropriate, to deploy, with the consent of host States, multi\u00addisciplinary assess\u00ad ment teams to an emerging crisis area in order to clarify the situation on the ground, evaluate security threats for refugee populations and consider appropriate practical responses; \\n (h) Calls upon UNHCR to explore how it may develop, in consultation with relevant part\u00ad ners, its own institutional capacity to address insecurity in refugee camps, inter alia by assisting States to ensure the physical safety and dignity of refugees, building, as appro\u00ad priate, upon its protection and operational expertise.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1314, "Sentence":"27 (XXXIII) and Conclusion No.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 27 xxxiii conclusion ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex C: UNHCR Executive COmmittee COnclusion On the Civilian and Humanitarian Character Of Asylum NO. 94 (LIII)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"The Executive Committee, \\n\\n Remaining seriously concerned by the continuing occurrence of military or armed attacks and other threats to the security of refugees, including the infiltration and presence of armed elements in refugee camps and settlements;17 \\n\\n Recalling the relevant provisions of international refugee law, international human rights law and international humanitarian law; \\n\\n Recalling its Conclusion No. 27 (XXXIII) and Conclusion No. 32 (XXXIV) on military attacks on refugee camps and settlements in Southern Africa and elsewhere; Conclusion 72 (XLIV) on personal security of refugees; Conclusion No. 48 (XXXVIII) on military or armed attacks on refugee camps and settlements; Conclusion No. 47 (XXXVIII) and Conclusion No. 84 (XLVII), on refugee children and adolescents, as well as Conclusion 64 (XLI) on refugee women and international protection; \\n\\n Recalling also United Nations Security Council resolution S\/RES\/1208 (1998) and S\/RES\/1296 (2000), and the two reports of the United Nations Secretary\u00adGeneral on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict18, noting in particular the recommendations made therein with respect to enhancing the security of refugee camps and settlements; \\n\\n Welcoming the discussion which took place on the civilian character of asylum in the context of the Global Consultations on International Protection;19 \\n\\n Noting that several international meetings have recently been held, aimed at identifying effective operational strategies for maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum;20 \\n\\n Reiterating that refugee camps and settlements should have an exclusively civilian and humanitarian character, that the grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act which should not be regarded as unfriendly by another State, as stated in the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa and a number of EXCOM Conclusions, and that all actors, including refugees themselves, have the obligation to coop\u00ad erate in ensuring the peaceful and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements; \\n\\n Recognizing that the presence of armed elements in refugee camps or settlements; recruit\u00ad ment and training by government armed forces or organized armed groups; the use of such camps, intended to accommodate refugee populations on purely humanitarian grounds, for the internment of prisoners of war; as well as other forms of exploitation of refugee situations for the purpose of promoting military objectives are likely to expose refugees, par\u00ad ticularly women and children, to serious physical danger, inhibit the realization of durable solutions, in particular voluntary repatriation, but also local integration, jeopardize the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum and may threaten the national security of States, as well as inter\u00adState relations; \\n\\n Recognizing the special protection needs of refugee children and adolescents who, especially when living in camps where refugees are mixed with armed elements, are particularly vul\u00ad nerable to recruitment by government armed forces or organized armed groups; \\n\\n Reaffirming the importance of States, UNHCR and other relevant actors, integrating safety and security concerns from the outset of a refugee emergency into refugee camp manage\u00ad ment in a holistic manner; \\n (a) Acknowledges that host States have the primary responsibility to ensure the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum by, inter alia, making all efforts to locate refugee camps and settlements at a reasonable distance from the border, maintaining law and order, curtailing the flow of arms into refugee camps and settlements, preventing their use for the internment of prisoners of war, as well as through the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants; \\n (b) Urges refugee\u00adhosting States to respect the civilian and humanitarian character of refu\u00ad gee camps by preventing their use for purposes which are incompatible with their civilian character; \\n (c) Recommends that action taken by States to ensure respect for the civilian and humani\u00ad tarian character of asylum be guided, inter alia, by the following principles; \\n (i) Respect for the right to seek asylum, and for the fundamental principle of non\u00ad refoulement, should be maintained at all times; \\n (ii) Measures for the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, sep\u00ad aration and internment of combatants should be taken as early as possible, preferably at the point of entry or at the first reception\/transit centres for new arrivals; \\n (iii) To facilitate early identification and separation of combatants, registration of new arrivals should be conducted by means of a careful screening process; \\n (iv) Refugee camps and settlements should benefit from adequate security arrange\u00ad ments to deter infiltration by armed elements and the strengthening of law and order; \\n (v) Once identified, disarmed and separated from the refugee population, combat\u00ad ants should be interned at a safe location from the border; \\n (vi) Where the granting of refugee status is based on group determination, civilian family members of combatants should be treated as refugees and should not be interned together with them; \\n (vii) Combatants should not be considered as asylum\u00adseekers until the authorities have established within a reasonable timeframe that they have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities. Once this has been established, special procedures should be put in place for individual refugee status deter\u00ad mination, to ensure that those seeking asylum fulfil the criteria for the recogni\u00ad tion of refugee status. During the refugee status determination process, utmost attention should be paid to article 1F of the 1951 Convention, in order to avoid abuse of the asylum system by those who do not deserve international protection; \\n (viii) Former child soldiers should benefit from special protection and assistance measures, in particular as regards their demobilization and rehabilitation; \\n (ix) Where necessary, host States should develop, with assistance from UNHCR, operational guidelines in the context of group determination to exclude those individuals who are not deserving of international refugee protection; \\n (d) Further to para 3 (b) above, calls upon UNHCR to convene a meeting of experts in sup\u00ad port of the elaboration of measures for the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation, and internment of combatants, including the clarification of relevant procedures and standards, in consultation with States, United Nations Secre\u00ad tariat entities and agencies, and interested organizations, such as the ICRC, and report back to the Executive Committee on progress achieved; \\n (e) Calls upon States to ensure that measures are taken to prevent the recruitment of refugees by government armed forces or organized armed groups, in particular of children, taking into account also that unaccompanied and separated children are even more vulner\u00ad able to recruitment than other children; \\n (f) Calls upon the relevant United Nations organs and regional organizations, in pursuance of their respective mandates, as well as the international community at large, to mobi\u00ad lize adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, in line with the principles of international solidarity, co\u00adoperation, burden and responsibility sharing; \\n (g) Calls upon UNHCR and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations of the United Nations Secretariat to enhance collaboration on all aspects of this complex matter, and as appropriate, to deploy, with the consent of host States, multi\u00addisciplinary assess\u00ad ment teams to an emerging crisis area in order to clarify the situation on the ground, evaluate security threats for refugee populations and consider appropriate practical responses; \\n (h) Calls upon UNHCR to explore how it may develop, in consultation with relevant part\u00ad ners, its own institutional capacity to address insecurity in refugee camps, inter alia by assisting States to ensure the physical safety and dignity of refugees, building, as appro\u00ad priate, upon its protection and operational expertise.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1314, "Sentence":"32 (XXXIV) on military attacks on refugee camps and settlements in Southern Africa and elsewhere; Conclusion 72 (XLIV) on personal security of refugees; Conclusion No.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 32 xxxiv military attack refugee camp settlement southern africa elsewhere conclusion 72 xliv personal security refugee conclusion ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex C: UNHCR Executive COmmittee COnclusion On the Civilian and Humanitarian Character Of Asylum NO. 94 (LIII)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"The Executive Committee, \\n\\n Remaining seriously concerned by the continuing occurrence of military or armed attacks and other threats to the security of refugees, including the infiltration and presence of armed elements in refugee camps and settlements;17 \\n\\n Recalling the relevant provisions of international refugee law, international human rights law and international humanitarian law; \\n\\n Recalling its Conclusion No. 27 (XXXIII) and Conclusion No. 32 (XXXIV) on military attacks on refugee camps and settlements in Southern Africa and elsewhere; Conclusion 72 (XLIV) on personal security of refugees; Conclusion No. 48 (XXXVIII) on military or armed attacks on refugee camps and settlements; Conclusion No. 47 (XXXVIII) and Conclusion No. 84 (XLVII), on refugee children and adolescents, as well as Conclusion 64 (XLI) on refugee women and international protection; \\n\\n Recalling also United Nations Security Council resolution S\/RES\/1208 (1998) and S\/RES\/1296 (2000), and the two reports of the United Nations Secretary\u00adGeneral on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict18, noting in particular the recommendations made therein with respect to enhancing the security of refugee camps and settlements; \\n\\n Welcoming the discussion which took place on the civilian character of asylum in the context of the Global Consultations on International Protection;19 \\n\\n Noting that several international meetings have recently been held, aimed at identifying effective operational strategies for maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum;20 \\n\\n Reiterating that refugee camps and settlements should have an exclusively civilian and humanitarian character, that the grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act which should not be regarded as unfriendly by another State, as stated in the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa and a number of EXCOM Conclusions, and that all actors, including refugees themselves, have the obligation to coop\u00ad erate in ensuring the peaceful and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements; \\n\\n Recognizing that the presence of armed elements in refugee camps or settlements; recruit\u00ad ment and training by government armed forces or organized armed groups; the use of such camps, intended to accommodate refugee populations on purely humanitarian grounds, for the internment of prisoners of war; as well as other forms of exploitation of refugee situations for the purpose of promoting military objectives are likely to expose refugees, par\u00ad ticularly women and children, to serious physical danger, inhibit the realization of durable solutions, in particular voluntary repatriation, but also local integration, jeopardize the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum and may threaten the national security of States, as well as inter\u00adState relations; \\n\\n Recognizing the special protection needs of refugee children and adolescents who, especially when living in camps where refugees are mixed with armed elements, are particularly vul\u00ad nerable to recruitment by government armed forces or organized armed groups; \\n\\n Reaffirming the importance of States, UNHCR and other relevant actors, integrating safety and security concerns from the outset of a refugee emergency into refugee camp manage\u00ad ment in a holistic manner; \\n (a) Acknowledges that host States have the primary responsibility to ensure the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum by, inter alia, making all efforts to locate refugee camps and settlements at a reasonable distance from the border, maintaining law and order, curtailing the flow of arms into refugee camps and settlements, preventing their use for the internment of prisoners of war, as well as through the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants; \\n (b) Urges refugee\u00adhosting States to respect the civilian and humanitarian character of refu\u00ad gee camps by preventing their use for purposes which are incompatible with their civilian character; \\n (c) Recommends that action taken by States to ensure respect for the civilian and humani\u00ad tarian character of asylum be guided, inter alia, by the following principles; \\n (i) Respect for the right to seek asylum, and for the fundamental principle of non\u00ad refoulement, should be maintained at all times; \\n (ii) Measures for the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, sep\u00ad aration and internment of combatants should be taken as early as possible, preferably at the point of entry or at the first reception\/transit centres for new arrivals; \\n (iii) To facilitate early identification and separation of combatants, registration of new arrivals should be conducted by means of a careful screening process; \\n (iv) Refugee camps and settlements should benefit from adequate security arrange\u00ad ments to deter infiltration by armed elements and the strengthening of law and order; \\n (v) Once identified, disarmed and separated from the refugee population, combat\u00ad ants should be interned at a safe location from the border; \\n (vi) Where the granting of refugee status is based on group determination, civilian family members of combatants should be treated as refugees and should not be interned together with them; \\n (vii) Combatants should not be considered as asylum\u00adseekers until the authorities have established within a reasonable timeframe that they have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities. Once this has been established, special procedures should be put in place for individual refugee status deter\u00ad mination, to ensure that those seeking asylum fulfil the criteria for the recogni\u00ad tion of refugee status. During the refugee status determination process, utmost attention should be paid to article 1F of the 1951 Convention, in order to avoid abuse of the asylum system by those who do not deserve international protection; \\n (viii) Former child soldiers should benefit from special protection and assistance measures, in particular as regards their demobilization and rehabilitation; \\n (ix) Where necessary, host States should develop, with assistance from UNHCR, operational guidelines in the context of group determination to exclude those individuals who are not deserving of international refugee protection; \\n (d) Further to para 3 (b) above, calls upon UNHCR to convene a meeting of experts in sup\u00ad port of the elaboration of measures for the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation, and internment of combatants, including the clarification of relevant procedures and standards, in consultation with States, United Nations Secre\u00ad tariat entities and agencies, and interested organizations, such as the ICRC, and report back to the Executive Committee on progress achieved; \\n (e) Calls upon States to ensure that measures are taken to prevent the recruitment of refugees by government armed forces or organized armed groups, in particular of children, taking into account also that unaccompanied and separated children are even more vulner\u00ad able to recruitment than other children; \\n (f) Calls upon the relevant United Nations organs and regional organizations, in pursuance of their respective mandates, as well as the international community at large, to mobi\u00ad lize adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, in line with the principles of international solidarity, co\u00adoperation, burden and responsibility sharing; \\n (g) Calls upon UNHCR and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations of the United Nations Secretariat to enhance collaboration on all aspects of this complex matter, and as appropriate, to deploy, with the consent of host States, multi\u00addisciplinary assess\u00ad ment teams to an emerging crisis area in order to clarify the situation on the ground, evaluate security threats for refugee populations and consider appropriate practical responses; \\n (h) Calls upon UNHCR to explore how it may develop, in consultation with relevant part\u00ad ners, its own institutional capacity to address insecurity in refugee camps, inter alia by assisting States to ensure the physical safety and dignity of refugees, building, as appro\u00ad priate, upon its protection and operational expertise.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1314, "Sentence":"48 (XXXVIII) on military or armed attacks on refugee camps and settlements; Conclusion No.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 48 xxxviii military armed attack refugee camp settlement conclusion ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex C: UNHCR Executive COmmittee COnclusion On the Civilian and Humanitarian Character Of Asylum NO. 94 (LIII)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"The Executive Committee, \\n\\n Remaining seriously concerned by the continuing occurrence of military or armed attacks and other threats to the security of refugees, including the infiltration and presence of armed elements in refugee camps and settlements;17 \\n\\n Recalling the relevant provisions of international refugee law, international human rights law and international humanitarian law; \\n\\n Recalling its Conclusion No. 27 (XXXIII) and Conclusion No. 32 (XXXIV) on military attacks on refugee camps and settlements in Southern Africa and elsewhere; Conclusion 72 (XLIV) on personal security of refugees; Conclusion No. 48 (XXXVIII) on military or armed attacks on refugee camps and settlements; Conclusion No. 47 (XXXVIII) and Conclusion No. 84 (XLVII), on refugee children and adolescents, as well as Conclusion 64 (XLI) on refugee women and international protection; \\n\\n Recalling also United Nations Security Council resolution S\/RES\/1208 (1998) and S\/RES\/1296 (2000), and the two reports of the United Nations Secretary\u00adGeneral on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict18, noting in particular the recommendations made therein with respect to enhancing the security of refugee camps and settlements; \\n\\n Welcoming the discussion which took place on the civilian character of asylum in the context of the Global Consultations on International Protection;19 \\n\\n Noting that several international meetings have recently been held, aimed at identifying effective operational strategies for maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum;20 \\n\\n Reiterating that refugee camps and settlements should have an exclusively civilian and humanitarian character, that the grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act which should not be regarded as unfriendly by another State, as stated in the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa and a number of EXCOM Conclusions, and that all actors, including refugees themselves, have the obligation to coop\u00ad erate in ensuring the peaceful and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements; \\n\\n Recognizing that the presence of armed elements in refugee camps or settlements; recruit\u00ad ment and training by government armed forces or organized armed groups; the use of such camps, intended to accommodate refugee populations on purely humanitarian grounds, for the internment of prisoners of war; as well as other forms of exploitation of refugee situations for the purpose of promoting military objectives are likely to expose refugees, par\u00ad ticularly women and children, to serious physical danger, inhibit the realization of durable solutions, in particular voluntary repatriation, but also local integration, jeopardize the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum and may threaten the national security of States, as well as inter\u00adState relations; \\n\\n Recognizing the special protection needs of refugee children and adolescents who, especially when living in camps where refugees are mixed with armed elements, are particularly vul\u00ad nerable to recruitment by government armed forces or organized armed groups; \\n\\n Reaffirming the importance of States, UNHCR and other relevant actors, integrating safety and security concerns from the outset of a refugee emergency into refugee camp manage\u00ad ment in a holistic manner; \\n (a) Acknowledges that host States have the primary responsibility to ensure the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum by, inter alia, making all efforts to locate refugee camps and settlements at a reasonable distance from the border, maintaining law and order, curtailing the flow of arms into refugee camps and settlements, preventing their use for the internment of prisoners of war, as well as through the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants; \\n (b) Urges refugee\u00adhosting States to respect the civilian and humanitarian character of refu\u00ad gee camps by preventing their use for purposes which are incompatible with their civilian character; \\n (c) Recommends that action taken by States to ensure respect for the civilian and humani\u00ad tarian character of asylum be guided, inter alia, by the following principles; \\n (i) Respect for the right to seek asylum, and for the fundamental principle of non\u00ad refoulement, should be maintained at all times; \\n (ii) Measures for the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, sep\u00ad aration and internment of combatants should be taken as early as possible, preferably at the point of entry or at the first reception\/transit centres for new arrivals; \\n (iii) To facilitate early identification and separation of combatants, registration of new arrivals should be conducted by means of a careful screening process; \\n (iv) Refugee camps and settlements should benefit from adequate security arrange\u00ad ments to deter infiltration by armed elements and the strengthening of law and order; \\n (v) Once identified, disarmed and separated from the refugee population, combat\u00ad ants should be interned at a safe location from the border; \\n (vi) Where the granting of refugee status is based on group determination, civilian family members of combatants should be treated as refugees and should not be interned together with them; \\n (vii) Combatants should not be considered as asylum\u00adseekers until the authorities have established within a reasonable timeframe that they have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities. Once this has been established, special procedures should be put in place for individual refugee status deter\u00ad mination, to ensure that those seeking asylum fulfil the criteria for the recogni\u00ad tion of refugee status. During the refugee status determination process, utmost attention should be paid to article 1F of the 1951 Convention, in order to avoid abuse of the asylum system by those who do not deserve international protection; \\n (viii) Former child soldiers should benefit from special protection and assistance measures, in particular as regards their demobilization and rehabilitation; \\n (ix) Where necessary, host States should develop, with assistance from UNHCR, operational guidelines in the context of group determination to exclude those individuals who are not deserving of international refugee protection; \\n (d) Further to para 3 (b) above, calls upon UNHCR to convene a meeting of experts in sup\u00ad port of the elaboration of measures for the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation, and internment of combatants, including the clarification of relevant procedures and standards, in consultation with States, United Nations Secre\u00ad tariat entities and agencies, and interested organizations, such as the ICRC, and report back to the Executive Committee on progress achieved; \\n (e) Calls upon States to ensure that measures are taken to prevent the recruitment of refugees by government armed forces or organized armed groups, in particular of children, taking into account also that unaccompanied and separated children are even more vulner\u00ad able to recruitment than other children; \\n (f) Calls upon the relevant United Nations organs and regional organizations, in pursuance of their respective mandates, as well as the international community at large, to mobi\u00ad lize adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, in line with the principles of international solidarity, co\u00adoperation, burden and responsibility sharing; \\n (g) Calls upon UNHCR and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations of the United Nations Secretariat to enhance collaboration on all aspects of this complex matter, and as appropriate, to deploy, with the consent of host States, multi\u00addisciplinary assess\u00ad ment teams to an emerging crisis area in order to clarify the situation on the ground, evaluate security threats for refugee populations and consider appropriate practical responses; \\n (h) Calls upon UNHCR to explore how it may develop, in consultation with relevant part\u00ad ners, its own institutional capacity to address insecurity in refugee camps, inter alia by assisting States to ensure the physical safety and dignity of refugees, building, as appro\u00ad priate, upon its protection and operational expertise.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1314, "Sentence":"47 (XXXVIII) and Conclusion No.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 47 xxxviii conclusion ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex C: UNHCR Executive COmmittee COnclusion On the Civilian and Humanitarian Character Of Asylum NO. 94 (LIII)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"The Executive Committee, \\n\\n Remaining seriously concerned by the continuing occurrence of military or armed attacks and other threats to the security of refugees, including the infiltration and presence of armed elements in refugee camps and settlements;17 \\n\\n Recalling the relevant provisions of international refugee law, international human rights law and international humanitarian law; \\n\\n Recalling its Conclusion No. 27 (XXXIII) and Conclusion No. 32 (XXXIV) on military attacks on refugee camps and settlements in Southern Africa and elsewhere; Conclusion 72 (XLIV) on personal security of refugees; Conclusion No. 48 (XXXVIII) on military or armed attacks on refugee camps and settlements; Conclusion No. 47 (XXXVIII) and Conclusion No. 84 (XLVII), on refugee children and adolescents, as well as Conclusion 64 (XLI) on refugee women and international protection; \\n\\n Recalling also United Nations Security Council resolution S\/RES\/1208 (1998) and S\/RES\/1296 (2000), and the two reports of the United Nations Secretary\u00adGeneral on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict18, noting in particular the recommendations made therein with respect to enhancing the security of refugee camps and settlements; \\n\\n Welcoming the discussion which took place on the civilian character of asylum in the context of the Global Consultations on International Protection;19 \\n\\n Noting that several international meetings have recently been held, aimed at identifying effective operational strategies for maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum;20 \\n\\n Reiterating that refugee camps and settlements should have an exclusively civilian and humanitarian character, that the grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act which should not be regarded as unfriendly by another State, as stated in the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa and a number of EXCOM Conclusions, and that all actors, including refugees themselves, have the obligation to coop\u00ad erate in ensuring the peaceful and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements; \\n\\n Recognizing that the presence of armed elements in refugee camps or settlements; recruit\u00ad ment and training by government armed forces or organized armed groups; the use of such camps, intended to accommodate refugee populations on purely humanitarian grounds, for the internment of prisoners of war; as well as other forms of exploitation of refugee situations for the purpose of promoting military objectives are likely to expose refugees, par\u00ad ticularly women and children, to serious physical danger, inhibit the realization of durable solutions, in particular voluntary repatriation, but also local integration, jeopardize the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum and may threaten the national security of States, as well as inter\u00adState relations; \\n\\n Recognizing the special protection needs of refugee children and adolescents who, especially when living in camps where refugees are mixed with armed elements, are particularly vul\u00ad nerable to recruitment by government armed forces or organized armed groups; \\n\\n Reaffirming the importance of States, UNHCR and other relevant actors, integrating safety and security concerns from the outset of a refugee emergency into refugee camp manage\u00ad ment in a holistic manner; \\n (a) Acknowledges that host States have the primary responsibility to ensure the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum by, inter alia, making all efforts to locate refugee camps and settlements at a reasonable distance from the border, maintaining law and order, curtailing the flow of arms into refugee camps and settlements, preventing their use for the internment of prisoners of war, as well as through the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants; \\n (b) Urges refugee\u00adhosting States to respect the civilian and humanitarian character of refu\u00ad gee camps by preventing their use for purposes which are incompatible with their civilian character; \\n (c) Recommends that action taken by States to ensure respect for the civilian and humani\u00ad tarian character of asylum be guided, inter alia, by the following principles; \\n (i) Respect for the right to seek asylum, and for the fundamental principle of non\u00ad refoulement, should be maintained at all times; \\n (ii) Measures for the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, sep\u00ad aration and internment of combatants should be taken as early as possible, preferably at the point of entry or at the first reception\/transit centres for new arrivals; \\n (iii) To facilitate early identification and separation of combatants, registration of new arrivals should be conducted by means of a careful screening process; \\n (iv) Refugee camps and settlements should benefit from adequate security arrange\u00ad ments to deter infiltration by armed elements and the strengthening of law and order; \\n (v) Once identified, disarmed and separated from the refugee population, combat\u00ad ants should be interned at a safe location from the border; \\n (vi) Where the granting of refugee status is based on group determination, civilian family members of combatants should be treated as refugees and should not be interned together with them; \\n (vii) Combatants should not be considered as asylum\u00adseekers until the authorities have established within a reasonable timeframe that they have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities. Once this has been established, special procedures should be put in place for individual refugee status deter\u00ad mination, to ensure that those seeking asylum fulfil the criteria for the recogni\u00ad tion of refugee status. During the refugee status determination process, utmost attention should be paid to article 1F of the 1951 Convention, in order to avoid abuse of the asylum system by those who do not deserve international protection; \\n (viii) Former child soldiers should benefit from special protection and assistance measures, in particular as regards their demobilization and rehabilitation; \\n (ix) Where necessary, host States should develop, with assistance from UNHCR, operational guidelines in the context of group determination to exclude those individuals who are not deserving of international refugee protection; \\n (d) Further to para 3 (b) above, calls upon UNHCR to convene a meeting of experts in sup\u00ad port of the elaboration of measures for the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation, and internment of combatants, including the clarification of relevant procedures and standards, in consultation with States, United Nations Secre\u00ad tariat entities and agencies, and interested organizations, such as the ICRC, and report back to the Executive Committee on progress achieved; \\n (e) Calls upon States to ensure that measures are taken to prevent the recruitment of refugees by government armed forces or organized armed groups, in particular of children, taking into account also that unaccompanied and separated children are even more vulner\u00ad able to recruitment than other children; \\n (f) Calls upon the relevant United Nations organs and regional organizations, in pursuance of their respective mandates, as well as the international community at large, to mobi\u00ad lize adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, in line with the principles of international solidarity, co\u00adoperation, burden and responsibility sharing; \\n (g) Calls upon UNHCR and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations of the United Nations Secretariat to enhance collaboration on all aspects of this complex matter, and as appropriate, to deploy, with the consent of host States, multi\u00addisciplinary assess\u00ad ment teams to an emerging crisis area in order to clarify the situation on the ground, evaluate security threats for refugee populations and consider appropriate practical responses; \\n (h) Calls upon UNHCR to explore how it may develop, in consultation with relevant part\u00ad ners, its own institutional capacity to address insecurity in refugee camps, inter alia by assisting States to ensure the physical safety and dignity of refugees, building, as appro\u00ad priate, upon its protection and operational expertise.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1314, "Sentence":"84 (XLVII), on refugee children and adolescents, as well as Conclusion 64 (XLI) on refugee women and international protection; \\n\\n Recalling also United Nations Security Council resolution S\/RES\/1208 (1998) and S\/RES\/1296 (2000), and the two reports of the United Nations Secretary\u00adGeneral on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict18, noting in particular the recommendations made therein with respect to enhancing the security of refugee camps and settlements; \\n\\n Welcoming the discussion which took place on the civilian character of asylum in the context of the Global Consultations on International Protection;19 \\n\\n Noting that several international meetings have recently been held, aimed at identifying effective operational strategies for maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum;20 \\n\\n Reiterating that refugee camps and settlements should have an exclusively civilian and humanitarian character, that the grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act which should not be regarded as unfriendly by another State, as stated in the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa and a number of EXCOM Conclusions, and that all actors, including refugees themselves, have the obligation to coop\u00ad erate in ensuring the peaceful and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements; \\n\\n Recognizing that the presence of armed elements in refugee camps or settlements; recruit\u00ad ment and training by government armed forces or organized armed groups; the use of such camps, intended to accommodate refugee populations on purely humanitarian grounds, for the internment of prisoners of war; as well as other forms of exploitation of refugee situations for the purpose of promoting military objectives are likely to expose refugees, par\u00ad ticularly women and children, to serious physical danger, inhibit the realization of durable solutions, in particular voluntary repatriation, but also local integration, jeopardize the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum and may threaten the national security of States, as well as inter\u00adState relations; \\n\\n Recognizing the special protection needs of refugee children and adolescents who, especially when living in camps where refugees are mixed with armed elements, are particularly vul\u00ad nerable to recruitment by government armed forces or organized armed groups; \\n\\n Reaffirming the importance of States, UNHCR and other relevant actors, integrating safety and security concerns from the outset of a refugee emergency into refugee camp manage\u00ad ment in a holistic manner; \\n (a) Acknowledges that host States have the primary responsibility to ensure the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum by, inter alia, making all efforts to locate refugee camps and settlements at a reasonable distance from the border, maintaining law and order, curtailing the flow of arms into refugee camps and settlements, preventing their use for the internment of prisoners of war, as well as through the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants; \\n (b) Urges refugee\u00adhosting States to respect the civilian and humanitarian character of refu\u00ad gee camps by preventing their use for purposes which are incompatible with their civilian character; \\n (c) Recommends that action taken by States to ensure respect for the civilian and humani\u00ad tarian character of asylum be guided, inter alia, by the following principles; \\n (i) Respect for the right to seek asylum, and for the fundamental principle of non\u00ad refoulement, should be maintained at all times; \\n (ii) Measures for the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, sep\u00ad aration and internment of combatants should be taken as early as possible, preferably at the point of entry or at the first reception\/transit centres for new arrivals; \\n (iii) To facilitate early identification and separation of combatants, registration of new arrivals should be conducted by means of a careful screening process; \\n (iv) Refugee camps and settlements should benefit from adequate security arrange\u00ad ments to deter infiltration by armed elements and the strengthening of law and order; \\n (v) Once identified, disarmed and separated from the refugee population, combat\u00ad ants should be interned at a safe location from the border; \\n (vi) Where the granting of refugee status is based on group determination, civilian family members of combatants should be treated as refugees and should not be interned together with them; \\n (vii) Combatants should not be considered as asylum\u00adseekers until the authorities have established within a reasonable timeframe that they have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 84 xlvii refugee child adolescent well conclusion 64 xli refugee woman international protection nn recalling also united nation security council resolution s\/res\/1208 1998 s\/res\/1296 2000 two report united nation secretary\u00adgeneral protection civilian armed conflict18 noting particular recommendation made therein respect enhancing security refugee camp settlement nn welcoming discussion took place civilian character asylum context global consultation international protection19 nn noting several international meeting recently held aimed identifying effective operational strategy maintaining civilian humanitarian character asylum20 nn reiterating refugee camp settlement exclusively civilian humanitarian character grant asylum peaceful humanitarian act regarded unfriendly another state stated 1969 oau convention governing specific aspect refugee problem africa number excom conclusion actor including refugee obligation coop\u00ad erate ensuring peaceful humanitarian character refugee camp settlement nn recognizing presence armed element refugee camp settlement recruit\u00ad ment training government armed force organized armed group use camp intended accommodate refugee population purely humanitarian ground internment prisoner war well form exploitation refugee situation purpose promoting military objective likely expose refugee par\u00ad ticularly woman child serious physical danger inhibit realization durable solution particular voluntary repatriation also local integration jeopardize civilian humanitarian character asylum may threaten national security state well inter\u00adstate relation nn recognizing special protection need refugee child adolescent especially living camp refugee mixed armed element particularly vul\u00ad nerable recruitment government armed force organized armed group nn reaffirming importance state unhcr relevant actor integrating safety security concern outset refugee emergency refugee camp manage\u00ad ment holistic manner n acknowledges host state primary responsibility ensure civilian humanitarian character asylum inter alia making effort locate refugee camp settlement reasonable distance border maintaining law order curtailing flow arm refugee camp settlement preventing use internment prisoner war well disarmament armed element identification separation internment combatant n b urge refugee\u00adhosting state respect civilian humanitarian character refu\u00ad gee camp preventing use purpose incompatible civilian character n c recommends action taken state ensure respect civilian humani\u00ad tarian character asylum guided inter alia following principle n respect right seek asylum fundamental principle non\u00ad refoulement maintained time n ii measure disarmament armed element identification sep\u00ad aration internment combatant taken early possible preferably point entry first reception\/transit centre new arrival n iii facilitate early identification separation combatant registration new arrival conducted mean careful screening process n iv refugee camp settlement benefit adequate security arrange\u00ad ments deter infiltration armed element strengthening law order n v identified disarmed separated refugee population combat\u00ad ant interned safe location border n vi granting refugee status based group determination civilian family member combatant treated refugee interned together n vii combatant considered asylum\u00adseekers authority established within reasonable timeframe genuinely permanently renounced military activity ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex C: UNHCR Executive COmmittee COnclusion On the Civilian and Humanitarian Character Of Asylum NO. 94 (LIII)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"The Executive Committee, \\n\\n Remaining seriously concerned by the continuing occurrence of military or armed attacks and other threats to the security of refugees, including the infiltration and presence of armed elements in refugee camps and settlements;17 \\n\\n Recalling the relevant provisions of international refugee law, international human rights law and international humanitarian law; \\n\\n Recalling its Conclusion No. 27 (XXXIII) and Conclusion No. 32 (XXXIV) on military attacks on refugee camps and settlements in Southern Africa and elsewhere; Conclusion 72 (XLIV) on personal security of refugees; Conclusion No. 48 (XXXVIII) on military or armed attacks on refugee camps and settlements; Conclusion No. 47 (XXXVIII) and Conclusion No. 84 (XLVII), on refugee children and adolescents, as well as Conclusion 64 (XLI) on refugee women and international protection; \\n\\n Recalling also United Nations Security Council resolution S\/RES\/1208 (1998) and S\/RES\/1296 (2000), and the two reports of the United Nations Secretary\u00adGeneral on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict18, noting in particular the recommendations made therein with respect to enhancing the security of refugee camps and settlements; \\n\\n Welcoming the discussion which took place on the civilian character of asylum in the context of the Global Consultations on International Protection;19 \\n\\n Noting that several international meetings have recently been held, aimed at identifying effective operational strategies for maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum;20 \\n\\n Reiterating that refugee camps and settlements should have an exclusively civilian and humanitarian character, that the grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act which should not be regarded as unfriendly by another State, as stated in the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa and a number of EXCOM Conclusions, and that all actors, including refugees themselves, have the obligation to coop\u00ad erate in ensuring the peaceful and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements; \\n\\n Recognizing that the presence of armed elements in refugee camps or settlements; recruit\u00ad ment and training by government armed forces or organized armed groups; the use of such camps, intended to accommodate refugee populations on purely humanitarian grounds, for the internment of prisoners of war; as well as other forms of exploitation of refugee situations for the purpose of promoting military objectives are likely to expose refugees, par\u00ad ticularly women and children, to serious physical danger, inhibit the realization of durable solutions, in particular voluntary repatriation, but also local integration, jeopardize the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum and may threaten the national security of States, as well as inter\u00adState relations; \\n\\n Recognizing the special protection needs of refugee children and adolescents who, especially when living in camps where refugees are mixed with armed elements, are particularly vul\u00ad nerable to recruitment by government armed forces or organized armed groups; \\n\\n Reaffirming the importance of States, UNHCR and other relevant actors, integrating safety and security concerns from the outset of a refugee emergency into refugee camp manage\u00ad ment in a holistic manner; \\n (a) Acknowledges that host States have the primary responsibility to ensure the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum by, inter alia, making all efforts to locate refugee camps and settlements at a reasonable distance from the border, maintaining law and order, curtailing the flow of arms into refugee camps and settlements, preventing their use for the internment of prisoners of war, as well as through the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants; \\n (b) Urges refugee\u00adhosting States to respect the civilian and humanitarian character of refu\u00ad gee camps by preventing their use for purposes which are incompatible with their civilian character; \\n (c) Recommends that action taken by States to ensure respect for the civilian and humani\u00ad tarian character of asylum be guided, inter alia, by the following principles; \\n (i) Respect for the right to seek asylum, and for the fundamental principle of non\u00ad refoulement, should be maintained at all times; \\n (ii) Measures for the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, sep\u00ad aration and internment of combatants should be taken as early as possible, preferably at the point of entry or at the first reception\/transit centres for new arrivals; \\n (iii) To facilitate early identification and separation of combatants, registration of new arrivals should be conducted by means of a careful screening process; \\n (iv) Refugee camps and settlements should benefit from adequate security arrange\u00ad ments to deter infiltration by armed elements and the strengthening of law and order; \\n (v) Once identified, disarmed and separated from the refugee population, combat\u00ad ants should be interned at a safe location from the border; \\n (vi) Where the granting of refugee status is based on group determination, civilian family members of combatants should be treated as refugees and should not be interned together with them; \\n (vii) Combatants should not be considered as asylum\u00adseekers until the authorities have established within a reasonable timeframe that they have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities. Once this has been established, special procedures should be put in place for individual refugee status deter\u00ad mination, to ensure that those seeking asylum fulfil the criteria for the recogni\u00ad tion of refugee status. During the refugee status determination process, utmost attention should be paid to article 1F of the 1951 Convention, in order to avoid abuse of the asylum system by those who do not deserve international protection; \\n (viii) Former child soldiers should benefit from special protection and assistance measures, in particular as regards their demobilization and rehabilitation; \\n (ix) Where necessary, host States should develop, with assistance from UNHCR, operational guidelines in the context of group determination to exclude those individuals who are not deserving of international refugee protection; \\n (d) Further to para 3 (b) above, calls upon UNHCR to convene a meeting of experts in sup\u00ad port of the elaboration of measures for the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation, and internment of combatants, including the clarification of relevant procedures and standards, in consultation with States, United Nations Secre\u00ad tariat entities and agencies, and interested organizations, such as the ICRC, and report back to the Executive Committee on progress achieved; \\n (e) Calls upon States to ensure that measures are taken to prevent the recruitment of refugees by government armed forces or organized armed groups, in particular of children, taking into account also that unaccompanied and separated children are even more vulner\u00ad able to recruitment than other children; \\n (f) Calls upon the relevant United Nations organs and regional organizations, in pursuance of their respective mandates, as well as the international community at large, to mobi\u00ad lize adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, in line with the principles of international solidarity, co\u00adoperation, burden and responsibility sharing; \\n (g) Calls upon UNHCR and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations of the United Nations Secretariat to enhance collaboration on all aspects of this complex matter, and as appropriate, to deploy, with the consent of host States, multi\u00addisciplinary assess\u00ad ment teams to an emerging crisis area in order to clarify the situation on the ground, evaluate security threats for refugee populations and consider appropriate practical responses; \\n (h) Calls upon UNHCR to explore how it may develop, in consultation with relevant part\u00ad ners, its own institutional capacity to address insecurity in refugee camps, inter alia by assisting States to ensure the physical safety and dignity of refugees, building, as appro\u00ad priate, upon its protection and operational expertise.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1314, "Sentence":"Once this has been established, special procedures should be put in place for individual refugee status deter\u00ad mination, to ensure that those seeking asylum fulfil the criteria for the recogni\u00ad tion of refugee status.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements established special procedure put place individual refugee status deter\u00ad mination ensure seeking asylum fulfil criterion recogni\u00ad tion refugee status ." }, { "ID":70, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex C: UNHCR Executive COmmittee COnclusion On the Civilian and Humanitarian Character Of Asylum NO. 94 (LIII)", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":42, "Paragraph":"The Executive Committee, \\n\\n Remaining seriously concerned by the continuing occurrence of military or armed attacks and other threats to the security of refugees, including the infiltration and presence of armed elements in refugee camps and settlements;17 \\n\\n Recalling the relevant provisions of international refugee law, international human rights law and international humanitarian law; \\n\\n Recalling its Conclusion No. 27 (XXXIII) and Conclusion No. 32 (XXXIV) on military attacks on refugee camps and settlements in Southern Africa and elsewhere; Conclusion 72 (XLIV) on personal security of refugees; Conclusion No. 48 (XXXVIII) on military or armed attacks on refugee camps and settlements; Conclusion No. 47 (XXXVIII) and Conclusion No. 84 (XLVII), on refugee children and adolescents, as well as Conclusion 64 (XLI) on refugee women and international protection; \\n\\n Recalling also United Nations Security Council resolution S\/RES\/1208 (1998) and S\/RES\/1296 (2000), and the two reports of the United Nations Secretary\u00adGeneral on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict18, noting in particular the recommendations made therein with respect to enhancing the security of refugee camps and settlements; \\n\\n Welcoming the discussion which took place on the civilian character of asylum in the context of the Global Consultations on International Protection;19 \\n\\n Noting that several international meetings have recently been held, aimed at identifying effective operational strategies for maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum;20 \\n\\n Reiterating that refugee camps and settlements should have an exclusively civilian and humanitarian character, that the grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act which should not be regarded as unfriendly by another State, as stated in the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa and a number of EXCOM Conclusions, and that all actors, including refugees themselves, have the obligation to coop\u00ad erate in ensuring the peaceful and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements; \\n\\n Recognizing that the presence of armed elements in refugee camps or settlements; recruit\u00ad ment and training by government armed forces or organized armed groups; the use of such camps, intended to accommodate refugee populations on purely humanitarian grounds, for the internment of prisoners of war; as well as other forms of exploitation of refugee situations for the purpose of promoting military objectives are likely to expose refugees, par\u00ad ticularly women and children, to serious physical danger, inhibit the realization of durable solutions, in particular voluntary repatriation, but also local integration, jeopardize the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum and may threaten the national security of States, as well as inter\u00adState relations; \\n\\n Recognizing the special protection needs of refugee children and adolescents who, especially when living in camps where refugees are mixed with armed elements, are particularly vul\u00ad nerable to recruitment by government armed forces or organized armed groups; \\n\\n Reaffirming the importance of States, UNHCR and other relevant actors, integrating safety and security concerns from the outset of a refugee emergency into refugee camp manage\u00ad ment in a holistic manner; \\n (a) Acknowledges that host States have the primary responsibility to ensure the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum by, inter alia, making all efforts to locate refugee camps and settlements at a reasonable distance from the border, maintaining law and order, curtailing the flow of arms into refugee camps and settlements, preventing their use for the internment of prisoners of war, as well as through the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation and internment of combatants; \\n (b) Urges refugee\u00adhosting States to respect the civilian and humanitarian character of refu\u00ad gee camps by preventing their use for purposes which are incompatible with their civilian character; \\n (c) Recommends that action taken by States to ensure respect for the civilian and humani\u00ad tarian character of asylum be guided, inter alia, by the following principles; \\n (i) Respect for the right to seek asylum, and for the fundamental principle of non\u00ad refoulement, should be maintained at all times; \\n (ii) Measures for the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, sep\u00ad aration and internment of combatants should be taken as early as possible, preferably at the point of entry or at the first reception\/transit centres for new arrivals; \\n (iii) To facilitate early identification and separation of combatants, registration of new arrivals should be conducted by means of a careful screening process; \\n (iv) Refugee camps and settlements should benefit from adequate security arrange\u00ad ments to deter infiltration by armed elements and the strengthening of law and order; \\n (v) Once identified, disarmed and separated from the refugee population, combat\u00ad ants should be interned at a safe location from the border; \\n (vi) Where the granting of refugee status is based on group determination, civilian family members of combatants should be treated as refugees and should not be interned together with them; \\n (vii) Combatants should not be considered as asylum\u00adseekers until the authorities have established within a reasonable timeframe that they have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities. Once this has been established, special procedures should be put in place for individual refugee status deter\u00ad mination, to ensure that those seeking asylum fulfil the criteria for the recogni\u00ad tion of refugee status. During the refugee status determination process, utmost attention should be paid to article 1F of the 1951 Convention, in order to avoid abuse of the asylum system by those who do not deserve international protection; \\n (viii) Former child soldiers should benefit from special protection and assistance measures, in particular as regards their demobilization and rehabilitation; \\n (ix) Where necessary, host States should develop, with assistance from UNHCR, operational guidelines in the context of group determination to exclude those individuals who are not deserving of international refugee protection; \\n (d) Further to para 3 (b) above, calls upon UNHCR to convene a meeting of experts in sup\u00ad port of the elaboration of measures for the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation, and internment of combatants, including the clarification of relevant procedures and standards, in consultation with States, United Nations Secre\u00ad tariat entities and agencies, and interested organizations, such as the ICRC, and report back to the Executive Committee on progress achieved; \\n (e) Calls upon States to ensure that measures are taken to prevent the recruitment of refugees by government armed forces or organized armed groups, in particular of children, taking into account also that unaccompanied and separated children are even more vulner\u00ad able to recruitment than other children; \\n (f) Calls upon the relevant United Nations organs and regional organizations, in pursuance of their respective mandates, as well as the international community at large, to mobi\u00ad lize adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, in line with the principles of international solidarity, co\u00adoperation, burden and responsibility sharing; \\n (g) Calls upon UNHCR and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations of the United Nations Secretariat to enhance collaboration on all aspects of this complex matter, and as appropriate, to deploy, with the consent of host States, multi\u00addisciplinary assess\u00ad ment teams to an emerging crisis area in order to clarify the situation on the ground, evaluate security threats for refugee populations and consider appropriate practical responses; \\n (h) Calls upon UNHCR to explore how it may develop, in consultation with relevant part\u00ad ners, its own institutional capacity to address insecurity in refugee camps, inter alia by assisting States to ensure the physical safety and dignity of refugees, building, as appro\u00ad priate, upon its protection and operational expertise.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1314, "Sentence":"During the refugee status determination process, utmost attention should be paid to article 1F of the 1951 Convention, in order to avoid abuse of the asylum system by those who do not deserve international protection; \\n (viii) Former child soldiers should benefit from special protection and assistance measures, in particular as regards their demobilization and rehabilitation; \\n (ix) Where necessary, host States should develop, with assistance from UNHCR, operational guidelines in the context of group determination to exclude those individuals who are not deserving of international refugee protection; \\n (d) Further to para 3 (b) above, calls upon UNHCR to convene a meeting of experts in sup\u00ad port of the elaboration of measures for the disarmament of armed elements and the identification, separation, and internment of combatants, including the clarification of relevant procedures and standards, in consultation with States, United Nations Secre\u00ad tariat entities and agencies, and interested organizations, such as the ICRC, and report back to the Executive Committee on progress achieved; \\n (e) Calls upon States to ensure that measures are taken to prevent the recruitment of refugees by government armed forces or organized armed groups, in particular of children, taking into account also that unaccompanied and separated children are even more vulner\u00ad able to recruitment than other children; \\n (f) Calls upon the relevant United Nations organs and regional organizations, in pursuance of their respective mandates, as well as the international community at large, to mobi\u00ad lize adequate resources to support and assist host States in maintaining the civilian and humanitarian character of asylum, in line with the principles of international solidarity, co\u00adoperation, burden and responsibility sharing; \\n (g) Calls upon UNHCR and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations of the United Nations Secretariat to enhance collaboration on all aspects of this complex matter, and as appropriate, to deploy, with the consent of host States, multi\u00addisciplinary assess\u00ad ment teams to an emerging crisis area in order to clarify the situation on the ground, evaluate security threats for refugee populations and consider appropriate practical responses; \\n (h) Calls upon UNHCR to explore how it may develop, in consultation with relevant part\u00ad ners, its own institutional capacity to address insecurity in refugee camps, inter alia by assisting States to ensure the physical safety and dignity of refugees, building, as appro\u00ad priate, upon its protection and operational expertise.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements refugee status determination process utmost attention paid article 1f 1951 convention order avoid abuse asylum system deserve international protection n viii former child soldier benefit special protection assistance measure particular regard demobilization rehabilitation n ix necessary host state develop assistance unhcr operational guideline context group determination exclude individual deserving international refugee protection n para 3 b call upon unhcr convene meeting expert sup\u00ad port elaboration measure disarmament armed element identification separation internment combatant including clarification relevant procedure standard consultation state united nation secre\u00ad tariat entity agency interested organization icrc report back executive committee progress achieved n e call upon state ensure measure taken prevent recruitment refugee government armed force organized armed group particular child taking account also unaccompanied separated child even vulner\u00ad able recruitment child n f call upon relevant united nation organ regional organization pursuance respective mandate well international community large mobi\u00ad lize adequate resource support assist host state maintaining civilian humanitarian character asylum line principle international solidarity co\u00adoperation burden responsibility sharing n g call upon unhcr department peacekeeping operation united nation secretariat enhance collaboration aspect complex matter appropriate deploy consent host state multi\u00addisciplinary assess\u00ad ment team emerging crisis area order clarify situation ground evaluate security threat refugee population consider appropriate practical response n h call upon unhcr explore may develop consultation relevant part\u00ad ners institutional capacity address insecurity refugee camp inter alia assisting state ensure physical safety dignity refugee building appro\u00ad priate upon protection operational expertise ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements agreement government country origin government host country voluntary repatriation reintegration combatant country origin nn preamble n combatant country origin identified neighbouring country ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country].", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements approxi\u00ad mately number combatant presently located host country ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country].", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements agreement result series consultation repatriation incorporation disarma\u00ad ment demobilization reintegration ddr programme combatant government country origin government host country ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements party agreed facilitate process repatriating reintegrating combatant host country country origin condition safety dignity ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ].", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements accordingly agree\u00ad ment outline obligation parties.article 1 \u2013 definition nn article 2 \u2013 legal base n party agreement mindful legal base internment repatri\u00ad ation said combatant base intention obligation following inter\u00ad national instrument n applicable case involving internment hague convention v respecting right duty neutral power person case war land 18 october 1907 annex 1 n applicable case involving internment third geneva convention relative treatment prisoner war geneva 12 august 1949 annex 2 n applicable case involving internment protocol additional geneva convention 12 august 1949 relating protection victim non\u00adinter\u00ad national armed conflict protocol ii geneva 12 december 1977 annex 3 n article 33 1951 convention relating status refugee geneva 28 july 1951 annex 4 n applicable case involving african state 1969 oau convention governing specific aspect refugee problem africa annex 5 nn article 3 \u2013 commencement n repatriation said combatant commence ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn article 4 \u2013 technical task force n technical task force representative following party determine opera\u00ad tional framework repatriation reintegration said combatant shall constituted n national commission ddr country origin host country representative embassy country origin host country n relevant government department country origin host country e.g ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements foreign affair defence internal affair immigration refugee\/humanitarian affair child women\/gender n un mission country origin host country n relevant international agency e.g ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements unhcr unicef icrc iom nn article 5 \u2013 obligation government country origin government country origin agrees n ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements accept return safety dignity said combatant ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n ii.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n ii ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements provide sufficient information said combatant well family member make free informed decision concerning repatriation rein\u00ad tegration ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n iii.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n iii ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements include returning combatant amnesty provided article peace accord annex 6 ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n iv.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n iv ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements waive court martial action desertion government force ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n v. facilitate return said combatant place origin choice relevant government agency national commission ddr inter\u00ad national agency ngo partner taking account specific need circum\u00ad stance said combatant family member ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n vi.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n vi ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements consider facilitate payment ddr benefit including reintegration assistance upon return said combatant provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication paper accordance eligibility criterion ddr programme ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n vii.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n vii ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements assist returning combatant government force wish benefit restructuring army rejoining army obtaining retirement benefit depend\u00ad ing choice meet criterion purpose ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n viii.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n viii ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements facilitate immigration department entry spouse partner child family member combatant may citizen country origin regularize residence country origin accordance provision immigration relevant law ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n ix.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n ix ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.]", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements grant free unhindered access un mission relevant international agency etc ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements monitor treatment returning combatant family member accordance human right humanitarian standard including implemen\u00ad tation commitment contained agreement ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n x.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n x ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements meet applicable cost repatriation reintegration combatant ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn article 6 \u2013 obligation government host country government host country agrees n ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin].", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements facilitate processing repatriation said combatant wish return country origin ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n ii.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n ii ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements return personal effect excluding arm ammunition said combatant ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n iii.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n iii ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements provide clear documentation record account arm ammunition collected said combatant ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n iv.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n iv ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements meet applicable cost repatriation said combatant ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n v. consider local integration said combatant assessed appropriate durable solution ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn article 7 \u2013 child associated armed force group n return family reunification reintegration child associated armed force group carried separate arrangement taking account special need child ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn article 8 \u2013 special measure vulnerable persons\/persons special need n party shall take special measure ensure vulnerable person special need disabled combatant medical condition affect travel receive adequate protection assistance care throughout repatri\u00ad ation reintegration process ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn article 9 \u2013 family combatant n wherever possible party shall ensure family said combatant residing host country return country origin coordinated manner allows maintenance family link reunion ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn article 10 \u2013 nationality issue n party shall mutually resolve technical task force applicable nation\u00ad ality issue including establishment modality ascertaining nationality deter\u00ad mining country combatant benefit ddr programme country eventual destination ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country].", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn article 11 \u2013 asylum n said combatant permanently renounced armed activity wish repatriate reason relevant 1951 convention relating status refugee shall right seek enjoy asylum host country ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements grant asylum peaceful humanitarian act shall regarded unfriendly act ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn article 12 \u2013 designated border crossing point n party shall agree border crossing point repatriation movement ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements agree\u00ad ment may modified better suit operational requirement ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn article 13 \u2013 immigration custom health formality n ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements ensure expeditious return said combatant family member belonging party shall waive respective immigration custom health formality usually carried border crossing point ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n ii.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n ii ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements personal communal property said combatant family member including livestock pet shall exempted custom duty charge tariff ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n iii.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n iii ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"[If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements applicable party shall also waive fee passenger service charge well airport marine road tax vehicle entering transiting respective territory auspex repatriation agency repatriation operation ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn article 14 \u2013 access monitoring upon return n un mission relevant international non\u00adgovernmental agency shall granted free unhindered access said combatant family member host country upon return country origin order monitor treatment accordance human right humanitarian standard including implementation commitment contained agreement ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn article 15 \u2013 continued validity agreement n agreement shall affect validity existing agreement arrangement mechanism cooperation party ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n extent necessary applicable agreement arrangement mechanism may relied upon applied formed part agreement assist pursuit agreement namely repa\u00ad triation reintegration said combatant ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn article 16 \u2013 resolution dispute n question arising interpretation application agreement provision expressly made herein shall resolved amicably consultation party ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn article 17 \u2013 entry force n agreement shall enter force upon signature party ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn article 18 \u2013 amendment n agreement may amended mutual agreement writing party ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn article 19 \u2013 termination n agreement shall remain force terminated mutual agreement party ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn article 20 \u2013 succession n agreement bind successor party ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn witness whereof authorized representative party hereby signed agreement ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn done ........................... ..... day ..... two original ." }, { "ID":71, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Annex D: Sample agreement on repatriation and reintegration of cross-border combatants", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":45, "Paragraph":"Agreement between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country] for the voluntary repatriation and reintegration of combatants of [country of origin] \\n\\n Preamble \\n Combatants of [country of origin] have been identified in neighbouring countries. Approxi\u00ad mately [number] of these combatants are presently located in [host country]. This Agreement is the result of a series of consultations for the repatriation and incorporation in a disarma\u00ad ment, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programme of these combatants between the Government of [country of origin] and the Government of [host country]. The Parties have agreed to facilitate the process of repatriating and reintegrating the combatants from [host country] to [country of origin] in conditions of safety and dignity. Accordingly, this Agree\u00ad ment outlines the obligations of the Parties.Article 1 \u2013 Definitions \\n\\n Article 2 \u2013 Legal bases \\n The Parties to this Agreement are mindful of the legal bases for the [internment and] repatri\u00ad ation of the said combatants and base their intentions and obligations on the following inter\u00ad national instruments: \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Hague Convention (V) Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, 18 October 1907 (Annex 1) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Third Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 (Annex 2) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving internment] The Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non\u00adInter\u00ad national Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), Geneva, 12 December 1977 (Annex 3) \\n Article 33 of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28 July 1951 (Annex 4) \\n [If applicable, in cases involving African States] The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (Annex 5) \\n\\n Article 3 \u2013 Commencement \\n The repatriation of the said combatants will commence on [ ]. \\n\\n Article 4 \u2013 Technical Task Force \\n A Technical Task Force of representatives of the following parties to determine the opera\u00ad tional framework for the repatriation and reintegration of the said combatants shall be constituted: \\n National Commission on DDR [of country of origin and of host country] Representatives of the embassies [of country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant government departments of country of origin and host country, e.g. foreign affairs, defence, internal affairs, immigration, refugee\/humanitarian affairs, children and women\/gender] \\n UN Missions [in country of origin and host country] \\n [Relevant international agencies, e.g. UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IOM] \\n\\n Article 5 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [country of origin] The Government of [country of origin] agrees: \\n i. To accept the return in safety and dignity of the said combatants. \\n ii. To provide sufficient information to the said combatants, as well as to their family members, to make free and informed decisions concerning their repatriation and rein\u00ad tegration. \\n iii. To include the returning combatants in the amnesty provided for in article [ ] of the Peace Accord (Annex 6). \\n iv. To waive any court martial action for desertion from government forces. \\n v. To facilitate the return of the said combatants to their places of origin or choice through [relevant government agencies such as the National Commission on DDR and inter\u00ad national agencies and NGO partners], taking into account the specific needs and circum\u00ad stances of the said combatants and their family members. \\n vi. To consider and facilitate the payment of any DDR benefits, including reintegration assistance, upon the return of the said combatants and to provide appropriate identi\u00ad fication papers in accordance with the eligibility criteria of the DDR programme. \\n vii. To assist the returning combatants of government forces who wish to benefit from the restructuring of the army by rejoining the army or obtaining retirement benefits, depend\u00ad ing on their choice and if they meet the criteria for the above purposes. \\n viii. To facilitate through the immigration department the entry of spouses, partners, children and other family members of the combatants who may not be citizens of [country of origin] and to regularize their residence in [country of origin] in accordance with the provisions of its immigration or other relevant laws. \\n ix. To grant free and unhindered access to [UN Missions, relevant international agencies, etc.] to monitor the treatment of returning combatants and their family members in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implemen\u00ad tation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n x. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation and reintegration of the combatants. \\n\\n Article 6 \u2013 Obligations of Government of [host country] The Government of [host country] agrees: \\n i. To facilitate the processing of repatriation of the said combatants who wish to return to [country of origin]. \\n ii. To return the personal effects (excluding arms and ammunition) of the said combatants. \\n iii. To provide clear documentation and records which account for arms and ammunition collected from the said combatants. \\n iv. To meet the [applicable] cost of repatriation of the said combatants. \\n v. To consider local integration for any of the said combatants for whom this is assessed to be the most appropriate durable solution. \\n\\n Article 7 \u2013 Children associated with armed forces and groups \\n The return, family reunification and reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups will be carried out under separate arrangements, taking into account the special needs of the children. \\n\\n Article 8 \u2013 Special measures for vulnerable persons\/persons with special needs \\n The Parties shall take special measures to ensure that vulnerable persons and those with special needs, such as disabled combatants or those with other medical conditions that affect their travel, receive adequate protection, assistance and care throughout the repatri\u00ad ation and reintegration processes. \\n\\n Article 9 \u2013 Families of combatants \\n Wherever possible, the Parties shall ensure that the families of the said combatants residing in [host country] return to [country of origin] in a coordinated manner that allows for the maintenance of family links and reunion. \\n\\n Article 10 \u2013 Nationality issues \\n The Parties shall mutually resolve through the Technical Task Force any applicable nation\u00ad ality issues, including establishment of modalities for ascertaining nationality, and deter\u00ad mining the country in which combatants will benefit from a DDR programme and the country of eventual destination. \\n\\n Article 11 \u2013 Asylum \\n Should any of the said combatants, having permanently renounced armed activities, not wish to repatriate for reasons relevant to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, they shall have the right to seek and enjoy asylum in [host country]. The grant of asylum is a peaceful and humanitarian act and shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act. \\n\\n Article 12 \u2013 Designated border crossing points \\n The Parties shall agree on border crossing points for repatriation movements. Such agree\u00ad ment may be modified to better suit operational requirements. \\n\\n Article 13 \u2013 Immigration, customs and health formalities \\n i. To ensure the expeditious return of the said combatants, their family members and belongings, the Parties shall waive their respective immigration, customs and health formalities usually carried out at border crossing points. \\n ii. The personal or communal property of the said combatants and their family members, including livestock and pets, shall be exempted from all customs duties, charges and tariffs. \\n iii. [If applicable] The Parties shall also waive any fees, passenger service charges as well as all other airport, marine, road or other taxes for vehicles entering or transiting their respective territories under the auspices of [repatriation agency] for the repatriation operation. \\n\\n Article 14 \u2013 Access and monitoring upon return \\n [The UN Mission and other relevant international and non\u00adgovernmental agencies] shall be granted free and unhindered access to all the said combatants and their family members in [the host country] and upon return in [the country of origin], in order to monitor their treatment in accordance with human rights and humanitarian standards, including the implementation of commitments contained in this Agreement. \\n\\n Article 15 \u2013 Continued validity of other agreements \\n This Agreement shall not affect the validity of any existing agreements, arrangements or mechanisms of cooperation between the Parties. \\n To the extent necessary or applicable, such agreements, arrangements or mechanisms may be relied upon and applied as if they formed part of this Agreement to assist in the pursuit of this Agreement, namely the repa\u00ad triation and reintegration of the said combatants. \\n\\n Article 16 \u2013 Resolution of disputes \\n Any question arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement, or for which no provision is expressly made herein, shall be resolved amicably through consultations between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 17 \u2013 Entry into force \\n This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by the Parties. \\n\\n Article 18 \u2013 Amendment \\n This Agreement may be amended by mutual agreement in writing between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 19 \u2013 Termination \\n This Agreement shall remain in force until it is terminated by mutual agreement between the Parties. \\n\\n Article 20 \u2013 Succession \\n This Agreement binds any successors of both Parties. \\n\\n In witness whereof, the authorized representatives of the Parties have hereby signed this Agreement. \\n\\n DONE at ..........................., this..... day of..... , in two originals. \\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1315, "Sentence":"\\n\\n For the Government of [country of origin]: For the Government of [host country]:", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements nn government country origin government host country" }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n 1 see example special report secretary\u00adgeneral united nation organization mission democratic republic congo s\/2002\/1005 10 september 2002 section \u2018 principle involved disarmament demobilization repatriation resettlement reintegration foreign armed group \u2019 pp ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 6\u20137 report secretary\u00adgeneral security council liberia 11 september 2003 para ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 49 \u201c planned disarmament demobilization reintegration process liberia suc\u00ad ceed subregional approach take account presence foreign combatant liberia liberian ex\u00adcombatants neighbouring country would essential view subre\u00ad gional dimension conflict disarmament demobilization reintegration programme liberia linked extent possible ongoing disarmament demobilization rein\u00ad tegration process c\u00f4te \u2019 ivoire \u201d security council resolution 1509 2003 establishing united nation mission liberia para ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 1f ddr \u201c addressing inclusion non\u00adliberian combatant \u201d security council press release \u2018 security council call regional approach west africa address cross\u00adborder issue child soldier mercenary small arm \u2019 sc\/8037 25 march 2004 ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"\\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n 2 \u201c every state duty refrain organizing encouraging organization irregular force armed band including mercenary incursion territory another state . . . . every state duty refrain organizing instigating assisting participating act civil strife terrorist act another state acquiescing organized activity within territory directed towards commission act act referred present paragraph involve threat use force state shall organize assist foment finance incite tolerate subversive terrorist armed activity directed towards violent overthrow regime another state interfere civil strife another state. \u201d n 3 adopted un general assembly resolution 43\/173 9 december 1988 ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"\\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n 4 adopted first un congress prevention crime treatment offender geneva 1955 approved un economic social council resolution 663 c xxiv 31 july 1957 2076 lxii 13 may 1977 ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"\\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n 5 adopted un general assembly resolution 45\/111 14 december 1990 ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"\\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n 6 un general assembly resolution 56\/166 human right mass exodus para ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 8 26 february 2002 see also general assembly resolution 58\/169 para ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"7.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 7 ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"\\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n 7 un general assembly resolution 58\/169 human right mass exodus 9 march 2004 ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"\\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n 8 un general assembly report fifty\u00adfifth session executive committee high commissioner \u2019 programme a\/ac.96\/1003 12 october 2004 ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"\\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n 9 information separation internment combatant section 7 10 draw significantly paper presented expert \u2019 roundtable organized unhcr civilian humanitar\u00ad ian character asylum june 2004 particular background resource paper prepared conference maintaining civilian humanitarian character asylum rosa da costa unhcr legal protection policy research series department international protection ppla\/2004\/02 june 2004 well subsequent unhcr draft operational guideline maintaining civilian character asylum mass refugee influx situation ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"\\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n 10 internment camp foreign combatant established sierra leone mapeh mafanta camp combatant liberian war democratic republic congo drc zongo combatant central african republic zambia ukwimi camp combatant angola burundi rwanda drc tanzania mwisa separation facility combatant burundi drc ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"\\n 11 Da Costa, op.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n 11 da costa op ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"cit.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements cit ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"\\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n 12 full definition 1989 international convention recruitment use financing training mercenary contained glossary term annex ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements africa 1977 convention oau elimination mercenarism africa also applicable ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"\\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n 13 universal declaration human right art ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"14.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 14 ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements article contains exception \u201c case prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising non\u00adpolitical crime act contrary purpose principle united nation \u201d ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"\\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n 14 information see unhcr handbook repatriation reintegration activity geneva may 2004 ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"\\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n 15 un general assembly \u201c emphasized obligation state accept return national called upon state facilitate return national determined need international protection affirmed need return person undertaken safe humane manner full respect human right dignity irrespective status person concerned \u201d un general assembly resolution 57\/187 para ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"11, 18 December 2002).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements 11 18 december 2002 ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"\\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n 16 refer unhcr\/dpko note cooperation 2004 ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"\\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n 17 purpose conclusion term \u201c armed element \u201d used generic term refugee context refers combatant well civilian carrying weapon ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum.", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements similarly purpose conclusion term \u201c combatant \u201d cover person taking active part hostility inter\u00ad national non\u00adinternational armed conflict entered country asylum ." }, { "ID":72, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.40-Cross-border-Population-Movements", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Cross border Population Movements", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 See, for example, Special Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S\/2002\/1005, 10 September 2002, section on \u2018Principles Involved in the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration of Foreign Armed Groups\u2019, pp. 6\u20137; Report of the Secretary\u00adGeneral to the Security Council on Liberia, 11 September 2003, para. 49: \u201cFor the planned disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process in Liberia to suc\u00ad ceed, a subregional approach which takes into account the presence of foreign combatants in Liberia and Liberian ex\u00adcombatants in neighbouring countries would be essential In view of the subre\u00ad gional dimensions of the conflict, any disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programme for Liberia should be linked, to the extent possible, to the ongoing disarmament, demobilization and rein\u00ad tegration process in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire \u201d; Security Council resolution 1509 (2003) establishing the United Nations Mission in Liberia, para. 1(f) on DDR: \u201caddressing the inclusion of non\u00adLiberian combatants\u201d; Security Council press release, \u2018Security Council Calls for Regional Approach in West Africa to Address such Cross\u00adborder Issues as Child Soldiers, Mercenaries, Small Arms\u2019, SC\/8037, 25 March 2004. \\n 2 \u201cEvery State has the duty to refrain from organizing or encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed bands, including mercenaries, for incursion into the territory of another state . . . . Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing, instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in organized activities within its territory directed towards the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force No State shall organize, assist, foment, finance, incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.\u201d \\n 3 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 43\/173, 9 December 1988. \\n 4 Adopted by the First UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Geneva 1955, and approved by the UN Economic and Social Council in resolutions 663 C (XXIV) of 31 July 1957 and 2076 (LXII) of 13 May 1977. \\n 5 Adopted by UN General Assembly resolution 45\/111, 14 December 1990. \\n 6 UN General Assembly resolution 56\/166, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, para. 8, 26 February 2002; see also General Assembly resolution 58\/169, para. 7. \\n 7 UN General Assembly resolution 58\/169, Human Rights and Mass Exoduses, 9 March 2004. \\n 8 UN General Assembly, Report of the Fifty\u00adFifth Session of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner\u2019s Programme, A\/AC.96\/1003, 12 October 2004. \\n 9 Information on separation and internment of combatants in sections 7 to 10 draws significantly from papers presented at the Experts\u2019 Roundtable organized by UNHCR on the Civilian and Humanitar\u00ad ian Character of Asylum (June 2004), in particular the background resource paper prepared for the conference, Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Asylum by Rosa da Costa, UNHCR (Legal and Protection Policy Research Series, Department of International Protection, PPLA\/2004\/02, June 2004), as well as the subsequent UNHCR draft, Operational Guidelines on Maintaining the Civilian Character of Asylum in Mass Refugee Influx Situations. \\n 10 Internment camps for foreign combatants have been established in Sierra Leone (Mapeh and Mafanta camps for combatants from the Liberian war), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Zongo for combatants from Central African Republic), Zambia (Ukwimi camp for combatants from Angola, Burundi, Rwanda and DRC) and Tanzania (Mwisa separation facility for combatants from Burundi and DRC). \\n 11 Da Costa, op. cit. \\n 12 The full definition in the 1989 International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries is contained in the glossary of terms in Annex A. In Africa, the 1977 Convention of the OAU for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa is also applicable. \\n 13 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 14. The article contains an exception \u201cin the case of prose\u00ad cutions genuinely arising from non\u00adpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations\u201d. \\n 14 For further information see UNHCR, Handbook for Repatriation and Reintegration Activities, Geneva, May 2004. \\n 15 The UN General Assembly has \u201cemphasiz[ed] the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, call[ed] upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirm[ed] the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned\u201d (UN General Assembly resolution 57\/187, para. 11, 18 December 2002). \\n 16 Refer to UNHCR\/DPKO note on cooperation, 2004. \\n 17 For the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201carmed elements\u201d is used as a generic term in a refugee context that refers to combatants as well as civilians carrying weapons. Similarly, for the purpose of this Conclusion, the term \u201ccombatants\u201d covers persons taking active part in hostilities in both inter\u00ad national and non\u00adinternational armed conflict who have entered a country of asylum. \\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1316, "Sentence":"\\n 18 S\/1999\/957; S\/2001\/331 \\n 19 EC\/GC\/01\/8\/Rev.1 \\n 20 Workshop on the Potential Role of International Police in Refugee Camp Security (Ottawa, Canada, March 2001); Regional Symposium on Maintaining the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Status, Camps and other locations (Pretoria, South Africa, February 2001); International Seminar on Exploring the Role of the Military in Refugee Camp Security (Oxford, UK, July 2001).", "ProcessedSent":"Cross border Population Movements n 18 s\/1999\/957 s\/2001\/331 n 19 ec\/gc\/01\/8\/rev.1 n 20 workshop potential role international police refugee camp security ottawa canada march 2001 regional symposium maintaining civilian humanitarian character refugee status camp location pretoria south africa february 2001 international seminar exploring role military refugee camp security oxford uk july 2001 ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in large-scale life-saving and livelihood support programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN Resident Coordinator (UN RC) to provide food assistance in support of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process.Food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process shall adhere to humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Humanitarian agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process and all reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups prior to their demobilization, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported. For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either during a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Food assistance that is provided in support of a DDR process shall be based on a careful analysis of the food security situation. This shall include an analysis of any potential gender, age or disability barriers to receiving food assistance. The capacities and coping mechanisms of individuals, households and communities shall also be analysed to ensure the appropriateness and effectiveness of the assistance. Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall also be informed by a context\/conflict analysis and an analysis of the protection risks that could potentially be created by this assistance. For example, it is important to analyse whether food assistance may inadvertently create or exacerbate household or community tensions.Available and flexible resources are necessary in order to respond to the changes and unexpected problems that may arise during DDR processes. A food assistance component of a DDR process should not be implemented unless adequate resources and capacity are in place, including human, financial and logistics resources. If resources are not adequate, a risk analysis must inform decision- making and implementation. Maintaining a well-resourced food assistance pipeline, regardless of the selected transfer modality (in-kind support or cash-based transfers) is essential.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1317, "Sentence":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR acute food insecurity trigger root cause armed conflict ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in large-scale life-saving and livelihood support programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN Resident Coordinator (UN RC) to provide food assistance in support of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process.Food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process shall adhere to humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Humanitarian agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process and all reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups prior to their demobilization, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported. For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either during a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Food assistance that is provided in support of a DDR process shall be based on a careful analysis of the food security situation. This shall include an analysis of any potential gender, age or disability barriers to receiving food assistance. The capacities and coping mechanisms of individuals, households and communities shall also be analysed to ensure the appropriateness and effectiveness of the assistance. Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall also be informed by a context\/conflict analysis and an analysis of the protection risks that could potentially be created by this assistance. For example, it is important to analyse whether food assistance may inadvertently create or exacerbate household or community tensions.Available and flexible resources are necessary in order to respond to the changes and unexpected problems that may arise during DDR processes. A food assistance component of a DDR process should not be implemented unless adequate resources and capacity are in place, including human, financial and logistics resources. If resources are not adequate, a risk analysis must inform decision- making and implementation. Maintaining a well-resourced food assistance pipeline, regardless of the selected transfer modality (in-kind support or cash-based transfers) is essential.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1317, "Sentence":"Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR furthermore armed conflict major driver food insecurity ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in large-scale life-saving and livelihood support programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN Resident Coordinator (UN RC) to provide food assistance in support of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process.Food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process shall adhere to humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Humanitarian agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process and all reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups prior to their demobilization, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported. For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either during a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Food assistance that is provided in support of a DDR process shall be based on a careful analysis of the food security situation. This shall include an analysis of any potential gender, age or disability barriers to receiving food assistance. The capacities and coping mechanisms of individuals, households and communities shall also be analysed to ensure the appropriateness and effectiveness of the assistance. Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall also be informed by a context\/conflict analysis and an analysis of the protection risks that could potentially be created by this assistance. For example, it is important to analyse whether food assistance may inadvertently create or exacerbate household or community tensions.Available and flexible resources are necessary in order to respond to the changes and unexpected problems that may arise during DDR processes. A food assistance component of a DDR process should not be implemented unless adequate resources and capacity are in place, including human, financial and logistics resources. If resources are not adequate, a risk analysis must inform decision- making and implementation. Maintaining a well-resourced food assistance pipeline, regardless of the selected transfer modality (in-kind support or cash-based transfers) is essential.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1317, "Sentence":"In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in large-scale life-saving and livelihood support programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR country region affected armed conflict humanitarian food assistance agency often already engaged largescale lifesaving livelihood support programme assist vulnerable conflictaffected civilian community including displaced population ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in large-scale life-saving and livelihood support programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN Resident Coordinator (UN RC) to provide food assistance in support of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process.Food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process shall adhere to humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Humanitarian agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process and all reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups prior to their demobilization, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported. For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either during a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Food assistance that is provided in support of a DDR process shall be based on a careful analysis of the food security situation. This shall include an analysis of any potential gender, age or disability barriers to receiving food assistance. The capacities and coping mechanisms of individuals, households and communities shall also be analysed to ensure the appropriateness and effectiveness of the assistance. Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall also be informed by a context\/conflict analysis and an analysis of the protection risks that could potentially be created by this assistance. For example, it is important to analyse whether food assistance may inadvertently create or exacerbate household or community tensions.Available and flexible resources are necessary in order to respond to the changes and unexpected problems that may arise during DDR processes. A food assistance component of a DDR process should not be implemented unless adequate resources and capacity are in place, including human, financial and logistics resources. If resources are not adequate, a risk analysis must inform decision- making and implementation. Maintaining a well-resourced food assistance pipeline, regardless of the selected transfer modality (in-kind support or cash-based transfers) is essential.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1317, "Sentence":"These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN Resident Coordinator (UN RC) to provide food assistance in support of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process.Food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process shall adhere to humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR agency may asked national government peace operation un resident coordinator un rc provide food assistance support disarmament demobilization reintegration ddr process.food assistance provided humanitarian food assistance agency part ddr process shall adhere humanitarian principle best practice humanitarian food assistance ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in large-scale life-saving and livelihood support programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN Resident Coordinator (UN RC) to provide food assistance in support of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process.Food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process shall adhere to humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Humanitarian agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process and all reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups prior to their demobilization, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported. For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either during a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Food assistance that is provided in support of a DDR process shall be based on a careful analysis of the food security situation. This shall include an analysis of any potential gender, age or disability barriers to receiving food assistance. The capacities and coping mechanisms of individuals, households and communities shall also be analysed to ensure the appropriateness and effectiveness of the assistance. Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall also be informed by a context\/conflict analysis and an analysis of the protection risks that could potentially be created by this assistance. For example, it is important to analyse whether food assistance may inadvertently create or exacerbate household or community tensions.Available and flexible resources are necessary in order to respond to the changes and unexpected problems that may arise during DDR processes. A food assistance component of a DDR process should not be implemented unless adequate resources and capacity are in place, including human, financial and logistics resources. If resources are not adequate, a risk analysis must inform decision- making and implementation. Maintaining a well-resourced food assistance pipeline, regardless of the selected transfer modality (in-kind support or cash-based transfers) is essential.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1317, "Sentence":"Humanitarian agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process and all reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR humanitarian agency shall provide food assistance armed personnel point ddr process reasonable precaution measure shall taken ensure food assistance taken used combatant warring faction ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in large-scale life-saving and livelihood support programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN Resident Coordinator (UN RC) to provide food assistance in support of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process.Food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process shall adhere to humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Humanitarian agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process and all reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups prior to their demobilization, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported. For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either during a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Food assistance that is provided in support of a DDR process shall be based on a careful analysis of the food security situation. This shall include an analysis of any potential gender, age or disability barriers to receiving food assistance. The capacities and coping mechanisms of individuals, households and communities shall also be analysed to ensure the appropriateness and effectiveness of the assistance. Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall also be informed by a context\/conflict analysis and an analysis of the protection risks that could potentially be created by this assistance. For example, it is important to analyse whether food assistance may inadvertently create or exacerbate household or community tensions.Available and flexible resources are necessary in order to respond to the changes and unexpected problems that may arise during DDR processes. A food assistance component of a DDR process should not be implemented unless adequate resources and capacity are in place, including human, financial and logistics resources. If resources are not adequate, a risk analysis must inform decision- making and implementation. Maintaining a well-resourced food assistance pipeline, regardless of the selected transfer modality (in-kind support or cash-based transfers) is essential.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1317, "Sentence":"When food is provided to armed forces and groups prior to their demobilization, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food provided armed force group prior demobilization government peacekeeping actor cooperating partner humanitarian agency shall responsible aspect process \u2013 acquisition food distribution.as outlined iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ddr process include various combination ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in large-scale life-saving and livelihood support programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN Resident Coordinator (UN RC) to provide food assistance in support of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process.Food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process shall adhere to humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Humanitarian agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process and all reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups prior to their demobilization, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported. For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either during a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Food assistance that is provided in support of a DDR process shall be based on a careful analysis of the food security situation. This shall include an analysis of any potential gender, age or disability barriers to receiving food assistance. The capacities and coping mechanisms of individuals, households and communities shall also be analysed to ensure the appropriateness and effectiveness of the assistance. Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall also be informed by a context\/conflict analysis and an analysis of the protection risks that could potentially be created by this assistance. For example, it is important to analyse whether food assistance may inadvertently create or exacerbate household or community tensions.Available and flexible resources are necessary in order to respond to the changes and unexpected problems that may arise during DDR processes. A food assistance component of a DDR process should not be implemented unless adequate resources and capacity are in place, including human, financial and logistics resources. If resources are not adequate, a risk analysis must inform decision- making and implementation. Maintaining a well-resourced food assistance pipeline, regardless of the selected transfer modality (in-kind support or cash-based transfers) is essential.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1317, "Sentence":"The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR objective mean food assistance provided differ depending type ddr process supported ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in large-scale life-saving and livelihood support programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN Resident Coordinator (UN RC) to provide food assistance in support of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process.Food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process shall adhere to humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Humanitarian agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process and all reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups prior to their demobilization, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported. For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either during a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Food assistance that is provided in support of a DDR process shall be based on a careful analysis of the food security situation. This shall include an analysis of any potential gender, age or disability barriers to receiving food assistance. The capacities and coping mechanisms of individuals, households and communities shall also be analysed to ensure the appropriateness and effectiveness of the assistance. Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall also be informed by a context\/conflict analysis and an analysis of the protection risks that could potentially be created by this assistance. For example, it is important to analyse whether food assistance may inadvertently create or exacerbate household or community tensions.Available and flexible resources are necessary in order to respond to the changes and unexpected problems that may arise during DDR processes. A food assistance component of a DDR process should not be implemented unless adequate resources and capacity are in place, including human, financial and logistics resources. If resources are not adequate, a risk analysis must inform decision- making and implementation. Maintaining a well-resourced food assistance pipeline, regardless of the selected transfer modality (in-kind support or cash-based transfers) is essential.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1317, "Sentence":"For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR example ddr programme food assistance provided disarmament and\/or cantonment site part transitional safety net support reinsertion reintegration ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in large-scale life-saving and livelihood support programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN Resident Coordinator (UN RC) to provide food assistance in support of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process.Food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process shall adhere to humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Humanitarian agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process and all reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups prior to their demobilization, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported. For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either during a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Food assistance that is provided in support of a DDR process shall be based on a careful analysis of the food security situation. This shall include an analysis of any potential gender, age or disability barriers to receiving food assistance. The capacities and coping mechanisms of individuals, households and communities shall also be analysed to ensure the appropriateness and effectiveness of the assistance. Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall also be informed by a context\/conflict analysis and an analysis of the protection risks that could potentially be created by this assistance. For example, it is important to analyse whether food assistance may inadvertently create or exacerbate household or community tensions.Available and flexible resources are necessary in order to respond to the changes and unexpected problems that may arise during DDR processes. A food assistance component of a DDR process should not be implemented unless adequate resources and capacity are in place, including human, financial and logistics resources. If resources are not adequate, a risk analysis must inform decision- making and implementation. Maintaining a well-resourced food assistance pipeline, regardless of the selected transfer modality (in-kind support or cash-based transfers) is essential.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1317, "Sentence":"Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either during a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance also provided part reintegration support either ddr programme precondition ddr programme place see iddrs 4.20 demobilization ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in large-scale life-saving and livelihood support programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN Resident Coordinator (UN RC) to provide food assistance in support of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process.Food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process shall adhere to humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Humanitarian agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process and all reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups prior to their demobilization, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported. For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either during a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Food assistance that is provided in support of a DDR process shall be based on a careful analysis of the food security situation. This shall include an analysis of any potential gender, age or disability barriers to receiving food assistance. The capacities and coping mechanisms of individuals, households and communities shall also be analysed to ensure the appropriateness and effectiveness of the assistance. Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall also be informed by a context\/conflict analysis and an analysis of the protection risks that could potentially be created by this assistance. For example, it is important to analyse whether food assistance may inadvertently create or exacerbate household or community tensions.Available and flexible resources are necessary in order to respond to the changes and unexpected problems that may arise during DDR processes. A food assistance component of a DDR process should not be implemented unless adequate resources and capacity are in place, including human, financial and logistics resources. If resources are not adequate, a risk analysis must inform decision- making and implementation. Maintaining a well-resourced food assistance pipeline, regardless of the selected transfer modality (in-kind support or cash-based transfers) is essential.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1317, "Sentence":"In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Food assistance that is provided in support of a DDR process shall be based on a careful analysis of the food security situation.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR addition food assistance part preddr cvr see iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction.food assistance provided support ddr process shall based careful analysis food security situation ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in large-scale life-saving and livelihood support programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN Resident Coordinator (UN RC) to provide food assistance in support of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process.Food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process shall adhere to humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Humanitarian agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process and all reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups prior to their demobilization, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported. For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either during a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Food assistance that is provided in support of a DDR process shall be based on a careful analysis of the food security situation. This shall include an analysis of any potential gender, age or disability barriers to receiving food assistance. The capacities and coping mechanisms of individuals, households and communities shall also be analysed to ensure the appropriateness and effectiveness of the assistance. Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall also be informed by a context\/conflict analysis and an analysis of the protection risks that could potentially be created by this assistance. For example, it is important to analyse whether food assistance may inadvertently create or exacerbate household or community tensions.Available and flexible resources are necessary in order to respond to the changes and unexpected problems that may arise during DDR processes. A food assistance component of a DDR process should not be implemented unless adequate resources and capacity are in place, including human, financial and logistics resources. If resources are not adequate, a risk analysis must inform decision- making and implementation. Maintaining a well-resourced food assistance pipeline, regardless of the selected transfer modality (in-kind support or cash-based transfers) is essential.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1317, "Sentence":"This shall include an analysis of any potential gender, age or disability barriers to receiving food assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR shall include analysis potential gender age disability barrier receiving food assistance ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in large-scale life-saving and livelihood support programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN Resident Coordinator (UN RC) to provide food assistance in support of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process.Food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process shall adhere to humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Humanitarian agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process and all reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups prior to their demobilization, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported. For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either during a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Food assistance that is provided in support of a DDR process shall be based on a careful analysis of the food security situation. This shall include an analysis of any potential gender, age or disability barriers to receiving food assistance. The capacities and coping mechanisms of individuals, households and communities shall also be analysed to ensure the appropriateness and effectiveness of the assistance. Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall also be informed by a context\/conflict analysis and an analysis of the protection risks that could potentially be created by this assistance. For example, it is important to analyse whether food assistance may inadvertently create or exacerbate household or community tensions.Available and flexible resources are necessary in order to respond to the changes and unexpected problems that may arise during DDR processes. A food assistance component of a DDR process should not be implemented unless adequate resources and capacity are in place, including human, financial and logistics resources. If resources are not adequate, a risk analysis must inform decision- making and implementation. Maintaining a well-resourced food assistance pipeline, regardless of the selected transfer modality (in-kind support or cash-based transfers) is essential.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1317, "Sentence":"The capacities and coping mechanisms of individuals, households and communities shall also be analysed to ensure the appropriateness and effectiveness of the assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR capacity coping mechanism individual household community shall also analysed ensure appropriateness effectiveness assistance ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in large-scale life-saving and livelihood support programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN Resident Coordinator (UN RC) to provide food assistance in support of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process.Food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process shall adhere to humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Humanitarian agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process and all reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups prior to their demobilization, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported. For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either during a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Food assistance that is provided in support of a DDR process shall be based on a careful analysis of the food security situation. This shall include an analysis of any potential gender, age or disability barriers to receiving food assistance. The capacities and coping mechanisms of individuals, households and communities shall also be analysed to ensure the appropriateness and effectiveness of the assistance. Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall also be informed by a context\/conflict analysis and an analysis of the protection risks that could potentially be created by this assistance. For example, it is important to analyse whether food assistance may inadvertently create or exacerbate household or community tensions.Available and flexible resources are necessary in order to respond to the changes and unexpected problems that may arise during DDR processes. A food assistance component of a DDR process should not be implemented unless adequate resources and capacity are in place, including human, financial and logistics resources. If resources are not adequate, a risk analysis must inform decision- making and implementation. Maintaining a well-resourced food assistance pipeline, regardless of the selected transfer modality (in-kind support or cash-based transfers) is essential.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1317, "Sentence":"Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall also be informed by a context\/conflict analysis and an analysis of the protection risks that could potentially be created by this assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance part ddr process shall also informed context\/conflict analysis analysis protection risk could potentially created assistance ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in large-scale life-saving and livelihood support programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN Resident Coordinator (UN RC) to provide food assistance in support of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process.Food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process shall adhere to humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Humanitarian agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process and all reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups prior to their demobilization, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported. For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either during a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Food assistance that is provided in support of a DDR process shall be based on a careful analysis of the food security situation. This shall include an analysis of any potential gender, age or disability barriers to receiving food assistance. The capacities and coping mechanisms of individuals, households and communities shall also be analysed to ensure the appropriateness and effectiveness of the assistance. Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall also be informed by a context\/conflict analysis and an analysis of the protection risks that could potentially be created by this assistance. For example, it is important to analyse whether food assistance may inadvertently create or exacerbate household or community tensions.Available and flexible resources are necessary in order to respond to the changes and unexpected problems that may arise during DDR processes. A food assistance component of a DDR process should not be implemented unless adequate resources and capacity are in place, including human, financial and logistics resources. If resources are not adequate, a risk analysis must inform decision- making and implementation. Maintaining a well-resourced food assistance pipeline, regardless of the selected transfer modality (in-kind support or cash-based transfers) is essential.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1317, "Sentence":"For example, it is important to analyse whether food assistance may inadvertently create or exacerbate household or community tensions.Available and flexible resources are necessary in order to respond to the changes and unexpected problems that may arise during DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR example important analyse whether food assistance may inadvertently create exacerbate household community tensions.available flexible resource necessary order respond change unexpected problem may arise ddr process ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in large-scale life-saving and livelihood support programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN Resident Coordinator (UN RC) to provide food assistance in support of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process.Food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process shall adhere to humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Humanitarian agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process and all reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups prior to their demobilization, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported. For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either during a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Food assistance that is provided in support of a DDR process shall be based on a careful analysis of the food security situation. This shall include an analysis of any potential gender, age or disability barriers to receiving food assistance. The capacities and coping mechanisms of individuals, households and communities shall also be analysed to ensure the appropriateness and effectiveness of the assistance. Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall also be informed by a context\/conflict analysis and an analysis of the protection risks that could potentially be created by this assistance. For example, it is important to analyse whether food assistance may inadvertently create or exacerbate household or community tensions.Available and flexible resources are necessary in order to respond to the changes and unexpected problems that may arise during DDR processes. A food assistance component of a DDR process should not be implemented unless adequate resources and capacity are in place, including human, financial and logistics resources. If resources are not adequate, a risk analysis must inform decision- making and implementation. Maintaining a well-resourced food assistance pipeline, regardless of the selected transfer modality (in-kind support or cash-based transfers) is essential.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1317, "Sentence":"A food assistance component of a DDR process should not be implemented unless adequate resources and capacity are in place, including human, financial and logistics resources.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance component ddr process implemented unless adequate resource capacity place including human financial logistics resource ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in large-scale life-saving and livelihood support programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN Resident Coordinator (UN RC) to provide food assistance in support of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process.Food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process shall adhere to humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Humanitarian agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process and all reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups prior to their demobilization, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported. For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either during a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Food assistance that is provided in support of a DDR process shall be based on a careful analysis of the food security situation. This shall include an analysis of any potential gender, age or disability barriers to receiving food assistance. The capacities and coping mechanisms of individuals, households and communities shall also be analysed to ensure the appropriateness and effectiveness of the assistance. Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall also be informed by a context\/conflict analysis and an analysis of the protection risks that could potentially be created by this assistance. For example, it is important to analyse whether food assistance may inadvertently create or exacerbate household or community tensions.Available and flexible resources are necessary in order to respond to the changes and unexpected problems that may arise during DDR processes. A food assistance component of a DDR process should not be implemented unless adequate resources and capacity are in place, including human, financial and logistics resources. If resources are not adequate, a risk analysis must inform decision- making and implementation. Maintaining a well-resourced food assistance pipeline, regardless of the selected transfer modality (in-kind support or cash-based transfers) is essential.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1317, "Sentence":"If resources are not adequate, a risk analysis must inform decision- making and implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR resource adequate risk analysis must inform decision making implementation ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in large-scale life-saving and livelihood support programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN Resident Coordinator (UN RC) to provide food assistance in support of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process.Food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process shall adhere to humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Humanitarian agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process and all reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups prior to their demobilization, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported. For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either during a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).Food assistance that is provided in support of a DDR process shall be based on a careful analysis of the food security situation. This shall include an analysis of any potential gender, age or disability barriers to receiving food assistance. The capacities and coping mechanisms of individuals, households and communities shall also be analysed to ensure the appropriateness and effectiveness of the assistance. Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall also be informed by a context\/conflict analysis and an analysis of the protection risks that could potentially be created by this assistance. For example, it is important to analyse whether food assistance may inadvertently create or exacerbate household or community tensions.Available and flexible resources are necessary in order to respond to the changes and unexpected problems that may arise during DDR processes. A food assistance component of a DDR process should not be implemented unless adequate resources and capacity are in place, including human, financial and logistics resources. If resources are not adequate, a risk analysis must inform decision- making and implementation. Maintaining a well-resourced food assistance pipeline, regardless of the selected transfer modality (in-kind support or cash-based transfers) is essential.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1317, "Sentence":"Maintaining a well-resourced food assistance pipeline, regardless of the selected transfer modality (in-kind support or cash-based transfers) is essential.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR maintaining wellresourced food assistance pipeline regardless selected transfer modality inkind support cashbased transfer essential ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module outlines the operational requirements for the planning, design and implementation of the food assistance component of a DDR process in both mission and non-mission settings. It focuses on instances where food assistance is provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants and community members.1 It also examines the different modalities through which food assistance can be provided, including in-kind support, cash-based transfers, vouchers and digital payments (such as mobile money transfers). Although not the focus of this module, the guidance provided herein may also be of use to Government and peacekeeping actors engaged in the provision of food assistance during DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1318, "Sentence":"This module outlines the operational requirements for the planning, design and implementation of the food assistance component of a DDR process in both mission and non-mission settings.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR module outline operational requirement planning design implementation food assistance component ddr process mission nonmission setting ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module outlines the operational requirements for the planning, design and implementation of the food assistance component of a DDR process in both mission and non-mission settings. It focuses on instances where food assistance is provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants and community members.1 It also examines the different modalities through which food assistance can be provided, including in-kind support, cash-based transfers, vouchers and digital payments (such as mobile money transfers). Although not the focus of this module, the guidance provided herein may also be of use to Government and peacekeeping actors engaged in the provision of food assistance during DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1318, "Sentence":"It focuses on instances where food assistance is provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants and community members.1 It also examines the different modalities through which food assistance can be provided, including in-kind support, cash-based transfers, vouchers and digital payments (such as mobile money transfers).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR focus instance food assistance provided humanitarian food assistance agency part ddr process excombatants person formerly associated armed force group dependant community members.1 also examines different modality food assistance provided including inkind support cashbased transfer voucher digital payment mobile money transfer ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module outlines the operational requirements for the planning, design and implementation of the food assistance component of a DDR process in both mission and non-mission settings. It focuses on instances where food assistance is provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies as part of a DDR process to ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants and community members.1 It also examines the different modalities through which food assistance can be provided, including in-kind support, cash-based transfers, vouchers and digital payments (such as mobile money transfers). Although not the focus of this module, the guidance provided herein may also be of use to Government and peacekeeping actors engaged in the provision of food assistance during DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1318, "Sentence":"Although not the focus of this module, the guidance provided herein may also be of use to Government and peacekeeping actors engaged in the provision of food assistance during DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR although focus module guidance provided herein may also use government peacekeeping actor engaged provision food assistance ddr ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Cash-based transfers (CBTs): This term is used when, instead of providing a package of food, money is given to buy food. CBTs include cash as well as value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. CBTs may also include digital transfers such as payments made to mobile phones (\u201cmobile money transfers\u201d).Commodity vouchers: Vouchers may also be commodity-based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods.Coping mechanisms: The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food and (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long-term ability to survive, or harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.Food assistance for assets (FFA): FFA aims to address the immediate food needs of the most food-insecure people while improving their long-term food security and resilience. People receive cash, vouchers or in-kind food assistance while they build or boost assets, such as constructing a road or rehabilitating degraded land. These assets should in turn improve their livelihoods by creating healthier natural environments, reducing risks and the impact of shocks, increasing food productivity and strengthening resilience to natural disasters. FFA is sometimes referred to as food for work.Food assistance programmes (FAPs): These programmes aim to improve the food security and nutritional status of the targeted population and can be implemented through different transfer modalities, including in-kind food rations and CBTs.Food assistance for training (FFT): A programme in which food or cash is supplied on the condition that the recipient attends a training programme.Food security: A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. (Note: This definition includes the three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food, adequate access to food, and appropriate utilization of food.)Vulnerability: In terms of food supply, vulnerability refers to the presence of factors that place people at risk of becoming food insecure or malnourished, including those factors that affect their ability to cope with these risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1319, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR annex contains list term definition abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Cash-based transfers (CBTs): This term is used when, instead of providing a package of food, money is given to buy food. CBTs include cash as well as value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. CBTs may also include digital transfers such as payments made to mobile phones (\u201cmobile money transfers\u201d).Commodity vouchers: Vouchers may also be commodity-based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods.Coping mechanisms: The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food and (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long-term ability to survive, or harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.Food assistance for assets (FFA): FFA aims to address the immediate food needs of the most food-insecure people while improving their long-term food security and resilience. People receive cash, vouchers or in-kind food assistance while they build or boost assets, such as constructing a road or rehabilitating degraded land. These assets should in turn improve their livelihoods by creating healthier natural environments, reducing risks and the impact of shocks, increasing food productivity and strengthening resilience to natural disasters. FFA is sometimes referred to as food for work.Food assistance programmes (FAPs): These programmes aim to improve the food security and nutritional status of the targeted population and can be implemented through different transfer modalities, including in-kind food rations and CBTs.Food assistance for training (FFT): A programme in which food or cash is supplied on the condition that the recipient attends a training programme.Food security: A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. (Note: This definition includes the three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food, adequate access to food, and appropriate utilization of food.)Vulnerability: In terms of food supply, vulnerability refers to the presence of factors that place people at risk of becoming food insecure or malnourished, including those factors that affect their ability to cope with these risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1319, "Sentence":"A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR com\u00ad plete glossary term definition abbreviation used series integrated ddr standard iddrs given iddrs 1.20 ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Cash-based transfers (CBTs): This term is used when, instead of providing a package of food, money is given to buy food. CBTs include cash as well as value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. CBTs may also include digital transfers such as payments made to mobile phones (\u201cmobile money transfers\u201d).Commodity vouchers: Vouchers may also be commodity-based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods.Coping mechanisms: The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food and (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long-term ability to survive, or harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.Food assistance for assets (FFA): FFA aims to address the immediate food needs of the most food-insecure people while improving their long-term food security and resilience. People receive cash, vouchers or in-kind food assistance while they build or boost assets, such as constructing a road or rehabilitating degraded land. These assets should in turn improve their livelihoods by creating healthier natural environments, reducing risks and the impact of shocks, increasing food productivity and strengthening resilience to natural disasters. FFA is sometimes referred to as food for work.Food assistance programmes (FAPs): These programmes aim to improve the food security and nutritional status of the targeted population and can be implemented through different transfer modalities, including in-kind food rations and CBTs.Food assistance for training (FFT): A programme in which food or cash is supplied on the condition that the recipient attends a training programme.Food security: A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. (Note: This definition includes the three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food, adequate access to food, and appropriate utilization of food.)Vulnerability: In terms of food supply, vulnerability refers to the presence of factors that place people at risk of becoming food insecure or malnourished, including those factors that affect their ability to cope with these risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1319, "Sentence":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Cash-based transfers (CBTs): This term is used when, instead of providing a package of food, money is given to buy food. CBTs include cash as well as value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. CBTs may also include digital transfers such as payments made to mobile phones (\u201cmobile money transfers\u201d).Commodity vouchers: Vouchers may also be commodity-based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods.Coping mechanisms: The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food and (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long-term ability to survive, or harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.Food assistance for assets (FFA): FFA aims to address the immediate food needs of the most food-insecure people while improving their long-term food security and resilience. People receive cash, vouchers or in-kind food assistance while they build or boost assets, such as constructing a road or rehabilitating degraded land. These assets should in turn improve their livelihoods by creating healthier natural environments, reducing risks and the impact of shocks, increasing food productivity and strengthening resilience to natural disasters. FFA is sometimes referred to as food for work.Food assistance programmes (FAPs): These programmes aim to improve the food security and nutritional status of the targeted population and can be implemented through different transfer modalities, including in-kind food rations and CBTs.Food assistance for training (FFT): A programme in which food or cash is supplied on the condition that the recipient attends a training programme.Food security: A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. (Note: This definition includes the three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food, adequate access to food, and appropriate utilization of food.)Vulnerability: In terms of food supply, vulnerability refers to the presence of factors that place people at risk of becoming food insecure or malnourished, including those factors that affect their ability to cope with these risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1319, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Cash-based transfers (CBTs): This term is used when, instead of providing a package of food, money is given to buy food.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR use consistent language used international organization standardization iso standard guideline n \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action n \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability n e \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation.cashbased transfer cbts term used instead providing package food money given buy food ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Cash-based transfers (CBTs): This term is used when, instead of providing a package of food, money is given to buy food. CBTs include cash as well as value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. CBTs may also include digital transfers such as payments made to mobile phones (\u201cmobile money transfers\u201d).Commodity vouchers: Vouchers may also be commodity-based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods.Coping mechanisms: The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food and (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long-term ability to survive, or harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.Food assistance for assets (FFA): FFA aims to address the immediate food needs of the most food-insecure people while improving their long-term food security and resilience. People receive cash, vouchers or in-kind food assistance while they build or boost assets, such as constructing a road or rehabilitating degraded land. These assets should in turn improve their livelihoods by creating healthier natural environments, reducing risks and the impact of shocks, increasing food productivity and strengthening resilience to natural disasters. FFA is sometimes referred to as food for work.Food assistance programmes (FAPs): These programmes aim to improve the food security and nutritional status of the targeted population and can be implemented through different transfer modalities, including in-kind food rations and CBTs.Food assistance for training (FFT): A programme in which food or cash is supplied on the condition that the recipient attends a training programme.Food security: A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. (Note: This definition includes the three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food, adequate access to food, and appropriate utilization of food.)Vulnerability: In terms of food supply, vulnerability refers to the presence of factors that place people at risk of becoming food insecure or malnourished, including those factors that affect their ability to cope with these risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1319, "Sentence":"CBTs include cash as well as value vouchers.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR cbts include cash well value voucher ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Cash-based transfers (CBTs): This term is used when, instead of providing a package of food, money is given to buy food. CBTs include cash as well as value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. CBTs may also include digital transfers such as payments made to mobile phones (\u201cmobile money transfers\u201d).Commodity vouchers: Vouchers may also be commodity-based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods.Coping mechanisms: The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food and (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long-term ability to survive, or harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.Food assistance for assets (FFA): FFA aims to address the immediate food needs of the most food-insecure people while improving their long-term food security and resilience. People receive cash, vouchers or in-kind food assistance while they build or boost assets, such as constructing a road or rehabilitating degraded land. These assets should in turn improve their livelihoods by creating healthier natural environments, reducing risks and the impact of shocks, increasing food productivity and strengthening resilience to natural disasters. FFA is sometimes referred to as food for work.Food assistance programmes (FAPs): These programmes aim to improve the food security and nutritional status of the targeted population and can be implemented through different transfer modalities, including in-kind food rations and CBTs.Food assistance for training (FFT): A programme in which food or cash is supplied on the condition that the recipient attends a training programme.Food security: A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. (Note: This definition includes the three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food, adequate access to food, and appropriate utilization of food.)Vulnerability: In terms of food supply, vulnerability refers to the presence of factors that place people at risk of becoming food insecure or malnourished, including those factors that affect their ability to cope with these risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1319, "Sentence":"Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR value voucher \u2013 also known gift card stamp provide access commodity given monetary amount often used predetermined location including selected shop ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Cash-based transfers (CBTs): This term is used when, instead of providing a package of food, money is given to buy food. CBTs include cash as well as value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. CBTs may also include digital transfers such as payments made to mobile phones (\u201cmobile money transfers\u201d).Commodity vouchers: Vouchers may also be commodity-based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods.Coping mechanisms: The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food and (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long-term ability to survive, or harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.Food assistance for assets (FFA): FFA aims to address the immediate food needs of the most food-insecure people while improving their long-term food security and resilience. People receive cash, vouchers or in-kind food assistance while they build or boost assets, such as constructing a road or rehabilitating degraded land. These assets should in turn improve their livelihoods by creating healthier natural environments, reducing risks and the impact of shocks, increasing food productivity and strengthening resilience to natural disasters. FFA is sometimes referred to as food for work.Food assistance programmes (FAPs): These programmes aim to improve the food security and nutritional status of the targeted population and can be implemented through different transfer modalities, including in-kind food rations and CBTs.Food assistance for training (FFT): A programme in which food or cash is supplied on the condition that the recipient attends a training programme.Food security: A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. (Note: This definition includes the three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food, adequate access to food, and appropriate utilization of food.)Vulnerability: In terms of food supply, vulnerability refers to the presence of factors that place people at risk of becoming food insecure or malnourished, including those factors that affect their ability to cope with these risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1319, "Sentence":"CBTs may also include digital transfers such as payments made to mobile phones (\u201cmobile money transfers\u201d).Commodity vouchers: Vouchers may also be commodity-based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods.Coping mechanisms: The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR cbts may also include digital transfer payment made mobile phone \u201c mobile money transfer \u201d .commodity voucher voucher may also commoditybased i.e . tied predefined quantity given foods.coping mechanism method member household try deal crisis ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Cash-based transfers (CBTs): This term is used when, instead of providing a package of food, money is given to buy food. CBTs include cash as well as value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. CBTs may also include digital transfers such as payments made to mobile phones (\u201cmobile money transfers\u201d).Commodity vouchers: Vouchers may also be commodity-based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods.Coping mechanisms: The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food and (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long-term ability to survive, or harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.Food assistance for assets (FFA): FFA aims to address the immediate food needs of the most food-insecure people while improving their long-term food security and resilience. People receive cash, vouchers or in-kind food assistance while they build or boost assets, such as constructing a road or rehabilitating degraded land. These assets should in turn improve their livelihoods by creating healthier natural environments, reducing risks and the impact of shocks, increasing food productivity and strengthening resilience to natural disasters. FFA is sometimes referred to as food for work.Food assistance programmes (FAPs): These programmes aim to improve the food security and nutritional status of the targeted population and can be implemented through different transfer modalities, including in-kind food rations and CBTs.Food assistance for training (FFT): A programme in which food or cash is supplied on the condition that the recipient attends a training programme.Food security: A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. (Note: This definition includes the three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food, adequate access to food, and appropriate utilization of food.)Vulnerability: In terms of food supply, vulnerability refers to the presence of factors that place people at risk of becoming food insecure or malnourished, including those factors that affect their ability to cope with these risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1319, "Sentence":"For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food and (6) migrate.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR example time severe food insecurity household member may 1 make greater use normal wild food 2 plant crop 3 seek source income 4 rely gift remittance 5 sell asset buy food 6 migrate ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Cash-based transfers (CBTs): This term is used when, instead of providing a package of food, money is given to buy food. CBTs include cash as well as value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. CBTs may also include digital transfers such as payments made to mobile phones (\u201cmobile money transfers\u201d).Commodity vouchers: Vouchers may also be commodity-based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods.Coping mechanisms: The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food and (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long-term ability to survive, or harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.Food assistance for assets (FFA): FFA aims to address the immediate food needs of the most food-insecure people while improving their long-term food security and resilience. People receive cash, vouchers or in-kind food assistance while they build or boost assets, such as constructing a road or rehabilitating degraded land. These assets should in turn improve their livelihoods by creating healthier natural environments, reducing risks and the impact of shocks, increasing food productivity and strengthening resilience to natural disasters. FFA is sometimes referred to as food for work.Food assistance programmes (FAPs): These programmes aim to improve the food security and nutritional status of the targeted population and can be implemented through different transfer modalities, including in-kind food rations and CBTs.Food assistance for training (FFT): A programme in which food or cash is supplied on the condition that the recipient attends a training programme.Food security: A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. (Note: This definition includes the three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food, adequate access to food, and appropriate utilization of food.)Vulnerability: In terms of food supply, vulnerability refers to the presence of factors that place people at risk of becoming food insecure or malnourished, including those factors that affect their ability to cope with these risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1319, "Sentence":"Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long-term ability to survive, or harm the environment.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR coping mechanism discouraged lead disinvestment reduce household \u2019 capacity recover longterm ability survive harm environment ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Cash-based transfers (CBTs): This term is used when, instead of providing a package of food, money is given to buy food. CBTs include cash as well as value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. CBTs may also include digital transfers such as payments made to mobile phones (\u201cmobile money transfers\u201d).Commodity vouchers: Vouchers may also be commodity-based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods.Coping mechanisms: The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food and (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long-term ability to survive, or harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.Food assistance for assets (FFA): FFA aims to address the immediate food needs of the most food-insecure people while improving their long-term food security and resilience. People receive cash, vouchers or in-kind food assistance while they build or boost assets, such as constructing a road or rehabilitating degraded land. These assets should in turn improve their livelihoods by creating healthier natural environments, reducing risks and the impact of shocks, increasing food productivity and strengthening resilience to natural disasters. FFA is sometimes referred to as food for work.Food assistance programmes (FAPs): These programmes aim to improve the food security and nutritional status of the targeted population and can be implemented through different transfer modalities, including in-kind food rations and CBTs.Food assistance for training (FFT): A programme in which food or cash is supplied on the condition that the recipient attends a training programme.Food security: A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. (Note: This definition includes the three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food, adequate access to food, and appropriate utilization of food.)Vulnerability: In terms of food supply, vulnerability refers to the presence of factors that place people at risk of becoming food insecure or malnourished, including those factors that affect their ability to cope with these risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1319, "Sentence":"Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.Food assistance for assets (FFA): FFA aims to address the immediate food needs of the most food-insecure people while improving their long-term food security and resilience.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR positive coping mechanism encouraged strengthened.food assistance asset ffa ffa aim address immediate food need foodinsecure people improving longterm food security resilience ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Cash-based transfers (CBTs): This term is used when, instead of providing a package of food, money is given to buy food. CBTs include cash as well as value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. CBTs may also include digital transfers such as payments made to mobile phones (\u201cmobile money transfers\u201d).Commodity vouchers: Vouchers may also be commodity-based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods.Coping mechanisms: The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food and (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long-term ability to survive, or harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.Food assistance for assets (FFA): FFA aims to address the immediate food needs of the most food-insecure people while improving their long-term food security and resilience. People receive cash, vouchers or in-kind food assistance while they build or boost assets, such as constructing a road or rehabilitating degraded land. These assets should in turn improve their livelihoods by creating healthier natural environments, reducing risks and the impact of shocks, increasing food productivity and strengthening resilience to natural disasters. FFA is sometimes referred to as food for work.Food assistance programmes (FAPs): These programmes aim to improve the food security and nutritional status of the targeted population and can be implemented through different transfer modalities, including in-kind food rations and CBTs.Food assistance for training (FFT): A programme in which food or cash is supplied on the condition that the recipient attends a training programme.Food security: A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. (Note: This definition includes the three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food, adequate access to food, and appropriate utilization of food.)Vulnerability: In terms of food supply, vulnerability refers to the presence of factors that place people at risk of becoming food insecure or malnourished, including those factors that affect their ability to cope with these risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1319, "Sentence":"People receive cash, vouchers or in-kind food assistance while they build or boost assets, such as constructing a road or rehabilitating degraded land.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR people receive cash voucher inkind food assistance build boost asset constructing road rehabilitating degraded land ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Cash-based transfers (CBTs): This term is used when, instead of providing a package of food, money is given to buy food. CBTs include cash as well as value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. CBTs may also include digital transfers such as payments made to mobile phones (\u201cmobile money transfers\u201d).Commodity vouchers: Vouchers may also be commodity-based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods.Coping mechanisms: The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food and (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long-term ability to survive, or harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.Food assistance for assets (FFA): FFA aims to address the immediate food needs of the most food-insecure people while improving their long-term food security and resilience. People receive cash, vouchers or in-kind food assistance while they build or boost assets, such as constructing a road or rehabilitating degraded land. These assets should in turn improve their livelihoods by creating healthier natural environments, reducing risks and the impact of shocks, increasing food productivity and strengthening resilience to natural disasters. FFA is sometimes referred to as food for work.Food assistance programmes (FAPs): These programmes aim to improve the food security and nutritional status of the targeted population and can be implemented through different transfer modalities, including in-kind food rations and CBTs.Food assistance for training (FFT): A programme in which food or cash is supplied on the condition that the recipient attends a training programme.Food security: A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. (Note: This definition includes the three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food, adequate access to food, and appropriate utilization of food.)Vulnerability: In terms of food supply, vulnerability refers to the presence of factors that place people at risk of becoming food insecure or malnourished, including those factors that affect their ability to cope with these risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1319, "Sentence":"These assets should in turn improve their livelihoods by creating healthier natural environments, reducing risks and the impact of shocks, increasing food productivity and strengthening resilience to natural disasters.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR asset turn improve livelihood creating healthier natural environment reducing risk impact shock increasing food productivity strengthening resilience natural disaster ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Cash-based transfers (CBTs): This term is used when, instead of providing a package of food, money is given to buy food. CBTs include cash as well as value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. CBTs may also include digital transfers such as payments made to mobile phones (\u201cmobile money transfers\u201d).Commodity vouchers: Vouchers may also be commodity-based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods.Coping mechanisms: The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food and (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long-term ability to survive, or harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.Food assistance for assets (FFA): FFA aims to address the immediate food needs of the most food-insecure people while improving their long-term food security and resilience. People receive cash, vouchers or in-kind food assistance while they build or boost assets, such as constructing a road or rehabilitating degraded land. These assets should in turn improve their livelihoods by creating healthier natural environments, reducing risks and the impact of shocks, increasing food productivity and strengthening resilience to natural disasters. FFA is sometimes referred to as food for work.Food assistance programmes (FAPs): These programmes aim to improve the food security and nutritional status of the targeted population and can be implemented through different transfer modalities, including in-kind food rations and CBTs.Food assistance for training (FFT): A programme in which food or cash is supplied on the condition that the recipient attends a training programme.Food security: A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. (Note: This definition includes the three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food, adequate access to food, and appropriate utilization of food.)Vulnerability: In terms of food supply, vulnerability refers to the presence of factors that place people at risk of becoming food insecure or malnourished, including those factors that affect their ability to cope with these risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1319, "Sentence":"FFA is sometimes referred to as food for work.Food assistance programmes (FAPs): These programmes aim to improve the food security and nutritional status of the targeted population and can be implemented through different transfer modalities, including in-kind food rations and CBTs.Food assistance for training (FFT): A programme in which food or cash is supplied on the condition that the recipient attends a training programme.Food security: A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR ffa sometimes referred food work.food assistance programme faps programme aim improve food security nutritional status targeted population implemented different transfer modality including inkind food ration cbts.food assistance training fft programme food cash supplied condition recipient attends training programme.food security situation people time physical social economic access sufficient safe nutritious food meet dietary need food preference active healthy life ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Cash-based transfers (CBTs): This term is used when, instead of providing a package of food, money is given to buy food. CBTs include cash as well as value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. CBTs may also include digital transfers such as payments made to mobile phones (\u201cmobile money transfers\u201d).Commodity vouchers: Vouchers may also be commodity-based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods.Coping mechanisms: The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food and (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long-term ability to survive, or harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.Food assistance for assets (FFA): FFA aims to address the immediate food needs of the most food-insecure people while improving their long-term food security and resilience. People receive cash, vouchers or in-kind food assistance while they build or boost assets, such as constructing a road or rehabilitating degraded land. These assets should in turn improve their livelihoods by creating healthier natural environments, reducing risks and the impact of shocks, increasing food productivity and strengthening resilience to natural disasters. FFA is sometimes referred to as food for work.Food assistance programmes (FAPs): These programmes aim to improve the food security and nutritional status of the targeted population and can be implemented through different transfer modalities, including in-kind food rations and CBTs.Food assistance for training (FFT): A programme in which food or cash is supplied on the condition that the recipient attends a training programme.Food security: A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. (Note: This definition includes the three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food, adequate access to food, and appropriate utilization of food.)Vulnerability: In terms of food supply, vulnerability refers to the presence of factors that place people at risk of becoming food insecure or malnourished, including those factors that affect their ability to cope with these risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1319, "Sentence":"(Note: This definition includes the three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food, adequate access to food, and appropriate utilization of food.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR note definition includes three key dimension food security sufficient availability food adequate access food appropriate utilization food ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Cash-based transfers (CBTs): This term is used when, instead of providing a package of food, money is given to buy food. CBTs include cash as well as value vouchers. Value vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount and can often be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. CBTs may also include digital transfers such as payments made to mobile phones (\u201cmobile money transfers\u201d).Commodity vouchers: Vouchers may also be commodity-based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods.Coping mechanisms: The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food and (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long-term ability to survive, or harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.Food assistance for assets (FFA): FFA aims to address the immediate food needs of the most food-insecure people while improving their long-term food security and resilience. People receive cash, vouchers or in-kind food assistance while they build or boost assets, such as constructing a road or rehabilitating degraded land. These assets should in turn improve their livelihoods by creating healthier natural environments, reducing risks and the impact of shocks, increasing food productivity and strengthening resilience to natural disasters. FFA is sometimes referred to as food for work.Food assistance programmes (FAPs): These programmes aim to improve the food security and nutritional status of the targeted population and can be implemented through different transfer modalities, including in-kind food rations and CBTs.Food assistance for training (FFT): A programme in which food or cash is supplied on the condition that the recipient attends a training programme.Food security: A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. (Note: This definition includes the three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food, adequate access to food, and appropriate utilization of food.)Vulnerability: In terms of food supply, vulnerability refers to the presence of factors that place people at risk of becoming food insecure or malnourished, including those factors that affect their ability to cope with these risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1319, "Sentence":")Vulnerability: In terms of food supply, vulnerability refers to the presence of factors that place people at risk of becoming food insecure or malnourished, including those factors that affect their ability to cope with these risks.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR vulnerability term food supply vulnerability refers presence factor place people risk becoming food insecure malnourished including factor affect ability cope risk ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN RC to provide food assistance in support of a DDR process.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported (see Table 1 below). For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either a part of a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). When food assistance is provided prior to demobilization, i.e., to active armed forces and groups, it shall be provided by Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, not humanitarian agencies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1320, "Sentence":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR acute food insecurity trigger root cause armed conflict ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN RC to provide food assistance in support of a DDR process.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported (see Table 1 below). For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either a part of a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). When food assistance is provided prior to demobilization, i.e., to active armed forces and groups, it shall be provided by Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, not humanitarian agencies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1320, "Sentence":"Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR furthermore armed conflict major driver food insecurity ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN RC to provide food assistance in support of a DDR process.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported (see Table 1 below). For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either a part of a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). When food assistance is provided prior to demobilization, i.e., to active armed forces and groups, it shall be provided by Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, not humanitarian agencies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1320, "Sentence":"In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR country region affected armed conflict humanitarian food assistance agency often already engaged programme assist vulnerable conflictaffected civilian community including displaced population ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN RC to provide food assistance in support of a DDR process.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported (see Table 1 below). For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either a part of a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). When food assistance is provided prior to demobilization, i.e., to active armed forces and groups, it shall be provided by Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, not humanitarian agencies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1320, "Sentence":"These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN RC to provide food assistance in support of a DDR process.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR agency may asked national government peace operation un rc provide food assistance support ddr process.as outlined iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ddr process include various combination ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN RC to provide food assistance in support of a DDR process.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported (see Table 1 below). For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either a part of a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). When food assistance is provided prior to demobilization, i.e., to active armed forces and groups, it shall be provided by Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, not humanitarian agencies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1320, "Sentence":"The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported (see Table 1 below).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR objective mean food assistance provided differ depending type ddr process supported see table 1 ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN RC to provide food assistance in support of a DDR process.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported (see Table 1 below). For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either a part of a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). When food assistance is provided prior to demobilization, i.e., to active armed forces and groups, it shall be provided by Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, not humanitarian agencies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1320, "Sentence":"For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR example ddr programme food assistance provided disarmament and\/or cantonment site part transitional safety net support reinsertion reintegration ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN RC to provide food assistance in support of a DDR process.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported (see Table 1 below). For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either a part of a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). When food assistance is provided prior to demobilization, i.e., to active armed forces and groups, it shall be provided by Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, not humanitarian agencies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1320, "Sentence":"Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either a part of a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance also provided part reintegration support either part ddr programme precondition ddr programme place see iddrs 4.20 demobilization ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN RC to provide food assistance in support of a DDR process.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported (see Table 1 below). For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either a part of a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). When food assistance is provided prior to demobilization, i.e., to active armed forces and groups, it shall be provided by Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, not humanitarian agencies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1320, "Sentence":"In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR addition food assistance part preddr cvr see iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Acute food insecurity can be a trigger or root cause of armed conflict. Furthermore, armed conflict itself is a major driver of food insecurity. In countries and regions affected by armed conflict, humanitarian food assistance agencies are often already engaged in programmes to assist vulnerable and conflict-affected civilian communities, including displaced populations. These same agencies may be asked by a national Government, a peace operation or UN RC to provide food assistance in support of a DDR process.As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, DDR processes can include various combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The objectives and means through which food assistance is provided will differ depending on the type of DDR process being supported (see Table 1 below). For example, during DDR programmes food assistance can be provided at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites and as part of a transitional safety net in support of reinsertion and reintegration. Food assistance can also be provided as part of reintegration support either a part of a DDR programme or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In addition, food assistance can be part of pre-DDR and CVR (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). When food assistance is provided prior to demobilization, i.e., to active armed forces and groups, it shall be provided by Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, not humanitarian agencies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1320, "Sentence":"When food assistance is provided prior to demobilization, i.e., to active armed forces and groups, it shall be provided by Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, not humanitarian agencies.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance provided prior demobilization i.e . active armed force group shall provided government peacekeeping actor cooperating partner humanitarian agency ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to the food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies during DDR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1321, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to the food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies during DDR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1321, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to the food assistance provided by humanitarian food assistance agencies during DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR section outline principle apply food assistance provided humanitarian food assistance agency ddr ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 Voluntary", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Participation in the food assistance component of a DDR process shall be voluntary.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1322, "Sentence":"Participation in the food assistance component of a DDR process shall be voluntary.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR participation food assistance component ddr process shall voluntary ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). In a DDR process, those who receive food assistance may be eligible not just because they are in a particular situation of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, but because they are members of, or associated with, a particular armed force or group. The objectives and eligibility criteria are different from those of a purely humanitarian food assistance intervention and align with those of the broader DDR process. This may in some circumstances contradict the needs-based approach of humanitarian food security organizations, and, as such, shall be carefully considered and weighed against overall peacebuilding and stabilization objectives.Some female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG) may self-demobilize in order to avoid the stigmatization that may result from being known as a female member of an armed force or group. These women may also be forcibly prevented from registering for DDR by male commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Therefore, community-based food assistance in areas where WAAFG have returned may be the only way to reach these women (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Careful consideration shall also be given to how to best meet the food assistance requirements and other humanitarian needs of the dependants (partners, children and relatives) of ex-combatants. Whenever possible, meeting the food assistance needs of this group shall be part of broader strategies that are developed to improve food security in receiving communities.Dependants are eligible for assistance from DDR processes if they fulfil certain vulnerability criteria and\/or if their main household income was that of an eligible combatant. The criteria for eligibility for food assistance and to assess vulnerability shall be agreed upon and coordinated among key national and agency stakeholders, with humanitarian agencies playing a key role in this process. The process shall also involve participatory consultations with women and men of different ages.Because dependants are civilians, they should not be involved in disarmament and demobilization. However, they should be screened and identified as dependants of an eligible combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In this context, food assistance for dependants may be implemented in one of two ways. The first would involve dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second would involve dependants being taken or being asked to go directly to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. During the planning process for the food assistance component of a DDR process, a clear, coordinated approach to inter-agency procedures for meeting the needs of dependants shall be outlined for all agency partners that will be involved.It is also essential when planning food assistance, that support provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries be balanced against the assistance provided to host community members or other returnees (such as internally displaced persons and refugees) as part of wider recovery programmes. When possible, and depending on the operational context, the needs of dependants may be best met by linking to concurrent food assistance programmes that are designed to assist the recovery of other conflict-affected populations. This approach shall be considered the preferred programming option.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1323, "Sentence":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance may provided five category people taken consideration integrated ddr process depending context see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr iddrs 3.21 participant beneficiary partner ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). In a DDR process, those who receive food assistance may be eligible not just because they are in a particular situation of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, but because they are members of, or associated with, a particular armed force or group. The objectives and eligibility criteria are different from those of a purely humanitarian food assistance intervention and align with those of the broader DDR process. This may in some circumstances contradict the needs-based approach of humanitarian food security organizations, and, as such, shall be carefully considered and weighed against overall peacebuilding and stabilization objectives.Some female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG) may self-demobilize in order to avoid the stigmatization that may result from being known as a female member of an armed force or group. These women may also be forcibly prevented from registering for DDR by male commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Therefore, community-based food assistance in areas where WAAFG have returned may be the only way to reach these women (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Careful consideration shall also be given to how to best meet the food assistance requirements and other humanitarian needs of the dependants (partners, children and relatives) of ex-combatants. Whenever possible, meeting the food assistance needs of this group shall be part of broader strategies that are developed to improve food security in receiving communities.Dependants are eligible for assistance from DDR processes if they fulfil certain vulnerability criteria and\/or if their main household income was that of an eligible combatant. The criteria for eligibility for food assistance and to assess vulnerability shall be agreed upon and coordinated among key national and agency stakeholders, with humanitarian agencies playing a key role in this process. The process shall also involve participatory consultations with women and men of different ages.Because dependants are civilians, they should not be involved in disarmament and demobilization. However, they should be screened and identified as dependants of an eligible combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In this context, food assistance for dependants may be implemented in one of two ways. The first would involve dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second would involve dependants being taken or being asked to go directly to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. During the planning process for the food assistance component of a DDR process, a clear, coordinated approach to inter-agency procedures for meeting the needs of dependants shall be outlined for all agency partners that will be involved.It is also essential when planning food assistance, that support provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries be balanced against the assistance provided to host community members or other returnees (such as internally displaced persons and refugees) as part of wider recovery programmes. When possible, and depending on the operational context, the needs of dependants may be best met by linking to concurrent food assistance programmes that are designed to assist the recovery of other conflict-affected populations. This approach shall be considered the preferred programming option.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1323, "Sentence":"In a DDR process, those who receive food assistance may be eligible not just because they are in a particular situation of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, but because they are members of, or associated with, a particular armed force or group.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR ddr process receive food assistance may eligible particular situation vulnerability food nutrition insecurity member associated particular armed force group ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). In a DDR process, those who receive food assistance may be eligible not just because they are in a particular situation of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, but because they are members of, or associated with, a particular armed force or group. The objectives and eligibility criteria are different from those of a purely humanitarian food assistance intervention and align with those of the broader DDR process. This may in some circumstances contradict the needs-based approach of humanitarian food security organizations, and, as such, shall be carefully considered and weighed against overall peacebuilding and stabilization objectives.Some female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG) may self-demobilize in order to avoid the stigmatization that may result from being known as a female member of an armed force or group. These women may also be forcibly prevented from registering for DDR by male commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Therefore, community-based food assistance in areas where WAAFG have returned may be the only way to reach these women (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Careful consideration shall also be given to how to best meet the food assistance requirements and other humanitarian needs of the dependants (partners, children and relatives) of ex-combatants. Whenever possible, meeting the food assistance needs of this group shall be part of broader strategies that are developed to improve food security in receiving communities.Dependants are eligible for assistance from DDR processes if they fulfil certain vulnerability criteria and\/or if their main household income was that of an eligible combatant. The criteria for eligibility for food assistance and to assess vulnerability shall be agreed upon and coordinated among key national and agency stakeholders, with humanitarian agencies playing a key role in this process. The process shall also involve participatory consultations with women and men of different ages.Because dependants are civilians, they should not be involved in disarmament and demobilization. However, they should be screened and identified as dependants of an eligible combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In this context, food assistance for dependants may be implemented in one of two ways. The first would involve dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second would involve dependants being taken or being asked to go directly to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. During the planning process for the food assistance component of a DDR process, a clear, coordinated approach to inter-agency procedures for meeting the needs of dependants shall be outlined for all agency partners that will be involved.It is also essential when planning food assistance, that support provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries be balanced against the assistance provided to host community members or other returnees (such as internally displaced persons and refugees) as part of wider recovery programmes. When possible, and depending on the operational context, the needs of dependants may be best met by linking to concurrent food assistance programmes that are designed to assist the recovery of other conflict-affected populations. This approach shall be considered the preferred programming option.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1323, "Sentence":"The objectives and eligibility criteria are different from those of a purely humanitarian food assistance intervention and align with those of the broader DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR objective eligibility criterion different purely humanitarian food assistance intervention align broader ddr process ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). In a DDR process, those who receive food assistance may be eligible not just because they are in a particular situation of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, but because they are members of, or associated with, a particular armed force or group. The objectives and eligibility criteria are different from those of a purely humanitarian food assistance intervention and align with those of the broader DDR process. This may in some circumstances contradict the needs-based approach of humanitarian food security organizations, and, as such, shall be carefully considered and weighed against overall peacebuilding and stabilization objectives.Some female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG) may self-demobilize in order to avoid the stigmatization that may result from being known as a female member of an armed force or group. These women may also be forcibly prevented from registering for DDR by male commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Therefore, community-based food assistance in areas where WAAFG have returned may be the only way to reach these women (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Careful consideration shall also be given to how to best meet the food assistance requirements and other humanitarian needs of the dependants (partners, children and relatives) of ex-combatants. Whenever possible, meeting the food assistance needs of this group shall be part of broader strategies that are developed to improve food security in receiving communities.Dependants are eligible for assistance from DDR processes if they fulfil certain vulnerability criteria and\/or if their main household income was that of an eligible combatant. The criteria for eligibility for food assistance and to assess vulnerability shall be agreed upon and coordinated among key national and agency stakeholders, with humanitarian agencies playing a key role in this process. The process shall also involve participatory consultations with women and men of different ages.Because dependants are civilians, they should not be involved in disarmament and demobilization. However, they should be screened and identified as dependants of an eligible combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In this context, food assistance for dependants may be implemented in one of two ways. The first would involve dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second would involve dependants being taken or being asked to go directly to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. During the planning process for the food assistance component of a DDR process, a clear, coordinated approach to inter-agency procedures for meeting the needs of dependants shall be outlined for all agency partners that will be involved.It is also essential when planning food assistance, that support provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries be balanced against the assistance provided to host community members or other returnees (such as internally displaced persons and refugees) as part of wider recovery programmes. When possible, and depending on the operational context, the needs of dependants may be best met by linking to concurrent food assistance programmes that are designed to assist the recovery of other conflict-affected populations. This approach shall be considered the preferred programming option.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1323, "Sentence":"This may in some circumstances contradict the needs-based approach of humanitarian food security organizations, and, as such, shall be carefully considered and weighed against overall peacebuilding and stabilization objectives.Some female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG) may self-demobilize in order to avoid the stigmatization that may result from being known as a female member of an armed force or group.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR may circumstance contradict needsbased approach humanitarian food security organization shall carefully considered weighed overall peacebuilding stabilization objectives.some female combatant woman associated armed force group waafg may selfdemobilize order avoid stigmatization may result known female member armed force group ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). In a DDR process, those who receive food assistance may be eligible not just because they are in a particular situation of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, but because they are members of, or associated with, a particular armed force or group. The objectives and eligibility criteria are different from those of a purely humanitarian food assistance intervention and align with those of the broader DDR process. This may in some circumstances contradict the needs-based approach of humanitarian food security organizations, and, as such, shall be carefully considered and weighed against overall peacebuilding and stabilization objectives.Some female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG) may self-demobilize in order to avoid the stigmatization that may result from being known as a female member of an armed force or group. These women may also be forcibly prevented from registering for DDR by male commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Therefore, community-based food assistance in areas where WAAFG have returned may be the only way to reach these women (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Careful consideration shall also be given to how to best meet the food assistance requirements and other humanitarian needs of the dependants (partners, children and relatives) of ex-combatants. Whenever possible, meeting the food assistance needs of this group shall be part of broader strategies that are developed to improve food security in receiving communities.Dependants are eligible for assistance from DDR processes if they fulfil certain vulnerability criteria and\/or if their main household income was that of an eligible combatant. The criteria for eligibility for food assistance and to assess vulnerability shall be agreed upon and coordinated among key national and agency stakeholders, with humanitarian agencies playing a key role in this process. The process shall also involve participatory consultations with women and men of different ages.Because dependants are civilians, they should not be involved in disarmament and demobilization. However, they should be screened and identified as dependants of an eligible combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In this context, food assistance for dependants may be implemented in one of two ways. The first would involve dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second would involve dependants being taken or being asked to go directly to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. During the planning process for the food assistance component of a DDR process, a clear, coordinated approach to inter-agency procedures for meeting the needs of dependants shall be outlined for all agency partners that will be involved.It is also essential when planning food assistance, that support provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries be balanced against the assistance provided to host community members or other returnees (such as internally displaced persons and refugees) as part of wider recovery programmes. When possible, and depending on the operational context, the needs of dependants may be best met by linking to concurrent food assistance programmes that are designed to assist the recovery of other conflict-affected populations. This approach shall be considered the preferred programming option.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1323, "Sentence":"These women may also be forcibly prevented from registering for DDR by male commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR woman may also forcibly prevented registering ddr male commander see iddrs 4.20 demobilization iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). In a DDR process, those who receive food assistance may be eligible not just because they are in a particular situation of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, but because they are members of, or associated with, a particular armed force or group. The objectives and eligibility criteria are different from those of a purely humanitarian food assistance intervention and align with those of the broader DDR process. This may in some circumstances contradict the needs-based approach of humanitarian food security organizations, and, as such, shall be carefully considered and weighed against overall peacebuilding and stabilization objectives.Some female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG) may self-demobilize in order to avoid the stigmatization that may result from being known as a female member of an armed force or group. These women may also be forcibly prevented from registering for DDR by male commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Therefore, community-based food assistance in areas where WAAFG have returned may be the only way to reach these women (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Careful consideration shall also be given to how to best meet the food assistance requirements and other humanitarian needs of the dependants (partners, children and relatives) of ex-combatants. Whenever possible, meeting the food assistance needs of this group shall be part of broader strategies that are developed to improve food security in receiving communities.Dependants are eligible for assistance from DDR processes if they fulfil certain vulnerability criteria and\/or if their main household income was that of an eligible combatant. The criteria for eligibility for food assistance and to assess vulnerability shall be agreed upon and coordinated among key national and agency stakeholders, with humanitarian agencies playing a key role in this process. The process shall also involve participatory consultations with women and men of different ages.Because dependants are civilians, they should not be involved in disarmament and demobilization. However, they should be screened and identified as dependants of an eligible combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In this context, food assistance for dependants may be implemented in one of two ways. The first would involve dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second would involve dependants being taken or being asked to go directly to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. During the planning process for the food assistance component of a DDR process, a clear, coordinated approach to inter-agency procedures for meeting the needs of dependants shall be outlined for all agency partners that will be involved.It is also essential when planning food assistance, that support provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries be balanced against the assistance provided to host community members or other returnees (such as internally displaced persons and refugees) as part of wider recovery programmes. When possible, and depending on the operational context, the needs of dependants may be best met by linking to concurrent food assistance programmes that are designed to assist the recovery of other conflict-affected populations. This approach shall be considered the preferred programming option.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1323, "Sentence":"Therefore, community-based food assistance in areas where WAAFG have returned may be the only way to reach these women (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Careful consideration shall also be given to how to best meet the food assistance requirements and other humanitarian needs of the dependants (partners, children and relatives) of ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR therefore communitybased food assistance area waafg returned may way reach woman see iddrs 4.30 reintegration.careful consideration shall also given best meet food assistance requirement humanitarian need dependant partner child relative excombatants ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). In a DDR process, those who receive food assistance may be eligible not just because they are in a particular situation of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, but because they are members of, or associated with, a particular armed force or group. The objectives and eligibility criteria are different from those of a purely humanitarian food assistance intervention and align with those of the broader DDR process. This may in some circumstances contradict the needs-based approach of humanitarian food security organizations, and, as such, shall be carefully considered and weighed against overall peacebuilding and stabilization objectives.Some female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG) may self-demobilize in order to avoid the stigmatization that may result from being known as a female member of an armed force or group. These women may also be forcibly prevented from registering for DDR by male commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Therefore, community-based food assistance in areas where WAAFG have returned may be the only way to reach these women (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Careful consideration shall also be given to how to best meet the food assistance requirements and other humanitarian needs of the dependants (partners, children and relatives) of ex-combatants. Whenever possible, meeting the food assistance needs of this group shall be part of broader strategies that are developed to improve food security in receiving communities.Dependants are eligible for assistance from DDR processes if they fulfil certain vulnerability criteria and\/or if their main household income was that of an eligible combatant. The criteria for eligibility for food assistance and to assess vulnerability shall be agreed upon and coordinated among key national and agency stakeholders, with humanitarian agencies playing a key role in this process. The process shall also involve participatory consultations with women and men of different ages.Because dependants are civilians, they should not be involved in disarmament and demobilization. However, they should be screened and identified as dependants of an eligible combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In this context, food assistance for dependants may be implemented in one of two ways. The first would involve dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second would involve dependants being taken or being asked to go directly to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. During the planning process for the food assistance component of a DDR process, a clear, coordinated approach to inter-agency procedures for meeting the needs of dependants shall be outlined for all agency partners that will be involved.It is also essential when planning food assistance, that support provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries be balanced against the assistance provided to host community members or other returnees (such as internally displaced persons and refugees) as part of wider recovery programmes. When possible, and depending on the operational context, the needs of dependants may be best met by linking to concurrent food assistance programmes that are designed to assist the recovery of other conflict-affected populations. This approach shall be considered the preferred programming option.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1323, "Sentence":"Whenever possible, meeting the food assistance needs of this group shall be part of broader strategies that are developed to improve food security in receiving communities.Dependants are eligible for assistance from DDR processes if they fulfil certain vulnerability criteria and\/or if their main household income was that of an eligible combatant.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR whenever possible meeting food assistance need group shall part broader strategy developed improve food security receiving communities.dependants eligible assistance ddr process fulfil certain vulnerability criterion and\/or main household income eligible combatant ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). In a DDR process, those who receive food assistance may be eligible not just because they are in a particular situation of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, but because they are members of, or associated with, a particular armed force or group. The objectives and eligibility criteria are different from those of a purely humanitarian food assistance intervention and align with those of the broader DDR process. This may in some circumstances contradict the needs-based approach of humanitarian food security organizations, and, as such, shall be carefully considered and weighed against overall peacebuilding and stabilization objectives.Some female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG) may self-demobilize in order to avoid the stigmatization that may result from being known as a female member of an armed force or group. These women may also be forcibly prevented from registering for DDR by male commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Therefore, community-based food assistance in areas where WAAFG have returned may be the only way to reach these women (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Careful consideration shall also be given to how to best meet the food assistance requirements and other humanitarian needs of the dependants (partners, children and relatives) of ex-combatants. Whenever possible, meeting the food assistance needs of this group shall be part of broader strategies that are developed to improve food security in receiving communities.Dependants are eligible for assistance from DDR processes if they fulfil certain vulnerability criteria and\/or if their main household income was that of an eligible combatant. The criteria for eligibility for food assistance and to assess vulnerability shall be agreed upon and coordinated among key national and agency stakeholders, with humanitarian agencies playing a key role in this process. The process shall also involve participatory consultations with women and men of different ages.Because dependants are civilians, they should not be involved in disarmament and demobilization. However, they should be screened and identified as dependants of an eligible combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In this context, food assistance for dependants may be implemented in one of two ways. The first would involve dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second would involve dependants being taken or being asked to go directly to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. During the planning process for the food assistance component of a DDR process, a clear, coordinated approach to inter-agency procedures for meeting the needs of dependants shall be outlined for all agency partners that will be involved.It is also essential when planning food assistance, that support provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries be balanced against the assistance provided to host community members or other returnees (such as internally displaced persons and refugees) as part of wider recovery programmes. When possible, and depending on the operational context, the needs of dependants may be best met by linking to concurrent food assistance programmes that are designed to assist the recovery of other conflict-affected populations. This approach shall be considered the preferred programming option.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1323, "Sentence":"The criteria for eligibility for food assistance and to assess vulnerability shall be agreed upon and coordinated among key national and agency stakeholders, with humanitarian agencies playing a key role in this process.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR criterion eligibility food assistance ass vulnerability shall agreed upon coordinated among key national agency stakeholder humanitarian agency playing key role process ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). In a DDR process, those who receive food assistance may be eligible not just because they are in a particular situation of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, but because they are members of, or associated with, a particular armed force or group. The objectives and eligibility criteria are different from those of a purely humanitarian food assistance intervention and align with those of the broader DDR process. This may in some circumstances contradict the needs-based approach of humanitarian food security organizations, and, as such, shall be carefully considered and weighed against overall peacebuilding and stabilization objectives.Some female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG) may self-demobilize in order to avoid the stigmatization that may result from being known as a female member of an armed force or group. These women may also be forcibly prevented from registering for DDR by male commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Therefore, community-based food assistance in areas where WAAFG have returned may be the only way to reach these women (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Careful consideration shall also be given to how to best meet the food assistance requirements and other humanitarian needs of the dependants (partners, children and relatives) of ex-combatants. Whenever possible, meeting the food assistance needs of this group shall be part of broader strategies that are developed to improve food security in receiving communities.Dependants are eligible for assistance from DDR processes if they fulfil certain vulnerability criteria and\/or if their main household income was that of an eligible combatant. The criteria for eligibility for food assistance and to assess vulnerability shall be agreed upon and coordinated among key national and agency stakeholders, with humanitarian agencies playing a key role in this process. The process shall also involve participatory consultations with women and men of different ages.Because dependants are civilians, they should not be involved in disarmament and demobilization. However, they should be screened and identified as dependants of an eligible combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In this context, food assistance for dependants may be implemented in one of two ways. The first would involve dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second would involve dependants being taken or being asked to go directly to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. During the planning process for the food assistance component of a DDR process, a clear, coordinated approach to inter-agency procedures for meeting the needs of dependants shall be outlined for all agency partners that will be involved.It is also essential when planning food assistance, that support provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries be balanced against the assistance provided to host community members or other returnees (such as internally displaced persons and refugees) as part of wider recovery programmes. When possible, and depending on the operational context, the needs of dependants may be best met by linking to concurrent food assistance programmes that are designed to assist the recovery of other conflict-affected populations. This approach shall be considered the preferred programming option.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1323, "Sentence":"The process shall also involve participatory consultations with women and men of different ages.Because dependants are civilians, they should not be involved in disarmament and demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR process shall also involve participatory consultation woman men different ages.because dependant civilian involved disarmament demobilization ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). In a DDR process, those who receive food assistance may be eligible not just because they are in a particular situation of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, but because they are members of, or associated with, a particular armed force or group. The objectives and eligibility criteria are different from those of a purely humanitarian food assistance intervention and align with those of the broader DDR process. This may in some circumstances contradict the needs-based approach of humanitarian food security organizations, and, as such, shall be carefully considered and weighed against overall peacebuilding and stabilization objectives.Some female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG) may self-demobilize in order to avoid the stigmatization that may result from being known as a female member of an armed force or group. These women may also be forcibly prevented from registering for DDR by male commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Therefore, community-based food assistance in areas where WAAFG have returned may be the only way to reach these women (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Careful consideration shall also be given to how to best meet the food assistance requirements and other humanitarian needs of the dependants (partners, children and relatives) of ex-combatants. Whenever possible, meeting the food assistance needs of this group shall be part of broader strategies that are developed to improve food security in receiving communities.Dependants are eligible for assistance from DDR processes if they fulfil certain vulnerability criteria and\/or if their main household income was that of an eligible combatant. The criteria for eligibility for food assistance and to assess vulnerability shall be agreed upon and coordinated among key national and agency stakeholders, with humanitarian agencies playing a key role in this process. The process shall also involve participatory consultations with women and men of different ages.Because dependants are civilians, they should not be involved in disarmament and demobilization. However, they should be screened and identified as dependants of an eligible combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In this context, food assistance for dependants may be implemented in one of two ways. The first would involve dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second would involve dependants being taken or being asked to go directly to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. During the planning process for the food assistance component of a DDR process, a clear, coordinated approach to inter-agency procedures for meeting the needs of dependants shall be outlined for all agency partners that will be involved.It is also essential when planning food assistance, that support provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries be balanced against the assistance provided to host community members or other returnees (such as internally displaced persons and refugees) as part of wider recovery programmes. When possible, and depending on the operational context, the needs of dependants may be best met by linking to concurrent food assistance programmes that are designed to assist the recovery of other conflict-affected populations. This approach shall be considered the preferred programming option.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1323, "Sentence":"However, they should be screened and identified as dependants of an eligible combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR however screened identified dependant eligible combatant see iddrs 4.20 demobilization ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). In a DDR process, those who receive food assistance may be eligible not just because they are in a particular situation of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, but because they are members of, or associated with, a particular armed force or group. The objectives and eligibility criteria are different from those of a purely humanitarian food assistance intervention and align with those of the broader DDR process. This may in some circumstances contradict the needs-based approach of humanitarian food security organizations, and, as such, shall be carefully considered and weighed against overall peacebuilding and stabilization objectives.Some female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG) may self-demobilize in order to avoid the stigmatization that may result from being known as a female member of an armed force or group. These women may also be forcibly prevented from registering for DDR by male commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Therefore, community-based food assistance in areas where WAAFG have returned may be the only way to reach these women (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Careful consideration shall also be given to how to best meet the food assistance requirements and other humanitarian needs of the dependants (partners, children and relatives) of ex-combatants. Whenever possible, meeting the food assistance needs of this group shall be part of broader strategies that are developed to improve food security in receiving communities.Dependants are eligible for assistance from DDR processes if they fulfil certain vulnerability criteria and\/or if their main household income was that of an eligible combatant. The criteria for eligibility for food assistance and to assess vulnerability shall be agreed upon and coordinated among key national and agency stakeholders, with humanitarian agencies playing a key role in this process. The process shall also involve participatory consultations with women and men of different ages.Because dependants are civilians, they should not be involved in disarmament and demobilization. However, they should be screened and identified as dependants of an eligible combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In this context, food assistance for dependants may be implemented in one of two ways. The first would involve dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second would involve dependants being taken or being asked to go directly to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. During the planning process for the food assistance component of a DDR process, a clear, coordinated approach to inter-agency procedures for meeting the needs of dependants shall be outlined for all agency partners that will be involved.It is also essential when planning food assistance, that support provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries be balanced against the assistance provided to host community members or other returnees (such as internally displaced persons and refugees) as part of wider recovery programmes. When possible, and depending on the operational context, the needs of dependants may be best met by linking to concurrent food assistance programmes that are designed to assist the recovery of other conflict-affected populations. This approach shall be considered the preferred programming option.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1323, "Sentence":"In this context, food assistance for dependants may be implemented in one of two ways.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR context food assistance dependant may implemented one two way ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). In a DDR process, those who receive food assistance may be eligible not just because they are in a particular situation of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, but because they are members of, or associated with, a particular armed force or group. The objectives and eligibility criteria are different from those of a purely humanitarian food assistance intervention and align with those of the broader DDR process. This may in some circumstances contradict the needs-based approach of humanitarian food security organizations, and, as such, shall be carefully considered and weighed against overall peacebuilding and stabilization objectives.Some female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG) may self-demobilize in order to avoid the stigmatization that may result from being known as a female member of an armed force or group. These women may also be forcibly prevented from registering for DDR by male commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Therefore, community-based food assistance in areas where WAAFG have returned may be the only way to reach these women (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Careful consideration shall also be given to how to best meet the food assistance requirements and other humanitarian needs of the dependants (partners, children and relatives) of ex-combatants. Whenever possible, meeting the food assistance needs of this group shall be part of broader strategies that are developed to improve food security in receiving communities.Dependants are eligible for assistance from DDR processes if they fulfil certain vulnerability criteria and\/or if their main household income was that of an eligible combatant. The criteria for eligibility for food assistance and to assess vulnerability shall be agreed upon and coordinated among key national and agency stakeholders, with humanitarian agencies playing a key role in this process. The process shall also involve participatory consultations with women and men of different ages.Because dependants are civilians, they should not be involved in disarmament and demobilization. However, they should be screened and identified as dependants of an eligible combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In this context, food assistance for dependants may be implemented in one of two ways. The first would involve dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second would involve dependants being taken or being asked to go directly to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. During the planning process for the food assistance component of a DDR process, a clear, coordinated approach to inter-agency procedures for meeting the needs of dependants shall be outlined for all agency partners that will be involved.It is also essential when planning food assistance, that support provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries be balanced against the assistance provided to host community members or other returnees (such as internally displaced persons and refugees) as part of wider recovery programmes. When possible, and depending on the operational context, the needs of dependants may be best met by linking to concurrent food assistance programmes that are designed to assist the recovery of other conflict-affected populations. This approach shall be considered the preferred programming option.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1323, "Sentence":"The first would involve dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR first would involve dependant cantoned separate nearby camp combatant disarmed demobilized ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). In a DDR process, those who receive food assistance may be eligible not just because they are in a particular situation of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, but because they are members of, or associated with, a particular armed force or group. The objectives and eligibility criteria are different from those of a purely humanitarian food assistance intervention and align with those of the broader DDR process. This may in some circumstances contradict the needs-based approach of humanitarian food security organizations, and, as such, shall be carefully considered and weighed against overall peacebuilding and stabilization objectives.Some female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG) may self-demobilize in order to avoid the stigmatization that may result from being known as a female member of an armed force or group. These women may also be forcibly prevented from registering for DDR by male commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Therefore, community-based food assistance in areas where WAAFG have returned may be the only way to reach these women (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Careful consideration shall also be given to how to best meet the food assistance requirements and other humanitarian needs of the dependants (partners, children and relatives) of ex-combatants. Whenever possible, meeting the food assistance needs of this group shall be part of broader strategies that are developed to improve food security in receiving communities.Dependants are eligible for assistance from DDR processes if they fulfil certain vulnerability criteria and\/or if their main household income was that of an eligible combatant. The criteria for eligibility for food assistance and to assess vulnerability shall be agreed upon and coordinated among key national and agency stakeholders, with humanitarian agencies playing a key role in this process. The process shall also involve participatory consultations with women and men of different ages.Because dependants are civilians, they should not be involved in disarmament and demobilization. However, they should be screened and identified as dependants of an eligible combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In this context, food assistance for dependants may be implemented in one of two ways. The first would involve dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second would involve dependants being taken or being asked to go directly to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. During the planning process for the food assistance component of a DDR process, a clear, coordinated approach to inter-agency procedures for meeting the needs of dependants shall be outlined for all agency partners that will be involved.It is also essential when planning food assistance, that support provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries be balanced against the assistance provided to host community members or other returnees (such as internally displaced persons and refugees) as part of wider recovery programmes. When possible, and depending on the operational context, the needs of dependants may be best met by linking to concurrent food assistance programmes that are designed to assist the recovery of other conflict-affected populations. This approach shall be considered the preferred programming option.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1323, "Sentence":"The second would involve dependants being taken or being asked to go directly to their communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR second would involve dependant taken asked go directly community ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). In a DDR process, those who receive food assistance may be eligible not just because they are in a particular situation of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, but because they are members of, or associated with, a particular armed force or group. The objectives and eligibility criteria are different from those of a purely humanitarian food assistance intervention and align with those of the broader DDR process. This may in some circumstances contradict the needs-based approach of humanitarian food security organizations, and, as such, shall be carefully considered and weighed against overall peacebuilding and stabilization objectives.Some female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG) may self-demobilize in order to avoid the stigmatization that may result from being known as a female member of an armed force or group. These women may also be forcibly prevented from registering for DDR by male commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Therefore, community-based food assistance in areas where WAAFG have returned may be the only way to reach these women (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Careful consideration shall also be given to how to best meet the food assistance requirements and other humanitarian needs of the dependants (partners, children and relatives) of ex-combatants. Whenever possible, meeting the food assistance needs of this group shall be part of broader strategies that are developed to improve food security in receiving communities.Dependants are eligible for assistance from DDR processes if they fulfil certain vulnerability criteria and\/or if their main household income was that of an eligible combatant. The criteria for eligibility for food assistance and to assess vulnerability shall be agreed upon and coordinated among key national and agency stakeholders, with humanitarian agencies playing a key role in this process. The process shall also involve participatory consultations with women and men of different ages.Because dependants are civilians, they should not be involved in disarmament and demobilization. However, they should be screened and identified as dependants of an eligible combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In this context, food assistance for dependants may be implemented in one of two ways. The first would involve dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second would involve dependants being taken or being asked to go directly to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. During the planning process for the food assistance component of a DDR process, a clear, coordinated approach to inter-agency procedures for meeting the needs of dependants shall be outlined for all agency partners that will be involved.It is also essential when planning food assistance, that support provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries be balanced against the assistance provided to host community members or other returnees (such as internally displaced persons and refugees) as part of wider recovery programmes. When possible, and depending on the operational context, the needs of dependants may be best met by linking to concurrent food assistance programmes that are designed to assist the recovery of other conflict-affected populations. This approach shall be considered the preferred programming option.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1323, "Sentence":"These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR two approach would require different method distributing food assistance ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). In a DDR process, those who receive food assistance may be eligible not just because they are in a particular situation of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, but because they are members of, or associated with, a particular armed force or group. The objectives and eligibility criteria are different from those of a purely humanitarian food assistance intervention and align with those of the broader DDR process. This may in some circumstances contradict the needs-based approach of humanitarian food security organizations, and, as such, shall be carefully considered and weighed against overall peacebuilding and stabilization objectives.Some female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG) may self-demobilize in order to avoid the stigmatization that may result from being known as a female member of an armed force or group. These women may also be forcibly prevented from registering for DDR by male commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Therefore, community-based food assistance in areas where WAAFG have returned may be the only way to reach these women (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Careful consideration shall also be given to how to best meet the food assistance requirements and other humanitarian needs of the dependants (partners, children and relatives) of ex-combatants. Whenever possible, meeting the food assistance needs of this group shall be part of broader strategies that are developed to improve food security in receiving communities.Dependants are eligible for assistance from DDR processes if they fulfil certain vulnerability criteria and\/or if their main household income was that of an eligible combatant. The criteria for eligibility for food assistance and to assess vulnerability shall be agreed upon and coordinated among key national and agency stakeholders, with humanitarian agencies playing a key role in this process. The process shall also involve participatory consultations with women and men of different ages.Because dependants are civilians, they should not be involved in disarmament and demobilization. However, they should be screened and identified as dependants of an eligible combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In this context, food assistance for dependants may be implemented in one of two ways. The first would involve dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second would involve dependants being taken or being asked to go directly to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. During the planning process for the food assistance component of a DDR process, a clear, coordinated approach to inter-agency procedures for meeting the needs of dependants shall be outlined for all agency partners that will be involved.It is also essential when planning food assistance, that support provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries be balanced against the assistance provided to host community members or other returnees (such as internally displaced persons and refugees) as part of wider recovery programmes. When possible, and depending on the operational context, the needs of dependants may be best met by linking to concurrent food assistance programmes that are designed to assist the recovery of other conflict-affected populations. This approach shall be considered the preferred programming option.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1323, "Sentence":"During the planning process for the food assistance component of a DDR process, a clear, coordinated approach to inter-agency procedures for meeting the needs of dependants shall be outlined for all agency partners that will be involved.It is also essential when planning food assistance, that support provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries be balanced against the assistance provided to host community members or other returnees (such as internally displaced persons and refugees) as part of wider recovery programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR planning process food assistance component ddr process clear coordinated approach interagency procedure meeting need dependant shall outlined agency partner involved.it also essential planning food assistance support provided ddr participant beneficiary balanced assistance provided host community member returnees internally displaced person refugee part wider recovery programme ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). In a DDR process, those who receive food assistance may be eligible not just because they are in a particular situation of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, but because they are members of, or associated with, a particular armed force or group. The objectives and eligibility criteria are different from those of a purely humanitarian food assistance intervention and align with those of the broader DDR process. This may in some circumstances contradict the needs-based approach of humanitarian food security organizations, and, as such, shall be carefully considered and weighed against overall peacebuilding and stabilization objectives.Some female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG) may self-demobilize in order to avoid the stigmatization that may result from being known as a female member of an armed force or group. These women may also be forcibly prevented from registering for DDR by male commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Therefore, community-based food assistance in areas where WAAFG have returned may be the only way to reach these women (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Careful consideration shall also be given to how to best meet the food assistance requirements and other humanitarian needs of the dependants (partners, children and relatives) of ex-combatants. Whenever possible, meeting the food assistance needs of this group shall be part of broader strategies that are developed to improve food security in receiving communities.Dependants are eligible for assistance from DDR processes if they fulfil certain vulnerability criteria and\/or if their main household income was that of an eligible combatant. The criteria for eligibility for food assistance and to assess vulnerability shall be agreed upon and coordinated among key national and agency stakeholders, with humanitarian agencies playing a key role in this process. The process shall also involve participatory consultations with women and men of different ages.Because dependants are civilians, they should not be involved in disarmament and demobilization. However, they should be screened and identified as dependants of an eligible combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In this context, food assistance for dependants may be implemented in one of two ways. The first would involve dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second would involve dependants being taken or being asked to go directly to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. During the planning process for the food assistance component of a DDR process, a clear, coordinated approach to inter-agency procedures for meeting the needs of dependants shall be outlined for all agency partners that will be involved.It is also essential when planning food assistance, that support provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries be balanced against the assistance provided to host community members or other returnees (such as internally displaced persons and refugees) as part of wider recovery programmes. When possible, and depending on the operational context, the needs of dependants may be best met by linking to concurrent food assistance programmes that are designed to assist the recovery of other conflict-affected populations. This approach shall be considered the preferred programming option.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1323, "Sentence":"When possible, and depending on the operational context, the needs of dependants may be best met by linking to concurrent food assistance programmes that are designed to assist the recovery of other conflict-affected populations.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR possible depending operational context need dependant may best met linking concurrent food assistance programme designed assist recovery conflictaffected population ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR and IDDRS 3.21 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). In a DDR process, those who receive food assistance may be eligible not just because they are in a particular situation of vulnerability to food and nutrition insecurity, but because they are members of, or associated with, a particular armed force or group. The objectives and eligibility criteria are different from those of a purely humanitarian food assistance intervention and align with those of the broader DDR process. This may in some circumstances contradict the needs-based approach of humanitarian food security organizations, and, as such, shall be carefully considered and weighed against overall peacebuilding and stabilization objectives.Some female combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG) may self-demobilize in order to avoid the stigmatization that may result from being known as a female member of an armed force or group. These women may also be forcibly prevented from registering for DDR by male commanders (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization and IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Therefore, community-based food assistance in areas where WAAFG have returned may be the only way to reach these women (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).Careful consideration shall also be given to how to best meet the food assistance requirements and other humanitarian needs of the dependants (partners, children and relatives) of ex-combatants. Whenever possible, meeting the food assistance needs of this group shall be part of broader strategies that are developed to improve food security in receiving communities.Dependants are eligible for assistance from DDR processes if they fulfil certain vulnerability criteria and\/or if their main household income was that of an eligible combatant. The criteria for eligibility for food assistance and to assess vulnerability shall be agreed upon and coordinated among key national and agency stakeholders, with humanitarian agencies playing a key role in this process. The process shall also involve participatory consultations with women and men of different ages.Because dependants are civilians, they should not be involved in disarmament and demobilization. However, they should be screened and identified as dependants of an eligible combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). In this context, food assistance for dependants may be implemented in one of two ways. The first would involve dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second would involve dependants being taken or being asked to go directly to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. During the planning process for the food assistance component of a DDR process, a clear, coordinated approach to inter-agency procedures for meeting the needs of dependants shall be outlined for all agency partners that will be involved.It is also essential when planning food assistance, that support provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries be balanced against the assistance provided to host community members or other returnees (such as internally displaced persons and refugees) as part of wider recovery programmes. When possible, and depending on the operational context, the needs of dependants may be best met by linking to concurrent food assistance programmes that are designed to assist the recovery of other conflict-affected populations. This approach shall be considered the preferred programming option.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1323, "Sentence":"This approach shall be considered the preferred programming option.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR approach shall considered preferred programming option ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Children associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) are particularly vulnerable to re-recruitment, and, because of this, food assistance can provide valuable support for programmes of education, training, rehabilitation, and family and community reunification. When dealing with CAAFAG, appropriate food assistance benefits should only be selected after careful analysis of the situation and context, and be guided by the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019. Although food assistance can in some cases offer these children incentives to reintegrate into their communities, food assistance can also motivate children to join or re-join armed forces and groups in order to access this support. Food assistance in the form of cash shall not be provided to children, as cash may easily be taken from children (for e.g., by military commanders). Instead, in-kind food assistance may be offered during child DDR processes. Any food assistance support shall be coordinated with specialized child protection actors. Protection analysis and referral systems to child protection agencies shall be included in the food assistance component of the DDR process (see section 7.1).The diverse and specific needs of CAAFAG, boys and girls, including in relation to nutrition, shall be taken into account in the design and implementation of the food assistance component of a child DDR process. DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of the relevant legal conventions and key issues and vulnerabilities that have to be dealt with when assisting CAAFAG and work closely with child protection specialists when developing the food assistance component of a child DDR process. In addition, appropriate reporting mechanisms shall be established in advance with specialized child protection agencies to deal with child protection and other issues that arise during child demobilization (\u2018release\u2019) (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1324, "Sentence":"Children associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) are particularly vulnerable to re-recruitment, and, because of this, food assistance can provide valuable support for programmes of education, training, rehabilitation, and family and community reunification.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR child associated armed force armed group caafag particularly vulnerable rerecruitment food assistance provide valuable support programme education training rehabilitation family community reunification ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Children associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) are particularly vulnerable to re-recruitment, and, because of this, food assistance can provide valuable support for programmes of education, training, rehabilitation, and family and community reunification. When dealing with CAAFAG, appropriate food assistance benefits should only be selected after careful analysis of the situation and context, and be guided by the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019. Although food assistance can in some cases offer these children incentives to reintegrate into their communities, food assistance can also motivate children to join or re-join armed forces and groups in order to access this support. Food assistance in the form of cash shall not be provided to children, as cash may easily be taken from children (for e.g., by military commanders). Instead, in-kind food assistance may be offered during child DDR processes. Any food assistance support shall be coordinated with specialized child protection actors. Protection analysis and referral systems to child protection agencies shall be included in the food assistance component of the DDR process (see section 7.1).The diverse and specific needs of CAAFAG, boys and girls, including in relation to nutrition, shall be taken into account in the design and implementation of the food assistance component of a child DDR process. DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of the relevant legal conventions and key issues and vulnerabilities that have to be dealt with when assisting CAAFAG and work closely with child protection specialists when developing the food assistance component of a child DDR process. In addition, appropriate reporting mechanisms shall be established in advance with specialized child protection agencies to deal with child protection and other issues that arise during child demobilization (\u2018release\u2019) (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1324, "Sentence":"When dealing with CAAFAG, appropriate food assistance benefits should only be selected after careful analysis of the situation and context, and be guided by the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR dealing caafag appropriate food assistance benefit selected careful analysis situation context guided principle \u2018 harm \u2019 ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Children associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) are particularly vulnerable to re-recruitment, and, because of this, food assistance can provide valuable support for programmes of education, training, rehabilitation, and family and community reunification. When dealing with CAAFAG, appropriate food assistance benefits should only be selected after careful analysis of the situation and context, and be guided by the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019. Although food assistance can in some cases offer these children incentives to reintegrate into their communities, food assistance can also motivate children to join or re-join armed forces and groups in order to access this support. Food assistance in the form of cash shall not be provided to children, as cash may easily be taken from children (for e.g., by military commanders). Instead, in-kind food assistance may be offered during child DDR processes. Any food assistance support shall be coordinated with specialized child protection actors. Protection analysis and referral systems to child protection agencies shall be included in the food assistance component of the DDR process (see section 7.1).The diverse and specific needs of CAAFAG, boys and girls, including in relation to nutrition, shall be taken into account in the design and implementation of the food assistance component of a child DDR process. DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of the relevant legal conventions and key issues and vulnerabilities that have to be dealt with when assisting CAAFAG and work closely with child protection specialists when developing the food assistance component of a child DDR process. In addition, appropriate reporting mechanisms shall be established in advance with specialized child protection agencies to deal with child protection and other issues that arise during child demobilization (\u2018release\u2019) (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1324, "Sentence":"Although food assistance can in some cases offer these children incentives to reintegrate into their communities, food assistance can also motivate children to join or re-join armed forces and groups in order to access this support.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR although food assistance case offer child incentive reintegrate community food assistance also motivate child join rejoin armed force group order access support ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Children associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) are particularly vulnerable to re-recruitment, and, because of this, food assistance can provide valuable support for programmes of education, training, rehabilitation, and family and community reunification. When dealing with CAAFAG, appropriate food assistance benefits should only be selected after careful analysis of the situation and context, and be guided by the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019. Although food assistance can in some cases offer these children incentives to reintegrate into their communities, food assistance can also motivate children to join or re-join armed forces and groups in order to access this support. Food assistance in the form of cash shall not be provided to children, as cash may easily be taken from children (for e.g., by military commanders). Instead, in-kind food assistance may be offered during child DDR processes. Any food assistance support shall be coordinated with specialized child protection actors. Protection analysis and referral systems to child protection agencies shall be included in the food assistance component of the DDR process (see section 7.1).The diverse and specific needs of CAAFAG, boys and girls, including in relation to nutrition, shall be taken into account in the design and implementation of the food assistance component of a child DDR process. DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of the relevant legal conventions and key issues and vulnerabilities that have to be dealt with when assisting CAAFAG and work closely with child protection specialists when developing the food assistance component of a child DDR process. In addition, appropriate reporting mechanisms shall be established in advance with specialized child protection agencies to deal with child protection and other issues that arise during child demobilization (\u2018release\u2019) (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1324, "Sentence":"Food assistance in the form of cash shall not be provided to children, as cash may easily be taken from children (for e.g., by military commanders).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance form cash shall provided child cash may easily taken child e.g . military commander ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Children associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) are particularly vulnerable to re-recruitment, and, because of this, food assistance can provide valuable support for programmes of education, training, rehabilitation, and family and community reunification. When dealing with CAAFAG, appropriate food assistance benefits should only be selected after careful analysis of the situation and context, and be guided by the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019. Although food assistance can in some cases offer these children incentives to reintegrate into their communities, food assistance can also motivate children to join or re-join armed forces and groups in order to access this support. Food assistance in the form of cash shall not be provided to children, as cash may easily be taken from children (for e.g., by military commanders). Instead, in-kind food assistance may be offered during child DDR processes. Any food assistance support shall be coordinated with specialized child protection actors. Protection analysis and referral systems to child protection agencies shall be included in the food assistance component of the DDR process (see section 7.1).The diverse and specific needs of CAAFAG, boys and girls, including in relation to nutrition, shall be taken into account in the design and implementation of the food assistance component of a child DDR process. DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of the relevant legal conventions and key issues and vulnerabilities that have to be dealt with when assisting CAAFAG and work closely with child protection specialists when developing the food assistance component of a child DDR process. In addition, appropriate reporting mechanisms shall be established in advance with specialized child protection agencies to deal with child protection and other issues that arise during child demobilization (\u2018release\u2019) (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1324, "Sentence":"Instead, in-kind food assistance may be offered during child DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR instead inkind food assistance may offered child ddr process ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Children associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) are particularly vulnerable to re-recruitment, and, because of this, food assistance can provide valuable support for programmes of education, training, rehabilitation, and family and community reunification. When dealing with CAAFAG, appropriate food assistance benefits should only be selected after careful analysis of the situation and context, and be guided by the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019. Although food assistance can in some cases offer these children incentives to reintegrate into their communities, food assistance can also motivate children to join or re-join armed forces and groups in order to access this support. Food assistance in the form of cash shall not be provided to children, as cash may easily be taken from children (for e.g., by military commanders). Instead, in-kind food assistance may be offered during child DDR processes. Any food assistance support shall be coordinated with specialized child protection actors. Protection analysis and referral systems to child protection agencies shall be included in the food assistance component of the DDR process (see section 7.1).The diverse and specific needs of CAAFAG, boys and girls, including in relation to nutrition, shall be taken into account in the design and implementation of the food assistance component of a child DDR process. DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of the relevant legal conventions and key issues and vulnerabilities that have to be dealt with when assisting CAAFAG and work closely with child protection specialists when developing the food assistance component of a child DDR process. In addition, appropriate reporting mechanisms shall be established in advance with specialized child protection agencies to deal with child protection and other issues that arise during child demobilization (\u2018release\u2019) (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1324, "Sentence":"Any food assistance support shall be coordinated with specialized child protection actors.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance support shall coordinated specialized child protection actor ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Children associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) are particularly vulnerable to re-recruitment, and, because of this, food assistance can provide valuable support for programmes of education, training, rehabilitation, and family and community reunification. When dealing with CAAFAG, appropriate food assistance benefits should only be selected after careful analysis of the situation and context, and be guided by the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019. Although food assistance can in some cases offer these children incentives to reintegrate into their communities, food assistance can also motivate children to join or re-join armed forces and groups in order to access this support. Food assistance in the form of cash shall not be provided to children, as cash may easily be taken from children (for e.g., by military commanders). Instead, in-kind food assistance may be offered during child DDR processes. Any food assistance support shall be coordinated with specialized child protection actors. Protection analysis and referral systems to child protection agencies shall be included in the food assistance component of the DDR process (see section 7.1).The diverse and specific needs of CAAFAG, boys and girls, including in relation to nutrition, shall be taken into account in the design and implementation of the food assistance component of a child DDR process. DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of the relevant legal conventions and key issues and vulnerabilities that have to be dealt with when assisting CAAFAG and work closely with child protection specialists when developing the food assistance component of a child DDR process. In addition, appropriate reporting mechanisms shall be established in advance with specialized child protection agencies to deal with child protection and other issues that arise during child demobilization (\u2018release\u2019) (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1324, "Sentence":"Protection analysis and referral systems to child protection agencies shall be included in the food assistance component of the DDR process (see section 7.1).The diverse and specific needs of CAAFAG, boys and girls, including in relation to nutrition, shall be taken into account in the design and implementation of the food assistance component of a child DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR protection analysis referral system child protection agency shall included food assistance component ddr process see section 7.1.the diverse specific need caafag boy girl including relation nutrition shall taken account design implementation food assistance component child ddr process ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Children associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) are particularly vulnerable to re-recruitment, and, because of this, food assistance can provide valuable support for programmes of education, training, rehabilitation, and family and community reunification. When dealing with CAAFAG, appropriate food assistance benefits should only be selected after careful analysis of the situation and context, and be guided by the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019. Although food assistance can in some cases offer these children incentives to reintegrate into their communities, food assistance can also motivate children to join or re-join armed forces and groups in order to access this support. Food assistance in the form of cash shall not be provided to children, as cash may easily be taken from children (for e.g., by military commanders). Instead, in-kind food assistance may be offered during child DDR processes. Any food assistance support shall be coordinated with specialized child protection actors. Protection analysis and referral systems to child protection agencies shall be included in the food assistance component of the DDR process (see section 7.1).The diverse and specific needs of CAAFAG, boys and girls, including in relation to nutrition, shall be taken into account in the design and implementation of the food assistance component of a child DDR process. DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of the relevant legal conventions and key issues and vulnerabilities that have to be dealt with when assisting CAAFAG and work closely with child protection specialists when developing the food assistance component of a child DDR process. In addition, appropriate reporting mechanisms shall be established in advance with specialized child protection agencies to deal with child protection and other issues that arise during child demobilization (\u2018release\u2019) (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1324, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of the relevant legal conventions and key issues and vulnerabilities that have to be dealt with when assisting CAAFAG and work closely with child protection specialists when developing the food assistance component of a child DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR ddr practitioner food assistance staff shall aware relevant legal convention key issue vulnerability dealt assisting caafag work closely child protection specialist developing food assistance component child ddr process ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Children associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) are particularly vulnerable to re-recruitment, and, because of this, food assistance can provide valuable support for programmes of education, training, rehabilitation, and family and community reunification. When dealing with CAAFAG, appropriate food assistance benefits should only be selected after careful analysis of the situation and context, and be guided by the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019. Although food assistance can in some cases offer these children incentives to reintegrate into their communities, food assistance can also motivate children to join or re-join armed forces and groups in order to access this support. Food assistance in the form of cash shall not be provided to children, as cash may easily be taken from children (for e.g., by military commanders). Instead, in-kind food assistance may be offered during child DDR processes. Any food assistance support shall be coordinated with specialized child protection actors. Protection analysis and referral systems to child protection agencies shall be included in the food assistance component of the DDR process (see section 7.1).The diverse and specific needs of CAAFAG, boys and girls, including in relation to nutrition, shall be taken into account in the design and implementation of the food assistance component of a child DDR process. DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of the relevant legal conventions and key issues and vulnerabilities that have to be dealt with when assisting CAAFAG and work closely with child protection specialists when developing the food assistance component of a child DDR process. In addition, appropriate reporting mechanisms shall be established in advance with specialized child protection agencies to deal with child protection and other issues that arise during child demobilization (\u2018release\u2019) (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1324, "Sentence":"In addition, appropriate reporting mechanisms shall be established in advance with specialized child protection agencies to deal with child protection and other issues that arise during child demobilization (\u2018release\u2019) (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR addition appropriate reporting mechanism shall established advance specialized child protection agency deal child protection issue arise child demobilization \u2018 release \u2019 see iddrs 5.20 child ddr iddrs 5.30 youth ddr ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Any food assistance component that is part of a DDR process shall be designed in accordance with humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Food assistance shall only be provided when an overall assessment concludes that it is a required form of assistance as part of the DDR process. Similarly, the transfer modality to be used for the food assistance shall be based on a careful contextual and feasibility analysis (see section 5.5). Furthermore, when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process in a mission context, the political requirements of the peacekeeping mission and the guiding principles of humanitarian assistance and development aid shall be kept completely separate.Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall be designed and implemented in a way that contributes to the safety, dignity and integrity of ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members. In any circumstance where these conditions are not met, humanitarian agencies shall carefully consider the appropriateness of providing food assistance.Humanitarian food assistance agencies shall only be involved in DDR processes when they have sufficient capacity. Support to a DDR process shall not undermine a humanitarian food assistance agency\u2019s capacity to deal with other urgent humanitarian problems\/crises, nor shall it affect the process of prioritizing food assistance to conflict-affected populations.In accordance with humanitarian principles, food assistance agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process. All reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups during the pre-disarmament and disarmament phases of a DDR process, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1325, "Sentence":"Any food assistance component that is part of a DDR process shall be designed in accordance with humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance component part ddr process shall designed accordance humanitarian principle best practice humanitarian food assistance ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Any food assistance component that is part of a DDR process shall be designed in accordance with humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Food assistance shall only be provided when an overall assessment concludes that it is a required form of assistance as part of the DDR process. Similarly, the transfer modality to be used for the food assistance shall be based on a careful contextual and feasibility analysis (see section 5.5). Furthermore, when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process in a mission context, the political requirements of the peacekeeping mission and the guiding principles of humanitarian assistance and development aid shall be kept completely separate.Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall be designed and implemented in a way that contributes to the safety, dignity and integrity of ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members. In any circumstance where these conditions are not met, humanitarian agencies shall carefully consider the appropriateness of providing food assistance.Humanitarian food assistance agencies shall only be involved in DDR processes when they have sufficient capacity. Support to a DDR process shall not undermine a humanitarian food assistance agency\u2019s capacity to deal with other urgent humanitarian problems\/crises, nor shall it affect the process of prioritizing food assistance to conflict-affected populations.In accordance with humanitarian principles, food assistance agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process. All reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups during the pre-disarmament and disarmament phases of a DDR process, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1325, "Sentence":"Food assistance shall only be provided when an overall assessment concludes that it is a required form of assistance as part of the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance shall provided overall assessment concludes required form assistance part ddr process ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Any food assistance component that is part of a DDR process shall be designed in accordance with humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Food assistance shall only be provided when an overall assessment concludes that it is a required form of assistance as part of the DDR process. Similarly, the transfer modality to be used for the food assistance shall be based on a careful contextual and feasibility analysis (see section 5.5). Furthermore, when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process in a mission context, the political requirements of the peacekeeping mission and the guiding principles of humanitarian assistance and development aid shall be kept completely separate.Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall be designed and implemented in a way that contributes to the safety, dignity and integrity of ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members. In any circumstance where these conditions are not met, humanitarian agencies shall carefully consider the appropriateness of providing food assistance.Humanitarian food assistance agencies shall only be involved in DDR processes when they have sufficient capacity. Support to a DDR process shall not undermine a humanitarian food assistance agency\u2019s capacity to deal with other urgent humanitarian problems\/crises, nor shall it affect the process of prioritizing food assistance to conflict-affected populations.In accordance with humanitarian principles, food assistance agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process. All reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups during the pre-disarmament and disarmament phases of a DDR process, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1325, "Sentence":"Similarly, the transfer modality to be used for the food assistance shall be based on a careful contextual and feasibility analysis (see section 5.5).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR similarly transfer modality used food assistance shall based careful contextual feasibility analysis see section 5.5 ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Any food assistance component that is part of a DDR process shall be designed in accordance with humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Food assistance shall only be provided when an overall assessment concludes that it is a required form of assistance as part of the DDR process. Similarly, the transfer modality to be used for the food assistance shall be based on a careful contextual and feasibility analysis (see section 5.5). Furthermore, when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process in a mission context, the political requirements of the peacekeeping mission and the guiding principles of humanitarian assistance and development aid shall be kept completely separate.Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall be designed and implemented in a way that contributes to the safety, dignity and integrity of ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members. In any circumstance where these conditions are not met, humanitarian agencies shall carefully consider the appropriateness of providing food assistance.Humanitarian food assistance agencies shall only be involved in DDR processes when they have sufficient capacity. Support to a DDR process shall not undermine a humanitarian food assistance agency\u2019s capacity to deal with other urgent humanitarian problems\/crises, nor shall it affect the process of prioritizing food assistance to conflict-affected populations.In accordance with humanitarian principles, food assistance agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process. All reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups during the pre-disarmament and disarmament phases of a DDR process, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1325, "Sentence":"Furthermore, when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process in a mission context, the political requirements of the peacekeeping mission and the guiding principles of humanitarian assistance and development aid shall be kept completely separate.Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall be designed and implemented in a way that contributes to the safety, dignity and integrity of ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR furthermore food assistance provided part ddr process mission context political requirement peacekeeping mission guiding principle humanitarian assistance development aid shall kept completely separate.food assistance part ddr process shall designed implemented way contributes safety dignity integrity excombatants dependant person formerly associated armed force group community member ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Any food assistance component that is part of a DDR process shall be designed in accordance with humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Food assistance shall only be provided when an overall assessment concludes that it is a required form of assistance as part of the DDR process. Similarly, the transfer modality to be used for the food assistance shall be based on a careful contextual and feasibility analysis (see section 5.5). Furthermore, when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process in a mission context, the political requirements of the peacekeeping mission and the guiding principles of humanitarian assistance and development aid shall be kept completely separate.Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall be designed and implemented in a way that contributes to the safety, dignity and integrity of ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members. In any circumstance where these conditions are not met, humanitarian agencies shall carefully consider the appropriateness of providing food assistance.Humanitarian food assistance agencies shall only be involved in DDR processes when they have sufficient capacity. Support to a DDR process shall not undermine a humanitarian food assistance agency\u2019s capacity to deal with other urgent humanitarian problems\/crises, nor shall it affect the process of prioritizing food assistance to conflict-affected populations.In accordance with humanitarian principles, food assistance agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process. All reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups during the pre-disarmament and disarmament phases of a DDR process, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1325, "Sentence":"In any circumstance where these conditions are not met, humanitarian agencies shall carefully consider the appropriateness of providing food assistance.Humanitarian food assistance agencies shall only be involved in DDR processes when they have sufficient capacity.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR circumstance condition met humanitarian agency shall carefully consider appropriateness providing food assistance.humanitarian food assistance agency shall involved ddr process sufficient capacity ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Any food assistance component that is part of a DDR process shall be designed in accordance with humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Food assistance shall only be provided when an overall assessment concludes that it is a required form of assistance as part of the DDR process. Similarly, the transfer modality to be used for the food assistance shall be based on a careful contextual and feasibility analysis (see section 5.5). Furthermore, when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process in a mission context, the political requirements of the peacekeeping mission and the guiding principles of humanitarian assistance and development aid shall be kept completely separate.Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall be designed and implemented in a way that contributes to the safety, dignity and integrity of ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members. In any circumstance where these conditions are not met, humanitarian agencies shall carefully consider the appropriateness of providing food assistance.Humanitarian food assistance agencies shall only be involved in DDR processes when they have sufficient capacity. Support to a DDR process shall not undermine a humanitarian food assistance agency\u2019s capacity to deal with other urgent humanitarian problems\/crises, nor shall it affect the process of prioritizing food assistance to conflict-affected populations.In accordance with humanitarian principles, food assistance agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process. All reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups during the pre-disarmament and disarmament phases of a DDR process, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1325, "Sentence":"Support to a DDR process shall not undermine a humanitarian food assistance agency\u2019s capacity to deal with other urgent humanitarian problems\/crises, nor shall it affect the process of prioritizing food assistance to conflict-affected populations.In accordance with humanitarian principles, food assistance agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR support ddr process shall undermine humanitarian food assistance agency \u2019 capacity deal urgent humanitarian problems\/crises shall affect process prioritizing food assistance conflictaffected populations.in accordance humanitarian principle food assistance agency shall provide food assistance armed personnel point ddr process ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Any food assistance component that is part of a DDR process shall be designed in accordance with humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Food assistance shall only be provided when an overall assessment concludes that it is a required form of assistance as part of the DDR process. Similarly, the transfer modality to be used for the food assistance shall be based on a careful contextual and feasibility analysis (see section 5.5). Furthermore, when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process in a mission context, the political requirements of the peacekeeping mission and the guiding principles of humanitarian assistance and development aid shall be kept completely separate.Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall be designed and implemented in a way that contributes to the safety, dignity and integrity of ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members. In any circumstance where these conditions are not met, humanitarian agencies shall carefully consider the appropriateness of providing food assistance.Humanitarian food assistance agencies shall only be involved in DDR processes when they have sufficient capacity. Support to a DDR process shall not undermine a humanitarian food assistance agency\u2019s capacity to deal with other urgent humanitarian problems\/crises, nor shall it affect the process of prioritizing food assistance to conflict-affected populations.In accordance with humanitarian principles, food assistance agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process. All reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups during the pre-disarmament and disarmament phases of a DDR process, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1325, "Sentence":"All reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR reasonable precaution measure shall taken ensure food assistance taken used combatant warring faction ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 People centred", "Heading3":"4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Any food assistance component that is part of a DDR process shall be designed in accordance with humanitarian principles and the best practices of humanitarian food assistance. Food assistance shall only be provided when an overall assessment concludes that it is a required form of assistance as part of the DDR process. Similarly, the transfer modality to be used for the food assistance shall be based on a careful contextual and feasibility analysis (see section 5.5). Furthermore, when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process in a mission context, the political requirements of the peacekeeping mission and the guiding principles of humanitarian assistance and development aid shall be kept completely separate.Food assistance as part of a DDR process shall be designed and implemented in a way that contributes to the safety, dignity and integrity of ex-combatants, their dependants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members. In any circumstance where these conditions are not met, humanitarian agencies shall carefully consider the appropriateness of providing food assistance.Humanitarian food assistance agencies shall only be involved in DDR processes when they have sufficient capacity. Support to a DDR process shall not undermine a humanitarian food assistance agency\u2019s capacity to deal with other urgent humanitarian problems\/crises, nor shall it affect the process of prioritizing food assistance to conflict-affected populations.In accordance with humanitarian principles, food assistance agencies shall not provide food assistance to armed personnel at any point in a DDR process. All reasonable precautions and measures shall be taken to ensure that food assistance is not taken or used by combatants or warring factions. When food is provided to armed forces and groups during the pre-disarmament and disarmament phases of a DDR process, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1325, "Sentence":"When food is provided to armed forces and groups during the pre-disarmament and disarmament phases of a DDR process, Governments or peacekeeping actors and their cooperating partners, and not humanitarian agencies, shall be responsible for all aspects of the process \u2013 from the acquisition of food to its distribution.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food provided armed force group predisarmament disarmament phase ddr process government peacekeeping actor cooperating partner humanitarian agency shall responsible aspect process \u2013 acquisition food distribution ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR context ddr process take place woman men girl boy different need interest capacity ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance support ddr shall designed implemented take account ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR particular ddr practitioner shall aware nutritional need woman adolescent girl girl boy ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR shall also ass advance monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit women\/girls men\/boys whether assistance exacerbates gender inequality promotes gender equality.the food assistance component ddr process shall ensure woman girl control assistance receive empowered make choice life ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR order achieve essential woman girl woman \u2019 group well child advocacy group closely meaningfully involved ddr planning implementation.the food assistance component ddr process shall also consider gender analysis power dynamic household resource distribution may necessary create specific benefit track woman ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance programme established support ddr process shall genderresponsive appropriate right specific need woman girl see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR gendertransformative approach food assistance shall applied promoting woman \u2019 role decisionmaking leadership distribution monitoring evaluation ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR specifically n gendertransformative lens shall integrated design delivery food assistance component leveraging opportunity support genderequitable engagement men woman boy girl including ensuring equal representation woman leadership role ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"\\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR n woman men recipient food assistance shall determine selection transfer modality delivery mechanism time date place quantity food separate queue etc .." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR transfer type delivery mechanism shall reinforce discriminatory restrictive gender role ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"\\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR n provision food assistance shall monitored gender genderequality consideration shall integrated tool procedure reporting onsite post distribution market monitoring ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"\\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR n change food security nutrition situation decisionmaking authority empowerment equitable participation access protection safety issue satisfaction assistance received shall monitored individual woman men girl boy household community group ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"\\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR n food assistance staff shall receive training protection sexual exploitation abuse psea including regular refresher training ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"\\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR n confidential complaint feedback mechanism related food assistance accessible woman men girl boy shall designed established managed ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR mechanism shall ensure woman safe space report protection issue incident sexual genderbased violence ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR accountability system designed established managed ensure appropriate follow ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"\\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR n possible violation woman \u2019 girl \u2019 right shall identified addressed responded supporting food assistance component ddr process ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR opportunity woman take active role designing implementing food assistance programme shall also promoted ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"\\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR n equal representation woman men peace mediation decisionmaking level stage humanitarian assistance shall ensured including food management committee distribution point ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In each context in which a DDR process takes place, women, men, girls and boys will have different needs, interests and capacities. Food assistance in support of DDR shall be designed and implemented to take this into account. In particular, DDR practitioners shall be aware of the nutritional needs of women, adolescent girls and girls and boys. They shall also assess in advance and monitor whether food assistance provides equal benefit to women\/girls and men\/boys, and whether the assistance exacerbates gender inequality or promotes gender equality.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall ensure that women and girls have control over the assistance they receive and that they are empowered to make their own choices about their lives. In order to achieve this, it is essential that women and girls and women\u2019s groups, as well as child advocacy groups, be closely and meaningfully involved in DDR planning and implementation.The food assistance component of a DDR process shall also consider gender analysis and power dynamics in household resource distribution, as it may be necessary to create specific benefit tracks for women. As with all food assistance programmes, those established in support of a DDR process shall be gender-responsive and appropriate to the rights and specific needs of women and girls (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). A gender-transformative approach to food assistance shall be applied, promoting women\u2019s roles in decision-making, leadership, distribution, and monitoring and evaluation. More specifically: \\n A gender-transformative lens shall be integrated into the design and delivery of food assistance components, leveraging opportunities to support gender-equitable engagement by men, women, boys and girls, including ensuring equal representation of women in leadership roles. \\n The women and men who are to be recipients of food assistance shall determine the selection of the transfer modality and delivery mechanism (time, date, place, quantity of food, separate queues, etc.). The transfer type and delivery mechanism shall not reinforce discriminatory and restrictive gender roles. \\n The provision of food assistance shall be monitored, and gender and gender-equality considerations shall be integrated into the tools, procedures and reporting of on-site, post- distribution and market monitoring. \\n Changes in food security, nutrition situation, decision-making authority and empowerment, equitable participation and access, protection and safety issues, and satisfaction with assistance received shall be monitored for individual women, men, girls and boys, households and community groups. \\n Food assistance staff shall receive training on protection from sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA), including regular refresher trainings. \\n Confidential complaints and feedback mechanisms related to food assistance that are accessible to women, men, girls and boys shall be designed, established and managed. These mechanisms shall ensure that women have a safe space to report protection issues and incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. An accountability system should be designed, established and managed to ensure appropriate follow up. \\n Possible violations of women\u2019s and girls\u2019 rights shall be identified, addressed and responded to when supporting the food assistance component of a DDR process. Opportunities for women to take a more active role in designing and implementing food assistance programmes shall also be promoted. \\n The equal representation of women and men in peace mediation and decision-making at all levels and stages of humanitarian assistance shall be ensured, including in food management committees and at distribution points. \\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1326, "Sentence":"\\n The participation of women\u2019s organizations in capacity-building for humanitarian response, rehabilitation and recovery shall be ensured.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR n participation woman \u2019 organization capacitybuilding humanitarian response rehabilitation recovery shall ensured ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall be designed through a conflict-sensitive lens with careful consideration given to how a possible food assistance component could potentially increase tensions and vulnerabilities. Food assistance provided as part of a DDR process shall not create, exacerbate or contribute to gender inequalities or discrimination, including the risk of gender-based violence. Furthermore, it shall not present possibilities for theft or manipulation of assistance, or compromise the legitimacy of organizations and actors providing humanitarian and development aid. The most adequate transfer modalities and delivery mechanisms for food assistance as part of a DDR process shall be identified. Food assistance staff and DDR practitioners shall be highly aware of the potential for their decisions to have unintended negative consequences and shall analyse possible inadvertent contributions to tension\/conflict. This analysis shall include: \\n a) Having a sound understanding of the social tensions that already exist; \\n b) Assessing how the DDR process and the food assistance component may interact with those tensions; \\n c) Adapting the DDR process and the food assistance component to avoid contributing to tension\/conflict, and to support sustainable peace where possible.DDR processes with a food assistance component shall also leverage opportunities to \u2018do more good\u2019 and contribute to social cohesion and peacebuilding as well as to gender equality and women\u2019s empowerment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1327, "Sentence":"DDR processes shall be designed through a conflict-sensitive lens with careful consideration given to how a possible food assistance component could potentially increase tensions and vulnerabilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR ddr process shall designed conflictsensitive lens careful consideration given possible food assistance component could potentially increase tension vulnerability ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall be designed through a conflict-sensitive lens with careful consideration given to how a possible food assistance component could potentially increase tensions and vulnerabilities. Food assistance provided as part of a DDR process shall not create, exacerbate or contribute to gender inequalities or discrimination, including the risk of gender-based violence. Furthermore, it shall not present possibilities for theft or manipulation of assistance, or compromise the legitimacy of organizations and actors providing humanitarian and development aid. The most adequate transfer modalities and delivery mechanisms for food assistance as part of a DDR process shall be identified. Food assistance staff and DDR practitioners shall be highly aware of the potential for their decisions to have unintended negative consequences and shall analyse possible inadvertent contributions to tension\/conflict. This analysis shall include: \\n a) Having a sound understanding of the social tensions that already exist; \\n b) Assessing how the DDR process and the food assistance component may interact with those tensions; \\n c) Adapting the DDR process and the food assistance component to avoid contributing to tension\/conflict, and to support sustainable peace where possible.DDR processes with a food assistance component shall also leverage opportunities to \u2018do more good\u2019 and contribute to social cohesion and peacebuilding as well as to gender equality and women\u2019s empowerment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1327, "Sentence":"Food assistance provided as part of a DDR process shall not create, exacerbate or contribute to gender inequalities or discrimination, including the risk of gender-based violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance provided part ddr process shall create exacerbate contribute gender inequality discrimination including risk genderbased violence ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall be designed through a conflict-sensitive lens with careful consideration given to how a possible food assistance component could potentially increase tensions and vulnerabilities. Food assistance provided as part of a DDR process shall not create, exacerbate or contribute to gender inequalities or discrimination, including the risk of gender-based violence. Furthermore, it shall not present possibilities for theft or manipulation of assistance, or compromise the legitimacy of organizations and actors providing humanitarian and development aid. The most adequate transfer modalities and delivery mechanisms for food assistance as part of a DDR process shall be identified. Food assistance staff and DDR practitioners shall be highly aware of the potential for their decisions to have unintended negative consequences and shall analyse possible inadvertent contributions to tension\/conflict. This analysis shall include: \\n a) Having a sound understanding of the social tensions that already exist; \\n b) Assessing how the DDR process and the food assistance component may interact with those tensions; \\n c) Adapting the DDR process and the food assistance component to avoid contributing to tension\/conflict, and to support sustainable peace where possible.DDR processes with a food assistance component shall also leverage opportunities to \u2018do more good\u2019 and contribute to social cohesion and peacebuilding as well as to gender equality and women\u2019s empowerment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1327, "Sentence":"Furthermore, it shall not present possibilities for theft or manipulation of assistance, or compromise the legitimacy of organizations and actors providing humanitarian and development aid.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR furthermore shall present possibility theft manipulation assistance compromise legitimacy organization actor providing humanitarian development aid ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall be designed through a conflict-sensitive lens with careful consideration given to how a possible food assistance component could potentially increase tensions and vulnerabilities. Food assistance provided as part of a DDR process shall not create, exacerbate or contribute to gender inequalities or discrimination, including the risk of gender-based violence. Furthermore, it shall not present possibilities for theft or manipulation of assistance, or compromise the legitimacy of organizations and actors providing humanitarian and development aid. The most adequate transfer modalities and delivery mechanisms for food assistance as part of a DDR process shall be identified. Food assistance staff and DDR practitioners shall be highly aware of the potential for their decisions to have unintended negative consequences and shall analyse possible inadvertent contributions to tension\/conflict. This analysis shall include: \\n a) Having a sound understanding of the social tensions that already exist; \\n b) Assessing how the DDR process and the food assistance component may interact with those tensions; \\n c) Adapting the DDR process and the food assistance component to avoid contributing to tension\/conflict, and to support sustainable peace where possible.DDR processes with a food assistance component shall also leverage opportunities to \u2018do more good\u2019 and contribute to social cohesion and peacebuilding as well as to gender equality and women\u2019s empowerment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1327, "Sentence":"The most adequate transfer modalities and delivery mechanisms for food assistance as part of a DDR process shall be identified.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR adequate transfer modality delivery mechanism food assistance part ddr process shall identified ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall be designed through a conflict-sensitive lens with careful consideration given to how a possible food assistance component could potentially increase tensions and vulnerabilities. Food assistance provided as part of a DDR process shall not create, exacerbate or contribute to gender inequalities or discrimination, including the risk of gender-based violence. Furthermore, it shall not present possibilities for theft or manipulation of assistance, or compromise the legitimacy of organizations and actors providing humanitarian and development aid. The most adequate transfer modalities and delivery mechanisms for food assistance as part of a DDR process shall be identified. Food assistance staff and DDR practitioners shall be highly aware of the potential for their decisions to have unintended negative consequences and shall analyse possible inadvertent contributions to tension\/conflict. This analysis shall include: \\n a) Having a sound understanding of the social tensions that already exist; \\n b) Assessing how the DDR process and the food assistance component may interact with those tensions; \\n c) Adapting the DDR process and the food assistance component to avoid contributing to tension\/conflict, and to support sustainable peace where possible.DDR processes with a food assistance component shall also leverage opportunities to \u2018do more good\u2019 and contribute to social cohesion and peacebuilding as well as to gender equality and women\u2019s empowerment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1327, "Sentence":"Food assistance staff and DDR practitioners shall be highly aware of the potential for their decisions to have unintended negative consequences and shall analyse possible inadvertent contributions to tension\/conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance staff ddr practitioner shall highly aware potential decision unintended negative consequence shall analyse possible inadvertent contribution tension\/conflict ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall be designed through a conflict-sensitive lens with careful consideration given to how a possible food assistance component could potentially increase tensions and vulnerabilities. Food assistance provided as part of a DDR process shall not create, exacerbate or contribute to gender inequalities or discrimination, including the risk of gender-based violence. Furthermore, it shall not present possibilities for theft or manipulation of assistance, or compromise the legitimacy of organizations and actors providing humanitarian and development aid. The most adequate transfer modalities and delivery mechanisms for food assistance as part of a DDR process shall be identified. Food assistance staff and DDR practitioners shall be highly aware of the potential for their decisions to have unintended negative consequences and shall analyse possible inadvertent contributions to tension\/conflict. This analysis shall include: \\n a) Having a sound understanding of the social tensions that already exist; \\n b) Assessing how the DDR process and the food assistance component may interact with those tensions; \\n c) Adapting the DDR process and the food assistance component to avoid contributing to tension\/conflict, and to support sustainable peace where possible.DDR processes with a food assistance component shall also leverage opportunities to \u2018do more good\u2019 and contribute to social cohesion and peacebuilding as well as to gender equality and women\u2019s empowerment.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1327, "Sentence":"This analysis shall include: \\n a) Having a sound understanding of the social tensions that already exist; \\n b) Assessing how the DDR process and the food assistance component may interact with those tensions; \\n c) Adapting the DDR process and the food assistance component to avoid contributing to tension\/conflict, and to support sustainable peace where possible.DDR processes with a food assistance component shall also leverage opportunities to \u2018do more good\u2019 and contribute to social cohesion and peacebuilding as well as to gender equality and women\u2019s empowerment.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR analysis shall include n sound understanding social tension already exist n b assessing ddr process food assistance component may interact tension n c adapting ddr process food assistance component avoid contributing tension\/conflict support sustainable peace possible.ddr process food assistance component shall also leverage opportunity \u2018 good \u2019 contribute social cohesion peacebuilding well gender equality woman \u2019 empowerment ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The food assistance component of a DDR process, and the modality through which food assistance is provided, will be highly context-specific. The appropriate local, country and\/or regional approach to assistance shall be adopted and be based on good-quality data and analysis of the social, political and economic context, taking into account gender and age inequalities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1328, "Sentence":"The food assistance component of a DDR process, and the modality through which food assistance is provided, will be highly context-specific.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance component ddr process modality food assistance provided highly contextspecific ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"The food assistance component of a DDR process, and the modality through which food assistance is provided, will be highly context-specific. The appropriate local, country and\/or regional approach to assistance shall be adopted and be based on good-quality data and analysis of the social, political and economic context, taking into account gender and age inequalities.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1328, "Sentence":"The appropriate local, country and\/or regional approach to assistance shall be adopted and be based on good-quality data and analysis of the social, political and economic context, taking into account gender and age inequalities.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR appropriate local country and\/or regional approach assistance shall adopted based goodquality data analysis social political economic context taking account gender age inequality ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"If the food assistance component of a DDR process is to be effective, sufficient human, financial and logistics resources are required. In a mission context, contributions from the UN peacekeeping assessed budget, supplemented by voluntary donations, must be available. Security provisions and the presence of adequate numbers of peacekeepers are also required. The lead food assistance agency shall support the UN mission administration in defining scenarios and predicting operational costs. In a non-mission context, voluntary donations are required.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1329, "Sentence":"If the food assistance component of a DDR process is to be effective, sufficient human, financial and logistics resources are required.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance component ddr process effective sufficient human financial logistics resource required ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"If the food assistance component of a DDR process is to be effective, sufficient human, financial and logistics resources are required. In a mission context, contributions from the UN peacekeeping assessed budget, supplemented by voluntary donations, must be available. Security provisions and the presence of adequate numbers of peacekeepers are also required. The lead food assistance agency shall support the UN mission administration in defining scenarios and predicting operational costs. In a non-mission context, voluntary donations are required.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1329, "Sentence":"In a mission context, contributions from the UN peacekeeping assessed budget, supplemented by voluntary donations, must be available.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR mission context contribution un peacekeeping assessed budget supplemented voluntary donation must available ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"If the food assistance component of a DDR process is to be effective, sufficient human, financial and logistics resources are required. In a mission context, contributions from the UN peacekeeping assessed budget, supplemented by voluntary donations, must be available. Security provisions and the presence of adequate numbers of peacekeepers are also required. The lead food assistance agency shall support the UN mission administration in defining scenarios and predicting operational costs. In a non-mission context, voluntary donations are required.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1329, "Sentence":"Security provisions and the presence of adequate numbers of peacekeepers are also required.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR security provision presence adequate number peacekeeper also required ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"If the food assistance component of a DDR process is to be effective, sufficient human, financial and logistics resources are required. In a mission context, contributions from the UN peacekeeping assessed budget, supplemented by voluntary donations, must be available. Security provisions and the presence of adequate numbers of peacekeepers are also required. The lead food assistance agency shall support the UN mission administration in defining scenarios and predicting operational costs. In a non-mission context, voluntary donations are required.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1329, "Sentence":"The lead food assistance agency shall support the UN mission administration in defining scenarios and predicting operational costs.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR lead food assistance agency shall support un mission administration defining scenario predicting operational cost ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"If the food assistance component of a DDR process is to be effective, sufficient human, financial and logistics resources are required. In a mission context, contributions from the UN peacekeeping assessed budget, supplemented by voluntary donations, must be available. Security provisions and the presence of adequate numbers of peacekeepers are also required. The lead food assistance agency shall support the UN mission administration in defining scenarios and predicting operational costs. In a non-mission context, voluntary donations are required.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1329, "Sentence":"In a non-mission context, voluntary donations are required.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR nonmission context voluntary donation required ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.2 Accountability and transparency", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Accountability to affected populations is essential to ensure that the design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of the food assistance component of a DDR process is informed by and reflects the views of affected people. As part of accountability to affected populations, information about food assistance shall be provided to affected populations in an accurate, timely and accessible way. The information provided shall be clearly understandable to all, irrespective of age, gender, ability, literacy level or other characteristics. In addition, the views of the affected population shall be sought throughout each stage of the food assistance component of a DDR process. This requires separate consultations with women, men, youth and elders to ensure that their views and concerns are heard and accounted for. In particular, separate consultations with men and women shall be required in order to provide opportunities for confidential feedback and to report protection or sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) issues related to food assistance (see Box 1).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1330, "Sentence":"Accountability to affected populations is essential to ensure that the design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of the food assistance component of a DDR process is informed by and reflects the views of affected people.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR accountability affected population essential ensure design implementation monitoring evaluation food assistance component ddr process informed reflects view affected people ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.2 Accountability and transparency", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Accountability to affected populations is essential to ensure that the design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of the food assistance component of a DDR process is informed by and reflects the views of affected people. As part of accountability to affected populations, information about food assistance shall be provided to affected populations in an accurate, timely and accessible way. The information provided shall be clearly understandable to all, irrespective of age, gender, ability, literacy level or other characteristics. In addition, the views of the affected population shall be sought throughout each stage of the food assistance component of a DDR process. This requires separate consultations with women, men, youth and elders to ensure that their views and concerns are heard and accounted for. In particular, separate consultations with men and women shall be required in order to provide opportunities for confidential feedback and to report protection or sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) issues related to food assistance (see Box 1).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1330, "Sentence":"As part of accountability to affected populations, information about food assistance shall be provided to affected populations in an accurate, timely and accessible way.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR part accountability affected population information food assistance shall provided affected population accurate timely accessible way ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.2 Accountability and transparency", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Accountability to affected populations is essential to ensure that the design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of the food assistance component of a DDR process is informed by and reflects the views of affected people. As part of accountability to affected populations, information about food assistance shall be provided to affected populations in an accurate, timely and accessible way. The information provided shall be clearly understandable to all, irrespective of age, gender, ability, literacy level or other characteristics. In addition, the views of the affected population shall be sought throughout each stage of the food assistance component of a DDR process. This requires separate consultations with women, men, youth and elders to ensure that their views and concerns are heard and accounted for. In particular, separate consultations with men and women shall be required in order to provide opportunities for confidential feedback and to report protection or sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) issues related to food assistance (see Box 1).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1330, "Sentence":"The information provided shall be clearly understandable to all, irrespective of age, gender, ability, literacy level or other characteristics.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR information provided shall clearly understandable irrespective age gender ability literacy level characteristic ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.2 Accountability and transparency", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Accountability to affected populations is essential to ensure that the design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of the food assistance component of a DDR process is informed by and reflects the views of affected people. As part of accountability to affected populations, information about food assistance shall be provided to affected populations in an accurate, timely and accessible way. The information provided shall be clearly understandable to all, irrespective of age, gender, ability, literacy level or other characteristics. In addition, the views of the affected population shall be sought throughout each stage of the food assistance component of a DDR process. This requires separate consultations with women, men, youth and elders to ensure that their views and concerns are heard and accounted for. In particular, separate consultations with men and women shall be required in order to provide opportunities for confidential feedback and to report protection or sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) issues related to food assistance (see Box 1).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1330, "Sentence":"In addition, the views of the affected population shall be sought throughout each stage of the food assistance component of a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR addition view affected population shall sought throughout stage food assistance component ddr process ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.2 Accountability and transparency", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Accountability to affected populations is essential to ensure that the design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of the food assistance component of a DDR process is informed by and reflects the views of affected people. As part of accountability to affected populations, information about food assistance shall be provided to affected populations in an accurate, timely and accessible way. The information provided shall be clearly understandable to all, irrespective of age, gender, ability, literacy level or other characteristics. In addition, the views of the affected population shall be sought throughout each stage of the food assistance component of a DDR process. This requires separate consultations with women, men, youth and elders to ensure that their views and concerns are heard and accounted for. In particular, separate consultations with men and women shall be required in order to provide opportunities for confidential feedback and to report protection or sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) issues related to food assistance (see Box 1).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1330, "Sentence":"This requires separate consultations with women, men, youth and elders to ensure that their views and concerns are heard and accounted for.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR requires separate consultation woman men youth elder ensure view concern heard accounted ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Flexible, accountable and transparent ", "Heading3":"4.6.2 Accountability and transparency", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Accountability to affected populations is essential to ensure that the design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of the food assistance component of a DDR process is informed by and reflects the views of affected people. As part of accountability to affected populations, information about food assistance shall be provided to affected populations in an accurate, timely and accessible way. The information provided shall be clearly understandable to all, irrespective of age, gender, ability, literacy level or other characteristics. In addition, the views of the affected population shall be sought throughout each stage of the food assistance component of a DDR process. This requires separate consultations with women, men, youth and elders to ensure that their views and concerns are heard and accounted for. In particular, separate consultations with men and women shall be required in order to provide opportunities for confidential feedback and to report protection or sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) issues related to food assistance (see Box 1).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1330, "Sentence":"In particular, separate consultations with men and women shall be required in order to provide opportunities for confidential feedback and to report protection or sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) issues related to food assistance (see Box 1).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR particular separate consultation men woman shall required order provide opportunity confidential feedback report protection sexual exploitation abuse sea issue related food assistance see box 1 ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The food assistance component of a DDR process shall be linked to the broader recovery strategy of the country concerned. This linkage shall be included in the earliest stages of inter-agency DDR planning and negotiations, so that eligibility criteria and the necessary processes for receiving assistance are clearly communicated to all concerned. It is also essential to work with humanitarian coordinating structures, including the UN Humanitarian Coordinator (UN HC).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1331, "Sentence":"The food assistance component of a DDR process shall be linked to the broader recovery strategy of the country concerned.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance component ddr process shall linked broader recovery strategy country concerned ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The food assistance component of a DDR process shall be linked to the broader recovery strategy of the country concerned. This linkage shall be included in the earliest stages of inter-agency DDR planning and negotiations, so that eligibility criteria and the necessary processes for receiving assistance are clearly communicated to all concerned. It is also essential to work with humanitarian coordinating structures, including the UN Humanitarian Coordinator (UN HC).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1331, "Sentence":"This linkage shall be included in the earliest stages of inter-agency DDR planning and negotiations, so that eligibility criteria and the necessary processes for receiving assistance are clearly communicated to all concerned.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR linkage shall included earliest stage interagency ddr planning negotiation eligibility criterion necessary process receiving assistance clearly communicated concerned ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"The food assistance component of a DDR process shall be linked to the broader recovery strategy of the country concerned. This linkage shall be included in the earliest stages of inter-agency DDR planning and negotiations, so that eligibility criteria and the necessary processes for receiving assistance are clearly communicated to all concerned. It is also essential to work with humanitarian coordinating structures, including the UN Humanitarian Coordinator (UN HC).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1331, "Sentence":"It is also essential to work with humanitarian coordinating structures, including the UN Humanitarian Coordinator (UN HC).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR also essential work humanitarian coordinating structure including un humanitarian coordinator un hc ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Food assistance to DDR processes shall be provided in close consultation with all relevant UN components (peacekeeping, humanitarian and development), as well as with the Government, affected populations, donors and cooperating partner organizations, including representatives of women\u2019s organizations and organizations working for gender equality.Food assistance shall not be provided as part of DDR processes if there is no clear, established institutional and operational framework. Effective mechanisms for sharing information, and where appropriate joint planning and preparation, shall be established between the leading food agency, its cooperating partners and other UN agencies, as well as peacekeeping actors and donors. This will further help uphold and respect humanitarian principles.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1332, "Sentence":"Food assistance to DDR processes shall be provided in close consultation with all relevant UN components (peacekeeping, humanitarian and development), as well as with the Government, affected populations, donors and cooperating partner organizations, including representatives of women\u2019s organizations and organizations working for gender equality.Food assistance shall not be provided as part of DDR processes if there is no clear, established institutional and operational framework.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance ddr process shall provided close consultation relevant un component peacekeeping humanitarian development well government affected population donor cooperating partner organization including representative woman \u2019 organization organization working gender equality.food assistance shall provided part ddr process clear established institutional operational framework ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Food assistance to DDR processes shall be provided in close consultation with all relevant UN components (peacekeeping, humanitarian and development), as well as with the Government, affected populations, donors and cooperating partner organizations, including representatives of women\u2019s organizations and organizations working for gender equality.Food assistance shall not be provided as part of DDR processes if there is no clear, established institutional and operational framework. Effective mechanisms for sharing information, and where appropriate joint planning and preparation, shall be established between the leading food agency, its cooperating partners and other UN agencies, as well as peacekeeping actors and donors. This will further help uphold and respect humanitarian principles.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1332, "Sentence":"Effective mechanisms for sharing information, and where appropriate joint planning and preparation, shall be established between the leading food agency, its cooperating partners and other UN agencies, as well as peacekeeping actors and donors.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR effective mechanism sharing information appropriate joint planning preparation shall established leading food agency cooperating partner un agency well peacekeeping actor donor ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Food assistance to DDR processes shall be provided in close consultation with all relevant UN components (peacekeeping, humanitarian and development), as well as with the Government, affected populations, donors and cooperating partner organizations, including representatives of women\u2019s organizations and organizations working for gender equality.Food assistance shall not be provided as part of DDR processes if there is no clear, established institutional and operational framework. Effective mechanisms for sharing information, and where appropriate joint planning and preparation, shall be established between the leading food agency, its cooperating partners and other UN agencies, as well as peacekeeping actors and donors. This will further help uphold and respect humanitarian principles.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1332, "Sentence":"This will further help uphold and respect humanitarian principles.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR help uphold respect humanitarian principle ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.9.1 Assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The lead food assistance agency shall participate in all negotiation and planning processes that may have a direct or indirect effect on the design and implementation of the food assistance component of a DDR process. All cooperating and implementing partners in the food assistance component shall be consulted during the planning process in order to establish the appropriate and necessary measures for exchanging information and coordinating activities. Assessments shall involve and inform local communities and, where possible, consultation on the design of a food assistance component shall include these communities and a feedback mechanism to support continual refinement.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1333, "Sentence":"The lead food assistance agency shall participate in all negotiation and planning processes that may have a direct or indirect effect on the design and implementation of the food assistance component of a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR lead food assistance agency shall participate negotiation planning process may direct indirect effect design implementation food assistance component ddr process ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.9.1 Assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The lead food assistance agency shall participate in all negotiation and planning processes that may have a direct or indirect effect on the design and implementation of the food assistance component of a DDR process. All cooperating and implementing partners in the food assistance component shall be consulted during the planning process in order to establish the appropriate and necessary measures for exchanging information and coordinating activities. Assessments shall involve and inform local communities and, where possible, consultation on the design of a food assistance component shall include these communities and a feedback mechanism to support continual refinement.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1333, "Sentence":"All cooperating and implementing partners in the food assistance component shall be consulted during the planning process in order to establish the appropriate and necessary measures for exchanging information and coordinating activities.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR cooperating implementing partner food assistance component shall consulted planning process order establish appropriate necessary measure exchanging information coordinating activity ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.9.1 Assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The lead food assistance agency shall participate in all negotiation and planning processes that may have a direct or indirect effect on the design and implementation of the food assistance component of a DDR process. All cooperating and implementing partners in the food assistance component shall be consulted during the planning process in order to establish the appropriate and necessary measures for exchanging information and coordinating activities. Assessments shall involve and inform local communities and, where possible, consultation on the design of a food assistance component shall include these communities and a feedback mechanism to support continual refinement.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1333, "Sentence":"Assessments shall involve and inform local communities and, where possible, consultation on the design of a food assistance component shall include these communities and a feedback mechanism to support continual refinement.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR assessment shall involve inform local community possible consultation design food assistance component shall include community feedback mechanism support continual refinement ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.9.2 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Community members may sometimes believe that more attractive food assistance (such as rice) is being provided to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups than the support being provided to broader communities (for example, bulgur). This can cause resentment in these communities and potentially fuel conflict. There is also the danger that humanitarian food assistance agencies will no longer be seen as neutral. For these reasons, every effort shall be made to manage public information and community perceptions when sensitizing communities where ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will return (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1334, "Sentence":"Community members may sometimes believe that more attractive food assistance (such as rice) is being provided to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups than the support being provided to broader communities (for example, bulgur).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR community member may sometimes believe attractive food assistance rice provided excombatants person formerly associated armed force group support provided broader community example bulgur ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.9.2 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Community members may sometimes believe that more attractive food assistance (such as rice) is being provided to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups than the support being provided to broader communities (for example, bulgur). This can cause resentment in these communities and potentially fuel conflict. There is also the danger that humanitarian food assistance agencies will no longer be seen as neutral. For these reasons, every effort shall be made to manage public information and community perceptions when sensitizing communities where ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will return (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1334, "Sentence":"This can cause resentment in these communities and potentially fuel conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR cause resentment community potentially fuel conflict ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.9.2 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Community members may sometimes believe that more attractive food assistance (such as rice) is being provided to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups than the support being provided to broader communities (for example, bulgur). This can cause resentment in these communities and potentially fuel conflict. There is also the danger that humanitarian food assistance agencies will no longer be seen as neutral. For these reasons, every effort shall be made to manage public information and community perceptions when sensitizing communities where ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will return (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1334, "Sentence":"There is also the danger that humanitarian food assistance agencies will no longer be seen as neutral.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR also danger humanitarian food assistance agency longer seen neutral ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.9.2 Public information and community sensitization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"Community members may sometimes believe that more attractive food assistance (such as rice) is being provided to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups than the support being provided to broader communities (for example, bulgur). This can cause resentment in these communities and potentially fuel conflict. There is also the danger that humanitarian food assistance agencies will no longer be seen as neutral. For these reasons, every effort shall be made to manage public information and community perceptions when sensitizing communities where ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will return (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1334, "Sentence":"For these reasons, every effort shall be made to manage public information and community perceptions when sensitizing communities where ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will return (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR reason every effort shall made manage public information community perception sensitizing community ex combatant person formerly associated armed force group return see iddrs 4.60 public information strategic communication support ddr ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.9.3 Transition and exit strategies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The food assistance component of a DDR process may initially focus on ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. In order to encourage self-reliance and minimize resentment from others in the community who do not have access to similar support, over time, and where appropriate, this focus shall be phased out. Any continuing efforts to address the vulnerabilities of reintegrating former combatants, their dependants, and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall take place through other programmes of assistance dealing with the needs of the broader conflict-affected population, recognizing that the effectiveness of these programmes is often related to available resources. The aim shall always be to encourage the re-establishment of self- reliance from the earliest possible moment, therefore minimizing the possible negative effects of distributing food assistance over a long period of time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1335, "Sentence":"The food assistance component of a DDR process may initially focus on ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance component ddr process may initially focus excombatants person formerly associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.9.3 Transition and exit strategies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The food assistance component of a DDR process may initially focus on ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. In order to encourage self-reliance and minimize resentment from others in the community who do not have access to similar support, over time, and where appropriate, this focus shall be phased out. Any continuing efforts to address the vulnerabilities of reintegrating former combatants, their dependants, and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall take place through other programmes of assistance dealing with the needs of the broader conflict-affected population, recognizing that the effectiveness of these programmes is often related to available resources. The aim shall always be to encourage the re-establishment of self- reliance from the earliest possible moment, therefore minimizing the possible negative effects of distributing food assistance over a long period of time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1335, "Sentence":"In order to encourage self-reliance and minimize resentment from others in the community who do not have access to similar support, over time, and where appropriate, this focus shall be phased out.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR order encourage selfreliance minimize resentment others community access similar support time appropriate focus shall phased ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.9.3 Transition and exit strategies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The food assistance component of a DDR process may initially focus on ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. In order to encourage self-reliance and minimize resentment from others in the community who do not have access to similar support, over time, and where appropriate, this focus shall be phased out. Any continuing efforts to address the vulnerabilities of reintegrating former combatants, their dependants, and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall take place through other programmes of assistance dealing with the needs of the broader conflict-affected population, recognizing that the effectiveness of these programmes is often related to available resources. The aim shall always be to encourage the re-establishment of self- reliance from the earliest possible moment, therefore minimizing the possible negative effects of distributing food assistance over a long period of time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1335, "Sentence":"Any continuing efforts to address the vulnerabilities of reintegrating former combatants, their dependants, and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall take place through other programmes of assistance dealing with the needs of the broader conflict-affected population, recognizing that the effectiveness of these programmes is often related to available resources.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR continuing effort address vulnerability reintegrating former combatant dependant person formerly associated armed force group shall take place programme assistance dealing need broader conflictaffected population recognizing effectiveness programme often related available resource ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.9 Well planned", "Heading3":"4.9.3 Transition and exit strategies", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The food assistance component of a DDR process may initially focus on ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. In order to encourage self-reliance and minimize resentment from others in the community who do not have access to similar support, over time, and where appropriate, this focus shall be phased out. Any continuing efforts to address the vulnerabilities of reintegrating former combatants, their dependants, and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall take place through other programmes of assistance dealing with the needs of the broader conflict-affected population, recognizing that the effectiveness of these programmes is often related to available resources. The aim shall always be to encourage the re-establishment of self- reliance from the earliest possible moment, therefore minimizing the possible negative effects of distributing food assistance over a long period of time.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1335, "Sentence":"The aim shall always be to encourage the re-establishment of self- reliance from the earliest possible moment, therefore minimizing the possible negative effects of distributing food assistance over a long period of time.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR aim shall always encourage reestablishment self reliance earliest possible moment therefore minimizing possible negative effect distributing food assistance long period time ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Planning for food assistance as part of a DDR process often begins when food assistance agencies receive a request from a national Government, a peace operation or a UN RC. This request signals the need for the lead food agency to begin inter-agency coordination, in order to ensure that the operational requirements of a food assistance component are fully incorporated into an integrated DDR process framework.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1336, "Sentence":"Planning for food assistance as part of a DDR process often begins when food assistance agencies receive a request from a national Government, a peace operation or a UN RC.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR planning food assistance part ddr process often begin food assistance agency receive request national government peace operation un rc ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Planning for food assistance as part of a DDR process often begins when food assistance agencies receive a request from a national Government, a peace operation or a UN RC. This request signals the need for the lead food agency to begin inter-agency coordination, in order to ensure that the operational requirements of a food assistance component are fully incorporated into an integrated DDR process framework.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1336, "Sentence":"This request signals the need for the lead food agency to begin inter-agency coordination, in order to ensure that the operational requirements of a food assistance component are fully incorporated into an integrated DDR process framework.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR request signal need lead food agency begin interagency coordination order ensure operational requirement food assistance component fully incorporated integrated ddr process framework ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided as part of a DDR process only when the overall analysis shows that it is a needed, appropriate form of assistance as part of a broader package of DDR support.When developing the initial plans for a short-term food assistance component, the lead food agency shall gather information about the numbers and categories of recipients, the modality to be used to provide assistance, logistics and distribution\/disbursement plans. Depending on the timeline of the response, security concerns, and difficulties in terms of access, food assistance agencies may have to rely on secondary data provided by Governments and\/or the UN mission and the UN peacekeeping DDR component. Nevertheless, sex and age disaggregated data should be sought to ensure that the food assistance component responds to the specific needs of the targeted population.Longer-term food assistance interventions, such as those supporting reintegration, should ideally be based on more accurate food security and vulnerability data and analysis. This is to ensure that the food assistance component is designed according to a comprehensive understanding of food security and nutrition issues in a particular context. The analysis should include a detailed protection, gender and age analysis of the context and populations where the operation will take place. Generally, data collected through assessments carried out by humanitarian agencies to inform other food assistance programmes for the conflict-affected population should be used as the basis for planning reintegration support. In all planning for food assistance, vulnerability and feasibility assessments should be carried out, if possible, at the regional, community and\/or household levels to gather data on areas that are particularly vulnerable, as well as communities, households and specific groups (such as single parents with small children, older people) or individuals (women versus men) experiencing food insecurity. To the extent possible, the analysis should also consider individual food security and nutrition needs, as well as the use of food and livelihood coping strategies within households, taking into account intra-household inequalities in access to and the utilization of food.The tools available for assessment and analysis include: \\n Crop and food security assessment mission; \\n Emergency food security assessments; \\n Mobile vulnerability analysis and mapping remote surveys; \\n Essential needs assessments; \\n Integrated food security phase classification exercises including acute malnutrition; \\n Food security monitoring systems; \\n Transfer modality selection guidance; \\n Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transition (SMART) nutrition surveys or joint food security and nutrition assessments; \\n Other types of rapid assessments to identify vulnerable communities and to better understand local food management practices. Rapid assessments use a variety of quick and inexpensive survey techniques. They tend to be qualitative rather than quantitative, and they depend more on the ability and judgement of the person carrying out the survey than do other research methods that are more rigorous, but also slower and costlier.These assessment methods provide the basis for identifying the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the needs of communities, households and individuals in specific locations, and provide detailed information on food availability, food markets, economic and physical access to food, food consumption and utilization, food and livelihood-based coping strategies, exposure to shocks, and other root causes of food insecurity, including insecurity or gender inequalities. When possible, such assessments should be carried out through a participatory, gender-sensitive approach to ensure that the needs, interests and capacities of all community members (women, men, old, young) are identified.Community-based organizations such as women\u2019s organizations and village relief committees, including local leaders, can help to identify the people or households most in need of assistance and the local root causes of food insecurity. Engaging local organizations in surveys and assessments as key informants can contribute to the engagement of all members of the community in ensuring that food assistance is effective and that it benefits all those in need equally and does not create protection risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1337, "Sentence":"Food assistance may be provided as part of a DDR process only when the overall analysis shows that it is a needed, appropriate form of assistance as part of a broader package of DDR support.When developing the initial plans for a short-term food assistance component, the lead food agency shall gather information about the numbers and categories of recipients, the modality to be used to provide assistance, logistics and distribution\/disbursement plans.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance may provided part ddr process overall analysis show needed appropriate form assistance part broader package ddr support.when developing initial plan shortterm food assistance component lead food agency shall gather information number category recipient modality used provide assistance logistics distribution\/disbursement plan ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided as part of a DDR process only when the overall analysis shows that it is a needed, appropriate form of assistance as part of a broader package of DDR support.When developing the initial plans for a short-term food assistance component, the lead food agency shall gather information about the numbers and categories of recipients, the modality to be used to provide assistance, logistics and distribution\/disbursement plans. Depending on the timeline of the response, security concerns, and difficulties in terms of access, food assistance agencies may have to rely on secondary data provided by Governments and\/or the UN mission and the UN peacekeeping DDR component. Nevertheless, sex and age disaggregated data should be sought to ensure that the food assistance component responds to the specific needs of the targeted population.Longer-term food assistance interventions, such as those supporting reintegration, should ideally be based on more accurate food security and vulnerability data and analysis. This is to ensure that the food assistance component is designed according to a comprehensive understanding of food security and nutrition issues in a particular context. The analysis should include a detailed protection, gender and age analysis of the context and populations where the operation will take place. Generally, data collected through assessments carried out by humanitarian agencies to inform other food assistance programmes for the conflict-affected population should be used as the basis for planning reintegration support. In all planning for food assistance, vulnerability and feasibility assessments should be carried out, if possible, at the regional, community and\/or household levels to gather data on areas that are particularly vulnerable, as well as communities, households and specific groups (such as single parents with small children, older people) or individuals (women versus men) experiencing food insecurity. To the extent possible, the analysis should also consider individual food security and nutrition needs, as well as the use of food and livelihood coping strategies within households, taking into account intra-household inequalities in access to and the utilization of food.The tools available for assessment and analysis include: \\n Crop and food security assessment mission; \\n Emergency food security assessments; \\n Mobile vulnerability analysis and mapping remote surveys; \\n Essential needs assessments; \\n Integrated food security phase classification exercises including acute malnutrition; \\n Food security monitoring systems; \\n Transfer modality selection guidance; \\n Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transition (SMART) nutrition surveys or joint food security and nutrition assessments; \\n Other types of rapid assessments to identify vulnerable communities and to better understand local food management practices. Rapid assessments use a variety of quick and inexpensive survey techniques. They tend to be qualitative rather than quantitative, and they depend more on the ability and judgement of the person carrying out the survey than do other research methods that are more rigorous, but also slower and costlier.These assessment methods provide the basis for identifying the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the needs of communities, households and individuals in specific locations, and provide detailed information on food availability, food markets, economic and physical access to food, food consumption and utilization, food and livelihood-based coping strategies, exposure to shocks, and other root causes of food insecurity, including insecurity or gender inequalities. When possible, such assessments should be carried out through a participatory, gender-sensitive approach to ensure that the needs, interests and capacities of all community members (women, men, old, young) are identified.Community-based organizations such as women\u2019s organizations and village relief committees, including local leaders, can help to identify the people or households most in need of assistance and the local root causes of food insecurity. Engaging local organizations in surveys and assessments as key informants can contribute to the engagement of all members of the community in ensuring that food assistance is effective and that it benefits all those in need equally and does not create protection risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1337, "Sentence":"Depending on the timeline of the response, security concerns, and difficulties in terms of access, food assistance agencies may have to rely on secondary data provided by Governments and\/or the UN mission and the UN peacekeeping DDR component.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR depending timeline response security concern difficulty term access food assistance agency may rely secondary data provided government and\/or un mission un peacekeeping ddr component ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided as part of a DDR process only when the overall analysis shows that it is a needed, appropriate form of assistance as part of a broader package of DDR support.When developing the initial plans for a short-term food assistance component, the lead food agency shall gather information about the numbers and categories of recipients, the modality to be used to provide assistance, logistics and distribution\/disbursement plans. Depending on the timeline of the response, security concerns, and difficulties in terms of access, food assistance agencies may have to rely on secondary data provided by Governments and\/or the UN mission and the UN peacekeeping DDR component. Nevertheless, sex and age disaggregated data should be sought to ensure that the food assistance component responds to the specific needs of the targeted population.Longer-term food assistance interventions, such as those supporting reintegration, should ideally be based on more accurate food security and vulnerability data and analysis. This is to ensure that the food assistance component is designed according to a comprehensive understanding of food security and nutrition issues in a particular context. The analysis should include a detailed protection, gender and age analysis of the context and populations where the operation will take place. Generally, data collected through assessments carried out by humanitarian agencies to inform other food assistance programmes for the conflict-affected population should be used as the basis for planning reintegration support. In all planning for food assistance, vulnerability and feasibility assessments should be carried out, if possible, at the regional, community and\/or household levels to gather data on areas that are particularly vulnerable, as well as communities, households and specific groups (such as single parents with small children, older people) or individuals (women versus men) experiencing food insecurity. To the extent possible, the analysis should also consider individual food security and nutrition needs, as well as the use of food and livelihood coping strategies within households, taking into account intra-household inequalities in access to and the utilization of food.The tools available for assessment and analysis include: \\n Crop and food security assessment mission; \\n Emergency food security assessments; \\n Mobile vulnerability analysis and mapping remote surveys; \\n Essential needs assessments; \\n Integrated food security phase classification exercises including acute malnutrition; \\n Food security monitoring systems; \\n Transfer modality selection guidance; \\n Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transition (SMART) nutrition surveys or joint food security and nutrition assessments; \\n Other types of rapid assessments to identify vulnerable communities and to better understand local food management practices. Rapid assessments use a variety of quick and inexpensive survey techniques. They tend to be qualitative rather than quantitative, and they depend more on the ability and judgement of the person carrying out the survey than do other research methods that are more rigorous, but also slower and costlier.These assessment methods provide the basis for identifying the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the needs of communities, households and individuals in specific locations, and provide detailed information on food availability, food markets, economic and physical access to food, food consumption and utilization, food and livelihood-based coping strategies, exposure to shocks, and other root causes of food insecurity, including insecurity or gender inequalities. When possible, such assessments should be carried out through a participatory, gender-sensitive approach to ensure that the needs, interests and capacities of all community members (women, men, old, young) are identified.Community-based organizations such as women\u2019s organizations and village relief committees, including local leaders, can help to identify the people or households most in need of assistance and the local root causes of food insecurity. Engaging local organizations in surveys and assessments as key informants can contribute to the engagement of all members of the community in ensuring that food assistance is effective and that it benefits all those in need equally and does not create protection risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1337, "Sentence":"Nevertheless, sex and age disaggregated data should be sought to ensure that the food assistance component responds to the specific needs of the targeted population.Longer-term food assistance interventions, such as those supporting reintegration, should ideally be based on more accurate food security and vulnerability data and analysis.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR nevertheless sex age disaggregated data sought ensure food assistance component responds specific need targeted population.longerterm food assistance intervention supporting reintegration ideally based accurate food security vulnerability data analysis ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided as part of a DDR process only when the overall analysis shows that it is a needed, appropriate form of assistance as part of a broader package of DDR support.When developing the initial plans for a short-term food assistance component, the lead food agency shall gather information about the numbers and categories of recipients, the modality to be used to provide assistance, logistics and distribution\/disbursement plans. Depending on the timeline of the response, security concerns, and difficulties in terms of access, food assistance agencies may have to rely on secondary data provided by Governments and\/or the UN mission and the UN peacekeeping DDR component. Nevertheless, sex and age disaggregated data should be sought to ensure that the food assistance component responds to the specific needs of the targeted population.Longer-term food assistance interventions, such as those supporting reintegration, should ideally be based on more accurate food security and vulnerability data and analysis. This is to ensure that the food assistance component is designed according to a comprehensive understanding of food security and nutrition issues in a particular context. The analysis should include a detailed protection, gender and age analysis of the context and populations where the operation will take place. Generally, data collected through assessments carried out by humanitarian agencies to inform other food assistance programmes for the conflict-affected population should be used as the basis for planning reintegration support. In all planning for food assistance, vulnerability and feasibility assessments should be carried out, if possible, at the regional, community and\/or household levels to gather data on areas that are particularly vulnerable, as well as communities, households and specific groups (such as single parents with small children, older people) or individuals (women versus men) experiencing food insecurity. To the extent possible, the analysis should also consider individual food security and nutrition needs, as well as the use of food and livelihood coping strategies within households, taking into account intra-household inequalities in access to and the utilization of food.The tools available for assessment and analysis include: \\n Crop and food security assessment mission; \\n Emergency food security assessments; \\n Mobile vulnerability analysis and mapping remote surveys; \\n Essential needs assessments; \\n Integrated food security phase classification exercises including acute malnutrition; \\n Food security monitoring systems; \\n Transfer modality selection guidance; \\n Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transition (SMART) nutrition surveys or joint food security and nutrition assessments; \\n Other types of rapid assessments to identify vulnerable communities and to better understand local food management practices. Rapid assessments use a variety of quick and inexpensive survey techniques. They tend to be qualitative rather than quantitative, and they depend more on the ability and judgement of the person carrying out the survey than do other research methods that are more rigorous, but also slower and costlier.These assessment methods provide the basis for identifying the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the needs of communities, households and individuals in specific locations, and provide detailed information on food availability, food markets, economic and physical access to food, food consumption and utilization, food and livelihood-based coping strategies, exposure to shocks, and other root causes of food insecurity, including insecurity or gender inequalities. When possible, such assessments should be carried out through a participatory, gender-sensitive approach to ensure that the needs, interests and capacities of all community members (women, men, old, young) are identified.Community-based organizations such as women\u2019s organizations and village relief committees, including local leaders, can help to identify the people or households most in need of assistance and the local root causes of food insecurity. Engaging local organizations in surveys and assessments as key informants can contribute to the engagement of all members of the community in ensuring that food assistance is effective and that it benefits all those in need equally and does not create protection risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1337, "Sentence":"This is to ensure that the food assistance component is designed according to a comprehensive understanding of food security and nutrition issues in a particular context.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR ensure food assistance component designed according comprehensive understanding food security nutrition issue particular context ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided as part of a DDR process only when the overall analysis shows that it is a needed, appropriate form of assistance as part of a broader package of DDR support.When developing the initial plans for a short-term food assistance component, the lead food agency shall gather information about the numbers and categories of recipients, the modality to be used to provide assistance, logistics and distribution\/disbursement plans. Depending on the timeline of the response, security concerns, and difficulties in terms of access, food assistance agencies may have to rely on secondary data provided by Governments and\/or the UN mission and the UN peacekeeping DDR component. Nevertheless, sex and age disaggregated data should be sought to ensure that the food assistance component responds to the specific needs of the targeted population.Longer-term food assistance interventions, such as those supporting reintegration, should ideally be based on more accurate food security and vulnerability data and analysis. This is to ensure that the food assistance component is designed according to a comprehensive understanding of food security and nutrition issues in a particular context. The analysis should include a detailed protection, gender and age analysis of the context and populations where the operation will take place. Generally, data collected through assessments carried out by humanitarian agencies to inform other food assistance programmes for the conflict-affected population should be used as the basis for planning reintegration support. In all planning for food assistance, vulnerability and feasibility assessments should be carried out, if possible, at the regional, community and\/or household levels to gather data on areas that are particularly vulnerable, as well as communities, households and specific groups (such as single parents with small children, older people) or individuals (women versus men) experiencing food insecurity. To the extent possible, the analysis should also consider individual food security and nutrition needs, as well as the use of food and livelihood coping strategies within households, taking into account intra-household inequalities in access to and the utilization of food.The tools available for assessment and analysis include: \\n Crop and food security assessment mission; \\n Emergency food security assessments; \\n Mobile vulnerability analysis and mapping remote surveys; \\n Essential needs assessments; \\n Integrated food security phase classification exercises including acute malnutrition; \\n Food security monitoring systems; \\n Transfer modality selection guidance; \\n Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transition (SMART) nutrition surveys or joint food security and nutrition assessments; \\n Other types of rapid assessments to identify vulnerable communities and to better understand local food management practices. Rapid assessments use a variety of quick and inexpensive survey techniques. They tend to be qualitative rather than quantitative, and they depend more on the ability and judgement of the person carrying out the survey than do other research methods that are more rigorous, but also slower and costlier.These assessment methods provide the basis for identifying the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the needs of communities, households and individuals in specific locations, and provide detailed information on food availability, food markets, economic and physical access to food, food consumption and utilization, food and livelihood-based coping strategies, exposure to shocks, and other root causes of food insecurity, including insecurity or gender inequalities. When possible, such assessments should be carried out through a participatory, gender-sensitive approach to ensure that the needs, interests and capacities of all community members (women, men, old, young) are identified.Community-based organizations such as women\u2019s organizations and village relief committees, including local leaders, can help to identify the people or households most in need of assistance and the local root causes of food insecurity. Engaging local organizations in surveys and assessments as key informants can contribute to the engagement of all members of the community in ensuring that food assistance is effective and that it benefits all those in need equally and does not create protection risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1337, "Sentence":"The analysis should include a detailed protection, gender and age analysis of the context and populations where the operation will take place.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR analysis include detailed protection gender age analysis context population operation take place ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided as part of a DDR process only when the overall analysis shows that it is a needed, appropriate form of assistance as part of a broader package of DDR support.When developing the initial plans for a short-term food assistance component, the lead food agency shall gather information about the numbers and categories of recipients, the modality to be used to provide assistance, logistics and distribution\/disbursement plans. Depending on the timeline of the response, security concerns, and difficulties in terms of access, food assistance agencies may have to rely on secondary data provided by Governments and\/or the UN mission and the UN peacekeeping DDR component. Nevertheless, sex and age disaggregated data should be sought to ensure that the food assistance component responds to the specific needs of the targeted population.Longer-term food assistance interventions, such as those supporting reintegration, should ideally be based on more accurate food security and vulnerability data and analysis. This is to ensure that the food assistance component is designed according to a comprehensive understanding of food security and nutrition issues in a particular context. The analysis should include a detailed protection, gender and age analysis of the context and populations where the operation will take place. Generally, data collected through assessments carried out by humanitarian agencies to inform other food assistance programmes for the conflict-affected population should be used as the basis for planning reintegration support. In all planning for food assistance, vulnerability and feasibility assessments should be carried out, if possible, at the regional, community and\/or household levels to gather data on areas that are particularly vulnerable, as well as communities, households and specific groups (such as single parents with small children, older people) or individuals (women versus men) experiencing food insecurity. To the extent possible, the analysis should also consider individual food security and nutrition needs, as well as the use of food and livelihood coping strategies within households, taking into account intra-household inequalities in access to and the utilization of food.The tools available for assessment and analysis include: \\n Crop and food security assessment mission; \\n Emergency food security assessments; \\n Mobile vulnerability analysis and mapping remote surveys; \\n Essential needs assessments; \\n Integrated food security phase classification exercises including acute malnutrition; \\n Food security monitoring systems; \\n Transfer modality selection guidance; \\n Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transition (SMART) nutrition surveys or joint food security and nutrition assessments; \\n Other types of rapid assessments to identify vulnerable communities and to better understand local food management practices. Rapid assessments use a variety of quick and inexpensive survey techniques. They tend to be qualitative rather than quantitative, and they depend more on the ability and judgement of the person carrying out the survey than do other research methods that are more rigorous, but also slower and costlier.These assessment methods provide the basis for identifying the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the needs of communities, households and individuals in specific locations, and provide detailed information on food availability, food markets, economic and physical access to food, food consumption and utilization, food and livelihood-based coping strategies, exposure to shocks, and other root causes of food insecurity, including insecurity or gender inequalities. When possible, such assessments should be carried out through a participatory, gender-sensitive approach to ensure that the needs, interests and capacities of all community members (women, men, old, young) are identified.Community-based organizations such as women\u2019s organizations and village relief committees, including local leaders, can help to identify the people or households most in need of assistance and the local root causes of food insecurity. Engaging local organizations in surveys and assessments as key informants can contribute to the engagement of all members of the community in ensuring that food assistance is effective and that it benefits all those in need equally and does not create protection risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1337, "Sentence":"Generally, data collected through assessments carried out by humanitarian agencies to inform other food assistance programmes for the conflict-affected population should be used as the basis for planning reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR generally data collected assessment carried humanitarian agency inform food assistance programme conflictaffected population used basis planning reintegration support ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided as part of a DDR process only when the overall analysis shows that it is a needed, appropriate form of assistance as part of a broader package of DDR support.When developing the initial plans for a short-term food assistance component, the lead food agency shall gather information about the numbers and categories of recipients, the modality to be used to provide assistance, logistics and distribution\/disbursement plans. Depending on the timeline of the response, security concerns, and difficulties in terms of access, food assistance agencies may have to rely on secondary data provided by Governments and\/or the UN mission and the UN peacekeeping DDR component. Nevertheless, sex and age disaggregated data should be sought to ensure that the food assistance component responds to the specific needs of the targeted population.Longer-term food assistance interventions, such as those supporting reintegration, should ideally be based on more accurate food security and vulnerability data and analysis. This is to ensure that the food assistance component is designed according to a comprehensive understanding of food security and nutrition issues in a particular context. The analysis should include a detailed protection, gender and age analysis of the context and populations where the operation will take place. Generally, data collected through assessments carried out by humanitarian agencies to inform other food assistance programmes for the conflict-affected population should be used as the basis for planning reintegration support. In all planning for food assistance, vulnerability and feasibility assessments should be carried out, if possible, at the regional, community and\/or household levels to gather data on areas that are particularly vulnerable, as well as communities, households and specific groups (such as single parents with small children, older people) or individuals (women versus men) experiencing food insecurity. To the extent possible, the analysis should also consider individual food security and nutrition needs, as well as the use of food and livelihood coping strategies within households, taking into account intra-household inequalities in access to and the utilization of food.The tools available for assessment and analysis include: \\n Crop and food security assessment mission; \\n Emergency food security assessments; \\n Mobile vulnerability analysis and mapping remote surveys; \\n Essential needs assessments; \\n Integrated food security phase classification exercises including acute malnutrition; \\n Food security monitoring systems; \\n Transfer modality selection guidance; \\n Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transition (SMART) nutrition surveys or joint food security and nutrition assessments; \\n Other types of rapid assessments to identify vulnerable communities and to better understand local food management practices. Rapid assessments use a variety of quick and inexpensive survey techniques. They tend to be qualitative rather than quantitative, and they depend more on the ability and judgement of the person carrying out the survey than do other research methods that are more rigorous, but also slower and costlier.These assessment methods provide the basis for identifying the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the needs of communities, households and individuals in specific locations, and provide detailed information on food availability, food markets, economic and physical access to food, food consumption and utilization, food and livelihood-based coping strategies, exposure to shocks, and other root causes of food insecurity, including insecurity or gender inequalities. When possible, such assessments should be carried out through a participatory, gender-sensitive approach to ensure that the needs, interests and capacities of all community members (women, men, old, young) are identified.Community-based organizations such as women\u2019s organizations and village relief committees, including local leaders, can help to identify the people or households most in need of assistance and the local root causes of food insecurity. Engaging local organizations in surveys and assessments as key informants can contribute to the engagement of all members of the community in ensuring that food assistance is effective and that it benefits all those in need equally and does not create protection risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1337, "Sentence":"In all planning for food assistance, vulnerability and feasibility assessments should be carried out, if possible, at the regional, community and\/or household levels to gather data on areas that are particularly vulnerable, as well as communities, households and specific groups (such as single parents with small children, older people) or individuals (women versus men) experiencing food insecurity.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR planning food assistance vulnerability feasibility assessment carried possible regional community and\/or household level gather data area particularly vulnerable well community household specific group single parent small child older people individual woman versus men experiencing food insecurity ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided as part of a DDR process only when the overall analysis shows that it is a needed, appropriate form of assistance as part of a broader package of DDR support.When developing the initial plans for a short-term food assistance component, the lead food agency shall gather information about the numbers and categories of recipients, the modality to be used to provide assistance, logistics and distribution\/disbursement plans. Depending on the timeline of the response, security concerns, and difficulties in terms of access, food assistance agencies may have to rely on secondary data provided by Governments and\/or the UN mission and the UN peacekeeping DDR component. Nevertheless, sex and age disaggregated data should be sought to ensure that the food assistance component responds to the specific needs of the targeted population.Longer-term food assistance interventions, such as those supporting reintegration, should ideally be based on more accurate food security and vulnerability data and analysis. This is to ensure that the food assistance component is designed according to a comprehensive understanding of food security and nutrition issues in a particular context. The analysis should include a detailed protection, gender and age analysis of the context and populations where the operation will take place. Generally, data collected through assessments carried out by humanitarian agencies to inform other food assistance programmes for the conflict-affected population should be used as the basis for planning reintegration support. In all planning for food assistance, vulnerability and feasibility assessments should be carried out, if possible, at the regional, community and\/or household levels to gather data on areas that are particularly vulnerable, as well as communities, households and specific groups (such as single parents with small children, older people) or individuals (women versus men) experiencing food insecurity. To the extent possible, the analysis should also consider individual food security and nutrition needs, as well as the use of food and livelihood coping strategies within households, taking into account intra-household inequalities in access to and the utilization of food.The tools available for assessment and analysis include: \\n Crop and food security assessment mission; \\n Emergency food security assessments; \\n Mobile vulnerability analysis and mapping remote surveys; \\n Essential needs assessments; \\n Integrated food security phase classification exercises including acute malnutrition; \\n Food security monitoring systems; \\n Transfer modality selection guidance; \\n Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transition (SMART) nutrition surveys or joint food security and nutrition assessments; \\n Other types of rapid assessments to identify vulnerable communities and to better understand local food management practices. Rapid assessments use a variety of quick and inexpensive survey techniques. They tend to be qualitative rather than quantitative, and they depend more on the ability and judgement of the person carrying out the survey than do other research methods that are more rigorous, but also slower and costlier.These assessment methods provide the basis for identifying the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the needs of communities, households and individuals in specific locations, and provide detailed information on food availability, food markets, economic and physical access to food, food consumption and utilization, food and livelihood-based coping strategies, exposure to shocks, and other root causes of food insecurity, including insecurity or gender inequalities. When possible, such assessments should be carried out through a participatory, gender-sensitive approach to ensure that the needs, interests and capacities of all community members (women, men, old, young) are identified.Community-based organizations such as women\u2019s organizations and village relief committees, including local leaders, can help to identify the people or households most in need of assistance and the local root causes of food insecurity. Engaging local organizations in surveys and assessments as key informants can contribute to the engagement of all members of the community in ensuring that food assistance is effective and that it benefits all those in need equally and does not create protection risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1337, "Sentence":"To the extent possible, the analysis should also consider individual food security and nutrition needs, as well as the use of food and livelihood coping strategies within households, taking into account intra-household inequalities in access to and the utilization of food.The tools available for assessment and analysis include: \\n Crop and food security assessment mission; \\n Emergency food security assessments; \\n Mobile vulnerability analysis and mapping remote surveys; \\n Essential needs assessments; \\n Integrated food security phase classification exercises including acute malnutrition; \\n Food security monitoring systems; \\n Transfer modality selection guidance; \\n Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transition (SMART) nutrition surveys or joint food security and nutrition assessments; \\n Other types of rapid assessments to identify vulnerable communities and to better understand local food management practices.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR extent possible analysis also consider individual food security nutrition need well use food livelihood coping strategy within household taking account intrahousehold inequality access utilization food.the tool available assessment analysis include n crop food security assessment mission n emergency food security assessment n mobile vulnerability analysis mapping remote survey n essential need assessment n integrated food security phase classification exercise including acute malnutrition n food security monitoring system n transfer modality selection guidance n standardized monitoring assessment relief transition smart nutrition survey joint food security nutrition assessment n type rapid assessment identify vulnerable community better understand local food management practice ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided as part of a DDR process only when the overall analysis shows that it is a needed, appropriate form of assistance as part of a broader package of DDR support.When developing the initial plans for a short-term food assistance component, the lead food agency shall gather information about the numbers and categories of recipients, the modality to be used to provide assistance, logistics and distribution\/disbursement plans. Depending on the timeline of the response, security concerns, and difficulties in terms of access, food assistance agencies may have to rely on secondary data provided by Governments and\/or the UN mission and the UN peacekeeping DDR component. Nevertheless, sex and age disaggregated data should be sought to ensure that the food assistance component responds to the specific needs of the targeted population.Longer-term food assistance interventions, such as those supporting reintegration, should ideally be based on more accurate food security and vulnerability data and analysis. This is to ensure that the food assistance component is designed according to a comprehensive understanding of food security and nutrition issues in a particular context. The analysis should include a detailed protection, gender and age analysis of the context and populations where the operation will take place. Generally, data collected through assessments carried out by humanitarian agencies to inform other food assistance programmes for the conflict-affected population should be used as the basis for planning reintegration support. In all planning for food assistance, vulnerability and feasibility assessments should be carried out, if possible, at the regional, community and\/or household levels to gather data on areas that are particularly vulnerable, as well as communities, households and specific groups (such as single parents with small children, older people) or individuals (women versus men) experiencing food insecurity. To the extent possible, the analysis should also consider individual food security and nutrition needs, as well as the use of food and livelihood coping strategies within households, taking into account intra-household inequalities in access to and the utilization of food.The tools available for assessment and analysis include: \\n Crop and food security assessment mission; \\n Emergency food security assessments; \\n Mobile vulnerability analysis and mapping remote surveys; \\n Essential needs assessments; \\n Integrated food security phase classification exercises including acute malnutrition; \\n Food security monitoring systems; \\n Transfer modality selection guidance; \\n Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transition (SMART) nutrition surveys or joint food security and nutrition assessments; \\n Other types of rapid assessments to identify vulnerable communities and to better understand local food management practices. Rapid assessments use a variety of quick and inexpensive survey techniques. They tend to be qualitative rather than quantitative, and they depend more on the ability and judgement of the person carrying out the survey than do other research methods that are more rigorous, but also slower and costlier.These assessment methods provide the basis for identifying the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the needs of communities, households and individuals in specific locations, and provide detailed information on food availability, food markets, economic and physical access to food, food consumption and utilization, food and livelihood-based coping strategies, exposure to shocks, and other root causes of food insecurity, including insecurity or gender inequalities. When possible, such assessments should be carried out through a participatory, gender-sensitive approach to ensure that the needs, interests and capacities of all community members (women, men, old, young) are identified.Community-based organizations such as women\u2019s organizations and village relief committees, including local leaders, can help to identify the people or households most in need of assistance and the local root causes of food insecurity. Engaging local organizations in surveys and assessments as key informants can contribute to the engagement of all members of the community in ensuring that food assistance is effective and that it benefits all those in need equally and does not create protection risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1337, "Sentence":"Rapid assessments use a variety of quick and inexpensive survey techniques.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR rapid assessment use variety quick inexpensive survey technique ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided as part of a DDR process only when the overall analysis shows that it is a needed, appropriate form of assistance as part of a broader package of DDR support.When developing the initial plans for a short-term food assistance component, the lead food agency shall gather information about the numbers and categories of recipients, the modality to be used to provide assistance, logistics and distribution\/disbursement plans. Depending on the timeline of the response, security concerns, and difficulties in terms of access, food assistance agencies may have to rely on secondary data provided by Governments and\/or the UN mission and the UN peacekeeping DDR component. Nevertheless, sex and age disaggregated data should be sought to ensure that the food assistance component responds to the specific needs of the targeted population.Longer-term food assistance interventions, such as those supporting reintegration, should ideally be based on more accurate food security and vulnerability data and analysis. This is to ensure that the food assistance component is designed according to a comprehensive understanding of food security and nutrition issues in a particular context. The analysis should include a detailed protection, gender and age analysis of the context and populations where the operation will take place. Generally, data collected through assessments carried out by humanitarian agencies to inform other food assistance programmes for the conflict-affected population should be used as the basis for planning reintegration support. In all planning for food assistance, vulnerability and feasibility assessments should be carried out, if possible, at the regional, community and\/or household levels to gather data on areas that are particularly vulnerable, as well as communities, households and specific groups (such as single parents with small children, older people) or individuals (women versus men) experiencing food insecurity. To the extent possible, the analysis should also consider individual food security and nutrition needs, as well as the use of food and livelihood coping strategies within households, taking into account intra-household inequalities in access to and the utilization of food.The tools available for assessment and analysis include: \\n Crop and food security assessment mission; \\n Emergency food security assessments; \\n Mobile vulnerability analysis and mapping remote surveys; \\n Essential needs assessments; \\n Integrated food security phase classification exercises including acute malnutrition; \\n Food security monitoring systems; \\n Transfer modality selection guidance; \\n Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transition (SMART) nutrition surveys or joint food security and nutrition assessments; \\n Other types of rapid assessments to identify vulnerable communities and to better understand local food management practices. Rapid assessments use a variety of quick and inexpensive survey techniques. They tend to be qualitative rather than quantitative, and they depend more on the ability and judgement of the person carrying out the survey than do other research methods that are more rigorous, but also slower and costlier.These assessment methods provide the basis for identifying the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the needs of communities, households and individuals in specific locations, and provide detailed information on food availability, food markets, economic and physical access to food, food consumption and utilization, food and livelihood-based coping strategies, exposure to shocks, and other root causes of food insecurity, including insecurity or gender inequalities. When possible, such assessments should be carried out through a participatory, gender-sensitive approach to ensure that the needs, interests and capacities of all community members (women, men, old, young) are identified.Community-based organizations such as women\u2019s organizations and village relief committees, including local leaders, can help to identify the people or households most in need of assistance and the local root causes of food insecurity. Engaging local organizations in surveys and assessments as key informants can contribute to the engagement of all members of the community in ensuring that food assistance is effective and that it benefits all those in need equally and does not create protection risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1337, "Sentence":"They tend to be qualitative rather than quantitative, and they depend more on the ability and judgement of the person carrying out the survey than do other research methods that are more rigorous, but also slower and costlier.These assessment methods provide the basis for identifying the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the needs of communities, households and individuals in specific locations, and provide detailed information on food availability, food markets, economic and physical access to food, food consumption and utilization, food and livelihood-based coping strategies, exposure to shocks, and other root causes of food insecurity, including insecurity or gender inequalities.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR tend qualitative rather quantitative depend ability judgement person carrying survey research method rigorous also slower costlier.these assessment method provide basis identifying demographic socioeconomic characteristic need community household individual specific location provide detailed information food availability food market economic physical access food food consumption utilization food livelihoodbased coping strategy exposure shock root cause food insecurity including insecurity gender inequality ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided as part of a DDR process only when the overall analysis shows that it is a needed, appropriate form of assistance as part of a broader package of DDR support.When developing the initial plans for a short-term food assistance component, the lead food agency shall gather information about the numbers and categories of recipients, the modality to be used to provide assistance, logistics and distribution\/disbursement plans. Depending on the timeline of the response, security concerns, and difficulties in terms of access, food assistance agencies may have to rely on secondary data provided by Governments and\/or the UN mission and the UN peacekeeping DDR component. Nevertheless, sex and age disaggregated data should be sought to ensure that the food assistance component responds to the specific needs of the targeted population.Longer-term food assistance interventions, such as those supporting reintegration, should ideally be based on more accurate food security and vulnerability data and analysis. This is to ensure that the food assistance component is designed according to a comprehensive understanding of food security and nutrition issues in a particular context. The analysis should include a detailed protection, gender and age analysis of the context and populations where the operation will take place. Generally, data collected through assessments carried out by humanitarian agencies to inform other food assistance programmes for the conflict-affected population should be used as the basis for planning reintegration support. In all planning for food assistance, vulnerability and feasibility assessments should be carried out, if possible, at the regional, community and\/or household levels to gather data on areas that are particularly vulnerable, as well as communities, households and specific groups (such as single parents with small children, older people) or individuals (women versus men) experiencing food insecurity. To the extent possible, the analysis should also consider individual food security and nutrition needs, as well as the use of food and livelihood coping strategies within households, taking into account intra-household inequalities in access to and the utilization of food.The tools available for assessment and analysis include: \\n Crop and food security assessment mission; \\n Emergency food security assessments; \\n Mobile vulnerability analysis and mapping remote surveys; \\n Essential needs assessments; \\n Integrated food security phase classification exercises including acute malnutrition; \\n Food security monitoring systems; \\n Transfer modality selection guidance; \\n Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transition (SMART) nutrition surveys or joint food security and nutrition assessments; \\n Other types of rapid assessments to identify vulnerable communities and to better understand local food management practices. Rapid assessments use a variety of quick and inexpensive survey techniques. They tend to be qualitative rather than quantitative, and they depend more on the ability and judgement of the person carrying out the survey than do other research methods that are more rigorous, but also slower and costlier.These assessment methods provide the basis for identifying the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the needs of communities, households and individuals in specific locations, and provide detailed information on food availability, food markets, economic and physical access to food, food consumption and utilization, food and livelihood-based coping strategies, exposure to shocks, and other root causes of food insecurity, including insecurity or gender inequalities. When possible, such assessments should be carried out through a participatory, gender-sensitive approach to ensure that the needs, interests and capacities of all community members (women, men, old, young) are identified.Community-based organizations such as women\u2019s organizations and village relief committees, including local leaders, can help to identify the people or households most in need of assistance and the local root causes of food insecurity. Engaging local organizations in surveys and assessments as key informants can contribute to the engagement of all members of the community in ensuring that food assistance is effective and that it benefits all those in need equally and does not create protection risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1337, "Sentence":"When possible, such assessments should be carried out through a participatory, gender-sensitive approach to ensure that the needs, interests and capacities of all community members (women, men, old, young) are identified.Community-based organizations such as women\u2019s organizations and village relief committees, including local leaders, can help to identify the people or households most in need of assistance and the local root causes of food insecurity.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR possible assessment carried participatory gendersensitive approach ensure need interest capacity community member woman men old young identified.communitybased organization woman \u2019 organization village relief committee including local leader help identify people household need assistance local root cause food insecurity ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided as part of a DDR process only when the overall analysis shows that it is a needed, appropriate form of assistance as part of a broader package of DDR support.When developing the initial plans for a short-term food assistance component, the lead food agency shall gather information about the numbers and categories of recipients, the modality to be used to provide assistance, logistics and distribution\/disbursement plans. Depending on the timeline of the response, security concerns, and difficulties in terms of access, food assistance agencies may have to rely on secondary data provided by Governments and\/or the UN mission and the UN peacekeeping DDR component. Nevertheless, sex and age disaggregated data should be sought to ensure that the food assistance component responds to the specific needs of the targeted population.Longer-term food assistance interventions, such as those supporting reintegration, should ideally be based on more accurate food security and vulnerability data and analysis. This is to ensure that the food assistance component is designed according to a comprehensive understanding of food security and nutrition issues in a particular context. The analysis should include a detailed protection, gender and age analysis of the context and populations where the operation will take place. Generally, data collected through assessments carried out by humanitarian agencies to inform other food assistance programmes for the conflict-affected population should be used as the basis for planning reintegration support. In all planning for food assistance, vulnerability and feasibility assessments should be carried out, if possible, at the regional, community and\/or household levels to gather data on areas that are particularly vulnerable, as well as communities, households and specific groups (such as single parents with small children, older people) or individuals (women versus men) experiencing food insecurity. To the extent possible, the analysis should also consider individual food security and nutrition needs, as well as the use of food and livelihood coping strategies within households, taking into account intra-household inequalities in access to and the utilization of food.The tools available for assessment and analysis include: \\n Crop and food security assessment mission; \\n Emergency food security assessments; \\n Mobile vulnerability analysis and mapping remote surveys; \\n Essential needs assessments; \\n Integrated food security phase classification exercises including acute malnutrition; \\n Food security monitoring systems; \\n Transfer modality selection guidance; \\n Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transition (SMART) nutrition surveys or joint food security and nutrition assessments; \\n Other types of rapid assessments to identify vulnerable communities and to better understand local food management practices. Rapid assessments use a variety of quick and inexpensive survey techniques. They tend to be qualitative rather than quantitative, and they depend more on the ability and judgement of the person carrying out the survey than do other research methods that are more rigorous, but also slower and costlier.These assessment methods provide the basis for identifying the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the needs of communities, households and individuals in specific locations, and provide detailed information on food availability, food markets, economic and physical access to food, food consumption and utilization, food and livelihood-based coping strategies, exposure to shocks, and other root causes of food insecurity, including insecurity or gender inequalities. When possible, such assessments should be carried out through a participatory, gender-sensitive approach to ensure that the needs, interests and capacities of all community members (women, men, old, young) are identified.Community-based organizations such as women\u2019s organizations and village relief committees, including local leaders, can help to identify the people or households most in need of assistance and the local root causes of food insecurity. Engaging local organizations in surveys and assessments as key informants can contribute to the engagement of all members of the community in ensuring that food assistance is effective and that it benefits all those in need equally and does not create protection risks.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1337, "Sentence":"Engaging local organizations in surveys and assessments as key informants can contribute to the engagement of all members of the community in ensuring that food assistance is effective and that it benefits all those in need equally and does not create protection risks.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR engaging local organization survey assessment key informant contribute engagement member community ensuring food assistance effective benefit need equally create protection risk ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Data needed for planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Early in the integrated planning process, food assistance agencies should provide details of the data that they require to the lead coordinating actors in the DDR process so that information can be collected in the early phases of preparing for the food assistance component. The transfer modality that is chosen to provide food assistance will have implications for the types of data required, and this should be taken into account. Agencies should also be careful to ask for data about less visible groups (e.g., abducted girls, breastfeeding mothers) so that these groups can be included in the estimates. It should be noted, however, that acquiring certain data (e.g., accurate numbers and descriptions of members of armed forces and groups) is not always possible, because of the tendency of parties to hide children, ignore (leave out) women who were not in combat positions, and increase or reduce figures for political, financial or strategic reasons. Therefore, plans will often be made according to a best estimate that can only be verified when the food assistance component is in progress. For this reason, DDR practitioners and food assistance staff should be prepared for unexpected or unplanned events\/circumstances.The following data are essential for food assistance planning as part of a DDR process, and shall be provided to, or collected by, the lead agency at the earliest possible stages of planning, ensuring that data protection standards are respected: \\n Numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (disaggregated by sex and age, and with specific assessments of the numbers and characteristics of vulnerable groups); \\n Numbers of dependants (partners, children, relatives, disaggregated by sex and age) and their expenditure on food and food intake; \\n Profiles of participants and beneficiaries (i.e., who they are, what their special needs are); \\n Basic nutritional data, by sex and age; \\n Logistics corridors\/supply routes; \\n Roads and infrastructure information; \\n Information on market capacity and functionality; \\n Information on financial service provider networks; \\n Basic information on beneficiary expenditure\/consumption behaviour; \\n Information regarding demining; \\n Other security-related information.Qualitative data, that will be especially useful in planning reintegration assistance, should also be collected, including through ad hoc surveys carried out among ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants on the initiative of the UN humanitarian coordinating body and partner UN agencies. This process should be carried out in consultation with the national Government and third parties. These surveys identify the main features of the social profile of the intended participants and beneficiaries and provide useful information about the different needs, interests and capacities of the women, men and children of various ages that will be eligible for assistance. Preliminary data gathered through surveys can be checked and verified at a later stage, for e.g., during an identification and registration process.Data on food habits and preliminary information on nutritional requirements may also be collected by food agencies through ad hoc surveys before, or immediately following, the start of the DDR process (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1338, "Sentence":"Early in the integrated planning process, food assistance agencies should provide details of the data that they require to the lead coordinating actors in the DDR process so that information can be collected in the early phases of preparing for the food assistance component.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR early integrated planning process food assistance agency provide detail data require lead coordinating actor ddr process information collected early phase preparing food assistance component ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Data needed for planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Early in the integrated planning process, food assistance agencies should provide details of the data that they require to the lead coordinating actors in the DDR process so that information can be collected in the early phases of preparing for the food assistance component. The transfer modality that is chosen to provide food assistance will have implications for the types of data required, and this should be taken into account. Agencies should also be careful to ask for data about less visible groups (e.g., abducted girls, breastfeeding mothers) so that these groups can be included in the estimates. It should be noted, however, that acquiring certain data (e.g., accurate numbers and descriptions of members of armed forces and groups) is not always possible, because of the tendency of parties to hide children, ignore (leave out) women who were not in combat positions, and increase or reduce figures for political, financial or strategic reasons. Therefore, plans will often be made according to a best estimate that can only be verified when the food assistance component is in progress. For this reason, DDR practitioners and food assistance staff should be prepared for unexpected or unplanned events\/circumstances.The following data are essential for food assistance planning as part of a DDR process, and shall be provided to, or collected by, the lead agency at the earliest possible stages of planning, ensuring that data protection standards are respected: \\n Numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (disaggregated by sex and age, and with specific assessments of the numbers and characteristics of vulnerable groups); \\n Numbers of dependants (partners, children, relatives, disaggregated by sex and age) and their expenditure on food and food intake; \\n Profiles of participants and beneficiaries (i.e., who they are, what their special needs are); \\n Basic nutritional data, by sex and age; \\n Logistics corridors\/supply routes; \\n Roads and infrastructure information; \\n Information on market capacity and functionality; \\n Information on financial service provider networks; \\n Basic information on beneficiary expenditure\/consumption behaviour; \\n Information regarding demining; \\n Other security-related information.Qualitative data, that will be especially useful in planning reintegration assistance, should also be collected, including through ad hoc surveys carried out among ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants on the initiative of the UN humanitarian coordinating body and partner UN agencies. This process should be carried out in consultation with the national Government and third parties. These surveys identify the main features of the social profile of the intended participants and beneficiaries and provide useful information about the different needs, interests and capacities of the women, men and children of various ages that will be eligible for assistance. Preliminary data gathered through surveys can be checked and verified at a later stage, for e.g., during an identification and registration process.Data on food habits and preliminary information on nutritional requirements may also be collected by food agencies through ad hoc surveys before, or immediately following, the start of the DDR process (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1338, "Sentence":"The transfer modality that is chosen to provide food assistance will have implications for the types of data required, and this should be taken into account.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR transfer modality chosen provide food assistance implication type data required taken account ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Data needed for planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Early in the integrated planning process, food assistance agencies should provide details of the data that they require to the lead coordinating actors in the DDR process so that information can be collected in the early phases of preparing for the food assistance component. The transfer modality that is chosen to provide food assistance will have implications for the types of data required, and this should be taken into account. Agencies should also be careful to ask for data about less visible groups (e.g., abducted girls, breastfeeding mothers) so that these groups can be included in the estimates. It should be noted, however, that acquiring certain data (e.g., accurate numbers and descriptions of members of armed forces and groups) is not always possible, because of the tendency of parties to hide children, ignore (leave out) women who were not in combat positions, and increase or reduce figures for political, financial or strategic reasons. Therefore, plans will often be made according to a best estimate that can only be verified when the food assistance component is in progress. For this reason, DDR practitioners and food assistance staff should be prepared for unexpected or unplanned events\/circumstances.The following data are essential for food assistance planning as part of a DDR process, and shall be provided to, or collected by, the lead agency at the earliest possible stages of planning, ensuring that data protection standards are respected: \\n Numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (disaggregated by sex and age, and with specific assessments of the numbers and characteristics of vulnerable groups); \\n Numbers of dependants (partners, children, relatives, disaggregated by sex and age) and their expenditure on food and food intake; \\n Profiles of participants and beneficiaries (i.e., who they are, what their special needs are); \\n Basic nutritional data, by sex and age; \\n Logistics corridors\/supply routes; \\n Roads and infrastructure information; \\n Information on market capacity and functionality; \\n Information on financial service provider networks; \\n Basic information on beneficiary expenditure\/consumption behaviour; \\n Information regarding demining; \\n Other security-related information.Qualitative data, that will be especially useful in planning reintegration assistance, should also be collected, including through ad hoc surveys carried out among ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants on the initiative of the UN humanitarian coordinating body and partner UN agencies. This process should be carried out in consultation with the national Government and third parties. These surveys identify the main features of the social profile of the intended participants and beneficiaries and provide useful information about the different needs, interests and capacities of the women, men and children of various ages that will be eligible for assistance. Preliminary data gathered through surveys can be checked and verified at a later stage, for e.g., during an identification and registration process.Data on food habits and preliminary information on nutritional requirements may also be collected by food agencies through ad hoc surveys before, or immediately following, the start of the DDR process (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1338, "Sentence":"Agencies should also be careful to ask for data about less visible groups (e.g., abducted girls, breastfeeding mothers) so that these groups can be included in the estimates.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR agency also careful ask data le visible group e.g . abducted girl breastfeeding mother group included estimate ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Data needed for planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Early in the integrated planning process, food assistance agencies should provide details of the data that they require to the lead coordinating actors in the DDR process so that information can be collected in the early phases of preparing for the food assistance component. The transfer modality that is chosen to provide food assistance will have implications for the types of data required, and this should be taken into account. Agencies should also be careful to ask for data about less visible groups (e.g., abducted girls, breastfeeding mothers) so that these groups can be included in the estimates. It should be noted, however, that acquiring certain data (e.g., accurate numbers and descriptions of members of armed forces and groups) is not always possible, because of the tendency of parties to hide children, ignore (leave out) women who were not in combat positions, and increase or reduce figures for political, financial or strategic reasons. Therefore, plans will often be made according to a best estimate that can only be verified when the food assistance component is in progress. For this reason, DDR practitioners and food assistance staff should be prepared for unexpected or unplanned events\/circumstances.The following data are essential for food assistance planning as part of a DDR process, and shall be provided to, or collected by, the lead agency at the earliest possible stages of planning, ensuring that data protection standards are respected: \\n Numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (disaggregated by sex and age, and with specific assessments of the numbers and characteristics of vulnerable groups); \\n Numbers of dependants (partners, children, relatives, disaggregated by sex and age) and their expenditure on food and food intake; \\n Profiles of participants and beneficiaries (i.e., who they are, what their special needs are); \\n Basic nutritional data, by sex and age; \\n Logistics corridors\/supply routes; \\n Roads and infrastructure information; \\n Information on market capacity and functionality; \\n Information on financial service provider networks; \\n Basic information on beneficiary expenditure\/consumption behaviour; \\n Information regarding demining; \\n Other security-related information.Qualitative data, that will be especially useful in planning reintegration assistance, should also be collected, including through ad hoc surveys carried out among ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants on the initiative of the UN humanitarian coordinating body and partner UN agencies. This process should be carried out in consultation with the national Government and third parties. These surveys identify the main features of the social profile of the intended participants and beneficiaries and provide useful information about the different needs, interests and capacities of the women, men and children of various ages that will be eligible for assistance. Preliminary data gathered through surveys can be checked and verified at a later stage, for e.g., during an identification and registration process.Data on food habits and preliminary information on nutritional requirements may also be collected by food agencies through ad hoc surveys before, or immediately following, the start of the DDR process (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1338, "Sentence":"It should be noted, however, that acquiring certain data (e.g., accurate numbers and descriptions of members of armed forces and groups) is not always possible, because of the tendency of parties to hide children, ignore (leave out) women who were not in combat positions, and increase or reduce figures for political, financial or strategic reasons.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR noted however acquiring certain data e.g . accurate number description member armed force group always possible tendency party hide child ignore leave woman combat position increase reduce figure political financial strategic reason ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Data needed for planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Early in the integrated planning process, food assistance agencies should provide details of the data that they require to the lead coordinating actors in the DDR process so that information can be collected in the early phases of preparing for the food assistance component. The transfer modality that is chosen to provide food assistance will have implications for the types of data required, and this should be taken into account. Agencies should also be careful to ask for data about less visible groups (e.g., abducted girls, breastfeeding mothers) so that these groups can be included in the estimates. It should be noted, however, that acquiring certain data (e.g., accurate numbers and descriptions of members of armed forces and groups) is not always possible, because of the tendency of parties to hide children, ignore (leave out) women who were not in combat positions, and increase or reduce figures for political, financial or strategic reasons. Therefore, plans will often be made according to a best estimate that can only be verified when the food assistance component is in progress. For this reason, DDR practitioners and food assistance staff should be prepared for unexpected or unplanned events\/circumstances.The following data are essential for food assistance planning as part of a DDR process, and shall be provided to, or collected by, the lead agency at the earliest possible stages of planning, ensuring that data protection standards are respected: \\n Numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (disaggregated by sex and age, and with specific assessments of the numbers and characteristics of vulnerable groups); \\n Numbers of dependants (partners, children, relatives, disaggregated by sex and age) and their expenditure on food and food intake; \\n Profiles of participants and beneficiaries (i.e., who they are, what their special needs are); \\n Basic nutritional data, by sex and age; \\n Logistics corridors\/supply routes; \\n Roads and infrastructure information; \\n Information on market capacity and functionality; \\n Information on financial service provider networks; \\n Basic information on beneficiary expenditure\/consumption behaviour; \\n Information regarding demining; \\n Other security-related information.Qualitative data, that will be especially useful in planning reintegration assistance, should also be collected, including through ad hoc surveys carried out among ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants on the initiative of the UN humanitarian coordinating body and partner UN agencies. This process should be carried out in consultation with the national Government and third parties. These surveys identify the main features of the social profile of the intended participants and beneficiaries and provide useful information about the different needs, interests and capacities of the women, men and children of various ages that will be eligible for assistance. Preliminary data gathered through surveys can be checked and verified at a later stage, for e.g., during an identification and registration process.Data on food habits and preliminary information on nutritional requirements may also be collected by food agencies through ad hoc surveys before, or immediately following, the start of the DDR process (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1338, "Sentence":"Therefore, plans will often be made according to a best estimate that can only be verified when the food assistance component is in progress.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR therefore plan often made according best estimate verified food assistance component progress ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Data needed for planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Early in the integrated planning process, food assistance agencies should provide details of the data that they require to the lead coordinating actors in the DDR process so that information can be collected in the early phases of preparing for the food assistance component. The transfer modality that is chosen to provide food assistance will have implications for the types of data required, and this should be taken into account. Agencies should also be careful to ask for data about less visible groups (e.g., abducted girls, breastfeeding mothers) so that these groups can be included in the estimates. It should be noted, however, that acquiring certain data (e.g., accurate numbers and descriptions of members of armed forces and groups) is not always possible, because of the tendency of parties to hide children, ignore (leave out) women who were not in combat positions, and increase or reduce figures for political, financial or strategic reasons. Therefore, plans will often be made according to a best estimate that can only be verified when the food assistance component is in progress. For this reason, DDR practitioners and food assistance staff should be prepared for unexpected or unplanned events\/circumstances.The following data are essential for food assistance planning as part of a DDR process, and shall be provided to, or collected by, the lead agency at the earliest possible stages of planning, ensuring that data protection standards are respected: \\n Numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (disaggregated by sex and age, and with specific assessments of the numbers and characteristics of vulnerable groups); \\n Numbers of dependants (partners, children, relatives, disaggregated by sex and age) and their expenditure on food and food intake; \\n Profiles of participants and beneficiaries (i.e., who they are, what their special needs are); \\n Basic nutritional data, by sex and age; \\n Logistics corridors\/supply routes; \\n Roads and infrastructure information; \\n Information on market capacity and functionality; \\n Information on financial service provider networks; \\n Basic information on beneficiary expenditure\/consumption behaviour; \\n Information regarding demining; \\n Other security-related information.Qualitative data, that will be especially useful in planning reintegration assistance, should also be collected, including through ad hoc surveys carried out among ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants on the initiative of the UN humanitarian coordinating body and partner UN agencies. This process should be carried out in consultation with the national Government and third parties. These surveys identify the main features of the social profile of the intended participants and beneficiaries and provide useful information about the different needs, interests and capacities of the women, men and children of various ages that will be eligible for assistance. Preliminary data gathered through surveys can be checked and verified at a later stage, for e.g., during an identification and registration process.Data on food habits and preliminary information on nutritional requirements may also be collected by food agencies through ad hoc surveys before, or immediately following, the start of the DDR process (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1338, "Sentence":"For this reason, DDR practitioners and food assistance staff should be prepared for unexpected or unplanned events\/circumstances.The following data are essential for food assistance planning as part of a DDR process, and shall be provided to, or collected by, the lead agency at the earliest possible stages of planning, ensuring that data protection standards are respected: \\n Numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (disaggregated by sex and age, and with specific assessments of the numbers and characteristics of vulnerable groups); \\n Numbers of dependants (partners, children, relatives, disaggregated by sex and age) and their expenditure on food and food intake; \\n Profiles of participants and beneficiaries (i.e., who they are, what their special needs are); \\n Basic nutritional data, by sex and age; \\n Logistics corridors\/supply routes; \\n Roads and infrastructure information; \\n Information on market capacity and functionality; \\n Information on financial service provider networks; \\n Basic information on beneficiary expenditure\/consumption behaviour; \\n Information regarding demining; \\n Other security-related information.Qualitative data, that will be especially useful in planning reintegration assistance, should also be collected, including through ad hoc surveys carried out among ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants on the initiative of the UN humanitarian coordinating body and partner UN agencies.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR reason ddr practitioner food assistance staff prepared unexpected unplanned events\/circumstances.the following data essential food assistance planning part ddr process shall provided collected lead agency earliest possible stage planning ensuring data protection standard respected n number excombatants person formerly associated armed force group disaggregated sex age specific assessment number characteristic vulnerable group n number dependant partner child relative disaggregated sex age expenditure food food intake n profile participant beneficiary i.e . special need n basic nutritional data sex age n logistics corridors\/supply route n road infrastructure information n information market capacity functionality n information financial service provider network n basic information beneficiary expenditure\/consumption behaviour n information regarding demining n securityrelated information.qualitative data especially useful planning reintegration assistance also collected including ad hoc survey carried among excombatants person formerly associated armed force group dependant initiative un humanitarian coordinating body partner un agency ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Data needed for planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Early in the integrated planning process, food assistance agencies should provide details of the data that they require to the lead coordinating actors in the DDR process so that information can be collected in the early phases of preparing for the food assistance component. The transfer modality that is chosen to provide food assistance will have implications for the types of data required, and this should be taken into account. Agencies should also be careful to ask for data about less visible groups (e.g., abducted girls, breastfeeding mothers) so that these groups can be included in the estimates. It should be noted, however, that acquiring certain data (e.g., accurate numbers and descriptions of members of armed forces and groups) is not always possible, because of the tendency of parties to hide children, ignore (leave out) women who were not in combat positions, and increase or reduce figures for political, financial or strategic reasons. Therefore, plans will often be made according to a best estimate that can only be verified when the food assistance component is in progress. For this reason, DDR practitioners and food assistance staff should be prepared for unexpected or unplanned events\/circumstances.The following data are essential for food assistance planning as part of a DDR process, and shall be provided to, or collected by, the lead agency at the earliest possible stages of planning, ensuring that data protection standards are respected: \\n Numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (disaggregated by sex and age, and with specific assessments of the numbers and characteristics of vulnerable groups); \\n Numbers of dependants (partners, children, relatives, disaggregated by sex and age) and their expenditure on food and food intake; \\n Profiles of participants and beneficiaries (i.e., who they are, what their special needs are); \\n Basic nutritional data, by sex and age; \\n Logistics corridors\/supply routes; \\n Roads and infrastructure information; \\n Information on market capacity and functionality; \\n Information on financial service provider networks; \\n Basic information on beneficiary expenditure\/consumption behaviour; \\n Information regarding demining; \\n Other security-related information.Qualitative data, that will be especially useful in planning reintegration assistance, should also be collected, including through ad hoc surveys carried out among ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants on the initiative of the UN humanitarian coordinating body and partner UN agencies. This process should be carried out in consultation with the national Government and third parties. These surveys identify the main features of the social profile of the intended participants and beneficiaries and provide useful information about the different needs, interests and capacities of the women, men and children of various ages that will be eligible for assistance. Preliminary data gathered through surveys can be checked and verified at a later stage, for e.g., during an identification and registration process.Data on food habits and preliminary information on nutritional requirements may also be collected by food agencies through ad hoc surveys before, or immediately following, the start of the DDR process (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1338, "Sentence":"This process should be carried out in consultation with the national Government and third parties.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR process carried consultation national government third party ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Data needed for planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Early in the integrated planning process, food assistance agencies should provide details of the data that they require to the lead coordinating actors in the DDR process so that information can be collected in the early phases of preparing for the food assistance component. The transfer modality that is chosen to provide food assistance will have implications for the types of data required, and this should be taken into account. Agencies should also be careful to ask for data about less visible groups (e.g., abducted girls, breastfeeding mothers) so that these groups can be included in the estimates. It should be noted, however, that acquiring certain data (e.g., accurate numbers and descriptions of members of armed forces and groups) is not always possible, because of the tendency of parties to hide children, ignore (leave out) women who were not in combat positions, and increase or reduce figures for political, financial or strategic reasons. Therefore, plans will often be made according to a best estimate that can only be verified when the food assistance component is in progress. For this reason, DDR practitioners and food assistance staff should be prepared for unexpected or unplanned events\/circumstances.The following data are essential for food assistance planning as part of a DDR process, and shall be provided to, or collected by, the lead agency at the earliest possible stages of planning, ensuring that data protection standards are respected: \\n Numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (disaggregated by sex and age, and with specific assessments of the numbers and characteristics of vulnerable groups); \\n Numbers of dependants (partners, children, relatives, disaggregated by sex and age) and their expenditure on food and food intake; \\n Profiles of participants and beneficiaries (i.e., who they are, what their special needs are); \\n Basic nutritional data, by sex and age; \\n Logistics corridors\/supply routes; \\n Roads and infrastructure information; \\n Information on market capacity and functionality; \\n Information on financial service provider networks; \\n Basic information on beneficiary expenditure\/consumption behaviour; \\n Information regarding demining; \\n Other security-related information.Qualitative data, that will be especially useful in planning reintegration assistance, should also be collected, including through ad hoc surveys carried out among ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants on the initiative of the UN humanitarian coordinating body and partner UN agencies. This process should be carried out in consultation with the national Government and third parties. These surveys identify the main features of the social profile of the intended participants and beneficiaries and provide useful information about the different needs, interests and capacities of the women, men and children of various ages that will be eligible for assistance. Preliminary data gathered through surveys can be checked and verified at a later stage, for e.g., during an identification and registration process.Data on food habits and preliminary information on nutritional requirements may also be collected by food agencies through ad hoc surveys before, or immediately following, the start of the DDR process (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1338, "Sentence":"These surveys identify the main features of the social profile of the intended participants and beneficiaries and provide useful information about the different needs, interests and capacities of the women, men and children of various ages that will be eligible for assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR survey identify main feature social profile intended participant beneficiary provide useful information different need interest capacity woman men child various age eligible assistance ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.1 Food assistance planning data", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Data needed for planning", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Early in the integrated planning process, food assistance agencies should provide details of the data that they require to the lead coordinating actors in the DDR process so that information can be collected in the early phases of preparing for the food assistance component. The transfer modality that is chosen to provide food assistance will have implications for the types of data required, and this should be taken into account. Agencies should also be careful to ask for data about less visible groups (e.g., abducted girls, breastfeeding mothers) so that these groups can be included in the estimates. It should be noted, however, that acquiring certain data (e.g., accurate numbers and descriptions of members of armed forces and groups) is not always possible, because of the tendency of parties to hide children, ignore (leave out) women who were not in combat positions, and increase or reduce figures for political, financial or strategic reasons. Therefore, plans will often be made according to a best estimate that can only be verified when the food assistance component is in progress. For this reason, DDR practitioners and food assistance staff should be prepared for unexpected or unplanned events\/circumstances.The following data are essential for food assistance planning as part of a DDR process, and shall be provided to, or collected by, the lead agency at the earliest possible stages of planning, ensuring that data protection standards are respected: \\n Numbers of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (disaggregated by sex and age, and with specific assessments of the numbers and characteristics of vulnerable groups); \\n Numbers of dependants (partners, children, relatives, disaggregated by sex and age) and their expenditure on food and food intake; \\n Profiles of participants and beneficiaries (i.e., who they are, what their special needs are); \\n Basic nutritional data, by sex and age; \\n Logistics corridors\/supply routes; \\n Roads and infrastructure information; \\n Information on market capacity and functionality; \\n Information on financial service provider networks; \\n Basic information on beneficiary expenditure\/consumption behaviour; \\n Information regarding demining; \\n Other security-related information.Qualitative data, that will be especially useful in planning reintegration assistance, should also be collected, including through ad hoc surveys carried out among ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants on the initiative of the UN humanitarian coordinating body and partner UN agencies. This process should be carried out in consultation with the national Government and third parties. These surveys identify the main features of the social profile of the intended participants and beneficiaries and provide useful information about the different needs, interests and capacities of the women, men and children of various ages that will be eligible for assistance. Preliminary data gathered through surveys can be checked and verified at a later stage, for e.g., during an identification and registration process.Data on food habits and preliminary information on nutritional requirements may also be collected by food agencies through ad hoc surveys before, or immediately following, the start of the DDR process (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1338, "Sentence":"Preliminary data gathered through surveys can be checked and verified at a later stage, for e.g., during an identification and registration process.Data on food habits and preliminary information on nutritional requirements may also be collected by food agencies through ad hoc surveys before, or immediately following, the start of the DDR process (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR preliminary data gathered survey checked verified later stage e.g . identification registration process.data food habit preliminary information nutritional requirement may also collected food agency ad hoc survey immediately following start ddr process also see iddrs 3.10 integrated ddr planning process structure ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.2 The food assistance plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following parts of the food assistance component should be finalized in a food assistance plan and made part of the inter-agency approach to the DDR process: \\n Context\/conflict analysis, including protection and gender analysis; \\n Agreement on ration\/food basket\/transfer value for assembly and reinsertion periods, taking into account the diverse needs of recipients; \\n Agreement on the most appropriate modality (i.e., in-kind food, cash, or voucher\/e-voucher); \\n The identification of programme resources; \\n The establishment of viable distribution\/disbursement\/voucher redemption mechanisms, taking into consideration gender and protection issues; \\n Putting plans and resources in place for special feeding programmes (e.g., school\/interim care centre feeding, take home rations, malnutrition and prevention treatment programmes; integrating nutrition awareness education); \\n Preparations for special project activities (e.g., FFA, FFT, etc.); \\n The development of a logistics plan; \\n The establishment of monitoring and reporting systems; \\n The development of contingency plans; \\n The establishment of security measures.Having one lead food assistance agency as part of the DDR process will permit a more cost- effective operation and minimize coordination problems. In some cases, to improve the quality and variety of the food that is provided, extra supplies may be contributed by donors and other agencies. These actors can also provide non-food items required for the preparation and distribution of food (e.g., cooking pots, charcoal, paper plates, condiments, etc.).Experience has shown that the sharing of responsibilities between humanitarian and Government actors in the provision of food assistance must be done with caution. In countries emerging from conflict situations, Governments may have limited capacity and\/or resources to ensure timely and regular food assistance supplies. In such situations, upon a request from a national Government, a peace operation or a UN RC, humanitarian actors may step in appealing for donor funds to cover gaps in the provision of food assistance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1339, "Sentence":"The following parts of the food assistance component should be finalized in a food assistance plan and made part of the inter-agency approach to the DDR process: \\n Context\/conflict analysis, including protection and gender analysis; \\n Agreement on ration\/food basket\/transfer value for assembly and reinsertion periods, taking into account the diverse needs of recipients; \\n Agreement on the most appropriate modality (i.e., in-kind food, cash, or voucher\/e-voucher); \\n The identification of programme resources; \\n The establishment of viable distribution\/disbursement\/voucher redemption mechanisms, taking into consideration gender and protection issues; \\n Putting plans and resources in place for special feeding programmes (e.g., school\/interim care centre feeding, take home rations, malnutrition and prevention treatment programmes; integrating nutrition awareness education); \\n Preparations for special project activities (e.g., FFA, FFT, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR following part food assistance component finalized food assistance plan made part interagency approach ddr process n context\/conflict analysis including protection gender analysis n agreement ration\/food basket\/transfer value assembly reinsertion period taking account diverse need recipient n agreement appropriate modality i.e . inkind food cash voucher\/evoucher n identification programme resource n establishment viable distribution\/disbursement\/voucher redemption mechanism taking consideration gender protection issue n putting plan resource place special feeding programme e.g . school\/interim care centre feeding take home ration malnutrition prevention treatment programme integrating nutrition awareness education n preparation special project activity e.g . ffa fft etc ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.2 The food assistance plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following parts of the food assistance component should be finalized in a food assistance plan and made part of the inter-agency approach to the DDR process: \\n Context\/conflict analysis, including protection and gender analysis; \\n Agreement on ration\/food basket\/transfer value for assembly and reinsertion periods, taking into account the diverse needs of recipients; \\n Agreement on the most appropriate modality (i.e., in-kind food, cash, or voucher\/e-voucher); \\n The identification of programme resources; \\n The establishment of viable distribution\/disbursement\/voucher redemption mechanisms, taking into consideration gender and protection issues; \\n Putting plans and resources in place for special feeding programmes (e.g., school\/interim care centre feeding, take home rations, malnutrition and prevention treatment programmes; integrating nutrition awareness education); \\n Preparations for special project activities (e.g., FFA, FFT, etc.); \\n The development of a logistics plan; \\n The establishment of monitoring and reporting systems; \\n The development of contingency plans; \\n The establishment of security measures.Having one lead food assistance agency as part of the DDR process will permit a more cost- effective operation and minimize coordination problems. In some cases, to improve the quality and variety of the food that is provided, extra supplies may be contributed by donors and other agencies. These actors can also provide non-food items required for the preparation and distribution of food (e.g., cooking pots, charcoal, paper plates, condiments, etc.).Experience has shown that the sharing of responsibilities between humanitarian and Government actors in the provision of food assistance must be done with caution. In countries emerging from conflict situations, Governments may have limited capacity and\/or resources to ensure timely and regular food assistance supplies. In such situations, upon a request from a national Government, a peace operation or a UN RC, humanitarian actors may step in appealing for donor funds to cover gaps in the provision of food assistance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1339, "Sentence":"); \\n The development of a logistics plan; \\n The establishment of monitoring and reporting systems; \\n The development of contingency plans; \\n The establishment of security measures.Having one lead food assistance agency as part of the DDR process will permit a more cost- effective operation and minimize coordination problems.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR n development logistics plan n establishment monitoring reporting system n development contingency plan n establishment security measures.having one lead food assistance agency part ddr process permit cost effective operation minimize coordination problem ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.2 The food assistance plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following parts of the food assistance component should be finalized in a food assistance plan and made part of the inter-agency approach to the DDR process: \\n Context\/conflict analysis, including protection and gender analysis; \\n Agreement on ration\/food basket\/transfer value for assembly and reinsertion periods, taking into account the diverse needs of recipients; \\n Agreement on the most appropriate modality (i.e., in-kind food, cash, or voucher\/e-voucher); \\n The identification of programme resources; \\n The establishment of viable distribution\/disbursement\/voucher redemption mechanisms, taking into consideration gender and protection issues; \\n Putting plans and resources in place for special feeding programmes (e.g., school\/interim care centre feeding, take home rations, malnutrition and prevention treatment programmes; integrating nutrition awareness education); \\n Preparations for special project activities (e.g., FFA, FFT, etc.); \\n The development of a logistics plan; \\n The establishment of monitoring and reporting systems; \\n The development of contingency plans; \\n The establishment of security measures.Having one lead food assistance agency as part of the DDR process will permit a more cost- effective operation and minimize coordination problems. In some cases, to improve the quality and variety of the food that is provided, extra supplies may be contributed by donors and other agencies. These actors can also provide non-food items required for the preparation and distribution of food (e.g., cooking pots, charcoal, paper plates, condiments, etc.).Experience has shown that the sharing of responsibilities between humanitarian and Government actors in the provision of food assistance must be done with caution. In countries emerging from conflict situations, Governments may have limited capacity and\/or resources to ensure timely and regular food assistance supplies. In such situations, upon a request from a national Government, a peace operation or a UN RC, humanitarian actors may step in appealing for donor funds to cover gaps in the provision of food assistance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1339, "Sentence":"In some cases, to improve the quality and variety of the food that is provided, extra supplies may be contributed by donors and other agencies.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR case improve quality variety food provided extra supply may contributed donor agency ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.2 The food assistance plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following parts of the food assistance component should be finalized in a food assistance plan and made part of the inter-agency approach to the DDR process: \\n Context\/conflict analysis, including protection and gender analysis; \\n Agreement on ration\/food basket\/transfer value for assembly and reinsertion periods, taking into account the diverse needs of recipients; \\n Agreement on the most appropriate modality (i.e., in-kind food, cash, or voucher\/e-voucher); \\n The identification of programme resources; \\n The establishment of viable distribution\/disbursement\/voucher redemption mechanisms, taking into consideration gender and protection issues; \\n Putting plans and resources in place for special feeding programmes (e.g., school\/interim care centre feeding, take home rations, malnutrition and prevention treatment programmes; integrating nutrition awareness education); \\n Preparations for special project activities (e.g., FFA, FFT, etc.); \\n The development of a logistics plan; \\n The establishment of monitoring and reporting systems; \\n The development of contingency plans; \\n The establishment of security measures.Having one lead food assistance agency as part of the DDR process will permit a more cost- effective operation and minimize coordination problems. In some cases, to improve the quality and variety of the food that is provided, extra supplies may be contributed by donors and other agencies. These actors can also provide non-food items required for the preparation and distribution of food (e.g., cooking pots, charcoal, paper plates, condiments, etc.).Experience has shown that the sharing of responsibilities between humanitarian and Government actors in the provision of food assistance must be done with caution. In countries emerging from conflict situations, Governments may have limited capacity and\/or resources to ensure timely and regular food assistance supplies. In such situations, upon a request from a national Government, a peace operation or a UN RC, humanitarian actors may step in appealing for donor funds to cover gaps in the provision of food assistance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1339, "Sentence":"These actors can also provide non-food items required for the preparation and distribution of food (e.g., cooking pots, charcoal, paper plates, condiments, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR actor also provide nonfood item required preparation distribution food e.g . cooking pot charcoal paper plate condiment etc ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.2 The food assistance plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following parts of the food assistance component should be finalized in a food assistance plan and made part of the inter-agency approach to the DDR process: \\n Context\/conflict analysis, including protection and gender analysis; \\n Agreement on ration\/food basket\/transfer value for assembly and reinsertion periods, taking into account the diverse needs of recipients; \\n Agreement on the most appropriate modality (i.e., in-kind food, cash, or voucher\/e-voucher); \\n The identification of programme resources; \\n The establishment of viable distribution\/disbursement\/voucher redemption mechanisms, taking into consideration gender and protection issues; \\n Putting plans and resources in place for special feeding programmes (e.g., school\/interim care centre feeding, take home rations, malnutrition and prevention treatment programmes; integrating nutrition awareness education); \\n Preparations for special project activities (e.g., FFA, FFT, etc.); \\n The development of a logistics plan; \\n The establishment of monitoring and reporting systems; \\n The development of contingency plans; \\n The establishment of security measures.Having one lead food assistance agency as part of the DDR process will permit a more cost- effective operation and minimize coordination problems. In some cases, to improve the quality and variety of the food that is provided, extra supplies may be contributed by donors and other agencies. These actors can also provide non-food items required for the preparation and distribution of food (e.g., cooking pots, charcoal, paper plates, condiments, etc.).Experience has shown that the sharing of responsibilities between humanitarian and Government actors in the provision of food assistance must be done with caution. In countries emerging from conflict situations, Governments may have limited capacity and\/or resources to ensure timely and regular food assistance supplies. In such situations, upon a request from a national Government, a peace operation or a UN RC, humanitarian actors may step in appealing for donor funds to cover gaps in the provision of food assistance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1339, "Sentence":").Experience has shown that the sharing of responsibilities between humanitarian and Government actors in the provision of food assistance must be done with caution.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR .experience shown sharing responsibility humanitarian government actor provision food assistance must done caution ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.2 The food assistance plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following parts of the food assistance component should be finalized in a food assistance plan and made part of the inter-agency approach to the DDR process: \\n Context\/conflict analysis, including protection and gender analysis; \\n Agreement on ration\/food basket\/transfer value for assembly and reinsertion periods, taking into account the diverse needs of recipients; \\n Agreement on the most appropriate modality (i.e., in-kind food, cash, or voucher\/e-voucher); \\n The identification of programme resources; \\n The establishment of viable distribution\/disbursement\/voucher redemption mechanisms, taking into consideration gender and protection issues; \\n Putting plans and resources in place for special feeding programmes (e.g., school\/interim care centre feeding, take home rations, malnutrition and prevention treatment programmes; integrating nutrition awareness education); \\n Preparations for special project activities (e.g., FFA, FFT, etc.); \\n The development of a logistics plan; \\n The establishment of monitoring and reporting systems; \\n The development of contingency plans; \\n The establishment of security measures.Having one lead food assistance agency as part of the DDR process will permit a more cost- effective operation and minimize coordination problems. In some cases, to improve the quality and variety of the food that is provided, extra supplies may be contributed by donors and other agencies. These actors can also provide non-food items required for the preparation and distribution of food (e.g., cooking pots, charcoal, paper plates, condiments, etc.).Experience has shown that the sharing of responsibilities between humanitarian and Government actors in the provision of food assistance must be done with caution. In countries emerging from conflict situations, Governments may have limited capacity and\/or resources to ensure timely and regular food assistance supplies. In such situations, upon a request from a national Government, a peace operation or a UN RC, humanitarian actors may step in appealing for donor funds to cover gaps in the provision of food assistance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1339, "Sentence":"In countries emerging from conflict situations, Governments may have limited capacity and\/or resources to ensure timely and regular food assistance supplies.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR country emerging conflict situation government may limited capacity and\/or resource ensure timely regular food assistance supply ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.2 The food assistance plan", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"The following parts of the food assistance component should be finalized in a food assistance plan and made part of the inter-agency approach to the DDR process: \\n Context\/conflict analysis, including protection and gender analysis; \\n Agreement on ration\/food basket\/transfer value for assembly and reinsertion periods, taking into account the diverse needs of recipients; \\n Agreement on the most appropriate modality (i.e., in-kind food, cash, or voucher\/e-voucher); \\n The identification of programme resources; \\n The establishment of viable distribution\/disbursement\/voucher redemption mechanisms, taking into consideration gender and protection issues; \\n Putting plans and resources in place for special feeding programmes (e.g., school\/interim care centre feeding, take home rations, malnutrition and prevention treatment programmes; integrating nutrition awareness education); \\n Preparations for special project activities (e.g., FFA, FFT, etc.); \\n The development of a logistics plan; \\n The establishment of monitoring and reporting systems; \\n The development of contingency plans; \\n The establishment of security measures.Having one lead food assistance agency as part of the DDR process will permit a more cost- effective operation and minimize coordination problems. In some cases, to improve the quality and variety of the food that is provided, extra supplies may be contributed by donors and other agencies. These actors can also provide non-food items required for the preparation and distribution of food (e.g., cooking pots, charcoal, paper plates, condiments, etc.).Experience has shown that the sharing of responsibilities between humanitarian and Government actors in the provision of food assistance must be done with caution. In countries emerging from conflict situations, Governments may have limited capacity and\/or resources to ensure timely and regular food assistance supplies. In such situations, upon a request from a national Government, a peace operation or a UN RC, humanitarian actors may step in appealing for donor funds to cover gaps in the provision of food assistance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1339, "Sentence":"In such situations, upon a request from a national Government, a peace operation or a UN RC, humanitarian actors may step in appealing for donor funds to cover gaps in the provision of food assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR situation upon request national government peace operation un rc humanitarian actor may step appealing donor fund cover gap provision food assistance ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.3 Participatory planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As with all parts of an integrated DDR process, the planning process for a food assistance component should involve, as far as possible, the participation of leaders of stakeholder groups (local Government; leaders of armed forces and groups; and representatives of civil society, communities, women\u2019s groups and vulnerable groups). This participatory approach enables a better understanding of the sociopolitical, gender and economic contexts in which the food assistance component of a DDR process will operate. It also allows for the identification of any possible protection risks to individuals or communities, and the risks of becoming caught up in conflict. Finally, a participatory approach can increase trust and social cohesion among groups and create consensus and raise awareness of the benefits offered and the procedures for receiving benefits. Representatives of communities, women\u2019s leaders and women\u2019s organizations, associations or informal groups should be meaningfully and equitably consulted.Although the extent to which any group participates should be decided on a case-by-case basis, even limited consultations, as long as they involve a variety of stakeholders, can improve the security of the food assistance component of a DDR process and increase the appropriateness of the assistance, distribution and monitoring. Such participation builds confidence among ex-combatant groups, improves the ability to meet the needs of vulnerable groups and helps strengthen links with the receiving community. Participants in the planning process should be specified in advance, as well as how these groups\/individuals will work together and what factors will aid or hinder the process.Food\/cash\/voucher distribution arrangements shall also be designed in consultation with women to avoid putting them at risk. In cases where rations are to be collected from distribution points, a participatory assessment shall take place to identify the best place, date and time for distribution in order to allow women and girls to collect the rations themselves and to avoid difficult and unsafe travel, for example in the dark. It shall also be determined whether special packaging is needed to make the collection and carrying of food rations by women easier.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1340, "Sentence":"As with all parts of an integrated DDR process, the planning process for a food assistance component should involve, as far as possible, the participation of leaders of stakeholder groups (local Government; leaders of armed forces and groups; and representatives of civil society, communities, women\u2019s groups and vulnerable groups).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR part integrated ddr process planning process food assistance component involve far possible participation leader stakeholder group local government leader armed force group representative civil society community woman \u2019 group vulnerable group ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.3 Participatory planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As with all parts of an integrated DDR process, the planning process for a food assistance component should involve, as far as possible, the participation of leaders of stakeholder groups (local Government; leaders of armed forces and groups; and representatives of civil society, communities, women\u2019s groups and vulnerable groups). This participatory approach enables a better understanding of the sociopolitical, gender and economic contexts in which the food assistance component of a DDR process will operate. It also allows for the identification of any possible protection risks to individuals or communities, and the risks of becoming caught up in conflict. Finally, a participatory approach can increase trust and social cohesion among groups and create consensus and raise awareness of the benefits offered and the procedures for receiving benefits. Representatives of communities, women\u2019s leaders and women\u2019s organizations, associations or informal groups should be meaningfully and equitably consulted.Although the extent to which any group participates should be decided on a case-by-case basis, even limited consultations, as long as they involve a variety of stakeholders, can improve the security of the food assistance component of a DDR process and increase the appropriateness of the assistance, distribution and monitoring. Such participation builds confidence among ex-combatant groups, improves the ability to meet the needs of vulnerable groups and helps strengthen links with the receiving community. Participants in the planning process should be specified in advance, as well as how these groups\/individuals will work together and what factors will aid or hinder the process.Food\/cash\/voucher distribution arrangements shall also be designed in consultation with women to avoid putting them at risk. In cases where rations are to be collected from distribution points, a participatory assessment shall take place to identify the best place, date and time for distribution in order to allow women and girls to collect the rations themselves and to avoid difficult and unsafe travel, for example in the dark. It shall also be determined whether special packaging is needed to make the collection and carrying of food rations by women easier.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1340, "Sentence":"This participatory approach enables a better understanding of the sociopolitical, gender and economic contexts in which the food assistance component of a DDR process will operate.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR participatory approach enables better understanding sociopolitical gender economic context food assistance component ddr process operate ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.3 Participatory planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As with all parts of an integrated DDR process, the planning process for a food assistance component should involve, as far as possible, the participation of leaders of stakeholder groups (local Government; leaders of armed forces and groups; and representatives of civil society, communities, women\u2019s groups and vulnerable groups). This participatory approach enables a better understanding of the sociopolitical, gender and economic contexts in which the food assistance component of a DDR process will operate. It also allows for the identification of any possible protection risks to individuals or communities, and the risks of becoming caught up in conflict. Finally, a participatory approach can increase trust and social cohesion among groups and create consensus and raise awareness of the benefits offered and the procedures for receiving benefits. Representatives of communities, women\u2019s leaders and women\u2019s organizations, associations or informal groups should be meaningfully and equitably consulted.Although the extent to which any group participates should be decided on a case-by-case basis, even limited consultations, as long as they involve a variety of stakeholders, can improve the security of the food assistance component of a DDR process and increase the appropriateness of the assistance, distribution and monitoring. Such participation builds confidence among ex-combatant groups, improves the ability to meet the needs of vulnerable groups and helps strengthen links with the receiving community. Participants in the planning process should be specified in advance, as well as how these groups\/individuals will work together and what factors will aid or hinder the process.Food\/cash\/voucher distribution arrangements shall also be designed in consultation with women to avoid putting them at risk. In cases where rations are to be collected from distribution points, a participatory assessment shall take place to identify the best place, date and time for distribution in order to allow women and girls to collect the rations themselves and to avoid difficult and unsafe travel, for example in the dark. It shall also be determined whether special packaging is needed to make the collection and carrying of food rations by women easier.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1340, "Sentence":"It also allows for the identification of any possible protection risks to individuals or communities, and the risks of becoming caught up in conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR also allows identification possible protection risk individual community risk becoming caught conflict ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.3 Participatory planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As with all parts of an integrated DDR process, the planning process for a food assistance component should involve, as far as possible, the participation of leaders of stakeholder groups (local Government; leaders of armed forces and groups; and representatives of civil society, communities, women\u2019s groups and vulnerable groups). This participatory approach enables a better understanding of the sociopolitical, gender and economic contexts in which the food assistance component of a DDR process will operate. It also allows for the identification of any possible protection risks to individuals or communities, and the risks of becoming caught up in conflict. Finally, a participatory approach can increase trust and social cohesion among groups and create consensus and raise awareness of the benefits offered and the procedures for receiving benefits. Representatives of communities, women\u2019s leaders and women\u2019s organizations, associations or informal groups should be meaningfully and equitably consulted.Although the extent to which any group participates should be decided on a case-by-case basis, even limited consultations, as long as they involve a variety of stakeholders, can improve the security of the food assistance component of a DDR process and increase the appropriateness of the assistance, distribution and monitoring. Such participation builds confidence among ex-combatant groups, improves the ability to meet the needs of vulnerable groups and helps strengthen links with the receiving community. Participants in the planning process should be specified in advance, as well as how these groups\/individuals will work together and what factors will aid or hinder the process.Food\/cash\/voucher distribution arrangements shall also be designed in consultation with women to avoid putting them at risk. In cases where rations are to be collected from distribution points, a participatory assessment shall take place to identify the best place, date and time for distribution in order to allow women and girls to collect the rations themselves and to avoid difficult and unsafe travel, for example in the dark. It shall also be determined whether special packaging is needed to make the collection and carrying of food rations by women easier.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1340, "Sentence":"Finally, a participatory approach can increase trust and social cohesion among groups and create consensus and raise awareness of the benefits offered and the procedures for receiving benefits.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR finally participatory approach increase trust social cohesion among group create consensus raise awareness benefit offered procedure receiving benefit ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.3 Participatory planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As with all parts of an integrated DDR process, the planning process for a food assistance component should involve, as far as possible, the participation of leaders of stakeholder groups (local Government; leaders of armed forces and groups; and representatives of civil society, communities, women\u2019s groups and vulnerable groups). This participatory approach enables a better understanding of the sociopolitical, gender and economic contexts in which the food assistance component of a DDR process will operate. It also allows for the identification of any possible protection risks to individuals or communities, and the risks of becoming caught up in conflict. Finally, a participatory approach can increase trust and social cohesion among groups and create consensus and raise awareness of the benefits offered and the procedures for receiving benefits. Representatives of communities, women\u2019s leaders and women\u2019s organizations, associations or informal groups should be meaningfully and equitably consulted.Although the extent to which any group participates should be decided on a case-by-case basis, even limited consultations, as long as they involve a variety of stakeholders, can improve the security of the food assistance component of a DDR process and increase the appropriateness of the assistance, distribution and monitoring. Such participation builds confidence among ex-combatant groups, improves the ability to meet the needs of vulnerable groups and helps strengthen links with the receiving community. Participants in the planning process should be specified in advance, as well as how these groups\/individuals will work together and what factors will aid or hinder the process.Food\/cash\/voucher distribution arrangements shall also be designed in consultation with women to avoid putting them at risk. In cases where rations are to be collected from distribution points, a participatory assessment shall take place to identify the best place, date and time for distribution in order to allow women and girls to collect the rations themselves and to avoid difficult and unsafe travel, for example in the dark. It shall also be determined whether special packaging is needed to make the collection and carrying of food rations by women easier.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1340, "Sentence":"Representatives of communities, women\u2019s leaders and women\u2019s organizations, associations or informal groups should be meaningfully and equitably consulted.Although the extent to which any group participates should be decided on a case-by-case basis, even limited consultations, as long as they involve a variety of stakeholders, can improve the security of the food assistance component of a DDR process and increase the appropriateness of the assistance, distribution and monitoring.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR representative community woman \u2019 leader woman \u2019 organization association informal group meaningfully equitably consulted.although extent group participates decided casebycase basis even limited consultation long involve variety stakeholder improve security food assistance component ddr process increase appropriateness assistance distribution monitoring ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.3 Participatory planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As with all parts of an integrated DDR process, the planning process for a food assistance component should involve, as far as possible, the participation of leaders of stakeholder groups (local Government; leaders of armed forces and groups; and representatives of civil society, communities, women\u2019s groups and vulnerable groups). This participatory approach enables a better understanding of the sociopolitical, gender and economic contexts in which the food assistance component of a DDR process will operate. It also allows for the identification of any possible protection risks to individuals or communities, and the risks of becoming caught up in conflict. Finally, a participatory approach can increase trust and social cohesion among groups and create consensus and raise awareness of the benefits offered and the procedures for receiving benefits. Representatives of communities, women\u2019s leaders and women\u2019s organizations, associations or informal groups should be meaningfully and equitably consulted.Although the extent to which any group participates should be decided on a case-by-case basis, even limited consultations, as long as they involve a variety of stakeholders, can improve the security of the food assistance component of a DDR process and increase the appropriateness of the assistance, distribution and monitoring. Such participation builds confidence among ex-combatant groups, improves the ability to meet the needs of vulnerable groups and helps strengthen links with the receiving community. Participants in the planning process should be specified in advance, as well as how these groups\/individuals will work together and what factors will aid or hinder the process.Food\/cash\/voucher distribution arrangements shall also be designed in consultation with women to avoid putting them at risk. In cases where rations are to be collected from distribution points, a participatory assessment shall take place to identify the best place, date and time for distribution in order to allow women and girls to collect the rations themselves and to avoid difficult and unsafe travel, for example in the dark. It shall also be determined whether special packaging is needed to make the collection and carrying of food rations by women easier.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1340, "Sentence":"Such participation builds confidence among ex-combatant groups, improves the ability to meet the needs of vulnerable groups and helps strengthen links with the receiving community.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR participation build confidence among excombatant group improves ability meet need vulnerable group help strengthen link receiving community ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.3 Participatory planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As with all parts of an integrated DDR process, the planning process for a food assistance component should involve, as far as possible, the participation of leaders of stakeholder groups (local Government; leaders of armed forces and groups; and representatives of civil society, communities, women\u2019s groups and vulnerable groups). This participatory approach enables a better understanding of the sociopolitical, gender and economic contexts in which the food assistance component of a DDR process will operate. It also allows for the identification of any possible protection risks to individuals or communities, and the risks of becoming caught up in conflict. Finally, a participatory approach can increase trust and social cohesion among groups and create consensus and raise awareness of the benefits offered and the procedures for receiving benefits. Representatives of communities, women\u2019s leaders and women\u2019s organizations, associations or informal groups should be meaningfully and equitably consulted.Although the extent to which any group participates should be decided on a case-by-case basis, even limited consultations, as long as they involve a variety of stakeholders, can improve the security of the food assistance component of a DDR process and increase the appropriateness of the assistance, distribution and monitoring. Such participation builds confidence among ex-combatant groups, improves the ability to meet the needs of vulnerable groups and helps strengthen links with the receiving community. Participants in the planning process should be specified in advance, as well as how these groups\/individuals will work together and what factors will aid or hinder the process.Food\/cash\/voucher distribution arrangements shall also be designed in consultation with women to avoid putting them at risk. In cases where rations are to be collected from distribution points, a participatory assessment shall take place to identify the best place, date and time for distribution in order to allow women and girls to collect the rations themselves and to avoid difficult and unsafe travel, for example in the dark. It shall also be determined whether special packaging is needed to make the collection and carrying of food rations by women easier.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1340, "Sentence":"Participants in the planning process should be specified in advance, as well as how these groups\/individuals will work together and what factors will aid or hinder the process.Food\/cash\/voucher distribution arrangements shall also be designed in consultation with women to avoid putting them at risk.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR participant planning process specified advance well groups\/individuals work together factor aid hinder process.food\/cash\/voucher distribution arrangement shall also designed consultation woman avoid putting risk ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.3 Participatory planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As with all parts of an integrated DDR process, the planning process for a food assistance component should involve, as far as possible, the participation of leaders of stakeholder groups (local Government; leaders of armed forces and groups; and representatives of civil society, communities, women\u2019s groups and vulnerable groups). This participatory approach enables a better understanding of the sociopolitical, gender and economic contexts in which the food assistance component of a DDR process will operate. It also allows for the identification of any possible protection risks to individuals or communities, and the risks of becoming caught up in conflict. Finally, a participatory approach can increase trust and social cohesion among groups and create consensus and raise awareness of the benefits offered and the procedures for receiving benefits. Representatives of communities, women\u2019s leaders and women\u2019s organizations, associations or informal groups should be meaningfully and equitably consulted.Although the extent to which any group participates should be decided on a case-by-case basis, even limited consultations, as long as they involve a variety of stakeholders, can improve the security of the food assistance component of a DDR process and increase the appropriateness of the assistance, distribution and monitoring. Such participation builds confidence among ex-combatant groups, improves the ability to meet the needs of vulnerable groups and helps strengthen links with the receiving community. Participants in the planning process should be specified in advance, as well as how these groups\/individuals will work together and what factors will aid or hinder the process.Food\/cash\/voucher distribution arrangements shall also be designed in consultation with women to avoid putting them at risk. In cases where rations are to be collected from distribution points, a participatory assessment shall take place to identify the best place, date and time for distribution in order to allow women and girls to collect the rations themselves and to avoid difficult and unsafe travel, for example in the dark. It shall also be determined whether special packaging is needed to make the collection and carrying of food rations by women easier.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1340, "Sentence":"In cases where rations are to be collected from distribution points, a participatory assessment shall take place to identify the best place, date and time for distribution in order to allow women and girls to collect the rations themselves and to avoid difficult and unsafe travel, for example in the dark.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR case ration collected distribution point participatory assessment shall take place identify best place date time distribution order allow woman girl collect ration avoid difficult unsafe travel example dark ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.3 Participatory planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"As with all parts of an integrated DDR process, the planning process for a food assistance component should involve, as far as possible, the participation of leaders of stakeholder groups (local Government; leaders of armed forces and groups; and representatives of civil society, communities, women\u2019s groups and vulnerable groups). This participatory approach enables a better understanding of the sociopolitical, gender and economic contexts in which the food assistance component of a DDR process will operate. It also allows for the identification of any possible protection risks to individuals or communities, and the risks of becoming caught up in conflict. Finally, a participatory approach can increase trust and social cohesion among groups and create consensus and raise awareness of the benefits offered and the procedures for receiving benefits. Representatives of communities, women\u2019s leaders and women\u2019s organizations, associations or informal groups should be meaningfully and equitably consulted.Although the extent to which any group participates should be decided on a case-by-case basis, even limited consultations, as long as they involve a variety of stakeholders, can improve the security of the food assistance component of a DDR process and increase the appropriateness of the assistance, distribution and monitoring. Such participation builds confidence among ex-combatant groups, improves the ability to meet the needs of vulnerable groups and helps strengthen links with the receiving community. Participants in the planning process should be specified in advance, as well as how these groups\/individuals will work together and what factors will aid or hinder the process.Food\/cash\/voucher distribution arrangements shall also be designed in consultation with women to avoid putting them at risk. In cases where rations are to be collected from distribution points, a participatory assessment shall take place to identify the best place, date and time for distribution in order to allow women and girls to collect the rations themselves and to avoid difficult and unsafe travel, for example in the dark. It shall also be determined whether special packaging is needed to make the collection and carrying of food rations by women easier.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1340, "Sentence":"It shall also be determined whether special packaging is needed to make the collection and carrying of food rations by women easier.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR shall also determined whether special packaging needed make collection carrying food ration woman easier ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.4 Resources and funding", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Once food assistance requirements have been identified, the lead food agency should take part in the drawing up of budget proposals. The food assistance component of a DDR process is often funded as part of the wider strategy of assistance and recovery, although the costs of a DDR food assistance component will depend largely on the resources and organizational capacity already in place in a given context. In both mission and non-mission contexts, food assistance in support of a DDR process shall not be implemented in the absence of adequate resources and capacity, including human, financial and logistic resources from donor contributions and\/or the UN peacekeeping assessed budget. In mission contexts, the UN peacekeeping assessed budget should be available to support food assistance costs and should be designed to take into account unexpected adjustments to the length of the food assistance component, delays, and other changes that require sufficient and flexible funding.Owing to the potential for unexpected changes, maintaining a well-resourced pipeline is essential. DDR processes are often time-sensitive and volatile, and food\/CBTs shall be available for pre-positioning, distribution and\/or timely disbursement to avoid the risks caused by delays. The pipeline shall have enough resources not only to meet the needs of the present situation, but also to meet the needs of other possible circumstances outlined in contingency plans.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1341, "Sentence":"Once food assistance requirements have been identified, the lead food agency should take part in the drawing up of budget proposals.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance requirement identified lead food agency take part drawing budget proposal ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.4 Resources and funding", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Once food assistance requirements have been identified, the lead food agency should take part in the drawing up of budget proposals. The food assistance component of a DDR process is often funded as part of the wider strategy of assistance and recovery, although the costs of a DDR food assistance component will depend largely on the resources and organizational capacity already in place in a given context. In both mission and non-mission contexts, food assistance in support of a DDR process shall not be implemented in the absence of adequate resources and capacity, including human, financial and logistic resources from donor contributions and\/or the UN peacekeeping assessed budget. In mission contexts, the UN peacekeeping assessed budget should be available to support food assistance costs and should be designed to take into account unexpected adjustments to the length of the food assistance component, delays, and other changes that require sufficient and flexible funding.Owing to the potential for unexpected changes, maintaining a well-resourced pipeline is essential. DDR processes are often time-sensitive and volatile, and food\/CBTs shall be available for pre-positioning, distribution and\/or timely disbursement to avoid the risks caused by delays. The pipeline shall have enough resources not only to meet the needs of the present situation, but also to meet the needs of other possible circumstances outlined in contingency plans.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1341, "Sentence":"The food assistance component of a DDR process is often funded as part of the wider strategy of assistance and recovery, although the costs of a DDR food assistance component will depend largely on the resources and organizational capacity already in place in a given context.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance component ddr process often funded part wider strategy assistance recovery although cost ddr food assistance component depend largely resource organizational capacity already place given context ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.4 Resources and funding", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Once food assistance requirements have been identified, the lead food agency should take part in the drawing up of budget proposals. The food assistance component of a DDR process is often funded as part of the wider strategy of assistance and recovery, although the costs of a DDR food assistance component will depend largely on the resources and organizational capacity already in place in a given context. In both mission and non-mission contexts, food assistance in support of a DDR process shall not be implemented in the absence of adequate resources and capacity, including human, financial and logistic resources from donor contributions and\/or the UN peacekeeping assessed budget. In mission contexts, the UN peacekeeping assessed budget should be available to support food assistance costs and should be designed to take into account unexpected adjustments to the length of the food assistance component, delays, and other changes that require sufficient and flexible funding.Owing to the potential for unexpected changes, maintaining a well-resourced pipeline is essential. DDR processes are often time-sensitive and volatile, and food\/CBTs shall be available for pre-positioning, distribution and\/or timely disbursement to avoid the risks caused by delays. The pipeline shall have enough resources not only to meet the needs of the present situation, but also to meet the needs of other possible circumstances outlined in contingency plans.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1341, "Sentence":"In both mission and non-mission contexts, food assistance in support of a DDR process shall not be implemented in the absence of adequate resources and capacity, including human, financial and logistic resources from donor contributions and\/or the UN peacekeeping assessed budget.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR mission nonmission context food assistance support ddr process shall implemented absence adequate resource capacity including human financial logistic resource donor contribution and\/or un peacekeeping assessed budget ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.4 Resources and funding", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Once food assistance requirements have been identified, the lead food agency should take part in the drawing up of budget proposals. The food assistance component of a DDR process is often funded as part of the wider strategy of assistance and recovery, although the costs of a DDR food assistance component will depend largely on the resources and organizational capacity already in place in a given context. In both mission and non-mission contexts, food assistance in support of a DDR process shall not be implemented in the absence of adequate resources and capacity, including human, financial and logistic resources from donor contributions and\/or the UN peacekeeping assessed budget. In mission contexts, the UN peacekeeping assessed budget should be available to support food assistance costs and should be designed to take into account unexpected adjustments to the length of the food assistance component, delays, and other changes that require sufficient and flexible funding.Owing to the potential for unexpected changes, maintaining a well-resourced pipeline is essential. DDR processes are often time-sensitive and volatile, and food\/CBTs shall be available for pre-positioning, distribution and\/or timely disbursement to avoid the risks caused by delays. The pipeline shall have enough resources not only to meet the needs of the present situation, but also to meet the needs of other possible circumstances outlined in contingency plans.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1341, "Sentence":"In mission contexts, the UN peacekeeping assessed budget should be available to support food assistance costs and should be designed to take into account unexpected adjustments to the length of the food assistance component, delays, and other changes that require sufficient and flexible funding.Owing to the potential for unexpected changes, maintaining a well-resourced pipeline is essential.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR mission context un peacekeeping assessed budget available support food assistance cost designed take account unexpected adjustment length food assistance component delay change require sufficient flexible funding.owing potential unexpected change maintaining wellresourced pipeline essential ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.4 Resources and funding", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Once food assistance requirements have been identified, the lead food agency should take part in the drawing up of budget proposals. The food assistance component of a DDR process is often funded as part of the wider strategy of assistance and recovery, although the costs of a DDR food assistance component will depend largely on the resources and organizational capacity already in place in a given context. In both mission and non-mission contexts, food assistance in support of a DDR process shall not be implemented in the absence of adequate resources and capacity, including human, financial and logistic resources from donor contributions and\/or the UN peacekeeping assessed budget. In mission contexts, the UN peacekeeping assessed budget should be available to support food assistance costs and should be designed to take into account unexpected adjustments to the length of the food assistance component, delays, and other changes that require sufficient and flexible funding.Owing to the potential for unexpected changes, maintaining a well-resourced pipeline is essential. DDR processes are often time-sensitive and volatile, and food\/CBTs shall be available for pre-positioning, distribution and\/or timely disbursement to avoid the risks caused by delays. The pipeline shall have enough resources not only to meet the needs of the present situation, but also to meet the needs of other possible circumstances outlined in contingency plans.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1341, "Sentence":"DDR processes are often time-sensitive and volatile, and food\/CBTs shall be available for pre-positioning, distribution and\/or timely disbursement to avoid the risks caused by delays.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR ddr process often timesensitive volatile food\/cbts shall available prepositioning distribution and\/or timely disbursement avoid risk caused delay ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.4 Resources and funding", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Once food assistance requirements have been identified, the lead food agency should take part in the drawing up of budget proposals. The food assistance component of a DDR process is often funded as part of the wider strategy of assistance and recovery, although the costs of a DDR food assistance component will depend largely on the resources and organizational capacity already in place in a given context. In both mission and non-mission contexts, food assistance in support of a DDR process shall not be implemented in the absence of adequate resources and capacity, including human, financial and logistic resources from donor contributions and\/or the UN peacekeeping assessed budget. In mission contexts, the UN peacekeeping assessed budget should be available to support food assistance costs and should be designed to take into account unexpected adjustments to the length of the food assistance component, delays, and other changes that require sufficient and flexible funding.Owing to the potential for unexpected changes, maintaining a well-resourced pipeline is essential. DDR processes are often time-sensitive and volatile, and food\/CBTs shall be available for pre-positioning, distribution and\/or timely disbursement to avoid the risks caused by delays. The pipeline shall have enough resources not only to meet the needs of the present situation, but also to meet the needs of other possible circumstances outlined in contingency plans.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1341, "Sentence":"The pipeline shall have enough resources not only to meet the needs of the present situation, but also to meet the needs of other possible circumstances outlined in contingency plans.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR pipeline shall enough resource meet need present situation also meet need possible circumstance outlined contingency plan ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.5 Transfer modality selection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Some transfer modalities will more effectively contribute to food assistance objectives than others, depending on the specific circumstances of each intervention. CBTs provide people with money while in-kind food transfers include the distribution of commodities. Vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - can be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers can be value- based i.e., provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount. They may also be commodity- based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods. In some situations, combinations of transfer modalities may also prove most effective. For example, half of the transfer could be delivered in cash and the other half in-kind. Another alternative is the distribution of cash and food transfers by season, with food provided in the lean season and cash immediately after the harvest.Before deciding on the transfer modality for the food assistance component of a DDR process, an analysis shall be conducted to determine the appropriate transfer modality in a given context, and how this food component complements other transitional DDR support. At a minimum, the analysis should take into account factors linked to context, feasibility, market functioning, targeting, conditionality, women\u2019s preferences, duration, effectiveness towards objectives and cost-efficiency, as well as \u2018safety and dignity\u2019 (see Figure 1). This can be done for the food assistance component alone or for a multipurpose transfer to meet the essential needs of the targeted population. Particular care shall be taken to select an appropriate transfer modality when food assistance is provided during ongoing conflict. This is because armed groups can attempt to steal cash and food during the time that this assistance is being transported or stored.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1342, "Sentence":"Some transfer modalities will more effectively contribute to food assistance objectives than others, depending on the specific circumstances of each intervention.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR transfer modality effectively contribute food assistance objective others depending specific circumstance intervention ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.5 Transfer modality selection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Some transfer modalities will more effectively contribute to food assistance objectives than others, depending on the specific circumstances of each intervention. CBTs provide people with money while in-kind food transfers include the distribution of commodities. Vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - can be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers can be value- based i.e., provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount. They may also be commodity- based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods. In some situations, combinations of transfer modalities may also prove most effective. For example, half of the transfer could be delivered in cash and the other half in-kind. Another alternative is the distribution of cash and food transfers by season, with food provided in the lean season and cash immediately after the harvest.Before deciding on the transfer modality for the food assistance component of a DDR process, an analysis shall be conducted to determine the appropriate transfer modality in a given context, and how this food component complements other transitional DDR support. At a minimum, the analysis should take into account factors linked to context, feasibility, market functioning, targeting, conditionality, women\u2019s preferences, duration, effectiveness towards objectives and cost-efficiency, as well as \u2018safety and dignity\u2019 (see Figure 1). This can be done for the food assistance component alone or for a multipurpose transfer to meet the essential needs of the targeted population. Particular care shall be taken to select an appropriate transfer modality when food assistance is provided during ongoing conflict. This is because armed groups can attempt to steal cash and food during the time that this assistance is being transported or stored.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1342, "Sentence":"CBTs provide people with money while in-kind food transfers include the distribution of commodities.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR cbts provide people money inkind food transfer include distribution commodity ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.5 Transfer modality selection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Some transfer modalities will more effectively contribute to food assistance objectives than others, depending on the specific circumstances of each intervention. CBTs provide people with money while in-kind food transfers include the distribution of commodities. Vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - can be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers can be value- based i.e., provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount. They may also be commodity- based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods. In some situations, combinations of transfer modalities may also prove most effective. For example, half of the transfer could be delivered in cash and the other half in-kind. Another alternative is the distribution of cash and food transfers by season, with food provided in the lean season and cash immediately after the harvest.Before deciding on the transfer modality for the food assistance component of a DDR process, an analysis shall be conducted to determine the appropriate transfer modality in a given context, and how this food component complements other transitional DDR support. At a minimum, the analysis should take into account factors linked to context, feasibility, market functioning, targeting, conditionality, women\u2019s preferences, duration, effectiveness towards objectives and cost-efficiency, as well as \u2018safety and dignity\u2019 (see Figure 1). This can be done for the food assistance component alone or for a multipurpose transfer to meet the essential needs of the targeted population. Particular care shall be taken to select an appropriate transfer modality when food assistance is provided during ongoing conflict. This is because armed groups can attempt to steal cash and food during the time that this assistance is being transported or stored.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1342, "Sentence":"Vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - can be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR voucher \u2013 also known gift card stamp used predetermined location including selected shop ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.5 Transfer modality selection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Some transfer modalities will more effectively contribute to food assistance objectives than others, depending on the specific circumstances of each intervention. CBTs provide people with money while in-kind food transfers include the distribution of commodities. Vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - can be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers can be value- based i.e., provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount. They may also be commodity- based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods. In some situations, combinations of transfer modalities may also prove most effective. For example, half of the transfer could be delivered in cash and the other half in-kind. Another alternative is the distribution of cash and food transfers by season, with food provided in the lean season and cash immediately after the harvest.Before deciding on the transfer modality for the food assistance component of a DDR process, an analysis shall be conducted to determine the appropriate transfer modality in a given context, and how this food component complements other transitional DDR support. At a minimum, the analysis should take into account factors linked to context, feasibility, market functioning, targeting, conditionality, women\u2019s preferences, duration, effectiveness towards objectives and cost-efficiency, as well as \u2018safety and dignity\u2019 (see Figure 1). This can be done for the food assistance component alone or for a multipurpose transfer to meet the essential needs of the targeted population. Particular care shall be taken to select an appropriate transfer modality when food assistance is provided during ongoing conflict. This is because armed groups can attempt to steal cash and food during the time that this assistance is being transported or stored.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1342, "Sentence":"Vouchers can be value- based i.e., provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR voucher value based i.e . provide access commodity given monetary amount ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.5 Transfer modality selection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Some transfer modalities will more effectively contribute to food assistance objectives than others, depending on the specific circumstances of each intervention. CBTs provide people with money while in-kind food transfers include the distribution of commodities. Vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - can be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers can be value- based i.e., provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount. They may also be commodity- based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods. In some situations, combinations of transfer modalities may also prove most effective. For example, half of the transfer could be delivered in cash and the other half in-kind. Another alternative is the distribution of cash and food transfers by season, with food provided in the lean season and cash immediately after the harvest.Before deciding on the transfer modality for the food assistance component of a DDR process, an analysis shall be conducted to determine the appropriate transfer modality in a given context, and how this food component complements other transitional DDR support. At a minimum, the analysis should take into account factors linked to context, feasibility, market functioning, targeting, conditionality, women\u2019s preferences, duration, effectiveness towards objectives and cost-efficiency, as well as \u2018safety and dignity\u2019 (see Figure 1). This can be done for the food assistance component alone or for a multipurpose transfer to meet the essential needs of the targeted population. Particular care shall be taken to select an appropriate transfer modality when food assistance is provided during ongoing conflict. This is because armed groups can attempt to steal cash and food during the time that this assistance is being transported or stored.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1342, "Sentence":"They may also be commodity- based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR may also commodity based i.e . tied predefined quantity given food ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.5 Transfer modality selection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Some transfer modalities will more effectively contribute to food assistance objectives than others, depending on the specific circumstances of each intervention. CBTs provide people with money while in-kind food transfers include the distribution of commodities. Vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - can be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers can be value- based i.e., provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount. They may also be commodity- based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods. In some situations, combinations of transfer modalities may also prove most effective. For example, half of the transfer could be delivered in cash and the other half in-kind. Another alternative is the distribution of cash and food transfers by season, with food provided in the lean season and cash immediately after the harvest.Before deciding on the transfer modality for the food assistance component of a DDR process, an analysis shall be conducted to determine the appropriate transfer modality in a given context, and how this food component complements other transitional DDR support. At a minimum, the analysis should take into account factors linked to context, feasibility, market functioning, targeting, conditionality, women\u2019s preferences, duration, effectiveness towards objectives and cost-efficiency, as well as \u2018safety and dignity\u2019 (see Figure 1). This can be done for the food assistance component alone or for a multipurpose transfer to meet the essential needs of the targeted population. Particular care shall be taken to select an appropriate transfer modality when food assistance is provided during ongoing conflict. This is because armed groups can attempt to steal cash and food during the time that this assistance is being transported or stored.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1342, "Sentence":"In some situations, combinations of transfer modalities may also prove most effective.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR situation combination transfer modality may also prove effective ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.5 Transfer modality selection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Some transfer modalities will more effectively contribute to food assistance objectives than others, depending on the specific circumstances of each intervention. CBTs provide people with money while in-kind food transfers include the distribution of commodities. Vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - can be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers can be value- based i.e., provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount. They may also be commodity- based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods. In some situations, combinations of transfer modalities may also prove most effective. For example, half of the transfer could be delivered in cash and the other half in-kind. Another alternative is the distribution of cash and food transfers by season, with food provided in the lean season and cash immediately after the harvest.Before deciding on the transfer modality for the food assistance component of a DDR process, an analysis shall be conducted to determine the appropriate transfer modality in a given context, and how this food component complements other transitional DDR support. At a minimum, the analysis should take into account factors linked to context, feasibility, market functioning, targeting, conditionality, women\u2019s preferences, duration, effectiveness towards objectives and cost-efficiency, as well as \u2018safety and dignity\u2019 (see Figure 1). This can be done for the food assistance component alone or for a multipurpose transfer to meet the essential needs of the targeted population. Particular care shall be taken to select an appropriate transfer modality when food assistance is provided during ongoing conflict. This is because armed groups can attempt to steal cash and food during the time that this assistance is being transported or stored.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1342, "Sentence":"For example, half of the transfer could be delivered in cash and the other half in-kind.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR example half transfer could delivered cash half inkind ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.5 Transfer modality selection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Some transfer modalities will more effectively contribute to food assistance objectives than others, depending on the specific circumstances of each intervention. CBTs provide people with money while in-kind food transfers include the distribution of commodities. Vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - can be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers can be value- based i.e., provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount. They may also be commodity- based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods. In some situations, combinations of transfer modalities may also prove most effective. For example, half of the transfer could be delivered in cash and the other half in-kind. Another alternative is the distribution of cash and food transfers by season, with food provided in the lean season and cash immediately after the harvest.Before deciding on the transfer modality for the food assistance component of a DDR process, an analysis shall be conducted to determine the appropriate transfer modality in a given context, and how this food component complements other transitional DDR support. At a minimum, the analysis should take into account factors linked to context, feasibility, market functioning, targeting, conditionality, women\u2019s preferences, duration, effectiveness towards objectives and cost-efficiency, as well as \u2018safety and dignity\u2019 (see Figure 1). This can be done for the food assistance component alone or for a multipurpose transfer to meet the essential needs of the targeted population. Particular care shall be taken to select an appropriate transfer modality when food assistance is provided during ongoing conflict. This is because armed groups can attempt to steal cash and food during the time that this assistance is being transported or stored.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1342, "Sentence":"Another alternative is the distribution of cash and food transfers by season, with food provided in the lean season and cash immediately after the harvest.Before deciding on the transfer modality for the food assistance component of a DDR process, an analysis shall be conducted to determine the appropriate transfer modality in a given context, and how this food component complements other transitional DDR support.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR another alternative distribution cash food transfer season food provided lean season cash immediately harvest.before deciding transfer modality food assistance component ddr process analysis shall conducted determine appropriate transfer modality given context food component complement transitional ddr support ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.5 Transfer modality selection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Some transfer modalities will more effectively contribute to food assistance objectives than others, depending on the specific circumstances of each intervention. CBTs provide people with money while in-kind food transfers include the distribution of commodities. Vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - can be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers can be value- based i.e., provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount. They may also be commodity- based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods. In some situations, combinations of transfer modalities may also prove most effective. For example, half of the transfer could be delivered in cash and the other half in-kind. Another alternative is the distribution of cash and food transfers by season, with food provided in the lean season and cash immediately after the harvest.Before deciding on the transfer modality for the food assistance component of a DDR process, an analysis shall be conducted to determine the appropriate transfer modality in a given context, and how this food component complements other transitional DDR support. At a minimum, the analysis should take into account factors linked to context, feasibility, market functioning, targeting, conditionality, women\u2019s preferences, duration, effectiveness towards objectives and cost-efficiency, as well as \u2018safety and dignity\u2019 (see Figure 1). This can be done for the food assistance component alone or for a multipurpose transfer to meet the essential needs of the targeted population. Particular care shall be taken to select an appropriate transfer modality when food assistance is provided during ongoing conflict. This is because armed groups can attempt to steal cash and food during the time that this assistance is being transported or stored.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1342, "Sentence":"At a minimum, the analysis should take into account factors linked to context, feasibility, market functioning, targeting, conditionality, women\u2019s preferences, duration, effectiveness towards objectives and cost-efficiency, as well as \u2018safety and dignity\u2019 (see Figure 1).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR minimum analysis take account factor linked context feasibility market functioning targeting conditionality woman \u2019 preference duration effectiveness towards objective costefficiency well \u2018 safety dignity \u2019 see figure 1 ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.5 Transfer modality selection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Some transfer modalities will more effectively contribute to food assistance objectives than others, depending on the specific circumstances of each intervention. CBTs provide people with money while in-kind food transfers include the distribution of commodities. Vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - can be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers can be value- based i.e., provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount. They may also be commodity- based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods. In some situations, combinations of transfer modalities may also prove most effective. For example, half of the transfer could be delivered in cash and the other half in-kind. Another alternative is the distribution of cash and food transfers by season, with food provided in the lean season and cash immediately after the harvest.Before deciding on the transfer modality for the food assistance component of a DDR process, an analysis shall be conducted to determine the appropriate transfer modality in a given context, and how this food component complements other transitional DDR support. At a minimum, the analysis should take into account factors linked to context, feasibility, market functioning, targeting, conditionality, women\u2019s preferences, duration, effectiveness towards objectives and cost-efficiency, as well as \u2018safety and dignity\u2019 (see Figure 1). This can be done for the food assistance component alone or for a multipurpose transfer to meet the essential needs of the targeted population. Particular care shall be taken to select an appropriate transfer modality when food assistance is provided during ongoing conflict. This is because armed groups can attempt to steal cash and food during the time that this assistance is being transported or stored.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1342, "Sentence":"This can be done for the food assistance component alone or for a multipurpose transfer to meet the essential needs of the targeted population.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR done food assistance component alone multipurpose transfer meet essential need targeted population ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.5 Transfer modality selection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Some transfer modalities will more effectively contribute to food assistance objectives than others, depending on the specific circumstances of each intervention. CBTs provide people with money while in-kind food transfers include the distribution of commodities. Vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - can be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers can be value- based i.e., provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount. They may also be commodity- based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods. In some situations, combinations of transfer modalities may also prove most effective. For example, half of the transfer could be delivered in cash and the other half in-kind. Another alternative is the distribution of cash and food transfers by season, with food provided in the lean season and cash immediately after the harvest.Before deciding on the transfer modality for the food assistance component of a DDR process, an analysis shall be conducted to determine the appropriate transfer modality in a given context, and how this food component complements other transitional DDR support. At a minimum, the analysis should take into account factors linked to context, feasibility, market functioning, targeting, conditionality, women\u2019s preferences, duration, effectiveness towards objectives and cost-efficiency, as well as \u2018safety and dignity\u2019 (see Figure 1). This can be done for the food assistance component alone or for a multipurpose transfer to meet the essential needs of the targeted population. Particular care shall be taken to select an appropriate transfer modality when food assistance is provided during ongoing conflict. This is because armed groups can attempt to steal cash and food during the time that this assistance is being transported or stored.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1342, "Sentence":"Particular care shall be taken to select an appropriate transfer modality when food assistance is provided during ongoing conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR particular care shall taken select appropriate transfer modality food assistance provided ongoing conflict ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.5 Transfer modality selection", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Some transfer modalities will more effectively contribute to food assistance objectives than others, depending on the specific circumstances of each intervention. CBTs provide people with money while in-kind food transfers include the distribution of commodities. Vouchers \u2013 also known as gift cards or stamps - can be used in predetermined locations, including selected shops. Vouchers can be value- based i.e., provide access to commodities for a given monetary amount. They may also be commodity- based i.e., tied to a predefined quantity of given foods. In some situations, combinations of transfer modalities may also prove most effective. For example, half of the transfer could be delivered in cash and the other half in-kind. Another alternative is the distribution of cash and food transfers by season, with food provided in the lean season and cash immediately after the harvest.Before deciding on the transfer modality for the food assistance component of a DDR process, an analysis shall be conducted to determine the appropriate transfer modality in a given context, and how this food component complements other transitional DDR support. At a minimum, the analysis should take into account factors linked to context, feasibility, market functioning, targeting, conditionality, women\u2019s preferences, duration, effectiveness towards objectives and cost-efficiency, as well as \u2018safety and dignity\u2019 (see Figure 1). This can be done for the food assistance component alone or for a multipurpose transfer to meet the essential needs of the targeted population. Particular care shall be taken to select an appropriate transfer modality when food assistance is provided during ongoing conflict. This is because armed groups can attempt to steal cash and food during the time that this assistance is being transported or stored.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1342, "Sentence":"This is because armed groups can attempt to steal cash and food during the time that this assistance is being transported or stored.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR armed group attempt steal cash food time assistance transported stored ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.1 Logistics strategy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The primary logistical goal of the food assistance component of a DDR process is to deliver food supplies to the right place, at the right time and cost, in good condition and with no loss. The main elements of a logistics strategy should include: \\n Port(s) of entry \u2013 identifying the most appropriate unloading port with the best location, capacity and costs; \\n Identifying the location for\/of the warehouses in transit and recipient countries; \\n Identifying logistics corridors\/routes and means of transport. The logistics strategy should plan for the following: \\n Organizing transport; \\n Setting up and managing warehouses; \\n Identifying additional needs; \\n Special operations; \\n Recommended logistic arrangements; \\n Cost analysis.The logistics strategy should be based on the logistics capacity assessment, which gives a detailed overview of the logistics infrastructure in the relevant country. Once the agencies and partners in the DDR process have been identified, an assessment of their logistics capacity is prepared through consultations, in order to develop the logistics strategy.Agreements signed by all the organizations and agencies concerned provide the basis for logistics planning. All partners shall formally define their logistics roles and responsibilities, including the reporting and financial obligations of each. Every agreement must deal with logistics issues and clearly define the logistics responsibilities of all participating partners. The assessments of partners\u2019 capacities and structures carried out during the preparation phase shall provide the basis for agreements and eventually be reflected in them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1343, "Sentence":"The primary logistical goal of the food assistance component of a DDR process is to deliver food supplies to the right place, at the right time and cost, in good condition and with no loss.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR primary logistical goal food assistance component ddr process deliver food supply right place right time cost good condition loss ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.1 Logistics strategy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The primary logistical goal of the food assistance component of a DDR process is to deliver food supplies to the right place, at the right time and cost, in good condition and with no loss. The main elements of a logistics strategy should include: \\n Port(s) of entry \u2013 identifying the most appropriate unloading port with the best location, capacity and costs; \\n Identifying the location for\/of the warehouses in transit and recipient countries; \\n Identifying logistics corridors\/routes and means of transport. The logistics strategy should plan for the following: \\n Organizing transport; \\n Setting up and managing warehouses; \\n Identifying additional needs; \\n Special operations; \\n Recommended logistic arrangements; \\n Cost analysis.The logistics strategy should be based on the logistics capacity assessment, which gives a detailed overview of the logistics infrastructure in the relevant country. Once the agencies and partners in the DDR process have been identified, an assessment of their logistics capacity is prepared through consultations, in order to develop the logistics strategy.Agreements signed by all the organizations and agencies concerned provide the basis for logistics planning. All partners shall formally define their logistics roles and responsibilities, including the reporting and financial obligations of each. Every agreement must deal with logistics issues and clearly define the logistics responsibilities of all participating partners. The assessments of partners\u2019 capacities and structures carried out during the preparation phase shall provide the basis for agreements and eventually be reflected in them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1343, "Sentence":"The main elements of a logistics strategy should include: \\n Port(s) of entry \u2013 identifying the most appropriate unloading port with the best location, capacity and costs; \\n Identifying the location for\/of the warehouses in transit and recipient countries; \\n Identifying logistics corridors\/routes and means of transport.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR main element logistics strategy include n port entry \u2013 identifying appropriate unloading port best location capacity cost n identifying location for\/of warehouse transit recipient country n identifying logistics corridors\/routes mean transport ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.1 Logistics strategy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The primary logistical goal of the food assistance component of a DDR process is to deliver food supplies to the right place, at the right time and cost, in good condition and with no loss. The main elements of a logistics strategy should include: \\n Port(s) of entry \u2013 identifying the most appropriate unloading port with the best location, capacity and costs; \\n Identifying the location for\/of the warehouses in transit and recipient countries; \\n Identifying logistics corridors\/routes and means of transport. The logistics strategy should plan for the following: \\n Organizing transport; \\n Setting up and managing warehouses; \\n Identifying additional needs; \\n Special operations; \\n Recommended logistic arrangements; \\n Cost analysis.The logistics strategy should be based on the logistics capacity assessment, which gives a detailed overview of the logistics infrastructure in the relevant country. Once the agencies and partners in the DDR process have been identified, an assessment of their logistics capacity is prepared through consultations, in order to develop the logistics strategy.Agreements signed by all the organizations and agencies concerned provide the basis for logistics planning. All partners shall formally define their logistics roles and responsibilities, including the reporting and financial obligations of each. Every agreement must deal with logistics issues and clearly define the logistics responsibilities of all participating partners. The assessments of partners\u2019 capacities and structures carried out during the preparation phase shall provide the basis for agreements and eventually be reflected in them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1343, "Sentence":"The logistics strategy should plan for the following: \\n Organizing transport; \\n Setting up and managing warehouses; \\n Identifying additional needs; \\n Special operations; \\n Recommended logistic arrangements; \\n Cost analysis.The logistics strategy should be based on the logistics capacity assessment, which gives a detailed overview of the logistics infrastructure in the relevant country.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR logistics strategy plan following n organizing transport n setting managing warehouse n identifying additional need n special operation n recommended logistic arrangement n cost analysis.the logistics strategy based logistics capacity assessment give detailed overview logistics infrastructure relevant country ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.1 Logistics strategy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The primary logistical goal of the food assistance component of a DDR process is to deliver food supplies to the right place, at the right time and cost, in good condition and with no loss. The main elements of a logistics strategy should include: \\n Port(s) of entry \u2013 identifying the most appropriate unloading port with the best location, capacity and costs; \\n Identifying the location for\/of the warehouses in transit and recipient countries; \\n Identifying logistics corridors\/routes and means of transport. The logistics strategy should plan for the following: \\n Organizing transport; \\n Setting up and managing warehouses; \\n Identifying additional needs; \\n Special operations; \\n Recommended logistic arrangements; \\n Cost analysis.The logistics strategy should be based on the logistics capacity assessment, which gives a detailed overview of the logistics infrastructure in the relevant country. Once the agencies and partners in the DDR process have been identified, an assessment of their logistics capacity is prepared through consultations, in order to develop the logistics strategy.Agreements signed by all the organizations and agencies concerned provide the basis for logistics planning. All partners shall formally define their logistics roles and responsibilities, including the reporting and financial obligations of each. Every agreement must deal with logistics issues and clearly define the logistics responsibilities of all participating partners. The assessments of partners\u2019 capacities and structures carried out during the preparation phase shall provide the basis for agreements and eventually be reflected in them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1343, "Sentence":"Once the agencies and partners in the DDR process have been identified, an assessment of their logistics capacity is prepared through consultations, in order to develop the logistics strategy.Agreements signed by all the organizations and agencies concerned provide the basis for logistics planning.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR agency partner ddr process identified assessment logistics capacity prepared consultation order develop logistics strategy.agreements signed organization agency concerned provide basis logistics planning ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.1 Logistics strategy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The primary logistical goal of the food assistance component of a DDR process is to deliver food supplies to the right place, at the right time and cost, in good condition and with no loss. The main elements of a logistics strategy should include: \\n Port(s) of entry \u2013 identifying the most appropriate unloading port with the best location, capacity and costs; \\n Identifying the location for\/of the warehouses in transit and recipient countries; \\n Identifying logistics corridors\/routes and means of transport. The logistics strategy should plan for the following: \\n Organizing transport; \\n Setting up and managing warehouses; \\n Identifying additional needs; \\n Special operations; \\n Recommended logistic arrangements; \\n Cost analysis.The logistics strategy should be based on the logistics capacity assessment, which gives a detailed overview of the logistics infrastructure in the relevant country. Once the agencies and partners in the DDR process have been identified, an assessment of their logistics capacity is prepared through consultations, in order to develop the logistics strategy.Agreements signed by all the organizations and agencies concerned provide the basis for logistics planning. All partners shall formally define their logistics roles and responsibilities, including the reporting and financial obligations of each. Every agreement must deal with logistics issues and clearly define the logistics responsibilities of all participating partners. The assessments of partners\u2019 capacities and structures carried out during the preparation phase shall provide the basis for agreements and eventually be reflected in them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1343, "Sentence":"All partners shall formally define their logistics roles and responsibilities, including the reporting and financial obligations of each.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR partner shall formally define logistics role responsibility including reporting financial obligation ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.1 Logistics strategy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The primary logistical goal of the food assistance component of a DDR process is to deliver food supplies to the right place, at the right time and cost, in good condition and with no loss. The main elements of a logistics strategy should include: \\n Port(s) of entry \u2013 identifying the most appropriate unloading port with the best location, capacity and costs; \\n Identifying the location for\/of the warehouses in transit and recipient countries; \\n Identifying logistics corridors\/routes and means of transport. The logistics strategy should plan for the following: \\n Organizing transport; \\n Setting up and managing warehouses; \\n Identifying additional needs; \\n Special operations; \\n Recommended logistic arrangements; \\n Cost analysis.The logistics strategy should be based on the logistics capacity assessment, which gives a detailed overview of the logistics infrastructure in the relevant country. Once the agencies and partners in the DDR process have been identified, an assessment of their logistics capacity is prepared through consultations, in order to develop the logistics strategy.Agreements signed by all the organizations and agencies concerned provide the basis for logistics planning. All partners shall formally define their logistics roles and responsibilities, including the reporting and financial obligations of each. Every agreement must deal with logistics issues and clearly define the logistics responsibilities of all participating partners. The assessments of partners\u2019 capacities and structures carried out during the preparation phase shall provide the basis for agreements and eventually be reflected in them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1343, "Sentence":"Every agreement must deal with logistics issues and clearly define the logistics responsibilities of all participating partners.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR every agreement must deal logistics issue clearly define logistics responsibility participating partner ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.1 Logistics strategy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"The primary logistical goal of the food assistance component of a DDR process is to deliver food supplies to the right place, at the right time and cost, in good condition and with no loss. The main elements of a logistics strategy should include: \\n Port(s) of entry \u2013 identifying the most appropriate unloading port with the best location, capacity and costs; \\n Identifying the location for\/of the warehouses in transit and recipient countries; \\n Identifying logistics corridors\/routes and means of transport. The logistics strategy should plan for the following: \\n Organizing transport; \\n Setting up and managing warehouses; \\n Identifying additional needs; \\n Special operations; \\n Recommended logistic arrangements; \\n Cost analysis.The logistics strategy should be based on the logistics capacity assessment, which gives a detailed overview of the logistics infrastructure in the relevant country. Once the agencies and partners in the DDR process have been identified, an assessment of their logistics capacity is prepared through consultations, in order to develop the logistics strategy.Agreements signed by all the organizations and agencies concerned provide the basis for logistics planning. All partners shall formally define their logistics roles and responsibilities, including the reporting and financial obligations of each. Every agreement must deal with logistics issues and clearly define the logistics responsibilities of all participating partners. The assessments of partners\u2019 capacities and structures carried out during the preparation phase shall provide the basis for agreements and eventually be reflected in them.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1343, "Sentence":"The assessments of partners\u2019 capacities and structures carried out during the preparation phase shall provide the basis for agreements and eventually be reflected in them.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR assessment partner \u2019 capacity structure carried preparation phase shall provide basis agreement eventually reflected ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.2 Selecting commodities for in-kind rations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A cereal that is familiar to recipients, pulses and oil are the basic foods included in most rations. Other items are included to provide extra nutrients if people have no access to fresh foods. When selecting the types of food that will be supplied, the following issues should be considered:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1344, "Sentence":"A cereal that is familiar to recipients, pulses and oil are the basic foods included in most rations.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR cereal familiar recipient pulse oil basic food included ration ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.2 Selecting commodities for in-kind rations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A cereal that is familiar to recipients, pulses and oil are the basic foods included in most rations. Other items are included to provide extra nutrients if people have no access to fresh foods. When selecting the types of food that will be supplied, the following issues should be considered:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1344, "Sentence":"Other items are included to provide extra nutrients if people have no access to fresh foods.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR item included provide extra nutrient people access fresh food ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.2 Selecting commodities for in-kind rations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A cereal that is familiar to recipients, pulses and oil are the basic foods included in most rations. Other items are included to provide extra nutrients if people have no access to fresh foods. When selecting the types of food that will be supplied, the following issues should be considered:", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1344, "Sentence":"When selecting the types of food that will be supplied, the following issues should be considered:", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR selecting type food supplied following issue considered" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.3 Nutritional and dietary requirements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The mix of food must provide the nutrients required to supply recipients with adequate energy, protein, fat and micronutrients, taking into account what they can acquire from other sources.For in-kind transfers, foods that are rich in energy, protein or micronutrients, including fortified complementary foods, are preferred. In emergencies, fortified flours and oil, bio-fortified staple foods and iodized salt may be good options to optimize the nutritional quality of the food basket.When CBTs or commodity vouchers are provided, food baskets that address the nutrient needs of the targeted households must be closely examined as part of preparedness and planning. Pre- calculated transfer values can factor in the prices of nutrient-dense foods that are available in local markets, including those mentioned above as well as animal-source foods, fruits and vegetables, taking into account any impacts that emergency or crisis situations may have on availability and affordability of food and especially for nutritionally vulnerable groups. A key opportunity to enhance the nutrition-sensitivity of food transfers is to improve their nutritional quality and to ensure adequate size and timing of the transfers.Particular consideration shall also be given to those with specific nutrient requirements, including women of childbearing age; pregnant and breastfeeding women and girls; children 6\u201323 months old; preschool children (2\u20135 years); school-age children (6\u201310 years); adolescents (10\u201319 years), especially girls; and older people. Other important vulnerable groups shall be considered according to the context and type of intervention, such as persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses.In addition, for young children, provision of food supplements should always be accompanied by dedicated counselling on feeding and other infant and young child feeding practices like breastfeeding, consumption of family\/local foods, hygiene and responsive feeding and care.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1345, "Sentence":"The mix of food must provide the nutrients required to supply recipients with adequate energy, protein, fat and micronutrients, taking into account what they can acquire from other sources.For in-kind transfers, foods that are rich in energy, protein or micronutrients, including fortified complementary foods, are preferred.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR mix food must provide nutrient required supply recipient adequate energy protein fat micronutrient taking account acquire sources.for inkind transfer food rich energy protein micronutrient including fortified complementary food preferred ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.3 Nutritional and dietary requirements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The mix of food must provide the nutrients required to supply recipients with adequate energy, protein, fat and micronutrients, taking into account what they can acquire from other sources.For in-kind transfers, foods that are rich in energy, protein or micronutrients, including fortified complementary foods, are preferred. In emergencies, fortified flours and oil, bio-fortified staple foods and iodized salt may be good options to optimize the nutritional quality of the food basket.When CBTs or commodity vouchers are provided, food baskets that address the nutrient needs of the targeted households must be closely examined as part of preparedness and planning. Pre- calculated transfer values can factor in the prices of nutrient-dense foods that are available in local markets, including those mentioned above as well as animal-source foods, fruits and vegetables, taking into account any impacts that emergency or crisis situations may have on availability and affordability of food and especially for nutritionally vulnerable groups. A key opportunity to enhance the nutrition-sensitivity of food transfers is to improve their nutritional quality and to ensure adequate size and timing of the transfers.Particular consideration shall also be given to those with specific nutrient requirements, including women of childbearing age; pregnant and breastfeeding women and girls; children 6\u201323 months old; preschool children (2\u20135 years); school-age children (6\u201310 years); adolescents (10\u201319 years), especially girls; and older people. Other important vulnerable groups shall be considered according to the context and type of intervention, such as persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses.In addition, for young children, provision of food supplements should always be accompanied by dedicated counselling on feeding and other infant and young child feeding practices like breastfeeding, consumption of family\/local foods, hygiene and responsive feeding and care.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1345, "Sentence":"In emergencies, fortified flours and oil, bio-fortified staple foods and iodized salt may be good options to optimize the nutritional quality of the food basket.When CBTs or commodity vouchers are provided, food baskets that address the nutrient needs of the targeted households must be closely examined as part of preparedness and planning.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR emergency fortified flour oil biofortified staple food iodized salt may good option optimize nutritional quality food basket.when cbts commodity voucher provided food basket address nutrient need targeted household must closely examined part preparedness planning ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.3 Nutritional and dietary requirements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The mix of food must provide the nutrients required to supply recipients with adequate energy, protein, fat and micronutrients, taking into account what they can acquire from other sources.For in-kind transfers, foods that are rich in energy, protein or micronutrients, including fortified complementary foods, are preferred. In emergencies, fortified flours and oil, bio-fortified staple foods and iodized salt may be good options to optimize the nutritional quality of the food basket.When CBTs or commodity vouchers are provided, food baskets that address the nutrient needs of the targeted households must be closely examined as part of preparedness and planning. Pre- calculated transfer values can factor in the prices of nutrient-dense foods that are available in local markets, including those mentioned above as well as animal-source foods, fruits and vegetables, taking into account any impacts that emergency or crisis situations may have on availability and affordability of food and especially for nutritionally vulnerable groups. A key opportunity to enhance the nutrition-sensitivity of food transfers is to improve their nutritional quality and to ensure adequate size and timing of the transfers.Particular consideration shall also be given to those with specific nutrient requirements, including women of childbearing age; pregnant and breastfeeding women and girls; children 6\u201323 months old; preschool children (2\u20135 years); school-age children (6\u201310 years); adolescents (10\u201319 years), especially girls; and older people. Other important vulnerable groups shall be considered according to the context and type of intervention, such as persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses.In addition, for young children, provision of food supplements should always be accompanied by dedicated counselling on feeding and other infant and young child feeding practices like breastfeeding, consumption of family\/local foods, hygiene and responsive feeding and care.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1345, "Sentence":"Pre- calculated transfer values can factor in the prices of nutrient-dense foods that are available in local markets, including those mentioned above as well as animal-source foods, fruits and vegetables, taking into account any impacts that emergency or crisis situations may have on availability and affordability of food and especially for nutritionally vulnerable groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR pre calculated transfer value factor price nutrientdense food available local market including mentioned well animalsource food fruit vegetable taking account impact emergency crisis situation may availability affordability food especially nutritionally vulnerable group ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.3 Nutritional and dietary requirements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The mix of food must provide the nutrients required to supply recipients with adequate energy, protein, fat and micronutrients, taking into account what they can acquire from other sources.For in-kind transfers, foods that are rich in energy, protein or micronutrients, including fortified complementary foods, are preferred. In emergencies, fortified flours and oil, bio-fortified staple foods and iodized salt may be good options to optimize the nutritional quality of the food basket.When CBTs or commodity vouchers are provided, food baskets that address the nutrient needs of the targeted households must be closely examined as part of preparedness and planning. Pre- calculated transfer values can factor in the prices of nutrient-dense foods that are available in local markets, including those mentioned above as well as animal-source foods, fruits and vegetables, taking into account any impacts that emergency or crisis situations may have on availability and affordability of food and especially for nutritionally vulnerable groups. A key opportunity to enhance the nutrition-sensitivity of food transfers is to improve their nutritional quality and to ensure adequate size and timing of the transfers.Particular consideration shall also be given to those with specific nutrient requirements, including women of childbearing age; pregnant and breastfeeding women and girls; children 6\u201323 months old; preschool children (2\u20135 years); school-age children (6\u201310 years); adolescents (10\u201319 years), especially girls; and older people. Other important vulnerable groups shall be considered according to the context and type of intervention, such as persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses.In addition, for young children, provision of food supplements should always be accompanied by dedicated counselling on feeding and other infant and young child feeding practices like breastfeeding, consumption of family\/local foods, hygiene and responsive feeding and care.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1345, "Sentence":"A key opportunity to enhance the nutrition-sensitivity of food transfers is to improve their nutritional quality and to ensure adequate size and timing of the transfers.Particular consideration shall also be given to those with specific nutrient requirements, including women of childbearing age; pregnant and breastfeeding women and girls; children 6\u201323 months old; preschool children (2\u20135 years); school-age children (6\u201310 years); adolescents (10\u201319 years), especially girls; and older people.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR key opportunity enhance nutritionsensitivity food transfer improve nutritional quality ensure adequate size timing transfers.particular consideration shall also given specific nutrient requirement including woman childbearing age pregnant breastfeeding woman girl child 6\u201323 month old preschool child 2\u20135 year schoolage child 6\u201310 year adolescent 10\u201319 year especially girl older people ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.3 Nutritional and dietary requirements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"The mix of food must provide the nutrients required to supply recipients with adequate energy, protein, fat and micronutrients, taking into account what they can acquire from other sources.For in-kind transfers, foods that are rich in energy, protein or micronutrients, including fortified complementary foods, are preferred. In emergencies, fortified flours and oil, bio-fortified staple foods and iodized salt may be good options to optimize the nutritional quality of the food basket.When CBTs or commodity vouchers are provided, food baskets that address the nutrient needs of the targeted households must be closely examined as part of preparedness and planning. Pre- calculated transfer values can factor in the prices of nutrient-dense foods that are available in local markets, including those mentioned above as well as animal-source foods, fruits and vegetables, taking into account any impacts that emergency or crisis situations may have on availability and affordability of food and especially for nutritionally vulnerable groups. A key opportunity to enhance the nutrition-sensitivity of food transfers is to improve their nutritional quality and to ensure adequate size and timing of the transfers.Particular consideration shall also be given to those with specific nutrient requirements, including women of childbearing age; pregnant and breastfeeding women and girls; children 6\u201323 months old; preschool children (2\u20135 years); school-age children (6\u201310 years); adolescents (10\u201319 years), especially girls; and older people. Other important vulnerable groups shall be considered according to the context and type of intervention, such as persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses.In addition, for young children, provision of food supplements should always be accompanied by dedicated counselling on feeding and other infant and young child feeding practices like breastfeeding, consumption of family\/local foods, hygiene and responsive feeding and care.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1345, "Sentence":"Other important vulnerable groups shall be considered according to the context and type of intervention, such as persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses.In addition, for young children, provision of food supplements should always be accompanied by dedicated counselling on feeding and other infant and young child feeding practices like breastfeeding, consumption of family\/local foods, hygiene and responsive feeding and care.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR important vulnerable group shall considered according context type intervention person disability person chronic illnesses.in addition young child provision food supplement always accompanied dedicated counselling feeding infant young child feeding practice like breastfeeding consumption family\/local food hygiene responsive feeding care ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.4 Local food habits", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Foods shall be familiar to those who receive them, be compatible with their traditional dietary habits and respectful of any religious taboos. Consultation with those who are to receive food assistance, including women, shall be undertaken prior to determining the composition of the food basket.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1346, "Sentence":"Foods shall be familiar to those who receive them, be compatible with their traditional dietary habits and respectful of any religious taboos.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food shall familiar receive compatible traditional dietary habit respectful religious taboo ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.4 Local food habits", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Foods shall be familiar to those who receive them, be compatible with their traditional dietary habits and respectful of any religious taboos. Consultation with those who are to receive food assistance, including women, shall be undertaken prior to determining the composition of the food basket.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1346, "Sentence":"Consultation with those who are to receive food assistance, including women, shall be undertaken prior to determining the composition of the food basket.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR consultation receive food assistance including woman shall undertaken prior determining composition food basket ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.5 Children and older people", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Families must be able to prepare easily digestible energy-dense foods for young children. Easily chewed and digestible foods are also needed for older people.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1347, "Sentence":"Families must be able to prepare easily digestible energy-dense foods for young children.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR family must able prepare easily digestible energydense food young child ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.5 Children and older people", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Families must be able to prepare easily digestible energy-dense foods for young children. Easily chewed and digestible foods are also needed for older people.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1347, "Sentence":"Easily chewed and digestible foods are also needed for older people.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR easily chewed digestible food also needed older people ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.6 Ease of transport, storage and use", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Foods shall be reasonably easy to transport, capable of being stored in the average household, and simple to prepare using little fuel. This last criterion takes into consideration that women and girls are usually overburdened with preparing food and collecting firewood, which sometimes creates new protection risks, and that domestic pollution is a major health concern. In addition, this criterion further protects people living with disabilities. Foods must be adapted to available cooking facilities, water and cooking fuel. The provision, promotion and use of fuel-efficient stoves is recommended, wherever possible.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1348, "Sentence":"Foods shall be reasonably easy to transport, capable of being stored in the average household, and simple to prepare using little fuel.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food shall reasonably easy transport capable stored average household simple prepare using little fuel ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.6 Ease of transport, storage and use", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Foods shall be reasonably easy to transport, capable of being stored in the average household, and simple to prepare using little fuel. This last criterion takes into consideration that women and girls are usually overburdened with preparing food and collecting firewood, which sometimes creates new protection risks, and that domestic pollution is a major health concern. In addition, this criterion further protects people living with disabilities. Foods must be adapted to available cooking facilities, water and cooking fuel. The provision, promotion and use of fuel-efficient stoves is recommended, wherever possible.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1348, "Sentence":"This last criterion takes into consideration that women and girls are usually overburdened with preparing food and collecting firewood, which sometimes creates new protection risks, and that domestic pollution is a major health concern.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR last criterion take consideration woman girl usually overburdened preparing food collecting firewood sometimes creates new protection risk domestic pollution major health concern ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.6 Ease of transport, storage and use", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Foods shall be reasonably easy to transport, capable of being stored in the average household, and simple to prepare using little fuel. This last criterion takes into consideration that women and girls are usually overburdened with preparing food and collecting firewood, which sometimes creates new protection risks, and that domestic pollution is a major health concern. In addition, this criterion further protects people living with disabilities. Foods must be adapted to available cooking facilities, water and cooking fuel. The provision, promotion and use of fuel-efficient stoves is recommended, wherever possible.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1348, "Sentence":"In addition, this criterion further protects people living with disabilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR addition criterion protects people living disability ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.6 Ease of transport, storage and use", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Foods shall be reasonably easy to transport, capable of being stored in the average household, and simple to prepare using little fuel. This last criterion takes into consideration that women and girls are usually overburdened with preparing food and collecting firewood, which sometimes creates new protection risks, and that domestic pollution is a major health concern. In addition, this criterion further protects people living with disabilities. Foods must be adapted to available cooking facilities, water and cooking fuel. The provision, promotion and use of fuel-efficient stoves is recommended, wherever possible.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1348, "Sentence":"Foods must be adapted to available cooking facilities, water and cooking fuel.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food must adapted available cooking facility water cooking fuel ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.6 Ease of transport, storage and use", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Foods shall be reasonably easy to transport, capable of being stored in the average household, and simple to prepare using little fuel. This last criterion takes into consideration that women and girls are usually overburdened with preparing food and collecting firewood, which sometimes creates new protection risks, and that domestic pollution is a major health concern. In addition, this criterion further protects people living with disabilities. Foods must be adapted to available cooking facilities, water and cooking fuel. The provision, promotion and use of fuel-efficient stoves is recommended, wherever possible.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1348, "Sentence":"The provision, promotion and use of fuel-efficient stoves is recommended, wherever possible.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR provision promotion use fuelefficient stove recommended wherever possible ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.7 Cost effectiveness, attractiveness and local value", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Cost must be taken into account for each of the various items that could be provided: \\n In relation to the nutrient value the food supplies to those who will receive it; \\n In relation to local (resale) value, as recipients may trade limited quantities of some items to obtain other essential items, e.g., fruits and vegetables from the local market; \\n With regard to whether some items are more likely to be misappropriated than others, as items that do not reach the groups they are intended for, or that are stolen from them, are of no benefit.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1349, "Sentence":"Cost must be taken into account for each of the various items that could be provided: \\n In relation to the nutrient value the food supplies to those who will receive it; \\n In relation to local (resale) value, as recipients may trade limited quantities of some items to obtain other essential items, e.g., fruits and vegetables from the local market; \\n With regard to whether some items are more likely to be misappropriated than others, as items that do not reach the groups they are intended for, or that are stolen from them, are of no benefit.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR cost must taken account various item could provided n relation nutrient value food supply receive n relation local resale value recipient may trade limited quantity item obtain essential item e.g . fruit vegetable local market n regard whether item likely misappropriated others item reach group intended stolen benefit ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.8 Availability of local commodities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Commodities should be purchased locally wherever possible, to support local market recovery and employment opportunities. The quality and shelf-life of the food available should also be considered. It is important to determine whether whole grains or milled cereals should be provided and whether fortified blended foods might be produced locally rather than imported.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1350, "Sentence":"Commodities should be purchased locally wherever possible, to support local market recovery and employment opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR commodity purchased locally wherever possible support local market recovery employment opportunity ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.8 Availability of local commodities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Commodities should be purchased locally wherever possible, to support local market recovery and employment opportunities. The quality and shelf-life of the food available should also be considered. It is important to determine whether whole grains or milled cereals should be provided and whether fortified blended foods might be produced locally rather than imported.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1350, "Sentence":"The quality and shelf-life of the food available should also be considered.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR quality shelflife food available also considered ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.6 In-kind food distribution", "Heading3":"5.6.8 Availability of local commodities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Commodities should be purchased locally wherever possible, to support local market recovery and employment opportunities. The quality and shelf-life of the food available should also be considered. It is important to determine whether whole grains or milled cereals should be provided and whether fortified blended foods might be produced locally rather than imported.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1350, "Sentence":"It is important to determine whether whole grains or milled cereals should be provided and whether fortified blended foods might be produced locally rather than imported.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR important determine whether whole grain milled cereal provided whether fortified blended food might produced locally rather imported ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR cbts paid cash form value voucher bank digitalmoney transfer example mobile phone ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR oneoff paid instalment used instead alongside inkind food assistance.there many different benefit associated provision food assistance form cash ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR example recipient cash determine meet individual consumption nutritional need efficiently ability fundamental step towards empowerment help restore sense normalcy dignity life recipient ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR cash also efficient way deliver support entail lower transaction logistical cost inkind food assistance particularly term transportation storage ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR provision cash may also beneficial knockon effect local market trade ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR also help avoid scenario recipient inkind food assistance simply resell commodity receive loss value.cash little utility place food item people require unavailable local market ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR however oftcited concern cash often misused used purchase alcohol drug part borne evidence ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR potential misuse also reduced decision related targeting conditionality ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR example household control way cash spent supported providing cash family excombatants rather excombatants alone ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR excombatants wives\/husbands also asked sign contract lead release cash ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR contract could outline money supposed spent would require followup check good purchased comply term contract ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR basic literacy financial education also help reduce risk cash misused basic nutrition education help ensure family aware importance feeding nutritious food especially young child rely caregiver fed.providing cash sometimes seen generating security risk staff transport large amount money recipient ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR cash prone diversion capture elite seizure armed group particularly setting corruption high armed conflict ongoing ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR particularly true cash payment distributed regular time publicly known location ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR digital payment overthecounter mobile money payment may help circumvent problem offering new discrete opportunity distribute cbts ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR example recipient may cash small amount payment needed buy food directly transfer money bank account store money mobile wallet long term.preliminary evidence indicates distributing cash food mobile money transfer positive impact dietary diversity part recipient spend le time traveling waiting transfer ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR order benefit mobile money transfer recipient need possession mobile phone minimum sim card used mobile phone shared others ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR recipient also need reside area close area mobile network coverage accessible cashout point agent ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR also necessary ensure agent sufficient cash hand order make payment ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR agent need monitored order ensure adhere previously agreed upon standard ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR also important ensure recipient subjected coercion undue pressure agent use cash buy good agent \u2019 store ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR adequate sensitization campaign targeting recipient agent integral part programme design ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR finally new user digital payment may need educated use possible provided accompanying literacy training financial education.irrespective type cbt selected delivery mechanism cash voucher mobile money transfer take account potential protection issue genderspecific barrier ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR important delivery mechanism chosen permit woman access entitlement safely confidently without exposed risk private service provider abusing power recipient encountering difficulty redemption entitlement numerical financial illiteracy ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR help desk complaint mechanism also setup include specific referral pathway woman ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance provided cbts humanitarian agency often work closely service provider private sector financial service provider trader etc .." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR case necessary service procurement procedure shall followed ensure timely setup operation ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"CBTs can be paid in cash, in the form of value vouchers, or by bank or digital-money transfers (for example, through mobile phones). They can be one-off or paid in instalments and used instead of or alongside in-kind food assistance.There are many different benefits associated with the provision of food assistance in the form of cash. For example, not only can the recipients of cash determine and meet their individual consumption and nutritional needs more efficiently, the ability to do so is a fundamental step towards empowerment, as it helps restore a sense of normalcy and dignity in the lives of recipients. Cash can also be an efficient way to deliver support because it entails lower transaction and logistical costs than in-kind food assistance, particularly in terms of transportation and storage. The provision of cash may also have beneficial knock-on effects for local markets and trade. It also helps to avoid a scenario in which the recipients of in-kind food assistance simply resell the commodities they receive at a loss in value.Cash will be of little utility in places where the food items that people require are unavailable on the local market. However, the oft-cited concern that cash is often misused, and used to purchase alcohol and drugs, is, in the most part, not borne out by the evidence. Any potential misuse can also be reduced through decisions related to targeting and conditionality. For example, household control over the way that cash is spent can be supported by providing cash to the families of ex-combatants, rather than ex-combatants alone. Ex-combatants and their wives\/husbands can also be asked to sign a contract that leads to the release of cash. This contract could outline how the money is supposed to be spent, and would require follow-up to check that the goods purchased comply with the terms of this contract. Basic literacy and financial education can also help to reduce the risk that cash is misused, and basic nutrition education can help to ensure that families are aware of the importance of feeding nutritious foods, especially to young children who rely on caregivers to be fed.Providing cash is sometimes seen as generating security risks both for the staff that transport large amounts of money and for recipients. This is because cash is prone to diversion, capture by elites and seizure by armed groups, particularly in settings where corruption is high and armed conflict is ongoing. This is particularly true for cash payments that are distributed at regular times at publicly known locations. Digital payments, such as over-the-counter and mobile money payments, may help to circumvent this problem by offering new and discrete opportunities to distribute CBTs. For example, recipients may cash out small amounts of their payment as and when it is needed to buy food, directly transfer money to a bank account, or store money on their mobile wallet over the long- term.Preliminary evidence indicates that distributing cash for food through mobile money transfers has a positive impact on dietary diversity, in part because recipients spend less time traveling to and waiting for their transfer. In order to benefit from mobile money transfers, recipients need to be in the possession of a mobile phone, or at a minimum, a SIM card that can be used in a mobile phone that is shared with others. The recipient will also need to reside in an area (or close to an area) where there is mobile network coverage and where there are accessible cash-out points or agents. It is also necessary to ensure that agents have sufficient cash on hand in order to make the payment. The agents will need to be monitored in order to ensure that they adhere to previously agreed upon standards. It is also important to ensure that recipients are not subjected to coercion or undue pressure by the agent to use their cash to buy other goods in the agent\u2019s store. Adequate sensitization campaigns targeting both recipients and agents should be an integral part of the programme design. Finally, new users of digital payments may need to be educated in how to use them and should, where possible, be provided with accompanying literacy training and financial education.Irrespective of the type of CBT selected, the delivery mechanism (cash, vouchers, mobile money transfer) should take into account potential protection issues and gender-specific barriers. It is important that the delivery mechanism chosen permits women to access their entitlement safely and confidently, without being exposed to the risks of private service providers abusing their power over recipients and encountering difficulties in the redemption of their entitlement because of numerical or financial illiteracy. A help desk and complaint mechanism should also be set-up, and these should include specific referral pathways for women. When food assistance is provided through CBTs, humanitarian agencies often work closely with service providers from the private sector (financial service providers, traders, etc.). Where this is the case, all necessary service procurement procedures shall be followed to ensure timely set-up of the operation. Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1351, "Sentence":"Clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be put in place to ensure that all stakeholders have the same understanding of their roles and responsibilities.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR clear standard operating procedure sop shall put place ensure stakeholder understanding role responsibility ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"5.7.1 Calculating the transfer value for CBTs", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The transfer value for a CBT to cover basic food needs should take into consideration the preferences of recipients, consumption patterns and the availability of food items in the local market. The transfer value should be sufficient to cover the consumption gap of the target group to consume a nutritionally balanced diet covering essential macro- and micronutrients. The transfer value can be obtained by multiplying the cost of a nutritionally balanced basket informed by consumption patterns and preferences by average food prices of the most commonly consumed items in the local market.Cash transfers in the form of value vouchers should be sufficient to cover the consumption gap of the target group to consume a nutritionally balanced diet covering essential macro- and micronutrients. The value can be calculated by multiplying the cost of a nutritionally balanced basket informed by consumption patterns and preferences by prices negotiated with contracted retailers.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1352, "Sentence":"The transfer value for a CBT to cover basic food needs should take into consideration the preferences of recipients, consumption patterns and the availability of food items in the local market.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR transfer value cbt cover basic food need take consideration preference recipient consumption pattern availability food item local market ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"5.7.1 Calculating the transfer value for CBTs", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The transfer value for a CBT to cover basic food needs should take into consideration the preferences of recipients, consumption patterns and the availability of food items in the local market. The transfer value should be sufficient to cover the consumption gap of the target group to consume a nutritionally balanced diet covering essential macro- and micronutrients. The transfer value can be obtained by multiplying the cost of a nutritionally balanced basket informed by consumption patterns and preferences by average food prices of the most commonly consumed items in the local market.Cash transfers in the form of value vouchers should be sufficient to cover the consumption gap of the target group to consume a nutritionally balanced diet covering essential macro- and micronutrients. The value can be calculated by multiplying the cost of a nutritionally balanced basket informed by consumption patterns and preferences by prices negotiated with contracted retailers.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1352, "Sentence":"The transfer value should be sufficient to cover the consumption gap of the target group to consume a nutritionally balanced diet covering essential macro- and micronutrients.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR transfer value sufficient cover consumption gap target group consume nutritionally balanced diet covering essential macro micronutrient ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"5.7.1 Calculating the transfer value for CBTs", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The transfer value for a CBT to cover basic food needs should take into consideration the preferences of recipients, consumption patterns and the availability of food items in the local market. The transfer value should be sufficient to cover the consumption gap of the target group to consume a nutritionally balanced diet covering essential macro- and micronutrients. The transfer value can be obtained by multiplying the cost of a nutritionally balanced basket informed by consumption patterns and preferences by average food prices of the most commonly consumed items in the local market.Cash transfers in the form of value vouchers should be sufficient to cover the consumption gap of the target group to consume a nutritionally balanced diet covering essential macro- and micronutrients. The value can be calculated by multiplying the cost of a nutritionally balanced basket informed by consumption patterns and preferences by prices negotiated with contracted retailers.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1352, "Sentence":"The transfer value can be obtained by multiplying the cost of a nutritionally balanced basket informed by consumption patterns and preferences by average food prices of the most commonly consumed items in the local market.Cash transfers in the form of value vouchers should be sufficient to cover the consumption gap of the target group to consume a nutritionally balanced diet covering essential macro- and micronutrients.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR transfer value obtained multiplying cost nutritionally balanced basket informed consumption pattern preference average food price commonly consumed item local market.cash transfer form value voucher sufficient cover consumption gap target group consume nutritionally balanced diet covering essential macro micronutrient ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.7 Cash-based transfers", "Heading3":"5.7.1 Calculating the transfer value for CBTs", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"The transfer value for a CBT to cover basic food needs should take into consideration the preferences of recipients, consumption patterns and the availability of food items in the local market. The transfer value should be sufficient to cover the consumption gap of the target group to consume a nutritionally balanced diet covering essential macro- and micronutrients. The transfer value can be obtained by multiplying the cost of a nutritionally balanced basket informed by consumption patterns and preferences by average food prices of the most commonly consumed items in the local market.Cash transfers in the form of value vouchers should be sufficient to cover the consumption gap of the target group to consume a nutritionally balanced diet covering essential macro- and micronutrients. The value can be calculated by multiplying the cost of a nutritionally balanced basket informed by consumption patterns and preferences by prices negotiated with contracted retailers.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1352, "Sentence":"The value can be calculated by multiplying the cost of a nutritionally balanced basket informed by consumption patterns and preferences by prices negotiated with contracted retailers.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR value calculated multiplying cost nutritionally balanced basket informed consumption pattern preference price negotiated contracted retailer ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.8 Equity with other assistance programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Food assistance provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries should be balanced against assistance provided to other returnees or conflict-affected populations as part of the wider recovery programme to avoid treating some conflict-affected groups unfairly. The provision of special entitlements to DDR participants should always be seen in the context of the needs and resources of the broader population. If communities perceive that preferential treatment is being given to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, this can cause resentment, and there is the danger that humanitarian food assistance agencies will no longer be perceived as neutral. Every effort to achieve an equal standard of living for ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants and other members of the community should be made in order to minimize the risk that benefits given through DDR could fuel tensions among these groups.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1353, "Sentence":"Food assistance provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries should be balanced against assistance provided to other returnees or conflict-affected populations as part of the wider recovery programme to avoid treating some conflict-affected groups unfairly.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance provided ddr participant beneficiary balanced assistance provided returnees conflictaffected population part wider recovery programme avoid treating conflictaffected group unfairly ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.8 Equity with other assistance programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Food assistance provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries should be balanced against assistance provided to other returnees or conflict-affected populations as part of the wider recovery programme to avoid treating some conflict-affected groups unfairly. The provision of special entitlements to DDR participants should always be seen in the context of the needs and resources of the broader population. If communities perceive that preferential treatment is being given to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, this can cause resentment, and there is the danger that humanitarian food assistance agencies will no longer be perceived as neutral. Every effort to achieve an equal standard of living for ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants and other members of the community should be made in order to minimize the risk that benefits given through DDR could fuel tensions among these groups.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1353, "Sentence":"The provision of special entitlements to DDR participants should always be seen in the context of the needs and resources of the broader population.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR provision special entitlement ddr participant always seen context need resource broader population ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.8 Equity with other assistance programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Food assistance provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries should be balanced against assistance provided to other returnees or conflict-affected populations as part of the wider recovery programme to avoid treating some conflict-affected groups unfairly. The provision of special entitlements to DDR participants should always be seen in the context of the needs and resources of the broader population. If communities perceive that preferential treatment is being given to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, this can cause resentment, and there is the danger that humanitarian food assistance agencies will no longer be perceived as neutral. Every effort to achieve an equal standard of living for ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants and other members of the community should be made in order to minimize the risk that benefits given through DDR could fuel tensions among these groups.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1353, "Sentence":"If communities perceive that preferential treatment is being given to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, this can cause resentment, and there is the danger that humanitarian food assistance agencies will no longer be perceived as neutral.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR community perceive preferential treatment given excombatants person formerly associated armed force group cause resentment danger humanitarian food assistance agency longer perceived neutral ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"5. Planning for food assistance in DDR processes", "Heading2":"5.8 Equity with other assistance programmes", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Food assistance provided to DDR participants and beneficiaries should be balanced against assistance provided to other returnees or conflict-affected populations as part of the wider recovery programme to avoid treating some conflict-affected groups unfairly. The provision of special entitlements to DDR participants should always be seen in the context of the needs and resources of the broader population. If communities perceive that preferential treatment is being given to ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, this can cause resentment, and there is the danger that humanitarian food assistance agencies will no longer be perceived as neutral. Every effort to achieve an equal standard of living for ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants and other members of the community should be made in order to minimize the risk that benefits given through DDR could fuel tensions among these groups.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1353, "Sentence":"Every effort to achieve an equal standard of living for ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, dependants and other members of the community should be made in order to minimize the risk that benefits given through DDR could fuel tensions among these groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR every effort achieve equal standard living excombatants person formerly associated armed force group dependant member community made order minimize risk benefit given ddr could fuel tension among group ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Food assistance can be provided at different points throughout a DDR process, including as part of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1354, "Sentence":"Food assistance can be provided at different points throughout a DDR process, including as part of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance provided different point throughout ddr process including part ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Disarmament and Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"When DDR participants are grouped at specific locations, such as disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, in-kind food assistance is distributed in a way that is similar to a typical encampment relief situation. In this context, demobilizing combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have limited buying power and their access to alternative sources of income and food security is restricted. In addition, their health may be poor after the prolonged isolation they have experienced and the poor food they may have eaten during wartime (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may see the regular provision of food assistance as proof of the commitment by the Government and the international community to support the transition to peace. Insufficient, irregular or substandard food assistance can become a source of friction and protest. Every reasonable measure should be taken to ensure that, at the very minimum, standard rations or transfers are distributed when DDR participants are grouped together at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.If ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are present at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, the type of food supplied should normally be more varied than in standard food assistance emergency operations. Table 2 provides an example of a recommended food basket.Inclusion of fortified blended flour such as Super Cereal is essential to cover basic micronutrients and protein needs. Up to 20g of sugar can be added to meet local preferences. Fresh vegetables and fruit or other foods to increase the nutritional value of the food basket should be supplied when alternative sources can be found and if they can be stored and distributed.Standard emergency food baskets can be supplied to family dependants if they are included as beneficiaries of the DDR programme. In this context, food assistance for dependants may often be implemented in one of two possible ways. The first involves dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second involves dependants being taken or directed to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. Although food assistance should not encourage ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and\/or dependants to stay for long periods at cantonment sites, prepared foods may be served when doing so is more appropriate than creating cooking spaces and\/or providing equipment for participants to prepare their own food.DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of problems concerning protection and human rights that are especially relevant to women and girls at disarmament and demobilization sites. Codes of conduct and appropriate reporting and referral mechanisms shall be established in advance among UN agencies and human rights and child protection actors to deal with gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights abuses. There shall also be strict procedures in place to protect women and girls from sexual exploitation by those who control access to food assistance. Staff and the recipients of food assistance alike shall be aware of the proper channels available to them for reporting cases of abuse or attempted abuse linked to food distribution. Women, men, girls and boys shall be consulted from the outset in order to identify protection issues that need to be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1355, "Sentence":"When DDR participants are grouped at specific locations, such as disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, in-kind food assistance is distributed in a way that is similar to a typical encampment relief situation.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR ddr participant grouped specific location disarmament and\/or cantonment site inkind food assistance distributed way similar typical encampment relief situation ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Disarmament and Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"When DDR participants are grouped at specific locations, such as disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, in-kind food assistance is distributed in a way that is similar to a typical encampment relief situation. In this context, demobilizing combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have limited buying power and their access to alternative sources of income and food security is restricted. In addition, their health may be poor after the prolonged isolation they have experienced and the poor food they may have eaten during wartime (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may see the regular provision of food assistance as proof of the commitment by the Government and the international community to support the transition to peace. Insufficient, irregular or substandard food assistance can become a source of friction and protest. Every reasonable measure should be taken to ensure that, at the very minimum, standard rations or transfers are distributed when DDR participants are grouped together at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.If ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are present at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, the type of food supplied should normally be more varied than in standard food assistance emergency operations. Table 2 provides an example of a recommended food basket.Inclusion of fortified blended flour such as Super Cereal is essential to cover basic micronutrients and protein needs. Up to 20g of sugar can be added to meet local preferences. Fresh vegetables and fruit or other foods to increase the nutritional value of the food basket should be supplied when alternative sources can be found and if they can be stored and distributed.Standard emergency food baskets can be supplied to family dependants if they are included as beneficiaries of the DDR programme. In this context, food assistance for dependants may often be implemented in one of two possible ways. The first involves dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second involves dependants being taken or directed to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. Although food assistance should not encourage ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and\/or dependants to stay for long periods at cantonment sites, prepared foods may be served when doing so is more appropriate than creating cooking spaces and\/or providing equipment for participants to prepare their own food.DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of problems concerning protection and human rights that are especially relevant to women and girls at disarmament and demobilization sites. Codes of conduct and appropriate reporting and referral mechanisms shall be established in advance among UN agencies and human rights and child protection actors to deal with gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights abuses. There shall also be strict procedures in place to protect women and girls from sexual exploitation by those who control access to food assistance. Staff and the recipients of food assistance alike shall be aware of the proper channels available to them for reporting cases of abuse or attempted abuse linked to food distribution. Women, men, girls and boys shall be consulted from the outset in order to identify protection issues that need to be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1355, "Sentence":"In this context, demobilizing combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have limited buying power and their access to alternative sources of income and food security is restricted.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR context demobilizing combatant person associated armed force group limited buying power access alternative source income food security restricted ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Disarmament and Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"When DDR participants are grouped at specific locations, such as disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, in-kind food assistance is distributed in a way that is similar to a typical encampment relief situation. In this context, demobilizing combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have limited buying power and their access to alternative sources of income and food security is restricted. In addition, their health may be poor after the prolonged isolation they have experienced and the poor food they may have eaten during wartime (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may see the regular provision of food assistance as proof of the commitment by the Government and the international community to support the transition to peace. Insufficient, irregular or substandard food assistance can become a source of friction and protest. Every reasonable measure should be taken to ensure that, at the very minimum, standard rations or transfers are distributed when DDR participants are grouped together at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.If ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are present at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, the type of food supplied should normally be more varied than in standard food assistance emergency operations. Table 2 provides an example of a recommended food basket.Inclusion of fortified blended flour such as Super Cereal is essential to cover basic micronutrients and protein needs. Up to 20g of sugar can be added to meet local preferences. Fresh vegetables and fruit or other foods to increase the nutritional value of the food basket should be supplied when alternative sources can be found and if they can be stored and distributed.Standard emergency food baskets can be supplied to family dependants if they are included as beneficiaries of the DDR programme. In this context, food assistance for dependants may often be implemented in one of two possible ways. The first involves dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second involves dependants being taken or directed to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. Although food assistance should not encourage ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and\/or dependants to stay for long periods at cantonment sites, prepared foods may be served when doing so is more appropriate than creating cooking spaces and\/or providing equipment for participants to prepare their own food.DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of problems concerning protection and human rights that are especially relevant to women and girls at disarmament and demobilization sites. Codes of conduct and appropriate reporting and referral mechanisms shall be established in advance among UN agencies and human rights and child protection actors to deal with gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights abuses. There shall also be strict procedures in place to protect women and girls from sexual exploitation by those who control access to food assistance. Staff and the recipients of food assistance alike shall be aware of the proper channels available to them for reporting cases of abuse or attempted abuse linked to food distribution. Women, men, girls and boys shall be consulted from the outset in order to identify protection issues that need to be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1355, "Sentence":"In addition, their health may be poor after the prolonged isolation they have experienced and the poor food they may have eaten during wartime (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR addition health may poor prolonged isolation experienced poor food may eaten wartime see iddrs 5.70 health ddr ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Disarmament and Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"When DDR participants are grouped at specific locations, such as disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, in-kind food assistance is distributed in a way that is similar to a typical encampment relief situation. In this context, demobilizing combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have limited buying power and their access to alternative sources of income and food security is restricted. In addition, their health may be poor after the prolonged isolation they have experienced and the poor food they may have eaten during wartime (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may see the regular provision of food assistance as proof of the commitment by the Government and the international community to support the transition to peace. Insufficient, irregular or substandard food assistance can become a source of friction and protest. Every reasonable measure should be taken to ensure that, at the very minimum, standard rations or transfers are distributed when DDR participants are grouped together at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.If ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are present at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, the type of food supplied should normally be more varied than in standard food assistance emergency operations. Table 2 provides an example of a recommended food basket.Inclusion of fortified blended flour such as Super Cereal is essential to cover basic micronutrients and protein needs. Up to 20g of sugar can be added to meet local preferences. Fresh vegetables and fruit or other foods to increase the nutritional value of the food basket should be supplied when alternative sources can be found and if they can be stored and distributed.Standard emergency food baskets can be supplied to family dependants if they are included as beneficiaries of the DDR programme. In this context, food assistance for dependants may often be implemented in one of two possible ways. The first involves dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second involves dependants being taken or directed to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. Although food assistance should not encourage ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and\/or dependants to stay for long periods at cantonment sites, prepared foods may be served when doing so is more appropriate than creating cooking spaces and\/or providing equipment for participants to prepare their own food.DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of problems concerning protection and human rights that are especially relevant to women and girls at disarmament and demobilization sites. Codes of conduct and appropriate reporting and referral mechanisms shall be established in advance among UN agencies and human rights and child protection actors to deal with gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights abuses. There shall also be strict procedures in place to protect women and girls from sexual exploitation by those who control access to food assistance. Staff and the recipients of food assistance alike shall be aware of the proper channels available to them for reporting cases of abuse or attempted abuse linked to food distribution. Women, men, girls and boys shall be consulted from the outset in order to identify protection issues that need to be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1355, "Sentence":"Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may see the regular provision of food assistance as proof of the commitment by the Government and the international community to support the transition to peace.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR ex combatant person formerly associated armed force group may see regular provision food assistance proof commitment government international community support transition peace ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Disarmament and Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"When DDR participants are grouped at specific locations, such as disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, in-kind food assistance is distributed in a way that is similar to a typical encampment relief situation. In this context, demobilizing combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have limited buying power and their access to alternative sources of income and food security is restricted. In addition, their health may be poor after the prolonged isolation they have experienced and the poor food they may have eaten during wartime (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may see the regular provision of food assistance as proof of the commitment by the Government and the international community to support the transition to peace. Insufficient, irregular or substandard food assistance can become a source of friction and protest. Every reasonable measure should be taken to ensure that, at the very minimum, standard rations or transfers are distributed when DDR participants are grouped together at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.If ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are present at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, the type of food supplied should normally be more varied than in standard food assistance emergency operations. Table 2 provides an example of a recommended food basket.Inclusion of fortified blended flour such as Super Cereal is essential to cover basic micronutrients and protein needs. Up to 20g of sugar can be added to meet local preferences. Fresh vegetables and fruit or other foods to increase the nutritional value of the food basket should be supplied when alternative sources can be found and if they can be stored and distributed.Standard emergency food baskets can be supplied to family dependants if they are included as beneficiaries of the DDR programme. In this context, food assistance for dependants may often be implemented in one of two possible ways. The first involves dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second involves dependants being taken or directed to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. Although food assistance should not encourage ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and\/or dependants to stay for long periods at cantonment sites, prepared foods may be served when doing so is more appropriate than creating cooking spaces and\/or providing equipment for participants to prepare their own food.DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of problems concerning protection and human rights that are especially relevant to women and girls at disarmament and demobilization sites. Codes of conduct and appropriate reporting and referral mechanisms shall be established in advance among UN agencies and human rights and child protection actors to deal with gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights abuses. There shall also be strict procedures in place to protect women and girls from sexual exploitation by those who control access to food assistance. Staff and the recipients of food assistance alike shall be aware of the proper channels available to them for reporting cases of abuse or attempted abuse linked to food distribution. Women, men, girls and boys shall be consulted from the outset in order to identify protection issues that need to be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1355, "Sentence":"Insufficient, irregular or substandard food assistance can become a source of friction and protest.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR insufficient irregular substandard food assistance become source friction protest ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Disarmament and Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"When DDR participants are grouped at specific locations, such as disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, in-kind food assistance is distributed in a way that is similar to a typical encampment relief situation. In this context, demobilizing combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have limited buying power and their access to alternative sources of income and food security is restricted. In addition, their health may be poor after the prolonged isolation they have experienced and the poor food they may have eaten during wartime (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may see the regular provision of food assistance as proof of the commitment by the Government and the international community to support the transition to peace. Insufficient, irregular or substandard food assistance can become a source of friction and protest. Every reasonable measure should be taken to ensure that, at the very minimum, standard rations or transfers are distributed when DDR participants are grouped together at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.If ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are present at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, the type of food supplied should normally be more varied than in standard food assistance emergency operations. Table 2 provides an example of a recommended food basket.Inclusion of fortified blended flour such as Super Cereal is essential to cover basic micronutrients and protein needs. Up to 20g of sugar can be added to meet local preferences. Fresh vegetables and fruit or other foods to increase the nutritional value of the food basket should be supplied when alternative sources can be found and if they can be stored and distributed.Standard emergency food baskets can be supplied to family dependants if they are included as beneficiaries of the DDR programme. In this context, food assistance for dependants may often be implemented in one of two possible ways. The first involves dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second involves dependants being taken or directed to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. Although food assistance should not encourage ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and\/or dependants to stay for long periods at cantonment sites, prepared foods may be served when doing so is more appropriate than creating cooking spaces and\/or providing equipment for participants to prepare their own food.DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of problems concerning protection and human rights that are especially relevant to women and girls at disarmament and demobilization sites. Codes of conduct and appropriate reporting and referral mechanisms shall be established in advance among UN agencies and human rights and child protection actors to deal with gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights abuses. There shall also be strict procedures in place to protect women and girls from sexual exploitation by those who control access to food assistance. Staff and the recipients of food assistance alike shall be aware of the proper channels available to them for reporting cases of abuse or attempted abuse linked to food distribution. Women, men, girls and boys shall be consulted from the outset in order to identify protection issues that need to be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1355, "Sentence":"Every reasonable measure should be taken to ensure that, at the very minimum, standard rations or transfers are distributed when DDR participants are grouped together at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.If ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are present at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, the type of food supplied should normally be more varied than in standard food assistance emergency operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR every reasonable measure taken ensure minimum standard ration transfer distributed ddr participant grouped together disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.if excombatants person formerly associated armed force group present disarmament and\/or cantonment site type food supplied normally varied standard food assistance emergency operation ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Disarmament and Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"When DDR participants are grouped at specific locations, such as disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, in-kind food assistance is distributed in a way that is similar to a typical encampment relief situation. In this context, demobilizing combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have limited buying power and their access to alternative sources of income and food security is restricted. In addition, their health may be poor after the prolonged isolation they have experienced and the poor food they may have eaten during wartime (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may see the regular provision of food assistance as proof of the commitment by the Government and the international community to support the transition to peace. Insufficient, irregular or substandard food assistance can become a source of friction and protest. Every reasonable measure should be taken to ensure that, at the very minimum, standard rations or transfers are distributed when DDR participants are grouped together at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.If ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are present at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, the type of food supplied should normally be more varied than in standard food assistance emergency operations. Table 2 provides an example of a recommended food basket.Inclusion of fortified blended flour such as Super Cereal is essential to cover basic micronutrients and protein needs. Up to 20g of sugar can be added to meet local preferences. Fresh vegetables and fruit or other foods to increase the nutritional value of the food basket should be supplied when alternative sources can be found and if they can be stored and distributed.Standard emergency food baskets can be supplied to family dependants if they are included as beneficiaries of the DDR programme. In this context, food assistance for dependants may often be implemented in one of two possible ways. The first involves dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second involves dependants being taken or directed to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. Although food assistance should not encourage ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and\/or dependants to stay for long periods at cantonment sites, prepared foods may be served when doing so is more appropriate than creating cooking spaces and\/or providing equipment for participants to prepare their own food.DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of problems concerning protection and human rights that are especially relevant to women and girls at disarmament and demobilization sites. Codes of conduct and appropriate reporting and referral mechanisms shall be established in advance among UN agencies and human rights and child protection actors to deal with gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights abuses. There shall also be strict procedures in place to protect women and girls from sexual exploitation by those who control access to food assistance. Staff and the recipients of food assistance alike shall be aware of the proper channels available to them for reporting cases of abuse or attempted abuse linked to food distribution. Women, men, girls and boys shall be consulted from the outset in order to identify protection issues that need to be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1355, "Sentence":"Table 2 provides an example of a recommended food basket.Inclusion of fortified blended flour such as Super Cereal is essential to cover basic micronutrients and protein needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR table 2 provides example recommended food basket.inclusion fortified blended flour super cereal essential cover basic micronutrient protein need ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Disarmament and Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"When DDR participants are grouped at specific locations, such as disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, in-kind food assistance is distributed in a way that is similar to a typical encampment relief situation. In this context, demobilizing combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have limited buying power and their access to alternative sources of income and food security is restricted. In addition, their health may be poor after the prolonged isolation they have experienced and the poor food they may have eaten during wartime (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may see the regular provision of food assistance as proof of the commitment by the Government and the international community to support the transition to peace. Insufficient, irregular or substandard food assistance can become a source of friction and protest. Every reasonable measure should be taken to ensure that, at the very minimum, standard rations or transfers are distributed when DDR participants are grouped together at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.If ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are present at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, the type of food supplied should normally be more varied than in standard food assistance emergency operations. Table 2 provides an example of a recommended food basket.Inclusion of fortified blended flour such as Super Cereal is essential to cover basic micronutrients and protein needs. Up to 20g of sugar can be added to meet local preferences. Fresh vegetables and fruit or other foods to increase the nutritional value of the food basket should be supplied when alternative sources can be found and if they can be stored and distributed.Standard emergency food baskets can be supplied to family dependants if they are included as beneficiaries of the DDR programme. In this context, food assistance for dependants may often be implemented in one of two possible ways. The first involves dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second involves dependants being taken or directed to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. Although food assistance should not encourage ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and\/or dependants to stay for long periods at cantonment sites, prepared foods may be served when doing so is more appropriate than creating cooking spaces and\/or providing equipment for participants to prepare their own food.DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of problems concerning protection and human rights that are especially relevant to women and girls at disarmament and demobilization sites. Codes of conduct and appropriate reporting and referral mechanisms shall be established in advance among UN agencies and human rights and child protection actors to deal with gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights abuses. There shall also be strict procedures in place to protect women and girls from sexual exploitation by those who control access to food assistance. Staff and the recipients of food assistance alike shall be aware of the proper channels available to them for reporting cases of abuse or attempted abuse linked to food distribution. Women, men, girls and boys shall be consulted from the outset in order to identify protection issues that need to be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1355, "Sentence":"Up to 20g of sugar can be added to meet local preferences.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR 20g sugar added meet local preference ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Disarmament and Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"When DDR participants are grouped at specific locations, such as disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, in-kind food assistance is distributed in a way that is similar to a typical encampment relief situation. In this context, demobilizing combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have limited buying power and their access to alternative sources of income and food security is restricted. In addition, their health may be poor after the prolonged isolation they have experienced and the poor food they may have eaten during wartime (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may see the regular provision of food assistance as proof of the commitment by the Government and the international community to support the transition to peace. Insufficient, irregular or substandard food assistance can become a source of friction and protest. Every reasonable measure should be taken to ensure that, at the very minimum, standard rations or transfers are distributed when DDR participants are grouped together at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.If ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are present at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, the type of food supplied should normally be more varied than in standard food assistance emergency operations. Table 2 provides an example of a recommended food basket.Inclusion of fortified blended flour such as Super Cereal is essential to cover basic micronutrients and protein needs. Up to 20g of sugar can be added to meet local preferences. Fresh vegetables and fruit or other foods to increase the nutritional value of the food basket should be supplied when alternative sources can be found and if they can be stored and distributed.Standard emergency food baskets can be supplied to family dependants if they are included as beneficiaries of the DDR programme. In this context, food assistance for dependants may often be implemented in one of two possible ways. The first involves dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second involves dependants being taken or directed to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. Although food assistance should not encourage ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and\/or dependants to stay for long periods at cantonment sites, prepared foods may be served when doing so is more appropriate than creating cooking spaces and\/or providing equipment for participants to prepare their own food.DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of problems concerning protection and human rights that are especially relevant to women and girls at disarmament and demobilization sites. Codes of conduct and appropriate reporting and referral mechanisms shall be established in advance among UN agencies and human rights and child protection actors to deal with gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights abuses. There shall also be strict procedures in place to protect women and girls from sexual exploitation by those who control access to food assistance. Staff and the recipients of food assistance alike shall be aware of the proper channels available to them for reporting cases of abuse or attempted abuse linked to food distribution. Women, men, girls and boys shall be consulted from the outset in order to identify protection issues that need to be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1355, "Sentence":"Fresh vegetables and fruit or other foods to increase the nutritional value of the food basket should be supplied when alternative sources can be found and if they can be stored and distributed.Standard emergency food baskets can be supplied to family dependants if they are included as beneficiaries of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR fresh vegetable fruit food increase nutritional value food basket supplied alternative source found stored distributed.standard emergency food basket supplied family dependant included beneficiary ddr programme ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Disarmament and Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"When DDR participants are grouped at specific locations, such as disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, in-kind food assistance is distributed in a way that is similar to a typical encampment relief situation. In this context, demobilizing combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have limited buying power and their access to alternative sources of income and food security is restricted. In addition, their health may be poor after the prolonged isolation they have experienced and the poor food they may have eaten during wartime (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may see the regular provision of food assistance as proof of the commitment by the Government and the international community to support the transition to peace. Insufficient, irregular or substandard food assistance can become a source of friction and protest. Every reasonable measure should be taken to ensure that, at the very minimum, standard rations or transfers are distributed when DDR participants are grouped together at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.If ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are present at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, the type of food supplied should normally be more varied than in standard food assistance emergency operations. Table 2 provides an example of a recommended food basket.Inclusion of fortified blended flour such as Super Cereal is essential to cover basic micronutrients and protein needs. Up to 20g of sugar can be added to meet local preferences. Fresh vegetables and fruit or other foods to increase the nutritional value of the food basket should be supplied when alternative sources can be found and if they can be stored and distributed.Standard emergency food baskets can be supplied to family dependants if they are included as beneficiaries of the DDR programme. In this context, food assistance for dependants may often be implemented in one of two possible ways. The first involves dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second involves dependants being taken or directed to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. Although food assistance should not encourage ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and\/or dependants to stay for long periods at cantonment sites, prepared foods may be served when doing so is more appropriate than creating cooking spaces and\/or providing equipment for participants to prepare their own food.DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of problems concerning protection and human rights that are especially relevant to women and girls at disarmament and demobilization sites. Codes of conduct and appropriate reporting and referral mechanisms shall be established in advance among UN agencies and human rights and child protection actors to deal with gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights abuses. There shall also be strict procedures in place to protect women and girls from sexual exploitation by those who control access to food assistance. Staff and the recipients of food assistance alike shall be aware of the proper channels available to them for reporting cases of abuse or attempted abuse linked to food distribution. Women, men, girls and boys shall be consulted from the outset in order to identify protection issues that need to be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1355, "Sentence":"In this context, food assistance for dependants may often be implemented in one of two possible ways.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR context food assistance dependant may often implemented one two possible way ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Disarmament and Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"When DDR participants are grouped at specific locations, such as disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, in-kind food assistance is distributed in a way that is similar to a typical encampment relief situation. In this context, demobilizing combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have limited buying power and their access to alternative sources of income and food security is restricted. In addition, their health may be poor after the prolonged isolation they have experienced and the poor food they may have eaten during wartime (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may see the regular provision of food assistance as proof of the commitment by the Government and the international community to support the transition to peace. Insufficient, irregular or substandard food assistance can become a source of friction and protest. Every reasonable measure should be taken to ensure that, at the very minimum, standard rations or transfers are distributed when DDR participants are grouped together at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.If ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are present at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, the type of food supplied should normally be more varied than in standard food assistance emergency operations. Table 2 provides an example of a recommended food basket.Inclusion of fortified blended flour such as Super Cereal is essential to cover basic micronutrients and protein needs. Up to 20g of sugar can be added to meet local preferences. Fresh vegetables and fruit or other foods to increase the nutritional value of the food basket should be supplied when alternative sources can be found and if they can be stored and distributed.Standard emergency food baskets can be supplied to family dependants if they are included as beneficiaries of the DDR programme. In this context, food assistance for dependants may often be implemented in one of two possible ways. The first involves dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second involves dependants being taken or directed to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. Although food assistance should not encourage ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and\/or dependants to stay for long periods at cantonment sites, prepared foods may be served when doing so is more appropriate than creating cooking spaces and\/or providing equipment for participants to prepare their own food.DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of problems concerning protection and human rights that are especially relevant to women and girls at disarmament and demobilization sites. Codes of conduct and appropriate reporting and referral mechanisms shall be established in advance among UN agencies and human rights and child protection actors to deal with gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights abuses. There shall also be strict procedures in place to protect women and girls from sexual exploitation by those who control access to food assistance. Staff and the recipients of food assistance alike shall be aware of the proper channels available to them for reporting cases of abuse or attempted abuse linked to food distribution. Women, men, girls and boys shall be consulted from the outset in order to identify protection issues that need to be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1355, "Sentence":"The first involves dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR first involves dependant cantoned separate nearby camp combatant disarmed demobilized ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Disarmament and Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"When DDR participants are grouped at specific locations, such as disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, in-kind food assistance is distributed in a way that is similar to a typical encampment relief situation. In this context, demobilizing combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have limited buying power and their access to alternative sources of income and food security is restricted. In addition, their health may be poor after the prolonged isolation they have experienced and the poor food they may have eaten during wartime (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may see the regular provision of food assistance as proof of the commitment by the Government and the international community to support the transition to peace. Insufficient, irregular or substandard food assistance can become a source of friction and protest. Every reasonable measure should be taken to ensure that, at the very minimum, standard rations or transfers are distributed when DDR participants are grouped together at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.If ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are present at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, the type of food supplied should normally be more varied than in standard food assistance emergency operations. Table 2 provides an example of a recommended food basket.Inclusion of fortified blended flour such as Super Cereal is essential to cover basic micronutrients and protein needs. Up to 20g of sugar can be added to meet local preferences. Fresh vegetables and fruit or other foods to increase the nutritional value of the food basket should be supplied when alternative sources can be found and if they can be stored and distributed.Standard emergency food baskets can be supplied to family dependants if they are included as beneficiaries of the DDR programme. In this context, food assistance for dependants may often be implemented in one of two possible ways. The first involves dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second involves dependants being taken or directed to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. Although food assistance should not encourage ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and\/or dependants to stay for long periods at cantonment sites, prepared foods may be served when doing so is more appropriate than creating cooking spaces and\/or providing equipment for participants to prepare their own food.DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of problems concerning protection and human rights that are especially relevant to women and girls at disarmament and demobilization sites. Codes of conduct and appropriate reporting and referral mechanisms shall be established in advance among UN agencies and human rights and child protection actors to deal with gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights abuses. There shall also be strict procedures in place to protect women and girls from sexual exploitation by those who control access to food assistance. Staff and the recipients of food assistance alike shall be aware of the proper channels available to them for reporting cases of abuse or attempted abuse linked to food distribution. Women, men, girls and boys shall be consulted from the outset in order to identify protection issues that need to be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1355, "Sentence":"The second involves dependants being taken or directed to their communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR second involves dependant taken directed community ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Disarmament and Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"When DDR participants are grouped at specific locations, such as disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, in-kind food assistance is distributed in a way that is similar to a typical encampment relief situation. In this context, demobilizing combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have limited buying power and their access to alternative sources of income and food security is restricted. In addition, their health may be poor after the prolonged isolation they have experienced and the poor food they may have eaten during wartime (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may see the regular provision of food assistance as proof of the commitment by the Government and the international community to support the transition to peace. Insufficient, irregular or substandard food assistance can become a source of friction and protest. Every reasonable measure should be taken to ensure that, at the very minimum, standard rations or transfers are distributed when DDR participants are grouped together at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.If ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are present at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, the type of food supplied should normally be more varied than in standard food assistance emergency operations. Table 2 provides an example of a recommended food basket.Inclusion of fortified blended flour such as Super Cereal is essential to cover basic micronutrients and protein needs. Up to 20g of sugar can be added to meet local preferences. Fresh vegetables and fruit or other foods to increase the nutritional value of the food basket should be supplied when alternative sources can be found and if they can be stored and distributed.Standard emergency food baskets can be supplied to family dependants if they are included as beneficiaries of the DDR programme. In this context, food assistance for dependants may often be implemented in one of two possible ways. The first involves dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second involves dependants being taken or directed to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. Although food assistance should not encourage ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and\/or dependants to stay for long periods at cantonment sites, prepared foods may be served when doing so is more appropriate than creating cooking spaces and\/or providing equipment for participants to prepare their own food.DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of problems concerning protection and human rights that are especially relevant to women and girls at disarmament and demobilization sites. Codes of conduct and appropriate reporting and referral mechanisms shall be established in advance among UN agencies and human rights and child protection actors to deal with gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights abuses. There shall also be strict procedures in place to protect women and girls from sexual exploitation by those who control access to food assistance. Staff and the recipients of food assistance alike shall be aware of the proper channels available to them for reporting cases of abuse or attempted abuse linked to food distribution. Women, men, girls and boys shall be consulted from the outset in order to identify protection issues that need to be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1355, "Sentence":"These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR two approach would require different method distributing food assistance ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Disarmament and Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"When DDR participants are grouped at specific locations, such as disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, in-kind food assistance is distributed in a way that is similar to a typical encampment relief situation. In this context, demobilizing combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have limited buying power and their access to alternative sources of income and food security is restricted. In addition, their health may be poor after the prolonged isolation they have experienced and the poor food they may have eaten during wartime (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may see the regular provision of food assistance as proof of the commitment by the Government and the international community to support the transition to peace. Insufficient, irregular or substandard food assistance can become a source of friction and protest. Every reasonable measure should be taken to ensure that, at the very minimum, standard rations or transfers are distributed when DDR participants are grouped together at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.If ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are present at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, the type of food supplied should normally be more varied than in standard food assistance emergency operations. Table 2 provides an example of a recommended food basket.Inclusion of fortified blended flour such as Super Cereal is essential to cover basic micronutrients and protein needs. Up to 20g of sugar can be added to meet local preferences. Fresh vegetables and fruit or other foods to increase the nutritional value of the food basket should be supplied when alternative sources can be found and if they can be stored and distributed.Standard emergency food baskets can be supplied to family dependants if they are included as beneficiaries of the DDR programme. In this context, food assistance for dependants may often be implemented in one of two possible ways. The first involves dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second involves dependants being taken or directed to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. Although food assistance should not encourage ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and\/or dependants to stay for long periods at cantonment sites, prepared foods may be served when doing so is more appropriate than creating cooking spaces and\/or providing equipment for participants to prepare their own food.DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of problems concerning protection and human rights that are especially relevant to women and girls at disarmament and demobilization sites. Codes of conduct and appropriate reporting and referral mechanisms shall be established in advance among UN agencies and human rights and child protection actors to deal with gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights abuses. There shall also be strict procedures in place to protect women and girls from sexual exploitation by those who control access to food assistance. Staff and the recipients of food assistance alike shall be aware of the proper channels available to them for reporting cases of abuse or attempted abuse linked to food distribution. Women, men, girls and boys shall be consulted from the outset in order to identify protection issues that need to be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1355, "Sentence":"Although food assistance should not encourage ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and\/or dependants to stay for long periods at cantonment sites, prepared foods may be served when doing so is more appropriate than creating cooking spaces and\/or providing equipment for participants to prepare their own food.DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of problems concerning protection and human rights that are especially relevant to women and girls at disarmament and demobilization sites.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR although food assistance encourage excombatants person formerly associated armed force group and\/or dependant stay long period cantonment site prepared food may served appropriate creating cooking space and\/or providing equipment participant prepare food.ddr practitioner food assistance staff shall aware problem concerning protection human right especially relevant woman girl disarmament demobilization site ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Disarmament and Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"When DDR participants are grouped at specific locations, such as disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, in-kind food assistance is distributed in a way that is similar to a typical encampment relief situation. In this context, demobilizing combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have limited buying power and their access to alternative sources of income and food security is restricted. In addition, their health may be poor after the prolonged isolation they have experienced and the poor food they may have eaten during wartime (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may see the regular provision of food assistance as proof of the commitment by the Government and the international community to support the transition to peace. Insufficient, irregular or substandard food assistance can become a source of friction and protest. Every reasonable measure should be taken to ensure that, at the very minimum, standard rations or transfers are distributed when DDR participants are grouped together at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.If ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are present at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, the type of food supplied should normally be more varied than in standard food assistance emergency operations. Table 2 provides an example of a recommended food basket.Inclusion of fortified blended flour such as Super Cereal is essential to cover basic micronutrients and protein needs. Up to 20g of sugar can be added to meet local preferences. Fresh vegetables and fruit or other foods to increase the nutritional value of the food basket should be supplied when alternative sources can be found and if they can be stored and distributed.Standard emergency food baskets can be supplied to family dependants if they are included as beneficiaries of the DDR programme. In this context, food assistance for dependants may often be implemented in one of two possible ways. The first involves dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second involves dependants being taken or directed to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. Although food assistance should not encourage ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and\/or dependants to stay for long periods at cantonment sites, prepared foods may be served when doing so is more appropriate than creating cooking spaces and\/or providing equipment for participants to prepare their own food.DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of problems concerning protection and human rights that are especially relevant to women and girls at disarmament and demobilization sites. Codes of conduct and appropriate reporting and referral mechanisms shall be established in advance among UN agencies and human rights and child protection actors to deal with gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights abuses. There shall also be strict procedures in place to protect women and girls from sexual exploitation by those who control access to food assistance. Staff and the recipients of food assistance alike shall be aware of the proper channels available to them for reporting cases of abuse or attempted abuse linked to food distribution. Women, men, girls and boys shall be consulted from the outset in order to identify protection issues that need to be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1355, "Sentence":"Codes of conduct and appropriate reporting and referral mechanisms shall be established in advance among UN agencies and human rights and child protection actors to deal with gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights abuses.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR code conduct appropriate reporting referral mechanism shall established advance among un agency human right child protection actor deal genderbased violence sexual exploitation abuse human right abuse ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Disarmament and Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"When DDR participants are grouped at specific locations, such as disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, in-kind food assistance is distributed in a way that is similar to a typical encampment relief situation. In this context, demobilizing combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have limited buying power and their access to alternative sources of income and food security is restricted. In addition, their health may be poor after the prolonged isolation they have experienced and the poor food they may have eaten during wartime (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may see the regular provision of food assistance as proof of the commitment by the Government and the international community to support the transition to peace. Insufficient, irregular or substandard food assistance can become a source of friction and protest. Every reasonable measure should be taken to ensure that, at the very minimum, standard rations or transfers are distributed when DDR participants are grouped together at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.If ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are present at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, the type of food supplied should normally be more varied than in standard food assistance emergency operations. Table 2 provides an example of a recommended food basket.Inclusion of fortified blended flour such as Super Cereal is essential to cover basic micronutrients and protein needs. Up to 20g of sugar can be added to meet local preferences. Fresh vegetables and fruit or other foods to increase the nutritional value of the food basket should be supplied when alternative sources can be found and if they can be stored and distributed.Standard emergency food baskets can be supplied to family dependants if they are included as beneficiaries of the DDR programme. In this context, food assistance for dependants may often be implemented in one of two possible ways. The first involves dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second involves dependants being taken or directed to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. Although food assistance should not encourage ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and\/or dependants to stay for long periods at cantonment sites, prepared foods may be served when doing so is more appropriate than creating cooking spaces and\/or providing equipment for participants to prepare their own food.DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of problems concerning protection and human rights that are especially relevant to women and girls at disarmament and demobilization sites. Codes of conduct and appropriate reporting and referral mechanisms shall be established in advance among UN agencies and human rights and child protection actors to deal with gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights abuses. There shall also be strict procedures in place to protect women and girls from sexual exploitation by those who control access to food assistance. Staff and the recipients of food assistance alike shall be aware of the proper channels available to them for reporting cases of abuse or attempted abuse linked to food distribution. Women, men, girls and boys shall be consulted from the outset in order to identify protection issues that need to be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1355, "Sentence":"There shall also be strict procedures in place to protect women and girls from sexual exploitation by those who control access to food assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR shall also strict procedure place protect woman girl sexual exploitation control access food assistance ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Disarmament and Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"When DDR participants are grouped at specific locations, such as disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, in-kind food assistance is distributed in a way that is similar to a typical encampment relief situation. In this context, demobilizing combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have limited buying power and their access to alternative sources of income and food security is restricted. In addition, their health may be poor after the prolonged isolation they have experienced and the poor food they may have eaten during wartime (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may see the regular provision of food assistance as proof of the commitment by the Government and the international community to support the transition to peace. Insufficient, irregular or substandard food assistance can become a source of friction and protest. Every reasonable measure should be taken to ensure that, at the very minimum, standard rations or transfers are distributed when DDR participants are grouped together at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.If ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are present at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, the type of food supplied should normally be more varied than in standard food assistance emergency operations. Table 2 provides an example of a recommended food basket.Inclusion of fortified blended flour such as Super Cereal is essential to cover basic micronutrients and protein needs. Up to 20g of sugar can be added to meet local preferences. Fresh vegetables and fruit or other foods to increase the nutritional value of the food basket should be supplied when alternative sources can be found and if they can be stored and distributed.Standard emergency food baskets can be supplied to family dependants if they are included as beneficiaries of the DDR programme. In this context, food assistance for dependants may often be implemented in one of two possible ways. The first involves dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second involves dependants being taken or directed to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. Although food assistance should not encourage ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and\/or dependants to stay for long periods at cantonment sites, prepared foods may be served when doing so is more appropriate than creating cooking spaces and\/or providing equipment for participants to prepare their own food.DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of problems concerning protection and human rights that are especially relevant to women and girls at disarmament and demobilization sites. Codes of conduct and appropriate reporting and referral mechanisms shall be established in advance among UN agencies and human rights and child protection actors to deal with gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights abuses. There shall also be strict procedures in place to protect women and girls from sexual exploitation by those who control access to food assistance. Staff and the recipients of food assistance alike shall be aware of the proper channels available to them for reporting cases of abuse or attempted abuse linked to food distribution. Women, men, girls and boys shall be consulted from the outset in order to identify protection issues that need to be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1355, "Sentence":"Staff and the recipients of food assistance alike shall be aware of the proper channels available to them for reporting cases of abuse or attempted abuse linked to food distribution.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR staff recipient food assistance alike shall aware proper channel available reporting case abuse attempted abuse linked food distribution ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Disarmament and Demobilization", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"When DDR participants are grouped at specific locations, such as disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, in-kind food assistance is distributed in a way that is similar to a typical encampment relief situation. In this context, demobilizing combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups have limited buying power and their access to alternative sources of income and food security is restricted. In addition, their health may be poor after the prolonged isolation they have experienced and the poor food they may have eaten during wartime (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR). Ex- combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may see the regular provision of food assistance as proof of the commitment by the Government and the international community to support the transition to peace. Insufficient, irregular or substandard food assistance can become a source of friction and protest. Every reasonable measure should be taken to ensure that, at the very minimum, standard rations or transfers are distributed when DDR participants are grouped together at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites.If ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are present at disarmament and\/or cantonment sites, the type of food supplied should normally be more varied than in standard food assistance emergency operations. Table 2 provides an example of a recommended food basket.Inclusion of fortified blended flour such as Super Cereal is essential to cover basic micronutrients and protein needs. Up to 20g of sugar can be added to meet local preferences. Fresh vegetables and fruit or other foods to increase the nutritional value of the food basket should be supplied when alternative sources can be found and if they can be stored and distributed.Standard emergency food baskets can be supplied to family dependants if they are included as beneficiaries of the DDR programme. In this context, food assistance for dependants may often be implemented in one of two possible ways. The first involves dependants being cantoned in a separate, nearby camp while combatants are disarmed and demobilized. The second involves dependants being taken or directed to their communities. These two approaches would require different methods for distributing food assistance. Although food assistance should not encourage ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups and\/or dependants to stay for long periods at cantonment sites, prepared foods may be served when doing so is more appropriate than creating cooking spaces and\/or providing equipment for participants to prepare their own food.DDR practitioners and food assistance staff shall be aware of problems concerning protection and human rights that are especially relevant to women and girls at disarmament and demobilization sites. Codes of conduct and appropriate reporting and referral mechanisms shall be established in advance among UN agencies and human rights and child protection actors to deal with gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and human rights abuses. There shall also be strict procedures in place to protect women and girls from sexual exploitation by those who control access to food assistance. Staff and the recipients of food assistance alike shall be aware of the proper channels available to them for reporting cases of abuse or attempted abuse linked to food distribution. Women, men, girls and boys shall be consulted from the outset in order to identify protection issues that need to be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1355, "Sentence":"Women, men, girls and boys shall be consulted from the outset in order to identify protection issues that need to be taken into account.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR woman men girl boy shall consulted outset order identify protection issue need taken account ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Reinsertion", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"If a DDR programme is underway, food assistance can be part of a broader reinsertion package made available by Governments and the international community (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Food assistance can form part of a transitional safety net and support the establishment of medium- term household food security.In this scenario, food assistance can be provided as a take-home package (for those leaving cantonment sites) and\/or can be provided in the community. In communities that have access to functional markets, and where there is a reliable financial network, CBTs are likely to be a useful option during the reinsertion phase, as these transfers provide recipients with the flexibility to redeem the entitlement in the location and moment they prefer, according to their needs. When CBTs are dispensed through financial service providers who offer additional financial services, linking the food assistance to a financial inclusion objective can help to facilitate reinsertion. Where CBTs are not possible for contextual or infrastructural reasons, in-kind assistance can be considered for take-home rations.A general guideline is that food assistance in the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme should not be provided for longer than a year; however, benefits should also be appropriate to the particular context. The following factors should be taken into account when deciding on the length of time the transfer should cover: \\n Whether ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be transported by vehicle to the relevant communities or whether they will have to carry the ration (if in-kind) (the latter may require protection mechanisms for women or other vulnerable groups); \\n The level of assistance when they reach the community; \\n The resources available to the food component of the DDR programme; \\n The timing and expected yields\/production of the next harvest; \\n The prospects for the re-establishment of employment and other income-generating activities, or the creation of new opportunities; \\n The overall food policy for the area, taking into account the total economic, social and ecological situation and related recovery and development activities.The aim shall always be to encourage the re-establishment of self-reliance from the earliest possible moment, therefore minimizing the possible negative effects of distributing food assistance over a long period of time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1356, "Sentence":"If a DDR programme is underway, food assistance can be part of a broader reinsertion package made available by Governments and the international community (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR ddr programme underway food assistance part broader reinsertion package made available government international community see iddrs 4.20 demobilization ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Reinsertion", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"If a DDR programme is underway, food assistance can be part of a broader reinsertion package made available by Governments and the international community (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Food assistance can form part of a transitional safety net and support the establishment of medium- term household food security.In this scenario, food assistance can be provided as a take-home package (for those leaving cantonment sites) and\/or can be provided in the community. In communities that have access to functional markets, and where there is a reliable financial network, CBTs are likely to be a useful option during the reinsertion phase, as these transfers provide recipients with the flexibility to redeem the entitlement in the location and moment they prefer, according to their needs. When CBTs are dispensed through financial service providers who offer additional financial services, linking the food assistance to a financial inclusion objective can help to facilitate reinsertion. Where CBTs are not possible for contextual or infrastructural reasons, in-kind assistance can be considered for take-home rations.A general guideline is that food assistance in the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme should not be provided for longer than a year; however, benefits should also be appropriate to the particular context. The following factors should be taken into account when deciding on the length of time the transfer should cover: \\n Whether ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be transported by vehicle to the relevant communities or whether they will have to carry the ration (if in-kind) (the latter may require protection mechanisms for women or other vulnerable groups); \\n The level of assistance when they reach the community; \\n The resources available to the food component of the DDR programme; \\n The timing and expected yields\/production of the next harvest; \\n The prospects for the re-establishment of employment and other income-generating activities, or the creation of new opportunities; \\n The overall food policy for the area, taking into account the total economic, social and ecological situation and related recovery and development activities.The aim shall always be to encourage the re-establishment of self-reliance from the earliest possible moment, therefore minimizing the possible negative effects of distributing food assistance over a long period of time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1356, "Sentence":"Food assistance can form part of a transitional safety net and support the establishment of medium- term household food security.In this scenario, food assistance can be provided as a take-home package (for those leaving cantonment sites) and\/or can be provided in the community.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance form part transitional safety net support establishment medium term household food security.in scenario food assistance provided takehome package leaving cantonment site and\/or provided community ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Reinsertion", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"If a DDR programme is underway, food assistance can be part of a broader reinsertion package made available by Governments and the international community (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Food assistance can form part of a transitional safety net and support the establishment of medium- term household food security.In this scenario, food assistance can be provided as a take-home package (for those leaving cantonment sites) and\/or can be provided in the community. In communities that have access to functional markets, and where there is a reliable financial network, CBTs are likely to be a useful option during the reinsertion phase, as these transfers provide recipients with the flexibility to redeem the entitlement in the location and moment they prefer, according to their needs. When CBTs are dispensed through financial service providers who offer additional financial services, linking the food assistance to a financial inclusion objective can help to facilitate reinsertion. Where CBTs are not possible for contextual or infrastructural reasons, in-kind assistance can be considered for take-home rations.A general guideline is that food assistance in the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme should not be provided for longer than a year; however, benefits should also be appropriate to the particular context. The following factors should be taken into account when deciding on the length of time the transfer should cover: \\n Whether ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be transported by vehicle to the relevant communities or whether they will have to carry the ration (if in-kind) (the latter may require protection mechanisms for women or other vulnerable groups); \\n The level of assistance when they reach the community; \\n The resources available to the food component of the DDR programme; \\n The timing and expected yields\/production of the next harvest; \\n The prospects for the re-establishment of employment and other income-generating activities, or the creation of new opportunities; \\n The overall food policy for the area, taking into account the total economic, social and ecological situation and related recovery and development activities.The aim shall always be to encourage the re-establishment of self-reliance from the earliest possible moment, therefore minimizing the possible negative effects of distributing food assistance over a long period of time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1356, "Sentence":"In communities that have access to functional markets, and where there is a reliable financial network, CBTs are likely to be a useful option during the reinsertion phase, as these transfers provide recipients with the flexibility to redeem the entitlement in the location and moment they prefer, according to their needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR community access functional market reliable financial network cbts likely useful option reinsertion phase transfer provide recipient flexibility redeem entitlement location moment prefer according need ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Reinsertion", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"If a DDR programme is underway, food assistance can be part of a broader reinsertion package made available by Governments and the international community (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Food assistance can form part of a transitional safety net and support the establishment of medium- term household food security.In this scenario, food assistance can be provided as a take-home package (for those leaving cantonment sites) and\/or can be provided in the community. In communities that have access to functional markets, and where there is a reliable financial network, CBTs are likely to be a useful option during the reinsertion phase, as these transfers provide recipients with the flexibility to redeem the entitlement in the location and moment they prefer, according to their needs. When CBTs are dispensed through financial service providers who offer additional financial services, linking the food assistance to a financial inclusion objective can help to facilitate reinsertion. Where CBTs are not possible for contextual or infrastructural reasons, in-kind assistance can be considered for take-home rations.A general guideline is that food assistance in the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme should not be provided for longer than a year; however, benefits should also be appropriate to the particular context. The following factors should be taken into account when deciding on the length of time the transfer should cover: \\n Whether ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be transported by vehicle to the relevant communities or whether they will have to carry the ration (if in-kind) (the latter may require protection mechanisms for women or other vulnerable groups); \\n The level of assistance when they reach the community; \\n The resources available to the food component of the DDR programme; \\n The timing and expected yields\/production of the next harvest; \\n The prospects for the re-establishment of employment and other income-generating activities, or the creation of new opportunities; \\n The overall food policy for the area, taking into account the total economic, social and ecological situation and related recovery and development activities.The aim shall always be to encourage the re-establishment of self-reliance from the earliest possible moment, therefore minimizing the possible negative effects of distributing food assistance over a long period of time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1356, "Sentence":"When CBTs are dispensed through financial service providers who offer additional financial services, linking the food assistance to a financial inclusion objective can help to facilitate reinsertion.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR cbts dispensed financial service provider offer additional financial service linking food assistance financial inclusion objective help facilitate reinsertion ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Reinsertion", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"If a DDR programme is underway, food assistance can be part of a broader reinsertion package made available by Governments and the international community (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Food assistance can form part of a transitional safety net and support the establishment of medium- term household food security.In this scenario, food assistance can be provided as a take-home package (for those leaving cantonment sites) and\/or can be provided in the community. In communities that have access to functional markets, and where there is a reliable financial network, CBTs are likely to be a useful option during the reinsertion phase, as these transfers provide recipients with the flexibility to redeem the entitlement in the location and moment they prefer, according to their needs. When CBTs are dispensed through financial service providers who offer additional financial services, linking the food assistance to a financial inclusion objective can help to facilitate reinsertion. Where CBTs are not possible for contextual or infrastructural reasons, in-kind assistance can be considered for take-home rations.A general guideline is that food assistance in the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme should not be provided for longer than a year; however, benefits should also be appropriate to the particular context. The following factors should be taken into account when deciding on the length of time the transfer should cover: \\n Whether ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be transported by vehicle to the relevant communities or whether they will have to carry the ration (if in-kind) (the latter may require protection mechanisms for women or other vulnerable groups); \\n The level of assistance when they reach the community; \\n The resources available to the food component of the DDR programme; \\n The timing and expected yields\/production of the next harvest; \\n The prospects for the re-establishment of employment and other income-generating activities, or the creation of new opportunities; \\n The overall food policy for the area, taking into account the total economic, social and ecological situation and related recovery and development activities.The aim shall always be to encourage the re-establishment of self-reliance from the earliest possible moment, therefore minimizing the possible negative effects of distributing food assistance over a long period of time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1356, "Sentence":"Where CBTs are not possible for contextual or infrastructural reasons, in-kind assistance can be considered for take-home rations.A general guideline is that food assistance in the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme should not be provided for longer than a year; however, benefits should also be appropriate to the particular context.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR cbts possible contextual infrastructural reason inkind assistance considered takehome rations.a general guideline food assistance reinsertion phase ddr programme provided longer year however benefit also appropriate particular context ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.1. The Charter of the United Nations", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Reinsertion", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"If a DDR programme is underway, food assistance can be part of a broader reinsertion package made available by Governments and the international community (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Food assistance can form part of a transitional safety net and support the establishment of medium- term household food security.In this scenario, food assistance can be provided as a take-home package (for those leaving cantonment sites) and\/or can be provided in the community. In communities that have access to functional markets, and where there is a reliable financial network, CBTs are likely to be a useful option during the reinsertion phase, as these transfers provide recipients with the flexibility to redeem the entitlement in the location and moment they prefer, according to their needs. When CBTs are dispensed through financial service providers who offer additional financial services, linking the food assistance to a financial inclusion objective can help to facilitate reinsertion. Where CBTs are not possible for contextual or infrastructural reasons, in-kind assistance can be considered for take-home rations.A general guideline is that food assistance in the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme should not be provided for longer than a year; however, benefits should also be appropriate to the particular context. The following factors should be taken into account when deciding on the length of time the transfer should cover: \\n Whether ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be transported by vehicle to the relevant communities or whether they will have to carry the ration (if in-kind) (the latter may require protection mechanisms for women or other vulnerable groups); \\n The level of assistance when they reach the community; \\n The resources available to the food component of the DDR programme; \\n The timing and expected yields\/production of the next harvest; \\n The prospects for the re-establishment of employment and other income-generating activities, or the creation of new opportunities; \\n The overall food policy for the area, taking into account the total economic, social and ecological situation and related recovery and development activities.The aim shall always be to encourage the re-establishment of self-reliance from the earliest possible moment, therefore minimizing the possible negative effects of distributing food assistance over a long period of time.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1356, "Sentence":"The following factors should be taken into account when deciding on the length of time the transfer should cover: \\n Whether ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups will be transported by vehicle to the relevant communities or whether they will have to carry the ration (if in-kind) (the latter may require protection mechanisms for women or other vulnerable groups); \\n The level of assistance when they reach the community; \\n The resources available to the food component of the DDR programme; \\n The timing and expected yields\/production of the next harvest; \\n The prospects for the re-establishment of employment and other income-generating activities, or the creation of new opportunities; \\n The overall food policy for the area, taking into account the total economic, social and ecological situation and related recovery and development activities.The aim shall always be to encourage the re-establishment of self-reliance from the earliest possible moment, therefore minimizing the possible negative effects of distributing food assistance over a long period of time.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR following factor taken account deciding length time transfer cover n whether excombatants person formerly associated armed force group transported vehicle relevant community whether carry ration inkind latter may require protection mechanism woman vulnerable group n level assistance reach community n resource available food component ddr programme n timing expected yields\/production next harvest n prospect reestablishment employment incomegenerating activity creation new opportunity n overall food policy area taking account total economic social ecological situation related recovery development activities.the aim shall always encourage reestablishment selfreliance earliest possible moment therefore minimizing possible negative effect distributing food assistance long period time ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.2 Food assistance and reintegration support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can be provided as part of a DDR programme, or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place. In both instances, the role of food assistance will depend on the type of reintegration support provided and whether any form of targeting is applied (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). DDR participants and beneficiaries will often eventually be included in a community-based approach and access food in the same way as members of these communities, rather than receive special entitlements. Ultimately, they should be seen as part of the community and, if in need of assistance, take part in programmes covering broader recovery efforts.In broader operations in post-conflict environments during the recovery phase, where there are pockets of relative security and political stability and greater access to groups in need, general free food distribution is gradually replaced by help directed at particular groups, to develop the ability of affected populations to meet their own food needs and work towards long-term food security. Activities should be closely linked to efforts to restart positive coping mechanisms and methods of households supplying their own food by growing it themselves or earning the money to buy it.The following food assistance activities could be implemented when support to reintegration is provided as part of a DDR process within or outside a DDR programme: \\n Supporting communities through FFA activities that directly benefit the selected populations; \\n Providing support, in particular nutrition interventions, directed at specific vulnerable groups; \\n Providing support to restore production capacity and increase food production by households; \\n Providing support (training, equipment, seeds and agricultural inputs) to selected populations or the wider community to restart agricultural production, enhance post-harvest management, identify market access options, and organise farmers to work and sell collectively; \\n Providing support for local markets through CBTs, buying supplies for DDR processes locally, encouraging private-sector involvement in food transport and delivery, and supporting social market outlets and community-based activities such as small enterprises for both women and men, and linking CBT programmes to a financial inclusion objective; \\n Encouraging participation in education and skills training (school feeding with nutrition education, FFT, education, adult literacy); \\n Maintaining the capacity to respond to emergencies and setbacks; \\n Expanding emergency rehabilitation projects (i.e., projects which rehabilitate local infrastructure) and reintegration projects; \\n Running household food security projects (urban\/rural).The link between learning and nutrition is well established, and inter-agency collaboration should ensure that all those who enter training and education programmes in the reintegration period are properly nourished. Different nutritional needs for girls and boys and women and men should be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1357, "Sentence":"Reintegration support can be provided as part of a DDR programme, or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR reintegration support provided part ddr programme precondition ddr programme place ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.2 Food assistance and reintegration support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can be provided as part of a DDR programme, or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place. In both instances, the role of food assistance will depend on the type of reintegration support provided and whether any form of targeting is applied (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). DDR participants and beneficiaries will often eventually be included in a community-based approach and access food in the same way as members of these communities, rather than receive special entitlements. Ultimately, they should be seen as part of the community and, if in need of assistance, take part in programmes covering broader recovery efforts.In broader operations in post-conflict environments during the recovery phase, where there are pockets of relative security and political stability and greater access to groups in need, general free food distribution is gradually replaced by help directed at particular groups, to develop the ability of affected populations to meet their own food needs and work towards long-term food security. Activities should be closely linked to efforts to restart positive coping mechanisms and methods of households supplying their own food by growing it themselves or earning the money to buy it.The following food assistance activities could be implemented when support to reintegration is provided as part of a DDR process within or outside a DDR programme: \\n Supporting communities through FFA activities that directly benefit the selected populations; \\n Providing support, in particular nutrition interventions, directed at specific vulnerable groups; \\n Providing support to restore production capacity and increase food production by households; \\n Providing support (training, equipment, seeds and agricultural inputs) to selected populations or the wider community to restart agricultural production, enhance post-harvest management, identify market access options, and organise farmers to work and sell collectively; \\n Providing support for local markets through CBTs, buying supplies for DDR processes locally, encouraging private-sector involvement in food transport and delivery, and supporting social market outlets and community-based activities such as small enterprises for both women and men, and linking CBT programmes to a financial inclusion objective; \\n Encouraging participation in education and skills training (school feeding with nutrition education, FFT, education, adult literacy); \\n Maintaining the capacity to respond to emergencies and setbacks; \\n Expanding emergency rehabilitation projects (i.e., projects which rehabilitate local infrastructure) and reintegration projects; \\n Running household food security projects (urban\/rural).The link between learning and nutrition is well established, and inter-agency collaboration should ensure that all those who enter training and education programmes in the reintegration period are properly nourished. Different nutritional needs for girls and boys and women and men should be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1357, "Sentence":"In both instances, the role of food assistance will depend on the type of reintegration support provided and whether any form of targeting is applied (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR instance role food assistance depend type reintegration support provided whether form targeting applied see iddrs 4.30 reintegration ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.2 Food assistance and reintegration support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can be provided as part of a DDR programme, or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place. In both instances, the role of food assistance will depend on the type of reintegration support provided and whether any form of targeting is applied (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). DDR participants and beneficiaries will often eventually be included in a community-based approach and access food in the same way as members of these communities, rather than receive special entitlements. Ultimately, they should be seen as part of the community and, if in need of assistance, take part in programmes covering broader recovery efforts.In broader operations in post-conflict environments during the recovery phase, where there are pockets of relative security and political stability and greater access to groups in need, general free food distribution is gradually replaced by help directed at particular groups, to develop the ability of affected populations to meet their own food needs and work towards long-term food security. Activities should be closely linked to efforts to restart positive coping mechanisms and methods of households supplying their own food by growing it themselves or earning the money to buy it.The following food assistance activities could be implemented when support to reintegration is provided as part of a DDR process within or outside a DDR programme: \\n Supporting communities through FFA activities that directly benefit the selected populations; \\n Providing support, in particular nutrition interventions, directed at specific vulnerable groups; \\n Providing support to restore production capacity and increase food production by households; \\n Providing support (training, equipment, seeds and agricultural inputs) to selected populations or the wider community to restart agricultural production, enhance post-harvest management, identify market access options, and organise farmers to work and sell collectively; \\n Providing support for local markets through CBTs, buying supplies for DDR processes locally, encouraging private-sector involvement in food transport and delivery, and supporting social market outlets and community-based activities such as small enterprises for both women and men, and linking CBT programmes to a financial inclusion objective; \\n Encouraging participation in education and skills training (school feeding with nutrition education, FFT, education, adult literacy); \\n Maintaining the capacity to respond to emergencies and setbacks; \\n Expanding emergency rehabilitation projects (i.e., projects which rehabilitate local infrastructure) and reintegration projects; \\n Running household food security projects (urban\/rural).The link between learning and nutrition is well established, and inter-agency collaboration should ensure that all those who enter training and education programmes in the reintegration period are properly nourished. Different nutritional needs for girls and boys and women and men should be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1357, "Sentence":"DDR participants and beneficiaries will often eventually be included in a community-based approach and access food in the same way as members of these communities, rather than receive special entitlements.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR ddr participant beneficiary often eventually included communitybased approach access food way member community rather receive special entitlement ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.2 Food assistance and reintegration support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can be provided as part of a DDR programme, or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place. In both instances, the role of food assistance will depend on the type of reintegration support provided and whether any form of targeting is applied (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). DDR participants and beneficiaries will often eventually be included in a community-based approach and access food in the same way as members of these communities, rather than receive special entitlements. Ultimately, they should be seen as part of the community and, if in need of assistance, take part in programmes covering broader recovery efforts.In broader operations in post-conflict environments during the recovery phase, where there are pockets of relative security and political stability and greater access to groups in need, general free food distribution is gradually replaced by help directed at particular groups, to develop the ability of affected populations to meet their own food needs and work towards long-term food security. Activities should be closely linked to efforts to restart positive coping mechanisms and methods of households supplying their own food by growing it themselves or earning the money to buy it.The following food assistance activities could be implemented when support to reintegration is provided as part of a DDR process within or outside a DDR programme: \\n Supporting communities through FFA activities that directly benefit the selected populations; \\n Providing support, in particular nutrition interventions, directed at specific vulnerable groups; \\n Providing support to restore production capacity and increase food production by households; \\n Providing support (training, equipment, seeds and agricultural inputs) to selected populations or the wider community to restart agricultural production, enhance post-harvest management, identify market access options, and organise farmers to work and sell collectively; \\n Providing support for local markets through CBTs, buying supplies for DDR processes locally, encouraging private-sector involvement in food transport and delivery, and supporting social market outlets and community-based activities such as small enterprises for both women and men, and linking CBT programmes to a financial inclusion objective; \\n Encouraging participation in education and skills training (school feeding with nutrition education, FFT, education, adult literacy); \\n Maintaining the capacity to respond to emergencies and setbacks; \\n Expanding emergency rehabilitation projects (i.e., projects which rehabilitate local infrastructure) and reintegration projects; \\n Running household food security projects (urban\/rural).The link between learning and nutrition is well established, and inter-agency collaboration should ensure that all those who enter training and education programmes in the reintegration period are properly nourished. Different nutritional needs for girls and boys and women and men should be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1357, "Sentence":"Ultimately, they should be seen as part of the community and, if in need of assistance, take part in programmes covering broader recovery efforts.In broader operations in post-conflict environments during the recovery phase, where there are pockets of relative security and political stability and greater access to groups in need, general free food distribution is gradually replaced by help directed at particular groups, to develop the ability of affected populations to meet their own food needs and work towards long-term food security.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR ultimately seen part community need assistance take part programme covering broader recovery efforts.in broader operation postconflict environment recovery phase pocket relative security political stability greater access group need general free food distribution gradually replaced help directed particular group develop ability affected population meet food need work towards longterm food security ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.2 Food assistance and reintegration support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can be provided as part of a DDR programme, or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place. In both instances, the role of food assistance will depend on the type of reintegration support provided and whether any form of targeting is applied (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). DDR participants and beneficiaries will often eventually be included in a community-based approach and access food in the same way as members of these communities, rather than receive special entitlements. Ultimately, they should be seen as part of the community and, if in need of assistance, take part in programmes covering broader recovery efforts.In broader operations in post-conflict environments during the recovery phase, where there are pockets of relative security and political stability and greater access to groups in need, general free food distribution is gradually replaced by help directed at particular groups, to develop the ability of affected populations to meet their own food needs and work towards long-term food security. Activities should be closely linked to efforts to restart positive coping mechanisms and methods of households supplying their own food by growing it themselves or earning the money to buy it.The following food assistance activities could be implemented when support to reintegration is provided as part of a DDR process within or outside a DDR programme: \\n Supporting communities through FFA activities that directly benefit the selected populations; \\n Providing support, in particular nutrition interventions, directed at specific vulnerable groups; \\n Providing support to restore production capacity and increase food production by households; \\n Providing support (training, equipment, seeds and agricultural inputs) to selected populations or the wider community to restart agricultural production, enhance post-harvest management, identify market access options, and organise farmers to work and sell collectively; \\n Providing support for local markets through CBTs, buying supplies for DDR processes locally, encouraging private-sector involvement in food transport and delivery, and supporting social market outlets and community-based activities such as small enterprises for both women and men, and linking CBT programmes to a financial inclusion objective; \\n Encouraging participation in education and skills training (school feeding with nutrition education, FFT, education, adult literacy); \\n Maintaining the capacity to respond to emergencies and setbacks; \\n Expanding emergency rehabilitation projects (i.e., projects which rehabilitate local infrastructure) and reintegration projects; \\n Running household food security projects (urban\/rural).The link between learning and nutrition is well established, and inter-agency collaboration should ensure that all those who enter training and education programmes in the reintegration period are properly nourished. Different nutritional needs for girls and boys and women and men should be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1357, "Sentence":"Activities should be closely linked to efforts to restart positive coping mechanisms and methods of households supplying their own food by growing it themselves or earning the money to buy it.The following food assistance activities could be implemented when support to reintegration is provided as part of a DDR process within or outside a DDR programme: \\n Supporting communities through FFA activities that directly benefit the selected populations; \\n Providing support, in particular nutrition interventions, directed at specific vulnerable groups; \\n Providing support to restore production capacity and increase food production by households; \\n Providing support (training, equipment, seeds and agricultural inputs) to selected populations or the wider community to restart agricultural production, enhance post-harvest management, identify market access options, and organise farmers to work and sell collectively; \\n Providing support for local markets through CBTs, buying supplies for DDR processes locally, encouraging private-sector involvement in food transport and delivery, and supporting social market outlets and community-based activities such as small enterprises for both women and men, and linking CBT programmes to a financial inclusion objective; \\n Encouraging participation in education and skills training (school feeding with nutrition education, FFT, education, adult literacy); \\n Maintaining the capacity to respond to emergencies and setbacks; \\n Expanding emergency rehabilitation projects (i.e., projects which rehabilitate local infrastructure) and reintegration projects; \\n Running household food security projects (urban\/rural).The link between learning and nutrition is well established, and inter-agency collaboration should ensure that all those who enter training and education programmes in the reintegration period are properly nourished.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR activity closely linked effort restart positive coping mechanism method household supplying food growing earning money buy it.the following food assistance activity could implemented support reintegration provided part ddr process within outside ddr programme n supporting community ffa activity directly benefit selected population n providing support particular nutrition intervention directed specific vulnerable group n providing support restore production capacity increase food production household n providing support training equipment seed agricultural input selected population wider community restart agricultural production enhance postharvest management identify market access option organise farmer work sell collectively n providing support local market cbts buying supply ddr process locally encouraging privatesector involvement food transport delivery supporting social market outlet communitybased activity small enterprise woman men linking cbt programme financial inclusion objective n encouraging participation education skill training school feeding nutrition education fft education adult literacy n maintaining capacity respond emergency setback n expanding emergency rehabilitation project i.e . project rehabilitate local infrastructure reintegration project n running household food security project urban\/rural.the link learning nutrition well established interagency collaboration ensure enter training education programme reintegration period properly nourished ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.2 Food assistance and reintegration support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support can be provided as part of a DDR programme, or when the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place. In both instances, the role of food assistance will depend on the type of reintegration support provided and whether any form of targeting is applied (see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). DDR participants and beneficiaries will often eventually be included in a community-based approach and access food in the same way as members of these communities, rather than receive special entitlements. Ultimately, they should be seen as part of the community and, if in need of assistance, take part in programmes covering broader recovery efforts.In broader operations in post-conflict environments during the recovery phase, where there are pockets of relative security and political stability and greater access to groups in need, general free food distribution is gradually replaced by help directed at particular groups, to develop the ability of affected populations to meet their own food needs and work towards long-term food security. Activities should be closely linked to efforts to restart positive coping mechanisms and methods of households supplying their own food by growing it themselves or earning the money to buy it.The following food assistance activities could be implemented when support to reintegration is provided as part of a DDR process within or outside a DDR programme: \\n Supporting communities through FFA activities that directly benefit the selected populations; \\n Providing support, in particular nutrition interventions, directed at specific vulnerable groups; \\n Providing support to restore production capacity and increase food production by households; \\n Providing support (training, equipment, seeds and agricultural inputs) to selected populations or the wider community to restart agricultural production, enhance post-harvest management, identify market access options, and organise farmers to work and sell collectively; \\n Providing support for local markets through CBTs, buying supplies for DDR processes locally, encouraging private-sector involvement in food transport and delivery, and supporting social market outlets and community-based activities such as small enterprises for both women and men, and linking CBT programmes to a financial inclusion objective; \\n Encouraging participation in education and skills training (school feeding with nutrition education, FFT, education, adult literacy); \\n Maintaining the capacity to respond to emergencies and setbacks; \\n Expanding emergency rehabilitation projects (i.e., projects which rehabilitate local infrastructure) and reintegration projects; \\n Running household food security projects (urban\/rural).The link between learning and nutrition is well established, and inter-agency collaboration should ensure that all those who enter training and education programmes in the reintegration period are properly nourished. Different nutritional needs for girls and boys and women and men should be taken into account.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1357, "Sentence":"Different nutritional needs for girls and boys and women and men should be taken into account.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR different nutritional need girl boy woman men taken account ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.3 Food assistance and DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Community Violence Reduction", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Community violence reduction as part of a DDR process seeks to build social cohesion and provide ex-combatants and other at-risk individuals, particularly youth, with alternatives to (re-)joining armed groups. As outlined in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction, one way to achieve this may be to involve various groups in the design, implementation and evaluation of an FFA or FFT programme. During these programmes, interaction and dialogue among these groups can build social cohesion and reduce the risk of violence. Food assistance as part of CVR shall be based on food assistance analysis (see section 5) in addition to the assessments that are regularly conducted as part of planning for CVR. These include, among others, a context\/conflict analysis, a security and consequence assessment, and a comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1358, "Sentence":"Community violence reduction as part of a DDR process seeks to build social cohesion and provide ex-combatants and other at-risk individuals, particularly youth, with alternatives to (re-)joining armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR community violence reduction part ddr process seek build social cohesion provide excombatants atrisk individual particularly youth alternative rejoining armed group ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.3 Food assistance and DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Community Violence Reduction", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Community violence reduction as part of a DDR process seeks to build social cohesion and provide ex-combatants and other at-risk individuals, particularly youth, with alternatives to (re-)joining armed groups. As outlined in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction, one way to achieve this may be to involve various groups in the design, implementation and evaluation of an FFA or FFT programme. During these programmes, interaction and dialogue among these groups can build social cohesion and reduce the risk of violence. Food assistance as part of CVR shall be based on food assistance analysis (see section 5) in addition to the assessments that are regularly conducted as part of planning for CVR. These include, among others, a context\/conflict analysis, a security and consequence assessment, and a comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1358, "Sentence":"As outlined in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction, one way to achieve this may be to involve various groups in the design, implementation and evaluation of an FFA or FFT programme.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR outlined iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction one way achieve may involve various group design implementation evaluation ffa fft programme ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.3 Food assistance and DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Community Violence Reduction", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Community violence reduction as part of a DDR process seeks to build social cohesion and provide ex-combatants and other at-risk individuals, particularly youth, with alternatives to (re-)joining armed groups. As outlined in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction, one way to achieve this may be to involve various groups in the design, implementation and evaluation of an FFA or FFT programme. During these programmes, interaction and dialogue among these groups can build social cohesion and reduce the risk of violence. Food assistance as part of CVR shall be based on food assistance analysis (see section 5) in addition to the assessments that are regularly conducted as part of planning for CVR. These include, among others, a context\/conflict analysis, a security and consequence assessment, and a comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1358, "Sentence":"During these programmes, interaction and dialogue among these groups can build social cohesion and reduce the risk of violence.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR programme interaction dialogue among group build social cohesion reduce risk violence ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.3 Food assistance and DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Community Violence Reduction", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Community violence reduction as part of a DDR process seeks to build social cohesion and provide ex-combatants and other at-risk individuals, particularly youth, with alternatives to (re-)joining armed groups. As outlined in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction, one way to achieve this may be to involve various groups in the design, implementation and evaluation of an FFA or FFT programme. During these programmes, interaction and dialogue among these groups can build social cohesion and reduce the risk of violence. Food assistance as part of CVR shall be based on food assistance analysis (see section 5) in addition to the assessments that are regularly conducted as part of planning for CVR. These include, among others, a context\/conflict analysis, a security and consequence assessment, and a comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1358, "Sentence":"Food assistance as part of CVR shall be based on food assistance analysis (see section 5) in addition to the assessments that are regularly conducted as part of planning for CVR.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance part cvr shall based food assistance analysis see section 5 addition assessment regularly conducted part planning cvr ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.3 Food assistance and DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.3.1 Community Violence Reduction", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Community violence reduction as part of a DDR process seeks to build social cohesion and provide ex-combatants and other at-risk individuals, particularly youth, with alternatives to (re-)joining armed groups. As outlined in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction, one way to achieve this may be to involve various groups in the design, implementation and evaluation of an FFA or FFT programme. During these programmes, interaction and dialogue among these groups can build social cohesion and reduce the risk of violence. Food assistance as part of CVR shall be based on food assistance analysis (see section 5) in addition to the assessments that are regularly conducted as part of planning for CVR. These include, among others, a context\/conflict analysis, a security and consequence assessment, and a comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1358, "Sentence":"These include, among others, a context\/conflict analysis, a security and consequence assessment, and a comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics (see section 6.3 in IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction and IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR include among others context\/conflict analysis security consequence assessment comprehensive genderresponsive baseline assessment local violence dynamic see section 6.3 iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction iddrs 3.11 integrated assessment ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.3 Food assistance and DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.3.2 Pre-DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Pre-DDR is a local-level transitional stabilization measure designed for those who are eligible for a DDR programme (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). When a DDR programme is delayed, pre-DDR can be conducted with male and female ex-combatants who are in camps, or with ex-combatants who are already in communities. Activities may include cash for work, FFT or FFA. Wherever possible, pre-DDR activities should be linked to the reintegration support that will be provided when the DDR programme is eventually implemented.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1359, "Sentence":"Pre-DDR is a local-level transitional stabilization measure designed for those who are eligible for a DDR programme (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR preddr locallevel transitional stabilization measure designed eligible ddr programme see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.3 Food assistance and DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.3.2 Pre-DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Pre-DDR is a local-level transitional stabilization measure designed for those who are eligible for a DDR programme (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). When a DDR programme is delayed, pre-DDR can be conducted with male and female ex-combatants who are in camps, or with ex-combatants who are already in communities. Activities may include cash for work, FFT or FFA. Wherever possible, pre-DDR activities should be linked to the reintegration support that will be provided when the DDR programme is eventually implemented.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1359, "Sentence":"When a DDR programme is delayed, pre-DDR can be conducted with male and female ex-combatants who are in camps, or with ex-combatants who are already in communities.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR ddr programme delayed preddr conducted male female excombatants camp excombatants already community ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.3 Food assistance and DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.3.2 Pre-DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Pre-DDR is a local-level transitional stabilization measure designed for those who are eligible for a DDR programme (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). When a DDR programme is delayed, pre-DDR can be conducted with male and female ex-combatants who are in camps, or with ex-combatants who are already in communities. Activities may include cash for work, FFT or FFA. Wherever possible, pre-DDR activities should be linked to the reintegration support that will be provided when the DDR programme is eventually implemented.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1359, "Sentence":"Activities may include cash for work, FFT or FFA.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR activity may include cash work fft ffa ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"6. Food assistance as part of a DDR process", "Heading2":"6.3 Food assistance and DDR-related tools", "Heading3":"6.3.2 Pre-DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Pre-DDR is a local-level transitional stabilization measure designed for those who are eligible for a DDR programme (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). When a DDR programme is delayed, pre-DDR can be conducted with male and female ex-combatants who are in camps, or with ex-combatants who are already in communities. Activities may include cash for work, FFT or FFA. Wherever possible, pre-DDR activities should be linked to the reintegration support that will be provided when the DDR programme is eventually implemented.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1359, "Sentence":"Wherever possible, pre-DDR activities should be linked to the reintegration support that will be provided when the DDR programme is eventually implemented.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR wherever possible preddr activity linked reintegration support provided ddr programme eventually implemented ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context. \\n members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n abductees\/victims; \\n dependants\/families; \\n civilian returnees\/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; \\n community members.Within these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of nutritionally vulnerable groups. These groups have specific nutrient requirements and include: \\n women of childbearing age; \\n pregnant and breastfeeding women and girls; \\n children 6\u201323 months old; \\n preschool children (2\u20135 years); \\n school-age children (6\u201310 years); \\n adolescents (10\u201319 years), especially girls; \\n older people; \\n persons with disabilities; and \\n persons with chronic illnesses including people leaving with HIV and TB.Analysis of the particular nutritional needs of vulnerable groups is a prerequisite of programming for the food assistance component of a DDR process. The Fill the Nutrient Gap tool in countries where this analysis has been completed is an invaluable resource to understand the key barriers to adequate nutrient intake in a specific context for different target groups.3A key opportunity to make food assistance components of DDR processes more nutrition sensitive is to deliver them within a multi-sectoral package of interventions that aim to improve food security, nutrition, health, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) is likely to enhance the nutritional impact of the transfer. Gender equality and ensuring a gender lens in analysis and design also make nutrition programmes more effective.As far as possible, the food assistance component of a DDR process should try to ensure that the nutritionally vulnerable receive assistance that meets their energy and nutrient intake needs. Although not all women are nutritionally vulnerable, the nutrition of women who are single heads of households or sole caregivers of children often suffers when there is a scarcity of food. Special attention should therefore be paid to food assistance for households where women are the only adult (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Referral mechanisms and procedures should also be established to ensure that vulnerable individuals in need of specialized services \u2013 for example, those related to health \u2013 have timely and confidential access to these services (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1360, "Sentence":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR food assistance may provided five category people taken consideration integrated ddr process depending context ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context. \\n members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n abductees\/victims; \\n dependants\/families; \\n civilian returnees\/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; \\n community members.Within these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of nutritionally vulnerable groups. These groups have specific nutrient requirements and include: \\n women of childbearing age; \\n pregnant and breastfeeding women and girls; \\n children 6\u201323 months old; \\n preschool children (2\u20135 years); \\n school-age children (6\u201310 years); \\n adolescents (10\u201319 years), especially girls; \\n older people; \\n persons with disabilities; and \\n persons with chronic illnesses including people leaving with HIV and TB.Analysis of the particular nutritional needs of vulnerable groups is a prerequisite of programming for the food assistance component of a DDR process. The Fill the Nutrient Gap tool in countries where this analysis has been completed is an invaluable resource to understand the key barriers to adequate nutrient intake in a specific context for different target groups.3A key opportunity to make food assistance components of DDR processes more nutrition sensitive is to deliver them within a multi-sectoral package of interventions that aim to improve food security, nutrition, health, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) is likely to enhance the nutritional impact of the transfer. Gender equality and ensuring a gender lens in analysis and design also make nutrition programmes more effective.As far as possible, the food assistance component of a DDR process should try to ensure that the nutritionally vulnerable receive assistance that meets their energy and nutrient intake needs. Although not all women are nutritionally vulnerable, the nutrition of women who are single heads of households or sole caregivers of children often suffers when there is a scarcity of food. Special attention should therefore be paid to food assistance for households where women are the only adult (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Referral mechanisms and procedures should also be established to ensure that vulnerable individuals in need of specialized services \u2013 for example, those related to health \u2013 have timely and confidential access to these services (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1360, "Sentence":"\\n members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n abductees\/victims; \\n dependants\/families; \\n civilian returnees\/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; \\n community members.Within these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of nutritionally vulnerable groups.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR n member armed force group served combat and\/or support role support role often referred associated armed force group n abductees\/victims n dependants\/families n civilian returnees\/ \u2019 selfdemobilized \u2019 n community members.within five category consideration given addressing specific need nutritionally vulnerable group ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context. \\n members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n abductees\/victims; \\n dependants\/families; \\n civilian returnees\/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; \\n community members.Within these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of nutritionally vulnerable groups. These groups have specific nutrient requirements and include: \\n women of childbearing age; \\n pregnant and breastfeeding women and girls; \\n children 6\u201323 months old; \\n preschool children (2\u20135 years); \\n school-age children (6\u201310 years); \\n adolescents (10\u201319 years), especially girls; \\n older people; \\n persons with disabilities; and \\n persons with chronic illnesses including people leaving with HIV and TB.Analysis of the particular nutritional needs of vulnerable groups is a prerequisite of programming for the food assistance component of a DDR process. The Fill the Nutrient Gap tool in countries where this analysis has been completed is an invaluable resource to understand the key barriers to adequate nutrient intake in a specific context for different target groups.3A key opportunity to make food assistance components of DDR processes more nutrition sensitive is to deliver them within a multi-sectoral package of interventions that aim to improve food security, nutrition, health, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) is likely to enhance the nutritional impact of the transfer. Gender equality and ensuring a gender lens in analysis and design also make nutrition programmes more effective.As far as possible, the food assistance component of a DDR process should try to ensure that the nutritionally vulnerable receive assistance that meets their energy and nutrient intake needs. Although not all women are nutritionally vulnerable, the nutrition of women who are single heads of households or sole caregivers of children often suffers when there is a scarcity of food. Special attention should therefore be paid to food assistance for households where women are the only adult (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Referral mechanisms and procedures should also be established to ensure that vulnerable individuals in need of specialized services \u2013 for example, those related to health \u2013 have timely and confidential access to these services (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1360, "Sentence":"These groups have specific nutrient requirements and include: \\n women of childbearing age; \\n pregnant and breastfeeding women and girls; \\n children 6\u201323 months old; \\n preschool children (2\u20135 years); \\n school-age children (6\u201310 years); \\n adolescents (10\u201319 years), especially girls; \\n older people; \\n persons with disabilities; and \\n persons with chronic illnesses including people leaving with HIV and TB.Analysis of the particular nutritional needs of vulnerable groups is a prerequisite of programming for the food assistance component of a DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR group specific nutrient requirement include n woman childbearing age n pregnant breastfeeding woman girl n child 6\u201323 month old n preschool child 2\u20135 year n schoolage child 6\u201310 year n adolescent 10\u201319 year especially girl n older people n person disability n person chronic illness including people leaving hiv tb.analysis particular nutritional need vulnerable group prerequisite programming food assistance component ddr process ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context. \\n members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n abductees\/victims; \\n dependants\/families; \\n civilian returnees\/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; \\n community members.Within these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of nutritionally vulnerable groups. These groups have specific nutrient requirements and include: \\n women of childbearing age; \\n pregnant and breastfeeding women and girls; \\n children 6\u201323 months old; \\n preschool children (2\u20135 years); \\n school-age children (6\u201310 years); \\n adolescents (10\u201319 years), especially girls; \\n older people; \\n persons with disabilities; and \\n persons with chronic illnesses including people leaving with HIV and TB.Analysis of the particular nutritional needs of vulnerable groups is a prerequisite of programming for the food assistance component of a DDR process. The Fill the Nutrient Gap tool in countries where this analysis has been completed is an invaluable resource to understand the key barriers to adequate nutrient intake in a specific context for different target groups.3A key opportunity to make food assistance components of DDR processes more nutrition sensitive is to deliver them within a multi-sectoral package of interventions that aim to improve food security, nutrition, health, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) is likely to enhance the nutritional impact of the transfer. Gender equality and ensuring a gender lens in analysis and design also make nutrition programmes more effective.As far as possible, the food assistance component of a DDR process should try to ensure that the nutritionally vulnerable receive assistance that meets their energy and nutrient intake needs. Although not all women are nutritionally vulnerable, the nutrition of women who are single heads of households or sole caregivers of children often suffers when there is a scarcity of food. Special attention should therefore be paid to food assistance for households where women are the only adult (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Referral mechanisms and procedures should also be established to ensure that vulnerable individuals in need of specialized services \u2013 for example, those related to health \u2013 have timely and confidential access to these services (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1360, "Sentence":"The Fill the Nutrient Gap tool in countries where this analysis has been completed is an invaluable resource to understand the key barriers to adequate nutrient intake in a specific context for different target groups.3A key opportunity to make food assistance components of DDR processes more nutrition sensitive is to deliver them within a multi-sectoral package of interventions that aim to improve food security, nutrition, health, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR fill nutrient gap tool country analysis completed invaluable resource understand key barrier adequate nutrient intake specific context different target groups.3a key opportunity make food assistance component ddr process nutrition sensitive deliver within multisectoral package intervention aim improve food security nutrition health water sanitation hygiene wash ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context. \\n members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n abductees\/victims; \\n dependants\/families; \\n civilian returnees\/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; \\n community members.Within these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of nutritionally vulnerable groups. These groups have specific nutrient requirements and include: \\n women of childbearing age; \\n pregnant and breastfeeding women and girls; \\n children 6\u201323 months old; \\n preschool children (2\u20135 years); \\n school-age children (6\u201310 years); \\n adolescents (10\u201319 years), especially girls; \\n older people; \\n persons with disabilities; and \\n persons with chronic illnesses including people leaving with HIV and TB.Analysis of the particular nutritional needs of vulnerable groups is a prerequisite of programming for the food assistance component of a DDR process. The Fill the Nutrient Gap tool in countries where this analysis has been completed is an invaluable resource to understand the key barriers to adequate nutrient intake in a specific context for different target groups.3A key opportunity to make food assistance components of DDR processes more nutrition sensitive is to deliver them within a multi-sectoral package of interventions that aim to improve food security, nutrition, health, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) is likely to enhance the nutritional impact of the transfer. Gender equality and ensuring a gender lens in analysis and design also make nutrition programmes more effective.As far as possible, the food assistance component of a DDR process should try to ensure that the nutritionally vulnerable receive assistance that meets their energy and nutrient intake needs. Although not all women are nutritionally vulnerable, the nutrition of women who are single heads of households or sole caregivers of children often suffers when there is a scarcity of food. Special attention should therefore be paid to food assistance for households where women are the only adult (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Referral mechanisms and procedures should also be established to ensure that vulnerable individuals in need of specialized services \u2013 for example, those related to health \u2013 have timely and confidential access to these services (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1360, "Sentence":"Social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) is likely to enhance the nutritional impact of the transfer.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR social behaviour change communication sbcc likely enhance nutritional impact transfer ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context. \\n members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n abductees\/victims; \\n dependants\/families; \\n civilian returnees\/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; \\n community members.Within these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of nutritionally vulnerable groups. These groups have specific nutrient requirements and include: \\n women of childbearing age; \\n pregnant and breastfeeding women and girls; \\n children 6\u201323 months old; \\n preschool children (2\u20135 years); \\n school-age children (6\u201310 years); \\n adolescents (10\u201319 years), especially girls; \\n older people; \\n persons with disabilities; and \\n persons with chronic illnesses including people leaving with HIV and TB.Analysis of the particular nutritional needs of vulnerable groups is a prerequisite of programming for the food assistance component of a DDR process. The Fill the Nutrient Gap tool in countries where this analysis has been completed is an invaluable resource to understand the key barriers to adequate nutrient intake in a specific context for different target groups.3A key opportunity to make food assistance components of DDR processes more nutrition sensitive is to deliver them within a multi-sectoral package of interventions that aim to improve food security, nutrition, health, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) is likely to enhance the nutritional impact of the transfer. Gender equality and ensuring a gender lens in analysis and design also make nutrition programmes more effective.As far as possible, the food assistance component of a DDR process should try to ensure that the nutritionally vulnerable receive assistance that meets their energy and nutrient intake needs. Although not all women are nutritionally vulnerable, the nutrition of women who are single heads of households or sole caregivers of children often suffers when there is a scarcity of food. Special attention should therefore be paid to food assistance for households where women are the only adult (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Referral mechanisms and procedures should also be established to ensure that vulnerable individuals in need of specialized services \u2013 for example, those related to health \u2013 have timely and confidential access to these services (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1360, "Sentence":"Gender equality and ensuring a gender lens in analysis and design also make nutrition programmes more effective.As far as possible, the food assistance component of a DDR process should try to ensure that the nutritionally vulnerable receive assistance that meets their energy and nutrient intake needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR gender equality ensuring gender lens analysis design also make nutrition programme effective.as far possible food assistance component ddr process try ensure nutritionally vulnerable receive assistance meet energy nutrient intake need ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context. \\n members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n abductees\/victims; \\n dependants\/families; \\n civilian returnees\/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; \\n community members.Within these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of nutritionally vulnerable groups. These groups have specific nutrient requirements and include: \\n women of childbearing age; \\n pregnant and breastfeeding women and girls; \\n children 6\u201323 months old; \\n preschool children (2\u20135 years); \\n school-age children (6\u201310 years); \\n adolescents (10\u201319 years), especially girls; \\n older people; \\n persons with disabilities; and \\n persons with chronic illnesses including people leaving with HIV and TB.Analysis of the particular nutritional needs of vulnerable groups is a prerequisite of programming for the food assistance component of a DDR process. The Fill the Nutrient Gap tool in countries where this analysis has been completed is an invaluable resource to understand the key barriers to adequate nutrient intake in a specific context for different target groups.3A key opportunity to make food assistance components of DDR processes more nutrition sensitive is to deliver them within a multi-sectoral package of interventions that aim to improve food security, nutrition, health, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) is likely to enhance the nutritional impact of the transfer. Gender equality and ensuring a gender lens in analysis and design also make nutrition programmes more effective.As far as possible, the food assistance component of a DDR process should try to ensure that the nutritionally vulnerable receive assistance that meets their energy and nutrient intake needs. Although not all women are nutritionally vulnerable, the nutrition of women who are single heads of households or sole caregivers of children often suffers when there is a scarcity of food. Special attention should therefore be paid to food assistance for households where women are the only adult (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Referral mechanisms and procedures should also be established to ensure that vulnerable individuals in need of specialized services \u2013 for example, those related to health \u2013 have timely and confidential access to these services (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1360, "Sentence":"Although not all women are nutritionally vulnerable, the nutrition of women who are single heads of households or sole caregivers of children often suffers when there is a scarcity of food.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR although woman nutritionally vulnerable nutrition woman single head household sole caregiver child often suffers scarcity food ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context. \\n members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n abductees\/victims; \\n dependants\/families; \\n civilian returnees\/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; \\n community members.Within these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of nutritionally vulnerable groups. These groups have specific nutrient requirements and include: \\n women of childbearing age; \\n pregnant and breastfeeding women and girls; \\n children 6\u201323 months old; \\n preschool children (2\u20135 years); \\n school-age children (6\u201310 years); \\n adolescents (10\u201319 years), especially girls; \\n older people; \\n persons with disabilities; and \\n persons with chronic illnesses including people leaving with HIV and TB.Analysis of the particular nutritional needs of vulnerable groups is a prerequisite of programming for the food assistance component of a DDR process. The Fill the Nutrient Gap tool in countries where this analysis has been completed is an invaluable resource to understand the key barriers to adequate nutrient intake in a specific context for different target groups.3A key opportunity to make food assistance components of DDR processes more nutrition sensitive is to deliver them within a multi-sectoral package of interventions that aim to improve food security, nutrition, health, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) is likely to enhance the nutritional impact of the transfer. Gender equality and ensuring a gender lens in analysis and design also make nutrition programmes more effective.As far as possible, the food assistance component of a DDR process should try to ensure that the nutritionally vulnerable receive assistance that meets their energy and nutrient intake needs. Although not all women are nutritionally vulnerable, the nutrition of women who are single heads of households or sole caregivers of children often suffers when there is a scarcity of food. Special attention should therefore be paid to food assistance for households where women are the only adult (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Referral mechanisms and procedures should also be established to ensure that vulnerable individuals in need of specialized services \u2013 for example, those related to health \u2013 have timely and confidential access to these services (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1360, "Sentence":"Special attention should therefore be paid to food assistance for households where women are the only adult (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR special attention therefore paid food assistance household woman adult see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"7. Adult foreign combatants and DDR issues in host countries", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Food assistance may be provided to all five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes, depending on the context. \\n members of armed forces and groups who served in combat and\/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); \\n abductees\/victims; \\n dependants\/families; \\n civilian returnees\/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; \\n community members.Within these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of nutritionally vulnerable groups. These groups have specific nutrient requirements and include: \\n women of childbearing age; \\n pregnant and breastfeeding women and girls; \\n children 6\u201323 months old; \\n preschool children (2\u20135 years); \\n school-age children (6\u201310 years); \\n adolescents (10\u201319 years), especially girls; \\n older people; \\n persons with disabilities; and \\n persons with chronic illnesses including people leaving with HIV and TB.Analysis of the particular nutritional needs of vulnerable groups is a prerequisite of programming for the food assistance component of a DDR process. The Fill the Nutrient Gap tool in countries where this analysis has been completed is an invaluable resource to understand the key barriers to adequate nutrient intake in a specific context for different target groups.3A key opportunity to make food assistance components of DDR processes more nutrition sensitive is to deliver them within a multi-sectoral package of interventions that aim to improve food security, nutrition, health, and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) is likely to enhance the nutritional impact of the transfer. Gender equality and ensuring a gender lens in analysis and design also make nutrition programmes more effective.As far as possible, the food assistance component of a DDR process should try to ensure that the nutritionally vulnerable receive assistance that meets their energy and nutrient intake needs. Although not all women are nutritionally vulnerable, the nutrition of women who are single heads of households or sole caregivers of children often suffers when there is a scarcity of food. Special attention should therefore be paid to food assistance for households where women are the only adult (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Referral mechanisms and procedures should also be established to ensure that vulnerable individuals in need of specialized services \u2013 for example, those related to health \u2013 have timely and confidential access to these services (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1360, "Sentence":"Referral mechanisms and procedures should also be established to ensure that vulnerable individuals in need of specialized services \u2013 for example, those related to health \u2013 have timely and confidential access to these services (see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR referral mechanism procedure also established ensure vulnerable individual need specialized service \u2013 example related health \u2013 timely confidential access service see iddrs 5.70 health ddr ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating (M&E) interventions are essential when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process, to ensure accountability to all stakeholders and in particular to the affected population.The food assistance component shall be monitored and evaluated as part of a broader M&E plan for the DDR process. In general, arrangements for monitoring the distribution of assistance provided during DDR should be made in advance between all the implementing partners, using existing tools for monitoring and applying international best practices.In terms of food distribution, at a minimum, information shall be gathered on: \\n The receipt and delivery of commodities; \\n The number (disaggregated by sex and age) of people receiving assistance; \\n Food storage, handling and the distribution of commodities; \\n Food assistance availability and unmet needs. There are two main types of monitoring through which this information can be gathered: \\n Distribution: This type of monitoring, which is conducted on the day of distribution, includes several activities, including commodity monitoring, on-site monitoring and food basket monitoring. \\n Post-distribution: This monitoring takes place sometime after the distribution but before the next one. It includes monitoring of the way in which food assistance is used in households and communities, and market surveys.In order to increase the effectiveness of the current and future food assistance component, it is particularly important for data on DDR participants and beneficiaries to be collected so that it can be easily disaggregated. Numerical data should be systematically collected for the following categories: ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants (partners and relatives of ex-combatants). Every effort should be made to disaggregate the data by: \\n Sex and age; \\n Vulnerable group category (CAAFAG, people living with HIV\/ AIDS, persons with disabilities, etc.); \\n DDR location(s); \\n Armed force\/group affiliation.Also, identifying lessons learned and conducting evaluations of the impacts of food assistance helps to improve the approach to delivering food assistance within DDR processes and the broader inter-agency approach to DDR. The UN agencies involved in the DDR process should ensure that a comprehensive evaluation of the food assistance provided during early stages of the DDR process (for example the disarmament and demobilization phases of a DDR programme) are carried out and factored into later stages (such as the reintegration phase of a DDR programme). The evaluation should provide an in-depth analysis of early food assistance activities and allow for later food assistance components to be reviewed and, if necessary, redesigned\/reoriented. Gender should be taken into consideration in the evaluation to assess if there were any unexpected outcomes of food assistance on women and men, and on gender relations and gender equality. Lessons learned should be recorded and shared with all relevant stakeholders to guide future policies and to improve the effectiveness of future planning and support to operations.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1361, "Sentence":"Mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating (M&E) interventions are essential when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process, to ensure accountability to all stakeholders and in particular to the affected population.The food assistance component shall be monitored and evaluated as part of a broader M&E plan for the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR mechanism monitoring evaluating intervention essential food assistance provided part ddr process ensure accountability stakeholder particular affected population.the food assistance component shall monitored evaluated part broader plan ddr process ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating (M&E) interventions are essential when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process, to ensure accountability to all stakeholders and in particular to the affected population.The food assistance component shall be monitored and evaluated as part of a broader M&E plan for the DDR process. In general, arrangements for monitoring the distribution of assistance provided during DDR should be made in advance between all the implementing partners, using existing tools for monitoring and applying international best practices.In terms of food distribution, at a minimum, information shall be gathered on: \\n The receipt and delivery of commodities; \\n The number (disaggregated by sex and age) of people receiving assistance; \\n Food storage, handling and the distribution of commodities; \\n Food assistance availability and unmet needs. There are two main types of monitoring through which this information can be gathered: \\n Distribution: This type of monitoring, which is conducted on the day of distribution, includes several activities, including commodity monitoring, on-site monitoring and food basket monitoring. \\n Post-distribution: This monitoring takes place sometime after the distribution but before the next one. It includes monitoring of the way in which food assistance is used in households and communities, and market surveys.In order to increase the effectiveness of the current and future food assistance component, it is particularly important for data on DDR participants and beneficiaries to be collected so that it can be easily disaggregated. Numerical data should be systematically collected for the following categories: ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants (partners and relatives of ex-combatants). Every effort should be made to disaggregate the data by: \\n Sex and age; \\n Vulnerable group category (CAAFAG, people living with HIV\/ AIDS, persons with disabilities, etc.); \\n DDR location(s); \\n Armed force\/group affiliation.Also, identifying lessons learned and conducting evaluations of the impacts of food assistance helps to improve the approach to delivering food assistance within DDR processes and the broader inter-agency approach to DDR. The UN agencies involved in the DDR process should ensure that a comprehensive evaluation of the food assistance provided during early stages of the DDR process (for example the disarmament and demobilization phases of a DDR programme) are carried out and factored into later stages (such as the reintegration phase of a DDR programme). The evaluation should provide an in-depth analysis of early food assistance activities and allow for later food assistance components to be reviewed and, if necessary, redesigned\/reoriented. Gender should be taken into consideration in the evaluation to assess if there were any unexpected outcomes of food assistance on women and men, and on gender relations and gender equality. Lessons learned should be recorded and shared with all relevant stakeholders to guide future policies and to improve the effectiveness of future planning and support to operations.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1361, "Sentence":"In general, arrangements for monitoring the distribution of assistance provided during DDR should be made in advance between all the implementing partners, using existing tools for monitoring and applying international best practices.In terms of food distribution, at a minimum, information shall be gathered on: \\n The receipt and delivery of commodities; \\n The number (disaggregated by sex and age) of people receiving assistance; \\n Food storage, handling and the distribution of commodities; \\n Food assistance availability and unmet needs.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR general arrangement monitoring distribution assistance provided ddr made advance implementing partner using existing tool monitoring applying international best practices.in term food distribution minimum information shall gathered n receipt delivery commodity n number disaggregated sex age people receiving assistance n food storage handling distribution commodity n food assistance availability unmet need ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating (M&E) interventions are essential when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process, to ensure accountability to all stakeholders and in particular to the affected population.The food assistance component shall be monitored and evaluated as part of a broader M&E plan for the DDR process. In general, arrangements for monitoring the distribution of assistance provided during DDR should be made in advance between all the implementing partners, using existing tools for monitoring and applying international best practices.In terms of food distribution, at a minimum, information shall be gathered on: \\n The receipt and delivery of commodities; \\n The number (disaggregated by sex and age) of people receiving assistance; \\n Food storage, handling and the distribution of commodities; \\n Food assistance availability and unmet needs. There are two main types of monitoring through which this information can be gathered: \\n Distribution: This type of monitoring, which is conducted on the day of distribution, includes several activities, including commodity monitoring, on-site monitoring and food basket monitoring. \\n Post-distribution: This monitoring takes place sometime after the distribution but before the next one. It includes monitoring of the way in which food assistance is used in households and communities, and market surveys.In order to increase the effectiveness of the current and future food assistance component, it is particularly important for data on DDR participants and beneficiaries to be collected so that it can be easily disaggregated. Numerical data should be systematically collected for the following categories: ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants (partners and relatives of ex-combatants). Every effort should be made to disaggregate the data by: \\n Sex and age; \\n Vulnerable group category (CAAFAG, people living with HIV\/ AIDS, persons with disabilities, etc.); \\n DDR location(s); \\n Armed force\/group affiliation.Also, identifying lessons learned and conducting evaluations of the impacts of food assistance helps to improve the approach to delivering food assistance within DDR processes and the broader inter-agency approach to DDR. The UN agencies involved in the DDR process should ensure that a comprehensive evaluation of the food assistance provided during early stages of the DDR process (for example the disarmament and demobilization phases of a DDR programme) are carried out and factored into later stages (such as the reintegration phase of a DDR programme). The evaluation should provide an in-depth analysis of early food assistance activities and allow for later food assistance components to be reviewed and, if necessary, redesigned\/reoriented. Gender should be taken into consideration in the evaluation to assess if there were any unexpected outcomes of food assistance on women and men, and on gender relations and gender equality. Lessons learned should be recorded and shared with all relevant stakeholders to guide future policies and to improve the effectiveness of future planning and support to operations.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1361, "Sentence":"There are two main types of monitoring through which this information can be gathered: \\n Distribution: This type of monitoring, which is conducted on the day of distribution, includes several activities, including commodity monitoring, on-site monitoring and food basket monitoring.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR two main type monitoring information gathered n distribution type monitoring conducted day distribution includes several activity including commodity monitoring onsite monitoring food basket monitoring ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating (M&E) interventions are essential when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process, to ensure accountability to all stakeholders and in particular to the affected population.The food assistance component shall be monitored and evaluated as part of a broader M&E plan for the DDR process. In general, arrangements for monitoring the distribution of assistance provided during DDR should be made in advance between all the implementing partners, using existing tools for monitoring and applying international best practices.In terms of food distribution, at a minimum, information shall be gathered on: \\n The receipt and delivery of commodities; \\n The number (disaggregated by sex and age) of people receiving assistance; \\n Food storage, handling and the distribution of commodities; \\n Food assistance availability and unmet needs. There are two main types of monitoring through which this information can be gathered: \\n Distribution: This type of monitoring, which is conducted on the day of distribution, includes several activities, including commodity monitoring, on-site monitoring and food basket monitoring. \\n Post-distribution: This monitoring takes place sometime after the distribution but before the next one. It includes monitoring of the way in which food assistance is used in households and communities, and market surveys.In order to increase the effectiveness of the current and future food assistance component, it is particularly important for data on DDR participants and beneficiaries to be collected so that it can be easily disaggregated. Numerical data should be systematically collected for the following categories: ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants (partners and relatives of ex-combatants). Every effort should be made to disaggregate the data by: \\n Sex and age; \\n Vulnerable group category (CAAFAG, people living with HIV\/ AIDS, persons with disabilities, etc.); \\n DDR location(s); \\n Armed force\/group affiliation.Also, identifying lessons learned and conducting evaluations of the impacts of food assistance helps to improve the approach to delivering food assistance within DDR processes and the broader inter-agency approach to DDR. The UN agencies involved in the DDR process should ensure that a comprehensive evaluation of the food assistance provided during early stages of the DDR process (for example the disarmament and demobilization phases of a DDR programme) are carried out and factored into later stages (such as the reintegration phase of a DDR programme). The evaluation should provide an in-depth analysis of early food assistance activities and allow for later food assistance components to be reviewed and, if necessary, redesigned\/reoriented. Gender should be taken into consideration in the evaluation to assess if there were any unexpected outcomes of food assistance on women and men, and on gender relations and gender equality. Lessons learned should be recorded and shared with all relevant stakeholders to guide future policies and to improve the effectiveness of future planning and support to operations.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1361, "Sentence":"\\n Post-distribution: This monitoring takes place sometime after the distribution but before the next one.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR n postdistribution monitoring take place sometime distribution next one ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating (M&E) interventions are essential when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process, to ensure accountability to all stakeholders and in particular to the affected population.The food assistance component shall be monitored and evaluated as part of a broader M&E plan for the DDR process. In general, arrangements for monitoring the distribution of assistance provided during DDR should be made in advance between all the implementing partners, using existing tools for monitoring and applying international best practices.In terms of food distribution, at a minimum, information shall be gathered on: \\n The receipt and delivery of commodities; \\n The number (disaggregated by sex and age) of people receiving assistance; \\n Food storage, handling and the distribution of commodities; \\n Food assistance availability and unmet needs. There are two main types of monitoring through which this information can be gathered: \\n Distribution: This type of monitoring, which is conducted on the day of distribution, includes several activities, including commodity monitoring, on-site monitoring and food basket monitoring. \\n Post-distribution: This monitoring takes place sometime after the distribution but before the next one. It includes monitoring of the way in which food assistance is used in households and communities, and market surveys.In order to increase the effectiveness of the current and future food assistance component, it is particularly important for data on DDR participants and beneficiaries to be collected so that it can be easily disaggregated. Numerical data should be systematically collected for the following categories: ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants (partners and relatives of ex-combatants). Every effort should be made to disaggregate the data by: \\n Sex and age; \\n Vulnerable group category (CAAFAG, people living with HIV\/ AIDS, persons with disabilities, etc.); \\n DDR location(s); \\n Armed force\/group affiliation.Also, identifying lessons learned and conducting evaluations of the impacts of food assistance helps to improve the approach to delivering food assistance within DDR processes and the broader inter-agency approach to DDR. The UN agencies involved in the DDR process should ensure that a comprehensive evaluation of the food assistance provided during early stages of the DDR process (for example the disarmament and demobilization phases of a DDR programme) are carried out and factored into later stages (such as the reintegration phase of a DDR programme). The evaluation should provide an in-depth analysis of early food assistance activities and allow for later food assistance components to be reviewed and, if necessary, redesigned\/reoriented. Gender should be taken into consideration in the evaluation to assess if there were any unexpected outcomes of food assistance on women and men, and on gender relations and gender equality. Lessons learned should be recorded and shared with all relevant stakeholders to guide future policies and to improve the effectiveness of future planning and support to operations.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1361, "Sentence":"It includes monitoring of the way in which food assistance is used in households and communities, and market surveys.In order to increase the effectiveness of the current and future food assistance component, it is particularly important for data on DDR participants and beneficiaries to be collected so that it can be easily disaggregated.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR includes monitoring way food assistance used household community market surveys.in order increase effectiveness current future food assistance component particularly important data ddr participant beneficiary collected easily disaggregated ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating (M&E) interventions are essential when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process, to ensure accountability to all stakeholders and in particular to the affected population.The food assistance component shall be monitored and evaluated as part of a broader M&E plan for the DDR process. In general, arrangements for monitoring the distribution of assistance provided during DDR should be made in advance between all the implementing partners, using existing tools for monitoring and applying international best practices.In terms of food distribution, at a minimum, information shall be gathered on: \\n The receipt and delivery of commodities; \\n The number (disaggregated by sex and age) of people receiving assistance; \\n Food storage, handling and the distribution of commodities; \\n Food assistance availability and unmet needs. There are two main types of monitoring through which this information can be gathered: \\n Distribution: This type of monitoring, which is conducted on the day of distribution, includes several activities, including commodity monitoring, on-site monitoring and food basket monitoring. \\n Post-distribution: This monitoring takes place sometime after the distribution but before the next one. It includes monitoring of the way in which food assistance is used in households and communities, and market surveys.In order to increase the effectiveness of the current and future food assistance component, it is particularly important for data on DDR participants and beneficiaries to be collected so that it can be easily disaggregated. Numerical data should be systematically collected for the following categories: ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants (partners and relatives of ex-combatants). Every effort should be made to disaggregate the data by: \\n Sex and age; \\n Vulnerable group category (CAAFAG, people living with HIV\/ AIDS, persons with disabilities, etc.); \\n DDR location(s); \\n Armed force\/group affiliation.Also, identifying lessons learned and conducting evaluations of the impacts of food assistance helps to improve the approach to delivering food assistance within DDR processes and the broader inter-agency approach to DDR. The UN agencies involved in the DDR process should ensure that a comprehensive evaluation of the food assistance provided during early stages of the DDR process (for example the disarmament and demobilization phases of a DDR programme) are carried out and factored into later stages (such as the reintegration phase of a DDR programme). The evaluation should provide an in-depth analysis of early food assistance activities and allow for later food assistance components to be reviewed and, if necessary, redesigned\/reoriented. Gender should be taken into consideration in the evaluation to assess if there were any unexpected outcomes of food assistance on women and men, and on gender relations and gender equality. Lessons learned should be recorded and shared with all relevant stakeholders to guide future policies and to improve the effectiveness of future planning and support to operations.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1361, "Sentence":"Numerical data should be systematically collected for the following categories: ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants (partners and relatives of ex-combatants).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR numerical data systematically collected following category excombatants person formerly associated armed force group dependant partner relative excombatants ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating (M&E) interventions are essential when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process, to ensure accountability to all stakeholders and in particular to the affected population.The food assistance component shall be monitored and evaluated as part of a broader M&E plan for the DDR process. In general, arrangements for monitoring the distribution of assistance provided during DDR should be made in advance between all the implementing partners, using existing tools for monitoring and applying international best practices.In terms of food distribution, at a minimum, information shall be gathered on: \\n The receipt and delivery of commodities; \\n The number (disaggregated by sex and age) of people receiving assistance; \\n Food storage, handling and the distribution of commodities; \\n Food assistance availability and unmet needs. There are two main types of monitoring through which this information can be gathered: \\n Distribution: This type of monitoring, which is conducted on the day of distribution, includes several activities, including commodity monitoring, on-site monitoring and food basket monitoring. \\n Post-distribution: This monitoring takes place sometime after the distribution but before the next one. It includes monitoring of the way in which food assistance is used in households and communities, and market surveys.In order to increase the effectiveness of the current and future food assistance component, it is particularly important for data on DDR participants and beneficiaries to be collected so that it can be easily disaggregated. Numerical data should be systematically collected for the following categories: ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants (partners and relatives of ex-combatants). Every effort should be made to disaggregate the data by: \\n Sex and age; \\n Vulnerable group category (CAAFAG, people living with HIV\/ AIDS, persons with disabilities, etc.); \\n DDR location(s); \\n Armed force\/group affiliation.Also, identifying lessons learned and conducting evaluations of the impacts of food assistance helps to improve the approach to delivering food assistance within DDR processes and the broader inter-agency approach to DDR. The UN agencies involved in the DDR process should ensure that a comprehensive evaluation of the food assistance provided during early stages of the DDR process (for example the disarmament and demobilization phases of a DDR programme) are carried out and factored into later stages (such as the reintegration phase of a DDR programme). The evaluation should provide an in-depth analysis of early food assistance activities and allow for later food assistance components to be reviewed and, if necessary, redesigned\/reoriented. Gender should be taken into consideration in the evaluation to assess if there were any unexpected outcomes of food assistance on women and men, and on gender relations and gender equality. Lessons learned should be recorded and shared with all relevant stakeholders to guide future policies and to improve the effectiveness of future planning and support to operations.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1361, "Sentence":"Every effort should be made to disaggregate the data by: \\n Sex and age; \\n Vulnerable group category (CAAFAG, people living with HIV\/ AIDS, persons with disabilities, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR every effort made disaggregate data n sex age n vulnerable group category caafag people living hiv\/ aid person disability etc ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating (M&E) interventions are essential when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process, to ensure accountability to all stakeholders and in particular to the affected population.The food assistance component shall be monitored and evaluated as part of a broader M&E plan for the DDR process. In general, arrangements for monitoring the distribution of assistance provided during DDR should be made in advance between all the implementing partners, using existing tools for monitoring and applying international best practices.In terms of food distribution, at a minimum, information shall be gathered on: \\n The receipt and delivery of commodities; \\n The number (disaggregated by sex and age) of people receiving assistance; \\n Food storage, handling and the distribution of commodities; \\n Food assistance availability and unmet needs. There are two main types of monitoring through which this information can be gathered: \\n Distribution: This type of monitoring, which is conducted on the day of distribution, includes several activities, including commodity monitoring, on-site monitoring and food basket monitoring. \\n Post-distribution: This monitoring takes place sometime after the distribution but before the next one. It includes monitoring of the way in which food assistance is used in households and communities, and market surveys.In order to increase the effectiveness of the current and future food assistance component, it is particularly important for data on DDR participants and beneficiaries to be collected so that it can be easily disaggregated. Numerical data should be systematically collected for the following categories: ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants (partners and relatives of ex-combatants). Every effort should be made to disaggregate the data by: \\n Sex and age; \\n Vulnerable group category (CAAFAG, people living with HIV\/ AIDS, persons with disabilities, etc.); \\n DDR location(s); \\n Armed force\/group affiliation.Also, identifying lessons learned and conducting evaluations of the impacts of food assistance helps to improve the approach to delivering food assistance within DDR processes and the broader inter-agency approach to DDR. The UN agencies involved in the DDR process should ensure that a comprehensive evaluation of the food assistance provided during early stages of the DDR process (for example the disarmament and demobilization phases of a DDR programme) are carried out and factored into later stages (such as the reintegration phase of a DDR programme). The evaluation should provide an in-depth analysis of early food assistance activities and allow for later food assistance components to be reviewed and, if necessary, redesigned\/reoriented. Gender should be taken into consideration in the evaluation to assess if there were any unexpected outcomes of food assistance on women and men, and on gender relations and gender equality. Lessons learned should be recorded and shared with all relevant stakeholders to guide future policies and to improve the effectiveness of future planning and support to operations.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1361, "Sentence":"); \\n DDR location(s); \\n Armed force\/group affiliation.Also, identifying lessons learned and conducting evaluations of the impacts of food assistance helps to improve the approach to delivering food assistance within DDR processes and the broader inter-agency approach to DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR n ddr location n armed force\/group affiliation.also identifying lesson learned conducting evaluation impact food assistance help improve approach delivering food assistance within ddr process broader interagency approach ddr ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating (M&E) interventions are essential when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process, to ensure accountability to all stakeholders and in particular to the affected population.The food assistance component shall be monitored and evaluated as part of a broader M&E plan for the DDR process. In general, arrangements for monitoring the distribution of assistance provided during DDR should be made in advance between all the implementing partners, using existing tools for monitoring and applying international best practices.In terms of food distribution, at a minimum, information shall be gathered on: \\n The receipt and delivery of commodities; \\n The number (disaggregated by sex and age) of people receiving assistance; \\n Food storage, handling and the distribution of commodities; \\n Food assistance availability and unmet needs. There are two main types of monitoring through which this information can be gathered: \\n Distribution: This type of monitoring, which is conducted on the day of distribution, includes several activities, including commodity monitoring, on-site monitoring and food basket monitoring. \\n Post-distribution: This monitoring takes place sometime after the distribution but before the next one. It includes monitoring of the way in which food assistance is used in households and communities, and market surveys.In order to increase the effectiveness of the current and future food assistance component, it is particularly important for data on DDR participants and beneficiaries to be collected so that it can be easily disaggregated. Numerical data should be systematically collected for the following categories: ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants (partners and relatives of ex-combatants). Every effort should be made to disaggregate the data by: \\n Sex and age; \\n Vulnerable group category (CAAFAG, people living with HIV\/ AIDS, persons with disabilities, etc.); \\n DDR location(s); \\n Armed force\/group affiliation.Also, identifying lessons learned and conducting evaluations of the impacts of food assistance helps to improve the approach to delivering food assistance within DDR processes and the broader inter-agency approach to DDR. The UN agencies involved in the DDR process should ensure that a comprehensive evaluation of the food assistance provided during early stages of the DDR process (for example the disarmament and demobilization phases of a DDR programme) are carried out and factored into later stages (such as the reintegration phase of a DDR programme). The evaluation should provide an in-depth analysis of early food assistance activities and allow for later food assistance components to be reviewed and, if necessary, redesigned\/reoriented. Gender should be taken into consideration in the evaluation to assess if there were any unexpected outcomes of food assistance on women and men, and on gender relations and gender equality. Lessons learned should be recorded and shared with all relevant stakeholders to guide future policies and to improve the effectiveness of future planning and support to operations.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1361, "Sentence":"The UN agencies involved in the DDR process should ensure that a comprehensive evaluation of the food assistance provided during early stages of the DDR process (for example the disarmament and demobilization phases of a DDR programme) are carried out and factored into later stages (such as the reintegration phase of a DDR programme).", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR un agency involved ddr process ensure comprehensive evaluation food assistance provided early stage ddr process example disarmament demobilization phase ddr programme carried factored later stage reintegration phase ddr programme ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating (M&E) interventions are essential when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process, to ensure accountability to all stakeholders and in particular to the affected population.The food assistance component shall be monitored and evaluated as part of a broader M&E plan for the DDR process. In general, arrangements for monitoring the distribution of assistance provided during DDR should be made in advance between all the implementing partners, using existing tools for monitoring and applying international best practices.In terms of food distribution, at a minimum, information shall be gathered on: \\n The receipt and delivery of commodities; \\n The number (disaggregated by sex and age) of people receiving assistance; \\n Food storage, handling and the distribution of commodities; \\n Food assistance availability and unmet needs. There are two main types of monitoring through which this information can be gathered: \\n Distribution: This type of monitoring, which is conducted on the day of distribution, includes several activities, including commodity monitoring, on-site monitoring and food basket monitoring. \\n Post-distribution: This monitoring takes place sometime after the distribution but before the next one. It includes monitoring of the way in which food assistance is used in households and communities, and market surveys.In order to increase the effectiveness of the current and future food assistance component, it is particularly important for data on DDR participants and beneficiaries to be collected so that it can be easily disaggregated. Numerical data should be systematically collected for the following categories: ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants (partners and relatives of ex-combatants). Every effort should be made to disaggregate the data by: \\n Sex and age; \\n Vulnerable group category (CAAFAG, people living with HIV\/ AIDS, persons with disabilities, etc.); \\n DDR location(s); \\n Armed force\/group affiliation.Also, identifying lessons learned and conducting evaluations of the impacts of food assistance helps to improve the approach to delivering food assistance within DDR processes and the broader inter-agency approach to DDR. The UN agencies involved in the DDR process should ensure that a comprehensive evaluation of the food assistance provided during early stages of the DDR process (for example the disarmament and demobilization phases of a DDR programme) are carried out and factored into later stages (such as the reintegration phase of a DDR programme). The evaluation should provide an in-depth analysis of early food assistance activities and allow for later food assistance components to be reviewed and, if necessary, redesigned\/reoriented. Gender should be taken into consideration in the evaluation to assess if there were any unexpected outcomes of food assistance on women and men, and on gender relations and gender equality. Lessons learned should be recorded and shared with all relevant stakeholders to guide future policies and to improve the effectiveness of future planning and support to operations.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1361, "Sentence":"The evaluation should provide an in-depth analysis of early food assistance activities and allow for later food assistance components to be reviewed and, if necessary, redesigned\/reoriented.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR evaluation provide indepth analysis early food assistance activity allow later food assistance component reviewed necessary redesigned\/reoriented ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating (M&E) interventions are essential when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process, to ensure accountability to all stakeholders and in particular to the affected population.The food assistance component shall be monitored and evaluated as part of a broader M&E plan for the DDR process. In general, arrangements for monitoring the distribution of assistance provided during DDR should be made in advance between all the implementing partners, using existing tools for monitoring and applying international best practices.In terms of food distribution, at a minimum, information shall be gathered on: \\n The receipt and delivery of commodities; \\n The number (disaggregated by sex and age) of people receiving assistance; \\n Food storage, handling and the distribution of commodities; \\n Food assistance availability and unmet needs. There are two main types of monitoring through which this information can be gathered: \\n Distribution: This type of monitoring, which is conducted on the day of distribution, includes several activities, including commodity monitoring, on-site monitoring and food basket monitoring. \\n Post-distribution: This monitoring takes place sometime after the distribution but before the next one. It includes monitoring of the way in which food assistance is used in households and communities, and market surveys.In order to increase the effectiveness of the current and future food assistance component, it is particularly important for data on DDR participants and beneficiaries to be collected so that it can be easily disaggregated. Numerical data should be systematically collected for the following categories: ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants (partners and relatives of ex-combatants). Every effort should be made to disaggregate the data by: \\n Sex and age; \\n Vulnerable group category (CAAFAG, people living with HIV\/ AIDS, persons with disabilities, etc.); \\n DDR location(s); \\n Armed force\/group affiliation.Also, identifying lessons learned and conducting evaluations of the impacts of food assistance helps to improve the approach to delivering food assistance within DDR processes and the broader inter-agency approach to DDR. The UN agencies involved in the DDR process should ensure that a comprehensive evaluation of the food assistance provided during early stages of the DDR process (for example the disarmament and demobilization phases of a DDR programme) are carried out and factored into later stages (such as the reintegration phase of a DDR programme). The evaluation should provide an in-depth analysis of early food assistance activities and allow for later food assistance components to be reviewed and, if necessary, redesigned\/reoriented. Gender should be taken into consideration in the evaluation to assess if there were any unexpected outcomes of food assistance on women and men, and on gender relations and gender equality. Lessons learned should be recorded and shared with all relevant stakeholders to guide future policies and to improve the effectiveness of future planning and support to operations.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1361, "Sentence":"Gender should be taken into consideration in the evaluation to assess if there were any unexpected outcomes of food assistance on women and men, and on gender relations and gender equality.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR gender taken consideration evaluation ass unexpected outcome food assistance woman men gender relation gender equality ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"8. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating (M&E) interventions are essential when food assistance is provided as part of a DDR process, to ensure accountability to all stakeholders and in particular to the affected population.The food assistance component shall be monitored and evaluated as part of a broader M&E plan for the DDR process. In general, arrangements for monitoring the distribution of assistance provided during DDR should be made in advance between all the implementing partners, using existing tools for monitoring and applying international best practices.In terms of food distribution, at a minimum, information shall be gathered on: \\n The receipt and delivery of commodities; \\n The number (disaggregated by sex and age) of people receiving assistance; \\n Food storage, handling and the distribution of commodities; \\n Food assistance availability and unmet needs. There are two main types of monitoring through which this information can be gathered: \\n Distribution: This type of monitoring, which is conducted on the day of distribution, includes several activities, including commodity monitoring, on-site monitoring and food basket monitoring. \\n Post-distribution: This monitoring takes place sometime after the distribution but before the next one. It includes monitoring of the way in which food assistance is used in households and communities, and market surveys.In order to increase the effectiveness of the current and future food assistance component, it is particularly important for data on DDR participants and beneficiaries to be collected so that it can be easily disaggregated. Numerical data should be systematically collected for the following categories: ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and dependants (partners and relatives of ex-combatants). Every effort should be made to disaggregate the data by: \\n Sex and age; \\n Vulnerable group category (CAAFAG, people living with HIV\/ AIDS, persons with disabilities, etc.); \\n DDR location(s); \\n Armed force\/group affiliation.Also, identifying lessons learned and conducting evaluations of the impacts of food assistance helps to improve the approach to delivering food assistance within DDR processes and the broader inter-agency approach to DDR. The UN agencies involved in the DDR process should ensure that a comprehensive evaluation of the food assistance provided during early stages of the DDR process (for example the disarmament and demobilization phases of a DDR programme) are carried out and factored into later stages (such as the reintegration phase of a DDR programme). The evaluation should provide an in-depth analysis of early food assistance activities and allow for later food assistance components to be reviewed and, if necessary, redesigned\/reoriented. Gender should be taken into consideration in the evaluation to assess if there were any unexpected outcomes of food assistance on women and men, and on gender relations and gender equality. Lessons learned should be recorded and shared with all relevant stakeholders to guide future policies and to improve the effectiveness of future planning and support to operations.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1361, "Sentence":"Lessons learned should be recorded and shared with all relevant stakeholders to guide future policies and to improve the effectiveness of future planning and support to operations.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR lesson learned recorded shared relevant stakeholder guide future policy improve effectiveness future planning support operation ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Guidance on how the provision of food assistance is affected in contexts where armed groups designated as terrorist organisations by the United Nations Security Council, Member States or regional organizations are active will be developed at a later stage particularly to address elements of risk and vulnerability in the provision of support in these contexts. \\n 2 See Gina Pattugalan (2014) Linking food security, food assistance and protection from gender- based violence: WFP\u2019s experience \\n 3 See https:\/\/www.wfp.org\/publications\/2017-fill-nutrient-gap", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1362, "Sentence":"\\n 1 Guidance on how the provision of food assistance is affected in contexts where armed groups designated as terrorist organisations by the United Nations Security Council, Member States or regional organizations are active will be developed at a later stage particularly to address elements of risk and vulnerability in the provision of support in these contexts.", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR n 1 guidance provision food assistance affected context armed group designated terrorist organisation united nation security council member state regional organization active developed later stage particularly address element risk vulnerability provision support context ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#D10007", "Level":5, "LevelName":"5", "Title":"IDDRS-5.50-Food-Assistance-in-DDR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"Food Assistance in DDR", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"\\n 1 Guidance on how the provision of food assistance is affected in contexts where armed groups designated as terrorist organisations by the United Nations Security Council, Member States or regional organizations are active will be developed at a later stage particularly to address elements of risk and vulnerability in the provision of support in these contexts. \\n 2 See Gina Pattugalan (2014) Linking food security, food assistance and protection from gender- based violence: WFP\u2019s experience \\n 3 See https:\/\/www.wfp.org\/publications\/2017-fill-nutrient-gap", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1362, "Sentence":"\\n 2 See Gina Pattugalan (2014) Linking food security, food assistance and protection from gender- based violence: WFP\u2019s experience \\n 3 See https:\/\/www.wfp.org\/publications\/2017-fill-nutrient-gap", "ProcessedSent":"Food Assistance in DDR n 2 see gina pattugalan 2014 linking food security food assistance protection gender based violence wfp \u2019 experience n 3 see https\/\/www.wfp.org\/publications\/2017fillnutrientgap" }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Organized crime and conflict converge in several ways, notably in terms of the actors and motives involved, modes of operating and economic opportunities. Conflict settings \u2013 marked by weakened social, economic and security institutions; the delegitimization or absence of State authority; shortages of goods and services for local populations; and emerging war economies \u2013 provide opportunities for criminal actors to fill these voids. They also offer an opening for illicit activities, including human, drugs and weapons trafficking, to flourish. At the same time, the profits from criminal activities provide conflict parties and individual combatants with economic and often social and political incentives to carry on fighting. For DDR processes to succeed, DDR practitioners should consider these factors.Dealing with the involvement of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in organized crime not only requires the promotion of alternative livelihoods and reconciliation, but also the strengthening of national and local capacities. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement to find alternatives to illicit economies, they can simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of conflict on organized crime, while supporting sustainable economic and social opportunities. Building stronger State institutions and civil service systems can contribute to better governance and respect for the rule of law. Civil services can be strengthened not only through training, but also by improving the salaries and living conditions of those working in the system. It is through the concerted efforts and goodwill of these systems, among other players, that the sustainability of DDR efforts can be realized.This module highlights the need for DDR practitioners to translate the recognized linkages between organized crime, conflict and peacebuilding into the design and implementation of DDR processes. It aims to contribute to age- and gender-sensitive DDR processes that are based on a more systematic understanding of organized crime in conflict and post-conflict settings, so as to best support the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace. Through enhanced cooperation, mapping and dialogue among relevant stakeholders, the linkages between DDR and organized crime interventions can be addressed in a manner that supports DDR in the context of wider recovery, peacebuilding and sustainable development.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1363, "Sentence":"Organized crime and conflict converge in several ways, notably in terms of the actors and motives involved, modes of operating and economic opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime organized crime conflict converge several way notably term actor motif involved mode operating economic opportunity ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Organized crime and conflict converge in several ways, notably in terms of the actors and motives involved, modes of operating and economic opportunities. Conflict settings \u2013 marked by weakened social, economic and security institutions; the delegitimization or absence of State authority; shortages of goods and services for local populations; and emerging war economies \u2013 provide opportunities for criminal actors to fill these voids. They also offer an opening for illicit activities, including human, drugs and weapons trafficking, to flourish. At the same time, the profits from criminal activities provide conflict parties and individual combatants with economic and often social and political incentives to carry on fighting. For DDR processes to succeed, DDR practitioners should consider these factors.Dealing with the involvement of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in organized crime not only requires the promotion of alternative livelihoods and reconciliation, but also the strengthening of national and local capacities. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement to find alternatives to illicit economies, they can simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of conflict on organized crime, while supporting sustainable economic and social opportunities. Building stronger State institutions and civil service systems can contribute to better governance and respect for the rule of law. Civil services can be strengthened not only through training, but also by improving the salaries and living conditions of those working in the system. It is through the concerted efforts and goodwill of these systems, among other players, that the sustainability of DDR efforts can be realized.This module highlights the need for DDR practitioners to translate the recognized linkages between organized crime, conflict and peacebuilding into the design and implementation of DDR processes. It aims to contribute to age- and gender-sensitive DDR processes that are based on a more systematic understanding of organized crime in conflict and post-conflict settings, so as to best support the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace. Through enhanced cooperation, mapping and dialogue among relevant stakeholders, the linkages between DDR and organized crime interventions can be addressed in a manner that supports DDR in the context of wider recovery, peacebuilding and sustainable development.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1363, "Sentence":"Conflict settings \u2013 marked by weakened social, economic and security institutions; the delegitimization or absence of State authority; shortages of goods and services for local populations; and emerging war economies \u2013 provide opportunities for criminal actors to fill these voids.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime conflict setting \u2013 marked weakened social economic security institution delegitimization absence state authority shortage good service local population emerging war economy \u2013 provide opportunity criminal actor fill void ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Organized crime and conflict converge in several ways, notably in terms of the actors and motives involved, modes of operating and economic opportunities. Conflict settings \u2013 marked by weakened social, economic and security institutions; the delegitimization or absence of State authority; shortages of goods and services for local populations; and emerging war economies \u2013 provide opportunities for criminal actors to fill these voids. They also offer an opening for illicit activities, including human, drugs and weapons trafficking, to flourish. At the same time, the profits from criminal activities provide conflict parties and individual combatants with economic and often social and political incentives to carry on fighting. For DDR processes to succeed, DDR practitioners should consider these factors.Dealing with the involvement of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in organized crime not only requires the promotion of alternative livelihoods and reconciliation, but also the strengthening of national and local capacities. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement to find alternatives to illicit economies, they can simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of conflict on organized crime, while supporting sustainable economic and social opportunities. Building stronger State institutions and civil service systems can contribute to better governance and respect for the rule of law. Civil services can be strengthened not only through training, but also by improving the salaries and living conditions of those working in the system. It is through the concerted efforts and goodwill of these systems, among other players, that the sustainability of DDR efforts can be realized.This module highlights the need for DDR practitioners to translate the recognized linkages between organized crime, conflict and peacebuilding into the design and implementation of DDR processes. It aims to contribute to age- and gender-sensitive DDR processes that are based on a more systematic understanding of organized crime in conflict and post-conflict settings, so as to best support the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace. Through enhanced cooperation, mapping and dialogue among relevant stakeholders, the linkages between DDR and organized crime interventions can be addressed in a manner that supports DDR in the context of wider recovery, peacebuilding and sustainable development.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1363, "Sentence":"They also offer an opening for illicit activities, including human, drugs and weapons trafficking, to flourish.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime also offer opening illicit activity including human drug weapon trafficking flourish ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Organized crime and conflict converge in several ways, notably in terms of the actors and motives involved, modes of operating and economic opportunities. Conflict settings \u2013 marked by weakened social, economic and security institutions; the delegitimization or absence of State authority; shortages of goods and services for local populations; and emerging war economies \u2013 provide opportunities for criminal actors to fill these voids. They also offer an opening for illicit activities, including human, drugs and weapons trafficking, to flourish. At the same time, the profits from criminal activities provide conflict parties and individual combatants with economic and often social and political incentives to carry on fighting. For DDR processes to succeed, DDR practitioners should consider these factors.Dealing with the involvement of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in organized crime not only requires the promotion of alternative livelihoods and reconciliation, but also the strengthening of national and local capacities. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement to find alternatives to illicit economies, they can simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of conflict on organized crime, while supporting sustainable economic and social opportunities. Building stronger State institutions and civil service systems can contribute to better governance and respect for the rule of law. Civil services can be strengthened not only through training, but also by improving the salaries and living conditions of those working in the system. It is through the concerted efforts and goodwill of these systems, among other players, that the sustainability of DDR efforts can be realized.This module highlights the need for DDR practitioners to translate the recognized linkages between organized crime, conflict and peacebuilding into the design and implementation of DDR processes. It aims to contribute to age- and gender-sensitive DDR processes that are based on a more systematic understanding of organized crime in conflict and post-conflict settings, so as to best support the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace. Through enhanced cooperation, mapping and dialogue among relevant stakeholders, the linkages between DDR and organized crime interventions can be addressed in a manner that supports DDR in the context of wider recovery, peacebuilding and sustainable development.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1363, "Sentence":"At the same time, the profits from criminal activities provide conflict parties and individual combatants with economic and often social and political incentives to carry on fighting.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime time profit criminal activity provide conflict party individual combatant economic often social political incentive carry fighting ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Organized crime and conflict converge in several ways, notably in terms of the actors and motives involved, modes of operating and economic opportunities. Conflict settings \u2013 marked by weakened social, economic and security institutions; the delegitimization or absence of State authority; shortages of goods and services for local populations; and emerging war economies \u2013 provide opportunities for criminal actors to fill these voids. They also offer an opening for illicit activities, including human, drugs and weapons trafficking, to flourish. At the same time, the profits from criminal activities provide conflict parties and individual combatants with economic and often social and political incentives to carry on fighting. For DDR processes to succeed, DDR practitioners should consider these factors.Dealing with the involvement of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in organized crime not only requires the promotion of alternative livelihoods and reconciliation, but also the strengthening of national and local capacities. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement to find alternatives to illicit economies, they can simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of conflict on organized crime, while supporting sustainable economic and social opportunities. Building stronger State institutions and civil service systems can contribute to better governance and respect for the rule of law. Civil services can be strengthened not only through training, but also by improving the salaries and living conditions of those working in the system. It is through the concerted efforts and goodwill of these systems, among other players, that the sustainability of DDR efforts can be realized.This module highlights the need for DDR practitioners to translate the recognized linkages between organized crime, conflict and peacebuilding into the design and implementation of DDR processes. It aims to contribute to age- and gender-sensitive DDR processes that are based on a more systematic understanding of organized crime in conflict and post-conflict settings, so as to best support the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace. Through enhanced cooperation, mapping and dialogue among relevant stakeholders, the linkages between DDR and organized crime interventions can be addressed in a manner that supports DDR in the context of wider recovery, peacebuilding and sustainable development.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1363, "Sentence":"For DDR processes to succeed, DDR practitioners should consider these factors.Dealing with the involvement of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in organized crime not only requires the promotion of alternative livelihoods and reconciliation, but also the strengthening of national and local capacities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr process succeed ddr practitioner consider factors.dealing involvement excombatants person associated armed force group organized crime requires promotion alternative livelihood reconciliation also strengthening national local capacity ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Organized crime and conflict converge in several ways, notably in terms of the actors and motives involved, modes of operating and economic opportunities. Conflict settings \u2013 marked by weakened social, economic and security institutions; the delegitimization or absence of State authority; shortages of goods and services for local populations; and emerging war economies \u2013 provide opportunities for criminal actors to fill these voids. They also offer an opening for illicit activities, including human, drugs and weapons trafficking, to flourish. At the same time, the profits from criminal activities provide conflict parties and individual combatants with economic and often social and political incentives to carry on fighting. For DDR processes to succeed, DDR practitioners should consider these factors.Dealing with the involvement of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in organized crime not only requires the promotion of alternative livelihoods and reconciliation, but also the strengthening of national and local capacities. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement to find alternatives to illicit economies, they can simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of conflict on organized crime, while supporting sustainable economic and social opportunities. Building stronger State institutions and civil service systems can contribute to better governance and respect for the rule of law. Civil services can be strengthened not only through training, but also by improving the salaries and living conditions of those working in the system. It is through the concerted efforts and goodwill of these systems, among other players, that the sustainability of DDR efforts can be realized.This module highlights the need for DDR practitioners to translate the recognized linkages between organized crime, conflict and peacebuilding into the design and implementation of DDR processes. It aims to contribute to age- and gender-sensitive DDR processes that are based on a more systematic understanding of organized crime in conflict and post-conflict settings, so as to best support the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace. Through enhanced cooperation, mapping and dialogue among relevant stakeholders, the linkages between DDR and organized crime interventions can be addressed in a manner that supports DDR in the context of wider recovery, peacebuilding and sustainable development.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1363, "Sentence":"When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement to find alternatives to illicit economies, they can simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of conflict on organized crime, while supporting sustainable economic and social opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr process promote good governance practice transparent policy community engagement find alternative illicit economy simultaneously address conflict driver impact conflict organized crime supporting sustainable economic social opportunity ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Organized crime and conflict converge in several ways, notably in terms of the actors and motives involved, modes of operating and economic opportunities. Conflict settings \u2013 marked by weakened social, economic and security institutions; the delegitimization or absence of State authority; shortages of goods and services for local populations; and emerging war economies \u2013 provide opportunities for criminal actors to fill these voids. They also offer an opening for illicit activities, including human, drugs and weapons trafficking, to flourish. At the same time, the profits from criminal activities provide conflict parties and individual combatants with economic and often social and political incentives to carry on fighting. For DDR processes to succeed, DDR practitioners should consider these factors.Dealing with the involvement of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in organized crime not only requires the promotion of alternative livelihoods and reconciliation, but also the strengthening of national and local capacities. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement to find alternatives to illicit economies, they can simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of conflict on organized crime, while supporting sustainable economic and social opportunities. Building stronger State institutions and civil service systems can contribute to better governance and respect for the rule of law. Civil services can be strengthened not only through training, but also by improving the salaries and living conditions of those working in the system. It is through the concerted efforts and goodwill of these systems, among other players, that the sustainability of DDR efforts can be realized.This module highlights the need for DDR practitioners to translate the recognized linkages between organized crime, conflict and peacebuilding into the design and implementation of DDR processes. It aims to contribute to age- and gender-sensitive DDR processes that are based on a more systematic understanding of organized crime in conflict and post-conflict settings, so as to best support the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace. Through enhanced cooperation, mapping and dialogue among relevant stakeholders, the linkages between DDR and organized crime interventions can be addressed in a manner that supports DDR in the context of wider recovery, peacebuilding and sustainable development.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1363, "Sentence":"Building stronger State institutions and civil service systems can contribute to better governance and respect for the rule of law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime building stronger state institution civil service system contribute better governance respect rule law ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Organized crime and conflict converge in several ways, notably in terms of the actors and motives involved, modes of operating and economic opportunities. Conflict settings \u2013 marked by weakened social, economic and security institutions; the delegitimization or absence of State authority; shortages of goods and services for local populations; and emerging war economies \u2013 provide opportunities for criminal actors to fill these voids. They also offer an opening for illicit activities, including human, drugs and weapons trafficking, to flourish. At the same time, the profits from criminal activities provide conflict parties and individual combatants with economic and often social and political incentives to carry on fighting. For DDR processes to succeed, DDR practitioners should consider these factors.Dealing with the involvement of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in organized crime not only requires the promotion of alternative livelihoods and reconciliation, but also the strengthening of national and local capacities. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement to find alternatives to illicit economies, they can simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of conflict on organized crime, while supporting sustainable economic and social opportunities. Building stronger State institutions and civil service systems can contribute to better governance and respect for the rule of law. Civil services can be strengthened not only through training, but also by improving the salaries and living conditions of those working in the system. It is through the concerted efforts and goodwill of these systems, among other players, that the sustainability of DDR efforts can be realized.This module highlights the need for DDR practitioners to translate the recognized linkages between organized crime, conflict and peacebuilding into the design and implementation of DDR processes. It aims to contribute to age- and gender-sensitive DDR processes that are based on a more systematic understanding of organized crime in conflict and post-conflict settings, so as to best support the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace. Through enhanced cooperation, mapping and dialogue among relevant stakeholders, the linkages between DDR and organized crime interventions can be addressed in a manner that supports DDR in the context of wider recovery, peacebuilding and sustainable development.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1363, "Sentence":"Civil services can be strengthened not only through training, but also by improving the salaries and living conditions of those working in the system.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime civil service strengthened training also improving salary living condition working system ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Organized crime and conflict converge in several ways, notably in terms of the actors and motives involved, modes of operating and economic opportunities. Conflict settings \u2013 marked by weakened social, economic and security institutions; the delegitimization or absence of State authority; shortages of goods and services for local populations; and emerging war economies \u2013 provide opportunities for criminal actors to fill these voids. They also offer an opening for illicit activities, including human, drugs and weapons trafficking, to flourish. At the same time, the profits from criminal activities provide conflict parties and individual combatants with economic and often social and political incentives to carry on fighting. For DDR processes to succeed, DDR practitioners should consider these factors.Dealing with the involvement of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in organized crime not only requires the promotion of alternative livelihoods and reconciliation, but also the strengthening of national and local capacities. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement to find alternatives to illicit economies, they can simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of conflict on organized crime, while supporting sustainable economic and social opportunities. Building stronger State institutions and civil service systems can contribute to better governance and respect for the rule of law. Civil services can be strengthened not only through training, but also by improving the salaries and living conditions of those working in the system. It is through the concerted efforts and goodwill of these systems, among other players, that the sustainability of DDR efforts can be realized.This module highlights the need for DDR practitioners to translate the recognized linkages between organized crime, conflict and peacebuilding into the design and implementation of DDR processes. It aims to contribute to age- and gender-sensitive DDR processes that are based on a more systematic understanding of organized crime in conflict and post-conflict settings, so as to best support the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace. Through enhanced cooperation, mapping and dialogue among relevant stakeholders, the linkages between DDR and organized crime interventions can be addressed in a manner that supports DDR in the context of wider recovery, peacebuilding and sustainable development.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1363, "Sentence":"It is through the concerted efforts and goodwill of these systems, among other players, that the sustainability of DDR efforts can be realized.This module highlights the need for DDR practitioners to translate the recognized linkages between organized crime, conflict and peacebuilding into the design and implementation of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime concerted effort goodwill system among player sustainability ddr effort realized.this module highlight need ddr practitioner translate recognized linkage organized crime conflict peacebuilding design implementation ddr process ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Organized crime and conflict converge in several ways, notably in terms of the actors and motives involved, modes of operating and economic opportunities. Conflict settings \u2013 marked by weakened social, economic and security institutions; the delegitimization or absence of State authority; shortages of goods and services for local populations; and emerging war economies \u2013 provide opportunities for criminal actors to fill these voids. They also offer an opening for illicit activities, including human, drugs and weapons trafficking, to flourish. At the same time, the profits from criminal activities provide conflict parties and individual combatants with economic and often social and political incentives to carry on fighting. For DDR processes to succeed, DDR practitioners should consider these factors.Dealing with the involvement of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in organized crime not only requires the promotion of alternative livelihoods and reconciliation, but also the strengthening of national and local capacities. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement to find alternatives to illicit economies, they can simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of conflict on organized crime, while supporting sustainable economic and social opportunities. Building stronger State institutions and civil service systems can contribute to better governance and respect for the rule of law. Civil services can be strengthened not only through training, but also by improving the salaries and living conditions of those working in the system. It is through the concerted efforts and goodwill of these systems, among other players, that the sustainability of DDR efforts can be realized.This module highlights the need for DDR practitioners to translate the recognized linkages between organized crime, conflict and peacebuilding into the design and implementation of DDR processes. It aims to contribute to age- and gender-sensitive DDR processes that are based on a more systematic understanding of organized crime in conflict and post-conflict settings, so as to best support the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace. Through enhanced cooperation, mapping and dialogue among relevant stakeholders, the linkages between DDR and organized crime interventions can be addressed in a manner that supports DDR in the context of wider recovery, peacebuilding and sustainable development.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1363, "Sentence":"It aims to contribute to age- and gender-sensitive DDR processes that are based on a more systematic understanding of organized crime in conflict and post-conflict settings, so as to best support the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime aim contribute age gendersensitive ddr process based systematic understanding organized crime conflict postconflict setting best support successful transition conflict sustainable peace ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Organized crime and conflict converge in several ways, notably in terms of the actors and motives involved, modes of operating and economic opportunities. Conflict settings \u2013 marked by weakened social, economic and security institutions; the delegitimization or absence of State authority; shortages of goods and services for local populations; and emerging war economies \u2013 provide opportunities for criminal actors to fill these voids. They also offer an opening for illicit activities, including human, drugs and weapons trafficking, to flourish. At the same time, the profits from criminal activities provide conflict parties and individual combatants with economic and often social and political incentives to carry on fighting. For DDR processes to succeed, DDR practitioners should consider these factors.Dealing with the involvement of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups in organized crime not only requires the promotion of alternative livelihoods and reconciliation, but also the strengthening of national and local capacities. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement to find alternatives to illicit economies, they can simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of conflict on organized crime, while supporting sustainable economic and social opportunities. Building stronger State institutions and civil service systems can contribute to better governance and respect for the rule of law. Civil services can be strengthened not only through training, but also by improving the salaries and living conditions of those working in the system. It is through the concerted efforts and goodwill of these systems, among other players, that the sustainability of DDR efforts can be realized.This module highlights the need for DDR practitioners to translate the recognized linkages between organized crime, conflict and peacebuilding into the design and implementation of DDR processes. It aims to contribute to age- and gender-sensitive DDR processes that are based on a more systematic understanding of organized crime in conflict and post-conflict settings, so as to best support the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace. Through enhanced cooperation, mapping and dialogue among relevant stakeholders, the linkages between DDR and organized crime interventions can be addressed in a manner that supports DDR in the context of wider recovery, peacebuilding and sustainable development.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1363, "Sentence":"Through enhanced cooperation, mapping and dialogue among relevant stakeholders, the linkages between DDR and organized crime interventions can be addressed in a manner that supports DDR in the context of wider recovery, peacebuilding and sustainable development.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime enhanced cooperation mapping dialogue among relevant stakeholder linkage ddr organized crime intervention addressed manner support ddr context wider recovery peacebuilding sustainable development ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module provides DDR practitioners with information on the linkages between organized crime and DDR and guidance on how to include these linkages in integrated planning and assessment in an age- and gender-sensitive way. The module also aims to help DDR practitioners identify the risks and opportunities associated with incorporating organized crime considerations into DDR processes. The module highlights the role of organized crime across all phases of the peace continuum, from conflict prevention and resolution to peacekeeping, peacebuilding and longer-term development. It addresses the linkages between armed conflict, armed groups and organized crime, and outlines the ways that illicit economies can temporarily support reconciliation and sustainable reintegration. The guidance provided is applicable to mission and non-mission settings and may be relevant for all actors engaged in combating the conflict-crime nexus at local, national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1364, "Sentence":"This module provides DDR practitioners with information on the linkages between organized crime and DDR and guidance on how to include these linkages in integrated planning and assessment in an age- and gender-sensitive way.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime module provides ddr practitioner information linkage organized crime ddr guidance include linkage integrated planning assessment age gendersensitive way ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module provides DDR practitioners with information on the linkages between organized crime and DDR and guidance on how to include these linkages in integrated planning and assessment in an age- and gender-sensitive way. The module also aims to help DDR practitioners identify the risks and opportunities associated with incorporating organized crime considerations into DDR processes. The module highlights the role of organized crime across all phases of the peace continuum, from conflict prevention and resolution to peacekeeping, peacebuilding and longer-term development. It addresses the linkages between armed conflict, armed groups and organized crime, and outlines the ways that illicit economies can temporarily support reconciliation and sustainable reintegration. The guidance provided is applicable to mission and non-mission settings and may be relevant for all actors engaged in combating the conflict-crime nexus at local, national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1364, "Sentence":"The module also aims to help DDR practitioners identify the risks and opportunities associated with incorporating organized crime considerations into DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime module also aim help ddr practitioner identify risk opportunity associated incorporating organized crime consideration ddr process ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module provides DDR practitioners with information on the linkages between organized crime and DDR and guidance on how to include these linkages in integrated planning and assessment in an age- and gender-sensitive way. The module also aims to help DDR practitioners identify the risks and opportunities associated with incorporating organized crime considerations into DDR processes. The module highlights the role of organized crime across all phases of the peace continuum, from conflict prevention and resolution to peacekeeping, peacebuilding and longer-term development. It addresses the linkages between armed conflict, armed groups and organized crime, and outlines the ways that illicit economies can temporarily support reconciliation and sustainable reintegration. The guidance provided is applicable to mission and non-mission settings and may be relevant for all actors engaged in combating the conflict-crime nexus at local, national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1364, "Sentence":"The module highlights the role of organized crime across all phases of the peace continuum, from conflict prevention and resolution to peacekeeping, peacebuilding and longer-term development.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime module highlight role organized crime across phase peace continuum conflict prevention resolution peacekeeping peacebuilding longerterm development ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module provides DDR practitioners with information on the linkages between organized crime and DDR and guidance on how to include these linkages in integrated planning and assessment in an age- and gender-sensitive way. The module also aims to help DDR practitioners identify the risks and opportunities associated with incorporating organized crime considerations into DDR processes. The module highlights the role of organized crime across all phases of the peace continuum, from conflict prevention and resolution to peacekeeping, peacebuilding and longer-term development. It addresses the linkages between armed conflict, armed groups and organized crime, and outlines the ways that illicit economies can temporarily support reconciliation and sustainable reintegration. The guidance provided is applicable to mission and non-mission settings and may be relevant for all actors engaged in combating the conflict-crime nexus at local, national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1364, "Sentence":"It addresses the linkages between armed conflict, armed groups and organized crime, and outlines the ways that illicit economies can temporarily support reconciliation and sustainable reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime address linkage armed conflict armed group organized crime outline way illicit economy temporarily support reconciliation sustainable reintegration ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module provides DDR practitioners with information on the linkages between organized crime and DDR and guidance on how to include these linkages in integrated planning and assessment in an age- and gender-sensitive way. The module also aims to help DDR practitioners identify the risks and opportunities associated with incorporating organized crime considerations into DDR processes. The module highlights the role of organized crime across all phases of the peace continuum, from conflict prevention and resolution to peacekeeping, peacebuilding and longer-term development. It addresses the linkages between armed conflict, armed groups and organized crime, and outlines the ways that illicit economies can temporarily support reconciliation and sustainable reintegration. The guidance provided is applicable to mission and non-mission settings and may be relevant for all actors engaged in combating the conflict-crime nexus at local, national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1364, "Sentence":"The guidance provided is applicable to mission and non-mission settings and may be relevant for all actors engaged in combating the conflict-crime nexus at local, national and regional levels.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime guidance provided applicable mission nonmission setting may relevant actor engaged combating conflictcrime nexus local national regional level ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.An organized criminal group shall mean a structured group of three or more persons, existing for a period of time and acting in concert with the aim of committing one or more serious crimes or offences established in accordance with the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC), in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit.1A serious crime shall mean conduct constituting an offence punishable by a maximum deprivation of liberty of at least four years or a more serious penalty.2A structured group shall mean a group that is not randomly formed for the immediate commission of an offence and that does not need to have formally defined roles for its members, continuity of its membership or a developed structure.3Illicit economies are generally defined as economic transactions that are deemed illegal either because (a) \u2018licit\u2019 commodities or services are traded unlawfully or (b) illicit commodities or services are traded through unlawful measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1365, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime annex contains list term definition abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.An organized criminal group shall mean a structured group of three or more persons, existing for a period of time and acting in concert with the aim of committing one or more serious crimes or offences established in accordance with the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC), in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit.1A serious crime shall mean conduct constituting an offence punishable by a maximum deprivation of liberty of at least four years or a more serious penalty.2A structured group shall mean a group that is not randomly formed for the immediate commission of an offence and that does not need to have formally defined roles for its members, continuity of its membership or a developed structure.3Illicit economies are generally defined as economic transactions that are deemed illegal either because (a) \u2018licit\u2019 commodities or services are traded unlawfully or (b) illicit commodities or services are traded through unlawful measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1365, "Sentence":"A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime com\u00ad plete glossary term definition abbreviation used series integrated ddr standard iddrs given iddrs 1.20 ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.An organized criminal group shall mean a structured group of three or more persons, existing for a period of time and acting in concert with the aim of committing one or more serious crimes or offences established in accordance with the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC), in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit.1A serious crime shall mean conduct constituting an offence punishable by a maximum deprivation of liberty of at least four years or a more serious penalty.2A structured group shall mean a group that is not randomly formed for the immediate commission of an offence and that does not need to have formally defined roles for its members, continuity of its membership or a developed structure.3Illicit economies are generally defined as economic transactions that are deemed illegal either because (a) \u2018licit\u2019 commodities or services are traded unlawfully or (b) illicit commodities or services are traded through unlawful measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1365, "Sentence":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.An organized criminal group shall mean a structured group of three or more persons, existing for a period of time and acting in concert with the aim of committing one or more serious crimes or offences established in accordance with the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC), in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit.1A serious crime shall mean conduct constituting an offence punishable by a maximum deprivation of liberty of at least four years or a more serious penalty.2A structured group shall mean a group that is not randomly formed for the immediate commission of an offence and that does not need to have formally defined roles for its members, continuity of its membership or a developed structure.3Illicit economies are generally defined as economic transactions that are deemed illegal either because (a) \u2018licit\u2019 commodities or services are traded unlawfully or (b) illicit commodities or services are traded through unlawful measures.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1365, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.An organized criminal group shall mean a structured group of three or more persons, existing for a period of time and acting in concert with the aim of committing one or more serious crimes or offences established in accordance with the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC), in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit.1A serious crime shall mean conduct constituting an offence punishable by a maximum deprivation of liberty of at least four years or a more serious penalty.2A structured group shall mean a group that is not randomly formed for the immediate commission of an offence and that does not need to have formally defined roles for its members, continuity of its membership or a developed structure.3Illicit economies are generally defined as economic transactions that are deemed illegal either because (a) \u2018licit\u2019 commodities or services are traded unlawfully or (b) illicit commodities or services are traded through unlawful measures.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime use consistent language used international organization standardization iso standard guideline n \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action n \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability n e \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation.an organized criminal group shall mean structured group three person existing period time acting concert aim committing one serious crime offence established accordance united nation convention transnational organized crime untoc order obtain directly indirectly financial material benefit.1a serious crime shall mean conduct constituting offence punishable maximum deprivation liberty least four year serious penalty.2a structured group shall mean group randomly formed immediate commission offence need formally defined role member continuity membership developed structure.3illicit economy generally defined economic transaction deemed illegal either \u2018 licit \u2019 commodity service traded unlawfully b illicit commodity service traded unlawful measure ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime organized crime impact stage conflict contributing onset perpetuating violence including financing armed group posing obstacle lasting peace ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"Crime and conflict interact cyclically.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime crime conflict interact cyclically ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime conflict creates space opportunity organized crime flourish weakening state \u2019 capacity enforce rule law social order ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime creates condition engaging organized crime including armed force armed group operate comparably little risk.4criminal activity directly contribute intensity duration war new armed group emerge engage illicit activity involving licit illicit commodity \ufb01ghting state.5 criminal activity help supply party armed conflict weapon ammunition revenue augmenting ability engage armed violence exploit abuse vulnerable promote proliferation weapon ammunition society therefore undermining prospect peace.6armed group part derive resource power legitimacy participation illicit economy allow impose scheme violent governance local provide service community based.7 additionally extortion scheme may imposed community whereby payment made armed group exchange protection and\/or provision service ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime absence state institution tactic often become accepted acknowledged form taxation armed group ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime mean engaged criminal activity time perceived legitimate political actor ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime perceived legitimacy turn translate popular support undermining state authority complicating conflict resolution.additionally un security council emphasized terrorist terrorist group benefit organized crime whether domestic transnational source financing logistical support ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime recognizing nature scope linkage terrorism organized crime whether domestic transnational vary context8 tie may include alliance opportunity engagement terrorist group criminal activity profit and\/or receipt tax allow illicit flow pas territory control terrorist group ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime overall combined presence terrorism violent extremism conducive terrorism organized crime whether domestic transnational may exacerbate conflict affected region may contribute undermining security stability governance social economic development states.importantly addition diminishing law order armed conflict also make difficult local population meet basic need ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime community may turn black market licit good service seek economic opportunity illicit economy order survive ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime since organized crime underpin livelihood local population conflict planning ddr process must consider role illicit activity play community large specific portion population including woman well linkage criminal group armed force groups.the response organized crime vary depending whether criminal activity play involve licit illicit commodity ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime legality commodity may also impact notion act \u2018 spoiler \u2019 peace process community perception ddr reintegration option sought.ddr practitioner also consider gender dimension contemplating organized crime armed conflict interact ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime organized crime armed conflict affect involve woman men boy girl differently irrespective whether combatant person associated armed force group victim organized crime combination thereof ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime example although notion masculinity may often associated engagement organized crime male adult youth boy may obviously take part conflict make largest number combatant female engage criminal activity conflict combat noncombat role face discrimination based gender excombatants community ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime moreover woman often survivor certain form organized crime particularly human trafficking stigmatized shamed due sexual exploitation experienced ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime may rejected family community upon return leaving opportunity social economic support ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime experience treatment male female armed conflict return society may vary based social cultural economic practice norm ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires gender agesensitive ddr response.children highly vulnerable trafficking worst form child labour ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime child victim may also stigmatized hidden identified dependant adult ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime therefore within ddr identification child victim abductees girl boy requires agesensitive approaches.depending circumstance organized crime may existed prior armed conflict possibly given rise may emerged conflict ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime organized crime may also remain long peace negotiated ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime given linkage organized crime armed conflict necessary recognize understand nexus integral part entire ddr process ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"Organized crime can impact all stages of conflict, contributing to its onset, perpetuating violence (including through the financing of armed groups) and posing obstacles to lasting peace. Crime and conflict interact cyclically. Conflict creates space and opportunities for organized crime to flourish by weakening States\u2019 capacities to enforce the rule of law and social order. This creates the conditions for those engaging in organized crime (including both armed forces and armed groups) to operate with comparably little risk.4Criminal activities can directly contribute to the intensity and duration of war, as new armed groups emerge that engage in illicit activities (involving both licit and illicit commodities) while \ufb01ghting each other and the State.5 Criminal activities help to supply parties to armed conflict with weapons, ammunition and revenues, augmenting their ability to engage in armed violence, exploit and abuse the most vulnerable, and promote the proliferation of weapons and ammunition in society, therefore undermining prospects for peace.6Armed groups in part derive resources, power and legitimacy from participation in illicit economies that allow them to impose a scheme of violent governance on locals or provide services to the communities where they are based.7 Additionally, extortion schemes may be imposed on communities, whereby payments are made to armed groups in exchange for protection and\/or the provision of other services. In the absence of State institutions, such tactics can often become accepted and acknowledged as a form of taxation by armed groups. This means that those engaged in criminal activities can, over time, be perceived as legitimate political actors. This perceived legitimacy can, in turn, translate into popular support, while undermining State authority and complicating conflict resolution.Additionally, the UN Security Council has emphasized that terrorists and terrorist groups can benefit from organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, as a source of financing or logistical support. Recognizing that the nature and scope of the linkages between terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, vary by context,8 these ties may include an alliance of opportunities such as the engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities for profit and\/or the receipt of taxes to allow illicit flows to pass through territory under the control of terrorist groups. Overall, the combined presence of terrorism, violent extremism conducive to terrorism and organized crime, whether domestic or transnational, may exacerbate conflicts in affected regions and may contribute to undermining the security, stability, governance, and social and economic development of States.Importantly, in addition to diminishing law and order, armed conflict also makes it more difficult for local populations to meet their basic needs. Communities may turn to the black market for licit goods and services and seek economic opportunities in the illicit economy in order to survive. Since organized crime can underpin livelihoods for local populations before, during and after conflict, the planning for DDR processes must consider the role illicit activities play in communities at large and for specific portions of the population, including women, as well as the linkages between criminal groups and armed forces and groups.The response to organized crime will vary depending on whether the criminal activities at play involve licit or illicit commodities. The legality of commodities may also impact notions of who or what acts as a \u2018spoiler\u2019 to the peace process, community perceptions of DDR and which reintegration options are sought.DDR practitioners should also consider gender dimensions when contemplating how organized crime and armed conflict interact. Organized crime and armed conflict affect and involve women, men, boys and girls differently, irrespective of whether they are combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, victims of organized crime or a combination thereof. For example, although notions of masculinity may be more often associated with engagement in organized crime and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination based on gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more often survivors of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced. They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support. The experiences and treatment of males and females both during armed conflict and during their return to society may vary based on social, cultural and economic practices and norms. The organized crime\u2013conflict nexus therefore requires a gender- and age-sensitive DDR response.Children are highly vulnerable to trafficking and to the worst forms of child labour. Child victims may also be stigmatized, hidden or identified as dependants of adults. Therefore, within DDR, the identification of child victims and abductees, both girls and boys, requires age-sensitive approaches.Depending on the circumstances, organized crime may have existed prior to armed conflict (and possibly have given rise to it) or may have emerged during conflict. Organized crime may also remain long after peace is negotiated. Given the linkages between organized crime and armed conflict, it is necessary to recognize and understand this nexus as an integral part of the entire DDR process. DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1366, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall understand this convergence and implement measures that mitigate against associated risks, such as the reengagement of DDR participants in organized crime or the inadvertent removal of illegal livelihoods without alternatives.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner shall understand convergence implement measure mitigate associated risk reengagement ddr participant organized crime inadvertent removal illegal livelihood without alternative ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to the linkages between DDR and organized crime.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1367, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to the linkages between DDR and organized crime.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1367, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to the linkages between DDR and organized crime.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime section outline principle apply linkage ddr organized crime ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 People centred", "Heading3":"4.1.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In contexts in which organized crime and armed conflict converge, members of armed forces and groups under consideration to participate in DDR may be (or may have been) engaged in criminal activities. Ultimately, States have the prerogative to legislate on crimes and determine applicable sanctions, including judicial and non-judicial measures. International humanitarian law encourages the granting of amnesties at the end of hostilities to persons who have participated in armed conflict as a measure of clemency favouring national reconciliation and a return to peace. DDR practitioners shall therefore seek advice from human rights officers or rule-of-law or other legal experts to assess the types of crimes committed in a particular context, whether amnesties have been issued in accordance with international humanitarian and human rights law, and for which types of crimes those amnesties have been issued, as their commission may make those involved ineligible for DDR. Engagement in organized criminal activities may sometimes rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide, and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation. For additional guidance on armed groups and individuals listed by the Security Council as terrorists, as well as perpetrators or suspected perpetrators of terrorist acts, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1368, "Sentence":"In contexts in which organized crime and armed conflict converge, members of armed forces and groups under consideration to participate in DDR may be (or may have been) engaged in criminal activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime context organized crime armed conflict converge member armed force group consideration participate ddr may may engaged criminal activity ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 People centred", "Heading3":"4.1.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In contexts in which organized crime and armed conflict converge, members of armed forces and groups under consideration to participate in DDR may be (or may have been) engaged in criminal activities. Ultimately, States have the prerogative to legislate on crimes and determine applicable sanctions, including judicial and non-judicial measures. International humanitarian law encourages the granting of amnesties at the end of hostilities to persons who have participated in armed conflict as a measure of clemency favouring national reconciliation and a return to peace. DDR practitioners shall therefore seek advice from human rights officers or rule-of-law or other legal experts to assess the types of crimes committed in a particular context, whether amnesties have been issued in accordance with international humanitarian and human rights law, and for which types of crimes those amnesties have been issued, as their commission may make those involved ineligible for DDR. Engagement in organized criminal activities may sometimes rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide, and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation. For additional guidance on armed groups and individuals listed by the Security Council as terrorists, as well as perpetrators or suspected perpetrators of terrorist acts, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1368, "Sentence":"Ultimately, States have the prerogative to legislate on crimes and determine applicable sanctions, including judicial and non-judicial measures.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ultimately state prerogative legislate crime determine applicable sanction including judicial nonjudicial measure ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 People centred", "Heading3":"4.1.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In contexts in which organized crime and armed conflict converge, members of armed forces and groups under consideration to participate in DDR may be (or may have been) engaged in criminal activities. Ultimately, States have the prerogative to legislate on crimes and determine applicable sanctions, including judicial and non-judicial measures. International humanitarian law encourages the granting of amnesties at the end of hostilities to persons who have participated in armed conflict as a measure of clemency favouring national reconciliation and a return to peace. DDR practitioners shall therefore seek advice from human rights officers or rule-of-law or other legal experts to assess the types of crimes committed in a particular context, whether amnesties have been issued in accordance with international humanitarian and human rights law, and for which types of crimes those amnesties have been issued, as their commission may make those involved ineligible for DDR. Engagement in organized criminal activities may sometimes rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide, and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation. For additional guidance on armed groups and individuals listed by the Security Council as terrorists, as well as perpetrators or suspected perpetrators of terrorist acts, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1368, "Sentence":"International humanitarian law encourages the granting of amnesties at the end of hostilities to persons who have participated in armed conflict as a measure of clemency favouring national reconciliation and a return to peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime international humanitarian law encourages granting amnesty end hostility person participated armed conflict measure clemency favouring national reconciliation return peace ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 People centred", "Heading3":"4.1.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In contexts in which organized crime and armed conflict converge, members of armed forces and groups under consideration to participate in DDR may be (or may have been) engaged in criminal activities. Ultimately, States have the prerogative to legislate on crimes and determine applicable sanctions, including judicial and non-judicial measures. International humanitarian law encourages the granting of amnesties at the end of hostilities to persons who have participated in armed conflict as a measure of clemency favouring national reconciliation and a return to peace. DDR practitioners shall therefore seek advice from human rights officers or rule-of-law or other legal experts to assess the types of crimes committed in a particular context, whether amnesties have been issued in accordance with international humanitarian and human rights law, and for which types of crimes those amnesties have been issued, as their commission may make those involved ineligible for DDR. Engagement in organized criminal activities may sometimes rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide, and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation. For additional guidance on armed groups and individuals listed by the Security Council as terrorists, as well as perpetrators or suspected perpetrators of terrorist acts, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1368, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall therefore seek advice from human rights officers or rule-of-law or other legal experts to assess the types of crimes committed in a particular context, whether amnesties have been issued in accordance with international humanitarian and human rights law, and for which types of crimes those amnesties have been issued, as their commission may make those involved ineligible for DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner shall therefore seek advice human right officer ruleoflaw legal expert ass type crime committed particular context whether amnesty issued accordance international humanitarian human right law type crime amnesty issued commission may make involved ineligible ddr ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 People centred", "Heading3":"4.1.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In contexts in which organized crime and armed conflict converge, members of armed forces and groups under consideration to participate in DDR may be (or may have been) engaged in criminal activities. Ultimately, States have the prerogative to legislate on crimes and determine applicable sanctions, including judicial and non-judicial measures. International humanitarian law encourages the granting of amnesties at the end of hostilities to persons who have participated in armed conflict as a measure of clemency favouring national reconciliation and a return to peace. DDR practitioners shall therefore seek advice from human rights officers or rule-of-law or other legal experts to assess the types of crimes committed in a particular context, whether amnesties have been issued in accordance with international humanitarian and human rights law, and for which types of crimes those amnesties have been issued, as their commission may make those involved ineligible for DDR. Engagement in organized criminal activities may sometimes rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide, and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation. For additional guidance on armed groups and individuals listed by the Security Council as terrorists, as well as perpetrators or suspected perpetrators of terrorist acts, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1368, "Sentence":"Engagement in organized criminal activities may sometimes rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide, and\/or gross violations of human rights.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime engagement organized criminal activity may sometimes rise level war crime crime humanity genocide and\/or gross violation human right ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 People centred", "Heading3":"4.1.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In contexts in which organized crime and armed conflict converge, members of armed forces and groups under consideration to participate in DDR may be (or may have been) engaged in criminal activities. Ultimately, States have the prerogative to legislate on crimes and determine applicable sanctions, including judicial and non-judicial measures. International humanitarian law encourages the granting of amnesties at the end of hostilities to persons who have participated in armed conflict as a measure of clemency favouring national reconciliation and a return to peace. DDR practitioners shall therefore seek advice from human rights officers or rule-of-law or other legal experts to assess the types of crimes committed in a particular context, whether amnesties have been issued in accordance with international humanitarian and human rights law, and for which types of crimes those amnesties have been issued, as their commission may make those involved ineligible for DDR. Engagement in organized criminal activities may sometimes rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide, and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation. For additional guidance on armed groups and individuals listed by the Security Council as terrorists, as well as perpetrators or suspected perpetrators of terrorist acts, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1368, "Sentence":"Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime therefore ddr participant found committed crime shall immediately removed participation ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 People centred", "Heading3":"4.1.1 Criteria for participation\/eligibility", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"In contexts in which organized crime and armed conflict converge, members of armed forces and groups under consideration to participate in DDR may be (or may have been) engaged in criminal activities. Ultimately, States have the prerogative to legislate on crimes and determine applicable sanctions, including judicial and non-judicial measures. International humanitarian law encourages the granting of amnesties at the end of hostilities to persons who have participated in armed conflict as a measure of clemency favouring national reconciliation and a return to peace. DDR practitioners shall therefore seek advice from human rights officers or rule-of-law or other legal experts to assess the types of crimes committed in a particular context, whether amnesties have been issued in accordance with international humanitarian and human rights law, and for which types of crimes those amnesties have been issued, as their commission may make those involved ineligible for DDR. Engagement in organized criminal activities may sometimes rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide, and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation. For additional guidance on armed groups and individuals listed by the Security Council as terrorists, as well as perpetrators or suspected perpetrators of terrorist acts, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1368, "Sentence":"For additional guidance on armed groups and individuals listed by the Security Council as terrorists, as well as perpetrators or suspected perpetrators of terrorist acts, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime additional guidance armed group individual listed security council terrorist well perpetrator suspected perpetrator terrorist act see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 People centred", "Heading3":"4.1.2 Unconditional release and protection of children ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The majority of girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups may be victims of human trafficking, and DDR practitioners shall treat all children who have been recruited by armed forces and groups, including children who have otherwise been exploited, as victims of crime and of human rights violations. When DDR processes are implemented, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection agencies. As victims of crime, children\u2019s cases shall be handled by child protection authorities. Children shall be provided with support for their recovery and reintegration into families and communities, and the specific needs arising from their exploitation shall be addressed. For further information, see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1369, "Sentence":"The majority of girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups may be victims of human trafficking, and DDR practitioners shall treat all children who have been recruited by armed forces and groups, including children who have otherwise been exploited, as victims of crime and of human rights violations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime majority girl boy associated armed force group may victim human trafficking ddr practitioner shall treat child recruited armed force group including child otherwise exploited victim crime human right violation ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 People centred", "Heading3":"4.1.2 Unconditional release and protection of children ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The majority of girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups may be victims of human trafficking, and DDR practitioners shall treat all children who have been recruited by armed forces and groups, including children who have otherwise been exploited, as victims of crime and of human rights violations. When DDR processes are implemented, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection agencies. As victims of crime, children\u2019s cases shall be handled by child protection authorities. Children shall be provided with support for their recovery and reintegration into families and communities, and the specific needs arising from their exploitation shall be addressed. For further information, see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1369, "Sentence":"When DDR processes are implemented, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection agencies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr process implemented child shall separated armed force group handed child protection agency ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 People centred", "Heading3":"4.1.2 Unconditional release and protection of children ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The majority of girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups may be victims of human trafficking, and DDR practitioners shall treat all children who have been recruited by armed forces and groups, including children who have otherwise been exploited, as victims of crime and of human rights violations. When DDR processes are implemented, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection agencies. As victims of crime, children\u2019s cases shall be handled by child protection authorities. Children shall be provided with support for their recovery and reintegration into families and communities, and the specific needs arising from their exploitation shall be addressed. For further information, see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1369, "Sentence":"As victims of crime, children\u2019s cases shall be handled by child protection authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime victim crime child \u2019 case shall handled child protection authority ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 People centred", "Heading3":"4.1.2 Unconditional release and protection of children ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The majority of girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups may be victims of human trafficking, and DDR practitioners shall treat all children who have been recruited by armed forces and groups, including children who have otherwise been exploited, as victims of crime and of human rights violations. When DDR processes are implemented, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection agencies. As victims of crime, children\u2019s cases shall be handled by child protection authorities. Children shall be provided with support for their recovery and reintegration into families and communities, and the specific needs arising from their exploitation shall be addressed. For further information, see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1369, "Sentence":"Children shall be provided with support for their recovery and reintegration into families and communities, and the specific needs arising from their exploitation shall be addressed.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime child shall provided support recovery reintegration family community specific need arising exploitation shall addressed ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 People centred", "Heading3":"4.1.2 Unconditional release and protection of children ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The majority of girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups may be victims of human trafficking, and DDR practitioners shall treat all children who have been recruited by armed forces and groups, including children who have otherwise been exploited, as victims of crime and of human rights violations. When DDR processes are implemented, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection agencies. As victims of crime, children\u2019s cases shall be handled by child protection authorities. Children shall be provided with support for their recovery and reintegration into families and communities, and the specific needs arising from their exploitation shall be addressed. For further information, see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1369, "Sentence":"For further information, see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information see iddrs 5.20 child ddr iddrs 5.30 youth ddr ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Gender responsive and inclusive ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall be aware that, in contexts of organized crime, not all DDR participants and beneficiaries have the same needs. For example, the majority of victims of human trafficking, sexual abuse and exploitation are women, girls and boys. Moreover, women may be forcibly recruited for labour by armed groups and used as smuggling agents for weapons and ammunition. Whether they become members of armed groups or are abductees, women have specific needs derived from their human trafficking exploitation including debt bondage; physical, psychological and sexual abuse; and restricted movement. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay particular attention to the specific needs of women and men, boys and girls derived from their condition of having been trafficked and implement DDR processes that offer appropriate, age- and gender- specific psychological, economic and social assistance. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1370, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall be aware that, in contexts of organized crime, not all DDR participants and beneficiaries have the same needs.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner shall aware context organized crime ddr participant beneficiary need ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Gender responsive and inclusive ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall be aware that, in contexts of organized crime, not all DDR participants and beneficiaries have the same needs. For example, the majority of victims of human trafficking, sexual abuse and exploitation are women, girls and boys. Moreover, women may be forcibly recruited for labour by armed groups and used as smuggling agents for weapons and ammunition. Whether they become members of armed groups or are abductees, women have specific needs derived from their human trafficking exploitation including debt bondage; physical, psychological and sexual abuse; and restricted movement. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay particular attention to the specific needs of women and men, boys and girls derived from their condition of having been trafficked and implement DDR processes that offer appropriate, age- and gender- specific psychological, economic and social assistance. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1370, "Sentence":"For example, the majority of victims of human trafficking, sexual abuse and exploitation are women, girls and boys.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime example majority victim human trafficking sexual abuse exploitation woman girl boy ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Gender responsive and inclusive ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall be aware that, in contexts of organized crime, not all DDR participants and beneficiaries have the same needs. For example, the majority of victims of human trafficking, sexual abuse and exploitation are women, girls and boys. Moreover, women may be forcibly recruited for labour by armed groups and used as smuggling agents for weapons and ammunition. Whether they become members of armed groups or are abductees, women have specific needs derived from their human trafficking exploitation including debt bondage; physical, psychological and sexual abuse; and restricted movement. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay particular attention to the specific needs of women and men, boys and girls derived from their condition of having been trafficked and implement DDR processes that offer appropriate, age- and gender- specific psychological, economic and social assistance. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1370, "Sentence":"Moreover, women may be forcibly recruited for labour by armed groups and used as smuggling agents for weapons and ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime moreover woman may forcibly recruited labour armed group used smuggling agent weapon ammunition ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Gender responsive and inclusive ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall be aware that, in contexts of organized crime, not all DDR participants and beneficiaries have the same needs. For example, the majority of victims of human trafficking, sexual abuse and exploitation are women, girls and boys. Moreover, women may be forcibly recruited for labour by armed groups and used as smuggling agents for weapons and ammunition. Whether they become members of armed groups or are abductees, women have specific needs derived from their human trafficking exploitation including debt bondage; physical, psychological and sexual abuse; and restricted movement. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay particular attention to the specific needs of women and men, boys and girls derived from their condition of having been trafficked and implement DDR processes that offer appropriate, age- and gender- specific psychological, economic and social assistance. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1370, "Sentence":"Whether they become members of armed groups or are abductees, women have specific needs derived from their human trafficking exploitation including debt bondage; physical, psychological and sexual abuse; and restricted movement.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime whether become member armed group abductees woman specific need derived human trafficking exploitation including debt bondage physical psychological sexual abuse restricted movement ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Gender responsive and inclusive ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall be aware that, in contexts of organized crime, not all DDR participants and beneficiaries have the same needs. For example, the majority of victims of human trafficking, sexual abuse and exploitation are women, girls and boys. Moreover, women may be forcibly recruited for labour by armed groups and used as smuggling agents for weapons and ammunition. Whether they become members of armed groups or are abductees, women have specific needs derived from their human trafficking exploitation including debt bondage; physical, psychological and sexual abuse; and restricted movement. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay particular attention to the specific needs of women and men, boys and girls derived from their condition of having been trafficked and implement DDR processes that offer appropriate, age- and gender- specific psychological, economic and social assistance. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1370, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall therefore pay particular attention to the specific needs of women and men, boys and girls derived from their condition of having been trafficked and implement DDR processes that offer appropriate, age- and gender- specific psychological, economic and social assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner shall therefore pay particular attention specific need woman men boy girl derived condition trafficked implement ddr process offer appropriate age gender specific psychological economic social assistance ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Gender responsive and inclusive ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall be aware that, in contexts of organized crime, not all DDR participants and beneficiaries have the same needs. For example, the majority of victims of human trafficking, sexual abuse and exploitation are women, girls and boys. Moreover, women may be forcibly recruited for labour by armed groups and used as smuggling agents for weapons and ammunition. Whether they become members of armed groups or are abductees, women have specific needs derived from their human trafficking exploitation including debt bondage; physical, psychological and sexual abuse; and restricted movement. DDR practitioners shall therefore pay particular attention to the specific needs of women and men, boys and girls derived from their condition of having been trafficked and implement DDR processes that offer appropriate, age- and gender- specific psychological, economic and social assistance. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1370, "Sentence":"For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr iddrs 5.20 child ddr iddrs 5.30 youth ddr ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall be aware of the way that crime can influence politics in the country in which they operate and avoid inadvertently feeding harmful dynamics. For example, DDR participants may seek to negotiate for political positions in exchange for violence reduction, without necessarily stepping away from their links to organized criminal groups.9 In these scenarios, DDR practitioners shall consider wider strategies to strengthen institutions, fight corruption and foster good governance. DDR practitioners shall be aware that without safeguards, DDR processes may inadvertently legitimize illicit flows of both licit and illicit commodities, and corruption in political and State institutions. The establishment of prevention, protection and monitoring mechanisms (including systems for ensuring access to justice and police protection) is essential to prevent and punish sexual and gender-based violence, harassment and intimidation, and any other violation of human rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1371, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall be aware of the way that crime can influence politics in the country in which they operate and avoid inadvertently feeding harmful dynamics.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner shall aware way crime influence politics country operate avoid inadvertently feeding harmful dynamic ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall be aware of the way that crime can influence politics in the country in which they operate and avoid inadvertently feeding harmful dynamics. For example, DDR participants may seek to negotiate for political positions in exchange for violence reduction, without necessarily stepping away from their links to organized criminal groups.9 In these scenarios, DDR practitioners shall consider wider strategies to strengthen institutions, fight corruption and foster good governance. DDR practitioners shall be aware that without safeguards, DDR processes may inadvertently legitimize illicit flows of both licit and illicit commodities, and corruption in political and State institutions. The establishment of prevention, protection and monitoring mechanisms (including systems for ensuring access to justice and police protection) is essential to prevent and punish sexual and gender-based violence, harassment and intimidation, and any other violation of human rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1371, "Sentence":"For example, DDR participants may seek to negotiate for political positions in exchange for violence reduction, without necessarily stepping away from their links to organized criminal groups.9 In these scenarios, DDR practitioners shall consider wider strategies to strengthen institutions, fight corruption and foster good governance.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime example ddr participant may seek negotiate political position exchange violence reduction without necessarily stepping away link organized criminal groups.9 scenario ddr practitioner shall consider wider strategy strengthen institution fight corruption foster good governance ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall be aware of the way that crime can influence politics in the country in which they operate and avoid inadvertently feeding harmful dynamics. For example, DDR participants may seek to negotiate for political positions in exchange for violence reduction, without necessarily stepping away from their links to organized criminal groups.9 In these scenarios, DDR practitioners shall consider wider strategies to strengthen institutions, fight corruption and foster good governance. DDR practitioners shall be aware that without safeguards, DDR processes may inadvertently legitimize illicit flows of both licit and illicit commodities, and corruption in political and State institutions. The establishment of prevention, protection and monitoring mechanisms (including systems for ensuring access to justice and police protection) is essential to prevent and punish sexual and gender-based violence, harassment and intimidation, and any other violation of human rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1371, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall be aware that without safeguards, DDR processes may inadvertently legitimize illicit flows of both licit and illicit commodities, and corruption in political and State institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner shall aware without safeguard ddr process may inadvertently legitimize illicit flow licit illicit commodity corruption political state institution ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"DDR practitioners shall be aware of the way that crime can influence politics in the country in which they operate and avoid inadvertently feeding harmful dynamics. For example, DDR participants may seek to negotiate for political positions in exchange for violence reduction, without necessarily stepping away from their links to organized criminal groups.9 In these scenarios, DDR practitioners shall consider wider strategies to strengthen institutions, fight corruption and foster good governance. DDR practitioners shall be aware that without safeguards, DDR processes may inadvertently legitimize illicit flows of both licit and illicit commodities, and corruption in political and State institutions. The establishment of prevention, protection and monitoring mechanisms (including systems for ensuring access to justice and police protection) is essential to prevent and punish sexual and gender-based violence, harassment and intimidation, and any other violation of human rights.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1371, "Sentence":"The establishment of prevention, protection and monitoring mechanisms (including systems for ensuring access to justice and police protection) is essential to prevent and punish sexual and gender-based violence, harassment and intimidation, and any other violation of human rights.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime establishment prevention protection monitoring mechanism including system ensuring access justice police protection essential prevent punish sexual genderbased violence harassment intimidation violation human right ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall be context specific in order to address local, national, regional and global circumstances. Organized crime takes on very different shapes and forms from one place to another and can evolve over time to adapt to changing realities. The evolution of organized crime may outpace DDR processes that require time to adapt. DDR processes that address organized crime through risk prevention and mitigation measures in one particular context cannot necessarily be replicated in another. Thus, in the planning of DDR processes, practitioners shall incorporate organized crime considerations into integrated assessments, by including an examination of organized crime as well as the local political economy, potential risks, mitigating factors and opportunities for local collaboration. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1372, "Sentence":"DDR processes shall be context specific in order to address local, national, regional and global circumstances.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr process shall context specific order address local national regional global circumstance ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall be context specific in order to address local, national, regional and global circumstances. Organized crime takes on very different shapes and forms from one place to another and can evolve over time to adapt to changing realities. The evolution of organized crime may outpace DDR processes that require time to adapt. DDR processes that address organized crime through risk prevention and mitigation measures in one particular context cannot necessarily be replicated in another. Thus, in the planning of DDR processes, practitioners shall incorporate organized crime considerations into integrated assessments, by including an examination of organized crime as well as the local political economy, potential risks, mitigating factors and opportunities for local collaboration. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1372, "Sentence":"Organized crime takes on very different shapes and forms from one place to another and can evolve over time to adapt to changing realities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime organized crime take different shape form one place another evolve time adapt changing reality ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall be context specific in order to address local, national, regional and global circumstances. Organized crime takes on very different shapes and forms from one place to another and can evolve over time to adapt to changing realities. The evolution of organized crime may outpace DDR processes that require time to adapt. DDR processes that address organized crime through risk prevention and mitigation measures in one particular context cannot necessarily be replicated in another. Thus, in the planning of DDR processes, practitioners shall incorporate organized crime considerations into integrated assessments, by including an examination of organized crime as well as the local political economy, potential risks, mitigating factors and opportunities for local collaboration. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1372, "Sentence":"The evolution of organized crime may outpace DDR processes that require time to adapt.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime evolution organized crime may outpace ddr process require time adapt ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall be context specific in order to address local, national, regional and global circumstances. Organized crime takes on very different shapes and forms from one place to another and can evolve over time to adapt to changing realities. The evolution of organized crime may outpace DDR processes that require time to adapt. DDR processes that address organized crime through risk prevention and mitigation measures in one particular context cannot necessarily be replicated in another. Thus, in the planning of DDR processes, practitioners shall incorporate organized crime considerations into integrated assessments, by including an examination of organized crime as well as the local political economy, potential risks, mitigating factors and opportunities for local collaboration. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1372, "Sentence":"DDR processes that address organized crime through risk prevention and mitigation measures in one particular context cannot necessarily be replicated in another.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr process address organized crime risk prevention mitigation measure one particular context necessarily replicated another ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall be context specific in order to address local, national, regional and global circumstances. Organized crime takes on very different shapes and forms from one place to another and can evolve over time to adapt to changing realities. The evolution of organized crime may outpace DDR processes that require time to adapt. DDR processes that address organized crime through risk prevention and mitigation measures in one particular context cannot necessarily be replicated in another. Thus, in the planning of DDR processes, practitioners shall incorporate organized crime considerations into integrated assessments, by including an examination of organized crime as well as the local political economy, potential risks, mitigating factors and opportunities for local collaboration. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1372, "Sentence":"Thus, in the planning of DDR processes, practitioners shall incorporate organized crime considerations into integrated assessments, by including an examination of organized crime as well as the local political economy, potential risks, mitigating factors and opportunities for local collaboration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime thus planning ddr process practitioner shall incorporate organized crime consideration integrated assessment including examination organized crime well local political economy potential risk mitigating factor opportunity local collaboration ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall be context specific in order to address local, national, regional and global circumstances. Organized crime takes on very different shapes and forms from one place to another and can evolve over time to adapt to changing realities. The evolution of organized crime may outpace DDR processes that require time to adapt. DDR processes that address organized crime through risk prevention and mitigation measures in one particular context cannot necessarily be replicated in another. Thus, in the planning of DDR processes, practitioners shall incorporate organized crime considerations into integrated assessments, by including an examination of organized crime as well as the local political economy, potential risks, mitigating factors and opportunities for local collaboration. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1372, "Sentence":"For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information see iddrs 3.11 integrated assessment ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"4.5.1 Accountable and transparent", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are undertaken in the context of national and local frameworks that must comply with relevant rights and obligations under international law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019. In the absence of most serious crimes under international law, such as crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities. However, issues arise when the State itself engages in criminal activities or is a party to the conflict (and therefore cannot perform a neutral role in prosecuting members of adversarial groups). For armed groups, DDR processes and other peacebuilding\/peacekeeping measures may be perceived as implementing victors\u2019 justice by focusing on engagement in illicit activities that fuel conflict, rather than seeking to understand why the group was fighting in the first place. DDR practitioners shall be aware of these potential risks to the success of DDR processes and ensure that efforts are as transparent as possible. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1373, "Sentence":"DDR processes are undertaken in the context of national and local frameworks that must comply with relevant rights and obligations under international law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr process undertaken context national local framework must comply relevant right obligation international law see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"4.5.1 Accountable and transparent", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are undertaken in the context of national and local frameworks that must comply with relevant rights and obligations under international law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019. In the absence of most serious crimes under international law, such as crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities. However, issues arise when the State itself engages in criminal activities or is a party to the conflict (and therefore cannot perform a neutral role in prosecuting members of adversarial groups). For armed groups, DDR processes and other peacebuilding\/peacekeeping measures may be perceived as implementing victors\u2019 justice by focusing on engagement in illicit activities that fuel conflict, rather than seeking to understand why the group was fighting in the first place. DDR practitioners shall be aware of these potential risks to the success of DDR processes and ensure that efforts are as transparent as possible. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1373, "Sentence":"Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime conflict setting state prosecutorial discretion identifies crime \u2018 serious \u2019 ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"4.5.1 Accountable and transparent", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are undertaken in the context of national and local frameworks that must comply with relevant rights and obligations under international law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019. In the absence of most serious crimes under international law, such as crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities. However, issues arise when the State itself engages in criminal activities or is a party to the conflict (and therefore cannot perform a neutral role in prosecuting members of adversarial groups). For armed groups, DDR processes and other peacebuilding\/peacekeeping measures may be perceived as implementing victors\u2019 justice by focusing on engagement in illicit activities that fuel conflict, rather than seeking to understand why the group was fighting in the first place. DDR practitioners shall be aware of these potential risks to the success of DDR processes and ensure that efforts are as transparent as possible. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1373, "Sentence":"In the absence of most serious crimes under international law, such as crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime absence serious crime international law crime humanity war crime gross violation human right fall state implement criminal justice measure tackle individual \u2019 engagement organized criminal activity ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"4.5.1 Accountable and transparent", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are undertaken in the context of national and local frameworks that must comply with relevant rights and obligations under international law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019. In the absence of most serious crimes under international law, such as crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities. However, issues arise when the State itself engages in criminal activities or is a party to the conflict (and therefore cannot perform a neutral role in prosecuting members of adversarial groups). For armed groups, DDR processes and other peacebuilding\/peacekeeping measures may be perceived as implementing victors\u2019 justice by focusing on engagement in illicit activities that fuel conflict, rather than seeking to understand why the group was fighting in the first place. DDR practitioners shall be aware of these potential risks to the success of DDR processes and ensure that efforts are as transparent as possible. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1373, "Sentence":"However, issues arise when the State itself engages in criminal activities or is a party to the conflict (and therefore cannot perform a neutral role in prosecuting members of adversarial groups).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime however issue arise state engages criminal activity party conflict therefore perform neutral role prosecuting member adversarial group ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"4.5.1 Accountable and transparent", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are undertaken in the context of national and local frameworks that must comply with relevant rights and obligations under international law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019. In the absence of most serious crimes under international law, such as crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities. However, issues arise when the State itself engages in criminal activities or is a party to the conflict (and therefore cannot perform a neutral role in prosecuting members of adversarial groups). For armed groups, DDR processes and other peacebuilding\/peacekeeping measures may be perceived as implementing victors\u2019 justice by focusing on engagement in illicit activities that fuel conflict, rather than seeking to understand why the group was fighting in the first place. DDR practitioners shall be aware of these potential risks to the success of DDR processes and ensure that efforts are as transparent as possible. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1373, "Sentence":"For armed groups, DDR processes and other peacebuilding\/peacekeeping measures may be perceived as implementing victors\u2019 justice by focusing on engagement in illicit activities that fuel conflict, rather than seeking to understand why the group was fighting in the first place.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime armed group ddr process peacebuilding\/peacekeeping measure may perceived implementing victor \u2019 justice focusing engagement illicit activity fuel conflict rather seeking understand group fighting first place ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"4.5.1 Accountable and transparent", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are undertaken in the context of national and local frameworks that must comply with relevant rights and obligations under international law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019. In the absence of most serious crimes under international law, such as crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities. However, issues arise when the State itself engages in criminal activities or is a party to the conflict (and therefore cannot perform a neutral role in prosecuting members of adversarial groups). For armed groups, DDR processes and other peacebuilding\/peacekeeping measures may be perceived as implementing victors\u2019 justice by focusing on engagement in illicit activities that fuel conflict, rather than seeking to understand why the group was fighting in the first place. DDR practitioners shall be aware of these potential risks to the success of DDR processes and ensure that efforts are as transparent as possible. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1373, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall be aware of these potential risks to the success of DDR processes and ensure that efforts are as transparent as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner shall aware potential risk success ddr process ensure effort transparent possible ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"4.5.1 Accountable and transparent", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are undertaken in the context of national and local frameworks that must comply with relevant rights and obligations under international law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019. In the absence of most serious crimes under international law, such as crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities. However, issues arise when the State itself engages in criminal activities or is a party to the conflict (and therefore cannot perform a neutral role in prosecuting members of adversarial groups). For armed groups, DDR processes and other peacebuilding\/peacekeeping measures may be perceived as implementing victors\u2019 justice by focusing on engagement in illicit activities that fuel conflict, rather than seeking to understand why the group was fighting in the first place. DDR practitioners shall be aware of these potential risks to the success of DDR processes and ensure that efforts are as transparent as possible. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1373, "Sentence":"For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information see iddrs 6.20 ddr transitional justice ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall have built-in mechanisms to allow for national stakeholders, including civil society groups and the private sector, to not only be engaged in the implementation of DDR processes but to be involved in planning. Ultimately, internationally supported DDR processes are finite and constricted by mandates and resources. Therefore, both external and national DDR practitioners shall, to the extent possible, work with (other) national stakeholders to build political will and capacities on organized crime issues. DDR practitioners shall establish relevant and appropriate partnerships to make available technical assistance on organized crime issues through expert consultations, staff training, and resource guides and toolkits.Armed forces may themselves be discharged as part of DDR processes and, at the same time, may have been actively involved in facilitating or gatekeeping illicit activities. To address the challenges posed by the entrenched interests of conflict entrepreneurs, improved law enforcement, border controls, police training and criminal justice reform is required. Where appropriate, DDR practitioners shall seek to partner with entities engaged in this type of broader security sector reform (SSR). For further information, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1374, "Sentence":"DDR processes shall have built-in mechanisms to allow for national stakeholders, including civil society groups and the private sector, to not only be engaged in the implementation of DDR processes but to be involved in planning.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr process shall builtin mechanism allow national stakeholder including civil society group private sector engaged implementation ddr process involved planning ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall have built-in mechanisms to allow for national stakeholders, including civil society groups and the private sector, to not only be engaged in the implementation of DDR processes but to be involved in planning. Ultimately, internationally supported DDR processes are finite and constricted by mandates and resources. Therefore, both external and national DDR practitioners shall, to the extent possible, work with (other) national stakeholders to build political will and capacities on organized crime issues. DDR practitioners shall establish relevant and appropriate partnerships to make available technical assistance on organized crime issues through expert consultations, staff training, and resource guides and toolkits.Armed forces may themselves be discharged as part of DDR processes and, at the same time, may have been actively involved in facilitating or gatekeeping illicit activities. To address the challenges posed by the entrenched interests of conflict entrepreneurs, improved law enforcement, border controls, police training and criminal justice reform is required. Where appropriate, DDR practitioners shall seek to partner with entities engaged in this type of broader security sector reform (SSR). For further information, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1374, "Sentence":"Ultimately, internationally supported DDR processes are finite and constricted by mandates and resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ultimately internationally supported ddr process finite constricted mandate resource ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall have built-in mechanisms to allow for national stakeholders, including civil society groups and the private sector, to not only be engaged in the implementation of DDR processes but to be involved in planning. Ultimately, internationally supported DDR processes are finite and constricted by mandates and resources. Therefore, both external and national DDR practitioners shall, to the extent possible, work with (other) national stakeholders to build political will and capacities on organized crime issues. DDR practitioners shall establish relevant and appropriate partnerships to make available technical assistance on organized crime issues through expert consultations, staff training, and resource guides and toolkits.Armed forces may themselves be discharged as part of DDR processes and, at the same time, may have been actively involved in facilitating or gatekeeping illicit activities. To address the challenges posed by the entrenched interests of conflict entrepreneurs, improved law enforcement, border controls, police training and criminal justice reform is required. Where appropriate, DDR practitioners shall seek to partner with entities engaged in this type of broader security sector reform (SSR). For further information, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1374, "Sentence":"Therefore, both external and national DDR practitioners shall, to the extent possible, work with (other) national stakeholders to build political will and capacities on organized crime issues.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime therefore external national ddr practitioner shall extent possible work national stakeholder build political capacity organized crime issue ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall have built-in mechanisms to allow for national stakeholders, including civil society groups and the private sector, to not only be engaged in the implementation of DDR processes but to be involved in planning. Ultimately, internationally supported DDR processes are finite and constricted by mandates and resources. Therefore, both external and national DDR practitioners shall, to the extent possible, work with (other) national stakeholders to build political will and capacities on organized crime issues. DDR practitioners shall establish relevant and appropriate partnerships to make available technical assistance on organized crime issues through expert consultations, staff training, and resource guides and toolkits.Armed forces may themselves be discharged as part of DDR processes and, at the same time, may have been actively involved in facilitating or gatekeeping illicit activities. To address the challenges posed by the entrenched interests of conflict entrepreneurs, improved law enforcement, border controls, police training and criminal justice reform is required. Where appropriate, DDR practitioners shall seek to partner with entities engaged in this type of broader security sector reform (SSR). For further information, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1374, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall establish relevant and appropriate partnerships to make available technical assistance on organized crime issues through expert consultations, staff training, and resource guides and toolkits.Armed forces may themselves be discharged as part of DDR processes and, at the same time, may have been actively involved in facilitating or gatekeeping illicit activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner shall establish relevant appropriate partnership make available technical assistance organized crime issue expert consultation staff training resource guide toolkits.armed force may discharged part ddr process time may actively involved facilitating gatekeeping illicit activity ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall have built-in mechanisms to allow for national stakeholders, including civil society groups and the private sector, to not only be engaged in the implementation of DDR processes but to be involved in planning. Ultimately, internationally supported DDR processes are finite and constricted by mandates and resources. Therefore, both external and national DDR practitioners shall, to the extent possible, work with (other) national stakeholders to build political will and capacities on organized crime issues. DDR practitioners shall establish relevant and appropriate partnerships to make available technical assistance on organized crime issues through expert consultations, staff training, and resource guides and toolkits.Armed forces may themselves be discharged as part of DDR processes and, at the same time, may have been actively involved in facilitating or gatekeeping illicit activities. To address the challenges posed by the entrenched interests of conflict entrepreneurs, improved law enforcement, border controls, police training and criminal justice reform is required. Where appropriate, DDR practitioners shall seek to partner with entities engaged in this type of broader security sector reform (SSR). For further information, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1374, "Sentence":"To address the challenges posed by the entrenched interests of conflict entrepreneurs, improved law enforcement, border controls, police training and criminal justice reform is required.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime address challenge posed entrenched interest conflict entrepreneur improved law enforcement border control police training criminal justice reform required ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall have built-in mechanisms to allow for national stakeholders, including civil society groups and the private sector, to not only be engaged in the implementation of DDR processes but to be involved in planning. Ultimately, internationally supported DDR processes are finite and constricted by mandates and resources. Therefore, both external and national DDR practitioners shall, to the extent possible, work with (other) national stakeholders to build political will and capacities on organized crime issues. DDR practitioners shall establish relevant and appropriate partnerships to make available technical assistance on organized crime issues through expert consultations, staff training, and resource guides and toolkits.Armed forces may themselves be discharged as part of DDR processes and, at the same time, may have been actively involved in facilitating or gatekeeping illicit activities. To address the challenges posed by the entrenched interests of conflict entrepreneurs, improved law enforcement, border controls, police training and criminal justice reform is required. Where appropriate, DDR practitioners shall seek to partner with entities engaged in this type of broader security sector reform (SSR). For further information, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1374, "Sentence":"Where appropriate, DDR practitioners shall seek to partner with entities engaged in this type of broader security sector reform (SSR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime appropriate ddr practitioner shall seek partner entity engaged type broader security sector reform ssr ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall have built-in mechanisms to allow for national stakeholders, including civil society groups and the private sector, to not only be engaged in the implementation of DDR processes but to be involved in planning. Ultimately, internationally supported DDR processes are finite and constricted by mandates and resources. Therefore, both external and national DDR practitioners shall, to the extent possible, work with (other) national stakeholders to build political will and capacities on organized crime issues. DDR practitioners shall establish relevant and appropriate partnerships to make available technical assistance on organized crime issues through expert consultations, staff training, and resource guides and toolkits.Armed forces may themselves be discharged as part of DDR processes and, at the same time, may have been actively involved in facilitating or gatekeeping illicit activities. To address the challenges posed by the entrenched interests of conflict entrepreneurs, improved law enforcement, border controls, police training and criminal justice reform is required. Where appropriate, DDR practitioners shall seek to partner with entities engaged in this type of broader security sector reform (SSR). For further information, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1374, "Sentence":"For further information, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information see iddrs 6.10 ddr security sector reform ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The regional causes of conflict and the political, social and economic interrelationships among neighbouring States sharing insecure borders will present challenges in the implementation of DDR. Organized crime that is transnational in nature can exacerbate these challenges. DDR practitioners shall carefully coordinate with regional organizations and other relevant stakeholders when managing issues related to repatriation and the cross-border movement of weapons, armed groups and trafficked persons. The return of foreign former combatants and children formerly associated with armed forces and groups may pose particular challenges and will require separate strategies (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements and IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1375, "Sentence":"The regional causes of conflict and the political, social and economic interrelationships among neighbouring States sharing insecure borders will present challenges in the implementation of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime regional cause conflict political social economic interrelationship among neighbouring state sharing insecure border present challenge implementation ddr ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The regional causes of conflict and the political, social and economic interrelationships among neighbouring States sharing insecure borders will present challenges in the implementation of DDR. Organized crime that is transnational in nature can exacerbate these challenges. DDR practitioners shall carefully coordinate with regional organizations and other relevant stakeholders when managing issues related to repatriation and the cross-border movement of weapons, armed groups and trafficked persons. The return of foreign former combatants and children formerly associated with armed forces and groups may pose particular challenges and will require separate strategies (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements and IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1375, "Sentence":"Organized crime that is transnational in nature can exacerbate these challenges.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime organized crime transnational nature exacerbate challenge ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The regional causes of conflict and the political, social and economic interrelationships among neighbouring States sharing insecure borders will present challenges in the implementation of DDR. Organized crime that is transnational in nature can exacerbate these challenges. DDR practitioners shall carefully coordinate with regional organizations and other relevant stakeholders when managing issues related to repatriation and the cross-border movement of weapons, armed groups and trafficked persons. The return of foreign former combatants and children formerly associated with armed forces and groups may pose particular challenges and will require separate strategies (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements and IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1375, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall carefully coordinate with regional organizations and other relevant stakeholders when managing issues related to repatriation and the cross-border movement of weapons, armed groups and trafficked persons.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner shall carefully coordinate regional organization relevant stakeholder managing issue related repatriation crossborder movement weapon armed group trafficked person ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The regional causes of conflict and the political, social and economic interrelationships among neighbouring States sharing insecure borders will present challenges in the implementation of DDR. Organized crime that is transnational in nature can exacerbate these challenges. DDR practitioners shall carefully coordinate with regional organizations and other relevant stakeholders when managing issues related to repatriation and the cross-border movement of weapons, armed groups and trafficked persons. The return of foreign former combatants and children formerly associated with armed forces and groups may pose particular challenges and will require separate strategies (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements and IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1375, "Sentence":"The return of foreign former combatants and children formerly associated with armed forces and groups may pose particular challenges and will require separate strategies (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements and IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime return foreign former combatant child formerly associated armed force group may pose particular challenge require separate strategy see iddrs 5.40 crossborder population movement iddrs 5.20 child ddr ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Identifying the role of organized crime in armed conflict is integral to effectively addressing the factors that may give rise to conflict, sustain it or pose obstacles to sustainable peace. Broader analysis of organized crime in local contexts and the role it plays in local economies and in social and political frameworks can help DDR practitioners develop processes that minimize risks, including the risk of a relapse in violence, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in illicit activities, the risk that DDR processes will remove livelihoods, and the risk of impunity. By integrating organized crime considerations throughout DDR processes and in overall peacebuilding efforts, practitioners can provide ex-combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and local communities with holistic recovery assistance that promotes long-term peace and stability.The following sections seek to clarify the relationship between DDR processes, organized crime and armed conflict by looking at the role that criminal activities play in armed conflict, how and why armed forces and groups engage in organized crime, and the implications for DDR planning and implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1376, "Sentence":"Identifying the role of organized crime in armed conflict is integral to effectively addressing the factors that may give rise to conflict, sustain it or pose obstacles to sustainable peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime identifying role organized crime armed conflict integral effectively addressing factor may give rise conflict sustain pose obstacle sustainable peace ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Identifying the role of organized crime in armed conflict is integral to effectively addressing the factors that may give rise to conflict, sustain it or pose obstacles to sustainable peace. Broader analysis of organized crime in local contexts and the role it plays in local economies and in social and political frameworks can help DDR practitioners develop processes that minimize risks, including the risk of a relapse in violence, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in illicit activities, the risk that DDR processes will remove livelihoods, and the risk of impunity. By integrating organized crime considerations throughout DDR processes and in overall peacebuilding efforts, practitioners can provide ex-combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and local communities with holistic recovery assistance that promotes long-term peace and stability.The following sections seek to clarify the relationship between DDR processes, organized crime and armed conflict by looking at the role that criminal activities play in armed conflict, how and why armed forces and groups engage in organized crime, and the implications for DDR planning and implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1376, "Sentence":"Broader analysis of organized crime in local contexts and the role it plays in local economies and in social and political frameworks can help DDR practitioners develop processes that minimize risks, including the risk of a relapse in violence, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in illicit activities, the risk that DDR processes will remove livelihoods, and the risk of impunity.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime broader analysis organized crime local context role play local economy social political framework help ddr practitioner develop process minimize risk including risk relapse violence risk former member armed force group reengage illicit activity risk ddr process remove livelihood risk impunity ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Identifying the role of organized crime in armed conflict is integral to effectively addressing the factors that may give rise to conflict, sustain it or pose obstacles to sustainable peace. Broader analysis of organized crime in local contexts and the role it plays in local economies and in social and political frameworks can help DDR practitioners develop processes that minimize risks, including the risk of a relapse in violence, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in illicit activities, the risk that DDR processes will remove livelihoods, and the risk of impunity. By integrating organized crime considerations throughout DDR processes and in overall peacebuilding efforts, practitioners can provide ex-combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and local communities with holistic recovery assistance that promotes long-term peace and stability.The following sections seek to clarify the relationship between DDR processes, organized crime and armed conflict by looking at the role that criminal activities play in armed conflict, how and why armed forces and groups engage in organized crime, and the implications for DDR planning and implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1376, "Sentence":"By integrating organized crime considerations throughout DDR processes and in overall peacebuilding efforts, practitioners can provide ex-combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and local communities with holistic recovery assistance that promotes long-term peace and stability.The following sections seek to clarify the relationship between DDR processes, organized crime and armed conflict by looking at the role that criminal activities play in armed conflict, how and why armed forces and groups engage in organized crime, and the implications for DDR planning and implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime integrating organized crime consideration throughout ddr process overall peacebuilding effort practitioner provide excombatants person associated armed force group local community holistic recovery assistance promotes longterm peace stability.the following section seek clarify relationship ddr process organized crime armed conflict looking role criminal activity play armed conflict armed force group engage organized crime implication ddr planning implementation ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Although multi-dimensional and complex, the impact of criminal activities on armed conflict can generally be described as the following:", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1377, "Sentence":"Although multi-dimensional and complex, the impact of criminal activities on armed conflict can generally be described as the following:", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime although multidimensional complex impact criminal activity armed conflict generally described following" }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Contributing to the outbreak of conflict", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Organized crime often emerges when resources, governance, and social and economic opportunities are distributed inequitably. Individuals who feel politically and economically marginalized may turn to the illicit or informal economy, and the social gains derived from illicit activities may become increasingly attractive. Likewise, those who are marginalized may become increasingly resentful of formal economies and social and political channels from which they are excluded. This may make engagement in criminal activities and\/or armed conflict appear legitimate. At the same time, illicit funds from criminal activities detract from the formal economy and divert potential tax revenues from States that could have used these funds to invest in education, health care and development. This diversion of funds further exacerbates discontent among the population while diminishing governance. The illicit trade in arms and ammunition may also result in the increased circulation of illicit materiel in communities at the same time as discontent is rising.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1378, "Sentence":"Organized crime often emerges when resources, governance, and social and economic opportunities are distributed inequitably.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime organized crime often emerges resource governance social economic opportunity distributed inequitably ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Contributing to the outbreak of conflict", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Organized crime often emerges when resources, governance, and social and economic opportunities are distributed inequitably. Individuals who feel politically and economically marginalized may turn to the illicit or informal economy, and the social gains derived from illicit activities may become increasingly attractive. Likewise, those who are marginalized may become increasingly resentful of formal economies and social and political channels from which they are excluded. This may make engagement in criminal activities and\/or armed conflict appear legitimate. At the same time, illicit funds from criminal activities detract from the formal economy and divert potential tax revenues from States that could have used these funds to invest in education, health care and development. This diversion of funds further exacerbates discontent among the population while diminishing governance. The illicit trade in arms and ammunition may also result in the increased circulation of illicit materiel in communities at the same time as discontent is rising.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1378, "Sentence":"Individuals who feel politically and economically marginalized may turn to the illicit or informal economy, and the social gains derived from illicit activities may become increasingly attractive.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime individual feel politically economically marginalized may turn illicit informal economy social gain derived illicit activity may become increasingly attractive ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Contributing to the outbreak of conflict", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Organized crime often emerges when resources, governance, and social and economic opportunities are distributed inequitably. Individuals who feel politically and economically marginalized may turn to the illicit or informal economy, and the social gains derived from illicit activities may become increasingly attractive. Likewise, those who are marginalized may become increasingly resentful of formal economies and social and political channels from which they are excluded. This may make engagement in criminal activities and\/or armed conflict appear legitimate. At the same time, illicit funds from criminal activities detract from the formal economy and divert potential tax revenues from States that could have used these funds to invest in education, health care and development. This diversion of funds further exacerbates discontent among the population while diminishing governance. The illicit trade in arms and ammunition may also result in the increased circulation of illicit materiel in communities at the same time as discontent is rising.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1378, "Sentence":"Likewise, those who are marginalized may become increasingly resentful of formal economies and social and political channels from which they are excluded.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime likewise marginalized may become increasingly resentful formal economy social political channel excluded ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Contributing to the outbreak of conflict", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Organized crime often emerges when resources, governance, and social and economic opportunities are distributed inequitably. Individuals who feel politically and economically marginalized may turn to the illicit or informal economy, and the social gains derived from illicit activities may become increasingly attractive. Likewise, those who are marginalized may become increasingly resentful of formal economies and social and political channels from which they are excluded. This may make engagement in criminal activities and\/or armed conflict appear legitimate. At the same time, illicit funds from criminal activities detract from the formal economy and divert potential tax revenues from States that could have used these funds to invest in education, health care and development. This diversion of funds further exacerbates discontent among the population while diminishing governance. The illicit trade in arms and ammunition may also result in the increased circulation of illicit materiel in communities at the same time as discontent is rising.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1378, "Sentence":"This may make engagement in criminal activities and\/or armed conflict appear legitimate.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime may make engagement criminal activity and\/or armed conflict appear legitimate ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Contributing to the outbreak of conflict", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Organized crime often emerges when resources, governance, and social and economic opportunities are distributed inequitably. Individuals who feel politically and economically marginalized may turn to the illicit or informal economy, and the social gains derived from illicit activities may become increasingly attractive. Likewise, those who are marginalized may become increasingly resentful of formal economies and social and political channels from which they are excluded. This may make engagement in criminal activities and\/or armed conflict appear legitimate. At the same time, illicit funds from criminal activities detract from the formal economy and divert potential tax revenues from States that could have used these funds to invest in education, health care and development. This diversion of funds further exacerbates discontent among the population while diminishing governance. The illicit trade in arms and ammunition may also result in the increased circulation of illicit materiel in communities at the same time as discontent is rising.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1378, "Sentence":"At the same time, illicit funds from criminal activities detract from the formal economy and divert potential tax revenues from States that could have used these funds to invest in education, health care and development.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime time illicit fund criminal activity detract formal economy divert potential tax revenue state could used fund invest education health care development ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Contributing to the outbreak of conflict", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Organized crime often emerges when resources, governance, and social and economic opportunities are distributed inequitably. Individuals who feel politically and economically marginalized may turn to the illicit or informal economy, and the social gains derived from illicit activities may become increasingly attractive. Likewise, those who are marginalized may become increasingly resentful of formal economies and social and political channels from which they are excluded. This may make engagement in criminal activities and\/or armed conflict appear legitimate. At the same time, illicit funds from criminal activities detract from the formal economy and divert potential tax revenues from States that could have used these funds to invest in education, health care and development. This diversion of funds further exacerbates discontent among the population while diminishing governance. The illicit trade in arms and ammunition may also result in the increased circulation of illicit materiel in communities at the same time as discontent is rising.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1378, "Sentence":"This diversion of funds further exacerbates discontent among the population while diminishing governance.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime diversion fund exacerbates discontent among population diminishing governance ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.1 Contributing to the outbreak of conflict", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Organized crime often emerges when resources, governance, and social and economic opportunities are distributed inequitably. Individuals who feel politically and economically marginalized may turn to the illicit or informal economy, and the social gains derived from illicit activities may become increasingly attractive. Likewise, those who are marginalized may become increasingly resentful of formal economies and social and political channels from which they are excluded. This may make engagement in criminal activities and\/or armed conflict appear legitimate. At the same time, illicit funds from criminal activities detract from the formal economy and divert potential tax revenues from States that could have used these funds to invest in education, health care and development. This diversion of funds further exacerbates discontent among the population while diminishing governance. The illicit trade in arms and ammunition may also result in the increased circulation of illicit materiel in communities at the same time as discontent is rising.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1378, "Sentence":"The illicit trade in arms and ammunition may also result in the increased circulation of illicit materiel in communities at the same time as discontent is rising.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime illicit trade arm ammunition may also result increased circulation illicit materiel community time discontent rising ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.2 Sustaining conflict ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Once armed conflict has erupted, illicit and informal economies are vulnerable to capture by armed groups, which transforms them into both war and criminal economies. Criminal economies can interweave with war economies by providing financial support and weapons and ammunition for armed groups. Violence can serve as a tool, not only to facilitate or control the illicit movement of goods, but also among armed groups that sell violence to provide protection or reinforcement of a flow under extortion schemes.10 While some armed groups may impose their authority over populations within their captured territory through a scheme of violent governance, in other cases (or in parallel), they may bolster their authority through organized crime by acting as (perceived) legitimate economic and political regulators to local communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1379, "Sentence":"Once armed conflict has erupted, illicit and informal economies are vulnerable to capture by armed groups, which transforms them into both war and criminal economies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime armed conflict erupted illicit informal economy vulnerable capture armed group transforms war criminal economy ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.2 Sustaining conflict ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Once armed conflict has erupted, illicit and informal economies are vulnerable to capture by armed groups, which transforms them into both war and criminal economies. Criminal economies can interweave with war economies by providing financial support and weapons and ammunition for armed groups. Violence can serve as a tool, not only to facilitate or control the illicit movement of goods, but also among armed groups that sell violence to provide protection or reinforcement of a flow under extortion schemes.10 While some armed groups may impose their authority over populations within their captured territory through a scheme of violent governance, in other cases (or in parallel), they may bolster their authority through organized crime by acting as (perceived) legitimate economic and political regulators to local communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1379, "Sentence":"Criminal economies can interweave with war economies by providing financial support and weapons and ammunition for armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime criminal economy interweave war economy providing financial support weapon ammunition armed group ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.2 Sustaining conflict ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Once armed conflict has erupted, illicit and informal economies are vulnerable to capture by armed groups, which transforms them into both war and criminal economies. Criminal economies can interweave with war economies by providing financial support and weapons and ammunition for armed groups. Violence can serve as a tool, not only to facilitate or control the illicit movement of goods, but also among armed groups that sell violence to provide protection or reinforcement of a flow under extortion schemes.10 While some armed groups may impose their authority over populations within their captured territory through a scheme of violent governance, in other cases (or in parallel), they may bolster their authority through organized crime by acting as (perceived) legitimate economic and political regulators to local communities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1379, "Sentence":"Violence can serve as a tool, not only to facilitate or control the illicit movement of goods, but also among armed groups that sell violence to provide protection or reinforcement of a flow under extortion schemes.10 While some armed groups may impose their authority over populations within their captured territory through a scheme of violent governance, in other cases (or in parallel), they may bolster their authority through organized crime by acting as (perceived) legitimate economic and political regulators to local communities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime violence serve tool facilitate control illicit movement good also among armed group sell violence provide protection reinforcement flow extortion schemes.10 armed group may impose authority population within captured territory scheme violent governance case parallel may bolster authority organized crime acting perceived legitimate economic political regulator local community ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Undermining peace", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"For example, illicit revenue gained by armed groups engaged in criminal activities may be used to maintain social services and protect civilians and supporters in marginalized communities against predatory groups, particularly where the State is weak, absent or corrupt. In areas where the illicit economy forms the largest or sole source of income for local communities, armed groups can protect local livelihoods from State efforts to suppress these illegal activities. Often, marginalized communities depend on the informal economy to survive, and even more so in times of armed conflict, when goods and services are scarce.During armed conflict, when armed forces and groups make territorial gains, they may also gain access to informal markets and illicit flows of both licit and illicit commodities. This access can be used to further their war efforts. In these circumstances, in addition to direct engagement in criminal activities, rent-seeking dynamics emerge between armed groups and local communities and other actors, under the threat of violence or under the premise of protection of locals against other predatory groups. For example, rather than engaging in criminal activities directly, armed groups may extort or tax those using key transport (and consequently trafficking) hubs or demand payment for access to resources and extraction sites.Criminal economies risk becoming embedded in a State\u2019s economic and social fabric even after an armed conflict and its war economy formally end. Civilian livelihoods may continue to depend on illicit activities previously undertaken during wartime. Corruption patterns established by State actors during wartime may also continue, particularly when the rule of law has been weakened. This may prevent the development of effective institutions of governance and pose challenges to establishing long-term peace and stability.Even in a post-conflict context, the widespread availability of weapons and ammunition (due to trafficking by armed forces and groups, stockpile mismanagement and weapons retention by former combatants) may undermine the transition to peace. Violence may be used strategically in order to disrupt the distribution of power and resources, particularly in transitioning States where criminal violence has erupted.11Where communities are supported and protected by armed groups, combatants become legitimized in the eyes of the people. Armed groups that act as protectors of local livelihoods, even if livelihoods are made illegally, may gain more widespread political and social capital than State institutions. Where organized crime becomes embedded, these circumstances can result in a resurgence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1380, "Sentence":"For example, illicit revenue gained by armed groups engaged in criminal activities may be used to maintain social services and protect civilians and supporters in marginalized communities against predatory groups, particularly where the State is weak, absent or corrupt.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime example illicit revenue gained armed group engaged criminal activity may used maintain social service protect civilian supporter marginalized community predatory group particularly state weak absent corrupt ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Undermining peace", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"For example, illicit revenue gained by armed groups engaged in criminal activities may be used to maintain social services and protect civilians and supporters in marginalized communities against predatory groups, particularly where the State is weak, absent or corrupt. In areas where the illicit economy forms the largest or sole source of income for local communities, armed groups can protect local livelihoods from State efforts to suppress these illegal activities. Often, marginalized communities depend on the informal economy to survive, and even more so in times of armed conflict, when goods and services are scarce.During armed conflict, when armed forces and groups make territorial gains, they may also gain access to informal markets and illicit flows of both licit and illicit commodities. This access can be used to further their war efforts. In these circumstances, in addition to direct engagement in criminal activities, rent-seeking dynamics emerge between armed groups and local communities and other actors, under the threat of violence or under the premise of protection of locals against other predatory groups. For example, rather than engaging in criminal activities directly, armed groups may extort or tax those using key transport (and consequently trafficking) hubs or demand payment for access to resources and extraction sites.Criminal economies risk becoming embedded in a State\u2019s economic and social fabric even after an armed conflict and its war economy formally end. Civilian livelihoods may continue to depend on illicit activities previously undertaken during wartime. Corruption patterns established by State actors during wartime may also continue, particularly when the rule of law has been weakened. This may prevent the development of effective institutions of governance and pose challenges to establishing long-term peace and stability.Even in a post-conflict context, the widespread availability of weapons and ammunition (due to trafficking by armed forces and groups, stockpile mismanagement and weapons retention by former combatants) may undermine the transition to peace. Violence may be used strategically in order to disrupt the distribution of power and resources, particularly in transitioning States where criminal violence has erupted.11Where communities are supported and protected by armed groups, combatants become legitimized in the eyes of the people. Armed groups that act as protectors of local livelihoods, even if livelihoods are made illegally, may gain more widespread political and social capital than State institutions. Where organized crime becomes embedded, these circumstances can result in a resurgence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1380, "Sentence":"In areas where the illicit economy forms the largest or sole source of income for local communities, armed groups can protect local livelihoods from State efforts to suppress these illegal activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime area illicit economy form largest sole source income local community armed group protect local livelihood state effort suppress illegal activity ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Undermining peace", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"For example, illicit revenue gained by armed groups engaged in criminal activities may be used to maintain social services and protect civilians and supporters in marginalized communities against predatory groups, particularly where the State is weak, absent or corrupt. In areas where the illicit economy forms the largest or sole source of income for local communities, armed groups can protect local livelihoods from State efforts to suppress these illegal activities. Often, marginalized communities depend on the informal economy to survive, and even more so in times of armed conflict, when goods and services are scarce.During armed conflict, when armed forces and groups make territorial gains, they may also gain access to informal markets and illicit flows of both licit and illicit commodities. This access can be used to further their war efforts. In these circumstances, in addition to direct engagement in criminal activities, rent-seeking dynamics emerge between armed groups and local communities and other actors, under the threat of violence or under the premise of protection of locals against other predatory groups. For example, rather than engaging in criminal activities directly, armed groups may extort or tax those using key transport (and consequently trafficking) hubs or demand payment for access to resources and extraction sites.Criminal economies risk becoming embedded in a State\u2019s economic and social fabric even after an armed conflict and its war economy formally end. Civilian livelihoods may continue to depend on illicit activities previously undertaken during wartime. Corruption patterns established by State actors during wartime may also continue, particularly when the rule of law has been weakened. This may prevent the development of effective institutions of governance and pose challenges to establishing long-term peace and stability.Even in a post-conflict context, the widespread availability of weapons and ammunition (due to trafficking by armed forces and groups, stockpile mismanagement and weapons retention by former combatants) may undermine the transition to peace. Violence may be used strategically in order to disrupt the distribution of power and resources, particularly in transitioning States where criminal violence has erupted.11Where communities are supported and protected by armed groups, combatants become legitimized in the eyes of the people. Armed groups that act as protectors of local livelihoods, even if livelihoods are made illegally, may gain more widespread political and social capital than State institutions. Where organized crime becomes embedded, these circumstances can result in a resurgence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1380, "Sentence":"Often, marginalized communities depend on the informal economy to survive, and even more so in times of armed conflict, when goods and services are scarce.During armed conflict, when armed forces and groups make territorial gains, they may also gain access to informal markets and illicit flows of both licit and illicit commodities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime often marginalized community depend informal economy survive even time armed conflict good service scarce.during armed conflict armed force group make territorial gain may also gain access informal market illicit flow licit illicit commodity ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Undermining peace", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"For example, illicit revenue gained by armed groups engaged in criminal activities may be used to maintain social services and protect civilians and supporters in marginalized communities against predatory groups, particularly where the State is weak, absent or corrupt. In areas where the illicit economy forms the largest or sole source of income for local communities, armed groups can protect local livelihoods from State efforts to suppress these illegal activities. Often, marginalized communities depend on the informal economy to survive, and even more so in times of armed conflict, when goods and services are scarce.During armed conflict, when armed forces and groups make territorial gains, they may also gain access to informal markets and illicit flows of both licit and illicit commodities. This access can be used to further their war efforts. In these circumstances, in addition to direct engagement in criminal activities, rent-seeking dynamics emerge between armed groups and local communities and other actors, under the threat of violence or under the premise of protection of locals against other predatory groups. For example, rather than engaging in criminal activities directly, armed groups may extort or tax those using key transport (and consequently trafficking) hubs or demand payment for access to resources and extraction sites.Criminal economies risk becoming embedded in a State\u2019s economic and social fabric even after an armed conflict and its war economy formally end. Civilian livelihoods may continue to depend on illicit activities previously undertaken during wartime. Corruption patterns established by State actors during wartime may also continue, particularly when the rule of law has been weakened. This may prevent the development of effective institutions of governance and pose challenges to establishing long-term peace and stability.Even in a post-conflict context, the widespread availability of weapons and ammunition (due to trafficking by armed forces and groups, stockpile mismanagement and weapons retention by former combatants) may undermine the transition to peace. Violence may be used strategically in order to disrupt the distribution of power and resources, particularly in transitioning States where criminal violence has erupted.11Where communities are supported and protected by armed groups, combatants become legitimized in the eyes of the people. Armed groups that act as protectors of local livelihoods, even if livelihoods are made illegally, may gain more widespread political and social capital than State institutions. Where organized crime becomes embedded, these circumstances can result in a resurgence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1380, "Sentence":"This access can be used to further their war efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime access used war effort ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Undermining peace", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"For example, illicit revenue gained by armed groups engaged in criminal activities may be used to maintain social services and protect civilians and supporters in marginalized communities against predatory groups, particularly where the State is weak, absent or corrupt. In areas where the illicit economy forms the largest or sole source of income for local communities, armed groups can protect local livelihoods from State efforts to suppress these illegal activities. Often, marginalized communities depend on the informal economy to survive, and even more so in times of armed conflict, when goods and services are scarce.During armed conflict, when armed forces and groups make territorial gains, they may also gain access to informal markets and illicit flows of both licit and illicit commodities. This access can be used to further their war efforts. In these circumstances, in addition to direct engagement in criminal activities, rent-seeking dynamics emerge between armed groups and local communities and other actors, under the threat of violence or under the premise of protection of locals against other predatory groups. For example, rather than engaging in criminal activities directly, armed groups may extort or tax those using key transport (and consequently trafficking) hubs or demand payment for access to resources and extraction sites.Criminal economies risk becoming embedded in a State\u2019s economic and social fabric even after an armed conflict and its war economy formally end. Civilian livelihoods may continue to depend on illicit activities previously undertaken during wartime. Corruption patterns established by State actors during wartime may also continue, particularly when the rule of law has been weakened. This may prevent the development of effective institutions of governance and pose challenges to establishing long-term peace and stability.Even in a post-conflict context, the widespread availability of weapons and ammunition (due to trafficking by armed forces and groups, stockpile mismanagement and weapons retention by former combatants) may undermine the transition to peace. Violence may be used strategically in order to disrupt the distribution of power and resources, particularly in transitioning States where criminal violence has erupted.11Where communities are supported and protected by armed groups, combatants become legitimized in the eyes of the people. Armed groups that act as protectors of local livelihoods, even if livelihoods are made illegally, may gain more widespread political and social capital than State institutions. Where organized crime becomes embedded, these circumstances can result in a resurgence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1380, "Sentence":"In these circumstances, in addition to direct engagement in criminal activities, rent-seeking dynamics emerge between armed groups and local communities and other actors, under the threat of violence or under the premise of protection of locals against other predatory groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime circumstance addition direct engagement criminal activity rentseeking dynamic emerge armed group local community actor threat violence premise protection local predatory group ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Undermining peace", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"For example, illicit revenue gained by armed groups engaged in criminal activities may be used to maintain social services and protect civilians and supporters in marginalized communities against predatory groups, particularly where the State is weak, absent or corrupt. In areas where the illicit economy forms the largest or sole source of income for local communities, armed groups can protect local livelihoods from State efforts to suppress these illegal activities. Often, marginalized communities depend on the informal economy to survive, and even more so in times of armed conflict, when goods and services are scarce.During armed conflict, when armed forces and groups make territorial gains, they may also gain access to informal markets and illicit flows of both licit and illicit commodities. This access can be used to further their war efforts. In these circumstances, in addition to direct engagement in criminal activities, rent-seeking dynamics emerge between armed groups and local communities and other actors, under the threat of violence or under the premise of protection of locals against other predatory groups. For example, rather than engaging in criminal activities directly, armed groups may extort or tax those using key transport (and consequently trafficking) hubs or demand payment for access to resources and extraction sites.Criminal economies risk becoming embedded in a State\u2019s economic and social fabric even after an armed conflict and its war economy formally end. Civilian livelihoods may continue to depend on illicit activities previously undertaken during wartime. Corruption patterns established by State actors during wartime may also continue, particularly when the rule of law has been weakened. This may prevent the development of effective institutions of governance and pose challenges to establishing long-term peace and stability.Even in a post-conflict context, the widespread availability of weapons and ammunition (due to trafficking by armed forces and groups, stockpile mismanagement and weapons retention by former combatants) may undermine the transition to peace. Violence may be used strategically in order to disrupt the distribution of power and resources, particularly in transitioning States where criminal violence has erupted.11Where communities are supported and protected by armed groups, combatants become legitimized in the eyes of the people. Armed groups that act as protectors of local livelihoods, even if livelihoods are made illegally, may gain more widespread political and social capital than State institutions. Where organized crime becomes embedded, these circumstances can result in a resurgence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1380, "Sentence":"For example, rather than engaging in criminal activities directly, armed groups may extort or tax those using key transport (and consequently trafficking) hubs or demand payment for access to resources and extraction sites.Criminal economies risk becoming embedded in a State\u2019s economic and social fabric even after an armed conflict and its war economy formally end.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime example rather engaging criminal activity directly armed group may extort tax using key transport consequently trafficking hub demand payment access resource extraction sites.criminal economy risk becoming embedded state \u2019 economic social fabric even armed conflict war economy formally end ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Undermining peace", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"For example, illicit revenue gained by armed groups engaged in criminal activities may be used to maintain social services and protect civilians and supporters in marginalized communities against predatory groups, particularly where the State is weak, absent or corrupt. In areas where the illicit economy forms the largest or sole source of income for local communities, armed groups can protect local livelihoods from State efforts to suppress these illegal activities. Often, marginalized communities depend on the informal economy to survive, and even more so in times of armed conflict, when goods and services are scarce.During armed conflict, when armed forces and groups make territorial gains, they may also gain access to informal markets and illicit flows of both licit and illicit commodities. This access can be used to further their war efforts. In these circumstances, in addition to direct engagement in criminal activities, rent-seeking dynamics emerge between armed groups and local communities and other actors, under the threat of violence or under the premise of protection of locals against other predatory groups. For example, rather than engaging in criminal activities directly, armed groups may extort or tax those using key transport (and consequently trafficking) hubs or demand payment for access to resources and extraction sites.Criminal economies risk becoming embedded in a State\u2019s economic and social fabric even after an armed conflict and its war economy formally end. Civilian livelihoods may continue to depend on illicit activities previously undertaken during wartime. Corruption patterns established by State actors during wartime may also continue, particularly when the rule of law has been weakened. This may prevent the development of effective institutions of governance and pose challenges to establishing long-term peace and stability.Even in a post-conflict context, the widespread availability of weapons and ammunition (due to trafficking by armed forces and groups, stockpile mismanagement and weapons retention by former combatants) may undermine the transition to peace. Violence may be used strategically in order to disrupt the distribution of power and resources, particularly in transitioning States where criminal violence has erupted.11Where communities are supported and protected by armed groups, combatants become legitimized in the eyes of the people. Armed groups that act as protectors of local livelihoods, even if livelihoods are made illegally, may gain more widespread political and social capital than State institutions. Where organized crime becomes embedded, these circumstances can result in a resurgence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1380, "Sentence":"Civilian livelihoods may continue to depend on illicit activities previously undertaken during wartime.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime civilian livelihood may continue depend illicit activity previously undertaken wartime ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Undermining peace", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"For example, illicit revenue gained by armed groups engaged in criminal activities may be used to maintain social services and protect civilians and supporters in marginalized communities against predatory groups, particularly where the State is weak, absent or corrupt. In areas where the illicit economy forms the largest or sole source of income for local communities, armed groups can protect local livelihoods from State efforts to suppress these illegal activities. Often, marginalized communities depend on the informal economy to survive, and even more so in times of armed conflict, when goods and services are scarce.During armed conflict, when armed forces and groups make territorial gains, they may also gain access to informal markets and illicit flows of both licit and illicit commodities. This access can be used to further their war efforts. In these circumstances, in addition to direct engagement in criminal activities, rent-seeking dynamics emerge between armed groups and local communities and other actors, under the threat of violence or under the premise of protection of locals against other predatory groups. For example, rather than engaging in criminal activities directly, armed groups may extort or tax those using key transport (and consequently trafficking) hubs or demand payment for access to resources and extraction sites.Criminal economies risk becoming embedded in a State\u2019s economic and social fabric even after an armed conflict and its war economy formally end. Civilian livelihoods may continue to depend on illicit activities previously undertaken during wartime. Corruption patterns established by State actors during wartime may also continue, particularly when the rule of law has been weakened. This may prevent the development of effective institutions of governance and pose challenges to establishing long-term peace and stability.Even in a post-conflict context, the widespread availability of weapons and ammunition (due to trafficking by armed forces and groups, stockpile mismanagement and weapons retention by former combatants) may undermine the transition to peace. Violence may be used strategically in order to disrupt the distribution of power and resources, particularly in transitioning States where criminal violence has erupted.11Where communities are supported and protected by armed groups, combatants become legitimized in the eyes of the people. Armed groups that act as protectors of local livelihoods, even if livelihoods are made illegally, may gain more widespread political and social capital than State institutions. Where organized crime becomes embedded, these circumstances can result in a resurgence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1380, "Sentence":"Corruption patterns established by State actors during wartime may also continue, particularly when the rule of law has been weakened.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime corruption pattern established state actor wartime may also continue particularly rule law weakened ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Undermining peace", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"For example, illicit revenue gained by armed groups engaged in criminal activities may be used to maintain social services and protect civilians and supporters in marginalized communities against predatory groups, particularly where the State is weak, absent or corrupt. In areas where the illicit economy forms the largest or sole source of income for local communities, armed groups can protect local livelihoods from State efforts to suppress these illegal activities. Often, marginalized communities depend on the informal economy to survive, and even more so in times of armed conflict, when goods and services are scarce.During armed conflict, when armed forces and groups make territorial gains, they may also gain access to informal markets and illicit flows of both licit and illicit commodities. This access can be used to further their war efforts. In these circumstances, in addition to direct engagement in criminal activities, rent-seeking dynamics emerge between armed groups and local communities and other actors, under the threat of violence or under the premise of protection of locals against other predatory groups. For example, rather than engaging in criminal activities directly, armed groups may extort or tax those using key transport (and consequently trafficking) hubs or demand payment for access to resources and extraction sites.Criminal economies risk becoming embedded in a State\u2019s economic and social fabric even after an armed conflict and its war economy formally end. Civilian livelihoods may continue to depend on illicit activities previously undertaken during wartime. Corruption patterns established by State actors during wartime may also continue, particularly when the rule of law has been weakened. This may prevent the development of effective institutions of governance and pose challenges to establishing long-term peace and stability.Even in a post-conflict context, the widespread availability of weapons and ammunition (due to trafficking by armed forces and groups, stockpile mismanagement and weapons retention by former combatants) may undermine the transition to peace. Violence may be used strategically in order to disrupt the distribution of power and resources, particularly in transitioning States where criminal violence has erupted.11Where communities are supported and protected by armed groups, combatants become legitimized in the eyes of the people. Armed groups that act as protectors of local livelihoods, even if livelihoods are made illegally, may gain more widespread political and social capital than State institutions. Where organized crime becomes embedded, these circumstances can result in a resurgence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1380, "Sentence":"This may prevent the development of effective institutions of governance and pose challenges to establishing long-term peace and stability.Even in a post-conflict context, the widespread availability of weapons and ammunition (due to trafficking by armed forces and groups, stockpile mismanagement and weapons retention by former combatants) may undermine the transition to peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime may prevent development effective institution governance pose challenge establishing longterm peace stability.even postconflict context widespread availability weapon ammunition due trafficking armed force group stockpile mismanagement weapon retention former combatant may undermine transition peace ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Undermining peace", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"For example, illicit revenue gained by armed groups engaged in criminal activities may be used to maintain social services and protect civilians and supporters in marginalized communities against predatory groups, particularly where the State is weak, absent or corrupt. In areas where the illicit economy forms the largest or sole source of income for local communities, armed groups can protect local livelihoods from State efforts to suppress these illegal activities. Often, marginalized communities depend on the informal economy to survive, and even more so in times of armed conflict, when goods and services are scarce.During armed conflict, when armed forces and groups make territorial gains, they may also gain access to informal markets and illicit flows of both licit and illicit commodities. This access can be used to further their war efforts. In these circumstances, in addition to direct engagement in criminal activities, rent-seeking dynamics emerge between armed groups and local communities and other actors, under the threat of violence or under the premise of protection of locals against other predatory groups. For example, rather than engaging in criminal activities directly, armed groups may extort or tax those using key transport (and consequently trafficking) hubs or demand payment for access to resources and extraction sites.Criminal economies risk becoming embedded in a State\u2019s economic and social fabric even after an armed conflict and its war economy formally end. Civilian livelihoods may continue to depend on illicit activities previously undertaken during wartime. Corruption patterns established by State actors during wartime may also continue, particularly when the rule of law has been weakened. This may prevent the development of effective institutions of governance and pose challenges to establishing long-term peace and stability.Even in a post-conflict context, the widespread availability of weapons and ammunition (due to trafficking by armed forces and groups, stockpile mismanagement and weapons retention by former combatants) may undermine the transition to peace. Violence may be used strategically in order to disrupt the distribution of power and resources, particularly in transitioning States where criminal violence has erupted.11Where communities are supported and protected by armed groups, combatants become legitimized in the eyes of the people. Armed groups that act as protectors of local livelihoods, even if livelihoods are made illegally, may gain more widespread political and social capital than State institutions. Where organized crime becomes embedded, these circumstances can result in a resurgence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1380, "Sentence":"Violence may be used strategically in order to disrupt the distribution of power and resources, particularly in transitioning States where criminal violence has erupted.11Where communities are supported and protected by armed groups, combatants become legitimized in the eyes of the people.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime violence may used strategically order disrupt distribution power resource particularly transitioning state criminal violence erupted.11where community supported protected armed group combatant become legitimized eye people ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Undermining peace", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"For example, illicit revenue gained by armed groups engaged in criminal activities may be used to maintain social services and protect civilians and supporters in marginalized communities against predatory groups, particularly where the State is weak, absent or corrupt. In areas where the illicit economy forms the largest or sole source of income for local communities, armed groups can protect local livelihoods from State efforts to suppress these illegal activities. Often, marginalized communities depend on the informal economy to survive, and even more so in times of armed conflict, when goods and services are scarce.During armed conflict, when armed forces and groups make territorial gains, they may also gain access to informal markets and illicit flows of both licit and illicit commodities. This access can be used to further their war efforts. In these circumstances, in addition to direct engagement in criminal activities, rent-seeking dynamics emerge between armed groups and local communities and other actors, under the threat of violence or under the premise of protection of locals against other predatory groups. For example, rather than engaging in criminal activities directly, armed groups may extort or tax those using key transport (and consequently trafficking) hubs or demand payment for access to resources and extraction sites.Criminal economies risk becoming embedded in a State\u2019s economic and social fabric even after an armed conflict and its war economy formally end. Civilian livelihoods may continue to depend on illicit activities previously undertaken during wartime. Corruption patterns established by State actors during wartime may also continue, particularly when the rule of law has been weakened. This may prevent the development of effective institutions of governance and pose challenges to establishing long-term peace and stability.Even in a post-conflict context, the widespread availability of weapons and ammunition (due to trafficking by armed forces and groups, stockpile mismanagement and weapons retention by former combatants) may undermine the transition to peace. Violence may be used strategically in order to disrupt the distribution of power and resources, particularly in transitioning States where criminal violence has erupted.11Where communities are supported and protected by armed groups, combatants become legitimized in the eyes of the people. Armed groups that act as protectors of local livelihoods, even if livelihoods are made illegally, may gain more widespread political and social capital than State institutions. Where organized crime becomes embedded, these circumstances can result in a resurgence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1380, "Sentence":"Armed groups that act as protectors of local livelihoods, even if livelihoods are made illegally, may gain more widespread political and social capital than State institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime armed group act protector local livelihood even livelihood made illegally may gain widespread political social capital state institution ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 The role of organized crime in conflict", "Heading3":"5.1.3 Undermining peace", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"For example, illicit revenue gained by armed groups engaged in criminal activities may be used to maintain social services and protect civilians and supporters in marginalized communities against predatory groups, particularly where the State is weak, absent or corrupt. In areas where the illicit economy forms the largest or sole source of income for local communities, armed groups can protect local livelihoods from State efforts to suppress these illegal activities. Often, marginalized communities depend on the informal economy to survive, and even more so in times of armed conflict, when goods and services are scarce.During armed conflict, when armed forces and groups make territorial gains, they may also gain access to informal markets and illicit flows of both licit and illicit commodities. This access can be used to further their war efforts. In these circumstances, in addition to direct engagement in criminal activities, rent-seeking dynamics emerge between armed groups and local communities and other actors, under the threat of violence or under the premise of protection of locals against other predatory groups. For example, rather than engaging in criminal activities directly, armed groups may extort or tax those using key transport (and consequently trafficking) hubs or demand payment for access to resources and extraction sites.Criminal economies risk becoming embedded in a State\u2019s economic and social fabric even after an armed conflict and its war economy formally end. Civilian livelihoods may continue to depend on illicit activities previously undertaken during wartime. Corruption patterns established by State actors during wartime may also continue, particularly when the rule of law has been weakened. This may prevent the development of effective institutions of governance and pose challenges to establishing long-term peace and stability.Even in a post-conflict context, the widespread availability of weapons and ammunition (due to trafficking by armed forces and groups, stockpile mismanagement and weapons retention by former combatants) may undermine the transition to peace. Violence may be used strategically in order to disrupt the distribution of power and resources, particularly in transitioning States where criminal violence has erupted.11Where communities are supported and protected by armed groups, combatants become legitimized in the eyes of the people. Armed groups that act as protectors of local livelihoods, even if livelihoods are made illegally, may gain more widespread political and social capital than State institutions. Where organized crime becomes embedded, these circumstances can result in a resurgence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1380, "Sentence":"Where organized crime becomes embedded, these circumstances can result in a resurgence of conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime organized crime becomes embedded circumstance result resurgence conflict ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 The relationship between organized crime and armed forces and groups ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"As a preliminary consideration, DDR practitioners should first distinguish between organized crime as an entity and organized crime as an activity. Labelling groups as \u2018organized criminal groups\u2019 (entity) has become increasingly irrelevant in conflict settings where armed groups (and occasionally armed forces) are engaged in organized crime, often rendering organized criminal groups and armed groups indistinguishable. The progressive blurring of lines between organized criminal groups and armed groups necessitates an understanding of the motivations for engaging in organized crime (as an activity) and armed conflict. This awareness is particularly important for DDR practitioners when determining whom to involve as participants in DDR processes and when determining the types of measures to implement in order to minimize continued involvement (and\/or re-engagement) in illicit activities.Where crime and armed conflict converge, two general motives emerge: economic and social\/political. Economic motivations arise in conflict when the State is absent or weak and actors can monopolize a market or carry out a lucrative illicit activity with impunity. Social\/political motives can also arise in the absence of the State apparatus, leading actors to take the State\u2019s place through the pursuit of legitimacy or exercise of power through violent governance. While organized criminal groups have largely been described as carrying out their activities for a financial or material benefit, recent evidence indicates that motives exist beyond profits. Similarly, where armed groups have traditionally fought for a political or ideological reason, economic opportunities presented by organized crime may expand their objectives.While these considerations are most frequently applied to armed groups, armed forces may also directly engage in organized crime. For example, poor working conditions coupled with low wages may be insufficient for individual members of armed forces to survive, leading some to sell weapons to armed groups and communities for financial gain. More broadly, in some cases, challenges to State strongholds mean that State actors must struggle to maintain their power, joining armed groups in competing for resources and territorial control, and often also engaging in organized crime activities for economic profit.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1381, "Sentence":"As a preliminary consideration, DDR practitioners should first distinguish between organized crime as an entity and organized crime as an activity.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime preliminary consideration ddr practitioner first distinguish organized crime entity organized crime activity ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 The relationship between organized crime and armed forces and groups ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"As a preliminary consideration, DDR practitioners should first distinguish between organized crime as an entity and organized crime as an activity. Labelling groups as \u2018organized criminal groups\u2019 (entity) has become increasingly irrelevant in conflict settings where armed groups (and occasionally armed forces) are engaged in organized crime, often rendering organized criminal groups and armed groups indistinguishable. The progressive blurring of lines between organized criminal groups and armed groups necessitates an understanding of the motivations for engaging in organized crime (as an activity) and armed conflict. This awareness is particularly important for DDR practitioners when determining whom to involve as participants in DDR processes and when determining the types of measures to implement in order to minimize continued involvement (and\/or re-engagement) in illicit activities.Where crime and armed conflict converge, two general motives emerge: economic and social\/political. Economic motivations arise in conflict when the State is absent or weak and actors can monopolize a market or carry out a lucrative illicit activity with impunity. Social\/political motives can also arise in the absence of the State apparatus, leading actors to take the State\u2019s place through the pursuit of legitimacy or exercise of power through violent governance. While organized criminal groups have largely been described as carrying out their activities for a financial or material benefit, recent evidence indicates that motives exist beyond profits. Similarly, where armed groups have traditionally fought for a political or ideological reason, economic opportunities presented by organized crime may expand their objectives.While these considerations are most frequently applied to armed groups, armed forces may also directly engage in organized crime. For example, poor working conditions coupled with low wages may be insufficient for individual members of armed forces to survive, leading some to sell weapons to armed groups and communities for financial gain. More broadly, in some cases, challenges to State strongholds mean that State actors must struggle to maintain their power, joining armed groups in competing for resources and territorial control, and often also engaging in organized crime activities for economic profit.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1381, "Sentence":"Labelling groups as \u2018organized criminal groups\u2019 (entity) has become increasingly irrelevant in conflict settings where armed groups (and occasionally armed forces) are engaged in organized crime, often rendering organized criminal groups and armed groups indistinguishable.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime labelling group \u2018 organized criminal group \u2019 entity become increasingly irrelevant conflict setting armed group occasionally armed force engaged organized crime often rendering organized criminal group armed group indistinguishable ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 The relationship between organized crime and armed forces and groups ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"As a preliminary consideration, DDR practitioners should first distinguish between organized crime as an entity and organized crime as an activity. Labelling groups as \u2018organized criminal groups\u2019 (entity) has become increasingly irrelevant in conflict settings where armed groups (and occasionally armed forces) are engaged in organized crime, often rendering organized criminal groups and armed groups indistinguishable. The progressive blurring of lines between organized criminal groups and armed groups necessitates an understanding of the motivations for engaging in organized crime (as an activity) and armed conflict. This awareness is particularly important for DDR practitioners when determining whom to involve as participants in DDR processes and when determining the types of measures to implement in order to minimize continued involvement (and\/or re-engagement) in illicit activities.Where crime and armed conflict converge, two general motives emerge: economic and social\/political. Economic motivations arise in conflict when the State is absent or weak and actors can monopolize a market or carry out a lucrative illicit activity with impunity. Social\/political motives can also arise in the absence of the State apparatus, leading actors to take the State\u2019s place through the pursuit of legitimacy or exercise of power through violent governance. While organized criminal groups have largely been described as carrying out their activities for a financial or material benefit, recent evidence indicates that motives exist beyond profits. Similarly, where armed groups have traditionally fought for a political or ideological reason, economic opportunities presented by organized crime may expand their objectives.While these considerations are most frequently applied to armed groups, armed forces may also directly engage in organized crime. For example, poor working conditions coupled with low wages may be insufficient for individual members of armed forces to survive, leading some to sell weapons to armed groups and communities for financial gain. More broadly, in some cases, challenges to State strongholds mean that State actors must struggle to maintain their power, joining armed groups in competing for resources and territorial control, and often also engaging in organized crime activities for economic profit.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1381, "Sentence":"The progressive blurring of lines between organized criminal groups and armed groups necessitates an understanding of the motivations for engaging in organized crime (as an activity) and armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime progressive blurring line organized criminal group armed group necessitates understanding motivation engaging organized crime activity armed conflict ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 The relationship between organized crime and armed forces and groups ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"As a preliminary consideration, DDR practitioners should first distinguish between organized crime as an entity and organized crime as an activity. Labelling groups as \u2018organized criminal groups\u2019 (entity) has become increasingly irrelevant in conflict settings where armed groups (and occasionally armed forces) are engaged in organized crime, often rendering organized criminal groups and armed groups indistinguishable. The progressive blurring of lines between organized criminal groups and armed groups necessitates an understanding of the motivations for engaging in organized crime (as an activity) and armed conflict. This awareness is particularly important for DDR practitioners when determining whom to involve as participants in DDR processes and when determining the types of measures to implement in order to minimize continued involvement (and\/or re-engagement) in illicit activities.Where crime and armed conflict converge, two general motives emerge: economic and social\/political. Economic motivations arise in conflict when the State is absent or weak and actors can monopolize a market or carry out a lucrative illicit activity with impunity. Social\/political motives can also arise in the absence of the State apparatus, leading actors to take the State\u2019s place through the pursuit of legitimacy or exercise of power through violent governance. While organized criminal groups have largely been described as carrying out their activities for a financial or material benefit, recent evidence indicates that motives exist beyond profits. Similarly, where armed groups have traditionally fought for a political or ideological reason, economic opportunities presented by organized crime may expand their objectives.While these considerations are most frequently applied to armed groups, armed forces may also directly engage in organized crime. For example, poor working conditions coupled with low wages may be insufficient for individual members of armed forces to survive, leading some to sell weapons to armed groups and communities for financial gain. More broadly, in some cases, challenges to State strongholds mean that State actors must struggle to maintain their power, joining armed groups in competing for resources and territorial control, and often also engaging in organized crime activities for economic profit.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1381, "Sentence":"This awareness is particularly important for DDR practitioners when determining whom to involve as participants in DDR processes and when determining the types of measures to implement in order to minimize continued involvement (and\/or re-engagement) in illicit activities.Where crime and armed conflict converge, two general motives emerge: economic and social\/political.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime awareness particularly important ddr practitioner determining involve participant ddr process determining type measure implement order minimize continued involvement and\/or reengagement illicit activities.where crime armed conflict converge two general motif emerge economic social\/political ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 The relationship between organized crime and armed forces and groups ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"As a preliminary consideration, DDR practitioners should first distinguish between organized crime as an entity and organized crime as an activity. Labelling groups as \u2018organized criminal groups\u2019 (entity) has become increasingly irrelevant in conflict settings where armed groups (and occasionally armed forces) are engaged in organized crime, often rendering organized criminal groups and armed groups indistinguishable. The progressive blurring of lines between organized criminal groups and armed groups necessitates an understanding of the motivations for engaging in organized crime (as an activity) and armed conflict. This awareness is particularly important for DDR practitioners when determining whom to involve as participants in DDR processes and when determining the types of measures to implement in order to minimize continued involvement (and\/or re-engagement) in illicit activities.Where crime and armed conflict converge, two general motives emerge: economic and social\/political. Economic motivations arise in conflict when the State is absent or weak and actors can monopolize a market or carry out a lucrative illicit activity with impunity. Social\/political motives can also arise in the absence of the State apparatus, leading actors to take the State\u2019s place through the pursuit of legitimacy or exercise of power through violent governance. While organized criminal groups have largely been described as carrying out their activities for a financial or material benefit, recent evidence indicates that motives exist beyond profits. Similarly, where armed groups have traditionally fought for a political or ideological reason, economic opportunities presented by organized crime may expand their objectives.While these considerations are most frequently applied to armed groups, armed forces may also directly engage in organized crime. For example, poor working conditions coupled with low wages may be insufficient for individual members of armed forces to survive, leading some to sell weapons to armed groups and communities for financial gain. More broadly, in some cases, challenges to State strongholds mean that State actors must struggle to maintain their power, joining armed groups in competing for resources and territorial control, and often also engaging in organized crime activities for economic profit.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1381, "Sentence":"Economic motivations arise in conflict when the State is absent or weak and actors can monopolize a market or carry out a lucrative illicit activity with impunity.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime economic motivation arise conflict state absent weak actor monopolize market carry lucrative illicit activity impunity ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 The relationship between organized crime and armed forces and groups ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"As a preliminary consideration, DDR practitioners should first distinguish between organized crime as an entity and organized crime as an activity. Labelling groups as \u2018organized criminal groups\u2019 (entity) has become increasingly irrelevant in conflict settings where armed groups (and occasionally armed forces) are engaged in organized crime, often rendering organized criminal groups and armed groups indistinguishable. The progressive blurring of lines between organized criminal groups and armed groups necessitates an understanding of the motivations for engaging in organized crime (as an activity) and armed conflict. This awareness is particularly important for DDR practitioners when determining whom to involve as participants in DDR processes and when determining the types of measures to implement in order to minimize continued involvement (and\/or re-engagement) in illicit activities.Where crime and armed conflict converge, two general motives emerge: economic and social\/political. Economic motivations arise in conflict when the State is absent or weak and actors can monopolize a market or carry out a lucrative illicit activity with impunity. Social\/political motives can also arise in the absence of the State apparatus, leading actors to take the State\u2019s place through the pursuit of legitimacy or exercise of power through violent governance. While organized criminal groups have largely been described as carrying out their activities for a financial or material benefit, recent evidence indicates that motives exist beyond profits. Similarly, where armed groups have traditionally fought for a political or ideological reason, economic opportunities presented by organized crime may expand their objectives.While these considerations are most frequently applied to armed groups, armed forces may also directly engage in organized crime. For example, poor working conditions coupled with low wages may be insufficient for individual members of armed forces to survive, leading some to sell weapons to armed groups and communities for financial gain. More broadly, in some cases, challenges to State strongholds mean that State actors must struggle to maintain their power, joining armed groups in competing for resources and territorial control, and often also engaging in organized crime activities for economic profit.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1381, "Sentence":"Social\/political motives can also arise in the absence of the State apparatus, leading actors to take the State\u2019s place through the pursuit of legitimacy or exercise of power through violent governance.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime social\/political motif also arise absence state apparatus leading actor take state \u2019 place pursuit legitimacy exercise power violent governance ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 The relationship between organized crime and armed forces and groups ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"As a preliminary consideration, DDR practitioners should first distinguish between organized crime as an entity and organized crime as an activity. Labelling groups as \u2018organized criminal groups\u2019 (entity) has become increasingly irrelevant in conflict settings where armed groups (and occasionally armed forces) are engaged in organized crime, often rendering organized criminal groups and armed groups indistinguishable. The progressive blurring of lines between organized criminal groups and armed groups necessitates an understanding of the motivations for engaging in organized crime (as an activity) and armed conflict. This awareness is particularly important for DDR practitioners when determining whom to involve as participants in DDR processes and when determining the types of measures to implement in order to minimize continued involvement (and\/or re-engagement) in illicit activities.Where crime and armed conflict converge, two general motives emerge: economic and social\/political. Economic motivations arise in conflict when the State is absent or weak and actors can monopolize a market or carry out a lucrative illicit activity with impunity. Social\/political motives can also arise in the absence of the State apparatus, leading actors to take the State\u2019s place through the pursuit of legitimacy or exercise of power through violent governance. While organized criminal groups have largely been described as carrying out their activities for a financial or material benefit, recent evidence indicates that motives exist beyond profits. Similarly, where armed groups have traditionally fought for a political or ideological reason, economic opportunities presented by organized crime may expand their objectives.While these considerations are most frequently applied to armed groups, armed forces may also directly engage in organized crime. For example, poor working conditions coupled with low wages may be insufficient for individual members of armed forces to survive, leading some to sell weapons to armed groups and communities for financial gain. More broadly, in some cases, challenges to State strongholds mean that State actors must struggle to maintain their power, joining armed groups in competing for resources and territorial control, and often also engaging in organized crime activities for economic profit.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1381, "Sentence":"While organized criminal groups have largely been described as carrying out their activities for a financial or material benefit, recent evidence indicates that motives exist beyond profits.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime organized criminal group largely described carrying activity financial material benefit recent evidence indicates motif exist beyond profit ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 The relationship between organized crime and armed forces and groups ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"As a preliminary consideration, DDR practitioners should first distinguish between organized crime as an entity and organized crime as an activity. Labelling groups as \u2018organized criminal groups\u2019 (entity) has become increasingly irrelevant in conflict settings where armed groups (and occasionally armed forces) are engaged in organized crime, often rendering organized criminal groups and armed groups indistinguishable. The progressive blurring of lines between organized criminal groups and armed groups necessitates an understanding of the motivations for engaging in organized crime (as an activity) and armed conflict. This awareness is particularly important for DDR practitioners when determining whom to involve as participants in DDR processes and when determining the types of measures to implement in order to minimize continued involvement (and\/or re-engagement) in illicit activities.Where crime and armed conflict converge, two general motives emerge: economic and social\/political. Economic motivations arise in conflict when the State is absent or weak and actors can monopolize a market or carry out a lucrative illicit activity with impunity. Social\/political motives can also arise in the absence of the State apparatus, leading actors to take the State\u2019s place through the pursuit of legitimacy or exercise of power through violent governance. While organized criminal groups have largely been described as carrying out their activities for a financial or material benefit, recent evidence indicates that motives exist beyond profits. Similarly, where armed groups have traditionally fought for a political or ideological reason, economic opportunities presented by organized crime may expand their objectives.While these considerations are most frequently applied to armed groups, armed forces may also directly engage in organized crime. For example, poor working conditions coupled with low wages may be insufficient for individual members of armed forces to survive, leading some to sell weapons to armed groups and communities for financial gain. More broadly, in some cases, challenges to State strongholds mean that State actors must struggle to maintain their power, joining armed groups in competing for resources and territorial control, and often also engaging in organized crime activities for economic profit.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1381, "Sentence":"Similarly, where armed groups have traditionally fought for a political or ideological reason, economic opportunities presented by organized crime may expand their objectives.While these considerations are most frequently applied to armed groups, armed forces may also directly engage in organized crime.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime similarly armed group traditionally fought political ideological reason economic opportunity presented organized crime may expand objectives.while consideration frequently applied armed group armed force may also directly engage organized crime ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 The relationship between organized crime and armed forces and groups ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"As a preliminary consideration, DDR practitioners should first distinguish between organized crime as an entity and organized crime as an activity. Labelling groups as \u2018organized criminal groups\u2019 (entity) has become increasingly irrelevant in conflict settings where armed groups (and occasionally armed forces) are engaged in organized crime, often rendering organized criminal groups and armed groups indistinguishable. The progressive blurring of lines between organized criminal groups and armed groups necessitates an understanding of the motivations for engaging in organized crime (as an activity) and armed conflict. This awareness is particularly important for DDR practitioners when determining whom to involve as participants in DDR processes and when determining the types of measures to implement in order to minimize continued involvement (and\/or re-engagement) in illicit activities.Where crime and armed conflict converge, two general motives emerge: economic and social\/political. Economic motivations arise in conflict when the State is absent or weak and actors can monopolize a market or carry out a lucrative illicit activity with impunity. Social\/political motives can also arise in the absence of the State apparatus, leading actors to take the State\u2019s place through the pursuit of legitimacy or exercise of power through violent governance. While organized criminal groups have largely been described as carrying out their activities for a financial or material benefit, recent evidence indicates that motives exist beyond profits. Similarly, where armed groups have traditionally fought for a political or ideological reason, economic opportunities presented by organized crime may expand their objectives.While these considerations are most frequently applied to armed groups, armed forces may also directly engage in organized crime. For example, poor working conditions coupled with low wages may be insufficient for individual members of armed forces to survive, leading some to sell weapons to armed groups and communities for financial gain. More broadly, in some cases, challenges to State strongholds mean that State actors must struggle to maintain their power, joining armed groups in competing for resources and territorial control, and often also engaging in organized crime activities for economic profit.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1381, "Sentence":"For example, poor working conditions coupled with low wages may be insufficient for individual members of armed forces to survive, leading some to sell weapons to armed groups and communities for financial gain.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime example poor working condition coupled low wage may insufficient individual member armed force survive leading sell weapon armed group community financial gain ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 The relationship between organized crime and armed forces and groups ", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"As a preliminary consideration, DDR practitioners should first distinguish between organized crime as an entity and organized crime as an activity. Labelling groups as \u2018organized criminal groups\u2019 (entity) has become increasingly irrelevant in conflict settings where armed groups (and occasionally armed forces) are engaged in organized crime, often rendering organized criminal groups and armed groups indistinguishable. The progressive blurring of lines between organized criminal groups and armed groups necessitates an understanding of the motivations for engaging in organized crime (as an activity) and armed conflict. This awareness is particularly important for DDR practitioners when determining whom to involve as participants in DDR processes and when determining the types of measures to implement in order to minimize continued involvement (and\/or re-engagement) in illicit activities.Where crime and armed conflict converge, two general motives emerge: economic and social\/political. Economic motivations arise in conflict when the State is absent or weak and actors can monopolize a market or carry out a lucrative illicit activity with impunity. Social\/political motives can also arise in the absence of the State apparatus, leading actors to take the State\u2019s place through the pursuit of legitimacy or exercise of power through violent governance. While organized criminal groups have largely been described as carrying out their activities for a financial or material benefit, recent evidence indicates that motives exist beyond profits. Similarly, where armed groups have traditionally fought for a political or ideological reason, economic opportunities presented by organized crime may expand their objectives.While these considerations are most frequently applied to armed groups, armed forces may also directly engage in organized crime. For example, poor working conditions coupled with low wages may be insufficient for individual members of armed forces to survive, leading some to sell weapons to armed groups and communities for financial gain. More broadly, in some cases, challenges to State strongholds mean that State actors must struggle to maintain their power, joining armed groups in competing for resources and territorial control, and often also engaging in organized crime activities for economic profit.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1381, "Sentence":"More broadly, in some cases, challenges to State strongholds mean that State actors must struggle to maintain their power, joining armed groups in competing for resources and territorial control, and often also engaging in organized crime activities for economic profit.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime broadly case challenge state stronghold mean state actor must struggle maintain power joining armed group competing resource territorial control often also engaging organized crime activity economic profit ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 The relationship between organized crime and armed forces and groups ", "Heading3":"5.2.1 The politicization of crime and criminalization of politics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"When State involvement in criminal activities is indirect, symbiotic relationships can arise with other conflict actors through corruption. Corruption has been widely identified as a major spoiler of peace processes and poses serious risks to the success of DDR processes. Armed groups engaged in organized crime may actively seek political protection and facilitation for their operations, using bribery and the threat of violence and capturing parts of the democratic process to influence progressively higher levels of the State. In some cases, organized crime becomes so pervasive that it \u2018captures\u2019 the State\u2019s public and political spaces. Due to individuals\u2019 positions within the State apparatus, illicit activities may flourish with impunity. State officials who are linked to illicit activities that contribute to violence can exert their political influence and power to sway negotiations and settlements to benefit their dealings, at the expense of sustainable peace. While the criminalization of politics can become a residual legacy of conflict, the subversion of the rule of law and mismanagement of public services may lead to conditions that risk the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1382, "Sentence":"When State involvement in criminal activities is indirect, symbiotic relationships can arise with other conflict actors through corruption.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime state involvement criminal activity indirect symbiotic relationship arise conflict actor corruption ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 The relationship between organized crime and armed forces and groups ", "Heading3":"5.2.1 The politicization of crime and criminalization of politics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"When State involvement in criminal activities is indirect, symbiotic relationships can arise with other conflict actors through corruption. Corruption has been widely identified as a major spoiler of peace processes and poses serious risks to the success of DDR processes. Armed groups engaged in organized crime may actively seek political protection and facilitation for their operations, using bribery and the threat of violence and capturing parts of the democratic process to influence progressively higher levels of the State. In some cases, organized crime becomes so pervasive that it \u2018captures\u2019 the State\u2019s public and political spaces. Due to individuals\u2019 positions within the State apparatus, illicit activities may flourish with impunity. State officials who are linked to illicit activities that contribute to violence can exert their political influence and power to sway negotiations and settlements to benefit their dealings, at the expense of sustainable peace. While the criminalization of politics can become a residual legacy of conflict, the subversion of the rule of law and mismanagement of public services may lead to conditions that risk the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1382, "Sentence":"Corruption has been widely identified as a major spoiler of peace processes and poses serious risks to the success of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime corruption widely identified major spoiler peace process pose serious risk success ddr process ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 The relationship between organized crime and armed forces and groups ", "Heading3":"5.2.1 The politicization of crime and criminalization of politics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"When State involvement in criminal activities is indirect, symbiotic relationships can arise with other conflict actors through corruption. Corruption has been widely identified as a major spoiler of peace processes and poses serious risks to the success of DDR processes. Armed groups engaged in organized crime may actively seek political protection and facilitation for their operations, using bribery and the threat of violence and capturing parts of the democratic process to influence progressively higher levels of the State. In some cases, organized crime becomes so pervasive that it \u2018captures\u2019 the State\u2019s public and political spaces. Due to individuals\u2019 positions within the State apparatus, illicit activities may flourish with impunity. State officials who are linked to illicit activities that contribute to violence can exert their political influence and power to sway negotiations and settlements to benefit their dealings, at the expense of sustainable peace. While the criminalization of politics can become a residual legacy of conflict, the subversion of the rule of law and mismanagement of public services may lead to conditions that risk the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1382, "Sentence":"Armed groups engaged in organized crime may actively seek political protection and facilitation for their operations, using bribery and the threat of violence and capturing parts of the democratic process to influence progressively higher levels of the State.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime armed group engaged organized crime may actively seek political protection facilitation operation using bribery threat violence capturing part democratic process influence progressively higher level state ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 The relationship between organized crime and armed forces and groups ", "Heading3":"5.2.1 The politicization of crime and criminalization of politics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"When State involvement in criminal activities is indirect, symbiotic relationships can arise with other conflict actors through corruption. Corruption has been widely identified as a major spoiler of peace processes and poses serious risks to the success of DDR processes. Armed groups engaged in organized crime may actively seek political protection and facilitation for their operations, using bribery and the threat of violence and capturing parts of the democratic process to influence progressively higher levels of the State. In some cases, organized crime becomes so pervasive that it \u2018captures\u2019 the State\u2019s public and political spaces. Due to individuals\u2019 positions within the State apparatus, illicit activities may flourish with impunity. State officials who are linked to illicit activities that contribute to violence can exert their political influence and power to sway negotiations and settlements to benefit their dealings, at the expense of sustainable peace. While the criminalization of politics can become a residual legacy of conflict, the subversion of the rule of law and mismanagement of public services may lead to conditions that risk the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1382, "Sentence":"In some cases, organized crime becomes so pervasive that it \u2018captures\u2019 the State\u2019s public and political spaces.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime case organized crime becomes pervasive \u2018 capture \u2019 state \u2019 public political space ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 The relationship between organized crime and armed forces and groups ", "Heading3":"5.2.1 The politicization of crime and criminalization of politics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"When State involvement in criminal activities is indirect, symbiotic relationships can arise with other conflict actors through corruption. Corruption has been widely identified as a major spoiler of peace processes and poses serious risks to the success of DDR processes. Armed groups engaged in organized crime may actively seek political protection and facilitation for their operations, using bribery and the threat of violence and capturing parts of the democratic process to influence progressively higher levels of the State. In some cases, organized crime becomes so pervasive that it \u2018captures\u2019 the State\u2019s public and political spaces. Due to individuals\u2019 positions within the State apparatus, illicit activities may flourish with impunity. State officials who are linked to illicit activities that contribute to violence can exert their political influence and power to sway negotiations and settlements to benefit their dealings, at the expense of sustainable peace. While the criminalization of politics can become a residual legacy of conflict, the subversion of the rule of law and mismanagement of public services may lead to conditions that risk the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1382, "Sentence":"Due to individuals\u2019 positions within the State apparatus, illicit activities may flourish with impunity.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime due individual \u2019 position within state apparatus illicit activity may flourish impunity ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 The relationship between organized crime and armed forces and groups ", "Heading3":"5.2.1 The politicization of crime and criminalization of politics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"When State involvement in criminal activities is indirect, symbiotic relationships can arise with other conflict actors through corruption. Corruption has been widely identified as a major spoiler of peace processes and poses serious risks to the success of DDR processes. Armed groups engaged in organized crime may actively seek political protection and facilitation for their operations, using bribery and the threat of violence and capturing parts of the democratic process to influence progressively higher levels of the State. In some cases, organized crime becomes so pervasive that it \u2018captures\u2019 the State\u2019s public and political spaces. Due to individuals\u2019 positions within the State apparatus, illicit activities may flourish with impunity. State officials who are linked to illicit activities that contribute to violence can exert their political influence and power to sway negotiations and settlements to benefit their dealings, at the expense of sustainable peace. While the criminalization of politics can become a residual legacy of conflict, the subversion of the rule of law and mismanagement of public services may lead to conditions that risk the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1382, "Sentence":"State officials who are linked to illicit activities that contribute to violence can exert their political influence and power to sway negotiations and settlements to benefit their dealings, at the expense of sustainable peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime state official linked illicit activity contribute violence exert political influence power sway negotiation settlement benefit dealing expense sustainable peace ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 The relationship between organized crime and armed forces and groups ", "Heading3":"5.2.1 The politicization of crime and criminalization of politics", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"When State involvement in criminal activities is indirect, symbiotic relationships can arise with other conflict actors through corruption. Corruption has been widely identified as a major spoiler of peace processes and poses serious risks to the success of DDR processes. Armed groups engaged in organized crime may actively seek political protection and facilitation for their operations, using bribery and the threat of violence and capturing parts of the democratic process to influence progressively higher levels of the State. In some cases, organized crime becomes so pervasive that it \u2018captures\u2019 the State\u2019s public and political spaces. Due to individuals\u2019 positions within the State apparatus, illicit activities may flourish with impunity. State officials who are linked to illicit activities that contribute to violence can exert their political influence and power to sway negotiations and settlements to benefit their dealings, at the expense of sustainable peace. While the criminalization of politics can become a residual legacy of conflict, the subversion of the rule of law and mismanagement of public services may lead to conditions that risk the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1382, "Sentence":"While the criminalization of politics can become a residual legacy of conflict, the subversion of the rule of law and mismanagement of public services may lead to conditions that risk the recurrence of conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime criminalization politics become residual legacy conflict subversion rule law mismanagement public service may lead condition risk recurrence conflict ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime supporting ddr process organization governed respective constituent instrument specific mandate applicable internal rule policy procedure ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr also supported within context broader international legal framework contains right obligation must adhered implementation ddr ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime applicable legal framework considered every stage ddr process planning execution evaluation case legal architecture counter organized crime may supersede ddr policy framework ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime failure abide applicable legal framework may result consequence un national institution individual ddr practitioner involved success ddr process whole.within context organized crime armed conflict ddr practitioner must consider national well international legal framework pertain organized crime conflict postconflict setting order understand may apply combatant person associated armed force group engaged criminal activity ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime \u2018 organized crime \u2019 remains undefined number related international instrument define concept specific manifestation organized crime form legal framework upon intervention obligation based refer annex b list key instruments.a country \u2019 international obligation put forth instrument usually translated domestic legislation ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime domestic legal framework organized crime may differ treatment organized crime across state ratifying international instrument state required align national legislation international standard ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime given ddr process carried within jurisdiction state ddr practitioner aware international instrument state ddr taking place ratified may impact implementation ddr process particularly determining eligibility ddr participants.as preliminary obligation ddr practitioner shall respect national law host state turn must comply standard set forth international legal framework organized crime corruption terrorism well international humanitarian human right law ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime example participation criminal activity certain former member armed force group may limit participation ddr process outlined state \u2019 penal code criminal procedure code ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime moreover crime form human trafficking committed excombatants person formerly associated armed force group egregious constitute crime humanity war crime gross violation human right participation ddr process must excluded international humanitarian law.in case armed force engaged criminal activity amounting serious crime international law duty every state exercise criminal jurisdiction responsible ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner shall facilitate violation international human right law international humanitarian law host state including arbitrary deprivation liberty unlawful confinement surveillance\/maintaining watchlists participant ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner aware local international mechanism achieving justice accountability ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime moreover longestablished policy un endorse provision transitional justice process include amnesty genocide war crime crime humanity gross violation human right see iddrs 6.10 ddr security sector reform iddrs 6.20 ddr transitional justice ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime therefore concern regarding obligation respect host state \u2019 law activity ddr practitioner ddr practitioner shall seek legal advice competent legal office human right office ddr process may need adjusted ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr.ddr process may also impacted security council sanction regime ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime targeted sanction individual group entity utilized un address threat international peace security including threat organized crime armed group ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner aware relevant sanction regime particularly arm embargo measure may restrict option available disarmament transitional weapon ammunition management activity limit eligibility participation ddr process restrict provision financial support ddr participant ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"(For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.)", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information refer iddrs 4.10 disarmament iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammunition management ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime sanction regime unique ddr practitioner shall aware applicable armed group seek legal advice whether listed individual group indeed eligible participate ddr processes.for example security council committee concerning isil da \u2019 esh alqaida associated individual group undertaking entity established pursuant resolution 1267 1999 1989 2011 2253 2015 sanction committee security council list individual group association terrorism ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner shall aware donor state may also designate group terrorist \u2018 national listing \u2019 ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner consult legal adviser implication terrorist listing may planning implementation ddr process including whether group designated un security council regional organization host state state supporting ddr process well whether host donor state criminalizes provision support terrorist line applicable international counterterrorism requirement ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Relevant frameworks and approaches to combat organized crime during conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"In supporting DDR processes, organizations are governed by their respective constituent instruments; specific mandates; and applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also supported within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that must be adhered to in the implementation of DDR. As such, the applicable legal frameworks should be considered at every stage of the DDR process, from planning to execution and evaluation, and, in some cases, the legal architecture to counter organized crime may supersede DDR policies and frameworks. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN, national institutions, the individual DDR practitioners involved and the success of the DDR process as a whole.Within the context of organized crime and armed conflict, DDR practitioners must consider national as well as international legal frameworks that pertain to organized crime, in both conflict and post-conflict settings, in order to understand how they may apply to combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups who have engaged in criminal activities. While \u2018organized crime\u2019 itself remains undefined, a number of related international instruments that define concepts and specific manifestations of organized crime form the legal framework upon which interventions and obligations are based (refer to Annex B for a list of key instruments).A country\u2019s international obligations put forth by these instruments are usually translated into domestic legislation. While domestic legal frameworks on organized crime may differ in the treatment of organized crime across States, by ratifying international instruments, States are required to align their national legislation with international standards. Given that DDR processes are carried out within the jurisdiction of a State, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international instruments that the State in which DDR is taking place has ratified and how these may impact the implementation of DDR processes, particularly when determining the eligibility of DDR participants.As a preliminary obligation, DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State, which in turn must comply with standards set forth by the international legal framework on organized crime, corruption and terrorism as well as international humanitarian and human rights laws. For example, participation in criminal activities by certain former members of armed forces and groups may limit their participation in DDR processes, as outlined in a State\u2019s penal code and criminal procedure codes. Moreover, where crimes (such as forms of human trafficking) committed by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups are so egregious as to constitute crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights, their participation in DDR processes must be excluded by international humanitarian law.In cases where armed forces have engaged in criminal activities amounting to the most serious crimes under international law, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible. DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law by the host State, including arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement, or surveillance\/maintaining watchlists of participants. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability. Moreover, it is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Therefore, if there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner shall seek legal advice from the competent legal office and human rights office, and DDR processes may need to be adjusted. For further information, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.DDR processes may also be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. Targeted sanctions against individuals, groups and entities have been utilized by the UN to address threats to international peace and security, including the threat of organized crime by armed groups. DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, particularly arms embargo measures that may restrict the options available during disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunitions management activities, limit eligibility for participation in DDR processes and restrict the provision of financial support to DDR participants. (For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.) While each sanctions regime is unique, DDR practitioners shall be aware of those applicable to armed groups and seek legal advice about whether listed individuals or groups can indeed be eligible to participate in DDR processes.For example, the Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities, established pursuant to Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015), is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. DDR practitioners shall be further aware that donor States may also designate groups as terrorists through \u2018national listings\u2019. DDR practitioners should consult their legal adviser on the implications a terrorist listing may have for the planning or implementation of DDR processes, including whether the group was designated by the UN Security Council, a regional organization, the host State or a State supporting the DDR process, as well as whether the host or a donor State criminalizes the provision of support to terrorists, in line with applicable international counter-terrorism requirements. For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1383, "Sentence":"For an overview of the legal framework related to DDR more generally, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime overview legal framework related ddr generally see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Implications for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The crime-conflict nexus shall be considered by DDR practitioners as they contemplate engagement and ultimately determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether law enforcement interventions and\/or criminal justice mechanisms are better suited to the context.In order to develop successful DDR processes, DDR practitioners should assess whether participants\u2019 involvement in criminal economies came about as a function of war or as part of broader economic or social dynamics. During DDR processes, incentives for combatants to disarm and demobilize may be insufficient if they control access to lucrative resources and have well-established informal taxation regimes that depend upon the continued threat or use of violence.12 Regardless of whether conflict is ongoing or has ended, if these economic motives are not addressed, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in criminal activities increases.Likewise, DDR processes that do not consider social and political motives risk failure. Participation in DDR processes may decrease if members of armed forces and groups feel that they will lose social and political status in their communities by disarming and demobilizing, or if they fear retaliation against themselves and their families for abandoning armed forces and groups who engage in criminal activities. Similarly, communities themselves may be reluctant to accept and trust DDR processes if they feel that such efforts mean losing protection and stability. In such cases, public information can play an important role in supporting DDR processes, by helping to raise awareness of what the DDR process involves and the opportunities available to leave behind illicit economies. For further information, see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR.Moreover, the type of illicit economy can influence local perspectives. For example, labour- intensive illicit economies, such as the cultivation of drug crops or artisanal mining of natural resources including metals and minerals, but also logging and fishing, can easily employ hundreds of thousands to millions of people in a particular locale.13 In these instances, DDR processes that work to remove involvement in what can be \u2018positive\u2019 illicit activities may be unsuccessful if no alternative economic opportunities are offered, and a better route may be to support the formalization and regulation of the relevant sectors.Additionally, the interaction between organized crime and armed conflict is a fundamentally gendered phenomenon, affecting men and women differently in both conflict and post-conflict settings. Although notions of masculinity may be more frequently associated with engagement in organized crime, and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination on the basis of gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more frequently victims of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced.14 They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return, leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support.At the same time, men and boys who are trafficked, either through sexual exploitation or otherwise, may face a different set of challenges based on perceived emasculation. In addition to economic difficulties, they may face stigma in communities who may not view them as victims at all. DDR processes should therefore follow an intersectional and gender-based approach in providing social, economic and psychological services to former members of armed forces and groups. For example, providing reintegration opportunities specific to female or male DDR participants and beneficiaries that promote equality, independence and a sense of ownership over their futures can have a significant impact on social, psychological and economic well-being.Finally, given that DDR processes are guided by national and local policies, DDR practitioners should bear in mind the role that crime can play in the politics of the countries in which they operate. Even if ex-combatants lay down their arms, they may retain their links to organized crime. In some cases, participation in DDR may be predicated on the condition that ex- combatants engaged in criminal activities are offered positions in the political sphere. This condition risks embedding criminality in the State apparatus. Moreover, for certain types of organized crime, amnesties cannot be granted, as serious human rights violations may have taken place, as in the case of human trafficking. DDR processes must form part of a wider response to strengthening institutions, building resilience towards corruption, strengthening the rule of law, and fostering good governance, which can, in turn, prevent the conditions that may contribute to the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1384, "Sentence":"The crime-conflict nexus shall be considered by DDR practitioners as they contemplate engagement and ultimately determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether law enforcement interventions and\/or criminal justice mechanisms are better suited to the context.In order to develop successful DDR processes, DDR practitioners should assess whether participants\u2019 involvement in criminal economies came about as a function of war or as part of broader economic or social dynamics.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime crimeconflict nexus shall considered ddr practitioner contemplate engagement ultimately determine whether ddr appropriate response whether law enforcement intervention and\/or criminal justice mechanism better suited context.in order develop successful ddr process ddr practitioner ass whether participant \u2019 involvement criminal economy came function war part broader economic social dynamic ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Implications for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The crime-conflict nexus shall be considered by DDR practitioners as they contemplate engagement and ultimately determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether law enforcement interventions and\/or criminal justice mechanisms are better suited to the context.In order to develop successful DDR processes, DDR practitioners should assess whether participants\u2019 involvement in criminal economies came about as a function of war or as part of broader economic or social dynamics. During DDR processes, incentives for combatants to disarm and demobilize may be insufficient if they control access to lucrative resources and have well-established informal taxation regimes that depend upon the continued threat or use of violence.12 Regardless of whether conflict is ongoing or has ended, if these economic motives are not addressed, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in criminal activities increases.Likewise, DDR processes that do not consider social and political motives risk failure. Participation in DDR processes may decrease if members of armed forces and groups feel that they will lose social and political status in their communities by disarming and demobilizing, or if they fear retaliation against themselves and their families for abandoning armed forces and groups who engage in criminal activities. Similarly, communities themselves may be reluctant to accept and trust DDR processes if they feel that such efforts mean losing protection and stability. In such cases, public information can play an important role in supporting DDR processes, by helping to raise awareness of what the DDR process involves and the opportunities available to leave behind illicit economies. For further information, see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR.Moreover, the type of illicit economy can influence local perspectives. For example, labour- intensive illicit economies, such as the cultivation of drug crops or artisanal mining of natural resources including metals and minerals, but also logging and fishing, can easily employ hundreds of thousands to millions of people in a particular locale.13 In these instances, DDR processes that work to remove involvement in what can be \u2018positive\u2019 illicit activities may be unsuccessful if no alternative economic opportunities are offered, and a better route may be to support the formalization and regulation of the relevant sectors.Additionally, the interaction between organized crime and armed conflict is a fundamentally gendered phenomenon, affecting men and women differently in both conflict and post-conflict settings. Although notions of masculinity may be more frequently associated with engagement in organized crime, and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination on the basis of gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more frequently victims of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced.14 They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return, leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support.At the same time, men and boys who are trafficked, either through sexual exploitation or otherwise, may face a different set of challenges based on perceived emasculation. In addition to economic difficulties, they may face stigma in communities who may not view them as victims at all. DDR processes should therefore follow an intersectional and gender-based approach in providing social, economic and psychological services to former members of armed forces and groups. For example, providing reintegration opportunities specific to female or male DDR participants and beneficiaries that promote equality, independence and a sense of ownership over their futures can have a significant impact on social, psychological and economic well-being.Finally, given that DDR processes are guided by national and local policies, DDR practitioners should bear in mind the role that crime can play in the politics of the countries in which they operate. Even if ex-combatants lay down their arms, they may retain their links to organized crime. In some cases, participation in DDR may be predicated on the condition that ex- combatants engaged in criminal activities are offered positions in the political sphere. This condition risks embedding criminality in the State apparatus. Moreover, for certain types of organized crime, amnesties cannot be granted, as serious human rights violations may have taken place, as in the case of human trafficking. DDR processes must form part of a wider response to strengthening institutions, building resilience towards corruption, strengthening the rule of law, and fostering good governance, which can, in turn, prevent the conditions that may contribute to the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1384, "Sentence":"During DDR processes, incentives for combatants to disarm and demobilize may be insufficient if they control access to lucrative resources and have well-established informal taxation regimes that depend upon the continued threat or use of violence.12 Regardless of whether conflict is ongoing or has ended, if these economic motives are not addressed, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in criminal activities increases.Likewise, DDR processes that do not consider social and political motives risk failure.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr process incentive combatant disarm demobilize may insufficient control access lucrative resource wellestablished informal taxation regime depend upon continued threat use violence.12 regardless whether conflict ongoing ended economic motif addressed risk former member armed force group reengage criminal activity increases.likewise ddr process consider social political motif risk failure ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Implications for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The crime-conflict nexus shall be considered by DDR practitioners as they contemplate engagement and ultimately determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether law enforcement interventions and\/or criminal justice mechanisms are better suited to the context.In order to develop successful DDR processes, DDR practitioners should assess whether participants\u2019 involvement in criminal economies came about as a function of war or as part of broader economic or social dynamics. During DDR processes, incentives for combatants to disarm and demobilize may be insufficient if they control access to lucrative resources and have well-established informal taxation regimes that depend upon the continued threat or use of violence.12 Regardless of whether conflict is ongoing or has ended, if these economic motives are not addressed, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in criminal activities increases.Likewise, DDR processes that do not consider social and political motives risk failure. Participation in DDR processes may decrease if members of armed forces and groups feel that they will lose social and political status in their communities by disarming and demobilizing, or if they fear retaliation against themselves and their families for abandoning armed forces and groups who engage in criminal activities. Similarly, communities themselves may be reluctant to accept and trust DDR processes if they feel that such efforts mean losing protection and stability. In such cases, public information can play an important role in supporting DDR processes, by helping to raise awareness of what the DDR process involves and the opportunities available to leave behind illicit economies. For further information, see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR.Moreover, the type of illicit economy can influence local perspectives. For example, labour- intensive illicit economies, such as the cultivation of drug crops or artisanal mining of natural resources including metals and minerals, but also logging and fishing, can easily employ hundreds of thousands to millions of people in a particular locale.13 In these instances, DDR processes that work to remove involvement in what can be \u2018positive\u2019 illicit activities may be unsuccessful if no alternative economic opportunities are offered, and a better route may be to support the formalization and regulation of the relevant sectors.Additionally, the interaction between organized crime and armed conflict is a fundamentally gendered phenomenon, affecting men and women differently in both conflict and post-conflict settings. Although notions of masculinity may be more frequently associated with engagement in organized crime, and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination on the basis of gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more frequently victims of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced.14 They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return, leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support.At the same time, men and boys who are trafficked, either through sexual exploitation or otherwise, may face a different set of challenges based on perceived emasculation. In addition to economic difficulties, they may face stigma in communities who may not view them as victims at all. DDR processes should therefore follow an intersectional and gender-based approach in providing social, economic and psychological services to former members of armed forces and groups. For example, providing reintegration opportunities specific to female or male DDR participants and beneficiaries that promote equality, independence and a sense of ownership over their futures can have a significant impact on social, psychological and economic well-being.Finally, given that DDR processes are guided by national and local policies, DDR practitioners should bear in mind the role that crime can play in the politics of the countries in which they operate. Even if ex-combatants lay down their arms, they may retain their links to organized crime. In some cases, participation in DDR may be predicated on the condition that ex- combatants engaged in criminal activities are offered positions in the political sphere. This condition risks embedding criminality in the State apparatus. Moreover, for certain types of organized crime, amnesties cannot be granted, as serious human rights violations may have taken place, as in the case of human trafficking. DDR processes must form part of a wider response to strengthening institutions, building resilience towards corruption, strengthening the rule of law, and fostering good governance, which can, in turn, prevent the conditions that may contribute to the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1384, "Sentence":"Participation in DDR processes may decrease if members of armed forces and groups feel that they will lose social and political status in their communities by disarming and demobilizing, or if they fear retaliation against themselves and their families for abandoning armed forces and groups who engage in criminal activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime participation ddr process may decrease member armed force group feel lose social political status community disarming demobilizing fear retaliation family abandoning armed force group engage criminal activity ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Implications for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The crime-conflict nexus shall be considered by DDR practitioners as they contemplate engagement and ultimately determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether law enforcement interventions and\/or criminal justice mechanisms are better suited to the context.In order to develop successful DDR processes, DDR practitioners should assess whether participants\u2019 involvement in criminal economies came about as a function of war or as part of broader economic or social dynamics. During DDR processes, incentives for combatants to disarm and demobilize may be insufficient if they control access to lucrative resources and have well-established informal taxation regimes that depend upon the continued threat or use of violence.12 Regardless of whether conflict is ongoing or has ended, if these economic motives are not addressed, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in criminal activities increases.Likewise, DDR processes that do not consider social and political motives risk failure. Participation in DDR processes may decrease if members of armed forces and groups feel that they will lose social and political status in their communities by disarming and demobilizing, or if they fear retaliation against themselves and their families for abandoning armed forces and groups who engage in criminal activities. Similarly, communities themselves may be reluctant to accept and trust DDR processes if they feel that such efforts mean losing protection and stability. In such cases, public information can play an important role in supporting DDR processes, by helping to raise awareness of what the DDR process involves and the opportunities available to leave behind illicit economies. For further information, see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR.Moreover, the type of illicit economy can influence local perspectives. For example, labour- intensive illicit economies, such as the cultivation of drug crops or artisanal mining of natural resources including metals and minerals, but also logging and fishing, can easily employ hundreds of thousands to millions of people in a particular locale.13 In these instances, DDR processes that work to remove involvement in what can be \u2018positive\u2019 illicit activities may be unsuccessful if no alternative economic opportunities are offered, and a better route may be to support the formalization and regulation of the relevant sectors.Additionally, the interaction between organized crime and armed conflict is a fundamentally gendered phenomenon, affecting men and women differently in both conflict and post-conflict settings. Although notions of masculinity may be more frequently associated with engagement in organized crime, and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination on the basis of gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more frequently victims of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced.14 They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return, leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support.At the same time, men and boys who are trafficked, either through sexual exploitation or otherwise, may face a different set of challenges based on perceived emasculation. In addition to economic difficulties, they may face stigma in communities who may not view them as victims at all. DDR processes should therefore follow an intersectional and gender-based approach in providing social, economic and psychological services to former members of armed forces and groups. For example, providing reintegration opportunities specific to female or male DDR participants and beneficiaries that promote equality, independence and a sense of ownership over their futures can have a significant impact on social, psychological and economic well-being.Finally, given that DDR processes are guided by national and local policies, DDR practitioners should bear in mind the role that crime can play in the politics of the countries in which they operate. Even if ex-combatants lay down their arms, they may retain their links to organized crime. In some cases, participation in DDR may be predicated on the condition that ex- combatants engaged in criminal activities are offered positions in the political sphere. This condition risks embedding criminality in the State apparatus. Moreover, for certain types of organized crime, amnesties cannot be granted, as serious human rights violations may have taken place, as in the case of human trafficking. DDR processes must form part of a wider response to strengthening institutions, building resilience towards corruption, strengthening the rule of law, and fostering good governance, which can, in turn, prevent the conditions that may contribute to the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1384, "Sentence":"Similarly, communities themselves may be reluctant to accept and trust DDR processes if they feel that such efforts mean losing protection and stability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime similarly community may reluctant accept trust ddr process feel effort mean losing protection stability ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Implications for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The crime-conflict nexus shall be considered by DDR practitioners as they contemplate engagement and ultimately determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether law enforcement interventions and\/or criminal justice mechanisms are better suited to the context.In order to develop successful DDR processes, DDR practitioners should assess whether participants\u2019 involvement in criminal economies came about as a function of war or as part of broader economic or social dynamics. During DDR processes, incentives for combatants to disarm and demobilize may be insufficient if they control access to lucrative resources and have well-established informal taxation regimes that depend upon the continued threat or use of violence.12 Regardless of whether conflict is ongoing or has ended, if these economic motives are not addressed, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in criminal activities increases.Likewise, DDR processes that do not consider social and political motives risk failure. Participation in DDR processes may decrease if members of armed forces and groups feel that they will lose social and political status in their communities by disarming and demobilizing, or if they fear retaliation against themselves and their families for abandoning armed forces and groups who engage in criminal activities. Similarly, communities themselves may be reluctant to accept and trust DDR processes if they feel that such efforts mean losing protection and stability. In such cases, public information can play an important role in supporting DDR processes, by helping to raise awareness of what the DDR process involves and the opportunities available to leave behind illicit economies. For further information, see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR.Moreover, the type of illicit economy can influence local perspectives. For example, labour- intensive illicit economies, such as the cultivation of drug crops or artisanal mining of natural resources including metals and minerals, but also logging and fishing, can easily employ hundreds of thousands to millions of people in a particular locale.13 In these instances, DDR processes that work to remove involvement in what can be \u2018positive\u2019 illicit activities may be unsuccessful if no alternative economic opportunities are offered, and a better route may be to support the formalization and regulation of the relevant sectors.Additionally, the interaction between organized crime and armed conflict is a fundamentally gendered phenomenon, affecting men and women differently in both conflict and post-conflict settings. Although notions of masculinity may be more frequently associated with engagement in organized crime, and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination on the basis of gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more frequently victims of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced.14 They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return, leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support.At the same time, men and boys who are trafficked, either through sexual exploitation or otherwise, may face a different set of challenges based on perceived emasculation. In addition to economic difficulties, they may face stigma in communities who may not view them as victims at all. DDR processes should therefore follow an intersectional and gender-based approach in providing social, economic and psychological services to former members of armed forces and groups. For example, providing reintegration opportunities specific to female or male DDR participants and beneficiaries that promote equality, independence and a sense of ownership over their futures can have a significant impact on social, psychological and economic well-being.Finally, given that DDR processes are guided by national and local policies, DDR practitioners should bear in mind the role that crime can play in the politics of the countries in which they operate. Even if ex-combatants lay down their arms, they may retain their links to organized crime. In some cases, participation in DDR may be predicated on the condition that ex- combatants engaged in criminal activities are offered positions in the political sphere. This condition risks embedding criminality in the State apparatus. Moreover, for certain types of organized crime, amnesties cannot be granted, as serious human rights violations may have taken place, as in the case of human trafficking. DDR processes must form part of a wider response to strengthening institutions, building resilience towards corruption, strengthening the rule of law, and fostering good governance, which can, in turn, prevent the conditions that may contribute to the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1384, "Sentence":"In such cases, public information can play an important role in supporting DDR processes, by helping to raise awareness of what the DDR process involves and the opportunities available to leave behind illicit economies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime case public information play important role supporting ddr process helping raise awareness ddr process involves opportunity available leave behind illicit economy ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Implications for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The crime-conflict nexus shall be considered by DDR practitioners as they contemplate engagement and ultimately determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether law enforcement interventions and\/or criminal justice mechanisms are better suited to the context.In order to develop successful DDR processes, DDR practitioners should assess whether participants\u2019 involvement in criminal economies came about as a function of war or as part of broader economic or social dynamics. During DDR processes, incentives for combatants to disarm and demobilize may be insufficient if they control access to lucrative resources and have well-established informal taxation regimes that depend upon the continued threat or use of violence.12 Regardless of whether conflict is ongoing or has ended, if these economic motives are not addressed, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in criminal activities increases.Likewise, DDR processes that do not consider social and political motives risk failure. Participation in DDR processes may decrease if members of armed forces and groups feel that they will lose social and political status in their communities by disarming and demobilizing, or if they fear retaliation against themselves and their families for abandoning armed forces and groups who engage in criminal activities. Similarly, communities themselves may be reluctant to accept and trust DDR processes if they feel that such efforts mean losing protection and stability. In such cases, public information can play an important role in supporting DDR processes, by helping to raise awareness of what the DDR process involves and the opportunities available to leave behind illicit economies. For further information, see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR.Moreover, the type of illicit economy can influence local perspectives. For example, labour- intensive illicit economies, such as the cultivation of drug crops or artisanal mining of natural resources including metals and minerals, but also logging and fishing, can easily employ hundreds of thousands to millions of people in a particular locale.13 In these instances, DDR processes that work to remove involvement in what can be \u2018positive\u2019 illicit activities may be unsuccessful if no alternative economic opportunities are offered, and a better route may be to support the formalization and regulation of the relevant sectors.Additionally, the interaction between organized crime and armed conflict is a fundamentally gendered phenomenon, affecting men and women differently in both conflict and post-conflict settings. Although notions of masculinity may be more frequently associated with engagement in organized crime, and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination on the basis of gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more frequently victims of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced.14 They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return, leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support.At the same time, men and boys who are trafficked, either through sexual exploitation or otherwise, may face a different set of challenges based on perceived emasculation. In addition to economic difficulties, they may face stigma in communities who may not view them as victims at all. DDR processes should therefore follow an intersectional and gender-based approach in providing social, economic and psychological services to former members of armed forces and groups. For example, providing reintegration opportunities specific to female or male DDR participants and beneficiaries that promote equality, independence and a sense of ownership over their futures can have a significant impact on social, psychological and economic well-being.Finally, given that DDR processes are guided by national and local policies, DDR practitioners should bear in mind the role that crime can play in the politics of the countries in which they operate. Even if ex-combatants lay down their arms, they may retain their links to organized crime. In some cases, participation in DDR may be predicated on the condition that ex- combatants engaged in criminal activities are offered positions in the political sphere. This condition risks embedding criminality in the State apparatus. Moreover, for certain types of organized crime, amnesties cannot be granted, as serious human rights violations may have taken place, as in the case of human trafficking. DDR processes must form part of a wider response to strengthening institutions, building resilience towards corruption, strengthening the rule of law, and fostering good governance, which can, in turn, prevent the conditions that may contribute to the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1384, "Sentence":"For further information, see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR.Moreover, the type of illicit economy can influence local perspectives.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information see iddrs 4.60 public information strategic communication support ddr.moreover type illicit economy influence local perspective ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Implications for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The crime-conflict nexus shall be considered by DDR practitioners as they contemplate engagement and ultimately determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether law enforcement interventions and\/or criminal justice mechanisms are better suited to the context.In order to develop successful DDR processes, DDR practitioners should assess whether participants\u2019 involvement in criminal economies came about as a function of war or as part of broader economic or social dynamics. During DDR processes, incentives for combatants to disarm and demobilize may be insufficient if they control access to lucrative resources and have well-established informal taxation regimes that depend upon the continued threat or use of violence.12 Regardless of whether conflict is ongoing or has ended, if these economic motives are not addressed, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in criminal activities increases.Likewise, DDR processes that do not consider social and political motives risk failure. Participation in DDR processes may decrease if members of armed forces and groups feel that they will lose social and political status in their communities by disarming and demobilizing, or if they fear retaliation against themselves and their families for abandoning armed forces and groups who engage in criminal activities. Similarly, communities themselves may be reluctant to accept and trust DDR processes if they feel that such efforts mean losing protection and stability. In such cases, public information can play an important role in supporting DDR processes, by helping to raise awareness of what the DDR process involves and the opportunities available to leave behind illicit economies. For further information, see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR.Moreover, the type of illicit economy can influence local perspectives. For example, labour- intensive illicit economies, such as the cultivation of drug crops or artisanal mining of natural resources including metals and minerals, but also logging and fishing, can easily employ hundreds of thousands to millions of people in a particular locale.13 In these instances, DDR processes that work to remove involvement in what can be \u2018positive\u2019 illicit activities may be unsuccessful if no alternative economic opportunities are offered, and a better route may be to support the formalization and regulation of the relevant sectors.Additionally, the interaction between organized crime and armed conflict is a fundamentally gendered phenomenon, affecting men and women differently in both conflict and post-conflict settings. Although notions of masculinity may be more frequently associated with engagement in organized crime, and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination on the basis of gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more frequently victims of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced.14 They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return, leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support.At the same time, men and boys who are trafficked, either through sexual exploitation or otherwise, may face a different set of challenges based on perceived emasculation. In addition to economic difficulties, they may face stigma in communities who may not view them as victims at all. DDR processes should therefore follow an intersectional and gender-based approach in providing social, economic and psychological services to former members of armed forces and groups. For example, providing reintegration opportunities specific to female or male DDR participants and beneficiaries that promote equality, independence and a sense of ownership over their futures can have a significant impact on social, psychological and economic well-being.Finally, given that DDR processes are guided by national and local policies, DDR practitioners should bear in mind the role that crime can play in the politics of the countries in which they operate. Even if ex-combatants lay down their arms, they may retain their links to organized crime. In some cases, participation in DDR may be predicated on the condition that ex- combatants engaged in criminal activities are offered positions in the political sphere. This condition risks embedding criminality in the State apparatus. Moreover, for certain types of organized crime, amnesties cannot be granted, as serious human rights violations may have taken place, as in the case of human trafficking. DDR processes must form part of a wider response to strengthening institutions, building resilience towards corruption, strengthening the rule of law, and fostering good governance, which can, in turn, prevent the conditions that may contribute to the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1384, "Sentence":"For example, labour- intensive illicit economies, such as the cultivation of drug crops or artisanal mining of natural resources including metals and minerals, but also logging and fishing, can easily employ hundreds of thousands to millions of people in a particular locale.13 In these instances, DDR processes that work to remove involvement in what can be \u2018positive\u2019 illicit activities may be unsuccessful if no alternative economic opportunities are offered, and a better route may be to support the formalization and regulation of the relevant sectors.Additionally, the interaction between organized crime and armed conflict is a fundamentally gendered phenomenon, affecting men and women differently in both conflict and post-conflict settings.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime example labour intensive illicit economy cultivation drug crop artisanal mining natural resource including metal mineral also logging fishing easily employ hundred thousand million people particular locale.13 instance ddr process work remove involvement \u2018 positive \u2019 illicit activity may unsuccessful alternative economic opportunity offered better route may support formalization regulation relevant sectors.additionally interaction organized crime armed conflict fundamentally gendered phenomenon affecting men woman differently conflict postconflict setting ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Implications for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The crime-conflict nexus shall be considered by DDR practitioners as they contemplate engagement and ultimately determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether law enforcement interventions and\/or criminal justice mechanisms are better suited to the context.In order to develop successful DDR processes, DDR practitioners should assess whether participants\u2019 involvement in criminal economies came about as a function of war or as part of broader economic or social dynamics. During DDR processes, incentives for combatants to disarm and demobilize may be insufficient if they control access to lucrative resources and have well-established informal taxation regimes that depend upon the continued threat or use of violence.12 Regardless of whether conflict is ongoing or has ended, if these economic motives are not addressed, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in criminal activities increases.Likewise, DDR processes that do not consider social and political motives risk failure. Participation in DDR processes may decrease if members of armed forces and groups feel that they will lose social and political status in their communities by disarming and demobilizing, or if they fear retaliation against themselves and their families for abandoning armed forces and groups who engage in criminal activities. Similarly, communities themselves may be reluctant to accept and trust DDR processes if they feel that such efforts mean losing protection and stability. In such cases, public information can play an important role in supporting DDR processes, by helping to raise awareness of what the DDR process involves and the opportunities available to leave behind illicit economies. For further information, see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR.Moreover, the type of illicit economy can influence local perspectives. For example, labour- intensive illicit economies, such as the cultivation of drug crops or artisanal mining of natural resources including metals and minerals, but also logging and fishing, can easily employ hundreds of thousands to millions of people in a particular locale.13 In these instances, DDR processes that work to remove involvement in what can be \u2018positive\u2019 illicit activities may be unsuccessful if no alternative economic opportunities are offered, and a better route may be to support the formalization and regulation of the relevant sectors.Additionally, the interaction between organized crime and armed conflict is a fundamentally gendered phenomenon, affecting men and women differently in both conflict and post-conflict settings. Although notions of masculinity may be more frequently associated with engagement in organized crime, and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination on the basis of gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more frequently victims of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced.14 They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return, leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support.At the same time, men and boys who are trafficked, either through sexual exploitation or otherwise, may face a different set of challenges based on perceived emasculation. In addition to economic difficulties, they may face stigma in communities who may not view them as victims at all. DDR processes should therefore follow an intersectional and gender-based approach in providing social, economic and psychological services to former members of armed forces and groups. For example, providing reintegration opportunities specific to female or male DDR participants and beneficiaries that promote equality, independence and a sense of ownership over their futures can have a significant impact on social, psychological and economic well-being.Finally, given that DDR processes are guided by national and local policies, DDR practitioners should bear in mind the role that crime can play in the politics of the countries in which they operate. Even if ex-combatants lay down their arms, they may retain their links to organized crime. In some cases, participation in DDR may be predicated on the condition that ex- combatants engaged in criminal activities are offered positions in the political sphere. This condition risks embedding criminality in the State apparatus. Moreover, for certain types of organized crime, amnesties cannot be granted, as serious human rights violations may have taken place, as in the case of human trafficking. DDR processes must form part of a wider response to strengthening institutions, building resilience towards corruption, strengthening the rule of law, and fostering good governance, which can, in turn, prevent the conditions that may contribute to the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1384, "Sentence":"Although notions of masculinity may be more frequently associated with engagement in organized crime, and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination on the basis of gender from both ex-combatants and communities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime although notion masculinity may frequently associated engagement organized crime male adult youth boy may obviously take part conflict make largest number combatant female engage criminal activity conflict combat noncombat role face discrimination basis gender excombatants community ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Implications for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The crime-conflict nexus shall be considered by DDR practitioners as they contemplate engagement and ultimately determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether law enforcement interventions and\/or criminal justice mechanisms are better suited to the context.In order to develop successful DDR processes, DDR practitioners should assess whether participants\u2019 involvement in criminal economies came about as a function of war or as part of broader economic or social dynamics. During DDR processes, incentives for combatants to disarm and demobilize may be insufficient if they control access to lucrative resources and have well-established informal taxation regimes that depend upon the continued threat or use of violence.12 Regardless of whether conflict is ongoing or has ended, if these economic motives are not addressed, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in criminal activities increases.Likewise, DDR processes that do not consider social and political motives risk failure. Participation in DDR processes may decrease if members of armed forces and groups feel that they will lose social and political status in their communities by disarming and demobilizing, or if they fear retaliation against themselves and their families for abandoning armed forces and groups who engage in criminal activities. Similarly, communities themselves may be reluctant to accept and trust DDR processes if they feel that such efforts mean losing protection and stability. In such cases, public information can play an important role in supporting DDR processes, by helping to raise awareness of what the DDR process involves and the opportunities available to leave behind illicit economies. For further information, see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR.Moreover, the type of illicit economy can influence local perspectives. For example, labour- intensive illicit economies, such as the cultivation of drug crops or artisanal mining of natural resources including metals and minerals, but also logging and fishing, can easily employ hundreds of thousands to millions of people in a particular locale.13 In these instances, DDR processes that work to remove involvement in what can be \u2018positive\u2019 illicit activities may be unsuccessful if no alternative economic opportunities are offered, and a better route may be to support the formalization and regulation of the relevant sectors.Additionally, the interaction between organized crime and armed conflict is a fundamentally gendered phenomenon, affecting men and women differently in both conflict and post-conflict settings. Although notions of masculinity may be more frequently associated with engagement in organized crime, and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination on the basis of gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more frequently victims of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced.14 They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return, leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support.At the same time, men and boys who are trafficked, either through sexual exploitation or otherwise, may face a different set of challenges based on perceived emasculation. In addition to economic difficulties, they may face stigma in communities who may not view them as victims at all. DDR processes should therefore follow an intersectional and gender-based approach in providing social, economic and psychological services to former members of armed forces and groups. For example, providing reintegration opportunities specific to female or male DDR participants and beneficiaries that promote equality, independence and a sense of ownership over their futures can have a significant impact on social, psychological and economic well-being.Finally, given that DDR processes are guided by national and local policies, DDR practitioners should bear in mind the role that crime can play in the politics of the countries in which they operate. Even if ex-combatants lay down their arms, they may retain their links to organized crime. In some cases, participation in DDR may be predicated on the condition that ex- combatants engaged in criminal activities are offered positions in the political sphere. This condition risks embedding criminality in the State apparatus. Moreover, for certain types of organized crime, amnesties cannot be granted, as serious human rights violations may have taken place, as in the case of human trafficking. DDR processes must form part of a wider response to strengthening institutions, building resilience towards corruption, strengthening the rule of law, and fostering good governance, which can, in turn, prevent the conditions that may contribute to the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1384, "Sentence":"Moreover, women are more frequently victims of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced.14 They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return, leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support.At the same time, men and boys who are trafficked, either through sexual exploitation or otherwise, may face a different set of challenges based on perceived emasculation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime moreover woman frequently victim certain form organized crime particularly human trafficking sexual exploitation stigmatized shamed due sexual exploitation experienced.14 may rejected family community upon return leaving opportunity social economic support.at time men boy trafficked either sexual exploitation otherwise may face different set challenge based perceived emasculation ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Implications for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The crime-conflict nexus shall be considered by DDR practitioners as they contemplate engagement and ultimately determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether law enforcement interventions and\/or criminal justice mechanisms are better suited to the context.In order to develop successful DDR processes, DDR practitioners should assess whether participants\u2019 involvement in criminal economies came about as a function of war or as part of broader economic or social dynamics. During DDR processes, incentives for combatants to disarm and demobilize may be insufficient if they control access to lucrative resources and have well-established informal taxation regimes that depend upon the continued threat or use of violence.12 Regardless of whether conflict is ongoing or has ended, if these economic motives are not addressed, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in criminal activities increases.Likewise, DDR processes that do not consider social and political motives risk failure. Participation in DDR processes may decrease if members of armed forces and groups feel that they will lose social and political status in their communities by disarming and demobilizing, or if they fear retaliation against themselves and their families for abandoning armed forces and groups who engage in criminal activities. Similarly, communities themselves may be reluctant to accept and trust DDR processes if they feel that such efforts mean losing protection and stability. In such cases, public information can play an important role in supporting DDR processes, by helping to raise awareness of what the DDR process involves and the opportunities available to leave behind illicit economies. For further information, see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR.Moreover, the type of illicit economy can influence local perspectives. For example, labour- intensive illicit economies, such as the cultivation of drug crops or artisanal mining of natural resources including metals and minerals, but also logging and fishing, can easily employ hundreds of thousands to millions of people in a particular locale.13 In these instances, DDR processes that work to remove involvement in what can be \u2018positive\u2019 illicit activities may be unsuccessful if no alternative economic opportunities are offered, and a better route may be to support the formalization and regulation of the relevant sectors.Additionally, the interaction between organized crime and armed conflict is a fundamentally gendered phenomenon, affecting men and women differently in both conflict and post-conflict settings. Although notions of masculinity may be more frequently associated with engagement in organized crime, and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination on the basis of gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more frequently victims of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced.14 They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return, leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support.At the same time, men and boys who are trafficked, either through sexual exploitation or otherwise, may face a different set of challenges based on perceived emasculation. In addition to economic difficulties, they may face stigma in communities who may not view them as victims at all. DDR processes should therefore follow an intersectional and gender-based approach in providing social, economic and psychological services to former members of armed forces and groups. For example, providing reintegration opportunities specific to female or male DDR participants and beneficiaries that promote equality, independence and a sense of ownership over their futures can have a significant impact on social, psychological and economic well-being.Finally, given that DDR processes are guided by national and local policies, DDR practitioners should bear in mind the role that crime can play in the politics of the countries in which they operate. Even if ex-combatants lay down their arms, they may retain their links to organized crime. In some cases, participation in DDR may be predicated on the condition that ex- combatants engaged in criminal activities are offered positions in the political sphere. This condition risks embedding criminality in the State apparatus. Moreover, for certain types of organized crime, amnesties cannot be granted, as serious human rights violations may have taken place, as in the case of human trafficking. DDR processes must form part of a wider response to strengthening institutions, building resilience towards corruption, strengthening the rule of law, and fostering good governance, which can, in turn, prevent the conditions that may contribute to the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1384, "Sentence":"In addition to economic difficulties, they may face stigma in communities who may not view them as victims at all.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime addition economic difficulty may face stigma community may view victim ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Implications for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The crime-conflict nexus shall be considered by DDR practitioners as they contemplate engagement and ultimately determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether law enforcement interventions and\/or criminal justice mechanisms are better suited to the context.In order to develop successful DDR processes, DDR practitioners should assess whether participants\u2019 involvement in criminal economies came about as a function of war or as part of broader economic or social dynamics. During DDR processes, incentives for combatants to disarm and demobilize may be insufficient if they control access to lucrative resources and have well-established informal taxation regimes that depend upon the continued threat or use of violence.12 Regardless of whether conflict is ongoing or has ended, if these economic motives are not addressed, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in criminal activities increases.Likewise, DDR processes that do not consider social and political motives risk failure. Participation in DDR processes may decrease if members of armed forces and groups feel that they will lose social and political status in their communities by disarming and demobilizing, or if they fear retaliation against themselves and their families for abandoning armed forces and groups who engage in criminal activities. Similarly, communities themselves may be reluctant to accept and trust DDR processes if they feel that such efforts mean losing protection and stability. In such cases, public information can play an important role in supporting DDR processes, by helping to raise awareness of what the DDR process involves and the opportunities available to leave behind illicit economies. For further information, see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR.Moreover, the type of illicit economy can influence local perspectives. For example, labour- intensive illicit economies, such as the cultivation of drug crops or artisanal mining of natural resources including metals and minerals, but also logging and fishing, can easily employ hundreds of thousands to millions of people in a particular locale.13 In these instances, DDR processes that work to remove involvement in what can be \u2018positive\u2019 illicit activities may be unsuccessful if no alternative economic opportunities are offered, and a better route may be to support the formalization and regulation of the relevant sectors.Additionally, the interaction between organized crime and armed conflict is a fundamentally gendered phenomenon, affecting men and women differently in both conflict and post-conflict settings. Although notions of masculinity may be more frequently associated with engagement in organized crime, and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination on the basis of gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more frequently victims of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced.14 They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return, leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support.At the same time, men and boys who are trafficked, either through sexual exploitation or otherwise, may face a different set of challenges based on perceived emasculation. In addition to economic difficulties, they may face stigma in communities who may not view them as victims at all. DDR processes should therefore follow an intersectional and gender-based approach in providing social, economic and psychological services to former members of armed forces and groups. For example, providing reintegration opportunities specific to female or male DDR participants and beneficiaries that promote equality, independence and a sense of ownership over their futures can have a significant impact on social, psychological and economic well-being.Finally, given that DDR processes are guided by national and local policies, DDR practitioners should bear in mind the role that crime can play in the politics of the countries in which they operate. Even if ex-combatants lay down their arms, they may retain their links to organized crime. In some cases, participation in DDR may be predicated on the condition that ex- combatants engaged in criminal activities are offered positions in the political sphere. This condition risks embedding criminality in the State apparatus. Moreover, for certain types of organized crime, amnesties cannot be granted, as serious human rights violations may have taken place, as in the case of human trafficking. DDR processes must form part of a wider response to strengthening institutions, building resilience towards corruption, strengthening the rule of law, and fostering good governance, which can, in turn, prevent the conditions that may contribute to the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1384, "Sentence":"DDR processes should therefore follow an intersectional and gender-based approach in providing social, economic and psychological services to former members of armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr process therefore follow intersectional genderbased approach providing social economic psychological service former member armed force group ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Implications for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The crime-conflict nexus shall be considered by DDR practitioners as they contemplate engagement and ultimately determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether law enforcement interventions and\/or criminal justice mechanisms are better suited to the context.In order to develop successful DDR processes, DDR practitioners should assess whether participants\u2019 involvement in criminal economies came about as a function of war or as part of broader economic or social dynamics. During DDR processes, incentives for combatants to disarm and demobilize may be insufficient if they control access to lucrative resources and have well-established informal taxation regimes that depend upon the continued threat or use of violence.12 Regardless of whether conflict is ongoing or has ended, if these economic motives are not addressed, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in criminal activities increases.Likewise, DDR processes that do not consider social and political motives risk failure. Participation in DDR processes may decrease if members of armed forces and groups feel that they will lose social and political status in their communities by disarming and demobilizing, or if they fear retaliation against themselves and their families for abandoning armed forces and groups who engage in criminal activities. Similarly, communities themselves may be reluctant to accept and trust DDR processes if they feel that such efforts mean losing protection and stability. In such cases, public information can play an important role in supporting DDR processes, by helping to raise awareness of what the DDR process involves and the opportunities available to leave behind illicit economies. For further information, see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR.Moreover, the type of illicit economy can influence local perspectives. For example, labour- intensive illicit economies, such as the cultivation of drug crops or artisanal mining of natural resources including metals and minerals, but also logging and fishing, can easily employ hundreds of thousands to millions of people in a particular locale.13 In these instances, DDR processes that work to remove involvement in what can be \u2018positive\u2019 illicit activities may be unsuccessful if no alternative economic opportunities are offered, and a better route may be to support the formalization and regulation of the relevant sectors.Additionally, the interaction between organized crime and armed conflict is a fundamentally gendered phenomenon, affecting men and women differently in both conflict and post-conflict settings. Although notions of masculinity may be more frequently associated with engagement in organized crime, and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination on the basis of gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more frequently victims of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced.14 They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return, leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support.At the same time, men and boys who are trafficked, either through sexual exploitation or otherwise, may face a different set of challenges based on perceived emasculation. In addition to economic difficulties, they may face stigma in communities who may not view them as victims at all. DDR processes should therefore follow an intersectional and gender-based approach in providing social, economic and psychological services to former members of armed forces and groups. For example, providing reintegration opportunities specific to female or male DDR participants and beneficiaries that promote equality, independence and a sense of ownership over their futures can have a significant impact on social, psychological and economic well-being.Finally, given that DDR processes are guided by national and local policies, DDR practitioners should bear in mind the role that crime can play in the politics of the countries in which they operate. Even if ex-combatants lay down their arms, they may retain their links to organized crime. In some cases, participation in DDR may be predicated on the condition that ex- combatants engaged in criminal activities are offered positions in the political sphere. This condition risks embedding criminality in the State apparatus. Moreover, for certain types of organized crime, amnesties cannot be granted, as serious human rights violations may have taken place, as in the case of human trafficking. DDR processes must form part of a wider response to strengthening institutions, building resilience towards corruption, strengthening the rule of law, and fostering good governance, which can, in turn, prevent the conditions that may contribute to the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1384, "Sentence":"For example, providing reintegration opportunities specific to female or male DDR participants and beneficiaries that promote equality, independence and a sense of ownership over their futures can have a significant impact on social, psychological and economic well-being.Finally, given that DDR processes are guided by national and local policies, DDR practitioners should bear in mind the role that crime can play in the politics of the countries in which they operate.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime example providing reintegration opportunity specific female male ddr participant beneficiary promote equality independence sense ownership future significant impact social psychological economic wellbeing.finally given ddr process guided national local policy ddr practitioner bear mind role crime play politics country operate ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Implications for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The crime-conflict nexus shall be considered by DDR practitioners as they contemplate engagement and ultimately determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether law enforcement interventions and\/or criminal justice mechanisms are better suited to the context.In order to develop successful DDR processes, DDR practitioners should assess whether participants\u2019 involvement in criminal economies came about as a function of war or as part of broader economic or social dynamics. During DDR processes, incentives for combatants to disarm and demobilize may be insufficient if they control access to lucrative resources and have well-established informal taxation regimes that depend upon the continued threat or use of violence.12 Regardless of whether conflict is ongoing or has ended, if these economic motives are not addressed, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in criminal activities increases.Likewise, DDR processes that do not consider social and political motives risk failure. Participation in DDR processes may decrease if members of armed forces and groups feel that they will lose social and political status in their communities by disarming and demobilizing, or if they fear retaliation against themselves and their families for abandoning armed forces and groups who engage in criminal activities. Similarly, communities themselves may be reluctant to accept and trust DDR processes if they feel that such efforts mean losing protection and stability. In such cases, public information can play an important role in supporting DDR processes, by helping to raise awareness of what the DDR process involves and the opportunities available to leave behind illicit economies. For further information, see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR.Moreover, the type of illicit economy can influence local perspectives. For example, labour- intensive illicit economies, such as the cultivation of drug crops or artisanal mining of natural resources including metals and minerals, but also logging and fishing, can easily employ hundreds of thousands to millions of people in a particular locale.13 In these instances, DDR processes that work to remove involvement in what can be \u2018positive\u2019 illicit activities may be unsuccessful if no alternative economic opportunities are offered, and a better route may be to support the formalization and regulation of the relevant sectors.Additionally, the interaction between organized crime and armed conflict is a fundamentally gendered phenomenon, affecting men and women differently in both conflict and post-conflict settings. Although notions of masculinity may be more frequently associated with engagement in organized crime, and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination on the basis of gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more frequently victims of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced.14 They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return, leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support.At the same time, men and boys who are trafficked, either through sexual exploitation or otherwise, may face a different set of challenges based on perceived emasculation. In addition to economic difficulties, they may face stigma in communities who may not view them as victims at all. DDR processes should therefore follow an intersectional and gender-based approach in providing social, economic and psychological services to former members of armed forces and groups. For example, providing reintegration opportunities specific to female or male DDR participants and beneficiaries that promote equality, independence and a sense of ownership over their futures can have a significant impact on social, psychological and economic well-being.Finally, given that DDR processes are guided by national and local policies, DDR practitioners should bear in mind the role that crime can play in the politics of the countries in which they operate. Even if ex-combatants lay down their arms, they may retain their links to organized crime. In some cases, participation in DDR may be predicated on the condition that ex- combatants engaged in criminal activities are offered positions in the political sphere. This condition risks embedding criminality in the State apparatus. Moreover, for certain types of organized crime, amnesties cannot be granted, as serious human rights violations may have taken place, as in the case of human trafficking. DDR processes must form part of a wider response to strengthening institutions, building resilience towards corruption, strengthening the rule of law, and fostering good governance, which can, in turn, prevent the conditions that may contribute to the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1384, "Sentence":"Even if ex-combatants lay down their arms, they may retain their links to organized crime.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime even excombatants lay arm may retain link organized crime ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Implications for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The crime-conflict nexus shall be considered by DDR practitioners as they contemplate engagement and ultimately determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether law enforcement interventions and\/or criminal justice mechanisms are better suited to the context.In order to develop successful DDR processes, DDR practitioners should assess whether participants\u2019 involvement in criminal economies came about as a function of war or as part of broader economic or social dynamics. During DDR processes, incentives for combatants to disarm and demobilize may be insufficient if they control access to lucrative resources and have well-established informal taxation regimes that depend upon the continued threat or use of violence.12 Regardless of whether conflict is ongoing or has ended, if these economic motives are not addressed, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in criminal activities increases.Likewise, DDR processes that do not consider social and political motives risk failure. Participation in DDR processes may decrease if members of armed forces and groups feel that they will lose social and political status in their communities by disarming and demobilizing, or if they fear retaliation against themselves and their families for abandoning armed forces and groups who engage in criminal activities. Similarly, communities themselves may be reluctant to accept and trust DDR processes if they feel that such efforts mean losing protection and stability. In such cases, public information can play an important role in supporting DDR processes, by helping to raise awareness of what the DDR process involves and the opportunities available to leave behind illicit economies. For further information, see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR.Moreover, the type of illicit economy can influence local perspectives. For example, labour- intensive illicit economies, such as the cultivation of drug crops or artisanal mining of natural resources including metals and minerals, but also logging and fishing, can easily employ hundreds of thousands to millions of people in a particular locale.13 In these instances, DDR processes that work to remove involvement in what can be \u2018positive\u2019 illicit activities may be unsuccessful if no alternative economic opportunities are offered, and a better route may be to support the formalization and regulation of the relevant sectors.Additionally, the interaction between organized crime and armed conflict is a fundamentally gendered phenomenon, affecting men and women differently in both conflict and post-conflict settings. Although notions of masculinity may be more frequently associated with engagement in organized crime, and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination on the basis of gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more frequently victims of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced.14 They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return, leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support.At the same time, men and boys who are trafficked, either through sexual exploitation or otherwise, may face a different set of challenges based on perceived emasculation. In addition to economic difficulties, they may face stigma in communities who may not view them as victims at all. DDR processes should therefore follow an intersectional and gender-based approach in providing social, economic and psychological services to former members of armed forces and groups. For example, providing reintegration opportunities specific to female or male DDR participants and beneficiaries that promote equality, independence and a sense of ownership over their futures can have a significant impact on social, psychological and economic well-being.Finally, given that DDR processes are guided by national and local policies, DDR practitioners should bear in mind the role that crime can play in the politics of the countries in which they operate. Even if ex-combatants lay down their arms, they may retain their links to organized crime. In some cases, participation in DDR may be predicated on the condition that ex- combatants engaged in criminal activities are offered positions in the political sphere. This condition risks embedding criminality in the State apparatus. Moreover, for certain types of organized crime, amnesties cannot be granted, as serious human rights violations may have taken place, as in the case of human trafficking. DDR processes must form part of a wider response to strengthening institutions, building resilience towards corruption, strengthening the rule of law, and fostering good governance, which can, in turn, prevent the conditions that may contribute to the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1384, "Sentence":"In some cases, participation in DDR may be predicated on the condition that ex- combatants engaged in criminal activities are offered positions in the political sphere.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime case participation ddr may predicated condition ex combatant engaged criminal activity offered position political sphere ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Implications for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The crime-conflict nexus shall be considered by DDR practitioners as they contemplate engagement and ultimately determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether law enforcement interventions and\/or criminal justice mechanisms are better suited to the context.In order to develop successful DDR processes, DDR practitioners should assess whether participants\u2019 involvement in criminal economies came about as a function of war or as part of broader economic or social dynamics. During DDR processes, incentives for combatants to disarm and demobilize may be insufficient if they control access to lucrative resources and have well-established informal taxation regimes that depend upon the continued threat or use of violence.12 Regardless of whether conflict is ongoing or has ended, if these economic motives are not addressed, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in criminal activities increases.Likewise, DDR processes that do not consider social and political motives risk failure. Participation in DDR processes may decrease if members of armed forces and groups feel that they will lose social and political status in their communities by disarming and demobilizing, or if they fear retaliation against themselves and their families for abandoning armed forces and groups who engage in criminal activities. Similarly, communities themselves may be reluctant to accept and trust DDR processes if they feel that such efforts mean losing protection and stability. In such cases, public information can play an important role in supporting DDR processes, by helping to raise awareness of what the DDR process involves and the opportunities available to leave behind illicit economies. For further information, see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR.Moreover, the type of illicit economy can influence local perspectives. For example, labour- intensive illicit economies, such as the cultivation of drug crops or artisanal mining of natural resources including metals and minerals, but also logging and fishing, can easily employ hundreds of thousands to millions of people in a particular locale.13 In these instances, DDR processes that work to remove involvement in what can be \u2018positive\u2019 illicit activities may be unsuccessful if no alternative economic opportunities are offered, and a better route may be to support the formalization and regulation of the relevant sectors.Additionally, the interaction between organized crime and armed conflict is a fundamentally gendered phenomenon, affecting men and women differently in both conflict and post-conflict settings. Although notions of masculinity may be more frequently associated with engagement in organized crime, and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination on the basis of gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more frequently victims of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced.14 They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return, leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support.At the same time, men and boys who are trafficked, either through sexual exploitation or otherwise, may face a different set of challenges based on perceived emasculation. In addition to economic difficulties, they may face stigma in communities who may not view them as victims at all. DDR processes should therefore follow an intersectional and gender-based approach in providing social, economic and psychological services to former members of armed forces and groups. For example, providing reintegration opportunities specific to female or male DDR participants and beneficiaries that promote equality, independence and a sense of ownership over their futures can have a significant impact on social, psychological and economic well-being.Finally, given that DDR processes are guided by national and local policies, DDR practitioners should bear in mind the role that crime can play in the politics of the countries in which they operate. Even if ex-combatants lay down their arms, they may retain their links to organized crime. In some cases, participation in DDR may be predicated on the condition that ex- combatants engaged in criminal activities are offered positions in the political sphere. This condition risks embedding criminality in the State apparatus. Moreover, for certain types of organized crime, amnesties cannot be granted, as serious human rights violations may have taken place, as in the case of human trafficking. DDR processes must form part of a wider response to strengthening institutions, building resilience towards corruption, strengthening the rule of law, and fostering good governance, which can, in turn, prevent the conditions that may contribute to the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1384, "Sentence":"This condition risks embedding criminality in the State apparatus.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime condition risk embedding criminality state apparatus ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Implications for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The crime-conflict nexus shall be considered by DDR practitioners as they contemplate engagement and ultimately determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether law enforcement interventions and\/or criminal justice mechanisms are better suited to the context.In order to develop successful DDR processes, DDR practitioners should assess whether participants\u2019 involvement in criminal economies came about as a function of war or as part of broader economic or social dynamics. During DDR processes, incentives for combatants to disarm and demobilize may be insufficient if they control access to lucrative resources and have well-established informal taxation regimes that depend upon the continued threat or use of violence.12 Regardless of whether conflict is ongoing or has ended, if these economic motives are not addressed, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in criminal activities increases.Likewise, DDR processes that do not consider social and political motives risk failure. Participation in DDR processes may decrease if members of armed forces and groups feel that they will lose social and political status in their communities by disarming and demobilizing, or if they fear retaliation against themselves and their families for abandoning armed forces and groups who engage in criminal activities. Similarly, communities themselves may be reluctant to accept and trust DDR processes if they feel that such efforts mean losing protection and stability. In such cases, public information can play an important role in supporting DDR processes, by helping to raise awareness of what the DDR process involves and the opportunities available to leave behind illicit economies. For further information, see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR.Moreover, the type of illicit economy can influence local perspectives. For example, labour- intensive illicit economies, such as the cultivation of drug crops or artisanal mining of natural resources including metals and minerals, but also logging and fishing, can easily employ hundreds of thousands to millions of people in a particular locale.13 In these instances, DDR processes that work to remove involvement in what can be \u2018positive\u2019 illicit activities may be unsuccessful if no alternative economic opportunities are offered, and a better route may be to support the formalization and regulation of the relevant sectors.Additionally, the interaction between organized crime and armed conflict is a fundamentally gendered phenomenon, affecting men and women differently in both conflict and post-conflict settings. Although notions of masculinity may be more frequently associated with engagement in organized crime, and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination on the basis of gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more frequently victims of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced.14 They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return, leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support.At the same time, men and boys who are trafficked, either through sexual exploitation or otherwise, may face a different set of challenges based on perceived emasculation. In addition to economic difficulties, they may face stigma in communities who may not view them as victims at all. DDR processes should therefore follow an intersectional and gender-based approach in providing social, economic and psychological services to former members of armed forces and groups. For example, providing reintegration opportunities specific to female or male DDR participants and beneficiaries that promote equality, independence and a sense of ownership over their futures can have a significant impact on social, psychological and economic well-being.Finally, given that DDR processes are guided by national and local policies, DDR practitioners should bear in mind the role that crime can play in the politics of the countries in which they operate. Even if ex-combatants lay down their arms, they may retain their links to organized crime. In some cases, participation in DDR may be predicated on the condition that ex- combatants engaged in criminal activities are offered positions in the political sphere. This condition risks embedding criminality in the State apparatus. Moreover, for certain types of organized crime, amnesties cannot be granted, as serious human rights violations may have taken place, as in the case of human trafficking. DDR processes must form part of a wider response to strengthening institutions, building resilience towards corruption, strengthening the rule of law, and fostering good governance, which can, in turn, prevent the conditions that may contribute to the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1384, "Sentence":"Moreover, for certain types of organized crime, amnesties cannot be granted, as serious human rights violations may have taken place, as in the case of human trafficking.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime moreover certain type organized crime amnesty granted serious human right violation may taken place case human trafficking ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"5. Combatting organized crime in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.4 Implications for DDR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The crime-conflict nexus shall be considered by DDR practitioners as they contemplate engagement and ultimately determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether law enforcement interventions and\/or criminal justice mechanisms are better suited to the context.In order to develop successful DDR processes, DDR practitioners should assess whether participants\u2019 involvement in criminal economies came about as a function of war or as part of broader economic or social dynamics. During DDR processes, incentives for combatants to disarm and demobilize may be insufficient if they control access to lucrative resources and have well-established informal taxation regimes that depend upon the continued threat or use of violence.12 Regardless of whether conflict is ongoing or has ended, if these economic motives are not addressed, the risk that former members of armed forces and groups will re-engage in criminal activities increases.Likewise, DDR processes that do not consider social and political motives risk failure. Participation in DDR processes may decrease if members of armed forces and groups feel that they will lose social and political status in their communities by disarming and demobilizing, or if they fear retaliation against themselves and their families for abandoning armed forces and groups who engage in criminal activities. Similarly, communities themselves may be reluctant to accept and trust DDR processes if they feel that such efforts mean losing protection and stability. In such cases, public information can play an important role in supporting DDR processes, by helping to raise awareness of what the DDR process involves and the opportunities available to leave behind illicit economies. For further information, see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR.Moreover, the type of illicit economy can influence local perspectives. For example, labour- intensive illicit economies, such as the cultivation of drug crops or artisanal mining of natural resources including metals and minerals, but also logging and fishing, can easily employ hundreds of thousands to millions of people in a particular locale.13 In these instances, DDR processes that work to remove involvement in what can be \u2018positive\u2019 illicit activities may be unsuccessful if no alternative economic opportunities are offered, and a better route may be to support the formalization and regulation of the relevant sectors.Additionally, the interaction between organized crime and armed conflict is a fundamentally gendered phenomenon, affecting men and women differently in both conflict and post-conflict settings. Although notions of masculinity may be more frequently associated with engagement in organized crime, and males (adults, youth and boys) may more obviously take part in the conflict and make up the largest number of combatants, females who engage in criminal activities and conflict (both in combat and non-combat roles) can face discrimination on the basis of gender from both ex-combatants and communities. Moreover, women are more frequently victims of certain forms of organized crime, particularly human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and can be stigmatized or shamed due to the sexual exploitation they have experienced.14 They may be rejected by their families and communities upon their return, leaving them with few opportunities for social and economic support.At the same time, men and boys who are trafficked, either through sexual exploitation or otherwise, may face a different set of challenges based on perceived emasculation. In addition to economic difficulties, they may face stigma in communities who may not view them as victims at all. DDR processes should therefore follow an intersectional and gender-based approach in providing social, economic and psychological services to former members of armed forces and groups. For example, providing reintegration opportunities specific to female or male DDR participants and beneficiaries that promote equality, independence and a sense of ownership over their futures can have a significant impact on social, psychological and economic well-being.Finally, given that DDR processes are guided by national and local policies, DDR practitioners should bear in mind the role that crime can play in the politics of the countries in which they operate. Even if ex-combatants lay down their arms, they may retain their links to organized crime. In some cases, participation in DDR may be predicated on the condition that ex- combatants engaged in criminal activities are offered positions in the political sphere. This condition risks embedding criminality in the State apparatus. Moreover, for certain types of organized crime, amnesties cannot be granted, as serious human rights violations may have taken place, as in the case of human trafficking. DDR processes must form part of a wider response to strengthening institutions, building resilience towards corruption, strengthening the rule of law, and fostering good governance, which can, in turn, prevent the conditions that may contribute to the recurrence of conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1384, "Sentence":"DDR processes must form part of a wider response to strengthening institutions, building resilience towards corruption, strengthening the rule of law, and fostering good governance, which can, in turn, prevent the conditions that may contribute to the recurrence of conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr process must form part wider response strengthening institution building resilience towards corruption strengthening rule law fostering good governance turn prevent condition may contribute recurrence conflict ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall form part of overall efforts to achieve peace, considering organized crime as an element of the conflict, through a political prism rather than solely an economic one. Illicit economies should be carefully tackled to avoid unintentionally stigmatizing combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and other DDR participants and beneficiaries. Political dynamics and balances of power should also be kept in mind. Given the complexities of organized crime and conflict, there are very few good practices in peace time, let alone during ongoing conflict. Nevertheless, the basis of any DDR processes should centre on a robust analysis of the local context and thorough information gathering on the dynamics of criminality and conflict.The following section provides guidance on integrating organized crime considerations into DDR planning, including in assessments such as conflict, security and political economy analysis.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1385, "Sentence":"DDR processes shall form part of overall efforts to achieve peace, considering organized crime as an element of the conflict, through a political prism rather than solely an economic one.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr process shall form part overall effort achieve peace considering organized crime element conflict political prism rather solely economic one ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall form part of overall efforts to achieve peace, considering organized crime as an element of the conflict, through a political prism rather than solely an economic one. Illicit economies should be carefully tackled to avoid unintentionally stigmatizing combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and other DDR participants and beneficiaries. Political dynamics and balances of power should also be kept in mind. Given the complexities of organized crime and conflict, there are very few good practices in peace time, let alone during ongoing conflict. Nevertheless, the basis of any DDR processes should centre on a robust analysis of the local context and thorough information gathering on the dynamics of criminality and conflict.The following section provides guidance on integrating organized crime considerations into DDR planning, including in assessments such as conflict, security and political economy analysis.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1385, "Sentence":"Illicit economies should be carefully tackled to avoid unintentionally stigmatizing combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and other DDR participants and beneficiaries.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime illicit economy carefully tackled avoid unintentionally stigmatizing combatant person associated armed force group ddr participant beneficiary ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall form part of overall efforts to achieve peace, considering organized crime as an element of the conflict, through a political prism rather than solely an economic one. Illicit economies should be carefully tackled to avoid unintentionally stigmatizing combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and other DDR participants and beneficiaries. Political dynamics and balances of power should also be kept in mind. Given the complexities of organized crime and conflict, there are very few good practices in peace time, let alone during ongoing conflict. Nevertheless, the basis of any DDR processes should centre on a robust analysis of the local context and thorough information gathering on the dynamics of criminality and conflict.The following section provides guidance on integrating organized crime considerations into DDR planning, including in assessments such as conflict, security and political economy analysis.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1385, "Sentence":"Political dynamics and balances of power should also be kept in mind.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime political dynamic balance power also kept mind ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall form part of overall efforts to achieve peace, considering organized crime as an element of the conflict, through a political prism rather than solely an economic one. Illicit economies should be carefully tackled to avoid unintentionally stigmatizing combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and other DDR participants and beneficiaries. Political dynamics and balances of power should also be kept in mind. Given the complexities of organized crime and conflict, there are very few good practices in peace time, let alone during ongoing conflict. Nevertheless, the basis of any DDR processes should centre on a robust analysis of the local context and thorough information gathering on the dynamics of criminality and conflict.The following section provides guidance on integrating organized crime considerations into DDR planning, including in assessments such as conflict, security and political economy analysis.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1385, "Sentence":"Given the complexities of organized crime and conflict, there are very few good practices in peace time, let alone during ongoing conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime given complexity organized crime conflict good practice peace time let alone ongoing conflict ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall form part of overall efforts to achieve peace, considering organized crime as an element of the conflict, through a political prism rather than solely an economic one. Illicit economies should be carefully tackled to avoid unintentionally stigmatizing combatants, persons associated with armed forces and groups, and other DDR participants and beneficiaries. Political dynamics and balances of power should also be kept in mind. Given the complexities of organized crime and conflict, there are very few good practices in peace time, let alone during ongoing conflict. Nevertheless, the basis of any DDR processes should centre on a robust analysis of the local context and thorough information gathering on the dynamics of criminality and conflict.The following section provides guidance on integrating organized crime considerations into DDR planning, including in assessments such as conflict, security and political economy analysis.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1385, "Sentence":"Nevertheless, the basis of any DDR processes should centre on a robust analysis of the local context and thorough information gathering on the dynamics of criminality and conflict.The following section provides guidance on integrating organized crime considerations into DDR planning, including in assessments such as conflict, security and political economy analysis.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime nevertheless basis ddr process centre robust analysis local context thorough information gathering dynamic criminality conflict.the following section provides guidance integrating organized crime consideration ddr planning including assessment conflict security political economy analysis ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime crime conflict postconflict setting mean ddr must planned three major overlapping factor mind nn 1 ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime actor organized crime conflict converge several actor may involved including combatant criminal group well state actor fuelled particular often overlapping motif engagement similar activity ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime moreover blurring motivation whether political social economic mean membership across group may fluid ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime context success sustainability ddr rest treating armed group monolithic entity separate state armed force rather making alliance benefit adopting ruleoflaw procedure ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime labelling legal illegal legitimate illegitimate done state actor normative decision definition privilege state ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime particularly conflict setting state governance weak corrupt contested binary choice good versus bad arbitrary often reflect view population ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime labelling actor organized criminal group potential partner peace process may discouraged engaging become spoiler instead ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"\\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n ddr planning economic social political motif persuade individual partake organized criminal activity identified understood ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner also recognize organized crime conflict affect particular group actor woman child differently ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"\\n\\n 2.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime nn 2 ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime criminal activity type criminal activity given conflict setting may implication planning ddr process ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime organized crime encompasses wide range activity certain criminal market frequently arise conflict setting including illegal exploitation natural resource weapon ammunition trafficking drug trafficking trafficking human being ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime recent conflict also show conflict actor profiting protection extortion payment well kidnapping ransom exploitationbased crime ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"Not all organized crimes are similar in nature.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime organized crime similar nature ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime example organized crime guided personal greed profit others receive local legitimacy address need local community amid infrastructural political collapse ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime instance trafficking licit good subsidized food product form integral part economic livelihood strategy ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime context rather seen criminal conduct activity organized criminal network may viewed way build parallel informal economy greater resilience.15 n number factor relating given criminal economy considered planning ddr process including pervasiveness criminal economy whether evolved conflict violence link criminal activity armed conflict whether criminal activity carried reach threshold serious crime international law linkage organized crime terrorist and\/or terrorist group labour intensiveness criminal activity ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"\\n\\n 3.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime nn 3 ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime context local context serf driver spoiler peacebuilding effort central planning ddr process particularly reintegration ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime social factor including local culture perceived legitimacy criminal activity individual combatant general notion support hostility towards ddr shape way ddr approached ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime moreover understanding broader economic and\/or political environment armed conflict begin end allows ddr practitioner identify entry point potential obstacle projection sustainability ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime although ddr process deal member armed force group rather criminal important understand local circumstance beyond war context affect reintegration role reintegration play preventing former combatant person formerly associated armed group falling organized crime ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime includes assessing state \u2019 role either contributing deterring engagement illicit activity ability criminal group infiltrate conflict setting appealing former combatant ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"\\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n un peace operation may inadvertently contribute criminal flow misguided intervention indirect consequence presence ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime intervention guided \u2018 harm \u2019 principle ddr practitioner support formulation context specific ddr process based sound analysis local factor vulnerability risk rather replicating past experience ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"Crime in conflict and post-conflict settings means that DDR must be planned with three major overlapping factors in mind: \\n\\n 1. Actors: When organized crime and conflict converge, several actors may be involved, including combatants and criminal groups as well as State actors, each fuelled by particular and often overlapping motives and engagement in similar activities. Moreover, the blurring of motivations, whether they be political, social or economic, means that membership across these groups may be fluid. In this context, the success and sustainability of DDR rests not in treating armed groups as monolithic entities separate from State armed forces, but rather in making alliances with those who benefit from adopting rule-of-law procedures. The labelling of what is legal and illegal, or legitimate and illegitimate, is done by State actors and, as this is a normative decision, the definition privileges the State. Particularly in conflict settings in which State governance is weak, corrupt or contested, the binary choice of good versus bad is arbitrary and often does not reflect the views of the population. In labelling actors as organized criminal groups, potential partners in peace processes may be discouraged from engaging and become spoilers instead. \\n In DDR planning, the economic, social and political motives that persuade individuals to partake in organized criminal activities should be identified and understood. DDR practitioners should also recognize how organized crime and conflict affect particular groups of actors, such as women and children, differently. \\n\\n 2. Criminal activities: The type of criminal activity in a given conflict setting may have implications for the planning of DDR processes. While organized crime encompasses a wide range of activities, certain criminal markets frequently arise in conflict settings, including the illegal exploitation of natural resources, weapons and ammunition trafficking, drug trafficking and the trafficking of human beings. Recent conflicts also show conflict actors profiting from protection and extortion payments, as well as kidnapping for ransom and other exploitation-based crimes. Not all organized crimes are similar in nature. For example, while some organized crimes are guided by personal greed and profit, others receive local legitimacy because they address the needs of the local community amid an infrastructural and political collapse. For instance, the trafficking of licit goods, such as subsidized food products, can form an integral part of economic and livelihoods strategies. In this context, rather than being seen as criminal conduct, the activities of organized criminal networks may be viewed as a way to build parallel informal economies and greater resilience.15 \\n A number of factors relating to any given criminal economy should be considered when planning a DDR process, including the pervasiveness of the criminal economy; whether it evolved before, during or after the conflict; how violence links criminal activities to armed conflict; whether criminal activities carried out reach the threshold of the most serious crimes under international law; linkages between organized crime and terrorists and\/or terrorist groups; and the labour intensiveness of criminal activities. \\n\\n 3. Context: How the local context serves as both a driver and spoiler of peacebuilding efforts is central to the planning of DDR processes, particularly reintegration. Social factors, including local culture, the perceived legitimacy of criminal activities and individual combatants, and general notions of support or hostility towards DDR itself, shape the way that DDR should be approached. Moreover, understanding the broader economic and\/or political environment in which armed conflict begins and ends allows DDR practitioners to identify entry points, potential obstacles and projections for sustainability. Although DDR processes deal with members of armed forces and groups rather than criminals, it is important to understand how local circumstances beyond the war context can affect reintegration, and the role that reintegration can play in preventing former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups from falling into organized crime. This includes assessing the State\u2019s role in either contributing to or deterring engagement in illicit activities, and the abilities of criminal groups to infiltrate conflict settings by appealing to former combatants. \\n UN peace operations may inadvertently contribute to criminal flows because of misguided interventions or as an indirect consequence of their presence. Interventions should be guided by the \u2018do no harm\u2019 principle, and DDR practitioners should support the formulation of context- specific DDR processes based on a sound analysis of local factors, vulnerabilities and risks, rather than by replicating past experiences. A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1386, "Sentence":"A political analysis of the local context should consider the non-exhaustive list of elements listed in table 1 and, to the extent possible, identify gender dimensions where applicable.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime political analysis local context consider nonexhaustive list element listed table 1 extent possible identify gender dimension applicable ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of DDR processes in organized crime contexts, practitioners shall undertake a comprehensive risk management scheme. The following list of organized crime\u2013related risks is intended to assist DDR practitioners to assess and manage vulnerabilities in such contexts in order to prevent negative consequences. \\n Programmatic risk: In contexts of ongoing conflict, organized crime activities can be used to further both economic and power-seeking gains. The risk that ex-combatants will be re- recruited or (continue to) engage in criminal activity is higher when conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. In the absence of a formal peace agreement, DDR participants may be more reluctant to give up the perceived opportunities that illicit activities offer, particularly when reintegration opportunities are limited, formal and informal economies overlap, and unresolved grievances persist. \\n \u2018Do no harm\u2019 risk: Because DDR processes not only present the risk of reinforcing illicit activities and flows, but may also be vulnerable to corruption and capture, DDR practitioners shall ensure that processes are implemented in a manner that avoids inadvertently contributing to illicit flows and\/or retaliation by armed forces and groups that engage in criminal activities. This includes the careful selection of partnering institutions and groups to implement DDR processes. Within an organized crime\u2013conflict context, DDR processes may also present the risk of reinforcing extortion schemes through the payment of cash\/stipends to DDR participants as part of reinsertion assistance. Practitioners should consider the distribution of payments through the issuance of pre-paid cards, vouchers or digital transfers where possible, to reduce the risk that participants will be extorted by those engaged in criminal activities, including armed forces and groups. \\n Security risk: The possibility of armed groups directly targeting staff\/programmes they may perceive as hostile is high in ongoing conflict contexts, particularly if DDR processes are perceived to be associated with the removal of livelihoods and social status. Conversely, DDR practitioners who are perceived to be supporting individuals (formerly) associated with criminal activities, particularly those who engaged in violence against local populations, can also be at risk of reprisals by certain communities or national actors. It is also important that potential risks to communities and civil society groups that may arise as a consequence of their engagement with DDR processes be properly assessed, managed and mitigated. \\n Reputational risk: DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk of being seen as promoting impunity or being lenient towards individuals who may have engaged in schemes of violent governance against communities. DDR practitioners should also be aware of the risk that they may be seen as being complicit in abusive State policies and\/or behaviour, particularly if armed forces are known to engage in organized criminal activities and pervasive corruption. Due diligence and appropriate frameworks, safeguards and mechanisms shall be applied to continuously address these complex issues. \\n Legal risks: DDR practitioners who rely on Government donors may face additional challenges if these Governments insert conditions or clauses into their grant agreements in order to comply with Security Council resolutions. As stated in IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR, DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser if applicable host State national legislation criminalizes the provision of support, including to suspected terrorists or armed groups designated as terrorist organizations. For more information on legal issues and risks, see section 5.3 of this module.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1387, "Sentence":"In the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of DDR processes in organized crime contexts, practitioners shall undertake a comprehensive risk management scheme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime planning design implementation monitoring ddr process organized crime context practitioner shall undertake comprehensive risk management scheme ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of DDR processes in organized crime contexts, practitioners shall undertake a comprehensive risk management scheme. The following list of organized crime\u2013related risks is intended to assist DDR practitioners to assess and manage vulnerabilities in such contexts in order to prevent negative consequences. \\n Programmatic risk: In contexts of ongoing conflict, organized crime activities can be used to further both economic and power-seeking gains. The risk that ex-combatants will be re- recruited or (continue to) engage in criminal activity is higher when conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. In the absence of a formal peace agreement, DDR participants may be more reluctant to give up the perceived opportunities that illicit activities offer, particularly when reintegration opportunities are limited, formal and informal economies overlap, and unresolved grievances persist. \\n \u2018Do no harm\u2019 risk: Because DDR processes not only present the risk of reinforcing illicit activities and flows, but may also be vulnerable to corruption and capture, DDR practitioners shall ensure that processes are implemented in a manner that avoids inadvertently contributing to illicit flows and\/or retaliation by armed forces and groups that engage in criminal activities. This includes the careful selection of partnering institutions and groups to implement DDR processes. Within an organized crime\u2013conflict context, DDR processes may also present the risk of reinforcing extortion schemes through the payment of cash\/stipends to DDR participants as part of reinsertion assistance. Practitioners should consider the distribution of payments through the issuance of pre-paid cards, vouchers or digital transfers where possible, to reduce the risk that participants will be extorted by those engaged in criminal activities, including armed forces and groups. \\n Security risk: The possibility of armed groups directly targeting staff\/programmes they may perceive as hostile is high in ongoing conflict contexts, particularly if DDR processes are perceived to be associated with the removal of livelihoods and social status. Conversely, DDR practitioners who are perceived to be supporting individuals (formerly) associated with criminal activities, particularly those who engaged in violence against local populations, can also be at risk of reprisals by certain communities or national actors. It is also important that potential risks to communities and civil society groups that may arise as a consequence of their engagement with DDR processes be properly assessed, managed and mitigated. \\n Reputational risk: DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk of being seen as promoting impunity or being lenient towards individuals who may have engaged in schemes of violent governance against communities. DDR practitioners should also be aware of the risk that they may be seen as being complicit in abusive State policies and\/or behaviour, particularly if armed forces are known to engage in organized criminal activities and pervasive corruption. Due diligence and appropriate frameworks, safeguards and mechanisms shall be applied to continuously address these complex issues. \\n Legal risks: DDR practitioners who rely on Government donors may face additional challenges if these Governments insert conditions or clauses into their grant agreements in order to comply with Security Council resolutions. As stated in IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR, DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser if applicable host State national legislation criminalizes the provision of support, including to suspected terrorists or armed groups designated as terrorist organizations. For more information on legal issues and risks, see section 5.3 of this module.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1387, "Sentence":"The following list of organized crime\u2013related risks is intended to assist DDR practitioners to assess and manage vulnerabilities in such contexts in order to prevent negative consequences.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime following list organized crime\u2013related risk intended assist ddr practitioner ass manage vulnerability context order prevent negative consequence ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of DDR processes in organized crime contexts, practitioners shall undertake a comprehensive risk management scheme. The following list of organized crime\u2013related risks is intended to assist DDR practitioners to assess and manage vulnerabilities in such contexts in order to prevent negative consequences. \\n Programmatic risk: In contexts of ongoing conflict, organized crime activities can be used to further both economic and power-seeking gains. The risk that ex-combatants will be re- recruited or (continue to) engage in criminal activity is higher when conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. In the absence of a formal peace agreement, DDR participants may be more reluctant to give up the perceived opportunities that illicit activities offer, particularly when reintegration opportunities are limited, formal and informal economies overlap, and unresolved grievances persist. \\n \u2018Do no harm\u2019 risk: Because DDR processes not only present the risk of reinforcing illicit activities and flows, but may also be vulnerable to corruption and capture, DDR practitioners shall ensure that processes are implemented in a manner that avoids inadvertently contributing to illicit flows and\/or retaliation by armed forces and groups that engage in criminal activities. This includes the careful selection of partnering institutions and groups to implement DDR processes. Within an organized crime\u2013conflict context, DDR processes may also present the risk of reinforcing extortion schemes through the payment of cash\/stipends to DDR participants as part of reinsertion assistance. Practitioners should consider the distribution of payments through the issuance of pre-paid cards, vouchers or digital transfers where possible, to reduce the risk that participants will be extorted by those engaged in criminal activities, including armed forces and groups. \\n Security risk: The possibility of armed groups directly targeting staff\/programmes they may perceive as hostile is high in ongoing conflict contexts, particularly if DDR processes are perceived to be associated with the removal of livelihoods and social status. Conversely, DDR practitioners who are perceived to be supporting individuals (formerly) associated with criminal activities, particularly those who engaged in violence against local populations, can also be at risk of reprisals by certain communities or national actors. It is also important that potential risks to communities and civil society groups that may arise as a consequence of their engagement with DDR processes be properly assessed, managed and mitigated. \\n Reputational risk: DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk of being seen as promoting impunity or being lenient towards individuals who may have engaged in schemes of violent governance against communities. DDR practitioners should also be aware of the risk that they may be seen as being complicit in abusive State policies and\/or behaviour, particularly if armed forces are known to engage in organized criminal activities and pervasive corruption. Due diligence and appropriate frameworks, safeguards and mechanisms shall be applied to continuously address these complex issues. \\n Legal risks: DDR practitioners who rely on Government donors may face additional challenges if these Governments insert conditions or clauses into their grant agreements in order to comply with Security Council resolutions. As stated in IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR, DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser if applicable host State national legislation criminalizes the provision of support, including to suspected terrorists or armed groups designated as terrorist organizations. For more information on legal issues and risks, see section 5.3 of this module.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1387, "Sentence":"\\n Programmatic risk: In contexts of ongoing conflict, organized crime activities can be used to further both economic and power-seeking gains.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n programmatic risk context ongoing conflict organized crime activity used economic powerseeking gain ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of DDR processes in organized crime contexts, practitioners shall undertake a comprehensive risk management scheme. The following list of organized crime\u2013related risks is intended to assist DDR practitioners to assess and manage vulnerabilities in such contexts in order to prevent negative consequences. \\n Programmatic risk: In contexts of ongoing conflict, organized crime activities can be used to further both economic and power-seeking gains. The risk that ex-combatants will be re- recruited or (continue to) engage in criminal activity is higher when conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. In the absence of a formal peace agreement, DDR participants may be more reluctant to give up the perceived opportunities that illicit activities offer, particularly when reintegration opportunities are limited, formal and informal economies overlap, and unresolved grievances persist. \\n \u2018Do no harm\u2019 risk: Because DDR processes not only present the risk of reinforcing illicit activities and flows, but may also be vulnerable to corruption and capture, DDR practitioners shall ensure that processes are implemented in a manner that avoids inadvertently contributing to illicit flows and\/or retaliation by armed forces and groups that engage in criminal activities. This includes the careful selection of partnering institutions and groups to implement DDR processes. Within an organized crime\u2013conflict context, DDR processes may also present the risk of reinforcing extortion schemes through the payment of cash\/stipends to DDR participants as part of reinsertion assistance. Practitioners should consider the distribution of payments through the issuance of pre-paid cards, vouchers or digital transfers where possible, to reduce the risk that participants will be extorted by those engaged in criminal activities, including armed forces and groups. \\n Security risk: The possibility of armed groups directly targeting staff\/programmes they may perceive as hostile is high in ongoing conflict contexts, particularly if DDR processes are perceived to be associated with the removal of livelihoods and social status. Conversely, DDR practitioners who are perceived to be supporting individuals (formerly) associated with criminal activities, particularly those who engaged in violence against local populations, can also be at risk of reprisals by certain communities or national actors. It is also important that potential risks to communities and civil society groups that may arise as a consequence of their engagement with DDR processes be properly assessed, managed and mitigated. \\n Reputational risk: DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk of being seen as promoting impunity or being lenient towards individuals who may have engaged in schemes of violent governance against communities. DDR practitioners should also be aware of the risk that they may be seen as being complicit in abusive State policies and\/or behaviour, particularly if armed forces are known to engage in organized criminal activities and pervasive corruption. Due diligence and appropriate frameworks, safeguards and mechanisms shall be applied to continuously address these complex issues. \\n Legal risks: DDR practitioners who rely on Government donors may face additional challenges if these Governments insert conditions or clauses into their grant agreements in order to comply with Security Council resolutions. As stated in IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR, DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser if applicable host State national legislation criminalizes the provision of support, including to suspected terrorists or armed groups designated as terrorist organizations. For more information on legal issues and risks, see section 5.3 of this module.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1387, "Sentence":"The risk that ex-combatants will be re- recruited or (continue to) engage in criminal activity is higher when conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime risk excombatants recruited continue engage criminal activity higher conflict ongoing protracted financed organized crime ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of DDR processes in organized crime contexts, practitioners shall undertake a comprehensive risk management scheme. The following list of organized crime\u2013related risks is intended to assist DDR practitioners to assess and manage vulnerabilities in such contexts in order to prevent negative consequences. \\n Programmatic risk: In contexts of ongoing conflict, organized crime activities can be used to further both economic and power-seeking gains. The risk that ex-combatants will be re- recruited or (continue to) engage in criminal activity is higher when conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. In the absence of a formal peace agreement, DDR participants may be more reluctant to give up the perceived opportunities that illicit activities offer, particularly when reintegration opportunities are limited, formal and informal economies overlap, and unresolved grievances persist. \\n \u2018Do no harm\u2019 risk: Because DDR processes not only present the risk of reinforcing illicit activities and flows, but may also be vulnerable to corruption and capture, DDR practitioners shall ensure that processes are implemented in a manner that avoids inadvertently contributing to illicit flows and\/or retaliation by armed forces and groups that engage in criminal activities. This includes the careful selection of partnering institutions and groups to implement DDR processes. Within an organized crime\u2013conflict context, DDR processes may also present the risk of reinforcing extortion schemes through the payment of cash\/stipends to DDR participants as part of reinsertion assistance. Practitioners should consider the distribution of payments through the issuance of pre-paid cards, vouchers or digital transfers where possible, to reduce the risk that participants will be extorted by those engaged in criminal activities, including armed forces and groups. \\n Security risk: The possibility of armed groups directly targeting staff\/programmes they may perceive as hostile is high in ongoing conflict contexts, particularly if DDR processes are perceived to be associated with the removal of livelihoods and social status. Conversely, DDR practitioners who are perceived to be supporting individuals (formerly) associated with criminal activities, particularly those who engaged in violence against local populations, can also be at risk of reprisals by certain communities or national actors. It is also important that potential risks to communities and civil society groups that may arise as a consequence of their engagement with DDR processes be properly assessed, managed and mitigated. \\n Reputational risk: DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk of being seen as promoting impunity or being lenient towards individuals who may have engaged in schemes of violent governance against communities. DDR practitioners should also be aware of the risk that they may be seen as being complicit in abusive State policies and\/or behaviour, particularly if armed forces are known to engage in organized criminal activities and pervasive corruption. Due diligence and appropriate frameworks, safeguards and mechanisms shall be applied to continuously address these complex issues. \\n Legal risks: DDR practitioners who rely on Government donors may face additional challenges if these Governments insert conditions or clauses into their grant agreements in order to comply with Security Council resolutions. As stated in IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR, DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser if applicable host State national legislation criminalizes the provision of support, including to suspected terrorists or armed groups designated as terrorist organizations. For more information on legal issues and risks, see section 5.3 of this module.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1387, "Sentence":"In the absence of a formal peace agreement, DDR participants may be more reluctant to give up the perceived opportunities that illicit activities offer, particularly when reintegration opportunities are limited, formal and informal economies overlap, and unresolved grievances persist.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime absence formal peace agreement ddr participant may reluctant give perceived opportunity illicit activity offer particularly reintegration opportunity limited formal informal economy overlap unresolved grievance persist ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of DDR processes in organized crime contexts, practitioners shall undertake a comprehensive risk management scheme. The following list of organized crime\u2013related risks is intended to assist DDR practitioners to assess and manage vulnerabilities in such contexts in order to prevent negative consequences. \\n Programmatic risk: In contexts of ongoing conflict, organized crime activities can be used to further both economic and power-seeking gains. The risk that ex-combatants will be re- recruited or (continue to) engage in criminal activity is higher when conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. In the absence of a formal peace agreement, DDR participants may be more reluctant to give up the perceived opportunities that illicit activities offer, particularly when reintegration opportunities are limited, formal and informal economies overlap, and unresolved grievances persist. \\n \u2018Do no harm\u2019 risk: Because DDR processes not only present the risk of reinforcing illicit activities and flows, but may also be vulnerable to corruption and capture, DDR practitioners shall ensure that processes are implemented in a manner that avoids inadvertently contributing to illicit flows and\/or retaliation by armed forces and groups that engage in criminal activities. This includes the careful selection of partnering institutions and groups to implement DDR processes. Within an organized crime\u2013conflict context, DDR processes may also present the risk of reinforcing extortion schemes through the payment of cash\/stipends to DDR participants as part of reinsertion assistance. Practitioners should consider the distribution of payments through the issuance of pre-paid cards, vouchers or digital transfers where possible, to reduce the risk that participants will be extorted by those engaged in criminal activities, including armed forces and groups. \\n Security risk: The possibility of armed groups directly targeting staff\/programmes they may perceive as hostile is high in ongoing conflict contexts, particularly if DDR processes are perceived to be associated with the removal of livelihoods and social status. Conversely, DDR practitioners who are perceived to be supporting individuals (formerly) associated with criminal activities, particularly those who engaged in violence against local populations, can also be at risk of reprisals by certain communities or national actors. It is also important that potential risks to communities and civil society groups that may arise as a consequence of their engagement with DDR processes be properly assessed, managed and mitigated. \\n Reputational risk: DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk of being seen as promoting impunity or being lenient towards individuals who may have engaged in schemes of violent governance against communities. DDR practitioners should also be aware of the risk that they may be seen as being complicit in abusive State policies and\/or behaviour, particularly if armed forces are known to engage in organized criminal activities and pervasive corruption. Due diligence and appropriate frameworks, safeguards and mechanisms shall be applied to continuously address these complex issues. \\n Legal risks: DDR practitioners who rely on Government donors may face additional challenges if these Governments insert conditions or clauses into their grant agreements in order to comply with Security Council resolutions. As stated in IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR, DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser if applicable host State national legislation criminalizes the provision of support, including to suspected terrorists or armed groups designated as terrorist organizations. For more information on legal issues and risks, see section 5.3 of this module.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1387, "Sentence":"\\n \u2018Do no harm\u2019 risk: Because DDR processes not only present the risk of reinforcing illicit activities and flows, but may also be vulnerable to corruption and capture, DDR practitioners shall ensure that processes are implemented in a manner that avoids inadvertently contributing to illicit flows and\/or retaliation by armed forces and groups that engage in criminal activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n \u2018 harm \u2019 risk ddr process present risk reinforcing illicit activity flow may also vulnerable corruption capture ddr practitioner shall ensure process implemented manner avoids inadvertently contributing illicit flow and\/or retaliation armed force group engage criminal activity ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of DDR processes in organized crime contexts, practitioners shall undertake a comprehensive risk management scheme. The following list of organized crime\u2013related risks is intended to assist DDR practitioners to assess and manage vulnerabilities in such contexts in order to prevent negative consequences. \\n Programmatic risk: In contexts of ongoing conflict, organized crime activities can be used to further both economic and power-seeking gains. The risk that ex-combatants will be re- recruited or (continue to) engage in criminal activity is higher when conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. In the absence of a formal peace agreement, DDR participants may be more reluctant to give up the perceived opportunities that illicit activities offer, particularly when reintegration opportunities are limited, formal and informal economies overlap, and unresolved grievances persist. \\n \u2018Do no harm\u2019 risk: Because DDR processes not only present the risk of reinforcing illicit activities and flows, but may also be vulnerable to corruption and capture, DDR practitioners shall ensure that processes are implemented in a manner that avoids inadvertently contributing to illicit flows and\/or retaliation by armed forces and groups that engage in criminal activities. This includes the careful selection of partnering institutions and groups to implement DDR processes. Within an organized crime\u2013conflict context, DDR processes may also present the risk of reinforcing extortion schemes through the payment of cash\/stipends to DDR participants as part of reinsertion assistance. Practitioners should consider the distribution of payments through the issuance of pre-paid cards, vouchers or digital transfers where possible, to reduce the risk that participants will be extorted by those engaged in criminal activities, including armed forces and groups. \\n Security risk: The possibility of armed groups directly targeting staff\/programmes they may perceive as hostile is high in ongoing conflict contexts, particularly if DDR processes are perceived to be associated with the removal of livelihoods and social status. Conversely, DDR practitioners who are perceived to be supporting individuals (formerly) associated with criminal activities, particularly those who engaged in violence against local populations, can also be at risk of reprisals by certain communities or national actors. It is also important that potential risks to communities and civil society groups that may arise as a consequence of their engagement with DDR processes be properly assessed, managed and mitigated. \\n Reputational risk: DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk of being seen as promoting impunity or being lenient towards individuals who may have engaged in schemes of violent governance against communities. DDR practitioners should also be aware of the risk that they may be seen as being complicit in abusive State policies and\/or behaviour, particularly if armed forces are known to engage in organized criminal activities and pervasive corruption. Due diligence and appropriate frameworks, safeguards and mechanisms shall be applied to continuously address these complex issues. \\n Legal risks: DDR practitioners who rely on Government donors may face additional challenges if these Governments insert conditions or clauses into their grant agreements in order to comply with Security Council resolutions. As stated in IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR, DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser if applicable host State national legislation criminalizes the provision of support, including to suspected terrorists or armed groups designated as terrorist organizations. For more information on legal issues and risks, see section 5.3 of this module.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1387, "Sentence":"This includes the careful selection of partnering institutions and groups to implement DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime includes careful selection partnering institution group implement ddr process ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of DDR processes in organized crime contexts, practitioners shall undertake a comprehensive risk management scheme. The following list of organized crime\u2013related risks is intended to assist DDR practitioners to assess and manage vulnerabilities in such contexts in order to prevent negative consequences. \\n Programmatic risk: In contexts of ongoing conflict, organized crime activities can be used to further both economic and power-seeking gains. The risk that ex-combatants will be re- recruited or (continue to) engage in criminal activity is higher when conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. In the absence of a formal peace agreement, DDR participants may be more reluctant to give up the perceived opportunities that illicit activities offer, particularly when reintegration opportunities are limited, formal and informal economies overlap, and unresolved grievances persist. \\n \u2018Do no harm\u2019 risk: Because DDR processes not only present the risk of reinforcing illicit activities and flows, but may also be vulnerable to corruption and capture, DDR practitioners shall ensure that processes are implemented in a manner that avoids inadvertently contributing to illicit flows and\/or retaliation by armed forces and groups that engage in criminal activities. This includes the careful selection of partnering institutions and groups to implement DDR processes. Within an organized crime\u2013conflict context, DDR processes may also present the risk of reinforcing extortion schemes through the payment of cash\/stipends to DDR participants as part of reinsertion assistance. Practitioners should consider the distribution of payments through the issuance of pre-paid cards, vouchers or digital transfers where possible, to reduce the risk that participants will be extorted by those engaged in criminal activities, including armed forces and groups. \\n Security risk: The possibility of armed groups directly targeting staff\/programmes they may perceive as hostile is high in ongoing conflict contexts, particularly if DDR processes are perceived to be associated with the removal of livelihoods and social status. Conversely, DDR practitioners who are perceived to be supporting individuals (formerly) associated with criminal activities, particularly those who engaged in violence against local populations, can also be at risk of reprisals by certain communities or national actors. It is also important that potential risks to communities and civil society groups that may arise as a consequence of their engagement with DDR processes be properly assessed, managed and mitigated. \\n Reputational risk: DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk of being seen as promoting impunity or being lenient towards individuals who may have engaged in schemes of violent governance against communities. DDR practitioners should also be aware of the risk that they may be seen as being complicit in abusive State policies and\/or behaviour, particularly if armed forces are known to engage in organized criminal activities and pervasive corruption. Due diligence and appropriate frameworks, safeguards and mechanisms shall be applied to continuously address these complex issues. \\n Legal risks: DDR practitioners who rely on Government donors may face additional challenges if these Governments insert conditions or clauses into their grant agreements in order to comply with Security Council resolutions. As stated in IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR, DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser if applicable host State national legislation criminalizes the provision of support, including to suspected terrorists or armed groups designated as terrorist organizations. For more information on legal issues and risks, see section 5.3 of this module.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1387, "Sentence":"Within an organized crime\u2013conflict context, DDR processes may also present the risk of reinforcing extortion schemes through the payment of cash\/stipends to DDR participants as part of reinsertion assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime within organized crime\u2013conflict context ddr process may also present risk reinforcing extortion scheme payment cash\/stipends ddr participant part reinsertion assistance ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of DDR processes in organized crime contexts, practitioners shall undertake a comprehensive risk management scheme. The following list of organized crime\u2013related risks is intended to assist DDR practitioners to assess and manage vulnerabilities in such contexts in order to prevent negative consequences. \\n Programmatic risk: In contexts of ongoing conflict, organized crime activities can be used to further both economic and power-seeking gains. The risk that ex-combatants will be re- recruited or (continue to) engage in criminal activity is higher when conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. In the absence of a formal peace agreement, DDR participants may be more reluctant to give up the perceived opportunities that illicit activities offer, particularly when reintegration opportunities are limited, formal and informal economies overlap, and unresolved grievances persist. \\n \u2018Do no harm\u2019 risk: Because DDR processes not only present the risk of reinforcing illicit activities and flows, but may also be vulnerable to corruption and capture, DDR practitioners shall ensure that processes are implemented in a manner that avoids inadvertently contributing to illicit flows and\/or retaliation by armed forces and groups that engage in criminal activities. This includes the careful selection of partnering institutions and groups to implement DDR processes. Within an organized crime\u2013conflict context, DDR processes may also present the risk of reinforcing extortion schemes through the payment of cash\/stipends to DDR participants as part of reinsertion assistance. Practitioners should consider the distribution of payments through the issuance of pre-paid cards, vouchers or digital transfers where possible, to reduce the risk that participants will be extorted by those engaged in criminal activities, including armed forces and groups. \\n Security risk: The possibility of armed groups directly targeting staff\/programmes they may perceive as hostile is high in ongoing conflict contexts, particularly if DDR processes are perceived to be associated with the removal of livelihoods and social status. Conversely, DDR practitioners who are perceived to be supporting individuals (formerly) associated with criminal activities, particularly those who engaged in violence against local populations, can also be at risk of reprisals by certain communities or national actors. It is also important that potential risks to communities and civil society groups that may arise as a consequence of their engagement with DDR processes be properly assessed, managed and mitigated. \\n Reputational risk: DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk of being seen as promoting impunity or being lenient towards individuals who may have engaged in schemes of violent governance against communities. DDR practitioners should also be aware of the risk that they may be seen as being complicit in abusive State policies and\/or behaviour, particularly if armed forces are known to engage in organized criminal activities and pervasive corruption. Due diligence and appropriate frameworks, safeguards and mechanisms shall be applied to continuously address these complex issues. \\n Legal risks: DDR practitioners who rely on Government donors may face additional challenges if these Governments insert conditions or clauses into their grant agreements in order to comply with Security Council resolutions. As stated in IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR, DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser if applicable host State national legislation criminalizes the provision of support, including to suspected terrorists or armed groups designated as terrorist organizations. For more information on legal issues and risks, see section 5.3 of this module.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1387, "Sentence":"Practitioners should consider the distribution of payments through the issuance of pre-paid cards, vouchers or digital transfers where possible, to reduce the risk that participants will be extorted by those engaged in criminal activities, including armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime practitioner consider distribution payment issuance prepaid card voucher digital transfer possible reduce risk participant extorted engaged criminal activity including armed force group ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of DDR processes in organized crime contexts, practitioners shall undertake a comprehensive risk management scheme. The following list of organized crime\u2013related risks is intended to assist DDR practitioners to assess and manage vulnerabilities in such contexts in order to prevent negative consequences. \\n Programmatic risk: In contexts of ongoing conflict, organized crime activities can be used to further both economic and power-seeking gains. The risk that ex-combatants will be re- recruited or (continue to) engage in criminal activity is higher when conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. In the absence of a formal peace agreement, DDR participants may be more reluctant to give up the perceived opportunities that illicit activities offer, particularly when reintegration opportunities are limited, formal and informal economies overlap, and unresolved grievances persist. \\n \u2018Do no harm\u2019 risk: Because DDR processes not only present the risk of reinforcing illicit activities and flows, but may also be vulnerable to corruption and capture, DDR practitioners shall ensure that processes are implemented in a manner that avoids inadvertently contributing to illicit flows and\/or retaliation by armed forces and groups that engage in criminal activities. This includes the careful selection of partnering institutions and groups to implement DDR processes. Within an organized crime\u2013conflict context, DDR processes may also present the risk of reinforcing extortion schemes through the payment of cash\/stipends to DDR participants as part of reinsertion assistance. Practitioners should consider the distribution of payments through the issuance of pre-paid cards, vouchers or digital transfers where possible, to reduce the risk that participants will be extorted by those engaged in criminal activities, including armed forces and groups. \\n Security risk: The possibility of armed groups directly targeting staff\/programmes they may perceive as hostile is high in ongoing conflict contexts, particularly if DDR processes are perceived to be associated with the removal of livelihoods and social status. Conversely, DDR practitioners who are perceived to be supporting individuals (formerly) associated with criminal activities, particularly those who engaged in violence against local populations, can also be at risk of reprisals by certain communities or national actors. It is also important that potential risks to communities and civil society groups that may arise as a consequence of their engagement with DDR processes be properly assessed, managed and mitigated. \\n Reputational risk: DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk of being seen as promoting impunity or being lenient towards individuals who may have engaged in schemes of violent governance against communities. DDR practitioners should also be aware of the risk that they may be seen as being complicit in abusive State policies and\/or behaviour, particularly if armed forces are known to engage in organized criminal activities and pervasive corruption. Due diligence and appropriate frameworks, safeguards and mechanisms shall be applied to continuously address these complex issues. \\n Legal risks: DDR practitioners who rely on Government donors may face additional challenges if these Governments insert conditions or clauses into their grant agreements in order to comply with Security Council resolutions. As stated in IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR, DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser if applicable host State national legislation criminalizes the provision of support, including to suspected terrorists or armed groups designated as terrorist organizations. For more information on legal issues and risks, see section 5.3 of this module.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1387, "Sentence":"\\n Security risk: The possibility of armed groups directly targeting staff\/programmes they may perceive as hostile is high in ongoing conflict contexts, particularly if DDR processes are perceived to be associated with the removal of livelihoods and social status.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n security risk possibility armed group directly targeting staff\/programmes may perceive hostile high ongoing conflict context particularly ddr process perceived associated removal livelihood social status ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of DDR processes in organized crime contexts, practitioners shall undertake a comprehensive risk management scheme. The following list of organized crime\u2013related risks is intended to assist DDR practitioners to assess and manage vulnerabilities in such contexts in order to prevent negative consequences. \\n Programmatic risk: In contexts of ongoing conflict, organized crime activities can be used to further both economic and power-seeking gains. The risk that ex-combatants will be re- recruited or (continue to) engage in criminal activity is higher when conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. In the absence of a formal peace agreement, DDR participants may be more reluctant to give up the perceived opportunities that illicit activities offer, particularly when reintegration opportunities are limited, formal and informal economies overlap, and unresolved grievances persist. \\n \u2018Do no harm\u2019 risk: Because DDR processes not only present the risk of reinforcing illicit activities and flows, but may also be vulnerable to corruption and capture, DDR practitioners shall ensure that processes are implemented in a manner that avoids inadvertently contributing to illicit flows and\/or retaliation by armed forces and groups that engage in criminal activities. This includes the careful selection of partnering institutions and groups to implement DDR processes. Within an organized crime\u2013conflict context, DDR processes may also present the risk of reinforcing extortion schemes through the payment of cash\/stipends to DDR participants as part of reinsertion assistance. Practitioners should consider the distribution of payments through the issuance of pre-paid cards, vouchers or digital transfers where possible, to reduce the risk that participants will be extorted by those engaged in criminal activities, including armed forces and groups. \\n Security risk: The possibility of armed groups directly targeting staff\/programmes they may perceive as hostile is high in ongoing conflict contexts, particularly if DDR processes are perceived to be associated with the removal of livelihoods and social status. Conversely, DDR practitioners who are perceived to be supporting individuals (formerly) associated with criminal activities, particularly those who engaged in violence against local populations, can also be at risk of reprisals by certain communities or national actors. It is also important that potential risks to communities and civil society groups that may arise as a consequence of their engagement with DDR processes be properly assessed, managed and mitigated. \\n Reputational risk: DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk of being seen as promoting impunity or being lenient towards individuals who may have engaged in schemes of violent governance against communities. DDR practitioners should also be aware of the risk that they may be seen as being complicit in abusive State policies and\/or behaviour, particularly if armed forces are known to engage in organized criminal activities and pervasive corruption. Due diligence and appropriate frameworks, safeguards and mechanisms shall be applied to continuously address these complex issues. \\n Legal risks: DDR practitioners who rely on Government donors may face additional challenges if these Governments insert conditions or clauses into their grant agreements in order to comply with Security Council resolutions. As stated in IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR, DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser if applicable host State national legislation criminalizes the provision of support, including to suspected terrorists or armed groups designated as terrorist organizations. For more information on legal issues and risks, see section 5.3 of this module.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1387, "Sentence":"Conversely, DDR practitioners who are perceived to be supporting individuals (formerly) associated with criminal activities, particularly those who engaged in violence against local populations, can also be at risk of reprisals by certain communities or national actors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime conversely ddr practitioner perceived supporting individual formerly associated criminal activity particularly engaged violence local population also risk reprisal certain community national actor ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of DDR processes in organized crime contexts, practitioners shall undertake a comprehensive risk management scheme. The following list of organized crime\u2013related risks is intended to assist DDR practitioners to assess and manage vulnerabilities in such contexts in order to prevent negative consequences. \\n Programmatic risk: In contexts of ongoing conflict, organized crime activities can be used to further both economic and power-seeking gains. The risk that ex-combatants will be re- recruited or (continue to) engage in criminal activity is higher when conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. In the absence of a formal peace agreement, DDR participants may be more reluctant to give up the perceived opportunities that illicit activities offer, particularly when reintegration opportunities are limited, formal and informal economies overlap, and unresolved grievances persist. \\n \u2018Do no harm\u2019 risk: Because DDR processes not only present the risk of reinforcing illicit activities and flows, but may also be vulnerable to corruption and capture, DDR practitioners shall ensure that processes are implemented in a manner that avoids inadvertently contributing to illicit flows and\/or retaliation by armed forces and groups that engage in criminal activities. This includes the careful selection of partnering institutions and groups to implement DDR processes. Within an organized crime\u2013conflict context, DDR processes may also present the risk of reinforcing extortion schemes through the payment of cash\/stipends to DDR participants as part of reinsertion assistance. Practitioners should consider the distribution of payments through the issuance of pre-paid cards, vouchers or digital transfers where possible, to reduce the risk that participants will be extorted by those engaged in criminal activities, including armed forces and groups. \\n Security risk: The possibility of armed groups directly targeting staff\/programmes they may perceive as hostile is high in ongoing conflict contexts, particularly if DDR processes are perceived to be associated with the removal of livelihoods and social status. Conversely, DDR practitioners who are perceived to be supporting individuals (formerly) associated with criminal activities, particularly those who engaged in violence against local populations, can also be at risk of reprisals by certain communities or national actors. It is also important that potential risks to communities and civil society groups that may arise as a consequence of their engagement with DDR processes be properly assessed, managed and mitigated. \\n Reputational risk: DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk of being seen as promoting impunity or being lenient towards individuals who may have engaged in schemes of violent governance against communities. DDR practitioners should also be aware of the risk that they may be seen as being complicit in abusive State policies and\/or behaviour, particularly if armed forces are known to engage in organized criminal activities and pervasive corruption. Due diligence and appropriate frameworks, safeguards and mechanisms shall be applied to continuously address these complex issues. \\n Legal risks: DDR practitioners who rely on Government donors may face additional challenges if these Governments insert conditions or clauses into their grant agreements in order to comply with Security Council resolutions. As stated in IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR, DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser if applicable host State national legislation criminalizes the provision of support, including to suspected terrorists or armed groups designated as terrorist organizations. For more information on legal issues and risks, see section 5.3 of this module.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1387, "Sentence":"It is also important that potential risks to communities and civil society groups that may arise as a consequence of their engagement with DDR processes be properly assessed, managed and mitigated.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime also important potential risk community civil society group may arise consequence engagement ddr process properly assessed managed mitigated ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of DDR processes in organized crime contexts, practitioners shall undertake a comprehensive risk management scheme. The following list of organized crime\u2013related risks is intended to assist DDR practitioners to assess and manage vulnerabilities in such contexts in order to prevent negative consequences. \\n Programmatic risk: In contexts of ongoing conflict, organized crime activities can be used to further both economic and power-seeking gains. The risk that ex-combatants will be re- recruited or (continue to) engage in criminal activity is higher when conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. In the absence of a formal peace agreement, DDR participants may be more reluctant to give up the perceived opportunities that illicit activities offer, particularly when reintegration opportunities are limited, formal and informal economies overlap, and unresolved grievances persist. \\n \u2018Do no harm\u2019 risk: Because DDR processes not only present the risk of reinforcing illicit activities and flows, but may also be vulnerable to corruption and capture, DDR practitioners shall ensure that processes are implemented in a manner that avoids inadvertently contributing to illicit flows and\/or retaliation by armed forces and groups that engage in criminal activities. This includes the careful selection of partnering institutions and groups to implement DDR processes. Within an organized crime\u2013conflict context, DDR processes may also present the risk of reinforcing extortion schemes through the payment of cash\/stipends to DDR participants as part of reinsertion assistance. Practitioners should consider the distribution of payments through the issuance of pre-paid cards, vouchers or digital transfers where possible, to reduce the risk that participants will be extorted by those engaged in criminal activities, including armed forces and groups. \\n Security risk: The possibility of armed groups directly targeting staff\/programmes they may perceive as hostile is high in ongoing conflict contexts, particularly if DDR processes are perceived to be associated with the removal of livelihoods and social status. Conversely, DDR practitioners who are perceived to be supporting individuals (formerly) associated with criminal activities, particularly those who engaged in violence against local populations, can also be at risk of reprisals by certain communities or national actors. It is also important that potential risks to communities and civil society groups that may arise as a consequence of their engagement with DDR processes be properly assessed, managed and mitigated. \\n Reputational risk: DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk of being seen as promoting impunity or being lenient towards individuals who may have engaged in schemes of violent governance against communities. DDR practitioners should also be aware of the risk that they may be seen as being complicit in abusive State policies and\/or behaviour, particularly if armed forces are known to engage in organized criminal activities and pervasive corruption. Due diligence and appropriate frameworks, safeguards and mechanisms shall be applied to continuously address these complex issues. \\n Legal risks: DDR practitioners who rely on Government donors may face additional challenges if these Governments insert conditions or clauses into their grant agreements in order to comply with Security Council resolutions. As stated in IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR, DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser if applicable host State national legislation criminalizes the provision of support, including to suspected terrorists or armed groups designated as terrorist organizations. For more information on legal issues and risks, see section 5.3 of this module.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1387, "Sentence":"\\n Reputational risk: DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk of being seen as promoting impunity or being lenient towards individuals who may have engaged in schemes of violent governance against communities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n reputational risk ddr practitioner aware risk seen promoting impunity lenient towards individual may engaged scheme violent governance community ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of DDR processes in organized crime contexts, practitioners shall undertake a comprehensive risk management scheme. The following list of organized crime\u2013related risks is intended to assist DDR practitioners to assess and manage vulnerabilities in such contexts in order to prevent negative consequences. \\n Programmatic risk: In contexts of ongoing conflict, organized crime activities can be used to further both economic and power-seeking gains. The risk that ex-combatants will be re- recruited or (continue to) engage in criminal activity is higher when conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. In the absence of a formal peace agreement, DDR participants may be more reluctant to give up the perceived opportunities that illicit activities offer, particularly when reintegration opportunities are limited, formal and informal economies overlap, and unresolved grievances persist. \\n \u2018Do no harm\u2019 risk: Because DDR processes not only present the risk of reinforcing illicit activities and flows, but may also be vulnerable to corruption and capture, DDR practitioners shall ensure that processes are implemented in a manner that avoids inadvertently contributing to illicit flows and\/or retaliation by armed forces and groups that engage in criminal activities. This includes the careful selection of partnering institutions and groups to implement DDR processes. Within an organized crime\u2013conflict context, DDR processes may also present the risk of reinforcing extortion schemes through the payment of cash\/stipends to DDR participants as part of reinsertion assistance. Practitioners should consider the distribution of payments through the issuance of pre-paid cards, vouchers or digital transfers where possible, to reduce the risk that participants will be extorted by those engaged in criminal activities, including armed forces and groups. \\n Security risk: The possibility of armed groups directly targeting staff\/programmes they may perceive as hostile is high in ongoing conflict contexts, particularly if DDR processes are perceived to be associated with the removal of livelihoods and social status. Conversely, DDR practitioners who are perceived to be supporting individuals (formerly) associated with criminal activities, particularly those who engaged in violence against local populations, can also be at risk of reprisals by certain communities or national actors. It is also important that potential risks to communities and civil society groups that may arise as a consequence of their engagement with DDR processes be properly assessed, managed and mitigated. \\n Reputational risk: DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk of being seen as promoting impunity or being lenient towards individuals who may have engaged in schemes of violent governance against communities. DDR practitioners should also be aware of the risk that they may be seen as being complicit in abusive State policies and\/or behaviour, particularly if armed forces are known to engage in organized criminal activities and pervasive corruption. Due diligence and appropriate frameworks, safeguards and mechanisms shall be applied to continuously address these complex issues. \\n Legal risks: DDR practitioners who rely on Government donors may face additional challenges if these Governments insert conditions or clauses into their grant agreements in order to comply with Security Council resolutions. As stated in IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR, DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser if applicable host State national legislation criminalizes the provision of support, including to suspected terrorists or armed groups designated as terrorist organizations. For more information on legal issues and risks, see section 5.3 of this module.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1387, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should also be aware of the risk that they may be seen as being complicit in abusive State policies and\/or behaviour, particularly if armed forces are known to engage in organized criminal activities and pervasive corruption.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner also aware risk may seen complicit abusive state policy and\/or behaviour particularly armed force known engage organized criminal activity pervasive corruption ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of DDR processes in organized crime contexts, practitioners shall undertake a comprehensive risk management scheme. The following list of organized crime\u2013related risks is intended to assist DDR practitioners to assess and manage vulnerabilities in such contexts in order to prevent negative consequences. \\n Programmatic risk: In contexts of ongoing conflict, organized crime activities can be used to further both economic and power-seeking gains. The risk that ex-combatants will be re- recruited or (continue to) engage in criminal activity is higher when conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. In the absence of a formal peace agreement, DDR participants may be more reluctant to give up the perceived opportunities that illicit activities offer, particularly when reintegration opportunities are limited, formal and informal economies overlap, and unresolved grievances persist. \\n \u2018Do no harm\u2019 risk: Because DDR processes not only present the risk of reinforcing illicit activities and flows, but may also be vulnerable to corruption and capture, DDR practitioners shall ensure that processes are implemented in a manner that avoids inadvertently contributing to illicit flows and\/or retaliation by armed forces and groups that engage in criminal activities. This includes the careful selection of partnering institutions and groups to implement DDR processes. Within an organized crime\u2013conflict context, DDR processes may also present the risk of reinforcing extortion schemes through the payment of cash\/stipends to DDR participants as part of reinsertion assistance. Practitioners should consider the distribution of payments through the issuance of pre-paid cards, vouchers or digital transfers where possible, to reduce the risk that participants will be extorted by those engaged in criminal activities, including armed forces and groups. \\n Security risk: The possibility of armed groups directly targeting staff\/programmes they may perceive as hostile is high in ongoing conflict contexts, particularly if DDR processes are perceived to be associated with the removal of livelihoods and social status. Conversely, DDR practitioners who are perceived to be supporting individuals (formerly) associated with criminal activities, particularly those who engaged in violence against local populations, can also be at risk of reprisals by certain communities or national actors. It is also important that potential risks to communities and civil society groups that may arise as a consequence of their engagement with DDR processes be properly assessed, managed and mitigated. \\n Reputational risk: DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk of being seen as promoting impunity or being lenient towards individuals who may have engaged in schemes of violent governance against communities. DDR practitioners should also be aware of the risk that they may be seen as being complicit in abusive State policies and\/or behaviour, particularly if armed forces are known to engage in organized criminal activities and pervasive corruption. Due diligence and appropriate frameworks, safeguards and mechanisms shall be applied to continuously address these complex issues. \\n Legal risks: DDR practitioners who rely on Government donors may face additional challenges if these Governments insert conditions or clauses into their grant agreements in order to comply with Security Council resolutions. As stated in IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR, DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser if applicable host State national legislation criminalizes the provision of support, including to suspected terrorists or armed groups designated as terrorist organizations. For more information on legal issues and risks, see section 5.3 of this module.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1387, "Sentence":"Due diligence and appropriate frameworks, safeguards and mechanisms shall be applied to continuously address these complex issues.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime due diligence appropriate framework safeguard mechanism shall applied continuously address complex issue ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of DDR processes in organized crime contexts, practitioners shall undertake a comprehensive risk management scheme. The following list of organized crime\u2013related risks is intended to assist DDR practitioners to assess and manage vulnerabilities in such contexts in order to prevent negative consequences. \\n Programmatic risk: In contexts of ongoing conflict, organized crime activities can be used to further both economic and power-seeking gains. The risk that ex-combatants will be re- recruited or (continue to) engage in criminal activity is higher when conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. In the absence of a formal peace agreement, DDR participants may be more reluctant to give up the perceived opportunities that illicit activities offer, particularly when reintegration opportunities are limited, formal and informal economies overlap, and unresolved grievances persist. \\n \u2018Do no harm\u2019 risk: Because DDR processes not only present the risk of reinforcing illicit activities and flows, but may also be vulnerable to corruption and capture, DDR practitioners shall ensure that processes are implemented in a manner that avoids inadvertently contributing to illicit flows and\/or retaliation by armed forces and groups that engage in criminal activities. This includes the careful selection of partnering institutions and groups to implement DDR processes. Within an organized crime\u2013conflict context, DDR processes may also present the risk of reinforcing extortion schemes through the payment of cash\/stipends to DDR participants as part of reinsertion assistance. Practitioners should consider the distribution of payments through the issuance of pre-paid cards, vouchers or digital transfers where possible, to reduce the risk that participants will be extorted by those engaged in criminal activities, including armed forces and groups. \\n Security risk: The possibility of armed groups directly targeting staff\/programmes they may perceive as hostile is high in ongoing conflict contexts, particularly if DDR processes are perceived to be associated with the removal of livelihoods and social status. Conversely, DDR practitioners who are perceived to be supporting individuals (formerly) associated with criminal activities, particularly those who engaged in violence against local populations, can also be at risk of reprisals by certain communities or national actors. It is also important that potential risks to communities and civil society groups that may arise as a consequence of their engagement with DDR processes be properly assessed, managed and mitigated. \\n Reputational risk: DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk of being seen as promoting impunity or being lenient towards individuals who may have engaged in schemes of violent governance against communities. DDR practitioners should also be aware of the risk that they may be seen as being complicit in abusive State policies and\/or behaviour, particularly if armed forces are known to engage in organized criminal activities and pervasive corruption. Due diligence and appropriate frameworks, safeguards and mechanisms shall be applied to continuously address these complex issues. \\n Legal risks: DDR practitioners who rely on Government donors may face additional challenges if these Governments insert conditions or clauses into their grant agreements in order to comply with Security Council resolutions. As stated in IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR, DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser if applicable host State national legislation criminalizes the provision of support, including to suspected terrorists or armed groups designated as terrorist organizations. For more information on legal issues and risks, see section 5.3 of this module.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1387, "Sentence":"\\n Legal risks: DDR practitioners who rely on Government donors may face additional challenges if these Governments insert conditions or clauses into their grant agreements in order to comply with Security Council resolutions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n legal risk ddr practitioner rely government donor may face additional challenge government insert condition clause grant agreement order comply security council resolution ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of DDR processes in organized crime contexts, practitioners shall undertake a comprehensive risk management scheme. The following list of organized crime\u2013related risks is intended to assist DDR practitioners to assess and manage vulnerabilities in such contexts in order to prevent negative consequences. \\n Programmatic risk: In contexts of ongoing conflict, organized crime activities can be used to further both economic and power-seeking gains. The risk that ex-combatants will be re- recruited or (continue to) engage in criminal activity is higher when conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. In the absence of a formal peace agreement, DDR participants may be more reluctant to give up the perceived opportunities that illicit activities offer, particularly when reintegration opportunities are limited, formal and informal economies overlap, and unresolved grievances persist. \\n \u2018Do no harm\u2019 risk: Because DDR processes not only present the risk of reinforcing illicit activities and flows, but may also be vulnerable to corruption and capture, DDR practitioners shall ensure that processes are implemented in a manner that avoids inadvertently contributing to illicit flows and\/or retaliation by armed forces and groups that engage in criminal activities. This includes the careful selection of partnering institutions and groups to implement DDR processes. Within an organized crime\u2013conflict context, DDR processes may also present the risk of reinforcing extortion schemes through the payment of cash\/stipends to DDR participants as part of reinsertion assistance. Practitioners should consider the distribution of payments through the issuance of pre-paid cards, vouchers or digital transfers where possible, to reduce the risk that participants will be extorted by those engaged in criminal activities, including armed forces and groups. \\n Security risk: The possibility of armed groups directly targeting staff\/programmes they may perceive as hostile is high in ongoing conflict contexts, particularly if DDR processes are perceived to be associated with the removal of livelihoods and social status. Conversely, DDR practitioners who are perceived to be supporting individuals (formerly) associated with criminal activities, particularly those who engaged in violence against local populations, can also be at risk of reprisals by certain communities or national actors. It is also important that potential risks to communities and civil society groups that may arise as a consequence of their engagement with DDR processes be properly assessed, managed and mitigated. \\n Reputational risk: DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk of being seen as promoting impunity or being lenient towards individuals who may have engaged in schemes of violent governance against communities. DDR practitioners should also be aware of the risk that they may be seen as being complicit in abusive State policies and\/or behaviour, particularly if armed forces are known to engage in organized criminal activities and pervasive corruption. Due diligence and appropriate frameworks, safeguards and mechanisms shall be applied to continuously address these complex issues. \\n Legal risks: DDR practitioners who rely on Government donors may face additional challenges if these Governments insert conditions or clauses into their grant agreements in order to comply with Security Council resolutions. As stated in IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR, DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser if applicable host State national legislation criminalizes the provision of support, including to suspected terrorists or armed groups designated as terrorist organizations. For more information on legal issues and risks, see section 5.3 of this module.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1387, "Sentence":"As stated in IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR, DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser if applicable host State national legislation criminalizes the provision of support, including to suspected terrorists or armed groups designated as terrorist organizations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime stated iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr ddr practitioner consult legal adviser applicable host state national legislation criminalizes provision support including suspected terrorist armed group designated terrorist organization ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In the planning, design, implementation and monitoring of DDR processes in organized crime contexts, practitioners shall undertake a comprehensive risk management scheme. The following list of organized crime\u2013related risks is intended to assist DDR practitioners to assess and manage vulnerabilities in such contexts in order to prevent negative consequences. \\n Programmatic risk: In contexts of ongoing conflict, organized crime activities can be used to further both economic and power-seeking gains. The risk that ex-combatants will be re- recruited or (continue to) engage in criminal activity is higher when conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. In the absence of a formal peace agreement, DDR participants may be more reluctant to give up the perceived opportunities that illicit activities offer, particularly when reintegration opportunities are limited, formal and informal economies overlap, and unresolved grievances persist. \\n \u2018Do no harm\u2019 risk: Because DDR processes not only present the risk of reinforcing illicit activities and flows, but may also be vulnerable to corruption and capture, DDR practitioners shall ensure that processes are implemented in a manner that avoids inadvertently contributing to illicit flows and\/or retaliation by armed forces and groups that engage in criminal activities. This includes the careful selection of partnering institutions and groups to implement DDR processes. Within an organized crime\u2013conflict context, DDR processes may also present the risk of reinforcing extortion schemes through the payment of cash\/stipends to DDR participants as part of reinsertion assistance. Practitioners should consider the distribution of payments through the issuance of pre-paid cards, vouchers or digital transfers where possible, to reduce the risk that participants will be extorted by those engaged in criminal activities, including armed forces and groups. \\n Security risk: The possibility of armed groups directly targeting staff\/programmes they may perceive as hostile is high in ongoing conflict contexts, particularly if DDR processes are perceived to be associated with the removal of livelihoods and social status. Conversely, DDR practitioners who are perceived to be supporting individuals (formerly) associated with criminal activities, particularly those who engaged in violence against local populations, can also be at risk of reprisals by certain communities or national actors. It is also important that potential risks to communities and civil society groups that may arise as a consequence of their engagement with DDR processes be properly assessed, managed and mitigated. \\n Reputational risk: DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk of being seen as promoting impunity or being lenient towards individuals who may have engaged in schemes of violent governance against communities. DDR practitioners should also be aware of the risk that they may be seen as being complicit in abusive State policies and\/or behaviour, particularly if armed forces are known to engage in organized criminal activities and pervasive corruption. Due diligence and appropriate frameworks, safeguards and mechanisms shall be applied to continuously address these complex issues. \\n Legal risks: DDR practitioners who rely on Government donors may face additional challenges if these Governments insert conditions or clauses into their grant agreements in order to comply with Security Council resolutions. As stated in IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR, DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser if applicable host State national legislation criminalizes the provision of support, including to suspected terrorists or armed groups designated as terrorist organizations. For more information on legal issues and risks, see section 5.3 of this module.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1387, "Sentence":"For more information on legal issues and risks, see section 5.3 of this module.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information legal issue risk see section 5.3 module ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Opportunities for joint approaches in combatting organized crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Planning for DDR processes should be undertaken with a diverse range of partners. By coordinating with Government institutions, the criminal justice sector, academia, civil society and the private sector, DDR can provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with a wide range of viable alternatives to criminal activities and violence.While the nature of partnerships in DDR processes may vary, local actors possess in-depth knowledge of the local context. This knowledge should serve as an entry point for joint approaches, particularly in the mapping of actors and local conditions. DDR practitioners can also draw on the research skills of academia and crime observatories to build evidence-based DDR processes. Additionally, cooperation with the criminal justice sector can provide a basis for the sharing of criminal intelligence and expertise to inform DDR processes, as well as capacity- building to assist in the integration of former combatants.DDR practitioners should recognize that not only local authorities, but also civil society actors and the private sector, may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development and ensure its long-term sustainability. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought. Local partnerships contribute to the collective ownership of DDR processes. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national and local development actors, strategies and priorities.Beyond engagement with local actors, when conflict and organized crime have a transnational element, DDR practitioners should seek to build partnerships regionally to coordinate the repatriation and sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Armed forces and groups may engage in criminal activities that span borders in terms of perpetrators, victims, violence, supply chains and commodities, including arms and ammunition. When armed conflicts affect more than one country, DDR practitioners should engage regional bodies to address issues related to armed groups operating on foreign territory and to coordinate the repatriation of victims of trafficking. Moreover, even when an armed conflict remains in one country, DDR practitioners should be aware that criminal links may transcend borders and should avoid inadvertently reinforcing illicit cross-border flows. For further information, see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1388, "Sentence":"Planning for DDR processes should be undertaken with a diverse range of partners.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime planning ddr process undertaken diverse range partner ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Opportunities for joint approaches in combatting organized crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Planning for DDR processes should be undertaken with a diverse range of partners. By coordinating with Government institutions, the criminal justice sector, academia, civil society and the private sector, DDR can provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with a wide range of viable alternatives to criminal activities and violence.While the nature of partnerships in DDR processes may vary, local actors possess in-depth knowledge of the local context. This knowledge should serve as an entry point for joint approaches, particularly in the mapping of actors and local conditions. DDR practitioners can also draw on the research skills of academia and crime observatories to build evidence-based DDR processes. Additionally, cooperation with the criminal justice sector can provide a basis for the sharing of criminal intelligence and expertise to inform DDR processes, as well as capacity- building to assist in the integration of former combatants.DDR practitioners should recognize that not only local authorities, but also civil society actors and the private sector, may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development and ensure its long-term sustainability. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought. Local partnerships contribute to the collective ownership of DDR processes. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national and local development actors, strategies and priorities.Beyond engagement with local actors, when conflict and organized crime have a transnational element, DDR practitioners should seek to build partnerships regionally to coordinate the repatriation and sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Armed forces and groups may engage in criminal activities that span borders in terms of perpetrators, victims, violence, supply chains and commodities, including arms and ammunition. When armed conflicts affect more than one country, DDR practitioners should engage regional bodies to address issues related to armed groups operating on foreign territory and to coordinate the repatriation of victims of trafficking. Moreover, even when an armed conflict remains in one country, DDR practitioners should be aware that criminal links may transcend borders and should avoid inadvertently reinforcing illicit cross-border flows. For further information, see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1388, "Sentence":"By coordinating with Government institutions, the criminal justice sector, academia, civil society and the private sector, DDR can provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with a wide range of viable alternatives to criminal activities and violence.While the nature of partnerships in DDR processes may vary, local actors possess in-depth knowledge of the local context.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime coordinating government institution criminal justice sector academia civil society private sector ddr provide excombatants person formerly associated armed force group wide range viable alternative criminal activity violence.while nature partnership ddr process may vary local actor posse indepth knowledge local context ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Opportunities for joint approaches in combatting organized crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Planning for DDR processes should be undertaken with a diverse range of partners. By coordinating with Government institutions, the criminal justice sector, academia, civil society and the private sector, DDR can provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with a wide range of viable alternatives to criminal activities and violence.While the nature of partnerships in DDR processes may vary, local actors possess in-depth knowledge of the local context. This knowledge should serve as an entry point for joint approaches, particularly in the mapping of actors and local conditions. DDR practitioners can also draw on the research skills of academia and crime observatories to build evidence-based DDR processes. Additionally, cooperation with the criminal justice sector can provide a basis for the sharing of criminal intelligence and expertise to inform DDR processes, as well as capacity- building to assist in the integration of former combatants.DDR practitioners should recognize that not only local authorities, but also civil society actors and the private sector, may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development and ensure its long-term sustainability. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought. Local partnerships contribute to the collective ownership of DDR processes. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national and local development actors, strategies and priorities.Beyond engagement with local actors, when conflict and organized crime have a transnational element, DDR practitioners should seek to build partnerships regionally to coordinate the repatriation and sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Armed forces and groups may engage in criminal activities that span borders in terms of perpetrators, victims, violence, supply chains and commodities, including arms and ammunition. When armed conflicts affect more than one country, DDR practitioners should engage regional bodies to address issues related to armed groups operating on foreign territory and to coordinate the repatriation of victims of trafficking. Moreover, even when an armed conflict remains in one country, DDR practitioners should be aware that criminal links may transcend borders and should avoid inadvertently reinforcing illicit cross-border flows. For further information, see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1388, "Sentence":"This knowledge should serve as an entry point for joint approaches, particularly in the mapping of actors and local conditions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime knowledge serve entry point joint approach particularly mapping actor local condition ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Opportunities for joint approaches in combatting organized crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Planning for DDR processes should be undertaken with a diverse range of partners. By coordinating with Government institutions, the criminal justice sector, academia, civil society and the private sector, DDR can provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with a wide range of viable alternatives to criminal activities and violence.While the nature of partnerships in DDR processes may vary, local actors possess in-depth knowledge of the local context. This knowledge should serve as an entry point for joint approaches, particularly in the mapping of actors and local conditions. DDR practitioners can also draw on the research skills of academia and crime observatories to build evidence-based DDR processes. Additionally, cooperation with the criminal justice sector can provide a basis for the sharing of criminal intelligence and expertise to inform DDR processes, as well as capacity- building to assist in the integration of former combatants.DDR practitioners should recognize that not only local authorities, but also civil society actors and the private sector, may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development and ensure its long-term sustainability. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought. Local partnerships contribute to the collective ownership of DDR processes. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national and local development actors, strategies and priorities.Beyond engagement with local actors, when conflict and organized crime have a transnational element, DDR practitioners should seek to build partnerships regionally to coordinate the repatriation and sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Armed forces and groups may engage in criminal activities that span borders in terms of perpetrators, victims, violence, supply chains and commodities, including arms and ammunition. When armed conflicts affect more than one country, DDR practitioners should engage regional bodies to address issues related to armed groups operating on foreign territory and to coordinate the repatriation of victims of trafficking. Moreover, even when an armed conflict remains in one country, DDR practitioners should be aware that criminal links may transcend borders and should avoid inadvertently reinforcing illicit cross-border flows. For further information, see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1388, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners can also draw on the research skills of academia and crime observatories to build evidence-based DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner also draw research skill academia crime observatory build evidencebased ddr process ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Opportunities for joint approaches in combatting organized crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Planning for DDR processes should be undertaken with a diverse range of partners. By coordinating with Government institutions, the criminal justice sector, academia, civil society and the private sector, DDR can provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with a wide range of viable alternatives to criminal activities and violence.While the nature of partnerships in DDR processes may vary, local actors possess in-depth knowledge of the local context. This knowledge should serve as an entry point for joint approaches, particularly in the mapping of actors and local conditions. DDR practitioners can also draw on the research skills of academia and crime observatories to build evidence-based DDR processes. Additionally, cooperation with the criminal justice sector can provide a basis for the sharing of criminal intelligence and expertise to inform DDR processes, as well as capacity- building to assist in the integration of former combatants.DDR practitioners should recognize that not only local authorities, but also civil society actors and the private sector, may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development and ensure its long-term sustainability. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought. Local partnerships contribute to the collective ownership of DDR processes. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national and local development actors, strategies and priorities.Beyond engagement with local actors, when conflict and organized crime have a transnational element, DDR practitioners should seek to build partnerships regionally to coordinate the repatriation and sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Armed forces and groups may engage in criminal activities that span borders in terms of perpetrators, victims, violence, supply chains and commodities, including arms and ammunition. When armed conflicts affect more than one country, DDR practitioners should engage regional bodies to address issues related to armed groups operating on foreign territory and to coordinate the repatriation of victims of trafficking. Moreover, even when an armed conflict remains in one country, DDR practitioners should be aware that criminal links may transcend borders and should avoid inadvertently reinforcing illicit cross-border flows. For further information, see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1388, "Sentence":"Additionally, cooperation with the criminal justice sector can provide a basis for the sharing of criminal intelligence and expertise to inform DDR processes, as well as capacity- building to assist in the integration of former combatants.DDR practitioners should recognize that not only local authorities, but also civil society actors and the private sector, may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development and ensure its long-term sustainability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime additionally cooperation criminal justice sector provide basis sharing criminal intelligence expertise inform ddr process well capacity building assist integration former combatants.ddr practitioner recognize local authority also civil society actor private sector may frontline responder lay foundation peace development ensure longterm sustainability ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Opportunities for joint approaches in combatting organized crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Planning for DDR processes should be undertaken with a diverse range of partners. By coordinating with Government institutions, the criminal justice sector, academia, civil society and the private sector, DDR can provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with a wide range of viable alternatives to criminal activities and violence.While the nature of partnerships in DDR processes may vary, local actors possess in-depth knowledge of the local context. This knowledge should serve as an entry point for joint approaches, particularly in the mapping of actors and local conditions. DDR practitioners can also draw on the research skills of academia and crime observatories to build evidence-based DDR processes. Additionally, cooperation with the criminal justice sector can provide a basis for the sharing of criminal intelligence and expertise to inform DDR processes, as well as capacity- building to assist in the integration of former combatants.DDR practitioners should recognize that not only local authorities, but also civil society actors and the private sector, may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development and ensure its long-term sustainability. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought. Local partnerships contribute to the collective ownership of DDR processes. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national and local development actors, strategies and priorities.Beyond engagement with local actors, when conflict and organized crime have a transnational element, DDR practitioners should seek to build partnerships regionally to coordinate the repatriation and sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Armed forces and groups may engage in criminal activities that span borders in terms of perpetrators, victims, violence, supply chains and commodities, including arms and ammunition. When armed conflicts affect more than one country, DDR practitioners should engage regional bodies to address issues related to armed groups operating on foreign territory and to coordinate the repatriation of victims of trafficking. Moreover, even when an armed conflict remains in one country, DDR practitioners should be aware that criminal links may transcend borders and should avoid inadvertently reinforcing illicit cross-border flows. For further information, see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1388, "Sentence":"Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime innovative financing source partnership sought ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Opportunities for joint approaches in combatting organized crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Planning for DDR processes should be undertaken with a diverse range of partners. By coordinating with Government institutions, the criminal justice sector, academia, civil society and the private sector, DDR can provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with a wide range of viable alternatives to criminal activities and violence.While the nature of partnerships in DDR processes may vary, local actors possess in-depth knowledge of the local context. This knowledge should serve as an entry point for joint approaches, particularly in the mapping of actors and local conditions. DDR practitioners can also draw on the research skills of academia and crime observatories to build evidence-based DDR processes. Additionally, cooperation with the criminal justice sector can provide a basis for the sharing of criminal intelligence and expertise to inform DDR processes, as well as capacity- building to assist in the integration of former combatants.DDR practitioners should recognize that not only local authorities, but also civil society actors and the private sector, may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development and ensure its long-term sustainability. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought. Local partnerships contribute to the collective ownership of DDR processes. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national and local development actors, strategies and priorities.Beyond engagement with local actors, when conflict and organized crime have a transnational element, DDR practitioners should seek to build partnerships regionally to coordinate the repatriation and sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Armed forces and groups may engage in criminal activities that span borders in terms of perpetrators, victims, violence, supply chains and commodities, including arms and ammunition. When armed conflicts affect more than one country, DDR practitioners should engage regional bodies to address issues related to armed groups operating on foreign territory and to coordinate the repatriation of victims of trafficking. Moreover, even when an armed conflict remains in one country, DDR practitioners should be aware that criminal links may transcend borders and should avoid inadvertently reinforcing illicit cross-border flows. For further information, see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1388, "Sentence":"Local partnerships contribute to the collective ownership of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime local partnership contribute collective ownership ddr process ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Opportunities for joint approaches in combatting organized crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Planning for DDR processes should be undertaken with a diverse range of partners. By coordinating with Government institutions, the criminal justice sector, academia, civil society and the private sector, DDR can provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with a wide range of viable alternatives to criminal activities and violence.While the nature of partnerships in DDR processes may vary, local actors possess in-depth knowledge of the local context. This knowledge should serve as an entry point for joint approaches, particularly in the mapping of actors and local conditions. DDR practitioners can also draw on the research skills of academia and crime observatories to build evidence-based DDR processes. Additionally, cooperation with the criminal justice sector can provide a basis for the sharing of criminal intelligence and expertise to inform DDR processes, as well as capacity- building to assist in the integration of former combatants.DDR practitioners should recognize that not only local authorities, but also civil society actors and the private sector, may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development and ensure its long-term sustainability. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought. Local partnerships contribute to the collective ownership of DDR processes. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national and local development actors, strategies and priorities.Beyond engagement with local actors, when conflict and organized crime have a transnational element, DDR practitioners should seek to build partnerships regionally to coordinate the repatriation and sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Armed forces and groups may engage in criminal activities that span borders in terms of perpetrators, victims, violence, supply chains and commodities, including arms and ammunition. When armed conflicts affect more than one country, DDR practitioners should engage regional bodies to address issues related to armed groups operating on foreign territory and to coordinate the repatriation of victims of trafficking. Moreover, even when an armed conflict remains in one country, DDR practitioners should be aware that criminal links may transcend borders and should avoid inadvertently reinforcing illicit cross-border flows. For further information, see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1388, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national and local development actors, strategies and priorities.Beyond engagement with local actors, when conflict and organized crime have a transnational element, DDR practitioners should seek to build partnerships regionally to coordinate the repatriation and sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner therefore exposed national local development actor strategy priorities.beyond engagement local actor conflict organized crime transnational element ddr practitioner seek build partnership regionally coordinate repatriation sustainable reintegration excombatants person associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Opportunities for joint approaches in combatting organized crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Planning for DDR processes should be undertaken with a diverse range of partners. By coordinating with Government institutions, the criminal justice sector, academia, civil society and the private sector, DDR can provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with a wide range of viable alternatives to criminal activities and violence.While the nature of partnerships in DDR processes may vary, local actors possess in-depth knowledge of the local context. This knowledge should serve as an entry point for joint approaches, particularly in the mapping of actors and local conditions. DDR practitioners can also draw on the research skills of academia and crime observatories to build evidence-based DDR processes. Additionally, cooperation with the criminal justice sector can provide a basis for the sharing of criminal intelligence and expertise to inform DDR processes, as well as capacity- building to assist in the integration of former combatants.DDR practitioners should recognize that not only local authorities, but also civil society actors and the private sector, may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development and ensure its long-term sustainability. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought. Local partnerships contribute to the collective ownership of DDR processes. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national and local development actors, strategies and priorities.Beyond engagement with local actors, when conflict and organized crime have a transnational element, DDR practitioners should seek to build partnerships regionally to coordinate the repatriation and sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Armed forces and groups may engage in criminal activities that span borders in terms of perpetrators, victims, violence, supply chains and commodities, including arms and ammunition. When armed conflicts affect more than one country, DDR practitioners should engage regional bodies to address issues related to armed groups operating on foreign territory and to coordinate the repatriation of victims of trafficking. Moreover, even when an armed conflict remains in one country, DDR practitioners should be aware that criminal links may transcend borders and should avoid inadvertently reinforcing illicit cross-border flows. For further information, see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1388, "Sentence":"Armed forces and groups may engage in criminal activities that span borders in terms of perpetrators, victims, violence, supply chains and commodities, including arms and ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime armed force group may engage criminal activity span border term perpetrator victim violence supply chain commodity including arm ammunition ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Opportunities for joint approaches in combatting organized crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Planning for DDR processes should be undertaken with a diverse range of partners. By coordinating with Government institutions, the criminal justice sector, academia, civil society and the private sector, DDR can provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with a wide range of viable alternatives to criminal activities and violence.While the nature of partnerships in DDR processes may vary, local actors possess in-depth knowledge of the local context. This knowledge should serve as an entry point for joint approaches, particularly in the mapping of actors and local conditions. DDR practitioners can also draw on the research skills of academia and crime observatories to build evidence-based DDR processes. Additionally, cooperation with the criminal justice sector can provide a basis for the sharing of criminal intelligence and expertise to inform DDR processes, as well as capacity- building to assist in the integration of former combatants.DDR practitioners should recognize that not only local authorities, but also civil society actors and the private sector, may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development and ensure its long-term sustainability. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought. Local partnerships contribute to the collective ownership of DDR processes. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national and local development actors, strategies and priorities.Beyond engagement with local actors, when conflict and organized crime have a transnational element, DDR practitioners should seek to build partnerships regionally to coordinate the repatriation and sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Armed forces and groups may engage in criminal activities that span borders in terms of perpetrators, victims, violence, supply chains and commodities, including arms and ammunition. When armed conflicts affect more than one country, DDR practitioners should engage regional bodies to address issues related to armed groups operating on foreign territory and to coordinate the repatriation of victims of trafficking. Moreover, even when an armed conflict remains in one country, DDR practitioners should be aware that criminal links may transcend borders and should avoid inadvertently reinforcing illicit cross-border flows. For further information, see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1388, "Sentence":"When armed conflicts affect more than one country, DDR practitioners should engage regional bodies to address issues related to armed groups operating on foreign territory and to coordinate the repatriation of victims of trafficking.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime armed conflict affect one country ddr practitioner engage regional body address issue related armed group operating foreign territory coordinate repatriation victim trafficking ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Opportunities for joint approaches in combatting organized crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Planning for DDR processes should be undertaken with a diverse range of partners. By coordinating with Government institutions, the criminal justice sector, academia, civil society and the private sector, DDR can provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with a wide range of viable alternatives to criminal activities and violence.While the nature of partnerships in DDR processes may vary, local actors possess in-depth knowledge of the local context. This knowledge should serve as an entry point for joint approaches, particularly in the mapping of actors and local conditions. DDR practitioners can also draw on the research skills of academia and crime observatories to build evidence-based DDR processes. Additionally, cooperation with the criminal justice sector can provide a basis for the sharing of criminal intelligence and expertise to inform DDR processes, as well as capacity- building to assist in the integration of former combatants.DDR practitioners should recognize that not only local authorities, but also civil society actors and the private sector, may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development and ensure its long-term sustainability. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought. Local partnerships contribute to the collective ownership of DDR processes. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national and local development actors, strategies and priorities.Beyond engagement with local actors, when conflict and organized crime have a transnational element, DDR practitioners should seek to build partnerships regionally to coordinate the repatriation and sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Armed forces and groups may engage in criminal activities that span borders in terms of perpetrators, victims, violence, supply chains and commodities, including arms and ammunition. When armed conflicts affect more than one country, DDR practitioners should engage regional bodies to address issues related to armed groups operating on foreign territory and to coordinate the repatriation of victims of trafficking. Moreover, even when an armed conflict remains in one country, DDR practitioners should be aware that criminal links may transcend borders and should avoid inadvertently reinforcing illicit cross-border flows. For further information, see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1388, "Sentence":"Moreover, even when an armed conflict remains in one country, DDR practitioners should be aware that criminal links may transcend borders and should avoid inadvertently reinforcing illicit cross-border flows.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime moreover even armed conflict remains one country ddr practitioner aware criminal link may transcend border avoid inadvertently reinforcing illicit crossborder flow ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Opportunities for joint approaches in combatting organized crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Planning for DDR processes should be undertaken with a diverse range of partners. By coordinating with Government institutions, the criminal justice sector, academia, civil society and the private sector, DDR can provide ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups with a wide range of viable alternatives to criminal activities and violence.While the nature of partnerships in DDR processes may vary, local actors possess in-depth knowledge of the local context. This knowledge should serve as an entry point for joint approaches, particularly in the mapping of actors and local conditions. DDR practitioners can also draw on the research skills of academia and crime observatories to build evidence-based DDR processes. Additionally, cooperation with the criminal justice sector can provide a basis for the sharing of criminal intelligence and expertise to inform DDR processes, as well as capacity- building to assist in the integration of former combatants.DDR practitioners should recognize that not only local authorities, but also civil society actors and the private sector, may be the frontline responders who lay the foundation for peace and development and ensure its long-term sustainability. Innovative financing sources and partnerships should be sought. Local partnerships contribute to the collective ownership of DDR processes. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national and local development actors, strategies and priorities.Beyond engagement with local actors, when conflict and organized crime have a transnational element, DDR practitioners should seek to build partnerships regionally to coordinate the repatriation and sustainable reintegration of ex-combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. Armed forces and groups may engage in criminal activities that span borders in terms of perpetrators, victims, violence, supply chains and commodities, including arms and ammunition. When armed conflicts affect more than one country, DDR practitioners should engage regional bodies to address issues related to armed groups operating on foreign territory and to coordinate the repatriation of victims of trafficking. Moreover, even when an armed conflict remains in one country, DDR practitioners should be aware that criminal links may transcend borders and should avoid inadvertently reinforcing illicit cross-border flows. For further information, see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1388, "Sentence":"For further information, see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information see iddrs 5.40 crossborder population movement ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.4 DDR prioritization in organized crime-conflict settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Based on a local mapping of the conflict and its ties to criminal activities, DDR practitioners should set out their primary objectives, taking into account risk factors while managing expectations. It may be useful to outline priorities sequentially, in terms of short-, medium-, and long-term goals, followed by how to achieve them and a baseline of areas for bargaining and concessions. For example, recognizing that some criminal market types are beneficial to local communities in terms of employment, DDR practitioners may negotiate with ex-combatants to continue their involvement in informal economies temporarily, rather than providing training for employment opportunities that do not yet exist. When setting out these objectives, DDR practitioners should be thorough and organized but flexible enough to adapt to changes in the conflict landscape.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1389, "Sentence":"Based on a local mapping of the conflict and its ties to criminal activities, DDR practitioners should set out their primary objectives, taking into account risk factors while managing expectations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime based local mapping conflict tie criminal activity ddr practitioner set primary objective taking account risk factor managing expectation ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.4 DDR prioritization in organized crime-conflict settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Based on a local mapping of the conflict and its ties to criminal activities, DDR practitioners should set out their primary objectives, taking into account risk factors while managing expectations. It may be useful to outline priorities sequentially, in terms of short-, medium-, and long-term goals, followed by how to achieve them and a baseline of areas for bargaining and concessions. For example, recognizing that some criminal market types are beneficial to local communities in terms of employment, DDR practitioners may negotiate with ex-combatants to continue their involvement in informal economies temporarily, rather than providing training for employment opportunities that do not yet exist. When setting out these objectives, DDR practitioners should be thorough and organized but flexible enough to adapt to changes in the conflict landscape.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1389, "Sentence":"It may be useful to outline priorities sequentially, in terms of short-, medium-, and long-term goals, followed by how to achieve them and a baseline of areas for bargaining and concessions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime may useful outline priority sequentially term short medium longterm goal followed achieve baseline area bargaining concession ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.4 DDR prioritization in organized crime-conflict settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Based on a local mapping of the conflict and its ties to criminal activities, DDR practitioners should set out their primary objectives, taking into account risk factors while managing expectations. It may be useful to outline priorities sequentially, in terms of short-, medium-, and long-term goals, followed by how to achieve them and a baseline of areas for bargaining and concessions. For example, recognizing that some criminal market types are beneficial to local communities in terms of employment, DDR practitioners may negotiate with ex-combatants to continue their involvement in informal economies temporarily, rather than providing training for employment opportunities that do not yet exist. When setting out these objectives, DDR practitioners should be thorough and organized but flexible enough to adapt to changes in the conflict landscape.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1389, "Sentence":"For example, recognizing that some criminal market types are beneficial to local communities in terms of employment, DDR practitioners may negotiate with ex-combatants to continue their involvement in informal economies temporarily, rather than providing training for employment opportunities that do not yet exist.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime example recognizing criminal market type beneficial local community term employment ddr practitioner may negotiate excombatants continue involvement informal economy temporarily rather providing training employment opportunity yet exist ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"6. DDR and organized crime: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.4 DDR prioritization in organized crime-conflict settings", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Based on a local mapping of the conflict and its ties to criminal activities, DDR practitioners should set out their primary objectives, taking into account risk factors while managing expectations. It may be useful to outline priorities sequentially, in terms of short-, medium-, and long-term goals, followed by how to achieve them and a baseline of areas for bargaining and concessions. For example, recognizing that some criminal market types are beneficial to local communities in terms of employment, DDR practitioners may negotiate with ex-combatants to continue their involvement in informal economies temporarily, rather than providing training for employment opportunities that do not yet exist. When setting out these objectives, DDR practitioners should be thorough and organized but flexible enough to adapt to changes in the conflict landscape.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1389, "Sentence":"When setting out these objectives, DDR practitioners should be thorough and organized but flexible enough to adapt to changes in the conflict landscape.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime setting objective ddr practitioner thorough organized flexible enough adapt change conflict landscape ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The trafficking of arms and ammunition supports the capacity of armed groups to engage in conflict settings. Disarmament as part of a DDR programme is essential to developing and maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place and can play an important role in crime prevention (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Moreover, in many cases, Government stockpiles can be a key source of illicit weapons and ammunition, underlining the need to support the development of national weapons and ammunition management capacity. While arms trafficking in and of itself is a direct factor in the duration and escalation of violence, the possession of weapons also secures the ability to maintain or expand other criminal economies, including human trafficking, environmental crimes and the illicit drug trade.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1390, "Sentence":"The trafficking of arms and ammunition supports the capacity of armed groups to engage in conflict settings.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime trafficking arm ammunition support capacity armed group engage conflict setting ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The trafficking of arms and ammunition supports the capacity of armed groups to engage in conflict settings. Disarmament as part of a DDR programme is essential to developing and maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place and can play an important role in crime prevention (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Moreover, in many cases, Government stockpiles can be a key source of illicit weapons and ammunition, underlining the need to support the development of national weapons and ammunition management capacity. While arms trafficking in and of itself is a direct factor in the duration and escalation of violence, the possession of weapons also secures the ability to maintain or expand other criminal economies, including human trafficking, environmental crimes and the illicit drug trade.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1390, "Sentence":"Disarmament as part of a DDR programme is essential to developing and maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place and can play an important role in crime prevention (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime disarmament part ddr programme essential developing maintaining secure environment demobilization reintegration take place play important role crime prevention see iddrs 4.10 disarmament ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The trafficking of arms and ammunition supports the capacity of armed groups to engage in conflict settings. Disarmament as part of a DDR programme is essential to developing and maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place and can play an important role in crime prevention (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Moreover, in many cases, Government stockpiles can be a key source of illicit weapons and ammunition, underlining the need to support the development of national weapons and ammunition management capacity. While arms trafficking in and of itself is a direct factor in the duration and escalation of violence, the possession of weapons also secures the ability to maintain or expand other criminal economies, including human trafficking, environmental crimes and the illicit drug trade.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1390, "Sentence":"Moreover, in many cases, Government stockpiles can be a key source of illicit weapons and ammunition, underlining the need to support the development of national weapons and ammunition management capacity.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime moreover many case government stockpile key source illicit weapon ammunition underlining need support development national weapon ammunition management capacity ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"The trafficking of arms and ammunition supports the capacity of armed groups to engage in conflict settings. Disarmament as part of a DDR programme is essential to developing and maintaining a secure environment in which demobilization and reintegration can take place and can play an important role in crime prevention (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Moreover, in many cases, Government stockpiles can be a key source of illicit weapons and ammunition, underlining the need to support the development of national weapons and ammunition management capacity. While arms trafficking in and of itself is a direct factor in the duration and escalation of violence, the possession of weapons also secures the ability to maintain or expand other criminal economies, including human trafficking, environmental crimes and the illicit drug trade.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1390, "Sentence":"While arms trafficking in and of itself is a direct factor in the duration and escalation of violence, the possession of weapons also secures the ability to maintain or expand other criminal economies, including human trafficking, environmental crimes and the illicit drug trade.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime arm trafficking direct factor duration escalation violence possession weapon also secures ability maintain expand criminal economy including human trafficking environmental crime illicit drug trade ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime criminal activity economic predation entrenched armed group secure income pillaging lucrative natural resource movement good civilian predation ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime circumstance possession weapon ammunition merely function ongoing insecurity also economic asset mean control ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime weapon needed maintain protection economy centre around governance violence thereby creating enormous disincentive armed group disarm ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime even formal peace negotiation postconflict area may remain saturated weapon ammunition ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime widespread availability misuse lead increased crime renewed violence undermining peacebuilding effort ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime furthermore illicit trafficking weapon ammunition combined failure state provide security citizen local may motivated acquire weapon selfprotection.in addition consideration laid iddrs 4.10 disarmament ddr practitioner consider following key factor developing disarmament operation part ddr programme context organized crime ntransparency mechanism specifically collection destruction weapon ammunition explosive accounting monitoring measure place prevent diversion ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime includes recordkeeping weapon ammunition explosive collected disarmament phase ddr programme ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime transparency disposal weapon ammunition collected former conflict party key building trust ddr programme ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime destruction take place risk judicial evidence may lost result disposal especially risk linkage organized crime activity ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime recordkeeping tracing weapon mandatory ammunition feasible ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime use digital technology deployed recordkeeping possible allow weapon tracing time retrieval throughout management chain enhancing accountability ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information see iddrs 4.10 disarmament ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"\\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime nlink wider ssr arm control law enforcement agency conflictaffected country often lack capacity investigate prosecute weapon trafficking offender collect secure illegal weapon ammunition ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner therefore align effort broader arm control initiative ensure weapon ammunition management capacity deficit contribute illicit flow perpetration armed violence ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime understanding arm trafficking dynamic achieved ensuring collected weapon marked thus traceable critical countering illicit arm flow ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime absence understanding illicit flow may continue provide arm conflict party may continue provide trafficker incentive fuel armed conflict order create expand illicit arm market ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information see iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammunition management iddrs 6.10 ddr security sector reform.box 1 disarmament key question n role weapon ammunition commission crime including organized crime" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"\\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n social perspective conflict actor community weapon ammunition" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime step taken develop local norm illegal use weapon ammunition" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"\\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n source illicit weapon ammunition possible trafficking route" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"\\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n conflict setting step taken disrupt flow illicit weapon ammunition order reduce capacity individual group engage armed conflict criminal activity" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"\\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n ddr programme highlight constructive role woman may previously engaged illicit trafficking weapon and\/or ammunition" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime precaution taken avoid reinforcing creating genderbased inequality" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"\\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n extent would removal weapon ammunition jeopardize security economic opportunity excombatants community" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"\\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n disarmament appropriate ddrrelated tool transitional weapon ammunition management implemented" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime alternative stage demobilization reintegration offered prior disarmament gain trust contribute hand weapon ammunition" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Where criminal activities and economic predation are entrenched, armed groups can secure income through the pillaging of lucrative natural resources, movement of other goods or civilian predation. Under these circumstances, the possession of weapons and ammunition is not merely a function of ongoing insecurity but is also an economic asset and means of control. Weapons are needed to maintain protection economies that centre around governance and violence, thereby creating enormous disincentives for armed groups to disarm. Even after formal peace negotiations, post-conflict areas may remain saturated with weapons and ammunition. Their widespread availability and misuse can lead to increased crime and renewed violence, while undermining peacebuilding efforts. Furthermore, if illicit trafficking of weapons and ammunition is combined with the failure of the State to provide security to its citizens, locals may be motivated to acquire weapons for self-protection.In addition to the considerations laid out in IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, DDR practitioners should consider the following key factors when developing disarmament operations as part of DDR programmes in contexts of organized crime: \\nTransparency mechanisms: Specifically, the collection and destruction of weapons, ammunition and explosives should have accounting and monitoring measures in place to prevent diversion. This includes recordkeeping of weapons, ammunition and explosives collected during the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Transparency in the disposal of weapons and ammunition collected from former conflict parties is key to building trust in the DDR programme. Destruction should not take place if there is a risk that judicial evidence may be lost as a result of the disposal, and especially where there is a risk of linkages to organized crime activities. Recordkeeping and tracing of weapons should be mandatory, and of ammunition where feasible. The use of digital technology should be deployed during recordkeeping, where possible, to allow for weapons tracing from the time of retrieval and throughout the management chain, enhancing accountability. For further information, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament. \\nLink to wider SSR and arms control: Law enforcement agencies in conflict-affected countries often lack the capacity to investigate and prosecute weapons trafficking offenders and to collect and secure illegal weapons and ammunition. DDR practitioners should therefore align their efforts with broader arms control initiatives to ensure that weapons and ammunition management capacity deficits do not further contribute to illicit flows and the perpetration of armed violence. Understanding arms trafficking dynamics, achieved by ensuring collected weapons are marked and thus traceable, is critical to countering illicit arms flows. In the absence of this understanding, illicit flows may continue to provide arms to conflict parties and may continue to provide traffickers with incentives to fuel armed conflicts in order to create or expand their illicit arms market. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management and IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.BOX 1: DISARMAMENT: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the roles of weapons and ammunition in the commission of crime, including organized crime? \\n What are the social perspectives of conflict actors and communities on weapons and ammunition? What steps can be taken to develop local norms against the illegal use of weapons and ammunition? \\n What are the sources of illicit weapons and ammunition and possible trafficking routes? \\n In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of illicit weapons and ammunition in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and criminal activities? \\n How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have previously engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or ammunition? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n To what extent would the removal of weapons and ammunition jeopardize security and economic opportunities for ex-combatants and communities? \\n When disarmament is not appropriate, can DDR-related tools, such as transitional weapons and ammunition management, be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the hand over of weapons and ammunition? \\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1391, "Sentence":"\\n Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n proposed disarmament operation sufficient resource safely store weapon ammunition prevent diversion armed group engaged criminal activity" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime crimeconflict context demobilization part ddr programme present number challenge ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime formal controlled discharge active combatant may clear cut persuading relinquish tie organized criminal activity may harder ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime also true person associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime given clandestine nature organized crime establishing whether ddr programme participant continue engage organized crime may difficult.continued engagement organized criminal activity serve war effort may also offer former member armed force group stable livelihood otherwise would ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime case economic opportunity reward available violent predation and\/or patronage network might exceed expected ddr programme ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime therefore important shortterm reinsertion support offer linked longterm prospect sustainable livelihood sufficient fight perceived shortterm \u2018 benefit \u2019 engagement illicit activity ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information see iddrs 4.20 demobilization.moreover ddr programme participant swiftly integrated legal workforce probability falling prey organized criminal group finding livelihood illicit economy high ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime even member armed force group demobilize continue risk recruitment criminal group due expertise gained war ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime circumstance mean ddr practitioner compare ddr programme criminal group offer ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime example beyond economic incentive male combatant often perceive loss masculinity female excombatants struggle losing degree gender equality respect security compared wartime ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime demobilizing feeling comradeship belonging erode joining criminal group may serve replacement ddr programme fill gap.on hand involvement illicit activity may pose risk personal safety wellbeing former member armed force group family ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime individual may remain \u2018 loyal \u2019 criminal group fear retaliation ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime important ddr practitioner ensure safety ddr programme participant ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime similarly aim political actor built legitimacy local community demobilization may perceived accepting loss status defeat ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr programme participant may continue engage criminal activity postconflict order maintain provision good service local community thereby retaining loyalty respect.box 2 demobilization key question n risk reinsertion assistance equip former member armed force group skill used criminal activity" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"\\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n skill training catchup education provided part shortterm reinsertion assistance adequately initiate former member armed force group reality lawful economic social environment" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"\\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n safeguard put place prevent former member armed force group recruited criminal actor" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"\\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n demobilization offer organized crime" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime conversely organized crime offer demobilization" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime perceived benefit continued engagement illicit activity" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"In crime-conflict contexts, demobilization as part of a DDR programme presents a number of challenges. While the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants may be clear cut, persuading them to relinquish their ties to organized criminal activities may be harder. This is also true for persons associated with armed forces and groups. Given the clandestine nature of organized crime, establishing whether DDR programme participants continue to engage in organized crime may be difficult.Continued engagement in organized criminal activities can serve not only to further war efforts, but may also offer former members of armed forces and groups a stable livelihood that they otherwise would not have. In some cases, the economic opportunities and rewards available through violent predation and\/or patronage networks might exceed those expected through the DDR programme. Therefore, it is important that the short-term reinsertion support on offer is linked to long-term prospects for a sustainable livelihood and is sufficient to fight the perceived short-term \u2018benefits\u2019 from engagement in illicit activities. For further information, see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization.Moreover, if DDR programme participants are not swiftly integrated into the legal workforce, the probability of their falling prey to organized criminal groups or finding livelihoods in illicit economies is high. Even if members of armed forces and groups demobilize, they continue to be at risk for recruitment by criminal groups due to the expertise they have gained during war. These circumstances mean that DDR practitioners should compare what DDR programmes and criminal groups offer. For example, beyond economic incentives, male combatants often perceive a loss of masculinity, while female ex-combatants struggle with losing some degree of gender equality, respect and security compared to wartime. When demobilizing, feelings of comradeship and belonging can erode, and joining criminal groups may serve as a replacement if DDR programmes do not fill this gap.On the other hand, involvement in illicit activities may pose a risk to the personal safety and well-being of former members of armed forces and groups and their families. Individuals may remain \u2018loyal\u2019 to criminal groups for fear of retaliation. As such, it is important for DDR practitioners to ensure the safety of DDR programme participants. Similarly, where aims are political and actors have built legitimacy in local communities, demobilization may be perceived as accepting a loss of status or defeat. DDR programme participants may continue to engage in criminal activities post-conflict in order to maintain the provision of goods and services to local communities, thereby retaining loyalty and respect.BOX 2: DEMOBILIZATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used in criminal activities? \\n If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups into the realities of the lawful economic and social environment? \\n What safeguards can be put into place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from being recruited by criminal actors? \\n What does demobilization offer that organized crime does not? Conversely, what does organized crime offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1392, "Sentence":"\\n How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups, such as women and children, who may have engaged in and\/or been victims of organized crime in conflict?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n demobilization address specific need certain group woman child may engaged and\/or victim organized crime conflict" }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support should be based on an assessment of the economic, social, psychosocial and political challenges faced by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their families and communities. In addition to the guidance outlined in IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration, DDR practitioners should also consider the factors that sustain organized criminal networks and activities when planning reintegration support.In communities where engagement in illicit economies is widespread and normalized, certain criminal activities may have no social stigma attached to them. DDR practitioners or may even bring power and prestige. Ex-combatants \u2013 especially those who were previously in high-ranking positions \u2013 often share the same level of status as successful criminals, posing challenges to their long-lasting reintegration into lawful society. DDR practitioners should therefore consider the impact of involvement of ex-combatants\u2019 involvement in organized crime on the design of reintegration support programmes, taking into account the roles they played in illicit activities and crime-conflict dynamics in the society at large.DDR practitioners should examine the types and characteristics of criminal activities. While organized crime can encompass a range of activities, the distinction between violent and non- violent criminal enterprises, or non-labour intensive and labour-intensive criminal economies may help DDR practitioners to prioritize certain reintegration strategies. For example, some criminal market activities may be considered vital to the local economy of communities, particularly when employing most of the local workforce.Economic reintegration can be a challenging process because there may be few available jobs in the formal sector. It becomes imperative that reintegration support not only enable former members of armed forces and groups to earn a living, but that the livelihood is enough to disincentivize the return to illicit activities. In other cases, laissez-faire policies towards labour- intensive criminal economies, such as the exploitation of natural resources, may open windows of opportunity, regardless of their legality, and could be accompanied by a process to formalize and regulate informal and artisanal sectors. Partnerships with multiple stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, may be useful in devising holistic reintegration assessments and programmatic responses.The box below outlines key questions that DDR practitioners should consider when supporting reintegration in conflict-crime contexts. For further information on reintegration support, and specific guidance on environment crime, drug and human trafficking, see section 9.BOX 3: REINTEGRATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the risks and benefits involved in disrupting the illicit economies upon which communities depend? \\n How can support be distributed between former members of armed forces and groups, communities and victims in ways that are fair, facilitate reintegration, and avoid re-recruitment by organized criminal actors? \\n What steps can be taken when the reintegration support offered cannot outweigh the benefits offered through illicit activities? \\n What community-based monitoring initiatives can be put in place to ensure the sustained reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups and their continued non-involvement in criminal activities? \\n How can reintegration efforts work to address the motives and incentives of conflict actors through non-violent means, and what are the associated risks? \\n Which actors should contribute to addressing the conflict-crime nexus during reintegration, and in which capacity (including, among others, international agencies, public institutions, civil society and the private sector)?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1393, "Sentence":"Reintegration support should be based on an assessment of the economic, social, psychosocial and political challenges faced by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their families and communities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime reintegration support based assessment economic social psychosocial political challenge faced excombatants person formerly associated armed force group family community ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support should be based on an assessment of the economic, social, psychosocial and political challenges faced by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their families and communities. In addition to the guidance outlined in IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration, DDR practitioners should also consider the factors that sustain organized criminal networks and activities when planning reintegration support.In communities where engagement in illicit economies is widespread and normalized, certain criminal activities may have no social stigma attached to them. DDR practitioners or may even bring power and prestige. Ex-combatants \u2013 especially those who were previously in high-ranking positions \u2013 often share the same level of status as successful criminals, posing challenges to their long-lasting reintegration into lawful society. DDR practitioners should therefore consider the impact of involvement of ex-combatants\u2019 involvement in organized crime on the design of reintegration support programmes, taking into account the roles they played in illicit activities and crime-conflict dynamics in the society at large.DDR practitioners should examine the types and characteristics of criminal activities. While organized crime can encompass a range of activities, the distinction between violent and non- violent criminal enterprises, or non-labour intensive and labour-intensive criminal economies may help DDR practitioners to prioritize certain reintegration strategies. For example, some criminal market activities may be considered vital to the local economy of communities, particularly when employing most of the local workforce.Economic reintegration can be a challenging process because there may be few available jobs in the formal sector. It becomes imperative that reintegration support not only enable former members of armed forces and groups to earn a living, but that the livelihood is enough to disincentivize the return to illicit activities. In other cases, laissez-faire policies towards labour- intensive criminal economies, such as the exploitation of natural resources, may open windows of opportunity, regardless of their legality, and could be accompanied by a process to formalize and regulate informal and artisanal sectors. Partnerships with multiple stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, may be useful in devising holistic reintegration assessments and programmatic responses.The box below outlines key questions that DDR practitioners should consider when supporting reintegration in conflict-crime contexts. For further information on reintegration support, and specific guidance on environment crime, drug and human trafficking, see section 9.BOX 3: REINTEGRATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the risks and benefits involved in disrupting the illicit economies upon which communities depend? \\n How can support be distributed between former members of armed forces and groups, communities and victims in ways that are fair, facilitate reintegration, and avoid re-recruitment by organized criminal actors? \\n What steps can be taken when the reintegration support offered cannot outweigh the benefits offered through illicit activities? \\n What community-based monitoring initiatives can be put in place to ensure the sustained reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups and their continued non-involvement in criminal activities? \\n How can reintegration efforts work to address the motives and incentives of conflict actors through non-violent means, and what are the associated risks? \\n Which actors should contribute to addressing the conflict-crime nexus during reintegration, and in which capacity (including, among others, international agencies, public institutions, civil society and the private sector)?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1393, "Sentence":"In addition to the guidance outlined in IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration, DDR practitioners should also consider the factors that sustain organized criminal networks and activities when planning reintegration support.In communities where engagement in illicit economies is widespread and normalized, certain criminal activities may have no social stigma attached to them.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime addition guidance outlined iddrs 2.40 reintegration part sustaining peace iddrs 4.30 reintegration ddr practitioner also consider factor sustain organized criminal network activity planning reintegration support.in community engagement illicit economy widespread normalized certain criminal activity may social stigma attached ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support should be based on an assessment of the economic, social, psychosocial and political challenges faced by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their families and communities. In addition to the guidance outlined in IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration, DDR practitioners should also consider the factors that sustain organized criminal networks and activities when planning reintegration support.In communities where engagement in illicit economies is widespread and normalized, certain criminal activities may have no social stigma attached to them. DDR practitioners or may even bring power and prestige. Ex-combatants \u2013 especially those who were previously in high-ranking positions \u2013 often share the same level of status as successful criminals, posing challenges to their long-lasting reintegration into lawful society. DDR practitioners should therefore consider the impact of involvement of ex-combatants\u2019 involvement in organized crime on the design of reintegration support programmes, taking into account the roles they played in illicit activities and crime-conflict dynamics in the society at large.DDR practitioners should examine the types and characteristics of criminal activities. While organized crime can encompass a range of activities, the distinction between violent and non- violent criminal enterprises, or non-labour intensive and labour-intensive criminal economies may help DDR practitioners to prioritize certain reintegration strategies. For example, some criminal market activities may be considered vital to the local economy of communities, particularly when employing most of the local workforce.Economic reintegration can be a challenging process because there may be few available jobs in the formal sector. It becomes imperative that reintegration support not only enable former members of armed forces and groups to earn a living, but that the livelihood is enough to disincentivize the return to illicit activities. In other cases, laissez-faire policies towards labour- intensive criminal economies, such as the exploitation of natural resources, may open windows of opportunity, regardless of their legality, and could be accompanied by a process to formalize and regulate informal and artisanal sectors. Partnerships with multiple stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, may be useful in devising holistic reintegration assessments and programmatic responses.The box below outlines key questions that DDR practitioners should consider when supporting reintegration in conflict-crime contexts. For further information on reintegration support, and specific guidance on environment crime, drug and human trafficking, see section 9.BOX 3: REINTEGRATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the risks and benefits involved in disrupting the illicit economies upon which communities depend? \\n How can support be distributed between former members of armed forces and groups, communities and victims in ways that are fair, facilitate reintegration, and avoid re-recruitment by organized criminal actors? \\n What steps can be taken when the reintegration support offered cannot outweigh the benefits offered through illicit activities? \\n What community-based monitoring initiatives can be put in place to ensure the sustained reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups and their continued non-involvement in criminal activities? \\n How can reintegration efforts work to address the motives and incentives of conflict actors through non-violent means, and what are the associated risks? \\n Which actors should contribute to addressing the conflict-crime nexus during reintegration, and in which capacity (including, among others, international agencies, public institutions, civil society and the private sector)?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1393, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners or may even bring power and prestige.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner may even bring power prestige ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support should be based on an assessment of the economic, social, psychosocial and political challenges faced by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their families and communities. In addition to the guidance outlined in IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration, DDR practitioners should also consider the factors that sustain organized criminal networks and activities when planning reintegration support.In communities where engagement in illicit economies is widespread and normalized, certain criminal activities may have no social stigma attached to them. DDR practitioners or may even bring power and prestige. Ex-combatants \u2013 especially those who were previously in high-ranking positions \u2013 often share the same level of status as successful criminals, posing challenges to their long-lasting reintegration into lawful society. DDR practitioners should therefore consider the impact of involvement of ex-combatants\u2019 involvement in organized crime on the design of reintegration support programmes, taking into account the roles they played in illicit activities and crime-conflict dynamics in the society at large.DDR practitioners should examine the types and characteristics of criminal activities. While organized crime can encompass a range of activities, the distinction between violent and non- violent criminal enterprises, or non-labour intensive and labour-intensive criminal economies may help DDR practitioners to prioritize certain reintegration strategies. For example, some criminal market activities may be considered vital to the local economy of communities, particularly when employing most of the local workforce.Economic reintegration can be a challenging process because there may be few available jobs in the formal sector. It becomes imperative that reintegration support not only enable former members of armed forces and groups to earn a living, but that the livelihood is enough to disincentivize the return to illicit activities. In other cases, laissez-faire policies towards labour- intensive criminal economies, such as the exploitation of natural resources, may open windows of opportunity, regardless of their legality, and could be accompanied by a process to formalize and regulate informal and artisanal sectors. Partnerships with multiple stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, may be useful in devising holistic reintegration assessments and programmatic responses.The box below outlines key questions that DDR practitioners should consider when supporting reintegration in conflict-crime contexts. For further information on reintegration support, and specific guidance on environment crime, drug and human trafficking, see section 9.BOX 3: REINTEGRATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the risks and benefits involved in disrupting the illicit economies upon which communities depend? \\n How can support be distributed between former members of armed forces and groups, communities and victims in ways that are fair, facilitate reintegration, and avoid re-recruitment by organized criminal actors? \\n What steps can be taken when the reintegration support offered cannot outweigh the benefits offered through illicit activities? \\n What community-based monitoring initiatives can be put in place to ensure the sustained reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups and their continued non-involvement in criminal activities? \\n How can reintegration efforts work to address the motives and incentives of conflict actors through non-violent means, and what are the associated risks? \\n Which actors should contribute to addressing the conflict-crime nexus during reintegration, and in which capacity (including, among others, international agencies, public institutions, civil society and the private sector)?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1393, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants \u2013 especially those who were previously in high-ranking positions \u2013 often share the same level of status as successful criminals, posing challenges to their long-lasting reintegration into lawful society.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime excombatants \u2013 especially previously highranking position \u2013 often share level status successful criminal posing challenge longlasting reintegration lawful society ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support should be based on an assessment of the economic, social, psychosocial and political challenges faced by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their families and communities. In addition to the guidance outlined in IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration, DDR practitioners should also consider the factors that sustain organized criminal networks and activities when planning reintegration support.In communities where engagement in illicit economies is widespread and normalized, certain criminal activities may have no social stigma attached to them. DDR practitioners or may even bring power and prestige. Ex-combatants \u2013 especially those who were previously in high-ranking positions \u2013 often share the same level of status as successful criminals, posing challenges to their long-lasting reintegration into lawful society. DDR practitioners should therefore consider the impact of involvement of ex-combatants\u2019 involvement in organized crime on the design of reintegration support programmes, taking into account the roles they played in illicit activities and crime-conflict dynamics in the society at large.DDR practitioners should examine the types and characteristics of criminal activities. While organized crime can encompass a range of activities, the distinction between violent and non- violent criminal enterprises, or non-labour intensive and labour-intensive criminal economies may help DDR practitioners to prioritize certain reintegration strategies. For example, some criminal market activities may be considered vital to the local economy of communities, particularly when employing most of the local workforce.Economic reintegration can be a challenging process because there may be few available jobs in the formal sector. It becomes imperative that reintegration support not only enable former members of armed forces and groups to earn a living, but that the livelihood is enough to disincentivize the return to illicit activities. In other cases, laissez-faire policies towards labour- intensive criminal economies, such as the exploitation of natural resources, may open windows of opportunity, regardless of their legality, and could be accompanied by a process to formalize and regulate informal and artisanal sectors. Partnerships with multiple stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, may be useful in devising holistic reintegration assessments and programmatic responses.The box below outlines key questions that DDR practitioners should consider when supporting reintegration in conflict-crime contexts. For further information on reintegration support, and specific guidance on environment crime, drug and human trafficking, see section 9.BOX 3: REINTEGRATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the risks and benefits involved in disrupting the illicit economies upon which communities depend? \\n How can support be distributed between former members of armed forces and groups, communities and victims in ways that are fair, facilitate reintegration, and avoid re-recruitment by organized criminal actors? \\n What steps can be taken when the reintegration support offered cannot outweigh the benefits offered through illicit activities? \\n What community-based monitoring initiatives can be put in place to ensure the sustained reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups and their continued non-involvement in criminal activities? \\n How can reintegration efforts work to address the motives and incentives of conflict actors through non-violent means, and what are the associated risks? \\n Which actors should contribute to addressing the conflict-crime nexus during reintegration, and in which capacity (including, among others, international agencies, public institutions, civil society and the private sector)?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1393, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should therefore consider the impact of involvement of ex-combatants\u2019 involvement in organized crime on the design of reintegration support programmes, taking into account the roles they played in illicit activities and crime-conflict dynamics in the society at large.DDR practitioners should examine the types and characteristics of criminal activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner therefore consider impact involvement excombatants \u2019 involvement organized crime design reintegration support programme taking account role played illicit activity crimeconflict dynamic society large.ddr practitioner examine type characteristic criminal activity ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support should be based on an assessment of the economic, social, psychosocial and political challenges faced by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their families and communities. In addition to the guidance outlined in IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration, DDR practitioners should also consider the factors that sustain organized criminal networks and activities when planning reintegration support.In communities where engagement in illicit economies is widespread and normalized, certain criminal activities may have no social stigma attached to them. DDR practitioners or may even bring power and prestige. Ex-combatants \u2013 especially those who were previously in high-ranking positions \u2013 often share the same level of status as successful criminals, posing challenges to their long-lasting reintegration into lawful society. DDR practitioners should therefore consider the impact of involvement of ex-combatants\u2019 involvement in organized crime on the design of reintegration support programmes, taking into account the roles they played in illicit activities and crime-conflict dynamics in the society at large.DDR practitioners should examine the types and characteristics of criminal activities. While organized crime can encompass a range of activities, the distinction between violent and non- violent criminal enterprises, or non-labour intensive and labour-intensive criminal economies may help DDR practitioners to prioritize certain reintegration strategies. For example, some criminal market activities may be considered vital to the local economy of communities, particularly when employing most of the local workforce.Economic reintegration can be a challenging process because there may be few available jobs in the formal sector. It becomes imperative that reintegration support not only enable former members of armed forces and groups to earn a living, but that the livelihood is enough to disincentivize the return to illicit activities. In other cases, laissez-faire policies towards labour- intensive criminal economies, such as the exploitation of natural resources, may open windows of opportunity, regardless of their legality, and could be accompanied by a process to formalize and regulate informal and artisanal sectors. Partnerships with multiple stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, may be useful in devising holistic reintegration assessments and programmatic responses.The box below outlines key questions that DDR practitioners should consider when supporting reintegration in conflict-crime contexts. For further information on reintegration support, and specific guidance on environment crime, drug and human trafficking, see section 9.BOX 3: REINTEGRATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the risks and benefits involved in disrupting the illicit economies upon which communities depend? \\n How can support be distributed between former members of armed forces and groups, communities and victims in ways that are fair, facilitate reintegration, and avoid re-recruitment by organized criminal actors? \\n What steps can be taken when the reintegration support offered cannot outweigh the benefits offered through illicit activities? \\n What community-based monitoring initiatives can be put in place to ensure the sustained reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups and their continued non-involvement in criminal activities? \\n How can reintegration efforts work to address the motives and incentives of conflict actors through non-violent means, and what are the associated risks? \\n Which actors should contribute to addressing the conflict-crime nexus during reintegration, and in which capacity (including, among others, international agencies, public institutions, civil society and the private sector)?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1393, "Sentence":"While organized crime can encompass a range of activities, the distinction between violent and non- violent criminal enterprises, or non-labour intensive and labour-intensive criminal economies may help DDR practitioners to prioritize certain reintegration strategies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime organized crime encompass range activity distinction violent non violent criminal enterprise nonlabour intensive labourintensive criminal economy may help ddr practitioner prioritize certain reintegration strategy ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support should be based on an assessment of the economic, social, psychosocial and political challenges faced by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their families and communities. In addition to the guidance outlined in IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration, DDR practitioners should also consider the factors that sustain organized criminal networks and activities when planning reintegration support.In communities where engagement in illicit economies is widespread and normalized, certain criminal activities may have no social stigma attached to them. DDR practitioners or may even bring power and prestige. Ex-combatants \u2013 especially those who were previously in high-ranking positions \u2013 often share the same level of status as successful criminals, posing challenges to their long-lasting reintegration into lawful society. DDR practitioners should therefore consider the impact of involvement of ex-combatants\u2019 involvement in organized crime on the design of reintegration support programmes, taking into account the roles they played in illicit activities and crime-conflict dynamics in the society at large.DDR practitioners should examine the types and characteristics of criminal activities. While organized crime can encompass a range of activities, the distinction between violent and non- violent criminal enterprises, or non-labour intensive and labour-intensive criminal economies may help DDR practitioners to prioritize certain reintegration strategies. For example, some criminal market activities may be considered vital to the local economy of communities, particularly when employing most of the local workforce.Economic reintegration can be a challenging process because there may be few available jobs in the formal sector. It becomes imperative that reintegration support not only enable former members of armed forces and groups to earn a living, but that the livelihood is enough to disincentivize the return to illicit activities. In other cases, laissez-faire policies towards labour- intensive criminal economies, such as the exploitation of natural resources, may open windows of opportunity, regardless of their legality, and could be accompanied by a process to formalize and regulate informal and artisanal sectors. Partnerships with multiple stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, may be useful in devising holistic reintegration assessments and programmatic responses.The box below outlines key questions that DDR practitioners should consider when supporting reintegration in conflict-crime contexts. For further information on reintegration support, and specific guidance on environment crime, drug and human trafficking, see section 9.BOX 3: REINTEGRATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the risks and benefits involved in disrupting the illicit economies upon which communities depend? \\n How can support be distributed between former members of armed forces and groups, communities and victims in ways that are fair, facilitate reintegration, and avoid re-recruitment by organized criminal actors? \\n What steps can be taken when the reintegration support offered cannot outweigh the benefits offered through illicit activities? \\n What community-based monitoring initiatives can be put in place to ensure the sustained reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups and their continued non-involvement in criminal activities? \\n How can reintegration efforts work to address the motives and incentives of conflict actors through non-violent means, and what are the associated risks? \\n Which actors should contribute to addressing the conflict-crime nexus during reintegration, and in which capacity (including, among others, international agencies, public institutions, civil society and the private sector)?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1393, "Sentence":"For example, some criminal market activities may be considered vital to the local economy of communities, particularly when employing most of the local workforce.Economic reintegration can be a challenging process because there may be few available jobs in the formal sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime example criminal market activity may considered vital local economy community particularly employing local workforce.economic reintegration challenging process may available job formal sector ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support should be based on an assessment of the economic, social, psychosocial and political challenges faced by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their families and communities. In addition to the guidance outlined in IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration, DDR practitioners should also consider the factors that sustain organized criminal networks and activities when planning reintegration support.In communities where engagement in illicit economies is widespread and normalized, certain criminal activities may have no social stigma attached to them. DDR practitioners or may even bring power and prestige. Ex-combatants \u2013 especially those who were previously in high-ranking positions \u2013 often share the same level of status as successful criminals, posing challenges to their long-lasting reintegration into lawful society. DDR practitioners should therefore consider the impact of involvement of ex-combatants\u2019 involvement in organized crime on the design of reintegration support programmes, taking into account the roles they played in illicit activities and crime-conflict dynamics in the society at large.DDR practitioners should examine the types and characteristics of criminal activities. While organized crime can encompass a range of activities, the distinction between violent and non- violent criminal enterprises, or non-labour intensive and labour-intensive criminal economies may help DDR practitioners to prioritize certain reintegration strategies. For example, some criminal market activities may be considered vital to the local economy of communities, particularly when employing most of the local workforce.Economic reintegration can be a challenging process because there may be few available jobs in the formal sector. It becomes imperative that reintegration support not only enable former members of armed forces and groups to earn a living, but that the livelihood is enough to disincentivize the return to illicit activities. In other cases, laissez-faire policies towards labour- intensive criminal economies, such as the exploitation of natural resources, may open windows of opportunity, regardless of their legality, and could be accompanied by a process to formalize and regulate informal and artisanal sectors. Partnerships with multiple stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, may be useful in devising holistic reintegration assessments and programmatic responses.The box below outlines key questions that DDR practitioners should consider when supporting reintegration in conflict-crime contexts. For further information on reintegration support, and specific guidance on environment crime, drug and human trafficking, see section 9.BOX 3: REINTEGRATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the risks and benefits involved in disrupting the illicit economies upon which communities depend? \\n How can support be distributed between former members of armed forces and groups, communities and victims in ways that are fair, facilitate reintegration, and avoid re-recruitment by organized criminal actors? \\n What steps can be taken when the reintegration support offered cannot outweigh the benefits offered through illicit activities? \\n What community-based monitoring initiatives can be put in place to ensure the sustained reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups and their continued non-involvement in criminal activities? \\n How can reintegration efforts work to address the motives and incentives of conflict actors through non-violent means, and what are the associated risks? \\n Which actors should contribute to addressing the conflict-crime nexus during reintegration, and in which capacity (including, among others, international agencies, public institutions, civil society and the private sector)?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1393, "Sentence":"It becomes imperative that reintegration support not only enable former members of armed forces and groups to earn a living, but that the livelihood is enough to disincentivize the return to illicit activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime becomes imperative reintegration support enable former member armed force group earn living livelihood enough disincentivize return illicit activity ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support should be based on an assessment of the economic, social, psychosocial and political challenges faced by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their families and communities. In addition to the guidance outlined in IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration, DDR practitioners should also consider the factors that sustain organized criminal networks and activities when planning reintegration support.In communities where engagement in illicit economies is widespread and normalized, certain criminal activities may have no social stigma attached to them. DDR practitioners or may even bring power and prestige. Ex-combatants \u2013 especially those who were previously in high-ranking positions \u2013 often share the same level of status as successful criminals, posing challenges to their long-lasting reintegration into lawful society. DDR practitioners should therefore consider the impact of involvement of ex-combatants\u2019 involvement in organized crime on the design of reintegration support programmes, taking into account the roles they played in illicit activities and crime-conflict dynamics in the society at large.DDR practitioners should examine the types and characteristics of criminal activities. While organized crime can encompass a range of activities, the distinction between violent and non- violent criminal enterprises, or non-labour intensive and labour-intensive criminal economies may help DDR practitioners to prioritize certain reintegration strategies. For example, some criminal market activities may be considered vital to the local economy of communities, particularly when employing most of the local workforce.Economic reintegration can be a challenging process because there may be few available jobs in the formal sector. It becomes imperative that reintegration support not only enable former members of armed forces and groups to earn a living, but that the livelihood is enough to disincentivize the return to illicit activities. In other cases, laissez-faire policies towards labour- intensive criminal economies, such as the exploitation of natural resources, may open windows of opportunity, regardless of their legality, and could be accompanied by a process to formalize and regulate informal and artisanal sectors. Partnerships with multiple stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, may be useful in devising holistic reintegration assessments and programmatic responses.The box below outlines key questions that DDR practitioners should consider when supporting reintegration in conflict-crime contexts. For further information on reintegration support, and specific guidance on environment crime, drug and human trafficking, see section 9.BOX 3: REINTEGRATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the risks and benefits involved in disrupting the illicit economies upon which communities depend? \\n How can support be distributed between former members of armed forces and groups, communities and victims in ways that are fair, facilitate reintegration, and avoid re-recruitment by organized criminal actors? \\n What steps can be taken when the reintegration support offered cannot outweigh the benefits offered through illicit activities? \\n What community-based monitoring initiatives can be put in place to ensure the sustained reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups and their continued non-involvement in criminal activities? \\n How can reintegration efforts work to address the motives and incentives of conflict actors through non-violent means, and what are the associated risks? \\n Which actors should contribute to addressing the conflict-crime nexus during reintegration, and in which capacity (including, among others, international agencies, public institutions, civil society and the private sector)?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1393, "Sentence":"In other cases, laissez-faire policies towards labour- intensive criminal economies, such as the exploitation of natural resources, may open windows of opportunity, regardless of their legality, and could be accompanied by a process to formalize and regulate informal and artisanal sectors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime case laissezfaire policy towards labour intensive criminal economy exploitation natural resource may open window opportunity regardless legality could accompanied process formalize regulate informal artisanal sector ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support should be based on an assessment of the economic, social, psychosocial and political challenges faced by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their families and communities. In addition to the guidance outlined in IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration, DDR practitioners should also consider the factors that sustain organized criminal networks and activities when planning reintegration support.In communities where engagement in illicit economies is widespread and normalized, certain criminal activities may have no social stigma attached to them. DDR practitioners or may even bring power and prestige. Ex-combatants \u2013 especially those who were previously in high-ranking positions \u2013 often share the same level of status as successful criminals, posing challenges to their long-lasting reintegration into lawful society. DDR practitioners should therefore consider the impact of involvement of ex-combatants\u2019 involvement in organized crime on the design of reintegration support programmes, taking into account the roles they played in illicit activities and crime-conflict dynamics in the society at large.DDR practitioners should examine the types and characteristics of criminal activities. While organized crime can encompass a range of activities, the distinction between violent and non- violent criminal enterprises, or non-labour intensive and labour-intensive criminal economies may help DDR practitioners to prioritize certain reintegration strategies. For example, some criminal market activities may be considered vital to the local economy of communities, particularly when employing most of the local workforce.Economic reintegration can be a challenging process because there may be few available jobs in the formal sector. It becomes imperative that reintegration support not only enable former members of armed forces and groups to earn a living, but that the livelihood is enough to disincentivize the return to illicit activities. In other cases, laissez-faire policies towards labour- intensive criminal economies, such as the exploitation of natural resources, may open windows of opportunity, regardless of their legality, and could be accompanied by a process to formalize and regulate informal and artisanal sectors. Partnerships with multiple stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, may be useful in devising holistic reintegration assessments and programmatic responses.The box below outlines key questions that DDR practitioners should consider when supporting reintegration in conflict-crime contexts. For further information on reintegration support, and specific guidance on environment crime, drug and human trafficking, see section 9.BOX 3: REINTEGRATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the risks and benefits involved in disrupting the illicit economies upon which communities depend? \\n How can support be distributed between former members of armed forces and groups, communities and victims in ways that are fair, facilitate reintegration, and avoid re-recruitment by organized criminal actors? \\n What steps can be taken when the reintegration support offered cannot outweigh the benefits offered through illicit activities? \\n What community-based monitoring initiatives can be put in place to ensure the sustained reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups and their continued non-involvement in criminal activities? \\n How can reintegration efforts work to address the motives and incentives of conflict actors through non-violent means, and what are the associated risks? \\n Which actors should contribute to addressing the conflict-crime nexus during reintegration, and in which capacity (including, among others, international agencies, public institutions, civil society and the private sector)?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1393, "Sentence":"Partnerships with multiple stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, may be useful in devising holistic reintegration assessments and programmatic responses.The box below outlines key questions that DDR practitioners should consider when supporting reintegration in conflict-crime contexts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime partnership multiple stakeholder including civil society private sector may useful devising holistic reintegration assessment programmatic responses.the box outline key question ddr practitioner consider supporting reintegration conflictcrime context ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support should be based on an assessment of the economic, social, psychosocial and political challenges faced by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their families and communities. In addition to the guidance outlined in IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration, DDR practitioners should also consider the factors that sustain organized criminal networks and activities when planning reintegration support.In communities where engagement in illicit economies is widespread and normalized, certain criminal activities may have no social stigma attached to them. DDR practitioners or may even bring power and prestige. Ex-combatants \u2013 especially those who were previously in high-ranking positions \u2013 often share the same level of status as successful criminals, posing challenges to their long-lasting reintegration into lawful society. DDR practitioners should therefore consider the impact of involvement of ex-combatants\u2019 involvement in organized crime on the design of reintegration support programmes, taking into account the roles they played in illicit activities and crime-conflict dynamics in the society at large.DDR practitioners should examine the types and characteristics of criminal activities. While organized crime can encompass a range of activities, the distinction between violent and non- violent criminal enterprises, or non-labour intensive and labour-intensive criminal economies may help DDR practitioners to prioritize certain reintegration strategies. For example, some criminal market activities may be considered vital to the local economy of communities, particularly when employing most of the local workforce.Economic reintegration can be a challenging process because there may be few available jobs in the formal sector. It becomes imperative that reintegration support not only enable former members of armed forces and groups to earn a living, but that the livelihood is enough to disincentivize the return to illicit activities. In other cases, laissez-faire policies towards labour- intensive criminal economies, such as the exploitation of natural resources, may open windows of opportunity, regardless of their legality, and could be accompanied by a process to formalize and regulate informal and artisanal sectors. Partnerships with multiple stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, may be useful in devising holistic reintegration assessments and programmatic responses.The box below outlines key questions that DDR practitioners should consider when supporting reintegration in conflict-crime contexts. For further information on reintegration support, and specific guidance on environment crime, drug and human trafficking, see section 9.BOX 3: REINTEGRATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the risks and benefits involved in disrupting the illicit economies upon which communities depend? \\n How can support be distributed between former members of armed forces and groups, communities and victims in ways that are fair, facilitate reintegration, and avoid re-recruitment by organized criminal actors? \\n What steps can be taken when the reintegration support offered cannot outweigh the benefits offered through illicit activities? \\n What community-based monitoring initiatives can be put in place to ensure the sustained reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups and their continued non-involvement in criminal activities? \\n How can reintegration efforts work to address the motives and incentives of conflict actors through non-violent means, and what are the associated risks? \\n Which actors should contribute to addressing the conflict-crime nexus during reintegration, and in which capacity (including, among others, international agencies, public institutions, civil society and the private sector)?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1393, "Sentence":"For further information on reintegration support, and specific guidance on environment crime, drug and human trafficking, see section 9.BOX 3: REINTEGRATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the risks and benefits involved in disrupting the illicit economies upon which communities depend?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information reintegration support specific guidance environment crime drug human trafficking see section 9.box 3 reintegration key question n risk benefit involved disrupting illicit economy upon community depend" }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support should be based on an assessment of the economic, social, psychosocial and political challenges faced by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their families and communities. In addition to the guidance outlined in IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration, DDR practitioners should also consider the factors that sustain organized criminal networks and activities when planning reintegration support.In communities where engagement in illicit economies is widespread and normalized, certain criminal activities may have no social stigma attached to them. DDR practitioners or may even bring power and prestige. Ex-combatants \u2013 especially those who were previously in high-ranking positions \u2013 often share the same level of status as successful criminals, posing challenges to their long-lasting reintegration into lawful society. DDR practitioners should therefore consider the impact of involvement of ex-combatants\u2019 involvement in organized crime on the design of reintegration support programmes, taking into account the roles they played in illicit activities and crime-conflict dynamics in the society at large.DDR practitioners should examine the types and characteristics of criminal activities. While organized crime can encompass a range of activities, the distinction between violent and non- violent criminal enterprises, or non-labour intensive and labour-intensive criminal economies may help DDR practitioners to prioritize certain reintegration strategies. For example, some criminal market activities may be considered vital to the local economy of communities, particularly when employing most of the local workforce.Economic reintegration can be a challenging process because there may be few available jobs in the formal sector. It becomes imperative that reintegration support not only enable former members of armed forces and groups to earn a living, but that the livelihood is enough to disincentivize the return to illicit activities. In other cases, laissez-faire policies towards labour- intensive criminal economies, such as the exploitation of natural resources, may open windows of opportunity, regardless of their legality, and could be accompanied by a process to formalize and regulate informal and artisanal sectors. Partnerships with multiple stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, may be useful in devising holistic reintegration assessments and programmatic responses.The box below outlines key questions that DDR practitioners should consider when supporting reintegration in conflict-crime contexts. For further information on reintegration support, and specific guidance on environment crime, drug and human trafficking, see section 9.BOX 3: REINTEGRATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the risks and benefits involved in disrupting the illicit economies upon which communities depend? \\n How can support be distributed between former members of armed forces and groups, communities and victims in ways that are fair, facilitate reintegration, and avoid re-recruitment by organized criminal actors? \\n What steps can be taken when the reintegration support offered cannot outweigh the benefits offered through illicit activities? \\n What community-based monitoring initiatives can be put in place to ensure the sustained reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups and their continued non-involvement in criminal activities? \\n How can reintegration efforts work to address the motives and incentives of conflict actors through non-violent means, and what are the associated risks? \\n Which actors should contribute to addressing the conflict-crime nexus during reintegration, and in which capacity (including, among others, international agencies, public institutions, civil society and the private sector)?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1393, "Sentence":"\\n How can support be distributed between former members of armed forces and groups, communities and victims in ways that are fair, facilitate reintegration, and avoid re-recruitment by organized criminal actors?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n support distributed former member armed force group community victim way fair facilitate reintegration avoid rerecruitment organized criminal actor" }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support should be based on an assessment of the economic, social, psychosocial and political challenges faced by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their families and communities. In addition to the guidance outlined in IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration, DDR practitioners should also consider the factors that sustain organized criminal networks and activities when planning reintegration support.In communities where engagement in illicit economies is widespread and normalized, certain criminal activities may have no social stigma attached to them. DDR practitioners or may even bring power and prestige. Ex-combatants \u2013 especially those who were previously in high-ranking positions \u2013 often share the same level of status as successful criminals, posing challenges to their long-lasting reintegration into lawful society. DDR practitioners should therefore consider the impact of involvement of ex-combatants\u2019 involvement in organized crime on the design of reintegration support programmes, taking into account the roles they played in illicit activities and crime-conflict dynamics in the society at large.DDR practitioners should examine the types and characteristics of criminal activities. While organized crime can encompass a range of activities, the distinction between violent and non- violent criminal enterprises, or non-labour intensive and labour-intensive criminal economies may help DDR practitioners to prioritize certain reintegration strategies. For example, some criminal market activities may be considered vital to the local economy of communities, particularly when employing most of the local workforce.Economic reintegration can be a challenging process because there may be few available jobs in the formal sector. It becomes imperative that reintegration support not only enable former members of armed forces and groups to earn a living, but that the livelihood is enough to disincentivize the return to illicit activities. In other cases, laissez-faire policies towards labour- intensive criminal economies, such as the exploitation of natural resources, may open windows of opportunity, regardless of their legality, and could be accompanied by a process to formalize and regulate informal and artisanal sectors. Partnerships with multiple stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, may be useful in devising holistic reintegration assessments and programmatic responses.The box below outlines key questions that DDR practitioners should consider when supporting reintegration in conflict-crime contexts. For further information on reintegration support, and specific guidance on environment crime, drug and human trafficking, see section 9.BOX 3: REINTEGRATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the risks and benefits involved in disrupting the illicit economies upon which communities depend? \\n How can support be distributed between former members of armed forces and groups, communities and victims in ways that are fair, facilitate reintegration, and avoid re-recruitment by organized criminal actors? \\n What steps can be taken when the reintegration support offered cannot outweigh the benefits offered through illicit activities? \\n What community-based monitoring initiatives can be put in place to ensure the sustained reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups and their continued non-involvement in criminal activities? \\n How can reintegration efforts work to address the motives and incentives of conflict actors through non-violent means, and what are the associated risks? \\n Which actors should contribute to addressing the conflict-crime nexus during reintegration, and in which capacity (including, among others, international agencies, public institutions, civil society and the private sector)?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1393, "Sentence":"\\n What steps can be taken when the reintegration support offered cannot outweigh the benefits offered through illicit activities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n step taken reintegration support offered outweigh benefit offered illicit activity" }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support should be based on an assessment of the economic, social, psychosocial and political challenges faced by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their families and communities. In addition to the guidance outlined in IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration, DDR practitioners should also consider the factors that sustain organized criminal networks and activities when planning reintegration support.In communities where engagement in illicit economies is widespread and normalized, certain criminal activities may have no social stigma attached to them. DDR practitioners or may even bring power and prestige. Ex-combatants \u2013 especially those who were previously in high-ranking positions \u2013 often share the same level of status as successful criminals, posing challenges to their long-lasting reintegration into lawful society. DDR practitioners should therefore consider the impact of involvement of ex-combatants\u2019 involvement in organized crime on the design of reintegration support programmes, taking into account the roles they played in illicit activities and crime-conflict dynamics in the society at large.DDR practitioners should examine the types and characteristics of criminal activities. While organized crime can encompass a range of activities, the distinction between violent and non- violent criminal enterprises, or non-labour intensive and labour-intensive criminal economies may help DDR practitioners to prioritize certain reintegration strategies. For example, some criminal market activities may be considered vital to the local economy of communities, particularly when employing most of the local workforce.Economic reintegration can be a challenging process because there may be few available jobs in the formal sector. It becomes imperative that reintegration support not only enable former members of armed forces and groups to earn a living, but that the livelihood is enough to disincentivize the return to illicit activities. In other cases, laissez-faire policies towards labour- intensive criminal economies, such as the exploitation of natural resources, may open windows of opportunity, regardless of their legality, and could be accompanied by a process to formalize and regulate informal and artisanal sectors. Partnerships with multiple stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, may be useful in devising holistic reintegration assessments and programmatic responses.The box below outlines key questions that DDR practitioners should consider when supporting reintegration in conflict-crime contexts. For further information on reintegration support, and specific guidance on environment crime, drug and human trafficking, see section 9.BOX 3: REINTEGRATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the risks and benefits involved in disrupting the illicit economies upon which communities depend? \\n How can support be distributed between former members of armed forces and groups, communities and victims in ways that are fair, facilitate reintegration, and avoid re-recruitment by organized criminal actors? \\n What steps can be taken when the reintegration support offered cannot outweigh the benefits offered through illicit activities? \\n What community-based monitoring initiatives can be put in place to ensure the sustained reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups and their continued non-involvement in criminal activities? \\n How can reintegration efforts work to address the motives and incentives of conflict actors through non-violent means, and what are the associated risks? \\n Which actors should contribute to addressing the conflict-crime nexus during reintegration, and in which capacity (including, among others, international agencies, public institutions, civil society and the private sector)?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1393, "Sentence":"\\n What community-based monitoring initiatives can be put in place to ensure the sustained reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups and their continued non-involvement in criminal activities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n communitybased monitoring initiative put place ensure sustained reintegration former member armed force group continued noninvolvement criminal activity" }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support should be based on an assessment of the economic, social, psychosocial and political challenges faced by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their families and communities. In addition to the guidance outlined in IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration, DDR practitioners should also consider the factors that sustain organized criminal networks and activities when planning reintegration support.In communities where engagement in illicit economies is widespread and normalized, certain criminal activities may have no social stigma attached to them. DDR practitioners or may even bring power and prestige. Ex-combatants \u2013 especially those who were previously in high-ranking positions \u2013 often share the same level of status as successful criminals, posing challenges to their long-lasting reintegration into lawful society. DDR practitioners should therefore consider the impact of involvement of ex-combatants\u2019 involvement in organized crime on the design of reintegration support programmes, taking into account the roles they played in illicit activities and crime-conflict dynamics in the society at large.DDR practitioners should examine the types and characteristics of criminal activities. While organized crime can encompass a range of activities, the distinction between violent and non- violent criminal enterprises, or non-labour intensive and labour-intensive criminal economies may help DDR practitioners to prioritize certain reintegration strategies. For example, some criminal market activities may be considered vital to the local economy of communities, particularly when employing most of the local workforce.Economic reintegration can be a challenging process because there may be few available jobs in the formal sector. It becomes imperative that reintegration support not only enable former members of armed forces and groups to earn a living, but that the livelihood is enough to disincentivize the return to illicit activities. In other cases, laissez-faire policies towards labour- intensive criminal economies, such as the exploitation of natural resources, may open windows of opportunity, regardless of their legality, and could be accompanied by a process to formalize and regulate informal and artisanal sectors. Partnerships with multiple stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, may be useful in devising holistic reintegration assessments and programmatic responses.The box below outlines key questions that DDR practitioners should consider when supporting reintegration in conflict-crime contexts. For further information on reintegration support, and specific guidance on environment crime, drug and human trafficking, see section 9.BOX 3: REINTEGRATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the risks and benefits involved in disrupting the illicit economies upon which communities depend? \\n How can support be distributed between former members of armed forces and groups, communities and victims in ways that are fair, facilitate reintegration, and avoid re-recruitment by organized criminal actors? \\n What steps can be taken when the reintegration support offered cannot outweigh the benefits offered through illicit activities? \\n What community-based monitoring initiatives can be put in place to ensure the sustained reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups and their continued non-involvement in criminal activities? \\n How can reintegration efforts work to address the motives and incentives of conflict actors through non-violent means, and what are the associated risks? \\n Which actors should contribute to addressing the conflict-crime nexus during reintegration, and in which capacity (including, among others, international agencies, public institutions, civil society and the private sector)?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1393, "Sentence":"\\n How can reintegration efforts work to address the motives and incentives of conflict actors through non-violent means, and what are the associated risks?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n reintegration effort work address motif incentive conflict actor nonviolent mean associated risk" }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and organized crime", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support should be based on an assessment of the economic, social, psychosocial and political challenges faced by ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, their families and communities. In addition to the guidance outlined in IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration, DDR practitioners should also consider the factors that sustain organized criminal networks and activities when planning reintegration support.In communities where engagement in illicit economies is widespread and normalized, certain criminal activities may have no social stigma attached to them. DDR practitioners or may even bring power and prestige. Ex-combatants \u2013 especially those who were previously in high-ranking positions \u2013 often share the same level of status as successful criminals, posing challenges to their long-lasting reintegration into lawful society. DDR practitioners should therefore consider the impact of involvement of ex-combatants\u2019 involvement in organized crime on the design of reintegration support programmes, taking into account the roles they played in illicit activities and crime-conflict dynamics in the society at large.DDR practitioners should examine the types and characteristics of criminal activities. While organized crime can encompass a range of activities, the distinction between violent and non- violent criminal enterprises, or non-labour intensive and labour-intensive criminal economies may help DDR practitioners to prioritize certain reintegration strategies. For example, some criminal market activities may be considered vital to the local economy of communities, particularly when employing most of the local workforce.Economic reintegration can be a challenging process because there may be few available jobs in the formal sector. It becomes imperative that reintegration support not only enable former members of armed forces and groups to earn a living, but that the livelihood is enough to disincentivize the return to illicit activities. In other cases, laissez-faire policies towards labour- intensive criminal economies, such as the exploitation of natural resources, may open windows of opportunity, regardless of their legality, and could be accompanied by a process to formalize and regulate informal and artisanal sectors. Partnerships with multiple stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, may be useful in devising holistic reintegration assessments and programmatic responses.The box below outlines key questions that DDR practitioners should consider when supporting reintegration in conflict-crime contexts. For further information on reintegration support, and specific guidance on environment crime, drug and human trafficking, see section 9.BOX 3: REINTEGRATION: KEY QUESTIONS \\n What are the risks and benefits involved in disrupting the illicit economies upon which communities depend? \\n How can support be distributed between former members of armed forces and groups, communities and victims in ways that are fair, facilitate reintegration, and avoid re-recruitment by organized criminal actors? \\n What steps can be taken when the reintegration support offered cannot outweigh the benefits offered through illicit activities? \\n What community-based monitoring initiatives can be put in place to ensure the sustained reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups and their continued non-involvement in criminal activities? \\n How can reintegration efforts work to address the motives and incentives of conflict actors through non-violent means, and what are the associated risks? \\n Which actors should contribute to addressing the conflict-crime nexus during reintegration, and in which capacity (including, among others, international agencies, public institutions, civil society and the private sector)?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1393, "Sentence":"\\n Which actors should contribute to addressing the conflict-crime nexus during reintegration, and in which capacity (including, among others, international agencies, public institutions, civil society and the private sector)?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n actor contribute addressing conflictcrime nexus reintegration capacity including among others international agency public institution civil society private sector" }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Organized crime often exacerbates and may prolong armed conflict. When the preconditions are not present to support a DDR programme, a number of DDR-related tools may be used in crime-conflict contexts. Alternatively, DDR-related tools may also be used before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1394, "Sentence":"Organized crime often exacerbates and may prolong armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime organized crime often exacerbates may prolong armed conflict ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Organized crime often exacerbates and may prolong armed conflict. When the preconditions are not present to support a DDR programme, a number of DDR-related tools may be used in crime-conflict contexts. Alternatively, DDR-related tools may also be used before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1394, "Sentence":"When the preconditions are not present to support a DDR programme, a number of DDR-related tools may be used in crime-conflict contexts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime precondition present support ddr programme number ddrrelated tool may used crimeconflict context ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Organized crime often exacerbates and may prolong armed conflict. When the preconditions are not present to support a DDR programme, a number of DDR-related tools may be used in crime-conflict contexts. Alternatively, DDR-related tools may also be used before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1394, "Sentence":"Alternatively, DDR-related tools may also be used before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime alternatively ddrrelated tool may also used ddr programme complementary measure see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.1 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"When DDR practitioners provide support to mediation teams, they can help to ensure that the provisions included within peace agreements are realistic and implementable (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). In organized crime contexts, DDR practitioners should seek to provide mediators with a contextual analysis of combatants\u2019 motives for engaging in illicit activities. They should also be aware that engaging with armed groups may confer legitimacy that impacts upon the local political economy. DDR practitioners should advise mediators to be wary of entrenching criminal interests in the peace agreement. Where feasible, DDR practitioners may advise mediators to address organized crime activities within the peace agreement, either directly or by putting in place an institutional framework to deal with these issues at a later date. Lessons learned from gang truces can be instructive and should be considered before entering a mediation process with actors involved in criminal activities.16", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1395, "Sentence":"When DDR practitioners provide support to mediation teams, they can help to ensure that the provisions included within peace agreements are realistic and implementable (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner provide support mediation team help ensure provision included within peace agreement realistic implementable see iddrs 2.20 politics ddr ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.1 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"When DDR practitioners provide support to mediation teams, they can help to ensure that the provisions included within peace agreements are realistic and implementable (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). In organized crime contexts, DDR practitioners should seek to provide mediators with a contextual analysis of combatants\u2019 motives for engaging in illicit activities. They should also be aware that engaging with armed groups may confer legitimacy that impacts upon the local political economy. DDR practitioners should advise mediators to be wary of entrenching criminal interests in the peace agreement. Where feasible, DDR practitioners may advise mediators to address organized crime activities within the peace agreement, either directly or by putting in place an institutional framework to deal with these issues at a later date. Lessons learned from gang truces can be instructive and should be considered before entering a mediation process with actors involved in criminal activities.16", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1395, "Sentence":"In organized crime contexts, DDR practitioners should seek to provide mediators with a contextual analysis of combatants\u2019 motives for engaging in illicit activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime organized crime context ddr practitioner seek provide mediator contextual analysis combatant \u2019 motif engaging illicit activity ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.1 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"When DDR practitioners provide support to mediation teams, they can help to ensure that the provisions included within peace agreements are realistic and implementable (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). In organized crime contexts, DDR practitioners should seek to provide mediators with a contextual analysis of combatants\u2019 motives for engaging in illicit activities. They should also be aware that engaging with armed groups may confer legitimacy that impacts upon the local political economy. DDR practitioners should advise mediators to be wary of entrenching criminal interests in the peace agreement. Where feasible, DDR practitioners may advise mediators to address organized crime activities within the peace agreement, either directly or by putting in place an institutional framework to deal with these issues at a later date. Lessons learned from gang truces can be instructive and should be considered before entering a mediation process with actors involved in criminal activities.16", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1395, "Sentence":"They should also be aware that engaging with armed groups may confer legitimacy that impacts upon the local political economy.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime also aware engaging armed group may confer legitimacy impact upon local political economy ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.1 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"When DDR practitioners provide support to mediation teams, they can help to ensure that the provisions included within peace agreements are realistic and implementable (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). In organized crime contexts, DDR practitioners should seek to provide mediators with a contextual analysis of combatants\u2019 motives for engaging in illicit activities. They should also be aware that engaging with armed groups may confer legitimacy that impacts upon the local political economy. DDR practitioners should advise mediators to be wary of entrenching criminal interests in the peace agreement. Where feasible, DDR practitioners may advise mediators to address organized crime activities within the peace agreement, either directly or by putting in place an institutional framework to deal with these issues at a later date. Lessons learned from gang truces can be instructive and should be considered before entering a mediation process with actors involved in criminal activities.16", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1395, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should advise mediators to be wary of entrenching criminal interests in the peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner advise mediator wary entrenching criminal interest peace agreement ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.1 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"When DDR practitioners provide support to mediation teams, they can help to ensure that the provisions included within peace agreements are realistic and implementable (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). In organized crime contexts, DDR practitioners should seek to provide mediators with a contextual analysis of combatants\u2019 motives for engaging in illicit activities. They should also be aware that engaging with armed groups may confer legitimacy that impacts upon the local political economy. DDR practitioners should advise mediators to be wary of entrenching criminal interests in the peace agreement. Where feasible, DDR practitioners may advise mediators to address organized crime activities within the peace agreement, either directly or by putting in place an institutional framework to deal with these issues at a later date. Lessons learned from gang truces can be instructive and should be considered before entering a mediation process with actors involved in criminal activities.16", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1395, "Sentence":"Where feasible, DDR practitioners may advise mediators to address organized crime activities within the peace agreement, either directly or by putting in place an institutional framework to deal with these issues at a later date.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime feasible ddr practitioner may advise mediator address organized crime activity within peace agreement either directly putting place institutional framework deal issue later date ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.1 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"When DDR practitioners provide support to mediation teams, they can help to ensure that the provisions included within peace agreements are realistic and implementable (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). In organized crime contexts, DDR practitioners should seek to provide mediators with a contextual analysis of combatants\u2019 motives for engaging in illicit activities. They should also be aware that engaging with armed groups may confer legitimacy that impacts upon the local political economy. DDR practitioners should advise mediators to be wary of entrenching criminal interests in the peace agreement. Where feasible, DDR practitioners may advise mediators to address organized crime activities within the peace agreement, either directly or by putting in place an institutional framework to deal with these issues at a later date. Lessons learned from gang truces can be instructive and should be considered before entering a mediation process with actors involved in criminal activities.16", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1395, "Sentence":"Lessons learned from gang truces can be instructive and should be considered before entering a mediation process with actors involved in criminal activities.16", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime lesson learned gang truce instructive considered entering mediation process actor involved criminal activities.16" }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.2 Transitional weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"The trafficking of weapons and ammunition facilitates not only conflict but other criminal activities as well, including the trafficking of persons and drugs. Transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) may be a suitable approach to control or limit the circulation of weapons, ammunition and explosives to reduce violence and engagement in illicit activities. Transitional WAM can contribute to preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict by preventing the diversion of weapons, ammunition and explosives to unauthorized end users, including both communities and armed groups engaged in illicit activities. For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1396, "Sentence":"The trafficking of weapons and ammunition facilitates not only conflict but other criminal activities as well, including the trafficking of persons and drugs.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime trafficking weapon ammunition facilitates conflict criminal activity well including trafficking person drug ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.2 Transitional weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"The trafficking of weapons and ammunition facilitates not only conflict but other criminal activities as well, including the trafficking of persons and drugs. Transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) may be a suitable approach to control or limit the circulation of weapons, ammunition and explosives to reduce violence and engagement in illicit activities. Transitional WAM can contribute to preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict by preventing the diversion of weapons, ammunition and explosives to unauthorized end users, including both communities and armed groups engaged in illicit activities. For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1396, "Sentence":"Transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) may be a suitable approach to control or limit the circulation of weapons, ammunition and explosives to reduce violence and engagement in illicit activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime transitional weapon ammunition management wam may suitable approach control limit circulation weapon ammunition explosive reduce violence engagement illicit activity ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.2 Transitional weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"The trafficking of weapons and ammunition facilitates not only conflict but other criminal activities as well, including the trafficking of persons and drugs. Transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) may be a suitable approach to control or limit the circulation of weapons, ammunition and explosives to reduce violence and engagement in illicit activities. Transitional WAM can contribute to preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict by preventing the diversion of weapons, ammunition and explosives to unauthorized end users, including both communities and armed groups engaged in illicit activities. For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1396, "Sentence":"Transitional WAM can contribute to preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict by preventing the diversion of weapons, ammunition and explosives to unauthorized end users, including both communities and armed groups engaged in illicit activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime transitional wam contribute preventing outbreak escalation continuation recurrence conflict preventing diversion weapon ammunition explosive unauthorized end user including community armed group engaged illicit activity ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.2 Transitional weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"The trafficking of weapons and ammunition facilitates not only conflict but other criminal activities as well, including the trafficking of persons and drugs. Transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) may be a suitable approach to control or limit the circulation of weapons, ammunition and explosives to reduce violence and engagement in illicit activities. Transitional WAM can contribute to preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict by preventing the diversion of weapons, ammunition and explosives to unauthorized end users, including both communities and armed groups engaged in illicit activities. For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1396, "Sentence":"For more information, refer to IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information refer iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammunition management ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.3 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, community violence reduction (CVR) can help foster social cohesion and provide ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and other at-risk individuals with economic and social alternatives to joining armed groups and engaging in criminal activities. Community-based initiatives, such as vocational training and short-term employment opportunities, not only reduce the risk that ex-combatants will return to conflict but also that they will continue participating in illicit activities as a means to survive.CVR can also serve as a complementary measure to other DDR processes. For example, as part of transitional WAM, communities prone to violence can be encouraged to build community storage facilities or hand over a certain quantity of weapons and ammunition as a precondition for benefiting from a CVR programme. Such measures not only disrupt illicit weapons flows but encourage collective and active participation in the security of communities.Additionally, CVR efforts such as mental health and psychosocial support and empowerment initiatives for specific needs groups, including women, children and persons with drug addictions, can both prevent and reduce victimization from conflict-related criminal activities, including sexual exploitation and drug trafficking. For further information, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1397, "Sentence":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, community violence reduction (CVR) can help foster social cohesion and provide ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and other at-risk individuals with economic and social alternatives to joining armed groups and engaging in criminal activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime organized crime\u2013conflict context community violence reduction cvr help foster social cohesion provide excombatants person formerly associated armed force group atrisk individual economic social alternative joining armed group engaging criminal activity ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.3 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, community violence reduction (CVR) can help foster social cohesion and provide ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and other at-risk individuals with economic and social alternatives to joining armed groups and engaging in criminal activities. Community-based initiatives, such as vocational training and short-term employment opportunities, not only reduce the risk that ex-combatants will return to conflict but also that they will continue participating in illicit activities as a means to survive.CVR can also serve as a complementary measure to other DDR processes. For example, as part of transitional WAM, communities prone to violence can be encouraged to build community storage facilities or hand over a certain quantity of weapons and ammunition as a precondition for benefiting from a CVR programme. Such measures not only disrupt illicit weapons flows but encourage collective and active participation in the security of communities.Additionally, CVR efforts such as mental health and psychosocial support and empowerment initiatives for specific needs groups, including women, children and persons with drug addictions, can both prevent and reduce victimization from conflict-related criminal activities, including sexual exploitation and drug trafficking. For further information, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1397, "Sentence":"Community-based initiatives, such as vocational training and short-term employment opportunities, not only reduce the risk that ex-combatants will return to conflict but also that they will continue participating in illicit activities as a means to survive.CVR can also serve as a complementary measure to other DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime communitybased initiative vocational training shortterm employment opportunity reduce risk excombatants return conflict also continue participating illicit activity mean survive.cvr also serve complementary measure ddr process ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.3 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, community violence reduction (CVR) can help foster social cohesion and provide ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and other at-risk individuals with economic and social alternatives to joining armed groups and engaging in criminal activities. Community-based initiatives, such as vocational training and short-term employment opportunities, not only reduce the risk that ex-combatants will return to conflict but also that they will continue participating in illicit activities as a means to survive.CVR can also serve as a complementary measure to other DDR processes. For example, as part of transitional WAM, communities prone to violence can be encouraged to build community storage facilities or hand over a certain quantity of weapons and ammunition as a precondition for benefiting from a CVR programme. Such measures not only disrupt illicit weapons flows but encourage collective and active participation in the security of communities.Additionally, CVR efforts such as mental health and psychosocial support and empowerment initiatives for specific needs groups, including women, children and persons with drug addictions, can both prevent and reduce victimization from conflict-related criminal activities, including sexual exploitation and drug trafficking. For further information, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1397, "Sentence":"For example, as part of transitional WAM, communities prone to violence can be encouraged to build community storage facilities or hand over a certain quantity of weapons and ammunition as a precondition for benefiting from a CVR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime example part transitional wam community prone violence encouraged build community storage facility hand certain quantity weapon ammunition precondition benefiting cvr programme ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.3 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, community violence reduction (CVR) can help foster social cohesion and provide ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and other at-risk individuals with economic and social alternatives to joining armed groups and engaging in criminal activities. Community-based initiatives, such as vocational training and short-term employment opportunities, not only reduce the risk that ex-combatants will return to conflict but also that they will continue participating in illicit activities as a means to survive.CVR can also serve as a complementary measure to other DDR processes. For example, as part of transitional WAM, communities prone to violence can be encouraged to build community storage facilities or hand over a certain quantity of weapons and ammunition as a precondition for benefiting from a CVR programme. Such measures not only disrupt illicit weapons flows but encourage collective and active participation in the security of communities.Additionally, CVR efforts such as mental health and psychosocial support and empowerment initiatives for specific needs groups, including women, children and persons with drug addictions, can both prevent and reduce victimization from conflict-related criminal activities, including sexual exploitation and drug trafficking. For further information, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1397, "Sentence":"Such measures not only disrupt illicit weapons flows but encourage collective and active participation in the security of communities.Additionally, CVR efforts such as mental health and psychosocial support and empowerment initiatives for specific needs groups, including women, children and persons with drug addictions, can both prevent and reduce victimization from conflict-related criminal activities, including sexual exploitation and drug trafficking.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime measure disrupt illicit weapon flow encourage collective active participation security communities.additionally cvr effort mental health psychosocial support empowerment initiative specific need group including woman child person drug addiction prevent reduce victimization conflictrelated criminal activity including sexual exploitation drug trafficking ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.3 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, community violence reduction (CVR) can help foster social cohesion and provide ex-combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and other at-risk individuals with economic and social alternatives to joining armed groups and engaging in criminal activities. Community-based initiatives, such as vocational training and short-term employment opportunities, not only reduce the risk that ex-combatants will return to conflict but also that they will continue participating in illicit activities as a means to survive.CVR can also serve as a complementary measure to other DDR processes. For example, as part of transitional WAM, communities prone to violence can be encouraged to build community storage facilities or hand over a certain quantity of weapons and ammunition as a precondition for benefiting from a CVR programme. Such measures not only disrupt illicit weapons flows but encourage collective and active participation in the security of communities.Additionally, CVR efforts such as mental health and psychosocial support and empowerment initiatives for specific needs groups, including women, children and persons with drug addictions, can both prevent and reduce victimization from conflict-related criminal activities, including sexual exploitation and drug trafficking. For further information, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1397, "Sentence":"For further information, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information see iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.4 Transitional security arrangements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Although they may vary depending on the context, transitional security arrangements can support DDR processes by establishing security structures either jointly between State forces, armed groups, and communities or with a third party (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Members of armed groups may be reluctant to participate in the DDR process for fear that they may lose their capacity to defend themselves against those who continue to engage in conflict and illicit activities. Through joint efforts, transitional security arrangements can be vital for building trust and confidence and encourage collective ownership of the steps towards peace. DDR practitioners should be aware that engagement in illicit activities can complicate efforts to create transitional security arrangements, particularly if certain members of armed forces and groups are required to redeploy away from areas that are rich in natural resources. In this scenario, it may be appropriate for DDR practitioners to advise mediating teams that provisions regarding the governance of natural resources be included in the peace agreement (also see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1398, "Sentence":"Although they may vary depending on the context, transitional security arrangements can support DDR processes by establishing security structures either jointly between State forces, armed groups, and communities or with a third party (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime although may vary depending context transitional security arrangement support ddr process establishing security structure either jointly state force armed group community third party see iddrs 2.20 politics ddr ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.4 Transitional security arrangements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Although they may vary depending on the context, transitional security arrangements can support DDR processes by establishing security structures either jointly between State forces, armed groups, and communities or with a third party (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Members of armed groups may be reluctant to participate in the DDR process for fear that they may lose their capacity to defend themselves against those who continue to engage in conflict and illicit activities. Through joint efforts, transitional security arrangements can be vital for building trust and confidence and encourage collective ownership of the steps towards peace. DDR practitioners should be aware that engagement in illicit activities can complicate efforts to create transitional security arrangements, particularly if certain members of armed forces and groups are required to redeploy away from areas that are rich in natural resources. In this scenario, it may be appropriate for DDR practitioners to advise mediating teams that provisions regarding the governance of natural resources be included in the peace agreement (also see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1398, "Sentence":"Members of armed groups may be reluctant to participate in the DDR process for fear that they may lose their capacity to defend themselves against those who continue to engage in conflict and illicit activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime member armed group may reluctant participate ddr process fear may lose capacity defend continue engage conflict illicit activity ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.4 Transitional security arrangements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Although they may vary depending on the context, transitional security arrangements can support DDR processes by establishing security structures either jointly between State forces, armed groups, and communities or with a third party (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Members of armed groups may be reluctant to participate in the DDR process for fear that they may lose their capacity to defend themselves against those who continue to engage in conflict and illicit activities. Through joint efforts, transitional security arrangements can be vital for building trust and confidence and encourage collective ownership of the steps towards peace. DDR practitioners should be aware that engagement in illicit activities can complicate efforts to create transitional security arrangements, particularly if certain members of armed forces and groups are required to redeploy away from areas that are rich in natural resources. In this scenario, it may be appropriate for DDR practitioners to advise mediating teams that provisions regarding the governance of natural resources be included in the peace agreement (also see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1398, "Sentence":"Through joint efforts, transitional security arrangements can be vital for building trust and confidence and encourage collective ownership of the steps towards peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime joint effort transitional security arrangement vital building trust confidence encourage collective ownership step towards peace ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.4 Transitional security arrangements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Although they may vary depending on the context, transitional security arrangements can support DDR processes by establishing security structures either jointly between State forces, armed groups, and communities or with a third party (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Members of armed groups may be reluctant to participate in the DDR process for fear that they may lose their capacity to defend themselves against those who continue to engage in conflict and illicit activities. Through joint efforts, transitional security arrangements can be vital for building trust and confidence and encourage collective ownership of the steps towards peace. DDR practitioners should be aware that engagement in illicit activities can complicate efforts to create transitional security arrangements, particularly if certain members of armed forces and groups are required to redeploy away from areas that are rich in natural resources. In this scenario, it may be appropriate for DDR practitioners to advise mediating teams that provisions regarding the governance of natural resources be included in the peace agreement (also see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1398, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should be aware that engagement in illicit activities can complicate efforts to create transitional security arrangements, particularly if certain members of armed forces and groups are required to redeploy away from areas that are rich in natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner aware engagement illicit activity complicate effort create transitional security arrangement particularly certain member armed force group required redeploy away area rich natural resource ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and organized crime", "Heading2":"8.4 Transitional security arrangements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Although they may vary depending on the context, transitional security arrangements can support DDR processes by establishing security structures either jointly between State forces, armed groups, and communities or with a third party (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Members of armed groups may be reluctant to participate in the DDR process for fear that they may lose their capacity to defend themselves against those who continue to engage in conflict and illicit activities. Through joint efforts, transitional security arrangements can be vital for building trust and confidence and encourage collective ownership of the steps towards peace. DDR practitioners should be aware that engagement in illicit activities can complicate efforts to create transitional security arrangements, particularly if certain members of armed forces and groups are required to redeploy away from areas that are rich in natural resources. In this scenario, it may be appropriate for DDR practitioners to advise mediating teams that provisions regarding the governance of natural resources be included in the peace agreement (also see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1398, "Sentence":"In this scenario, it may be appropriate for DDR practitioners to advise mediating teams that provisions regarding the governance of natural resources be included in the peace agreement (also see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime scenario may appropriate ddr practitioner advise mediating team provision regarding governance natural resource included peace agreement also see iddrs 6.10 ddr security sector reform ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support may be provided at all stages of conflict, even when there is no peace agreement and no DDR programme. The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. DDR practitioners should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration.In contexts of ongoing conflict and organized crime, these entry points may include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence. These pilot areas could serve as models of reintegration support for other areas to follow. Additional entry points may include armed groups whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors.The guidance on supporting reintegration within DDR programmes provided in section 7.3 is also applicable to planning reintegration support in contexts of ongoing conflict. For further information on reintegration more generally, see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.The sub-sections below offer guidance on reintegration support in relation to common forms of organized criminal activity in conflict and post-conflict settings: environmental crime, drug and human trafficking.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1399, "Sentence":"Reintegration support may be provided at all stages of conflict, even when there is no peace agreement and no DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime reintegration support may provided stage conflict even peace agreement ddr programme ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support may be provided at all stages of conflict, even when there is no peace agreement and no DDR programme. The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. DDR practitioners should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration.In contexts of ongoing conflict and organized crime, these entry points may include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence. These pilot areas could serve as models of reintegration support for other areas to follow. Additional entry points may include armed groups whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors.The guidance on supporting reintegration within DDR programmes provided in section 7.3 is also applicable to planning reintegration support in contexts of ongoing conflict. For further information on reintegration more generally, see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.The sub-sections below offer guidance on reintegration support in relation to common forms of organized criminal activity in conflict and post-conflict settings: environmental crime, drug and human trafficking.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1399, "Sentence":"The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime risk rerecruitment excombatants person formerly associated armed force group engagement criminal activity higher conflict ongoing protracted financed organized crime ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support may be provided at all stages of conflict, even when there is no peace agreement and no DDR programme. The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. DDR practitioners should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration.In contexts of ongoing conflict and organized crime, these entry points may include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence. These pilot areas could serve as models of reintegration support for other areas to follow. Additional entry points may include armed groups whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors.The guidance on supporting reintegration within DDR programmes provided in section 7.3 is also applicable to planning reintegration support in contexts of ongoing conflict. For further information on reintegration more generally, see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.The sub-sections below offer guidance on reintegration support in relation to common forms of organized criminal activity in conflict and post-conflict settings: environmental crime, drug and human trafficking.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1399, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration.In contexts of ongoing conflict and organized crime, these entry points may include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner seek identify positive entry point supporting reintegration.in context ongoing conflict organized crime entry point may include geographical area reintegration likely succeed pocket peace affected military operation type armed violence ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support may be provided at all stages of conflict, even when there is no peace agreement and no DDR programme. The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. DDR practitioners should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration.In contexts of ongoing conflict and organized crime, these entry points may include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence. These pilot areas could serve as models of reintegration support for other areas to follow. Additional entry points may include armed groups whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors.The guidance on supporting reintegration within DDR programmes provided in section 7.3 is also applicable to planning reintegration support in contexts of ongoing conflict. For further information on reintegration more generally, see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.The sub-sections below offer guidance on reintegration support in relation to common forms of organized criminal activity in conflict and post-conflict settings: environmental crime, drug and human trafficking.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1399, "Sentence":"These pilot areas could serve as models of reintegration support for other areas to follow.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime pilot area could serve model reintegration support area follow ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support may be provided at all stages of conflict, even when there is no peace agreement and no DDR programme. The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. DDR practitioners should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration.In contexts of ongoing conflict and organized crime, these entry points may include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence. These pilot areas could serve as models of reintegration support for other areas to follow. Additional entry points may include armed groups whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors.The guidance on supporting reintegration within DDR programmes provided in section 7.3 is also applicable to planning reintegration support in contexts of ongoing conflict. For further information on reintegration more generally, see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.The sub-sections below offer guidance on reintegration support in relation to common forms of organized criminal activity in conflict and post-conflict settings: environmental crime, drug and human trafficking.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1399, "Sentence":"Additional entry points may include armed groups whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors.The guidance on supporting reintegration within DDR programmes provided in section 7.3 is also applicable to planning reintegration support in contexts of ongoing conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime additional entry point may include armed group whose member shown willingness leave assessed likely reintegrate specific reintegration intervention involving local economy partner function pull factors.the guidance supporting reintegration within ddr programme provided section 7.3 also applicable planning reintegration support context ongoing conflict ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support may be provided at all stages of conflict, even when there is no peace agreement and no DDR programme. The risk of the re-recruitment of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups or their engagement in criminal activity is higher where conflict is ongoing, protracted or financed through organized crime. DDR practitioners should seek to identify positive entry points for supporting reintegration.In contexts of ongoing conflict and organized crime, these entry points may include geographical areas where reintegration is most likely to succeed, such as pockets of peace not affected by military operations or other types of armed violence. These pilot areas could serve as models of reintegration support for other areas to follow. Additional entry points may include armed groups whose members have shown a willingness to leave or are assessed as more likely to reintegrate, or specific reintegration interventions involving local economies and partners that will function as pull factors.The guidance on supporting reintegration within DDR programmes provided in section 7.3 is also applicable to planning reintegration support in contexts of ongoing conflict. For further information on reintegration more generally, see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.The sub-sections below offer guidance on reintegration support in relation to common forms of organized criminal activity in conflict and post-conflict settings: environmental crime, drug and human trafficking.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1399, "Sentence":"For further information on reintegration more generally, see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.The sub-sections below offer guidance on reintegration support in relation to common forms of organized criminal activity in conflict and post-conflict settings: environmental crime, drug and human trafficking.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information reintegration generally see iddrs 2.40 reintegration part sustaining peace iddrs 4.30 reintegration.the subsection offer guidance reintegration support relation common form organized criminal activity conflict postconflict setting environmental crime drug human trafficking ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.1 Reintegration support and environmental crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Natural resources have an enormous impact on armed conflict, and they can be used to either support or undermine efforts towards peace. Members of armed forces and groups frequently engage in environmental crime as a low-risk, high-profit source of revenue to fund recruitment or the purchase of weapons, or even to exert de facto control over geographic territories. Environmental crime encompasses a range of different activities in which natural resources are illegally exploited and often trafficked or sold into global supply chains. It can have heavy consequences on communities, including direct environmental degradation, such as the contamination of water or soils, or the destruction of agricultural crops; indirect environmental degradation, such as the loss of biodiversity and other ecosystem services; and\/or direct displacement and exposure to violence.At the same time, natural resources hold tremendous potential to support peace and development. In many parts of the world, elements of the natural environment are culturally significant and represent key components of social status and identity. Engaging former members of armed forces and groups in the management of natural resources, including in decision-making, direct environmental rehabilitation and\/or community-based natural resource management, helps to consolidate their status as civil citizens, thus reinforcing their political and social reintegration. Additionally, linking reintegration with well-managed natural resources can increase the range of options for economic reintegration support. Given the increase in environmental crime as a transnational organized crime activity and its role in war economies, understanding the links between natural resources, crime and reintegration is key.17 For further information, see IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.The reintegration of individuals who were previously engaged in environmental organized crime should aim to create sustainable alternatives in the same natural resources sector (to the extent possible, barring illegal trade in endangered species), keeping in mind the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019. Reintegration in natural resource sectors should be consistent with national laws and legal frameworks and promote environmental protection and restoration of the rule of law.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1400, "Sentence":"Natural resources have an enormous impact on armed conflict, and they can be used to either support or undermine efforts towards peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime natural resource enormous impact armed conflict used either support undermine effort towards peace ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.1 Reintegration support and environmental crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Natural resources have an enormous impact on armed conflict, and they can be used to either support or undermine efforts towards peace. Members of armed forces and groups frequently engage in environmental crime as a low-risk, high-profit source of revenue to fund recruitment or the purchase of weapons, or even to exert de facto control over geographic territories. Environmental crime encompasses a range of different activities in which natural resources are illegally exploited and often trafficked or sold into global supply chains. It can have heavy consequences on communities, including direct environmental degradation, such as the contamination of water or soils, or the destruction of agricultural crops; indirect environmental degradation, such as the loss of biodiversity and other ecosystem services; and\/or direct displacement and exposure to violence.At the same time, natural resources hold tremendous potential to support peace and development. In many parts of the world, elements of the natural environment are culturally significant and represent key components of social status and identity. Engaging former members of armed forces and groups in the management of natural resources, including in decision-making, direct environmental rehabilitation and\/or community-based natural resource management, helps to consolidate their status as civil citizens, thus reinforcing their political and social reintegration. Additionally, linking reintegration with well-managed natural resources can increase the range of options for economic reintegration support. Given the increase in environmental crime as a transnational organized crime activity and its role in war economies, understanding the links between natural resources, crime and reintegration is key.17 For further information, see IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.The reintegration of individuals who were previously engaged in environmental organized crime should aim to create sustainable alternatives in the same natural resources sector (to the extent possible, barring illegal trade in endangered species), keeping in mind the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019. Reintegration in natural resource sectors should be consistent with national laws and legal frameworks and promote environmental protection and restoration of the rule of law.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1400, "Sentence":"Members of armed forces and groups frequently engage in environmental crime as a low-risk, high-profit source of revenue to fund recruitment or the purchase of weapons, or even to exert de facto control over geographic territories.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime member armed force group frequently engage environmental crime lowrisk highprofit source revenue fund recruitment purchase weapon even exert de facto control geographic territory ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.1 Reintegration support and environmental crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Natural resources have an enormous impact on armed conflict, and they can be used to either support or undermine efforts towards peace. Members of armed forces and groups frequently engage in environmental crime as a low-risk, high-profit source of revenue to fund recruitment or the purchase of weapons, or even to exert de facto control over geographic territories. Environmental crime encompasses a range of different activities in which natural resources are illegally exploited and often trafficked or sold into global supply chains. It can have heavy consequences on communities, including direct environmental degradation, such as the contamination of water or soils, or the destruction of agricultural crops; indirect environmental degradation, such as the loss of biodiversity and other ecosystem services; and\/or direct displacement and exposure to violence.At the same time, natural resources hold tremendous potential to support peace and development. In many parts of the world, elements of the natural environment are culturally significant and represent key components of social status and identity. Engaging former members of armed forces and groups in the management of natural resources, including in decision-making, direct environmental rehabilitation and\/or community-based natural resource management, helps to consolidate their status as civil citizens, thus reinforcing their political and social reintegration. Additionally, linking reintegration with well-managed natural resources can increase the range of options for economic reintegration support. Given the increase in environmental crime as a transnational organized crime activity and its role in war economies, understanding the links between natural resources, crime and reintegration is key.17 For further information, see IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.The reintegration of individuals who were previously engaged in environmental organized crime should aim to create sustainable alternatives in the same natural resources sector (to the extent possible, barring illegal trade in endangered species), keeping in mind the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019. Reintegration in natural resource sectors should be consistent with national laws and legal frameworks and promote environmental protection and restoration of the rule of law.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1400, "Sentence":"Environmental crime encompasses a range of different activities in which natural resources are illegally exploited and often trafficked or sold into global supply chains.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime environmental crime encompasses range different activity natural resource illegally exploited often trafficked sold global supply chain ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.1 Reintegration support and environmental crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Natural resources have an enormous impact on armed conflict, and they can be used to either support or undermine efforts towards peace. Members of armed forces and groups frequently engage in environmental crime as a low-risk, high-profit source of revenue to fund recruitment or the purchase of weapons, or even to exert de facto control over geographic territories. Environmental crime encompasses a range of different activities in which natural resources are illegally exploited and often trafficked or sold into global supply chains. It can have heavy consequences on communities, including direct environmental degradation, such as the contamination of water or soils, or the destruction of agricultural crops; indirect environmental degradation, such as the loss of biodiversity and other ecosystem services; and\/or direct displacement and exposure to violence.At the same time, natural resources hold tremendous potential to support peace and development. In many parts of the world, elements of the natural environment are culturally significant and represent key components of social status and identity. Engaging former members of armed forces and groups in the management of natural resources, including in decision-making, direct environmental rehabilitation and\/or community-based natural resource management, helps to consolidate their status as civil citizens, thus reinforcing their political and social reintegration. Additionally, linking reintegration with well-managed natural resources can increase the range of options for economic reintegration support. Given the increase in environmental crime as a transnational organized crime activity and its role in war economies, understanding the links between natural resources, crime and reintegration is key.17 For further information, see IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.The reintegration of individuals who were previously engaged in environmental organized crime should aim to create sustainable alternatives in the same natural resources sector (to the extent possible, barring illegal trade in endangered species), keeping in mind the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019. Reintegration in natural resource sectors should be consistent with national laws and legal frameworks and promote environmental protection and restoration of the rule of law.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1400, "Sentence":"It can have heavy consequences on communities, including direct environmental degradation, such as the contamination of water or soils, or the destruction of agricultural crops; indirect environmental degradation, such as the loss of biodiversity and other ecosystem services; and\/or direct displacement and exposure to violence.At the same time, natural resources hold tremendous potential to support peace and development.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime heavy consequence community including direct environmental degradation contamination water soil destruction agricultural crop indirect environmental degradation loss biodiversity ecosystem service and\/or direct displacement exposure violence.at time natural resource hold tremendous potential support peace development ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.1 Reintegration support and environmental crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Natural resources have an enormous impact on armed conflict, and they can be used to either support or undermine efforts towards peace. Members of armed forces and groups frequently engage in environmental crime as a low-risk, high-profit source of revenue to fund recruitment or the purchase of weapons, or even to exert de facto control over geographic territories. Environmental crime encompasses a range of different activities in which natural resources are illegally exploited and often trafficked or sold into global supply chains. It can have heavy consequences on communities, including direct environmental degradation, such as the contamination of water or soils, or the destruction of agricultural crops; indirect environmental degradation, such as the loss of biodiversity and other ecosystem services; and\/or direct displacement and exposure to violence.At the same time, natural resources hold tremendous potential to support peace and development. In many parts of the world, elements of the natural environment are culturally significant and represent key components of social status and identity. Engaging former members of armed forces and groups in the management of natural resources, including in decision-making, direct environmental rehabilitation and\/or community-based natural resource management, helps to consolidate their status as civil citizens, thus reinforcing their political and social reintegration. Additionally, linking reintegration with well-managed natural resources can increase the range of options for economic reintegration support. Given the increase in environmental crime as a transnational organized crime activity and its role in war economies, understanding the links between natural resources, crime and reintegration is key.17 For further information, see IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.The reintegration of individuals who were previously engaged in environmental organized crime should aim to create sustainable alternatives in the same natural resources sector (to the extent possible, barring illegal trade in endangered species), keeping in mind the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019. Reintegration in natural resource sectors should be consistent with national laws and legal frameworks and promote environmental protection and restoration of the rule of law.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1400, "Sentence":"In many parts of the world, elements of the natural environment are culturally significant and represent key components of social status and identity.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime many part world element natural environment culturally significant represent key component social status identity ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.1 Reintegration support and environmental crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Natural resources have an enormous impact on armed conflict, and they can be used to either support or undermine efforts towards peace. Members of armed forces and groups frequently engage in environmental crime as a low-risk, high-profit source of revenue to fund recruitment or the purchase of weapons, or even to exert de facto control over geographic territories. Environmental crime encompasses a range of different activities in which natural resources are illegally exploited and often trafficked or sold into global supply chains. It can have heavy consequences on communities, including direct environmental degradation, such as the contamination of water or soils, or the destruction of agricultural crops; indirect environmental degradation, such as the loss of biodiversity and other ecosystem services; and\/or direct displacement and exposure to violence.At the same time, natural resources hold tremendous potential to support peace and development. In many parts of the world, elements of the natural environment are culturally significant and represent key components of social status and identity. Engaging former members of armed forces and groups in the management of natural resources, including in decision-making, direct environmental rehabilitation and\/or community-based natural resource management, helps to consolidate their status as civil citizens, thus reinforcing their political and social reintegration. Additionally, linking reintegration with well-managed natural resources can increase the range of options for economic reintegration support. Given the increase in environmental crime as a transnational organized crime activity and its role in war economies, understanding the links between natural resources, crime and reintegration is key.17 For further information, see IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.The reintegration of individuals who were previously engaged in environmental organized crime should aim to create sustainable alternatives in the same natural resources sector (to the extent possible, barring illegal trade in endangered species), keeping in mind the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019. Reintegration in natural resource sectors should be consistent with national laws and legal frameworks and promote environmental protection and restoration of the rule of law.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1400, "Sentence":"Engaging former members of armed forces and groups in the management of natural resources, including in decision-making, direct environmental rehabilitation and\/or community-based natural resource management, helps to consolidate their status as civil citizens, thus reinforcing their political and social reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime engaging former member armed force group management natural resource including decisionmaking direct environmental rehabilitation and\/or communitybased natural resource management help consolidate status civil citizen thus reinforcing political social reintegration ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.1 Reintegration support and environmental crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Natural resources have an enormous impact on armed conflict, and they can be used to either support or undermine efforts towards peace. Members of armed forces and groups frequently engage in environmental crime as a low-risk, high-profit source of revenue to fund recruitment or the purchase of weapons, or even to exert de facto control over geographic territories. Environmental crime encompasses a range of different activities in which natural resources are illegally exploited and often trafficked or sold into global supply chains. It can have heavy consequences on communities, including direct environmental degradation, such as the contamination of water or soils, or the destruction of agricultural crops; indirect environmental degradation, such as the loss of biodiversity and other ecosystem services; and\/or direct displacement and exposure to violence.At the same time, natural resources hold tremendous potential to support peace and development. In many parts of the world, elements of the natural environment are culturally significant and represent key components of social status and identity. Engaging former members of armed forces and groups in the management of natural resources, including in decision-making, direct environmental rehabilitation and\/or community-based natural resource management, helps to consolidate their status as civil citizens, thus reinforcing their political and social reintegration. Additionally, linking reintegration with well-managed natural resources can increase the range of options for economic reintegration support. Given the increase in environmental crime as a transnational organized crime activity and its role in war economies, understanding the links between natural resources, crime and reintegration is key.17 For further information, see IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.The reintegration of individuals who were previously engaged in environmental organized crime should aim to create sustainable alternatives in the same natural resources sector (to the extent possible, barring illegal trade in endangered species), keeping in mind the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019. Reintegration in natural resource sectors should be consistent with national laws and legal frameworks and promote environmental protection and restoration of the rule of law.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1400, "Sentence":"Additionally, linking reintegration with well-managed natural resources can increase the range of options for economic reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime additionally linking reintegration wellmanaged natural resource increase range option economic reintegration support ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.1 Reintegration support and environmental crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Natural resources have an enormous impact on armed conflict, and they can be used to either support or undermine efforts towards peace. Members of armed forces and groups frequently engage in environmental crime as a low-risk, high-profit source of revenue to fund recruitment or the purchase of weapons, or even to exert de facto control over geographic territories. Environmental crime encompasses a range of different activities in which natural resources are illegally exploited and often trafficked or sold into global supply chains. It can have heavy consequences on communities, including direct environmental degradation, such as the contamination of water or soils, or the destruction of agricultural crops; indirect environmental degradation, such as the loss of biodiversity and other ecosystem services; and\/or direct displacement and exposure to violence.At the same time, natural resources hold tremendous potential to support peace and development. In many parts of the world, elements of the natural environment are culturally significant and represent key components of social status and identity. Engaging former members of armed forces and groups in the management of natural resources, including in decision-making, direct environmental rehabilitation and\/or community-based natural resource management, helps to consolidate their status as civil citizens, thus reinforcing their political and social reintegration. Additionally, linking reintegration with well-managed natural resources can increase the range of options for economic reintegration support. Given the increase in environmental crime as a transnational organized crime activity and its role in war economies, understanding the links between natural resources, crime and reintegration is key.17 For further information, see IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.The reintegration of individuals who were previously engaged in environmental organized crime should aim to create sustainable alternatives in the same natural resources sector (to the extent possible, barring illegal trade in endangered species), keeping in mind the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019. Reintegration in natural resource sectors should be consistent with national laws and legal frameworks and promote environmental protection and restoration of the rule of law.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1400, "Sentence":"Given the increase in environmental crime as a transnational organized crime activity and its role in war economies, understanding the links between natural resources, crime and reintegration is key.17 For further information, see IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.The reintegration of individuals who were previously engaged in environmental organized crime should aim to create sustainable alternatives in the same natural resources sector (to the extent possible, barring illegal trade in endangered species), keeping in mind the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime given increase environmental crime transnational organized crime activity role war economy understanding link natural resource crime reintegration key.17 information see iddrs 6.30 ddr natural resources.the reintegration individual previously engaged environmental organized crime aim create sustainable alternative natural resource sector extent possible barring illegal trade endangered specie keeping mind principle \u2018 harm \u2019 ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.1 Reintegration support and environmental crime", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Natural resources have an enormous impact on armed conflict, and they can be used to either support or undermine efforts towards peace. Members of armed forces and groups frequently engage in environmental crime as a low-risk, high-profit source of revenue to fund recruitment or the purchase of weapons, or even to exert de facto control over geographic territories. Environmental crime encompasses a range of different activities in which natural resources are illegally exploited and often trafficked or sold into global supply chains. It can have heavy consequences on communities, including direct environmental degradation, such as the contamination of water or soils, or the destruction of agricultural crops; indirect environmental degradation, such as the loss of biodiversity and other ecosystem services; and\/or direct displacement and exposure to violence.At the same time, natural resources hold tremendous potential to support peace and development. In many parts of the world, elements of the natural environment are culturally significant and represent key components of social status and identity. Engaging former members of armed forces and groups in the management of natural resources, including in decision-making, direct environmental rehabilitation and\/or community-based natural resource management, helps to consolidate their status as civil citizens, thus reinforcing their political and social reintegration. Additionally, linking reintegration with well-managed natural resources can increase the range of options for economic reintegration support. Given the increase in environmental crime as a transnational organized crime activity and its role in war economies, understanding the links between natural resources, crime and reintegration is key.17 For further information, see IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.The reintegration of individuals who were previously engaged in environmental organized crime should aim to create sustainable alternatives in the same natural resources sector (to the extent possible, barring illegal trade in endangered species), keeping in mind the principle of \u2018do no harm\u2019. Reintegration in natural resource sectors should be consistent with national laws and legal frameworks and promote environmental protection and restoration of the rule of law.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1400, "Sentence":"Reintegration in natural resource sectors should be consistent with national laws and legal frameworks and promote environmental protection and restoration of the rule of law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime reintegration natural resource sector consistent national law legal framework promote environmental protection restoration rule law ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.2 Reintegration support and drug trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The drug trade has an important impact on conflict-affected societies. It weakens State authority and drives legitimacy away from legal institutions, diverts funds from the formal economy, creates economic dependence, and causes widespread violence and insecurity. The drug trade also impacts communities, with serious consequences for people\u2019s general well-being and health. High rates of addiction and HIV\/AIDS prevalence have been found in societies where narcotics are cultivated and produced.DDR practitioners implementing reintegration programmes may respond to illicit crop cultivation through support to crop substitution, integrated rural development and\/or alternative livelihoods. However, DDR practitioners should consider the risks and opportunities associated with these approaches, including the security requirements and socioeconomic impacts of removing illicit cultivation. Crop substitution is a valid but lengthy measure that may deprive small-scale farmers of an immediate and valuable source of income. It may also make them vulnerable to threats and violence from the criminal networks that control illicit cultivation and trade. It may be possible to encourage the private sector to purchase substituted crops cultivated by former members of armed forces and groups. This will help to ensure the sustainability of crop substitution, by providing income and investment in exchange for locally produced raw material. This can in turn decrease costs and increase product quality.Crop substitution, integrated rural development and alternative livelihoods should fit into broader macroeconomic and rural reform. These measures should be accompanied by a law enforcement strategy to guarantee protection and justice to participants in the reintegration programme. DDR practitioners should also consider rehabilitation and health-care assistance to tackle high levels of substance addiction and drug-related illness. Since the funding for reintegration support is often timebound, it is important for DDR practitioners to establish partnerships and coordination mechanisms with relevant local organizations in a range of sectors, including civil society, health care and the private sector. These entities can work to address the social and medical issues of former members of armed forces and groups, as well as community members, who have been engaged in or affected by the illicit drug trade.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1401, "Sentence":"The drug trade has an important impact on conflict-affected societies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime drug trade important impact conflictaffected society ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.2 Reintegration support and drug trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The drug trade has an important impact on conflict-affected societies. It weakens State authority and drives legitimacy away from legal institutions, diverts funds from the formal economy, creates economic dependence, and causes widespread violence and insecurity. The drug trade also impacts communities, with serious consequences for people\u2019s general well-being and health. High rates of addiction and HIV\/AIDS prevalence have been found in societies where narcotics are cultivated and produced.DDR practitioners implementing reintegration programmes may respond to illicit crop cultivation through support to crop substitution, integrated rural development and\/or alternative livelihoods. However, DDR practitioners should consider the risks and opportunities associated with these approaches, including the security requirements and socioeconomic impacts of removing illicit cultivation. Crop substitution is a valid but lengthy measure that may deprive small-scale farmers of an immediate and valuable source of income. It may also make them vulnerable to threats and violence from the criminal networks that control illicit cultivation and trade. It may be possible to encourage the private sector to purchase substituted crops cultivated by former members of armed forces and groups. This will help to ensure the sustainability of crop substitution, by providing income and investment in exchange for locally produced raw material. This can in turn decrease costs and increase product quality.Crop substitution, integrated rural development and alternative livelihoods should fit into broader macroeconomic and rural reform. These measures should be accompanied by a law enforcement strategy to guarantee protection and justice to participants in the reintegration programme. DDR practitioners should also consider rehabilitation and health-care assistance to tackle high levels of substance addiction and drug-related illness. Since the funding for reintegration support is often timebound, it is important for DDR practitioners to establish partnerships and coordination mechanisms with relevant local organizations in a range of sectors, including civil society, health care and the private sector. These entities can work to address the social and medical issues of former members of armed forces and groups, as well as community members, who have been engaged in or affected by the illicit drug trade.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1401, "Sentence":"It weakens State authority and drives legitimacy away from legal institutions, diverts funds from the formal economy, creates economic dependence, and causes widespread violence and insecurity.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime weakens state authority drive legitimacy away legal institution diverts fund formal economy creates economic dependence cause widespread violence insecurity ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.2 Reintegration support and drug trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The drug trade has an important impact on conflict-affected societies. It weakens State authority and drives legitimacy away from legal institutions, diverts funds from the formal economy, creates economic dependence, and causes widespread violence and insecurity. The drug trade also impacts communities, with serious consequences for people\u2019s general well-being and health. High rates of addiction and HIV\/AIDS prevalence have been found in societies where narcotics are cultivated and produced.DDR practitioners implementing reintegration programmes may respond to illicit crop cultivation through support to crop substitution, integrated rural development and\/or alternative livelihoods. However, DDR practitioners should consider the risks and opportunities associated with these approaches, including the security requirements and socioeconomic impacts of removing illicit cultivation. Crop substitution is a valid but lengthy measure that may deprive small-scale farmers of an immediate and valuable source of income. It may also make them vulnerable to threats and violence from the criminal networks that control illicit cultivation and trade. It may be possible to encourage the private sector to purchase substituted crops cultivated by former members of armed forces and groups. This will help to ensure the sustainability of crop substitution, by providing income and investment in exchange for locally produced raw material. This can in turn decrease costs and increase product quality.Crop substitution, integrated rural development and alternative livelihoods should fit into broader macroeconomic and rural reform. These measures should be accompanied by a law enforcement strategy to guarantee protection and justice to participants in the reintegration programme. DDR practitioners should also consider rehabilitation and health-care assistance to tackle high levels of substance addiction and drug-related illness. Since the funding for reintegration support is often timebound, it is important for DDR practitioners to establish partnerships and coordination mechanisms with relevant local organizations in a range of sectors, including civil society, health care and the private sector. These entities can work to address the social and medical issues of former members of armed forces and groups, as well as community members, who have been engaged in or affected by the illicit drug trade.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1401, "Sentence":"The drug trade also impacts communities, with serious consequences for people\u2019s general well-being and health.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime drug trade also impact community serious consequence people \u2019 general wellbeing health ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.2 Reintegration support and drug trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The drug trade has an important impact on conflict-affected societies. It weakens State authority and drives legitimacy away from legal institutions, diverts funds from the formal economy, creates economic dependence, and causes widespread violence and insecurity. The drug trade also impacts communities, with serious consequences for people\u2019s general well-being and health. High rates of addiction and HIV\/AIDS prevalence have been found in societies where narcotics are cultivated and produced.DDR practitioners implementing reintegration programmes may respond to illicit crop cultivation through support to crop substitution, integrated rural development and\/or alternative livelihoods. However, DDR practitioners should consider the risks and opportunities associated with these approaches, including the security requirements and socioeconomic impacts of removing illicit cultivation. Crop substitution is a valid but lengthy measure that may deprive small-scale farmers of an immediate and valuable source of income. It may also make them vulnerable to threats and violence from the criminal networks that control illicit cultivation and trade. It may be possible to encourage the private sector to purchase substituted crops cultivated by former members of armed forces and groups. This will help to ensure the sustainability of crop substitution, by providing income and investment in exchange for locally produced raw material. This can in turn decrease costs and increase product quality.Crop substitution, integrated rural development and alternative livelihoods should fit into broader macroeconomic and rural reform. These measures should be accompanied by a law enforcement strategy to guarantee protection and justice to participants in the reintegration programme. DDR practitioners should also consider rehabilitation and health-care assistance to tackle high levels of substance addiction and drug-related illness. Since the funding for reintegration support is often timebound, it is important for DDR practitioners to establish partnerships and coordination mechanisms with relevant local organizations in a range of sectors, including civil society, health care and the private sector. These entities can work to address the social and medical issues of former members of armed forces and groups, as well as community members, who have been engaged in or affected by the illicit drug trade.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1401, "Sentence":"High rates of addiction and HIV\/AIDS prevalence have been found in societies where narcotics are cultivated and produced.DDR practitioners implementing reintegration programmes may respond to illicit crop cultivation through support to crop substitution, integrated rural development and\/or alternative livelihoods.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime high rate addiction hiv\/aids prevalence found society narcotic cultivated produced.ddr practitioner implementing reintegration programme may respond illicit crop cultivation support crop substitution integrated rural development and\/or alternative livelihood ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.2 Reintegration support and drug trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The drug trade has an important impact on conflict-affected societies. It weakens State authority and drives legitimacy away from legal institutions, diverts funds from the formal economy, creates economic dependence, and causes widespread violence and insecurity. The drug trade also impacts communities, with serious consequences for people\u2019s general well-being and health. High rates of addiction and HIV\/AIDS prevalence have been found in societies where narcotics are cultivated and produced.DDR practitioners implementing reintegration programmes may respond to illicit crop cultivation through support to crop substitution, integrated rural development and\/or alternative livelihoods. However, DDR practitioners should consider the risks and opportunities associated with these approaches, including the security requirements and socioeconomic impacts of removing illicit cultivation. Crop substitution is a valid but lengthy measure that may deprive small-scale farmers of an immediate and valuable source of income. It may also make them vulnerable to threats and violence from the criminal networks that control illicit cultivation and trade. It may be possible to encourage the private sector to purchase substituted crops cultivated by former members of armed forces and groups. This will help to ensure the sustainability of crop substitution, by providing income and investment in exchange for locally produced raw material. This can in turn decrease costs and increase product quality.Crop substitution, integrated rural development and alternative livelihoods should fit into broader macroeconomic and rural reform. These measures should be accompanied by a law enforcement strategy to guarantee protection and justice to participants in the reintegration programme. DDR practitioners should also consider rehabilitation and health-care assistance to tackle high levels of substance addiction and drug-related illness. Since the funding for reintegration support is often timebound, it is important for DDR practitioners to establish partnerships and coordination mechanisms with relevant local organizations in a range of sectors, including civil society, health care and the private sector. These entities can work to address the social and medical issues of former members of armed forces and groups, as well as community members, who have been engaged in or affected by the illicit drug trade.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1401, "Sentence":"However, DDR practitioners should consider the risks and opportunities associated with these approaches, including the security requirements and socioeconomic impacts of removing illicit cultivation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime however ddr practitioner consider risk opportunity associated approach including security requirement socioeconomic impact removing illicit cultivation ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.2 Reintegration support and drug trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The drug trade has an important impact on conflict-affected societies. It weakens State authority and drives legitimacy away from legal institutions, diverts funds from the formal economy, creates economic dependence, and causes widespread violence and insecurity. The drug trade also impacts communities, with serious consequences for people\u2019s general well-being and health. High rates of addiction and HIV\/AIDS prevalence have been found in societies where narcotics are cultivated and produced.DDR practitioners implementing reintegration programmes may respond to illicit crop cultivation through support to crop substitution, integrated rural development and\/or alternative livelihoods. However, DDR practitioners should consider the risks and opportunities associated with these approaches, including the security requirements and socioeconomic impacts of removing illicit cultivation. Crop substitution is a valid but lengthy measure that may deprive small-scale farmers of an immediate and valuable source of income. It may also make them vulnerable to threats and violence from the criminal networks that control illicit cultivation and trade. It may be possible to encourage the private sector to purchase substituted crops cultivated by former members of armed forces and groups. This will help to ensure the sustainability of crop substitution, by providing income and investment in exchange for locally produced raw material. This can in turn decrease costs and increase product quality.Crop substitution, integrated rural development and alternative livelihoods should fit into broader macroeconomic and rural reform. These measures should be accompanied by a law enforcement strategy to guarantee protection and justice to participants in the reintegration programme. DDR practitioners should also consider rehabilitation and health-care assistance to tackle high levels of substance addiction and drug-related illness. Since the funding for reintegration support is often timebound, it is important for DDR practitioners to establish partnerships and coordination mechanisms with relevant local organizations in a range of sectors, including civil society, health care and the private sector. These entities can work to address the social and medical issues of former members of armed forces and groups, as well as community members, who have been engaged in or affected by the illicit drug trade.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1401, "Sentence":"Crop substitution is a valid but lengthy measure that may deprive small-scale farmers of an immediate and valuable source of income.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime crop substitution valid lengthy measure may deprive smallscale farmer immediate valuable source income ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.2 Reintegration support and drug trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The drug trade has an important impact on conflict-affected societies. It weakens State authority and drives legitimacy away from legal institutions, diverts funds from the formal economy, creates economic dependence, and causes widespread violence and insecurity. The drug trade also impacts communities, with serious consequences for people\u2019s general well-being and health. High rates of addiction and HIV\/AIDS prevalence have been found in societies where narcotics are cultivated and produced.DDR practitioners implementing reintegration programmes may respond to illicit crop cultivation through support to crop substitution, integrated rural development and\/or alternative livelihoods. However, DDR practitioners should consider the risks and opportunities associated with these approaches, including the security requirements and socioeconomic impacts of removing illicit cultivation. Crop substitution is a valid but lengthy measure that may deprive small-scale farmers of an immediate and valuable source of income. It may also make them vulnerable to threats and violence from the criminal networks that control illicit cultivation and trade. It may be possible to encourage the private sector to purchase substituted crops cultivated by former members of armed forces and groups. This will help to ensure the sustainability of crop substitution, by providing income and investment in exchange for locally produced raw material. This can in turn decrease costs and increase product quality.Crop substitution, integrated rural development and alternative livelihoods should fit into broader macroeconomic and rural reform. These measures should be accompanied by a law enforcement strategy to guarantee protection and justice to participants in the reintegration programme. DDR practitioners should also consider rehabilitation and health-care assistance to tackle high levels of substance addiction and drug-related illness. Since the funding for reintegration support is often timebound, it is important for DDR practitioners to establish partnerships and coordination mechanisms with relevant local organizations in a range of sectors, including civil society, health care and the private sector. These entities can work to address the social and medical issues of former members of armed forces and groups, as well as community members, who have been engaged in or affected by the illicit drug trade.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1401, "Sentence":"It may also make them vulnerable to threats and violence from the criminal networks that control illicit cultivation and trade.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime may also make vulnerable threat violence criminal network control illicit cultivation trade ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.2 Reintegration support and drug trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The drug trade has an important impact on conflict-affected societies. It weakens State authority and drives legitimacy away from legal institutions, diverts funds from the formal economy, creates economic dependence, and causes widespread violence and insecurity. The drug trade also impacts communities, with serious consequences for people\u2019s general well-being and health. High rates of addiction and HIV\/AIDS prevalence have been found in societies where narcotics are cultivated and produced.DDR practitioners implementing reintegration programmes may respond to illicit crop cultivation through support to crop substitution, integrated rural development and\/or alternative livelihoods. However, DDR practitioners should consider the risks and opportunities associated with these approaches, including the security requirements and socioeconomic impacts of removing illicit cultivation. Crop substitution is a valid but lengthy measure that may deprive small-scale farmers of an immediate and valuable source of income. It may also make them vulnerable to threats and violence from the criminal networks that control illicit cultivation and trade. It may be possible to encourage the private sector to purchase substituted crops cultivated by former members of armed forces and groups. This will help to ensure the sustainability of crop substitution, by providing income and investment in exchange for locally produced raw material. This can in turn decrease costs and increase product quality.Crop substitution, integrated rural development and alternative livelihoods should fit into broader macroeconomic and rural reform. These measures should be accompanied by a law enforcement strategy to guarantee protection and justice to participants in the reintegration programme. DDR practitioners should also consider rehabilitation and health-care assistance to tackle high levels of substance addiction and drug-related illness. Since the funding for reintegration support is often timebound, it is important for DDR practitioners to establish partnerships and coordination mechanisms with relevant local organizations in a range of sectors, including civil society, health care and the private sector. These entities can work to address the social and medical issues of former members of armed forces and groups, as well as community members, who have been engaged in or affected by the illicit drug trade.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1401, "Sentence":"It may be possible to encourage the private sector to purchase substituted crops cultivated by former members of armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime may possible encourage private sector purchase substituted crop cultivated former member armed force group ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.2 Reintegration support and drug trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The drug trade has an important impact on conflict-affected societies. It weakens State authority and drives legitimacy away from legal institutions, diverts funds from the formal economy, creates economic dependence, and causes widespread violence and insecurity. The drug trade also impacts communities, with serious consequences for people\u2019s general well-being and health. High rates of addiction and HIV\/AIDS prevalence have been found in societies where narcotics are cultivated and produced.DDR practitioners implementing reintegration programmes may respond to illicit crop cultivation through support to crop substitution, integrated rural development and\/or alternative livelihoods. However, DDR practitioners should consider the risks and opportunities associated with these approaches, including the security requirements and socioeconomic impacts of removing illicit cultivation. Crop substitution is a valid but lengthy measure that may deprive small-scale farmers of an immediate and valuable source of income. It may also make them vulnerable to threats and violence from the criminal networks that control illicit cultivation and trade. It may be possible to encourage the private sector to purchase substituted crops cultivated by former members of armed forces and groups. This will help to ensure the sustainability of crop substitution, by providing income and investment in exchange for locally produced raw material. This can in turn decrease costs and increase product quality.Crop substitution, integrated rural development and alternative livelihoods should fit into broader macroeconomic and rural reform. These measures should be accompanied by a law enforcement strategy to guarantee protection and justice to participants in the reintegration programme. DDR practitioners should also consider rehabilitation and health-care assistance to tackle high levels of substance addiction and drug-related illness. Since the funding for reintegration support is often timebound, it is important for DDR practitioners to establish partnerships and coordination mechanisms with relevant local organizations in a range of sectors, including civil society, health care and the private sector. These entities can work to address the social and medical issues of former members of armed forces and groups, as well as community members, who have been engaged in or affected by the illicit drug trade.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1401, "Sentence":"This will help to ensure the sustainability of crop substitution, by providing income and investment in exchange for locally produced raw material.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime help ensure sustainability crop substitution providing income investment exchange locally produced raw material ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.2 Reintegration support and drug trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The drug trade has an important impact on conflict-affected societies. It weakens State authority and drives legitimacy away from legal institutions, diverts funds from the formal economy, creates economic dependence, and causes widespread violence and insecurity. The drug trade also impacts communities, with serious consequences for people\u2019s general well-being and health. High rates of addiction and HIV\/AIDS prevalence have been found in societies where narcotics are cultivated and produced.DDR practitioners implementing reintegration programmes may respond to illicit crop cultivation through support to crop substitution, integrated rural development and\/or alternative livelihoods. However, DDR practitioners should consider the risks and opportunities associated with these approaches, including the security requirements and socioeconomic impacts of removing illicit cultivation. Crop substitution is a valid but lengthy measure that may deprive small-scale farmers of an immediate and valuable source of income. It may also make them vulnerable to threats and violence from the criminal networks that control illicit cultivation and trade. It may be possible to encourage the private sector to purchase substituted crops cultivated by former members of armed forces and groups. This will help to ensure the sustainability of crop substitution, by providing income and investment in exchange for locally produced raw material. This can in turn decrease costs and increase product quality.Crop substitution, integrated rural development and alternative livelihoods should fit into broader macroeconomic and rural reform. These measures should be accompanied by a law enforcement strategy to guarantee protection and justice to participants in the reintegration programme. DDR practitioners should also consider rehabilitation and health-care assistance to tackle high levels of substance addiction and drug-related illness. Since the funding for reintegration support is often timebound, it is important for DDR practitioners to establish partnerships and coordination mechanisms with relevant local organizations in a range of sectors, including civil society, health care and the private sector. These entities can work to address the social and medical issues of former members of armed forces and groups, as well as community members, who have been engaged in or affected by the illicit drug trade.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1401, "Sentence":"This can in turn decrease costs and increase product quality.Crop substitution, integrated rural development and alternative livelihoods should fit into broader macroeconomic and rural reform.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime turn decrease cost increase product quality.crop substitution integrated rural development alternative livelihood fit broader macroeconomic rural reform ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.2 Reintegration support and drug trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The drug trade has an important impact on conflict-affected societies. It weakens State authority and drives legitimacy away from legal institutions, diverts funds from the formal economy, creates economic dependence, and causes widespread violence and insecurity. The drug trade also impacts communities, with serious consequences for people\u2019s general well-being and health. High rates of addiction and HIV\/AIDS prevalence have been found in societies where narcotics are cultivated and produced.DDR practitioners implementing reintegration programmes may respond to illicit crop cultivation through support to crop substitution, integrated rural development and\/or alternative livelihoods. However, DDR practitioners should consider the risks and opportunities associated with these approaches, including the security requirements and socioeconomic impacts of removing illicit cultivation. Crop substitution is a valid but lengthy measure that may deprive small-scale farmers of an immediate and valuable source of income. It may also make them vulnerable to threats and violence from the criminal networks that control illicit cultivation and trade. It may be possible to encourage the private sector to purchase substituted crops cultivated by former members of armed forces and groups. This will help to ensure the sustainability of crop substitution, by providing income and investment in exchange for locally produced raw material. This can in turn decrease costs and increase product quality.Crop substitution, integrated rural development and alternative livelihoods should fit into broader macroeconomic and rural reform. These measures should be accompanied by a law enforcement strategy to guarantee protection and justice to participants in the reintegration programme. DDR practitioners should also consider rehabilitation and health-care assistance to tackle high levels of substance addiction and drug-related illness. Since the funding for reintegration support is often timebound, it is important for DDR practitioners to establish partnerships and coordination mechanisms with relevant local organizations in a range of sectors, including civil society, health care and the private sector. These entities can work to address the social and medical issues of former members of armed forces and groups, as well as community members, who have been engaged in or affected by the illicit drug trade.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1401, "Sentence":"These measures should be accompanied by a law enforcement strategy to guarantee protection and justice to participants in the reintegration programme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime measure accompanied law enforcement strategy guarantee protection justice participant reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.2 Reintegration support and drug trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The drug trade has an important impact on conflict-affected societies. It weakens State authority and drives legitimacy away from legal institutions, diverts funds from the formal economy, creates economic dependence, and causes widespread violence and insecurity. The drug trade also impacts communities, with serious consequences for people\u2019s general well-being and health. High rates of addiction and HIV\/AIDS prevalence have been found in societies where narcotics are cultivated and produced.DDR practitioners implementing reintegration programmes may respond to illicit crop cultivation through support to crop substitution, integrated rural development and\/or alternative livelihoods. However, DDR practitioners should consider the risks and opportunities associated with these approaches, including the security requirements and socioeconomic impacts of removing illicit cultivation. Crop substitution is a valid but lengthy measure that may deprive small-scale farmers of an immediate and valuable source of income. It may also make them vulnerable to threats and violence from the criminal networks that control illicit cultivation and trade. It may be possible to encourage the private sector to purchase substituted crops cultivated by former members of armed forces and groups. This will help to ensure the sustainability of crop substitution, by providing income and investment in exchange for locally produced raw material. This can in turn decrease costs and increase product quality.Crop substitution, integrated rural development and alternative livelihoods should fit into broader macroeconomic and rural reform. These measures should be accompanied by a law enforcement strategy to guarantee protection and justice to participants in the reintegration programme. DDR practitioners should also consider rehabilitation and health-care assistance to tackle high levels of substance addiction and drug-related illness. Since the funding for reintegration support is often timebound, it is important for DDR practitioners to establish partnerships and coordination mechanisms with relevant local organizations in a range of sectors, including civil society, health care and the private sector. These entities can work to address the social and medical issues of former members of armed forces and groups, as well as community members, who have been engaged in or affected by the illicit drug trade.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1401, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should also consider rehabilitation and health-care assistance to tackle high levels of substance addiction and drug-related illness.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner also consider rehabilitation healthcare assistance tackle high level substance addiction drugrelated illness ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.2 Reintegration support and drug trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The drug trade has an important impact on conflict-affected societies. It weakens State authority and drives legitimacy away from legal institutions, diverts funds from the formal economy, creates economic dependence, and causes widespread violence and insecurity. The drug trade also impacts communities, with serious consequences for people\u2019s general well-being and health. High rates of addiction and HIV\/AIDS prevalence have been found in societies where narcotics are cultivated and produced.DDR practitioners implementing reintegration programmes may respond to illicit crop cultivation through support to crop substitution, integrated rural development and\/or alternative livelihoods. However, DDR practitioners should consider the risks and opportunities associated with these approaches, including the security requirements and socioeconomic impacts of removing illicit cultivation. Crop substitution is a valid but lengthy measure that may deprive small-scale farmers of an immediate and valuable source of income. It may also make them vulnerable to threats and violence from the criminal networks that control illicit cultivation and trade. It may be possible to encourage the private sector to purchase substituted crops cultivated by former members of armed forces and groups. This will help to ensure the sustainability of crop substitution, by providing income and investment in exchange for locally produced raw material. This can in turn decrease costs and increase product quality.Crop substitution, integrated rural development and alternative livelihoods should fit into broader macroeconomic and rural reform. These measures should be accompanied by a law enforcement strategy to guarantee protection and justice to participants in the reintegration programme. DDR practitioners should also consider rehabilitation and health-care assistance to tackle high levels of substance addiction and drug-related illness. Since the funding for reintegration support is often timebound, it is important for DDR practitioners to establish partnerships and coordination mechanisms with relevant local organizations in a range of sectors, including civil society, health care and the private sector. These entities can work to address the social and medical issues of former members of armed forces and groups, as well as community members, who have been engaged in or affected by the illicit drug trade.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1401, "Sentence":"Since the funding for reintegration support is often timebound, it is important for DDR practitioners to establish partnerships and coordination mechanisms with relevant local organizations in a range of sectors, including civil society, health care and the private sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime since funding reintegration support often timebound important ddr practitioner establish partnership coordination mechanism relevant local organization range sector including civil society health care private sector ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.2 Reintegration support and drug trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"The drug trade has an important impact on conflict-affected societies. It weakens State authority and drives legitimacy away from legal institutions, diverts funds from the formal economy, creates economic dependence, and causes widespread violence and insecurity. The drug trade also impacts communities, with serious consequences for people\u2019s general well-being and health. High rates of addiction and HIV\/AIDS prevalence have been found in societies where narcotics are cultivated and produced.DDR practitioners implementing reintegration programmes may respond to illicit crop cultivation through support to crop substitution, integrated rural development and\/or alternative livelihoods. However, DDR practitioners should consider the risks and opportunities associated with these approaches, including the security requirements and socioeconomic impacts of removing illicit cultivation. Crop substitution is a valid but lengthy measure that may deprive small-scale farmers of an immediate and valuable source of income. It may also make them vulnerable to threats and violence from the criminal networks that control illicit cultivation and trade. It may be possible to encourage the private sector to purchase substituted crops cultivated by former members of armed forces and groups. This will help to ensure the sustainability of crop substitution, by providing income and investment in exchange for locally produced raw material. This can in turn decrease costs and increase product quality.Crop substitution, integrated rural development and alternative livelihoods should fit into broader macroeconomic and rural reform. These measures should be accompanied by a law enforcement strategy to guarantee protection and justice to participants in the reintegration programme. DDR practitioners should also consider rehabilitation and health-care assistance to tackle high levels of substance addiction and drug-related illness. Since the funding for reintegration support is often timebound, it is important for DDR practitioners to establish partnerships and coordination mechanisms with relevant local organizations in a range of sectors, including civil society, health care and the private sector. These entities can work to address the social and medical issues of former members of armed forces and groups, as well as community members, who have been engaged in or affected by the illicit drug trade.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1401, "Sentence":"These entities can work to address the social and medical issues of former members of armed forces and groups, as well as community members, who have been engaged in or affected by the illicit drug trade.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime entity work address social medical issue former member armed force group well community member engaged affected illicit drug trade ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime armed conflict amplifies condition human trafficking occurs ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime conflict vulnerability affected population increase due economic desperation weak rule law unavailability social service forcing people flee safety ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime human trafficking target vulnerable segment population ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime armed group \u2018 recruit \u2019 victim refugee internally displaced person camp well among population affected conflict attracting false promise employment education safety ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime many trafficked people end exploited abroad others remain inside country \u2019 border filling armed group providing forced labour becoming \u2018 war wife \u2019 sex slaves.human trafficking often strong transnational component turn may affect reintegration effort ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime armed group organized criminal group engage human trafficking collaborating network active country ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime conflict area source transit destination country ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime reintegration programme exercise extreme caution sustaining activity may conceal trafficking link may used launder proceeds trafficking ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime continuous assessment key recognizing evaluating risk human trafficking ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner engage wide range actor neighbouring country regionally coordinate repatriation reintegration victim human trafficking appropriate.children often victim organized crime including child trafficking worst form child labour frequent victim sexual exploitation forced marriage forced labour recruitment armed force group ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime reintegration practitioner aware child present dependant may victim trafficking ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime reintegration effort specifically targeting child survivor crossborder human trafficking including forcible recruitment forced labour sexual exploitation armed force group require working closely local national regional child protection agency programme ensure specific need met supported reintegration beyond end ddr ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime family tracing reunification best interest child started earliest possible stage carried time activities.children trafficked considered treated victim including may committed crime period exploitation ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime criminal action taken handled according childfriendly juvenile justice procedure consistent international law norm regarding child contact law including beijing rule havana principle among others ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime consistent un convention right child best interest child shall primary consideration decision pertaining child ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information see iddrs 5.30 child ddr.women likely become victim organized crime men subjected sex exploitation trade rape abuse murder ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime prevailing subculture hegemonic masculinity machismo become detrimental woman conflict situation lack instituted rule law security measure ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime situation since criminal justice system rendered ineffective organized crime directed woman go unpunished ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr practitioner part reintegration programming develop targeted measure address organized crime subculture correlated machismo ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and organized crime", "Heading2":"9.3 Reintegration support and human trafficking", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Armed conflict amplifies the conditions in which human trafficking occurs. During a conflict, the vulnerability of the affected population increases, due to economic desperation, weak rule of law and unavailability of social services, forcing people to flee for safety. Human trafficking targets the most vulnerable segments of the population. Armed groups \u2018recruit\u2019 their victims in refugee and internally displaced persons camps, as well as among populations affected by the conflict, attracting them with false promises of employment, education or safety. Many trafficked people end up being exploited abroad, but others remain inside the country\u2019s borders filling armed groups, providing forced labour, and becoming \u2018war wives\u2019 and sex slaves.Human trafficking often has a strong transnational component, which, in turn, may affect reintegration efforts. Armed groups and organized criminal groups engage in human trafficking by collaborating with networks active in other countries. Conflict areas can be source, transit or destination countries. Reintegration programmes should exercise extreme caution in sustaining activities that may conceal trafficking links or may be used to launder the proceeds of trafficking. Continuous assessment is key to recognizing and evaluating the risk of human trafficking. DDR practitioners should engage with a wide range of actors in neighbouring countries and regionally to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of victims of human trafficking, where appropriate.Children are often victims of organized crime, including child trafficking and the worst forms of child labour, being frequent victims of sexual exploitation, forced marriage, forced labour and recruitment into armed forces or groups. Reintegration practitioners should be aware that children who present as dependants may be victims of trafficking. Reintegration efforts specifically targeting children, as survivors of cross-border human trafficking, including forcible recruitment, forced labour and sexual exploitation by armed forces and groups, require working closely with local, national and regional child protection agencies and programmes to ensure their specific needs are met and that they are supported in their reintegration beyond the end of DDR. Family tracing and reunification (if in the best interests of the child) should be started at the earliest possible stage and can be carried out at the same time as other activities.Children who have been trafficked should be considered and treated as victims, including those who may have committed crimes during the period of their exploitation. Any criminal action taken against them should be handled according to child-friendly juvenile justice procedures, consistent with international law and norms regarding children in contact with the law, including the Beijing Rules and Havana Principles, among others. Consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in all decisions pertaining to a child. For further information, see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR.Women are more likely to become victims of organized crime than men, being subjected to sex exploitation and trade, rape, abuse and murder. The prevailing subcultures of hegemonic masculinity and machismo become detrimental to women in conflict situations where there is a lack of instituted rule of law and security measures. In these situations, since the criminal justice system is rendered ineffective, organized crimes directed against women go unpunished. DDR practitioners, as part of reintegration programming, should develop targeted measures to address the organized crime subculture and correlated machismo. For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1402, "Sentence":"For further information, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime organized crime\u2013conflict context state may decide adjust range criminal act preclude member armed force group participation ddr programme ddr related tool reintegration support ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime example human trafficking encompasses wide range form recruitment child armed force group forced labour sexual exploitation ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime certain instance engagement crime may rise level war crime crime humanity genocide and\/or gross violation human right ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime therefore ddr participant found committed crime shall immediately removed participation.similarly degree engagement criminal activity consideration state may also consider commits specific act ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime example foot soldier involved sexual exploitation individual specific group controlled territory marries child bride held accountable degree commander issue order foot soldier" }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime international humanitarian law declares compliance superior order constitute defence mitigating factor ddr practitioner may also advise state whether different approach needed different ranks.ddr practitioner inevitably operate within statebased framework must therefore abide determination set state identified legitimate authority ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime conflict setting state prosecutorial discretion identifies crime \u2018 serious \u2019 defined united nation convention transnational organized crime ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime absence genocide crime humanity war crime serious human right violation fall state implement criminal justice measure tackle individual \u2019 group \u2019 engagement organized criminal activities.however issue arise state party conflict either weaponizes organized crime order prosecute member adversarial group engages criminal activity ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime although illicit economy major source financing armed group many case could place without assistance state ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime corruption important issue need addressed much organized crime ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime political actor may involved criminal economy various level particularly locally ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime addition state apparatus may pay lip service fighting organize crime time participating illegal economy.ddr practitioner ass state corruption country operating ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime additionally reintegration programme conceptualized close interaction related anticorruption transitional justice effort focused \u2018 institutional reform \u2019 ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime transitional justice initiative contribute institutional reform effort variety way ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime prosecution leader war crime violation international human right humanitarian law criminalize kind behaviour demonstrate one law may act deterrent contribute prevention future abuse ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime truth commission truthseeking endeavour provide critical analysis root conflict identifying individual institution responsible abuse ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime truth commission also provide critical information pattern violence violation institutional reform target prioritize effort particular areas.a successful prosecutorial strategy transitional justice context requires clear transparent publicized criminal policy indicating kind case prosecuted kind case dealt alternative manner ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime importantly prosecution foster trust reintegration process enhance prospect trust building former member armed force group citizen providing community assurance asked admit back midst include perpetrator serious crime international law.moreover theoretically fall state implement criminal justice measure reality state apparatus may weak administer justice fairly ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime order build confidence ensure legitimacy ddr process must establish transparent mechanism independent monitoring oversight evaluation financing mechanism avoid inadvertently contributing criminal activity undermining overall objective sustainable peace ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime transitional justice human right component incorporated ddr process outset ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"10. DDR, transitional justice and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"In an organized crime\u2013conflict context, States may decide to adjust the range of criminal acts that preclude members of armed forces and groups from participation in DDR programmes, DDR- related tools and reintegration support. For example, human trafficking encompasses a wide range of forms, from the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups, to forced labour and sexual exploitation. In certain instances, engagement in these crimes may rise to the level of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and\/or gross violations of human rights. Therefore, if DDR participants are found to have committed these crimes, they shall immediately be removed from participation.Similarly, the degree of engagement in criminal activities is not the only consideration, and States may also consider who commits specific acts. For example, should a foot soldier who is involved in the sexual exploitation of individuals from specific groups in their controlled territory or who marries a child bride be held accountable to the same degree as a commander who issues orders that the foot soldier do so? Just as international humanitarian law declares that compliance with a superior order does not constitute a defence, but a mitigating factor, DDR practitioners may also advise States as to whether different approaches are needed for different ranks.DDR practitioners inevitably operate within a State-based framework and must therefore abide by the determinations set by the State, identified as the legitimate authority. Both in and out of conflict settings, it is the State that has prosecutorial discretion and identifies which crimes are \u2018serious\u2019 as defined under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In the absence of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or serious human rights violations, it falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures to tackle individuals\u2019 and groups\u2019 engagement in organized criminal activities.However, issues arise when the State itself is a party to the conflict and either weaponizes organized crime in order to prosecute members of adversarial groups or engages in criminal activities itself. Although illicit economies are a major source of financing for armed groups, in many cases they could not be in place without the assistance of the State. Corruption is an important issue that needs to be addressed as much as organized crime. Political actors may be involved with criminal economies at various levels, particularly locally. In addition, the State apparatus may pay lip service to fighting organize crime while at the same time participating in the illegal economy.DDR practitioners should assess the state of corruption in the country in which they are operating. Additionally, reintegration programmes should be conceptualized in close interaction with related anti-corruption and transitional justice efforts focused on \u2018institutional reform\u2019. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law criminalize this kind of behaviour, demonstrate that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and contribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking endeavours can provide critical analysis of the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical information about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions can foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between former members of armed forces and groups and other citizens by providing communities with some assurance that those they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.Moreover, while it theoretically falls on the State to implement criminal justice measures, in reality, the State apparatus may be too weak to administer justice fairly, if at all. In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, DDR processes must establish transparent mechanisms for independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation, and their financing mechanisms, so as to avoid inadvertently contributing to criminal activities and undermining the overall objective of sustainable peace. Transitional justice and human rights components should be incorporated into DDR processes from the outset. For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1403, "Sentence":"For further information, see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice and IDDRS 2.11 on the Legal Framework for UN DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information see iddrs 6.20 ddr transitional justice iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"11. DDR, security sector reform and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"As State actors can be implicated in organized criminal activities in conflict and post-conflict settings, including past and ongoing violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, there may be a need to reform security sector institutions. As IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform states, SSR aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law\u201d. DDR processes that fail to coordinate with SSR can lead to further violations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers or those engaged in other criminal activities into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions.Mistrust between the State, security providers and citizens is a potential contributing factor to the outbreak of a conflict, and one that has the potential to undermine sustainable peace, particularly if the State itself is corrupt or directly engages in criminal activities. Another factor is the integration of ex-combatants who may still have criminal ties into the reformed security sector. To avoid further propagation of criminality, vetting should be conducted prior to integration, with a special focus on any evidence relating to continued links with actors known to engage in criminal activities. Finally, Government security forces, both civilian and military, may themselves be part of rightsizing exercises. The demobilization of excess forces may be particularly difficult if these individuals have been actively involved in facilitating or gatekeeping the illicit economy, and DDR practitioners should take these dynamics into account in the design of reintegration support (see sections 7.3 and 9).SSR that encourages participatory processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society can meet the common goal of DDR and SSR of building trust in post-conflict security governance institutions. Additionally, oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appropriate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner. For further information, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1404, "Sentence":"As State actors can be implicated in organized criminal activities in conflict and post-conflict settings, including past and ongoing violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, there may be a need to reform security sector institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime state actor implicated organized criminal activity conflict postconflict setting including past ongoing violation human right international humanitarian law may need reform security sector institution ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"11. DDR, security sector reform and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"As State actors can be implicated in organized criminal activities in conflict and post-conflict settings, including past and ongoing violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, there may be a need to reform security sector institutions. As IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform states, SSR aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law\u201d. DDR processes that fail to coordinate with SSR can lead to further violations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers or those engaged in other criminal activities into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions.Mistrust between the State, security providers and citizens is a potential contributing factor to the outbreak of a conflict, and one that has the potential to undermine sustainable peace, particularly if the State itself is corrupt or directly engages in criminal activities. Another factor is the integration of ex-combatants who may still have criminal ties into the reformed security sector. To avoid further propagation of criminality, vetting should be conducted prior to integration, with a special focus on any evidence relating to continued links with actors known to engage in criminal activities. Finally, Government security forces, both civilian and military, may themselves be part of rightsizing exercises. The demobilization of excess forces may be particularly difficult if these individuals have been actively involved in facilitating or gatekeeping the illicit economy, and DDR practitioners should take these dynamics into account in the design of reintegration support (see sections 7.3 and 9).SSR that encourages participatory processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society can meet the common goal of DDR and SSR of building trust in post-conflict security governance institutions. Additionally, oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appropriate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner. For further information, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1404, "Sentence":"As IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform states, SSR aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime iddrs 6.10 ddr security sector reform state ssr aim enhance \u201c effective accountable security state people without discrimination full respect human right rule law \u201d ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"11. DDR, security sector reform and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"As State actors can be implicated in organized criminal activities in conflict and post-conflict settings, including past and ongoing violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, there may be a need to reform security sector institutions. As IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform states, SSR aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law\u201d. DDR processes that fail to coordinate with SSR can lead to further violations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers or those engaged in other criminal activities into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions.Mistrust between the State, security providers and citizens is a potential contributing factor to the outbreak of a conflict, and one that has the potential to undermine sustainable peace, particularly if the State itself is corrupt or directly engages in criminal activities. Another factor is the integration of ex-combatants who may still have criminal ties into the reformed security sector. To avoid further propagation of criminality, vetting should be conducted prior to integration, with a special focus on any evidence relating to continued links with actors known to engage in criminal activities. Finally, Government security forces, both civilian and military, may themselves be part of rightsizing exercises. The demobilization of excess forces may be particularly difficult if these individuals have been actively involved in facilitating or gatekeeping the illicit economy, and DDR practitioners should take these dynamics into account in the design of reintegration support (see sections 7.3 and 9).SSR that encourages participatory processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society can meet the common goal of DDR and SSR of building trust in post-conflict security governance institutions. Additionally, oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appropriate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner. For further information, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1404, "Sentence":"DDR processes that fail to coordinate with SSR can lead to further violations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers or those engaged in other criminal activities into the legitimate security sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ddr process fail coordinate ssr lead violation reappointment human right abuser engaged criminal activity legitimate security sector ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"11. DDR, security sector reform and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"As State actors can be implicated in organized criminal activities in conflict and post-conflict settings, including past and ongoing violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, there may be a need to reform security sector institutions. As IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform states, SSR aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law\u201d. DDR processes that fail to coordinate with SSR can lead to further violations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers or those engaged in other criminal activities into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions.Mistrust between the State, security providers and citizens is a potential contributing factor to the outbreak of a conflict, and one that has the potential to undermine sustainable peace, particularly if the State itself is corrupt or directly engages in criminal activities. Another factor is the integration of ex-combatants who may still have criminal ties into the reformed security sector. To avoid further propagation of criminality, vetting should be conducted prior to integration, with a special focus on any evidence relating to continued links with actors known to engage in criminal activities. Finally, Government security forces, both civilian and military, may themselves be part of rightsizing exercises. The demobilization of excess forces may be particularly difficult if these individuals have been actively involved in facilitating or gatekeeping the illicit economy, and DDR practitioners should take these dynamics into account in the design of reintegration support (see sections 7.3 and 9).SSR that encourages participatory processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society can meet the common goal of DDR and SSR of building trust in post-conflict security governance institutions. Additionally, oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appropriate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner. For further information, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1404, "Sentence":"Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions.Mistrust between the State, security providers and citizens is a potential contributing factor to the outbreak of a conflict, and one that has the potential to undermine sustainable peace, particularly if the State itself is corrupt or directly engages in criminal activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime case undermine public faith security sector institutions.mistrust state security provider citizen potential contributing factor outbreak conflict one potential undermine sustainable peace particularly state corrupt directly engages criminal activity ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"11. DDR, security sector reform and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"As State actors can be implicated in organized criminal activities in conflict and post-conflict settings, including past and ongoing violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, there may be a need to reform security sector institutions. As IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform states, SSR aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law\u201d. DDR processes that fail to coordinate with SSR can lead to further violations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers or those engaged in other criminal activities into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions.Mistrust between the State, security providers and citizens is a potential contributing factor to the outbreak of a conflict, and one that has the potential to undermine sustainable peace, particularly if the State itself is corrupt or directly engages in criminal activities. Another factor is the integration of ex-combatants who may still have criminal ties into the reformed security sector. To avoid further propagation of criminality, vetting should be conducted prior to integration, with a special focus on any evidence relating to continued links with actors known to engage in criminal activities. Finally, Government security forces, both civilian and military, may themselves be part of rightsizing exercises. The demobilization of excess forces may be particularly difficult if these individuals have been actively involved in facilitating or gatekeeping the illicit economy, and DDR practitioners should take these dynamics into account in the design of reintegration support (see sections 7.3 and 9).SSR that encourages participatory processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society can meet the common goal of DDR and SSR of building trust in post-conflict security governance institutions. Additionally, oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appropriate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner. For further information, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1404, "Sentence":"Another factor is the integration of ex-combatants who may still have criminal ties into the reformed security sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime another factor integration excombatants may still criminal tie reformed security sector ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"11. DDR, security sector reform and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"As State actors can be implicated in organized criminal activities in conflict and post-conflict settings, including past and ongoing violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, there may be a need to reform security sector institutions. As IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform states, SSR aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law\u201d. DDR processes that fail to coordinate with SSR can lead to further violations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers or those engaged in other criminal activities into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions.Mistrust between the State, security providers and citizens is a potential contributing factor to the outbreak of a conflict, and one that has the potential to undermine sustainable peace, particularly if the State itself is corrupt or directly engages in criminal activities. Another factor is the integration of ex-combatants who may still have criminal ties into the reformed security sector. To avoid further propagation of criminality, vetting should be conducted prior to integration, with a special focus on any evidence relating to continued links with actors known to engage in criminal activities. Finally, Government security forces, both civilian and military, may themselves be part of rightsizing exercises. The demobilization of excess forces may be particularly difficult if these individuals have been actively involved in facilitating or gatekeeping the illicit economy, and DDR practitioners should take these dynamics into account in the design of reintegration support (see sections 7.3 and 9).SSR that encourages participatory processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society can meet the common goal of DDR and SSR of building trust in post-conflict security governance institutions. Additionally, oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appropriate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner. For further information, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1404, "Sentence":"To avoid further propagation of criminality, vetting should be conducted prior to integration, with a special focus on any evidence relating to continued links with actors known to engage in criminal activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime avoid propagation criminality vetting conducted prior integration special focus evidence relating continued link actor known engage criminal activity ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"11. DDR, security sector reform and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"As State actors can be implicated in organized criminal activities in conflict and post-conflict settings, including past and ongoing violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, there may be a need to reform security sector institutions. As IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform states, SSR aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law\u201d. DDR processes that fail to coordinate with SSR can lead to further violations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers or those engaged in other criminal activities into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions.Mistrust between the State, security providers and citizens is a potential contributing factor to the outbreak of a conflict, and one that has the potential to undermine sustainable peace, particularly if the State itself is corrupt or directly engages in criminal activities. Another factor is the integration of ex-combatants who may still have criminal ties into the reformed security sector. To avoid further propagation of criminality, vetting should be conducted prior to integration, with a special focus on any evidence relating to continued links with actors known to engage in criminal activities. Finally, Government security forces, both civilian and military, may themselves be part of rightsizing exercises. The demobilization of excess forces may be particularly difficult if these individuals have been actively involved in facilitating or gatekeeping the illicit economy, and DDR practitioners should take these dynamics into account in the design of reintegration support (see sections 7.3 and 9).SSR that encourages participatory processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society can meet the common goal of DDR and SSR of building trust in post-conflict security governance institutions. Additionally, oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appropriate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner. For further information, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1404, "Sentence":"Finally, Government security forces, both civilian and military, may themselves be part of rightsizing exercises.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime finally government security force civilian military may part rightsizing exercise ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"11. DDR, security sector reform and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"As State actors can be implicated in organized criminal activities in conflict and post-conflict settings, including past and ongoing violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, there may be a need to reform security sector institutions. As IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform states, SSR aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law\u201d. DDR processes that fail to coordinate with SSR can lead to further violations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers or those engaged in other criminal activities into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions.Mistrust between the State, security providers and citizens is a potential contributing factor to the outbreak of a conflict, and one that has the potential to undermine sustainable peace, particularly if the State itself is corrupt or directly engages in criminal activities. Another factor is the integration of ex-combatants who may still have criminal ties into the reformed security sector. To avoid further propagation of criminality, vetting should be conducted prior to integration, with a special focus on any evidence relating to continued links with actors known to engage in criminal activities. Finally, Government security forces, both civilian and military, may themselves be part of rightsizing exercises. The demobilization of excess forces may be particularly difficult if these individuals have been actively involved in facilitating or gatekeeping the illicit economy, and DDR practitioners should take these dynamics into account in the design of reintegration support (see sections 7.3 and 9).SSR that encourages participatory processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society can meet the common goal of DDR and SSR of building trust in post-conflict security governance institutions. Additionally, oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appropriate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner. For further information, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1404, "Sentence":"The demobilization of excess forces may be particularly difficult if these individuals have been actively involved in facilitating or gatekeeping the illicit economy, and DDR practitioners should take these dynamics into account in the design of reintegration support (see sections 7.3 and 9).SSR that encourages participatory processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society can meet the common goal of DDR and SSR of building trust in post-conflict security governance institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime demobilization excess force may particularly difficult individual actively involved facilitating gatekeeping illicit economy ddr practitioner take dynamic account design reintegration support see section 7.3 9.ssr encourages participatory process enhance oversight role actor parliament civil society meet common goal ddr ssr building trust postconflict security governance institution ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"11. DDR, security sector reform and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"As State actors can be implicated in organized criminal activities in conflict and post-conflict settings, including past and ongoing violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, there may be a need to reform security sector institutions. As IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform states, SSR aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law\u201d. DDR processes that fail to coordinate with SSR can lead to further violations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers or those engaged in other criminal activities into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions.Mistrust between the State, security providers and citizens is a potential contributing factor to the outbreak of a conflict, and one that has the potential to undermine sustainable peace, particularly if the State itself is corrupt or directly engages in criminal activities. Another factor is the integration of ex-combatants who may still have criminal ties into the reformed security sector. To avoid further propagation of criminality, vetting should be conducted prior to integration, with a special focus on any evidence relating to continued links with actors known to engage in criminal activities. Finally, Government security forces, both civilian and military, may themselves be part of rightsizing exercises. The demobilization of excess forces may be particularly difficult if these individuals have been actively involved in facilitating or gatekeeping the illicit economy, and DDR practitioners should take these dynamics into account in the design of reintegration support (see sections 7.3 and 9).SSR that encourages participatory processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society can meet the common goal of DDR and SSR of building trust in post-conflict security governance institutions. Additionally, oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appropriate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner. For further information, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1404, "Sentence":"Additionally, oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appropriate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime additionally oversight mechanism provide necessary check balance ensure national decision ddr ssr appropriate cost effective made transparent manner ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"11. DDR, security sector reform and organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"As State actors can be implicated in organized criminal activities in conflict and post-conflict settings, including past and ongoing violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, there may be a need to reform security sector institutions. As IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform states, SSR aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law\u201d. DDR processes that fail to coordinate with SSR can lead to further violations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers or those engaged in other criminal activities into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions.Mistrust between the State, security providers and citizens is a potential contributing factor to the outbreak of a conflict, and one that has the potential to undermine sustainable peace, particularly if the State itself is corrupt or directly engages in criminal activities. Another factor is the integration of ex-combatants who may still have criminal ties into the reformed security sector. To avoid further propagation of criminality, vetting should be conducted prior to integration, with a special focus on any evidence relating to continued links with actors known to engage in criminal activities. Finally, Government security forces, both civilian and military, may themselves be part of rightsizing exercises. The demobilization of excess forces may be particularly difficult if these individuals have been actively involved in facilitating or gatekeeping the illicit economy, and DDR practitioners should take these dynamics into account in the design of reintegration support (see sections 7.3 and 9).SSR that encourages participatory processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society can meet the common goal of DDR and SSR of building trust in post-conflict security governance institutions. Additionally, oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appropriate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner. For further information, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1404, "Sentence":"For further information, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information see iddrs 6.10 ddr security sector reform ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime united nation convention transnational organized crime 2000 n untoc main international instrument fight transnational organized crime ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime state ratify instrument commit taking series measure transnational organized crime including creating domestic criminal offence participation organized criminal group money laundering corruption obstruction justice adopting new sweeping framework extradition mutual legal assistance law enforcement cooperation promoting training technical assistance building upgrading necessary capacity national authority ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime untoc defines term \u2018 organized criminal group \u2019 \u2018 serious crime \u2019 \u2018 structured group \u2019 per section 3 module.protocol prevent suppress punish trafficking person especially woman child supplementing united nation convention transnational organized crime 2000 n first global legally binding instrument agreed definition trafficking person ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime definition intended facilitate convergence national approach regard establishment domestic criminal offence would support efficient international cooperation investigating prosecuting trafficking person case ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime additional objective protocol protect assist victim trafficking full respect human right ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime protocol smuggling migrant land sea air supplementing united nation convention transnational organized crime 2000 n protocol deal growing problem organized criminal group smuggle migrant ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime mark first time definition smuggling migrant developed agreed upon global international instrument ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime protocol aim preventing combating smuggling migrant well promoting cooperation among state party protecting right smuggled migrant preventing worst form exploitation often characterize smuggling process ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime protocol illicit manufacturing trafficking firearm part component ammunition supplementing n united nation convention transnational organized crime 2001 objective protocol first legally binding instrument small arm adopted global level promote facilitate strengthen cooperation among state party order prevent combat eradicate illicit manufacturing trafficking firearm part component ammunition ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime ratifying protocol state make commitment adopt series crimecontrol measure implement domestic legal order three set normative provision first one relates establishment criminal offence related illegal manufacturing trafficking firearm basis protocol requirement definition second system government authorization licencing intended ensure legitimate manufacturing trafficking firearm third one marking tracing firearm ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime addition protocol number nonlegally binding instrument also apply illicit trade small arm light weapons.18single convention narcotic drug 1961 amended 1972 protocol n convention aim combat drug abuse coordinated international action ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"There are two forms of intervention and control that work together.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime two form intervention control work together ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime first convention seek limit possession use trade distribution import export manufacture production drug exclusively medical scientific purpose ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime second combat drug trafficking international cooperation deter discourage drug traffickers.convention psychotropic substance 1971 n convention establishes international control system psychotropic substance response diversification expansion spectrum drug abuse ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime convention introduces control number synthetic drug balancing abuse therapeutic value.united nation convention illicit traffic narcotic drug psychotropic substance 1988 n convention provides comprehensive measure drug trafficking including provision money laundering diversion precursor chemical ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime provides international cooperation example extradition drug trafficker controlled delivery transfer proceedings.united nation convention corruption 2003 n convention legally binding universal anticorruption instrument ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime cover five main area preventive measure criminalization law enforcement international cooperation asset recovery technical assistance information exchange ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime convention cover many different form corruption bribery trading influence abuse functions.security council resolution n united nation security council increasingly recognized role organized crime illicit market play sustaining fuelling contemporary conflict ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime since untoc adopted 2000 un security council passed hundred resolution organized crime specific country mission region ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime nn security council resolution 2220 2015 small arm n council emphasizes illicit trafficking small arm light weapon aid terrorism illegal armed group facilitate increasing level transnational organized crime underscore illicit trafficking could harm civilian including woman child create instability longterm governance challenge complicate conflict resolution ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime nn security council resolution 2331 2016 trafficking person conflict situation including linkage activity armed group terrorism sexual violence conflict n security council recognizes connection trafficking person sexual violence terrorism transnational organized criminal activity prolong exacerbate conflict instability intensify impact civilian population ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime council condemns act trafficking particularly sale trade person undertaken islamic state iraq levant isil also known da \u2019 esh recognizes importance collecting preserving evidence relating act ensure responsible held accountable ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime nn security council resolution 2388 2017 trafficking person armed conflict n resolution recognizes \u201c trafficking person area affected armed conflict post conflict situation purpose various form exploitation \u201d including sexual exploitation recruitment child soldier ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime resolution underline importance providing \u201c appropriate care assistance service physical psychological social recovery rehabilitation reintegration full respect human right \u201d ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime resolution also recognizes \u201c trafficking person entail violation abuse human right \u201d underscore \u201c certain act offence associated trafficking person context armed conflict may constitute war crime \u201d note state \u2019 responsibility \u201c prosecute responsible genocide crime humanity war crime well crime \u201d ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime resolution call \u201c training relevant personnel special political peacekeeping mission \u201d ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime nn security council resolution 2462 2019 financing terrorism illicit activity sanction list n resolution reaffirms security council \u2019 decision resolution 1373 2001 state shall prevent suppress financing terrorist act including organized criminal activity shall refrain providing support involved ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime furthermore resolution urge state participate actively implementing updating isil da \u2019 esh alqaida sanction list consider including submitting new listing request individual entity involved financing terrorism ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime nn security council resolution 2482 2019 threat international peace security caused international terrorism organized crime n resolution underline organized crime along terrorism violent extremism whether domestic transnational \u201c may exacerbate conflict affected region may contribute undermining affected state specifically security stability governance social economic development \u201d note organized criminal group \u201c case region complicate conflict prevention resolution effort \u201d ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime resolution also note impact illicit drug trade trafficking person arm trafficking link corruption furthering financing terrorism fuelling conflict ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime environmental crime n number general assembly security council document highlight intersection conflict criminality illicit exploitation natural resource ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime crime environment deforestation illegal logging fishing illicit wildlife trade fragmented legal framework ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Annex B: International legal framework for organized crime", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The UNTOC is the main international instrument in the fight against transnational organized crime. States that ratify this instrument commit themselves to taking a series of measures against transnational organized crime, including creating domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice); adopting new and sweeping frameworks for extradition, mutual legal assistance and law enforcement cooperation; and promoting training and technical assistance for building or upgrading the necessary capacity of national authorities. The UNTOC defines the terms \u2018organized criminal group\u2019, \u2018serious crime\u2019, and \u2018structured group\u2019 (as per section 3 of this module).Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n This is the first global legally binding instrument with an agreed definition on trafficking in persons. This definition is intended to facilitate convergence in national approaches with regard to the establishment of domestic criminal offences that would support efficient international cooperation in investigating and prosecuting trafficking in persons cases. An additional objective of the Protocol is to protect and assist the victims of trafficking with full respect for their human rights. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000) \\n The Protocol deals with the growing problem of organized criminal groups who smuggle migrants. It marks the first time that a definition of smuggling of migrants was developed and agreed upon in a global international instrument. The Protocol aims at preventing and combating the smuggling of migrants, as well as promoting cooperation among States parties, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants and preventing the worst forms of their exploitation, which often characterize the smuggling process. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the \\n United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2001) The objective of the Protocol, the first legally binding instrument on small arms adopted at the global level, is to promote, facilitate and strengthen cooperation among States parties in order to prevent, combat and eradicate the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. By ratifying the Protocol, States make a commitment to adopt a series of crime-control measures and implement in their domestic legal order three sets of normative provisions: the first one relates to the establishment of criminal offences related to illegal manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms on the basis of the Protocol requirements and definitions; the second to a system of Government authorizations or licencing intended to ensure legitimate manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms; and the third one to the marking and tracing of firearms. In addition to the Protocol, a number of non-legally binding instruments also apply to the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons.18Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol \\n This Convention aims to combat drug abuse by coordinated international action. There are two forms of intervention and control that work together. First, the Convention seeks to limit the possession, use, trade, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical and scientific purposes. Second, it combats drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers.Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 \\n The Convention establishes an international control system for psychotropic substances in response to the diversification and expansion of the spectrum of drugs of abuse. The Convention introduces controls over a number of synthetic drugs, balancing their abuse against their therapeutic value.United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 \\n This Convention provides comprehensive measures against drug trafficking, including provisions against money laundering and the diversion of precursor chemicals. It provides for international cooperation through, for example, extradition of drug traffickers, controlled deliveries and transfer of proceedings.United Nations Convention against Corruption (2003) \\n This Convention is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It covers five main areas: preventive measures, criminalization and law enforcement, international cooperation, asset recovery, and technical assistance and information exchange. The Convention covers many different forms of corruption, such as bribery, trading in influence and abuse of functions.Security Council Resolutions \\n The United Nations Security Council has increasingly recognized the role that organized crime and illicit markets play in sustaining and fuelling contemporary conflicts. Since the UNTOC was adopted in 2000, the UN Security Council has passed hundreds of resolutions on organized crime in specific countries, missions or regions. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2220 (2015) on small arms \\n The Council emphasizes that the illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons can aid terrorism and illegal armed groups and facilitate increasing levels of transnational organized crime, and underscores that such illicit trafficking could harm civilians, including women and children, create instability and long-term governance challenges, and complicate conflict resolution. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2331 (2016) on trafficking in persons in conflict situations, including linkages with the activities of armed groups, terrorism and sexual violence in conflict \\n The Security Council recognizes the connection between trafficking in persons, sexual violence, terrorism and other transnational organized criminal activities that can prolong and exacerbate conflict and instability or intensify its impact on civilian populations. The Council condemns all acts of trafficking, particularly the sale or trade in persons undertaken by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da\u2019esh), and recognizes the importance of collecting and preserving evidence relating to such acts to ensure that those responsible can be held accountable. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2388 (2017) on trafficking in persons in armed conflict \\n This resolution recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons in areas affected by armed conflict and post- conflict situations can be for the purpose of various forms of exploitation\u201d, including sexual exploitation and the recruitment of child soldiers. The resolution underlines the importance of providing \u201cappropriate care, assistance and services for their physical, psychological and social recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration, in full respect of their human rights\u201d. The resolution also recognizes \u201cthat trafficking in persons entails the violation or abuse of human rights\u201d and underscores \u201cthat certain acts or offences associated with trafficking in persons in the context of armed conflict may constitute war crimes\u201d, and it notes States\u2019 responsibility to \u201cprosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes as well as other crimes\u201d. The resolution calls for the \u201ctraining of relevant personnel of special political and peacekeeping missions\u201d. \\n\\n Security Council resolution 2462 (2019) on the financing of terrorism through illicit activities and sanctions lists \\n This resolution reaffirms the Security Council\u2019s decision in its resolution 1373 (2001) that all States shall prevent and suppress the financing of terrorist acts, including through organized criminal activity, and shall refrain from providing support to those involved in them. Furthermore, the resolution urges all States to participate actively in implementing and updating the ISIL (Da\u2019esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions List and to consider including, when submitting new listing requests, individuals and entities involved in the financing of terrorism. \\n\\n Security Council Resolution 2482 (2019) on threats to international peace and security caused by international terrorism and organized crime \\n This resolution underlines that organized crime, along with terrorism and violent extremism, whether domestic or transnational, \u201cmay exacerbate conflicts in affected regions, and may contribute to undermining affected States, specifically their security, stability, governance, social and economic development\u201d and notes that organized criminal groups \u201ccan, in some cases and in some regions, complicate conflict prevention and resolution efforts\u201d. The resolution also notes the impact of the illicit drug trade, trafficking in persons and arms trafficking, and their links to corruption in furthering the financing of terrorism and fuelling conflict. Environmental Crime \\n A number of General Assembly and Security Council documents highlight the intersection between conflict, criminality and the illicit exploitation of natural resources. Crimes against the environment, such as deforestation, illegal logging, fishing and the illicit wildlife trade have a more fragmented legal framework. For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1405, "Sentence":"For more information on specific natural resources policy frameworks and legal instruments, refer to IDDRS 6.30 on DDR and Natural Resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information specific natural resource policy framework legal instrument refer iddrs 6.30 ddr natural resource ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime 1 united nation convention transnational crime article 2a ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"\\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n 2 united nation convention transnational crime article 2b ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"\\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n 3 united nation convention transnational crime article 2 c ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"\\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n 4 christina steenkamp \u201c crimeconflict nexus civil war syria \u201d stability vol ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"6, no.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime 6 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"1 (2017).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime 1 2017 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"\\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n 5 marina caparini \u201c un police challenge organized crime \u201d discussion paper sipri april 2019 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"\\n 6 Ibid.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n 6 ibid ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"\\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n 7 steenkamp \u201c crimeconflict nexus \u201d ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"\\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n 8 see instance unsc resolution 2482 2019 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"\\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n 9 philip gounev tihomir bezlov examining link organized crime corruption centre study democracy 2010 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"\\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n 10 mark shaw tuesday reitano \u201c global illicit flow local conflict dynamic case preemptive analysis experimental policy option \u201d crimeconflict nexus series ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"2 (United Nations University, 2017).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime 2 united nation university 2017 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"\\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n 11 caparini \u201c un police \u201d ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"\\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n 12 heiko nitzschke \u201c transforming war economy challenge peacemaking peacebuilding \u201d new york international peace academy december 2003 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"\\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n 13 virginia comolli ed . organized crime illicit trade respond strategic challenge old new domain cham switzerland springer international 2018 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"\\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n 14 united nation office drug crime \u201c global report trafficking person 2018 booklet 2 trafficking person context armed conflict \u201d new york 2018 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"\\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n 15 international alert \u201c organised crime mali matter peaceful transition conflict \u201d policy brief 2016 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"\\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n 16 matt herbert \u201c el salvador \u2019 gang truce durable model \u201d global initiative transnational organized crime july 2013 charles m. katz e. c. hedberg luis enrique amaya \u201c gang truce violence prevention el salvador \u201d bulletin world health organization june 2016 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"\\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n 17 united nation environmental programme unep \u201c rise environmental crime \u2013 growing threat natural resource peace development security \u201d unepinterpol rapid response assessment 2016 unep united nation development programme \u201c role natural resource disarmament demobilization reintegration addressing risk seizing opportunity \u201d 2013 ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"\\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime n 18 programme action illicit trade small arm light weapon legally binding instrument universal political framework measure tackle illicit trade including context organized crime ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.40-DDR-and-Organized-Crime", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Organized Crime", "PageNum":32, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(a). \\n 2 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2(b). \\n 3 United Nations Convention on Transnational Crime, Article 2 (c). \\n 4 Christina Steenkamp, \u201cThe Crime-Conflict Nexus and the Civil War in Syria\u201d, Stability, vol. 6, no. 1 (2017). \\n 5 Marina Caparini, \u201cUN Police and the Challenges of Organized Crime\u201d, Discussion Paper (SIPRI, April 2019). \\n 6 Ibid. \\n 7 Steenkamp, \u201cCrime-Conflict Nexus\u201d. \\n 8 See, for instance, UNSC resolution 2482 (2019). \\n 9 Philip Gounev and Tihomir Bezlov, Examining the Links between Organized Crime and Corruption (Centre for the Study of Democracy, 2010). \\n 10 Mark Shaw and Tuesday Reitano, \u201cGlobal Illicit Flows and Local Conflict Dynamics: The Case for Pre-Emptive Analysis and Experimental Policy Options\u201d, Crime-Conflict Nexus Series No. 2 (United Nations University, 2017). \\n 11 Caparini, \u201cUN Police\u201d. \\n 12 Heiko Nitzschke, \u201cTransforming War Economies: Challenges for Peacemaking and Peacebuilding\u201d (New York, International Peace Academy, December 2003). \\n 13 Virginia Comolli, ed., Organized Crime and Illicit Trade: How to Respond to This Strategic Challenge in Old and New Domains (Cham, Switzerland, Springer International, 2018). \\n 14 United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, \u201cGlobal Report on Trafficking in Persons 2018, Booklet 2: Trafficking in Persons in the Context of Armed Conflict\u201d (New York, 2018). \\n 15 International Alert, \u201cOrganised Crime in Mali: Why It Matters for a Peaceful Transition from Conflict\u201d, Policy Brief (2016). \\n 16 Matt Herbert, \u201cEl Salvador\u2019s Gang Truce: A Durable Model?\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, July 2013); Charles M. Katz, E. C. Hedberg and Luis Enrique Amaya, \u201cGang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador\u201d, Bulletin of the World Health Organization (June 2016). \\n 17 United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), \u201cThe Rise of Environmental Crime \u2013 A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security\u201d, a UNEP-INTERPOL Rapid Response Assessment (2016); UNEP and United Nations Development Programme, \u201cThe Role of Natural Resources in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Addressing Risks and Seizing Opportunities\u201d, (2013). \\n 18 While the Programme of Action on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is not a legally binding instrument, it is the only universal political framework on measures to tackle illicit trade, including in the context of organized crime. For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1406, "Sentence":"For more information about the Programme of Action, as well as the related International Tracing Instrument, see https:\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programme-of-action\/.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Organized Crime information programme action well related international tracing instrument see https\/\/www.un.org\/disarmament\/convarms\/salw\/programmeofaction\/ ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The relationship between natural resources and armed conflict is well known and documented, evidenced by numerous examples from all over the world.1 Natural resources may be implicated all along the peace continuum, from contributing to grievances, to financing armed groups, to supporting livelihoods and recovery via the sound management of natural resources. Furthermore, the economies of countries suffering from armed conflict are often marked by unsustainable or illicit trade in natural resources, thereby tying conflict areas to the rest of the world through global supply chains. For DDR processes to be effective, practitioners should consider both the risks and opportunities that natural resource management may pose to their efforts.As part of the war economy, natural resources may be exploited and traded directly by, or through local communities under the auspices of, armed groups, organized criminal groups or members of the security sector, and eventually be placed on national and international markets through trade with multinational companies. This not only reinforces the actors directly implicated in the conflict, but it also undermines the good governance of natural resources needed to support development and sustainable peace. Once conflict is underway, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and to reinforce the war economy, linking armed groups and even the security sector to international markets and organized criminal groups.These dynamics are challenging to address through DDR processes, but are necessary to contend with if sustainable peace is to be achieved. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement around natural resource management, they can also simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of armed conflict on the environment and host communities. Issues of land rights, equal access to natural resources for livelihoods, equitable distribution of their benefits, and sociocultural disparities may all underpin the drivers of conflict that motivate individuals and groups to take up arms. It is critical that DDR practitioners take these linkages into account to avoid exacerbating existing grievances or creating new conflicts, as well as to effectively use natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.This module aims to contribute to DDR processes that are grounded in a clear understanding of how natural resource management can contribute to sustainable peace and reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of conflict. It considers how DDR practitioners can integrate youth, women, persons with disabilities and other key specific needs groups when addressing natural resource management in reintegration. It also includes guidance on relevant natural resource management related issues like public health, disaster-risk reduction, resiliency and climate change. With enhanced interagency cooperation, coordination and dialogue among relevant stakeholders working in DDR, natural resource management and governance sectors - especially national actors - these linkages can be addressed in a more conscious and deliberate manner for sustainable peace.Lastly, this module recognizes that the degree to which natural resources are incorporated into DDR processes will vary based on the political economy of a given context, size, resource availability, partners and capacity. While some contexts may have different agencies or stakeholders with expertise in natural resource management to inform context analyses, assessment processes and subsequent programme design and implementation, DDR processes may also need to rely primarily on external experts and partners. However, limited natural resource management capacities within a DDR process should not discourage practitioners from capitalizing on the opportunities or guidance available, or to seek collaboration and possible programme synergies with other partners that can offer natural resource management expertise. For example, in settings where the UN has no mission presence, such capacity and expertise may also be found within the UN country team, civil society, and\/or academia.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1407, "Sentence":"The relationship between natural resources and armed conflict is well known and documented, evidenced by numerous examples from all over the world.1 Natural resources may be implicated all along the peace continuum, from contributing to grievances, to financing armed groups, to supporting livelihoods and recovery via the sound management of natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources relationship natural resource armed conflict well known documented evidenced numerous example world.1 natural resource may implicated along peace continuum contributing grievance financing armed group supporting livelihood recovery via sound management natural resource ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The relationship between natural resources and armed conflict is well known and documented, evidenced by numerous examples from all over the world.1 Natural resources may be implicated all along the peace continuum, from contributing to grievances, to financing armed groups, to supporting livelihoods and recovery via the sound management of natural resources. Furthermore, the economies of countries suffering from armed conflict are often marked by unsustainable or illicit trade in natural resources, thereby tying conflict areas to the rest of the world through global supply chains. For DDR processes to be effective, practitioners should consider both the risks and opportunities that natural resource management may pose to their efforts.As part of the war economy, natural resources may be exploited and traded directly by, or through local communities under the auspices of, armed groups, organized criminal groups or members of the security sector, and eventually be placed on national and international markets through trade with multinational companies. This not only reinforces the actors directly implicated in the conflict, but it also undermines the good governance of natural resources needed to support development and sustainable peace. Once conflict is underway, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and to reinforce the war economy, linking armed groups and even the security sector to international markets and organized criminal groups.These dynamics are challenging to address through DDR processes, but are necessary to contend with if sustainable peace is to be achieved. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement around natural resource management, they can also simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of armed conflict on the environment and host communities. Issues of land rights, equal access to natural resources for livelihoods, equitable distribution of their benefits, and sociocultural disparities may all underpin the drivers of conflict that motivate individuals and groups to take up arms. It is critical that DDR practitioners take these linkages into account to avoid exacerbating existing grievances or creating new conflicts, as well as to effectively use natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.This module aims to contribute to DDR processes that are grounded in a clear understanding of how natural resource management can contribute to sustainable peace and reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of conflict. It considers how DDR practitioners can integrate youth, women, persons with disabilities and other key specific needs groups when addressing natural resource management in reintegration. It also includes guidance on relevant natural resource management related issues like public health, disaster-risk reduction, resiliency and climate change. With enhanced interagency cooperation, coordination and dialogue among relevant stakeholders working in DDR, natural resource management and governance sectors - especially national actors - these linkages can be addressed in a more conscious and deliberate manner for sustainable peace.Lastly, this module recognizes that the degree to which natural resources are incorporated into DDR processes will vary based on the political economy of a given context, size, resource availability, partners and capacity. While some contexts may have different agencies or stakeholders with expertise in natural resource management to inform context analyses, assessment processes and subsequent programme design and implementation, DDR processes may also need to rely primarily on external experts and partners. However, limited natural resource management capacities within a DDR process should not discourage practitioners from capitalizing on the opportunities or guidance available, or to seek collaboration and possible programme synergies with other partners that can offer natural resource management expertise. For example, in settings where the UN has no mission presence, such capacity and expertise may also be found within the UN country team, civil society, and\/or academia.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1407, "Sentence":"Furthermore, the economies of countries suffering from armed conflict are often marked by unsustainable or illicit trade in natural resources, thereby tying conflict areas to the rest of the world through global supply chains.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources furthermore economy country suffering armed conflict often marked unsustainable illicit trade natural resource thereby tying conflict area rest world global supply chain ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The relationship between natural resources and armed conflict is well known and documented, evidenced by numerous examples from all over the world.1 Natural resources may be implicated all along the peace continuum, from contributing to grievances, to financing armed groups, to supporting livelihoods and recovery via the sound management of natural resources. Furthermore, the economies of countries suffering from armed conflict are often marked by unsustainable or illicit trade in natural resources, thereby tying conflict areas to the rest of the world through global supply chains. For DDR processes to be effective, practitioners should consider both the risks and opportunities that natural resource management may pose to their efforts.As part of the war economy, natural resources may be exploited and traded directly by, or through local communities under the auspices of, armed groups, organized criminal groups or members of the security sector, and eventually be placed on national and international markets through trade with multinational companies. This not only reinforces the actors directly implicated in the conflict, but it also undermines the good governance of natural resources needed to support development and sustainable peace. Once conflict is underway, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and to reinforce the war economy, linking armed groups and even the security sector to international markets and organized criminal groups.These dynamics are challenging to address through DDR processes, but are necessary to contend with if sustainable peace is to be achieved. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement around natural resource management, they can also simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of armed conflict on the environment and host communities. Issues of land rights, equal access to natural resources for livelihoods, equitable distribution of their benefits, and sociocultural disparities may all underpin the drivers of conflict that motivate individuals and groups to take up arms. It is critical that DDR practitioners take these linkages into account to avoid exacerbating existing grievances or creating new conflicts, as well as to effectively use natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.This module aims to contribute to DDR processes that are grounded in a clear understanding of how natural resource management can contribute to sustainable peace and reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of conflict. It considers how DDR practitioners can integrate youth, women, persons with disabilities and other key specific needs groups when addressing natural resource management in reintegration. It also includes guidance on relevant natural resource management related issues like public health, disaster-risk reduction, resiliency and climate change. With enhanced interagency cooperation, coordination and dialogue among relevant stakeholders working in DDR, natural resource management and governance sectors - especially national actors - these linkages can be addressed in a more conscious and deliberate manner for sustainable peace.Lastly, this module recognizes that the degree to which natural resources are incorporated into DDR processes will vary based on the political economy of a given context, size, resource availability, partners and capacity. While some contexts may have different agencies or stakeholders with expertise in natural resource management to inform context analyses, assessment processes and subsequent programme design and implementation, DDR processes may also need to rely primarily on external experts and partners. However, limited natural resource management capacities within a DDR process should not discourage practitioners from capitalizing on the opportunities or guidance available, or to seek collaboration and possible programme synergies with other partners that can offer natural resource management expertise. For example, in settings where the UN has no mission presence, such capacity and expertise may also be found within the UN country team, civil society, and\/or academia.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1407, "Sentence":"For DDR processes to be effective, practitioners should consider both the risks and opportunities that natural resource management may pose to their efforts.As part of the war economy, natural resources may be exploited and traded directly by, or through local communities under the auspices of, armed groups, organized criminal groups or members of the security sector, and eventually be placed on national and international markets through trade with multinational companies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr process effective practitioner consider risk opportunity natural resource management may pose efforts.as part war economy natural resource may exploited traded directly local community auspex armed group organized criminal group member security sector eventually placed national international market trade multinational company ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The relationship between natural resources and armed conflict is well known and documented, evidenced by numerous examples from all over the world.1 Natural resources may be implicated all along the peace continuum, from contributing to grievances, to financing armed groups, to supporting livelihoods and recovery via the sound management of natural resources. Furthermore, the economies of countries suffering from armed conflict are often marked by unsustainable or illicit trade in natural resources, thereby tying conflict areas to the rest of the world through global supply chains. For DDR processes to be effective, practitioners should consider both the risks and opportunities that natural resource management may pose to their efforts.As part of the war economy, natural resources may be exploited and traded directly by, or through local communities under the auspices of, armed groups, organized criminal groups or members of the security sector, and eventually be placed on national and international markets through trade with multinational companies. This not only reinforces the actors directly implicated in the conflict, but it also undermines the good governance of natural resources needed to support development and sustainable peace. Once conflict is underway, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and to reinforce the war economy, linking armed groups and even the security sector to international markets and organized criminal groups.These dynamics are challenging to address through DDR processes, but are necessary to contend with if sustainable peace is to be achieved. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement around natural resource management, they can also simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of armed conflict on the environment and host communities. Issues of land rights, equal access to natural resources for livelihoods, equitable distribution of their benefits, and sociocultural disparities may all underpin the drivers of conflict that motivate individuals and groups to take up arms. It is critical that DDR practitioners take these linkages into account to avoid exacerbating existing grievances or creating new conflicts, as well as to effectively use natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.This module aims to contribute to DDR processes that are grounded in a clear understanding of how natural resource management can contribute to sustainable peace and reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of conflict. It considers how DDR practitioners can integrate youth, women, persons with disabilities and other key specific needs groups when addressing natural resource management in reintegration. It also includes guidance on relevant natural resource management related issues like public health, disaster-risk reduction, resiliency and climate change. With enhanced interagency cooperation, coordination and dialogue among relevant stakeholders working in DDR, natural resource management and governance sectors - especially national actors - these linkages can be addressed in a more conscious and deliberate manner for sustainable peace.Lastly, this module recognizes that the degree to which natural resources are incorporated into DDR processes will vary based on the political economy of a given context, size, resource availability, partners and capacity. While some contexts may have different agencies or stakeholders with expertise in natural resource management to inform context analyses, assessment processes and subsequent programme design and implementation, DDR processes may also need to rely primarily on external experts and partners. However, limited natural resource management capacities within a DDR process should not discourage practitioners from capitalizing on the opportunities or guidance available, or to seek collaboration and possible programme synergies with other partners that can offer natural resource management expertise. For example, in settings where the UN has no mission presence, such capacity and expertise may also be found within the UN country team, civil society, and\/or academia.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1407, "Sentence":"This not only reinforces the actors directly implicated in the conflict, but it also undermines the good governance of natural resources needed to support development and sustainable peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources reinforces actor directly implicated conflict also undermines good governance natural resource needed support development sustainable peace ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The relationship between natural resources and armed conflict is well known and documented, evidenced by numerous examples from all over the world.1 Natural resources may be implicated all along the peace continuum, from contributing to grievances, to financing armed groups, to supporting livelihoods and recovery via the sound management of natural resources. Furthermore, the economies of countries suffering from armed conflict are often marked by unsustainable or illicit trade in natural resources, thereby tying conflict areas to the rest of the world through global supply chains. For DDR processes to be effective, practitioners should consider both the risks and opportunities that natural resource management may pose to their efforts.As part of the war economy, natural resources may be exploited and traded directly by, or through local communities under the auspices of, armed groups, organized criminal groups or members of the security sector, and eventually be placed on national and international markets through trade with multinational companies. This not only reinforces the actors directly implicated in the conflict, but it also undermines the good governance of natural resources needed to support development and sustainable peace. Once conflict is underway, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and to reinforce the war economy, linking armed groups and even the security sector to international markets and organized criminal groups.These dynamics are challenging to address through DDR processes, but are necessary to contend with if sustainable peace is to be achieved. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement around natural resource management, they can also simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of armed conflict on the environment and host communities. Issues of land rights, equal access to natural resources for livelihoods, equitable distribution of their benefits, and sociocultural disparities may all underpin the drivers of conflict that motivate individuals and groups to take up arms. It is critical that DDR practitioners take these linkages into account to avoid exacerbating existing grievances or creating new conflicts, as well as to effectively use natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.This module aims to contribute to DDR processes that are grounded in a clear understanding of how natural resource management can contribute to sustainable peace and reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of conflict. It considers how DDR practitioners can integrate youth, women, persons with disabilities and other key specific needs groups when addressing natural resource management in reintegration. It also includes guidance on relevant natural resource management related issues like public health, disaster-risk reduction, resiliency and climate change. With enhanced interagency cooperation, coordination and dialogue among relevant stakeholders working in DDR, natural resource management and governance sectors - especially national actors - these linkages can be addressed in a more conscious and deliberate manner for sustainable peace.Lastly, this module recognizes that the degree to which natural resources are incorporated into DDR processes will vary based on the political economy of a given context, size, resource availability, partners and capacity. While some contexts may have different agencies or stakeholders with expertise in natural resource management to inform context analyses, assessment processes and subsequent programme design and implementation, DDR processes may also need to rely primarily on external experts and partners. However, limited natural resource management capacities within a DDR process should not discourage practitioners from capitalizing on the opportunities or guidance available, or to seek collaboration and possible programme synergies with other partners that can offer natural resource management expertise. For example, in settings where the UN has no mission presence, such capacity and expertise may also be found within the UN country team, civil society, and\/or academia.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1407, "Sentence":"Once conflict is underway, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and to reinforce the war economy, linking armed groups and even the security sector to international markets and organized criminal groups.These dynamics are challenging to address through DDR processes, but are necessary to contend with if sustainable peace is to be achieved.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources conflict underway natural resource may exploited finance acquisition weapon ammunition reinforce war economy linking armed group even security sector international market organized criminal groups.these dynamic challenging address ddr process necessary contend sustainable peace achieved ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The relationship between natural resources and armed conflict is well known and documented, evidenced by numerous examples from all over the world.1 Natural resources may be implicated all along the peace continuum, from contributing to grievances, to financing armed groups, to supporting livelihoods and recovery via the sound management of natural resources. Furthermore, the economies of countries suffering from armed conflict are often marked by unsustainable or illicit trade in natural resources, thereby tying conflict areas to the rest of the world through global supply chains. For DDR processes to be effective, practitioners should consider both the risks and opportunities that natural resource management may pose to their efforts.As part of the war economy, natural resources may be exploited and traded directly by, or through local communities under the auspices of, armed groups, organized criminal groups or members of the security sector, and eventually be placed on national and international markets through trade with multinational companies. This not only reinforces the actors directly implicated in the conflict, but it also undermines the good governance of natural resources needed to support development and sustainable peace. Once conflict is underway, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and to reinforce the war economy, linking armed groups and even the security sector to international markets and organized criminal groups.These dynamics are challenging to address through DDR processes, but are necessary to contend with if sustainable peace is to be achieved. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement around natural resource management, they can also simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of armed conflict on the environment and host communities. Issues of land rights, equal access to natural resources for livelihoods, equitable distribution of their benefits, and sociocultural disparities may all underpin the drivers of conflict that motivate individuals and groups to take up arms. It is critical that DDR practitioners take these linkages into account to avoid exacerbating existing grievances or creating new conflicts, as well as to effectively use natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.This module aims to contribute to DDR processes that are grounded in a clear understanding of how natural resource management can contribute to sustainable peace and reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of conflict. It considers how DDR practitioners can integrate youth, women, persons with disabilities and other key specific needs groups when addressing natural resource management in reintegration. It also includes guidance on relevant natural resource management related issues like public health, disaster-risk reduction, resiliency and climate change. With enhanced interagency cooperation, coordination and dialogue among relevant stakeholders working in DDR, natural resource management and governance sectors - especially national actors - these linkages can be addressed in a more conscious and deliberate manner for sustainable peace.Lastly, this module recognizes that the degree to which natural resources are incorporated into DDR processes will vary based on the political economy of a given context, size, resource availability, partners and capacity. While some contexts may have different agencies or stakeholders with expertise in natural resource management to inform context analyses, assessment processes and subsequent programme design and implementation, DDR processes may also need to rely primarily on external experts and partners. However, limited natural resource management capacities within a DDR process should not discourage practitioners from capitalizing on the opportunities or guidance available, or to seek collaboration and possible programme synergies with other partners that can offer natural resource management expertise. For example, in settings where the UN has no mission presence, such capacity and expertise may also be found within the UN country team, civil society, and\/or academia.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1407, "Sentence":"When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement around natural resource management, they can also simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of armed conflict on the environment and host communities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr process promote good governance practice transparent policy community engagement around natural resource management also simultaneously address conflict driver impact armed conflict environment host community ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The relationship between natural resources and armed conflict is well known and documented, evidenced by numerous examples from all over the world.1 Natural resources may be implicated all along the peace continuum, from contributing to grievances, to financing armed groups, to supporting livelihoods and recovery via the sound management of natural resources. Furthermore, the economies of countries suffering from armed conflict are often marked by unsustainable or illicit trade in natural resources, thereby tying conflict areas to the rest of the world through global supply chains. For DDR processes to be effective, practitioners should consider both the risks and opportunities that natural resource management may pose to their efforts.As part of the war economy, natural resources may be exploited and traded directly by, or through local communities under the auspices of, armed groups, organized criminal groups or members of the security sector, and eventually be placed on national and international markets through trade with multinational companies. This not only reinforces the actors directly implicated in the conflict, but it also undermines the good governance of natural resources needed to support development and sustainable peace. Once conflict is underway, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and to reinforce the war economy, linking armed groups and even the security sector to international markets and organized criminal groups.These dynamics are challenging to address through DDR processes, but are necessary to contend with if sustainable peace is to be achieved. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement around natural resource management, they can also simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of armed conflict on the environment and host communities. Issues of land rights, equal access to natural resources for livelihoods, equitable distribution of their benefits, and sociocultural disparities may all underpin the drivers of conflict that motivate individuals and groups to take up arms. It is critical that DDR practitioners take these linkages into account to avoid exacerbating existing grievances or creating new conflicts, as well as to effectively use natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.This module aims to contribute to DDR processes that are grounded in a clear understanding of how natural resource management can contribute to sustainable peace and reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of conflict. It considers how DDR practitioners can integrate youth, women, persons with disabilities and other key specific needs groups when addressing natural resource management in reintegration. It also includes guidance on relevant natural resource management related issues like public health, disaster-risk reduction, resiliency and climate change. With enhanced interagency cooperation, coordination and dialogue among relevant stakeholders working in DDR, natural resource management and governance sectors - especially national actors - these linkages can be addressed in a more conscious and deliberate manner for sustainable peace.Lastly, this module recognizes that the degree to which natural resources are incorporated into DDR processes will vary based on the political economy of a given context, size, resource availability, partners and capacity. While some contexts may have different agencies or stakeholders with expertise in natural resource management to inform context analyses, assessment processes and subsequent programme design and implementation, DDR processes may also need to rely primarily on external experts and partners. However, limited natural resource management capacities within a DDR process should not discourage practitioners from capitalizing on the opportunities or guidance available, or to seek collaboration and possible programme synergies with other partners that can offer natural resource management expertise. For example, in settings where the UN has no mission presence, such capacity and expertise may also be found within the UN country team, civil society, and\/or academia.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1407, "Sentence":"Issues of land rights, equal access to natural resources for livelihoods, equitable distribution of their benefits, and sociocultural disparities may all underpin the drivers of conflict that motivate individuals and groups to take up arms.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources issue land right equal access natural resource livelihood equitable distribution benefit sociocultural disparity may underpin driver conflict motivate individual group take arm ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The relationship between natural resources and armed conflict is well known and documented, evidenced by numerous examples from all over the world.1 Natural resources may be implicated all along the peace continuum, from contributing to grievances, to financing armed groups, to supporting livelihoods and recovery via the sound management of natural resources. Furthermore, the economies of countries suffering from armed conflict are often marked by unsustainable or illicit trade in natural resources, thereby tying conflict areas to the rest of the world through global supply chains. For DDR processes to be effective, practitioners should consider both the risks and opportunities that natural resource management may pose to their efforts.As part of the war economy, natural resources may be exploited and traded directly by, or through local communities under the auspices of, armed groups, organized criminal groups or members of the security sector, and eventually be placed on national and international markets through trade with multinational companies. This not only reinforces the actors directly implicated in the conflict, but it also undermines the good governance of natural resources needed to support development and sustainable peace. Once conflict is underway, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and to reinforce the war economy, linking armed groups and even the security sector to international markets and organized criminal groups.These dynamics are challenging to address through DDR processes, but are necessary to contend with if sustainable peace is to be achieved. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement around natural resource management, they can also simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of armed conflict on the environment and host communities. Issues of land rights, equal access to natural resources for livelihoods, equitable distribution of their benefits, and sociocultural disparities may all underpin the drivers of conflict that motivate individuals and groups to take up arms. It is critical that DDR practitioners take these linkages into account to avoid exacerbating existing grievances or creating new conflicts, as well as to effectively use natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.This module aims to contribute to DDR processes that are grounded in a clear understanding of how natural resource management can contribute to sustainable peace and reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of conflict. It considers how DDR practitioners can integrate youth, women, persons with disabilities and other key specific needs groups when addressing natural resource management in reintegration. It also includes guidance on relevant natural resource management related issues like public health, disaster-risk reduction, resiliency and climate change. With enhanced interagency cooperation, coordination and dialogue among relevant stakeholders working in DDR, natural resource management and governance sectors - especially national actors - these linkages can be addressed in a more conscious and deliberate manner for sustainable peace.Lastly, this module recognizes that the degree to which natural resources are incorporated into DDR processes will vary based on the political economy of a given context, size, resource availability, partners and capacity. While some contexts may have different agencies or stakeholders with expertise in natural resource management to inform context analyses, assessment processes and subsequent programme design and implementation, DDR processes may also need to rely primarily on external experts and partners. However, limited natural resource management capacities within a DDR process should not discourage practitioners from capitalizing on the opportunities or guidance available, or to seek collaboration and possible programme synergies with other partners that can offer natural resource management expertise. For example, in settings where the UN has no mission presence, such capacity and expertise may also be found within the UN country team, civil society, and\/or academia.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1407, "Sentence":"It is critical that DDR practitioners take these linkages into account to avoid exacerbating existing grievances or creating new conflicts, as well as to effectively use natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.This module aims to contribute to DDR processes that are grounded in a clear understanding of how natural resource management can contribute to sustainable peace and reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources critical ddr practitioner take linkage account avoid exacerbating existing grievance creating new conflict well effectively use natural resource management contribute sustainable peace.this module aim contribute ddr process grounded clear understanding natural resource management contribute sustainable peace reduce likelihood resurgence conflict ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The relationship between natural resources and armed conflict is well known and documented, evidenced by numerous examples from all over the world.1 Natural resources may be implicated all along the peace continuum, from contributing to grievances, to financing armed groups, to supporting livelihoods and recovery via the sound management of natural resources. Furthermore, the economies of countries suffering from armed conflict are often marked by unsustainable or illicit trade in natural resources, thereby tying conflict areas to the rest of the world through global supply chains. For DDR processes to be effective, practitioners should consider both the risks and opportunities that natural resource management may pose to their efforts.As part of the war economy, natural resources may be exploited and traded directly by, or through local communities under the auspices of, armed groups, organized criminal groups or members of the security sector, and eventually be placed on national and international markets through trade with multinational companies. This not only reinforces the actors directly implicated in the conflict, but it also undermines the good governance of natural resources needed to support development and sustainable peace. Once conflict is underway, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and to reinforce the war economy, linking armed groups and even the security sector to international markets and organized criminal groups.These dynamics are challenging to address through DDR processes, but are necessary to contend with if sustainable peace is to be achieved. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement around natural resource management, they can also simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of armed conflict on the environment and host communities. Issues of land rights, equal access to natural resources for livelihoods, equitable distribution of their benefits, and sociocultural disparities may all underpin the drivers of conflict that motivate individuals and groups to take up arms. It is critical that DDR practitioners take these linkages into account to avoid exacerbating existing grievances or creating new conflicts, as well as to effectively use natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.This module aims to contribute to DDR processes that are grounded in a clear understanding of how natural resource management can contribute to sustainable peace and reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of conflict. It considers how DDR practitioners can integrate youth, women, persons with disabilities and other key specific needs groups when addressing natural resource management in reintegration. It also includes guidance on relevant natural resource management related issues like public health, disaster-risk reduction, resiliency and climate change. With enhanced interagency cooperation, coordination and dialogue among relevant stakeholders working in DDR, natural resource management and governance sectors - especially national actors - these linkages can be addressed in a more conscious and deliberate manner for sustainable peace.Lastly, this module recognizes that the degree to which natural resources are incorporated into DDR processes will vary based on the political economy of a given context, size, resource availability, partners and capacity. While some contexts may have different agencies or stakeholders with expertise in natural resource management to inform context analyses, assessment processes and subsequent programme design and implementation, DDR processes may also need to rely primarily on external experts and partners. However, limited natural resource management capacities within a DDR process should not discourage practitioners from capitalizing on the opportunities or guidance available, or to seek collaboration and possible programme synergies with other partners that can offer natural resource management expertise. For example, in settings where the UN has no mission presence, such capacity and expertise may also be found within the UN country team, civil society, and\/or academia.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1407, "Sentence":"It considers how DDR practitioners can integrate youth, women, persons with disabilities and other key specific needs groups when addressing natural resource management in reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources considers ddr practitioner integrate youth woman person disability key specific need group addressing natural resource management reintegration ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The relationship between natural resources and armed conflict is well known and documented, evidenced by numerous examples from all over the world.1 Natural resources may be implicated all along the peace continuum, from contributing to grievances, to financing armed groups, to supporting livelihoods and recovery via the sound management of natural resources. Furthermore, the economies of countries suffering from armed conflict are often marked by unsustainable or illicit trade in natural resources, thereby tying conflict areas to the rest of the world through global supply chains. For DDR processes to be effective, practitioners should consider both the risks and opportunities that natural resource management may pose to their efforts.As part of the war economy, natural resources may be exploited and traded directly by, or through local communities under the auspices of, armed groups, organized criminal groups or members of the security sector, and eventually be placed on national and international markets through trade with multinational companies. This not only reinforces the actors directly implicated in the conflict, but it also undermines the good governance of natural resources needed to support development and sustainable peace. Once conflict is underway, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and to reinforce the war economy, linking armed groups and even the security sector to international markets and organized criminal groups.These dynamics are challenging to address through DDR processes, but are necessary to contend with if sustainable peace is to be achieved. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement around natural resource management, they can also simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of armed conflict on the environment and host communities. Issues of land rights, equal access to natural resources for livelihoods, equitable distribution of their benefits, and sociocultural disparities may all underpin the drivers of conflict that motivate individuals and groups to take up arms. It is critical that DDR practitioners take these linkages into account to avoid exacerbating existing grievances or creating new conflicts, as well as to effectively use natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.This module aims to contribute to DDR processes that are grounded in a clear understanding of how natural resource management can contribute to sustainable peace and reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of conflict. It considers how DDR practitioners can integrate youth, women, persons with disabilities and other key specific needs groups when addressing natural resource management in reintegration. It also includes guidance on relevant natural resource management related issues like public health, disaster-risk reduction, resiliency and climate change. With enhanced interagency cooperation, coordination and dialogue among relevant stakeholders working in DDR, natural resource management and governance sectors - especially national actors - these linkages can be addressed in a more conscious and deliberate manner for sustainable peace.Lastly, this module recognizes that the degree to which natural resources are incorporated into DDR processes will vary based on the political economy of a given context, size, resource availability, partners and capacity. While some contexts may have different agencies or stakeholders with expertise in natural resource management to inform context analyses, assessment processes and subsequent programme design and implementation, DDR processes may also need to rely primarily on external experts and partners. However, limited natural resource management capacities within a DDR process should not discourage practitioners from capitalizing on the opportunities or guidance available, or to seek collaboration and possible programme synergies with other partners that can offer natural resource management expertise. For example, in settings where the UN has no mission presence, such capacity and expertise may also be found within the UN country team, civil society, and\/or academia.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1407, "Sentence":"It also includes guidance on relevant natural resource management related issues like public health, disaster-risk reduction, resiliency and climate change.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources also includes guidance relevant natural resource management related issue like public health disasterrisk reduction resiliency climate change ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The relationship between natural resources and armed conflict is well known and documented, evidenced by numerous examples from all over the world.1 Natural resources may be implicated all along the peace continuum, from contributing to grievances, to financing armed groups, to supporting livelihoods and recovery via the sound management of natural resources. Furthermore, the economies of countries suffering from armed conflict are often marked by unsustainable or illicit trade in natural resources, thereby tying conflict areas to the rest of the world through global supply chains. For DDR processes to be effective, practitioners should consider both the risks and opportunities that natural resource management may pose to their efforts.As part of the war economy, natural resources may be exploited and traded directly by, or through local communities under the auspices of, armed groups, organized criminal groups or members of the security sector, and eventually be placed on national and international markets through trade with multinational companies. This not only reinforces the actors directly implicated in the conflict, but it also undermines the good governance of natural resources needed to support development and sustainable peace. Once conflict is underway, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and to reinforce the war economy, linking armed groups and even the security sector to international markets and organized criminal groups.These dynamics are challenging to address through DDR processes, but are necessary to contend with if sustainable peace is to be achieved. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement around natural resource management, they can also simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of armed conflict on the environment and host communities. Issues of land rights, equal access to natural resources for livelihoods, equitable distribution of their benefits, and sociocultural disparities may all underpin the drivers of conflict that motivate individuals and groups to take up arms. It is critical that DDR practitioners take these linkages into account to avoid exacerbating existing grievances or creating new conflicts, as well as to effectively use natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.This module aims to contribute to DDR processes that are grounded in a clear understanding of how natural resource management can contribute to sustainable peace and reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of conflict. It considers how DDR practitioners can integrate youth, women, persons with disabilities and other key specific needs groups when addressing natural resource management in reintegration. It also includes guidance on relevant natural resource management related issues like public health, disaster-risk reduction, resiliency and climate change. With enhanced interagency cooperation, coordination and dialogue among relevant stakeholders working in DDR, natural resource management and governance sectors - especially national actors - these linkages can be addressed in a more conscious and deliberate manner for sustainable peace.Lastly, this module recognizes that the degree to which natural resources are incorporated into DDR processes will vary based on the political economy of a given context, size, resource availability, partners and capacity. While some contexts may have different agencies or stakeholders with expertise in natural resource management to inform context analyses, assessment processes and subsequent programme design and implementation, DDR processes may also need to rely primarily on external experts and partners. However, limited natural resource management capacities within a DDR process should not discourage practitioners from capitalizing on the opportunities or guidance available, or to seek collaboration and possible programme synergies with other partners that can offer natural resource management expertise. For example, in settings where the UN has no mission presence, such capacity and expertise may also be found within the UN country team, civil society, and\/or academia.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1407, "Sentence":"With enhanced interagency cooperation, coordination and dialogue among relevant stakeholders working in DDR, natural resource management and governance sectors - especially national actors - these linkages can be addressed in a more conscious and deliberate manner for sustainable peace.Lastly, this module recognizes that the degree to which natural resources are incorporated into DDR processes will vary based on the political economy of a given context, size, resource availability, partners and capacity.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources enhanced interagency cooperation coordination dialogue among relevant stakeholder working ddr natural resource management governance sector especially national actor linkage addressed conscious deliberate manner sustainable peace.lastly module recognizes degree natural resource incorporated ddr process vary based political economy given context size resource availability partner capacity ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The relationship between natural resources and armed conflict is well known and documented, evidenced by numerous examples from all over the world.1 Natural resources may be implicated all along the peace continuum, from contributing to grievances, to financing armed groups, to supporting livelihoods and recovery via the sound management of natural resources. Furthermore, the economies of countries suffering from armed conflict are often marked by unsustainable or illicit trade in natural resources, thereby tying conflict areas to the rest of the world through global supply chains. For DDR processes to be effective, practitioners should consider both the risks and opportunities that natural resource management may pose to their efforts.As part of the war economy, natural resources may be exploited and traded directly by, or through local communities under the auspices of, armed groups, organized criminal groups or members of the security sector, and eventually be placed on national and international markets through trade with multinational companies. This not only reinforces the actors directly implicated in the conflict, but it also undermines the good governance of natural resources needed to support development and sustainable peace. Once conflict is underway, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and to reinforce the war economy, linking armed groups and even the security sector to international markets and organized criminal groups.These dynamics are challenging to address through DDR processes, but are necessary to contend with if sustainable peace is to be achieved. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement around natural resource management, they can also simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of armed conflict on the environment and host communities. Issues of land rights, equal access to natural resources for livelihoods, equitable distribution of their benefits, and sociocultural disparities may all underpin the drivers of conflict that motivate individuals and groups to take up arms. It is critical that DDR practitioners take these linkages into account to avoid exacerbating existing grievances or creating new conflicts, as well as to effectively use natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.This module aims to contribute to DDR processes that are grounded in a clear understanding of how natural resource management can contribute to sustainable peace and reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of conflict. It considers how DDR practitioners can integrate youth, women, persons with disabilities and other key specific needs groups when addressing natural resource management in reintegration. It also includes guidance on relevant natural resource management related issues like public health, disaster-risk reduction, resiliency and climate change. With enhanced interagency cooperation, coordination and dialogue among relevant stakeholders working in DDR, natural resource management and governance sectors - especially national actors - these linkages can be addressed in a more conscious and deliberate manner for sustainable peace.Lastly, this module recognizes that the degree to which natural resources are incorporated into DDR processes will vary based on the political economy of a given context, size, resource availability, partners and capacity. While some contexts may have different agencies or stakeholders with expertise in natural resource management to inform context analyses, assessment processes and subsequent programme design and implementation, DDR processes may also need to rely primarily on external experts and partners. However, limited natural resource management capacities within a DDR process should not discourage practitioners from capitalizing on the opportunities or guidance available, or to seek collaboration and possible programme synergies with other partners that can offer natural resource management expertise. For example, in settings where the UN has no mission presence, such capacity and expertise may also be found within the UN country team, civil society, and\/or academia.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1407, "Sentence":"While some contexts may have different agencies or stakeholders with expertise in natural resource management to inform context analyses, assessment processes and subsequent programme design and implementation, DDR processes may also need to rely primarily on external experts and partners.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources context may different agency stakeholder expertise natural resource management inform context analysis assessment process subsequent programme design implementation ddr process may also need rely primarily external expert partner ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The relationship between natural resources and armed conflict is well known and documented, evidenced by numerous examples from all over the world.1 Natural resources may be implicated all along the peace continuum, from contributing to grievances, to financing armed groups, to supporting livelihoods and recovery via the sound management of natural resources. Furthermore, the economies of countries suffering from armed conflict are often marked by unsustainable or illicit trade in natural resources, thereby tying conflict areas to the rest of the world through global supply chains. For DDR processes to be effective, practitioners should consider both the risks and opportunities that natural resource management may pose to their efforts.As part of the war economy, natural resources may be exploited and traded directly by, or through local communities under the auspices of, armed groups, organized criminal groups or members of the security sector, and eventually be placed on national and international markets through trade with multinational companies. This not only reinforces the actors directly implicated in the conflict, but it also undermines the good governance of natural resources needed to support development and sustainable peace. Once conflict is underway, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and to reinforce the war economy, linking armed groups and even the security sector to international markets and organized criminal groups.These dynamics are challenging to address through DDR processes, but are necessary to contend with if sustainable peace is to be achieved. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement around natural resource management, they can also simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of armed conflict on the environment and host communities. Issues of land rights, equal access to natural resources for livelihoods, equitable distribution of their benefits, and sociocultural disparities may all underpin the drivers of conflict that motivate individuals and groups to take up arms. It is critical that DDR practitioners take these linkages into account to avoid exacerbating existing grievances or creating new conflicts, as well as to effectively use natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.This module aims to contribute to DDR processes that are grounded in a clear understanding of how natural resource management can contribute to sustainable peace and reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of conflict. It considers how DDR practitioners can integrate youth, women, persons with disabilities and other key specific needs groups when addressing natural resource management in reintegration. It also includes guidance on relevant natural resource management related issues like public health, disaster-risk reduction, resiliency and climate change. With enhanced interagency cooperation, coordination and dialogue among relevant stakeholders working in DDR, natural resource management and governance sectors - especially national actors - these linkages can be addressed in a more conscious and deliberate manner for sustainable peace.Lastly, this module recognizes that the degree to which natural resources are incorporated into DDR processes will vary based on the political economy of a given context, size, resource availability, partners and capacity. While some contexts may have different agencies or stakeholders with expertise in natural resource management to inform context analyses, assessment processes and subsequent programme design and implementation, DDR processes may also need to rely primarily on external experts and partners. However, limited natural resource management capacities within a DDR process should not discourage practitioners from capitalizing on the opportunities or guidance available, or to seek collaboration and possible programme synergies with other partners that can offer natural resource management expertise. For example, in settings where the UN has no mission presence, such capacity and expertise may also be found within the UN country team, civil society, and\/or academia.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1407, "Sentence":"However, limited natural resource management capacities within a DDR process should not discourage practitioners from capitalizing on the opportunities or guidance available, or to seek collaboration and possible programme synergies with other partners that can offer natural resource management expertise.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources however limited natural resource management capacity within ddr process discourage practitioner capitalizing opportunity guidance available seek collaboration possible programme synergy partner offer natural resource management expertise ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The relationship between natural resources and armed conflict is well known and documented, evidenced by numerous examples from all over the world.1 Natural resources may be implicated all along the peace continuum, from contributing to grievances, to financing armed groups, to supporting livelihoods and recovery via the sound management of natural resources. Furthermore, the economies of countries suffering from armed conflict are often marked by unsustainable or illicit trade in natural resources, thereby tying conflict areas to the rest of the world through global supply chains. For DDR processes to be effective, practitioners should consider both the risks and opportunities that natural resource management may pose to their efforts.As part of the war economy, natural resources may be exploited and traded directly by, or through local communities under the auspices of, armed groups, organized criminal groups or members of the security sector, and eventually be placed on national and international markets through trade with multinational companies. This not only reinforces the actors directly implicated in the conflict, but it also undermines the good governance of natural resources needed to support development and sustainable peace. Once conflict is underway, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and to reinforce the war economy, linking armed groups and even the security sector to international markets and organized criminal groups.These dynamics are challenging to address through DDR processes, but are necessary to contend with if sustainable peace is to be achieved. When DDR processes promote good governance practices, transparent policies and community engagement around natural resource management, they can also simultaneously address conflict drivers and the impacts of armed conflict on the environment and host communities. Issues of land rights, equal access to natural resources for livelihoods, equitable distribution of their benefits, and sociocultural disparities may all underpin the drivers of conflict that motivate individuals and groups to take up arms. It is critical that DDR practitioners take these linkages into account to avoid exacerbating existing grievances or creating new conflicts, as well as to effectively use natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.This module aims to contribute to DDR processes that are grounded in a clear understanding of how natural resource management can contribute to sustainable peace and reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of conflict. It considers how DDR practitioners can integrate youth, women, persons with disabilities and other key specific needs groups when addressing natural resource management in reintegration. It also includes guidance on relevant natural resource management related issues like public health, disaster-risk reduction, resiliency and climate change. With enhanced interagency cooperation, coordination and dialogue among relevant stakeholders working in DDR, natural resource management and governance sectors - especially national actors - these linkages can be addressed in a more conscious and deliberate manner for sustainable peace.Lastly, this module recognizes that the degree to which natural resources are incorporated into DDR processes will vary based on the political economy of a given context, size, resource availability, partners and capacity. While some contexts may have different agencies or stakeholders with expertise in natural resource management to inform context analyses, assessment processes and subsequent programme design and implementation, DDR processes may also need to rely primarily on external experts and partners. However, limited natural resource management capacities within a DDR process should not discourage practitioners from capitalizing on the opportunities or guidance available, or to seek collaboration and possible programme synergies with other partners that can offer natural resource management expertise. For example, in settings where the UN has no mission presence, such capacity and expertise may also be found within the UN country team, civil society, and\/or academia.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1407, "Sentence":"For example, in settings where the UN has no mission presence, such capacity and expertise may also be found within the UN country team, civil society, and\/or academia.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources example setting un mission presence capacity expertise may also found within un country team civil society and\/or academia ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module provides DDR practitioners - in mission and non-mission settings - with necessary information on the linkages between natural resource management and integrated DDR processes during the various stages of the peace continuum. The guidance provided highlights the role of natural resources in all phases of the conflict cycle, focusing especially on the linkages with armed groups, the war economy, and how natural resource management can support successful DDR processes. It also emphasizes the ways that natural resource management can support the additional goals of gender-responsive reconciliation, resiliency to climate change, and sustainable reintegration through livelihoods and employment creation.The module highlights the risks and opportunities presented by natural resource management in an effort to improve the overall effectiveness and sustainability of DDR processes. It also seeks to support DDR practitioners in understanding the associated risks that threaten people\u2019s health, livelihoods, security and the opportunities to build economic and environmental resilience against future crises.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1408, "Sentence":"This module provides DDR practitioners - in mission and non-mission settings - with necessary information on the linkages between natural resource management and integrated DDR processes during the various stages of the peace continuum.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources module provides ddr practitioner mission nonmission setting necessary information linkage natural resource management integrated ddr process various stage peace continuum ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module provides DDR practitioners - in mission and non-mission settings - with necessary information on the linkages between natural resource management and integrated DDR processes during the various stages of the peace continuum. The guidance provided highlights the role of natural resources in all phases of the conflict cycle, focusing especially on the linkages with armed groups, the war economy, and how natural resource management can support successful DDR processes. It also emphasizes the ways that natural resource management can support the additional goals of gender-responsive reconciliation, resiliency to climate change, and sustainable reintegration through livelihoods and employment creation.The module highlights the risks and opportunities presented by natural resource management in an effort to improve the overall effectiveness and sustainability of DDR processes. It also seeks to support DDR practitioners in understanding the associated risks that threaten people\u2019s health, livelihoods, security and the opportunities to build economic and environmental resilience against future crises.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1408, "Sentence":"The guidance provided highlights the role of natural resources in all phases of the conflict cycle, focusing especially on the linkages with armed groups, the war economy, and how natural resource management can support successful DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources guidance provided highlight role natural resource phase conflict cycle focusing especially linkage armed group war economy natural resource management support successful ddr process ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module provides DDR practitioners - in mission and non-mission settings - with necessary information on the linkages between natural resource management and integrated DDR processes during the various stages of the peace continuum. The guidance provided highlights the role of natural resources in all phases of the conflict cycle, focusing especially on the linkages with armed groups, the war economy, and how natural resource management can support successful DDR processes. It also emphasizes the ways that natural resource management can support the additional goals of gender-responsive reconciliation, resiliency to climate change, and sustainable reintegration through livelihoods and employment creation.The module highlights the risks and opportunities presented by natural resource management in an effort to improve the overall effectiveness and sustainability of DDR processes. It also seeks to support DDR practitioners in understanding the associated risks that threaten people\u2019s health, livelihoods, security and the opportunities to build economic and environmental resilience against future crises.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1408, "Sentence":"It also emphasizes the ways that natural resource management can support the additional goals of gender-responsive reconciliation, resiliency to climate change, and sustainable reintegration through livelihoods and employment creation.The module highlights the risks and opportunities presented by natural resource management in an effort to improve the overall effectiveness and sustainability of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources also emphasizes way natural resource management support additional goal genderresponsive reconciliation resiliency climate change sustainable reintegration livelihood employment creation.the module highlight risk opportunity presented natural resource management effort improve overall effectiveness sustainability ddr process ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"This module provides DDR practitioners - in mission and non-mission settings - with necessary information on the linkages between natural resource management and integrated DDR processes during the various stages of the peace continuum. The guidance provided highlights the role of natural resources in all phases of the conflict cycle, focusing especially on the linkages with armed groups, the war economy, and how natural resource management can support successful DDR processes. It also emphasizes the ways that natural resource management can support the additional goals of gender-responsive reconciliation, resiliency to climate change, and sustainable reintegration through livelihoods and employment creation.The module highlights the risks and opportunities presented by natural resource management in an effort to improve the overall effectiveness and sustainability of DDR processes. It also seeks to support DDR practitioners in understanding the associated risks that threaten people\u2019s health, livelihoods, security and the opportunities to build economic and environmental resilience against future crises.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1408, "Sentence":"It also seeks to support DDR practitioners in understanding the associated risks that threaten people\u2019s health, livelihoods, security and the opportunities to build economic and environmental resilience against future crises.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources also seek support ddr practitioner understanding associated risk threaten people \u2019 health livelihood security opportunity build economic environmental resilience future crisis ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Natural resources refer to any natural assets (raw materials) occurring in nature that can be used for economic production or consumption (OECD).2 These may include, but are not limited to, hard commodities such as minerals, gemstones, petroleum resources, timber, or other geological resources. They can also include soft commodities including agricultural products like cocoa, palm oil, sugar, coffee, wheat and other highly traded global commodities. Natural resources can also include endangered rare species of flora and fauna (including those used in narcotics) and related products traded on global markets.War economy refers to the economic structure developed to support armed conflict in a given jurisdiction, whether set up by the existing government or an armed group. The war economy includes legal and illegal exploitation of natural resources with the aim of supporting one or more sides of a conflict.Sustainable use of natural resources refers to the exploitation or management of natural resources in a way that ensures their long-term availability to support development for future generations.Natural resource management: Activities related with the management of natural capital stocks, (monitoring, control, surveys, administration and actions for facilitating structural adjustments of the sectors concerned) and their exploitation (e.g., abstraction and harvesting).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1409, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources annex contains list term definition abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Natural resources refer to any natural assets (raw materials) occurring in nature that can be used for economic production or consumption (OECD).2 These may include, but are not limited to, hard commodities such as minerals, gemstones, petroleum resources, timber, or other geological resources. They can also include soft commodities including agricultural products like cocoa, palm oil, sugar, coffee, wheat and other highly traded global commodities. Natural resources can also include endangered rare species of flora and fauna (including those used in narcotics) and related products traded on global markets.War economy refers to the economic structure developed to support armed conflict in a given jurisdiction, whether set up by the existing government or an armed group. The war economy includes legal and illegal exploitation of natural resources with the aim of supporting one or more sides of a conflict.Sustainable use of natural resources refers to the exploitation or management of natural resources in a way that ensures their long-term availability to support development for future generations.Natural resource management: Activities related with the management of natural capital stocks, (monitoring, control, surveys, administration and actions for facilitating structural adjustments of the sectors concerned) and their exploitation (e.g., abstraction and harvesting).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1409, "Sentence":"A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources com\u00ad plete glossary term definition abbreviation used series integrated ddr standard iddrs given iddrs 1.20 ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Natural resources refer to any natural assets (raw materials) occurring in nature that can be used for economic production or consumption (OECD).2 These may include, but are not limited to, hard commodities such as minerals, gemstones, petroleum resources, timber, or other geological resources. They can also include soft commodities including agricultural products like cocoa, palm oil, sugar, coffee, wheat and other highly traded global commodities. Natural resources can also include endangered rare species of flora and fauna (including those used in narcotics) and related products traded on global markets.War economy refers to the economic structure developed to support armed conflict in a given jurisdiction, whether set up by the existing government or an armed group. The war economy includes legal and illegal exploitation of natural resources with the aim of supporting one or more sides of a conflict.Sustainable use of natural resources refers to the exploitation or management of natural resources in a way that ensures their long-term availability to support development for future generations.Natural resource management: Activities related with the management of natural capital stocks, (monitoring, control, surveys, administration and actions for facilitating structural adjustments of the sectors concerned) and their exploitation (e.g., abstraction and harvesting).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1409, "Sentence":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Natural resources refer to any natural assets (raw materials) occurring in nature that can be used for economic production or consumption (OECD).2 These may include, but are not limited to, hard commodities such as minerals, gemstones, petroleum resources, timber, or other geological resources. They can also include soft commodities including agricultural products like cocoa, palm oil, sugar, coffee, wheat and other highly traded global commodities. Natural resources can also include endangered rare species of flora and fauna (including those used in narcotics) and related products traded on global markets.War economy refers to the economic structure developed to support armed conflict in a given jurisdiction, whether set up by the existing government or an armed group. The war economy includes legal and illegal exploitation of natural resources with the aim of supporting one or more sides of a conflict.Sustainable use of natural resources refers to the exploitation or management of natural resources in a way that ensures their long-term availability to support development for future generations.Natural resource management: Activities related with the management of natural capital stocks, (monitoring, control, surveys, administration and actions for facilitating structural adjustments of the sectors concerned) and their exploitation (e.g., abstraction and harvesting).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1409, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Natural resources refer to any natural assets (raw materials) occurring in nature that can be used for economic production or consumption (OECD).2 These may include, but are not limited to, hard commodities such as minerals, gemstones, petroleum resources, timber, or other geological resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources use consistent language used international organization standardization iso standard guideline n \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action n \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability n e \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation.natural resource refer natural asset raw material occurring nature used economic production consumption oecd.2 may include limited hard commodity mineral gemstone petroleum resource timber geological resource ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Natural resources refer to any natural assets (raw materials) occurring in nature that can be used for economic production or consumption (OECD).2 These may include, but are not limited to, hard commodities such as minerals, gemstones, petroleum resources, timber, or other geological resources. They can also include soft commodities including agricultural products like cocoa, palm oil, sugar, coffee, wheat and other highly traded global commodities. Natural resources can also include endangered rare species of flora and fauna (including those used in narcotics) and related products traded on global markets.War economy refers to the economic structure developed to support armed conflict in a given jurisdiction, whether set up by the existing government or an armed group. The war economy includes legal and illegal exploitation of natural resources with the aim of supporting one or more sides of a conflict.Sustainable use of natural resources refers to the exploitation or management of natural resources in a way that ensures their long-term availability to support development for future generations.Natural resource management: Activities related with the management of natural capital stocks, (monitoring, control, surveys, administration and actions for facilitating structural adjustments of the sectors concerned) and their exploitation (e.g., abstraction and harvesting).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1409, "Sentence":"They can also include soft commodities including agricultural products like cocoa, palm oil, sugar, coffee, wheat and other highly traded global commodities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources also include soft commodity including agricultural product like cocoa palm oil sugar coffee wheat highly traded global commodity ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Natural resources refer to any natural assets (raw materials) occurring in nature that can be used for economic production or consumption (OECD).2 These may include, but are not limited to, hard commodities such as minerals, gemstones, petroleum resources, timber, or other geological resources. They can also include soft commodities including agricultural products like cocoa, palm oil, sugar, coffee, wheat and other highly traded global commodities. Natural resources can also include endangered rare species of flora and fauna (including those used in narcotics) and related products traded on global markets.War economy refers to the economic structure developed to support armed conflict in a given jurisdiction, whether set up by the existing government or an armed group. The war economy includes legal and illegal exploitation of natural resources with the aim of supporting one or more sides of a conflict.Sustainable use of natural resources refers to the exploitation or management of natural resources in a way that ensures their long-term availability to support development for future generations.Natural resource management: Activities related with the management of natural capital stocks, (monitoring, control, surveys, administration and actions for facilitating structural adjustments of the sectors concerned) and their exploitation (e.g., abstraction and harvesting).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1409, "Sentence":"Natural resources can also include endangered rare species of flora and fauna (including those used in narcotics) and related products traded on global markets.War economy refers to the economic structure developed to support armed conflict in a given jurisdiction, whether set up by the existing government or an armed group.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources natural resource also include endangered rare specie flora fauna including used narcotic related product traded global markets.war economy refers economic structure developed support armed conflict given jurisdiction whether set existing government armed group ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.Natural resources refer to any natural assets (raw materials) occurring in nature that can be used for economic production or consumption (OECD).2 These may include, but are not limited to, hard commodities such as minerals, gemstones, petroleum resources, timber, or other geological resources. They can also include soft commodities including agricultural products like cocoa, palm oil, sugar, coffee, wheat and other highly traded global commodities. Natural resources can also include endangered rare species of flora and fauna (including those used in narcotics) and related products traded on global markets.War economy refers to the economic structure developed to support armed conflict in a given jurisdiction, whether set up by the existing government or an armed group. The war economy includes legal and illegal exploitation of natural resources with the aim of supporting one or more sides of a conflict.Sustainable use of natural resources refers to the exploitation or management of natural resources in a way that ensures their long-term availability to support development for future generations.Natural resource management: Activities related with the management of natural capital stocks, (monitoring, control, surveys, administration and actions for facilitating structural adjustments of the sectors concerned) and their exploitation (e.g., abstraction and harvesting).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1409, "Sentence":"The war economy includes legal and illegal exploitation of natural resources with the aim of supporting one or more sides of a conflict.Sustainable use of natural resources refers to the exploitation or management of natural resources in a way that ensures their long-term availability to support development for future generations.Natural resource management: Activities related with the management of natural capital stocks, (monitoring, control, surveys, administration and actions for facilitating structural adjustments of the sectors concerned) and their exploitation (e.g., abstraction and harvesting).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources war economy includes legal illegal exploitation natural resource aim supporting one side conflict.sustainable use natural resource refers exploitation management natural resource way ensures longterm availability support development future generations.natural resource management activity related management natural capital stock monitoring control survey administration action facilitating structural adjustment sector concerned exploitation e.g . abstraction harvesting ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When well-managed, natural resources have the potential to support sustainable peace, development, and to address long-standing grievances. However, there is also mounting evidence that in many violent conflicts worldwide there is a strong link between armed conflict and weak governance or mismanagement of natural resources, dynamics which also contribute to violent conflict.3Over the past 60 years at least 40 percent of all intrastate conflicts were linked to natural resources.4 Furthermore, conflicts where natural resources are implicated have been shown to be more likely to relapse within five years.5 Looking back over the history of UN peacekeeping operations, nearly twenty missions have been deployed to conflicts fuelled or financed by natural resources, yet only a few of these missions have had a direct mandate to tackle natural resource challenges. However, the United Nations recognizes the need to incorporate the environment and natural resource dimensions of conflict and peacebuilding along the entire peace continuum, as evidenced in the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework, the Humanitarian Response Plan and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework across multiple settings.6Although evident risks exist, natural resource management also has the potential to enable sustainable peace, including through sustainable development that contributes to job creation, reduced grievances, and equitable sharing of benefits from natural resources. Through sound management, individuals and societies can employ natural resources in ways that secure livelihoods, generate tax revenues, stimulate exports, and engage the private sector in employment-creation purposes. Furthermore, natural resource management provides both temporary (Track A) and more sustainable (Track B) employment opportunities, as outlined in the United Nations Post Conflict Policy for Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration.In DDR contexts where strong governance is present, policy processes may specifically target natural resource sectors - including forestry, mining and conservation - to support job creation for long-term sustainable peace. Since natural resources underpin livelihoods for the vast majority of populations in post-conflict contexts, DDR practitioners should ensure to analyze any ways in which special-needs groups - such as women, youth, persons with disabilities or different vulnerable populations - can safely access and productively use natural resources. Gender issues in particular are crucial for sustainability and efficiency in economic recovery when it comes to natural resource management as gender norms in society can affect the division of labour between men and women and the distribution of capital assets, including land, credit, skills and participation in decision making, often negatively impacting women. Gender can also impact whether natural resources can be accessed and used safely; for example, the provisioning of essential natural resources for daily subsistence by women and girls, such as gathering firewood or charcoal, often puts them at risk for sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV).7 In other cases, the physical strength needed to work in natural resource management sectors can prohibit women from accessing these kinds of economic opportunities (e.g., certain roles in the forestry or mining sectors).In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources can play an important role in supporting successful social reintegration and reconciliation through community-based approaches to natural resource management, including promoting access to grievance- and dispute-resolution mechanisms. To ensure that growth in natural resource management sectors will contribute positively to peace efforts, DDR practitioners shall undertake all necessary efforts to understand the risks and opportunities presented by natural resource management and fully analyze and incorporate them into process planning, design and implementation. The linkages between organized criminal groups, armed forces and groups and illicit trade - including implications of local community actors - should also be taken into account. These include the potential for poor natural resource management, coupled with weak governance, to lead to further grievances and recruitment. Since natural resource management takes place at the local, regional and national levels, there are multiple opportunities to work cooperatively with relevant stakeholders during DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1410, "Sentence":"When well-managed, natural resources have the potential to support sustainable peace, development, and to address long-standing grievances.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources wellmanaged natural resource potential support sustainable peace development address longstanding grievance ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When well-managed, natural resources have the potential to support sustainable peace, development, and to address long-standing grievances. However, there is also mounting evidence that in many violent conflicts worldwide there is a strong link between armed conflict and weak governance or mismanagement of natural resources, dynamics which also contribute to violent conflict.3Over the past 60 years at least 40 percent of all intrastate conflicts were linked to natural resources.4 Furthermore, conflicts where natural resources are implicated have been shown to be more likely to relapse within five years.5 Looking back over the history of UN peacekeeping operations, nearly twenty missions have been deployed to conflicts fuelled or financed by natural resources, yet only a few of these missions have had a direct mandate to tackle natural resource challenges. However, the United Nations recognizes the need to incorporate the environment and natural resource dimensions of conflict and peacebuilding along the entire peace continuum, as evidenced in the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework, the Humanitarian Response Plan and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework across multiple settings.6Although evident risks exist, natural resource management also has the potential to enable sustainable peace, including through sustainable development that contributes to job creation, reduced grievances, and equitable sharing of benefits from natural resources. Through sound management, individuals and societies can employ natural resources in ways that secure livelihoods, generate tax revenues, stimulate exports, and engage the private sector in employment-creation purposes. Furthermore, natural resource management provides both temporary (Track A) and more sustainable (Track B) employment opportunities, as outlined in the United Nations Post Conflict Policy for Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration.In DDR contexts where strong governance is present, policy processes may specifically target natural resource sectors - including forestry, mining and conservation - to support job creation for long-term sustainable peace. Since natural resources underpin livelihoods for the vast majority of populations in post-conflict contexts, DDR practitioners should ensure to analyze any ways in which special-needs groups - such as women, youth, persons with disabilities or different vulnerable populations - can safely access and productively use natural resources. Gender issues in particular are crucial for sustainability and efficiency in economic recovery when it comes to natural resource management as gender norms in society can affect the division of labour between men and women and the distribution of capital assets, including land, credit, skills and participation in decision making, often negatively impacting women. Gender can also impact whether natural resources can be accessed and used safely; for example, the provisioning of essential natural resources for daily subsistence by women and girls, such as gathering firewood or charcoal, often puts them at risk for sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV).7 In other cases, the physical strength needed to work in natural resource management sectors can prohibit women from accessing these kinds of economic opportunities (e.g., certain roles in the forestry or mining sectors).In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources can play an important role in supporting successful social reintegration and reconciliation through community-based approaches to natural resource management, including promoting access to grievance- and dispute-resolution mechanisms. To ensure that growth in natural resource management sectors will contribute positively to peace efforts, DDR practitioners shall undertake all necessary efforts to understand the risks and opportunities presented by natural resource management and fully analyze and incorporate them into process planning, design and implementation. The linkages between organized criminal groups, armed forces and groups and illicit trade - including implications of local community actors - should also be taken into account. These include the potential for poor natural resource management, coupled with weak governance, to lead to further grievances and recruitment. Since natural resource management takes place at the local, regional and national levels, there are multiple opportunities to work cooperatively with relevant stakeholders during DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1410, "Sentence":"However, there is also mounting evidence that in many violent conflicts worldwide there is a strong link between armed conflict and weak governance or mismanagement of natural resources, dynamics which also contribute to violent conflict.3Over the past 60 years at least 40 percent of all intrastate conflicts were linked to natural resources.4 Furthermore, conflicts where natural resources are implicated have been shown to be more likely to relapse within five years.5 Looking back over the history of UN peacekeeping operations, nearly twenty missions have been deployed to conflicts fuelled or financed by natural resources, yet only a few of these missions have had a direct mandate to tackle natural resource challenges.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources however also mounting evidence many violent conflict worldwide strong link armed conflict weak governance mismanagement natural resource dynamic also contribute violent conflict.3over past 60 year least 40 percent intrastate conflict linked natural resources.4 furthermore conflict natural resource implicated shown likely relapse within five years.5 looking back history un peacekeeping operation nearly twenty mission deployed conflict fuelled financed natural resource yet mission direct mandate tackle natural resource challenge ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When well-managed, natural resources have the potential to support sustainable peace, development, and to address long-standing grievances. However, there is also mounting evidence that in many violent conflicts worldwide there is a strong link between armed conflict and weak governance or mismanagement of natural resources, dynamics which also contribute to violent conflict.3Over the past 60 years at least 40 percent of all intrastate conflicts were linked to natural resources.4 Furthermore, conflicts where natural resources are implicated have been shown to be more likely to relapse within five years.5 Looking back over the history of UN peacekeeping operations, nearly twenty missions have been deployed to conflicts fuelled or financed by natural resources, yet only a few of these missions have had a direct mandate to tackle natural resource challenges. However, the United Nations recognizes the need to incorporate the environment and natural resource dimensions of conflict and peacebuilding along the entire peace continuum, as evidenced in the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework, the Humanitarian Response Plan and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework across multiple settings.6Although evident risks exist, natural resource management also has the potential to enable sustainable peace, including through sustainable development that contributes to job creation, reduced grievances, and equitable sharing of benefits from natural resources. Through sound management, individuals and societies can employ natural resources in ways that secure livelihoods, generate tax revenues, stimulate exports, and engage the private sector in employment-creation purposes. Furthermore, natural resource management provides both temporary (Track A) and more sustainable (Track B) employment opportunities, as outlined in the United Nations Post Conflict Policy for Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration.In DDR contexts where strong governance is present, policy processes may specifically target natural resource sectors - including forestry, mining and conservation - to support job creation for long-term sustainable peace. Since natural resources underpin livelihoods for the vast majority of populations in post-conflict contexts, DDR practitioners should ensure to analyze any ways in which special-needs groups - such as women, youth, persons with disabilities or different vulnerable populations - can safely access and productively use natural resources. Gender issues in particular are crucial for sustainability and efficiency in economic recovery when it comes to natural resource management as gender norms in society can affect the division of labour between men and women and the distribution of capital assets, including land, credit, skills and participation in decision making, often negatively impacting women. Gender can also impact whether natural resources can be accessed and used safely; for example, the provisioning of essential natural resources for daily subsistence by women and girls, such as gathering firewood or charcoal, often puts them at risk for sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV).7 In other cases, the physical strength needed to work in natural resource management sectors can prohibit women from accessing these kinds of economic opportunities (e.g., certain roles in the forestry or mining sectors).In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources can play an important role in supporting successful social reintegration and reconciliation through community-based approaches to natural resource management, including promoting access to grievance- and dispute-resolution mechanisms. To ensure that growth in natural resource management sectors will contribute positively to peace efforts, DDR practitioners shall undertake all necessary efforts to understand the risks and opportunities presented by natural resource management and fully analyze and incorporate them into process planning, design and implementation. The linkages between organized criminal groups, armed forces and groups and illicit trade - including implications of local community actors - should also be taken into account. These include the potential for poor natural resource management, coupled with weak governance, to lead to further grievances and recruitment. Since natural resource management takes place at the local, regional and national levels, there are multiple opportunities to work cooperatively with relevant stakeholders during DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1410, "Sentence":"However, the United Nations recognizes the need to incorporate the environment and natural resource dimensions of conflict and peacebuilding along the entire peace continuum, as evidenced in the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework, the Humanitarian Response Plan and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework across multiple settings.6Although evident risks exist, natural resource management also has the potential to enable sustainable peace, including through sustainable development that contributes to job creation, reduced grievances, and equitable sharing of benefits from natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources however united nation recognizes need incorporate environment natural resource dimension conflict peacebuilding along entire peace continuum evidenced un sustainable development cooperation framework humanitarian response plan and\/or integrated strategic framework across multiple settings.6although evident risk exist natural resource management also potential enable sustainable peace including sustainable development contributes job creation reduced grievance equitable sharing benefit natural resource ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When well-managed, natural resources have the potential to support sustainable peace, development, and to address long-standing grievances. However, there is also mounting evidence that in many violent conflicts worldwide there is a strong link between armed conflict and weak governance or mismanagement of natural resources, dynamics which also contribute to violent conflict.3Over the past 60 years at least 40 percent of all intrastate conflicts were linked to natural resources.4 Furthermore, conflicts where natural resources are implicated have been shown to be more likely to relapse within five years.5 Looking back over the history of UN peacekeeping operations, nearly twenty missions have been deployed to conflicts fuelled or financed by natural resources, yet only a few of these missions have had a direct mandate to tackle natural resource challenges. However, the United Nations recognizes the need to incorporate the environment and natural resource dimensions of conflict and peacebuilding along the entire peace continuum, as evidenced in the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework, the Humanitarian Response Plan and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework across multiple settings.6Although evident risks exist, natural resource management also has the potential to enable sustainable peace, including through sustainable development that contributes to job creation, reduced grievances, and equitable sharing of benefits from natural resources. Through sound management, individuals and societies can employ natural resources in ways that secure livelihoods, generate tax revenues, stimulate exports, and engage the private sector in employment-creation purposes. Furthermore, natural resource management provides both temporary (Track A) and more sustainable (Track B) employment opportunities, as outlined in the United Nations Post Conflict Policy for Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration.In DDR contexts where strong governance is present, policy processes may specifically target natural resource sectors - including forestry, mining and conservation - to support job creation for long-term sustainable peace. Since natural resources underpin livelihoods for the vast majority of populations in post-conflict contexts, DDR practitioners should ensure to analyze any ways in which special-needs groups - such as women, youth, persons with disabilities or different vulnerable populations - can safely access and productively use natural resources. Gender issues in particular are crucial for sustainability and efficiency in economic recovery when it comes to natural resource management as gender norms in society can affect the division of labour between men and women and the distribution of capital assets, including land, credit, skills and participation in decision making, often negatively impacting women. Gender can also impact whether natural resources can be accessed and used safely; for example, the provisioning of essential natural resources for daily subsistence by women and girls, such as gathering firewood or charcoal, often puts them at risk for sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV).7 In other cases, the physical strength needed to work in natural resource management sectors can prohibit women from accessing these kinds of economic opportunities (e.g., certain roles in the forestry or mining sectors).In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources can play an important role in supporting successful social reintegration and reconciliation through community-based approaches to natural resource management, including promoting access to grievance- and dispute-resolution mechanisms. To ensure that growth in natural resource management sectors will contribute positively to peace efforts, DDR practitioners shall undertake all necessary efforts to understand the risks and opportunities presented by natural resource management and fully analyze and incorporate them into process planning, design and implementation. The linkages between organized criminal groups, armed forces and groups and illicit trade - including implications of local community actors - should also be taken into account. These include the potential for poor natural resource management, coupled with weak governance, to lead to further grievances and recruitment. Since natural resource management takes place at the local, regional and national levels, there are multiple opportunities to work cooperatively with relevant stakeholders during DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1410, "Sentence":"Through sound management, individuals and societies can employ natural resources in ways that secure livelihoods, generate tax revenues, stimulate exports, and engage the private sector in employment-creation purposes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources sound management individual society employ natural resource way secure livelihood generate tax revenue stimulate export engage private sector employmentcreation purpose ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When well-managed, natural resources have the potential to support sustainable peace, development, and to address long-standing grievances. However, there is also mounting evidence that in many violent conflicts worldwide there is a strong link between armed conflict and weak governance or mismanagement of natural resources, dynamics which also contribute to violent conflict.3Over the past 60 years at least 40 percent of all intrastate conflicts were linked to natural resources.4 Furthermore, conflicts where natural resources are implicated have been shown to be more likely to relapse within five years.5 Looking back over the history of UN peacekeeping operations, nearly twenty missions have been deployed to conflicts fuelled or financed by natural resources, yet only a few of these missions have had a direct mandate to tackle natural resource challenges. However, the United Nations recognizes the need to incorporate the environment and natural resource dimensions of conflict and peacebuilding along the entire peace continuum, as evidenced in the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework, the Humanitarian Response Plan and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework across multiple settings.6Although evident risks exist, natural resource management also has the potential to enable sustainable peace, including through sustainable development that contributes to job creation, reduced grievances, and equitable sharing of benefits from natural resources. Through sound management, individuals and societies can employ natural resources in ways that secure livelihoods, generate tax revenues, stimulate exports, and engage the private sector in employment-creation purposes. Furthermore, natural resource management provides both temporary (Track A) and more sustainable (Track B) employment opportunities, as outlined in the United Nations Post Conflict Policy for Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration.In DDR contexts where strong governance is present, policy processes may specifically target natural resource sectors - including forestry, mining and conservation - to support job creation for long-term sustainable peace. Since natural resources underpin livelihoods for the vast majority of populations in post-conflict contexts, DDR practitioners should ensure to analyze any ways in which special-needs groups - such as women, youth, persons with disabilities or different vulnerable populations - can safely access and productively use natural resources. Gender issues in particular are crucial for sustainability and efficiency in economic recovery when it comes to natural resource management as gender norms in society can affect the division of labour between men and women and the distribution of capital assets, including land, credit, skills and participation in decision making, often negatively impacting women. Gender can also impact whether natural resources can be accessed and used safely; for example, the provisioning of essential natural resources for daily subsistence by women and girls, such as gathering firewood or charcoal, often puts them at risk for sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV).7 In other cases, the physical strength needed to work in natural resource management sectors can prohibit women from accessing these kinds of economic opportunities (e.g., certain roles in the forestry or mining sectors).In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources can play an important role in supporting successful social reintegration and reconciliation through community-based approaches to natural resource management, including promoting access to grievance- and dispute-resolution mechanisms. To ensure that growth in natural resource management sectors will contribute positively to peace efforts, DDR practitioners shall undertake all necessary efforts to understand the risks and opportunities presented by natural resource management and fully analyze and incorporate them into process planning, design and implementation. The linkages between organized criminal groups, armed forces and groups and illicit trade - including implications of local community actors - should also be taken into account. These include the potential for poor natural resource management, coupled with weak governance, to lead to further grievances and recruitment. Since natural resource management takes place at the local, regional and national levels, there are multiple opportunities to work cooperatively with relevant stakeholders during DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1410, "Sentence":"Furthermore, natural resource management provides both temporary (Track A) and more sustainable (Track B) employment opportunities, as outlined in the United Nations Post Conflict Policy for Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration.In DDR contexts where strong governance is present, policy processes may specifically target natural resource sectors - including forestry, mining and conservation - to support job creation for long-term sustainable peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources furthermore natural resource management provides temporary track sustainable track b employment opportunity outlined united nation post conflict policy employment creation income generation reintegration.in ddr context strong governance present policy process may specifically target natural resource sector including forestry mining conservation support job creation longterm sustainable peace ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When well-managed, natural resources have the potential to support sustainable peace, development, and to address long-standing grievances. However, there is also mounting evidence that in many violent conflicts worldwide there is a strong link between armed conflict and weak governance or mismanagement of natural resources, dynamics which also contribute to violent conflict.3Over the past 60 years at least 40 percent of all intrastate conflicts were linked to natural resources.4 Furthermore, conflicts where natural resources are implicated have been shown to be more likely to relapse within five years.5 Looking back over the history of UN peacekeeping operations, nearly twenty missions have been deployed to conflicts fuelled or financed by natural resources, yet only a few of these missions have had a direct mandate to tackle natural resource challenges. However, the United Nations recognizes the need to incorporate the environment and natural resource dimensions of conflict and peacebuilding along the entire peace continuum, as evidenced in the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework, the Humanitarian Response Plan and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework across multiple settings.6Although evident risks exist, natural resource management also has the potential to enable sustainable peace, including through sustainable development that contributes to job creation, reduced grievances, and equitable sharing of benefits from natural resources. Through sound management, individuals and societies can employ natural resources in ways that secure livelihoods, generate tax revenues, stimulate exports, and engage the private sector in employment-creation purposes. Furthermore, natural resource management provides both temporary (Track A) and more sustainable (Track B) employment opportunities, as outlined in the United Nations Post Conflict Policy for Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration.In DDR contexts where strong governance is present, policy processes may specifically target natural resource sectors - including forestry, mining and conservation - to support job creation for long-term sustainable peace. Since natural resources underpin livelihoods for the vast majority of populations in post-conflict contexts, DDR practitioners should ensure to analyze any ways in which special-needs groups - such as women, youth, persons with disabilities or different vulnerable populations - can safely access and productively use natural resources. Gender issues in particular are crucial for sustainability and efficiency in economic recovery when it comes to natural resource management as gender norms in society can affect the division of labour between men and women and the distribution of capital assets, including land, credit, skills and participation in decision making, often negatively impacting women. Gender can also impact whether natural resources can be accessed and used safely; for example, the provisioning of essential natural resources for daily subsistence by women and girls, such as gathering firewood or charcoal, often puts them at risk for sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV).7 In other cases, the physical strength needed to work in natural resource management sectors can prohibit women from accessing these kinds of economic opportunities (e.g., certain roles in the forestry or mining sectors).In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources can play an important role in supporting successful social reintegration and reconciliation through community-based approaches to natural resource management, including promoting access to grievance- and dispute-resolution mechanisms. To ensure that growth in natural resource management sectors will contribute positively to peace efforts, DDR practitioners shall undertake all necessary efforts to understand the risks and opportunities presented by natural resource management and fully analyze and incorporate them into process planning, design and implementation. The linkages between organized criminal groups, armed forces and groups and illicit trade - including implications of local community actors - should also be taken into account. These include the potential for poor natural resource management, coupled with weak governance, to lead to further grievances and recruitment. Since natural resource management takes place at the local, regional and national levels, there are multiple opportunities to work cooperatively with relevant stakeholders during DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1410, "Sentence":"Since natural resources underpin livelihoods for the vast majority of populations in post-conflict contexts, DDR practitioners should ensure to analyze any ways in which special-needs groups - such as women, youth, persons with disabilities or different vulnerable populations - can safely access and productively use natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources since natural resource underpin livelihood vast majority population postconflict context ddr practitioner ensure analyze way specialneeds group woman youth person disability different vulnerable population safely access productively use natural resource ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When well-managed, natural resources have the potential to support sustainable peace, development, and to address long-standing grievances. However, there is also mounting evidence that in many violent conflicts worldwide there is a strong link between armed conflict and weak governance or mismanagement of natural resources, dynamics which also contribute to violent conflict.3Over the past 60 years at least 40 percent of all intrastate conflicts were linked to natural resources.4 Furthermore, conflicts where natural resources are implicated have been shown to be more likely to relapse within five years.5 Looking back over the history of UN peacekeeping operations, nearly twenty missions have been deployed to conflicts fuelled or financed by natural resources, yet only a few of these missions have had a direct mandate to tackle natural resource challenges. However, the United Nations recognizes the need to incorporate the environment and natural resource dimensions of conflict and peacebuilding along the entire peace continuum, as evidenced in the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework, the Humanitarian Response Plan and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework across multiple settings.6Although evident risks exist, natural resource management also has the potential to enable sustainable peace, including through sustainable development that contributes to job creation, reduced grievances, and equitable sharing of benefits from natural resources. Through sound management, individuals and societies can employ natural resources in ways that secure livelihoods, generate tax revenues, stimulate exports, and engage the private sector in employment-creation purposes. Furthermore, natural resource management provides both temporary (Track A) and more sustainable (Track B) employment opportunities, as outlined in the United Nations Post Conflict Policy for Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration.In DDR contexts where strong governance is present, policy processes may specifically target natural resource sectors - including forestry, mining and conservation - to support job creation for long-term sustainable peace. Since natural resources underpin livelihoods for the vast majority of populations in post-conflict contexts, DDR practitioners should ensure to analyze any ways in which special-needs groups - such as women, youth, persons with disabilities or different vulnerable populations - can safely access and productively use natural resources. Gender issues in particular are crucial for sustainability and efficiency in economic recovery when it comes to natural resource management as gender norms in society can affect the division of labour between men and women and the distribution of capital assets, including land, credit, skills and participation in decision making, often negatively impacting women. Gender can also impact whether natural resources can be accessed and used safely; for example, the provisioning of essential natural resources for daily subsistence by women and girls, such as gathering firewood or charcoal, often puts them at risk for sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV).7 In other cases, the physical strength needed to work in natural resource management sectors can prohibit women from accessing these kinds of economic opportunities (e.g., certain roles in the forestry or mining sectors).In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources can play an important role in supporting successful social reintegration and reconciliation through community-based approaches to natural resource management, including promoting access to grievance- and dispute-resolution mechanisms. To ensure that growth in natural resource management sectors will contribute positively to peace efforts, DDR practitioners shall undertake all necessary efforts to understand the risks and opportunities presented by natural resource management and fully analyze and incorporate them into process planning, design and implementation. The linkages between organized criminal groups, armed forces and groups and illicit trade - including implications of local community actors - should also be taken into account. These include the potential for poor natural resource management, coupled with weak governance, to lead to further grievances and recruitment. Since natural resource management takes place at the local, regional and national levels, there are multiple opportunities to work cooperatively with relevant stakeholders during DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1410, "Sentence":"Gender issues in particular are crucial for sustainability and efficiency in economic recovery when it comes to natural resource management as gender norms in society can affect the division of labour between men and women and the distribution of capital assets, including land, credit, skills and participation in decision making, often negatively impacting women.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources gender issue particular crucial sustainability efficiency economic recovery come natural resource management gender norm society affect division labour men woman distribution capital asset including land credit skill participation decision making often negatively impacting woman ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When well-managed, natural resources have the potential to support sustainable peace, development, and to address long-standing grievances. However, there is also mounting evidence that in many violent conflicts worldwide there is a strong link between armed conflict and weak governance or mismanagement of natural resources, dynamics which also contribute to violent conflict.3Over the past 60 years at least 40 percent of all intrastate conflicts were linked to natural resources.4 Furthermore, conflicts where natural resources are implicated have been shown to be more likely to relapse within five years.5 Looking back over the history of UN peacekeeping operations, nearly twenty missions have been deployed to conflicts fuelled or financed by natural resources, yet only a few of these missions have had a direct mandate to tackle natural resource challenges. However, the United Nations recognizes the need to incorporate the environment and natural resource dimensions of conflict and peacebuilding along the entire peace continuum, as evidenced in the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework, the Humanitarian Response Plan and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework across multiple settings.6Although evident risks exist, natural resource management also has the potential to enable sustainable peace, including through sustainable development that contributes to job creation, reduced grievances, and equitable sharing of benefits from natural resources. Through sound management, individuals and societies can employ natural resources in ways that secure livelihoods, generate tax revenues, stimulate exports, and engage the private sector in employment-creation purposes. Furthermore, natural resource management provides both temporary (Track A) and more sustainable (Track B) employment opportunities, as outlined in the United Nations Post Conflict Policy for Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration.In DDR contexts where strong governance is present, policy processes may specifically target natural resource sectors - including forestry, mining and conservation - to support job creation for long-term sustainable peace. Since natural resources underpin livelihoods for the vast majority of populations in post-conflict contexts, DDR practitioners should ensure to analyze any ways in which special-needs groups - such as women, youth, persons with disabilities or different vulnerable populations - can safely access and productively use natural resources. Gender issues in particular are crucial for sustainability and efficiency in economic recovery when it comes to natural resource management as gender norms in society can affect the division of labour between men and women and the distribution of capital assets, including land, credit, skills and participation in decision making, often negatively impacting women. Gender can also impact whether natural resources can be accessed and used safely; for example, the provisioning of essential natural resources for daily subsistence by women and girls, such as gathering firewood or charcoal, often puts them at risk for sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV).7 In other cases, the physical strength needed to work in natural resource management sectors can prohibit women from accessing these kinds of economic opportunities (e.g., certain roles in the forestry or mining sectors).In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources can play an important role in supporting successful social reintegration and reconciliation through community-based approaches to natural resource management, including promoting access to grievance- and dispute-resolution mechanisms. To ensure that growth in natural resource management sectors will contribute positively to peace efforts, DDR practitioners shall undertake all necessary efforts to understand the risks and opportunities presented by natural resource management and fully analyze and incorporate them into process planning, design and implementation. The linkages between organized criminal groups, armed forces and groups and illicit trade - including implications of local community actors - should also be taken into account. These include the potential for poor natural resource management, coupled with weak governance, to lead to further grievances and recruitment. Since natural resource management takes place at the local, regional and national levels, there are multiple opportunities to work cooperatively with relevant stakeholders during DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1410, "Sentence":"Gender can also impact whether natural resources can be accessed and used safely; for example, the provisioning of essential natural resources for daily subsistence by women and girls, such as gathering firewood or charcoal, often puts them at risk for sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV).7 In other cases, the physical strength needed to work in natural resource management sectors can prohibit women from accessing these kinds of economic opportunities (e.g., certain roles in the forestry or mining sectors).In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources can play an important role in supporting successful social reintegration and reconciliation through community-based approaches to natural resource management, including promoting access to grievance- and dispute-resolution mechanisms.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources gender also impact whether natural resource accessed used safely example provisioning essential natural resource daily subsistence woman girl gathering firewood charcoal often put risk sexual genderbased violence sgbv.7 case physical strength needed work natural resource management sector prohibit woman accessing kind economic opportunity e.g . certain role forestry mining sectors.in addition economic benefit natural resource play important role supporting successful social reintegration reconciliation communitybased approach natural resource management including promoting access grievance disputeresolution mechanism ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When well-managed, natural resources have the potential to support sustainable peace, development, and to address long-standing grievances. However, there is also mounting evidence that in many violent conflicts worldwide there is a strong link between armed conflict and weak governance or mismanagement of natural resources, dynamics which also contribute to violent conflict.3Over the past 60 years at least 40 percent of all intrastate conflicts were linked to natural resources.4 Furthermore, conflicts where natural resources are implicated have been shown to be more likely to relapse within five years.5 Looking back over the history of UN peacekeeping operations, nearly twenty missions have been deployed to conflicts fuelled or financed by natural resources, yet only a few of these missions have had a direct mandate to tackle natural resource challenges. However, the United Nations recognizes the need to incorporate the environment and natural resource dimensions of conflict and peacebuilding along the entire peace continuum, as evidenced in the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework, the Humanitarian Response Plan and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework across multiple settings.6Although evident risks exist, natural resource management also has the potential to enable sustainable peace, including through sustainable development that contributes to job creation, reduced grievances, and equitable sharing of benefits from natural resources. Through sound management, individuals and societies can employ natural resources in ways that secure livelihoods, generate tax revenues, stimulate exports, and engage the private sector in employment-creation purposes. Furthermore, natural resource management provides both temporary (Track A) and more sustainable (Track B) employment opportunities, as outlined in the United Nations Post Conflict Policy for Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration.In DDR contexts where strong governance is present, policy processes may specifically target natural resource sectors - including forestry, mining and conservation - to support job creation for long-term sustainable peace. Since natural resources underpin livelihoods for the vast majority of populations in post-conflict contexts, DDR practitioners should ensure to analyze any ways in which special-needs groups - such as women, youth, persons with disabilities or different vulnerable populations - can safely access and productively use natural resources. Gender issues in particular are crucial for sustainability and efficiency in economic recovery when it comes to natural resource management as gender norms in society can affect the division of labour between men and women and the distribution of capital assets, including land, credit, skills and participation in decision making, often negatively impacting women. Gender can also impact whether natural resources can be accessed and used safely; for example, the provisioning of essential natural resources for daily subsistence by women and girls, such as gathering firewood or charcoal, often puts them at risk for sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV).7 In other cases, the physical strength needed to work in natural resource management sectors can prohibit women from accessing these kinds of economic opportunities (e.g., certain roles in the forestry or mining sectors).In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources can play an important role in supporting successful social reintegration and reconciliation through community-based approaches to natural resource management, including promoting access to grievance- and dispute-resolution mechanisms. To ensure that growth in natural resource management sectors will contribute positively to peace efforts, DDR practitioners shall undertake all necessary efforts to understand the risks and opportunities presented by natural resource management and fully analyze and incorporate them into process planning, design and implementation. The linkages between organized criminal groups, armed forces and groups and illicit trade - including implications of local community actors - should also be taken into account. These include the potential for poor natural resource management, coupled with weak governance, to lead to further grievances and recruitment. Since natural resource management takes place at the local, regional and national levels, there are multiple opportunities to work cooperatively with relevant stakeholders during DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1410, "Sentence":"To ensure that growth in natural resource management sectors will contribute positively to peace efforts, DDR practitioners shall undertake all necessary efforts to understand the risks and opportunities presented by natural resource management and fully analyze and incorporate them into process planning, design and implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ensure growth natural resource management sector contribute positively peace effort ddr practitioner shall undertake necessary effort understand risk opportunity presented natural resource management fully analyze incorporate process planning design implementation ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When well-managed, natural resources have the potential to support sustainable peace, development, and to address long-standing grievances. However, there is also mounting evidence that in many violent conflicts worldwide there is a strong link between armed conflict and weak governance or mismanagement of natural resources, dynamics which also contribute to violent conflict.3Over the past 60 years at least 40 percent of all intrastate conflicts were linked to natural resources.4 Furthermore, conflicts where natural resources are implicated have been shown to be more likely to relapse within five years.5 Looking back over the history of UN peacekeeping operations, nearly twenty missions have been deployed to conflicts fuelled or financed by natural resources, yet only a few of these missions have had a direct mandate to tackle natural resource challenges. However, the United Nations recognizes the need to incorporate the environment and natural resource dimensions of conflict and peacebuilding along the entire peace continuum, as evidenced in the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework, the Humanitarian Response Plan and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework across multiple settings.6Although evident risks exist, natural resource management also has the potential to enable sustainable peace, including through sustainable development that contributes to job creation, reduced grievances, and equitable sharing of benefits from natural resources. Through sound management, individuals and societies can employ natural resources in ways that secure livelihoods, generate tax revenues, stimulate exports, and engage the private sector in employment-creation purposes. Furthermore, natural resource management provides both temporary (Track A) and more sustainable (Track B) employment opportunities, as outlined in the United Nations Post Conflict Policy for Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration.In DDR contexts where strong governance is present, policy processes may specifically target natural resource sectors - including forestry, mining and conservation - to support job creation for long-term sustainable peace. Since natural resources underpin livelihoods for the vast majority of populations in post-conflict contexts, DDR practitioners should ensure to analyze any ways in which special-needs groups - such as women, youth, persons with disabilities or different vulnerable populations - can safely access and productively use natural resources. Gender issues in particular are crucial for sustainability and efficiency in economic recovery when it comes to natural resource management as gender norms in society can affect the division of labour between men and women and the distribution of capital assets, including land, credit, skills and participation in decision making, often negatively impacting women. Gender can also impact whether natural resources can be accessed and used safely; for example, the provisioning of essential natural resources for daily subsistence by women and girls, such as gathering firewood or charcoal, often puts them at risk for sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV).7 In other cases, the physical strength needed to work in natural resource management sectors can prohibit women from accessing these kinds of economic opportunities (e.g., certain roles in the forestry or mining sectors).In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources can play an important role in supporting successful social reintegration and reconciliation through community-based approaches to natural resource management, including promoting access to grievance- and dispute-resolution mechanisms. To ensure that growth in natural resource management sectors will contribute positively to peace efforts, DDR practitioners shall undertake all necessary efforts to understand the risks and opportunities presented by natural resource management and fully analyze and incorporate them into process planning, design and implementation. The linkages between organized criminal groups, armed forces and groups and illicit trade - including implications of local community actors - should also be taken into account. These include the potential for poor natural resource management, coupled with weak governance, to lead to further grievances and recruitment. Since natural resource management takes place at the local, regional and national levels, there are multiple opportunities to work cooperatively with relevant stakeholders during DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1410, "Sentence":"The linkages between organized criminal groups, armed forces and groups and illicit trade - including implications of local community actors - should also be taken into account.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources linkage organized criminal group armed force group illicit trade including implication local community actor also taken account ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When well-managed, natural resources have the potential to support sustainable peace, development, and to address long-standing grievances. However, there is also mounting evidence that in many violent conflicts worldwide there is a strong link between armed conflict and weak governance or mismanagement of natural resources, dynamics which also contribute to violent conflict.3Over the past 60 years at least 40 percent of all intrastate conflicts were linked to natural resources.4 Furthermore, conflicts where natural resources are implicated have been shown to be more likely to relapse within five years.5 Looking back over the history of UN peacekeeping operations, nearly twenty missions have been deployed to conflicts fuelled or financed by natural resources, yet only a few of these missions have had a direct mandate to tackle natural resource challenges. However, the United Nations recognizes the need to incorporate the environment and natural resource dimensions of conflict and peacebuilding along the entire peace continuum, as evidenced in the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework, the Humanitarian Response Plan and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework across multiple settings.6Although evident risks exist, natural resource management also has the potential to enable sustainable peace, including through sustainable development that contributes to job creation, reduced grievances, and equitable sharing of benefits from natural resources. Through sound management, individuals and societies can employ natural resources in ways that secure livelihoods, generate tax revenues, stimulate exports, and engage the private sector in employment-creation purposes. Furthermore, natural resource management provides both temporary (Track A) and more sustainable (Track B) employment opportunities, as outlined in the United Nations Post Conflict Policy for Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration.In DDR contexts where strong governance is present, policy processes may specifically target natural resource sectors - including forestry, mining and conservation - to support job creation for long-term sustainable peace. Since natural resources underpin livelihoods for the vast majority of populations in post-conflict contexts, DDR practitioners should ensure to analyze any ways in which special-needs groups - such as women, youth, persons with disabilities or different vulnerable populations - can safely access and productively use natural resources. Gender issues in particular are crucial for sustainability and efficiency in economic recovery when it comes to natural resource management as gender norms in society can affect the division of labour between men and women and the distribution of capital assets, including land, credit, skills and participation in decision making, often negatively impacting women. Gender can also impact whether natural resources can be accessed and used safely; for example, the provisioning of essential natural resources for daily subsistence by women and girls, such as gathering firewood or charcoal, often puts them at risk for sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV).7 In other cases, the physical strength needed to work in natural resource management sectors can prohibit women from accessing these kinds of economic opportunities (e.g., certain roles in the forestry or mining sectors).In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources can play an important role in supporting successful social reintegration and reconciliation through community-based approaches to natural resource management, including promoting access to grievance- and dispute-resolution mechanisms. To ensure that growth in natural resource management sectors will contribute positively to peace efforts, DDR practitioners shall undertake all necessary efforts to understand the risks and opportunities presented by natural resource management and fully analyze and incorporate them into process planning, design and implementation. The linkages between organized criminal groups, armed forces and groups and illicit trade - including implications of local community actors - should also be taken into account. These include the potential for poor natural resource management, coupled with weak governance, to lead to further grievances and recruitment. Since natural resource management takes place at the local, regional and national levels, there are multiple opportunities to work cooperatively with relevant stakeholders during DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1410, "Sentence":"These include the potential for poor natural resource management, coupled with weak governance, to lead to further grievances and recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources include potential poor natural resource management coupled weak governance lead grievance recruitment ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"When well-managed, natural resources have the potential to support sustainable peace, development, and to address long-standing grievances. However, there is also mounting evidence that in many violent conflicts worldwide there is a strong link between armed conflict and weak governance or mismanagement of natural resources, dynamics which also contribute to violent conflict.3Over the past 60 years at least 40 percent of all intrastate conflicts were linked to natural resources.4 Furthermore, conflicts where natural resources are implicated have been shown to be more likely to relapse within five years.5 Looking back over the history of UN peacekeeping operations, nearly twenty missions have been deployed to conflicts fuelled or financed by natural resources, yet only a few of these missions have had a direct mandate to tackle natural resource challenges. However, the United Nations recognizes the need to incorporate the environment and natural resource dimensions of conflict and peacebuilding along the entire peace continuum, as evidenced in the UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework, the Humanitarian Response Plan and\/or the Integrated Strategic Framework across multiple settings.6Although evident risks exist, natural resource management also has the potential to enable sustainable peace, including through sustainable development that contributes to job creation, reduced grievances, and equitable sharing of benefits from natural resources. Through sound management, individuals and societies can employ natural resources in ways that secure livelihoods, generate tax revenues, stimulate exports, and engage the private sector in employment-creation purposes. Furthermore, natural resource management provides both temporary (Track A) and more sustainable (Track B) employment opportunities, as outlined in the United Nations Post Conflict Policy for Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration.In DDR contexts where strong governance is present, policy processes may specifically target natural resource sectors - including forestry, mining and conservation - to support job creation for long-term sustainable peace. Since natural resources underpin livelihoods for the vast majority of populations in post-conflict contexts, DDR practitioners should ensure to analyze any ways in which special-needs groups - such as women, youth, persons with disabilities or different vulnerable populations - can safely access and productively use natural resources. Gender issues in particular are crucial for sustainability and efficiency in economic recovery when it comes to natural resource management as gender norms in society can affect the division of labour between men and women and the distribution of capital assets, including land, credit, skills and participation in decision making, often negatively impacting women. Gender can also impact whether natural resources can be accessed and used safely; for example, the provisioning of essential natural resources for daily subsistence by women and girls, such as gathering firewood or charcoal, often puts them at risk for sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV).7 In other cases, the physical strength needed to work in natural resource management sectors can prohibit women from accessing these kinds of economic opportunities (e.g., certain roles in the forestry or mining sectors).In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources can play an important role in supporting successful social reintegration and reconciliation through community-based approaches to natural resource management, including promoting access to grievance- and dispute-resolution mechanisms. To ensure that growth in natural resource management sectors will contribute positively to peace efforts, DDR practitioners shall undertake all necessary efforts to understand the risks and opportunities presented by natural resource management and fully analyze and incorporate them into process planning, design and implementation. The linkages between organized criminal groups, armed forces and groups and illicit trade - including implications of local community actors - should also be taken into account. These include the potential for poor natural resource management, coupled with weak governance, to lead to further grievances and recruitment. Since natural resource management takes place at the local, regional and national levels, there are multiple opportunities to work cooperatively with relevant stakeholders during DDR processes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1410, "Sentence":"Since natural resource management takes place at the local, regional and national levels, there are multiple opportunities to work cooperatively with relevant stakeholders during DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources since natural resource management take place local regional national level multiple opportunity work cooperatively relevant stakeholder ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to the linkages between DDR and natural resource management.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1411, "Sentence":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr set main principle guide aspect ddr process ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to the linkages between DDR and natural resource management.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1411, "Sentence":"This section outlines how these principles apply to the linkages between DDR and natural resource management.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources section outline principle apply linkage ddr natural resource management ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 People-centred", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Natural resources can be used to support or to undermine development and sustainable peace. Ultimately, natural resources are part of the naturally protected rights of the citizens of any sovereign nation and DDR practitioners must seek to protect and respect these rights in accordance with relevant international and national laws and policies (including customary law). In particular, DDR practitioners shall seek advice from human rights officers, rule of law or other experts in natural resource management, especially if the land and other rights of indigenous or otherwise marginalized communities are potentially affected.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1412, "Sentence":"Natural resources can be used to support or to undermine development and sustainable peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources natural resource used support undermine development sustainable peace ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 People-centred", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Natural resources can be used to support or to undermine development and sustainable peace. Ultimately, natural resources are part of the naturally protected rights of the citizens of any sovereign nation and DDR practitioners must seek to protect and respect these rights in accordance with relevant international and national laws and policies (including customary law). In particular, DDR practitioners shall seek advice from human rights officers, rule of law or other experts in natural resource management, especially if the land and other rights of indigenous or otherwise marginalized communities are potentially affected.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1412, "Sentence":"Ultimately, natural resources are part of the naturally protected rights of the citizens of any sovereign nation and DDR practitioners must seek to protect and respect these rights in accordance with relevant international and national laws and policies (including customary law).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ultimately natural resource part naturally protected right citizen sovereign nation ddr practitioner must seek protect respect right accordance relevant international national law policy including customary law ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.1 People-centred", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Natural resources can be used to support or to undermine development and sustainable peace. Ultimately, natural resources are part of the naturally protected rights of the citizens of any sovereign nation and DDR practitioners must seek to protect and respect these rights in accordance with relevant international and national laws and policies (including customary law). In particular, DDR practitioners shall seek advice from human rights officers, rule of law or other experts in natural resource management, especially if the land and other rights of indigenous or otherwise marginalized communities are potentially affected.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1412, "Sentence":"In particular, DDR practitioners shall seek advice from human rights officers, rule of law or other experts in natural resource management, especially if the land and other rights of indigenous or otherwise marginalized communities are potentially affected.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources particular ddr practitioner shall seek advice human right officer rule law expert natural resource management especially land right indigenous otherwise marginalized community potentially affected ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Equitable participation and access to natural resource-related opportunities and benefits shall be ensured for women, men, girls and boys, regardless of their ethnicity, sexual orientation and other intersecting factors. For DDR practitioners, a special emphasis should be placed on helping to secure tenure and access to land and other resources within existing or proposed frameworks for women and girls, since this is shown to be key to their successful reintegration, as well as to providing both male and female DDR participants and beneficiaries with equitable access to economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource management sectors.8 As part of DDR assessments, a specific gender analysis - carried out in consultation with both female and male participants and community members in their preferred language - should be undertaken in order to map the gender-specific roles and responsibilities in natural resource management and gender division of labour as well as associated risks and protection concerns. Based on the analysis, DDR practitioners shall promote the equal participation and decision-making opportunities of female and male participants and beneficiaries in natural resource management.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1413, "Sentence":"Equitable participation and access to natural resource-related opportunities and benefits shall be ensured for women, men, girls and boys, regardless of their ethnicity, sexual orientation and other intersecting factors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources equitable participation access natural resourcerelated opportunity benefit shall ensured woman men girl boy regardless ethnicity sexual orientation intersecting factor ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Equitable participation and access to natural resource-related opportunities and benefits shall be ensured for women, men, girls and boys, regardless of their ethnicity, sexual orientation and other intersecting factors. For DDR practitioners, a special emphasis should be placed on helping to secure tenure and access to land and other resources within existing or proposed frameworks for women and girls, since this is shown to be key to their successful reintegration, as well as to providing both male and female DDR participants and beneficiaries with equitable access to economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource management sectors.8 As part of DDR assessments, a specific gender analysis - carried out in consultation with both female and male participants and community members in their preferred language - should be undertaken in order to map the gender-specific roles and responsibilities in natural resource management and gender division of labour as well as associated risks and protection concerns. Based on the analysis, DDR practitioners shall promote the equal participation and decision-making opportunities of female and male participants and beneficiaries in natural resource management.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1413, "Sentence":"For DDR practitioners, a special emphasis should be placed on helping to secure tenure and access to land and other resources within existing or proposed frameworks for women and girls, since this is shown to be key to their successful reintegration, as well as to providing both male and female DDR participants and beneficiaries with equitable access to economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource management sectors.8 As part of DDR assessments, a specific gender analysis - carried out in consultation with both female and male participants and community members in their preferred language - should be undertaken in order to map the gender-specific roles and responsibilities in natural resource management and gender division of labour as well as associated risks and protection concerns.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner special emphasis placed helping secure tenure access land resource within existing proposed framework woman girl since shown key successful reintegration well providing male female ddr participant beneficiary equitable access economic reintegration opportunity natural resource management sectors.8 part ddr assessment specific gender analysis carried consultation female male participant community member preferred language undertaken order map genderspecific role responsibility natural resource management gender division labour well associated risk protection concern ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.2 Gender responsive and inclusive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Equitable participation and access to natural resource-related opportunities and benefits shall be ensured for women, men, girls and boys, regardless of their ethnicity, sexual orientation and other intersecting factors. For DDR practitioners, a special emphasis should be placed on helping to secure tenure and access to land and other resources within existing or proposed frameworks for women and girls, since this is shown to be key to their successful reintegration, as well as to providing both male and female DDR participants and beneficiaries with equitable access to economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource management sectors.8 As part of DDR assessments, a specific gender analysis - carried out in consultation with both female and male participants and community members in their preferred language - should be undertaken in order to map the gender-specific roles and responsibilities in natural resource management and gender division of labour as well as associated risks and protection concerns. Based on the analysis, DDR practitioners shall promote the equal participation and decision-making opportunities of female and male participants and beneficiaries in natural resource management.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1413, "Sentence":"Based on the analysis, DDR practitioners shall promote the equal participation and decision-making opportunities of female and male participants and beneficiaries in natural resource management.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources based analysis ddr practitioner shall promote equal participation decisionmaking opportunity female male participant beneficiary natural resource management ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 2.10, \u201cdo no harm\u201d is a standard principle against which all DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support shall be evaluated at all times. In the case of natural resources, DDR practitioners shall ensure that they are not implementing or encouraging practices that will threaten the long-term sustainability of natural resources and the livelihoods that depend on them. They should further seek to ensure that they will not contribute to potential environment- related health problems for affected populations; this is particularly important when considering water resources, land allocation and increase in demand for natural resources by development programmes or aid groups (such as increased demand for charcoal, timber, etc. without proper natural resource management measures in place).9Finally, DDR practitioners should approach natural resource issues with conflict sensitivity to ensure that interventions do not exacerbate conflict or grievances around natural resources or other existing community tensions or grievances (such as those based on ethnic, religious, racial or other dimensions), contribute to any environmental damage, and are equipped to deal with potential tensions related to natural resource management. In particular, sectors targeted by reintegration programmes should be carefully analysed to ensure that interventions will not cause further grievances or aggravate existing tensions between communities; this may include encouraging grievance- and dispute-resolution mechanisms to be put in place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1414, "Sentence":"As outlined in IDDRS 2.10, \u201cdo no harm\u201d is a standard principle against which all DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support shall be evaluated at all times.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources outlined iddrs 2.10 \u201c harm \u201d standard principle ddr programme ddrrelated tool reintegration support shall evaluated time ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 2.10, \u201cdo no harm\u201d is a standard principle against which all DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support shall be evaluated at all times. In the case of natural resources, DDR practitioners shall ensure that they are not implementing or encouraging practices that will threaten the long-term sustainability of natural resources and the livelihoods that depend on them. They should further seek to ensure that they will not contribute to potential environment- related health problems for affected populations; this is particularly important when considering water resources, land allocation and increase in demand for natural resources by development programmes or aid groups (such as increased demand for charcoal, timber, etc. without proper natural resource management measures in place).9Finally, DDR practitioners should approach natural resource issues with conflict sensitivity to ensure that interventions do not exacerbate conflict or grievances around natural resources or other existing community tensions or grievances (such as those based on ethnic, religious, racial or other dimensions), contribute to any environmental damage, and are equipped to deal with potential tensions related to natural resource management. In particular, sectors targeted by reintegration programmes should be carefully analysed to ensure that interventions will not cause further grievances or aggravate existing tensions between communities; this may include encouraging grievance- and dispute-resolution mechanisms to be put in place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1414, "Sentence":"In the case of natural resources, DDR practitioners shall ensure that they are not implementing or encouraging practices that will threaten the long-term sustainability of natural resources and the livelihoods that depend on them.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources case natural resource ddr practitioner shall ensure implementing encouraging practice threaten longterm sustainability natural resource livelihood depend ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 2.10, \u201cdo no harm\u201d is a standard principle against which all DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support shall be evaluated at all times. In the case of natural resources, DDR practitioners shall ensure that they are not implementing or encouraging practices that will threaten the long-term sustainability of natural resources and the livelihoods that depend on them. They should further seek to ensure that they will not contribute to potential environment- related health problems for affected populations; this is particularly important when considering water resources, land allocation and increase in demand for natural resources by development programmes or aid groups (such as increased demand for charcoal, timber, etc. without proper natural resource management measures in place).9Finally, DDR practitioners should approach natural resource issues with conflict sensitivity to ensure that interventions do not exacerbate conflict or grievances around natural resources or other existing community tensions or grievances (such as those based on ethnic, religious, racial or other dimensions), contribute to any environmental damage, and are equipped to deal with potential tensions related to natural resource management. In particular, sectors targeted by reintegration programmes should be carefully analysed to ensure that interventions will not cause further grievances or aggravate existing tensions between communities; this may include encouraging grievance- and dispute-resolution mechanisms to be put in place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1414, "Sentence":"They should further seek to ensure that they will not contribute to potential environment- related health problems for affected populations; this is particularly important when considering water resources, land allocation and increase in demand for natural resources by development programmes or aid groups (such as increased demand for charcoal, timber, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources seek ensure contribute potential environment related health problem affected population particularly important considering water resource land allocation increase demand natural resource development programme aid group increased demand charcoal timber etc ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 2.10, \u201cdo no harm\u201d is a standard principle against which all DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support shall be evaluated at all times. In the case of natural resources, DDR practitioners shall ensure that they are not implementing or encouraging practices that will threaten the long-term sustainability of natural resources and the livelihoods that depend on them. They should further seek to ensure that they will not contribute to potential environment- related health problems for affected populations; this is particularly important when considering water resources, land allocation and increase in demand for natural resources by development programmes or aid groups (such as increased demand for charcoal, timber, etc. without proper natural resource management measures in place).9Finally, DDR practitioners should approach natural resource issues with conflict sensitivity to ensure that interventions do not exacerbate conflict or grievances around natural resources or other existing community tensions or grievances (such as those based on ethnic, religious, racial or other dimensions), contribute to any environmental damage, and are equipped to deal with potential tensions related to natural resource management. In particular, sectors targeted by reintegration programmes should be carefully analysed to ensure that interventions will not cause further grievances or aggravate existing tensions between communities; this may include encouraging grievance- and dispute-resolution mechanisms to be put in place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1414, "Sentence":"without proper natural resource management measures in place).9Finally, DDR practitioners should approach natural resource issues with conflict sensitivity to ensure that interventions do not exacerbate conflict or grievances around natural resources or other existing community tensions or grievances (such as those based on ethnic, religious, racial or other dimensions), contribute to any environmental damage, and are equipped to deal with potential tensions related to natural resource management.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources without proper natural resource management measure place.9finally ddr practitioner approach natural resource issue conflict sensitivity ensure intervention exacerbate conflict grievance around natural resource existing community tension grievance based ethnic religious racial dimension contribute environmental damage equipped deal potential tension related natural resource management ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.3 Conflict sensitive", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"As outlined in IDDRS 2.10, \u201cdo no harm\u201d is a standard principle against which all DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support shall be evaluated at all times. In the case of natural resources, DDR practitioners shall ensure that they are not implementing or encouraging practices that will threaten the long-term sustainability of natural resources and the livelihoods that depend on them. They should further seek to ensure that they will not contribute to potential environment- related health problems for affected populations; this is particularly important when considering water resources, land allocation and increase in demand for natural resources by development programmes or aid groups (such as increased demand for charcoal, timber, etc. without proper natural resource management measures in place).9Finally, DDR practitioners should approach natural resource issues with conflict sensitivity to ensure that interventions do not exacerbate conflict or grievances around natural resources or other existing community tensions or grievances (such as those based on ethnic, religious, racial or other dimensions), contribute to any environmental damage, and are equipped to deal with potential tensions related to natural resource management. In particular, sectors targeted by reintegration programmes should be carefully analysed to ensure that interventions will not cause further grievances or aggravate existing tensions between communities; this may include encouraging grievance- and dispute-resolution mechanisms to be put in place.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1414, "Sentence":"In particular, sectors targeted by reintegration programmes should be carefully analysed to ensure that interventions will not cause further grievances or aggravate existing tensions between communities; this may include encouraging grievance- and dispute-resolution mechanisms to be put in place.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources particular sector targeted reintegration programme carefully analysed ensure intervention cause grievance aggravate existing tension community may include encouraging grievance disputeresolution mechanism put place ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall be context-specific to reflect both the nature of the conflict and the role of natural resources in the conflict, taking into account the national, regional and global implications of any activities. The specific role of natural resources should be considered in each context by DDR practitioners, including where natural resources are part of underlying grievances, or where they are being exploited directly by armed forces, groups or organized criminal groups - or by local communities under the auspices of these actors - to control territories or to finance the purchase of weapons and ammunition.DDR practitioners should also consult any local civil society, academic institutions and other expertise that may be available at the local level to inform interventions. Local experts may be included in assessments of all types of local institutions, armed groups, organized criminal groups, and local political activities, as well as in the development and implementation of DDR processes.Where possible and appropriate, DDR processes should seek to adopt livelihoods strategies and employment generation opportunities that respect human rights and the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities, promote sound natural resource management, participatory decision- making, conflict sensitivity and that do not exploit natural resources at unsustainable rates. DDR practitioners should focus on promoting sustainable livelihoods and consider incorporating environmental feasibility studies for any projects based on natural resource exploitation. They should also ensure that post-project impact monitoring and evaluation includes the environment, natural resources and ecosystem services, especially where the latter relates to disaster-risk reduction and resiliency in the face of climate change.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1415, "Sentence":"DDR processes shall be context-specific to reflect both the nature of the conflict and the role of natural resources in the conflict, taking into account the national, regional and global implications of any activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr process shall contextspecific reflect nature conflict role natural resource conflict taking account national regional global implication activity ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall be context-specific to reflect both the nature of the conflict and the role of natural resources in the conflict, taking into account the national, regional and global implications of any activities. The specific role of natural resources should be considered in each context by DDR practitioners, including where natural resources are part of underlying grievances, or where they are being exploited directly by armed forces, groups or organized criminal groups - or by local communities under the auspices of these actors - to control territories or to finance the purchase of weapons and ammunition.DDR practitioners should also consult any local civil society, academic institutions and other expertise that may be available at the local level to inform interventions. Local experts may be included in assessments of all types of local institutions, armed groups, organized criminal groups, and local political activities, as well as in the development and implementation of DDR processes.Where possible and appropriate, DDR processes should seek to adopt livelihoods strategies and employment generation opportunities that respect human rights and the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities, promote sound natural resource management, participatory decision- making, conflict sensitivity and that do not exploit natural resources at unsustainable rates. DDR practitioners should focus on promoting sustainable livelihoods and consider incorporating environmental feasibility studies for any projects based on natural resource exploitation. They should also ensure that post-project impact monitoring and evaluation includes the environment, natural resources and ecosystem services, especially where the latter relates to disaster-risk reduction and resiliency in the face of climate change.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1415, "Sentence":"The specific role of natural resources should be considered in each context by DDR practitioners, including where natural resources are part of underlying grievances, or where they are being exploited directly by armed forces, groups or organized criminal groups - or by local communities under the auspices of these actors - to control territories or to finance the purchase of weapons and ammunition.DDR practitioners should also consult any local civil society, academic institutions and other expertise that may be available at the local level to inform interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources specific role natural resource considered context ddr practitioner including natural resource part underlying grievance exploited directly armed force group organized criminal group local community auspex actor control territory finance purchase weapon ammunition.ddr practitioner also consult local civil society academic institution expertise may available local level inform intervention ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall be context-specific to reflect both the nature of the conflict and the role of natural resources in the conflict, taking into account the national, regional and global implications of any activities. The specific role of natural resources should be considered in each context by DDR practitioners, including where natural resources are part of underlying grievances, or where they are being exploited directly by armed forces, groups or organized criminal groups - or by local communities under the auspices of these actors - to control territories or to finance the purchase of weapons and ammunition.DDR practitioners should also consult any local civil society, academic institutions and other expertise that may be available at the local level to inform interventions. Local experts may be included in assessments of all types of local institutions, armed groups, organized criminal groups, and local political activities, as well as in the development and implementation of DDR processes.Where possible and appropriate, DDR processes should seek to adopt livelihoods strategies and employment generation opportunities that respect human rights and the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities, promote sound natural resource management, participatory decision- making, conflict sensitivity and that do not exploit natural resources at unsustainable rates. DDR practitioners should focus on promoting sustainable livelihoods and consider incorporating environmental feasibility studies for any projects based on natural resource exploitation. They should also ensure that post-project impact monitoring and evaluation includes the environment, natural resources and ecosystem services, especially where the latter relates to disaster-risk reduction and resiliency in the face of climate change.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1415, "Sentence":"Local experts may be included in assessments of all types of local institutions, armed groups, organized criminal groups, and local political activities, as well as in the development and implementation of DDR processes.Where possible and appropriate, DDR processes should seek to adopt livelihoods strategies and employment generation opportunities that respect human rights and the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities, promote sound natural resource management, participatory decision- making, conflict sensitivity and that do not exploit natural resources at unsustainable rates.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources local expert may included assessment type local institution armed group organized criminal group local political activity well development implementation ddr processes.where possible appropriate ddr process seek adopt livelihood strategy employment generation opportunity respect human right right indigenous people local community promote sound natural resource management participatory decision making conflict sensitivity exploit natural resource unsustainable rate ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall be context-specific to reflect both the nature of the conflict and the role of natural resources in the conflict, taking into account the national, regional and global implications of any activities. The specific role of natural resources should be considered in each context by DDR practitioners, including where natural resources are part of underlying grievances, or where they are being exploited directly by armed forces, groups or organized criminal groups - or by local communities under the auspices of these actors - to control territories or to finance the purchase of weapons and ammunition.DDR practitioners should also consult any local civil society, academic institutions and other expertise that may be available at the local level to inform interventions. Local experts may be included in assessments of all types of local institutions, armed groups, organized criminal groups, and local political activities, as well as in the development and implementation of DDR processes.Where possible and appropriate, DDR processes should seek to adopt livelihoods strategies and employment generation opportunities that respect human rights and the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities, promote sound natural resource management, participatory decision- making, conflict sensitivity and that do not exploit natural resources at unsustainable rates. DDR practitioners should focus on promoting sustainable livelihoods and consider incorporating environmental feasibility studies for any projects based on natural resource exploitation. They should also ensure that post-project impact monitoring and evaluation includes the environment, natural resources and ecosystem services, especially where the latter relates to disaster-risk reduction and resiliency in the face of climate change.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1415, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should focus on promoting sustainable livelihoods and consider incorporating environmental feasibility studies for any projects based on natural resource exploitation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner focus promoting sustainable livelihood consider incorporating environmental feasibility study project based natural resource exploitation ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.4 Context specific", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes shall be context-specific to reflect both the nature of the conflict and the role of natural resources in the conflict, taking into account the national, regional and global implications of any activities. The specific role of natural resources should be considered in each context by DDR practitioners, including where natural resources are part of underlying grievances, or where they are being exploited directly by armed forces, groups or organized criminal groups - or by local communities under the auspices of these actors - to control territories or to finance the purchase of weapons and ammunition.DDR practitioners should also consult any local civil society, academic institutions and other expertise that may be available at the local level to inform interventions. Local experts may be included in assessments of all types of local institutions, armed groups, organized criminal groups, and local political activities, as well as in the development and implementation of DDR processes.Where possible and appropriate, DDR processes should seek to adopt livelihoods strategies and employment generation opportunities that respect human rights and the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities, promote sound natural resource management, participatory decision- making, conflict sensitivity and that do not exploit natural resources at unsustainable rates. DDR practitioners should focus on promoting sustainable livelihoods and consider incorporating environmental feasibility studies for any projects based on natural resource exploitation. They should also ensure that post-project impact monitoring and evaluation includes the environment, natural resources and ecosystem services, especially where the latter relates to disaster-risk reduction and resiliency in the face of climate change.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1415, "Sentence":"They should also ensure that post-project impact monitoring and evaluation includes the environment, natural resources and ecosystem services, especially where the latter relates to disaster-risk reduction and resiliency in the face of climate change.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources also ensure postproject impact monitoring evaluation includes environment natural resource ecosystem service especially latter relates disasterrisk reduction resiliency face climate change ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are undertaken in the context of national and local frameworks that must comply with relevant rights and obligations under international law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). Whether in a conflict setting or not, the State and any other regional law enforcement authorities have the responsibility to implement any criminal justice measures related to the illegal exploitation and\/or trafficking of natural resources, including instances of scorched-earth policies or other violations of humanitarian or human rights law. DDR practitioners shall also take into account any international or regional sanctions regimes in place against the export of natural resources. At times when the State itself is directly involved in these activities, DDR practitioners must be aware and factor this risk into interventions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1416, "Sentence":"DDR processes are undertaken in the context of national and local frameworks that must comply with relevant rights and obligations under international law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr process undertaken context national local framework must comply relevant right obligation international law see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are undertaken in the context of national and local frameworks that must comply with relevant rights and obligations under international law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). Whether in a conflict setting or not, the State and any other regional law enforcement authorities have the responsibility to implement any criminal justice measures related to the illegal exploitation and\/or trafficking of natural resources, including instances of scorched-earth policies or other violations of humanitarian or human rights law. DDR practitioners shall also take into account any international or regional sanctions regimes in place against the export of natural resources. At times when the State itself is directly involved in these activities, DDR practitioners must be aware and factor this risk into interventions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1416, "Sentence":"Whether in a conflict setting or not, the State and any other regional law enforcement authorities have the responsibility to implement any criminal justice measures related to the illegal exploitation and\/or trafficking of natural resources, including instances of scorched-earth policies or other violations of humanitarian or human rights law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources whether conflict setting state regional law enforcement authority responsibility implement criminal justice measure related illegal exploitation and\/or trafficking natural resource including instance scorchedearth policy violation humanitarian human right law ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are undertaken in the context of national and local frameworks that must comply with relevant rights and obligations under international law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). Whether in a conflict setting or not, the State and any other regional law enforcement authorities have the responsibility to implement any criminal justice measures related to the illegal exploitation and\/or trafficking of natural resources, including instances of scorched-earth policies or other violations of humanitarian or human rights law. DDR practitioners shall also take into account any international or regional sanctions regimes in place against the export of natural resources. At times when the State itself is directly involved in these activities, DDR practitioners must be aware and factor this risk into interventions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1416, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall also take into account any international or regional sanctions regimes in place against the export of natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner shall also take account international regional sanction regime place export natural resource ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.5 Flexible, accountable and transparent", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR processes are undertaken in the context of national and local frameworks that must comply with relevant rights and obligations under international law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). Whether in a conflict setting or not, the State and any other regional law enforcement authorities have the responsibility to implement any criminal justice measures related to the illegal exploitation and\/or trafficking of natural resources, including instances of scorched-earth policies or other violations of humanitarian or human rights law. DDR practitioners shall also take into account any international or regional sanctions regimes in place against the export of natural resources. At times when the State itself is directly involved in these activities, DDR practitioners must be aware and factor this risk into interventions.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1416, "Sentence":"At times when the State itself is directly involved in these activities, DDR practitioners must be aware and factor this risk into interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources time state directly involved activity ddr practitioner must aware factor risk intervention ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Every context is unique when it comes to natural resource management, depending on the characteristics of local ecosystems and existing socio-cultural relationships to land and other natural resources. Strong or weak local and national governance can also impact how natural resources may be treated by DDR processes, specifically where a weak state can lead to more incentives for illicit exploitation and trafficking of natural resources in ways that may fuel or exacerbate armed conflict. DDR practitioners should ensure they thoroughly understand these dynamics through assessments and risk management efforts when designing interventions.For DDR processes, local communities and national institutions - including relevant line ministries - are sources of critical knowledge and information. For this reason, DDR processes shall explicitly incorporate national and local civil society organizations, academic institutions, private sector and other stakeholders into intervention planning and implementation where appropriate. Since international mandates and resources for DDR processes are limited, DDR practitioners shall seek to build local capacities around natural resource management whenever possible and shall establish relevant local partnerships to ensure coordination and technical capacities are available for the implementation of any interventions incorporating natural resource management.In some cases, natural resource management can be used as a platform for reconciliation and trust building between communities and even regional actors. DDR practitioners should seek to identify these opportunities where they exist and integrate them into interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1417, "Sentence":"Every context is unique when it comes to natural resource management, depending on the characteristics of local ecosystems and existing socio-cultural relationships to land and other natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources every context unique come natural resource management depending characteristic local ecosystem existing sociocultural relationship land natural resource ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Every context is unique when it comes to natural resource management, depending on the characteristics of local ecosystems and existing socio-cultural relationships to land and other natural resources. Strong or weak local and national governance can also impact how natural resources may be treated by DDR processes, specifically where a weak state can lead to more incentives for illicit exploitation and trafficking of natural resources in ways that may fuel or exacerbate armed conflict. DDR practitioners should ensure they thoroughly understand these dynamics through assessments and risk management efforts when designing interventions.For DDR processes, local communities and national institutions - including relevant line ministries - are sources of critical knowledge and information. For this reason, DDR processes shall explicitly incorporate national and local civil society organizations, academic institutions, private sector and other stakeholders into intervention planning and implementation where appropriate. Since international mandates and resources for DDR processes are limited, DDR practitioners shall seek to build local capacities around natural resource management whenever possible and shall establish relevant local partnerships to ensure coordination and technical capacities are available for the implementation of any interventions incorporating natural resource management.In some cases, natural resource management can be used as a platform for reconciliation and trust building between communities and even regional actors. DDR practitioners should seek to identify these opportunities where they exist and integrate them into interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1417, "Sentence":"Strong or weak local and national governance can also impact how natural resources may be treated by DDR processes, specifically where a weak state can lead to more incentives for illicit exploitation and trafficking of natural resources in ways that may fuel or exacerbate armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources strong weak local national governance also impact natural resource may treated ddr process specifically weak state lead incentive illicit exploitation trafficking natural resource way may fuel exacerbate armed conflict ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Every context is unique when it comes to natural resource management, depending on the characteristics of local ecosystems and existing socio-cultural relationships to land and other natural resources. Strong or weak local and national governance can also impact how natural resources may be treated by DDR processes, specifically where a weak state can lead to more incentives for illicit exploitation and trafficking of natural resources in ways that may fuel or exacerbate armed conflict. DDR practitioners should ensure they thoroughly understand these dynamics through assessments and risk management efforts when designing interventions.For DDR processes, local communities and national institutions - including relevant line ministries - are sources of critical knowledge and information. For this reason, DDR processes shall explicitly incorporate national and local civil society organizations, academic institutions, private sector and other stakeholders into intervention planning and implementation where appropriate. Since international mandates and resources for DDR processes are limited, DDR practitioners shall seek to build local capacities around natural resource management whenever possible and shall establish relevant local partnerships to ensure coordination and technical capacities are available for the implementation of any interventions incorporating natural resource management.In some cases, natural resource management can be used as a platform for reconciliation and trust building between communities and even regional actors. DDR practitioners should seek to identify these opportunities where they exist and integrate them into interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1417, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should ensure they thoroughly understand these dynamics through assessments and risk management efforts when designing interventions.For DDR processes, local communities and national institutions - including relevant line ministries - are sources of critical knowledge and information.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner ensure thoroughly understand dynamic assessment risk management effort designing interventions.for ddr process local community national institution including relevant line ministry source critical knowledge information ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Every context is unique when it comes to natural resource management, depending on the characteristics of local ecosystems and existing socio-cultural relationships to land and other natural resources. Strong or weak local and national governance can also impact how natural resources may be treated by DDR processes, specifically where a weak state can lead to more incentives for illicit exploitation and trafficking of natural resources in ways that may fuel or exacerbate armed conflict. DDR practitioners should ensure they thoroughly understand these dynamics through assessments and risk management efforts when designing interventions.For DDR processes, local communities and national institutions - including relevant line ministries - are sources of critical knowledge and information. For this reason, DDR processes shall explicitly incorporate national and local civil society organizations, academic institutions, private sector and other stakeholders into intervention planning and implementation where appropriate. Since international mandates and resources for DDR processes are limited, DDR practitioners shall seek to build local capacities around natural resource management whenever possible and shall establish relevant local partnerships to ensure coordination and technical capacities are available for the implementation of any interventions incorporating natural resource management.In some cases, natural resource management can be used as a platform for reconciliation and trust building between communities and even regional actors. DDR practitioners should seek to identify these opportunities where they exist and integrate them into interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1417, "Sentence":"For this reason, DDR processes shall explicitly incorporate national and local civil society organizations, academic institutions, private sector and other stakeholders into intervention planning and implementation where appropriate.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources reason ddr process shall explicitly incorporate national local civil society organization academic institution private sector stakeholder intervention planning implementation appropriate ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Every context is unique when it comes to natural resource management, depending on the characteristics of local ecosystems and existing socio-cultural relationships to land and other natural resources. Strong or weak local and national governance can also impact how natural resources may be treated by DDR processes, specifically where a weak state can lead to more incentives for illicit exploitation and trafficking of natural resources in ways that may fuel or exacerbate armed conflict. DDR practitioners should ensure they thoroughly understand these dynamics through assessments and risk management efforts when designing interventions.For DDR processes, local communities and national institutions - including relevant line ministries - are sources of critical knowledge and information. For this reason, DDR processes shall explicitly incorporate national and local civil society organizations, academic institutions, private sector and other stakeholders into intervention planning and implementation where appropriate. Since international mandates and resources for DDR processes are limited, DDR practitioners shall seek to build local capacities around natural resource management whenever possible and shall establish relevant local partnerships to ensure coordination and technical capacities are available for the implementation of any interventions incorporating natural resource management.In some cases, natural resource management can be used as a platform for reconciliation and trust building between communities and even regional actors. DDR practitioners should seek to identify these opportunities where they exist and integrate them into interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1417, "Sentence":"Since international mandates and resources for DDR processes are limited, DDR practitioners shall seek to build local capacities around natural resource management whenever possible and shall establish relevant local partnerships to ensure coordination and technical capacities are available for the implementation of any interventions incorporating natural resource management.In some cases, natural resource management can be used as a platform for reconciliation and trust building between communities and even regional actors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources since international mandate resource ddr process limited ddr practitioner shall seek build local capacity around natural resource management whenever possible shall establish relevant local partnership ensure coordination technical capacity available implementation intervention incorporating natural resource management.in case natural resource management used platform reconciliation trust building community even regional actor ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.6 Nationally and locally owned", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Every context is unique when it comes to natural resource management, depending on the characteristics of local ecosystems and existing socio-cultural relationships to land and other natural resources. Strong or weak local and national governance can also impact how natural resources may be treated by DDR processes, specifically where a weak state can lead to more incentives for illicit exploitation and trafficking of natural resources in ways that may fuel or exacerbate armed conflict. DDR practitioners should ensure they thoroughly understand these dynamics through assessments and risk management efforts when designing interventions.For DDR processes, local communities and national institutions - including relevant line ministries - are sources of critical knowledge and information. For this reason, DDR processes shall explicitly incorporate national and local civil society organizations, academic institutions, private sector and other stakeholders into intervention planning and implementation where appropriate. Since international mandates and resources for DDR processes are limited, DDR practitioners shall seek to build local capacities around natural resource management whenever possible and shall establish relevant local partnerships to ensure coordination and technical capacities are available for the implementation of any interventions incorporating natural resource management.In some cases, natural resource management can be used as a platform for reconciliation and trust building between communities and even regional actors. DDR practitioners should seek to identify these opportunities where they exist and integrate them into interventions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1417, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should seek to identify these opportunities where they exist and integrate them into interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner seek identify opportunity exist integrate intervention ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In cases where natural resources are exploited and trafficked to finance the activities of armed forces and groups or organized criminal groups active in conflict settings, regional dynamics may be at play. Private sector and government actors from neighbouring States may be implicated in the trade of natural resources and DDR practitioners should engage regional stakeholders as much as possible to control for these risks and to identify opportunities to create a regional environment conducive to sustainable peace.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1418, "Sentence":"In cases where natural resources are exploited and trafficked to finance the activities of armed forces and groups or organized criminal groups active in conflict settings, regional dynamics may be at play.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources case natural resource exploited trafficked finance activity armed force group organized criminal group active conflict setting regional dynamic may play ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.7 Regionally supported", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"In cases where natural resources are exploited and trafficked to finance the activities of armed forces and groups or organized criminal groups active in conflict settings, regional dynamics may be at play. Private sector and government actors from neighbouring States may be implicated in the trade of natural resources and DDR practitioners should engage regional stakeholders as much as possible to control for these risks and to identify opportunities to create a regional environment conducive to sustainable peace.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1418, "Sentence":"Private sector and government actors from neighbouring States may be implicated in the trade of natural resources and DDR practitioners should engage regional stakeholders as much as possible to control for these risks and to identify opportunities to create a regional environment conducive to sustainable peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources private sector government actor neighbouring state may implicated trade natural resource ddr practitioner engage regional stakeholder much possible control risk identify opportunity create regional environment conducive sustainable peace ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"DDR processes will be more successful when considerations related to natural resource management are integrated from the earliest assessment phase through all stages of strategy development, planning and implementation. Expertise within the UN system and with other interagency partners should inform the interventions of DDR processes, in tandem with local and national expertise and knowledge.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1419, "Sentence":"DDR processes will be more successful when considerations related to natural resource management are integrated from the earliest assessment phase through all stages of strategy development, planning and implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr process successful consideration related natural resource management integrated earliest assessment phase stage strategy development planning implementation ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"4. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"4.8 Integrated", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"DDR processes will be more successful when considerations related to natural resource management are integrated from the earliest assessment phase through all stages of strategy development, planning and implementation. Expertise within the UN system and with other interagency partners should inform the interventions of DDR processes, in tandem with local and national expertise and knowledge.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1419, "Sentence":"Expertise within the UN system and with other interagency partners should inform the interventions of DDR processes, in tandem with local and national expertise and knowledge.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources expertise within un system interagency partner inform intervention ddr process tandem local national expertise knowledge ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In contexts with poor governance, weak diversification and poor sectoral linkages, natural resources may be exploited to sustain the political and military agendas of armed forces and\/or other groups.10 This dynamic contributes to a broader war economy that may incentivize unsustainable exploitation, resource grabs and human rights abuses that may be related, although not exhaustively, to the environment and natural resources.11 When captured by armed forces and groups, or organized criminal groups, high-value commodity sectors with significant global demand - such as minerals, oil and gas, timber and other agricultural commodities - represent a serious threat to peace, security and development.12 This may occur with high-value commodities including charcoal, timber, ivory, gems and minerals, as well as agricultural commodities like cocoa and or palm oil. This trade links conflict actors to the global economy and ultimately to the end consumer of the good or service, thereby implicating a multitude of stakeholders from local private sector to regional and global multi-national enterprises and their investors.13The exploitation of natural resources and associated environmental stresses, such as the contamination of soils, air or water during extraction processes, can impact all phases of the conflict cycle, from contributing to the outbreak and perpetuation of violence to undermining prospects for peace. In addition, the environment itself may be damaged through scorched-earth tactics in order to harm specific groups of people or to render land and areas unusable by opposing groups. In extreme cases, land can also be damaged when communities are significantly displaced, where populations may be forced to degrade the natural resource base in order to survive. This environmental damage, coupled with the collapse of institutions and governance practices, can present significant risks that threaten people\u2019s health, livelihoods and undermine security. It may also undermine a country\u2019s capacity to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well as exacerbate vulnerabilities to climate change and natural disasters.Identifying the role of natural resources in armed conflict is a necessary starting point to effectively address the factors that may have caused or sustained conflict, could trigger a relapse into violence, or may impede the process of consolidating sustainable peace. Analyses and assessments on environmental and natural resource issues can help DDR practitioners to identify the ways in which natural resources are intentionally and\/or inadvertently utilized, exploited, depleted and destroyed as part of conflict. While the UN has increasingly adopted guidance on integrating natural resource considerations into its peacebuilding assessments and interventions, in practice, natural resources are still too often considered as \u201ctoo hard to fix\u201d and as an issue to be addressed at a later stage in the recovery or peacebuilding process. However, doing so fails to take into account the broad and changing nature of threats to national and international security, as well as opportunities for natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.Integrating natural resource management issues into peacebuilding \u2013 and DDR in particular \u2013 should be seen as a security imperative following the strong linkages between natural resources and conflict. Deferred action or uninformed choices made early on often establish unsustainable trajectories of recovery that can undermine long-term peace and stability. At the same time, natural resource management offers important opportunities for sustainable livelihoods recovery, employment creation and reconciliation.The following sections provide a frame of reference to support the improved consideration of natural resources in DDR processes. In order to apply this frame, DDR practitioners should seek the appropriate expertise and work across different national and international agencies to gather the information related to natural resources needed to inform interventions.The relationship between natural resources, the environment and conflict is multidimensional and complex, but three principal pathways can be drawn. These pathways are described in more detail in the following sections:", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1420, "Sentence":"In contexts with poor governance, weak diversification and poor sectoral linkages, natural resources may be exploited to sustain the political and military agendas of armed forces and\/or other groups.10 This dynamic contributes to a broader war economy that may incentivize unsustainable exploitation, resource grabs and human rights abuses that may be related, although not exhaustively, to the environment and natural resources.11 When captured by armed forces and groups, or organized criminal groups, high-value commodity sectors with significant global demand - such as minerals, oil and gas, timber and other agricultural commodities - represent a serious threat to peace, security and development.12 This may occur with high-value commodities including charcoal, timber, ivory, gems and minerals, as well as agricultural commodities like cocoa and or palm oil.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources context poor governance weak diversification poor sectoral linkage natural resource may exploited sustain political military agenda armed force and\/or groups.10 dynamic contributes broader war economy may incentivize unsustainable exploitation resource grab human right abuse may related although exhaustively environment natural resources.11 captured armed force group organized criminal group highvalue commodity sector significant global demand mineral oil gas timber agricultural commodity represent serious threat peace security development.12 may occur highvalue commodity including charcoal timber ivory gem mineral well agricultural commodity like cocoa palm oil ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In contexts with poor governance, weak diversification and poor sectoral linkages, natural resources may be exploited to sustain the political and military agendas of armed forces and\/or other groups.10 This dynamic contributes to a broader war economy that may incentivize unsustainable exploitation, resource grabs and human rights abuses that may be related, although not exhaustively, to the environment and natural resources.11 When captured by armed forces and groups, or organized criminal groups, high-value commodity sectors with significant global demand - such as minerals, oil and gas, timber and other agricultural commodities - represent a serious threat to peace, security and development.12 This may occur with high-value commodities including charcoal, timber, ivory, gems and minerals, as well as agricultural commodities like cocoa and or palm oil. This trade links conflict actors to the global economy and ultimately to the end consumer of the good or service, thereby implicating a multitude of stakeholders from local private sector to regional and global multi-national enterprises and their investors.13The exploitation of natural resources and associated environmental stresses, such as the contamination of soils, air or water during extraction processes, can impact all phases of the conflict cycle, from contributing to the outbreak and perpetuation of violence to undermining prospects for peace. In addition, the environment itself may be damaged through scorched-earth tactics in order to harm specific groups of people or to render land and areas unusable by opposing groups. In extreme cases, land can also be damaged when communities are significantly displaced, where populations may be forced to degrade the natural resource base in order to survive. This environmental damage, coupled with the collapse of institutions and governance practices, can present significant risks that threaten people\u2019s health, livelihoods and undermine security. It may also undermine a country\u2019s capacity to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well as exacerbate vulnerabilities to climate change and natural disasters.Identifying the role of natural resources in armed conflict is a necessary starting point to effectively address the factors that may have caused or sustained conflict, could trigger a relapse into violence, or may impede the process of consolidating sustainable peace. Analyses and assessments on environmental and natural resource issues can help DDR practitioners to identify the ways in which natural resources are intentionally and\/or inadvertently utilized, exploited, depleted and destroyed as part of conflict. While the UN has increasingly adopted guidance on integrating natural resource considerations into its peacebuilding assessments and interventions, in practice, natural resources are still too often considered as \u201ctoo hard to fix\u201d and as an issue to be addressed at a later stage in the recovery or peacebuilding process. However, doing so fails to take into account the broad and changing nature of threats to national and international security, as well as opportunities for natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.Integrating natural resource management issues into peacebuilding \u2013 and DDR in particular \u2013 should be seen as a security imperative following the strong linkages between natural resources and conflict. Deferred action or uninformed choices made early on often establish unsustainable trajectories of recovery that can undermine long-term peace and stability. At the same time, natural resource management offers important opportunities for sustainable livelihoods recovery, employment creation and reconciliation.The following sections provide a frame of reference to support the improved consideration of natural resources in DDR processes. In order to apply this frame, DDR practitioners should seek the appropriate expertise and work across different national and international agencies to gather the information related to natural resources needed to inform interventions.The relationship between natural resources, the environment and conflict is multidimensional and complex, but three principal pathways can be drawn. These pathways are described in more detail in the following sections:", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1420, "Sentence":"This trade links conflict actors to the global economy and ultimately to the end consumer of the good or service, thereby implicating a multitude of stakeholders from local private sector to regional and global multi-national enterprises and their investors.13The exploitation of natural resources and associated environmental stresses, such as the contamination of soils, air or water during extraction processes, can impact all phases of the conflict cycle, from contributing to the outbreak and perpetuation of violence to undermining prospects for peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources trade link conflict actor global economy ultimately end consumer good service thereby implicating multitude stakeholder local private sector regional global multinational enterprise investors.13the exploitation natural resource associated environmental stress contamination soil air water extraction process impact phase conflict cycle contributing outbreak perpetuation violence undermining prospect peace ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In contexts with poor governance, weak diversification and poor sectoral linkages, natural resources may be exploited to sustain the political and military agendas of armed forces and\/or other groups.10 This dynamic contributes to a broader war economy that may incentivize unsustainable exploitation, resource grabs and human rights abuses that may be related, although not exhaustively, to the environment and natural resources.11 When captured by armed forces and groups, or organized criminal groups, high-value commodity sectors with significant global demand - such as minerals, oil and gas, timber and other agricultural commodities - represent a serious threat to peace, security and development.12 This may occur with high-value commodities including charcoal, timber, ivory, gems and minerals, as well as agricultural commodities like cocoa and or palm oil. This trade links conflict actors to the global economy and ultimately to the end consumer of the good or service, thereby implicating a multitude of stakeholders from local private sector to regional and global multi-national enterprises and their investors.13The exploitation of natural resources and associated environmental stresses, such as the contamination of soils, air or water during extraction processes, can impact all phases of the conflict cycle, from contributing to the outbreak and perpetuation of violence to undermining prospects for peace. In addition, the environment itself may be damaged through scorched-earth tactics in order to harm specific groups of people or to render land and areas unusable by opposing groups. In extreme cases, land can also be damaged when communities are significantly displaced, where populations may be forced to degrade the natural resource base in order to survive. This environmental damage, coupled with the collapse of institutions and governance practices, can present significant risks that threaten people\u2019s health, livelihoods and undermine security. It may also undermine a country\u2019s capacity to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well as exacerbate vulnerabilities to climate change and natural disasters.Identifying the role of natural resources in armed conflict is a necessary starting point to effectively address the factors that may have caused or sustained conflict, could trigger a relapse into violence, or may impede the process of consolidating sustainable peace. Analyses and assessments on environmental and natural resource issues can help DDR practitioners to identify the ways in which natural resources are intentionally and\/or inadvertently utilized, exploited, depleted and destroyed as part of conflict. While the UN has increasingly adopted guidance on integrating natural resource considerations into its peacebuilding assessments and interventions, in practice, natural resources are still too often considered as \u201ctoo hard to fix\u201d and as an issue to be addressed at a later stage in the recovery or peacebuilding process. However, doing so fails to take into account the broad and changing nature of threats to national and international security, as well as opportunities for natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.Integrating natural resource management issues into peacebuilding \u2013 and DDR in particular \u2013 should be seen as a security imperative following the strong linkages between natural resources and conflict. Deferred action or uninformed choices made early on often establish unsustainable trajectories of recovery that can undermine long-term peace and stability. At the same time, natural resource management offers important opportunities for sustainable livelihoods recovery, employment creation and reconciliation.The following sections provide a frame of reference to support the improved consideration of natural resources in DDR processes. In order to apply this frame, DDR practitioners should seek the appropriate expertise and work across different national and international agencies to gather the information related to natural resources needed to inform interventions.The relationship between natural resources, the environment and conflict is multidimensional and complex, but three principal pathways can be drawn. These pathways are described in more detail in the following sections:", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1420, "Sentence":"In addition, the environment itself may be damaged through scorched-earth tactics in order to harm specific groups of people or to render land and areas unusable by opposing groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources addition environment may damaged scorchedearth tactic order harm specific group people render land area unusable opposing group ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In contexts with poor governance, weak diversification and poor sectoral linkages, natural resources may be exploited to sustain the political and military agendas of armed forces and\/or other groups.10 This dynamic contributes to a broader war economy that may incentivize unsustainable exploitation, resource grabs and human rights abuses that may be related, although not exhaustively, to the environment and natural resources.11 When captured by armed forces and groups, or organized criminal groups, high-value commodity sectors with significant global demand - such as minerals, oil and gas, timber and other agricultural commodities - represent a serious threat to peace, security and development.12 This may occur with high-value commodities including charcoal, timber, ivory, gems and minerals, as well as agricultural commodities like cocoa and or palm oil. This trade links conflict actors to the global economy and ultimately to the end consumer of the good or service, thereby implicating a multitude of stakeholders from local private sector to regional and global multi-national enterprises and their investors.13The exploitation of natural resources and associated environmental stresses, such as the contamination of soils, air or water during extraction processes, can impact all phases of the conflict cycle, from contributing to the outbreak and perpetuation of violence to undermining prospects for peace. In addition, the environment itself may be damaged through scorched-earth tactics in order to harm specific groups of people or to render land and areas unusable by opposing groups. In extreme cases, land can also be damaged when communities are significantly displaced, where populations may be forced to degrade the natural resource base in order to survive. This environmental damage, coupled with the collapse of institutions and governance practices, can present significant risks that threaten people\u2019s health, livelihoods and undermine security. It may also undermine a country\u2019s capacity to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well as exacerbate vulnerabilities to climate change and natural disasters.Identifying the role of natural resources in armed conflict is a necessary starting point to effectively address the factors that may have caused or sustained conflict, could trigger a relapse into violence, or may impede the process of consolidating sustainable peace. Analyses and assessments on environmental and natural resource issues can help DDR practitioners to identify the ways in which natural resources are intentionally and\/or inadvertently utilized, exploited, depleted and destroyed as part of conflict. While the UN has increasingly adopted guidance on integrating natural resource considerations into its peacebuilding assessments and interventions, in practice, natural resources are still too often considered as \u201ctoo hard to fix\u201d and as an issue to be addressed at a later stage in the recovery or peacebuilding process. However, doing so fails to take into account the broad and changing nature of threats to national and international security, as well as opportunities for natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.Integrating natural resource management issues into peacebuilding \u2013 and DDR in particular \u2013 should be seen as a security imperative following the strong linkages between natural resources and conflict. Deferred action or uninformed choices made early on often establish unsustainable trajectories of recovery that can undermine long-term peace and stability. At the same time, natural resource management offers important opportunities for sustainable livelihoods recovery, employment creation and reconciliation.The following sections provide a frame of reference to support the improved consideration of natural resources in DDR processes. In order to apply this frame, DDR practitioners should seek the appropriate expertise and work across different national and international agencies to gather the information related to natural resources needed to inform interventions.The relationship between natural resources, the environment and conflict is multidimensional and complex, but three principal pathways can be drawn. These pathways are described in more detail in the following sections:", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1420, "Sentence":"In extreme cases, land can also be damaged when communities are significantly displaced, where populations may be forced to degrade the natural resource base in order to survive.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources extreme case land also damaged community significantly displaced population may forced degrade natural resource base order survive ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In contexts with poor governance, weak diversification and poor sectoral linkages, natural resources may be exploited to sustain the political and military agendas of armed forces and\/or other groups.10 This dynamic contributes to a broader war economy that may incentivize unsustainable exploitation, resource grabs and human rights abuses that may be related, although not exhaustively, to the environment and natural resources.11 When captured by armed forces and groups, or organized criminal groups, high-value commodity sectors with significant global demand - such as minerals, oil and gas, timber and other agricultural commodities - represent a serious threat to peace, security and development.12 This may occur with high-value commodities including charcoal, timber, ivory, gems and minerals, as well as agricultural commodities like cocoa and or palm oil. This trade links conflict actors to the global economy and ultimately to the end consumer of the good or service, thereby implicating a multitude of stakeholders from local private sector to regional and global multi-national enterprises and their investors.13The exploitation of natural resources and associated environmental stresses, such as the contamination of soils, air or water during extraction processes, can impact all phases of the conflict cycle, from contributing to the outbreak and perpetuation of violence to undermining prospects for peace. In addition, the environment itself may be damaged through scorched-earth tactics in order to harm specific groups of people or to render land and areas unusable by opposing groups. In extreme cases, land can also be damaged when communities are significantly displaced, where populations may be forced to degrade the natural resource base in order to survive. This environmental damage, coupled with the collapse of institutions and governance practices, can present significant risks that threaten people\u2019s health, livelihoods and undermine security. It may also undermine a country\u2019s capacity to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well as exacerbate vulnerabilities to climate change and natural disasters.Identifying the role of natural resources in armed conflict is a necessary starting point to effectively address the factors that may have caused or sustained conflict, could trigger a relapse into violence, or may impede the process of consolidating sustainable peace. Analyses and assessments on environmental and natural resource issues can help DDR practitioners to identify the ways in which natural resources are intentionally and\/or inadvertently utilized, exploited, depleted and destroyed as part of conflict. While the UN has increasingly adopted guidance on integrating natural resource considerations into its peacebuilding assessments and interventions, in practice, natural resources are still too often considered as \u201ctoo hard to fix\u201d and as an issue to be addressed at a later stage in the recovery or peacebuilding process. However, doing so fails to take into account the broad and changing nature of threats to national and international security, as well as opportunities for natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.Integrating natural resource management issues into peacebuilding \u2013 and DDR in particular \u2013 should be seen as a security imperative following the strong linkages between natural resources and conflict. Deferred action or uninformed choices made early on often establish unsustainable trajectories of recovery that can undermine long-term peace and stability. At the same time, natural resource management offers important opportunities for sustainable livelihoods recovery, employment creation and reconciliation.The following sections provide a frame of reference to support the improved consideration of natural resources in DDR processes. In order to apply this frame, DDR practitioners should seek the appropriate expertise and work across different national and international agencies to gather the information related to natural resources needed to inform interventions.The relationship between natural resources, the environment and conflict is multidimensional and complex, but three principal pathways can be drawn. These pathways are described in more detail in the following sections:", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1420, "Sentence":"This environmental damage, coupled with the collapse of institutions and governance practices, can present significant risks that threaten people\u2019s health, livelihoods and undermine security.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources environmental damage coupled collapse institution governance practice present significant risk threaten people \u2019 health livelihood undermine security ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In contexts with poor governance, weak diversification and poor sectoral linkages, natural resources may be exploited to sustain the political and military agendas of armed forces and\/or other groups.10 This dynamic contributes to a broader war economy that may incentivize unsustainable exploitation, resource grabs and human rights abuses that may be related, although not exhaustively, to the environment and natural resources.11 When captured by armed forces and groups, or organized criminal groups, high-value commodity sectors with significant global demand - such as minerals, oil and gas, timber and other agricultural commodities - represent a serious threat to peace, security and development.12 This may occur with high-value commodities including charcoal, timber, ivory, gems and minerals, as well as agricultural commodities like cocoa and or palm oil. This trade links conflict actors to the global economy and ultimately to the end consumer of the good or service, thereby implicating a multitude of stakeholders from local private sector to regional and global multi-national enterprises and their investors.13The exploitation of natural resources and associated environmental stresses, such as the contamination of soils, air or water during extraction processes, can impact all phases of the conflict cycle, from contributing to the outbreak and perpetuation of violence to undermining prospects for peace. In addition, the environment itself may be damaged through scorched-earth tactics in order to harm specific groups of people or to render land and areas unusable by opposing groups. In extreme cases, land can also be damaged when communities are significantly displaced, where populations may be forced to degrade the natural resource base in order to survive. This environmental damage, coupled with the collapse of institutions and governance practices, can present significant risks that threaten people\u2019s health, livelihoods and undermine security. It may also undermine a country\u2019s capacity to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well as exacerbate vulnerabilities to climate change and natural disasters.Identifying the role of natural resources in armed conflict is a necessary starting point to effectively address the factors that may have caused or sustained conflict, could trigger a relapse into violence, or may impede the process of consolidating sustainable peace. Analyses and assessments on environmental and natural resource issues can help DDR practitioners to identify the ways in which natural resources are intentionally and\/or inadvertently utilized, exploited, depleted and destroyed as part of conflict. While the UN has increasingly adopted guidance on integrating natural resource considerations into its peacebuilding assessments and interventions, in practice, natural resources are still too often considered as \u201ctoo hard to fix\u201d and as an issue to be addressed at a later stage in the recovery or peacebuilding process. However, doing so fails to take into account the broad and changing nature of threats to national and international security, as well as opportunities for natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.Integrating natural resource management issues into peacebuilding \u2013 and DDR in particular \u2013 should be seen as a security imperative following the strong linkages between natural resources and conflict. Deferred action or uninformed choices made early on often establish unsustainable trajectories of recovery that can undermine long-term peace and stability. At the same time, natural resource management offers important opportunities for sustainable livelihoods recovery, employment creation and reconciliation.The following sections provide a frame of reference to support the improved consideration of natural resources in DDR processes. In order to apply this frame, DDR practitioners should seek the appropriate expertise and work across different national and international agencies to gather the information related to natural resources needed to inform interventions.The relationship between natural resources, the environment and conflict is multidimensional and complex, but three principal pathways can be drawn. These pathways are described in more detail in the following sections:", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1420, "Sentence":"It may also undermine a country\u2019s capacity to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well as exacerbate vulnerabilities to climate change and natural disasters.Identifying the role of natural resources in armed conflict is a necessary starting point to effectively address the factors that may have caused or sustained conflict, could trigger a relapse into violence, or may impede the process of consolidating sustainable peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources may also undermine country \u2019 capacity achieve 2030 agenda sustainable development well exacerbate vulnerability climate change natural disasters.identifying role natural resource armed conflict necessary starting point effectively address factor may caused sustained conflict could trigger relapse violence may impede process consolidating sustainable peace ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In contexts with poor governance, weak diversification and poor sectoral linkages, natural resources may be exploited to sustain the political and military agendas of armed forces and\/or other groups.10 This dynamic contributes to a broader war economy that may incentivize unsustainable exploitation, resource grabs and human rights abuses that may be related, although not exhaustively, to the environment and natural resources.11 When captured by armed forces and groups, or organized criminal groups, high-value commodity sectors with significant global demand - such as minerals, oil and gas, timber and other agricultural commodities - represent a serious threat to peace, security and development.12 This may occur with high-value commodities including charcoal, timber, ivory, gems and minerals, as well as agricultural commodities like cocoa and or palm oil. This trade links conflict actors to the global economy and ultimately to the end consumer of the good or service, thereby implicating a multitude of stakeholders from local private sector to regional and global multi-national enterprises and their investors.13The exploitation of natural resources and associated environmental stresses, such as the contamination of soils, air or water during extraction processes, can impact all phases of the conflict cycle, from contributing to the outbreak and perpetuation of violence to undermining prospects for peace. In addition, the environment itself may be damaged through scorched-earth tactics in order to harm specific groups of people or to render land and areas unusable by opposing groups. In extreme cases, land can also be damaged when communities are significantly displaced, where populations may be forced to degrade the natural resource base in order to survive. This environmental damage, coupled with the collapse of institutions and governance practices, can present significant risks that threaten people\u2019s health, livelihoods and undermine security. It may also undermine a country\u2019s capacity to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well as exacerbate vulnerabilities to climate change and natural disasters.Identifying the role of natural resources in armed conflict is a necessary starting point to effectively address the factors that may have caused or sustained conflict, could trigger a relapse into violence, or may impede the process of consolidating sustainable peace. Analyses and assessments on environmental and natural resource issues can help DDR practitioners to identify the ways in which natural resources are intentionally and\/or inadvertently utilized, exploited, depleted and destroyed as part of conflict. While the UN has increasingly adopted guidance on integrating natural resource considerations into its peacebuilding assessments and interventions, in practice, natural resources are still too often considered as \u201ctoo hard to fix\u201d and as an issue to be addressed at a later stage in the recovery or peacebuilding process. However, doing so fails to take into account the broad and changing nature of threats to national and international security, as well as opportunities for natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.Integrating natural resource management issues into peacebuilding \u2013 and DDR in particular \u2013 should be seen as a security imperative following the strong linkages between natural resources and conflict. Deferred action or uninformed choices made early on often establish unsustainable trajectories of recovery that can undermine long-term peace and stability. At the same time, natural resource management offers important opportunities for sustainable livelihoods recovery, employment creation and reconciliation.The following sections provide a frame of reference to support the improved consideration of natural resources in DDR processes. In order to apply this frame, DDR practitioners should seek the appropriate expertise and work across different national and international agencies to gather the information related to natural resources needed to inform interventions.The relationship between natural resources, the environment and conflict is multidimensional and complex, but three principal pathways can be drawn. These pathways are described in more detail in the following sections:", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1420, "Sentence":"Analyses and assessments on environmental and natural resource issues can help DDR practitioners to identify the ways in which natural resources are intentionally and\/or inadvertently utilized, exploited, depleted and destroyed as part of conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources analysis assessment environmental natural resource issue help ddr practitioner identify way natural resource intentionally and\/or inadvertently utilized exploited depleted destroyed part conflict ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In contexts with poor governance, weak diversification and poor sectoral linkages, natural resources may be exploited to sustain the political and military agendas of armed forces and\/or other groups.10 This dynamic contributes to a broader war economy that may incentivize unsustainable exploitation, resource grabs and human rights abuses that may be related, although not exhaustively, to the environment and natural resources.11 When captured by armed forces and groups, or organized criminal groups, high-value commodity sectors with significant global demand - such as minerals, oil and gas, timber and other agricultural commodities - represent a serious threat to peace, security and development.12 This may occur with high-value commodities including charcoal, timber, ivory, gems and minerals, as well as agricultural commodities like cocoa and or palm oil. This trade links conflict actors to the global economy and ultimately to the end consumer of the good or service, thereby implicating a multitude of stakeholders from local private sector to regional and global multi-national enterprises and their investors.13The exploitation of natural resources and associated environmental stresses, such as the contamination of soils, air or water during extraction processes, can impact all phases of the conflict cycle, from contributing to the outbreak and perpetuation of violence to undermining prospects for peace. In addition, the environment itself may be damaged through scorched-earth tactics in order to harm specific groups of people or to render land and areas unusable by opposing groups. In extreme cases, land can also be damaged when communities are significantly displaced, where populations may be forced to degrade the natural resource base in order to survive. This environmental damage, coupled with the collapse of institutions and governance practices, can present significant risks that threaten people\u2019s health, livelihoods and undermine security. It may also undermine a country\u2019s capacity to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well as exacerbate vulnerabilities to climate change and natural disasters.Identifying the role of natural resources in armed conflict is a necessary starting point to effectively address the factors that may have caused or sustained conflict, could trigger a relapse into violence, or may impede the process of consolidating sustainable peace. Analyses and assessments on environmental and natural resource issues can help DDR practitioners to identify the ways in which natural resources are intentionally and\/or inadvertently utilized, exploited, depleted and destroyed as part of conflict. While the UN has increasingly adopted guidance on integrating natural resource considerations into its peacebuilding assessments and interventions, in practice, natural resources are still too often considered as \u201ctoo hard to fix\u201d and as an issue to be addressed at a later stage in the recovery or peacebuilding process. However, doing so fails to take into account the broad and changing nature of threats to national and international security, as well as opportunities for natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.Integrating natural resource management issues into peacebuilding \u2013 and DDR in particular \u2013 should be seen as a security imperative following the strong linkages between natural resources and conflict. Deferred action or uninformed choices made early on often establish unsustainable trajectories of recovery that can undermine long-term peace and stability. At the same time, natural resource management offers important opportunities for sustainable livelihoods recovery, employment creation and reconciliation.The following sections provide a frame of reference to support the improved consideration of natural resources in DDR processes. In order to apply this frame, DDR practitioners should seek the appropriate expertise and work across different national and international agencies to gather the information related to natural resources needed to inform interventions.The relationship between natural resources, the environment and conflict is multidimensional and complex, but three principal pathways can be drawn. These pathways are described in more detail in the following sections:", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1420, "Sentence":"While the UN has increasingly adopted guidance on integrating natural resource considerations into its peacebuilding assessments and interventions, in practice, natural resources are still too often considered as \u201ctoo hard to fix\u201d and as an issue to be addressed at a later stage in the recovery or peacebuilding process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources un increasingly adopted guidance integrating natural resource consideration peacebuilding assessment intervention practice natural resource still often considered \u201c hard fix \u201d issue addressed later stage recovery peacebuilding process ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In contexts with poor governance, weak diversification and poor sectoral linkages, natural resources may be exploited to sustain the political and military agendas of armed forces and\/or other groups.10 This dynamic contributes to a broader war economy that may incentivize unsustainable exploitation, resource grabs and human rights abuses that may be related, although not exhaustively, to the environment and natural resources.11 When captured by armed forces and groups, or organized criminal groups, high-value commodity sectors with significant global demand - such as minerals, oil and gas, timber and other agricultural commodities - represent a serious threat to peace, security and development.12 This may occur with high-value commodities including charcoal, timber, ivory, gems and minerals, as well as agricultural commodities like cocoa and or palm oil. This trade links conflict actors to the global economy and ultimately to the end consumer of the good or service, thereby implicating a multitude of stakeholders from local private sector to regional and global multi-national enterprises and their investors.13The exploitation of natural resources and associated environmental stresses, such as the contamination of soils, air or water during extraction processes, can impact all phases of the conflict cycle, from contributing to the outbreak and perpetuation of violence to undermining prospects for peace. In addition, the environment itself may be damaged through scorched-earth tactics in order to harm specific groups of people or to render land and areas unusable by opposing groups. In extreme cases, land can also be damaged when communities are significantly displaced, where populations may be forced to degrade the natural resource base in order to survive. This environmental damage, coupled with the collapse of institutions and governance practices, can present significant risks that threaten people\u2019s health, livelihoods and undermine security. It may also undermine a country\u2019s capacity to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well as exacerbate vulnerabilities to climate change and natural disasters.Identifying the role of natural resources in armed conflict is a necessary starting point to effectively address the factors that may have caused or sustained conflict, could trigger a relapse into violence, or may impede the process of consolidating sustainable peace. Analyses and assessments on environmental and natural resource issues can help DDR practitioners to identify the ways in which natural resources are intentionally and\/or inadvertently utilized, exploited, depleted and destroyed as part of conflict. While the UN has increasingly adopted guidance on integrating natural resource considerations into its peacebuilding assessments and interventions, in practice, natural resources are still too often considered as \u201ctoo hard to fix\u201d and as an issue to be addressed at a later stage in the recovery or peacebuilding process. However, doing so fails to take into account the broad and changing nature of threats to national and international security, as well as opportunities for natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.Integrating natural resource management issues into peacebuilding \u2013 and DDR in particular \u2013 should be seen as a security imperative following the strong linkages between natural resources and conflict. Deferred action or uninformed choices made early on often establish unsustainable trajectories of recovery that can undermine long-term peace and stability. At the same time, natural resource management offers important opportunities for sustainable livelihoods recovery, employment creation and reconciliation.The following sections provide a frame of reference to support the improved consideration of natural resources in DDR processes. In order to apply this frame, DDR practitioners should seek the appropriate expertise and work across different national and international agencies to gather the information related to natural resources needed to inform interventions.The relationship between natural resources, the environment and conflict is multidimensional and complex, but three principal pathways can be drawn. These pathways are described in more detail in the following sections:", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1420, "Sentence":"However, doing so fails to take into account the broad and changing nature of threats to national and international security, as well as opportunities for natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.Integrating natural resource management issues into peacebuilding \u2013 and DDR in particular \u2013 should be seen as a security imperative following the strong linkages between natural resources and conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources however fails take account broad changing nature threat national international security well opportunity natural resource management contribute sustainable peace.integrating natural resource management issue peacebuilding \u2013 ddr particular \u2013 seen security imperative following strong linkage natural resource conflict ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In contexts with poor governance, weak diversification and poor sectoral linkages, natural resources may be exploited to sustain the political and military agendas of armed forces and\/or other groups.10 This dynamic contributes to a broader war economy that may incentivize unsustainable exploitation, resource grabs and human rights abuses that may be related, although not exhaustively, to the environment and natural resources.11 When captured by armed forces and groups, or organized criminal groups, high-value commodity sectors with significant global demand - such as minerals, oil and gas, timber and other agricultural commodities - represent a serious threat to peace, security and development.12 This may occur with high-value commodities including charcoal, timber, ivory, gems and minerals, as well as agricultural commodities like cocoa and or palm oil. This trade links conflict actors to the global economy and ultimately to the end consumer of the good or service, thereby implicating a multitude of stakeholders from local private sector to regional and global multi-national enterprises and their investors.13The exploitation of natural resources and associated environmental stresses, such as the contamination of soils, air or water during extraction processes, can impact all phases of the conflict cycle, from contributing to the outbreak and perpetuation of violence to undermining prospects for peace. In addition, the environment itself may be damaged through scorched-earth tactics in order to harm specific groups of people or to render land and areas unusable by opposing groups. In extreme cases, land can also be damaged when communities are significantly displaced, where populations may be forced to degrade the natural resource base in order to survive. This environmental damage, coupled with the collapse of institutions and governance practices, can present significant risks that threaten people\u2019s health, livelihoods and undermine security. It may also undermine a country\u2019s capacity to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well as exacerbate vulnerabilities to climate change and natural disasters.Identifying the role of natural resources in armed conflict is a necessary starting point to effectively address the factors that may have caused or sustained conflict, could trigger a relapse into violence, or may impede the process of consolidating sustainable peace. Analyses and assessments on environmental and natural resource issues can help DDR practitioners to identify the ways in which natural resources are intentionally and\/or inadvertently utilized, exploited, depleted and destroyed as part of conflict. While the UN has increasingly adopted guidance on integrating natural resource considerations into its peacebuilding assessments and interventions, in practice, natural resources are still too often considered as \u201ctoo hard to fix\u201d and as an issue to be addressed at a later stage in the recovery or peacebuilding process. However, doing so fails to take into account the broad and changing nature of threats to national and international security, as well as opportunities for natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.Integrating natural resource management issues into peacebuilding \u2013 and DDR in particular \u2013 should be seen as a security imperative following the strong linkages between natural resources and conflict. Deferred action or uninformed choices made early on often establish unsustainable trajectories of recovery that can undermine long-term peace and stability. At the same time, natural resource management offers important opportunities for sustainable livelihoods recovery, employment creation and reconciliation.The following sections provide a frame of reference to support the improved consideration of natural resources in DDR processes. In order to apply this frame, DDR practitioners should seek the appropriate expertise and work across different national and international agencies to gather the information related to natural resources needed to inform interventions.The relationship between natural resources, the environment and conflict is multidimensional and complex, but three principal pathways can be drawn. These pathways are described in more detail in the following sections:", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1420, "Sentence":"Deferred action or uninformed choices made early on often establish unsustainable trajectories of recovery that can undermine long-term peace and stability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources deferred action uninformed choice made early often establish unsustainable trajectory recovery undermine longterm peace stability ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In contexts with poor governance, weak diversification and poor sectoral linkages, natural resources may be exploited to sustain the political and military agendas of armed forces and\/or other groups.10 This dynamic contributes to a broader war economy that may incentivize unsustainable exploitation, resource grabs and human rights abuses that may be related, although not exhaustively, to the environment and natural resources.11 When captured by armed forces and groups, or organized criminal groups, high-value commodity sectors with significant global demand - such as minerals, oil and gas, timber and other agricultural commodities - represent a serious threat to peace, security and development.12 This may occur with high-value commodities including charcoal, timber, ivory, gems and minerals, as well as agricultural commodities like cocoa and or palm oil. This trade links conflict actors to the global economy and ultimately to the end consumer of the good or service, thereby implicating a multitude of stakeholders from local private sector to regional and global multi-national enterprises and their investors.13The exploitation of natural resources and associated environmental stresses, such as the contamination of soils, air or water during extraction processes, can impact all phases of the conflict cycle, from contributing to the outbreak and perpetuation of violence to undermining prospects for peace. In addition, the environment itself may be damaged through scorched-earth tactics in order to harm specific groups of people or to render land and areas unusable by opposing groups. In extreme cases, land can also be damaged when communities are significantly displaced, where populations may be forced to degrade the natural resource base in order to survive. This environmental damage, coupled with the collapse of institutions and governance practices, can present significant risks that threaten people\u2019s health, livelihoods and undermine security. It may also undermine a country\u2019s capacity to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well as exacerbate vulnerabilities to climate change and natural disasters.Identifying the role of natural resources in armed conflict is a necessary starting point to effectively address the factors that may have caused or sustained conflict, could trigger a relapse into violence, or may impede the process of consolidating sustainable peace. Analyses and assessments on environmental and natural resource issues can help DDR practitioners to identify the ways in which natural resources are intentionally and\/or inadvertently utilized, exploited, depleted and destroyed as part of conflict. While the UN has increasingly adopted guidance on integrating natural resource considerations into its peacebuilding assessments and interventions, in practice, natural resources are still too often considered as \u201ctoo hard to fix\u201d and as an issue to be addressed at a later stage in the recovery or peacebuilding process. However, doing so fails to take into account the broad and changing nature of threats to national and international security, as well as opportunities for natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.Integrating natural resource management issues into peacebuilding \u2013 and DDR in particular \u2013 should be seen as a security imperative following the strong linkages between natural resources and conflict. Deferred action or uninformed choices made early on often establish unsustainable trajectories of recovery that can undermine long-term peace and stability. At the same time, natural resource management offers important opportunities for sustainable livelihoods recovery, employment creation and reconciliation.The following sections provide a frame of reference to support the improved consideration of natural resources in DDR processes. In order to apply this frame, DDR practitioners should seek the appropriate expertise and work across different national and international agencies to gather the information related to natural resources needed to inform interventions.The relationship between natural resources, the environment and conflict is multidimensional and complex, but three principal pathways can be drawn. These pathways are described in more detail in the following sections:", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1420, "Sentence":"At the same time, natural resource management offers important opportunities for sustainable livelihoods recovery, employment creation and reconciliation.The following sections provide a frame of reference to support the improved consideration of natural resources in DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources time natural resource management offer important opportunity sustainable livelihood recovery employment creation reconciliation.the following section provide frame reference support improved consideration natural resource ddr process ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In contexts with poor governance, weak diversification and poor sectoral linkages, natural resources may be exploited to sustain the political and military agendas of armed forces and\/or other groups.10 This dynamic contributes to a broader war economy that may incentivize unsustainable exploitation, resource grabs and human rights abuses that may be related, although not exhaustively, to the environment and natural resources.11 When captured by armed forces and groups, or organized criminal groups, high-value commodity sectors with significant global demand - such as minerals, oil and gas, timber and other agricultural commodities - represent a serious threat to peace, security and development.12 This may occur with high-value commodities including charcoal, timber, ivory, gems and minerals, as well as agricultural commodities like cocoa and or palm oil. This trade links conflict actors to the global economy and ultimately to the end consumer of the good or service, thereby implicating a multitude of stakeholders from local private sector to regional and global multi-national enterprises and their investors.13The exploitation of natural resources and associated environmental stresses, such as the contamination of soils, air or water during extraction processes, can impact all phases of the conflict cycle, from contributing to the outbreak and perpetuation of violence to undermining prospects for peace. In addition, the environment itself may be damaged through scorched-earth tactics in order to harm specific groups of people or to render land and areas unusable by opposing groups. In extreme cases, land can also be damaged when communities are significantly displaced, where populations may be forced to degrade the natural resource base in order to survive. This environmental damage, coupled with the collapse of institutions and governance practices, can present significant risks that threaten people\u2019s health, livelihoods and undermine security. It may also undermine a country\u2019s capacity to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well as exacerbate vulnerabilities to climate change and natural disasters.Identifying the role of natural resources in armed conflict is a necessary starting point to effectively address the factors that may have caused or sustained conflict, could trigger a relapse into violence, or may impede the process of consolidating sustainable peace. Analyses and assessments on environmental and natural resource issues can help DDR practitioners to identify the ways in which natural resources are intentionally and\/or inadvertently utilized, exploited, depleted and destroyed as part of conflict. While the UN has increasingly adopted guidance on integrating natural resource considerations into its peacebuilding assessments and interventions, in practice, natural resources are still too often considered as \u201ctoo hard to fix\u201d and as an issue to be addressed at a later stage in the recovery or peacebuilding process. However, doing so fails to take into account the broad and changing nature of threats to national and international security, as well as opportunities for natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.Integrating natural resource management issues into peacebuilding \u2013 and DDR in particular \u2013 should be seen as a security imperative following the strong linkages between natural resources and conflict. Deferred action or uninformed choices made early on often establish unsustainable trajectories of recovery that can undermine long-term peace and stability. At the same time, natural resource management offers important opportunities for sustainable livelihoods recovery, employment creation and reconciliation.The following sections provide a frame of reference to support the improved consideration of natural resources in DDR processes. In order to apply this frame, DDR practitioners should seek the appropriate expertise and work across different national and international agencies to gather the information related to natural resources needed to inform interventions.The relationship between natural resources, the environment and conflict is multidimensional and complex, but three principal pathways can be drawn. These pathways are described in more detail in the following sections:", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1420, "Sentence":"In order to apply this frame, DDR practitioners should seek the appropriate expertise and work across different national and international agencies to gather the information related to natural resources needed to inform interventions.The relationship between natural resources, the environment and conflict is multidimensional and complex, but three principal pathways can be drawn.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources order apply frame ddr practitioner seek appropriate expertise work across different national international agency gather information related natural resource needed inform interventions.the relationship natural resource environment conflict multidimensional complex three principal pathway drawn ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In contexts with poor governance, weak diversification and poor sectoral linkages, natural resources may be exploited to sustain the political and military agendas of armed forces and\/or other groups.10 This dynamic contributes to a broader war economy that may incentivize unsustainable exploitation, resource grabs and human rights abuses that may be related, although not exhaustively, to the environment and natural resources.11 When captured by armed forces and groups, or organized criminal groups, high-value commodity sectors with significant global demand - such as minerals, oil and gas, timber and other agricultural commodities - represent a serious threat to peace, security and development.12 This may occur with high-value commodities including charcoal, timber, ivory, gems and minerals, as well as agricultural commodities like cocoa and or palm oil. This trade links conflict actors to the global economy and ultimately to the end consumer of the good or service, thereby implicating a multitude of stakeholders from local private sector to regional and global multi-national enterprises and their investors.13The exploitation of natural resources and associated environmental stresses, such as the contamination of soils, air or water during extraction processes, can impact all phases of the conflict cycle, from contributing to the outbreak and perpetuation of violence to undermining prospects for peace. In addition, the environment itself may be damaged through scorched-earth tactics in order to harm specific groups of people or to render land and areas unusable by opposing groups. In extreme cases, land can also be damaged when communities are significantly displaced, where populations may be forced to degrade the natural resource base in order to survive. This environmental damage, coupled with the collapse of institutions and governance practices, can present significant risks that threaten people\u2019s health, livelihoods and undermine security. It may also undermine a country\u2019s capacity to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as well as exacerbate vulnerabilities to climate change and natural disasters.Identifying the role of natural resources in armed conflict is a necessary starting point to effectively address the factors that may have caused or sustained conflict, could trigger a relapse into violence, or may impede the process of consolidating sustainable peace. Analyses and assessments on environmental and natural resource issues can help DDR practitioners to identify the ways in which natural resources are intentionally and\/or inadvertently utilized, exploited, depleted and destroyed as part of conflict. While the UN has increasingly adopted guidance on integrating natural resource considerations into its peacebuilding assessments and interventions, in practice, natural resources are still too often considered as \u201ctoo hard to fix\u201d and as an issue to be addressed at a later stage in the recovery or peacebuilding process. However, doing so fails to take into account the broad and changing nature of threats to national and international security, as well as opportunities for natural resource management to contribute to sustainable peace.Integrating natural resource management issues into peacebuilding \u2013 and DDR in particular \u2013 should be seen as a security imperative following the strong linkages between natural resources and conflict. Deferred action or uninformed choices made early on often establish unsustainable trajectories of recovery that can undermine long-term peace and stability. At the same time, natural resource management offers important opportunities for sustainable livelihoods recovery, employment creation and reconciliation.The following sections provide a frame of reference to support the improved consideration of natural resources in DDR processes. In order to apply this frame, DDR practitioners should seek the appropriate expertise and work across different national and international agencies to gather the information related to natural resources needed to inform interventions.The relationship between natural resources, the environment and conflict is multidimensional and complex, but three principal pathways can be drawn. These pathways are described in more detail in the following sections:", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1420, "Sentence":"These pathways are described in more detail in the following sections:", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources pathway described detail following section" }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Contributing to the causes of conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Natural resources underpin livelihoods and the socio-cultural rights of peoples in many parts of the world. When access to these resources is disrupted - and especially where long-standing historic grievances (real or perceived) over access to land and resources are present - natural resources may be more easily exploited to encourage recruitment by armed groups. This relationship can be complex, but there is evidence in the historical record as to how access to land or other natural resources can motivate parties to a conflict. Grievances related to land (communal or individually owned) and access to resources can be deeply embedded in the historical narrative of peoples and hugely motivating for individuals and groups to participate in violent conflict. These dynamics are critical for DDR practitioners to understand and to factor into planning.Natural resources can also contribute to the causes of conflict where their governance and management has been handled in a way that privileges certain social or ethnic groups over others. Marginalized groups, excluded from access to natural resources and related benefits, may be more inclined to participate in the illicit or informal economy where armed conflict is present, thereby potentially engaging in riskier livelihoods sectors less protected by labour regulations.14 They may also be more likely to participate in the activities of organized criminal groups involved in the exploitation of natural resources. These dynamics can further undermine the ability of the Government to provide benefits (i.e., education, healthcare and development) and resources to communities due to a loss of tax revenue from formal economic sectors, as well as create the right conditions for illicit trade in weapons, ammunition and other illicit goods. This combination of factors can increase the likelihood that additional resentments will build and fuel recruitment into armed forces and groups.Finally, in some cases, scorched earth tactics may be used to gain control of a particular territory, resulting in significant displacement of populations and permanent damage to the environment. To secure a strategic advantage, demoralize local populations or subdue resistance, leaders and members of armed forces and groups may pollute water wells, burn crops, cut down forests, poison soils and kill domestic animals. In some cases, entire ecosystems have been deliberately targeted to achieve political and military goals. These tactics can result in grievances that ultimately undermine DDR processes and sustainable peace, and limit the positive role that natural resource management can play in sustaining peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1421, "Sentence":"Natural resources underpin livelihoods and the socio-cultural rights of peoples in many parts of the world.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources natural resource underpin livelihood sociocultural right people many part world ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Contributing to the causes of conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Natural resources underpin livelihoods and the socio-cultural rights of peoples in many parts of the world. When access to these resources is disrupted - and especially where long-standing historic grievances (real or perceived) over access to land and resources are present - natural resources may be more easily exploited to encourage recruitment by armed groups. This relationship can be complex, but there is evidence in the historical record as to how access to land or other natural resources can motivate parties to a conflict. Grievances related to land (communal or individually owned) and access to resources can be deeply embedded in the historical narrative of peoples and hugely motivating for individuals and groups to participate in violent conflict. These dynamics are critical for DDR practitioners to understand and to factor into planning.Natural resources can also contribute to the causes of conflict where their governance and management has been handled in a way that privileges certain social or ethnic groups over others. Marginalized groups, excluded from access to natural resources and related benefits, may be more inclined to participate in the illicit or informal economy where armed conflict is present, thereby potentially engaging in riskier livelihoods sectors less protected by labour regulations.14 They may also be more likely to participate in the activities of organized criminal groups involved in the exploitation of natural resources. These dynamics can further undermine the ability of the Government to provide benefits (i.e., education, healthcare and development) and resources to communities due to a loss of tax revenue from formal economic sectors, as well as create the right conditions for illicit trade in weapons, ammunition and other illicit goods. This combination of factors can increase the likelihood that additional resentments will build and fuel recruitment into armed forces and groups.Finally, in some cases, scorched earth tactics may be used to gain control of a particular territory, resulting in significant displacement of populations and permanent damage to the environment. To secure a strategic advantage, demoralize local populations or subdue resistance, leaders and members of armed forces and groups may pollute water wells, burn crops, cut down forests, poison soils and kill domestic animals. In some cases, entire ecosystems have been deliberately targeted to achieve political and military goals. These tactics can result in grievances that ultimately undermine DDR processes and sustainable peace, and limit the positive role that natural resource management can play in sustaining peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1421, "Sentence":"When access to these resources is disrupted - and especially where long-standing historic grievances (real or perceived) over access to land and resources are present - natural resources may be more easily exploited to encourage recruitment by armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources access resource disrupted especially longstanding historic grievance real perceived access land resource present natural resource may easily exploited encourage recruitment armed group ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Contributing to the causes of conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Natural resources underpin livelihoods and the socio-cultural rights of peoples in many parts of the world. When access to these resources is disrupted - and especially where long-standing historic grievances (real or perceived) over access to land and resources are present - natural resources may be more easily exploited to encourage recruitment by armed groups. This relationship can be complex, but there is evidence in the historical record as to how access to land or other natural resources can motivate parties to a conflict. Grievances related to land (communal or individually owned) and access to resources can be deeply embedded in the historical narrative of peoples and hugely motivating for individuals and groups to participate in violent conflict. These dynamics are critical for DDR practitioners to understand and to factor into planning.Natural resources can also contribute to the causes of conflict where their governance and management has been handled in a way that privileges certain social or ethnic groups over others. Marginalized groups, excluded from access to natural resources and related benefits, may be more inclined to participate in the illicit or informal economy where armed conflict is present, thereby potentially engaging in riskier livelihoods sectors less protected by labour regulations.14 They may also be more likely to participate in the activities of organized criminal groups involved in the exploitation of natural resources. These dynamics can further undermine the ability of the Government to provide benefits (i.e., education, healthcare and development) and resources to communities due to a loss of tax revenue from formal economic sectors, as well as create the right conditions for illicit trade in weapons, ammunition and other illicit goods. This combination of factors can increase the likelihood that additional resentments will build and fuel recruitment into armed forces and groups.Finally, in some cases, scorched earth tactics may be used to gain control of a particular territory, resulting in significant displacement of populations and permanent damage to the environment. To secure a strategic advantage, demoralize local populations or subdue resistance, leaders and members of armed forces and groups may pollute water wells, burn crops, cut down forests, poison soils and kill domestic animals. In some cases, entire ecosystems have been deliberately targeted to achieve political and military goals. These tactics can result in grievances that ultimately undermine DDR processes and sustainable peace, and limit the positive role that natural resource management can play in sustaining peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1421, "Sentence":"This relationship can be complex, but there is evidence in the historical record as to how access to land or other natural resources can motivate parties to a conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources relationship complex evidence historical record access land natural resource motivate party conflict ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Contributing to the causes of conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Natural resources underpin livelihoods and the socio-cultural rights of peoples in many parts of the world. When access to these resources is disrupted - and especially where long-standing historic grievances (real or perceived) over access to land and resources are present - natural resources may be more easily exploited to encourage recruitment by armed groups. This relationship can be complex, but there is evidence in the historical record as to how access to land or other natural resources can motivate parties to a conflict. Grievances related to land (communal or individually owned) and access to resources can be deeply embedded in the historical narrative of peoples and hugely motivating for individuals and groups to participate in violent conflict. These dynamics are critical for DDR practitioners to understand and to factor into planning.Natural resources can also contribute to the causes of conflict where their governance and management has been handled in a way that privileges certain social or ethnic groups over others. Marginalized groups, excluded from access to natural resources and related benefits, may be more inclined to participate in the illicit or informal economy where armed conflict is present, thereby potentially engaging in riskier livelihoods sectors less protected by labour regulations.14 They may also be more likely to participate in the activities of organized criminal groups involved in the exploitation of natural resources. These dynamics can further undermine the ability of the Government to provide benefits (i.e., education, healthcare and development) and resources to communities due to a loss of tax revenue from formal economic sectors, as well as create the right conditions for illicit trade in weapons, ammunition and other illicit goods. This combination of factors can increase the likelihood that additional resentments will build and fuel recruitment into armed forces and groups.Finally, in some cases, scorched earth tactics may be used to gain control of a particular territory, resulting in significant displacement of populations and permanent damage to the environment. To secure a strategic advantage, demoralize local populations or subdue resistance, leaders and members of armed forces and groups may pollute water wells, burn crops, cut down forests, poison soils and kill domestic animals. In some cases, entire ecosystems have been deliberately targeted to achieve political and military goals. These tactics can result in grievances that ultimately undermine DDR processes and sustainable peace, and limit the positive role that natural resource management can play in sustaining peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1421, "Sentence":"Grievances related to land (communal or individually owned) and access to resources can be deeply embedded in the historical narrative of peoples and hugely motivating for individuals and groups to participate in violent conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources grievance related land communal individually owned access resource deeply embedded historical narrative people hugely motivating individual group participate violent conflict ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Contributing to the causes of conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Natural resources underpin livelihoods and the socio-cultural rights of peoples in many parts of the world. When access to these resources is disrupted - and especially where long-standing historic grievances (real or perceived) over access to land and resources are present - natural resources may be more easily exploited to encourage recruitment by armed groups. This relationship can be complex, but there is evidence in the historical record as to how access to land or other natural resources can motivate parties to a conflict. Grievances related to land (communal or individually owned) and access to resources can be deeply embedded in the historical narrative of peoples and hugely motivating for individuals and groups to participate in violent conflict. These dynamics are critical for DDR practitioners to understand and to factor into planning.Natural resources can also contribute to the causes of conflict where their governance and management has been handled in a way that privileges certain social or ethnic groups over others. Marginalized groups, excluded from access to natural resources and related benefits, may be more inclined to participate in the illicit or informal economy where armed conflict is present, thereby potentially engaging in riskier livelihoods sectors less protected by labour regulations.14 They may also be more likely to participate in the activities of organized criminal groups involved in the exploitation of natural resources. These dynamics can further undermine the ability of the Government to provide benefits (i.e., education, healthcare and development) and resources to communities due to a loss of tax revenue from formal economic sectors, as well as create the right conditions for illicit trade in weapons, ammunition and other illicit goods. This combination of factors can increase the likelihood that additional resentments will build and fuel recruitment into armed forces and groups.Finally, in some cases, scorched earth tactics may be used to gain control of a particular territory, resulting in significant displacement of populations and permanent damage to the environment. To secure a strategic advantage, demoralize local populations or subdue resistance, leaders and members of armed forces and groups may pollute water wells, burn crops, cut down forests, poison soils and kill domestic animals. In some cases, entire ecosystems have been deliberately targeted to achieve political and military goals. These tactics can result in grievances that ultimately undermine DDR processes and sustainable peace, and limit the positive role that natural resource management can play in sustaining peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1421, "Sentence":"These dynamics are critical for DDR practitioners to understand and to factor into planning.Natural resources can also contribute to the causes of conflict where their governance and management has been handled in a way that privileges certain social or ethnic groups over others.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources dynamic critical ddr practitioner understand factor planning.natural resource also contribute cause conflict governance management handled way privilege certain social ethnic group others ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Contributing to the causes of conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Natural resources underpin livelihoods and the socio-cultural rights of peoples in many parts of the world. When access to these resources is disrupted - and especially where long-standing historic grievances (real or perceived) over access to land and resources are present - natural resources may be more easily exploited to encourage recruitment by armed groups. This relationship can be complex, but there is evidence in the historical record as to how access to land or other natural resources can motivate parties to a conflict. Grievances related to land (communal or individually owned) and access to resources can be deeply embedded in the historical narrative of peoples and hugely motivating for individuals and groups to participate in violent conflict. These dynamics are critical for DDR practitioners to understand and to factor into planning.Natural resources can also contribute to the causes of conflict where their governance and management has been handled in a way that privileges certain social or ethnic groups over others. Marginalized groups, excluded from access to natural resources and related benefits, may be more inclined to participate in the illicit or informal economy where armed conflict is present, thereby potentially engaging in riskier livelihoods sectors less protected by labour regulations.14 They may also be more likely to participate in the activities of organized criminal groups involved in the exploitation of natural resources. These dynamics can further undermine the ability of the Government to provide benefits (i.e., education, healthcare and development) and resources to communities due to a loss of tax revenue from formal economic sectors, as well as create the right conditions for illicit trade in weapons, ammunition and other illicit goods. This combination of factors can increase the likelihood that additional resentments will build and fuel recruitment into armed forces and groups.Finally, in some cases, scorched earth tactics may be used to gain control of a particular territory, resulting in significant displacement of populations and permanent damage to the environment. To secure a strategic advantage, demoralize local populations or subdue resistance, leaders and members of armed forces and groups may pollute water wells, burn crops, cut down forests, poison soils and kill domestic animals. In some cases, entire ecosystems have been deliberately targeted to achieve political and military goals. These tactics can result in grievances that ultimately undermine DDR processes and sustainable peace, and limit the positive role that natural resource management can play in sustaining peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1421, "Sentence":"Marginalized groups, excluded from access to natural resources and related benefits, may be more inclined to participate in the illicit or informal economy where armed conflict is present, thereby potentially engaging in riskier livelihoods sectors less protected by labour regulations.14 They may also be more likely to participate in the activities of organized criminal groups involved in the exploitation of natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources marginalized group excluded access natural resource related benefit may inclined participate illicit informal economy armed conflict present thereby potentially engaging riskier livelihood sector le protected labour regulations.14 may also likely participate activity organized criminal group involved exploitation natural resource ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Contributing to the causes of conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Natural resources underpin livelihoods and the socio-cultural rights of peoples in many parts of the world. When access to these resources is disrupted - and especially where long-standing historic grievances (real or perceived) over access to land and resources are present - natural resources may be more easily exploited to encourage recruitment by armed groups. This relationship can be complex, but there is evidence in the historical record as to how access to land or other natural resources can motivate parties to a conflict. Grievances related to land (communal or individually owned) and access to resources can be deeply embedded in the historical narrative of peoples and hugely motivating for individuals and groups to participate in violent conflict. These dynamics are critical for DDR practitioners to understand and to factor into planning.Natural resources can also contribute to the causes of conflict where their governance and management has been handled in a way that privileges certain social or ethnic groups over others. Marginalized groups, excluded from access to natural resources and related benefits, may be more inclined to participate in the illicit or informal economy where armed conflict is present, thereby potentially engaging in riskier livelihoods sectors less protected by labour regulations.14 They may also be more likely to participate in the activities of organized criminal groups involved in the exploitation of natural resources. These dynamics can further undermine the ability of the Government to provide benefits (i.e., education, healthcare and development) and resources to communities due to a loss of tax revenue from formal economic sectors, as well as create the right conditions for illicit trade in weapons, ammunition and other illicit goods. This combination of factors can increase the likelihood that additional resentments will build and fuel recruitment into armed forces and groups.Finally, in some cases, scorched earth tactics may be used to gain control of a particular territory, resulting in significant displacement of populations and permanent damage to the environment. To secure a strategic advantage, demoralize local populations or subdue resistance, leaders and members of armed forces and groups may pollute water wells, burn crops, cut down forests, poison soils and kill domestic animals. In some cases, entire ecosystems have been deliberately targeted to achieve political and military goals. These tactics can result in grievances that ultimately undermine DDR processes and sustainable peace, and limit the positive role that natural resource management can play in sustaining peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1421, "Sentence":"These dynamics can further undermine the ability of the Government to provide benefits (i.e., education, healthcare and development) and resources to communities due to a loss of tax revenue from formal economic sectors, as well as create the right conditions for illicit trade in weapons, ammunition and other illicit goods.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources dynamic undermine ability government provide benefit i.e . education healthcare development resource community due loss tax revenue formal economic sector well create right condition illicit trade weapon ammunition illicit good ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Contributing to the causes of conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Natural resources underpin livelihoods and the socio-cultural rights of peoples in many parts of the world. When access to these resources is disrupted - and especially where long-standing historic grievances (real or perceived) over access to land and resources are present - natural resources may be more easily exploited to encourage recruitment by armed groups. This relationship can be complex, but there is evidence in the historical record as to how access to land or other natural resources can motivate parties to a conflict. Grievances related to land (communal or individually owned) and access to resources can be deeply embedded in the historical narrative of peoples and hugely motivating for individuals and groups to participate in violent conflict. These dynamics are critical for DDR practitioners to understand and to factor into planning.Natural resources can also contribute to the causes of conflict where their governance and management has been handled in a way that privileges certain social or ethnic groups over others. Marginalized groups, excluded from access to natural resources and related benefits, may be more inclined to participate in the illicit or informal economy where armed conflict is present, thereby potentially engaging in riskier livelihoods sectors less protected by labour regulations.14 They may also be more likely to participate in the activities of organized criminal groups involved in the exploitation of natural resources. These dynamics can further undermine the ability of the Government to provide benefits (i.e., education, healthcare and development) and resources to communities due to a loss of tax revenue from formal economic sectors, as well as create the right conditions for illicit trade in weapons, ammunition and other illicit goods. This combination of factors can increase the likelihood that additional resentments will build and fuel recruitment into armed forces and groups.Finally, in some cases, scorched earth tactics may be used to gain control of a particular territory, resulting in significant displacement of populations and permanent damage to the environment. To secure a strategic advantage, demoralize local populations or subdue resistance, leaders and members of armed forces and groups may pollute water wells, burn crops, cut down forests, poison soils and kill domestic animals. In some cases, entire ecosystems have been deliberately targeted to achieve political and military goals. These tactics can result in grievances that ultimately undermine DDR processes and sustainable peace, and limit the positive role that natural resource management can play in sustaining peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1421, "Sentence":"This combination of factors can increase the likelihood that additional resentments will build and fuel recruitment into armed forces and groups.Finally, in some cases, scorched earth tactics may be used to gain control of a particular territory, resulting in significant displacement of populations and permanent damage to the environment.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources combination factor increase likelihood additional resentment build fuel recruitment armed force groups.finally case scorched earth tactic may used gain control particular territory resulting significant displacement population permanent damage environment ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Contributing to the causes of conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Natural resources underpin livelihoods and the socio-cultural rights of peoples in many parts of the world. When access to these resources is disrupted - and especially where long-standing historic grievances (real or perceived) over access to land and resources are present - natural resources may be more easily exploited to encourage recruitment by armed groups. This relationship can be complex, but there is evidence in the historical record as to how access to land or other natural resources can motivate parties to a conflict. Grievances related to land (communal or individually owned) and access to resources can be deeply embedded in the historical narrative of peoples and hugely motivating for individuals and groups to participate in violent conflict. These dynamics are critical for DDR practitioners to understand and to factor into planning.Natural resources can also contribute to the causes of conflict where their governance and management has been handled in a way that privileges certain social or ethnic groups over others. Marginalized groups, excluded from access to natural resources and related benefits, may be more inclined to participate in the illicit or informal economy where armed conflict is present, thereby potentially engaging in riskier livelihoods sectors less protected by labour regulations.14 They may also be more likely to participate in the activities of organized criminal groups involved in the exploitation of natural resources. These dynamics can further undermine the ability of the Government to provide benefits (i.e., education, healthcare and development) and resources to communities due to a loss of tax revenue from formal economic sectors, as well as create the right conditions for illicit trade in weapons, ammunition and other illicit goods. This combination of factors can increase the likelihood that additional resentments will build and fuel recruitment into armed forces and groups.Finally, in some cases, scorched earth tactics may be used to gain control of a particular territory, resulting in significant displacement of populations and permanent damage to the environment. To secure a strategic advantage, demoralize local populations or subdue resistance, leaders and members of armed forces and groups may pollute water wells, burn crops, cut down forests, poison soils and kill domestic animals. In some cases, entire ecosystems have been deliberately targeted to achieve political and military goals. These tactics can result in grievances that ultimately undermine DDR processes and sustainable peace, and limit the positive role that natural resource management can play in sustaining peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1421, "Sentence":"To secure a strategic advantage, demoralize local populations or subdue resistance, leaders and members of armed forces and groups may pollute water wells, burn crops, cut down forests, poison soils and kill domestic animals.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources secure strategic advantage demoralize local population subdue resistance leader member armed force group may pollute water well burn crop cut forest poison soil kill domestic animal ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Contributing to the causes of conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Natural resources underpin livelihoods and the socio-cultural rights of peoples in many parts of the world. When access to these resources is disrupted - and especially where long-standing historic grievances (real or perceived) over access to land and resources are present - natural resources may be more easily exploited to encourage recruitment by armed groups. This relationship can be complex, but there is evidence in the historical record as to how access to land or other natural resources can motivate parties to a conflict. Grievances related to land (communal or individually owned) and access to resources can be deeply embedded in the historical narrative of peoples and hugely motivating for individuals and groups to participate in violent conflict. These dynamics are critical for DDR practitioners to understand and to factor into planning.Natural resources can also contribute to the causes of conflict where their governance and management has been handled in a way that privileges certain social or ethnic groups over others. Marginalized groups, excluded from access to natural resources and related benefits, may be more inclined to participate in the illicit or informal economy where armed conflict is present, thereby potentially engaging in riskier livelihoods sectors less protected by labour regulations.14 They may also be more likely to participate in the activities of organized criminal groups involved in the exploitation of natural resources. These dynamics can further undermine the ability of the Government to provide benefits (i.e., education, healthcare and development) and resources to communities due to a loss of tax revenue from formal economic sectors, as well as create the right conditions for illicit trade in weapons, ammunition and other illicit goods. This combination of factors can increase the likelihood that additional resentments will build and fuel recruitment into armed forces and groups.Finally, in some cases, scorched earth tactics may be used to gain control of a particular territory, resulting in significant displacement of populations and permanent damage to the environment. To secure a strategic advantage, demoralize local populations or subdue resistance, leaders and members of armed forces and groups may pollute water wells, burn crops, cut down forests, poison soils and kill domestic animals. In some cases, entire ecosystems have been deliberately targeted to achieve political and military goals. These tactics can result in grievances that ultimately undermine DDR processes and sustainable peace, and limit the positive role that natural resource management can play in sustaining peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1421, "Sentence":"In some cases, entire ecosystems have been deliberately targeted to achieve political and military goals.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources case entire ecosystem deliberately targeted achieve political military goal ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.1 Contributing to the causes of conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Natural resources underpin livelihoods and the socio-cultural rights of peoples in many parts of the world. When access to these resources is disrupted - and especially where long-standing historic grievances (real or perceived) over access to land and resources are present - natural resources may be more easily exploited to encourage recruitment by armed groups. This relationship can be complex, but there is evidence in the historical record as to how access to land or other natural resources can motivate parties to a conflict. Grievances related to land (communal or individually owned) and access to resources can be deeply embedded in the historical narrative of peoples and hugely motivating for individuals and groups to participate in violent conflict. These dynamics are critical for DDR practitioners to understand and to factor into planning.Natural resources can also contribute to the causes of conflict where their governance and management has been handled in a way that privileges certain social or ethnic groups over others. Marginalized groups, excluded from access to natural resources and related benefits, may be more inclined to participate in the illicit or informal economy where armed conflict is present, thereby potentially engaging in riskier livelihoods sectors less protected by labour regulations.14 They may also be more likely to participate in the activities of organized criminal groups involved in the exploitation of natural resources. These dynamics can further undermine the ability of the Government to provide benefits (i.e., education, healthcare and development) and resources to communities due to a loss of tax revenue from formal economic sectors, as well as create the right conditions for illicit trade in weapons, ammunition and other illicit goods. This combination of factors can increase the likelihood that additional resentments will build and fuel recruitment into armed forces and groups.Finally, in some cases, scorched earth tactics may be used to gain control of a particular territory, resulting in significant displacement of populations and permanent damage to the environment. To secure a strategic advantage, demoralize local populations or subdue resistance, leaders and members of armed forces and groups may pollute water wells, burn crops, cut down forests, poison soils and kill domestic animals. In some cases, entire ecosystems have been deliberately targeted to achieve political and military goals. These tactics can result in grievances that ultimately undermine DDR processes and sustainable peace, and limit the positive role that natural resource management can play in sustaining peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1421, "Sentence":"These tactics can result in grievances that ultimately undermine DDR processes and sustainable peace, and limit the positive role that natural resource management can play in sustaining peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources tactic result grievance ultimately undermine ddr process sustainable peace limit positive role natural resource management play sustaining peace ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 Financing and sustaining conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Once armed conflict is underway, natural resources will often be targeted by armed forces and groups - as well as organized criminal groups - in order to trade them for revenues or for weapons and ammunition. These resources may be used to finance the activities of armed forces and groups, including their ability to compensate recruits, purchase weapons and ammunition, acquire materials necessary for transportation or control of strategic territories, and even their ability to expand territorial control. The exploitation of natural resources in conflict contexts is also closely linked to corruption and weak governance, where government, organized criminal groups, the private sector and armed forces and groups become interdependent through the licit or illicit revenue and trade flows that natural resources provide. In this way, armed groups and organized criminal groups can even capture the role of government and can integrate themselves into political processes by leveraging their influence over trade and access to markets and associated revenues (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime).In addition to capturing the market for natural resources, the financing of weapons and ammunition may permit armed forces and groups to coerce or force communities to abandon their lands and territories, depriving them of livelihoods resources such as livestock or crops. Hostile takeovers of land can also target valuable natural resources for the purpose of taxing their local trade routes or gaining access to markets and\/or licit or illicit commodity flows associated with those resources.15 This is especially true in contexts of weak governance.Conflict contexts with weak governance are ripe for the proliferation of organized criminal groups and capture of revenues from the exploitation and trade of natural resources. However, this is only possible where there are market actors willing to purchase these resources and to engage in trade with armed forces and groups. This relationship may be further complicated on the ground by the different actors involved in markets and trade, which could include government authorities in customs and border protection, shell companies created to purposely distort the paper trail around this trade and subvert efforts at traceability by markets further downstream (i.e., closer to the end consumer), or direct involvement of other governments surrounding the country experiencing violent conflict to facilitate this trade. In these cases, the private sector at the local and national level, as well as buyers in international markets, may be implicated, whether the resources are legally or illegally traded. The relationship between the private sector and armed forces and groups in conflict is complex and can involve trade, arms and financial flows that may or may not be addressed by sanctions regimes, national and international regulations or other measures.Tracing conflict resources in global supply chains is inherently difficult; these materials may be one of hundreds that are part of a product purchased by an end user and may be traded through dozens of markets and jurisdictions before they end up in a manufacturing process, allowing multiple opportunities for the laundering of resources through fake certificates in the chain of custody.16 Consumer goods companies find the traceability of materials to a point of origin challenging in the best of circumstances; the complexities of a war economy and outbreak of violent conflict makes this even more complicated. However, technologies developed in recent years - including chemical markers, RFID tags and QR codes - are increasingly reliable, and the manufacturers, brands and retailers who sell products that contain conflict resources are increasingly subject to legal regimes that address these issues, depending on where they are domiciled.17 Globally, legal regimes that address conflict resources in global supply chains are still nascent, but awareness of these issues is growing in consumer markets and technological solutions to traceability and company due diligence challenges are emerging at a rapid rate.18There are many groups working to track the trade in conflict resources that DDR practitioners can collaborate with to ensure they are able to identify critical changes and shifts in the activities, tactics and potential resource flows of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should seek out these resources and engage these stakeholders to support assessments and the design and implementation of DDR processes whenever appropriate and possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1422, "Sentence":"Once armed conflict is underway, natural resources will often be targeted by armed forces and groups - as well as organized criminal groups - in order to trade them for revenues or for weapons and ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources armed conflict underway natural resource often targeted armed force group well organized criminal group order trade revenue weapon ammunition ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 Financing and sustaining conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Once armed conflict is underway, natural resources will often be targeted by armed forces and groups - as well as organized criminal groups - in order to trade them for revenues or for weapons and ammunition. These resources may be used to finance the activities of armed forces and groups, including their ability to compensate recruits, purchase weapons and ammunition, acquire materials necessary for transportation or control of strategic territories, and even their ability to expand territorial control. The exploitation of natural resources in conflict contexts is also closely linked to corruption and weak governance, where government, organized criminal groups, the private sector and armed forces and groups become interdependent through the licit or illicit revenue and trade flows that natural resources provide. In this way, armed groups and organized criminal groups can even capture the role of government and can integrate themselves into political processes by leveraging their influence over trade and access to markets and associated revenues (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime).In addition to capturing the market for natural resources, the financing of weapons and ammunition may permit armed forces and groups to coerce or force communities to abandon their lands and territories, depriving them of livelihoods resources such as livestock or crops. Hostile takeovers of land can also target valuable natural resources for the purpose of taxing their local trade routes or gaining access to markets and\/or licit or illicit commodity flows associated with those resources.15 This is especially true in contexts of weak governance.Conflict contexts with weak governance are ripe for the proliferation of organized criminal groups and capture of revenues from the exploitation and trade of natural resources. However, this is only possible where there are market actors willing to purchase these resources and to engage in trade with armed forces and groups. This relationship may be further complicated on the ground by the different actors involved in markets and trade, which could include government authorities in customs and border protection, shell companies created to purposely distort the paper trail around this trade and subvert efforts at traceability by markets further downstream (i.e., closer to the end consumer), or direct involvement of other governments surrounding the country experiencing violent conflict to facilitate this trade. In these cases, the private sector at the local and national level, as well as buyers in international markets, may be implicated, whether the resources are legally or illegally traded. The relationship between the private sector and armed forces and groups in conflict is complex and can involve trade, arms and financial flows that may or may not be addressed by sanctions regimes, national and international regulations or other measures.Tracing conflict resources in global supply chains is inherently difficult; these materials may be one of hundreds that are part of a product purchased by an end user and may be traded through dozens of markets and jurisdictions before they end up in a manufacturing process, allowing multiple opportunities for the laundering of resources through fake certificates in the chain of custody.16 Consumer goods companies find the traceability of materials to a point of origin challenging in the best of circumstances; the complexities of a war economy and outbreak of violent conflict makes this even more complicated. However, technologies developed in recent years - including chemical markers, RFID tags and QR codes - are increasingly reliable, and the manufacturers, brands and retailers who sell products that contain conflict resources are increasingly subject to legal regimes that address these issues, depending on where they are domiciled.17 Globally, legal regimes that address conflict resources in global supply chains are still nascent, but awareness of these issues is growing in consumer markets and technological solutions to traceability and company due diligence challenges are emerging at a rapid rate.18There are many groups working to track the trade in conflict resources that DDR practitioners can collaborate with to ensure they are able to identify critical changes and shifts in the activities, tactics and potential resource flows of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should seek out these resources and engage these stakeholders to support assessments and the design and implementation of DDR processes whenever appropriate and possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1422, "Sentence":"These resources may be used to finance the activities of armed forces and groups, including their ability to compensate recruits, purchase weapons and ammunition, acquire materials necessary for transportation or control of strategic territories, and even their ability to expand territorial control.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources resource may used finance activity armed force group including ability compensate recruit purchase weapon ammunition acquire material necessary transportation control strategic territory even ability expand territorial control ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 Financing and sustaining conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Once armed conflict is underway, natural resources will often be targeted by armed forces and groups - as well as organized criminal groups - in order to trade them for revenues or for weapons and ammunition. These resources may be used to finance the activities of armed forces and groups, including their ability to compensate recruits, purchase weapons and ammunition, acquire materials necessary for transportation or control of strategic territories, and even their ability to expand territorial control. The exploitation of natural resources in conflict contexts is also closely linked to corruption and weak governance, where government, organized criminal groups, the private sector and armed forces and groups become interdependent through the licit or illicit revenue and trade flows that natural resources provide. In this way, armed groups and organized criminal groups can even capture the role of government and can integrate themselves into political processes by leveraging their influence over trade and access to markets and associated revenues (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime).In addition to capturing the market for natural resources, the financing of weapons and ammunition may permit armed forces and groups to coerce or force communities to abandon their lands and territories, depriving them of livelihoods resources such as livestock or crops. Hostile takeovers of land can also target valuable natural resources for the purpose of taxing their local trade routes or gaining access to markets and\/or licit or illicit commodity flows associated with those resources.15 This is especially true in contexts of weak governance.Conflict contexts with weak governance are ripe for the proliferation of organized criminal groups and capture of revenues from the exploitation and trade of natural resources. However, this is only possible where there are market actors willing to purchase these resources and to engage in trade with armed forces and groups. This relationship may be further complicated on the ground by the different actors involved in markets and trade, which could include government authorities in customs and border protection, shell companies created to purposely distort the paper trail around this trade and subvert efforts at traceability by markets further downstream (i.e., closer to the end consumer), or direct involvement of other governments surrounding the country experiencing violent conflict to facilitate this trade. In these cases, the private sector at the local and national level, as well as buyers in international markets, may be implicated, whether the resources are legally or illegally traded. The relationship between the private sector and armed forces and groups in conflict is complex and can involve trade, arms and financial flows that may or may not be addressed by sanctions regimes, national and international regulations or other measures.Tracing conflict resources in global supply chains is inherently difficult; these materials may be one of hundreds that are part of a product purchased by an end user and may be traded through dozens of markets and jurisdictions before they end up in a manufacturing process, allowing multiple opportunities for the laundering of resources through fake certificates in the chain of custody.16 Consumer goods companies find the traceability of materials to a point of origin challenging in the best of circumstances; the complexities of a war economy and outbreak of violent conflict makes this even more complicated. However, technologies developed in recent years - including chemical markers, RFID tags and QR codes - are increasingly reliable, and the manufacturers, brands and retailers who sell products that contain conflict resources are increasingly subject to legal regimes that address these issues, depending on where they are domiciled.17 Globally, legal regimes that address conflict resources in global supply chains are still nascent, but awareness of these issues is growing in consumer markets and technological solutions to traceability and company due diligence challenges are emerging at a rapid rate.18There are many groups working to track the trade in conflict resources that DDR practitioners can collaborate with to ensure they are able to identify critical changes and shifts in the activities, tactics and potential resource flows of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should seek out these resources and engage these stakeholders to support assessments and the design and implementation of DDR processes whenever appropriate and possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1422, "Sentence":"The exploitation of natural resources in conflict contexts is also closely linked to corruption and weak governance, where government, organized criminal groups, the private sector and armed forces and groups become interdependent through the licit or illicit revenue and trade flows that natural resources provide.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources exploitation natural resource conflict context also closely linked corruption weak governance government organized criminal group private sector armed force group become interdependent licit illicit revenue trade flow natural resource provide ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 Financing and sustaining conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Once armed conflict is underway, natural resources will often be targeted by armed forces and groups - as well as organized criminal groups - in order to trade them for revenues or for weapons and ammunition. These resources may be used to finance the activities of armed forces and groups, including their ability to compensate recruits, purchase weapons and ammunition, acquire materials necessary for transportation or control of strategic territories, and even their ability to expand territorial control. The exploitation of natural resources in conflict contexts is also closely linked to corruption and weak governance, where government, organized criminal groups, the private sector and armed forces and groups become interdependent through the licit or illicit revenue and trade flows that natural resources provide. In this way, armed groups and organized criminal groups can even capture the role of government and can integrate themselves into political processes by leveraging their influence over trade and access to markets and associated revenues (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime).In addition to capturing the market for natural resources, the financing of weapons and ammunition may permit armed forces and groups to coerce or force communities to abandon their lands and territories, depriving them of livelihoods resources such as livestock or crops. Hostile takeovers of land can also target valuable natural resources for the purpose of taxing their local trade routes or gaining access to markets and\/or licit or illicit commodity flows associated with those resources.15 This is especially true in contexts of weak governance.Conflict contexts with weak governance are ripe for the proliferation of organized criminal groups and capture of revenues from the exploitation and trade of natural resources. However, this is only possible where there are market actors willing to purchase these resources and to engage in trade with armed forces and groups. This relationship may be further complicated on the ground by the different actors involved in markets and trade, which could include government authorities in customs and border protection, shell companies created to purposely distort the paper trail around this trade and subvert efforts at traceability by markets further downstream (i.e., closer to the end consumer), or direct involvement of other governments surrounding the country experiencing violent conflict to facilitate this trade. In these cases, the private sector at the local and national level, as well as buyers in international markets, may be implicated, whether the resources are legally or illegally traded. The relationship between the private sector and armed forces and groups in conflict is complex and can involve trade, arms and financial flows that may or may not be addressed by sanctions regimes, national and international regulations or other measures.Tracing conflict resources in global supply chains is inherently difficult; these materials may be one of hundreds that are part of a product purchased by an end user and may be traded through dozens of markets and jurisdictions before they end up in a manufacturing process, allowing multiple opportunities for the laundering of resources through fake certificates in the chain of custody.16 Consumer goods companies find the traceability of materials to a point of origin challenging in the best of circumstances; the complexities of a war economy and outbreak of violent conflict makes this even more complicated. However, technologies developed in recent years - including chemical markers, RFID tags and QR codes - are increasingly reliable, and the manufacturers, brands and retailers who sell products that contain conflict resources are increasingly subject to legal regimes that address these issues, depending on where they are domiciled.17 Globally, legal regimes that address conflict resources in global supply chains are still nascent, but awareness of these issues is growing in consumer markets and technological solutions to traceability and company due diligence challenges are emerging at a rapid rate.18There are many groups working to track the trade in conflict resources that DDR practitioners can collaborate with to ensure they are able to identify critical changes and shifts in the activities, tactics and potential resource flows of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should seek out these resources and engage these stakeholders to support assessments and the design and implementation of DDR processes whenever appropriate and possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1422, "Sentence":"In this way, armed groups and organized criminal groups can even capture the role of government and can integrate themselves into political processes by leveraging their influence over trade and access to markets and associated revenues (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime).In addition to capturing the market for natural resources, the financing of weapons and ammunition may permit armed forces and groups to coerce or force communities to abandon their lands and territories, depriving them of livelihoods resources such as livestock or crops.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources way armed group organized criminal group even capture role government integrate political process leveraging influence trade access market associated revenue see iddrs 6.40 ddr organized crime.in addition capturing market natural resource financing weapon ammunition may permit armed force group coerce force community abandon land territory depriving livelihood resource livestock crop ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 Financing and sustaining conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Once armed conflict is underway, natural resources will often be targeted by armed forces and groups - as well as organized criminal groups - in order to trade them for revenues or for weapons and ammunition. These resources may be used to finance the activities of armed forces and groups, including their ability to compensate recruits, purchase weapons and ammunition, acquire materials necessary for transportation or control of strategic territories, and even their ability to expand territorial control. The exploitation of natural resources in conflict contexts is also closely linked to corruption and weak governance, where government, organized criminal groups, the private sector and armed forces and groups become interdependent through the licit or illicit revenue and trade flows that natural resources provide. In this way, armed groups and organized criminal groups can even capture the role of government and can integrate themselves into political processes by leveraging their influence over trade and access to markets and associated revenues (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime).In addition to capturing the market for natural resources, the financing of weapons and ammunition may permit armed forces and groups to coerce or force communities to abandon their lands and territories, depriving them of livelihoods resources such as livestock or crops. Hostile takeovers of land can also target valuable natural resources for the purpose of taxing their local trade routes or gaining access to markets and\/or licit or illicit commodity flows associated with those resources.15 This is especially true in contexts of weak governance.Conflict contexts with weak governance are ripe for the proliferation of organized criminal groups and capture of revenues from the exploitation and trade of natural resources. However, this is only possible where there are market actors willing to purchase these resources and to engage in trade with armed forces and groups. This relationship may be further complicated on the ground by the different actors involved in markets and trade, which could include government authorities in customs and border protection, shell companies created to purposely distort the paper trail around this trade and subvert efforts at traceability by markets further downstream (i.e., closer to the end consumer), or direct involvement of other governments surrounding the country experiencing violent conflict to facilitate this trade. In these cases, the private sector at the local and national level, as well as buyers in international markets, may be implicated, whether the resources are legally or illegally traded. The relationship between the private sector and armed forces and groups in conflict is complex and can involve trade, arms and financial flows that may or may not be addressed by sanctions regimes, national and international regulations or other measures.Tracing conflict resources in global supply chains is inherently difficult; these materials may be one of hundreds that are part of a product purchased by an end user and may be traded through dozens of markets and jurisdictions before they end up in a manufacturing process, allowing multiple opportunities for the laundering of resources through fake certificates in the chain of custody.16 Consumer goods companies find the traceability of materials to a point of origin challenging in the best of circumstances; the complexities of a war economy and outbreak of violent conflict makes this even more complicated. However, technologies developed in recent years - including chemical markers, RFID tags and QR codes - are increasingly reliable, and the manufacturers, brands and retailers who sell products that contain conflict resources are increasingly subject to legal regimes that address these issues, depending on where they are domiciled.17 Globally, legal regimes that address conflict resources in global supply chains are still nascent, but awareness of these issues is growing in consumer markets and technological solutions to traceability and company due diligence challenges are emerging at a rapid rate.18There are many groups working to track the trade in conflict resources that DDR practitioners can collaborate with to ensure they are able to identify critical changes and shifts in the activities, tactics and potential resource flows of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should seek out these resources and engage these stakeholders to support assessments and the design and implementation of DDR processes whenever appropriate and possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1422, "Sentence":"Hostile takeovers of land can also target valuable natural resources for the purpose of taxing their local trade routes or gaining access to markets and\/or licit or illicit commodity flows associated with those resources.15 This is especially true in contexts of weak governance.Conflict contexts with weak governance are ripe for the proliferation of organized criminal groups and capture of revenues from the exploitation and trade of natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources hostile takeover land also target valuable natural resource purpose taxing local trade route gaining access market and\/or licit illicit commodity flow associated resources.15 especially true context weak governance.conflict context weak governance ripe proliferation organized criminal group capture revenue exploitation trade natural resource ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 Financing and sustaining conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Once armed conflict is underway, natural resources will often be targeted by armed forces and groups - as well as organized criminal groups - in order to trade them for revenues or for weapons and ammunition. These resources may be used to finance the activities of armed forces and groups, including their ability to compensate recruits, purchase weapons and ammunition, acquire materials necessary for transportation or control of strategic territories, and even their ability to expand territorial control. The exploitation of natural resources in conflict contexts is also closely linked to corruption and weak governance, where government, organized criminal groups, the private sector and armed forces and groups become interdependent through the licit or illicit revenue and trade flows that natural resources provide. In this way, armed groups and organized criminal groups can even capture the role of government and can integrate themselves into political processes by leveraging their influence over trade and access to markets and associated revenues (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime).In addition to capturing the market for natural resources, the financing of weapons and ammunition may permit armed forces and groups to coerce or force communities to abandon their lands and territories, depriving them of livelihoods resources such as livestock or crops. Hostile takeovers of land can also target valuable natural resources for the purpose of taxing their local trade routes or gaining access to markets and\/or licit or illicit commodity flows associated with those resources.15 This is especially true in contexts of weak governance.Conflict contexts with weak governance are ripe for the proliferation of organized criminal groups and capture of revenues from the exploitation and trade of natural resources. However, this is only possible where there are market actors willing to purchase these resources and to engage in trade with armed forces and groups. This relationship may be further complicated on the ground by the different actors involved in markets and trade, which could include government authorities in customs and border protection, shell companies created to purposely distort the paper trail around this trade and subvert efforts at traceability by markets further downstream (i.e., closer to the end consumer), or direct involvement of other governments surrounding the country experiencing violent conflict to facilitate this trade. In these cases, the private sector at the local and national level, as well as buyers in international markets, may be implicated, whether the resources are legally or illegally traded. The relationship between the private sector and armed forces and groups in conflict is complex and can involve trade, arms and financial flows that may or may not be addressed by sanctions regimes, national and international regulations or other measures.Tracing conflict resources in global supply chains is inherently difficult; these materials may be one of hundreds that are part of a product purchased by an end user and may be traded through dozens of markets and jurisdictions before they end up in a manufacturing process, allowing multiple opportunities for the laundering of resources through fake certificates in the chain of custody.16 Consumer goods companies find the traceability of materials to a point of origin challenging in the best of circumstances; the complexities of a war economy and outbreak of violent conflict makes this even more complicated. However, technologies developed in recent years - including chemical markers, RFID tags and QR codes - are increasingly reliable, and the manufacturers, brands and retailers who sell products that contain conflict resources are increasingly subject to legal regimes that address these issues, depending on where they are domiciled.17 Globally, legal regimes that address conflict resources in global supply chains are still nascent, but awareness of these issues is growing in consumer markets and technological solutions to traceability and company due diligence challenges are emerging at a rapid rate.18There are many groups working to track the trade in conflict resources that DDR practitioners can collaborate with to ensure they are able to identify critical changes and shifts in the activities, tactics and potential resource flows of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should seek out these resources and engage these stakeholders to support assessments and the design and implementation of DDR processes whenever appropriate and possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1422, "Sentence":"However, this is only possible where there are market actors willing to purchase these resources and to engage in trade with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources however possible market actor willing purchase resource engage trade armed force group ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 Financing and sustaining conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Once armed conflict is underway, natural resources will often be targeted by armed forces and groups - as well as organized criminal groups - in order to trade them for revenues or for weapons and ammunition. These resources may be used to finance the activities of armed forces and groups, including their ability to compensate recruits, purchase weapons and ammunition, acquire materials necessary for transportation or control of strategic territories, and even their ability to expand territorial control. The exploitation of natural resources in conflict contexts is also closely linked to corruption and weak governance, where government, organized criminal groups, the private sector and armed forces and groups become interdependent through the licit or illicit revenue and trade flows that natural resources provide. In this way, armed groups and organized criminal groups can even capture the role of government and can integrate themselves into political processes by leveraging their influence over trade and access to markets and associated revenues (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime).In addition to capturing the market for natural resources, the financing of weapons and ammunition may permit armed forces and groups to coerce or force communities to abandon their lands and territories, depriving them of livelihoods resources such as livestock or crops. Hostile takeovers of land can also target valuable natural resources for the purpose of taxing their local trade routes or gaining access to markets and\/or licit or illicit commodity flows associated with those resources.15 This is especially true in contexts of weak governance.Conflict contexts with weak governance are ripe for the proliferation of organized criminal groups and capture of revenues from the exploitation and trade of natural resources. However, this is only possible where there are market actors willing to purchase these resources and to engage in trade with armed forces and groups. This relationship may be further complicated on the ground by the different actors involved in markets and trade, which could include government authorities in customs and border protection, shell companies created to purposely distort the paper trail around this trade and subvert efforts at traceability by markets further downstream (i.e., closer to the end consumer), or direct involvement of other governments surrounding the country experiencing violent conflict to facilitate this trade. In these cases, the private sector at the local and national level, as well as buyers in international markets, may be implicated, whether the resources are legally or illegally traded. The relationship between the private sector and armed forces and groups in conflict is complex and can involve trade, arms and financial flows that may or may not be addressed by sanctions regimes, national and international regulations or other measures.Tracing conflict resources in global supply chains is inherently difficult; these materials may be one of hundreds that are part of a product purchased by an end user and may be traded through dozens of markets and jurisdictions before they end up in a manufacturing process, allowing multiple opportunities for the laundering of resources through fake certificates in the chain of custody.16 Consumer goods companies find the traceability of materials to a point of origin challenging in the best of circumstances; the complexities of a war economy and outbreak of violent conflict makes this even more complicated. However, technologies developed in recent years - including chemical markers, RFID tags and QR codes - are increasingly reliable, and the manufacturers, brands and retailers who sell products that contain conflict resources are increasingly subject to legal regimes that address these issues, depending on where they are domiciled.17 Globally, legal regimes that address conflict resources in global supply chains are still nascent, but awareness of these issues is growing in consumer markets and technological solutions to traceability and company due diligence challenges are emerging at a rapid rate.18There are many groups working to track the trade in conflict resources that DDR practitioners can collaborate with to ensure they are able to identify critical changes and shifts in the activities, tactics and potential resource flows of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should seek out these resources and engage these stakeholders to support assessments and the design and implementation of DDR processes whenever appropriate and possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1422, "Sentence":"This relationship may be further complicated on the ground by the different actors involved in markets and trade, which could include government authorities in customs and border protection, shell companies created to purposely distort the paper trail around this trade and subvert efforts at traceability by markets further downstream (i.e., closer to the end consumer), or direct involvement of other governments surrounding the country experiencing violent conflict to facilitate this trade.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources relationship may complicated ground different actor involved market trade could include government authority custom border protection shell company created purposely distort paper trail around trade subvert effort traceability market downstream i.e . closer end consumer direct involvement government surrounding country experiencing violent conflict facilitate trade ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 Financing and sustaining conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Once armed conflict is underway, natural resources will often be targeted by armed forces and groups - as well as organized criminal groups - in order to trade them for revenues or for weapons and ammunition. These resources may be used to finance the activities of armed forces and groups, including their ability to compensate recruits, purchase weapons and ammunition, acquire materials necessary for transportation or control of strategic territories, and even their ability to expand territorial control. The exploitation of natural resources in conflict contexts is also closely linked to corruption and weak governance, where government, organized criminal groups, the private sector and armed forces and groups become interdependent through the licit or illicit revenue and trade flows that natural resources provide. In this way, armed groups and organized criminal groups can even capture the role of government and can integrate themselves into political processes by leveraging their influence over trade and access to markets and associated revenues (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime).In addition to capturing the market for natural resources, the financing of weapons and ammunition may permit armed forces and groups to coerce or force communities to abandon their lands and territories, depriving them of livelihoods resources such as livestock or crops. Hostile takeovers of land can also target valuable natural resources for the purpose of taxing their local trade routes or gaining access to markets and\/or licit or illicit commodity flows associated with those resources.15 This is especially true in contexts of weak governance.Conflict contexts with weak governance are ripe for the proliferation of organized criminal groups and capture of revenues from the exploitation and trade of natural resources. However, this is only possible where there are market actors willing to purchase these resources and to engage in trade with armed forces and groups. This relationship may be further complicated on the ground by the different actors involved in markets and trade, which could include government authorities in customs and border protection, shell companies created to purposely distort the paper trail around this trade and subvert efforts at traceability by markets further downstream (i.e., closer to the end consumer), or direct involvement of other governments surrounding the country experiencing violent conflict to facilitate this trade. In these cases, the private sector at the local and national level, as well as buyers in international markets, may be implicated, whether the resources are legally or illegally traded. The relationship between the private sector and armed forces and groups in conflict is complex and can involve trade, arms and financial flows that may or may not be addressed by sanctions regimes, national and international regulations or other measures.Tracing conflict resources in global supply chains is inherently difficult; these materials may be one of hundreds that are part of a product purchased by an end user and may be traded through dozens of markets and jurisdictions before they end up in a manufacturing process, allowing multiple opportunities for the laundering of resources through fake certificates in the chain of custody.16 Consumer goods companies find the traceability of materials to a point of origin challenging in the best of circumstances; the complexities of a war economy and outbreak of violent conflict makes this even more complicated. However, technologies developed in recent years - including chemical markers, RFID tags and QR codes - are increasingly reliable, and the manufacturers, brands and retailers who sell products that contain conflict resources are increasingly subject to legal regimes that address these issues, depending on where they are domiciled.17 Globally, legal regimes that address conflict resources in global supply chains are still nascent, but awareness of these issues is growing in consumer markets and technological solutions to traceability and company due diligence challenges are emerging at a rapid rate.18There are many groups working to track the trade in conflict resources that DDR practitioners can collaborate with to ensure they are able to identify critical changes and shifts in the activities, tactics and potential resource flows of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should seek out these resources and engage these stakeholders to support assessments and the design and implementation of DDR processes whenever appropriate and possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1422, "Sentence":"In these cases, the private sector at the local and national level, as well as buyers in international markets, may be implicated, whether the resources are legally or illegally traded.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources case private sector local national level well buyer international market may implicated whether resource legally illegally traded ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 Financing and sustaining conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Once armed conflict is underway, natural resources will often be targeted by armed forces and groups - as well as organized criminal groups - in order to trade them for revenues or for weapons and ammunition. These resources may be used to finance the activities of armed forces and groups, including their ability to compensate recruits, purchase weapons and ammunition, acquire materials necessary for transportation or control of strategic territories, and even their ability to expand territorial control. The exploitation of natural resources in conflict contexts is also closely linked to corruption and weak governance, where government, organized criminal groups, the private sector and armed forces and groups become interdependent through the licit or illicit revenue and trade flows that natural resources provide. In this way, armed groups and organized criminal groups can even capture the role of government and can integrate themselves into political processes by leveraging their influence over trade and access to markets and associated revenues (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime).In addition to capturing the market for natural resources, the financing of weapons and ammunition may permit armed forces and groups to coerce or force communities to abandon their lands and territories, depriving them of livelihoods resources such as livestock or crops. Hostile takeovers of land can also target valuable natural resources for the purpose of taxing their local trade routes or gaining access to markets and\/or licit or illicit commodity flows associated with those resources.15 This is especially true in contexts of weak governance.Conflict contexts with weak governance are ripe for the proliferation of organized criminal groups and capture of revenues from the exploitation and trade of natural resources. However, this is only possible where there are market actors willing to purchase these resources and to engage in trade with armed forces and groups. This relationship may be further complicated on the ground by the different actors involved in markets and trade, which could include government authorities in customs and border protection, shell companies created to purposely distort the paper trail around this trade and subvert efforts at traceability by markets further downstream (i.e., closer to the end consumer), or direct involvement of other governments surrounding the country experiencing violent conflict to facilitate this trade. In these cases, the private sector at the local and national level, as well as buyers in international markets, may be implicated, whether the resources are legally or illegally traded. The relationship between the private sector and armed forces and groups in conflict is complex and can involve trade, arms and financial flows that may or may not be addressed by sanctions regimes, national and international regulations or other measures.Tracing conflict resources in global supply chains is inherently difficult; these materials may be one of hundreds that are part of a product purchased by an end user and may be traded through dozens of markets and jurisdictions before they end up in a manufacturing process, allowing multiple opportunities for the laundering of resources through fake certificates in the chain of custody.16 Consumer goods companies find the traceability of materials to a point of origin challenging in the best of circumstances; the complexities of a war economy and outbreak of violent conflict makes this even more complicated. However, technologies developed in recent years - including chemical markers, RFID tags and QR codes - are increasingly reliable, and the manufacturers, brands and retailers who sell products that contain conflict resources are increasingly subject to legal regimes that address these issues, depending on where they are domiciled.17 Globally, legal regimes that address conflict resources in global supply chains are still nascent, but awareness of these issues is growing in consumer markets and technological solutions to traceability and company due diligence challenges are emerging at a rapid rate.18There are many groups working to track the trade in conflict resources that DDR practitioners can collaborate with to ensure they are able to identify critical changes and shifts in the activities, tactics and potential resource flows of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should seek out these resources and engage these stakeholders to support assessments and the design and implementation of DDR processes whenever appropriate and possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1422, "Sentence":"The relationship between the private sector and armed forces and groups in conflict is complex and can involve trade, arms and financial flows that may or may not be addressed by sanctions regimes, national and international regulations or other measures.Tracing conflict resources in global supply chains is inherently difficult; these materials may be one of hundreds that are part of a product purchased by an end user and may be traded through dozens of markets and jurisdictions before they end up in a manufacturing process, allowing multiple opportunities for the laundering of resources through fake certificates in the chain of custody.16 Consumer goods companies find the traceability of materials to a point of origin challenging in the best of circumstances; the complexities of a war economy and outbreak of violent conflict makes this even more complicated.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources relationship private sector armed force group conflict complex involve trade arm financial flow may may addressed sanction regime national international regulation measures.tracing conflict resource global supply chain inherently difficult material may one hundred part product purchased end user may traded dozen market jurisdiction end manufacturing process allowing multiple opportunity laundering resource fake certificate chain custody.16 consumer good company find traceability material point origin challenging best circumstance complexity war economy outbreak violent conflict make even complicated ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 Financing and sustaining conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Once armed conflict is underway, natural resources will often be targeted by armed forces and groups - as well as organized criminal groups - in order to trade them for revenues or for weapons and ammunition. These resources may be used to finance the activities of armed forces and groups, including their ability to compensate recruits, purchase weapons and ammunition, acquire materials necessary for transportation or control of strategic territories, and even their ability to expand territorial control. The exploitation of natural resources in conflict contexts is also closely linked to corruption and weak governance, where government, organized criminal groups, the private sector and armed forces and groups become interdependent through the licit or illicit revenue and trade flows that natural resources provide. In this way, armed groups and organized criminal groups can even capture the role of government and can integrate themselves into political processes by leveraging their influence over trade and access to markets and associated revenues (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime).In addition to capturing the market for natural resources, the financing of weapons and ammunition may permit armed forces and groups to coerce or force communities to abandon their lands and territories, depriving them of livelihoods resources such as livestock or crops. Hostile takeovers of land can also target valuable natural resources for the purpose of taxing their local trade routes or gaining access to markets and\/or licit or illicit commodity flows associated with those resources.15 This is especially true in contexts of weak governance.Conflict contexts with weak governance are ripe for the proliferation of organized criminal groups and capture of revenues from the exploitation and trade of natural resources. However, this is only possible where there are market actors willing to purchase these resources and to engage in trade with armed forces and groups. This relationship may be further complicated on the ground by the different actors involved in markets and trade, which could include government authorities in customs and border protection, shell companies created to purposely distort the paper trail around this trade and subvert efforts at traceability by markets further downstream (i.e., closer to the end consumer), or direct involvement of other governments surrounding the country experiencing violent conflict to facilitate this trade. In these cases, the private sector at the local and national level, as well as buyers in international markets, may be implicated, whether the resources are legally or illegally traded. The relationship between the private sector and armed forces and groups in conflict is complex and can involve trade, arms and financial flows that may or may not be addressed by sanctions regimes, national and international regulations or other measures.Tracing conflict resources in global supply chains is inherently difficult; these materials may be one of hundreds that are part of a product purchased by an end user and may be traded through dozens of markets and jurisdictions before they end up in a manufacturing process, allowing multiple opportunities for the laundering of resources through fake certificates in the chain of custody.16 Consumer goods companies find the traceability of materials to a point of origin challenging in the best of circumstances; the complexities of a war economy and outbreak of violent conflict makes this even more complicated. However, technologies developed in recent years - including chemical markers, RFID tags and QR codes - are increasingly reliable, and the manufacturers, brands and retailers who sell products that contain conflict resources are increasingly subject to legal regimes that address these issues, depending on where they are domiciled.17 Globally, legal regimes that address conflict resources in global supply chains are still nascent, but awareness of these issues is growing in consumer markets and technological solutions to traceability and company due diligence challenges are emerging at a rapid rate.18There are many groups working to track the trade in conflict resources that DDR practitioners can collaborate with to ensure they are able to identify critical changes and shifts in the activities, tactics and potential resource flows of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should seek out these resources and engage these stakeholders to support assessments and the design and implementation of DDR processes whenever appropriate and possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1422, "Sentence":"However, technologies developed in recent years - including chemical markers, RFID tags and QR codes - are increasingly reliable, and the manufacturers, brands and retailers who sell products that contain conflict resources are increasingly subject to legal regimes that address these issues, depending on where they are domiciled.17 Globally, legal regimes that address conflict resources in global supply chains are still nascent, but awareness of these issues is growing in consumer markets and technological solutions to traceability and company due diligence challenges are emerging at a rapid rate.18There are many groups working to track the trade in conflict resources that DDR practitioners can collaborate with to ensure they are able to identify critical changes and shifts in the activities, tactics and potential resource flows of armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources however technology developed recent year including chemical marker rfid tag qr code increasingly reliable manufacturer brand retailer sell product contain conflict resource increasingly subject legal regime address issue depending domiciled.17 globally legal regime address conflict resource global supply chain still nascent awareness issue growing consumer market technological solution traceability company due diligence challenge emerging rapid rate.18there many group working track trade conflict resource ddr practitioner collaborate ensure able identify critical change shift activity tactic potential resource flow armed force group ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.2 Financing and sustaining conflict", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Once armed conflict is underway, natural resources will often be targeted by armed forces and groups - as well as organized criminal groups - in order to trade them for revenues or for weapons and ammunition. These resources may be used to finance the activities of armed forces and groups, including their ability to compensate recruits, purchase weapons and ammunition, acquire materials necessary for transportation or control of strategic territories, and even their ability to expand territorial control. The exploitation of natural resources in conflict contexts is also closely linked to corruption and weak governance, where government, organized criminal groups, the private sector and armed forces and groups become interdependent through the licit or illicit revenue and trade flows that natural resources provide. In this way, armed groups and organized criminal groups can even capture the role of government and can integrate themselves into political processes by leveraging their influence over trade and access to markets and associated revenues (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime).In addition to capturing the market for natural resources, the financing of weapons and ammunition may permit armed forces and groups to coerce or force communities to abandon their lands and territories, depriving them of livelihoods resources such as livestock or crops. Hostile takeovers of land can also target valuable natural resources for the purpose of taxing their local trade routes or gaining access to markets and\/or licit or illicit commodity flows associated with those resources.15 This is especially true in contexts of weak governance.Conflict contexts with weak governance are ripe for the proliferation of organized criminal groups and capture of revenues from the exploitation and trade of natural resources. However, this is only possible where there are market actors willing to purchase these resources and to engage in trade with armed forces and groups. This relationship may be further complicated on the ground by the different actors involved in markets and trade, which could include government authorities in customs and border protection, shell companies created to purposely distort the paper trail around this trade and subvert efforts at traceability by markets further downstream (i.e., closer to the end consumer), or direct involvement of other governments surrounding the country experiencing violent conflict to facilitate this trade. In these cases, the private sector at the local and national level, as well as buyers in international markets, may be implicated, whether the resources are legally or illegally traded. The relationship between the private sector and armed forces and groups in conflict is complex and can involve trade, arms and financial flows that may or may not be addressed by sanctions regimes, national and international regulations or other measures.Tracing conflict resources in global supply chains is inherently difficult; these materials may be one of hundreds that are part of a product purchased by an end user and may be traded through dozens of markets and jurisdictions before they end up in a manufacturing process, allowing multiple opportunities for the laundering of resources through fake certificates in the chain of custody.16 Consumer goods companies find the traceability of materials to a point of origin challenging in the best of circumstances; the complexities of a war economy and outbreak of violent conflict makes this even more complicated. However, technologies developed in recent years - including chemical markers, RFID tags and QR codes - are increasingly reliable, and the manufacturers, brands and retailers who sell products that contain conflict resources are increasingly subject to legal regimes that address these issues, depending on where they are domiciled.17 Globally, legal regimes that address conflict resources in global supply chains are still nascent, but awareness of these issues is growing in consumer markets and technological solutions to traceability and company due diligence challenges are emerging at a rapid rate.18There are many groups working to track the trade in conflict resources that DDR practitioners can collaborate with to ensure they are able to identify critical changes and shifts in the activities, tactics and potential resource flows of armed forces and groups. DDR practitioners should seek out these resources and engage these stakeholders to support assessments and the design and implementation of DDR processes whenever appropriate and possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1422, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should seek out these resources and engage these stakeholders to support assessments and the design and implementation of DDR processes whenever appropriate and possible.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner seek resource engage stakeholder support assessment design implementation ddr process whenever appropriate possible ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Contributing to reconciliation and sustaining peace", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governance institutions and State authorities, including those critical to accountability and transparency, may have been eroded by conflict or weak to start with. When tensions intensify and lead to armed conflict, rule of law breaks down and the resulting institutional vacuum can lead to a culture of impunity and corruption. This collapse of governance structures contributes directly to widespread institutional failures in all sectors, allowing opportunistic individuals, organized criminal groups, armed groups and\/or private entities to establish uncontrolled systems of resource exploitation.19 At the same time, public finances are often diverted for military purposes, resulting in the decay of, or lack of investment in, water, waste management and energy services, with corresponding health and environmental contamination risks.During a DDR process, the success and the long-term sustainability of natural resource-based interventions will largely depend on whether there is a good, functioning governance structure at the local, sub-regional, national or regional level. The effective and inclusive governance of natural resources and the environment should be viewed as an investment in conflict prevention within peacebuilding and development processes. Where past activities violate national laws, it is up to the State to exercise its jurisdiction, but egregious crimes constituting gross violations of human rights, as often seen with scorched earth tactics, oblige DDR processes to exclude any individuals associated with these events from participating in the process (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). However, there may be other jurisdictions where multi-national private entities can be targeted and pressured or prosecuted to cut their ties with armed forces and organized criminal groups in conflict areas. Sanctions set by the UN Security Council may also be brought to bear where they cover natural resources that are trafficked or traded by private sector entities and armed forces and groups.DDR practitioners will not be able to influence, control or focus upon all aspects of natural resource governance. However, through careful attention to risk factors in the planning, design and implementation of natural resource-based activities, DDR processes can play a multifaceted and pivotal role in paving the way for good natural resource governance that supports sustainable peace and development. Moreover, DDR practitioners can ensure that access to grievance- and non-violent dispute-resolution mechanisms are available for participants, beneficiaries and others implicated in the DDR process, in order to mitigate the risks that natural resources pose for conflict relapse.Furthermore, environmental issues and protection of natural resources can serve as effective platforms or catalysts for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploiting shared interests and broadening cooperation and reconciliation between ex-combatants and their communities, between communities themselves, between communities and the State, as well as between States themselves.20 People and cultures are closely tied to the environment in which they live and to the natural resources upon which they depend. In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources and ecosystem services can support successful social reintegration and reconciliation. In this sense, the management of natural resources can be used as a tool for engaging community members to work together, to revive and strengthen traditional natural resource management techniques that may have been lost during the conflict, and to encourage cooperation towards a shared goal, between and amongst communities and between communities and the State.In settings where natural resources have played a significant role in the conflict, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities for addressing underlying grievances over such resources by promoting equitable and fair access to natural resources, including for women, youth and participants with disability. Access to natural resources, especially land, often carries significant importance for ex-combatants during reintegration, particularly for female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups. Whether the communities are their original places of origin or are new to them, ensuring that they have access to land will be important in establishing their social status and in ensuring that they have access to basic resources for livelihoods. In rural areas, it is essential that DDR practitioners recognize the connection between land and social identity, especially for young men, who often have few alternative options for establishing their place in society, and for women, who are often responsible for food security and extremely vulnerable to exclusion from land or lack of access.To further support social reintegration and reconciliation, as well as to enhance peacebuilding, DDR practitioners should seek to support reintegration activities that empower communities affected by natural resource issues, applying community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches where applicable and promoting inclusive approaches to natural resource management. Ensuring that specific needs groups such as women and youth receive equitable access to and opportunities in natural resource sectors is especially important, as they are essential to ensuring that peacebuilding interventions are sustainable in the long-term.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1423, "Sentence":"Governance institutions and State authorities, including those critical to accountability and transparency, may have been eroded by conflict or weak to start with.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources governance institution state authority including critical accountability transparency may eroded conflict weak start ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Contributing to reconciliation and sustaining peace", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governance institutions and State authorities, including those critical to accountability and transparency, may have been eroded by conflict or weak to start with. When tensions intensify and lead to armed conflict, rule of law breaks down and the resulting institutional vacuum can lead to a culture of impunity and corruption. This collapse of governance structures contributes directly to widespread institutional failures in all sectors, allowing opportunistic individuals, organized criminal groups, armed groups and\/or private entities to establish uncontrolled systems of resource exploitation.19 At the same time, public finances are often diverted for military purposes, resulting in the decay of, or lack of investment in, water, waste management and energy services, with corresponding health and environmental contamination risks.During a DDR process, the success and the long-term sustainability of natural resource-based interventions will largely depend on whether there is a good, functioning governance structure at the local, sub-regional, national or regional level. The effective and inclusive governance of natural resources and the environment should be viewed as an investment in conflict prevention within peacebuilding and development processes. Where past activities violate national laws, it is up to the State to exercise its jurisdiction, but egregious crimes constituting gross violations of human rights, as often seen with scorched earth tactics, oblige DDR processes to exclude any individuals associated with these events from participating in the process (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). However, there may be other jurisdictions where multi-national private entities can be targeted and pressured or prosecuted to cut their ties with armed forces and organized criminal groups in conflict areas. Sanctions set by the UN Security Council may also be brought to bear where they cover natural resources that are trafficked or traded by private sector entities and armed forces and groups.DDR practitioners will not be able to influence, control or focus upon all aspects of natural resource governance. However, through careful attention to risk factors in the planning, design and implementation of natural resource-based activities, DDR processes can play a multifaceted and pivotal role in paving the way for good natural resource governance that supports sustainable peace and development. Moreover, DDR practitioners can ensure that access to grievance- and non-violent dispute-resolution mechanisms are available for participants, beneficiaries and others implicated in the DDR process, in order to mitigate the risks that natural resources pose for conflict relapse.Furthermore, environmental issues and protection of natural resources can serve as effective platforms or catalysts for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploiting shared interests and broadening cooperation and reconciliation between ex-combatants and their communities, between communities themselves, between communities and the State, as well as between States themselves.20 People and cultures are closely tied to the environment in which they live and to the natural resources upon which they depend. In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources and ecosystem services can support successful social reintegration and reconciliation. In this sense, the management of natural resources can be used as a tool for engaging community members to work together, to revive and strengthen traditional natural resource management techniques that may have been lost during the conflict, and to encourage cooperation towards a shared goal, between and amongst communities and between communities and the State.In settings where natural resources have played a significant role in the conflict, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities for addressing underlying grievances over such resources by promoting equitable and fair access to natural resources, including for women, youth and participants with disability. Access to natural resources, especially land, often carries significant importance for ex-combatants during reintegration, particularly for female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups. Whether the communities are their original places of origin or are new to them, ensuring that they have access to land will be important in establishing their social status and in ensuring that they have access to basic resources for livelihoods. In rural areas, it is essential that DDR practitioners recognize the connection between land and social identity, especially for young men, who often have few alternative options for establishing their place in society, and for women, who are often responsible for food security and extremely vulnerable to exclusion from land or lack of access.To further support social reintegration and reconciliation, as well as to enhance peacebuilding, DDR practitioners should seek to support reintegration activities that empower communities affected by natural resource issues, applying community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches where applicable and promoting inclusive approaches to natural resource management. Ensuring that specific needs groups such as women and youth receive equitable access to and opportunities in natural resource sectors is especially important, as they are essential to ensuring that peacebuilding interventions are sustainable in the long-term.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1423, "Sentence":"When tensions intensify and lead to armed conflict, rule of law breaks down and the resulting institutional vacuum can lead to a culture of impunity and corruption.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources tension intensify lead armed conflict rule law break resulting institutional vacuum lead culture impunity corruption ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Contributing to reconciliation and sustaining peace", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governance institutions and State authorities, including those critical to accountability and transparency, may have been eroded by conflict or weak to start with. When tensions intensify and lead to armed conflict, rule of law breaks down and the resulting institutional vacuum can lead to a culture of impunity and corruption. This collapse of governance structures contributes directly to widespread institutional failures in all sectors, allowing opportunistic individuals, organized criminal groups, armed groups and\/or private entities to establish uncontrolled systems of resource exploitation.19 At the same time, public finances are often diverted for military purposes, resulting in the decay of, or lack of investment in, water, waste management and energy services, with corresponding health and environmental contamination risks.During a DDR process, the success and the long-term sustainability of natural resource-based interventions will largely depend on whether there is a good, functioning governance structure at the local, sub-regional, national or regional level. The effective and inclusive governance of natural resources and the environment should be viewed as an investment in conflict prevention within peacebuilding and development processes. Where past activities violate national laws, it is up to the State to exercise its jurisdiction, but egregious crimes constituting gross violations of human rights, as often seen with scorched earth tactics, oblige DDR processes to exclude any individuals associated with these events from participating in the process (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). However, there may be other jurisdictions where multi-national private entities can be targeted and pressured or prosecuted to cut their ties with armed forces and organized criminal groups in conflict areas. Sanctions set by the UN Security Council may also be brought to bear where they cover natural resources that are trafficked or traded by private sector entities and armed forces and groups.DDR practitioners will not be able to influence, control or focus upon all aspects of natural resource governance. However, through careful attention to risk factors in the planning, design and implementation of natural resource-based activities, DDR processes can play a multifaceted and pivotal role in paving the way for good natural resource governance that supports sustainable peace and development. Moreover, DDR practitioners can ensure that access to grievance- and non-violent dispute-resolution mechanisms are available for participants, beneficiaries and others implicated in the DDR process, in order to mitigate the risks that natural resources pose for conflict relapse.Furthermore, environmental issues and protection of natural resources can serve as effective platforms or catalysts for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploiting shared interests and broadening cooperation and reconciliation between ex-combatants and their communities, between communities themselves, between communities and the State, as well as between States themselves.20 People and cultures are closely tied to the environment in which they live and to the natural resources upon which they depend. In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources and ecosystem services can support successful social reintegration and reconciliation. In this sense, the management of natural resources can be used as a tool for engaging community members to work together, to revive and strengthen traditional natural resource management techniques that may have been lost during the conflict, and to encourage cooperation towards a shared goal, between and amongst communities and between communities and the State.In settings where natural resources have played a significant role in the conflict, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities for addressing underlying grievances over such resources by promoting equitable and fair access to natural resources, including for women, youth and participants with disability. Access to natural resources, especially land, often carries significant importance for ex-combatants during reintegration, particularly for female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups. Whether the communities are their original places of origin or are new to them, ensuring that they have access to land will be important in establishing their social status and in ensuring that they have access to basic resources for livelihoods. In rural areas, it is essential that DDR practitioners recognize the connection between land and social identity, especially for young men, who often have few alternative options for establishing their place in society, and for women, who are often responsible for food security and extremely vulnerable to exclusion from land or lack of access.To further support social reintegration and reconciliation, as well as to enhance peacebuilding, DDR practitioners should seek to support reintegration activities that empower communities affected by natural resource issues, applying community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches where applicable and promoting inclusive approaches to natural resource management. Ensuring that specific needs groups such as women and youth receive equitable access to and opportunities in natural resource sectors is especially important, as they are essential to ensuring that peacebuilding interventions are sustainable in the long-term.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1423, "Sentence":"This collapse of governance structures contributes directly to widespread institutional failures in all sectors, allowing opportunistic individuals, organized criminal groups, armed groups and\/or private entities to establish uncontrolled systems of resource exploitation.19 At the same time, public finances are often diverted for military purposes, resulting in the decay of, or lack of investment in, water, waste management and energy services, with corresponding health and environmental contamination risks.During a DDR process, the success and the long-term sustainability of natural resource-based interventions will largely depend on whether there is a good, functioning governance structure at the local, sub-regional, national or regional level.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources collapse governance structure contributes directly widespread institutional failure sector allowing opportunistic individual organized criminal group armed group and\/or private entity establish uncontrolled system resource exploitation.19 time public finance often diverted military purpose resulting decay lack investment water waste management energy service corresponding health environmental contamination risks.during ddr process success longterm sustainability natural resourcebased intervention largely depend whether good functioning governance structure local subregional national regional level ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Contributing to reconciliation and sustaining peace", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governance institutions and State authorities, including those critical to accountability and transparency, may have been eroded by conflict or weak to start with. When tensions intensify and lead to armed conflict, rule of law breaks down and the resulting institutional vacuum can lead to a culture of impunity and corruption. This collapse of governance structures contributes directly to widespread institutional failures in all sectors, allowing opportunistic individuals, organized criminal groups, armed groups and\/or private entities to establish uncontrolled systems of resource exploitation.19 At the same time, public finances are often diverted for military purposes, resulting in the decay of, or lack of investment in, water, waste management and energy services, with corresponding health and environmental contamination risks.During a DDR process, the success and the long-term sustainability of natural resource-based interventions will largely depend on whether there is a good, functioning governance structure at the local, sub-regional, national or regional level. The effective and inclusive governance of natural resources and the environment should be viewed as an investment in conflict prevention within peacebuilding and development processes. Where past activities violate national laws, it is up to the State to exercise its jurisdiction, but egregious crimes constituting gross violations of human rights, as often seen with scorched earth tactics, oblige DDR processes to exclude any individuals associated with these events from participating in the process (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). However, there may be other jurisdictions where multi-national private entities can be targeted and pressured or prosecuted to cut their ties with armed forces and organized criminal groups in conflict areas. Sanctions set by the UN Security Council may also be brought to bear where they cover natural resources that are trafficked or traded by private sector entities and armed forces and groups.DDR practitioners will not be able to influence, control or focus upon all aspects of natural resource governance. However, through careful attention to risk factors in the planning, design and implementation of natural resource-based activities, DDR processes can play a multifaceted and pivotal role in paving the way for good natural resource governance that supports sustainable peace and development. Moreover, DDR practitioners can ensure that access to grievance- and non-violent dispute-resolution mechanisms are available for participants, beneficiaries and others implicated in the DDR process, in order to mitigate the risks that natural resources pose for conflict relapse.Furthermore, environmental issues and protection of natural resources can serve as effective platforms or catalysts for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploiting shared interests and broadening cooperation and reconciliation between ex-combatants and their communities, between communities themselves, between communities and the State, as well as between States themselves.20 People and cultures are closely tied to the environment in which they live and to the natural resources upon which they depend. In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources and ecosystem services can support successful social reintegration and reconciliation. In this sense, the management of natural resources can be used as a tool for engaging community members to work together, to revive and strengthen traditional natural resource management techniques that may have been lost during the conflict, and to encourage cooperation towards a shared goal, between and amongst communities and between communities and the State.In settings where natural resources have played a significant role in the conflict, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities for addressing underlying grievances over such resources by promoting equitable and fair access to natural resources, including for women, youth and participants with disability. Access to natural resources, especially land, often carries significant importance for ex-combatants during reintegration, particularly for female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups. Whether the communities are their original places of origin or are new to them, ensuring that they have access to land will be important in establishing their social status and in ensuring that they have access to basic resources for livelihoods. In rural areas, it is essential that DDR practitioners recognize the connection between land and social identity, especially for young men, who often have few alternative options for establishing their place in society, and for women, who are often responsible for food security and extremely vulnerable to exclusion from land or lack of access.To further support social reintegration and reconciliation, as well as to enhance peacebuilding, DDR practitioners should seek to support reintegration activities that empower communities affected by natural resource issues, applying community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches where applicable and promoting inclusive approaches to natural resource management. Ensuring that specific needs groups such as women and youth receive equitable access to and opportunities in natural resource sectors is especially important, as they are essential to ensuring that peacebuilding interventions are sustainable in the long-term.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1423, "Sentence":"The effective and inclusive governance of natural resources and the environment should be viewed as an investment in conflict prevention within peacebuilding and development processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources effective inclusive governance natural resource environment viewed investment conflict prevention within peacebuilding development process ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Contributing to reconciliation and sustaining peace", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governance institutions and State authorities, including those critical to accountability and transparency, may have been eroded by conflict or weak to start with. When tensions intensify and lead to armed conflict, rule of law breaks down and the resulting institutional vacuum can lead to a culture of impunity and corruption. This collapse of governance structures contributes directly to widespread institutional failures in all sectors, allowing opportunistic individuals, organized criminal groups, armed groups and\/or private entities to establish uncontrolled systems of resource exploitation.19 At the same time, public finances are often diverted for military purposes, resulting in the decay of, or lack of investment in, water, waste management and energy services, with corresponding health and environmental contamination risks.During a DDR process, the success and the long-term sustainability of natural resource-based interventions will largely depend on whether there is a good, functioning governance structure at the local, sub-regional, national or regional level. The effective and inclusive governance of natural resources and the environment should be viewed as an investment in conflict prevention within peacebuilding and development processes. Where past activities violate national laws, it is up to the State to exercise its jurisdiction, but egregious crimes constituting gross violations of human rights, as often seen with scorched earth tactics, oblige DDR processes to exclude any individuals associated with these events from participating in the process (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). However, there may be other jurisdictions where multi-national private entities can be targeted and pressured or prosecuted to cut their ties with armed forces and organized criminal groups in conflict areas. Sanctions set by the UN Security Council may also be brought to bear where they cover natural resources that are trafficked or traded by private sector entities and armed forces and groups.DDR practitioners will not be able to influence, control or focus upon all aspects of natural resource governance. However, through careful attention to risk factors in the planning, design and implementation of natural resource-based activities, DDR processes can play a multifaceted and pivotal role in paving the way for good natural resource governance that supports sustainable peace and development. Moreover, DDR practitioners can ensure that access to grievance- and non-violent dispute-resolution mechanisms are available for participants, beneficiaries and others implicated in the DDR process, in order to mitigate the risks that natural resources pose for conflict relapse.Furthermore, environmental issues and protection of natural resources can serve as effective platforms or catalysts for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploiting shared interests and broadening cooperation and reconciliation between ex-combatants and their communities, between communities themselves, between communities and the State, as well as between States themselves.20 People and cultures are closely tied to the environment in which they live and to the natural resources upon which they depend. In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources and ecosystem services can support successful social reintegration and reconciliation. In this sense, the management of natural resources can be used as a tool for engaging community members to work together, to revive and strengthen traditional natural resource management techniques that may have been lost during the conflict, and to encourage cooperation towards a shared goal, between and amongst communities and between communities and the State.In settings where natural resources have played a significant role in the conflict, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities for addressing underlying grievances over such resources by promoting equitable and fair access to natural resources, including for women, youth and participants with disability. Access to natural resources, especially land, often carries significant importance for ex-combatants during reintegration, particularly for female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups. Whether the communities are their original places of origin or are new to them, ensuring that they have access to land will be important in establishing their social status and in ensuring that they have access to basic resources for livelihoods. In rural areas, it is essential that DDR practitioners recognize the connection between land and social identity, especially for young men, who often have few alternative options for establishing their place in society, and for women, who are often responsible for food security and extremely vulnerable to exclusion from land or lack of access.To further support social reintegration and reconciliation, as well as to enhance peacebuilding, DDR practitioners should seek to support reintegration activities that empower communities affected by natural resource issues, applying community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches where applicable and promoting inclusive approaches to natural resource management. Ensuring that specific needs groups such as women and youth receive equitable access to and opportunities in natural resource sectors is especially important, as they are essential to ensuring that peacebuilding interventions are sustainable in the long-term.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1423, "Sentence":"Where past activities violate national laws, it is up to the State to exercise its jurisdiction, but egregious crimes constituting gross violations of human rights, as often seen with scorched earth tactics, oblige DDR processes to exclude any individuals associated with these events from participating in the process (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources past activity violate national law state exercise jurisdiction egregious crime constituting gross violation human right often seen scorched earth tactic oblige ddr process exclude individual associated event participating process see iddrs 2.11 legal framework un ddr ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Contributing to reconciliation and sustaining peace", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governance institutions and State authorities, including those critical to accountability and transparency, may have been eroded by conflict or weak to start with. When tensions intensify and lead to armed conflict, rule of law breaks down and the resulting institutional vacuum can lead to a culture of impunity and corruption. This collapse of governance structures contributes directly to widespread institutional failures in all sectors, allowing opportunistic individuals, organized criminal groups, armed groups and\/or private entities to establish uncontrolled systems of resource exploitation.19 At the same time, public finances are often diverted for military purposes, resulting in the decay of, or lack of investment in, water, waste management and energy services, with corresponding health and environmental contamination risks.During a DDR process, the success and the long-term sustainability of natural resource-based interventions will largely depend on whether there is a good, functioning governance structure at the local, sub-regional, national or regional level. The effective and inclusive governance of natural resources and the environment should be viewed as an investment in conflict prevention within peacebuilding and development processes. Where past activities violate national laws, it is up to the State to exercise its jurisdiction, but egregious crimes constituting gross violations of human rights, as often seen with scorched earth tactics, oblige DDR processes to exclude any individuals associated with these events from participating in the process (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). However, there may be other jurisdictions where multi-national private entities can be targeted and pressured or prosecuted to cut their ties with armed forces and organized criminal groups in conflict areas. Sanctions set by the UN Security Council may also be brought to bear where they cover natural resources that are trafficked or traded by private sector entities and armed forces and groups.DDR practitioners will not be able to influence, control or focus upon all aspects of natural resource governance. However, through careful attention to risk factors in the planning, design and implementation of natural resource-based activities, DDR processes can play a multifaceted and pivotal role in paving the way for good natural resource governance that supports sustainable peace and development. Moreover, DDR practitioners can ensure that access to grievance- and non-violent dispute-resolution mechanisms are available for participants, beneficiaries and others implicated in the DDR process, in order to mitigate the risks that natural resources pose for conflict relapse.Furthermore, environmental issues and protection of natural resources can serve as effective platforms or catalysts for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploiting shared interests and broadening cooperation and reconciliation between ex-combatants and their communities, between communities themselves, between communities and the State, as well as between States themselves.20 People and cultures are closely tied to the environment in which they live and to the natural resources upon which they depend. In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources and ecosystem services can support successful social reintegration and reconciliation. In this sense, the management of natural resources can be used as a tool for engaging community members to work together, to revive and strengthen traditional natural resource management techniques that may have been lost during the conflict, and to encourage cooperation towards a shared goal, between and amongst communities and between communities and the State.In settings where natural resources have played a significant role in the conflict, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities for addressing underlying grievances over such resources by promoting equitable and fair access to natural resources, including for women, youth and participants with disability. Access to natural resources, especially land, often carries significant importance for ex-combatants during reintegration, particularly for female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups. Whether the communities are their original places of origin or are new to them, ensuring that they have access to land will be important in establishing their social status and in ensuring that they have access to basic resources for livelihoods. In rural areas, it is essential that DDR practitioners recognize the connection between land and social identity, especially for young men, who often have few alternative options for establishing their place in society, and for women, who are often responsible for food security and extremely vulnerable to exclusion from land or lack of access.To further support social reintegration and reconciliation, as well as to enhance peacebuilding, DDR practitioners should seek to support reintegration activities that empower communities affected by natural resource issues, applying community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches where applicable and promoting inclusive approaches to natural resource management. Ensuring that specific needs groups such as women and youth receive equitable access to and opportunities in natural resource sectors is especially important, as they are essential to ensuring that peacebuilding interventions are sustainable in the long-term.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1423, "Sentence":"However, there may be other jurisdictions where multi-national private entities can be targeted and pressured or prosecuted to cut their ties with armed forces and organized criminal groups in conflict areas.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources however may jurisdiction multinational private entity targeted pressured prosecuted cut tie armed force organized criminal group conflict area ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Contributing to reconciliation and sustaining peace", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governance institutions and State authorities, including those critical to accountability and transparency, may have been eroded by conflict or weak to start with. When tensions intensify and lead to armed conflict, rule of law breaks down and the resulting institutional vacuum can lead to a culture of impunity and corruption. This collapse of governance structures contributes directly to widespread institutional failures in all sectors, allowing opportunistic individuals, organized criminal groups, armed groups and\/or private entities to establish uncontrolled systems of resource exploitation.19 At the same time, public finances are often diverted for military purposes, resulting in the decay of, or lack of investment in, water, waste management and energy services, with corresponding health and environmental contamination risks.During a DDR process, the success and the long-term sustainability of natural resource-based interventions will largely depend on whether there is a good, functioning governance structure at the local, sub-regional, national or regional level. The effective and inclusive governance of natural resources and the environment should be viewed as an investment in conflict prevention within peacebuilding and development processes. Where past activities violate national laws, it is up to the State to exercise its jurisdiction, but egregious crimes constituting gross violations of human rights, as often seen with scorched earth tactics, oblige DDR processes to exclude any individuals associated with these events from participating in the process (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). However, there may be other jurisdictions where multi-national private entities can be targeted and pressured or prosecuted to cut their ties with armed forces and organized criminal groups in conflict areas. Sanctions set by the UN Security Council may also be brought to bear where they cover natural resources that are trafficked or traded by private sector entities and armed forces and groups.DDR practitioners will not be able to influence, control or focus upon all aspects of natural resource governance. However, through careful attention to risk factors in the planning, design and implementation of natural resource-based activities, DDR processes can play a multifaceted and pivotal role in paving the way for good natural resource governance that supports sustainable peace and development. Moreover, DDR practitioners can ensure that access to grievance- and non-violent dispute-resolution mechanisms are available for participants, beneficiaries and others implicated in the DDR process, in order to mitigate the risks that natural resources pose for conflict relapse.Furthermore, environmental issues and protection of natural resources can serve as effective platforms or catalysts for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploiting shared interests and broadening cooperation and reconciliation between ex-combatants and their communities, between communities themselves, between communities and the State, as well as between States themselves.20 People and cultures are closely tied to the environment in which they live and to the natural resources upon which they depend. In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources and ecosystem services can support successful social reintegration and reconciliation. In this sense, the management of natural resources can be used as a tool for engaging community members to work together, to revive and strengthen traditional natural resource management techniques that may have been lost during the conflict, and to encourage cooperation towards a shared goal, between and amongst communities and between communities and the State.In settings where natural resources have played a significant role in the conflict, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities for addressing underlying grievances over such resources by promoting equitable and fair access to natural resources, including for women, youth and participants with disability. Access to natural resources, especially land, often carries significant importance for ex-combatants during reintegration, particularly for female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups. Whether the communities are their original places of origin or are new to them, ensuring that they have access to land will be important in establishing their social status and in ensuring that they have access to basic resources for livelihoods. In rural areas, it is essential that DDR practitioners recognize the connection between land and social identity, especially for young men, who often have few alternative options for establishing their place in society, and for women, who are often responsible for food security and extremely vulnerable to exclusion from land or lack of access.To further support social reintegration and reconciliation, as well as to enhance peacebuilding, DDR practitioners should seek to support reintegration activities that empower communities affected by natural resource issues, applying community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches where applicable and promoting inclusive approaches to natural resource management. Ensuring that specific needs groups such as women and youth receive equitable access to and opportunities in natural resource sectors is especially important, as they are essential to ensuring that peacebuilding interventions are sustainable in the long-term.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1423, "Sentence":"Sanctions set by the UN Security Council may also be brought to bear where they cover natural resources that are trafficked or traded by private sector entities and armed forces and groups.DDR practitioners will not be able to influence, control or focus upon all aspects of natural resource governance.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources sanction set un security council may also brought bear cover natural resource trafficked traded private sector entity armed force groups.ddr practitioner able influence control focus upon aspect natural resource governance ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Contributing to reconciliation and sustaining peace", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governance institutions and State authorities, including those critical to accountability and transparency, may have been eroded by conflict or weak to start with. When tensions intensify and lead to armed conflict, rule of law breaks down and the resulting institutional vacuum can lead to a culture of impunity and corruption. This collapse of governance structures contributes directly to widespread institutional failures in all sectors, allowing opportunistic individuals, organized criminal groups, armed groups and\/or private entities to establish uncontrolled systems of resource exploitation.19 At the same time, public finances are often diverted for military purposes, resulting in the decay of, or lack of investment in, water, waste management and energy services, with corresponding health and environmental contamination risks.During a DDR process, the success and the long-term sustainability of natural resource-based interventions will largely depend on whether there is a good, functioning governance structure at the local, sub-regional, national or regional level. The effective and inclusive governance of natural resources and the environment should be viewed as an investment in conflict prevention within peacebuilding and development processes. Where past activities violate national laws, it is up to the State to exercise its jurisdiction, but egregious crimes constituting gross violations of human rights, as often seen with scorched earth tactics, oblige DDR processes to exclude any individuals associated with these events from participating in the process (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). However, there may be other jurisdictions where multi-national private entities can be targeted and pressured or prosecuted to cut their ties with armed forces and organized criminal groups in conflict areas. Sanctions set by the UN Security Council may also be brought to bear where they cover natural resources that are trafficked or traded by private sector entities and armed forces and groups.DDR practitioners will not be able to influence, control or focus upon all aspects of natural resource governance. However, through careful attention to risk factors in the planning, design and implementation of natural resource-based activities, DDR processes can play a multifaceted and pivotal role in paving the way for good natural resource governance that supports sustainable peace and development. Moreover, DDR practitioners can ensure that access to grievance- and non-violent dispute-resolution mechanisms are available for participants, beneficiaries and others implicated in the DDR process, in order to mitigate the risks that natural resources pose for conflict relapse.Furthermore, environmental issues and protection of natural resources can serve as effective platforms or catalysts for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploiting shared interests and broadening cooperation and reconciliation between ex-combatants and their communities, between communities themselves, between communities and the State, as well as between States themselves.20 People and cultures are closely tied to the environment in which they live and to the natural resources upon which they depend. In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources and ecosystem services can support successful social reintegration and reconciliation. In this sense, the management of natural resources can be used as a tool for engaging community members to work together, to revive and strengthen traditional natural resource management techniques that may have been lost during the conflict, and to encourage cooperation towards a shared goal, between and amongst communities and between communities and the State.In settings where natural resources have played a significant role in the conflict, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities for addressing underlying grievances over such resources by promoting equitable and fair access to natural resources, including for women, youth and participants with disability. Access to natural resources, especially land, often carries significant importance for ex-combatants during reintegration, particularly for female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups. Whether the communities are their original places of origin or are new to them, ensuring that they have access to land will be important in establishing their social status and in ensuring that they have access to basic resources for livelihoods. In rural areas, it is essential that DDR practitioners recognize the connection between land and social identity, especially for young men, who often have few alternative options for establishing their place in society, and for women, who are often responsible for food security and extremely vulnerable to exclusion from land or lack of access.To further support social reintegration and reconciliation, as well as to enhance peacebuilding, DDR practitioners should seek to support reintegration activities that empower communities affected by natural resource issues, applying community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches where applicable and promoting inclusive approaches to natural resource management. Ensuring that specific needs groups such as women and youth receive equitable access to and opportunities in natural resource sectors is especially important, as they are essential to ensuring that peacebuilding interventions are sustainable in the long-term.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1423, "Sentence":"However, through careful attention to risk factors in the planning, design and implementation of natural resource-based activities, DDR processes can play a multifaceted and pivotal role in paving the way for good natural resource governance that supports sustainable peace and development.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources however careful attention risk factor planning design implementation natural resourcebased activity ddr process play multifaceted pivotal role paving way good natural resource governance support sustainable peace development ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Contributing to reconciliation and sustaining peace", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governance institutions and State authorities, including those critical to accountability and transparency, may have been eroded by conflict or weak to start with. When tensions intensify and lead to armed conflict, rule of law breaks down and the resulting institutional vacuum can lead to a culture of impunity and corruption. This collapse of governance structures contributes directly to widespread institutional failures in all sectors, allowing opportunistic individuals, organized criminal groups, armed groups and\/or private entities to establish uncontrolled systems of resource exploitation.19 At the same time, public finances are often diverted for military purposes, resulting in the decay of, or lack of investment in, water, waste management and energy services, with corresponding health and environmental contamination risks.During a DDR process, the success and the long-term sustainability of natural resource-based interventions will largely depend on whether there is a good, functioning governance structure at the local, sub-regional, national or regional level. The effective and inclusive governance of natural resources and the environment should be viewed as an investment in conflict prevention within peacebuilding and development processes. Where past activities violate national laws, it is up to the State to exercise its jurisdiction, but egregious crimes constituting gross violations of human rights, as often seen with scorched earth tactics, oblige DDR processes to exclude any individuals associated with these events from participating in the process (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). However, there may be other jurisdictions where multi-national private entities can be targeted and pressured or prosecuted to cut their ties with armed forces and organized criminal groups in conflict areas. Sanctions set by the UN Security Council may also be brought to bear where they cover natural resources that are trafficked or traded by private sector entities and armed forces and groups.DDR practitioners will not be able to influence, control or focus upon all aspects of natural resource governance. However, through careful attention to risk factors in the planning, design and implementation of natural resource-based activities, DDR processes can play a multifaceted and pivotal role in paving the way for good natural resource governance that supports sustainable peace and development. Moreover, DDR practitioners can ensure that access to grievance- and non-violent dispute-resolution mechanisms are available for participants, beneficiaries and others implicated in the DDR process, in order to mitigate the risks that natural resources pose for conflict relapse.Furthermore, environmental issues and protection of natural resources can serve as effective platforms or catalysts for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploiting shared interests and broadening cooperation and reconciliation between ex-combatants and their communities, between communities themselves, between communities and the State, as well as between States themselves.20 People and cultures are closely tied to the environment in which they live and to the natural resources upon which they depend. In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources and ecosystem services can support successful social reintegration and reconciliation. In this sense, the management of natural resources can be used as a tool for engaging community members to work together, to revive and strengthen traditional natural resource management techniques that may have been lost during the conflict, and to encourage cooperation towards a shared goal, between and amongst communities and between communities and the State.In settings where natural resources have played a significant role in the conflict, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities for addressing underlying grievances over such resources by promoting equitable and fair access to natural resources, including for women, youth and participants with disability. Access to natural resources, especially land, often carries significant importance for ex-combatants during reintegration, particularly for female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups. Whether the communities are their original places of origin or are new to them, ensuring that they have access to land will be important in establishing their social status and in ensuring that they have access to basic resources for livelihoods. In rural areas, it is essential that DDR practitioners recognize the connection between land and social identity, especially for young men, who often have few alternative options for establishing their place in society, and for women, who are often responsible for food security and extremely vulnerable to exclusion from land or lack of access.To further support social reintegration and reconciliation, as well as to enhance peacebuilding, DDR practitioners should seek to support reintegration activities that empower communities affected by natural resource issues, applying community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches where applicable and promoting inclusive approaches to natural resource management. Ensuring that specific needs groups such as women and youth receive equitable access to and opportunities in natural resource sectors is especially important, as they are essential to ensuring that peacebuilding interventions are sustainable in the long-term.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1423, "Sentence":"Moreover, DDR practitioners can ensure that access to grievance- and non-violent dispute-resolution mechanisms are available for participants, beneficiaries and others implicated in the DDR process, in order to mitigate the risks that natural resources pose for conflict relapse.Furthermore, environmental issues and protection of natural resources can serve as effective platforms or catalysts for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploiting shared interests and broadening cooperation and reconciliation between ex-combatants and their communities, between communities themselves, between communities and the State, as well as between States themselves.20 People and cultures are closely tied to the environment in which they live and to the natural resources upon which they depend.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources moreover ddr practitioner ensure access grievance nonviolent disputeresolution mechanism available participant beneficiary others implicated ddr process order mitigate risk natural resource pose conflict relapse.furthermore environmental issue protection natural resource serve effective platform catalyst enhancing dialogue building confidence exploiting shared interest broadening cooperation reconciliation excombatants community community community state well state themselves.20 people culture closely tied environment live natural resource upon depend ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Contributing to reconciliation and sustaining peace", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governance institutions and State authorities, including those critical to accountability and transparency, may have been eroded by conflict or weak to start with. When tensions intensify and lead to armed conflict, rule of law breaks down and the resulting institutional vacuum can lead to a culture of impunity and corruption. This collapse of governance structures contributes directly to widespread institutional failures in all sectors, allowing opportunistic individuals, organized criminal groups, armed groups and\/or private entities to establish uncontrolled systems of resource exploitation.19 At the same time, public finances are often diverted for military purposes, resulting in the decay of, or lack of investment in, water, waste management and energy services, with corresponding health and environmental contamination risks.During a DDR process, the success and the long-term sustainability of natural resource-based interventions will largely depend on whether there is a good, functioning governance structure at the local, sub-regional, national or regional level. The effective and inclusive governance of natural resources and the environment should be viewed as an investment in conflict prevention within peacebuilding and development processes. Where past activities violate national laws, it is up to the State to exercise its jurisdiction, but egregious crimes constituting gross violations of human rights, as often seen with scorched earth tactics, oblige DDR processes to exclude any individuals associated with these events from participating in the process (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). However, there may be other jurisdictions where multi-national private entities can be targeted and pressured or prosecuted to cut their ties with armed forces and organized criminal groups in conflict areas. Sanctions set by the UN Security Council may also be brought to bear where they cover natural resources that are trafficked or traded by private sector entities and armed forces and groups.DDR practitioners will not be able to influence, control or focus upon all aspects of natural resource governance. However, through careful attention to risk factors in the planning, design and implementation of natural resource-based activities, DDR processes can play a multifaceted and pivotal role in paving the way for good natural resource governance that supports sustainable peace and development. Moreover, DDR practitioners can ensure that access to grievance- and non-violent dispute-resolution mechanisms are available for participants, beneficiaries and others implicated in the DDR process, in order to mitigate the risks that natural resources pose for conflict relapse.Furthermore, environmental issues and protection of natural resources can serve as effective platforms or catalysts for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploiting shared interests and broadening cooperation and reconciliation between ex-combatants and their communities, between communities themselves, between communities and the State, as well as between States themselves.20 People and cultures are closely tied to the environment in which they live and to the natural resources upon which they depend. In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources and ecosystem services can support successful social reintegration and reconciliation. In this sense, the management of natural resources can be used as a tool for engaging community members to work together, to revive and strengthen traditional natural resource management techniques that may have been lost during the conflict, and to encourage cooperation towards a shared goal, between and amongst communities and between communities and the State.In settings where natural resources have played a significant role in the conflict, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities for addressing underlying grievances over such resources by promoting equitable and fair access to natural resources, including for women, youth and participants with disability. Access to natural resources, especially land, often carries significant importance for ex-combatants during reintegration, particularly for female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups. Whether the communities are their original places of origin or are new to them, ensuring that they have access to land will be important in establishing their social status and in ensuring that they have access to basic resources for livelihoods. In rural areas, it is essential that DDR practitioners recognize the connection between land and social identity, especially for young men, who often have few alternative options for establishing their place in society, and for women, who are often responsible for food security and extremely vulnerable to exclusion from land or lack of access.To further support social reintegration and reconciliation, as well as to enhance peacebuilding, DDR practitioners should seek to support reintegration activities that empower communities affected by natural resource issues, applying community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches where applicable and promoting inclusive approaches to natural resource management. Ensuring that specific needs groups such as women and youth receive equitable access to and opportunities in natural resource sectors is especially important, as they are essential to ensuring that peacebuilding interventions are sustainable in the long-term.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1423, "Sentence":"In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources and ecosystem services can support successful social reintegration and reconciliation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources addition economic benefit natural resource ecosystem service support successful social reintegration reconciliation ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Contributing to reconciliation and sustaining peace", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governance institutions and State authorities, including those critical to accountability and transparency, may have been eroded by conflict or weak to start with. When tensions intensify and lead to armed conflict, rule of law breaks down and the resulting institutional vacuum can lead to a culture of impunity and corruption. This collapse of governance structures contributes directly to widespread institutional failures in all sectors, allowing opportunistic individuals, organized criminal groups, armed groups and\/or private entities to establish uncontrolled systems of resource exploitation.19 At the same time, public finances are often diverted for military purposes, resulting in the decay of, or lack of investment in, water, waste management and energy services, with corresponding health and environmental contamination risks.During a DDR process, the success and the long-term sustainability of natural resource-based interventions will largely depend on whether there is a good, functioning governance structure at the local, sub-regional, national or regional level. The effective and inclusive governance of natural resources and the environment should be viewed as an investment in conflict prevention within peacebuilding and development processes. Where past activities violate national laws, it is up to the State to exercise its jurisdiction, but egregious crimes constituting gross violations of human rights, as often seen with scorched earth tactics, oblige DDR processes to exclude any individuals associated with these events from participating in the process (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). However, there may be other jurisdictions where multi-national private entities can be targeted and pressured or prosecuted to cut their ties with armed forces and organized criminal groups in conflict areas. Sanctions set by the UN Security Council may also be brought to bear where they cover natural resources that are trafficked or traded by private sector entities and armed forces and groups.DDR practitioners will not be able to influence, control or focus upon all aspects of natural resource governance. However, through careful attention to risk factors in the planning, design and implementation of natural resource-based activities, DDR processes can play a multifaceted and pivotal role in paving the way for good natural resource governance that supports sustainable peace and development. Moreover, DDR practitioners can ensure that access to grievance- and non-violent dispute-resolution mechanisms are available for participants, beneficiaries and others implicated in the DDR process, in order to mitigate the risks that natural resources pose for conflict relapse.Furthermore, environmental issues and protection of natural resources can serve as effective platforms or catalysts for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploiting shared interests and broadening cooperation and reconciliation between ex-combatants and their communities, between communities themselves, between communities and the State, as well as between States themselves.20 People and cultures are closely tied to the environment in which they live and to the natural resources upon which they depend. In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources and ecosystem services can support successful social reintegration and reconciliation. In this sense, the management of natural resources can be used as a tool for engaging community members to work together, to revive and strengthen traditional natural resource management techniques that may have been lost during the conflict, and to encourage cooperation towards a shared goal, between and amongst communities and between communities and the State.In settings where natural resources have played a significant role in the conflict, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities for addressing underlying grievances over such resources by promoting equitable and fair access to natural resources, including for women, youth and participants with disability. Access to natural resources, especially land, often carries significant importance for ex-combatants during reintegration, particularly for female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups. Whether the communities are their original places of origin or are new to them, ensuring that they have access to land will be important in establishing their social status and in ensuring that they have access to basic resources for livelihoods. In rural areas, it is essential that DDR practitioners recognize the connection between land and social identity, especially for young men, who often have few alternative options for establishing their place in society, and for women, who are often responsible for food security and extremely vulnerable to exclusion from land or lack of access.To further support social reintegration and reconciliation, as well as to enhance peacebuilding, DDR practitioners should seek to support reintegration activities that empower communities affected by natural resource issues, applying community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches where applicable and promoting inclusive approaches to natural resource management. Ensuring that specific needs groups such as women and youth receive equitable access to and opportunities in natural resource sectors is especially important, as they are essential to ensuring that peacebuilding interventions are sustainable in the long-term.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1423, "Sentence":"In this sense, the management of natural resources can be used as a tool for engaging community members to work together, to revive and strengthen traditional natural resource management techniques that may have been lost during the conflict, and to encourage cooperation towards a shared goal, between and amongst communities and between communities and the State.In settings where natural resources have played a significant role in the conflict, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities for addressing underlying grievances over such resources by promoting equitable and fair access to natural resources, including for women, youth and participants with disability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources sense management natural resource used tool engaging community member work together revive strengthen traditional natural resource management technique may lost conflict encourage cooperation towards shared goal amongst community community state.in setting natural resource played significant role conflict ddr practitioner explore opportunity addressing underlying grievance resource promoting equitable fair access natural resource including woman youth participant disability ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Contributing to reconciliation and sustaining peace", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governance institutions and State authorities, including those critical to accountability and transparency, may have been eroded by conflict or weak to start with. When tensions intensify and lead to armed conflict, rule of law breaks down and the resulting institutional vacuum can lead to a culture of impunity and corruption. This collapse of governance structures contributes directly to widespread institutional failures in all sectors, allowing opportunistic individuals, organized criminal groups, armed groups and\/or private entities to establish uncontrolled systems of resource exploitation.19 At the same time, public finances are often diverted for military purposes, resulting in the decay of, or lack of investment in, water, waste management and energy services, with corresponding health and environmental contamination risks.During a DDR process, the success and the long-term sustainability of natural resource-based interventions will largely depend on whether there is a good, functioning governance structure at the local, sub-regional, national or regional level. The effective and inclusive governance of natural resources and the environment should be viewed as an investment in conflict prevention within peacebuilding and development processes. Where past activities violate national laws, it is up to the State to exercise its jurisdiction, but egregious crimes constituting gross violations of human rights, as often seen with scorched earth tactics, oblige DDR processes to exclude any individuals associated with these events from participating in the process (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). However, there may be other jurisdictions where multi-national private entities can be targeted and pressured or prosecuted to cut their ties with armed forces and organized criminal groups in conflict areas. Sanctions set by the UN Security Council may also be brought to bear where they cover natural resources that are trafficked or traded by private sector entities and armed forces and groups.DDR practitioners will not be able to influence, control or focus upon all aspects of natural resource governance. However, through careful attention to risk factors in the planning, design and implementation of natural resource-based activities, DDR processes can play a multifaceted and pivotal role in paving the way for good natural resource governance that supports sustainable peace and development. Moreover, DDR practitioners can ensure that access to grievance- and non-violent dispute-resolution mechanisms are available for participants, beneficiaries and others implicated in the DDR process, in order to mitigate the risks that natural resources pose for conflict relapse.Furthermore, environmental issues and protection of natural resources can serve as effective platforms or catalysts for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploiting shared interests and broadening cooperation and reconciliation between ex-combatants and their communities, between communities themselves, between communities and the State, as well as between States themselves.20 People and cultures are closely tied to the environment in which they live and to the natural resources upon which they depend. In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources and ecosystem services can support successful social reintegration and reconciliation. In this sense, the management of natural resources can be used as a tool for engaging community members to work together, to revive and strengthen traditional natural resource management techniques that may have been lost during the conflict, and to encourage cooperation towards a shared goal, between and amongst communities and between communities and the State.In settings where natural resources have played a significant role in the conflict, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities for addressing underlying grievances over such resources by promoting equitable and fair access to natural resources, including for women, youth and participants with disability. Access to natural resources, especially land, often carries significant importance for ex-combatants during reintegration, particularly for female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups. Whether the communities are their original places of origin or are new to them, ensuring that they have access to land will be important in establishing their social status and in ensuring that they have access to basic resources for livelihoods. In rural areas, it is essential that DDR practitioners recognize the connection between land and social identity, especially for young men, who often have few alternative options for establishing their place in society, and for women, who are often responsible for food security and extremely vulnerable to exclusion from land or lack of access.To further support social reintegration and reconciliation, as well as to enhance peacebuilding, DDR practitioners should seek to support reintegration activities that empower communities affected by natural resource issues, applying community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches where applicable and promoting inclusive approaches to natural resource management. Ensuring that specific needs groups such as women and youth receive equitable access to and opportunities in natural resource sectors is especially important, as they are essential to ensuring that peacebuilding interventions are sustainable in the long-term.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1423, "Sentence":"Access to natural resources, especially land, often carries significant importance for ex-combatants during reintegration, particularly for female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources access natural resource especially land often carry significant importance excombatants reintegration particularly female excombatants woman associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Contributing to reconciliation and sustaining peace", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governance institutions and State authorities, including those critical to accountability and transparency, may have been eroded by conflict or weak to start with. When tensions intensify and lead to armed conflict, rule of law breaks down and the resulting institutional vacuum can lead to a culture of impunity and corruption. This collapse of governance structures contributes directly to widespread institutional failures in all sectors, allowing opportunistic individuals, organized criminal groups, armed groups and\/or private entities to establish uncontrolled systems of resource exploitation.19 At the same time, public finances are often diverted for military purposes, resulting in the decay of, or lack of investment in, water, waste management and energy services, with corresponding health and environmental contamination risks.During a DDR process, the success and the long-term sustainability of natural resource-based interventions will largely depend on whether there is a good, functioning governance structure at the local, sub-regional, national or regional level. The effective and inclusive governance of natural resources and the environment should be viewed as an investment in conflict prevention within peacebuilding and development processes. Where past activities violate national laws, it is up to the State to exercise its jurisdiction, but egregious crimes constituting gross violations of human rights, as often seen with scorched earth tactics, oblige DDR processes to exclude any individuals associated with these events from participating in the process (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). However, there may be other jurisdictions where multi-national private entities can be targeted and pressured or prosecuted to cut their ties with armed forces and organized criminal groups in conflict areas. Sanctions set by the UN Security Council may also be brought to bear where they cover natural resources that are trafficked or traded by private sector entities and armed forces and groups.DDR practitioners will not be able to influence, control or focus upon all aspects of natural resource governance. However, through careful attention to risk factors in the planning, design and implementation of natural resource-based activities, DDR processes can play a multifaceted and pivotal role in paving the way for good natural resource governance that supports sustainable peace and development. Moreover, DDR practitioners can ensure that access to grievance- and non-violent dispute-resolution mechanisms are available for participants, beneficiaries and others implicated in the DDR process, in order to mitigate the risks that natural resources pose for conflict relapse.Furthermore, environmental issues and protection of natural resources can serve as effective platforms or catalysts for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploiting shared interests and broadening cooperation and reconciliation between ex-combatants and their communities, between communities themselves, between communities and the State, as well as between States themselves.20 People and cultures are closely tied to the environment in which they live and to the natural resources upon which they depend. In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources and ecosystem services can support successful social reintegration and reconciliation. In this sense, the management of natural resources can be used as a tool for engaging community members to work together, to revive and strengthen traditional natural resource management techniques that may have been lost during the conflict, and to encourage cooperation towards a shared goal, between and amongst communities and between communities and the State.In settings where natural resources have played a significant role in the conflict, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities for addressing underlying grievances over such resources by promoting equitable and fair access to natural resources, including for women, youth and participants with disability. Access to natural resources, especially land, often carries significant importance for ex-combatants during reintegration, particularly for female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups. Whether the communities are their original places of origin or are new to them, ensuring that they have access to land will be important in establishing their social status and in ensuring that they have access to basic resources for livelihoods. In rural areas, it is essential that DDR practitioners recognize the connection between land and social identity, especially for young men, who often have few alternative options for establishing their place in society, and for women, who are often responsible for food security and extremely vulnerable to exclusion from land or lack of access.To further support social reintegration and reconciliation, as well as to enhance peacebuilding, DDR practitioners should seek to support reintegration activities that empower communities affected by natural resource issues, applying community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches where applicable and promoting inclusive approaches to natural resource management. Ensuring that specific needs groups such as women and youth receive equitable access to and opportunities in natural resource sectors is especially important, as they are essential to ensuring that peacebuilding interventions are sustainable in the long-term.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1423, "Sentence":"Whether the communities are their original places of origin or are new to them, ensuring that they have access to land will be important in establishing their social status and in ensuring that they have access to basic resources for livelihoods.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources whether community original place origin new ensuring access land important establishing social status ensuring access basic resource livelihood ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Contributing to reconciliation and sustaining peace", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governance institutions and State authorities, including those critical to accountability and transparency, may have been eroded by conflict or weak to start with. When tensions intensify and lead to armed conflict, rule of law breaks down and the resulting institutional vacuum can lead to a culture of impunity and corruption. This collapse of governance structures contributes directly to widespread institutional failures in all sectors, allowing opportunistic individuals, organized criminal groups, armed groups and\/or private entities to establish uncontrolled systems of resource exploitation.19 At the same time, public finances are often diverted for military purposes, resulting in the decay of, or lack of investment in, water, waste management and energy services, with corresponding health and environmental contamination risks.During a DDR process, the success and the long-term sustainability of natural resource-based interventions will largely depend on whether there is a good, functioning governance structure at the local, sub-regional, national or regional level. The effective and inclusive governance of natural resources and the environment should be viewed as an investment in conflict prevention within peacebuilding and development processes. Where past activities violate national laws, it is up to the State to exercise its jurisdiction, but egregious crimes constituting gross violations of human rights, as often seen with scorched earth tactics, oblige DDR processes to exclude any individuals associated with these events from participating in the process (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). However, there may be other jurisdictions where multi-national private entities can be targeted and pressured or prosecuted to cut their ties with armed forces and organized criminal groups in conflict areas. Sanctions set by the UN Security Council may also be brought to bear where they cover natural resources that are trafficked or traded by private sector entities and armed forces and groups.DDR practitioners will not be able to influence, control or focus upon all aspects of natural resource governance. However, through careful attention to risk factors in the planning, design and implementation of natural resource-based activities, DDR processes can play a multifaceted and pivotal role in paving the way for good natural resource governance that supports sustainable peace and development. Moreover, DDR practitioners can ensure that access to grievance- and non-violent dispute-resolution mechanisms are available for participants, beneficiaries and others implicated in the DDR process, in order to mitigate the risks that natural resources pose for conflict relapse.Furthermore, environmental issues and protection of natural resources can serve as effective platforms or catalysts for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploiting shared interests and broadening cooperation and reconciliation between ex-combatants and their communities, between communities themselves, between communities and the State, as well as between States themselves.20 People and cultures are closely tied to the environment in which they live and to the natural resources upon which they depend. In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources and ecosystem services can support successful social reintegration and reconciliation. In this sense, the management of natural resources can be used as a tool for engaging community members to work together, to revive and strengthen traditional natural resource management techniques that may have been lost during the conflict, and to encourage cooperation towards a shared goal, between and amongst communities and between communities and the State.In settings where natural resources have played a significant role in the conflict, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities for addressing underlying grievances over such resources by promoting equitable and fair access to natural resources, including for women, youth and participants with disability. Access to natural resources, especially land, often carries significant importance for ex-combatants during reintegration, particularly for female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups. Whether the communities are their original places of origin or are new to them, ensuring that they have access to land will be important in establishing their social status and in ensuring that they have access to basic resources for livelihoods. In rural areas, it is essential that DDR practitioners recognize the connection between land and social identity, especially for young men, who often have few alternative options for establishing their place in society, and for women, who are often responsible for food security and extremely vulnerable to exclusion from land or lack of access.To further support social reintegration and reconciliation, as well as to enhance peacebuilding, DDR practitioners should seek to support reintegration activities that empower communities affected by natural resource issues, applying community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches where applicable and promoting inclusive approaches to natural resource management. Ensuring that specific needs groups such as women and youth receive equitable access to and opportunities in natural resource sectors is especially important, as they are essential to ensuring that peacebuilding interventions are sustainable in the long-term.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1423, "Sentence":"In rural areas, it is essential that DDR practitioners recognize the connection between land and social identity, especially for young men, who often have few alternative options for establishing their place in society, and for women, who are often responsible for food security and extremely vulnerable to exclusion from land or lack of access.To further support social reintegration and reconciliation, as well as to enhance peacebuilding, DDR practitioners should seek to support reintegration activities that empower communities affected by natural resource issues, applying community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches where applicable and promoting inclusive approaches to natural resource management.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources rural area essential ddr practitioner recognize connection land social identity especially young men often alternative option establishing place society woman often responsible food security extremely vulnerable exclusion land lack access.to support social reintegration reconciliation well enhance peacebuilding ddr practitioner seek support reintegration activity empower community affected natural resource issue applying communitybased natural resource management cbnrm approach applicable promoting inclusive approach natural resource management ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"5. Natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"5.3 Contributing to reconciliation and sustaining peace", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Governance institutions and State authorities, including those critical to accountability and transparency, may have been eroded by conflict or weak to start with. When tensions intensify and lead to armed conflict, rule of law breaks down and the resulting institutional vacuum can lead to a culture of impunity and corruption. This collapse of governance structures contributes directly to widespread institutional failures in all sectors, allowing opportunistic individuals, organized criminal groups, armed groups and\/or private entities to establish uncontrolled systems of resource exploitation.19 At the same time, public finances are often diverted for military purposes, resulting in the decay of, or lack of investment in, water, waste management and energy services, with corresponding health and environmental contamination risks.During a DDR process, the success and the long-term sustainability of natural resource-based interventions will largely depend on whether there is a good, functioning governance structure at the local, sub-regional, national or regional level. The effective and inclusive governance of natural resources and the environment should be viewed as an investment in conflict prevention within peacebuilding and development processes. Where past activities violate national laws, it is up to the State to exercise its jurisdiction, but egregious crimes constituting gross violations of human rights, as often seen with scorched earth tactics, oblige DDR processes to exclude any individuals associated with these events from participating in the process (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). However, there may be other jurisdictions where multi-national private entities can be targeted and pressured or prosecuted to cut their ties with armed forces and organized criminal groups in conflict areas. Sanctions set by the UN Security Council may also be brought to bear where they cover natural resources that are trafficked or traded by private sector entities and armed forces and groups.DDR practitioners will not be able to influence, control or focus upon all aspects of natural resource governance. However, through careful attention to risk factors in the planning, design and implementation of natural resource-based activities, DDR processes can play a multifaceted and pivotal role in paving the way for good natural resource governance that supports sustainable peace and development. Moreover, DDR practitioners can ensure that access to grievance- and non-violent dispute-resolution mechanisms are available for participants, beneficiaries and others implicated in the DDR process, in order to mitigate the risks that natural resources pose for conflict relapse.Furthermore, environmental issues and protection of natural resources can serve as effective platforms or catalysts for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploiting shared interests and broadening cooperation and reconciliation between ex-combatants and their communities, between communities themselves, between communities and the State, as well as between States themselves.20 People and cultures are closely tied to the environment in which they live and to the natural resources upon which they depend. In addition to their economic benefits, natural resources and ecosystem services can support successful social reintegration and reconciliation. In this sense, the management of natural resources can be used as a tool for engaging community members to work together, to revive and strengthen traditional natural resource management techniques that may have been lost during the conflict, and to encourage cooperation towards a shared goal, between and amongst communities and between communities and the State.In settings where natural resources have played a significant role in the conflict, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities for addressing underlying grievances over such resources by promoting equitable and fair access to natural resources, including for women, youth and participants with disability. Access to natural resources, especially land, often carries significant importance for ex-combatants during reintegration, particularly for female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups. Whether the communities are their original places of origin or are new to them, ensuring that they have access to land will be important in establishing their social status and in ensuring that they have access to basic resources for livelihoods. In rural areas, it is essential that DDR practitioners recognize the connection between land and social identity, especially for young men, who often have few alternative options for establishing their place in society, and for women, who are often responsible for food security and extremely vulnerable to exclusion from land or lack of access.To further support social reintegration and reconciliation, as well as to enhance peacebuilding, DDR practitioners should seek to support reintegration activities that empower communities affected by natural resource issues, applying community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches where applicable and promoting inclusive approaches to natural resource management. Ensuring that specific needs groups such as women and youth receive equitable access to and opportunities in natural resource sectors is especially important, as they are essential to ensuring that peacebuilding interventions are sustainable in the long-term.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1423, "Sentence":"Ensuring that specific needs groups such as women and youth receive equitable access to and opportunities in natural resource sectors is especially important, as they are essential to ensuring that peacebuilding interventions are sustainable in the long-term.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ensuring specific need group woman youth receive equitable access opportunity natural resource sector especially important essential ensuring peacebuilding intervention sustainable longterm ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"At the outset, there are several key risk factors to consider when looking to leverage natural resources to support DDR processes. Depending on where DDR practitioners are working along the peace continuum, the following are three key areas where risks and opportunities should be considered: \\n Supporting economic recovery: When natural resources are properly governed and carefully managed, \u201chigh-value\u201d resources (such as hydrocarbons, minerals, metals, stones and export timber) can form an important basis for employment creation and budget revenue for development. With close attention to whether a robust framework is in place with respect to land rights, and sub-surface natural resource rights as a pre-cursor, engagement with private sector entities can help to facilitate these types of opportunities, whether for high-value natural resources or agricultural commodities with significant market value such as coffee, cocoa, grains or other soft commodities. The risk, however, is that the pressure to kick-start development and earn foreign exchange can lead to rapid, uncontrolled exploitation of such resources at sub-optimal prices, without due attention to land and sub-surface resource rights, environmental sustainability, employment creation and the equitable distribution of revenues. When the benefits are not shared, or when environmental degradation occurs as a consequence of exploitation, there could be serious potential for conflict to resume. \\n Developing sustainable livelihoods for peace: Sustainable peace fundamentally hinges on the development of sustainable livelihoods, the provision of basic services, and on the recovery and sound management (including equitable distribution of related benefits) of the natural resource base. Environmental damage caused by conflicts, coping strategies and chronic environmental problems (including climate change impacts) that undermine livelihoods must therefore be addressed from the outset. Minimizing vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change through the management of key natural resources and the introduction of appropriate technologies may also be addressed. Women and children are often disproportionally affected by environmental contamination economically, socially as well as in terms of their health and well-being. DDR practitioners should therefore seek to address the specific needs of women and children in relation to their dependence on natural resources and risks involved. Careful coordination and attention to issues of land access, tenure and the availability of agricultural inputs and access to financing are critical elements for ensuring success and sustainability. Women, and especially unmarried women and women who are not closely associated with a male relative, or those who face stigma or discrimination due to various other circumstances (i.e., sexual violence survivors, single mothers, unmarried women, etc.) are often disadvantaged in regard to access to capital assets as women\u2019s ownership rights are often based on de facto agreements through male community members and traditional gender roles may prevent women and girls from accessing education and capacity building. \\n Contributing to dialogue, reconciliation and confidence building: Natural resources can be a neutral entry point or catalyst for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploring shared interests and broadening cooperation between divided communities as well as within and between states. Such actions should aim to use an inclusive approach that seeks to consider and respond to the needs of the entire population, especially women and youth. Bringing communities together to discuss and resolve common challenges and concerns, such as access to water points and grazing lands, can be a powerful peacebuilding tool and can help to mitigate the risk of further conflict between competing natural resource user groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1424, "Sentence":"At the outset, there are several key risk factors to consider when looking to leverage natural resources to support DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources outset several key risk factor consider looking leverage natural resource support ddr process ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"At the outset, there are several key risk factors to consider when looking to leverage natural resources to support DDR processes. Depending on where DDR practitioners are working along the peace continuum, the following are three key areas where risks and opportunities should be considered: \\n Supporting economic recovery: When natural resources are properly governed and carefully managed, \u201chigh-value\u201d resources (such as hydrocarbons, minerals, metals, stones and export timber) can form an important basis for employment creation and budget revenue for development. With close attention to whether a robust framework is in place with respect to land rights, and sub-surface natural resource rights as a pre-cursor, engagement with private sector entities can help to facilitate these types of opportunities, whether for high-value natural resources or agricultural commodities with significant market value such as coffee, cocoa, grains or other soft commodities. The risk, however, is that the pressure to kick-start development and earn foreign exchange can lead to rapid, uncontrolled exploitation of such resources at sub-optimal prices, without due attention to land and sub-surface resource rights, environmental sustainability, employment creation and the equitable distribution of revenues. When the benefits are not shared, or when environmental degradation occurs as a consequence of exploitation, there could be serious potential for conflict to resume. \\n Developing sustainable livelihoods for peace: Sustainable peace fundamentally hinges on the development of sustainable livelihoods, the provision of basic services, and on the recovery and sound management (including equitable distribution of related benefits) of the natural resource base. Environmental damage caused by conflicts, coping strategies and chronic environmental problems (including climate change impacts) that undermine livelihoods must therefore be addressed from the outset. Minimizing vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change through the management of key natural resources and the introduction of appropriate technologies may also be addressed. Women and children are often disproportionally affected by environmental contamination economically, socially as well as in terms of their health and well-being. DDR practitioners should therefore seek to address the specific needs of women and children in relation to their dependence on natural resources and risks involved. Careful coordination and attention to issues of land access, tenure and the availability of agricultural inputs and access to financing are critical elements for ensuring success and sustainability. Women, and especially unmarried women and women who are not closely associated with a male relative, or those who face stigma or discrimination due to various other circumstances (i.e., sexual violence survivors, single mothers, unmarried women, etc.) are often disadvantaged in regard to access to capital assets as women\u2019s ownership rights are often based on de facto agreements through male community members and traditional gender roles may prevent women and girls from accessing education and capacity building. \\n Contributing to dialogue, reconciliation and confidence building: Natural resources can be a neutral entry point or catalyst for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploring shared interests and broadening cooperation between divided communities as well as within and between states. Such actions should aim to use an inclusive approach that seeks to consider and respond to the needs of the entire population, especially women and youth. Bringing communities together to discuss and resolve common challenges and concerns, such as access to water points and grazing lands, can be a powerful peacebuilding tool and can help to mitigate the risk of further conflict between competing natural resource user groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1424, "Sentence":"Depending on where DDR practitioners are working along the peace continuum, the following are three key areas where risks and opportunities should be considered: \\n Supporting economic recovery: When natural resources are properly governed and carefully managed, \u201chigh-value\u201d resources (such as hydrocarbons, minerals, metals, stones and export timber) can form an important basis for employment creation and budget revenue for development.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources depending ddr practitioner working along peace continuum following three key area risk opportunity considered n supporting economic recovery natural resource properly governed carefully managed \u201c highvalue \u201d resource hydrocarbon mineral metal stone export timber form important basis employment creation budget revenue development ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"At the outset, there are several key risk factors to consider when looking to leverage natural resources to support DDR processes. Depending on where DDR practitioners are working along the peace continuum, the following are three key areas where risks and opportunities should be considered: \\n Supporting economic recovery: When natural resources are properly governed and carefully managed, \u201chigh-value\u201d resources (such as hydrocarbons, minerals, metals, stones and export timber) can form an important basis for employment creation and budget revenue for development. With close attention to whether a robust framework is in place with respect to land rights, and sub-surface natural resource rights as a pre-cursor, engagement with private sector entities can help to facilitate these types of opportunities, whether for high-value natural resources or agricultural commodities with significant market value such as coffee, cocoa, grains or other soft commodities. The risk, however, is that the pressure to kick-start development and earn foreign exchange can lead to rapid, uncontrolled exploitation of such resources at sub-optimal prices, without due attention to land and sub-surface resource rights, environmental sustainability, employment creation and the equitable distribution of revenues. When the benefits are not shared, or when environmental degradation occurs as a consequence of exploitation, there could be serious potential for conflict to resume. \\n Developing sustainable livelihoods for peace: Sustainable peace fundamentally hinges on the development of sustainable livelihoods, the provision of basic services, and on the recovery and sound management (including equitable distribution of related benefits) of the natural resource base. Environmental damage caused by conflicts, coping strategies and chronic environmental problems (including climate change impacts) that undermine livelihoods must therefore be addressed from the outset. Minimizing vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change through the management of key natural resources and the introduction of appropriate technologies may also be addressed. Women and children are often disproportionally affected by environmental contamination economically, socially as well as in terms of their health and well-being. DDR practitioners should therefore seek to address the specific needs of women and children in relation to their dependence on natural resources and risks involved. Careful coordination and attention to issues of land access, tenure and the availability of agricultural inputs and access to financing are critical elements for ensuring success and sustainability. Women, and especially unmarried women and women who are not closely associated with a male relative, or those who face stigma or discrimination due to various other circumstances (i.e., sexual violence survivors, single mothers, unmarried women, etc.) are often disadvantaged in regard to access to capital assets as women\u2019s ownership rights are often based on de facto agreements through male community members and traditional gender roles may prevent women and girls from accessing education and capacity building. \\n Contributing to dialogue, reconciliation and confidence building: Natural resources can be a neutral entry point or catalyst for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploring shared interests and broadening cooperation between divided communities as well as within and between states. Such actions should aim to use an inclusive approach that seeks to consider and respond to the needs of the entire population, especially women and youth. Bringing communities together to discuss and resolve common challenges and concerns, such as access to water points and grazing lands, can be a powerful peacebuilding tool and can help to mitigate the risk of further conflict between competing natural resource user groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1424, "Sentence":"With close attention to whether a robust framework is in place with respect to land rights, and sub-surface natural resource rights as a pre-cursor, engagement with private sector entities can help to facilitate these types of opportunities, whether for high-value natural resources or agricultural commodities with significant market value such as coffee, cocoa, grains or other soft commodities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources close attention whether robust framework place respect land right subsurface natural resource right precursor engagement private sector entity help facilitate type opportunity whether highvalue natural resource agricultural commodity significant market value coffee cocoa grain soft commodity ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"At the outset, there are several key risk factors to consider when looking to leverage natural resources to support DDR processes. Depending on where DDR practitioners are working along the peace continuum, the following are three key areas where risks and opportunities should be considered: \\n Supporting economic recovery: When natural resources are properly governed and carefully managed, \u201chigh-value\u201d resources (such as hydrocarbons, minerals, metals, stones and export timber) can form an important basis for employment creation and budget revenue for development. With close attention to whether a robust framework is in place with respect to land rights, and sub-surface natural resource rights as a pre-cursor, engagement with private sector entities can help to facilitate these types of opportunities, whether for high-value natural resources or agricultural commodities with significant market value such as coffee, cocoa, grains or other soft commodities. The risk, however, is that the pressure to kick-start development and earn foreign exchange can lead to rapid, uncontrolled exploitation of such resources at sub-optimal prices, without due attention to land and sub-surface resource rights, environmental sustainability, employment creation and the equitable distribution of revenues. When the benefits are not shared, or when environmental degradation occurs as a consequence of exploitation, there could be serious potential for conflict to resume. \\n Developing sustainable livelihoods for peace: Sustainable peace fundamentally hinges on the development of sustainable livelihoods, the provision of basic services, and on the recovery and sound management (including equitable distribution of related benefits) of the natural resource base. Environmental damage caused by conflicts, coping strategies and chronic environmental problems (including climate change impacts) that undermine livelihoods must therefore be addressed from the outset. Minimizing vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change through the management of key natural resources and the introduction of appropriate technologies may also be addressed. Women and children are often disproportionally affected by environmental contamination economically, socially as well as in terms of their health and well-being. DDR practitioners should therefore seek to address the specific needs of women and children in relation to their dependence on natural resources and risks involved. Careful coordination and attention to issues of land access, tenure and the availability of agricultural inputs and access to financing are critical elements for ensuring success and sustainability. Women, and especially unmarried women and women who are not closely associated with a male relative, or those who face stigma or discrimination due to various other circumstances (i.e., sexual violence survivors, single mothers, unmarried women, etc.) are often disadvantaged in regard to access to capital assets as women\u2019s ownership rights are often based on de facto agreements through male community members and traditional gender roles may prevent women and girls from accessing education and capacity building. \\n Contributing to dialogue, reconciliation and confidence building: Natural resources can be a neutral entry point or catalyst for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploring shared interests and broadening cooperation between divided communities as well as within and between states. Such actions should aim to use an inclusive approach that seeks to consider and respond to the needs of the entire population, especially women and youth. Bringing communities together to discuss and resolve common challenges and concerns, such as access to water points and grazing lands, can be a powerful peacebuilding tool and can help to mitigate the risk of further conflict between competing natural resource user groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1424, "Sentence":"The risk, however, is that the pressure to kick-start development and earn foreign exchange can lead to rapid, uncontrolled exploitation of such resources at sub-optimal prices, without due attention to land and sub-surface resource rights, environmental sustainability, employment creation and the equitable distribution of revenues.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources risk however pressure kickstart development earn foreign exchange lead rapid uncontrolled exploitation resource suboptimal price without due attention land subsurface resource right environmental sustainability employment creation equitable distribution revenue ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"At the outset, there are several key risk factors to consider when looking to leverage natural resources to support DDR processes. Depending on where DDR practitioners are working along the peace continuum, the following are three key areas where risks and opportunities should be considered: \\n Supporting economic recovery: When natural resources are properly governed and carefully managed, \u201chigh-value\u201d resources (such as hydrocarbons, minerals, metals, stones and export timber) can form an important basis for employment creation and budget revenue for development. With close attention to whether a robust framework is in place with respect to land rights, and sub-surface natural resource rights as a pre-cursor, engagement with private sector entities can help to facilitate these types of opportunities, whether for high-value natural resources or agricultural commodities with significant market value such as coffee, cocoa, grains or other soft commodities. The risk, however, is that the pressure to kick-start development and earn foreign exchange can lead to rapid, uncontrolled exploitation of such resources at sub-optimal prices, without due attention to land and sub-surface resource rights, environmental sustainability, employment creation and the equitable distribution of revenues. When the benefits are not shared, or when environmental degradation occurs as a consequence of exploitation, there could be serious potential for conflict to resume. \\n Developing sustainable livelihoods for peace: Sustainable peace fundamentally hinges on the development of sustainable livelihoods, the provision of basic services, and on the recovery and sound management (including equitable distribution of related benefits) of the natural resource base. Environmental damage caused by conflicts, coping strategies and chronic environmental problems (including climate change impacts) that undermine livelihoods must therefore be addressed from the outset. Minimizing vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change through the management of key natural resources and the introduction of appropriate technologies may also be addressed. Women and children are often disproportionally affected by environmental contamination economically, socially as well as in terms of their health and well-being. DDR practitioners should therefore seek to address the specific needs of women and children in relation to their dependence on natural resources and risks involved. Careful coordination and attention to issues of land access, tenure and the availability of agricultural inputs and access to financing are critical elements for ensuring success and sustainability. Women, and especially unmarried women and women who are not closely associated with a male relative, or those who face stigma or discrimination due to various other circumstances (i.e., sexual violence survivors, single mothers, unmarried women, etc.) are often disadvantaged in regard to access to capital assets as women\u2019s ownership rights are often based on de facto agreements through male community members and traditional gender roles may prevent women and girls from accessing education and capacity building. \\n Contributing to dialogue, reconciliation and confidence building: Natural resources can be a neutral entry point or catalyst for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploring shared interests and broadening cooperation between divided communities as well as within and between states. Such actions should aim to use an inclusive approach that seeks to consider and respond to the needs of the entire population, especially women and youth. Bringing communities together to discuss and resolve common challenges and concerns, such as access to water points and grazing lands, can be a powerful peacebuilding tool and can help to mitigate the risk of further conflict between competing natural resource user groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1424, "Sentence":"When the benefits are not shared, or when environmental degradation occurs as a consequence of exploitation, there could be serious potential for conflict to resume.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources benefit shared environmental degradation occurs consequence exploitation could serious potential conflict resume ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"At the outset, there are several key risk factors to consider when looking to leverage natural resources to support DDR processes. Depending on where DDR practitioners are working along the peace continuum, the following are three key areas where risks and opportunities should be considered: \\n Supporting economic recovery: When natural resources are properly governed and carefully managed, \u201chigh-value\u201d resources (such as hydrocarbons, minerals, metals, stones and export timber) can form an important basis for employment creation and budget revenue for development. With close attention to whether a robust framework is in place with respect to land rights, and sub-surface natural resource rights as a pre-cursor, engagement with private sector entities can help to facilitate these types of opportunities, whether for high-value natural resources or agricultural commodities with significant market value such as coffee, cocoa, grains or other soft commodities. The risk, however, is that the pressure to kick-start development and earn foreign exchange can lead to rapid, uncontrolled exploitation of such resources at sub-optimal prices, without due attention to land and sub-surface resource rights, environmental sustainability, employment creation and the equitable distribution of revenues. When the benefits are not shared, or when environmental degradation occurs as a consequence of exploitation, there could be serious potential for conflict to resume. \\n Developing sustainable livelihoods for peace: Sustainable peace fundamentally hinges on the development of sustainable livelihoods, the provision of basic services, and on the recovery and sound management (including equitable distribution of related benefits) of the natural resource base. Environmental damage caused by conflicts, coping strategies and chronic environmental problems (including climate change impacts) that undermine livelihoods must therefore be addressed from the outset. Minimizing vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change through the management of key natural resources and the introduction of appropriate technologies may also be addressed. Women and children are often disproportionally affected by environmental contamination economically, socially as well as in terms of their health and well-being. DDR practitioners should therefore seek to address the specific needs of women and children in relation to their dependence on natural resources and risks involved. Careful coordination and attention to issues of land access, tenure and the availability of agricultural inputs and access to financing are critical elements for ensuring success and sustainability. Women, and especially unmarried women and women who are not closely associated with a male relative, or those who face stigma or discrimination due to various other circumstances (i.e., sexual violence survivors, single mothers, unmarried women, etc.) are often disadvantaged in regard to access to capital assets as women\u2019s ownership rights are often based on de facto agreements through male community members and traditional gender roles may prevent women and girls from accessing education and capacity building. \\n Contributing to dialogue, reconciliation and confidence building: Natural resources can be a neutral entry point or catalyst for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploring shared interests and broadening cooperation between divided communities as well as within and between states. Such actions should aim to use an inclusive approach that seeks to consider and respond to the needs of the entire population, especially women and youth. Bringing communities together to discuss and resolve common challenges and concerns, such as access to water points and grazing lands, can be a powerful peacebuilding tool and can help to mitigate the risk of further conflict between competing natural resource user groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1424, "Sentence":"\\n Developing sustainable livelihoods for peace: Sustainable peace fundamentally hinges on the development of sustainable livelihoods, the provision of basic services, and on the recovery and sound management (including equitable distribution of related benefits) of the natural resource base.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n developing sustainable livelihood peace sustainable peace fundamentally hinge development sustainable livelihood provision basic service recovery sound management including equitable distribution related benefit natural resource base ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"At the outset, there are several key risk factors to consider when looking to leverage natural resources to support DDR processes. Depending on where DDR practitioners are working along the peace continuum, the following are three key areas where risks and opportunities should be considered: \\n Supporting economic recovery: When natural resources are properly governed and carefully managed, \u201chigh-value\u201d resources (such as hydrocarbons, minerals, metals, stones and export timber) can form an important basis for employment creation and budget revenue for development. With close attention to whether a robust framework is in place with respect to land rights, and sub-surface natural resource rights as a pre-cursor, engagement with private sector entities can help to facilitate these types of opportunities, whether for high-value natural resources or agricultural commodities with significant market value such as coffee, cocoa, grains or other soft commodities. The risk, however, is that the pressure to kick-start development and earn foreign exchange can lead to rapid, uncontrolled exploitation of such resources at sub-optimal prices, without due attention to land and sub-surface resource rights, environmental sustainability, employment creation and the equitable distribution of revenues. When the benefits are not shared, or when environmental degradation occurs as a consequence of exploitation, there could be serious potential for conflict to resume. \\n Developing sustainable livelihoods for peace: Sustainable peace fundamentally hinges on the development of sustainable livelihoods, the provision of basic services, and on the recovery and sound management (including equitable distribution of related benefits) of the natural resource base. Environmental damage caused by conflicts, coping strategies and chronic environmental problems (including climate change impacts) that undermine livelihoods must therefore be addressed from the outset. Minimizing vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change through the management of key natural resources and the introduction of appropriate technologies may also be addressed. Women and children are often disproportionally affected by environmental contamination economically, socially as well as in terms of their health and well-being. DDR practitioners should therefore seek to address the specific needs of women and children in relation to their dependence on natural resources and risks involved. Careful coordination and attention to issues of land access, tenure and the availability of agricultural inputs and access to financing are critical elements for ensuring success and sustainability. Women, and especially unmarried women and women who are not closely associated with a male relative, or those who face stigma or discrimination due to various other circumstances (i.e., sexual violence survivors, single mothers, unmarried women, etc.) are often disadvantaged in regard to access to capital assets as women\u2019s ownership rights are often based on de facto agreements through male community members and traditional gender roles may prevent women and girls from accessing education and capacity building. \\n Contributing to dialogue, reconciliation and confidence building: Natural resources can be a neutral entry point or catalyst for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploring shared interests and broadening cooperation between divided communities as well as within and between states. Such actions should aim to use an inclusive approach that seeks to consider and respond to the needs of the entire population, especially women and youth. Bringing communities together to discuss and resolve common challenges and concerns, such as access to water points and grazing lands, can be a powerful peacebuilding tool and can help to mitigate the risk of further conflict between competing natural resource user groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1424, "Sentence":"Environmental damage caused by conflicts, coping strategies and chronic environmental problems (including climate change impacts) that undermine livelihoods must therefore be addressed from the outset.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources environmental damage caused conflict coping strategy chronic environmental problem including climate change impact undermine livelihood must therefore addressed outset ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"At the outset, there are several key risk factors to consider when looking to leverage natural resources to support DDR processes. Depending on where DDR practitioners are working along the peace continuum, the following are three key areas where risks and opportunities should be considered: \\n Supporting economic recovery: When natural resources are properly governed and carefully managed, \u201chigh-value\u201d resources (such as hydrocarbons, minerals, metals, stones and export timber) can form an important basis for employment creation and budget revenue for development. With close attention to whether a robust framework is in place with respect to land rights, and sub-surface natural resource rights as a pre-cursor, engagement with private sector entities can help to facilitate these types of opportunities, whether for high-value natural resources or agricultural commodities with significant market value such as coffee, cocoa, grains or other soft commodities. The risk, however, is that the pressure to kick-start development and earn foreign exchange can lead to rapid, uncontrolled exploitation of such resources at sub-optimal prices, without due attention to land and sub-surface resource rights, environmental sustainability, employment creation and the equitable distribution of revenues. When the benefits are not shared, or when environmental degradation occurs as a consequence of exploitation, there could be serious potential for conflict to resume. \\n Developing sustainable livelihoods for peace: Sustainable peace fundamentally hinges on the development of sustainable livelihoods, the provision of basic services, and on the recovery and sound management (including equitable distribution of related benefits) of the natural resource base. Environmental damage caused by conflicts, coping strategies and chronic environmental problems (including climate change impacts) that undermine livelihoods must therefore be addressed from the outset. Minimizing vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change through the management of key natural resources and the introduction of appropriate technologies may also be addressed. Women and children are often disproportionally affected by environmental contamination economically, socially as well as in terms of their health and well-being. DDR practitioners should therefore seek to address the specific needs of women and children in relation to their dependence on natural resources and risks involved. Careful coordination and attention to issues of land access, tenure and the availability of agricultural inputs and access to financing are critical elements for ensuring success and sustainability. Women, and especially unmarried women and women who are not closely associated with a male relative, or those who face stigma or discrimination due to various other circumstances (i.e., sexual violence survivors, single mothers, unmarried women, etc.) are often disadvantaged in regard to access to capital assets as women\u2019s ownership rights are often based on de facto agreements through male community members and traditional gender roles may prevent women and girls from accessing education and capacity building. \\n Contributing to dialogue, reconciliation and confidence building: Natural resources can be a neutral entry point or catalyst for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploring shared interests and broadening cooperation between divided communities as well as within and between states. Such actions should aim to use an inclusive approach that seeks to consider and respond to the needs of the entire population, especially women and youth. Bringing communities together to discuss and resolve common challenges and concerns, such as access to water points and grazing lands, can be a powerful peacebuilding tool and can help to mitigate the risk of further conflict between competing natural resource user groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1424, "Sentence":"Minimizing vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change through the management of key natural resources and the introduction of appropriate technologies may also be addressed.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources minimizing vulnerability natural hazard climate change management key natural resource introduction appropriate technology may also addressed ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"At the outset, there are several key risk factors to consider when looking to leverage natural resources to support DDR processes. Depending on where DDR practitioners are working along the peace continuum, the following are three key areas where risks and opportunities should be considered: \\n Supporting economic recovery: When natural resources are properly governed and carefully managed, \u201chigh-value\u201d resources (such as hydrocarbons, minerals, metals, stones and export timber) can form an important basis for employment creation and budget revenue for development. With close attention to whether a robust framework is in place with respect to land rights, and sub-surface natural resource rights as a pre-cursor, engagement with private sector entities can help to facilitate these types of opportunities, whether for high-value natural resources or agricultural commodities with significant market value such as coffee, cocoa, grains or other soft commodities. The risk, however, is that the pressure to kick-start development and earn foreign exchange can lead to rapid, uncontrolled exploitation of such resources at sub-optimal prices, without due attention to land and sub-surface resource rights, environmental sustainability, employment creation and the equitable distribution of revenues. When the benefits are not shared, or when environmental degradation occurs as a consequence of exploitation, there could be serious potential for conflict to resume. \\n Developing sustainable livelihoods for peace: Sustainable peace fundamentally hinges on the development of sustainable livelihoods, the provision of basic services, and on the recovery and sound management (including equitable distribution of related benefits) of the natural resource base. Environmental damage caused by conflicts, coping strategies and chronic environmental problems (including climate change impacts) that undermine livelihoods must therefore be addressed from the outset. Minimizing vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change through the management of key natural resources and the introduction of appropriate technologies may also be addressed. Women and children are often disproportionally affected by environmental contamination economically, socially as well as in terms of their health and well-being. DDR practitioners should therefore seek to address the specific needs of women and children in relation to their dependence on natural resources and risks involved. Careful coordination and attention to issues of land access, tenure and the availability of agricultural inputs and access to financing are critical elements for ensuring success and sustainability. Women, and especially unmarried women and women who are not closely associated with a male relative, or those who face stigma or discrimination due to various other circumstances (i.e., sexual violence survivors, single mothers, unmarried women, etc.) are often disadvantaged in regard to access to capital assets as women\u2019s ownership rights are often based on de facto agreements through male community members and traditional gender roles may prevent women and girls from accessing education and capacity building. \\n Contributing to dialogue, reconciliation and confidence building: Natural resources can be a neutral entry point or catalyst for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploring shared interests and broadening cooperation between divided communities as well as within and between states. Such actions should aim to use an inclusive approach that seeks to consider and respond to the needs of the entire population, especially women and youth. Bringing communities together to discuss and resolve common challenges and concerns, such as access to water points and grazing lands, can be a powerful peacebuilding tool and can help to mitigate the risk of further conflict between competing natural resource user groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1424, "Sentence":"Women and children are often disproportionally affected by environmental contamination economically, socially as well as in terms of their health and well-being.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources woman child often disproportionally affected environmental contamination economically socially well term health wellbeing ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"At the outset, there are several key risk factors to consider when looking to leverage natural resources to support DDR processes. Depending on where DDR practitioners are working along the peace continuum, the following are three key areas where risks and opportunities should be considered: \\n Supporting economic recovery: When natural resources are properly governed and carefully managed, \u201chigh-value\u201d resources (such as hydrocarbons, minerals, metals, stones and export timber) can form an important basis for employment creation and budget revenue for development. With close attention to whether a robust framework is in place with respect to land rights, and sub-surface natural resource rights as a pre-cursor, engagement with private sector entities can help to facilitate these types of opportunities, whether for high-value natural resources or agricultural commodities with significant market value such as coffee, cocoa, grains or other soft commodities. The risk, however, is that the pressure to kick-start development and earn foreign exchange can lead to rapid, uncontrolled exploitation of such resources at sub-optimal prices, without due attention to land and sub-surface resource rights, environmental sustainability, employment creation and the equitable distribution of revenues. When the benefits are not shared, or when environmental degradation occurs as a consequence of exploitation, there could be serious potential for conflict to resume. \\n Developing sustainable livelihoods for peace: Sustainable peace fundamentally hinges on the development of sustainable livelihoods, the provision of basic services, and on the recovery and sound management (including equitable distribution of related benefits) of the natural resource base. Environmental damage caused by conflicts, coping strategies and chronic environmental problems (including climate change impacts) that undermine livelihoods must therefore be addressed from the outset. Minimizing vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change through the management of key natural resources and the introduction of appropriate technologies may also be addressed. Women and children are often disproportionally affected by environmental contamination economically, socially as well as in terms of their health and well-being. DDR practitioners should therefore seek to address the specific needs of women and children in relation to their dependence on natural resources and risks involved. Careful coordination and attention to issues of land access, tenure and the availability of agricultural inputs and access to financing are critical elements for ensuring success and sustainability. Women, and especially unmarried women and women who are not closely associated with a male relative, or those who face stigma or discrimination due to various other circumstances (i.e., sexual violence survivors, single mothers, unmarried women, etc.) are often disadvantaged in regard to access to capital assets as women\u2019s ownership rights are often based on de facto agreements through male community members and traditional gender roles may prevent women and girls from accessing education and capacity building. \\n Contributing to dialogue, reconciliation and confidence building: Natural resources can be a neutral entry point or catalyst for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploring shared interests and broadening cooperation between divided communities as well as within and between states. Such actions should aim to use an inclusive approach that seeks to consider and respond to the needs of the entire population, especially women and youth. Bringing communities together to discuss and resolve common challenges and concerns, such as access to water points and grazing lands, can be a powerful peacebuilding tool and can help to mitigate the risk of further conflict between competing natural resource user groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1424, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should therefore seek to address the specific needs of women and children in relation to their dependence on natural resources and risks involved.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner therefore seek address specific need woman child relation dependence natural resource risk involved ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"At the outset, there are several key risk factors to consider when looking to leverage natural resources to support DDR processes. Depending on where DDR practitioners are working along the peace continuum, the following are three key areas where risks and opportunities should be considered: \\n Supporting economic recovery: When natural resources are properly governed and carefully managed, \u201chigh-value\u201d resources (such as hydrocarbons, minerals, metals, stones and export timber) can form an important basis for employment creation and budget revenue for development. With close attention to whether a robust framework is in place with respect to land rights, and sub-surface natural resource rights as a pre-cursor, engagement with private sector entities can help to facilitate these types of opportunities, whether for high-value natural resources or agricultural commodities with significant market value such as coffee, cocoa, grains or other soft commodities. The risk, however, is that the pressure to kick-start development and earn foreign exchange can lead to rapid, uncontrolled exploitation of such resources at sub-optimal prices, without due attention to land and sub-surface resource rights, environmental sustainability, employment creation and the equitable distribution of revenues. When the benefits are not shared, or when environmental degradation occurs as a consequence of exploitation, there could be serious potential for conflict to resume. \\n Developing sustainable livelihoods for peace: Sustainable peace fundamentally hinges on the development of sustainable livelihoods, the provision of basic services, and on the recovery and sound management (including equitable distribution of related benefits) of the natural resource base. Environmental damage caused by conflicts, coping strategies and chronic environmental problems (including climate change impacts) that undermine livelihoods must therefore be addressed from the outset. Minimizing vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change through the management of key natural resources and the introduction of appropriate technologies may also be addressed. Women and children are often disproportionally affected by environmental contamination economically, socially as well as in terms of their health and well-being. DDR practitioners should therefore seek to address the specific needs of women and children in relation to their dependence on natural resources and risks involved. Careful coordination and attention to issues of land access, tenure and the availability of agricultural inputs and access to financing are critical elements for ensuring success and sustainability. Women, and especially unmarried women and women who are not closely associated with a male relative, or those who face stigma or discrimination due to various other circumstances (i.e., sexual violence survivors, single mothers, unmarried women, etc.) are often disadvantaged in regard to access to capital assets as women\u2019s ownership rights are often based on de facto agreements through male community members and traditional gender roles may prevent women and girls from accessing education and capacity building. \\n Contributing to dialogue, reconciliation and confidence building: Natural resources can be a neutral entry point or catalyst for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploring shared interests and broadening cooperation between divided communities as well as within and between states. Such actions should aim to use an inclusive approach that seeks to consider and respond to the needs of the entire population, especially women and youth. Bringing communities together to discuss and resolve common challenges and concerns, such as access to water points and grazing lands, can be a powerful peacebuilding tool and can help to mitigate the risk of further conflict between competing natural resource user groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1424, "Sentence":"Careful coordination and attention to issues of land access, tenure and the availability of agricultural inputs and access to financing are critical elements for ensuring success and sustainability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources careful coordination attention issue land access tenure availability agricultural input access financing critical element ensuring success sustainability ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"At the outset, there are several key risk factors to consider when looking to leverage natural resources to support DDR processes. Depending on where DDR practitioners are working along the peace continuum, the following are three key areas where risks and opportunities should be considered: \\n Supporting economic recovery: When natural resources are properly governed and carefully managed, \u201chigh-value\u201d resources (such as hydrocarbons, minerals, metals, stones and export timber) can form an important basis for employment creation and budget revenue for development. With close attention to whether a robust framework is in place with respect to land rights, and sub-surface natural resource rights as a pre-cursor, engagement with private sector entities can help to facilitate these types of opportunities, whether for high-value natural resources or agricultural commodities with significant market value such as coffee, cocoa, grains or other soft commodities. The risk, however, is that the pressure to kick-start development and earn foreign exchange can lead to rapid, uncontrolled exploitation of such resources at sub-optimal prices, without due attention to land and sub-surface resource rights, environmental sustainability, employment creation and the equitable distribution of revenues. When the benefits are not shared, or when environmental degradation occurs as a consequence of exploitation, there could be serious potential for conflict to resume. \\n Developing sustainable livelihoods for peace: Sustainable peace fundamentally hinges on the development of sustainable livelihoods, the provision of basic services, and on the recovery and sound management (including equitable distribution of related benefits) of the natural resource base. Environmental damage caused by conflicts, coping strategies and chronic environmental problems (including climate change impacts) that undermine livelihoods must therefore be addressed from the outset. Minimizing vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change through the management of key natural resources and the introduction of appropriate technologies may also be addressed. Women and children are often disproportionally affected by environmental contamination economically, socially as well as in terms of their health and well-being. DDR practitioners should therefore seek to address the specific needs of women and children in relation to their dependence on natural resources and risks involved. Careful coordination and attention to issues of land access, tenure and the availability of agricultural inputs and access to financing are critical elements for ensuring success and sustainability. Women, and especially unmarried women and women who are not closely associated with a male relative, or those who face stigma or discrimination due to various other circumstances (i.e., sexual violence survivors, single mothers, unmarried women, etc.) are often disadvantaged in regard to access to capital assets as women\u2019s ownership rights are often based on de facto agreements through male community members and traditional gender roles may prevent women and girls from accessing education and capacity building. \\n Contributing to dialogue, reconciliation and confidence building: Natural resources can be a neutral entry point or catalyst for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploring shared interests and broadening cooperation between divided communities as well as within and between states. Such actions should aim to use an inclusive approach that seeks to consider and respond to the needs of the entire population, especially women and youth. Bringing communities together to discuss and resolve common challenges and concerns, such as access to water points and grazing lands, can be a powerful peacebuilding tool and can help to mitigate the risk of further conflict between competing natural resource user groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1424, "Sentence":"Women, and especially unmarried women and women who are not closely associated with a male relative, or those who face stigma or discrimination due to various other circumstances (i.e., sexual violence survivors, single mothers, unmarried women, etc.)", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources woman especially unmarried woman woman closely associated male relative face stigma discrimination due various circumstance i.e . sexual violence survivor single mother unmarried woman etc ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"At the outset, there are several key risk factors to consider when looking to leverage natural resources to support DDR processes. Depending on where DDR practitioners are working along the peace continuum, the following are three key areas where risks and opportunities should be considered: \\n Supporting economic recovery: When natural resources are properly governed and carefully managed, \u201chigh-value\u201d resources (such as hydrocarbons, minerals, metals, stones and export timber) can form an important basis for employment creation and budget revenue for development. With close attention to whether a robust framework is in place with respect to land rights, and sub-surface natural resource rights as a pre-cursor, engagement with private sector entities can help to facilitate these types of opportunities, whether for high-value natural resources or agricultural commodities with significant market value such as coffee, cocoa, grains or other soft commodities. The risk, however, is that the pressure to kick-start development and earn foreign exchange can lead to rapid, uncontrolled exploitation of such resources at sub-optimal prices, without due attention to land and sub-surface resource rights, environmental sustainability, employment creation and the equitable distribution of revenues. When the benefits are not shared, or when environmental degradation occurs as a consequence of exploitation, there could be serious potential for conflict to resume. \\n Developing sustainable livelihoods for peace: Sustainable peace fundamentally hinges on the development of sustainable livelihoods, the provision of basic services, and on the recovery and sound management (including equitable distribution of related benefits) of the natural resource base. Environmental damage caused by conflicts, coping strategies and chronic environmental problems (including climate change impacts) that undermine livelihoods must therefore be addressed from the outset. Minimizing vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change through the management of key natural resources and the introduction of appropriate technologies may also be addressed. Women and children are often disproportionally affected by environmental contamination economically, socially as well as in terms of their health and well-being. DDR practitioners should therefore seek to address the specific needs of women and children in relation to their dependence on natural resources and risks involved. Careful coordination and attention to issues of land access, tenure and the availability of agricultural inputs and access to financing are critical elements for ensuring success and sustainability. Women, and especially unmarried women and women who are not closely associated with a male relative, or those who face stigma or discrimination due to various other circumstances (i.e., sexual violence survivors, single mothers, unmarried women, etc.) are often disadvantaged in regard to access to capital assets as women\u2019s ownership rights are often based on de facto agreements through male community members and traditional gender roles may prevent women and girls from accessing education and capacity building. \\n Contributing to dialogue, reconciliation and confidence building: Natural resources can be a neutral entry point or catalyst for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploring shared interests and broadening cooperation between divided communities as well as within and between states. Such actions should aim to use an inclusive approach that seeks to consider and respond to the needs of the entire population, especially women and youth. Bringing communities together to discuss and resolve common challenges and concerns, such as access to water points and grazing lands, can be a powerful peacebuilding tool and can help to mitigate the risk of further conflict between competing natural resource user groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1424, "Sentence":"are often disadvantaged in regard to access to capital assets as women\u2019s ownership rights are often based on de facto agreements through male community members and traditional gender roles may prevent women and girls from accessing education and capacity building.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources often disadvantaged regard access capital asset woman \u2019 ownership right often based de facto agreement male community member traditional gender role may prevent woman girl accessing education capacity building ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"At the outset, there are several key risk factors to consider when looking to leverage natural resources to support DDR processes. Depending on where DDR practitioners are working along the peace continuum, the following are three key areas where risks and opportunities should be considered: \\n Supporting economic recovery: When natural resources are properly governed and carefully managed, \u201chigh-value\u201d resources (such as hydrocarbons, minerals, metals, stones and export timber) can form an important basis for employment creation and budget revenue for development. With close attention to whether a robust framework is in place with respect to land rights, and sub-surface natural resource rights as a pre-cursor, engagement with private sector entities can help to facilitate these types of opportunities, whether for high-value natural resources or agricultural commodities with significant market value such as coffee, cocoa, grains or other soft commodities. The risk, however, is that the pressure to kick-start development and earn foreign exchange can lead to rapid, uncontrolled exploitation of such resources at sub-optimal prices, without due attention to land and sub-surface resource rights, environmental sustainability, employment creation and the equitable distribution of revenues. When the benefits are not shared, or when environmental degradation occurs as a consequence of exploitation, there could be serious potential for conflict to resume. \\n Developing sustainable livelihoods for peace: Sustainable peace fundamentally hinges on the development of sustainable livelihoods, the provision of basic services, and on the recovery and sound management (including equitable distribution of related benefits) of the natural resource base. Environmental damage caused by conflicts, coping strategies and chronic environmental problems (including climate change impacts) that undermine livelihoods must therefore be addressed from the outset. Minimizing vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change through the management of key natural resources and the introduction of appropriate technologies may also be addressed. Women and children are often disproportionally affected by environmental contamination economically, socially as well as in terms of their health and well-being. DDR practitioners should therefore seek to address the specific needs of women and children in relation to their dependence on natural resources and risks involved. Careful coordination and attention to issues of land access, tenure and the availability of agricultural inputs and access to financing are critical elements for ensuring success and sustainability. Women, and especially unmarried women and women who are not closely associated with a male relative, or those who face stigma or discrimination due to various other circumstances (i.e., sexual violence survivors, single mothers, unmarried women, etc.) are often disadvantaged in regard to access to capital assets as women\u2019s ownership rights are often based on de facto agreements through male community members and traditional gender roles may prevent women and girls from accessing education and capacity building. \\n Contributing to dialogue, reconciliation and confidence building: Natural resources can be a neutral entry point or catalyst for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploring shared interests and broadening cooperation between divided communities as well as within and between states. Such actions should aim to use an inclusive approach that seeks to consider and respond to the needs of the entire population, especially women and youth. Bringing communities together to discuss and resolve common challenges and concerns, such as access to water points and grazing lands, can be a powerful peacebuilding tool and can help to mitigate the risk of further conflict between competing natural resource user groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1424, "Sentence":"\\n Contributing to dialogue, reconciliation and confidence building: Natural resources can be a neutral entry point or catalyst for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploring shared interests and broadening cooperation between divided communities as well as within and between states.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n contributing dialogue reconciliation confidence building natural resource neutral entry point catalyst enhancing dialogue building confidence exploring shared interest broadening cooperation divided community well within state ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"At the outset, there are several key risk factors to consider when looking to leverage natural resources to support DDR processes. Depending on where DDR practitioners are working along the peace continuum, the following are three key areas where risks and opportunities should be considered: \\n Supporting economic recovery: When natural resources are properly governed and carefully managed, \u201chigh-value\u201d resources (such as hydrocarbons, minerals, metals, stones and export timber) can form an important basis for employment creation and budget revenue for development. With close attention to whether a robust framework is in place with respect to land rights, and sub-surface natural resource rights as a pre-cursor, engagement with private sector entities can help to facilitate these types of opportunities, whether for high-value natural resources or agricultural commodities with significant market value such as coffee, cocoa, grains or other soft commodities. The risk, however, is that the pressure to kick-start development and earn foreign exchange can lead to rapid, uncontrolled exploitation of such resources at sub-optimal prices, without due attention to land and sub-surface resource rights, environmental sustainability, employment creation and the equitable distribution of revenues. When the benefits are not shared, or when environmental degradation occurs as a consequence of exploitation, there could be serious potential for conflict to resume. \\n Developing sustainable livelihoods for peace: Sustainable peace fundamentally hinges on the development of sustainable livelihoods, the provision of basic services, and on the recovery and sound management (including equitable distribution of related benefits) of the natural resource base. Environmental damage caused by conflicts, coping strategies and chronic environmental problems (including climate change impacts) that undermine livelihoods must therefore be addressed from the outset. Minimizing vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change through the management of key natural resources and the introduction of appropriate technologies may also be addressed. Women and children are often disproportionally affected by environmental contamination economically, socially as well as in terms of their health and well-being. DDR practitioners should therefore seek to address the specific needs of women and children in relation to their dependence on natural resources and risks involved. Careful coordination and attention to issues of land access, tenure and the availability of agricultural inputs and access to financing are critical elements for ensuring success and sustainability. Women, and especially unmarried women and women who are not closely associated with a male relative, or those who face stigma or discrimination due to various other circumstances (i.e., sexual violence survivors, single mothers, unmarried women, etc.) are often disadvantaged in regard to access to capital assets as women\u2019s ownership rights are often based on de facto agreements through male community members and traditional gender roles may prevent women and girls from accessing education and capacity building. \\n Contributing to dialogue, reconciliation and confidence building: Natural resources can be a neutral entry point or catalyst for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploring shared interests and broadening cooperation between divided communities as well as within and between states. Such actions should aim to use an inclusive approach that seeks to consider and respond to the needs of the entire population, especially women and youth. Bringing communities together to discuss and resolve common challenges and concerns, such as access to water points and grazing lands, can be a powerful peacebuilding tool and can help to mitigate the risk of further conflict between competing natural resource user groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1424, "Sentence":"Such actions should aim to use an inclusive approach that seeks to consider and respond to the needs of the entire population, especially women and youth.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources action aim use inclusive approach seek consider respond need entire population especially woman youth ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"At the outset, there are several key risk factors to consider when looking to leverage natural resources to support DDR processes. Depending on where DDR practitioners are working along the peace continuum, the following are three key areas where risks and opportunities should be considered: \\n Supporting economic recovery: When natural resources are properly governed and carefully managed, \u201chigh-value\u201d resources (such as hydrocarbons, minerals, metals, stones and export timber) can form an important basis for employment creation and budget revenue for development. With close attention to whether a robust framework is in place with respect to land rights, and sub-surface natural resource rights as a pre-cursor, engagement with private sector entities can help to facilitate these types of opportunities, whether for high-value natural resources or agricultural commodities with significant market value such as coffee, cocoa, grains or other soft commodities. The risk, however, is that the pressure to kick-start development and earn foreign exchange can lead to rapid, uncontrolled exploitation of such resources at sub-optimal prices, without due attention to land and sub-surface resource rights, environmental sustainability, employment creation and the equitable distribution of revenues. When the benefits are not shared, or when environmental degradation occurs as a consequence of exploitation, there could be serious potential for conflict to resume. \\n Developing sustainable livelihoods for peace: Sustainable peace fundamentally hinges on the development of sustainable livelihoods, the provision of basic services, and on the recovery and sound management (including equitable distribution of related benefits) of the natural resource base. Environmental damage caused by conflicts, coping strategies and chronic environmental problems (including climate change impacts) that undermine livelihoods must therefore be addressed from the outset. Minimizing vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change through the management of key natural resources and the introduction of appropriate technologies may also be addressed. Women and children are often disproportionally affected by environmental contamination economically, socially as well as in terms of their health and well-being. DDR practitioners should therefore seek to address the specific needs of women and children in relation to their dependence on natural resources and risks involved. Careful coordination and attention to issues of land access, tenure and the availability of agricultural inputs and access to financing are critical elements for ensuring success and sustainability. Women, and especially unmarried women and women who are not closely associated with a male relative, or those who face stigma or discrimination due to various other circumstances (i.e., sexual violence survivors, single mothers, unmarried women, etc.) are often disadvantaged in regard to access to capital assets as women\u2019s ownership rights are often based on de facto agreements through male community members and traditional gender roles may prevent women and girls from accessing education and capacity building. \\n Contributing to dialogue, reconciliation and confidence building: Natural resources can be a neutral entry point or catalyst for enhancing dialogue, building confidence, exploring shared interests and broadening cooperation between divided communities as well as within and between states. Such actions should aim to use an inclusive approach that seeks to consider and respond to the needs of the entire population, especially women and youth. Bringing communities together to discuss and resolve common challenges and concerns, such as access to water points and grazing lands, can be a powerful peacebuilding tool and can help to mitigate the risk of further conflict between competing natural resource user groups.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1424, "Sentence":"Bringing communities together to discuss and resolve common challenges and concerns, such as access to water points and grazing lands, can be a powerful peacebuilding tool and can help to mitigate the risk of further conflict between competing natural resource user groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources bringing community together discus resolve common challenge concern access water point grazing land powerful peacebuilding tool help mitigate risk conflict competing natural resource user group ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning and preparatory assistance phase, DDR practitioners should clarify the role natural resources may have played in contributing to the causes of conflict, if any, and determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether there are other types of interventions that could be employed. In line with IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments, DDR practitioners should factor the linkage between natural resources and armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, into baseline assessments, programme design and exit strategies. This includes identifying the key natural resources involved in addition to key individuals, armed forces and groups, any known organized criminal groups and\/or Governments who may have used (or continue to use) these particular resources to finance or sustain conflict or undermine peace. The analysis should also consider gender, disability and other intersectional considerations by examining the sex- and age- disaggregated impacts of natural resource conflicts or grievances on female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups.The assessments should seek to achieve two main objectives regarding natural resources and will form the basis for risk management. First, they should determine the role that natural resources have played in contributing to the outbreak of conflict (i.e., through grievances or other factors), how they have been used to finance conflict and how natural resources that are essential for livelihoods may have been degraded or damaged due to the conflict, or become a security factor (especially for women and girls, but also boys and men) at a community level. Secondly, they should seek to anticipate any potential conflicts or relapse into conflict that could occur as a result of unresolved or newly aggravated grievances, competition or disputes over natural resources, continued war economy dynamics, and the risk of former combatants joining ranks with criminal networks to continue exploiting natural resources. This requires working closely with national actors through coordinated interagency processes. Once these elements have been identified, and the potential consequences of such analysis are fully understood, DDR practitioners can seek to explicitly address them.Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should ensure that assessment activities include technical experts on land and natural resources who can successfully incorporate key natural resource issues into DDR processes. These technical experts should also display expertise in recognizing the social, psychological and economic livelihoods issues connected to natural resources to be able to properly inform programme design. The participation of local civil society organizations and groups with knowledge on natural resources will also aid in the formation of a holistic perspective during the assessment phase. In addition, special attention should be given to gathering any relevant information on issues of access to land (both individually owned and communal), water and other natural resources, especially for women and youth.Land governance and tenure issues - including around sub-surface resource rights - are likely to be an issue in almost every context where DDR processes are implemented. DDR practitioners should identify existing efforts and potential partners working on issues of land governance and tenure and use this as a starting point for assessments to identify the risk and opportunities associated with related natural resources. Land governance will underpin all other natural resource sectors and should be a key element of any assessment carried out when planning DDR. While DDR processes cannot directly overcome challenges related to land governance issues, DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk and opportunities that current land governance issues present and do their best to mitigate these through planning and implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1425, "Sentence":"During the pre-planning and preparatory assistance phase, DDR practitioners should clarify the role natural resources may have played in contributing to the causes of conflict, if any, and determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether there are other types of interventions that could be employed.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources preplanning preparatory assistance phase ddr practitioner clarify role natural resource may played contributing cause conflict determine whether ddr appropriate response whether type intervention could employed ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning and preparatory assistance phase, DDR practitioners should clarify the role natural resources may have played in contributing to the causes of conflict, if any, and determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether there are other types of interventions that could be employed. In line with IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments, DDR practitioners should factor the linkage between natural resources and armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, into baseline assessments, programme design and exit strategies. This includes identifying the key natural resources involved in addition to key individuals, armed forces and groups, any known organized criminal groups and\/or Governments who may have used (or continue to use) these particular resources to finance or sustain conflict or undermine peace. The analysis should also consider gender, disability and other intersectional considerations by examining the sex- and age- disaggregated impacts of natural resource conflicts or grievances on female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups.The assessments should seek to achieve two main objectives regarding natural resources and will form the basis for risk management. First, they should determine the role that natural resources have played in contributing to the outbreak of conflict (i.e., through grievances or other factors), how they have been used to finance conflict and how natural resources that are essential for livelihoods may have been degraded or damaged due to the conflict, or become a security factor (especially for women and girls, but also boys and men) at a community level. Secondly, they should seek to anticipate any potential conflicts or relapse into conflict that could occur as a result of unresolved or newly aggravated grievances, competition or disputes over natural resources, continued war economy dynamics, and the risk of former combatants joining ranks with criminal networks to continue exploiting natural resources. This requires working closely with national actors through coordinated interagency processes. Once these elements have been identified, and the potential consequences of such analysis are fully understood, DDR practitioners can seek to explicitly address them.Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should ensure that assessment activities include technical experts on land and natural resources who can successfully incorporate key natural resource issues into DDR processes. These technical experts should also display expertise in recognizing the social, psychological and economic livelihoods issues connected to natural resources to be able to properly inform programme design. The participation of local civil society organizations and groups with knowledge on natural resources will also aid in the formation of a holistic perspective during the assessment phase. In addition, special attention should be given to gathering any relevant information on issues of access to land (both individually owned and communal), water and other natural resources, especially for women and youth.Land governance and tenure issues - including around sub-surface resource rights - are likely to be an issue in almost every context where DDR processes are implemented. DDR practitioners should identify existing efforts and potential partners working on issues of land governance and tenure and use this as a starting point for assessments to identify the risk and opportunities associated with related natural resources. Land governance will underpin all other natural resource sectors and should be a key element of any assessment carried out when planning DDR. While DDR processes cannot directly overcome challenges related to land governance issues, DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk and opportunities that current land governance issues present and do their best to mitigate these through planning and implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1425, "Sentence":"In line with IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments, DDR practitioners should factor the linkage between natural resources and armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, into baseline assessments, programme design and exit strategies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources line iddrs 3.11 integrated assessment ddr practitioner factor linkage natural resource armed force group well organized criminal group baseline assessment programme design exit strategy ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning and preparatory assistance phase, DDR practitioners should clarify the role natural resources may have played in contributing to the causes of conflict, if any, and determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether there are other types of interventions that could be employed. In line with IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments, DDR practitioners should factor the linkage between natural resources and armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, into baseline assessments, programme design and exit strategies. This includes identifying the key natural resources involved in addition to key individuals, armed forces and groups, any known organized criminal groups and\/or Governments who may have used (or continue to use) these particular resources to finance or sustain conflict or undermine peace. The analysis should also consider gender, disability and other intersectional considerations by examining the sex- and age- disaggregated impacts of natural resource conflicts or grievances on female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups.The assessments should seek to achieve two main objectives regarding natural resources and will form the basis for risk management. First, they should determine the role that natural resources have played in contributing to the outbreak of conflict (i.e., through grievances or other factors), how they have been used to finance conflict and how natural resources that are essential for livelihoods may have been degraded or damaged due to the conflict, or become a security factor (especially for women and girls, but also boys and men) at a community level. Secondly, they should seek to anticipate any potential conflicts or relapse into conflict that could occur as a result of unresolved or newly aggravated grievances, competition or disputes over natural resources, continued war economy dynamics, and the risk of former combatants joining ranks with criminal networks to continue exploiting natural resources. This requires working closely with national actors through coordinated interagency processes. Once these elements have been identified, and the potential consequences of such analysis are fully understood, DDR practitioners can seek to explicitly address them.Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should ensure that assessment activities include technical experts on land and natural resources who can successfully incorporate key natural resource issues into DDR processes. These technical experts should also display expertise in recognizing the social, psychological and economic livelihoods issues connected to natural resources to be able to properly inform programme design. The participation of local civil society organizations and groups with knowledge on natural resources will also aid in the formation of a holistic perspective during the assessment phase. In addition, special attention should be given to gathering any relevant information on issues of access to land (both individually owned and communal), water and other natural resources, especially for women and youth.Land governance and tenure issues - including around sub-surface resource rights - are likely to be an issue in almost every context where DDR processes are implemented. DDR practitioners should identify existing efforts and potential partners working on issues of land governance and tenure and use this as a starting point for assessments to identify the risk and opportunities associated with related natural resources. Land governance will underpin all other natural resource sectors and should be a key element of any assessment carried out when planning DDR. While DDR processes cannot directly overcome challenges related to land governance issues, DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk and opportunities that current land governance issues present and do their best to mitigate these through planning and implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1425, "Sentence":"This includes identifying the key natural resources involved in addition to key individuals, armed forces and groups, any known organized criminal groups and\/or Governments who may have used (or continue to use) these particular resources to finance or sustain conflict or undermine peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources includes identifying key natural resource involved addition key individual armed force group known organized criminal group and\/or government may used continue use particular resource finance sustain conflict undermine peace ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning and preparatory assistance phase, DDR practitioners should clarify the role natural resources may have played in contributing to the causes of conflict, if any, and determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether there are other types of interventions that could be employed. In line with IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments, DDR practitioners should factor the linkage between natural resources and armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, into baseline assessments, programme design and exit strategies. This includes identifying the key natural resources involved in addition to key individuals, armed forces and groups, any known organized criminal groups and\/or Governments who may have used (or continue to use) these particular resources to finance or sustain conflict or undermine peace. The analysis should also consider gender, disability and other intersectional considerations by examining the sex- and age- disaggregated impacts of natural resource conflicts or grievances on female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups.The assessments should seek to achieve two main objectives regarding natural resources and will form the basis for risk management. First, they should determine the role that natural resources have played in contributing to the outbreak of conflict (i.e., through grievances or other factors), how they have been used to finance conflict and how natural resources that are essential for livelihoods may have been degraded or damaged due to the conflict, or become a security factor (especially for women and girls, but also boys and men) at a community level. Secondly, they should seek to anticipate any potential conflicts or relapse into conflict that could occur as a result of unresolved or newly aggravated grievances, competition or disputes over natural resources, continued war economy dynamics, and the risk of former combatants joining ranks with criminal networks to continue exploiting natural resources. This requires working closely with national actors through coordinated interagency processes. Once these elements have been identified, and the potential consequences of such analysis are fully understood, DDR practitioners can seek to explicitly address them.Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should ensure that assessment activities include technical experts on land and natural resources who can successfully incorporate key natural resource issues into DDR processes. These technical experts should also display expertise in recognizing the social, psychological and economic livelihoods issues connected to natural resources to be able to properly inform programme design. The participation of local civil society organizations and groups with knowledge on natural resources will also aid in the formation of a holistic perspective during the assessment phase. In addition, special attention should be given to gathering any relevant information on issues of access to land (both individually owned and communal), water and other natural resources, especially for women and youth.Land governance and tenure issues - including around sub-surface resource rights - are likely to be an issue in almost every context where DDR processes are implemented. DDR practitioners should identify existing efforts and potential partners working on issues of land governance and tenure and use this as a starting point for assessments to identify the risk and opportunities associated with related natural resources. Land governance will underpin all other natural resource sectors and should be a key element of any assessment carried out when planning DDR. While DDR processes cannot directly overcome challenges related to land governance issues, DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk and opportunities that current land governance issues present and do their best to mitigate these through planning and implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1425, "Sentence":"The analysis should also consider gender, disability and other intersectional considerations by examining the sex- and age- disaggregated impacts of natural resource conflicts or grievances on female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups.The assessments should seek to achieve two main objectives regarding natural resources and will form the basis for risk management.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources analysis also consider gender disability intersectional consideration examining sex age disaggregated impact natural resource conflict grievance female excombatants woman associated armed force groups.the assessment seek achieve two main objective regarding natural resource form basis risk management ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning and preparatory assistance phase, DDR practitioners should clarify the role natural resources may have played in contributing to the causes of conflict, if any, and determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether there are other types of interventions that could be employed. In line with IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments, DDR practitioners should factor the linkage between natural resources and armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, into baseline assessments, programme design and exit strategies. This includes identifying the key natural resources involved in addition to key individuals, armed forces and groups, any known organized criminal groups and\/or Governments who may have used (or continue to use) these particular resources to finance or sustain conflict or undermine peace. The analysis should also consider gender, disability and other intersectional considerations by examining the sex- and age- disaggregated impacts of natural resource conflicts or grievances on female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups.The assessments should seek to achieve two main objectives regarding natural resources and will form the basis for risk management. First, they should determine the role that natural resources have played in contributing to the outbreak of conflict (i.e., through grievances or other factors), how they have been used to finance conflict and how natural resources that are essential for livelihoods may have been degraded or damaged due to the conflict, or become a security factor (especially for women and girls, but also boys and men) at a community level. Secondly, they should seek to anticipate any potential conflicts or relapse into conflict that could occur as a result of unresolved or newly aggravated grievances, competition or disputes over natural resources, continued war economy dynamics, and the risk of former combatants joining ranks with criminal networks to continue exploiting natural resources. This requires working closely with national actors through coordinated interagency processes. Once these elements have been identified, and the potential consequences of such analysis are fully understood, DDR practitioners can seek to explicitly address them.Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should ensure that assessment activities include technical experts on land and natural resources who can successfully incorporate key natural resource issues into DDR processes. These technical experts should also display expertise in recognizing the social, psychological and economic livelihoods issues connected to natural resources to be able to properly inform programme design. The participation of local civil society organizations and groups with knowledge on natural resources will also aid in the formation of a holistic perspective during the assessment phase. In addition, special attention should be given to gathering any relevant information on issues of access to land (both individually owned and communal), water and other natural resources, especially for women and youth.Land governance and tenure issues - including around sub-surface resource rights - are likely to be an issue in almost every context where DDR processes are implemented. DDR practitioners should identify existing efforts and potential partners working on issues of land governance and tenure and use this as a starting point for assessments to identify the risk and opportunities associated with related natural resources. Land governance will underpin all other natural resource sectors and should be a key element of any assessment carried out when planning DDR. While DDR processes cannot directly overcome challenges related to land governance issues, DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk and opportunities that current land governance issues present and do their best to mitigate these through planning and implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1425, "Sentence":"First, they should determine the role that natural resources have played in contributing to the outbreak of conflict (i.e., through grievances or other factors), how they have been used to finance conflict and how natural resources that are essential for livelihoods may have been degraded or damaged due to the conflict, or become a security factor (especially for women and girls, but also boys and men) at a community level.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources first determine role natural resource played contributing outbreak conflict i.e . grievance factor used finance conflict natural resource essential livelihood may degraded damaged due conflict become security factor especially woman girl also boy men community level ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning and preparatory assistance phase, DDR practitioners should clarify the role natural resources may have played in contributing to the causes of conflict, if any, and determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether there are other types of interventions that could be employed. In line with IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments, DDR practitioners should factor the linkage between natural resources and armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, into baseline assessments, programme design and exit strategies. This includes identifying the key natural resources involved in addition to key individuals, armed forces and groups, any known organized criminal groups and\/or Governments who may have used (or continue to use) these particular resources to finance or sustain conflict or undermine peace. The analysis should also consider gender, disability and other intersectional considerations by examining the sex- and age- disaggregated impacts of natural resource conflicts or grievances on female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups.The assessments should seek to achieve two main objectives regarding natural resources and will form the basis for risk management. First, they should determine the role that natural resources have played in contributing to the outbreak of conflict (i.e., through grievances or other factors), how they have been used to finance conflict and how natural resources that are essential for livelihoods may have been degraded or damaged due to the conflict, or become a security factor (especially for women and girls, but also boys and men) at a community level. Secondly, they should seek to anticipate any potential conflicts or relapse into conflict that could occur as a result of unresolved or newly aggravated grievances, competition or disputes over natural resources, continued war economy dynamics, and the risk of former combatants joining ranks with criminal networks to continue exploiting natural resources. This requires working closely with national actors through coordinated interagency processes. Once these elements have been identified, and the potential consequences of such analysis are fully understood, DDR practitioners can seek to explicitly address them.Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should ensure that assessment activities include technical experts on land and natural resources who can successfully incorporate key natural resource issues into DDR processes. These technical experts should also display expertise in recognizing the social, psychological and economic livelihoods issues connected to natural resources to be able to properly inform programme design. The participation of local civil society organizations and groups with knowledge on natural resources will also aid in the formation of a holistic perspective during the assessment phase. In addition, special attention should be given to gathering any relevant information on issues of access to land (both individually owned and communal), water and other natural resources, especially for women and youth.Land governance and tenure issues - including around sub-surface resource rights - are likely to be an issue in almost every context where DDR processes are implemented. DDR practitioners should identify existing efforts and potential partners working on issues of land governance and tenure and use this as a starting point for assessments to identify the risk and opportunities associated with related natural resources. Land governance will underpin all other natural resource sectors and should be a key element of any assessment carried out when planning DDR. While DDR processes cannot directly overcome challenges related to land governance issues, DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk and opportunities that current land governance issues present and do their best to mitigate these through planning and implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1425, "Sentence":"Secondly, they should seek to anticipate any potential conflicts or relapse into conflict that could occur as a result of unresolved or newly aggravated grievances, competition or disputes over natural resources, continued war economy dynamics, and the risk of former combatants joining ranks with criminal networks to continue exploiting natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources secondly seek anticipate potential conflict relapse conflict could occur result unresolved newly aggravated grievance competition dispute natural resource continued war economy dynamic risk former combatant joining rank criminal network continue exploiting natural resource ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning and preparatory assistance phase, DDR practitioners should clarify the role natural resources may have played in contributing to the causes of conflict, if any, and determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether there are other types of interventions that could be employed. In line with IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments, DDR practitioners should factor the linkage between natural resources and armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, into baseline assessments, programme design and exit strategies. This includes identifying the key natural resources involved in addition to key individuals, armed forces and groups, any known organized criminal groups and\/or Governments who may have used (or continue to use) these particular resources to finance or sustain conflict or undermine peace. The analysis should also consider gender, disability and other intersectional considerations by examining the sex- and age- disaggregated impacts of natural resource conflicts or grievances on female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups.The assessments should seek to achieve two main objectives regarding natural resources and will form the basis for risk management. First, they should determine the role that natural resources have played in contributing to the outbreak of conflict (i.e., through grievances or other factors), how they have been used to finance conflict and how natural resources that are essential for livelihoods may have been degraded or damaged due to the conflict, or become a security factor (especially for women and girls, but also boys and men) at a community level. Secondly, they should seek to anticipate any potential conflicts or relapse into conflict that could occur as a result of unresolved or newly aggravated grievances, competition or disputes over natural resources, continued war economy dynamics, and the risk of former combatants joining ranks with criminal networks to continue exploiting natural resources. This requires working closely with national actors through coordinated interagency processes. Once these elements have been identified, and the potential consequences of such analysis are fully understood, DDR practitioners can seek to explicitly address them.Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should ensure that assessment activities include technical experts on land and natural resources who can successfully incorporate key natural resource issues into DDR processes. These technical experts should also display expertise in recognizing the social, psychological and economic livelihoods issues connected to natural resources to be able to properly inform programme design. The participation of local civil society organizations and groups with knowledge on natural resources will also aid in the formation of a holistic perspective during the assessment phase. In addition, special attention should be given to gathering any relevant information on issues of access to land (both individually owned and communal), water and other natural resources, especially for women and youth.Land governance and tenure issues - including around sub-surface resource rights - are likely to be an issue in almost every context where DDR processes are implemented. DDR practitioners should identify existing efforts and potential partners working on issues of land governance and tenure and use this as a starting point for assessments to identify the risk and opportunities associated with related natural resources. Land governance will underpin all other natural resource sectors and should be a key element of any assessment carried out when planning DDR. While DDR processes cannot directly overcome challenges related to land governance issues, DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk and opportunities that current land governance issues present and do their best to mitigate these through planning and implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1425, "Sentence":"This requires working closely with national actors through coordinated interagency processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources requires working closely national actor coordinated interagency process ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning and preparatory assistance phase, DDR practitioners should clarify the role natural resources may have played in contributing to the causes of conflict, if any, and determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether there are other types of interventions that could be employed. In line with IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments, DDR practitioners should factor the linkage between natural resources and armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, into baseline assessments, programme design and exit strategies. This includes identifying the key natural resources involved in addition to key individuals, armed forces and groups, any known organized criminal groups and\/or Governments who may have used (or continue to use) these particular resources to finance or sustain conflict or undermine peace. The analysis should also consider gender, disability and other intersectional considerations by examining the sex- and age- disaggregated impacts of natural resource conflicts or grievances on female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups.The assessments should seek to achieve two main objectives regarding natural resources and will form the basis for risk management. First, they should determine the role that natural resources have played in contributing to the outbreak of conflict (i.e., through grievances or other factors), how they have been used to finance conflict and how natural resources that are essential for livelihoods may have been degraded or damaged due to the conflict, or become a security factor (especially for women and girls, but also boys and men) at a community level. Secondly, they should seek to anticipate any potential conflicts or relapse into conflict that could occur as a result of unresolved or newly aggravated grievances, competition or disputes over natural resources, continued war economy dynamics, and the risk of former combatants joining ranks with criminal networks to continue exploiting natural resources. This requires working closely with national actors through coordinated interagency processes. Once these elements have been identified, and the potential consequences of such analysis are fully understood, DDR practitioners can seek to explicitly address them.Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should ensure that assessment activities include technical experts on land and natural resources who can successfully incorporate key natural resource issues into DDR processes. These technical experts should also display expertise in recognizing the social, psychological and economic livelihoods issues connected to natural resources to be able to properly inform programme design. The participation of local civil society organizations and groups with knowledge on natural resources will also aid in the formation of a holistic perspective during the assessment phase. In addition, special attention should be given to gathering any relevant information on issues of access to land (both individually owned and communal), water and other natural resources, especially for women and youth.Land governance and tenure issues - including around sub-surface resource rights - are likely to be an issue in almost every context where DDR processes are implemented. DDR practitioners should identify existing efforts and potential partners working on issues of land governance and tenure and use this as a starting point for assessments to identify the risk and opportunities associated with related natural resources. Land governance will underpin all other natural resource sectors and should be a key element of any assessment carried out when planning DDR. While DDR processes cannot directly overcome challenges related to land governance issues, DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk and opportunities that current land governance issues present and do their best to mitigate these through planning and implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1425, "Sentence":"Once these elements have been identified, and the potential consequences of such analysis are fully understood, DDR practitioners can seek to explicitly address them.Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should ensure that assessment activities include technical experts on land and natural resources who can successfully incorporate key natural resource issues into DDR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources element identified potential consequence analysis fully understood ddr practitioner seek explicitly address them.where appropriate ddr practitioner ensure assessment activity include technical expert land natural resource successfully incorporate key natural resource issue ddr process ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning and preparatory assistance phase, DDR practitioners should clarify the role natural resources may have played in contributing to the causes of conflict, if any, and determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether there are other types of interventions that could be employed. In line with IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments, DDR practitioners should factor the linkage between natural resources and armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, into baseline assessments, programme design and exit strategies. This includes identifying the key natural resources involved in addition to key individuals, armed forces and groups, any known organized criminal groups and\/or Governments who may have used (or continue to use) these particular resources to finance or sustain conflict or undermine peace. The analysis should also consider gender, disability and other intersectional considerations by examining the sex- and age- disaggregated impacts of natural resource conflicts or grievances on female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups.The assessments should seek to achieve two main objectives regarding natural resources and will form the basis for risk management. First, they should determine the role that natural resources have played in contributing to the outbreak of conflict (i.e., through grievances or other factors), how they have been used to finance conflict and how natural resources that are essential for livelihoods may have been degraded or damaged due to the conflict, or become a security factor (especially for women and girls, but also boys and men) at a community level. Secondly, they should seek to anticipate any potential conflicts or relapse into conflict that could occur as a result of unresolved or newly aggravated grievances, competition or disputes over natural resources, continued war economy dynamics, and the risk of former combatants joining ranks with criminal networks to continue exploiting natural resources. This requires working closely with national actors through coordinated interagency processes. Once these elements have been identified, and the potential consequences of such analysis are fully understood, DDR practitioners can seek to explicitly address them.Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should ensure that assessment activities include technical experts on land and natural resources who can successfully incorporate key natural resource issues into DDR processes. These technical experts should also display expertise in recognizing the social, psychological and economic livelihoods issues connected to natural resources to be able to properly inform programme design. The participation of local civil society organizations and groups with knowledge on natural resources will also aid in the formation of a holistic perspective during the assessment phase. In addition, special attention should be given to gathering any relevant information on issues of access to land (both individually owned and communal), water and other natural resources, especially for women and youth.Land governance and tenure issues - including around sub-surface resource rights - are likely to be an issue in almost every context where DDR processes are implemented. DDR practitioners should identify existing efforts and potential partners working on issues of land governance and tenure and use this as a starting point for assessments to identify the risk and opportunities associated with related natural resources. Land governance will underpin all other natural resource sectors and should be a key element of any assessment carried out when planning DDR. While DDR processes cannot directly overcome challenges related to land governance issues, DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk and opportunities that current land governance issues present and do their best to mitigate these through planning and implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1425, "Sentence":"These technical experts should also display expertise in recognizing the social, psychological and economic livelihoods issues connected to natural resources to be able to properly inform programme design.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources technical expert also display expertise recognizing social psychological economic livelihood issue connected natural resource able properly inform programme design ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning and preparatory assistance phase, DDR practitioners should clarify the role natural resources may have played in contributing to the causes of conflict, if any, and determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether there are other types of interventions that could be employed. In line with IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments, DDR practitioners should factor the linkage between natural resources and armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, into baseline assessments, programme design and exit strategies. This includes identifying the key natural resources involved in addition to key individuals, armed forces and groups, any known organized criminal groups and\/or Governments who may have used (or continue to use) these particular resources to finance or sustain conflict or undermine peace. The analysis should also consider gender, disability and other intersectional considerations by examining the sex- and age- disaggregated impacts of natural resource conflicts or grievances on female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups.The assessments should seek to achieve two main objectives regarding natural resources and will form the basis for risk management. First, they should determine the role that natural resources have played in contributing to the outbreak of conflict (i.e., through grievances or other factors), how they have been used to finance conflict and how natural resources that are essential for livelihoods may have been degraded or damaged due to the conflict, or become a security factor (especially for women and girls, but also boys and men) at a community level. Secondly, they should seek to anticipate any potential conflicts or relapse into conflict that could occur as a result of unresolved or newly aggravated grievances, competition or disputes over natural resources, continued war economy dynamics, and the risk of former combatants joining ranks with criminal networks to continue exploiting natural resources. This requires working closely with national actors through coordinated interagency processes. Once these elements have been identified, and the potential consequences of such analysis are fully understood, DDR practitioners can seek to explicitly address them.Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should ensure that assessment activities include technical experts on land and natural resources who can successfully incorporate key natural resource issues into DDR processes. These technical experts should also display expertise in recognizing the social, psychological and economic livelihoods issues connected to natural resources to be able to properly inform programme design. The participation of local civil society organizations and groups with knowledge on natural resources will also aid in the formation of a holistic perspective during the assessment phase. In addition, special attention should be given to gathering any relevant information on issues of access to land (both individually owned and communal), water and other natural resources, especially for women and youth.Land governance and tenure issues - including around sub-surface resource rights - are likely to be an issue in almost every context where DDR processes are implemented. DDR practitioners should identify existing efforts and potential partners working on issues of land governance and tenure and use this as a starting point for assessments to identify the risk and opportunities associated with related natural resources. Land governance will underpin all other natural resource sectors and should be a key element of any assessment carried out when planning DDR. While DDR processes cannot directly overcome challenges related to land governance issues, DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk and opportunities that current land governance issues present and do their best to mitigate these through planning and implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1425, "Sentence":"The participation of local civil society organizations and groups with knowledge on natural resources will also aid in the formation of a holistic perspective during the assessment phase.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources participation local civil society organization group knowledge natural resource also aid formation holistic perspective assessment phase ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning and preparatory assistance phase, DDR practitioners should clarify the role natural resources may have played in contributing to the causes of conflict, if any, and determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether there are other types of interventions that could be employed. In line with IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments, DDR practitioners should factor the linkage between natural resources and armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, into baseline assessments, programme design and exit strategies. This includes identifying the key natural resources involved in addition to key individuals, armed forces and groups, any known organized criminal groups and\/or Governments who may have used (or continue to use) these particular resources to finance or sustain conflict or undermine peace. The analysis should also consider gender, disability and other intersectional considerations by examining the sex- and age- disaggregated impacts of natural resource conflicts or grievances on female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups.The assessments should seek to achieve two main objectives regarding natural resources and will form the basis for risk management. First, they should determine the role that natural resources have played in contributing to the outbreak of conflict (i.e., through grievances or other factors), how they have been used to finance conflict and how natural resources that are essential for livelihoods may have been degraded or damaged due to the conflict, or become a security factor (especially for women and girls, but also boys and men) at a community level. Secondly, they should seek to anticipate any potential conflicts or relapse into conflict that could occur as a result of unresolved or newly aggravated grievances, competition or disputes over natural resources, continued war economy dynamics, and the risk of former combatants joining ranks with criminal networks to continue exploiting natural resources. This requires working closely with national actors through coordinated interagency processes. Once these elements have been identified, and the potential consequences of such analysis are fully understood, DDR practitioners can seek to explicitly address them.Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should ensure that assessment activities include technical experts on land and natural resources who can successfully incorporate key natural resource issues into DDR processes. These technical experts should also display expertise in recognizing the social, psychological and economic livelihoods issues connected to natural resources to be able to properly inform programme design. The participation of local civil society organizations and groups with knowledge on natural resources will also aid in the formation of a holistic perspective during the assessment phase. In addition, special attention should be given to gathering any relevant information on issues of access to land (both individually owned and communal), water and other natural resources, especially for women and youth.Land governance and tenure issues - including around sub-surface resource rights - are likely to be an issue in almost every context where DDR processes are implemented. DDR practitioners should identify existing efforts and potential partners working on issues of land governance and tenure and use this as a starting point for assessments to identify the risk and opportunities associated with related natural resources. Land governance will underpin all other natural resource sectors and should be a key element of any assessment carried out when planning DDR. While DDR processes cannot directly overcome challenges related to land governance issues, DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk and opportunities that current land governance issues present and do their best to mitigate these through planning and implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1425, "Sentence":"In addition, special attention should be given to gathering any relevant information on issues of access to land (both individually owned and communal), water and other natural resources, especially for women and youth.Land governance and tenure issues - including around sub-surface resource rights - are likely to be an issue in almost every context where DDR processes are implemented.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources addition special attention given gathering relevant information issue access land individually owned communal water natural resource especially woman youth.land governance tenure issue including around subsurface resource right likely issue almost every context ddr process implemented ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning and preparatory assistance phase, DDR practitioners should clarify the role natural resources may have played in contributing to the causes of conflict, if any, and determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether there are other types of interventions that could be employed. In line with IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments, DDR practitioners should factor the linkage between natural resources and armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, into baseline assessments, programme design and exit strategies. This includes identifying the key natural resources involved in addition to key individuals, armed forces and groups, any known organized criminal groups and\/or Governments who may have used (or continue to use) these particular resources to finance or sustain conflict or undermine peace. The analysis should also consider gender, disability and other intersectional considerations by examining the sex- and age- disaggregated impacts of natural resource conflicts or grievances on female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups.The assessments should seek to achieve two main objectives regarding natural resources and will form the basis for risk management. First, they should determine the role that natural resources have played in contributing to the outbreak of conflict (i.e., through grievances or other factors), how they have been used to finance conflict and how natural resources that are essential for livelihoods may have been degraded or damaged due to the conflict, or become a security factor (especially for women and girls, but also boys and men) at a community level. Secondly, they should seek to anticipate any potential conflicts or relapse into conflict that could occur as a result of unresolved or newly aggravated grievances, competition or disputes over natural resources, continued war economy dynamics, and the risk of former combatants joining ranks with criminal networks to continue exploiting natural resources. This requires working closely with national actors through coordinated interagency processes. Once these elements have been identified, and the potential consequences of such analysis are fully understood, DDR practitioners can seek to explicitly address them.Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should ensure that assessment activities include technical experts on land and natural resources who can successfully incorporate key natural resource issues into DDR processes. These technical experts should also display expertise in recognizing the social, psychological and economic livelihoods issues connected to natural resources to be able to properly inform programme design. The participation of local civil society organizations and groups with knowledge on natural resources will also aid in the formation of a holistic perspective during the assessment phase. In addition, special attention should be given to gathering any relevant information on issues of access to land (both individually owned and communal), water and other natural resources, especially for women and youth.Land governance and tenure issues - including around sub-surface resource rights - are likely to be an issue in almost every context where DDR processes are implemented. DDR practitioners should identify existing efforts and potential partners working on issues of land governance and tenure and use this as a starting point for assessments to identify the risk and opportunities associated with related natural resources. Land governance will underpin all other natural resource sectors and should be a key element of any assessment carried out when planning DDR. While DDR processes cannot directly overcome challenges related to land governance issues, DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk and opportunities that current land governance issues present and do their best to mitigate these through planning and implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1425, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should identify existing efforts and potential partners working on issues of land governance and tenure and use this as a starting point for assessments to identify the risk and opportunities associated with related natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner identify existing effort potential partner working issue land governance tenure use starting point assessment identify risk opportunity associated related natural resource ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning and preparatory assistance phase, DDR practitioners should clarify the role natural resources may have played in contributing to the causes of conflict, if any, and determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether there are other types of interventions that could be employed. In line with IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments, DDR practitioners should factor the linkage between natural resources and armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, into baseline assessments, programme design and exit strategies. This includes identifying the key natural resources involved in addition to key individuals, armed forces and groups, any known organized criminal groups and\/or Governments who may have used (or continue to use) these particular resources to finance or sustain conflict or undermine peace. The analysis should also consider gender, disability and other intersectional considerations by examining the sex- and age- disaggregated impacts of natural resource conflicts or grievances on female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups.The assessments should seek to achieve two main objectives regarding natural resources and will form the basis for risk management. First, they should determine the role that natural resources have played in contributing to the outbreak of conflict (i.e., through grievances or other factors), how they have been used to finance conflict and how natural resources that are essential for livelihoods may have been degraded or damaged due to the conflict, or become a security factor (especially for women and girls, but also boys and men) at a community level. Secondly, they should seek to anticipate any potential conflicts or relapse into conflict that could occur as a result of unresolved or newly aggravated grievances, competition or disputes over natural resources, continued war economy dynamics, and the risk of former combatants joining ranks with criminal networks to continue exploiting natural resources. This requires working closely with national actors through coordinated interagency processes. Once these elements have been identified, and the potential consequences of such analysis are fully understood, DDR practitioners can seek to explicitly address them.Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should ensure that assessment activities include technical experts on land and natural resources who can successfully incorporate key natural resource issues into DDR processes. These technical experts should also display expertise in recognizing the social, psychological and economic livelihoods issues connected to natural resources to be able to properly inform programme design. The participation of local civil society organizations and groups with knowledge on natural resources will also aid in the formation of a holistic perspective during the assessment phase. In addition, special attention should be given to gathering any relevant information on issues of access to land (both individually owned and communal), water and other natural resources, especially for women and youth.Land governance and tenure issues - including around sub-surface resource rights - are likely to be an issue in almost every context where DDR processes are implemented. DDR practitioners should identify existing efforts and potential partners working on issues of land governance and tenure and use this as a starting point for assessments to identify the risk and opportunities associated with related natural resources. Land governance will underpin all other natural resource sectors and should be a key element of any assessment carried out when planning DDR. While DDR processes cannot directly overcome challenges related to land governance issues, DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk and opportunities that current land governance issues present and do their best to mitigate these through planning and implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1425, "Sentence":"Land governance will underpin all other natural resource sectors and should be a key element of any assessment carried out when planning DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources land governance underpin natural resource sector key element assessment carried planning ddr ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"During the pre-planning and preparatory assistance phase, DDR practitioners should clarify the role natural resources may have played in contributing to the causes of conflict, if any, and determine whether DDR is an appropriate response or whether there are other types of interventions that could be employed. In line with IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments, DDR practitioners should factor the linkage between natural resources and armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, into baseline assessments, programme design and exit strategies. This includes identifying the key natural resources involved in addition to key individuals, armed forces and groups, any known organized criminal groups and\/or Governments who may have used (or continue to use) these particular resources to finance or sustain conflict or undermine peace. The analysis should also consider gender, disability and other intersectional considerations by examining the sex- and age- disaggregated impacts of natural resource conflicts or grievances on female ex-combatants and women associated with armed forces and groups.The assessments should seek to achieve two main objectives regarding natural resources and will form the basis for risk management. First, they should determine the role that natural resources have played in contributing to the outbreak of conflict (i.e., through grievances or other factors), how they have been used to finance conflict and how natural resources that are essential for livelihoods may have been degraded or damaged due to the conflict, or become a security factor (especially for women and girls, but also boys and men) at a community level. Secondly, they should seek to anticipate any potential conflicts or relapse into conflict that could occur as a result of unresolved or newly aggravated grievances, competition or disputes over natural resources, continued war economy dynamics, and the risk of former combatants joining ranks with criminal networks to continue exploiting natural resources. This requires working closely with national actors through coordinated interagency processes. Once these elements have been identified, and the potential consequences of such analysis are fully understood, DDR practitioners can seek to explicitly address them.Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should ensure that assessment activities include technical experts on land and natural resources who can successfully incorporate key natural resource issues into DDR processes. These technical experts should also display expertise in recognizing the social, psychological and economic livelihoods issues connected to natural resources to be able to properly inform programme design. The participation of local civil society organizations and groups with knowledge on natural resources will also aid in the formation of a holistic perspective during the assessment phase. In addition, special attention should be given to gathering any relevant information on issues of access to land (both individually owned and communal), water and other natural resources, especially for women and youth.Land governance and tenure issues - including around sub-surface resource rights - are likely to be an issue in almost every context where DDR processes are implemented. DDR practitioners should identify existing efforts and potential partners working on issues of land governance and tenure and use this as a starting point for assessments to identify the risk and opportunities associated with related natural resources. Land governance will underpin all other natural resource sectors and should be a key element of any assessment carried out when planning DDR. While DDR processes cannot directly overcome challenges related to land governance issues, DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk and opportunities that current land governance issues present and do their best to mitigate these through planning and implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1425, "Sentence":"While DDR processes cannot directly overcome challenges related to land governance issues, DDR practitioners should be aware of the risk and opportunities that current land governance issues present and do their best to mitigate these through planning and implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr process directly overcome challenge related land governance issue ddr practitioner aware risk opportunity current land governance issue present best mitigate planning implementation ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources order determine natural resource played continue play critical role armed conflict assessment seek understand key actor conflict linkage natural resource see table 1 ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources assessment also identify n key financial strategic benefit drawback identified resource warring party civilian population affected conflict ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n nature extent grievance identified natural resource real perceived ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n location implicated resource overlap territory control armed force group ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n role sanction deterring illegal exploitation natural resource ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n extent type resource depletion environmental damage caused result mismanagement natural resource conflict ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n displacement local population potential loss access natural resource ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n crossborder activity regarding natural resource ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n linkage organized criminal group see iddrs 6.40 ddr organized crime ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n linkage armed group designated terrorist organization see iddrs 6.50 ddr armed group designated terrorist organization n analysis different actor conflict relationship natural resources.the abovementioned assessment completed desk review i.e . using report national government un agency ngo local civil society group medium well field assessment ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources assessment mission also help collect necessary background information analysis ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources assessment methodology shall developed consultation gender expert assessment team shall include gender expertise ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources role natural resource political security sector affecting planning ddr process duly considered ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources appropriate conflict security analysis factor consideration related natural resource see box 1 ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources postconflict context assessment linkage natural resource armed conflict also complement postconflict need assessment identifies main social physical need conflictaffected population ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources information see iddrs 3.11 integrated assessments.box 1 ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources conflict security analysis natural resource conflict sample question force group particular woman youth" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources peace agreement ceasefire signed grievance addressed conflict ended peace agreementbox 1 ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources conflict security analysis natural resource conflict sample question n scarcity natural resource unequal distribution related benefit issue" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources different social group able access natural resource differently" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n role land tenure land governance contributing conflict potentially conflict relapse ddr effort" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n role priority grievance woman men different age regard management natural resource" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n protection concern related natural resource conflict group risk men woman child minority group youth elder etc ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n grievance natural resource originally lead individual join \u2013 recruited \u2013 armed force group" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources grievance person associated armed force group particular woman youth" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources peace agreement ceasefire signed grievance addressed conflict ended peace agreement" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n political position one party conflict related access natural resource benefit derived" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n access natural resource supported chain command armed force group" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources natural resource control allowed political social gain community state" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n main local global actor including private sector organized crime involved conflict relationship natural resource" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n armed force group maintained splintered" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"How are they supporting themselves?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources supporting" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources natural resource factor market accessing achieve" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n natural resource leveraged control civilian population" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n conflict stopped seriously impeded economic activity natural resource sector including agricultural production forestry fishery extractive industry" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources issue parallel taxation smuggling militarization supply chain" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"What populations have been most affected by this?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources population affected" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n conflict involved landgrabbing appropriation land natural resource" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources group specific need including woman youth person disability particularly affected" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n degradation exploitation natural resource conflict socially impacted affected population" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n conflict activity led degradation key natural resource example deforestation pollution erosion topsoil contamination depletion water source destruction sanitation facility infrastructure interruption energy supply" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n risk climate change natural disaster exacerbated way natural resource used conflict" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources opportunity address risk ddr process" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"\\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n foreseeable specific effect i.e . risk opportunity natural resource management female excombatants woman formerly associated armed force group" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources youththe result assessment natural resource sector targeted indicate ddr practitioner planning implementation partner required ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources diverse range partner sought including partner local civil society well working private sector ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources planning implementation partner identified ddr practitioner ensure dedicated resource knowledge management focal point support natural resource management gender crosscutting themes.many ddr process already use natural resource management cvr reintegration effort ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources without recognizing potential risk adopting adequate safeguard ddr process could negative impact natural resource ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources see section 6.3 information recognize mitigate risks.ddr practitioner planning implementation employment livelihood programme example part cvr ddr programme also seek gather information risk opportunity associated natural resource ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources example question concerning natural resource integrated profiling questionnaire administered demobilization component ddr programme see box 2 ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources questionnaire seek identify specific need ambition excombatants person formerly associated armed force group information profiling see section 6.3 iddrs 4.20 demobilization ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources natural resource related question also included assessment conducted purpose designing reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources sample question see table 2 information reintegration assessment see section 7 iddrs 4.30 reintegration ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.1 Natural resources and conflict linkages", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"In order to determine if natural resources have played (or continue to play) a critical role in armed conflict, assessments should seek to understand the key actors in the conflict and their linkages to natural resources (see Table 1). Assessments should also identify: \\n Key financial and strategic benefits and drawbacks of the identified resources on all warring parties and civilian populations affected by the conflict. \\n The nature and extent of grievances over the identified natural resources (real and perceived), if any. \\n The location of implicated resources and overlap with territories under the control of armed forces and groups. \\n The role of sanctions in deterring illegal exploitation of natural resources. \\n The extent and type of resource depletion and environmental damage caused as a result of mismanagement of natural resources during the conflict. \\n Displacement of local populations and their potential loss of access to natural resources. \\n Cross-border activities regarding natural resources. \\n Linkages to organized criminal groups (see IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). \\n Linkages to armed groups designated as terrorist organizations (see IDDRS 6.50 on DDR and Armed Groups Designated as Terrorist Organizations) \\n Analyses of different actors in the conflict and their relationship with natural resources.The abovementioned assessments can be completed through desk reviews (i.e., using reports from the national Government, UN agencies, NGOs, local civil society groups and media) as well as field assessments. An assessment mission can also help to collect the necessary background information for analysis. Assessment methodology shall be developed in consultation with gender experts and assessment teams shall include gender expertise. The role of natural resources in the political and security sectors affecting the planning of DDR processes should be duly considered. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should factor in considerations related to natural resources (see Box 1). In post-conflict contexts, assessments of the linkages between natural resources and armed conflict should also complement a post-conflict needs assessment that identifies the main social and physical needs of conflict-affected populations. For further information, see IDDRS 3.11 on Integrated Assessments.Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement?Box 1. Conflict and security analysis for natural resources and conflict: sample questions \\n Is scarcity of natural resources or unequal distribution of related benefits an issue? How are different social groups able to access natural resources differently? \\n What is the role of land tenure and land governance in contributing to conflict - and potentially to conflict relapse - during DDR efforts? \\n What are the roles, priorities and grievances of women and men of different ages in regard to management of natural resources? \\n What are the protection concerns related to natural resources and conflict and which groups are most at risk (men, women, children, minority groups, youth, elders, etc.)? \\n Did grievances over natural resources originally lead individuals to join \u2013 or to be recruited into \u2013 armed forces or groups? What about the grievances of persons associated with armed forces or groups, in particular women and youth? If a peace agreement or ceasefire has been signed, were these grievances addressed when the conflict ended or in the peace agreement? \\n Is the political position of one or more of the parties to the conflict related to access to natural resources or to the benefits derived from them? \\n Has access to natural resources supported the chain of command in armed forces or groups? How has natural resource control allowed for political or social gain over communities and the State? \\n Who are the main local and global actors (including private sector and organized crime) involved in the conflict and what is their relationship to natural resources? \\n Have armed forces and groups maintained or splintered? How are they supporting themselves? Do natural resources factor in and what markets are they accessing to achieve this? \\n How have natural resources been leveraged to control the civilian population? \\n Has the conflict stopped or seriously impeded economic activities in natural resource sectors, including agricultural production, forestry, fisheries, or extractive industries? Are there issues with parallel taxation, smuggling, or militarization of supply chains? What populations have been most affected by this? \\n Has the conflict involved land-grabbing or other appropriation of land and natural resources? Have groups with specific needs, including women, youth and persons with disabilities, been particularly affected? \\n How has the degradation or exploitation of natural resources during conflict socially impacted affected populations? \\n Have conflict activities led to the degradation of key natural resources, for example through deforestation, pollution or erosion of topsoil, contamination or depletion of water sources, destruction of sanitation facilities and infrastructure, or interruption of energy supplies? \\n Are risks of climate change or natural disasters exacerbated by the ways that natural resources are being used before, during or after the conflict? Are there opportunities to address these risks through DDR processes? \\n Are there foreseeable, specific effects (i.e., risks and opportunities) of natural resource management on female ex-combatants and women formerly associated with armed forces and groups? And for youth?The results of these assessments and the natural resource sectors targeted should indicate to DDR practitioners as to which planning and implementation partners will be required. A diverse range of partners should be sought, including partners from local civil society as well as those working in and with the private sector. When planning and implementation partners have been identified, DDR practitioners should ensure that there are dedicated resources for a knowledge management focal point to support natural resource management, gender and other cross-cutting themes.Many DDR processes already use natural resource management in CVR or reintegration efforts. Without recognizing the potential risks and adopting adequate safeguards, DDR processes could have negative impacts on natural resources. See section 6.3 for information on how to recognize and mitigate these risks.DDR practitioners planning the implementation of employment and livelihoods programmes - for example, as part of a CVR or DDR programme - should also seek to gather information on the risks and opportunities associated with natural resources. For example, questions concerning natural resources should be integrated into the profiling questionnaires administered during the demobilization component of a DDR programme (see Box 2). These questionnaires seek to identify the specific needs and ambitions of ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups (for further information on profiling, see section 6.3 in IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Natural resource related questions should also be included in assessments conducted for the purpose of designing reintegration programmes. For sample questions see Table 2 and, for further information on reintegration assessments, see section 7 in IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration. Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1426, "Sentence":"Many of these sample questions may also be relevant for the design of CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources many sample question may also relevant design cvr programme see iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Employment and livelihood opportunities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, assessments focused on natural resources and employment and livelihood opportunities should reflect on the demand for natural resources and any derived products in local, regional, national and international markets. They should also examine existing and planned private sector activity in natural resource sectors. Assessments should also consider whether any areas environmentally degraded or damaged as a result of the conflict can be rehabilitated and strengthened through quick-impact projects (see section 7.2.1). DDR practitioners should seek to incorporate information gathered in Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental and Social Impact Assessments where appropriate and possible, to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts. The data collected can also be used to identify potential reconciliation and conflict resolution activities around natural resources. These activities may, for example, be included in the design of reintegration programmes.Box 2. Sample questions for the profiling of male and female members of armed forces and groups: \\n - Motivations for joining armed forces and groups linked to natural resources? \\n - Potential areas of return and likely livelihoods options to identify potential natural resource sectors to support? Seasonality of these occupations and related migration patterns? Are there communal natural resources in question in the area of return? Will DDR participants have access to these? \\n - The use of natural resources by the members of armed forces and groups to identify potential hot spots? \\n - Possibility to employ job\/vocational skills in natural resource management? \\n - Economic activities already undertaken prior to joining or while with armed forces and groups in different natural resource sectors? \\n - Interest to undertake economic activities in natural resource sectors?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1427, "Sentence":"At a minimum, assessments focused on natural resources and employment and livelihood opportunities should reflect on the demand for natural resources and any derived products in local, regional, national and international markets.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources minimum assessment focused natural resource employment livelihood opportunity reflect demand natural resource derived product local regional national international market ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Employment and livelihood opportunities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, assessments focused on natural resources and employment and livelihood opportunities should reflect on the demand for natural resources and any derived products in local, regional, national and international markets. They should also examine existing and planned private sector activity in natural resource sectors. Assessments should also consider whether any areas environmentally degraded or damaged as a result of the conflict can be rehabilitated and strengthened through quick-impact projects (see section 7.2.1). DDR practitioners should seek to incorporate information gathered in Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental and Social Impact Assessments where appropriate and possible, to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts. The data collected can also be used to identify potential reconciliation and conflict resolution activities around natural resources. These activities may, for example, be included in the design of reintegration programmes.Box 2. Sample questions for the profiling of male and female members of armed forces and groups: \\n - Motivations for joining armed forces and groups linked to natural resources? \\n - Potential areas of return and likely livelihoods options to identify potential natural resource sectors to support? Seasonality of these occupations and related migration patterns? Are there communal natural resources in question in the area of return? Will DDR participants have access to these? \\n - The use of natural resources by the members of armed forces and groups to identify potential hot spots? \\n - Possibility to employ job\/vocational skills in natural resource management? \\n - Economic activities already undertaken prior to joining or while with armed forces and groups in different natural resource sectors? \\n - Interest to undertake economic activities in natural resource sectors?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1427, "Sentence":"They should also examine existing and planned private sector activity in natural resource sectors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources also examine existing planned private sector activity natural resource sector ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Employment and livelihood opportunities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, assessments focused on natural resources and employment and livelihood opportunities should reflect on the demand for natural resources and any derived products in local, regional, national and international markets. They should also examine existing and planned private sector activity in natural resource sectors. Assessments should also consider whether any areas environmentally degraded or damaged as a result of the conflict can be rehabilitated and strengthened through quick-impact projects (see section 7.2.1). DDR practitioners should seek to incorporate information gathered in Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental and Social Impact Assessments where appropriate and possible, to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts. The data collected can also be used to identify potential reconciliation and conflict resolution activities around natural resources. These activities may, for example, be included in the design of reintegration programmes.Box 2. Sample questions for the profiling of male and female members of armed forces and groups: \\n - Motivations for joining armed forces and groups linked to natural resources? \\n - Potential areas of return and likely livelihoods options to identify potential natural resource sectors to support? Seasonality of these occupations and related migration patterns? Are there communal natural resources in question in the area of return? Will DDR participants have access to these? \\n - The use of natural resources by the members of armed forces and groups to identify potential hot spots? \\n - Possibility to employ job\/vocational skills in natural resource management? \\n - Economic activities already undertaken prior to joining or while with armed forces and groups in different natural resource sectors? \\n - Interest to undertake economic activities in natural resource sectors?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1427, "Sentence":"Assessments should also consider whether any areas environmentally degraded or damaged as a result of the conflict can be rehabilitated and strengthened through quick-impact projects (see section 7.2.1).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources assessment also consider whether area environmentally degraded damaged result conflict rehabilitated strengthened quickimpact project see section 7.2.1 ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Employment and livelihood opportunities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, assessments focused on natural resources and employment and livelihood opportunities should reflect on the demand for natural resources and any derived products in local, regional, national and international markets. They should also examine existing and planned private sector activity in natural resource sectors. Assessments should also consider whether any areas environmentally degraded or damaged as a result of the conflict can be rehabilitated and strengthened through quick-impact projects (see section 7.2.1). DDR practitioners should seek to incorporate information gathered in Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental and Social Impact Assessments where appropriate and possible, to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts. The data collected can also be used to identify potential reconciliation and conflict resolution activities around natural resources. These activities may, for example, be included in the design of reintegration programmes.Box 2. Sample questions for the profiling of male and female members of armed forces and groups: \\n - Motivations for joining armed forces and groups linked to natural resources? \\n - Potential areas of return and likely livelihoods options to identify potential natural resource sectors to support? Seasonality of these occupations and related migration patterns? Are there communal natural resources in question in the area of return? Will DDR participants have access to these? \\n - The use of natural resources by the members of armed forces and groups to identify potential hot spots? \\n - Possibility to employ job\/vocational skills in natural resource management? \\n - Economic activities already undertaken prior to joining or while with armed forces and groups in different natural resource sectors? \\n - Interest to undertake economic activities in natural resource sectors?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1427, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should seek to incorporate information gathered in Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental and Social Impact Assessments where appropriate and possible, to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner seek incorporate information gathered strategic environmental assessment environmental social impact assessment appropriate possible avoid unnecessary duplication effort ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Employment and livelihood opportunities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, assessments focused on natural resources and employment and livelihood opportunities should reflect on the demand for natural resources and any derived products in local, regional, national and international markets. They should also examine existing and planned private sector activity in natural resource sectors. Assessments should also consider whether any areas environmentally degraded or damaged as a result of the conflict can be rehabilitated and strengthened through quick-impact projects (see section 7.2.1). DDR practitioners should seek to incorporate information gathered in Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental and Social Impact Assessments where appropriate and possible, to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts. The data collected can also be used to identify potential reconciliation and conflict resolution activities around natural resources. These activities may, for example, be included in the design of reintegration programmes.Box 2. Sample questions for the profiling of male and female members of armed forces and groups: \\n - Motivations for joining armed forces and groups linked to natural resources? \\n - Potential areas of return and likely livelihoods options to identify potential natural resource sectors to support? Seasonality of these occupations and related migration patterns? Are there communal natural resources in question in the area of return? Will DDR participants have access to these? \\n - The use of natural resources by the members of armed forces and groups to identify potential hot spots? \\n - Possibility to employ job\/vocational skills in natural resource management? \\n - Economic activities already undertaken prior to joining or while with armed forces and groups in different natural resource sectors? \\n - Interest to undertake economic activities in natural resource sectors?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1427, "Sentence":"The data collected can also be used to identify potential reconciliation and conflict resolution activities around natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources data collected also used identify potential reconciliation conflict resolution activity around natural resource ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Employment and livelihood opportunities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, assessments focused on natural resources and employment and livelihood opportunities should reflect on the demand for natural resources and any derived products in local, regional, national and international markets. They should also examine existing and planned private sector activity in natural resource sectors. Assessments should also consider whether any areas environmentally degraded or damaged as a result of the conflict can be rehabilitated and strengthened through quick-impact projects (see section 7.2.1). DDR practitioners should seek to incorporate information gathered in Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental and Social Impact Assessments where appropriate and possible, to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts. The data collected can also be used to identify potential reconciliation and conflict resolution activities around natural resources. These activities may, for example, be included in the design of reintegration programmes.Box 2. Sample questions for the profiling of male and female members of armed forces and groups: \\n - Motivations for joining armed forces and groups linked to natural resources? \\n - Potential areas of return and likely livelihoods options to identify potential natural resource sectors to support? Seasonality of these occupations and related migration patterns? Are there communal natural resources in question in the area of return? Will DDR participants have access to these? \\n - The use of natural resources by the members of armed forces and groups to identify potential hot spots? \\n - Possibility to employ job\/vocational skills in natural resource management? \\n - Economic activities already undertaken prior to joining or while with armed forces and groups in different natural resource sectors? \\n - Interest to undertake economic activities in natural resource sectors?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1427, "Sentence":"These activities may, for example, be included in the design of reintegration programmes.Box 2.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources activity may example included design reintegration programmes.box 2 ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Employment and livelihood opportunities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, assessments focused on natural resources and employment and livelihood opportunities should reflect on the demand for natural resources and any derived products in local, regional, national and international markets. They should also examine existing and planned private sector activity in natural resource sectors. Assessments should also consider whether any areas environmentally degraded or damaged as a result of the conflict can be rehabilitated and strengthened through quick-impact projects (see section 7.2.1). DDR practitioners should seek to incorporate information gathered in Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental and Social Impact Assessments where appropriate and possible, to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts. The data collected can also be used to identify potential reconciliation and conflict resolution activities around natural resources. These activities may, for example, be included in the design of reintegration programmes.Box 2. Sample questions for the profiling of male and female members of armed forces and groups: \\n - Motivations for joining armed forces and groups linked to natural resources? \\n - Potential areas of return and likely livelihoods options to identify potential natural resource sectors to support? Seasonality of these occupations and related migration patterns? Are there communal natural resources in question in the area of return? Will DDR participants have access to these? \\n - The use of natural resources by the members of armed forces and groups to identify potential hot spots? \\n - Possibility to employ job\/vocational skills in natural resource management? \\n - Economic activities already undertaken prior to joining or while with armed forces and groups in different natural resource sectors? \\n - Interest to undertake economic activities in natural resource sectors?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1427, "Sentence":"Sample questions for the profiling of male and female members of armed forces and groups: \\n - Motivations for joining armed forces and groups linked to natural resources?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources sample question profiling male female member armed force group n motivation joining armed force group linked natural resource" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Employment and livelihood opportunities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, assessments focused on natural resources and employment and livelihood opportunities should reflect on the demand for natural resources and any derived products in local, regional, national and international markets. They should also examine existing and planned private sector activity in natural resource sectors. Assessments should also consider whether any areas environmentally degraded or damaged as a result of the conflict can be rehabilitated and strengthened through quick-impact projects (see section 7.2.1). DDR practitioners should seek to incorporate information gathered in Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental and Social Impact Assessments where appropriate and possible, to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts. The data collected can also be used to identify potential reconciliation and conflict resolution activities around natural resources. These activities may, for example, be included in the design of reintegration programmes.Box 2. Sample questions for the profiling of male and female members of armed forces and groups: \\n - Motivations for joining armed forces and groups linked to natural resources? \\n - Potential areas of return and likely livelihoods options to identify potential natural resource sectors to support? Seasonality of these occupations and related migration patterns? Are there communal natural resources in question in the area of return? Will DDR participants have access to these? \\n - The use of natural resources by the members of armed forces and groups to identify potential hot spots? \\n - Possibility to employ job\/vocational skills in natural resource management? \\n - Economic activities already undertaken prior to joining or while with armed forces and groups in different natural resource sectors? \\n - Interest to undertake economic activities in natural resource sectors?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1427, "Sentence":"\\n - Potential areas of return and likely livelihoods options to identify potential natural resource sectors to support?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n potential area return likely livelihood option identify potential natural resource sector support" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Employment and livelihood opportunities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, assessments focused on natural resources and employment and livelihood opportunities should reflect on the demand for natural resources and any derived products in local, regional, national and international markets. They should also examine existing and planned private sector activity in natural resource sectors. Assessments should also consider whether any areas environmentally degraded or damaged as a result of the conflict can be rehabilitated and strengthened through quick-impact projects (see section 7.2.1). DDR practitioners should seek to incorporate information gathered in Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental and Social Impact Assessments where appropriate and possible, to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts. The data collected can also be used to identify potential reconciliation and conflict resolution activities around natural resources. These activities may, for example, be included in the design of reintegration programmes.Box 2. Sample questions for the profiling of male and female members of armed forces and groups: \\n - Motivations for joining armed forces and groups linked to natural resources? \\n - Potential areas of return and likely livelihoods options to identify potential natural resource sectors to support? Seasonality of these occupations and related migration patterns? Are there communal natural resources in question in the area of return? Will DDR participants have access to these? \\n - The use of natural resources by the members of armed forces and groups to identify potential hot spots? \\n - Possibility to employ job\/vocational skills in natural resource management? \\n - Economic activities already undertaken prior to joining or while with armed forces and groups in different natural resource sectors? \\n - Interest to undertake economic activities in natural resource sectors?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1427, "Sentence":"Seasonality of these occupations and related migration patterns?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources seasonality occupation related migration pattern" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Employment and livelihood opportunities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, assessments focused on natural resources and employment and livelihood opportunities should reflect on the demand for natural resources and any derived products in local, regional, national and international markets. They should also examine existing and planned private sector activity in natural resource sectors. Assessments should also consider whether any areas environmentally degraded or damaged as a result of the conflict can be rehabilitated and strengthened through quick-impact projects (see section 7.2.1). DDR practitioners should seek to incorporate information gathered in Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental and Social Impact Assessments where appropriate and possible, to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts. The data collected can also be used to identify potential reconciliation and conflict resolution activities around natural resources. These activities may, for example, be included in the design of reintegration programmes.Box 2. Sample questions for the profiling of male and female members of armed forces and groups: \\n - Motivations for joining armed forces and groups linked to natural resources? \\n - Potential areas of return and likely livelihoods options to identify potential natural resource sectors to support? Seasonality of these occupations and related migration patterns? Are there communal natural resources in question in the area of return? Will DDR participants have access to these? \\n - The use of natural resources by the members of armed forces and groups to identify potential hot spots? \\n - Possibility to employ job\/vocational skills in natural resource management? \\n - Economic activities already undertaken prior to joining or while with armed forces and groups in different natural resource sectors? \\n - Interest to undertake economic activities in natural resource sectors?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1427, "Sentence":"Are there communal natural resources in question in the area of return?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources communal natural resource question area return" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Employment and livelihood opportunities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, assessments focused on natural resources and employment and livelihood opportunities should reflect on the demand for natural resources and any derived products in local, regional, national and international markets. They should also examine existing and planned private sector activity in natural resource sectors. Assessments should also consider whether any areas environmentally degraded or damaged as a result of the conflict can be rehabilitated and strengthened through quick-impact projects (see section 7.2.1). DDR practitioners should seek to incorporate information gathered in Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental and Social Impact Assessments where appropriate and possible, to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts. The data collected can also be used to identify potential reconciliation and conflict resolution activities around natural resources. These activities may, for example, be included in the design of reintegration programmes.Box 2. Sample questions for the profiling of male and female members of armed forces and groups: \\n - Motivations for joining armed forces and groups linked to natural resources? \\n - Potential areas of return and likely livelihoods options to identify potential natural resource sectors to support? Seasonality of these occupations and related migration patterns? Are there communal natural resources in question in the area of return? Will DDR participants have access to these? \\n - The use of natural resources by the members of armed forces and groups to identify potential hot spots? \\n - Possibility to employ job\/vocational skills in natural resource management? \\n - Economic activities already undertaken prior to joining or while with armed forces and groups in different natural resource sectors? \\n - Interest to undertake economic activities in natural resource sectors?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1427, "Sentence":"Will DDR participants have access to these?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr participant access" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Employment and livelihood opportunities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, assessments focused on natural resources and employment and livelihood opportunities should reflect on the demand for natural resources and any derived products in local, regional, national and international markets. They should also examine existing and planned private sector activity in natural resource sectors. Assessments should also consider whether any areas environmentally degraded or damaged as a result of the conflict can be rehabilitated and strengthened through quick-impact projects (see section 7.2.1). DDR practitioners should seek to incorporate information gathered in Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental and Social Impact Assessments where appropriate and possible, to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts. The data collected can also be used to identify potential reconciliation and conflict resolution activities around natural resources. These activities may, for example, be included in the design of reintegration programmes.Box 2. Sample questions for the profiling of male and female members of armed forces and groups: \\n - Motivations for joining armed forces and groups linked to natural resources? \\n - Potential areas of return and likely livelihoods options to identify potential natural resource sectors to support? Seasonality of these occupations and related migration patterns? Are there communal natural resources in question in the area of return? Will DDR participants have access to these? \\n - The use of natural resources by the members of armed forces and groups to identify potential hot spots? \\n - Possibility to employ job\/vocational skills in natural resource management? \\n - Economic activities already undertaken prior to joining or while with armed forces and groups in different natural resource sectors? \\n - Interest to undertake economic activities in natural resource sectors?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1427, "Sentence":"\\n - The use of natural resources by the members of armed forces and groups to identify potential hot spots?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n use natural resource member armed force group identify potential hot spot" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Employment and livelihood opportunities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, assessments focused on natural resources and employment and livelihood opportunities should reflect on the demand for natural resources and any derived products in local, regional, national and international markets. They should also examine existing and planned private sector activity in natural resource sectors. Assessments should also consider whether any areas environmentally degraded or damaged as a result of the conflict can be rehabilitated and strengthened through quick-impact projects (see section 7.2.1). DDR practitioners should seek to incorporate information gathered in Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental and Social Impact Assessments where appropriate and possible, to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts. The data collected can also be used to identify potential reconciliation and conflict resolution activities around natural resources. These activities may, for example, be included in the design of reintegration programmes.Box 2. Sample questions for the profiling of male and female members of armed forces and groups: \\n - Motivations for joining armed forces and groups linked to natural resources? \\n - Potential areas of return and likely livelihoods options to identify potential natural resource sectors to support? Seasonality of these occupations and related migration patterns? Are there communal natural resources in question in the area of return? Will DDR participants have access to these? \\n - The use of natural resources by the members of armed forces and groups to identify potential hot spots? \\n - Possibility to employ job\/vocational skills in natural resource management? \\n - Economic activities already undertaken prior to joining or while with armed forces and groups in different natural resource sectors? \\n - Interest to undertake economic activities in natural resource sectors?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1427, "Sentence":"\\n - Possibility to employ job\/vocational skills in natural resource management?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n possibility employ job\/vocational skill natural resource management" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Employment and livelihood opportunities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, assessments focused on natural resources and employment and livelihood opportunities should reflect on the demand for natural resources and any derived products in local, regional, national and international markets. They should also examine existing and planned private sector activity in natural resource sectors. Assessments should also consider whether any areas environmentally degraded or damaged as a result of the conflict can be rehabilitated and strengthened through quick-impact projects (see section 7.2.1). DDR practitioners should seek to incorporate information gathered in Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental and Social Impact Assessments where appropriate and possible, to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts. The data collected can also be used to identify potential reconciliation and conflict resolution activities around natural resources. These activities may, for example, be included in the design of reintegration programmes.Box 2. Sample questions for the profiling of male and female members of armed forces and groups: \\n - Motivations for joining armed forces and groups linked to natural resources? \\n - Potential areas of return and likely livelihoods options to identify potential natural resource sectors to support? Seasonality of these occupations and related migration patterns? Are there communal natural resources in question in the area of return? Will DDR participants have access to these? \\n - The use of natural resources by the members of armed forces and groups to identify potential hot spots? \\n - Possibility to employ job\/vocational skills in natural resource management? \\n - Economic activities already undertaken prior to joining or while with armed forces and groups in different natural resource sectors? \\n - Interest to undertake economic activities in natural resource sectors?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1427, "Sentence":"\\n - Economic activities already undertaken prior to joining or while with armed forces and groups in different natural resource sectors?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n economic activity already undertaken prior joining armed force group different natural resource sector" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.1 Assessments and design", "Heading3":"6.1.2 Employment and livelihood opportunities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"At a minimum, assessments focused on natural resources and employment and livelihood opportunities should reflect on the demand for natural resources and any derived products in local, regional, national and international markets. They should also examine existing and planned private sector activity in natural resource sectors. Assessments should also consider whether any areas environmentally degraded or damaged as a result of the conflict can be rehabilitated and strengthened through quick-impact projects (see section 7.2.1). DDR practitioners should seek to incorporate information gathered in Strategic Environmental Assessments and Environmental and Social Impact Assessments where appropriate and possible, to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts. The data collected can also be used to identify potential reconciliation and conflict resolution activities around natural resources. These activities may, for example, be included in the design of reintegration programmes.Box 2. Sample questions for the profiling of male and female members of armed forces and groups: \\n - Motivations for joining armed forces and groups linked to natural resources? \\n - Potential areas of return and likely livelihoods options to identify potential natural resource sectors to support? Seasonality of these occupations and related migration patterns? Are there communal natural resources in question in the area of return? Will DDR participants have access to these? \\n - The use of natural resources by the members of armed forces and groups to identify potential hot spots? \\n - Possibility to employ job\/vocational skills in natural resource management? \\n - Economic activities already undertaken prior to joining or while with armed forces and groups in different natural resource sectors? \\n - Interest to undertake economic activities in natural resource sectors?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1427, "Sentence":"\\n - Interest to undertake economic activities in natural resource sectors?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n interest undertake economic activity natural resource sector" }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In order to appropriately address the needs of all DDR participants and beneficiaries, a thorough analysis of groups with specific needs in natural resource management should be carried out as part of general DDR assessments. These considerations should then be mainstreamed throughout design and implementation. Specific needs groups often include women and girls, youth, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses, and indigenous and tribal peoples and local communities, but other vulnerabilities might also exist in different DDR contexts. Annex B presents a non-exhaustive list of questions that can be incorporated into DDR assessments in regard to specific- needs groups and natural resource management.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1428, "Sentence":"In order to appropriately address the needs of all DDR participants and beneficiaries, a thorough analysis of groups with specific needs in natural resource management should be carried out as part of general DDR assessments.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources order appropriately address need ddr participant beneficiary thorough analysis group specific need natural resource management carried part general ddr assessment ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In order to appropriately address the needs of all DDR participants and beneficiaries, a thorough analysis of groups with specific needs in natural resource management should be carried out as part of general DDR assessments. These considerations should then be mainstreamed throughout design and implementation. Specific needs groups often include women and girls, youth, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses, and indigenous and tribal peoples and local communities, but other vulnerabilities might also exist in different DDR contexts. Annex B presents a non-exhaustive list of questions that can be incorporated into DDR assessments in regard to specific- needs groups and natural resource management.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1428, "Sentence":"These considerations should then be mainstreamed throughout design and implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources consideration mainstreamed throughout design implementation ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In order to appropriately address the needs of all DDR participants and beneficiaries, a thorough analysis of groups with specific needs in natural resource management should be carried out as part of general DDR assessments. These considerations should then be mainstreamed throughout design and implementation. Specific needs groups often include women and girls, youth, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses, and indigenous and tribal peoples and local communities, but other vulnerabilities might also exist in different DDR contexts. Annex B presents a non-exhaustive list of questions that can be incorporated into DDR assessments in regard to specific- needs groups and natural resource management.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1428, "Sentence":"Specific needs groups often include women and girls, youth, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses, and indigenous and tribal peoples and local communities, but other vulnerabilities might also exist in different DDR contexts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources specific need group often include woman girl youth person disability person chronic illness indigenous tribal people local community vulnerability might also exist different ddr context ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"In order to appropriately address the needs of all DDR participants and beneficiaries, a thorough analysis of groups with specific needs in natural resource management should be carried out as part of general DDR assessments. These considerations should then be mainstreamed throughout design and implementation. Specific needs groups often include women and girls, youth, persons with disabilities and persons with chronic illnesses, and indigenous and tribal peoples and local communities, but other vulnerabilities might also exist in different DDR contexts. Annex B presents a non-exhaustive list of questions that can be incorporated into DDR assessments in regard to specific- needs groups and natural resource management.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1428, "Sentence":"Annex B presents a non-exhaustive list of questions that can be incorporated into DDR assessments in regard to specific- needs groups and natural resource management.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources annex b present nonexhaustive list question incorporated ddr assessment regard specific need group natural resource management ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Youth", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Many conflict-affected countries have substantial numbers of youth \u2013 individuals between 15 and 24 years of age - relative to the rest of the population. Natural resources can offer specific opportunities for this group. For example, when following a value chain approach (see section 7.3.1) with agricultural products, non-timber forest products or fisheries, DDR practitioners should seek to identify processing stages that can be completed by youth with little work experience or skills. Habitat and ecosystem services restoration can also offer opportunities for young people. Youth can also be targeted as leaders through training-of-trainers programmes to further disseminate best practices and skills for improving the use of natural resources. When embarking on youth-focused DDR processes, efforts should be made to ensure that both male and female youth are engaged. While male youth are often the more visible group in conflict-affected countries, there are proven peace dividends in providing support to female youth. For additional guidance, see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1429, "Sentence":"Many conflict-affected countries have substantial numbers of youth \u2013 individuals between 15 and 24 years of age - relative to the rest of the population.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources many conflictaffected country substantial number youth \u2013 individual 15 24 year age relative rest population ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Youth", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Many conflict-affected countries have substantial numbers of youth \u2013 individuals between 15 and 24 years of age - relative to the rest of the population. Natural resources can offer specific opportunities for this group. For example, when following a value chain approach (see section 7.3.1) with agricultural products, non-timber forest products or fisheries, DDR practitioners should seek to identify processing stages that can be completed by youth with little work experience or skills. Habitat and ecosystem services restoration can also offer opportunities for young people. Youth can also be targeted as leaders through training-of-trainers programmes to further disseminate best practices and skills for improving the use of natural resources. When embarking on youth-focused DDR processes, efforts should be made to ensure that both male and female youth are engaged. While male youth are often the more visible group in conflict-affected countries, there are proven peace dividends in providing support to female youth. For additional guidance, see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1429, "Sentence":"Natural resources can offer specific opportunities for this group.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources natural resource offer specific opportunity group ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Youth", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Many conflict-affected countries have substantial numbers of youth \u2013 individuals between 15 and 24 years of age - relative to the rest of the population. Natural resources can offer specific opportunities for this group. For example, when following a value chain approach (see section 7.3.1) with agricultural products, non-timber forest products or fisheries, DDR practitioners should seek to identify processing stages that can be completed by youth with little work experience or skills. Habitat and ecosystem services restoration can also offer opportunities for young people. Youth can also be targeted as leaders through training-of-trainers programmes to further disseminate best practices and skills for improving the use of natural resources. When embarking on youth-focused DDR processes, efforts should be made to ensure that both male and female youth are engaged. While male youth are often the more visible group in conflict-affected countries, there are proven peace dividends in providing support to female youth. For additional guidance, see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1429, "Sentence":"For example, when following a value chain approach (see section 7.3.1) with agricultural products, non-timber forest products or fisheries, DDR practitioners should seek to identify processing stages that can be completed by youth with little work experience or skills.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources example following value chain approach see section 7.3.1 agricultural product nontimber forest product fishery ddr practitioner seek identify processing stage completed youth little work experience skill ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Youth", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Many conflict-affected countries have substantial numbers of youth \u2013 individuals between 15 and 24 years of age - relative to the rest of the population. Natural resources can offer specific opportunities for this group. For example, when following a value chain approach (see section 7.3.1) with agricultural products, non-timber forest products or fisheries, DDR practitioners should seek to identify processing stages that can be completed by youth with little work experience or skills. Habitat and ecosystem services restoration can also offer opportunities for young people. Youth can also be targeted as leaders through training-of-trainers programmes to further disseminate best practices and skills for improving the use of natural resources. When embarking on youth-focused DDR processes, efforts should be made to ensure that both male and female youth are engaged. While male youth are often the more visible group in conflict-affected countries, there are proven peace dividends in providing support to female youth. For additional guidance, see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1429, "Sentence":"Habitat and ecosystem services restoration can also offer opportunities for young people.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources habitat ecosystem service restoration also offer opportunity young people ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Youth", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Many conflict-affected countries have substantial numbers of youth \u2013 individuals between 15 and 24 years of age - relative to the rest of the population. Natural resources can offer specific opportunities for this group. For example, when following a value chain approach (see section 7.3.1) with agricultural products, non-timber forest products or fisheries, DDR practitioners should seek to identify processing stages that can be completed by youth with little work experience or skills. Habitat and ecosystem services restoration can also offer opportunities for young people. Youth can also be targeted as leaders through training-of-trainers programmes to further disseminate best practices and skills for improving the use of natural resources. When embarking on youth-focused DDR processes, efforts should be made to ensure that both male and female youth are engaged. While male youth are often the more visible group in conflict-affected countries, there are proven peace dividends in providing support to female youth. For additional guidance, see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1429, "Sentence":"Youth can also be targeted as leaders through training-of-trainers programmes to further disseminate best practices and skills for improving the use of natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources youth also targeted leader trainingoftrainers programme disseminate best practice skill improving use natural resource ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Youth", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Many conflict-affected countries have substantial numbers of youth \u2013 individuals between 15 and 24 years of age - relative to the rest of the population. Natural resources can offer specific opportunities for this group. For example, when following a value chain approach (see section 7.3.1) with agricultural products, non-timber forest products or fisheries, DDR practitioners should seek to identify processing stages that can be completed by youth with little work experience or skills. Habitat and ecosystem services restoration can also offer opportunities for young people. Youth can also be targeted as leaders through training-of-trainers programmes to further disseminate best practices and skills for improving the use of natural resources. When embarking on youth-focused DDR processes, efforts should be made to ensure that both male and female youth are engaged. While male youth are often the more visible group in conflict-affected countries, there are proven peace dividends in providing support to female youth. For additional guidance, see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1429, "Sentence":"When embarking on youth-focused DDR processes, efforts should be made to ensure that both male and female youth are engaged.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources embarking youthfocused ddr process effort made ensure male female youth engaged ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Youth", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Many conflict-affected countries have substantial numbers of youth \u2013 individuals between 15 and 24 years of age - relative to the rest of the population. Natural resources can offer specific opportunities for this group. For example, when following a value chain approach (see section 7.3.1) with agricultural products, non-timber forest products or fisheries, DDR practitioners should seek to identify processing stages that can be completed by youth with little work experience or skills. Habitat and ecosystem services restoration can also offer opportunities for young people. Youth can also be targeted as leaders through training-of-trainers programmes to further disseminate best practices and skills for improving the use of natural resources. When embarking on youth-focused DDR processes, efforts should be made to ensure that both male and female youth are engaged. While male youth are often the more visible group in conflict-affected countries, there are proven peace dividends in providing support to female youth. For additional guidance, see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1429, "Sentence":"While male youth are often the more visible group in conflict-affected countries, there are proven peace dividends in providing support to female youth.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources male youth often visible group conflictaffected country proven peace dividend providing support female youth ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.1 Youth", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Many conflict-affected countries have substantial numbers of youth \u2013 individuals between 15 and 24 years of age - relative to the rest of the population. Natural resources can offer specific opportunities for this group. For example, when following a value chain approach (see section 7.3.1) with agricultural products, non-timber forest products or fisheries, DDR practitioners should seek to identify processing stages that can be completed by youth with little work experience or skills. Habitat and ecosystem services restoration can also offer opportunities for young people. Youth can also be targeted as leaders through training-of-trainers programmes to further disseminate best practices and skills for improving the use of natural resources. When embarking on youth-focused DDR processes, efforts should be made to ensure that both male and female youth are engaged. While male youth are often the more visible group in conflict-affected countries, there are proven peace dividends in providing support to female youth. For additional guidance, see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1429, "Sentence":"For additional guidance, see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources additional guidance see iddrs 5.30 youth ddr ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.2 Women and girls", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Women and girls often directly manage communal natural resources for their livelihoods and provide for the food security of their families (e.g., through the direct cultivation of land and the collection of water, fodder, herbs, firewood, etc.). However, they often lack tenure or official rights to the natural resources they rely on, or may have access to communal resources that are not recognized (or upheld if they are recognized) in local or national laws. DDR practitioners should pay special attention to ensuring that women are able to access natural resources especially in situations where this access is restricted due to lack of support from a male relative. In rural areas, this is especially crucial for access to land, which can provide the basis for women\u2019s livelihoods and which often determines their ability to access credit and take-out loans. For example, where DDR processes link to land titling, they should encourage shared titling between male and female heads of households. In addition, DDR practitioners should ensure that employment opportunities and necessary skills training are available for girls and women in natural resource sectors, including non-traditional women\u2019s jobs. Moreover, DDR practitioners should also ensure that women are part of any decision-making processes related to natural resources and that their voices are heard in planning, programmatic decisions and prioritization of policy.In cases where access to natural resources for livelihoods has put women and girls at higher risk of SGBV, special care must be taken to establish safe and secure access to these resources, or a safe and secure alternative. Awareness and training of security forces may be appropriate for this, as well as negotiated safe spaces for women and girls to use to cultivate or gather natural resources that they rely on. DDR practitioners should ensure that these considerations are included in DDR assessments so that the safety and security risks to women and girls from accessing natural resources are minimized during the DDR process and beyond. For more guidance, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1430, "Sentence":"Women and girls often directly manage communal natural resources for their livelihoods and provide for the food security of their families (e.g., through the direct cultivation of land and the collection of water, fodder, herbs, firewood, etc.).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources woman girl often directly manage communal natural resource livelihood provide food security family e.g . direct cultivation land collection water fodder herb firewood etc .." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.2 Women and girls", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Women and girls often directly manage communal natural resources for their livelihoods and provide for the food security of their families (e.g., through the direct cultivation of land and the collection of water, fodder, herbs, firewood, etc.). However, they often lack tenure or official rights to the natural resources they rely on, or may have access to communal resources that are not recognized (or upheld if they are recognized) in local or national laws. DDR practitioners should pay special attention to ensuring that women are able to access natural resources especially in situations where this access is restricted due to lack of support from a male relative. In rural areas, this is especially crucial for access to land, which can provide the basis for women\u2019s livelihoods and which often determines their ability to access credit and take-out loans. For example, where DDR processes link to land titling, they should encourage shared titling between male and female heads of households. In addition, DDR practitioners should ensure that employment opportunities and necessary skills training are available for girls and women in natural resource sectors, including non-traditional women\u2019s jobs. Moreover, DDR practitioners should also ensure that women are part of any decision-making processes related to natural resources and that their voices are heard in planning, programmatic decisions and prioritization of policy.In cases where access to natural resources for livelihoods has put women and girls at higher risk of SGBV, special care must be taken to establish safe and secure access to these resources, or a safe and secure alternative. Awareness and training of security forces may be appropriate for this, as well as negotiated safe spaces for women and girls to use to cultivate or gather natural resources that they rely on. DDR practitioners should ensure that these considerations are included in DDR assessments so that the safety and security risks to women and girls from accessing natural resources are minimized during the DDR process and beyond. For more guidance, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1430, "Sentence":"However, they often lack tenure or official rights to the natural resources they rely on, or may have access to communal resources that are not recognized (or upheld if they are recognized) in local or national laws.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources however often lack tenure official right natural resource rely may access communal resource recognized upheld recognized local national law ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.2 Women and girls", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Women and girls often directly manage communal natural resources for their livelihoods and provide for the food security of their families (e.g., through the direct cultivation of land and the collection of water, fodder, herbs, firewood, etc.). However, they often lack tenure or official rights to the natural resources they rely on, or may have access to communal resources that are not recognized (or upheld if they are recognized) in local or national laws. DDR practitioners should pay special attention to ensuring that women are able to access natural resources especially in situations where this access is restricted due to lack of support from a male relative. In rural areas, this is especially crucial for access to land, which can provide the basis for women\u2019s livelihoods and which often determines their ability to access credit and take-out loans. For example, where DDR processes link to land titling, they should encourage shared titling between male and female heads of households. In addition, DDR practitioners should ensure that employment opportunities and necessary skills training are available for girls and women in natural resource sectors, including non-traditional women\u2019s jobs. Moreover, DDR practitioners should also ensure that women are part of any decision-making processes related to natural resources and that their voices are heard in planning, programmatic decisions and prioritization of policy.In cases where access to natural resources for livelihoods has put women and girls at higher risk of SGBV, special care must be taken to establish safe and secure access to these resources, or a safe and secure alternative. Awareness and training of security forces may be appropriate for this, as well as negotiated safe spaces for women and girls to use to cultivate or gather natural resources that they rely on. DDR practitioners should ensure that these considerations are included in DDR assessments so that the safety and security risks to women and girls from accessing natural resources are minimized during the DDR process and beyond. For more guidance, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1430, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should pay special attention to ensuring that women are able to access natural resources especially in situations where this access is restricted due to lack of support from a male relative.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner pay special attention ensuring woman able access natural resource especially situation access restricted due lack support male relative ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.2 Women and girls", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Women and girls often directly manage communal natural resources for their livelihoods and provide for the food security of their families (e.g., through the direct cultivation of land and the collection of water, fodder, herbs, firewood, etc.). However, they often lack tenure or official rights to the natural resources they rely on, or may have access to communal resources that are not recognized (or upheld if they are recognized) in local or national laws. DDR practitioners should pay special attention to ensuring that women are able to access natural resources especially in situations where this access is restricted due to lack of support from a male relative. In rural areas, this is especially crucial for access to land, which can provide the basis for women\u2019s livelihoods and which often determines their ability to access credit and take-out loans. For example, where DDR processes link to land titling, they should encourage shared titling between male and female heads of households. In addition, DDR practitioners should ensure that employment opportunities and necessary skills training are available for girls and women in natural resource sectors, including non-traditional women\u2019s jobs. Moreover, DDR practitioners should also ensure that women are part of any decision-making processes related to natural resources and that their voices are heard in planning, programmatic decisions and prioritization of policy.In cases where access to natural resources for livelihoods has put women and girls at higher risk of SGBV, special care must be taken to establish safe and secure access to these resources, or a safe and secure alternative. Awareness and training of security forces may be appropriate for this, as well as negotiated safe spaces for women and girls to use to cultivate or gather natural resources that they rely on. DDR practitioners should ensure that these considerations are included in DDR assessments so that the safety and security risks to women and girls from accessing natural resources are minimized during the DDR process and beyond. For more guidance, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1430, "Sentence":"In rural areas, this is especially crucial for access to land, which can provide the basis for women\u2019s livelihoods and which often determines their ability to access credit and take-out loans.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources rural area especially crucial access land provide basis woman \u2019 livelihood often determines ability access credit takeout loan ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.2 Women and girls", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Women and girls often directly manage communal natural resources for their livelihoods and provide for the food security of their families (e.g., through the direct cultivation of land and the collection of water, fodder, herbs, firewood, etc.). However, they often lack tenure or official rights to the natural resources they rely on, or may have access to communal resources that are not recognized (or upheld if they are recognized) in local or national laws. DDR practitioners should pay special attention to ensuring that women are able to access natural resources especially in situations where this access is restricted due to lack of support from a male relative. In rural areas, this is especially crucial for access to land, which can provide the basis for women\u2019s livelihoods and which often determines their ability to access credit and take-out loans. For example, where DDR processes link to land titling, they should encourage shared titling between male and female heads of households. In addition, DDR practitioners should ensure that employment opportunities and necessary skills training are available for girls and women in natural resource sectors, including non-traditional women\u2019s jobs. Moreover, DDR practitioners should also ensure that women are part of any decision-making processes related to natural resources and that their voices are heard in planning, programmatic decisions and prioritization of policy.In cases where access to natural resources for livelihoods has put women and girls at higher risk of SGBV, special care must be taken to establish safe and secure access to these resources, or a safe and secure alternative. Awareness and training of security forces may be appropriate for this, as well as negotiated safe spaces for women and girls to use to cultivate or gather natural resources that they rely on. DDR practitioners should ensure that these considerations are included in DDR assessments so that the safety and security risks to women and girls from accessing natural resources are minimized during the DDR process and beyond. For more guidance, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1430, "Sentence":"For example, where DDR processes link to land titling, they should encourage shared titling between male and female heads of households.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources example ddr process link land titling encourage shared titling male female head household ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.2 Women and girls", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Women and girls often directly manage communal natural resources for their livelihoods and provide for the food security of their families (e.g., through the direct cultivation of land and the collection of water, fodder, herbs, firewood, etc.). However, they often lack tenure or official rights to the natural resources they rely on, or may have access to communal resources that are not recognized (or upheld if they are recognized) in local or national laws. DDR practitioners should pay special attention to ensuring that women are able to access natural resources especially in situations where this access is restricted due to lack of support from a male relative. In rural areas, this is especially crucial for access to land, which can provide the basis for women\u2019s livelihoods and which often determines their ability to access credit and take-out loans. For example, where DDR processes link to land titling, they should encourage shared titling between male and female heads of households. In addition, DDR practitioners should ensure that employment opportunities and necessary skills training are available for girls and women in natural resource sectors, including non-traditional women\u2019s jobs. Moreover, DDR practitioners should also ensure that women are part of any decision-making processes related to natural resources and that their voices are heard in planning, programmatic decisions and prioritization of policy.In cases where access to natural resources for livelihoods has put women and girls at higher risk of SGBV, special care must be taken to establish safe and secure access to these resources, or a safe and secure alternative. Awareness and training of security forces may be appropriate for this, as well as negotiated safe spaces for women and girls to use to cultivate or gather natural resources that they rely on. DDR practitioners should ensure that these considerations are included in DDR assessments so that the safety and security risks to women and girls from accessing natural resources are minimized during the DDR process and beyond. For more guidance, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1430, "Sentence":"In addition, DDR practitioners should ensure that employment opportunities and necessary skills training are available for girls and women in natural resource sectors, including non-traditional women\u2019s jobs.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources addition ddr practitioner ensure employment opportunity necessary skill training available girl woman natural resource sector including nontraditional woman \u2019 job ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.2 Women and girls", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Women and girls often directly manage communal natural resources for their livelihoods and provide for the food security of their families (e.g., through the direct cultivation of land and the collection of water, fodder, herbs, firewood, etc.). However, they often lack tenure or official rights to the natural resources they rely on, or may have access to communal resources that are not recognized (or upheld if they are recognized) in local or national laws. DDR practitioners should pay special attention to ensuring that women are able to access natural resources especially in situations where this access is restricted due to lack of support from a male relative. In rural areas, this is especially crucial for access to land, which can provide the basis for women\u2019s livelihoods and which often determines their ability to access credit and take-out loans. For example, where DDR processes link to land titling, they should encourage shared titling between male and female heads of households. In addition, DDR practitioners should ensure that employment opportunities and necessary skills training are available for girls and women in natural resource sectors, including non-traditional women\u2019s jobs. Moreover, DDR practitioners should also ensure that women are part of any decision-making processes related to natural resources and that their voices are heard in planning, programmatic decisions and prioritization of policy.In cases where access to natural resources for livelihoods has put women and girls at higher risk of SGBV, special care must be taken to establish safe and secure access to these resources, or a safe and secure alternative. Awareness and training of security forces may be appropriate for this, as well as negotiated safe spaces for women and girls to use to cultivate or gather natural resources that they rely on. DDR practitioners should ensure that these considerations are included in DDR assessments so that the safety and security risks to women and girls from accessing natural resources are minimized during the DDR process and beyond. For more guidance, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1430, "Sentence":"Moreover, DDR practitioners should also ensure that women are part of any decision-making processes related to natural resources and that their voices are heard in planning, programmatic decisions and prioritization of policy.In cases where access to natural resources for livelihoods has put women and girls at higher risk of SGBV, special care must be taken to establish safe and secure access to these resources, or a safe and secure alternative.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources moreover ddr practitioner also ensure woman part decisionmaking process related natural resource voice heard planning programmatic decision prioritization policy.in case access natural resource livelihood put woman girl higher risk sgbv special care must taken establish safe secure access resource safe secure alternative ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.2 Women and girls", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Women and girls often directly manage communal natural resources for their livelihoods and provide for the food security of their families (e.g., through the direct cultivation of land and the collection of water, fodder, herbs, firewood, etc.). However, they often lack tenure or official rights to the natural resources they rely on, or may have access to communal resources that are not recognized (or upheld if they are recognized) in local or national laws. DDR practitioners should pay special attention to ensuring that women are able to access natural resources especially in situations where this access is restricted due to lack of support from a male relative. In rural areas, this is especially crucial for access to land, which can provide the basis for women\u2019s livelihoods and which often determines their ability to access credit and take-out loans. For example, where DDR processes link to land titling, they should encourage shared titling between male and female heads of households. In addition, DDR practitioners should ensure that employment opportunities and necessary skills training are available for girls and women in natural resource sectors, including non-traditional women\u2019s jobs. Moreover, DDR practitioners should also ensure that women are part of any decision-making processes related to natural resources and that their voices are heard in planning, programmatic decisions and prioritization of policy.In cases where access to natural resources for livelihoods has put women and girls at higher risk of SGBV, special care must be taken to establish safe and secure access to these resources, or a safe and secure alternative. Awareness and training of security forces may be appropriate for this, as well as negotiated safe spaces for women and girls to use to cultivate or gather natural resources that they rely on. DDR practitioners should ensure that these considerations are included in DDR assessments so that the safety and security risks to women and girls from accessing natural resources are minimized during the DDR process and beyond. For more guidance, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1430, "Sentence":"Awareness and training of security forces may be appropriate for this, as well as negotiated safe spaces for women and girls to use to cultivate or gather natural resources that they rely on.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources awareness training security force may appropriate well negotiated safe space woman girl use cultivate gather natural resource rely ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.2 Women and girls", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Women and girls often directly manage communal natural resources for their livelihoods and provide for the food security of their families (e.g., through the direct cultivation of land and the collection of water, fodder, herbs, firewood, etc.). However, they often lack tenure or official rights to the natural resources they rely on, or may have access to communal resources that are not recognized (or upheld if they are recognized) in local or national laws. DDR practitioners should pay special attention to ensuring that women are able to access natural resources especially in situations where this access is restricted due to lack of support from a male relative. In rural areas, this is especially crucial for access to land, which can provide the basis for women\u2019s livelihoods and which often determines their ability to access credit and take-out loans. For example, where DDR processes link to land titling, they should encourage shared titling between male and female heads of households. In addition, DDR practitioners should ensure that employment opportunities and necessary skills training are available for girls and women in natural resource sectors, including non-traditional women\u2019s jobs. Moreover, DDR practitioners should also ensure that women are part of any decision-making processes related to natural resources and that their voices are heard in planning, programmatic decisions and prioritization of policy.In cases where access to natural resources for livelihoods has put women and girls at higher risk of SGBV, special care must be taken to establish safe and secure access to these resources, or a safe and secure alternative. Awareness and training of security forces may be appropriate for this, as well as negotiated safe spaces for women and girls to use to cultivate or gather natural resources that they rely on. DDR practitioners should ensure that these considerations are included in DDR assessments so that the safety and security risks to women and girls from accessing natural resources are minimized during the DDR process and beyond. For more guidance, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1430, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should ensure that these considerations are included in DDR assessments so that the safety and security risks to women and girls from accessing natural resources are minimized during the DDR process and beyond.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner ensure consideration included ddr assessment safety security risk woman girl accessing natural resource minimized ddr process beyond ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.2 Women and girls", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Women and girls often directly manage communal natural resources for their livelihoods and provide for the food security of their families (e.g., through the direct cultivation of land and the collection of water, fodder, herbs, firewood, etc.). However, they often lack tenure or official rights to the natural resources they rely on, or may have access to communal resources that are not recognized (or upheld if they are recognized) in local or national laws. DDR practitioners should pay special attention to ensuring that women are able to access natural resources especially in situations where this access is restricted due to lack of support from a male relative. In rural areas, this is especially crucial for access to land, which can provide the basis for women\u2019s livelihoods and which often determines their ability to access credit and take-out loans. For example, where DDR processes link to land titling, they should encourage shared titling between male and female heads of households. In addition, DDR practitioners should ensure that employment opportunities and necessary skills training are available for girls and women in natural resource sectors, including non-traditional women\u2019s jobs. Moreover, DDR practitioners should also ensure that women are part of any decision-making processes related to natural resources and that their voices are heard in planning, programmatic decisions and prioritization of policy.In cases where access to natural resources for livelihoods has put women and girls at higher risk of SGBV, special care must be taken to establish safe and secure access to these resources, or a safe and secure alternative. Awareness and training of security forces may be appropriate for this, as well as negotiated safe spaces for women and girls to use to cultivate or gather natural resources that they rely on. DDR practitioners should ensure that these considerations are included in DDR assessments so that the safety and security risks to women and girls from accessing natural resources are minimized during the DDR process and beyond. For more guidance, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1430, "Sentence":"For more guidance, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources guidance see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.3 Persons with disabilities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Many DDR participants and beneficiaries will have experienced the onset of one or more physical, sensory, cognitive or psychosocial disabilities during conflict. DDR practitioners should ensure that in all contexts, including those in which natural resources are present, disability-inclusive DDR is integrated into the overall DDR process and is not pursued in a segregated, siloed fashion. Persons with disabilities have many different needs and face different barriers to participation in DDR and in activities involving the natural resources sector. DDR practitioners should identify these barriers and the possibilities for dismantling them when conducting assessments. DDR practitioners should seek expert advice from, and engage in discussions with, organizations of persons with disabilities, relevant NGOs and government line ministries working to promote the rights of persons with disabilities, as outlined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) and Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities (1993).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1431, "Sentence":"Many DDR participants and beneficiaries will have experienced the onset of one or more physical, sensory, cognitive or psychosocial disabilities during conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources many ddr participant beneficiary experienced onset one physical sensory cognitive psychosocial disability conflict ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.3 Persons with disabilities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Many DDR participants and beneficiaries will have experienced the onset of one or more physical, sensory, cognitive or psychosocial disabilities during conflict. DDR practitioners should ensure that in all contexts, including those in which natural resources are present, disability-inclusive DDR is integrated into the overall DDR process and is not pursued in a segregated, siloed fashion. Persons with disabilities have many different needs and face different barriers to participation in DDR and in activities involving the natural resources sector. DDR practitioners should identify these barriers and the possibilities for dismantling them when conducting assessments. DDR practitioners should seek expert advice from, and engage in discussions with, organizations of persons with disabilities, relevant NGOs and government line ministries working to promote the rights of persons with disabilities, as outlined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) and Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities (1993).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1431, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should ensure that in all contexts, including those in which natural resources are present, disability-inclusive DDR is integrated into the overall DDR process and is not pursued in a segregated, siloed fashion.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner ensure context including natural resource present disabilityinclusive ddr integrated overall ddr process pursued segregated siloed fashion ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.3 Persons with disabilities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Many DDR participants and beneficiaries will have experienced the onset of one or more physical, sensory, cognitive or psychosocial disabilities during conflict. DDR practitioners should ensure that in all contexts, including those in which natural resources are present, disability-inclusive DDR is integrated into the overall DDR process and is not pursued in a segregated, siloed fashion. Persons with disabilities have many different needs and face different barriers to participation in DDR and in activities involving the natural resources sector. DDR practitioners should identify these barriers and the possibilities for dismantling them when conducting assessments. DDR practitioners should seek expert advice from, and engage in discussions with, organizations of persons with disabilities, relevant NGOs and government line ministries working to promote the rights of persons with disabilities, as outlined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) and Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities (1993).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1431, "Sentence":"Persons with disabilities have many different needs and face different barriers to participation in DDR and in activities involving the natural resources sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources person disability many different need face different barrier participation ddr activity involving natural resource sector ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.3 Persons with disabilities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Many DDR participants and beneficiaries will have experienced the onset of one or more physical, sensory, cognitive or psychosocial disabilities during conflict. DDR practitioners should ensure that in all contexts, including those in which natural resources are present, disability-inclusive DDR is integrated into the overall DDR process and is not pursued in a segregated, siloed fashion. Persons with disabilities have many different needs and face different barriers to participation in DDR and in activities involving the natural resources sector. DDR practitioners should identify these barriers and the possibilities for dismantling them when conducting assessments. DDR practitioners should seek expert advice from, and engage in discussions with, organizations of persons with disabilities, relevant NGOs and government line ministries working to promote the rights of persons with disabilities, as outlined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) and Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities (1993).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1431, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should identify these barriers and the possibilities for dismantling them when conducting assessments.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner identify barrier possibility dismantling conducting assessment ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.3 Persons with disabilities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Many DDR participants and beneficiaries will have experienced the onset of one or more physical, sensory, cognitive or psychosocial disabilities during conflict. DDR practitioners should ensure that in all contexts, including those in which natural resources are present, disability-inclusive DDR is integrated into the overall DDR process and is not pursued in a segregated, siloed fashion. Persons with disabilities have many different needs and face different barriers to participation in DDR and in activities involving the natural resources sector. DDR practitioners should identify these barriers and the possibilities for dismantling them when conducting assessments. DDR practitioners should seek expert advice from, and engage in discussions with, organizations of persons with disabilities, relevant NGOs and government line ministries working to promote the rights of persons with disabilities, as outlined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) and Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities (1993).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1431, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should seek expert advice from, and engage in discussions with, organizations of persons with disabilities, relevant NGOs and government line ministries working to promote the rights of persons with disabilities, as outlined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) and Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities (1993).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner seek expert advice engage discussion organization person disability relevant ngo government line ministry working promote right person disability outlined united nation convention right person disability 2006 standard rule equalization opportunity person disability 1993 ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.4 Health considerations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Natural resource management can have profound implications on public health. For example, the use of firewood and charcoal for cooking can lead to significant respiratory problems and is a major health concern, particularly for women and children in many countries. Improved access to energy resources, can help to mitigate this (see section 7.3.4). Other key health concerns include waste management and water management, both natural resource management issues that can be addressed through CVR and reintegration programmes. DDR practitioners should include these considerations into assessments and seek to improve health conditions through natural resource management wherever possible. Other areas where health is implicated is related to the deforestation and degradation of land. Pushing the forest frontier can lead to increased exposure of local populations to wildlife that may transmit disease, even leading to the outbreak of pandemics. DDR practitioners should identify areas that have experienced high rates of deforestation and target them for reforestation and other ecosystem rehabilitation activities wherever possible, according to the results of assessments and risk considerations. For further guidance, see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1432, "Sentence":"Natural resource management can have profound implications on public health.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources natural resource management profound implication public health ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.4 Health considerations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Natural resource management can have profound implications on public health. For example, the use of firewood and charcoal for cooking can lead to significant respiratory problems and is a major health concern, particularly for women and children in many countries. Improved access to energy resources, can help to mitigate this (see section 7.3.4). Other key health concerns include waste management and water management, both natural resource management issues that can be addressed through CVR and reintegration programmes. DDR practitioners should include these considerations into assessments and seek to improve health conditions through natural resource management wherever possible. Other areas where health is implicated is related to the deforestation and degradation of land. Pushing the forest frontier can lead to increased exposure of local populations to wildlife that may transmit disease, even leading to the outbreak of pandemics. DDR practitioners should identify areas that have experienced high rates of deforestation and target them for reforestation and other ecosystem rehabilitation activities wherever possible, according to the results of assessments and risk considerations. For further guidance, see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1432, "Sentence":"For example, the use of firewood and charcoal for cooking can lead to significant respiratory problems and is a major health concern, particularly for women and children in many countries.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources example use firewood charcoal cooking lead significant respiratory problem major health concern particularly woman child many country ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.4 Health considerations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Natural resource management can have profound implications on public health. For example, the use of firewood and charcoal for cooking can lead to significant respiratory problems and is a major health concern, particularly for women and children in many countries. Improved access to energy resources, can help to mitigate this (see section 7.3.4). Other key health concerns include waste management and water management, both natural resource management issues that can be addressed through CVR and reintegration programmes. DDR practitioners should include these considerations into assessments and seek to improve health conditions through natural resource management wherever possible. Other areas where health is implicated is related to the deforestation and degradation of land. Pushing the forest frontier can lead to increased exposure of local populations to wildlife that may transmit disease, even leading to the outbreak of pandemics. DDR practitioners should identify areas that have experienced high rates of deforestation and target them for reforestation and other ecosystem rehabilitation activities wherever possible, according to the results of assessments and risk considerations. For further guidance, see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1432, "Sentence":"Improved access to energy resources, can help to mitigate this (see section 7.3.4).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources improved access energy resource help mitigate see section 7.3.4 ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.4 Health considerations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Natural resource management can have profound implications on public health. For example, the use of firewood and charcoal for cooking can lead to significant respiratory problems and is a major health concern, particularly for women and children in many countries. Improved access to energy resources, can help to mitigate this (see section 7.3.4). Other key health concerns include waste management and water management, both natural resource management issues that can be addressed through CVR and reintegration programmes. DDR practitioners should include these considerations into assessments and seek to improve health conditions through natural resource management wherever possible. Other areas where health is implicated is related to the deforestation and degradation of land. Pushing the forest frontier can lead to increased exposure of local populations to wildlife that may transmit disease, even leading to the outbreak of pandemics. DDR practitioners should identify areas that have experienced high rates of deforestation and target them for reforestation and other ecosystem rehabilitation activities wherever possible, according to the results of assessments and risk considerations. For further guidance, see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1432, "Sentence":"Other key health concerns include waste management and water management, both natural resource management issues that can be addressed through CVR and reintegration programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources key health concern include waste management water management natural resource management issue addressed cvr reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.4 Health considerations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Natural resource management can have profound implications on public health. For example, the use of firewood and charcoal for cooking can lead to significant respiratory problems and is a major health concern, particularly for women and children in many countries. Improved access to energy resources, can help to mitigate this (see section 7.3.4). Other key health concerns include waste management and water management, both natural resource management issues that can be addressed through CVR and reintegration programmes. DDR practitioners should include these considerations into assessments and seek to improve health conditions through natural resource management wherever possible. Other areas where health is implicated is related to the deforestation and degradation of land. Pushing the forest frontier can lead to increased exposure of local populations to wildlife that may transmit disease, even leading to the outbreak of pandemics. DDR practitioners should identify areas that have experienced high rates of deforestation and target them for reforestation and other ecosystem rehabilitation activities wherever possible, according to the results of assessments and risk considerations. For further guidance, see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1432, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should include these considerations into assessments and seek to improve health conditions through natural resource management wherever possible.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner include consideration assessment seek improve health condition natural resource management wherever possible ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.4 Health considerations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Natural resource management can have profound implications on public health. For example, the use of firewood and charcoal for cooking can lead to significant respiratory problems and is a major health concern, particularly for women and children in many countries. Improved access to energy resources, can help to mitigate this (see section 7.3.4). Other key health concerns include waste management and water management, both natural resource management issues that can be addressed through CVR and reintegration programmes. DDR practitioners should include these considerations into assessments and seek to improve health conditions through natural resource management wherever possible. Other areas where health is implicated is related to the deforestation and degradation of land. Pushing the forest frontier can lead to increased exposure of local populations to wildlife that may transmit disease, even leading to the outbreak of pandemics. DDR practitioners should identify areas that have experienced high rates of deforestation and target them for reforestation and other ecosystem rehabilitation activities wherever possible, according to the results of assessments and risk considerations. For further guidance, see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1432, "Sentence":"Other areas where health is implicated is related to the deforestation and degradation of land.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources area health implicated related deforestation degradation land ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.4 Health considerations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Natural resource management can have profound implications on public health. For example, the use of firewood and charcoal for cooking can lead to significant respiratory problems and is a major health concern, particularly for women and children in many countries. Improved access to energy resources, can help to mitigate this (see section 7.3.4). Other key health concerns include waste management and water management, both natural resource management issues that can be addressed through CVR and reintegration programmes. DDR practitioners should include these considerations into assessments and seek to improve health conditions through natural resource management wherever possible. Other areas where health is implicated is related to the deforestation and degradation of land. Pushing the forest frontier can lead to increased exposure of local populations to wildlife that may transmit disease, even leading to the outbreak of pandemics. DDR practitioners should identify areas that have experienced high rates of deforestation and target them for reforestation and other ecosystem rehabilitation activities wherever possible, according to the results of assessments and risk considerations. For further guidance, see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1432, "Sentence":"Pushing the forest frontier can lead to increased exposure of local populations to wildlife that may transmit disease, even leading to the outbreak of pandemics.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources pushing forest frontier lead increased exposure local population wildlife may transmit disease even leading outbreak pandemic ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.4 Health considerations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Natural resource management can have profound implications on public health. For example, the use of firewood and charcoal for cooking can lead to significant respiratory problems and is a major health concern, particularly for women and children in many countries. Improved access to energy resources, can help to mitigate this (see section 7.3.4). Other key health concerns include waste management and water management, both natural resource management issues that can be addressed through CVR and reintegration programmes. DDR practitioners should include these considerations into assessments and seek to improve health conditions through natural resource management wherever possible. Other areas where health is implicated is related to the deforestation and degradation of land. Pushing the forest frontier can lead to increased exposure of local populations to wildlife that may transmit disease, even leading to the outbreak of pandemics. DDR practitioners should identify areas that have experienced high rates of deforestation and target them for reforestation and other ecosystem rehabilitation activities wherever possible, according to the results of assessments and risk considerations. For further guidance, see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1432, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should identify areas that have experienced high rates of deforestation and target them for reforestation and other ecosystem rehabilitation activities wherever possible, according to the results of assessments and risk considerations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner identify area experienced high rate deforestation target reforestation ecosystem rehabilitation activity wherever possible according result assessment risk consideration ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.4 Health considerations", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Natural resource management can have profound implications on public health. For example, the use of firewood and charcoal for cooking can lead to significant respiratory problems and is a major health concern, particularly for women and children in many countries. Improved access to energy resources, can help to mitigate this (see section 7.3.4). Other key health concerns include waste management and water management, both natural resource management issues that can be addressed through CVR and reintegration programmes. DDR practitioners should include these considerations into assessments and seek to improve health conditions through natural resource management wherever possible. Other areas where health is implicated is related to the deforestation and degradation of land. Pushing the forest frontier can lead to increased exposure of local populations to wildlife that may transmit disease, even leading to the outbreak of pandemics. DDR practitioners should identify areas that have experienced high rates of deforestation and target them for reforestation and other ecosystem rehabilitation activities wherever possible, according to the results of assessments and risk considerations. For further guidance, see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1432, "Sentence":"For further guidance, see IDDRS 5.70 on Health and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources guidance see iddrs 5.70 health ddr ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.5 Indigenous and tribal peoples and local communities ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Indigenous and tribal peoples and local communities around the world have close traditional and cultural ties to land and other aspects of natural resources. They often have customary forms of managing natural resources that support overall goals of conservation and preservation of natural resources - including for food, medicines and cultural purposes - as a form of management. In many contexts, the rights of indigenous peoples to their land are undermined or under-recognized (or not recognized at all) in national legislation, leading to allocation of these lands through concessions or other acts to private companies or groups seeking to exploit the land for commercial production of agricultural or forest commodities. Their right to free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) may often be undermined or ignored. DDR practitioners should identify where indigenous peoples and local communities have claim to lands that are otherwise subjected to overlapping claims by private or state entities seeking to exploit these lands and once identified, seek to support these groups with access to local civil society and other legal aid groups that can help them to advocate for their lands and resources. DDR practitioners can also ensure that representatives of indigenous groups and local communities are included in natural resource management decision-making at local, national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1433, "Sentence":"Indigenous and tribal peoples and local communities around the world have close traditional and cultural ties to land and other aspects of natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources indigenous tribal people local community around world close traditional cultural tie land aspect natural resource ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.5 Indigenous and tribal peoples and local communities ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Indigenous and tribal peoples and local communities around the world have close traditional and cultural ties to land and other aspects of natural resources. They often have customary forms of managing natural resources that support overall goals of conservation and preservation of natural resources - including for food, medicines and cultural purposes - as a form of management. In many contexts, the rights of indigenous peoples to their land are undermined or under-recognized (or not recognized at all) in national legislation, leading to allocation of these lands through concessions or other acts to private companies or groups seeking to exploit the land for commercial production of agricultural or forest commodities. Their right to free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) may often be undermined or ignored. DDR practitioners should identify where indigenous peoples and local communities have claim to lands that are otherwise subjected to overlapping claims by private or state entities seeking to exploit these lands and once identified, seek to support these groups with access to local civil society and other legal aid groups that can help them to advocate for their lands and resources. DDR practitioners can also ensure that representatives of indigenous groups and local communities are included in natural resource management decision-making at local, national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1433, "Sentence":"They often have customary forms of managing natural resources that support overall goals of conservation and preservation of natural resources - including for food, medicines and cultural purposes - as a form of management.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources often customary form managing natural resource support overall goal conservation preservation natural resource including food medicine cultural purpose form management ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.5 Indigenous and tribal peoples and local communities ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Indigenous and tribal peoples and local communities around the world have close traditional and cultural ties to land and other aspects of natural resources. They often have customary forms of managing natural resources that support overall goals of conservation and preservation of natural resources - including for food, medicines and cultural purposes - as a form of management. In many contexts, the rights of indigenous peoples to their land are undermined or under-recognized (or not recognized at all) in national legislation, leading to allocation of these lands through concessions or other acts to private companies or groups seeking to exploit the land for commercial production of agricultural or forest commodities. Their right to free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) may often be undermined or ignored. DDR practitioners should identify where indigenous peoples and local communities have claim to lands that are otherwise subjected to overlapping claims by private or state entities seeking to exploit these lands and once identified, seek to support these groups with access to local civil society and other legal aid groups that can help them to advocate for their lands and resources. DDR practitioners can also ensure that representatives of indigenous groups and local communities are included in natural resource management decision-making at local, national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1433, "Sentence":"In many contexts, the rights of indigenous peoples to their land are undermined or under-recognized (or not recognized at all) in national legislation, leading to allocation of these lands through concessions or other acts to private companies or groups seeking to exploit the land for commercial production of agricultural or forest commodities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources many context right indigenous people land undermined underrecognized recognized national legislation leading allocation land concession act private company group seeking exploit land commercial production agricultural forest commodity ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.5 Indigenous and tribal peoples and local communities ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Indigenous and tribal peoples and local communities around the world have close traditional and cultural ties to land and other aspects of natural resources. They often have customary forms of managing natural resources that support overall goals of conservation and preservation of natural resources - including for food, medicines and cultural purposes - as a form of management. In many contexts, the rights of indigenous peoples to their land are undermined or under-recognized (or not recognized at all) in national legislation, leading to allocation of these lands through concessions or other acts to private companies or groups seeking to exploit the land for commercial production of agricultural or forest commodities. Their right to free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) may often be undermined or ignored. DDR practitioners should identify where indigenous peoples and local communities have claim to lands that are otherwise subjected to overlapping claims by private or state entities seeking to exploit these lands and once identified, seek to support these groups with access to local civil society and other legal aid groups that can help them to advocate for their lands and resources. DDR practitioners can also ensure that representatives of indigenous groups and local communities are included in natural resource management decision-making at local, national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1433, "Sentence":"Their right to free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) may often be undermined or ignored.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources right free prior informed consent fpic may often undermined ignored ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.5 Indigenous and tribal peoples and local communities ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Indigenous and tribal peoples and local communities around the world have close traditional and cultural ties to land and other aspects of natural resources. They often have customary forms of managing natural resources that support overall goals of conservation and preservation of natural resources - including for food, medicines and cultural purposes - as a form of management. In many contexts, the rights of indigenous peoples to their land are undermined or under-recognized (or not recognized at all) in national legislation, leading to allocation of these lands through concessions or other acts to private companies or groups seeking to exploit the land for commercial production of agricultural or forest commodities. Their right to free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) may often be undermined or ignored. DDR practitioners should identify where indigenous peoples and local communities have claim to lands that are otherwise subjected to overlapping claims by private or state entities seeking to exploit these lands and once identified, seek to support these groups with access to local civil society and other legal aid groups that can help them to advocate for their lands and resources. DDR practitioners can also ensure that representatives of indigenous groups and local communities are included in natural resource management decision-making at local, national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1433, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should identify where indigenous peoples and local communities have claim to lands that are otherwise subjected to overlapping claims by private or state entities seeking to exploit these lands and once identified, seek to support these groups with access to local civil society and other legal aid groups that can help them to advocate for their lands and resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner identify indigenous people local community claim land otherwise subjected overlapping claim private state entity seeking exploit land identified seek support group access local civil society legal aid group help advocate land resource ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.2 Specific-needs groups and cross-cutting issues", "Heading3":"6.2.5 Indigenous and tribal peoples and local communities ", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Indigenous and tribal peoples and local communities around the world have close traditional and cultural ties to land and other aspects of natural resources. They often have customary forms of managing natural resources that support overall goals of conservation and preservation of natural resources - including for food, medicines and cultural purposes - as a form of management. In many contexts, the rights of indigenous peoples to their land are undermined or under-recognized (or not recognized at all) in national legislation, leading to allocation of these lands through concessions or other acts to private companies or groups seeking to exploit the land for commercial production of agricultural or forest commodities. Their right to free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) may often be undermined or ignored. DDR practitioners should identify where indigenous peoples and local communities have claim to lands that are otherwise subjected to overlapping claims by private or state entities seeking to exploit these lands and once identified, seek to support these groups with access to local civil society and other legal aid groups that can help them to advocate for their lands and resources. DDR practitioners can also ensure that representatives of indigenous groups and local communities are included in natural resource management decision-making at local, national and regional levels.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1433, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners can also ensure that representatives of indigenous groups and local communities are included in natural resource management decision-making at local, national and regional levels.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner also ensure representative indigenous group local community included natural resource management decisionmaking local national regional level ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Following the abovementioned assessments, DDR practitioners shall develop an inclusive and gender-responsive risk management approach to implementation. The table below includes a comprehensive set of risk factors related to natural resources to assist DDR practitioners when navigating and mitigating risks.In some cases, there may be systems in place to mitigate against the risk of the exploitation of natural resources by armed forces and groups as well as organized criminal groups. These measures are often implemented by the UN (e.g., sanctions) but will implicate other actors as well, especially when the natural resources in question are traded in global markets and end up in products placed in consumer markets with protections in place against trade in conflict resources. DDR practitioners shall avoid being seen as supporting individuals or armed forces and groups that are targeted by sanctions or other regimes and work closely with national and international authorities.Depending on the context, different types of natural resources will be a risk factors for DDR practitioners. In almost all cases, land will be a risk factor that can drive grievances, while also being essential to kick-starting rural economies and for the agricultural sector. Other natural resources, including agricultural commodities (\u201csoft commodities\u201d) or extractive resources (\u201chard commodities\u201d) will come into play based on the nature of the context. Once identified through assessments, DDR practitioners should further analyse the nature of the risk based on the natural resource sectors present in the particular context, as well as the opportunities to create employment through the sector. For each of the sectors identified in the table below, DDR practitioners should note the particular risk and seek expertise to implement mitigating factors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1434, "Sentence":"Following the abovementioned assessments, DDR practitioners shall develop an inclusive and gender-responsive risk management approach to implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources following abovementioned assessment ddr practitioner shall develop inclusive genderresponsive risk management approach implementation ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Following the abovementioned assessments, DDR practitioners shall develop an inclusive and gender-responsive risk management approach to implementation. The table below includes a comprehensive set of risk factors related to natural resources to assist DDR practitioners when navigating and mitigating risks.In some cases, there may be systems in place to mitigate against the risk of the exploitation of natural resources by armed forces and groups as well as organized criminal groups. These measures are often implemented by the UN (e.g., sanctions) but will implicate other actors as well, especially when the natural resources in question are traded in global markets and end up in products placed in consumer markets with protections in place against trade in conflict resources. DDR practitioners shall avoid being seen as supporting individuals or armed forces and groups that are targeted by sanctions or other regimes and work closely with national and international authorities.Depending on the context, different types of natural resources will be a risk factors for DDR practitioners. In almost all cases, land will be a risk factor that can drive grievances, while also being essential to kick-starting rural economies and for the agricultural sector. Other natural resources, including agricultural commodities (\u201csoft commodities\u201d) or extractive resources (\u201chard commodities\u201d) will come into play based on the nature of the context. Once identified through assessments, DDR practitioners should further analyse the nature of the risk based on the natural resource sectors present in the particular context, as well as the opportunities to create employment through the sector. For each of the sectors identified in the table below, DDR practitioners should note the particular risk and seek expertise to implement mitigating factors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1434, "Sentence":"The table below includes a comprehensive set of risk factors related to natural resources to assist DDR practitioners when navigating and mitigating risks.In some cases, there may be systems in place to mitigate against the risk of the exploitation of natural resources by armed forces and groups as well as organized criminal groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources table includes comprehensive set risk factor related natural resource assist ddr practitioner navigating mitigating risks.in case may system place mitigate risk exploitation natural resource armed force group well organized criminal group ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Following the abovementioned assessments, DDR practitioners shall develop an inclusive and gender-responsive risk management approach to implementation. The table below includes a comprehensive set of risk factors related to natural resources to assist DDR practitioners when navigating and mitigating risks.In some cases, there may be systems in place to mitigate against the risk of the exploitation of natural resources by armed forces and groups as well as organized criminal groups. These measures are often implemented by the UN (e.g., sanctions) but will implicate other actors as well, especially when the natural resources in question are traded in global markets and end up in products placed in consumer markets with protections in place against trade in conflict resources. DDR practitioners shall avoid being seen as supporting individuals or armed forces and groups that are targeted by sanctions or other regimes and work closely with national and international authorities.Depending on the context, different types of natural resources will be a risk factors for DDR practitioners. In almost all cases, land will be a risk factor that can drive grievances, while also being essential to kick-starting rural economies and for the agricultural sector. Other natural resources, including agricultural commodities (\u201csoft commodities\u201d) or extractive resources (\u201chard commodities\u201d) will come into play based on the nature of the context. Once identified through assessments, DDR practitioners should further analyse the nature of the risk based on the natural resource sectors present in the particular context, as well as the opportunities to create employment through the sector. For each of the sectors identified in the table below, DDR practitioners should note the particular risk and seek expertise to implement mitigating factors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1434, "Sentence":"These measures are often implemented by the UN (e.g., sanctions) but will implicate other actors as well, especially when the natural resources in question are traded in global markets and end up in products placed in consumer markets with protections in place against trade in conflict resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources measure often implemented un e.g . sanction implicate actor well especially natural resource question traded global market end product placed consumer market protection place trade conflict resource ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Following the abovementioned assessments, DDR practitioners shall develop an inclusive and gender-responsive risk management approach to implementation. The table below includes a comprehensive set of risk factors related to natural resources to assist DDR practitioners when navigating and mitigating risks.In some cases, there may be systems in place to mitigate against the risk of the exploitation of natural resources by armed forces and groups as well as organized criminal groups. These measures are often implemented by the UN (e.g., sanctions) but will implicate other actors as well, especially when the natural resources in question are traded in global markets and end up in products placed in consumer markets with protections in place against trade in conflict resources. DDR practitioners shall avoid being seen as supporting individuals or armed forces and groups that are targeted by sanctions or other regimes and work closely with national and international authorities.Depending on the context, different types of natural resources will be a risk factors for DDR practitioners. In almost all cases, land will be a risk factor that can drive grievances, while also being essential to kick-starting rural economies and for the agricultural sector. Other natural resources, including agricultural commodities (\u201csoft commodities\u201d) or extractive resources (\u201chard commodities\u201d) will come into play based on the nature of the context. Once identified through assessments, DDR practitioners should further analyse the nature of the risk based on the natural resource sectors present in the particular context, as well as the opportunities to create employment through the sector. For each of the sectors identified in the table below, DDR practitioners should note the particular risk and seek expertise to implement mitigating factors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1434, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall avoid being seen as supporting individuals or armed forces and groups that are targeted by sanctions or other regimes and work closely with national and international authorities.Depending on the context, different types of natural resources will be a risk factors for DDR practitioners.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner shall avoid seen supporting individual armed force group targeted sanction regime work closely national international authorities.depending context different type natural resource risk factor ddr practitioner ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Following the abovementioned assessments, DDR practitioners shall develop an inclusive and gender-responsive risk management approach to implementation. The table below includes a comprehensive set of risk factors related to natural resources to assist DDR practitioners when navigating and mitigating risks.In some cases, there may be systems in place to mitigate against the risk of the exploitation of natural resources by armed forces and groups as well as organized criminal groups. These measures are often implemented by the UN (e.g., sanctions) but will implicate other actors as well, especially when the natural resources in question are traded in global markets and end up in products placed in consumer markets with protections in place against trade in conflict resources. DDR practitioners shall avoid being seen as supporting individuals or armed forces and groups that are targeted by sanctions or other regimes and work closely with national and international authorities.Depending on the context, different types of natural resources will be a risk factors for DDR practitioners. In almost all cases, land will be a risk factor that can drive grievances, while also being essential to kick-starting rural economies and for the agricultural sector. Other natural resources, including agricultural commodities (\u201csoft commodities\u201d) or extractive resources (\u201chard commodities\u201d) will come into play based on the nature of the context. Once identified through assessments, DDR practitioners should further analyse the nature of the risk based on the natural resource sectors present in the particular context, as well as the opportunities to create employment through the sector. For each of the sectors identified in the table below, DDR practitioners should note the particular risk and seek expertise to implement mitigating factors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1434, "Sentence":"In almost all cases, land will be a risk factor that can drive grievances, while also being essential to kick-starting rural economies and for the agricultural sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources almost case land risk factor drive grievance also essential kickstarting rural economy agricultural sector ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Following the abovementioned assessments, DDR practitioners shall develop an inclusive and gender-responsive risk management approach to implementation. The table below includes a comprehensive set of risk factors related to natural resources to assist DDR practitioners when navigating and mitigating risks.In some cases, there may be systems in place to mitigate against the risk of the exploitation of natural resources by armed forces and groups as well as organized criminal groups. These measures are often implemented by the UN (e.g., sanctions) but will implicate other actors as well, especially when the natural resources in question are traded in global markets and end up in products placed in consumer markets with protections in place against trade in conflict resources. DDR practitioners shall avoid being seen as supporting individuals or armed forces and groups that are targeted by sanctions or other regimes and work closely with national and international authorities.Depending on the context, different types of natural resources will be a risk factors for DDR practitioners. In almost all cases, land will be a risk factor that can drive grievances, while also being essential to kick-starting rural economies and for the agricultural sector. Other natural resources, including agricultural commodities (\u201csoft commodities\u201d) or extractive resources (\u201chard commodities\u201d) will come into play based on the nature of the context. Once identified through assessments, DDR practitioners should further analyse the nature of the risk based on the natural resource sectors present in the particular context, as well as the opportunities to create employment through the sector. For each of the sectors identified in the table below, DDR practitioners should note the particular risk and seek expertise to implement mitigating factors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1434, "Sentence":"Other natural resources, including agricultural commodities (\u201csoft commodities\u201d) or extractive resources (\u201chard commodities\u201d) will come into play based on the nature of the context.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources natural resource including agricultural commodity \u201c soft commodity \u201d extractive resource \u201c hard commodity \u201d come play based nature context ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Following the abovementioned assessments, DDR practitioners shall develop an inclusive and gender-responsive risk management approach to implementation. The table below includes a comprehensive set of risk factors related to natural resources to assist DDR practitioners when navigating and mitigating risks.In some cases, there may be systems in place to mitigate against the risk of the exploitation of natural resources by armed forces and groups as well as organized criminal groups. These measures are often implemented by the UN (e.g., sanctions) but will implicate other actors as well, especially when the natural resources in question are traded in global markets and end up in products placed in consumer markets with protections in place against trade in conflict resources. DDR practitioners shall avoid being seen as supporting individuals or armed forces and groups that are targeted by sanctions or other regimes and work closely with national and international authorities.Depending on the context, different types of natural resources will be a risk factors for DDR practitioners. In almost all cases, land will be a risk factor that can drive grievances, while also being essential to kick-starting rural economies and for the agricultural sector. Other natural resources, including agricultural commodities (\u201csoft commodities\u201d) or extractive resources (\u201chard commodities\u201d) will come into play based on the nature of the context. Once identified through assessments, DDR practitioners should further analyse the nature of the risk based on the natural resource sectors present in the particular context, as well as the opportunities to create employment through the sector. For each of the sectors identified in the table below, DDR practitioners should note the particular risk and seek expertise to implement mitigating factors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1434, "Sentence":"Once identified through assessments, DDR practitioners should further analyse the nature of the risk based on the natural resource sectors present in the particular context, as well as the opportunities to create employment through the sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources identified assessment ddr practitioner analyse nature risk based natural resource sector present particular context well opportunity create employment sector ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"6. DDR and natural resources: planning considerations", "Heading2":"6.3 Risk management and implementation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Following the abovementioned assessments, DDR practitioners shall develop an inclusive and gender-responsive risk management approach to implementation. The table below includes a comprehensive set of risk factors related to natural resources to assist DDR practitioners when navigating and mitigating risks.In some cases, there may be systems in place to mitigate against the risk of the exploitation of natural resources by armed forces and groups as well as organized criminal groups. These measures are often implemented by the UN (e.g., sanctions) but will implicate other actors as well, especially when the natural resources in question are traded in global markets and end up in products placed in consumer markets with protections in place against trade in conflict resources. DDR practitioners shall avoid being seen as supporting individuals or armed forces and groups that are targeted by sanctions or other regimes and work closely with national and international authorities.Depending on the context, different types of natural resources will be a risk factors for DDR practitioners. In almost all cases, land will be a risk factor that can drive grievances, while also being essential to kick-starting rural economies and for the agricultural sector. Other natural resources, including agricultural commodities (\u201csoft commodities\u201d) or extractive resources (\u201chard commodities\u201d) will come into play based on the nature of the context. Once identified through assessments, DDR practitioners should further analyse the nature of the risk based on the natural resource sectors present in the particular context, as well as the opportunities to create employment through the sector. For each of the sectors identified in the table below, DDR practitioners should note the particular risk and seek expertise to implement mitigating factors.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1434, "Sentence":"For each of the sectors identified in the table below, DDR practitioners should note the particular risk and seek expertise to implement mitigating factors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources sector identified table ddr practitioner note particular risk seek expertise implement mitigating factor ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"To incorporate natural resources into the design and implementation of DDR programmes, DDR practitioners should ensure that technical capacities on natural resource issues exist in support of DDR, within DDR teams or national DDR structures (i.e., national government and military structures where appropriate) and\/or are made available through partnerships with relevant institutions or partners, including representatives of indigenous peoples and local communities, or other civil society groups with relevant expertise pertaining to the land and natural resources in question. This may be done through the secondment of experts, providing training on natural resources and through consulting local partners and civil society groups with relevant expertise.During the programme development phase, risks and opportunities identified as part of the assessment and risk management process should be factored into the overall strategy for the programme. This can be accomplished by working closely with government institutions and relevant line ministries responsible for agriculture, land distribution, forestry, fisheries, minerals and water, as well as civil society, relevant NGOs and the local and international private sector, where appropriate. DDR practitioners should ensure that all major risks for health, livelihoods and infrastructure, as well as disaster-related vulnerabilities of local communities, are identified and addressed in programme design and implementation, including for specific-needs groups. This is especially important for extractive industries such as mining, as well as forestry21 and agriculture, where government contracts and concessions that are being negotiated will impact local areas and communities, or where the extraction or production of the resources can result in pollution or contamination of basic life resources (such as soils, air and water). Private sector entities are increasingly pressured to conform to due diligence and transparency standards that seek to uphold human rights, labour rights and sustainable development principles and DDR practitioners can leverage this to increase their cooperation. Local traditional knowledge about natural resource management should also be sought and built into the DDR programme as much as possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1435, "Sentence":"To incorporate natural resources into the design and implementation of DDR programmes, DDR practitioners should ensure that technical capacities on natural resource issues exist in support of DDR, within DDR teams or national DDR structures (i.e., national government and military structures where appropriate) and\/or are made available through partnerships with relevant institutions or partners, including representatives of indigenous peoples and local communities, or other civil society groups with relevant expertise pertaining to the land and natural resources in question.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources incorporate natural resource design implementation ddr programme ddr practitioner ensure technical capacity natural resource issue exist support ddr within ddr team national ddr structure i.e . national government military structure appropriate and\/or made available partnership relevant institution partner including representative indigenous people local community civil society group relevant expertise pertaining land natural resource question ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"To incorporate natural resources into the design and implementation of DDR programmes, DDR practitioners should ensure that technical capacities on natural resource issues exist in support of DDR, within DDR teams or national DDR structures (i.e., national government and military structures where appropriate) and\/or are made available through partnerships with relevant institutions or partners, including representatives of indigenous peoples and local communities, or other civil society groups with relevant expertise pertaining to the land and natural resources in question. This may be done through the secondment of experts, providing training on natural resources and through consulting local partners and civil society groups with relevant expertise.During the programme development phase, risks and opportunities identified as part of the assessment and risk management process should be factored into the overall strategy for the programme. This can be accomplished by working closely with government institutions and relevant line ministries responsible for agriculture, land distribution, forestry, fisheries, minerals and water, as well as civil society, relevant NGOs and the local and international private sector, where appropriate. DDR practitioners should ensure that all major risks for health, livelihoods and infrastructure, as well as disaster-related vulnerabilities of local communities, are identified and addressed in programme design and implementation, including for specific-needs groups. This is especially important for extractive industries such as mining, as well as forestry21 and agriculture, where government contracts and concessions that are being negotiated will impact local areas and communities, or where the extraction or production of the resources can result in pollution or contamination of basic life resources (such as soils, air and water). Private sector entities are increasingly pressured to conform to due diligence and transparency standards that seek to uphold human rights, labour rights and sustainable development principles and DDR practitioners can leverage this to increase their cooperation. Local traditional knowledge about natural resource management should also be sought and built into the DDR programme as much as possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1435, "Sentence":"This may be done through the secondment of experts, providing training on natural resources and through consulting local partners and civil society groups with relevant expertise.During the programme development phase, risks and opportunities identified as part of the assessment and risk management process should be factored into the overall strategy for the programme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources may done secondment expert providing training natural resource consulting local partner civil society group relevant expertise.during programme development phase risk opportunity identified part assessment risk management process factored overall strategy programme ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"To incorporate natural resources into the design and implementation of DDR programmes, DDR practitioners should ensure that technical capacities on natural resource issues exist in support of DDR, within DDR teams or national DDR structures (i.e., national government and military structures where appropriate) and\/or are made available through partnerships with relevant institutions or partners, including representatives of indigenous peoples and local communities, or other civil society groups with relevant expertise pertaining to the land and natural resources in question. This may be done through the secondment of experts, providing training on natural resources and through consulting local partners and civil society groups with relevant expertise.During the programme development phase, risks and opportunities identified as part of the assessment and risk management process should be factored into the overall strategy for the programme. This can be accomplished by working closely with government institutions and relevant line ministries responsible for agriculture, land distribution, forestry, fisheries, minerals and water, as well as civil society, relevant NGOs and the local and international private sector, where appropriate. DDR practitioners should ensure that all major risks for health, livelihoods and infrastructure, as well as disaster-related vulnerabilities of local communities, are identified and addressed in programme design and implementation, including for specific-needs groups. This is especially important for extractive industries such as mining, as well as forestry21 and agriculture, where government contracts and concessions that are being negotiated will impact local areas and communities, or where the extraction or production of the resources can result in pollution or contamination of basic life resources (such as soils, air and water). Private sector entities are increasingly pressured to conform to due diligence and transparency standards that seek to uphold human rights, labour rights and sustainable development principles and DDR practitioners can leverage this to increase their cooperation. Local traditional knowledge about natural resource management should also be sought and built into the DDR programme as much as possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1435, "Sentence":"This can be accomplished by working closely with government institutions and relevant line ministries responsible for agriculture, land distribution, forestry, fisheries, minerals and water, as well as civil society, relevant NGOs and the local and international private sector, where appropriate.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources accomplished working closely government institution relevant line ministry responsible agriculture land distribution forestry fishery mineral water well civil society relevant ngo local international private sector appropriate ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"To incorporate natural resources into the design and implementation of DDR programmes, DDR practitioners should ensure that technical capacities on natural resource issues exist in support of DDR, within DDR teams or national DDR structures (i.e., national government and military structures where appropriate) and\/or are made available through partnerships with relevant institutions or partners, including representatives of indigenous peoples and local communities, or other civil society groups with relevant expertise pertaining to the land and natural resources in question. This may be done through the secondment of experts, providing training on natural resources and through consulting local partners and civil society groups with relevant expertise.During the programme development phase, risks and opportunities identified as part of the assessment and risk management process should be factored into the overall strategy for the programme. This can be accomplished by working closely with government institutions and relevant line ministries responsible for agriculture, land distribution, forestry, fisheries, minerals and water, as well as civil society, relevant NGOs and the local and international private sector, where appropriate. DDR practitioners should ensure that all major risks for health, livelihoods and infrastructure, as well as disaster-related vulnerabilities of local communities, are identified and addressed in programme design and implementation, including for specific-needs groups. This is especially important for extractive industries such as mining, as well as forestry21 and agriculture, where government contracts and concessions that are being negotiated will impact local areas and communities, or where the extraction or production of the resources can result in pollution or contamination of basic life resources (such as soils, air and water). Private sector entities are increasingly pressured to conform to due diligence and transparency standards that seek to uphold human rights, labour rights and sustainable development principles and DDR practitioners can leverage this to increase their cooperation. Local traditional knowledge about natural resource management should also be sought and built into the DDR programme as much as possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1435, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should ensure that all major risks for health, livelihoods and infrastructure, as well as disaster-related vulnerabilities of local communities, are identified and addressed in programme design and implementation, including for specific-needs groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner ensure major risk health livelihood infrastructure well disasterrelated vulnerability local community identified addressed programme design implementation including specificneeds group ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"To incorporate natural resources into the design and implementation of DDR programmes, DDR practitioners should ensure that technical capacities on natural resource issues exist in support of DDR, within DDR teams or national DDR structures (i.e., national government and military structures where appropriate) and\/or are made available through partnerships with relevant institutions or partners, including representatives of indigenous peoples and local communities, or other civil society groups with relevant expertise pertaining to the land and natural resources in question. This may be done through the secondment of experts, providing training on natural resources and through consulting local partners and civil society groups with relevant expertise.During the programme development phase, risks and opportunities identified as part of the assessment and risk management process should be factored into the overall strategy for the programme. This can be accomplished by working closely with government institutions and relevant line ministries responsible for agriculture, land distribution, forestry, fisheries, minerals and water, as well as civil society, relevant NGOs and the local and international private sector, where appropriate. DDR practitioners should ensure that all major risks for health, livelihoods and infrastructure, as well as disaster-related vulnerabilities of local communities, are identified and addressed in programme design and implementation, including for specific-needs groups. This is especially important for extractive industries such as mining, as well as forestry21 and agriculture, where government contracts and concessions that are being negotiated will impact local areas and communities, or where the extraction or production of the resources can result in pollution or contamination of basic life resources (such as soils, air and water). Private sector entities are increasingly pressured to conform to due diligence and transparency standards that seek to uphold human rights, labour rights and sustainable development principles and DDR practitioners can leverage this to increase their cooperation. Local traditional knowledge about natural resource management should also be sought and built into the DDR programme as much as possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1435, "Sentence":"This is especially important for extractive industries such as mining, as well as forestry21 and agriculture, where government contracts and concessions that are being negotiated will impact local areas and communities, or where the extraction or production of the resources can result in pollution or contamination of basic life resources (such as soils, air and water).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources especially important extractive industry mining well forestry21 agriculture government contract concession negotiated impact local area community extraction production resource result pollution contamination basic life resource soil air water ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"To incorporate natural resources into the design and implementation of DDR programmes, DDR practitioners should ensure that technical capacities on natural resource issues exist in support of DDR, within DDR teams or national DDR structures (i.e., national government and military structures where appropriate) and\/or are made available through partnerships with relevant institutions or partners, including representatives of indigenous peoples and local communities, or other civil society groups with relevant expertise pertaining to the land and natural resources in question. This may be done through the secondment of experts, providing training on natural resources and through consulting local partners and civil society groups with relevant expertise.During the programme development phase, risks and opportunities identified as part of the assessment and risk management process should be factored into the overall strategy for the programme. This can be accomplished by working closely with government institutions and relevant line ministries responsible for agriculture, land distribution, forestry, fisheries, minerals and water, as well as civil society, relevant NGOs and the local and international private sector, where appropriate. DDR practitioners should ensure that all major risks for health, livelihoods and infrastructure, as well as disaster-related vulnerabilities of local communities, are identified and addressed in programme design and implementation, including for specific-needs groups. This is especially important for extractive industries such as mining, as well as forestry21 and agriculture, where government contracts and concessions that are being negotiated will impact local areas and communities, or where the extraction or production of the resources can result in pollution or contamination of basic life resources (such as soils, air and water). Private sector entities are increasingly pressured to conform to due diligence and transparency standards that seek to uphold human rights, labour rights and sustainable development principles and DDR practitioners can leverage this to increase their cooperation. Local traditional knowledge about natural resource management should also be sought and built into the DDR programme as much as possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1435, "Sentence":"Private sector entities are increasingly pressured to conform to due diligence and transparency standards that seek to uphold human rights, labour rights and sustainable development principles and DDR practitioners can leverage this to increase their cooperation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources private sector entity increasingly pressured conform due diligence transparency standard seek uphold human right labour right sustainable development principle ddr practitioner leverage increase cooperation ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"To incorporate natural resources into the design and implementation of DDR programmes, DDR practitioners should ensure that technical capacities on natural resource issues exist in support of DDR, within DDR teams or national DDR structures (i.e., national government and military structures where appropriate) and\/or are made available through partnerships with relevant institutions or partners, including representatives of indigenous peoples and local communities, or other civil society groups with relevant expertise pertaining to the land and natural resources in question. This may be done through the secondment of experts, providing training on natural resources and through consulting local partners and civil society groups with relevant expertise.During the programme development phase, risks and opportunities identified as part of the assessment and risk management process should be factored into the overall strategy for the programme. This can be accomplished by working closely with government institutions and relevant line ministries responsible for agriculture, land distribution, forestry, fisheries, minerals and water, as well as civil society, relevant NGOs and the local and international private sector, where appropriate. DDR practitioners should ensure that all major risks for health, livelihoods and infrastructure, as well as disaster-related vulnerabilities of local communities, are identified and addressed in programme design and implementation, including for specific-needs groups. This is especially important for extractive industries such as mining, as well as forestry21 and agriculture, where government contracts and concessions that are being negotiated will impact local areas and communities, or where the extraction or production of the resources can result in pollution or contamination of basic life resources (such as soils, air and water). Private sector entities are increasingly pressured to conform to due diligence and transparency standards that seek to uphold human rights, labour rights and sustainable development principles and DDR practitioners can leverage this to increase their cooperation. Local traditional knowledge about natural resource management should also be sought and built into the DDR programme as much as possible.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1435, "Sentence":"Local traditional knowledge about natural resource management should also be sought and built into the DDR programme as much as possible.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources local traditional knowledge natural resource management also sought built ddr programme much possible ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Where the exploitation of natural resources is an entrenched part of the war economy and linked to the activities of armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, natural resources can be leveraged as a means of gaining control over certain territories and accessing weapons and ammunition. The main concern of DDR practitioners will be to support efforts to break the linkages between the flows of natural resources used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition, including by working with actors involved in the implementation and monitoring of sanctions, including the UN Group of Experts, and contributing to strengthening the capacity of the security sector to reduce illicit weapons and ammunition flows. This can be difficult in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such cases, transitional weapons and ammunition management approaches may be needed (see section 8.2).In order to ensure that security objectives are achieved, DDR practitioners should examine the role of natural resources in the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and how weapons and ammunition result in control over natural resources and access to the revenues from their trade. DDR practitioners should collaborate with relevant interagency stakeholders to ensure that natural resources are no longer used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition for armed groups undergoing disarmament and demobilization or by individual combatants being disarmed and demobilized. When planning the destruction of weapons and ammunition, DDR practitioners should consider the environmental impact of the planned destruction. For further guidance on disarmament, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.Disarmament: Key questions \\n - How are weapons and ammunition being acquired? Are natural resource exploited to finance this? \\n - What steps can be taken to prevent the trade and trafficking of natural resources by armed forces and groups and\/or by organized criminal groups? \\n - In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of trafficked weapons in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and save lives? \\n - How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or conflict? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n - How can DDR programmes address the presence of children associated with armed forces and groups whom may have been used in the exploitation of natural resources? \\n - To what extent would the removal of weapons jeopardize security and economic opportunities for male and female ex-combatants and communities, including land tenure and access to critical livelihoods resources? \\n - When disarmament is currently impossible, can DDR related tools, such as transitional WAM be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the relinquishment of weapons? \\n - Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities? \\n - Is there evidence of armed forces engaging in criminal activities related to natural resources, including illicit trafficking of natural resources, related crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious human rights violations, and what are the risks of incorporating weapons and ammunition collected during disarmament into national stockpiles?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1436, "Sentence":"Where the exploitation of natural resources is an entrenched part of the war economy and linked to the activities of armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, natural resources can be leveraged as a means of gaining control over certain territories and accessing weapons and ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources exploitation natural resource entrenched part war economy linked activity armed force group well organized criminal group natural resource leveraged mean gaining control certain territory accessing weapon ammunition ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Where the exploitation of natural resources is an entrenched part of the war economy and linked to the activities of armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, natural resources can be leveraged as a means of gaining control over certain territories and accessing weapons and ammunition. The main concern of DDR practitioners will be to support efforts to break the linkages between the flows of natural resources used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition, including by working with actors involved in the implementation and monitoring of sanctions, including the UN Group of Experts, and contributing to strengthening the capacity of the security sector to reduce illicit weapons and ammunition flows. This can be difficult in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such cases, transitional weapons and ammunition management approaches may be needed (see section 8.2).In order to ensure that security objectives are achieved, DDR practitioners should examine the role of natural resources in the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and how weapons and ammunition result in control over natural resources and access to the revenues from their trade. DDR practitioners should collaborate with relevant interagency stakeholders to ensure that natural resources are no longer used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition for armed groups undergoing disarmament and demobilization or by individual combatants being disarmed and demobilized. When planning the destruction of weapons and ammunition, DDR practitioners should consider the environmental impact of the planned destruction. For further guidance on disarmament, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.Disarmament: Key questions \\n - How are weapons and ammunition being acquired? Are natural resource exploited to finance this? \\n - What steps can be taken to prevent the trade and trafficking of natural resources by armed forces and groups and\/or by organized criminal groups? \\n - In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of trafficked weapons in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and save lives? \\n - How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or conflict? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n - How can DDR programmes address the presence of children associated with armed forces and groups whom may have been used in the exploitation of natural resources? \\n - To what extent would the removal of weapons jeopardize security and economic opportunities for male and female ex-combatants and communities, including land tenure and access to critical livelihoods resources? \\n - When disarmament is currently impossible, can DDR related tools, such as transitional WAM be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the relinquishment of weapons? \\n - Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities? \\n - Is there evidence of armed forces engaging in criminal activities related to natural resources, including illicit trafficking of natural resources, related crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious human rights violations, and what are the risks of incorporating weapons and ammunition collected during disarmament into national stockpiles?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1436, "Sentence":"The main concern of DDR practitioners will be to support efforts to break the linkages between the flows of natural resources used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition, including by working with actors involved in the implementation and monitoring of sanctions, including the UN Group of Experts, and contributing to strengthening the capacity of the security sector to reduce illicit weapons and ammunition flows.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources main concern ddr practitioner support effort break linkage flow natural resource used finance acquisition weapon ammunition including working actor involved implementation monitoring sanction including un group expert contributing strengthening capacity security sector reduce illicit weapon ammunition flow ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Where the exploitation of natural resources is an entrenched part of the war economy and linked to the activities of armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, natural resources can be leveraged as a means of gaining control over certain territories and accessing weapons and ammunition. The main concern of DDR practitioners will be to support efforts to break the linkages between the flows of natural resources used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition, including by working with actors involved in the implementation and monitoring of sanctions, including the UN Group of Experts, and contributing to strengthening the capacity of the security sector to reduce illicit weapons and ammunition flows. This can be difficult in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such cases, transitional weapons and ammunition management approaches may be needed (see section 8.2).In order to ensure that security objectives are achieved, DDR practitioners should examine the role of natural resources in the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and how weapons and ammunition result in control over natural resources and access to the revenues from their trade. DDR practitioners should collaborate with relevant interagency stakeholders to ensure that natural resources are no longer used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition for armed groups undergoing disarmament and demobilization or by individual combatants being disarmed and demobilized. When planning the destruction of weapons and ammunition, DDR practitioners should consider the environmental impact of the planned destruction. For further guidance on disarmament, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.Disarmament: Key questions \\n - How are weapons and ammunition being acquired? Are natural resource exploited to finance this? \\n - What steps can be taken to prevent the trade and trafficking of natural resources by armed forces and groups and\/or by organized criminal groups? \\n - In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of trafficked weapons in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and save lives? \\n - How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or conflict? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n - How can DDR programmes address the presence of children associated with armed forces and groups whom may have been used in the exploitation of natural resources? \\n - To what extent would the removal of weapons jeopardize security and economic opportunities for male and female ex-combatants and communities, including land tenure and access to critical livelihoods resources? \\n - When disarmament is currently impossible, can DDR related tools, such as transitional WAM be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the relinquishment of weapons? \\n - Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities? \\n - Is there evidence of armed forces engaging in criminal activities related to natural resources, including illicit trafficking of natural resources, related crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious human rights violations, and what are the risks of incorporating weapons and ammunition collected during disarmament into national stockpiles?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1436, "Sentence":"This can be difficult in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources difficult context member armed group community unwilling disarm concern security ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Where the exploitation of natural resources is an entrenched part of the war economy and linked to the activities of armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, natural resources can be leveraged as a means of gaining control over certain territories and accessing weapons and ammunition. The main concern of DDR practitioners will be to support efforts to break the linkages between the flows of natural resources used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition, including by working with actors involved in the implementation and monitoring of sanctions, including the UN Group of Experts, and contributing to strengthening the capacity of the security sector to reduce illicit weapons and ammunition flows. This can be difficult in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such cases, transitional weapons and ammunition management approaches may be needed (see section 8.2).In order to ensure that security objectives are achieved, DDR practitioners should examine the role of natural resources in the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and how weapons and ammunition result in control over natural resources and access to the revenues from their trade. DDR practitioners should collaborate with relevant interagency stakeholders to ensure that natural resources are no longer used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition for armed groups undergoing disarmament and demobilization or by individual combatants being disarmed and demobilized. When planning the destruction of weapons and ammunition, DDR practitioners should consider the environmental impact of the planned destruction. For further guidance on disarmament, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.Disarmament: Key questions \\n - How are weapons and ammunition being acquired? Are natural resource exploited to finance this? \\n - What steps can be taken to prevent the trade and trafficking of natural resources by armed forces and groups and\/or by organized criminal groups? \\n - In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of trafficked weapons in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and save lives? \\n - How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or conflict? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n - How can DDR programmes address the presence of children associated with armed forces and groups whom may have been used in the exploitation of natural resources? \\n - To what extent would the removal of weapons jeopardize security and economic opportunities for male and female ex-combatants and communities, including land tenure and access to critical livelihoods resources? \\n - When disarmament is currently impossible, can DDR related tools, such as transitional WAM be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the relinquishment of weapons? \\n - Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities? \\n - Is there evidence of armed forces engaging in criminal activities related to natural resources, including illicit trafficking of natural resources, related crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious human rights violations, and what are the risks of incorporating weapons and ammunition collected during disarmament into national stockpiles?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1436, "Sentence":"In such cases, transitional weapons and ammunition management approaches may be needed (see section 8.2).In order to ensure that security objectives are achieved, DDR practitioners should examine the role of natural resources in the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and how weapons and ammunition result in control over natural resources and access to the revenues from their trade.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources case transitional weapon ammunition management approach may needed see section 8.2.in order ensure security objective achieved ddr practitioner examine role natural resource acquisition weapon ammunition weapon ammunition result control natural resource access revenue trade ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Where the exploitation of natural resources is an entrenched part of the war economy and linked to the activities of armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, natural resources can be leveraged as a means of gaining control over certain territories and accessing weapons and ammunition. The main concern of DDR practitioners will be to support efforts to break the linkages between the flows of natural resources used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition, including by working with actors involved in the implementation and monitoring of sanctions, including the UN Group of Experts, and contributing to strengthening the capacity of the security sector to reduce illicit weapons and ammunition flows. This can be difficult in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such cases, transitional weapons and ammunition management approaches may be needed (see section 8.2).In order to ensure that security objectives are achieved, DDR practitioners should examine the role of natural resources in the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and how weapons and ammunition result in control over natural resources and access to the revenues from their trade. DDR practitioners should collaborate with relevant interagency stakeholders to ensure that natural resources are no longer used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition for armed groups undergoing disarmament and demobilization or by individual combatants being disarmed and demobilized. When planning the destruction of weapons and ammunition, DDR practitioners should consider the environmental impact of the planned destruction. For further guidance on disarmament, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.Disarmament: Key questions \\n - How are weapons and ammunition being acquired? Are natural resource exploited to finance this? \\n - What steps can be taken to prevent the trade and trafficking of natural resources by armed forces and groups and\/or by organized criminal groups? \\n - In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of trafficked weapons in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and save lives? \\n - How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or conflict? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n - How can DDR programmes address the presence of children associated with armed forces and groups whom may have been used in the exploitation of natural resources? \\n - To what extent would the removal of weapons jeopardize security and economic opportunities for male and female ex-combatants and communities, including land tenure and access to critical livelihoods resources? \\n - When disarmament is currently impossible, can DDR related tools, such as transitional WAM be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the relinquishment of weapons? \\n - Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities? \\n - Is there evidence of armed forces engaging in criminal activities related to natural resources, including illicit trafficking of natural resources, related crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious human rights violations, and what are the risks of incorporating weapons and ammunition collected during disarmament into national stockpiles?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1436, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should collaborate with relevant interagency stakeholders to ensure that natural resources are no longer used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition for armed groups undergoing disarmament and demobilization or by individual combatants being disarmed and demobilized.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner collaborate relevant interagency stakeholder ensure natural resource longer used finance acquisition weapon ammunition armed group undergoing disarmament demobilization individual combatant disarmed demobilized ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Where the exploitation of natural resources is an entrenched part of the war economy and linked to the activities of armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, natural resources can be leveraged as a means of gaining control over certain territories and accessing weapons and ammunition. The main concern of DDR practitioners will be to support efforts to break the linkages between the flows of natural resources used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition, including by working with actors involved in the implementation and monitoring of sanctions, including the UN Group of Experts, and contributing to strengthening the capacity of the security sector to reduce illicit weapons and ammunition flows. This can be difficult in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such cases, transitional weapons and ammunition management approaches may be needed (see section 8.2).In order to ensure that security objectives are achieved, DDR practitioners should examine the role of natural resources in the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and how weapons and ammunition result in control over natural resources and access to the revenues from their trade. DDR practitioners should collaborate with relevant interagency stakeholders to ensure that natural resources are no longer used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition for armed groups undergoing disarmament and demobilization or by individual combatants being disarmed and demobilized. When planning the destruction of weapons and ammunition, DDR practitioners should consider the environmental impact of the planned destruction. For further guidance on disarmament, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.Disarmament: Key questions \\n - How are weapons and ammunition being acquired? Are natural resource exploited to finance this? \\n - What steps can be taken to prevent the trade and trafficking of natural resources by armed forces and groups and\/or by organized criminal groups? \\n - In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of trafficked weapons in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and save lives? \\n - How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or conflict? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n - How can DDR programmes address the presence of children associated with armed forces and groups whom may have been used in the exploitation of natural resources? \\n - To what extent would the removal of weapons jeopardize security and economic opportunities for male and female ex-combatants and communities, including land tenure and access to critical livelihoods resources? \\n - When disarmament is currently impossible, can DDR related tools, such as transitional WAM be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the relinquishment of weapons? \\n - Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities? \\n - Is there evidence of armed forces engaging in criminal activities related to natural resources, including illicit trafficking of natural resources, related crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious human rights violations, and what are the risks of incorporating weapons and ammunition collected during disarmament into national stockpiles?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1436, "Sentence":"When planning the destruction of weapons and ammunition, DDR practitioners should consider the environmental impact of the planned destruction.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources planning destruction weapon ammunition ddr practitioner consider environmental impact planned destruction ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Where the exploitation of natural resources is an entrenched part of the war economy and linked to the activities of armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, natural resources can be leveraged as a means of gaining control over certain territories and accessing weapons and ammunition. The main concern of DDR practitioners will be to support efforts to break the linkages between the flows of natural resources used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition, including by working with actors involved in the implementation and monitoring of sanctions, including the UN Group of Experts, and contributing to strengthening the capacity of the security sector to reduce illicit weapons and ammunition flows. This can be difficult in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such cases, transitional weapons and ammunition management approaches may be needed (see section 8.2).In order to ensure that security objectives are achieved, DDR practitioners should examine the role of natural resources in the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and how weapons and ammunition result in control over natural resources and access to the revenues from their trade. DDR practitioners should collaborate with relevant interagency stakeholders to ensure that natural resources are no longer used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition for armed groups undergoing disarmament and demobilization or by individual combatants being disarmed and demobilized. When planning the destruction of weapons and ammunition, DDR practitioners should consider the environmental impact of the planned destruction. For further guidance on disarmament, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.Disarmament: Key questions \\n - How are weapons and ammunition being acquired? Are natural resource exploited to finance this? \\n - What steps can be taken to prevent the trade and trafficking of natural resources by armed forces and groups and\/or by organized criminal groups? \\n - In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of trafficked weapons in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and save lives? \\n - How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or conflict? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n - How can DDR programmes address the presence of children associated with armed forces and groups whom may have been used in the exploitation of natural resources? \\n - To what extent would the removal of weapons jeopardize security and economic opportunities for male and female ex-combatants and communities, including land tenure and access to critical livelihoods resources? \\n - When disarmament is currently impossible, can DDR related tools, such as transitional WAM be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the relinquishment of weapons? \\n - Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities? \\n - Is there evidence of armed forces engaging in criminal activities related to natural resources, including illicit trafficking of natural resources, related crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious human rights violations, and what are the risks of incorporating weapons and ammunition collected during disarmament into national stockpiles?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1436, "Sentence":"For further guidance on disarmament, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.Disarmament: Key questions \\n - How are weapons and ammunition being acquired?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources guidance disarmament see iddrs 4.10 disarmament.disarmament key question n weapon ammunition acquired" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Where the exploitation of natural resources is an entrenched part of the war economy and linked to the activities of armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, natural resources can be leveraged as a means of gaining control over certain territories and accessing weapons and ammunition. The main concern of DDR practitioners will be to support efforts to break the linkages between the flows of natural resources used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition, including by working with actors involved in the implementation and monitoring of sanctions, including the UN Group of Experts, and contributing to strengthening the capacity of the security sector to reduce illicit weapons and ammunition flows. This can be difficult in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such cases, transitional weapons and ammunition management approaches may be needed (see section 8.2).In order to ensure that security objectives are achieved, DDR practitioners should examine the role of natural resources in the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and how weapons and ammunition result in control over natural resources and access to the revenues from their trade. DDR practitioners should collaborate with relevant interagency stakeholders to ensure that natural resources are no longer used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition for armed groups undergoing disarmament and demobilization or by individual combatants being disarmed and demobilized. When planning the destruction of weapons and ammunition, DDR practitioners should consider the environmental impact of the planned destruction. For further guidance on disarmament, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.Disarmament: Key questions \\n - How are weapons and ammunition being acquired? Are natural resource exploited to finance this? \\n - What steps can be taken to prevent the trade and trafficking of natural resources by armed forces and groups and\/or by organized criminal groups? \\n - In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of trafficked weapons in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and save lives? \\n - How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or conflict? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n - How can DDR programmes address the presence of children associated with armed forces and groups whom may have been used in the exploitation of natural resources? \\n - To what extent would the removal of weapons jeopardize security and economic opportunities for male and female ex-combatants and communities, including land tenure and access to critical livelihoods resources? \\n - When disarmament is currently impossible, can DDR related tools, such as transitional WAM be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the relinquishment of weapons? \\n - Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities? \\n - Is there evidence of armed forces engaging in criminal activities related to natural resources, including illicit trafficking of natural resources, related crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious human rights violations, and what are the risks of incorporating weapons and ammunition collected during disarmament into national stockpiles?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1436, "Sentence":"Are natural resource exploited to finance this?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources natural resource exploited finance" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Where the exploitation of natural resources is an entrenched part of the war economy and linked to the activities of armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, natural resources can be leveraged as a means of gaining control over certain territories and accessing weapons and ammunition. The main concern of DDR practitioners will be to support efforts to break the linkages between the flows of natural resources used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition, including by working with actors involved in the implementation and monitoring of sanctions, including the UN Group of Experts, and contributing to strengthening the capacity of the security sector to reduce illicit weapons and ammunition flows. This can be difficult in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such cases, transitional weapons and ammunition management approaches may be needed (see section 8.2).In order to ensure that security objectives are achieved, DDR practitioners should examine the role of natural resources in the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and how weapons and ammunition result in control over natural resources and access to the revenues from their trade. DDR practitioners should collaborate with relevant interagency stakeholders to ensure that natural resources are no longer used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition for armed groups undergoing disarmament and demobilization or by individual combatants being disarmed and demobilized. When planning the destruction of weapons and ammunition, DDR practitioners should consider the environmental impact of the planned destruction. For further guidance on disarmament, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.Disarmament: Key questions \\n - How are weapons and ammunition being acquired? Are natural resource exploited to finance this? \\n - What steps can be taken to prevent the trade and trafficking of natural resources by armed forces and groups and\/or by organized criminal groups? \\n - In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of trafficked weapons in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and save lives? \\n - How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or conflict? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n - How can DDR programmes address the presence of children associated with armed forces and groups whom may have been used in the exploitation of natural resources? \\n - To what extent would the removal of weapons jeopardize security and economic opportunities for male and female ex-combatants and communities, including land tenure and access to critical livelihoods resources? \\n - When disarmament is currently impossible, can DDR related tools, such as transitional WAM be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the relinquishment of weapons? \\n - Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities? \\n - Is there evidence of armed forces engaging in criminal activities related to natural resources, including illicit trafficking of natural resources, related crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious human rights violations, and what are the risks of incorporating weapons and ammunition collected during disarmament into national stockpiles?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1436, "Sentence":"\\n - What steps can be taken to prevent the trade and trafficking of natural resources by armed forces and groups and\/or by organized criminal groups?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n step taken prevent trade trafficking natural resource armed force group and\/or organized criminal group" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Where the exploitation of natural resources is an entrenched part of the war economy and linked to the activities of armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, natural resources can be leveraged as a means of gaining control over certain territories and accessing weapons and ammunition. The main concern of DDR practitioners will be to support efforts to break the linkages between the flows of natural resources used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition, including by working with actors involved in the implementation and monitoring of sanctions, including the UN Group of Experts, and contributing to strengthening the capacity of the security sector to reduce illicit weapons and ammunition flows. This can be difficult in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such cases, transitional weapons and ammunition management approaches may be needed (see section 8.2).In order to ensure that security objectives are achieved, DDR practitioners should examine the role of natural resources in the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and how weapons and ammunition result in control over natural resources and access to the revenues from their trade. DDR practitioners should collaborate with relevant interagency stakeholders to ensure that natural resources are no longer used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition for armed groups undergoing disarmament and demobilization or by individual combatants being disarmed and demobilized. When planning the destruction of weapons and ammunition, DDR practitioners should consider the environmental impact of the planned destruction. For further guidance on disarmament, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.Disarmament: Key questions \\n - How are weapons and ammunition being acquired? Are natural resource exploited to finance this? \\n - What steps can be taken to prevent the trade and trafficking of natural resources by armed forces and groups and\/or by organized criminal groups? \\n - In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of trafficked weapons in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and save lives? \\n - How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or conflict? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n - How can DDR programmes address the presence of children associated with armed forces and groups whom may have been used in the exploitation of natural resources? \\n - To what extent would the removal of weapons jeopardize security and economic opportunities for male and female ex-combatants and communities, including land tenure and access to critical livelihoods resources? \\n - When disarmament is currently impossible, can DDR related tools, such as transitional WAM be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the relinquishment of weapons? \\n - Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities? \\n - Is there evidence of armed forces engaging in criminal activities related to natural resources, including illicit trafficking of natural resources, related crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious human rights violations, and what are the risks of incorporating weapons and ammunition collected during disarmament into national stockpiles?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1436, "Sentence":"\\n - In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of trafficked weapons in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and save lives?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n conflict setting step taken disrupt flow trafficked weapon order reduce capacity individual group engage armed conflict save life" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Where the exploitation of natural resources is an entrenched part of the war economy and linked to the activities of armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, natural resources can be leveraged as a means of gaining control over certain territories and accessing weapons and ammunition. The main concern of DDR practitioners will be to support efforts to break the linkages between the flows of natural resources used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition, including by working with actors involved in the implementation and monitoring of sanctions, including the UN Group of Experts, and contributing to strengthening the capacity of the security sector to reduce illicit weapons and ammunition flows. This can be difficult in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such cases, transitional weapons and ammunition management approaches may be needed (see section 8.2).In order to ensure that security objectives are achieved, DDR practitioners should examine the role of natural resources in the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and how weapons and ammunition result in control over natural resources and access to the revenues from their trade. DDR practitioners should collaborate with relevant interagency stakeholders to ensure that natural resources are no longer used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition for armed groups undergoing disarmament and demobilization or by individual combatants being disarmed and demobilized. When planning the destruction of weapons and ammunition, DDR practitioners should consider the environmental impact of the planned destruction. For further guidance on disarmament, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.Disarmament: Key questions \\n - How are weapons and ammunition being acquired? Are natural resource exploited to finance this? \\n - What steps can be taken to prevent the trade and trafficking of natural resources by armed forces and groups and\/or by organized criminal groups? \\n - In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of trafficked weapons in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and save lives? \\n - How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or conflict? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n - How can DDR programmes address the presence of children associated with armed forces and groups whom may have been used in the exploitation of natural resources? \\n - To what extent would the removal of weapons jeopardize security and economic opportunities for male and female ex-combatants and communities, including land tenure and access to critical livelihoods resources? \\n - When disarmament is currently impossible, can DDR related tools, such as transitional WAM be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the relinquishment of weapons? \\n - Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities? \\n - Is there evidence of armed forces engaging in criminal activities related to natural resources, including illicit trafficking of natural resources, related crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious human rights violations, and what are the risks of incorporating weapons and ammunition collected during disarmament into national stockpiles?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1436, "Sentence":"\\n - How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or conflict?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n ddr programme highlight constructive role woman may engaged illicit trafficking weapon and\/or conflict" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Where the exploitation of natural resources is an entrenched part of the war economy and linked to the activities of armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, natural resources can be leveraged as a means of gaining control over certain territories and accessing weapons and ammunition. The main concern of DDR practitioners will be to support efforts to break the linkages between the flows of natural resources used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition, including by working with actors involved in the implementation and monitoring of sanctions, including the UN Group of Experts, and contributing to strengthening the capacity of the security sector to reduce illicit weapons and ammunition flows. This can be difficult in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such cases, transitional weapons and ammunition management approaches may be needed (see section 8.2).In order to ensure that security objectives are achieved, DDR practitioners should examine the role of natural resources in the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and how weapons and ammunition result in control over natural resources and access to the revenues from their trade. DDR practitioners should collaborate with relevant interagency stakeholders to ensure that natural resources are no longer used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition for armed groups undergoing disarmament and demobilization or by individual combatants being disarmed and demobilized. When planning the destruction of weapons and ammunition, DDR practitioners should consider the environmental impact of the planned destruction. For further guidance on disarmament, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.Disarmament: Key questions \\n - How are weapons and ammunition being acquired? Are natural resource exploited to finance this? \\n - What steps can be taken to prevent the trade and trafficking of natural resources by armed forces and groups and\/or by organized criminal groups? \\n - In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of trafficked weapons in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and save lives? \\n - How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or conflict? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n - How can DDR programmes address the presence of children associated with armed forces and groups whom may have been used in the exploitation of natural resources? \\n - To what extent would the removal of weapons jeopardize security and economic opportunities for male and female ex-combatants and communities, including land tenure and access to critical livelihoods resources? \\n - When disarmament is currently impossible, can DDR related tools, such as transitional WAM be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the relinquishment of weapons? \\n - Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities? \\n - Is there evidence of armed forces engaging in criminal activities related to natural resources, including illicit trafficking of natural resources, related crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious human rights violations, and what are the risks of incorporating weapons and ammunition collected during disarmament into national stockpiles?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1436, "Sentence":"What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources precaution taken avoid reinforcing creating genderbased inequality" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Where the exploitation of natural resources is an entrenched part of the war economy and linked to the activities of armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, natural resources can be leveraged as a means of gaining control over certain territories and accessing weapons and ammunition. The main concern of DDR practitioners will be to support efforts to break the linkages between the flows of natural resources used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition, including by working with actors involved in the implementation and monitoring of sanctions, including the UN Group of Experts, and contributing to strengthening the capacity of the security sector to reduce illicit weapons and ammunition flows. This can be difficult in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such cases, transitional weapons and ammunition management approaches may be needed (see section 8.2).In order to ensure that security objectives are achieved, DDR practitioners should examine the role of natural resources in the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and how weapons and ammunition result in control over natural resources and access to the revenues from their trade. DDR practitioners should collaborate with relevant interagency stakeholders to ensure that natural resources are no longer used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition for armed groups undergoing disarmament and demobilization or by individual combatants being disarmed and demobilized. When planning the destruction of weapons and ammunition, DDR practitioners should consider the environmental impact of the planned destruction. For further guidance on disarmament, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.Disarmament: Key questions \\n - How are weapons and ammunition being acquired? Are natural resource exploited to finance this? \\n - What steps can be taken to prevent the trade and trafficking of natural resources by armed forces and groups and\/or by organized criminal groups? \\n - In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of trafficked weapons in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and save lives? \\n - How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or conflict? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n - How can DDR programmes address the presence of children associated with armed forces and groups whom may have been used in the exploitation of natural resources? \\n - To what extent would the removal of weapons jeopardize security and economic opportunities for male and female ex-combatants and communities, including land tenure and access to critical livelihoods resources? \\n - When disarmament is currently impossible, can DDR related tools, such as transitional WAM be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the relinquishment of weapons? \\n - Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities? \\n - Is there evidence of armed forces engaging in criminal activities related to natural resources, including illicit trafficking of natural resources, related crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious human rights violations, and what are the risks of incorporating weapons and ammunition collected during disarmament into national stockpiles?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1436, "Sentence":"\\n - How can DDR programmes address the presence of children associated with armed forces and groups whom may have been used in the exploitation of natural resources?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n ddr programme address presence child associated armed force group may used exploitation natural resource" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Where the exploitation of natural resources is an entrenched part of the war economy and linked to the activities of armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, natural resources can be leveraged as a means of gaining control over certain territories and accessing weapons and ammunition. The main concern of DDR practitioners will be to support efforts to break the linkages between the flows of natural resources used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition, including by working with actors involved in the implementation and monitoring of sanctions, including the UN Group of Experts, and contributing to strengthening the capacity of the security sector to reduce illicit weapons and ammunition flows. This can be difficult in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such cases, transitional weapons and ammunition management approaches may be needed (see section 8.2).In order to ensure that security objectives are achieved, DDR practitioners should examine the role of natural resources in the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and how weapons and ammunition result in control over natural resources and access to the revenues from their trade. DDR practitioners should collaborate with relevant interagency stakeholders to ensure that natural resources are no longer used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition for armed groups undergoing disarmament and demobilization or by individual combatants being disarmed and demobilized. When planning the destruction of weapons and ammunition, DDR practitioners should consider the environmental impact of the planned destruction. For further guidance on disarmament, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.Disarmament: Key questions \\n - How are weapons and ammunition being acquired? Are natural resource exploited to finance this? \\n - What steps can be taken to prevent the trade and trafficking of natural resources by armed forces and groups and\/or by organized criminal groups? \\n - In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of trafficked weapons in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and save lives? \\n - How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or conflict? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n - How can DDR programmes address the presence of children associated with armed forces and groups whom may have been used in the exploitation of natural resources? \\n - To what extent would the removal of weapons jeopardize security and economic opportunities for male and female ex-combatants and communities, including land tenure and access to critical livelihoods resources? \\n - When disarmament is currently impossible, can DDR related tools, such as transitional WAM be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the relinquishment of weapons? \\n - Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities? \\n - Is there evidence of armed forces engaging in criminal activities related to natural resources, including illicit trafficking of natural resources, related crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious human rights violations, and what are the risks of incorporating weapons and ammunition collected during disarmament into national stockpiles?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1436, "Sentence":"\\n - To what extent would the removal of weapons jeopardize security and economic opportunities for male and female ex-combatants and communities, including land tenure and access to critical livelihoods resources?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n extent would removal weapon jeopardize security economic opportunity male female excombatants community including land tenure access critical livelihood resource" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Where the exploitation of natural resources is an entrenched part of the war economy and linked to the activities of armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, natural resources can be leveraged as a means of gaining control over certain territories and accessing weapons and ammunition. The main concern of DDR practitioners will be to support efforts to break the linkages between the flows of natural resources used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition, including by working with actors involved in the implementation and monitoring of sanctions, including the UN Group of Experts, and contributing to strengthening the capacity of the security sector to reduce illicit weapons and ammunition flows. This can be difficult in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such cases, transitional weapons and ammunition management approaches may be needed (see section 8.2).In order to ensure that security objectives are achieved, DDR practitioners should examine the role of natural resources in the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and how weapons and ammunition result in control over natural resources and access to the revenues from their trade. DDR practitioners should collaborate with relevant interagency stakeholders to ensure that natural resources are no longer used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition for armed groups undergoing disarmament and demobilization or by individual combatants being disarmed and demobilized. When planning the destruction of weapons and ammunition, DDR practitioners should consider the environmental impact of the planned destruction. For further guidance on disarmament, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.Disarmament: Key questions \\n - How are weapons and ammunition being acquired? Are natural resource exploited to finance this? \\n - What steps can be taken to prevent the trade and trafficking of natural resources by armed forces and groups and\/or by organized criminal groups? \\n - In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of trafficked weapons in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and save lives? \\n - How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or conflict? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n - How can DDR programmes address the presence of children associated with armed forces and groups whom may have been used in the exploitation of natural resources? \\n - To what extent would the removal of weapons jeopardize security and economic opportunities for male and female ex-combatants and communities, including land tenure and access to critical livelihoods resources? \\n - When disarmament is currently impossible, can DDR related tools, such as transitional WAM be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the relinquishment of weapons? \\n - Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities? \\n - Is there evidence of armed forces engaging in criminal activities related to natural resources, including illicit trafficking of natural resources, related crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious human rights violations, and what are the risks of incorporating weapons and ammunition collected during disarmament into national stockpiles?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1436, "Sentence":"\\n - When disarmament is currently impossible, can DDR related tools, such as transitional WAM be implemented?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n disarmament currently impossible ddr related tool transitional wam implemented" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Where the exploitation of natural resources is an entrenched part of the war economy and linked to the activities of armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, natural resources can be leveraged as a means of gaining control over certain territories and accessing weapons and ammunition. The main concern of DDR practitioners will be to support efforts to break the linkages between the flows of natural resources used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition, including by working with actors involved in the implementation and monitoring of sanctions, including the UN Group of Experts, and contributing to strengthening the capacity of the security sector to reduce illicit weapons and ammunition flows. This can be difficult in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such cases, transitional weapons and ammunition management approaches may be needed (see section 8.2).In order to ensure that security objectives are achieved, DDR practitioners should examine the role of natural resources in the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and how weapons and ammunition result in control over natural resources and access to the revenues from their trade. DDR practitioners should collaborate with relevant interagency stakeholders to ensure that natural resources are no longer used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition for armed groups undergoing disarmament and demobilization or by individual combatants being disarmed and demobilized. When planning the destruction of weapons and ammunition, DDR practitioners should consider the environmental impact of the planned destruction. For further guidance on disarmament, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.Disarmament: Key questions \\n - How are weapons and ammunition being acquired? Are natural resource exploited to finance this? \\n - What steps can be taken to prevent the trade and trafficking of natural resources by armed forces and groups and\/or by organized criminal groups? \\n - In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of trafficked weapons in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and save lives? \\n - How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or conflict? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n - How can DDR programmes address the presence of children associated with armed forces and groups whom may have been used in the exploitation of natural resources? \\n - To what extent would the removal of weapons jeopardize security and economic opportunities for male and female ex-combatants and communities, including land tenure and access to critical livelihoods resources? \\n - When disarmament is currently impossible, can DDR related tools, such as transitional WAM be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the relinquishment of weapons? \\n - Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities? \\n - Is there evidence of armed forces engaging in criminal activities related to natural resources, including illicit trafficking of natural resources, related crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious human rights violations, and what are the risks of incorporating weapons and ammunition collected during disarmament into national stockpiles?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1436, "Sentence":"Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the relinquishment of weapons?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources alternative stage demobilization reintegration offered prior disarmament gain trust contribute relinquishment weapon" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Where the exploitation of natural resources is an entrenched part of the war economy and linked to the activities of armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, natural resources can be leveraged as a means of gaining control over certain territories and accessing weapons and ammunition. The main concern of DDR practitioners will be to support efforts to break the linkages between the flows of natural resources used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition, including by working with actors involved in the implementation and monitoring of sanctions, including the UN Group of Experts, and contributing to strengthening the capacity of the security sector to reduce illicit weapons and ammunition flows. This can be difficult in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such cases, transitional weapons and ammunition management approaches may be needed (see section 8.2).In order to ensure that security objectives are achieved, DDR practitioners should examine the role of natural resources in the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and how weapons and ammunition result in control over natural resources and access to the revenues from their trade. DDR practitioners should collaborate with relevant interagency stakeholders to ensure that natural resources are no longer used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition for armed groups undergoing disarmament and demobilization or by individual combatants being disarmed and demobilized. When planning the destruction of weapons and ammunition, DDR practitioners should consider the environmental impact of the planned destruction. For further guidance on disarmament, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.Disarmament: Key questions \\n - How are weapons and ammunition being acquired? Are natural resource exploited to finance this? \\n - What steps can be taken to prevent the trade and trafficking of natural resources by armed forces and groups and\/or by organized criminal groups? \\n - In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of trafficked weapons in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and save lives? \\n - How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or conflict? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n - How can DDR programmes address the presence of children associated with armed forces and groups whom may have been used in the exploitation of natural resources? \\n - To what extent would the removal of weapons jeopardize security and economic opportunities for male and female ex-combatants and communities, including land tenure and access to critical livelihoods resources? \\n - When disarmament is currently impossible, can DDR related tools, such as transitional WAM be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the relinquishment of weapons? \\n - Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities? \\n - Is there evidence of armed forces engaging in criminal activities related to natural resources, including illicit trafficking of natural resources, related crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious human rights violations, and what are the risks of incorporating weapons and ammunition collected during disarmament into national stockpiles?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1436, "Sentence":"\\n - Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n proposed disarmament operation sufficient resource safely store weapon ammunition prevent diversion armed group engaged criminal activity" }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.1 Disarmament", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Where the exploitation of natural resources is an entrenched part of the war economy and linked to the activities of armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups, natural resources can be leveraged as a means of gaining control over certain territories and accessing weapons and ammunition. The main concern of DDR practitioners will be to support efforts to break the linkages between the flows of natural resources used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition, including by working with actors involved in the implementation and monitoring of sanctions, including the UN Group of Experts, and contributing to strengthening the capacity of the security sector to reduce illicit weapons and ammunition flows. This can be difficult in contexts where members of armed groups and communities are unwilling to disarm because of concerns for their security. In such cases, transitional weapons and ammunition management approaches may be needed (see section 8.2).In order to ensure that security objectives are achieved, DDR practitioners should examine the role of natural resources in the acquisition of weapons and ammunition and how weapons and ammunition result in control over natural resources and access to the revenues from their trade. DDR practitioners should collaborate with relevant interagency stakeholders to ensure that natural resources are no longer used to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition for armed groups undergoing disarmament and demobilization or by individual combatants being disarmed and demobilized. When planning the destruction of weapons and ammunition, DDR practitioners should consider the environmental impact of the planned destruction. For further guidance on disarmament, see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament.Disarmament: Key questions \\n - How are weapons and ammunition being acquired? Are natural resource exploited to finance this? \\n - What steps can be taken to prevent the trade and trafficking of natural resources by armed forces and groups and\/or by organized criminal groups? \\n - In conflict settings, what steps can be taken to disrupt the flow of trafficked weapons in order to reduce the capacity of individuals and groups to engage in armed conflict and save lives? \\n - How can DDR programmes highlight the constructive roles of women who may have engaged in the illicit trafficking of weapons and\/or conflict? What precautions can be taken to avoid reinforcing or creating gender-based inequalities? \\n - How can DDR programmes address the presence of children associated with armed forces and groups whom may have been used in the exploitation of natural resources? \\n - To what extent would the removal of weapons jeopardize security and economic opportunities for male and female ex-combatants and communities, including land tenure and access to critical livelihoods resources? \\n - When disarmament is currently impossible, can DDR related tools, such as transitional WAM be implemented? Can alternative stages (demobilization and reintegration) be offered prior to disarmament to gain trust and contribute to the relinquishment of weapons? \\n - Does the proposed disarmament operation have sufficient resources to safely store weapons and ammunition and prevent diversion to armed groups engaged in criminal activities? \\n - Is there evidence of armed forces engaging in criminal activities related to natural resources, including illicit trafficking of natural resources, related crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious human rights violations, and what are the risks of incorporating weapons and ammunition collected during disarmament into national stockpiles?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1436, "Sentence":"\\n - Is there evidence of armed forces engaging in criminal activities related to natural resources, including illicit trafficking of natural resources, related crimes against humanity, war crimes and serious human rights violations, and what are the risks of incorporating weapons and ammunition collected during disarmament into national stockpiles?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n evidence armed force engaging criminal activity related natural resource including illicit trafficking natural resource related crime humanity war crime serious human right violation risk incorporating weapon ammunition collected disarmament national stockpile" }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Demobilization includes a reinsertion phase in which transitional assistance is offered to DDR programme participants for a period of up to one year, prior to reintegration support (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Transitional assistance may be offered in a number of ways including in-kind support, cash-based transfers, public works programmes or other income-generating activities. In contexts where there has been degradation of natural resources that are important for livelihoods or destruction of key water, sanitation and energy infrastructure, DDR programme participants can be employed in labour-intensive, quick-impact infrastructure or rehabilitation projects during the demobilization phase. When targeting natural resource management sectors, these projects can contribute to restoration and rehabilitation of environmental damages; increased protection of critical ecosystems; improved management of critical natural resources; and reduced vulnerability to natural disasters. Concerted efforts should be made to include women, youth, elderly, disabled, in planning and implementation of reinsertion activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1437, "Sentence":"Demobilization includes a reinsertion phase in which transitional assistance is offered to DDR programme participants for a period of up to one year, prior to reintegration support (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources demobilization includes reinsertion phase transitional assistance offered ddr programme participant period one year prior reintegration support see iddrs 4.20 demobilization ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Demobilization includes a reinsertion phase in which transitional assistance is offered to DDR programme participants for a period of up to one year, prior to reintegration support (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Transitional assistance may be offered in a number of ways including in-kind support, cash-based transfers, public works programmes or other income-generating activities. In contexts where there has been degradation of natural resources that are important for livelihoods or destruction of key water, sanitation and energy infrastructure, DDR programme participants can be employed in labour-intensive, quick-impact infrastructure or rehabilitation projects during the demobilization phase. When targeting natural resource management sectors, these projects can contribute to restoration and rehabilitation of environmental damages; increased protection of critical ecosystems; improved management of critical natural resources; and reduced vulnerability to natural disasters. Concerted efforts should be made to include women, youth, elderly, disabled, in planning and implementation of reinsertion activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1437, "Sentence":"Transitional assistance may be offered in a number of ways including in-kind support, cash-based transfers, public works programmes or other income-generating activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources transitional assistance may offered number way including inkind support cashbased transfer public work programme incomegenerating activity ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Demobilization includes a reinsertion phase in which transitional assistance is offered to DDR programme participants for a period of up to one year, prior to reintegration support (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Transitional assistance may be offered in a number of ways including in-kind support, cash-based transfers, public works programmes or other income-generating activities. In contexts where there has been degradation of natural resources that are important for livelihoods or destruction of key water, sanitation and energy infrastructure, DDR programme participants can be employed in labour-intensive, quick-impact infrastructure or rehabilitation projects during the demobilization phase. When targeting natural resource management sectors, these projects can contribute to restoration and rehabilitation of environmental damages; increased protection of critical ecosystems; improved management of critical natural resources; and reduced vulnerability to natural disasters. Concerted efforts should be made to include women, youth, elderly, disabled, in planning and implementation of reinsertion activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1437, "Sentence":"In contexts where there has been degradation of natural resources that are important for livelihoods or destruction of key water, sanitation and energy infrastructure, DDR programme participants can be employed in labour-intensive, quick-impact infrastructure or rehabilitation projects during the demobilization phase.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources context degradation natural resource important livelihood destruction key water sanitation energy infrastructure ddr programme participant employed labourintensive quickimpact infrastructure rehabilitation project demobilization phase ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Demobilization includes a reinsertion phase in which transitional assistance is offered to DDR programme participants for a period of up to one year, prior to reintegration support (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Transitional assistance may be offered in a number of ways including in-kind support, cash-based transfers, public works programmes or other income-generating activities. In contexts where there has been degradation of natural resources that are important for livelihoods or destruction of key water, sanitation and energy infrastructure, DDR programme participants can be employed in labour-intensive, quick-impact infrastructure or rehabilitation projects during the demobilization phase. When targeting natural resource management sectors, these projects can contribute to restoration and rehabilitation of environmental damages; increased protection of critical ecosystems; improved management of critical natural resources; and reduced vulnerability to natural disasters. Concerted efforts should be made to include women, youth, elderly, disabled, in planning and implementation of reinsertion activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1437, "Sentence":"When targeting natural resource management sectors, these projects can contribute to restoration and rehabilitation of environmental damages; increased protection of critical ecosystems; improved management of critical natural resources; and reduced vulnerability to natural disasters.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources targeting natural resource management sector project contribute restoration rehabilitation environmental damage increased protection critical ecosystem improved management critical natural resource reduced vulnerability natural disaster ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Demobilization includes a reinsertion phase in which transitional assistance is offered to DDR programme participants for a period of up to one year, prior to reintegration support (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Transitional assistance may be offered in a number of ways including in-kind support, cash-based transfers, public works programmes or other income-generating activities. In contexts where there has been degradation of natural resources that are important for livelihoods or destruction of key water, sanitation and energy infrastructure, DDR programme participants can be employed in labour-intensive, quick-impact infrastructure or rehabilitation projects during the demobilization phase. When targeting natural resource management sectors, these projects can contribute to restoration and rehabilitation of environmental damages; increased protection of critical ecosystems; improved management of critical natural resources; and reduced vulnerability to natural disasters. Concerted efforts should be made to include women, youth, elderly, disabled, in planning and implementation of reinsertion activities.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1437, "Sentence":"Concerted efforts should be made to include women, youth, elderly, disabled, in planning and implementation of reinsertion activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources concerted effort made include woman youth elderly disabled planning implementation reinsertion activity ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Quick-impact projects in natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"During reinsertion, DDR participants and beneficiaries can work on labour-intensive but unskilled activities that help them to build their capacity and contribute to natural resource management. Examples of specific activities are included in the box below.Box 4. Sample quick-impact projects Soil conservation and stabilization \\n - the construction of soil conservation structures, including terracing or planting of soil stabilizing vegetation \\n - stabilization of riverbanks and other natural flood control structures through increased vegetation Restoration of degraded or deforested lands \\n - reforestation or afforestation of degraded sites, where determined to be ecologically appropriate, ideally with native species \\n - establishment of renewable wood lots for firewood and charcoal \\n - restoration of riverine vegetation Reparation of critical public infrastructures for sanitation, water and transportation \\n - desilting of irrigation canals and construction of rainwater catchments or earth dams \\n - reparation of roads, drainage canals, groundwater wells, irrigation canals and sanitation infrastructure \\n - development of systems for municipal sanitation, including recycling and creation of designated areas for wasteThese types of activities are especially important in rural areas where many people depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. In urban areas, priority should be given to sanitation and access to water and health-related activities that will ensure that high-density areas are safe to live in. Activities designed to restore specific ecosystem functions, such as the restoration of mangroves to protect coastal communities from hurricanes or typhoons, or the stabilization of hillsides and mountains from heavy rains through reforestation or afforestation, can also improve the resiliency of local communities to the increased frequency of natural disasters that accompany climate change. These efforts can be integrated into broader climate security efforts as well, though interagency coordination.DDR practitioners should prioritize investment in infrastructure projects that strengthen environmental resilience against future crises like climate change and natural disasters. The objective of addressing natural resources during the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme is to improve strengthen environmental resilience and lay the groundwork for sound, sustainable management of natural resources. Where possible, reinsertion activities should be linked to longer-term reintegration support (see Table 4).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1438, "Sentence":"During reinsertion, DDR participants and beneficiaries can work on labour-intensive but unskilled activities that help them to build their capacity and contribute to natural resource management.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources reinsertion ddr participant beneficiary work labourintensive unskilled activity help build capacity contribute natural resource management ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Quick-impact projects in natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"During reinsertion, DDR participants and beneficiaries can work on labour-intensive but unskilled activities that help them to build their capacity and contribute to natural resource management. Examples of specific activities are included in the box below.Box 4. Sample quick-impact projects Soil conservation and stabilization \\n - the construction of soil conservation structures, including terracing or planting of soil stabilizing vegetation \\n - stabilization of riverbanks and other natural flood control structures through increased vegetation Restoration of degraded or deforested lands \\n - reforestation or afforestation of degraded sites, where determined to be ecologically appropriate, ideally with native species \\n - establishment of renewable wood lots for firewood and charcoal \\n - restoration of riverine vegetation Reparation of critical public infrastructures for sanitation, water and transportation \\n - desilting of irrigation canals and construction of rainwater catchments or earth dams \\n - reparation of roads, drainage canals, groundwater wells, irrigation canals and sanitation infrastructure \\n - development of systems for municipal sanitation, including recycling and creation of designated areas for wasteThese types of activities are especially important in rural areas where many people depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. In urban areas, priority should be given to sanitation and access to water and health-related activities that will ensure that high-density areas are safe to live in. Activities designed to restore specific ecosystem functions, such as the restoration of mangroves to protect coastal communities from hurricanes or typhoons, or the stabilization of hillsides and mountains from heavy rains through reforestation or afforestation, can also improve the resiliency of local communities to the increased frequency of natural disasters that accompany climate change. These efforts can be integrated into broader climate security efforts as well, though interagency coordination.DDR practitioners should prioritize investment in infrastructure projects that strengthen environmental resilience against future crises like climate change and natural disasters. The objective of addressing natural resources during the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme is to improve strengthen environmental resilience and lay the groundwork for sound, sustainable management of natural resources. Where possible, reinsertion activities should be linked to longer-term reintegration support (see Table 4).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1438, "Sentence":"Examples of specific activities are included in the box below.Box 4.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources example specific activity included box below.box 4 ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Quick-impact projects in natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"During reinsertion, DDR participants and beneficiaries can work on labour-intensive but unskilled activities that help them to build their capacity and contribute to natural resource management. Examples of specific activities are included in the box below.Box 4. Sample quick-impact projects Soil conservation and stabilization \\n - the construction of soil conservation structures, including terracing or planting of soil stabilizing vegetation \\n - stabilization of riverbanks and other natural flood control structures through increased vegetation Restoration of degraded or deforested lands \\n - reforestation or afforestation of degraded sites, where determined to be ecologically appropriate, ideally with native species \\n - establishment of renewable wood lots for firewood and charcoal \\n - restoration of riverine vegetation Reparation of critical public infrastructures for sanitation, water and transportation \\n - desilting of irrigation canals and construction of rainwater catchments or earth dams \\n - reparation of roads, drainage canals, groundwater wells, irrigation canals and sanitation infrastructure \\n - development of systems for municipal sanitation, including recycling and creation of designated areas for wasteThese types of activities are especially important in rural areas where many people depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. In urban areas, priority should be given to sanitation and access to water and health-related activities that will ensure that high-density areas are safe to live in. Activities designed to restore specific ecosystem functions, such as the restoration of mangroves to protect coastal communities from hurricanes or typhoons, or the stabilization of hillsides and mountains from heavy rains through reforestation or afforestation, can also improve the resiliency of local communities to the increased frequency of natural disasters that accompany climate change. These efforts can be integrated into broader climate security efforts as well, though interagency coordination.DDR practitioners should prioritize investment in infrastructure projects that strengthen environmental resilience against future crises like climate change and natural disasters. The objective of addressing natural resources during the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme is to improve strengthen environmental resilience and lay the groundwork for sound, sustainable management of natural resources. Where possible, reinsertion activities should be linked to longer-term reintegration support (see Table 4).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1438, "Sentence":"Sample quick-impact projects Soil conservation and stabilization \\n - the construction of soil conservation structures, including terracing or planting of soil stabilizing vegetation \\n - stabilization of riverbanks and other natural flood control structures through increased vegetation Restoration of degraded or deforested lands \\n - reforestation or afforestation of degraded sites, where determined to be ecologically appropriate, ideally with native species \\n - establishment of renewable wood lots for firewood and charcoal \\n - restoration of riverine vegetation Reparation of critical public infrastructures for sanitation, water and transportation \\n - desilting of irrigation canals and construction of rainwater catchments or earth dams \\n - reparation of roads, drainage canals, groundwater wells, irrigation canals and sanitation infrastructure \\n - development of systems for municipal sanitation, including recycling and creation of designated areas for wasteThese types of activities are especially important in rural areas where many people depend on agriculture for their livelihoods.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources sample quickimpact project soil conservation stabilization n construction soil conservation structure including terracing planting soil stabilizing vegetation n stabilization riverbank natural flood control structure increased vegetation restoration degraded deforested land n reforestation afforestation degraded site determined ecologically appropriate ideally native specie n establishment renewable wood lot firewood charcoal n restoration riverine vegetation reparation critical public infrastructure sanitation water transportation n desilting irrigation canal construction rainwater catchment earth dam n reparation road drainage canal groundwater well irrigation canal sanitation infrastructure n development system municipal sanitation including recycling creation designated area wastethese type activity especially important rural area many people depend agriculture livelihood ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Quick-impact projects in natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"During reinsertion, DDR participants and beneficiaries can work on labour-intensive but unskilled activities that help them to build their capacity and contribute to natural resource management. Examples of specific activities are included in the box below.Box 4. Sample quick-impact projects Soil conservation and stabilization \\n - the construction of soil conservation structures, including terracing or planting of soil stabilizing vegetation \\n - stabilization of riverbanks and other natural flood control structures through increased vegetation Restoration of degraded or deforested lands \\n - reforestation or afforestation of degraded sites, where determined to be ecologically appropriate, ideally with native species \\n - establishment of renewable wood lots for firewood and charcoal \\n - restoration of riverine vegetation Reparation of critical public infrastructures for sanitation, water and transportation \\n - desilting of irrigation canals and construction of rainwater catchments or earth dams \\n - reparation of roads, drainage canals, groundwater wells, irrigation canals and sanitation infrastructure \\n - development of systems for municipal sanitation, including recycling and creation of designated areas for wasteThese types of activities are especially important in rural areas where many people depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. In urban areas, priority should be given to sanitation and access to water and health-related activities that will ensure that high-density areas are safe to live in. Activities designed to restore specific ecosystem functions, such as the restoration of mangroves to protect coastal communities from hurricanes or typhoons, or the stabilization of hillsides and mountains from heavy rains through reforestation or afforestation, can also improve the resiliency of local communities to the increased frequency of natural disasters that accompany climate change. These efforts can be integrated into broader climate security efforts as well, though interagency coordination.DDR practitioners should prioritize investment in infrastructure projects that strengthen environmental resilience against future crises like climate change and natural disasters. The objective of addressing natural resources during the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme is to improve strengthen environmental resilience and lay the groundwork for sound, sustainable management of natural resources. Where possible, reinsertion activities should be linked to longer-term reintegration support (see Table 4).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1438, "Sentence":"In urban areas, priority should be given to sanitation and access to water and health-related activities that will ensure that high-density areas are safe to live in.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources urban area priority given sanitation access water healthrelated activity ensure highdensity area safe live ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Quick-impact projects in natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"During reinsertion, DDR participants and beneficiaries can work on labour-intensive but unskilled activities that help them to build their capacity and contribute to natural resource management. Examples of specific activities are included in the box below.Box 4. Sample quick-impact projects Soil conservation and stabilization \\n - the construction of soil conservation structures, including terracing or planting of soil stabilizing vegetation \\n - stabilization of riverbanks and other natural flood control structures through increased vegetation Restoration of degraded or deforested lands \\n - reforestation or afforestation of degraded sites, where determined to be ecologically appropriate, ideally with native species \\n - establishment of renewable wood lots for firewood and charcoal \\n - restoration of riverine vegetation Reparation of critical public infrastructures for sanitation, water and transportation \\n - desilting of irrigation canals and construction of rainwater catchments or earth dams \\n - reparation of roads, drainage canals, groundwater wells, irrigation canals and sanitation infrastructure \\n - development of systems for municipal sanitation, including recycling and creation of designated areas for wasteThese types of activities are especially important in rural areas where many people depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. In urban areas, priority should be given to sanitation and access to water and health-related activities that will ensure that high-density areas are safe to live in. Activities designed to restore specific ecosystem functions, such as the restoration of mangroves to protect coastal communities from hurricanes or typhoons, or the stabilization of hillsides and mountains from heavy rains through reforestation or afforestation, can also improve the resiliency of local communities to the increased frequency of natural disasters that accompany climate change. These efforts can be integrated into broader climate security efforts as well, though interagency coordination.DDR practitioners should prioritize investment in infrastructure projects that strengthen environmental resilience against future crises like climate change and natural disasters. The objective of addressing natural resources during the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme is to improve strengthen environmental resilience and lay the groundwork for sound, sustainable management of natural resources. Where possible, reinsertion activities should be linked to longer-term reintegration support (see Table 4).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1438, "Sentence":"Activities designed to restore specific ecosystem functions, such as the restoration of mangroves to protect coastal communities from hurricanes or typhoons, or the stabilization of hillsides and mountains from heavy rains through reforestation or afforestation, can also improve the resiliency of local communities to the increased frequency of natural disasters that accompany climate change.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources activity designed restore specific ecosystem function restoration mangrove protect coastal community hurricane typhoon stabilization hillside mountain heavy rain reforestation afforestation also improve resiliency local community increased frequency natural disaster accompany climate change ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Quick-impact projects in natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"During reinsertion, DDR participants and beneficiaries can work on labour-intensive but unskilled activities that help them to build their capacity and contribute to natural resource management. Examples of specific activities are included in the box below.Box 4. Sample quick-impact projects Soil conservation and stabilization \\n - the construction of soil conservation structures, including terracing or planting of soil stabilizing vegetation \\n - stabilization of riverbanks and other natural flood control structures through increased vegetation Restoration of degraded or deforested lands \\n - reforestation or afforestation of degraded sites, where determined to be ecologically appropriate, ideally with native species \\n - establishment of renewable wood lots for firewood and charcoal \\n - restoration of riverine vegetation Reparation of critical public infrastructures for sanitation, water and transportation \\n - desilting of irrigation canals and construction of rainwater catchments or earth dams \\n - reparation of roads, drainage canals, groundwater wells, irrigation canals and sanitation infrastructure \\n - development of systems for municipal sanitation, including recycling and creation of designated areas for wasteThese types of activities are especially important in rural areas where many people depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. In urban areas, priority should be given to sanitation and access to water and health-related activities that will ensure that high-density areas are safe to live in. Activities designed to restore specific ecosystem functions, such as the restoration of mangroves to protect coastal communities from hurricanes or typhoons, or the stabilization of hillsides and mountains from heavy rains through reforestation or afforestation, can also improve the resiliency of local communities to the increased frequency of natural disasters that accompany climate change. These efforts can be integrated into broader climate security efforts as well, though interagency coordination.DDR practitioners should prioritize investment in infrastructure projects that strengthen environmental resilience against future crises like climate change and natural disasters. The objective of addressing natural resources during the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme is to improve strengthen environmental resilience and lay the groundwork for sound, sustainable management of natural resources. Where possible, reinsertion activities should be linked to longer-term reintegration support (see Table 4).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1438, "Sentence":"These efforts can be integrated into broader climate security efforts as well, though interagency coordination.DDR practitioners should prioritize investment in infrastructure projects that strengthen environmental resilience against future crises like climate change and natural disasters.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources effort integrated broader climate security effort well though interagency coordination.ddr practitioner prioritize investment infrastructure project strengthen environmental resilience future crisis like climate change natural disaster ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Quick-impact projects in natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"During reinsertion, DDR participants and beneficiaries can work on labour-intensive but unskilled activities that help them to build their capacity and contribute to natural resource management. Examples of specific activities are included in the box below.Box 4. Sample quick-impact projects Soil conservation and stabilization \\n - the construction of soil conservation structures, including terracing or planting of soil stabilizing vegetation \\n - stabilization of riverbanks and other natural flood control structures through increased vegetation Restoration of degraded or deforested lands \\n - reforestation or afforestation of degraded sites, where determined to be ecologically appropriate, ideally with native species \\n - establishment of renewable wood lots for firewood and charcoal \\n - restoration of riverine vegetation Reparation of critical public infrastructures for sanitation, water and transportation \\n - desilting of irrigation canals and construction of rainwater catchments or earth dams \\n - reparation of roads, drainage canals, groundwater wells, irrigation canals and sanitation infrastructure \\n - development of systems for municipal sanitation, including recycling and creation of designated areas for wasteThese types of activities are especially important in rural areas where many people depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. In urban areas, priority should be given to sanitation and access to water and health-related activities that will ensure that high-density areas are safe to live in. Activities designed to restore specific ecosystem functions, such as the restoration of mangroves to protect coastal communities from hurricanes or typhoons, or the stabilization of hillsides and mountains from heavy rains through reforestation or afforestation, can also improve the resiliency of local communities to the increased frequency of natural disasters that accompany climate change. These efforts can be integrated into broader climate security efforts as well, though interagency coordination.DDR practitioners should prioritize investment in infrastructure projects that strengthen environmental resilience against future crises like climate change and natural disasters. The objective of addressing natural resources during the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme is to improve strengthen environmental resilience and lay the groundwork for sound, sustainable management of natural resources. Where possible, reinsertion activities should be linked to longer-term reintegration support (see Table 4).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1438, "Sentence":"The objective of addressing natural resources during the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme is to improve strengthen environmental resilience and lay the groundwork for sound, sustainable management of natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources objective addressing natural resource reinsertion phase ddr programme improve strengthen environmental resilience lay groundwork sound sustainable management natural resource ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.1 Quick-impact projects in natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"During reinsertion, DDR participants and beneficiaries can work on labour-intensive but unskilled activities that help them to build their capacity and contribute to natural resource management. Examples of specific activities are included in the box below.Box 4. Sample quick-impact projects Soil conservation and stabilization \\n - the construction of soil conservation structures, including terracing or planting of soil stabilizing vegetation \\n - stabilization of riverbanks and other natural flood control structures through increased vegetation Restoration of degraded or deforested lands \\n - reforestation or afforestation of degraded sites, where determined to be ecologically appropriate, ideally with native species \\n - establishment of renewable wood lots for firewood and charcoal \\n - restoration of riverine vegetation Reparation of critical public infrastructures for sanitation, water and transportation \\n - desilting of irrigation canals and construction of rainwater catchments or earth dams \\n - reparation of roads, drainage canals, groundwater wells, irrigation canals and sanitation infrastructure \\n - development of systems for municipal sanitation, including recycling and creation of designated areas for wasteThese types of activities are especially important in rural areas where many people depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. In urban areas, priority should be given to sanitation and access to water and health-related activities that will ensure that high-density areas are safe to live in. Activities designed to restore specific ecosystem functions, such as the restoration of mangroves to protect coastal communities from hurricanes or typhoons, or the stabilization of hillsides and mountains from heavy rains through reforestation or afforestation, can also improve the resiliency of local communities to the increased frequency of natural disasters that accompany climate change. These efforts can be integrated into broader climate security efforts as well, though interagency coordination.DDR practitioners should prioritize investment in infrastructure projects that strengthen environmental resilience against future crises like climate change and natural disasters. The objective of addressing natural resources during the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme is to improve strengthen environmental resilience and lay the groundwork for sound, sustainable management of natural resources. Where possible, reinsertion activities should be linked to longer-term reintegration support (see Table 4).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1438, "Sentence":"Where possible, reinsertion activities should be linked to longer-term reintegration support (see Table 4).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources possible reinsertion activity linked longerterm reintegration support see table 4 ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Demining agricultural areas", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Landmines and explosive remnants of war take a heavy toll on people\u2019s livelihoods, countries\u2019 economic and social development, and peacebuilding efforts. Restoring agricultural lands to a productive state is paramount for supporting livelihoods and improving food security, two of the most important concerns in any conflict-affected setting. Demining fields and potential areas for livestock and agriculture will therefore provide an essential step to restoring safety and access to agricultural lands and to restoring the confidence of local populations in the peace process. To ensure that agricultural land is returned to safety and productivity as quickly as possible, where applicable, DDR programmes should seek specific demining expertise. Male and female DDR programme participants and beneficiaries may be trained in demining during the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme and be supported to continue this work over the longer-term reintegration phase.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1439, "Sentence":"Landmines and explosive remnants of war take a heavy toll on people\u2019s livelihoods, countries\u2019 economic and social development, and peacebuilding efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources landmines explosive remnant war take heavy toll people \u2019 livelihood country \u2019 economic social development peacebuilding effort ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Demining agricultural areas", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Landmines and explosive remnants of war take a heavy toll on people\u2019s livelihoods, countries\u2019 economic and social development, and peacebuilding efforts. Restoring agricultural lands to a productive state is paramount for supporting livelihoods and improving food security, two of the most important concerns in any conflict-affected setting. Demining fields and potential areas for livestock and agriculture will therefore provide an essential step to restoring safety and access to agricultural lands and to restoring the confidence of local populations in the peace process. To ensure that agricultural land is returned to safety and productivity as quickly as possible, where applicable, DDR programmes should seek specific demining expertise. Male and female DDR programme participants and beneficiaries may be trained in demining during the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme and be supported to continue this work over the longer-term reintegration phase.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1439, "Sentence":"Restoring agricultural lands to a productive state is paramount for supporting livelihoods and improving food security, two of the most important concerns in any conflict-affected setting.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources restoring agricultural land productive state paramount supporting livelihood improving food security two important concern conflictaffected setting ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Demining agricultural areas", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Landmines and explosive remnants of war take a heavy toll on people\u2019s livelihoods, countries\u2019 economic and social development, and peacebuilding efforts. Restoring agricultural lands to a productive state is paramount for supporting livelihoods and improving food security, two of the most important concerns in any conflict-affected setting. Demining fields and potential areas for livestock and agriculture will therefore provide an essential step to restoring safety and access to agricultural lands and to restoring the confidence of local populations in the peace process. To ensure that agricultural land is returned to safety and productivity as quickly as possible, where applicable, DDR programmes should seek specific demining expertise. Male and female DDR programme participants and beneficiaries may be trained in demining during the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme and be supported to continue this work over the longer-term reintegration phase.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1439, "Sentence":"Demining fields and potential areas for livestock and agriculture will therefore provide an essential step to restoring safety and access to agricultural lands and to restoring the confidence of local populations in the peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources demining field potential area livestock agriculture therefore provide essential step restoring safety access agricultural land restoring confidence local population peace process ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Demining agricultural areas", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Landmines and explosive remnants of war take a heavy toll on people\u2019s livelihoods, countries\u2019 economic and social development, and peacebuilding efforts. Restoring agricultural lands to a productive state is paramount for supporting livelihoods and improving food security, two of the most important concerns in any conflict-affected setting. Demining fields and potential areas for livestock and agriculture will therefore provide an essential step to restoring safety and access to agricultural lands and to restoring the confidence of local populations in the peace process. To ensure that agricultural land is returned to safety and productivity as quickly as possible, where applicable, DDR programmes should seek specific demining expertise. Male and female DDR programme participants and beneficiaries may be trained in demining during the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme and be supported to continue this work over the longer-term reintegration phase.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1439, "Sentence":"To ensure that agricultural land is returned to safety and productivity as quickly as possible, where applicable, DDR programmes should seek specific demining expertise.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ensure agricultural land returned safety productivity quickly possible applicable ddr programme seek specific demining expertise ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.2 Demining agricultural areas", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Landmines and explosive remnants of war take a heavy toll on people\u2019s livelihoods, countries\u2019 economic and social development, and peacebuilding efforts. Restoring agricultural lands to a productive state is paramount for supporting livelihoods and improving food security, two of the most important concerns in any conflict-affected setting. Demining fields and potential areas for livestock and agriculture will therefore provide an essential step to restoring safety and access to agricultural lands and to restoring the confidence of local populations in the peace process. To ensure that agricultural land is returned to safety and productivity as quickly as possible, where applicable, DDR programmes should seek specific demining expertise. Male and female DDR programme participants and beneficiaries may be trained in demining during the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme and be supported to continue this work over the longer-term reintegration phase.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1439, "Sentence":"Male and female DDR programme participants and beneficiaries may be trained in demining during the reinsertion phase of a DDR programme and be supported to continue this work over the longer-term reintegration phase.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources male female ddr programme participant beneficiary may trained demining reinsertion phase ddr programme supported continue work longerterm reintegration phase ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Disposal and management of waste from conflict", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Conflicts often result in a large amount of waste and debris from the destruction of infrastructure, buildings and other resources. Short-term public works programmes can be used to clean up this debris and to provide income for community members and former members of armed forces and groups. Participants can also be engaged in the training, employment and planning aspects of waste and debris management. Attention should be paid to health and safety regulations in such activities, since hazardous materials can be located within building materials and other debris. Expertise on safe disposal options should be sought. Barriers to the participation of specific needs groups should be identified and addressed.Demobilization: Key questions \\n - What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used to further exploit natural resources or engage in criminal activities? \\n - If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups in the realities of the lawful economic and social environment, including as it pertains to natural resources? \\n - What safeguards can be put in place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from continuing to engage in any illicit or licit exploitation, control over and\/or trade in natural resources linked to the conflict? \\n - What does demobilization offer that membership in armed forces and groups that are controlling or exploiting natural resources does not? Conversely, what does such membership in armed forces and groups offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n - How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups such as women and children who may have been recruited and used and\/or been victims of armed forces and groups involved in natural resource exploitation, control or trafficking in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1440, "Sentence":"Conflicts often result in a large amount of waste and debris from the destruction of infrastructure, buildings and other resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources conflict often result large amount waste debris destruction infrastructure building resource ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Disposal and management of waste from conflict", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Conflicts often result in a large amount of waste and debris from the destruction of infrastructure, buildings and other resources. Short-term public works programmes can be used to clean up this debris and to provide income for community members and former members of armed forces and groups. Participants can also be engaged in the training, employment and planning aspects of waste and debris management. Attention should be paid to health and safety regulations in such activities, since hazardous materials can be located within building materials and other debris. Expertise on safe disposal options should be sought. Barriers to the participation of specific needs groups should be identified and addressed.Demobilization: Key questions \\n - What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used to further exploit natural resources or engage in criminal activities? \\n - If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups in the realities of the lawful economic and social environment, including as it pertains to natural resources? \\n - What safeguards can be put in place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from continuing to engage in any illicit or licit exploitation, control over and\/or trade in natural resources linked to the conflict? \\n - What does demobilization offer that membership in armed forces and groups that are controlling or exploiting natural resources does not? Conversely, what does such membership in armed forces and groups offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n - How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups such as women and children who may have been recruited and used and\/or been victims of armed forces and groups involved in natural resource exploitation, control or trafficking in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1440, "Sentence":"Short-term public works programmes can be used to clean up this debris and to provide income for community members and former members of armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources shortterm public work programme used clean debris provide income community member former member armed force group ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Disposal and management of waste from conflict", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Conflicts often result in a large amount of waste and debris from the destruction of infrastructure, buildings and other resources. Short-term public works programmes can be used to clean up this debris and to provide income for community members and former members of armed forces and groups. Participants can also be engaged in the training, employment and planning aspects of waste and debris management. Attention should be paid to health and safety regulations in such activities, since hazardous materials can be located within building materials and other debris. Expertise on safe disposal options should be sought. Barriers to the participation of specific needs groups should be identified and addressed.Demobilization: Key questions \\n - What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used to further exploit natural resources or engage in criminal activities? \\n - If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups in the realities of the lawful economic and social environment, including as it pertains to natural resources? \\n - What safeguards can be put in place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from continuing to engage in any illicit or licit exploitation, control over and\/or trade in natural resources linked to the conflict? \\n - What does demobilization offer that membership in armed forces and groups that are controlling or exploiting natural resources does not? Conversely, what does such membership in armed forces and groups offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n - How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups such as women and children who may have been recruited and used and\/or been victims of armed forces and groups involved in natural resource exploitation, control or trafficking in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1440, "Sentence":"Participants can also be engaged in the training, employment and planning aspects of waste and debris management.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources participant also engaged training employment planning aspect waste debris management ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Disposal and management of waste from conflict", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Conflicts often result in a large amount of waste and debris from the destruction of infrastructure, buildings and other resources. Short-term public works programmes can be used to clean up this debris and to provide income for community members and former members of armed forces and groups. Participants can also be engaged in the training, employment and planning aspects of waste and debris management. Attention should be paid to health and safety regulations in such activities, since hazardous materials can be located within building materials and other debris. Expertise on safe disposal options should be sought. Barriers to the participation of specific needs groups should be identified and addressed.Demobilization: Key questions \\n - What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used to further exploit natural resources or engage in criminal activities? \\n - If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups in the realities of the lawful economic and social environment, including as it pertains to natural resources? \\n - What safeguards can be put in place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from continuing to engage in any illicit or licit exploitation, control over and\/or trade in natural resources linked to the conflict? \\n - What does demobilization offer that membership in armed forces and groups that are controlling or exploiting natural resources does not? Conversely, what does such membership in armed forces and groups offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n - How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups such as women and children who may have been recruited and used and\/or been victims of armed forces and groups involved in natural resource exploitation, control or trafficking in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1440, "Sentence":"Attention should be paid to health and safety regulations in such activities, since hazardous materials can be located within building materials and other debris.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources attention paid health safety regulation activity since hazardous material located within building material debris ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Disposal and management of waste from conflict", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Conflicts often result in a large amount of waste and debris from the destruction of infrastructure, buildings and other resources. Short-term public works programmes can be used to clean up this debris and to provide income for community members and former members of armed forces and groups. Participants can also be engaged in the training, employment and planning aspects of waste and debris management. Attention should be paid to health and safety regulations in such activities, since hazardous materials can be located within building materials and other debris. Expertise on safe disposal options should be sought. Barriers to the participation of specific needs groups should be identified and addressed.Demobilization: Key questions \\n - What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used to further exploit natural resources or engage in criminal activities? \\n - If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups in the realities of the lawful economic and social environment, including as it pertains to natural resources? \\n - What safeguards can be put in place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from continuing to engage in any illicit or licit exploitation, control over and\/or trade in natural resources linked to the conflict? \\n - What does demobilization offer that membership in armed forces and groups that are controlling or exploiting natural resources does not? Conversely, what does such membership in armed forces and groups offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n - How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups such as women and children who may have been recruited and used and\/or been victims of armed forces and groups involved in natural resource exploitation, control or trafficking in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1440, "Sentence":"Expertise on safe disposal options should be sought.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources expertise safe disposal option sought ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Disposal and management of waste from conflict", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Conflicts often result in a large amount of waste and debris from the destruction of infrastructure, buildings and other resources. Short-term public works programmes can be used to clean up this debris and to provide income for community members and former members of armed forces and groups. Participants can also be engaged in the training, employment and planning aspects of waste and debris management. Attention should be paid to health and safety regulations in such activities, since hazardous materials can be located within building materials and other debris. Expertise on safe disposal options should be sought. Barriers to the participation of specific needs groups should be identified and addressed.Demobilization: Key questions \\n - What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used to further exploit natural resources or engage in criminal activities? \\n - If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups in the realities of the lawful economic and social environment, including as it pertains to natural resources? \\n - What safeguards can be put in place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from continuing to engage in any illicit or licit exploitation, control over and\/or trade in natural resources linked to the conflict? \\n - What does demobilization offer that membership in armed forces and groups that are controlling or exploiting natural resources does not? Conversely, what does such membership in armed forces and groups offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n - How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups such as women and children who may have been recruited and used and\/or been victims of armed forces and groups involved in natural resource exploitation, control or trafficking in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1440, "Sentence":"Barriers to the participation of specific needs groups should be identified and addressed.Demobilization: Key questions \\n - What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used to further exploit natural resources or engage in criminal activities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources barrier participation specific need group identified addressed.demobilization key question n risk reinsertion assistance equip former member armed force group skill used exploit natural resource engage criminal activity" }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Disposal and management of waste from conflict", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Conflicts often result in a large amount of waste and debris from the destruction of infrastructure, buildings and other resources. Short-term public works programmes can be used to clean up this debris and to provide income for community members and former members of armed forces and groups. Participants can also be engaged in the training, employment and planning aspects of waste and debris management. Attention should be paid to health and safety regulations in such activities, since hazardous materials can be located within building materials and other debris. Expertise on safe disposal options should be sought. Barriers to the participation of specific needs groups should be identified and addressed.Demobilization: Key questions \\n - What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used to further exploit natural resources or engage in criminal activities? \\n - If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups in the realities of the lawful economic and social environment, including as it pertains to natural resources? \\n - What safeguards can be put in place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from continuing to engage in any illicit or licit exploitation, control over and\/or trade in natural resources linked to the conflict? \\n - What does demobilization offer that membership in armed forces and groups that are controlling or exploiting natural resources does not? Conversely, what does such membership in armed forces and groups offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n - How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups such as women and children who may have been recruited and used and\/or been victims of armed forces and groups involved in natural resource exploitation, control or trafficking in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1440, "Sentence":"\\n - If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups in the realities of the lawful economic and social environment, including as it pertains to natural resources?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n skill training catchup education provided part shortterm reinsertion assistance adequately initiate former member armed force group reality lawful economic social environment including pertains natural resource" }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Disposal and management of waste from conflict", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Conflicts often result in a large amount of waste and debris from the destruction of infrastructure, buildings and other resources. Short-term public works programmes can be used to clean up this debris and to provide income for community members and former members of armed forces and groups. Participants can also be engaged in the training, employment and planning aspects of waste and debris management. Attention should be paid to health and safety regulations in such activities, since hazardous materials can be located within building materials and other debris. Expertise on safe disposal options should be sought. Barriers to the participation of specific needs groups should be identified and addressed.Demobilization: Key questions \\n - What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used to further exploit natural resources or engage in criminal activities? \\n - If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups in the realities of the lawful economic and social environment, including as it pertains to natural resources? \\n - What safeguards can be put in place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from continuing to engage in any illicit or licit exploitation, control over and\/or trade in natural resources linked to the conflict? \\n - What does demobilization offer that membership in armed forces and groups that are controlling or exploiting natural resources does not? Conversely, what does such membership in armed forces and groups offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n - How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups such as women and children who may have been recruited and used and\/or been victims of armed forces and groups involved in natural resource exploitation, control or trafficking in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1440, "Sentence":"\\n - What safeguards can be put in place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from continuing to engage in any illicit or licit exploitation, control over and\/or trade in natural resources linked to the conflict?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n safeguard put place prevent former member armed force group continuing engage illicit licit exploitation control and\/or trade natural resource linked conflict" }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Disposal and management of waste from conflict", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Conflicts often result in a large amount of waste and debris from the destruction of infrastructure, buildings and other resources. Short-term public works programmes can be used to clean up this debris and to provide income for community members and former members of armed forces and groups. Participants can also be engaged in the training, employment and planning aspects of waste and debris management. Attention should be paid to health and safety regulations in such activities, since hazardous materials can be located within building materials and other debris. Expertise on safe disposal options should be sought. Barriers to the participation of specific needs groups should be identified and addressed.Demobilization: Key questions \\n - What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used to further exploit natural resources or engage in criminal activities? \\n - If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups in the realities of the lawful economic and social environment, including as it pertains to natural resources? \\n - What safeguards can be put in place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from continuing to engage in any illicit or licit exploitation, control over and\/or trade in natural resources linked to the conflict? \\n - What does demobilization offer that membership in armed forces and groups that are controlling or exploiting natural resources does not? Conversely, what does such membership in armed forces and groups offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n - How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups such as women and children who may have been recruited and used and\/or been victims of armed forces and groups involved in natural resource exploitation, control or trafficking in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1440, "Sentence":"\\n - What does demobilization offer that membership in armed forces and groups that are controlling or exploiting natural resources does not?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n demobilization offer membership armed force group controlling exploiting natural resource" }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Disposal and management of waste from conflict", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Conflicts often result in a large amount of waste and debris from the destruction of infrastructure, buildings and other resources. Short-term public works programmes can be used to clean up this debris and to provide income for community members and former members of armed forces and groups. Participants can also be engaged in the training, employment and planning aspects of waste and debris management. Attention should be paid to health and safety regulations in such activities, since hazardous materials can be located within building materials and other debris. Expertise on safe disposal options should be sought. Barriers to the participation of specific needs groups should be identified and addressed.Demobilization: Key questions \\n - What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used to further exploit natural resources or engage in criminal activities? \\n - If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups in the realities of the lawful economic and social environment, including as it pertains to natural resources? \\n - What safeguards can be put in place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from continuing to engage in any illicit or licit exploitation, control over and\/or trade in natural resources linked to the conflict? \\n - What does demobilization offer that membership in armed forces and groups that are controlling or exploiting natural resources does not? Conversely, what does such membership in armed forces and groups offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n - How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups such as women and children who may have been recruited and used and\/or been victims of armed forces and groups involved in natural resource exploitation, control or trafficking in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1440, "Sentence":"Conversely, what does such membership in armed forces and groups offer that demobilization does not?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources conversely membership armed force group offer demobilization" }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Disposal and management of waste from conflict", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Conflicts often result in a large amount of waste and debris from the destruction of infrastructure, buildings and other resources. Short-term public works programmes can be used to clean up this debris and to provide income for community members and former members of armed forces and groups. Participants can also be engaged in the training, employment and planning aspects of waste and debris management. Attention should be paid to health and safety regulations in such activities, since hazardous materials can be located within building materials and other debris. Expertise on safe disposal options should be sought. Barriers to the participation of specific needs groups should be identified and addressed.Demobilization: Key questions \\n - What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used to further exploit natural resources or engage in criminal activities? \\n - If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups in the realities of the lawful economic and social environment, including as it pertains to natural resources? \\n - What safeguards can be put in place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from continuing to engage in any illicit or licit exploitation, control over and\/or trade in natural resources linked to the conflict? \\n - What does demobilization offer that membership in armed forces and groups that are controlling or exploiting natural resources does not? Conversely, what does such membership in armed forces and groups offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n - How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups such as women and children who may have been recruited and used and\/or been victims of armed forces and groups involved in natural resource exploitation, control or trafficking in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1440, "Sentence":"What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources perceived benefit continued engagement illicit activity" }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.2 Demobilization", "Heading3":"7.2.3 Disposal and management of waste from conflict", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Conflicts often result in a large amount of waste and debris from the destruction of infrastructure, buildings and other resources. Short-term public works programmes can be used to clean up this debris and to provide income for community members and former members of armed forces and groups. Participants can also be engaged in the training, employment and planning aspects of waste and debris management. Attention should be paid to health and safety regulations in such activities, since hazardous materials can be located within building materials and other debris. Expertise on safe disposal options should be sought. Barriers to the participation of specific needs groups should be identified and addressed.Demobilization: Key questions \\n - What is the risk (if any) that reinsertion assistance will equip former members of armed forces and groups with skills that can be used to further exploit natural resources or engage in criminal activities? \\n - If skills training and catch-up education are provided as part of short-term reinsertion assistance, do they adequately initiate former members of armed forces and groups in the realities of the lawful economic and social environment, including as it pertains to natural resources? \\n - What safeguards can be put in place to prevent former members of armed forces and groups from continuing to engage in any illicit or licit exploitation, control over and\/or trade in natural resources linked to the conflict? \\n - What does demobilization offer that membership in armed forces and groups that are controlling or exploiting natural resources does not? Conversely, what does such membership in armed forces and groups offer that demobilization does not? What are the (perceived) benefits of continued engagement in illicit activities? \\n - How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups such as women and children who may have been recruited and used and\/or been victims of armed forces and groups involved in natural resource exploitation, control or trafficking in conflict?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1440, "Sentence":"\\n - How does demobilization address the specific needs of certain groups such as women and children who may have been recruited and used and\/or been victims of armed forces and groups involved in natural resource exploitation, control or trafficking in conflict?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n demobilization address specific need certain group woman child may recruited used and\/or victim armed force group involved natural resource exploitation control trafficking conflict" }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions. In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors. By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors. Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors. This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities. Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace. This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others. For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option. Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization. While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace. DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations. This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development. While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace. For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place. These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain. This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this. For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems. Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains. DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1441, "Sentence":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources guidance section intended complement iddrs 2.40 reintegration part sustaining peace iddrs 4.30 reintegration.ddr practitioner seek design reintegration activity involve natural resource support longterm sustainable livelihood intervention ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions. In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors. By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors. Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors. This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities. Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace. This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others. For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option. Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization. While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace. DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations. This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development. While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace. For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place. These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain. This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this. For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems. Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains. DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1441, "Sentence":"In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources conflict context natural resource management typically already part existing livelihood employment opportunity formal informal sector ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions. In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors. By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors. Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors. This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities. Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace. This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others. For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option. Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization. While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace. DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations. This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development. While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace. For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place. These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain. This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this. For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems. Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains. DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1441, "Sentence":"By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources carefully assessing including natural resource management consideration including foreseen impact potential threat climate change reintegration effort ddr practitioner help improve sustainability resiliency key livelihood sector ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions. In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors. By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors. Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors. This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities. Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace. This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others. For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option. Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization. While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace. DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations. This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development. While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace. For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place. These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain. This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this. For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems. Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains. DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1441, "Sentence":"Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources together national stakeholder interagency coordination promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathway support key natural resource sector transition war economy come alignment national development priorities.engaging private sector reintegration phase ddr programme also opportunity formalize natural resource sector ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions. In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors. By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors. Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors. This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities. Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace. This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others. For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option. Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization. While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace. DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations. This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development. While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace. For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place. These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain. This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this. For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems. Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains. DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1441, "Sentence":"This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources especially important sector part root cause conflict continue exploited finance conflict ex combatant may already engaged informal employment incomegenerating activity ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions. In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors. By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors. Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors. This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities. Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace. This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others. For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option. Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization. While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace. DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations. This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development. While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace. For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place. These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain. This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this. For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems. Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains. DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1441, "Sentence":"Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources changing sector help move entire context conflict towards sustainable peace ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions. In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors. By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors. Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors. This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities. Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace. This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others. For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option. Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization. While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace. DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations. This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development. While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace. For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place. These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain. This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this. For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems. Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains. DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1441, "Sentence":"This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources especially true country significant potential development key natural resource sector whether extractives others ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions. In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors. By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors. Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors. This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities. Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace. This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others. For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option. Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization. While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace. DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations. This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development. While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace. For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place. These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain. This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this. For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems. Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains. DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1441, "Sentence":"For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources example individual may join armed group order access employment opportunity mining sector experience shown prefer work mine regulated formal economy option ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions. In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors. By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors. Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors. This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities. Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace. This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others. For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option. Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization. While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace. DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations. This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development. While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace. For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place. These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain. This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this. For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems. Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains. DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1441, "Sentence":"Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources support formalization natural resource sector may support reduced recruitment creation formal employment opportunity provide tax revenue state subject national law including labour regulations.ddr practitioner must also consider national international private sector actor key contributor economic revitalization ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions. In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors. By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors. Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors. This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities. Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace. This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others. For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option. Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization. While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace. DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations. This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development. While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace. For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place. These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain. This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this. For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems. Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains. DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1441, "Sentence":"While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources difficult get accurate information activity private company agreement government conflict ddr programme offer opportunity engage private sector enhance existing employment opportunity encourage support sustainable peace ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions. In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors. By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors. Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors. This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities. Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace. This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others. For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option. Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization. While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace. DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations. This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development. While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace. For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place. These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain. This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this. For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems. Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains. DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1441, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner determine impact dependency private sector natural resource part assessment actively engage local international private company explore opportunity generate employment support community development collaboration ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions. In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors. By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors. Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors. This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities. Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace. This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others. For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option. Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization. While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace. DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations. This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development. While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace. For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place. These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain. This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this. For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems. Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains. DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1441, "Sentence":"This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources help identify existing upcoming private sector company could engaged supply training employment ddr programme participant beneficiaries.in natural resource sector private company also provide muchneeded expertise support infrastructure development ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions. In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors. By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors. Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors. This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities. Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace. This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others. For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option. Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization. While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace. DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations. This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development. While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace. For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place. These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain. This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this. For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems. Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains. DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1441, "Sentence":"While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources encouraged ddr practitioner must also aware national policy enforcement capacity also need place order contribute sustainable peace ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions. In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors. By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors. Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors. This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities. Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace. This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others. For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option. Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization. While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace. DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations. This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development. While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace. For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place. These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain. This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this. For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems. Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains. DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1441, "Sentence":"For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources example country government granting concession private entity exploitation extractive agricultural resource sufficient due diligence requirement transparency must place ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions. In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors. By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors. Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors. This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities. Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace. This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others. For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option. Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization. While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace. DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations. This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development. While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace. For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place. These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain. This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this. For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems. Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains. DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1441, "Sentence":"These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources include ability local community monitor company activity existence enforcement accompanying process free prior informed consent fpic principle international norm included un guiding principle business human rights.formalizing sector contribute global supply chain including mineral timber highdemand agricultural commodity requires understanding existing supply chain ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions. In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors. By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors. Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors. This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities. Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace. This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others. For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option. Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization. While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace. DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations. This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development. While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace. For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place. These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain. This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this. For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems. Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains. DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1441, "Sentence":"This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources could mean working existing actor effort contributing improved transparency traceability engagement emerging technology system support ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions. In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors. By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors. Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors. This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities. Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace. This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others. For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option. Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization. While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace. DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations. This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development. While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace. For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place. These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain. This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this. For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems. Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains. DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1441, "Sentence":"For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources instance due diligence effort mineral supply chain increasingly digitized thereby reducing risk fraud present paperbased system ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions. In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors. By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors. Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors. This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities. Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace. This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others. For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option. Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization. While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace. DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations. This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development. While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace. For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place. These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain. This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this. For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems. Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains. DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1441, "Sentence":"Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources electronic system also enable clearer tracing downstream company implicated mineral supply chain also subject regulation governing risk exposure conflict supply chain ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"The guidance in this section is intended to complement IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration.DDR practitioners should seek to design reintegration activities that involve natural resources and support long-term sustainable livelihoods interventions. In conflict contexts, natural resource management is typically already a part of existing livelihoods and employment opportunities, in both formal and informal sectors. By carefully assessing and including natural resource management considerations - including foreseen impacts and potential threats from climate change - into reintegration efforts, DDR practitioners can help improve sustainability and resiliency in these key livelihoods sectors. Together with national stakeholders and interagency coordination, promoting sound natural resource management may also create pathways to support key natural resource sectors to transition from the war economy and come into alignment with national development priorities.Engaging the private sector in the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is also an opportunity to formalize natural resource sectors. This is especially important for sectors that have been part of the root causes of conflict, continue to be exploited to finance conflict, or where ex- combatants may already be engaged in informal employment or other income-generating activities. Changing these sectors helps to move the entire context from conflict towards sustainable peace. This is especially true in countries with significant potential for development of key natural resource sectors, whether in extractives or others. For example, individuals may join armed groups in order to access employment opportunities in the mining sector, but experience has shown that they prefer to work in mines regulated in the formal economy if they have the option. Support for the formalization of natural resource sectors may support both reduced recruitment and the creation of formal employment opportunities that will provide tax revenues for the State and be subject to national laws, including labour regulations.DDR practitioners must also consider both national and international private sector actors as key contributors to economic revitalization. While it can be difficult to get accurate information on the activities of private companies and their agreements with governments before, during and after conflict, DDR programmes offer an opportunity to engage with the private sector to enhance existing employment opportunities and to encourage their support for sustainable peace. DDR practitioners should determine the impacts and dependencies of the private sector on natural resources as part of their assessments and actively engage with local and international private companies to explore opportunities to generate employment and support community development through collaborations. This can help to identify existing and upcoming private sector companies that could be engaged to supply training and employment to DDR programme participants and beneficiaries.In natural resource sectors, private companies can also provide much-needed expertise and support for infrastructure development. While this should be encouraged, DDR practitioners must also be aware that national policies and enforcement capacities also need to be in place in order for this to contribute to sustainable peace. For example, in countries where the government is granting concessions to private entities for the exploitation of extractive or agricultural resources, sufficient due diligence requirements for transparency must be in place. These can include the ability for local communities to monitor company activities and the existence and enforcement of accompanying processes such as Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and other principles of international norms included in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.Formalizing sectors that contribute to global supply chains, including minerals, timber, or other high-demand agricultural commodities requires understanding the existing supply chain. This could mean working with existing actors and efforts contributing to improved transparency, traceability and engagement of emerging technologies and systems to support this. For instance, due diligence efforts in mineral supply chains are increasingly being digitized, thereby reducing the risk of fraud present with paper-based systems. Electronic systems also enable clearer tracing to downstream companies implicated in mineral supply chains that are also subject to regulations governing their risk of exposure to conflict in their supply chains. DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1441, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should engage with these efforts to identify ways to target and improve employment opportunities for those participating in reintegration programmes, as well as to help contribute to the overall stabilization of these sectors and their contribution to sustainable peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner engage effort identify way target improve employment opportunity participating reintegration programme well help contribute overall stabilization sector contribution sustainable peace ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources value chain defined full range interrelated productive activity performed organization different geographical location produce good service conception complete production delivery final consumer ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources value chain encompasses production process also includes raw material network flow information incentive people involved various stage ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources important note value chain may involve several product including waste byproducts.each step value chain process allows employment incomegenerating opportunity ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources value chain approach especially useful natural resource management sector forestry nontimber forest product seed bark resin fruit medicinal plant etc ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources fishery agriculture mining energy water management waste management ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources value chain approach aid strengthening market opportunity available support reintegration effort including improving clean technology support production method accessing new growing market scaling employment incomegeneration activity based natural resource ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner may use value chain approach enhance reintegration opportunity link opportunity across various sectors.22engaging different natural resource sector extremely contentious conflict setting ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources reduce grievance existing tension shared resource ddr practitioner undertake careful assessment community consultation shall undertaken including beneficiary economic reintegration opportunity natural resource sector ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources described un employment policy community participation issue help mitigate potential cause conflict including access water land natural resource ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources capacitybuilding within government also need take place ensure fair equitable benefitsharing local economic recovery.reintegration programme benefit engagement private sector entity identify value chain development opportunity local level placement international market ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources order activity undertaken reintegration continue successfully beyond end reintegration effort community local authority need placed centre decisionmaking around use natural resource sector developed going forward ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources therefore essential natural resourcebased reintegration programme conducted input community local civil society well government ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources moving step communitybased natural resource management cbnrm approach seek increase related economic opportunity support local ownership natural resource management decision including woman youth representative cbnrm committee village development committee provide community strong incentive sustainably manage natural resource ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources inclusive approach cbnrm ddr practitioner may ensure community technical support need manage natural resource support economic activity build social cohesion.box 5 ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources consideration improve reconciliation dialogue cbnrm cbnrm also contribute social cohesion dialogue reconciliation considered explicit outcome reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources achieve ddr practitioner analyse following opportunity design phase n identification shared natural resource communal land water resource forest assessment phase including analysis group may seen legitimate authority decisionmakers particular resource ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"\\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n establishment decisionmaking body manage communal natural resource participatory inclusive process inclusion woman youth 36 marginalized group ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources special attention paid safety woman girl accessing resource ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"\\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n outreach indigenous people local community group local knowledge natural resource management inform design intervention integration group technical assistance overall support reintegration effort ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"\\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n outset ddr programme assessment analysis phase identify location potential \u201c hotspot \u201d natural resource may create tension group well opportunity environmental cooperation joint planning complement reinforce reconciliation peacebuilding effort ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"\\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n make dialogue confidencebuilding ddr participant community integral part environmental project reintegration ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"\\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n build reintegration option existing communitybased system tradition natural resource management potential source postconflict peacebuilding working ensure broadly inclusive different specific need group including woman youth person disabilities.due different role gendered division labour female male community member may different natural resourcerelated knowledge skill need considered planning implementing cbnrm activity ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources education access information essential component community empowerment cbnrm programme ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources term natural resource mean ddr practitioner work ensure community specific need group fully informed risk opportunity related natural resource environment area live ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.1 Value chain approaches and community-based natural resource management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"Value chains are defined as the full range of interrelated productive activities performed by organizations in different geographical locations to produce a good or service from conception to complete production and delivery to the final consumer. A value chain encompasses more than the production process and also includes the raw materials, networks, flow of information and incentives between people involved at various stages. It is important to note that value chains may involve several products, including waste and by-products.Each step in a value chain process allows for employment and income-generating opportunities. Value chain approaches are especially useful for natural resource management sectors such as forestry, non-timber forest products (such as seeds, bark, resins, fruits, medicinal plants, etc.), fisheries, agriculture, mining, energy, water management and waste management. A value chain approach can aid in strengthening the market opportunities available to support reintegration efforts, including improving clean technology to support production methods, accessing new and growing markets and scaling employment and income-generation activities that are based on natural resources. DDR practitioners may use value chain approaches to enhance reintegration opportunities and to link opportunities across various sectors.22Engaging in different natural resource sectors can be extremely contentious in conflict settings. To reduce any grievances or existing tensions over shared resources, DDR practitioners should undertake careful assessments and community consultations shall be undertaken before including beneficiaries in economic reintegration opportunities in natural resource sectors. As described in the UN Employment Policy, community participation in these issues can help mitigate potential causes of conflict, including access to water, land or other natural resources. Capacity-building within the government will also need to take place to ensure fair and equitable benefit-sharing during local economic recovery.Reintegration programmes can benefit from engagement with private sector entities to identify value chain development opportunities; these can be at the local level or for placement on international markets. In order for the activities undertaken during reintegration to continue successfully beyond the end of reintegration efforts, communities and local authorities need to be placed at the centre of decision-making around the use of natural resources and how those sectors will be developed going forward. It is therefore essential that natural resource-based reintegration programmes be conducted with input from communities and local civil society as well as the government. Moving a step further, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approaches, which seek to increase related economic opportunities and support local ownership over natural resource management decisions, including by having women and youth representatives in CBNRM committees or village development committees, provide communities with strong incentives to sustainably manage natural resources themselves. Through an inclusive approach to CBNRM, DDR practitioners may ensure that communities have the technical support they need to manage natural resources to support their economic activities and build social cohesion.Box 5. Considerations to improve reconciliation and dialogue through CBNRM CBNRM can also contribute to social cohesion, dialogue and reconciliation, where these are considered as an explicit outcome of the reintegration programme. To achieve this, DDR practitioners should analyse the following opportunities during the design phase: \\n - Identification of shared natural resources, such as communal lands, water resources, or forests during the assessment phase, including analysis of which groups may be seen as the legitimate authorities and decision-makers over the particular resource. \\n - Establishment of decision-making bodies to manage communal natural resources through participatory and inclusive processes, with the inclusion of women, youth, and 36 marginalized groups. Special attention paid to the safety of women and girls when accessing these resources. \\n - Outreach to indigenous peoples and local communities, or other groups with local knowledge on natural resource management to inform the design of any interventions and integration of these groups for technical assistance or overall support to reintegration efforts. \\n - At the outset of the DDR programme and during the assessment and analysis phases, identify locations or potential \u201chotspots\u201d where natural resources may create tensions between groups, as well as opportunities for environmental cooperation and joint planning to complement and reinforce reconciliation and peacebuilding efforts. \\n - Make dialogue and confidence-building between DDR participants and communities an integral part of environmental projects during reintegration. \\n - Build reintegration options on existing community-based systems and traditions of natural resource management as potential sources for post-conflict peacebuilding, while working to ensure that they are broadly inclusive of different specific needs groups, including women, youth and persons with disabilities.Due to their different roles and gendered divisions of labour, female and male community members may have different natural resource-related knowledge skills and needs that should be considered when planning and implementing CBNRM activities. Education and access to information is an essential component of community empowerment and CBNRM programmes. In terms of natural resources, this means that DDR practitioners should work to ensure that communities and specific needs groups are fully informed of the risks and opportunities related to the natural resources and environment in the areas where they live. Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1442, "Sentence":"Providing communities with the tools and resources to manage natural resources can empower them to take ownership and to seek further engagement and accountability from the Government and private sector regarding natural resource management and governance.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources providing community tool resource manage natural resource empower take ownership seek engagement accountability government private sector regarding natural resource management governance ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.2 Reintegration support and land rights", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"In both rural and urban contexts, property rights, land tenure and access to land may underpin grievances and lead to further disputes or conflicts that undermine reintegration and sustainable peace. Land issues can be particularly complicated in countries where land governance frameworks and accompanying laws are not fully in place, where tenure systems do not exist or are contested, and where there are not due processes to resolve conflicts over land rights. In many cases, the State may claim rights to land that communities claim historical rights to and grant these lands to companies as concessions for extractive resources or to develop agricultural resources for trade in domestic and international markets.In these cases, DDR practitioners should carefully analyse the existing state of land tenure and related grievances to understand how they relate to the conflict context and may contribute to or undermine sustainable peace. Interagency cooperation and collaboration with national authorities will be essential for this, especially close collaboration with civil society and representatives of local communities. Where possible, addressing land-related grievances should be a priority for DDR practitioners, with support from experts and other agencies with mandates and resources to undertake the necessary efforts to improve the land tenure system of a particular context.DDR practitioners shall follow international guidelines for land tenure in the assessment, design and implementation phase of reintegration programmes. Since land tenure issues are a long- term development challenge, it is essential that DDR practitioners work with other specialized agencies to address this and ensure that land tenure reform efforts continue after the reintegration programme has come to an end.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1443, "Sentence":"In both rural and urban contexts, property rights, land tenure and access to land may underpin grievances and lead to further disputes or conflicts that undermine reintegration and sustainable peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources rural urban context property right land tenure access land may underpin grievance lead dispute conflict undermine reintegration sustainable peace ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.2 Reintegration support and land rights", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"In both rural and urban contexts, property rights, land tenure and access to land may underpin grievances and lead to further disputes or conflicts that undermine reintegration and sustainable peace. Land issues can be particularly complicated in countries where land governance frameworks and accompanying laws are not fully in place, where tenure systems do not exist or are contested, and where there are not due processes to resolve conflicts over land rights. In many cases, the State may claim rights to land that communities claim historical rights to and grant these lands to companies as concessions for extractive resources or to develop agricultural resources for trade in domestic and international markets.In these cases, DDR practitioners should carefully analyse the existing state of land tenure and related grievances to understand how they relate to the conflict context and may contribute to or undermine sustainable peace. Interagency cooperation and collaboration with national authorities will be essential for this, especially close collaboration with civil society and representatives of local communities. Where possible, addressing land-related grievances should be a priority for DDR practitioners, with support from experts and other agencies with mandates and resources to undertake the necessary efforts to improve the land tenure system of a particular context.DDR practitioners shall follow international guidelines for land tenure in the assessment, design and implementation phase of reintegration programmes. Since land tenure issues are a long- term development challenge, it is essential that DDR practitioners work with other specialized agencies to address this and ensure that land tenure reform efforts continue after the reintegration programme has come to an end.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1443, "Sentence":"Land issues can be particularly complicated in countries where land governance frameworks and accompanying laws are not fully in place, where tenure systems do not exist or are contested, and where there are not due processes to resolve conflicts over land rights.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources land issue particularly complicated country land governance framework accompanying law fully place tenure system exist contested due process resolve conflict land right ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.2 Reintegration support and land rights", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"In both rural and urban contexts, property rights, land tenure and access to land may underpin grievances and lead to further disputes or conflicts that undermine reintegration and sustainable peace. Land issues can be particularly complicated in countries where land governance frameworks and accompanying laws are not fully in place, where tenure systems do not exist or are contested, and where there are not due processes to resolve conflicts over land rights. In many cases, the State may claim rights to land that communities claim historical rights to and grant these lands to companies as concessions for extractive resources or to develop agricultural resources for trade in domestic and international markets.In these cases, DDR practitioners should carefully analyse the existing state of land tenure and related grievances to understand how they relate to the conflict context and may contribute to or undermine sustainable peace. Interagency cooperation and collaboration with national authorities will be essential for this, especially close collaboration with civil society and representatives of local communities. Where possible, addressing land-related grievances should be a priority for DDR practitioners, with support from experts and other agencies with mandates and resources to undertake the necessary efforts to improve the land tenure system of a particular context.DDR practitioners shall follow international guidelines for land tenure in the assessment, design and implementation phase of reintegration programmes. Since land tenure issues are a long- term development challenge, it is essential that DDR practitioners work with other specialized agencies to address this and ensure that land tenure reform efforts continue after the reintegration programme has come to an end.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1443, "Sentence":"In many cases, the State may claim rights to land that communities claim historical rights to and grant these lands to companies as concessions for extractive resources or to develop agricultural resources for trade in domestic and international markets.In these cases, DDR practitioners should carefully analyse the existing state of land tenure and related grievances to understand how they relate to the conflict context and may contribute to or undermine sustainable peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources many case state may claim right land community claim historical right grant land company concession extractive resource develop agricultural resource trade domestic international markets.in case ddr practitioner carefully analyse existing state land tenure related grievance understand relate conflict context may contribute undermine sustainable peace ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.2 Reintegration support and land rights", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"In both rural and urban contexts, property rights, land tenure and access to land may underpin grievances and lead to further disputes or conflicts that undermine reintegration and sustainable peace. Land issues can be particularly complicated in countries where land governance frameworks and accompanying laws are not fully in place, where tenure systems do not exist or are contested, and where there are not due processes to resolve conflicts over land rights. In many cases, the State may claim rights to land that communities claim historical rights to and grant these lands to companies as concessions for extractive resources or to develop agricultural resources for trade in domestic and international markets.In these cases, DDR practitioners should carefully analyse the existing state of land tenure and related grievances to understand how they relate to the conflict context and may contribute to or undermine sustainable peace. Interagency cooperation and collaboration with national authorities will be essential for this, especially close collaboration with civil society and representatives of local communities. Where possible, addressing land-related grievances should be a priority for DDR practitioners, with support from experts and other agencies with mandates and resources to undertake the necessary efforts to improve the land tenure system of a particular context.DDR practitioners shall follow international guidelines for land tenure in the assessment, design and implementation phase of reintegration programmes. Since land tenure issues are a long- term development challenge, it is essential that DDR practitioners work with other specialized agencies to address this and ensure that land tenure reform efforts continue after the reintegration programme has come to an end.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1443, "Sentence":"Interagency cooperation and collaboration with national authorities will be essential for this, especially close collaboration with civil society and representatives of local communities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources interagency cooperation collaboration national authority essential especially close collaboration civil society representative local community ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.2 Reintegration support and land rights", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"In both rural and urban contexts, property rights, land tenure and access to land may underpin grievances and lead to further disputes or conflicts that undermine reintegration and sustainable peace. Land issues can be particularly complicated in countries where land governance frameworks and accompanying laws are not fully in place, where tenure systems do not exist or are contested, and where there are not due processes to resolve conflicts over land rights. In many cases, the State may claim rights to land that communities claim historical rights to and grant these lands to companies as concessions for extractive resources or to develop agricultural resources for trade in domestic and international markets.In these cases, DDR practitioners should carefully analyse the existing state of land tenure and related grievances to understand how they relate to the conflict context and may contribute to or undermine sustainable peace. Interagency cooperation and collaboration with national authorities will be essential for this, especially close collaboration with civil society and representatives of local communities. Where possible, addressing land-related grievances should be a priority for DDR practitioners, with support from experts and other agencies with mandates and resources to undertake the necessary efforts to improve the land tenure system of a particular context.DDR practitioners shall follow international guidelines for land tenure in the assessment, design and implementation phase of reintegration programmes. Since land tenure issues are a long- term development challenge, it is essential that DDR practitioners work with other specialized agencies to address this and ensure that land tenure reform efforts continue after the reintegration programme has come to an end.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1443, "Sentence":"Where possible, addressing land-related grievances should be a priority for DDR practitioners, with support from experts and other agencies with mandates and resources to undertake the necessary efforts to improve the land tenure system of a particular context.DDR practitioners shall follow international guidelines for land tenure in the assessment, design and implementation phase of reintegration programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources possible addressing landrelated grievance priority ddr practitioner support expert agency mandate resource undertake necessary effort improve land tenure system particular context.ddr practitioner shall follow international guideline land tenure assessment design implementation phase reintegration programme ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.2 Reintegration support and land rights", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"In both rural and urban contexts, property rights, land tenure and access to land may underpin grievances and lead to further disputes or conflicts that undermine reintegration and sustainable peace. Land issues can be particularly complicated in countries where land governance frameworks and accompanying laws are not fully in place, where tenure systems do not exist or are contested, and where there are not due processes to resolve conflicts over land rights. In many cases, the State may claim rights to land that communities claim historical rights to and grant these lands to companies as concessions for extractive resources or to develop agricultural resources for trade in domestic and international markets.In these cases, DDR practitioners should carefully analyse the existing state of land tenure and related grievances to understand how they relate to the conflict context and may contribute to or undermine sustainable peace. Interagency cooperation and collaboration with national authorities will be essential for this, especially close collaboration with civil society and representatives of local communities. Where possible, addressing land-related grievances should be a priority for DDR practitioners, with support from experts and other agencies with mandates and resources to undertake the necessary efforts to improve the land tenure system of a particular context.DDR practitioners shall follow international guidelines for land tenure in the assessment, design and implementation phase of reintegration programmes. Since land tenure issues are a long- term development challenge, it is essential that DDR practitioners work with other specialized agencies to address this and ensure that land tenure reform efforts continue after the reintegration programme has come to an end.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1443, "Sentence":"Since land tenure issues are a long- term development challenge, it is essential that DDR practitioners work with other specialized agencies to address this and ensure that land tenure reform efforts continue after the reintegration programme has come to an end.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources since land tenure issue long term development challenge essential ddr practitioner work specialized agency address ensure land tenure reform effort continue reintegration programme come end ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.3 Reintegration support and agriculture and fisheries", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"In many conflict contexts, agriculture and fisheries are mainstays of economic activities and subsistence livelihoods. However, the resources needed for these activities, including access to land, livestock and grazing areas, or boats can be compromised or destroyed by conflict. Seasonal patterns associated with agriculture and fisheries activities are to be accounted for when providing reintegration support and in particular when aiming at the promotion of income-generation activities. DDR practitioners should analyse the agricultural sector to understand which crops are most important for livelihoods and work with experts to determine how reintegration efforts can support the revitalization of the sector after conflict, including consideration of seasonality of agricultural activities and any associated migration patterns, as well as changing climate and rainfall patterns that are likely to affect agriculture. As described at the beginning of this section, a value chain and CBNRM approach to these sectors can help to maximize the opportunities and success of reintegration efforts by supporting improved production and processing of a particular agricultural commodity or fisheries product. DDR practitioners should seek experts from national institutions, local communities and interagency partners to bring as much technical expertise and resources to bear as possible, including perspectives on which crop species and methods may yield the greatest impact in terms of resiliency, sustainability and climate change adaptation.Improving resiliency in the agricultural sector should be a high priority for DDR practitioners, with considerations for shifting rainfall patterns and the need for responsive mitigation factors related to climate change prioritized. Access to water, technology to manage crop seasons and improved varieties that are drought-tolerant are some of the factors that DDR practitioners can take into consideration. DDR practitioners should consult experts for technical recommendations to improve the resiliency of reintegration programmes in the agriculture sector, both in terms of ecological and technological improvements, as well as links and connections to markets and supply chains to improve prospects for long-term economic recovery.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1444, "Sentence":"In many conflict contexts, agriculture and fisheries are mainstays of economic activities and subsistence livelihoods.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources many conflict context agriculture fishery mainstay economic activity subsistence livelihood ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.3 Reintegration support and agriculture and fisheries", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"In many conflict contexts, agriculture and fisheries are mainstays of economic activities and subsistence livelihoods. However, the resources needed for these activities, including access to land, livestock and grazing areas, or boats can be compromised or destroyed by conflict. Seasonal patterns associated with agriculture and fisheries activities are to be accounted for when providing reintegration support and in particular when aiming at the promotion of income-generation activities. DDR practitioners should analyse the agricultural sector to understand which crops are most important for livelihoods and work with experts to determine how reintegration efforts can support the revitalization of the sector after conflict, including consideration of seasonality of agricultural activities and any associated migration patterns, as well as changing climate and rainfall patterns that are likely to affect agriculture. As described at the beginning of this section, a value chain and CBNRM approach to these sectors can help to maximize the opportunities and success of reintegration efforts by supporting improved production and processing of a particular agricultural commodity or fisheries product. DDR practitioners should seek experts from national institutions, local communities and interagency partners to bring as much technical expertise and resources to bear as possible, including perspectives on which crop species and methods may yield the greatest impact in terms of resiliency, sustainability and climate change adaptation.Improving resiliency in the agricultural sector should be a high priority for DDR practitioners, with considerations for shifting rainfall patterns and the need for responsive mitigation factors related to climate change prioritized. Access to water, technology to manage crop seasons and improved varieties that are drought-tolerant are some of the factors that DDR practitioners can take into consideration. DDR practitioners should consult experts for technical recommendations to improve the resiliency of reintegration programmes in the agriculture sector, both in terms of ecological and technological improvements, as well as links and connections to markets and supply chains to improve prospects for long-term economic recovery.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1444, "Sentence":"However, the resources needed for these activities, including access to land, livestock and grazing areas, or boats can be compromised or destroyed by conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources however resource needed activity including access land livestock grazing area boat compromised destroyed conflict ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.3 Reintegration support and agriculture and fisheries", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"In many conflict contexts, agriculture and fisheries are mainstays of economic activities and subsistence livelihoods. However, the resources needed for these activities, including access to land, livestock and grazing areas, or boats can be compromised or destroyed by conflict. Seasonal patterns associated with agriculture and fisheries activities are to be accounted for when providing reintegration support and in particular when aiming at the promotion of income-generation activities. DDR practitioners should analyse the agricultural sector to understand which crops are most important for livelihoods and work with experts to determine how reintegration efforts can support the revitalization of the sector after conflict, including consideration of seasonality of agricultural activities and any associated migration patterns, as well as changing climate and rainfall patterns that are likely to affect agriculture. As described at the beginning of this section, a value chain and CBNRM approach to these sectors can help to maximize the opportunities and success of reintegration efforts by supporting improved production and processing of a particular agricultural commodity or fisheries product. DDR practitioners should seek experts from national institutions, local communities and interagency partners to bring as much technical expertise and resources to bear as possible, including perspectives on which crop species and methods may yield the greatest impact in terms of resiliency, sustainability and climate change adaptation.Improving resiliency in the agricultural sector should be a high priority for DDR practitioners, with considerations for shifting rainfall patterns and the need for responsive mitigation factors related to climate change prioritized. Access to water, technology to manage crop seasons and improved varieties that are drought-tolerant are some of the factors that DDR practitioners can take into consideration. DDR practitioners should consult experts for technical recommendations to improve the resiliency of reintegration programmes in the agriculture sector, both in terms of ecological and technological improvements, as well as links and connections to markets and supply chains to improve prospects for long-term economic recovery.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1444, "Sentence":"Seasonal patterns associated with agriculture and fisheries activities are to be accounted for when providing reintegration support and in particular when aiming at the promotion of income-generation activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources seasonal pattern associated agriculture fishery activity accounted providing reintegration support particular aiming promotion incomegeneration activity ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.3 Reintegration support and agriculture and fisheries", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"In many conflict contexts, agriculture and fisheries are mainstays of economic activities and subsistence livelihoods. However, the resources needed for these activities, including access to land, livestock and grazing areas, or boats can be compromised or destroyed by conflict. Seasonal patterns associated with agriculture and fisheries activities are to be accounted for when providing reintegration support and in particular when aiming at the promotion of income-generation activities. DDR practitioners should analyse the agricultural sector to understand which crops are most important for livelihoods and work with experts to determine how reintegration efforts can support the revitalization of the sector after conflict, including consideration of seasonality of agricultural activities and any associated migration patterns, as well as changing climate and rainfall patterns that are likely to affect agriculture. As described at the beginning of this section, a value chain and CBNRM approach to these sectors can help to maximize the opportunities and success of reintegration efforts by supporting improved production and processing of a particular agricultural commodity or fisheries product. DDR practitioners should seek experts from national institutions, local communities and interagency partners to bring as much technical expertise and resources to bear as possible, including perspectives on which crop species and methods may yield the greatest impact in terms of resiliency, sustainability and climate change adaptation.Improving resiliency in the agricultural sector should be a high priority for DDR practitioners, with considerations for shifting rainfall patterns and the need for responsive mitigation factors related to climate change prioritized. Access to water, technology to manage crop seasons and improved varieties that are drought-tolerant are some of the factors that DDR practitioners can take into consideration. DDR practitioners should consult experts for technical recommendations to improve the resiliency of reintegration programmes in the agriculture sector, both in terms of ecological and technological improvements, as well as links and connections to markets and supply chains to improve prospects for long-term economic recovery.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1444, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should analyse the agricultural sector to understand which crops are most important for livelihoods and work with experts to determine how reintegration efforts can support the revitalization of the sector after conflict, including consideration of seasonality of agricultural activities and any associated migration patterns, as well as changing climate and rainfall patterns that are likely to affect agriculture.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner analyse agricultural sector understand crop important livelihood work expert determine reintegration effort support revitalization sector conflict including consideration seasonality agricultural activity associated migration pattern well changing climate rainfall pattern likely affect agriculture ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.3 Reintegration support and agriculture and fisheries", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"In many conflict contexts, agriculture and fisheries are mainstays of economic activities and subsistence livelihoods. However, the resources needed for these activities, including access to land, livestock and grazing areas, or boats can be compromised or destroyed by conflict. Seasonal patterns associated with agriculture and fisheries activities are to be accounted for when providing reintegration support and in particular when aiming at the promotion of income-generation activities. DDR practitioners should analyse the agricultural sector to understand which crops are most important for livelihoods and work with experts to determine how reintegration efforts can support the revitalization of the sector after conflict, including consideration of seasonality of agricultural activities and any associated migration patterns, as well as changing climate and rainfall patterns that are likely to affect agriculture. As described at the beginning of this section, a value chain and CBNRM approach to these sectors can help to maximize the opportunities and success of reintegration efforts by supporting improved production and processing of a particular agricultural commodity or fisheries product. DDR practitioners should seek experts from national institutions, local communities and interagency partners to bring as much technical expertise and resources to bear as possible, including perspectives on which crop species and methods may yield the greatest impact in terms of resiliency, sustainability and climate change adaptation.Improving resiliency in the agricultural sector should be a high priority for DDR practitioners, with considerations for shifting rainfall patterns and the need for responsive mitigation factors related to climate change prioritized. Access to water, technology to manage crop seasons and improved varieties that are drought-tolerant are some of the factors that DDR practitioners can take into consideration. DDR practitioners should consult experts for technical recommendations to improve the resiliency of reintegration programmes in the agriculture sector, both in terms of ecological and technological improvements, as well as links and connections to markets and supply chains to improve prospects for long-term economic recovery.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1444, "Sentence":"As described at the beginning of this section, a value chain and CBNRM approach to these sectors can help to maximize the opportunities and success of reintegration efforts by supporting improved production and processing of a particular agricultural commodity or fisheries product.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources described beginning section value chain cbnrm approach sector help maximize opportunity success reintegration effort supporting improved production processing particular agricultural commodity fishery product ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.3 Reintegration support and agriculture and fisheries", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"In many conflict contexts, agriculture and fisheries are mainstays of economic activities and subsistence livelihoods. However, the resources needed for these activities, including access to land, livestock and grazing areas, or boats can be compromised or destroyed by conflict. Seasonal patterns associated with agriculture and fisheries activities are to be accounted for when providing reintegration support and in particular when aiming at the promotion of income-generation activities. DDR practitioners should analyse the agricultural sector to understand which crops are most important for livelihoods and work with experts to determine how reintegration efforts can support the revitalization of the sector after conflict, including consideration of seasonality of agricultural activities and any associated migration patterns, as well as changing climate and rainfall patterns that are likely to affect agriculture. As described at the beginning of this section, a value chain and CBNRM approach to these sectors can help to maximize the opportunities and success of reintegration efforts by supporting improved production and processing of a particular agricultural commodity or fisheries product. DDR practitioners should seek experts from national institutions, local communities and interagency partners to bring as much technical expertise and resources to bear as possible, including perspectives on which crop species and methods may yield the greatest impact in terms of resiliency, sustainability and climate change adaptation.Improving resiliency in the agricultural sector should be a high priority for DDR practitioners, with considerations for shifting rainfall patterns and the need for responsive mitigation factors related to climate change prioritized. Access to water, technology to manage crop seasons and improved varieties that are drought-tolerant are some of the factors that DDR practitioners can take into consideration. DDR practitioners should consult experts for technical recommendations to improve the resiliency of reintegration programmes in the agriculture sector, both in terms of ecological and technological improvements, as well as links and connections to markets and supply chains to improve prospects for long-term economic recovery.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1444, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should seek experts from national institutions, local communities and interagency partners to bring as much technical expertise and resources to bear as possible, including perspectives on which crop species and methods may yield the greatest impact in terms of resiliency, sustainability and climate change adaptation.Improving resiliency in the agricultural sector should be a high priority for DDR practitioners, with considerations for shifting rainfall patterns and the need for responsive mitigation factors related to climate change prioritized.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner seek expert national institution local community interagency partner bring much technical expertise resource bear possible including perspective crop specie method may yield greatest impact term resiliency sustainability climate change adaptation.improving resiliency agricultural sector high priority ddr practitioner consideration shifting rainfall pattern need responsive mitigation factor related climate change prioritized ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.3 Reintegration support and agriculture and fisheries", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"In many conflict contexts, agriculture and fisheries are mainstays of economic activities and subsistence livelihoods. However, the resources needed for these activities, including access to land, livestock and grazing areas, or boats can be compromised or destroyed by conflict. Seasonal patterns associated with agriculture and fisheries activities are to be accounted for when providing reintegration support and in particular when aiming at the promotion of income-generation activities. DDR practitioners should analyse the agricultural sector to understand which crops are most important for livelihoods and work with experts to determine how reintegration efforts can support the revitalization of the sector after conflict, including consideration of seasonality of agricultural activities and any associated migration patterns, as well as changing climate and rainfall patterns that are likely to affect agriculture. As described at the beginning of this section, a value chain and CBNRM approach to these sectors can help to maximize the opportunities and success of reintegration efforts by supporting improved production and processing of a particular agricultural commodity or fisheries product. DDR practitioners should seek experts from national institutions, local communities and interagency partners to bring as much technical expertise and resources to bear as possible, including perspectives on which crop species and methods may yield the greatest impact in terms of resiliency, sustainability and climate change adaptation.Improving resiliency in the agricultural sector should be a high priority for DDR practitioners, with considerations for shifting rainfall patterns and the need for responsive mitigation factors related to climate change prioritized. Access to water, technology to manage crop seasons and improved varieties that are drought-tolerant are some of the factors that DDR practitioners can take into consideration. DDR practitioners should consult experts for technical recommendations to improve the resiliency of reintegration programmes in the agriculture sector, both in terms of ecological and technological improvements, as well as links and connections to markets and supply chains to improve prospects for long-term economic recovery.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1444, "Sentence":"Access to water, technology to manage crop seasons and improved varieties that are drought-tolerant are some of the factors that DDR practitioners can take into consideration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources access water technology manage crop season improved variety droughttolerant factor ddr practitioner take consideration ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.3 Reintegration support and agriculture and fisheries", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":37, "Paragraph":"In many conflict contexts, agriculture and fisheries are mainstays of economic activities and subsistence livelihoods. However, the resources needed for these activities, including access to land, livestock and grazing areas, or boats can be compromised or destroyed by conflict. Seasonal patterns associated with agriculture and fisheries activities are to be accounted for when providing reintegration support and in particular when aiming at the promotion of income-generation activities. DDR practitioners should analyse the agricultural sector to understand which crops are most important for livelihoods and work with experts to determine how reintegration efforts can support the revitalization of the sector after conflict, including consideration of seasonality of agricultural activities and any associated migration patterns, as well as changing climate and rainfall patterns that are likely to affect agriculture. As described at the beginning of this section, a value chain and CBNRM approach to these sectors can help to maximize the opportunities and success of reintegration efforts by supporting improved production and processing of a particular agricultural commodity or fisheries product. DDR practitioners should seek experts from national institutions, local communities and interagency partners to bring as much technical expertise and resources to bear as possible, including perspectives on which crop species and methods may yield the greatest impact in terms of resiliency, sustainability and climate change adaptation.Improving resiliency in the agricultural sector should be a high priority for DDR practitioners, with considerations for shifting rainfall patterns and the need for responsive mitigation factors related to climate change prioritized. Access to water, technology to manage crop seasons and improved varieties that are drought-tolerant are some of the factors that DDR practitioners can take into consideration. DDR practitioners should consult experts for technical recommendations to improve the resiliency of reintegration programmes in the agriculture sector, both in terms of ecological and technological improvements, as well as links and connections to markets and supply chains to improve prospects for long-term economic recovery.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1444, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should consult experts for technical recommendations to improve the resiliency of reintegration programmes in the agriculture sector, both in terms of ecological and technological improvements, as well as links and connections to markets and supply chains to improve prospects for long-term economic recovery.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner consult expert technical recommendation improve resiliency reintegration programme agriculture sector term ecological technological improvement well link connection market supply chain improve prospect longterm economic recovery ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.4 Reintegration support and forestry and energy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Forestry as an economic sector can employ a substantial number of people but requires sound management to be sustainable. Forest lands are also often the traditional territories of indigenous peoples and their rights to those lands may be undermined during the conflict or by hostile takeovers as part of the granting of concessions to logging companies. DDR practitioners should be careful to analyze the full range of claims and rights to forest lands and promote sustainable forest management as part of reintegration efforts, including promoting the human rights of forest-dwelling peoples. Opportunities to work collaboratively with the private sector for job creation must be accompanied by commitments to promote human rights, including land rights, as part of any reintegration effort in the forestry sector. National actors should be supported to build capacity for sustainable forest management and safe and decent working conditions as part of these efforts. Interagency collaborators can also support capacity building and technical training.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1445, "Sentence":"Forestry as an economic sector can employ a substantial number of people but requires sound management to be sustainable.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources forestry economic sector employ substantial number people requires sound management sustainable ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.4 Reintegration support and forestry and energy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Forestry as an economic sector can employ a substantial number of people but requires sound management to be sustainable. Forest lands are also often the traditional territories of indigenous peoples and their rights to those lands may be undermined during the conflict or by hostile takeovers as part of the granting of concessions to logging companies. DDR practitioners should be careful to analyze the full range of claims and rights to forest lands and promote sustainable forest management as part of reintegration efforts, including promoting the human rights of forest-dwelling peoples. Opportunities to work collaboratively with the private sector for job creation must be accompanied by commitments to promote human rights, including land rights, as part of any reintegration effort in the forestry sector. National actors should be supported to build capacity for sustainable forest management and safe and decent working conditions as part of these efforts. Interagency collaborators can also support capacity building and technical training.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1445, "Sentence":"Forest lands are also often the traditional territories of indigenous peoples and their rights to those lands may be undermined during the conflict or by hostile takeovers as part of the granting of concessions to logging companies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources forest land also often traditional territory indigenous people right land may undermined conflict hostile takeover part granting concession logging company ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.4 Reintegration support and forestry and energy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Forestry as an economic sector can employ a substantial number of people but requires sound management to be sustainable. Forest lands are also often the traditional territories of indigenous peoples and their rights to those lands may be undermined during the conflict or by hostile takeovers as part of the granting of concessions to logging companies. DDR practitioners should be careful to analyze the full range of claims and rights to forest lands and promote sustainable forest management as part of reintegration efforts, including promoting the human rights of forest-dwelling peoples. Opportunities to work collaboratively with the private sector for job creation must be accompanied by commitments to promote human rights, including land rights, as part of any reintegration effort in the forestry sector. National actors should be supported to build capacity for sustainable forest management and safe and decent working conditions as part of these efforts. Interagency collaborators can also support capacity building and technical training.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1445, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should be careful to analyze the full range of claims and rights to forest lands and promote sustainable forest management as part of reintegration efforts, including promoting the human rights of forest-dwelling peoples.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner careful analyze full range claim right forest land promote sustainable forest management part reintegration effort including promoting human right forestdwelling people ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.4 Reintegration support and forestry and energy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Forestry as an economic sector can employ a substantial number of people but requires sound management to be sustainable. Forest lands are also often the traditional territories of indigenous peoples and their rights to those lands may be undermined during the conflict or by hostile takeovers as part of the granting of concessions to logging companies. DDR practitioners should be careful to analyze the full range of claims and rights to forest lands and promote sustainable forest management as part of reintegration efforts, including promoting the human rights of forest-dwelling peoples. Opportunities to work collaboratively with the private sector for job creation must be accompanied by commitments to promote human rights, including land rights, as part of any reintegration effort in the forestry sector. National actors should be supported to build capacity for sustainable forest management and safe and decent working conditions as part of these efforts. Interagency collaborators can also support capacity building and technical training.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1445, "Sentence":"Opportunities to work collaboratively with the private sector for job creation must be accompanied by commitments to promote human rights, including land rights, as part of any reintegration effort in the forestry sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources opportunity work collaboratively private sector job creation must accompanied commitment promote human right including land right part reintegration effort forestry sector ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.4 Reintegration support and forestry and energy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Forestry as an economic sector can employ a substantial number of people but requires sound management to be sustainable. Forest lands are also often the traditional territories of indigenous peoples and their rights to those lands may be undermined during the conflict or by hostile takeovers as part of the granting of concessions to logging companies. DDR practitioners should be careful to analyze the full range of claims and rights to forest lands and promote sustainable forest management as part of reintegration efforts, including promoting the human rights of forest-dwelling peoples. Opportunities to work collaboratively with the private sector for job creation must be accompanied by commitments to promote human rights, including land rights, as part of any reintegration effort in the forestry sector. National actors should be supported to build capacity for sustainable forest management and safe and decent working conditions as part of these efforts. Interagency collaborators can also support capacity building and technical training.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1445, "Sentence":"National actors should be supported to build capacity for sustainable forest management and safe and decent working conditions as part of these efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources national actor supported build capacity sustainable forest management safe decent working condition part effort ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.4 Reintegration support and forestry and energy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":39, "Paragraph":"Forestry as an economic sector can employ a substantial number of people but requires sound management to be sustainable. Forest lands are also often the traditional territories of indigenous peoples and their rights to those lands may be undermined during the conflict or by hostile takeovers as part of the granting of concessions to logging companies. DDR practitioners should be careful to analyze the full range of claims and rights to forest lands and promote sustainable forest management as part of reintegration efforts, including promoting the human rights of forest-dwelling peoples. Opportunities to work collaboratively with the private sector for job creation must be accompanied by commitments to promote human rights, including land rights, as part of any reintegration effort in the forestry sector. National actors should be supported to build capacity for sustainable forest management and safe and decent working conditions as part of these efforts. Interagency collaborators can also support capacity building and technical training.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1445, "Sentence":"Interagency collaborators can also support capacity building and technical training.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources interagency collaborator also support capacity building technical training ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.5 Reintegration support and energy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"The energy sector varies in each context, but where natural resource management and reintegration is concerned, DDR practitioners should carefully analyse critical energy resources for livelihoods and households. In many contexts, the unsustainable use of small trees for charcoal production can lead to reduced soil stability and heightened vulnerability to climate change impacts. For women and girls, the distance required to travel to gather wood for charcoal can also pose security risks, especially concerning sexual and gender-based violence. Alternatives that may be promoted by DDR practitioners include the development of community-managed woodlots specifically for charcoal production that are sustainably managed and located in secure areas. These efforts also help to improve resiliency by increasing supply for local energy needs as well as creating a sustainable source of livelihoods.In areas where other opportunities for energy production exist, such as micro-hydro or solar infrastructure, DDR practitioners should engage technical experts to identify opportunities and to determine what kinds of interventions may be feasible and recommended as part of reintegration efforts. Collaboration with national authorities and interagency stakeholders is also recommended for these efforts.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1446, "Sentence":"The energy sector varies in each context, but where natural resource management and reintegration is concerned, DDR practitioners should carefully analyse critical energy resources for livelihoods and households.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources energy sector varies context natural resource management reintegration concerned ddr practitioner carefully analyse critical energy resource livelihood household ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.5 Reintegration support and energy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"The energy sector varies in each context, but where natural resource management and reintegration is concerned, DDR practitioners should carefully analyse critical energy resources for livelihoods and households. In many contexts, the unsustainable use of small trees for charcoal production can lead to reduced soil stability and heightened vulnerability to climate change impacts. For women and girls, the distance required to travel to gather wood for charcoal can also pose security risks, especially concerning sexual and gender-based violence. Alternatives that may be promoted by DDR practitioners include the development of community-managed woodlots specifically for charcoal production that are sustainably managed and located in secure areas. These efforts also help to improve resiliency by increasing supply for local energy needs as well as creating a sustainable source of livelihoods.In areas where other opportunities for energy production exist, such as micro-hydro or solar infrastructure, DDR practitioners should engage technical experts to identify opportunities and to determine what kinds of interventions may be feasible and recommended as part of reintegration efforts. Collaboration with national authorities and interagency stakeholders is also recommended for these efforts.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1446, "Sentence":"In many contexts, the unsustainable use of small trees for charcoal production can lead to reduced soil stability and heightened vulnerability to climate change impacts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources many context unsustainable use small tree charcoal production lead reduced soil stability heightened vulnerability climate change impact ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.5 Reintegration support and energy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"The energy sector varies in each context, but where natural resource management and reintegration is concerned, DDR practitioners should carefully analyse critical energy resources for livelihoods and households. In many contexts, the unsustainable use of small trees for charcoal production can lead to reduced soil stability and heightened vulnerability to climate change impacts. For women and girls, the distance required to travel to gather wood for charcoal can also pose security risks, especially concerning sexual and gender-based violence. Alternatives that may be promoted by DDR practitioners include the development of community-managed woodlots specifically for charcoal production that are sustainably managed and located in secure areas. These efforts also help to improve resiliency by increasing supply for local energy needs as well as creating a sustainable source of livelihoods.In areas where other opportunities for energy production exist, such as micro-hydro or solar infrastructure, DDR practitioners should engage technical experts to identify opportunities and to determine what kinds of interventions may be feasible and recommended as part of reintegration efforts. Collaboration with national authorities and interagency stakeholders is also recommended for these efforts.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1446, "Sentence":"For women and girls, the distance required to travel to gather wood for charcoal can also pose security risks, especially concerning sexual and gender-based violence.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources woman girl distance required travel gather wood charcoal also pose security risk especially concerning sexual genderbased violence ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.5 Reintegration support and energy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"The energy sector varies in each context, but where natural resource management and reintegration is concerned, DDR practitioners should carefully analyse critical energy resources for livelihoods and households. In many contexts, the unsustainable use of small trees for charcoal production can lead to reduced soil stability and heightened vulnerability to climate change impacts. For women and girls, the distance required to travel to gather wood for charcoal can also pose security risks, especially concerning sexual and gender-based violence. Alternatives that may be promoted by DDR practitioners include the development of community-managed woodlots specifically for charcoal production that are sustainably managed and located in secure areas. These efforts also help to improve resiliency by increasing supply for local energy needs as well as creating a sustainable source of livelihoods.In areas where other opportunities for energy production exist, such as micro-hydro or solar infrastructure, DDR practitioners should engage technical experts to identify opportunities and to determine what kinds of interventions may be feasible and recommended as part of reintegration efforts. Collaboration with national authorities and interagency stakeholders is also recommended for these efforts.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1446, "Sentence":"Alternatives that may be promoted by DDR practitioners include the development of community-managed woodlots specifically for charcoal production that are sustainably managed and located in secure areas.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources alternative may promoted ddr practitioner include development communitymanaged woodlots specifically charcoal production sustainably managed located secure area ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.5 Reintegration support and energy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"The energy sector varies in each context, but where natural resource management and reintegration is concerned, DDR practitioners should carefully analyse critical energy resources for livelihoods and households. In many contexts, the unsustainable use of small trees for charcoal production can lead to reduced soil stability and heightened vulnerability to climate change impacts. For women and girls, the distance required to travel to gather wood for charcoal can also pose security risks, especially concerning sexual and gender-based violence. Alternatives that may be promoted by DDR practitioners include the development of community-managed woodlots specifically for charcoal production that are sustainably managed and located in secure areas. These efforts also help to improve resiliency by increasing supply for local energy needs as well as creating a sustainable source of livelihoods.In areas where other opportunities for energy production exist, such as micro-hydro or solar infrastructure, DDR practitioners should engage technical experts to identify opportunities and to determine what kinds of interventions may be feasible and recommended as part of reintegration efforts. Collaboration with national authorities and interagency stakeholders is also recommended for these efforts.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1446, "Sentence":"These efforts also help to improve resiliency by increasing supply for local energy needs as well as creating a sustainable source of livelihoods.In areas where other opportunities for energy production exist, such as micro-hydro or solar infrastructure, DDR practitioners should engage technical experts to identify opportunities and to determine what kinds of interventions may be feasible and recommended as part of reintegration efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources effort also help improve resiliency increasing supply local energy need well creating sustainable source livelihoods.in area opportunity energy production exist microhydro solar infrastructure ddr practitioner engage technical expert identify opportunity determine kind intervention may feasible recommended part reintegration effort ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.5 Reintegration support and energy", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":40, "Paragraph":"The energy sector varies in each context, but where natural resource management and reintegration is concerned, DDR practitioners should carefully analyse critical energy resources for livelihoods and households. In many contexts, the unsustainable use of small trees for charcoal production can lead to reduced soil stability and heightened vulnerability to climate change impacts. For women and girls, the distance required to travel to gather wood for charcoal can also pose security risks, especially concerning sexual and gender-based violence. Alternatives that may be promoted by DDR practitioners include the development of community-managed woodlots specifically for charcoal production that are sustainably managed and located in secure areas. These efforts also help to improve resiliency by increasing supply for local energy needs as well as creating a sustainable source of livelihoods.In areas where other opportunities for energy production exist, such as micro-hydro or solar infrastructure, DDR practitioners should engage technical experts to identify opportunities and to determine what kinds of interventions may be feasible and recommended as part of reintegration efforts. Collaboration with national authorities and interagency stakeholders is also recommended for these efforts.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1446, "Sentence":"Collaboration with national authorities and interagency stakeholders is also recommended for these efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources collaboration national authority interagency stakeholder also recommended effort ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.6 Reintegration support and extractives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"The extractive sector - which can include hydrocarbons as well as minerals, gems and precious metals - is often implicated in conflicts. The lootable nature of some of these resources, as well as the fact that they are in high demand and are highly valuable in international markets, makes them critical sources of potential financing for armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups. Alternatively, these sectors have significant potential to contribute to livelihoods, employment and development if well-managed. DDR practitioners shall include these sectors in their analysis and identify opportunities and potential partnerships to contribute to the formalization and management of these sectors as part of reintegration efforts.Critical sources of information include entities working on improved transparency and traceability in these supply chains (including certification systems) who can provide DDR practitioners with critical information on operations that may be good candidates for reintegration opportunities in the mining and extractives sector. Likewise, DDR practitioners can provide these entities with information on risks related to armed forces and groups, creating a flow of information to ensure that efforts to improve conflict-free operations and employment opportunities in the mining and extractives sector are well coordinated.Other critical actors to consider include male and female members of organized criminal groups who may already be involved in the extraction and trade of these resources. Where organized criminal groups, or armed forces and groups, or even national security sector actors are implicated in the extraction and trade of these resources, DDR practitioners must ensure that they do not perpetuate this illicit capture of the extractive sector. Close collaboration with national and international stakeholders to help improve governance and enforcement of regulations in these sectors overall may be necessary before reintegration programmes can begin. DDR practitioners should look to engage with entities contributing to improving the transparency of these supply chains and to formalizing and strengthening employment opportunities.Once these sectors and actors have been identified, national actors and other technical expertise via interagency partnerships can be called upon by DDR practitioners to help support employment creation and formalization of the identified sectors. There are significant civil society resources at the international, regional and national levels that may be brought to bear here as well. In addition, DDR practitioners should seek to establish clear collaborations with private sector entities engaged in these sectors in order to promote their adherence to national laws and international norms for the extractive sector, including around land rights, labour rights, and human rights, including the FPIC of any potentially affected communities. This might include efforts to register the miners, traders and other actors along the supply chain and to encourage purchasing from mines that are certified or that have due diligence traceability measures in place.Finally, DDR practitioners should identify any potential environmental harms that may have resulted or could result from interventions in these sectors. Where environmental harms already exist, DDR practitioners may design reintegration programmes to mitigate and repair these damages. Where development of the extractives sector could potentially contribute to future harms, DDR practitioners shall identify the appropriate mitigating measures necessary to protect both the health and labour rights of workers, as well as any potential environmental harms", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1447, "Sentence":"The extractive sector - which can include hydrocarbons as well as minerals, gems and precious metals - is often implicated in conflicts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources extractive sector include hydrocarbon well mineral gem precious metal often implicated conflict ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.6 Reintegration support and extractives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"The extractive sector - which can include hydrocarbons as well as minerals, gems and precious metals - is often implicated in conflicts. The lootable nature of some of these resources, as well as the fact that they are in high demand and are highly valuable in international markets, makes them critical sources of potential financing for armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups. Alternatively, these sectors have significant potential to contribute to livelihoods, employment and development if well-managed. DDR practitioners shall include these sectors in their analysis and identify opportunities and potential partnerships to contribute to the formalization and management of these sectors as part of reintegration efforts.Critical sources of information include entities working on improved transparency and traceability in these supply chains (including certification systems) who can provide DDR practitioners with critical information on operations that may be good candidates for reintegration opportunities in the mining and extractives sector. Likewise, DDR practitioners can provide these entities with information on risks related to armed forces and groups, creating a flow of information to ensure that efforts to improve conflict-free operations and employment opportunities in the mining and extractives sector are well coordinated.Other critical actors to consider include male and female members of organized criminal groups who may already be involved in the extraction and trade of these resources. Where organized criminal groups, or armed forces and groups, or even national security sector actors are implicated in the extraction and trade of these resources, DDR practitioners must ensure that they do not perpetuate this illicit capture of the extractive sector. Close collaboration with national and international stakeholders to help improve governance and enforcement of regulations in these sectors overall may be necessary before reintegration programmes can begin. DDR practitioners should look to engage with entities contributing to improving the transparency of these supply chains and to formalizing and strengthening employment opportunities.Once these sectors and actors have been identified, national actors and other technical expertise via interagency partnerships can be called upon by DDR practitioners to help support employment creation and formalization of the identified sectors. There are significant civil society resources at the international, regional and national levels that may be brought to bear here as well. In addition, DDR practitioners should seek to establish clear collaborations with private sector entities engaged in these sectors in order to promote their adherence to national laws and international norms for the extractive sector, including around land rights, labour rights, and human rights, including the FPIC of any potentially affected communities. This might include efforts to register the miners, traders and other actors along the supply chain and to encourage purchasing from mines that are certified or that have due diligence traceability measures in place.Finally, DDR practitioners should identify any potential environmental harms that may have resulted or could result from interventions in these sectors. Where environmental harms already exist, DDR practitioners may design reintegration programmes to mitigate and repair these damages. Where development of the extractives sector could potentially contribute to future harms, DDR practitioners shall identify the appropriate mitigating measures necessary to protect both the health and labour rights of workers, as well as any potential environmental harms", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1447, "Sentence":"The lootable nature of some of these resources, as well as the fact that they are in high demand and are highly valuable in international markets, makes them critical sources of potential financing for armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources lootable nature resource well fact high demand highly valuable international market make critical source potential financing armed force group well organized criminal group ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.6 Reintegration support and extractives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"The extractive sector - which can include hydrocarbons as well as minerals, gems and precious metals - is often implicated in conflicts. The lootable nature of some of these resources, as well as the fact that they are in high demand and are highly valuable in international markets, makes them critical sources of potential financing for armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups. Alternatively, these sectors have significant potential to contribute to livelihoods, employment and development if well-managed. DDR practitioners shall include these sectors in their analysis and identify opportunities and potential partnerships to contribute to the formalization and management of these sectors as part of reintegration efforts.Critical sources of information include entities working on improved transparency and traceability in these supply chains (including certification systems) who can provide DDR practitioners with critical information on operations that may be good candidates for reintegration opportunities in the mining and extractives sector. Likewise, DDR practitioners can provide these entities with information on risks related to armed forces and groups, creating a flow of information to ensure that efforts to improve conflict-free operations and employment opportunities in the mining and extractives sector are well coordinated.Other critical actors to consider include male and female members of organized criminal groups who may already be involved in the extraction and trade of these resources. Where organized criminal groups, or armed forces and groups, or even national security sector actors are implicated in the extraction and trade of these resources, DDR practitioners must ensure that they do not perpetuate this illicit capture of the extractive sector. Close collaboration with national and international stakeholders to help improve governance and enforcement of regulations in these sectors overall may be necessary before reintegration programmes can begin. DDR practitioners should look to engage with entities contributing to improving the transparency of these supply chains and to formalizing and strengthening employment opportunities.Once these sectors and actors have been identified, national actors and other technical expertise via interagency partnerships can be called upon by DDR practitioners to help support employment creation and formalization of the identified sectors. There are significant civil society resources at the international, regional and national levels that may be brought to bear here as well. In addition, DDR practitioners should seek to establish clear collaborations with private sector entities engaged in these sectors in order to promote their adherence to national laws and international norms for the extractive sector, including around land rights, labour rights, and human rights, including the FPIC of any potentially affected communities. This might include efforts to register the miners, traders and other actors along the supply chain and to encourage purchasing from mines that are certified or that have due diligence traceability measures in place.Finally, DDR practitioners should identify any potential environmental harms that may have resulted or could result from interventions in these sectors. Where environmental harms already exist, DDR practitioners may design reintegration programmes to mitigate and repair these damages. Where development of the extractives sector could potentially contribute to future harms, DDR practitioners shall identify the appropriate mitigating measures necessary to protect both the health and labour rights of workers, as well as any potential environmental harms", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1447, "Sentence":"Alternatively, these sectors have significant potential to contribute to livelihoods, employment and development if well-managed.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources alternatively sector significant potential contribute livelihood employment development wellmanaged ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.6 Reintegration support and extractives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"The extractive sector - which can include hydrocarbons as well as minerals, gems and precious metals - is often implicated in conflicts. The lootable nature of some of these resources, as well as the fact that they are in high demand and are highly valuable in international markets, makes them critical sources of potential financing for armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups. Alternatively, these sectors have significant potential to contribute to livelihoods, employment and development if well-managed. DDR practitioners shall include these sectors in their analysis and identify opportunities and potential partnerships to contribute to the formalization and management of these sectors as part of reintegration efforts.Critical sources of information include entities working on improved transparency and traceability in these supply chains (including certification systems) who can provide DDR practitioners with critical information on operations that may be good candidates for reintegration opportunities in the mining and extractives sector. Likewise, DDR practitioners can provide these entities with information on risks related to armed forces and groups, creating a flow of information to ensure that efforts to improve conflict-free operations and employment opportunities in the mining and extractives sector are well coordinated.Other critical actors to consider include male and female members of organized criminal groups who may already be involved in the extraction and trade of these resources. Where organized criminal groups, or armed forces and groups, or even national security sector actors are implicated in the extraction and trade of these resources, DDR practitioners must ensure that they do not perpetuate this illicit capture of the extractive sector. Close collaboration with national and international stakeholders to help improve governance and enforcement of regulations in these sectors overall may be necessary before reintegration programmes can begin. DDR practitioners should look to engage with entities contributing to improving the transparency of these supply chains and to formalizing and strengthening employment opportunities.Once these sectors and actors have been identified, national actors and other technical expertise via interagency partnerships can be called upon by DDR practitioners to help support employment creation and formalization of the identified sectors. There are significant civil society resources at the international, regional and national levels that may be brought to bear here as well. In addition, DDR practitioners should seek to establish clear collaborations with private sector entities engaged in these sectors in order to promote their adherence to national laws and international norms for the extractive sector, including around land rights, labour rights, and human rights, including the FPIC of any potentially affected communities. This might include efforts to register the miners, traders and other actors along the supply chain and to encourage purchasing from mines that are certified or that have due diligence traceability measures in place.Finally, DDR practitioners should identify any potential environmental harms that may have resulted or could result from interventions in these sectors. Where environmental harms already exist, DDR practitioners may design reintegration programmes to mitigate and repair these damages. Where development of the extractives sector could potentially contribute to future harms, DDR practitioners shall identify the appropriate mitigating measures necessary to protect both the health and labour rights of workers, as well as any potential environmental harms", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1447, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners shall include these sectors in their analysis and identify opportunities and potential partnerships to contribute to the formalization and management of these sectors as part of reintegration efforts.Critical sources of information include entities working on improved transparency and traceability in these supply chains (including certification systems) who can provide DDR practitioners with critical information on operations that may be good candidates for reintegration opportunities in the mining and extractives sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner shall include sector analysis identify opportunity potential partnership contribute formalization management sector part reintegration efforts.critical source information include entity working improved transparency traceability supply chain including certification system provide ddr practitioner critical information operation may good candidate reintegration opportunity mining extractives sector ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.6 Reintegration support and extractives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"The extractive sector - which can include hydrocarbons as well as minerals, gems and precious metals - is often implicated in conflicts. The lootable nature of some of these resources, as well as the fact that they are in high demand and are highly valuable in international markets, makes them critical sources of potential financing for armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups. Alternatively, these sectors have significant potential to contribute to livelihoods, employment and development if well-managed. DDR practitioners shall include these sectors in their analysis and identify opportunities and potential partnerships to contribute to the formalization and management of these sectors as part of reintegration efforts.Critical sources of information include entities working on improved transparency and traceability in these supply chains (including certification systems) who can provide DDR practitioners with critical information on operations that may be good candidates for reintegration opportunities in the mining and extractives sector. Likewise, DDR practitioners can provide these entities with information on risks related to armed forces and groups, creating a flow of information to ensure that efforts to improve conflict-free operations and employment opportunities in the mining and extractives sector are well coordinated.Other critical actors to consider include male and female members of organized criminal groups who may already be involved in the extraction and trade of these resources. Where organized criminal groups, or armed forces and groups, or even national security sector actors are implicated in the extraction and trade of these resources, DDR practitioners must ensure that they do not perpetuate this illicit capture of the extractive sector. Close collaboration with national and international stakeholders to help improve governance and enforcement of regulations in these sectors overall may be necessary before reintegration programmes can begin. DDR practitioners should look to engage with entities contributing to improving the transparency of these supply chains and to formalizing and strengthening employment opportunities.Once these sectors and actors have been identified, national actors and other technical expertise via interagency partnerships can be called upon by DDR practitioners to help support employment creation and formalization of the identified sectors. There are significant civil society resources at the international, regional and national levels that may be brought to bear here as well. In addition, DDR practitioners should seek to establish clear collaborations with private sector entities engaged in these sectors in order to promote their adherence to national laws and international norms for the extractive sector, including around land rights, labour rights, and human rights, including the FPIC of any potentially affected communities. This might include efforts to register the miners, traders and other actors along the supply chain and to encourage purchasing from mines that are certified or that have due diligence traceability measures in place.Finally, DDR practitioners should identify any potential environmental harms that may have resulted or could result from interventions in these sectors. Where environmental harms already exist, DDR practitioners may design reintegration programmes to mitigate and repair these damages. Where development of the extractives sector could potentially contribute to future harms, DDR practitioners shall identify the appropriate mitigating measures necessary to protect both the health and labour rights of workers, as well as any potential environmental harms", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1447, "Sentence":"Likewise, DDR practitioners can provide these entities with information on risks related to armed forces and groups, creating a flow of information to ensure that efforts to improve conflict-free operations and employment opportunities in the mining and extractives sector are well coordinated.Other critical actors to consider include male and female members of organized criminal groups who may already be involved in the extraction and trade of these resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources likewise ddr practitioner provide entity information risk related armed force group creating flow information ensure effort improve conflictfree operation employment opportunity mining extractives sector well coordinated.other critical actor consider include male female member organized criminal group may already involved extraction trade resource ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.6 Reintegration support and extractives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"The extractive sector - which can include hydrocarbons as well as minerals, gems and precious metals - is often implicated in conflicts. The lootable nature of some of these resources, as well as the fact that they are in high demand and are highly valuable in international markets, makes them critical sources of potential financing for armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups. Alternatively, these sectors have significant potential to contribute to livelihoods, employment and development if well-managed. DDR practitioners shall include these sectors in their analysis and identify opportunities and potential partnerships to contribute to the formalization and management of these sectors as part of reintegration efforts.Critical sources of information include entities working on improved transparency and traceability in these supply chains (including certification systems) who can provide DDR practitioners with critical information on operations that may be good candidates for reintegration opportunities in the mining and extractives sector. Likewise, DDR practitioners can provide these entities with information on risks related to armed forces and groups, creating a flow of information to ensure that efforts to improve conflict-free operations and employment opportunities in the mining and extractives sector are well coordinated.Other critical actors to consider include male and female members of organized criminal groups who may already be involved in the extraction and trade of these resources. Where organized criminal groups, or armed forces and groups, or even national security sector actors are implicated in the extraction and trade of these resources, DDR practitioners must ensure that they do not perpetuate this illicit capture of the extractive sector. Close collaboration with national and international stakeholders to help improve governance and enforcement of regulations in these sectors overall may be necessary before reintegration programmes can begin. DDR practitioners should look to engage with entities contributing to improving the transparency of these supply chains and to formalizing and strengthening employment opportunities.Once these sectors and actors have been identified, national actors and other technical expertise via interagency partnerships can be called upon by DDR practitioners to help support employment creation and formalization of the identified sectors. There are significant civil society resources at the international, regional and national levels that may be brought to bear here as well. In addition, DDR practitioners should seek to establish clear collaborations with private sector entities engaged in these sectors in order to promote their adherence to national laws and international norms for the extractive sector, including around land rights, labour rights, and human rights, including the FPIC of any potentially affected communities. This might include efforts to register the miners, traders and other actors along the supply chain and to encourage purchasing from mines that are certified or that have due diligence traceability measures in place.Finally, DDR practitioners should identify any potential environmental harms that may have resulted or could result from interventions in these sectors. Where environmental harms already exist, DDR practitioners may design reintegration programmes to mitigate and repair these damages. Where development of the extractives sector could potentially contribute to future harms, DDR practitioners shall identify the appropriate mitigating measures necessary to protect both the health and labour rights of workers, as well as any potential environmental harms", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1447, "Sentence":"Where organized criminal groups, or armed forces and groups, or even national security sector actors are implicated in the extraction and trade of these resources, DDR practitioners must ensure that they do not perpetuate this illicit capture of the extractive sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources organized criminal group armed force group even national security sector actor implicated extraction trade resource ddr practitioner must ensure perpetuate illicit capture extractive sector ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.6 Reintegration support and extractives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"The extractive sector - which can include hydrocarbons as well as minerals, gems and precious metals - is often implicated in conflicts. The lootable nature of some of these resources, as well as the fact that they are in high demand and are highly valuable in international markets, makes them critical sources of potential financing for armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups. Alternatively, these sectors have significant potential to contribute to livelihoods, employment and development if well-managed. DDR practitioners shall include these sectors in their analysis and identify opportunities and potential partnerships to contribute to the formalization and management of these sectors as part of reintegration efforts.Critical sources of information include entities working on improved transparency and traceability in these supply chains (including certification systems) who can provide DDR practitioners with critical information on operations that may be good candidates for reintegration opportunities in the mining and extractives sector. Likewise, DDR practitioners can provide these entities with information on risks related to armed forces and groups, creating a flow of information to ensure that efforts to improve conflict-free operations and employment opportunities in the mining and extractives sector are well coordinated.Other critical actors to consider include male and female members of organized criminal groups who may already be involved in the extraction and trade of these resources. Where organized criminal groups, or armed forces and groups, or even national security sector actors are implicated in the extraction and trade of these resources, DDR practitioners must ensure that they do not perpetuate this illicit capture of the extractive sector. Close collaboration with national and international stakeholders to help improve governance and enforcement of regulations in these sectors overall may be necessary before reintegration programmes can begin. DDR practitioners should look to engage with entities contributing to improving the transparency of these supply chains and to formalizing and strengthening employment opportunities.Once these sectors and actors have been identified, national actors and other technical expertise via interagency partnerships can be called upon by DDR practitioners to help support employment creation and formalization of the identified sectors. There are significant civil society resources at the international, regional and national levels that may be brought to bear here as well. In addition, DDR practitioners should seek to establish clear collaborations with private sector entities engaged in these sectors in order to promote their adherence to national laws and international norms for the extractive sector, including around land rights, labour rights, and human rights, including the FPIC of any potentially affected communities. This might include efforts to register the miners, traders and other actors along the supply chain and to encourage purchasing from mines that are certified or that have due diligence traceability measures in place.Finally, DDR practitioners should identify any potential environmental harms that may have resulted or could result from interventions in these sectors. Where environmental harms already exist, DDR practitioners may design reintegration programmes to mitigate and repair these damages. Where development of the extractives sector could potentially contribute to future harms, DDR practitioners shall identify the appropriate mitigating measures necessary to protect both the health and labour rights of workers, as well as any potential environmental harms", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1447, "Sentence":"Close collaboration with national and international stakeholders to help improve governance and enforcement of regulations in these sectors overall may be necessary before reintegration programmes can begin.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources close collaboration national international stakeholder help improve governance enforcement regulation sector overall may necessary reintegration programme begin ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.6 Reintegration support and extractives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"The extractive sector - which can include hydrocarbons as well as minerals, gems and precious metals - is often implicated in conflicts. The lootable nature of some of these resources, as well as the fact that they are in high demand and are highly valuable in international markets, makes them critical sources of potential financing for armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups. Alternatively, these sectors have significant potential to contribute to livelihoods, employment and development if well-managed. DDR practitioners shall include these sectors in their analysis and identify opportunities and potential partnerships to contribute to the formalization and management of these sectors as part of reintegration efforts.Critical sources of information include entities working on improved transparency and traceability in these supply chains (including certification systems) who can provide DDR practitioners with critical information on operations that may be good candidates for reintegration opportunities in the mining and extractives sector. Likewise, DDR practitioners can provide these entities with information on risks related to armed forces and groups, creating a flow of information to ensure that efforts to improve conflict-free operations and employment opportunities in the mining and extractives sector are well coordinated.Other critical actors to consider include male and female members of organized criminal groups who may already be involved in the extraction and trade of these resources. Where organized criminal groups, or armed forces and groups, or even national security sector actors are implicated in the extraction and trade of these resources, DDR practitioners must ensure that they do not perpetuate this illicit capture of the extractive sector. Close collaboration with national and international stakeholders to help improve governance and enforcement of regulations in these sectors overall may be necessary before reintegration programmes can begin. DDR practitioners should look to engage with entities contributing to improving the transparency of these supply chains and to formalizing and strengthening employment opportunities.Once these sectors and actors have been identified, national actors and other technical expertise via interagency partnerships can be called upon by DDR practitioners to help support employment creation and formalization of the identified sectors. There are significant civil society resources at the international, regional and national levels that may be brought to bear here as well. In addition, DDR practitioners should seek to establish clear collaborations with private sector entities engaged in these sectors in order to promote their adherence to national laws and international norms for the extractive sector, including around land rights, labour rights, and human rights, including the FPIC of any potentially affected communities. This might include efforts to register the miners, traders and other actors along the supply chain and to encourage purchasing from mines that are certified or that have due diligence traceability measures in place.Finally, DDR practitioners should identify any potential environmental harms that may have resulted or could result from interventions in these sectors. Where environmental harms already exist, DDR practitioners may design reintegration programmes to mitigate and repair these damages. Where development of the extractives sector could potentially contribute to future harms, DDR practitioners shall identify the appropriate mitigating measures necessary to protect both the health and labour rights of workers, as well as any potential environmental harms", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1447, "Sentence":"DDR practitioners should look to engage with entities contributing to improving the transparency of these supply chains and to formalizing and strengthening employment opportunities.Once these sectors and actors have been identified, national actors and other technical expertise via interagency partnerships can be called upon by DDR practitioners to help support employment creation and formalization of the identified sectors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ddr practitioner look engage entity contributing improving transparency supply chain formalizing strengthening employment opportunities.once sector actor identified national actor technical expertise via interagency partnership called upon ddr practitioner help support employment creation formalization identified sector ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.6 Reintegration support and extractives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"The extractive sector - which can include hydrocarbons as well as minerals, gems and precious metals - is often implicated in conflicts. The lootable nature of some of these resources, as well as the fact that they are in high demand and are highly valuable in international markets, makes them critical sources of potential financing for armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups. Alternatively, these sectors have significant potential to contribute to livelihoods, employment and development if well-managed. DDR practitioners shall include these sectors in their analysis and identify opportunities and potential partnerships to contribute to the formalization and management of these sectors as part of reintegration efforts.Critical sources of information include entities working on improved transparency and traceability in these supply chains (including certification systems) who can provide DDR practitioners with critical information on operations that may be good candidates for reintegration opportunities in the mining and extractives sector. Likewise, DDR practitioners can provide these entities with information on risks related to armed forces and groups, creating a flow of information to ensure that efforts to improve conflict-free operations and employment opportunities in the mining and extractives sector are well coordinated.Other critical actors to consider include male and female members of organized criminal groups who may already be involved in the extraction and trade of these resources. Where organized criminal groups, or armed forces and groups, or even national security sector actors are implicated in the extraction and trade of these resources, DDR practitioners must ensure that they do not perpetuate this illicit capture of the extractive sector. Close collaboration with national and international stakeholders to help improve governance and enforcement of regulations in these sectors overall may be necessary before reintegration programmes can begin. DDR practitioners should look to engage with entities contributing to improving the transparency of these supply chains and to formalizing and strengthening employment opportunities.Once these sectors and actors have been identified, national actors and other technical expertise via interagency partnerships can be called upon by DDR practitioners to help support employment creation and formalization of the identified sectors. There are significant civil society resources at the international, regional and national levels that may be brought to bear here as well. In addition, DDR practitioners should seek to establish clear collaborations with private sector entities engaged in these sectors in order to promote their adherence to national laws and international norms for the extractive sector, including around land rights, labour rights, and human rights, including the FPIC of any potentially affected communities. This might include efforts to register the miners, traders and other actors along the supply chain and to encourage purchasing from mines that are certified or that have due diligence traceability measures in place.Finally, DDR practitioners should identify any potential environmental harms that may have resulted or could result from interventions in these sectors. Where environmental harms already exist, DDR practitioners may design reintegration programmes to mitigate and repair these damages. Where development of the extractives sector could potentially contribute to future harms, DDR practitioners shall identify the appropriate mitigating measures necessary to protect both the health and labour rights of workers, as well as any potential environmental harms", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1447, "Sentence":"There are significant civil society resources at the international, regional and national levels that may be brought to bear here as well.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources significant civil society resource international regional national level may brought bear well ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.6 Reintegration support and extractives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"The extractive sector - which can include hydrocarbons as well as minerals, gems and precious metals - is often implicated in conflicts. The lootable nature of some of these resources, as well as the fact that they are in high demand and are highly valuable in international markets, makes them critical sources of potential financing for armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups. Alternatively, these sectors have significant potential to contribute to livelihoods, employment and development if well-managed. DDR practitioners shall include these sectors in their analysis and identify opportunities and potential partnerships to contribute to the formalization and management of these sectors as part of reintegration efforts.Critical sources of information include entities working on improved transparency and traceability in these supply chains (including certification systems) who can provide DDR practitioners with critical information on operations that may be good candidates for reintegration opportunities in the mining and extractives sector. Likewise, DDR practitioners can provide these entities with information on risks related to armed forces and groups, creating a flow of information to ensure that efforts to improve conflict-free operations and employment opportunities in the mining and extractives sector are well coordinated.Other critical actors to consider include male and female members of organized criminal groups who may already be involved in the extraction and trade of these resources. Where organized criminal groups, or armed forces and groups, or even national security sector actors are implicated in the extraction and trade of these resources, DDR practitioners must ensure that they do not perpetuate this illicit capture of the extractive sector. Close collaboration with national and international stakeholders to help improve governance and enforcement of regulations in these sectors overall may be necessary before reintegration programmes can begin. DDR practitioners should look to engage with entities contributing to improving the transparency of these supply chains and to formalizing and strengthening employment opportunities.Once these sectors and actors have been identified, national actors and other technical expertise via interagency partnerships can be called upon by DDR practitioners to help support employment creation and formalization of the identified sectors. There are significant civil society resources at the international, regional and national levels that may be brought to bear here as well. In addition, DDR practitioners should seek to establish clear collaborations with private sector entities engaged in these sectors in order to promote their adherence to national laws and international norms for the extractive sector, including around land rights, labour rights, and human rights, including the FPIC of any potentially affected communities. This might include efforts to register the miners, traders and other actors along the supply chain and to encourage purchasing from mines that are certified or that have due diligence traceability measures in place.Finally, DDR practitioners should identify any potential environmental harms that may have resulted or could result from interventions in these sectors. Where environmental harms already exist, DDR practitioners may design reintegration programmes to mitigate and repair these damages. Where development of the extractives sector could potentially contribute to future harms, DDR practitioners shall identify the appropriate mitigating measures necessary to protect both the health and labour rights of workers, as well as any potential environmental harms", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1447, "Sentence":"In addition, DDR practitioners should seek to establish clear collaborations with private sector entities engaged in these sectors in order to promote their adherence to national laws and international norms for the extractive sector, including around land rights, labour rights, and human rights, including the FPIC of any potentially affected communities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources addition ddr practitioner seek establish clear collaboration private sector entity engaged sector order promote adherence national law international norm extractive sector including around land right labour right human right including fpic potentially affected community ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.6 Reintegration support and extractives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"The extractive sector - which can include hydrocarbons as well as minerals, gems and precious metals - is often implicated in conflicts. The lootable nature of some of these resources, as well as the fact that they are in high demand and are highly valuable in international markets, makes them critical sources of potential financing for armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups. Alternatively, these sectors have significant potential to contribute to livelihoods, employment and development if well-managed. DDR practitioners shall include these sectors in their analysis and identify opportunities and potential partnerships to contribute to the formalization and management of these sectors as part of reintegration efforts.Critical sources of information include entities working on improved transparency and traceability in these supply chains (including certification systems) who can provide DDR practitioners with critical information on operations that may be good candidates for reintegration opportunities in the mining and extractives sector. Likewise, DDR practitioners can provide these entities with information on risks related to armed forces and groups, creating a flow of information to ensure that efforts to improve conflict-free operations and employment opportunities in the mining and extractives sector are well coordinated.Other critical actors to consider include male and female members of organized criminal groups who may already be involved in the extraction and trade of these resources. Where organized criminal groups, or armed forces and groups, or even national security sector actors are implicated in the extraction and trade of these resources, DDR practitioners must ensure that they do not perpetuate this illicit capture of the extractive sector. Close collaboration with national and international stakeholders to help improve governance and enforcement of regulations in these sectors overall may be necessary before reintegration programmes can begin. DDR practitioners should look to engage with entities contributing to improving the transparency of these supply chains and to formalizing and strengthening employment opportunities.Once these sectors and actors have been identified, national actors and other technical expertise via interagency partnerships can be called upon by DDR practitioners to help support employment creation and formalization of the identified sectors. There are significant civil society resources at the international, regional and national levels that may be brought to bear here as well. In addition, DDR practitioners should seek to establish clear collaborations with private sector entities engaged in these sectors in order to promote their adherence to national laws and international norms for the extractive sector, including around land rights, labour rights, and human rights, including the FPIC of any potentially affected communities. This might include efforts to register the miners, traders and other actors along the supply chain and to encourage purchasing from mines that are certified or that have due diligence traceability measures in place.Finally, DDR practitioners should identify any potential environmental harms that may have resulted or could result from interventions in these sectors. Where environmental harms already exist, DDR practitioners may design reintegration programmes to mitigate and repair these damages. Where development of the extractives sector could potentially contribute to future harms, DDR practitioners shall identify the appropriate mitigating measures necessary to protect both the health and labour rights of workers, as well as any potential environmental harms", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1447, "Sentence":"This might include efforts to register the miners, traders and other actors along the supply chain and to encourage purchasing from mines that are certified or that have due diligence traceability measures in place.Finally, DDR practitioners should identify any potential environmental harms that may have resulted or could result from interventions in these sectors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources might include effort register miner trader actor along supply chain encourage purchasing mine certified due diligence traceability measure place.finally ddr practitioner identify potential environmental harm may resulted could result intervention sector ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.6 Reintegration support and extractives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"The extractive sector - which can include hydrocarbons as well as minerals, gems and precious metals - is often implicated in conflicts. The lootable nature of some of these resources, as well as the fact that they are in high demand and are highly valuable in international markets, makes them critical sources of potential financing for armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups. Alternatively, these sectors have significant potential to contribute to livelihoods, employment and development if well-managed. DDR practitioners shall include these sectors in their analysis and identify opportunities and potential partnerships to contribute to the formalization and management of these sectors as part of reintegration efforts.Critical sources of information include entities working on improved transparency and traceability in these supply chains (including certification systems) who can provide DDR practitioners with critical information on operations that may be good candidates for reintegration opportunities in the mining and extractives sector. Likewise, DDR practitioners can provide these entities with information on risks related to armed forces and groups, creating a flow of information to ensure that efforts to improve conflict-free operations and employment opportunities in the mining and extractives sector are well coordinated.Other critical actors to consider include male and female members of organized criminal groups who may already be involved in the extraction and trade of these resources. Where organized criminal groups, or armed forces and groups, or even national security sector actors are implicated in the extraction and trade of these resources, DDR practitioners must ensure that they do not perpetuate this illicit capture of the extractive sector. Close collaboration with national and international stakeholders to help improve governance and enforcement of regulations in these sectors overall may be necessary before reintegration programmes can begin. DDR practitioners should look to engage with entities contributing to improving the transparency of these supply chains and to formalizing and strengthening employment opportunities.Once these sectors and actors have been identified, national actors and other technical expertise via interagency partnerships can be called upon by DDR practitioners to help support employment creation and formalization of the identified sectors. There are significant civil society resources at the international, regional and national levels that may be brought to bear here as well. In addition, DDR practitioners should seek to establish clear collaborations with private sector entities engaged in these sectors in order to promote their adherence to national laws and international norms for the extractive sector, including around land rights, labour rights, and human rights, including the FPIC of any potentially affected communities. This might include efforts to register the miners, traders and other actors along the supply chain and to encourage purchasing from mines that are certified or that have due diligence traceability measures in place.Finally, DDR practitioners should identify any potential environmental harms that may have resulted or could result from interventions in these sectors. Where environmental harms already exist, DDR practitioners may design reintegration programmes to mitigate and repair these damages. Where development of the extractives sector could potentially contribute to future harms, DDR practitioners shall identify the appropriate mitigating measures necessary to protect both the health and labour rights of workers, as well as any potential environmental harms", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1447, "Sentence":"Where environmental harms already exist, DDR practitioners may design reintegration programmes to mitigate and repair these damages.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources environmental harm already exist ddr practitioner may design reintegration programme mitigate repair damage ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.6 Reintegration support and extractives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":41, "Paragraph":"The extractive sector - which can include hydrocarbons as well as minerals, gems and precious metals - is often implicated in conflicts. The lootable nature of some of these resources, as well as the fact that they are in high demand and are highly valuable in international markets, makes them critical sources of potential financing for armed forces and groups, as well as organized criminal groups. Alternatively, these sectors have significant potential to contribute to livelihoods, employment and development if well-managed. DDR practitioners shall include these sectors in their analysis and identify opportunities and potential partnerships to contribute to the formalization and management of these sectors as part of reintegration efforts.Critical sources of information include entities working on improved transparency and traceability in these supply chains (including certification systems) who can provide DDR practitioners with critical information on operations that may be good candidates for reintegration opportunities in the mining and extractives sector. Likewise, DDR practitioners can provide these entities with information on risks related to armed forces and groups, creating a flow of information to ensure that efforts to improve conflict-free operations and employment opportunities in the mining and extractives sector are well coordinated.Other critical actors to consider include male and female members of organized criminal groups who may already be involved in the extraction and trade of these resources. Where organized criminal groups, or armed forces and groups, or even national security sector actors are implicated in the extraction and trade of these resources, DDR practitioners must ensure that they do not perpetuate this illicit capture of the extractive sector. Close collaboration with national and international stakeholders to help improve governance and enforcement of regulations in these sectors overall may be necessary before reintegration programmes can begin. DDR practitioners should look to engage with entities contributing to improving the transparency of these supply chains and to formalizing and strengthening employment opportunities.Once these sectors and actors have been identified, national actors and other technical expertise via interagency partnerships can be called upon by DDR practitioners to help support employment creation and formalization of the identified sectors. There are significant civil society resources at the international, regional and national levels that may be brought to bear here as well. In addition, DDR practitioners should seek to establish clear collaborations with private sector entities engaged in these sectors in order to promote their adherence to national laws and international norms for the extractive sector, including around land rights, labour rights, and human rights, including the FPIC of any potentially affected communities. This might include efforts to register the miners, traders and other actors along the supply chain and to encourage purchasing from mines that are certified or that have due diligence traceability measures in place.Finally, DDR practitioners should identify any potential environmental harms that may have resulted or could result from interventions in these sectors. Where environmental harms already exist, DDR practitioners may design reintegration programmes to mitigate and repair these damages. Where development of the extractives sector could potentially contribute to future harms, DDR practitioners shall identify the appropriate mitigating measures necessary to protect both the health and labour rights of workers, as well as any potential environmental harms", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1447, "Sentence":"Where development of the extractives sector could potentially contribute to future harms, DDR practitioners shall identify the appropriate mitigating measures necessary to protect both the health and labour rights of workers, as well as any potential environmental harms", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources development extractives sector could potentially contribute future harm ddr practitioner shall identify appropriate mitigating measure necessary protect health labour right worker well potential environmental harm" }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.7 Reintegration support and water management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Water management is a critical sector for livelihoods for use by both households and the agricultural sector as well as a potentially critical issue of grievance, depending on the conflict context. In areas where water resources have been a cause of conflict, DDR practitioners should include a full analysis of the various perspectives of those who claim any grievance over the water resource and seek opportunities to use water management as a means to promote social cohesion. Community-based approaches to water management can be employed to ensure that decision-making authority is distributed amongst key affected parties, with special attention to the inclusion of specific needs groups and vulnerable populations who need access to water for safe consumption and their livelihoods.Water resource management can also be a powerful tool to promote cross-border, inter- regional or local cooperation. In areas where water resources cross political boundaries, this may necessitate transboundary agreements. In more local areas within political boundaries, water resource management can be addressed through locally devised options. Special attention shall be paid to any risk of contamination or diversion of water resources by upstream interventions as part of or outside of DDR programmes; to ensure this, DDR practitioners should consult technical experts to complete full analyses of the risks to any important water resource and integrate local and national actors and other interagency experts into the design of reintegration efforts as necessary. Attention should also be paid to allocation of water resources at the local level, including ensuring that access is equitable and that there are proper systems in place to ensure water quality and quantity. In addition, the current and likely future effects of climate change on water resources \u2013 underground as well as surface level and contributing rainfall patterns \u2013 should be considered when determining any interventions that may affect future water access and availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1448, "Sentence":"Water management is a critical sector for livelihoods for use by both households and the agricultural sector as well as a potentially critical issue of grievance, depending on the conflict context.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources water management critical sector livelihood use household agricultural sector well potentially critical issue grievance depending conflict context ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.7 Reintegration support and water management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Water management is a critical sector for livelihoods for use by both households and the agricultural sector as well as a potentially critical issue of grievance, depending on the conflict context. In areas where water resources have been a cause of conflict, DDR practitioners should include a full analysis of the various perspectives of those who claim any grievance over the water resource and seek opportunities to use water management as a means to promote social cohesion. Community-based approaches to water management can be employed to ensure that decision-making authority is distributed amongst key affected parties, with special attention to the inclusion of specific needs groups and vulnerable populations who need access to water for safe consumption and their livelihoods.Water resource management can also be a powerful tool to promote cross-border, inter- regional or local cooperation. In areas where water resources cross political boundaries, this may necessitate transboundary agreements. In more local areas within political boundaries, water resource management can be addressed through locally devised options. Special attention shall be paid to any risk of contamination or diversion of water resources by upstream interventions as part of or outside of DDR programmes; to ensure this, DDR practitioners should consult technical experts to complete full analyses of the risks to any important water resource and integrate local and national actors and other interagency experts into the design of reintegration efforts as necessary. Attention should also be paid to allocation of water resources at the local level, including ensuring that access is equitable and that there are proper systems in place to ensure water quality and quantity. In addition, the current and likely future effects of climate change on water resources \u2013 underground as well as surface level and contributing rainfall patterns \u2013 should be considered when determining any interventions that may affect future water access and availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1448, "Sentence":"In areas where water resources have been a cause of conflict, DDR practitioners should include a full analysis of the various perspectives of those who claim any grievance over the water resource and seek opportunities to use water management as a means to promote social cohesion.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources area water resource cause conflict ddr practitioner include full analysis various perspective claim grievance water resource seek opportunity use water management mean promote social cohesion ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.7 Reintegration support and water management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Water management is a critical sector for livelihoods for use by both households and the agricultural sector as well as a potentially critical issue of grievance, depending on the conflict context. In areas where water resources have been a cause of conflict, DDR practitioners should include a full analysis of the various perspectives of those who claim any grievance over the water resource and seek opportunities to use water management as a means to promote social cohesion. Community-based approaches to water management can be employed to ensure that decision-making authority is distributed amongst key affected parties, with special attention to the inclusion of specific needs groups and vulnerable populations who need access to water for safe consumption and their livelihoods.Water resource management can also be a powerful tool to promote cross-border, inter- regional or local cooperation. In areas where water resources cross political boundaries, this may necessitate transboundary agreements. In more local areas within political boundaries, water resource management can be addressed through locally devised options. Special attention shall be paid to any risk of contamination or diversion of water resources by upstream interventions as part of or outside of DDR programmes; to ensure this, DDR practitioners should consult technical experts to complete full analyses of the risks to any important water resource and integrate local and national actors and other interagency experts into the design of reintegration efforts as necessary. Attention should also be paid to allocation of water resources at the local level, including ensuring that access is equitable and that there are proper systems in place to ensure water quality and quantity. In addition, the current and likely future effects of climate change on water resources \u2013 underground as well as surface level and contributing rainfall patterns \u2013 should be considered when determining any interventions that may affect future water access and availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1448, "Sentence":"Community-based approaches to water management can be employed to ensure that decision-making authority is distributed amongst key affected parties, with special attention to the inclusion of specific needs groups and vulnerable populations who need access to water for safe consumption and their livelihoods.Water resource management can also be a powerful tool to promote cross-border, inter- regional or local cooperation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources communitybased approach water management employed ensure decisionmaking authority distributed amongst key affected party special attention inclusion specific need group vulnerable population need access water safe consumption livelihoods.water resource management also powerful tool promote crossborder inter regional local cooperation ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.7 Reintegration support and water management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Water management is a critical sector for livelihoods for use by both households and the agricultural sector as well as a potentially critical issue of grievance, depending on the conflict context. In areas where water resources have been a cause of conflict, DDR practitioners should include a full analysis of the various perspectives of those who claim any grievance over the water resource and seek opportunities to use water management as a means to promote social cohesion. Community-based approaches to water management can be employed to ensure that decision-making authority is distributed amongst key affected parties, with special attention to the inclusion of specific needs groups and vulnerable populations who need access to water for safe consumption and their livelihoods.Water resource management can also be a powerful tool to promote cross-border, inter- regional or local cooperation. In areas where water resources cross political boundaries, this may necessitate transboundary agreements. In more local areas within political boundaries, water resource management can be addressed through locally devised options. Special attention shall be paid to any risk of contamination or diversion of water resources by upstream interventions as part of or outside of DDR programmes; to ensure this, DDR practitioners should consult technical experts to complete full analyses of the risks to any important water resource and integrate local and national actors and other interagency experts into the design of reintegration efforts as necessary. Attention should also be paid to allocation of water resources at the local level, including ensuring that access is equitable and that there are proper systems in place to ensure water quality and quantity. In addition, the current and likely future effects of climate change on water resources \u2013 underground as well as surface level and contributing rainfall patterns \u2013 should be considered when determining any interventions that may affect future water access and availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1448, "Sentence":"In areas where water resources cross political boundaries, this may necessitate transboundary agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources area water resource cross political boundary may necessitate transboundary agreement ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.7 Reintegration support and water management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Water management is a critical sector for livelihoods for use by both households and the agricultural sector as well as a potentially critical issue of grievance, depending on the conflict context. In areas where water resources have been a cause of conflict, DDR practitioners should include a full analysis of the various perspectives of those who claim any grievance over the water resource and seek opportunities to use water management as a means to promote social cohesion. Community-based approaches to water management can be employed to ensure that decision-making authority is distributed amongst key affected parties, with special attention to the inclusion of specific needs groups and vulnerable populations who need access to water for safe consumption and their livelihoods.Water resource management can also be a powerful tool to promote cross-border, inter- regional or local cooperation. In areas where water resources cross political boundaries, this may necessitate transboundary agreements. In more local areas within political boundaries, water resource management can be addressed through locally devised options. Special attention shall be paid to any risk of contamination or diversion of water resources by upstream interventions as part of or outside of DDR programmes; to ensure this, DDR practitioners should consult technical experts to complete full analyses of the risks to any important water resource and integrate local and national actors and other interagency experts into the design of reintegration efforts as necessary. Attention should also be paid to allocation of water resources at the local level, including ensuring that access is equitable and that there are proper systems in place to ensure water quality and quantity. In addition, the current and likely future effects of climate change on water resources \u2013 underground as well as surface level and contributing rainfall patterns \u2013 should be considered when determining any interventions that may affect future water access and availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1448, "Sentence":"In more local areas within political boundaries, water resource management can be addressed through locally devised options.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources local area within political boundary water resource management addressed locally devised option ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.7 Reintegration support and water management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Water management is a critical sector for livelihoods for use by both households and the agricultural sector as well as a potentially critical issue of grievance, depending on the conflict context. In areas where water resources have been a cause of conflict, DDR practitioners should include a full analysis of the various perspectives of those who claim any grievance over the water resource and seek opportunities to use water management as a means to promote social cohesion. Community-based approaches to water management can be employed to ensure that decision-making authority is distributed amongst key affected parties, with special attention to the inclusion of specific needs groups and vulnerable populations who need access to water for safe consumption and their livelihoods.Water resource management can also be a powerful tool to promote cross-border, inter- regional or local cooperation. In areas where water resources cross political boundaries, this may necessitate transboundary agreements. In more local areas within political boundaries, water resource management can be addressed through locally devised options. Special attention shall be paid to any risk of contamination or diversion of water resources by upstream interventions as part of or outside of DDR programmes; to ensure this, DDR practitioners should consult technical experts to complete full analyses of the risks to any important water resource and integrate local and national actors and other interagency experts into the design of reintegration efforts as necessary. Attention should also be paid to allocation of water resources at the local level, including ensuring that access is equitable and that there are proper systems in place to ensure water quality and quantity. In addition, the current and likely future effects of climate change on water resources \u2013 underground as well as surface level and contributing rainfall patterns \u2013 should be considered when determining any interventions that may affect future water access and availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1448, "Sentence":"Special attention shall be paid to any risk of contamination or diversion of water resources by upstream interventions as part of or outside of DDR programmes; to ensure this, DDR practitioners should consult technical experts to complete full analyses of the risks to any important water resource and integrate local and national actors and other interagency experts into the design of reintegration efforts as necessary.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources special attention shall paid risk contamination diversion water resource upstream intervention part outside ddr programme ensure ddr practitioner consult technical expert complete full analysis risk important water resource integrate local national actor interagency expert design reintegration effort necessary ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.7 Reintegration support and water management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Water management is a critical sector for livelihoods for use by both households and the agricultural sector as well as a potentially critical issue of grievance, depending on the conflict context. In areas where water resources have been a cause of conflict, DDR practitioners should include a full analysis of the various perspectives of those who claim any grievance over the water resource and seek opportunities to use water management as a means to promote social cohesion. Community-based approaches to water management can be employed to ensure that decision-making authority is distributed amongst key affected parties, with special attention to the inclusion of specific needs groups and vulnerable populations who need access to water for safe consumption and their livelihoods.Water resource management can also be a powerful tool to promote cross-border, inter- regional or local cooperation. In areas where water resources cross political boundaries, this may necessitate transboundary agreements. In more local areas within political boundaries, water resource management can be addressed through locally devised options. Special attention shall be paid to any risk of contamination or diversion of water resources by upstream interventions as part of or outside of DDR programmes; to ensure this, DDR practitioners should consult technical experts to complete full analyses of the risks to any important water resource and integrate local and national actors and other interagency experts into the design of reintegration efforts as necessary. Attention should also be paid to allocation of water resources at the local level, including ensuring that access is equitable and that there are proper systems in place to ensure water quality and quantity. In addition, the current and likely future effects of climate change on water resources \u2013 underground as well as surface level and contributing rainfall patterns \u2013 should be considered when determining any interventions that may affect future water access and availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1448, "Sentence":"Attention should also be paid to allocation of water resources at the local level, including ensuring that access is equitable and that there are proper systems in place to ensure water quality and quantity.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources attention also paid allocation water resource local level including ensuring access equitable proper system place ensure water quality quantity ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.7 Reintegration support and water management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":43, "Paragraph":"Water management is a critical sector for livelihoods for use by both households and the agricultural sector as well as a potentially critical issue of grievance, depending on the conflict context. In areas where water resources have been a cause of conflict, DDR practitioners should include a full analysis of the various perspectives of those who claim any grievance over the water resource and seek opportunities to use water management as a means to promote social cohesion. Community-based approaches to water management can be employed to ensure that decision-making authority is distributed amongst key affected parties, with special attention to the inclusion of specific needs groups and vulnerable populations who need access to water for safe consumption and their livelihoods.Water resource management can also be a powerful tool to promote cross-border, inter- regional or local cooperation. In areas where water resources cross political boundaries, this may necessitate transboundary agreements. In more local areas within political boundaries, water resource management can be addressed through locally devised options. Special attention shall be paid to any risk of contamination or diversion of water resources by upstream interventions as part of or outside of DDR programmes; to ensure this, DDR practitioners should consult technical experts to complete full analyses of the risks to any important water resource and integrate local and national actors and other interagency experts into the design of reintegration efforts as necessary. Attention should also be paid to allocation of water resources at the local level, including ensuring that access is equitable and that there are proper systems in place to ensure water quality and quantity. In addition, the current and likely future effects of climate change on water resources \u2013 underground as well as surface level and contributing rainfall patterns \u2013 should be considered when determining any interventions that may affect future water access and availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1448, "Sentence":"In addition, the current and likely future effects of climate change on water resources \u2013 underground as well as surface level and contributing rainfall patterns \u2013 should be considered when determining any interventions that may affect future water access and availability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources addition current likely future effect climate change water resource \u2013 underground well surface level contributing rainfall pattern \u2013 considered determining intervention may affect future water access availability ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.8 Reintegration support and waste management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Waste management can be a productive sector that contributes to economic reintegration and also needs to be considered for potential risks that could contaminate other natural resources. Any opportunities to improve sanitation and upcycle water materials can be integrated into reintegration efforts; DDR practitioners should engage technical experts to support analysis for this sector to mitigate any potential risks and create employment opportunities where possible.Reintegration: Key questions \\n- Has data been collected and analysed on natural resource management, including formal and informal, licit and illicit activities, through relevant assessments, to inform reintegration options? \\n- What opportunities exist for reintegration activities in natural resource management to address the root causes and grievances that led to conflict? \\n- Have the risks and opportunities associated with natural resource management as relevant to armed forces and groups or organized criminal groups been analysed (through conflict analysis) when determining effective approaches to reintegration that will avoid the risk of future conflict? \\n- Have the cultural and social dimensions of natural resources in livelihoods and employment, including the gender dimensions of resource access and use, been addressed? \\n- Have all relevant actors in the government, civil society, NGOs, international organizations and local and international private sector entities been engaged and consulted? \\n- Have a selection of environmental and natural resource indicators to monitor DDR and any potential destabilizing trends been included? \\n- Have the impact of government proposals and concession negotiations for extractive industries and any risks for security and durable peace been analysed and considered?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1449, "Sentence":"Waste management can be a productive sector that contributes to economic reintegration and also needs to be considered for potential risks that could contaminate other natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources waste management productive sector contributes economic reintegration also need considered potential risk could contaminate natural resource ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.8 Reintegration support and waste management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Waste management can be a productive sector that contributes to economic reintegration and also needs to be considered for potential risks that could contaminate other natural resources. Any opportunities to improve sanitation and upcycle water materials can be integrated into reintegration efforts; DDR practitioners should engage technical experts to support analysis for this sector to mitigate any potential risks and create employment opportunities where possible.Reintegration: Key questions \\n- Has data been collected and analysed on natural resource management, including formal and informal, licit and illicit activities, through relevant assessments, to inform reintegration options? \\n- What opportunities exist for reintegration activities in natural resource management to address the root causes and grievances that led to conflict? \\n- Have the risks and opportunities associated with natural resource management as relevant to armed forces and groups or organized criminal groups been analysed (through conflict analysis) when determining effective approaches to reintegration that will avoid the risk of future conflict? \\n- Have the cultural and social dimensions of natural resources in livelihoods and employment, including the gender dimensions of resource access and use, been addressed? \\n- Have all relevant actors in the government, civil society, NGOs, international organizations and local and international private sector entities been engaged and consulted? \\n- Have a selection of environmental and natural resource indicators to monitor DDR and any potential destabilizing trends been included? \\n- Have the impact of government proposals and concession negotiations for extractive industries and any risks for security and durable peace been analysed and considered?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1449, "Sentence":"Any opportunities to improve sanitation and upcycle water materials can be integrated into reintegration efforts; DDR practitioners should engage technical experts to support analysis for this sector to mitigate any potential risks and create employment opportunities where possible.Reintegration: Key questions \\n- Has data been collected and analysed on natural resource management, including formal and informal, licit and illicit activities, through relevant assessments, to inform reintegration options?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources opportunity improve sanitation upcycle water material integrated reintegration effort ddr practitioner engage technical expert support analysis sector mitigate potential risk create employment opportunity possible.reintegration key question n data collected analysed natural resource management including formal informal licit illicit activity relevant assessment inform reintegration option" }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.8 Reintegration support and waste management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Waste management can be a productive sector that contributes to economic reintegration and also needs to be considered for potential risks that could contaminate other natural resources. Any opportunities to improve sanitation and upcycle water materials can be integrated into reintegration efforts; DDR practitioners should engage technical experts to support analysis for this sector to mitigate any potential risks and create employment opportunities where possible.Reintegration: Key questions \\n- Has data been collected and analysed on natural resource management, including formal and informal, licit and illicit activities, through relevant assessments, to inform reintegration options? \\n- What opportunities exist for reintegration activities in natural resource management to address the root causes and grievances that led to conflict? \\n- Have the risks and opportunities associated with natural resource management as relevant to armed forces and groups or organized criminal groups been analysed (through conflict analysis) when determining effective approaches to reintegration that will avoid the risk of future conflict? \\n- Have the cultural and social dimensions of natural resources in livelihoods and employment, including the gender dimensions of resource access and use, been addressed? \\n- Have all relevant actors in the government, civil society, NGOs, international organizations and local and international private sector entities been engaged and consulted? \\n- Have a selection of environmental and natural resource indicators to monitor DDR and any potential destabilizing trends been included? \\n- Have the impact of government proposals and concession negotiations for extractive industries and any risks for security and durable peace been analysed and considered?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1449, "Sentence":"\\n- What opportunities exist for reintegration activities in natural resource management to address the root causes and grievances that led to conflict?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n opportunity exist reintegration activity natural resource management address root cause grievance led conflict" }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.8 Reintegration support and waste management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Waste management can be a productive sector that contributes to economic reintegration and also needs to be considered for potential risks that could contaminate other natural resources. Any opportunities to improve sanitation and upcycle water materials can be integrated into reintegration efforts; DDR practitioners should engage technical experts to support analysis for this sector to mitigate any potential risks and create employment opportunities where possible.Reintegration: Key questions \\n- Has data been collected and analysed on natural resource management, including formal and informal, licit and illicit activities, through relevant assessments, to inform reintegration options? \\n- What opportunities exist for reintegration activities in natural resource management to address the root causes and grievances that led to conflict? \\n- Have the risks and opportunities associated with natural resource management as relevant to armed forces and groups or organized criminal groups been analysed (through conflict analysis) when determining effective approaches to reintegration that will avoid the risk of future conflict? \\n- Have the cultural and social dimensions of natural resources in livelihoods and employment, including the gender dimensions of resource access and use, been addressed? \\n- Have all relevant actors in the government, civil society, NGOs, international organizations and local and international private sector entities been engaged and consulted? \\n- Have a selection of environmental and natural resource indicators to monitor DDR and any potential destabilizing trends been included? \\n- Have the impact of government proposals and concession negotiations for extractive industries and any risks for security and durable peace been analysed and considered?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1449, "Sentence":"\\n- Have the risks and opportunities associated with natural resource management as relevant to armed forces and groups or organized criminal groups been analysed (through conflict analysis) when determining effective approaches to reintegration that will avoid the risk of future conflict?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n risk opportunity associated natural resource management relevant armed force group organized criminal group analysed conflict analysis determining effective approach reintegration avoid risk future conflict" }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.8 Reintegration support and waste management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Waste management can be a productive sector that contributes to economic reintegration and also needs to be considered for potential risks that could contaminate other natural resources. Any opportunities to improve sanitation and upcycle water materials can be integrated into reintegration efforts; DDR practitioners should engage technical experts to support analysis for this sector to mitigate any potential risks and create employment opportunities where possible.Reintegration: Key questions \\n- Has data been collected and analysed on natural resource management, including formal and informal, licit and illicit activities, through relevant assessments, to inform reintegration options? \\n- What opportunities exist for reintegration activities in natural resource management to address the root causes and grievances that led to conflict? \\n- Have the risks and opportunities associated with natural resource management as relevant to armed forces and groups or organized criminal groups been analysed (through conflict analysis) when determining effective approaches to reintegration that will avoid the risk of future conflict? \\n- Have the cultural and social dimensions of natural resources in livelihoods and employment, including the gender dimensions of resource access and use, been addressed? \\n- Have all relevant actors in the government, civil society, NGOs, international organizations and local and international private sector entities been engaged and consulted? \\n- Have a selection of environmental and natural resource indicators to monitor DDR and any potential destabilizing trends been included? \\n- Have the impact of government proposals and concession negotiations for extractive industries and any risks for security and durable peace been analysed and considered?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1449, "Sentence":"\\n- Have the cultural and social dimensions of natural resources in livelihoods and employment, including the gender dimensions of resource access and use, been addressed?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n cultural social dimension natural resource livelihood employment including gender dimension resource access use addressed" }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.8 Reintegration support and waste management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Waste management can be a productive sector that contributes to economic reintegration and also needs to be considered for potential risks that could contaminate other natural resources. Any opportunities to improve sanitation and upcycle water materials can be integrated into reintegration efforts; DDR practitioners should engage technical experts to support analysis for this sector to mitigate any potential risks and create employment opportunities where possible.Reintegration: Key questions \\n- Has data been collected and analysed on natural resource management, including formal and informal, licit and illicit activities, through relevant assessments, to inform reintegration options? \\n- What opportunities exist for reintegration activities in natural resource management to address the root causes and grievances that led to conflict? \\n- Have the risks and opportunities associated with natural resource management as relevant to armed forces and groups or organized criminal groups been analysed (through conflict analysis) when determining effective approaches to reintegration that will avoid the risk of future conflict? \\n- Have the cultural and social dimensions of natural resources in livelihoods and employment, including the gender dimensions of resource access and use, been addressed? \\n- Have all relevant actors in the government, civil society, NGOs, international organizations and local and international private sector entities been engaged and consulted? \\n- Have a selection of environmental and natural resource indicators to monitor DDR and any potential destabilizing trends been included? \\n- Have the impact of government proposals and concession negotiations for extractive industries and any risks for security and durable peace been analysed and considered?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1449, "Sentence":"\\n- Have all relevant actors in the government, civil society, NGOs, international organizations and local and international private sector entities been engaged and consulted?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n relevant actor government civil society ngo international organization local international private sector entity engaged consulted" }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.8 Reintegration support and waste management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Waste management can be a productive sector that contributes to economic reintegration and also needs to be considered for potential risks that could contaminate other natural resources. Any opportunities to improve sanitation and upcycle water materials can be integrated into reintegration efforts; DDR practitioners should engage technical experts to support analysis for this sector to mitigate any potential risks and create employment opportunities where possible.Reintegration: Key questions \\n- Has data been collected and analysed on natural resource management, including formal and informal, licit and illicit activities, through relevant assessments, to inform reintegration options? \\n- What opportunities exist for reintegration activities in natural resource management to address the root causes and grievances that led to conflict? \\n- Have the risks and opportunities associated with natural resource management as relevant to armed forces and groups or organized criminal groups been analysed (through conflict analysis) when determining effective approaches to reintegration that will avoid the risk of future conflict? \\n- Have the cultural and social dimensions of natural resources in livelihoods and employment, including the gender dimensions of resource access and use, been addressed? \\n- Have all relevant actors in the government, civil society, NGOs, international organizations and local and international private sector entities been engaged and consulted? \\n- Have a selection of environmental and natural resource indicators to monitor DDR and any potential destabilizing trends been included? \\n- Have the impact of government proposals and concession negotiations for extractive industries and any risks for security and durable peace been analysed and considered?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1449, "Sentence":"\\n- Have a selection of environmental and natural resource indicators to monitor DDR and any potential destabilizing trends been included?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n selection environmental natural resource indicator monitor ddr potential destabilizing trend included" }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"7. DDR programmes and natural resources", "Heading2":"7.3 Reintegration", "Heading3":"7.3.8 Reintegration support and waste management", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":44, "Paragraph":"Waste management can be a productive sector that contributes to economic reintegration and also needs to be considered for potential risks that could contaminate other natural resources. Any opportunities to improve sanitation and upcycle water materials can be integrated into reintegration efforts; DDR practitioners should engage technical experts to support analysis for this sector to mitigate any potential risks and create employment opportunities where possible.Reintegration: Key questions \\n- Has data been collected and analysed on natural resource management, including formal and informal, licit and illicit activities, through relevant assessments, to inform reintegration options? \\n- What opportunities exist for reintegration activities in natural resource management to address the root causes and grievances that led to conflict? \\n- Have the risks and opportunities associated with natural resource management as relevant to armed forces and groups or organized criminal groups been analysed (through conflict analysis) when determining effective approaches to reintegration that will avoid the risk of future conflict? \\n- Have the cultural and social dimensions of natural resources in livelihoods and employment, including the gender dimensions of resource access and use, been addressed? \\n- Have all relevant actors in the government, civil society, NGOs, international organizations and local and international private sector entities been engaged and consulted? \\n- Have a selection of environmental and natural resource indicators to monitor DDR and any potential destabilizing trends been included? \\n- Have the impact of government proposals and concession negotiations for extractive industries and any risks for security and durable peace been analysed and considered?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1449, "Sentence":"\\n- Have the impact of government proposals and concession negotiations for extractive industries and any risks for security and durable peace been analysed and considered?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n impact government proposal concession negotiation extractive industry risk security durable peace analysed considered" }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"When the preconditions are not present to support a DDR programme, a number of DDR-related tools may be used in contexts where natural resources are present. Alternatively, DDR-related tools may also be used before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1450, "Sentence":"When the preconditions are not present to support a DDR programme, a number of DDR-related tools may be used in contexts where natural resources are present.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources precondition present support ddr programme number ddrrelated tool may used context natural resource present ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"When the preconditions are not present to support a DDR programme, a number of DDR-related tools may be used in contexts where natural resources are present. Alternatively, DDR-related tools may also be used before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1450, "Sentence":"Alternatively, DDR-related tools may also be used before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources alternatively ddrrelated tool may also used ddr programme complementary measure see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.1 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"The parameters for DDR programmes are often set during peace negotiations and DDR practitioners should seek to advise mediators on what type of DDR provisions are realistic and implementable (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Benefit sharing, whether of minerals, land, timber or water resources, can be a make-or-break aspect of peace negotiations. Thus, in conflicts where armed forces and groups use natural resources as a means of financing conflict or where they act as an underlying grievance for recruitment, DDR should advise mediators that, where possible, natural resources (or a future commitment to address natural resources) should also be included in peace agreements. Addressing these grievances directly in mediation processes is extremely difficult, making it extremely important that sound and viable strategies for subsequent peacebuilding processes that seek to prevent the re-emergence of armed conflict related to natural resources are prioritized. It is important to carefully analyse how the conflict ended, to note if it was a military victory, a peace settlement, or otherwise, as this will have implications for how natural resources (especially land) might be distributed after the conflict ends. It is important to ensure that women\u2019s voices are also included, as they will be essential to the implementation of any peace agreement and especially to the success of DDR at the community level. Research shows that women consistently prioritize natural resources as part of peace agreements and therefore their inputs should specifically be sought on this issue.23", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1451, "Sentence":"The parameters for DDR programmes are often set during peace negotiations and DDR practitioners should seek to advise mediators on what type of DDR provisions are realistic and implementable (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources parameter ddr programme often set peace negotiation ddr practitioner seek advise mediator type ddr provision realistic implementable see iddrs 2.20 politics ddr ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.1 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"The parameters for DDR programmes are often set during peace negotiations and DDR practitioners should seek to advise mediators on what type of DDR provisions are realistic and implementable (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Benefit sharing, whether of minerals, land, timber or water resources, can be a make-or-break aspect of peace negotiations. Thus, in conflicts where armed forces and groups use natural resources as a means of financing conflict or where they act as an underlying grievance for recruitment, DDR should advise mediators that, where possible, natural resources (or a future commitment to address natural resources) should also be included in peace agreements. Addressing these grievances directly in mediation processes is extremely difficult, making it extremely important that sound and viable strategies for subsequent peacebuilding processes that seek to prevent the re-emergence of armed conflict related to natural resources are prioritized. It is important to carefully analyse how the conflict ended, to note if it was a military victory, a peace settlement, or otherwise, as this will have implications for how natural resources (especially land) might be distributed after the conflict ends. It is important to ensure that women\u2019s voices are also included, as they will be essential to the implementation of any peace agreement and especially to the success of DDR at the community level. Research shows that women consistently prioritize natural resources as part of peace agreements and therefore their inputs should specifically be sought on this issue.23", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1451, "Sentence":"Benefit sharing, whether of minerals, land, timber or water resources, can be a make-or-break aspect of peace negotiations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources benefit sharing whether mineral land timber water resource makeorbreak aspect peace negotiation ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.1 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"The parameters for DDR programmes are often set during peace negotiations and DDR practitioners should seek to advise mediators on what type of DDR provisions are realistic and implementable (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Benefit sharing, whether of minerals, land, timber or water resources, can be a make-or-break aspect of peace negotiations. Thus, in conflicts where armed forces and groups use natural resources as a means of financing conflict or where they act as an underlying grievance for recruitment, DDR should advise mediators that, where possible, natural resources (or a future commitment to address natural resources) should also be included in peace agreements. Addressing these grievances directly in mediation processes is extremely difficult, making it extremely important that sound and viable strategies for subsequent peacebuilding processes that seek to prevent the re-emergence of armed conflict related to natural resources are prioritized. It is important to carefully analyse how the conflict ended, to note if it was a military victory, a peace settlement, or otherwise, as this will have implications for how natural resources (especially land) might be distributed after the conflict ends. It is important to ensure that women\u2019s voices are also included, as they will be essential to the implementation of any peace agreement and especially to the success of DDR at the community level. Research shows that women consistently prioritize natural resources as part of peace agreements and therefore their inputs should specifically be sought on this issue.23", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1451, "Sentence":"Thus, in conflicts where armed forces and groups use natural resources as a means of financing conflict or where they act as an underlying grievance for recruitment, DDR should advise mediators that, where possible, natural resources (or a future commitment to address natural resources) should also be included in peace agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources thus conflict armed force group use natural resource mean financing conflict act underlying grievance recruitment ddr advise mediator possible natural resource future commitment address natural resource also included peace agreement ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.1 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"The parameters for DDR programmes are often set during peace negotiations and DDR practitioners should seek to advise mediators on what type of DDR provisions are realistic and implementable (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Benefit sharing, whether of minerals, land, timber or water resources, can be a make-or-break aspect of peace negotiations. Thus, in conflicts where armed forces and groups use natural resources as a means of financing conflict or where they act as an underlying grievance for recruitment, DDR should advise mediators that, where possible, natural resources (or a future commitment to address natural resources) should also be included in peace agreements. Addressing these grievances directly in mediation processes is extremely difficult, making it extremely important that sound and viable strategies for subsequent peacebuilding processes that seek to prevent the re-emergence of armed conflict related to natural resources are prioritized. It is important to carefully analyse how the conflict ended, to note if it was a military victory, a peace settlement, or otherwise, as this will have implications for how natural resources (especially land) might be distributed after the conflict ends. It is important to ensure that women\u2019s voices are also included, as they will be essential to the implementation of any peace agreement and especially to the success of DDR at the community level. Research shows that women consistently prioritize natural resources as part of peace agreements and therefore their inputs should specifically be sought on this issue.23", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1451, "Sentence":"Addressing these grievances directly in mediation processes is extremely difficult, making it extremely important that sound and viable strategies for subsequent peacebuilding processes that seek to prevent the re-emergence of armed conflict related to natural resources are prioritized.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources addressing grievance directly mediation process extremely difficult making extremely important sound viable strategy subsequent peacebuilding process seek prevent reemergence armed conflict related natural resource prioritized ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.1 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"The parameters for DDR programmes are often set during peace negotiations and DDR practitioners should seek to advise mediators on what type of DDR provisions are realistic and implementable (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Benefit sharing, whether of minerals, land, timber or water resources, can be a make-or-break aspect of peace negotiations. Thus, in conflicts where armed forces and groups use natural resources as a means of financing conflict or where they act as an underlying grievance for recruitment, DDR should advise mediators that, where possible, natural resources (or a future commitment to address natural resources) should also be included in peace agreements. Addressing these grievances directly in mediation processes is extremely difficult, making it extremely important that sound and viable strategies for subsequent peacebuilding processes that seek to prevent the re-emergence of armed conflict related to natural resources are prioritized. It is important to carefully analyse how the conflict ended, to note if it was a military victory, a peace settlement, or otherwise, as this will have implications for how natural resources (especially land) might be distributed after the conflict ends. It is important to ensure that women\u2019s voices are also included, as they will be essential to the implementation of any peace agreement and especially to the success of DDR at the community level. Research shows that women consistently prioritize natural resources as part of peace agreements and therefore their inputs should specifically be sought on this issue.23", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1451, "Sentence":"It is important to carefully analyse how the conflict ended, to note if it was a military victory, a peace settlement, or otherwise, as this will have implications for how natural resources (especially land) might be distributed after the conflict ends.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources important carefully analyse conflict ended note military victory peace settlement otherwise implication natural resource especially land might distributed conflict end ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.1 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"The parameters for DDR programmes are often set during peace negotiations and DDR practitioners should seek to advise mediators on what type of DDR provisions are realistic and implementable (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Benefit sharing, whether of minerals, land, timber or water resources, can be a make-or-break aspect of peace negotiations. Thus, in conflicts where armed forces and groups use natural resources as a means of financing conflict or where they act as an underlying grievance for recruitment, DDR should advise mediators that, where possible, natural resources (or a future commitment to address natural resources) should also be included in peace agreements. Addressing these grievances directly in mediation processes is extremely difficult, making it extremely important that sound and viable strategies for subsequent peacebuilding processes that seek to prevent the re-emergence of armed conflict related to natural resources are prioritized. It is important to carefully analyse how the conflict ended, to note if it was a military victory, a peace settlement, or otherwise, as this will have implications for how natural resources (especially land) might be distributed after the conflict ends. It is important to ensure that women\u2019s voices are also included, as they will be essential to the implementation of any peace agreement and especially to the success of DDR at the community level. Research shows that women consistently prioritize natural resources as part of peace agreements and therefore their inputs should specifically be sought on this issue.23", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1451, "Sentence":"It is important to ensure that women\u2019s voices are also included, as they will be essential to the implementation of any peace agreement and especially to the success of DDR at the community level.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources important ensure woman \u2019 voice also included essential implementation peace agreement especially success ddr community level ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.1 DDR support to mediation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"The parameters for DDR programmes are often set during peace negotiations and DDR practitioners should seek to advise mediators on what type of DDR provisions are realistic and implementable (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Benefit sharing, whether of minerals, land, timber or water resources, can be a make-or-break aspect of peace negotiations. Thus, in conflicts where armed forces and groups use natural resources as a means of financing conflict or where they act as an underlying grievance for recruitment, DDR should advise mediators that, where possible, natural resources (or a future commitment to address natural resources) should also be included in peace agreements. Addressing these grievances directly in mediation processes is extremely difficult, making it extremely important that sound and viable strategies for subsequent peacebuilding processes that seek to prevent the re-emergence of armed conflict related to natural resources are prioritized. It is important to carefully analyse how the conflict ended, to note if it was a military victory, a peace settlement, or otherwise, as this will have implications for how natural resources (especially land) might be distributed after the conflict ends. It is important to ensure that women\u2019s voices are also included, as they will be essential to the implementation of any peace agreement and especially to the success of DDR at the community level. Research shows that women consistently prioritize natural resources as part of peace agreements and therefore their inputs should specifically be sought on this issue.23", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1451, "Sentence":"Research shows that women consistently prioritize natural resources as part of peace agreements and therefore their inputs should specifically be sought on this issue.23", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources research show woman consistently prioritize natural resource part peace agreement therefore input specifically sought issue.23" }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.2 Transitional weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"Transitional weapons and ammunition management is a series of interim arms control measures. When implemented as part of a DDR process, transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and armed groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in section 5.2, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition. These weapons and ammunition may then be used armed forces and groups to control territory. If members of armed forces and groups refuse to disarm, for reasons of insecurity, or because they wish to maintain territorial control, DDR practitioners may, in some instances, consider supporting transitional WAM measures focused on safe and secure storage and recordkeeping. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1452, "Sentence":"Transitional weapons and ammunition management is a series of interim arms control measures.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources transitional weapon ammunition management series interim arm control measure ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.2 Transitional weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"Transitional weapons and ammunition management is a series of interim arms control measures. When implemented as part of a DDR process, transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and armed groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in section 5.2, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition. These weapons and ammunition may then be used armed forces and groups to control territory. If members of armed forces and groups refuse to disarm, for reasons of insecurity, or because they wish to maintain territorial control, DDR practitioners may, in some instances, consider supporting transitional WAM measures focused on safe and secure storage and recordkeeping. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1452, "Sentence":"When implemented as part of a DDR process, transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and armed groups to engage in armed violence and conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources implemented part ddr process transitional wam primarily aimed reducing capacity individual armed group engage armed violence conflict ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.2 Transitional weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"Transitional weapons and ammunition management is a series of interim arms control measures. When implemented as part of a DDR process, transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and armed groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in section 5.2, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition. These weapons and ammunition may then be used armed forces and groups to control territory. If members of armed forces and groups refuse to disarm, for reasons of insecurity, or because they wish to maintain territorial control, DDR practitioners may, in some instances, consider supporting transitional WAM measures focused on safe and secure storage and recordkeeping. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1452, "Sentence":"Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources transitional wam also aim reduce accident save life addressing immediate risk related possession weapon ammunition explosive ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.2 Transitional weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"Transitional weapons and ammunition management is a series of interim arms control measures. When implemented as part of a DDR process, transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and armed groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in section 5.2, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition. These weapons and ammunition may then be used armed forces and groups to control territory. If members of armed forces and groups refuse to disarm, for reasons of insecurity, or because they wish to maintain territorial control, DDR practitioners may, in some instances, consider supporting transitional WAM measures focused on safe and secure storage and recordkeeping. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1452, "Sentence":"As outlined in section 5.2, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources outlined section 5.2 natural resource may exploited finance acquisition weapon ammunition ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.2 Transitional weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"Transitional weapons and ammunition management is a series of interim arms control measures. When implemented as part of a DDR process, transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and armed groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in section 5.2, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition. These weapons and ammunition may then be used armed forces and groups to control territory. If members of armed forces and groups refuse to disarm, for reasons of insecurity, or because they wish to maintain territorial control, DDR practitioners may, in some instances, consider supporting transitional WAM measures focused on safe and secure storage and recordkeeping. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1452, "Sentence":"These weapons and ammunition may then be used armed forces and groups to control territory.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources weapon ammunition may used armed force group control territory ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.2 Transitional weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"Transitional weapons and ammunition management is a series of interim arms control measures. When implemented as part of a DDR process, transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and armed groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in section 5.2, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition. These weapons and ammunition may then be used armed forces and groups to control territory. If members of armed forces and groups refuse to disarm, for reasons of insecurity, or because they wish to maintain territorial control, DDR practitioners may, in some instances, consider supporting transitional WAM measures focused on safe and secure storage and recordkeeping. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1452, "Sentence":"If members of armed forces and groups refuse to disarm, for reasons of insecurity, or because they wish to maintain territorial control, DDR practitioners may, in some instances, consider supporting transitional WAM measures focused on safe and secure storage and recordkeeping.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources member armed force group refuse disarm reason insecurity wish maintain territorial control ddr practitioner may instance consider supporting transitional wam measure focused safe secure storage recordkeeping ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.2 Transitional weapons and ammunition management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":46, "Paragraph":"Transitional weapons and ammunition management is a series of interim arms control measures. When implemented as part of a DDR process, transitional WAM is primarily aimed at reducing the capacity of individuals and armed groups to engage in armed violence and conflict. Transitional WAM also aims to reduce accidents and save lives by addressing the immediate risks related to the possession of weapons, ammunition and explosives. As outlined in section 5.2, natural resources may be exploited to finance the acquisition of weapons and ammunition. These weapons and ammunition may then be used armed forces and groups to control territory. If members of armed forces and groups refuse to disarm, for reasons of insecurity, or because they wish to maintain territorial control, DDR practitioners may, in some instances, consider supporting transitional WAM measures focused on safe and secure storage and recordkeeping. For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1452, "Sentence":"For further information, see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources information see iddrs 4.11 transitional weapon ammunition management ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.3 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"Community violence reduction programmes have many different uses, including the prevention of recruitment. When natural resources are managed in a way that creates employment opportunities and supports development, they can help prevent or discourage the recruitment of individuals into armed forces and groups. Community-based initiatives and short-term employment opportunities that support good natural resource management, such as in infrastructure, disaster-risk reduction, rehabilitation of water resources, restoration of degraded ecosystems and others can provide needed livelihoods resources and discourage participation in other illicit activities or armed groups.In addition, CVR programmes can also be used as stop-gap reinsertion assistance when the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is delayed. The projects implemented as part of a CVR programme are determined by local priorities and can include, but are not limited to, agriculture, labour-intensive short-term employment, and infrastructure improvement. As CVR and reintegration support may sometimes be designed as one programme, particularly in non-mission settings, DDR practitioners should be aware that the guidance on reinsertion and reintegration in this module also applies to CVR. For further information on CVR, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1453, "Sentence":"Community violence reduction programmes have many different uses, including the prevention of recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources community violence reduction programme many different us including prevention recruitment ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.3 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"Community violence reduction programmes have many different uses, including the prevention of recruitment. When natural resources are managed in a way that creates employment opportunities and supports development, they can help prevent or discourage the recruitment of individuals into armed forces and groups. Community-based initiatives and short-term employment opportunities that support good natural resource management, such as in infrastructure, disaster-risk reduction, rehabilitation of water resources, restoration of degraded ecosystems and others can provide needed livelihoods resources and discourage participation in other illicit activities or armed groups.In addition, CVR programmes can also be used as stop-gap reinsertion assistance when the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is delayed. The projects implemented as part of a CVR programme are determined by local priorities and can include, but are not limited to, agriculture, labour-intensive short-term employment, and infrastructure improvement. As CVR and reintegration support may sometimes be designed as one programme, particularly in non-mission settings, DDR practitioners should be aware that the guidance on reinsertion and reintegration in this module also applies to CVR. For further information on CVR, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1453, "Sentence":"When natural resources are managed in a way that creates employment opportunities and supports development, they can help prevent or discourage the recruitment of individuals into armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources natural resource managed way creates employment opportunity support development help prevent discourage recruitment individual armed force group ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.3 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"Community violence reduction programmes have many different uses, including the prevention of recruitment. When natural resources are managed in a way that creates employment opportunities and supports development, they can help prevent or discourage the recruitment of individuals into armed forces and groups. Community-based initiatives and short-term employment opportunities that support good natural resource management, such as in infrastructure, disaster-risk reduction, rehabilitation of water resources, restoration of degraded ecosystems and others can provide needed livelihoods resources and discourage participation in other illicit activities or armed groups.In addition, CVR programmes can also be used as stop-gap reinsertion assistance when the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is delayed. The projects implemented as part of a CVR programme are determined by local priorities and can include, but are not limited to, agriculture, labour-intensive short-term employment, and infrastructure improvement. As CVR and reintegration support may sometimes be designed as one programme, particularly in non-mission settings, DDR practitioners should be aware that the guidance on reinsertion and reintegration in this module also applies to CVR. For further information on CVR, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1453, "Sentence":"Community-based initiatives and short-term employment opportunities that support good natural resource management, such as in infrastructure, disaster-risk reduction, rehabilitation of water resources, restoration of degraded ecosystems and others can provide needed livelihoods resources and discourage participation in other illicit activities or armed groups.In addition, CVR programmes can also be used as stop-gap reinsertion assistance when the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is delayed.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources communitybased initiative shortterm employment opportunity support good natural resource management infrastructure disasterrisk reduction rehabilitation water resource restoration degraded ecosystem others provide needed livelihood resource discourage participation illicit activity armed groups.in addition cvr programme also used stopgap reinsertion assistance reintegration phase ddr programme delayed ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.3 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"Community violence reduction programmes have many different uses, including the prevention of recruitment. When natural resources are managed in a way that creates employment opportunities and supports development, they can help prevent or discourage the recruitment of individuals into armed forces and groups. Community-based initiatives and short-term employment opportunities that support good natural resource management, such as in infrastructure, disaster-risk reduction, rehabilitation of water resources, restoration of degraded ecosystems and others can provide needed livelihoods resources and discourage participation in other illicit activities or armed groups.In addition, CVR programmes can also be used as stop-gap reinsertion assistance when the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is delayed. The projects implemented as part of a CVR programme are determined by local priorities and can include, but are not limited to, agriculture, labour-intensive short-term employment, and infrastructure improvement. As CVR and reintegration support may sometimes be designed as one programme, particularly in non-mission settings, DDR practitioners should be aware that the guidance on reinsertion and reintegration in this module also applies to CVR. For further information on CVR, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1453, "Sentence":"The projects implemented as part of a CVR programme are determined by local priorities and can include, but are not limited to, agriculture, labour-intensive short-term employment, and infrastructure improvement.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources project implemented part cvr programme determined local priority include limited agriculture labourintensive shortterm employment infrastructure improvement ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.3 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"Community violence reduction programmes have many different uses, including the prevention of recruitment. When natural resources are managed in a way that creates employment opportunities and supports development, they can help prevent or discourage the recruitment of individuals into armed forces and groups. Community-based initiatives and short-term employment opportunities that support good natural resource management, such as in infrastructure, disaster-risk reduction, rehabilitation of water resources, restoration of degraded ecosystems and others can provide needed livelihoods resources and discourage participation in other illicit activities or armed groups.In addition, CVR programmes can also be used as stop-gap reinsertion assistance when the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is delayed. The projects implemented as part of a CVR programme are determined by local priorities and can include, but are not limited to, agriculture, labour-intensive short-term employment, and infrastructure improvement. As CVR and reintegration support may sometimes be designed as one programme, particularly in non-mission settings, DDR practitioners should be aware that the guidance on reinsertion and reintegration in this module also applies to CVR. For further information on CVR, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1453, "Sentence":"As CVR and reintegration support may sometimes be designed as one programme, particularly in non-mission settings, DDR practitioners should be aware that the guidance on reinsertion and reintegration in this module also applies to CVR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources cvr reintegration support may sometimes designed one programme particularly nonmission setting ddr practitioner aware guidance reinsertion reintegration module also applies cvr ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.3 Community violence reduction", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"Community violence reduction programmes have many different uses, including the prevention of recruitment. When natural resources are managed in a way that creates employment opportunities and supports development, they can help prevent or discourage the recruitment of individuals into armed forces and groups. Community-based initiatives and short-term employment opportunities that support good natural resource management, such as in infrastructure, disaster-risk reduction, rehabilitation of water resources, restoration of degraded ecosystems and others can provide needed livelihoods resources and discourage participation in other illicit activities or armed groups.In addition, CVR programmes can also be used as stop-gap reinsertion assistance when the reintegration phase of a DDR programme is delayed. The projects implemented as part of a CVR programme are determined by local priorities and can include, but are not limited to, agriculture, labour-intensive short-term employment, and infrastructure improvement. As CVR and reintegration support may sometimes be designed as one programme, particularly in non-mission settings, DDR practitioners should be aware that the guidance on reinsertion and reintegration in this module also applies to CVR. For further information on CVR, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1453, "Sentence":"For further information on CVR, see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources information cvr see iddrs 2.30 community violence reduction ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.4 Transitional security arrangements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements include provisions for transitional security arrangements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Depending on the context, these arrangements may include the deployment of the national police, community police, or the creation of joint units, patrols or operations involving the different parties to a conflict. Joint efforts can help to increase scrutiny on the illicit trade in natural resources. However, these efforts may be compromised in areas where organized criminal groups are present or where natural resources are being exploited by armed forces or groups. In this type of context, DDR practitioners may be better off working with mediators and other actors to help increase provisions for natural resources in peace agreements or cease-fires (see section 8.1 and IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). Where transitional security arrangements exist, education and training for security units on how to secure natural resources will ensure greater transparency and oversight which can reduce opportunities for misappropriation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1454, "Sentence":"Many comprehensive peace agreements include provisions for transitional security arrangements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources many comprehensive peace agreement include provision transitional security arrangement see iddrs 2.20 politics ddr ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.4 Transitional security arrangements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements include provisions for transitional security arrangements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Depending on the context, these arrangements may include the deployment of the national police, community police, or the creation of joint units, patrols or operations involving the different parties to a conflict. Joint efforts can help to increase scrutiny on the illicit trade in natural resources. However, these efforts may be compromised in areas where organized criminal groups are present or where natural resources are being exploited by armed forces or groups. In this type of context, DDR practitioners may be better off working with mediators and other actors to help increase provisions for natural resources in peace agreements or cease-fires (see section 8.1 and IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). Where transitional security arrangements exist, education and training for security units on how to secure natural resources will ensure greater transparency and oversight which can reduce opportunities for misappropriation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1454, "Sentence":"Depending on the context, these arrangements may include the deployment of the national police, community police, or the creation of joint units, patrols or operations involving the different parties to a conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources depending context arrangement may include deployment national police community police creation joint unit patrol operation involving different party conflict ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.4 Transitional security arrangements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements include provisions for transitional security arrangements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Depending on the context, these arrangements may include the deployment of the national police, community police, or the creation of joint units, patrols or operations involving the different parties to a conflict. Joint efforts can help to increase scrutiny on the illicit trade in natural resources. However, these efforts may be compromised in areas where organized criminal groups are present or where natural resources are being exploited by armed forces or groups. In this type of context, DDR practitioners may be better off working with mediators and other actors to help increase provisions for natural resources in peace agreements or cease-fires (see section 8.1 and IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). Where transitional security arrangements exist, education and training for security units on how to secure natural resources will ensure greater transparency and oversight which can reduce opportunities for misappropriation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1454, "Sentence":"Joint efforts can help to increase scrutiny on the illicit trade in natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources joint effort help increase scrutiny illicit trade natural resource ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.4 Transitional security arrangements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements include provisions for transitional security arrangements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Depending on the context, these arrangements may include the deployment of the national police, community police, or the creation of joint units, patrols or operations involving the different parties to a conflict. Joint efforts can help to increase scrutiny on the illicit trade in natural resources. However, these efforts may be compromised in areas where organized criminal groups are present or where natural resources are being exploited by armed forces or groups. In this type of context, DDR practitioners may be better off working with mediators and other actors to help increase provisions for natural resources in peace agreements or cease-fires (see section 8.1 and IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). Where transitional security arrangements exist, education and training for security units on how to secure natural resources will ensure greater transparency and oversight which can reduce opportunities for misappropriation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1454, "Sentence":"However, these efforts may be compromised in areas where organized criminal groups are present or where natural resources are being exploited by armed forces or groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources however effort may compromised area organized criminal group present natural resource exploited armed force group ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.4 Transitional security arrangements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements include provisions for transitional security arrangements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Depending on the context, these arrangements may include the deployment of the national police, community police, or the creation of joint units, patrols or operations involving the different parties to a conflict. Joint efforts can help to increase scrutiny on the illicit trade in natural resources. However, these efforts may be compromised in areas where organized criminal groups are present or where natural resources are being exploited by armed forces or groups. In this type of context, DDR practitioners may be better off working with mediators and other actors to help increase provisions for natural resources in peace agreements or cease-fires (see section 8.1 and IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). Where transitional security arrangements exist, education and training for security units on how to secure natural resources will ensure greater transparency and oversight which can reduce opportunities for misappropriation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1454, "Sentence":"In this type of context, DDR practitioners may be better off working with mediators and other actors to help increase provisions for natural resources in peace agreements or cease-fires (see section 8.1 and IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources type context ddr practitioner may better working mediator actor help increase provision natural resource peace agreement ceasefires see section 8.1 iddrs 6.40 ddr organized crime ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"8. DDR-related tools and natural resource management", "Heading2":"8.4 Transitional security arrangements", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":47, "Paragraph":"Many comprehensive peace agreements include provisions for transitional security arrangements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Depending on the context, these arrangements may include the deployment of the national police, community police, or the creation of joint units, patrols or operations involving the different parties to a conflict. Joint efforts can help to increase scrutiny on the illicit trade in natural resources. However, these efforts may be compromised in areas where organized criminal groups are present or where natural resources are being exploited by armed forces or groups. In this type of context, DDR practitioners may be better off working with mediators and other actors to help increase provisions for natural resources in peace agreements or cease-fires (see section 8.1 and IDDRS 6.40 on DDR and Organized Crime). Where transitional security arrangements exist, education and training for security units on how to secure natural resources will ensure greater transparency and oversight which can reduce opportunities for misappropriation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1454, "Sentence":"Where transitional security arrangements exist, education and training for security units on how to secure natural resources will ensure greater transparency and oversight which can reduce opportunities for misappropriation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources transitional security arrangement exist education training security unit secure natural resource ensure greater transparency oversight reduce opportunity misappropriation ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and natural resource management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support may be provided at all stages of conflict, even if there is no formal DDR programme or peace agreement (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). The guidance provided in section 7.3 of this module, on reintegration as part of a DDR programme, also applies to reintegration efforts outside of DDR programmes. In contexts of ongoing armed conflict, reintegration support can focus on resiliency and improving opportunities in natural resource management sectors, picking up on many of the CBNRM approaches discussed in previous sections. In particular, engagement with other efforts to improve the transparency in targeted natural resource supply chains is extremely important, as this can be a source of creating sustainable employment opportunities and reduce the risk that key sectors are re- captured by armed forces and groups. Undertaking these efforts together with other measures to help the recovery of conflict-affected communities can also create opportunities for social reconciliation and cohesion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1455, "Sentence":"Reintegration support may be provided at all stages of conflict, even if there is no formal DDR programme or peace agreement (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources reintegration support may provided stage conflict even formal ddr programme peace agreement see iddrs 2.40 reintegration part sustaining peace iddrs 4.30 reintegration ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and natural resource management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support may be provided at all stages of conflict, even if there is no formal DDR programme or peace agreement (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). The guidance provided in section 7.3 of this module, on reintegration as part of a DDR programme, also applies to reintegration efforts outside of DDR programmes. In contexts of ongoing armed conflict, reintegration support can focus on resiliency and improving opportunities in natural resource management sectors, picking up on many of the CBNRM approaches discussed in previous sections. In particular, engagement with other efforts to improve the transparency in targeted natural resource supply chains is extremely important, as this can be a source of creating sustainable employment opportunities and reduce the risk that key sectors are re- captured by armed forces and groups. Undertaking these efforts together with other measures to help the recovery of conflict-affected communities can also create opportunities for social reconciliation and cohesion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1455, "Sentence":"The guidance provided in section 7.3 of this module, on reintegration as part of a DDR programme, also applies to reintegration efforts outside of DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources guidance provided section 7.3 module reintegration part ddr programme also applies reintegration effort outside ddr programme ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and natural resource management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support may be provided at all stages of conflict, even if there is no formal DDR programme or peace agreement (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). The guidance provided in section 7.3 of this module, on reintegration as part of a DDR programme, also applies to reintegration efforts outside of DDR programmes. In contexts of ongoing armed conflict, reintegration support can focus on resiliency and improving opportunities in natural resource management sectors, picking up on many of the CBNRM approaches discussed in previous sections. In particular, engagement with other efforts to improve the transparency in targeted natural resource supply chains is extremely important, as this can be a source of creating sustainable employment opportunities and reduce the risk that key sectors are re- captured by armed forces and groups. Undertaking these efforts together with other measures to help the recovery of conflict-affected communities can also create opportunities for social reconciliation and cohesion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1455, "Sentence":"In contexts of ongoing armed conflict, reintegration support can focus on resiliency and improving opportunities in natural resource management sectors, picking up on many of the CBNRM approaches discussed in previous sections.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources context ongoing armed conflict reintegration support focus resiliency improving opportunity natural resource management sector picking many cbnrm approach discussed previous section ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and natural resource management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support may be provided at all stages of conflict, even if there is no formal DDR programme or peace agreement (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). The guidance provided in section 7.3 of this module, on reintegration as part of a DDR programme, also applies to reintegration efforts outside of DDR programmes. In contexts of ongoing armed conflict, reintegration support can focus on resiliency and improving opportunities in natural resource management sectors, picking up on many of the CBNRM approaches discussed in previous sections. In particular, engagement with other efforts to improve the transparency in targeted natural resource supply chains is extremely important, as this can be a source of creating sustainable employment opportunities and reduce the risk that key sectors are re- captured by armed forces and groups. Undertaking these efforts together with other measures to help the recovery of conflict-affected communities can also create opportunities for social reconciliation and cohesion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1455, "Sentence":"In particular, engagement with other efforts to improve the transparency in targeted natural resource supply chains is extremely important, as this can be a source of creating sustainable employment opportunities and reduce the risk that key sectors are re- captured by armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources particular engagement effort improve transparency targeted natural resource supply chain extremely important source creating sustainable employment opportunity reduce risk key sector captured armed force group ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"9. Reintegration support and natural resource management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Reintegration support may be provided at all stages of conflict, even if there is no formal DDR programme or peace agreement (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace and IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration). The guidance provided in section 7.3 of this module, on reintegration as part of a DDR programme, also applies to reintegration efforts outside of DDR programmes. In contexts of ongoing armed conflict, reintegration support can focus on resiliency and improving opportunities in natural resource management sectors, picking up on many of the CBNRM approaches discussed in previous sections. In particular, engagement with other efforts to improve the transparency in targeted natural resource supply chains is extremely important, as this can be a source of creating sustainable employment opportunities and reduce the risk that key sectors are re- captured by armed forces and groups. Undertaking these efforts together with other measures to help the recovery of conflict-affected communities can also create opportunities for social reconciliation and cohesion.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1455, "Sentence":"Undertaking these efforts together with other measures to help the recovery of conflict-affected communities can also create opportunities for social reconciliation and cohesion.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources undertaking effort together measure help recovery conflictaffected community also create opportunity social reconciliation cohesion ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"10. DDR, SSR and natural resource management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Armed forces and groups often fuel their activities by assuming control over resource rich territory. When States lose sovereign control over these resources, DDR and SSR processes are impeded. For example, resource revenues can prove relatively more attractive than the benefits offered through DDR and, as a result, individuals and groups may opt not to participate. Similarly, armed groups that are required by peace agreements to integrate into the national army and redeploy to a different geographical area may refuse to do so if it means losing control over resource rich territory. Where members of the security sector have been controlling natural resource extraction and\/ or trade areas or networks, this dynamic is likely to continue until the sector becomes formalized and there are appropriate systems of accountability in place to prevent illegal exploitation or trafficking of resources.Peace agreements that do not effectively address the role of natural resources risk leaving warring parties with the economic means to resume fighting as soon as they decide that peace no longer suits them. In contexts where natural resources fuel conflict, integrated DDR and SSR processes should be planned with this in mind. Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should advise mediation teams on the impact of militarized resource exploitation on DDR and SSR and recommend that provisions regarding the governance of natural resources are included in the peace agreement (if one exists). Care must also be taken not to further militarize natural resource extraction areas. The implementation of DDR in this context can be supported by SSR programmes that address the governance of natural resources. Among other elements, these programmes may focus on ensuring the transparent and accountable allocation of natural resource concessions and transparent management of the revenues derived from their exploitation. This will involve supporting assessments of what natural resources the country has and their best possible usage; assisting in the creation of laws and regulations that require transparency and accountability; and building institutional capacity to manage natural resources wisely and enforce the law effectively. For more information on the relationship between DDR and SSR, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1456, "Sentence":"Armed forces and groups often fuel their activities by assuming control over resource rich territory.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources armed force group often fuel activity assuming control resource rich territory ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"10. DDR, SSR and natural resource management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Armed forces and groups often fuel their activities by assuming control over resource rich territory. When States lose sovereign control over these resources, DDR and SSR processes are impeded. For example, resource revenues can prove relatively more attractive than the benefits offered through DDR and, as a result, individuals and groups may opt not to participate. Similarly, armed groups that are required by peace agreements to integrate into the national army and redeploy to a different geographical area may refuse to do so if it means losing control over resource rich territory. Where members of the security sector have been controlling natural resource extraction and\/ or trade areas or networks, this dynamic is likely to continue until the sector becomes formalized and there are appropriate systems of accountability in place to prevent illegal exploitation or trafficking of resources.Peace agreements that do not effectively address the role of natural resources risk leaving warring parties with the economic means to resume fighting as soon as they decide that peace no longer suits them. In contexts where natural resources fuel conflict, integrated DDR and SSR processes should be planned with this in mind. Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should advise mediation teams on the impact of militarized resource exploitation on DDR and SSR and recommend that provisions regarding the governance of natural resources are included in the peace agreement (if one exists). Care must also be taken not to further militarize natural resource extraction areas. The implementation of DDR in this context can be supported by SSR programmes that address the governance of natural resources. Among other elements, these programmes may focus on ensuring the transparent and accountable allocation of natural resource concessions and transparent management of the revenues derived from their exploitation. This will involve supporting assessments of what natural resources the country has and their best possible usage; assisting in the creation of laws and regulations that require transparency and accountability; and building institutional capacity to manage natural resources wisely and enforce the law effectively. For more information on the relationship between DDR and SSR, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1456, "Sentence":"When States lose sovereign control over these resources, DDR and SSR processes are impeded.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources state lose sovereign control resource ddr ssr process impeded ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"10. DDR, SSR and natural resource management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Armed forces and groups often fuel their activities by assuming control over resource rich territory. When States lose sovereign control over these resources, DDR and SSR processes are impeded. For example, resource revenues can prove relatively more attractive than the benefits offered through DDR and, as a result, individuals and groups may opt not to participate. Similarly, armed groups that are required by peace agreements to integrate into the national army and redeploy to a different geographical area may refuse to do so if it means losing control over resource rich territory. Where members of the security sector have been controlling natural resource extraction and\/ or trade areas or networks, this dynamic is likely to continue until the sector becomes formalized and there are appropriate systems of accountability in place to prevent illegal exploitation or trafficking of resources.Peace agreements that do not effectively address the role of natural resources risk leaving warring parties with the economic means to resume fighting as soon as they decide that peace no longer suits them. In contexts where natural resources fuel conflict, integrated DDR and SSR processes should be planned with this in mind. Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should advise mediation teams on the impact of militarized resource exploitation on DDR and SSR and recommend that provisions regarding the governance of natural resources are included in the peace agreement (if one exists). Care must also be taken not to further militarize natural resource extraction areas. The implementation of DDR in this context can be supported by SSR programmes that address the governance of natural resources. Among other elements, these programmes may focus on ensuring the transparent and accountable allocation of natural resource concessions and transparent management of the revenues derived from their exploitation. This will involve supporting assessments of what natural resources the country has and their best possible usage; assisting in the creation of laws and regulations that require transparency and accountability; and building institutional capacity to manage natural resources wisely and enforce the law effectively. For more information on the relationship between DDR and SSR, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1456, "Sentence":"For example, resource revenues can prove relatively more attractive than the benefits offered through DDR and, as a result, individuals and groups may opt not to participate.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources example resource revenue prove relatively attractive benefit offered ddr result individual group may opt participate ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"10. DDR, SSR and natural resource management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Armed forces and groups often fuel their activities by assuming control over resource rich territory. When States lose sovereign control over these resources, DDR and SSR processes are impeded. For example, resource revenues can prove relatively more attractive than the benefits offered through DDR and, as a result, individuals and groups may opt not to participate. Similarly, armed groups that are required by peace agreements to integrate into the national army and redeploy to a different geographical area may refuse to do so if it means losing control over resource rich territory. Where members of the security sector have been controlling natural resource extraction and\/ or trade areas or networks, this dynamic is likely to continue until the sector becomes formalized and there are appropriate systems of accountability in place to prevent illegal exploitation or trafficking of resources.Peace agreements that do not effectively address the role of natural resources risk leaving warring parties with the economic means to resume fighting as soon as they decide that peace no longer suits them. In contexts where natural resources fuel conflict, integrated DDR and SSR processes should be planned with this in mind. Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should advise mediation teams on the impact of militarized resource exploitation on DDR and SSR and recommend that provisions regarding the governance of natural resources are included in the peace agreement (if one exists). Care must also be taken not to further militarize natural resource extraction areas. The implementation of DDR in this context can be supported by SSR programmes that address the governance of natural resources. Among other elements, these programmes may focus on ensuring the transparent and accountable allocation of natural resource concessions and transparent management of the revenues derived from their exploitation. This will involve supporting assessments of what natural resources the country has and their best possible usage; assisting in the creation of laws and regulations that require transparency and accountability; and building institutional capacity to manage natural resources wisely and enforce the law effectively. For more information on the relationship between DDR and SSR, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1456, "Sentence":"Similarly, armed groups that are required by peace agreements to integrate into the national army and redeploy to a different geographical area may refuse to do so if it means losing control over resource rich territory.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources similarly armed group required peace agreement integrate national army redeploy different geographical area may refuse mean losing control resource rich territory ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"10. DDR, SSR and natural resource management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Armed forces and groups often fuel their activities by assuming control over resource rich territory. When States lose sovereign control over these resources, DDR and SSR processes are impeded. For example, resource revenues can prove relatively more attractive than the benefits offered through DDR and, as a result, individuals and groups may opt not to participate. Similarly, armed groups that are required by peace agreements to integrate into the national army and redeploy to a different geographical area may refuse to do so if it means losing control over resource rich territory. Where members of the security sector have been controlling natural resource extraction and\/ or trade areas or networks, this dynamic is likely to continue until the sector becomes formalized and there are appropriate systems of accountability in place to prevent illegal exploitation or trafficking of resources.Peace agreements that do not effectively address the role of natural resources risk leaving warring parties with the economic means to resume fighting as soon as they decide that peace no longer suits them. In contexts where natural resources fuel conflict, integrated DDR and SSR processes should be planned with this in mind. Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should advise mediation teams on the impact of militarized resource exploitation on DDR and SSR and recommend that provisions regarding the governance of natural resources are included in the peace agreement (if one exists). Care must also be taken not to further militarize natural resource extraction areas. The implementation of DDR in this context can be supported by SSR programmes that address the governance of natural resources. Among other elements, these programmes may focus on ensuring the transparent and accountable allocation of natural resource concessions and transparent management of the revenues derived from their exploitation. This will involve supporting assessments of what natural resources the country has and their best possible usage; assisting in the creation of laws and regulations that require transparency and accountability; and building institutional capacity to manage natural resources wisely and enforce the law effectively. For more information on the relationship between DDR and SSR, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1456, "Sentence":"Where members of the security sector have been controlling natural resource extraction and\/ or trade areas or networks, this dynamic is likely to continue until the sector becomes formalized and there are appropriate systems of accountability in place to prevent illegal exploitation or trafficking of resources.Peace agreements that do not effectively address the role of natural resources risk leaving warring parties with the economic means to resume fighting as soon as they decide that peace no longer suits them.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources member security sector controlling natural resource extraction and\/ trade area network dynamic likely continue sector becomes formalized appropriate system accountability place prevent illegal exploitation trafficking resources.peace agreement effectively address role natural resource risk leaving warring party economic mean resume fighting soon decide peace longer suit ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"10. DDR, SSR and natural resource management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Armed forces and groups often fuel their activities by assuming control over resource rich territory. When States lose sovereign control over these resources, DDR and SSR processes are impeded. For example, resource revenues can prove relatively more attractive than the benefits offered through DDR and, as a result, individuals and groups may opt not to participate. Similarly, armed groups that are required by peace agreements to integrate into the national army and redeploy to a different geographical area may refuse to do so if it means losing control over resource rich territory. Where members of the security sector have been controlling natural resource extraction and\/ or trade areas or networks, this dynamic is likely to continue until the sector becomes formalized and there are appropriate systems of accountability in place to prevent illegal exploitation or trafficking of resources.Peace agreements that do not effectively address the role of natural resources risk leaving warring parties with the economic means to resume fighting as soon as they decide that peace no longer suits them. In contexts where natural resources fuel conflict, integrated DDR and SSR processes should be planned with this in mind. Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should advise mediation teams on the impact of militarized resource exploitation on DDR and SSR and recommend that provisions regarding the governance of natural resources are included in the peace agreement (if one exists). Care must also be taken not to further militarize natural resource extraction areas. The implementation of DDR in this context can be supported by SSR programmes that address the governance of natural resources. Among other elements, these programmes may focus on ensuring the transparent and accountable allocation of natural resource concessions and transparent management of the revenues derived from their exploitation. This will involve supporting assessments of what natural resources the country has and their best possible usage; assisting in the creation of laws and regulations that require transparency and accountability; and building institutional capacity to manage natural resources wisely and enforce the law effectively. For more information on the relationship between DDR and SSR, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1456, "Sentence":"In contexts where natural resources fuel conflict, integrated DDR and SSR processes should be planned with this in mind.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources context natural resource fuel conflict integrated ddr ssr process planned mind ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"10. DDR, SSR and natural resource management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Armed forces and groups often fuel their activities by assuming control over resource rich territory. When States lose sovereign control over these resources, DDR and SSR processes are impeded. For example, resource revenues can prove relatively more attractive than the benefits offered through DDR and, as a result, individuals and groups may opt not to participate. Similarly, armed groups that are required by peace agreements to integrate into the national army and redeploy to a different geographical area may refuse to do so if it means losing control over resource rich territory. Where members of the security sector have been controlling natural resource extraction and\/ or trade areas or networks, this dynamic is likely to continue until the sector becomes formalized and there are appropriate systems of accountability in place to prevent illegal exploitation or trafficking of resources.Peace agreements that do not effectively address the role of natural resources risk leaving warring parties with the economic means to resume fighting as soon as they decide that peace no longer suits them. In contexts where natural resources fuel conflict, integrated DDR and SSR processes should be planned with this in mind. Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should advise mediation teams on the impact of militarized resource exploitation on DDR and SSR and recommend that provisions regarding the governance of natural resources are included in the peace agreement (if one exists). Care must also be taken not to further militarize natural resource extraction areas. The implementation of DDR in this context can be supported by SSR programmes that address the governance of natural resources. Among other elements, these programmes may focus on ensuring the transparent and accountable allocation of natural resource concessions and transparent management of the revenues derived from their exploitation. This will involve supporting assessments of what natural resources the country has and their best possible usage; assisting in the creation of laws and regulations that require transparency and accountability; and building institutional capacity to manage natural resources wisely and enforce the law effectively. For more information on the relationship between DDR and SSR, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1456, "Sentence":"Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should advise mediation teams on the impact of militarized resource exploitation on DDR and SSR and recommend that provisions regarding the governance of natural resources are included in the peace agreement (if one exists).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources appropriate ddr practitioner advise mediation team impact militarized resource exploitation ddr ssr recommend provision regarding governance natural resource included peace agreement one exists ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"10. DDR, SSR and natural resource management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Armed forces and groups often fuel their activities by assuming control over resource rich territory. When States lose sovereign control over these resources, DDR and SSR processes are impeded. For example, resource revenues can prove relatively more attractive than the benefits offered through DDR and, as a result, individuals and groups may opt not to participate. Similarly, armed groups that are required by peace agreements to integrate into the national army and redeploy to a different geographical area may refuse to do so if it means losing control over resource rich territory. Where members of the security sector have been controlling natural resource extraction and\/ or trade areas or networks, this dynamic is likely to continue until the sector becomes formalized and there are appropriate systems of accountability in place to prevent illegal exploitation or trafficking of resources.Peace agreements that do not effectively address the role of natural resources risk leaving warring parties with the economic means to resume fighting as soon as they decide that peace no longer suits them. In contexts where natural resources fuel conflict, integrated DDR and SSR processes should be planned with this in mind. Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should advise mediation teams on the impact of militarized resource exploitation on DDR and SSR and recommend that provisions regarding the governance of natural resources are included in the peace agreement (if one exists). Care must also be taken not to further militarize natural resource extraction areas. The implementation of DDR in this context can be supported by SSR programmes that address the governance of natural resources. Among other elements, these programmes may focus on ensuring the transparent and accountable allocation of natural resource concessions and transparent management of the revenues derived from their exploitation. This will involve supporting assessments of what natural resources the country has and their best possible usage; assisting in the creation of laws and regulations that require transparency and accountability; and building institutional capacity to manage natural resources wisely and enforce the law effectively. For more information on the relationship between DDR and SSR, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1456, "Sentence":"Care must also be taken not to further militarize natural resource extraction areas.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources care must also taken militarize natural resource extraction area ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"10. DDR, SSR and natural resource management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Armed forces and groups often fuel their activities by assuming control over resource rich territory. When States lose sovereign control over these resources, DDR and SSR processes are impeded. For example, resource revenues can prove relatively more attractive than the benefits offered through DDR and, as a result, individuals and groups may opt not to participate. Similarly, armed groups that are required by peace agreements to integrate into the national army and redeploy to a different geographical area may refuse to do so if it means losing control over resource rich territory. Where members of the security sector have been controlling natural resource extraction and\/ or trade areas or networks, this dynamic is likely to continue until the sector becomes formalized and there are appropriate systems of accountability in place to prevent illegal exploitation or trafficking of resources.Peace agreements that do not effectively address the role of natural resources risk leaving warring parties with the economic means to resume fighting as soon as they decide that peace no longer suits them. In contexts where natural resources fuel conflict, integrated DDR and SSR processes should be planned with this in mind. Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should advise mediation teams on the impact of militarized resource exploitation on DDR and SSR and recommend that provisions regarding the governance of natural resources are included in the peace agreement (if one exists). Care must also be taken not to further militarize natural resource extraction areas. The implementation of DDR in this context can be supported by SSR programmes that address the governance of natural resources. Among other elements, these programmes may focus on ensuring the transparent and accountable allocation of natural resource concessions and transparent management of the revenues derived from their exploitation. This will involve supporting assessments of what natural resources the country has and their best possible usage; assisting in the creation of laws and regulations that require transparency and accountability; and building institutional capacity to manage natural resources wisely and enforce the law effectively. For more information on the relationship between DDR and SSR, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1456, "Sentence":"The implementation of DDR in this context can be supported by SSR programmes that address the governance of natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources implementation ddr context supported ssr programme address governance natural resource ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"10. DDR, SSR and natural resource management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Armed forces and groups often fuel their activities by assuming control over resource rich territory. When States lose sovereign control over these resources, DDR and SSR processes are impeded. For example, resource revenues can prove relatively more attractive than the benefits offered through DDR and, as a result, individuals and groups may opt not to participate. Similarly, armed groups that are required by peace agreements to integrate into the national army and redeploy to a different geographical area may refuse to do so if it means losing control over resource rich territory. Where members of the security sector have been controlling natural resource extraction and\/ or trade areas or networks, this dynamic is likely to continue until the sector becomes formalized and there are appropriate systems of accountability in place to prevent illegal exploitation or trafficking of resources.Peace agreements that do not effectively address the role of natural resources risk leaving warring parties with the economic means to resume fighting as soon as they decide that peace no longer suits them. In contexts where natural resources fuel conflict, integrated DDR and SSR processes should be planned with this in mind. Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should advise mediation teams on the impact of militarized resource exploitation on DDR and SSR and recommend that provisions regarding the governance of natural resources are included in the peace agreement (if one exists). Care must also be taken not to further militarize natural resource extraction areas. The implementation of DDR in this context can be supported by SSR programmes that address the governance of natural resources. Among other elements, these programmes may focus on ensuring the transparent and accountable allocation of natural resource concessions and transparent management of the revenues derived from their exploitation. This will involve supporting assessments of what natural resources the country has and their best possible usage; assisting in the creation of laws and regulations that require transparency and accountability; and building institutional capacity to manage natural resources wisely and enforce the law effectively. For more information on the relationship between DDR and SSR, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1456, "Sentence":"Among other elements, these programmes may focus on ensuring the transparent and accountable allocation of natural resource concessions and transparent management of the revenues derived from their exploitation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources among element programme may focus ensuring transparent accountable allocation natural resource concession transparent management revenue derived exploitation ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"10. DDR, SSR and natural resource management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Armed forces and groups often fuel their activities by assuming control over resource rich territory. When States lose sovereign control over these resources, DDR and SSR processes are impeded. For example, resource revenues can prove relatively more attractive than the benefits offered through DDR and, as a result, individuals and groups may opt not to participate. Similarly, armed groups that are required by peace agreements to integrate into the national army and redeploy to a different geographical area may refuse to do so if it means losing control over resource rich territory. Where members of the security sector have been controlling natural resource extraction and\/ or trade areas or networks, this dynamic is likely to continue until the sector becomes formalized and there are appropriate systems of accountability in place to prevent illegal exploitation or trafficking of resources.Peace agreements that do not effectively address the role of natural resources risk leaving warring parties with the economic means to resume fighting as soon as they decide that peace no longer suits them. In contexts where natural resources fuel conflict, integrated DDR and SSR processes should be planned with this in mind. Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should advise mediation teams on the impact of militarized resource exploitation on DDR and SSR and recommend that provisions regarding the governance of natural resources are included in the peace agreement (if one exists). Care must also be taken not to further militarize natural resource extraction areas. The implementation of DDR in this context can be supported by SSR programmes that address the governance of natural resources. Among other elements, these programmes may focus on ensuring the transparent and accountable allocation of natural resource concessions and transparent management of the revenues derived from their exploitation. This will involve supporting assessments of what natural resources the country has and their best possible usage; assisting in the creation of laws and regulations that require transparency and accountability; and building institutional capacity to manage natural resources wisely and enforce the law effectively. For more information on the relationship between DDR and SSR, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1456, "Sentence":"This will involve supporting assessments of what natural resources the country has and their best possible usage; assisting in the creation of laws and regulations that require transparency and accountability; and building institutional capacity to manage natural resources wisely and enforce the law effectively.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources involve supporting assessment natural resource country best possible usage assisting creation law regulation require transparency accountability building institutional capacity manage natural resource wisely enforce law effectively ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"10. DDR, SSR and natural resource management", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":48, "Paragraph":"Armed forces and groups often fuel their activities by assuming control over resource rich territory. When States lose sovereign control over these resources, DDR and SSR processes are impeded. For example, resource revenues can prove relatively more attractive than the benefits offered through DDR and, as a result, individuals and groups may opt not to participate. Similarly, armed groups that are required by peace agreements to integrate into the national army and redeploy to a different geographical area may refuse to do so if it means losing control over resource rich territory. Where members of the security sector have been controlling natural resource extraction and\/ or trade areas or networks, this dynamic is likely to continue until the sector becomes formalized and there are appropriate systems of accountability in place to prevent illegal exploitation or trafficking of resources.Peace agreements that do not effectively address the role of natural resources risk leaving warring parties with the economic means to resume fighting as soon as they decide that peace no longer suits them. In contexts where natural resources fuel conflict, integrated DDR and SSR processes should be planned with this in mind. Where appropriate, DDR practitioners should advise mediation teams on the impact of militarized resource exploitation on DDR and SSR and recommend that provisions regarding the governance of natural resources are included in the peace agreement (if one exists). Care must also be taken not to further militarize natural resource extraction areas. The implementation of DDR in this context can be supported by SSR programmes that address the governance of natural resources. Among other elements, these programmes may focus on ensuring the transparent and accountable allocation of natural resource concessions and transparent management of the revenues derived from their exploitation. This will involve supporting assessments of what natural resources the country has and their best possible usage; assisting in the creation of laws and regulations that require transparency and accountability; and building institutional capacity to manage natural resources wisely and enforce the law effectively. For more information on the relationship between DDR and SSR, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1456, "Sentence":"For more information on the relationship between DDR and SSR, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources information relationship ddr ssr see iddrs 6.10 ddr security sector reform ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources sample question conflict security analysis n communities\/society\/government\/armed group benefit natural resource implicated conflict" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources men woman boy girl people disability benefit specifically" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n Who has access to and control over natural resources?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n access control natural resource" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"What is the role of armed groups in this?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources role armed group" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n trend change natural resource affected climate change access control natural resource impacted climate change" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n access control land water nonextractive resource disaggregated sex age ethnic and\/or religion" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"What is the role of armed groups in this?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources role armed group" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n implication carry arm e.g . security access control resource" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n vulnerable people regard depletion natural resource contamination" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n vulnerable people term safety security regarding access natural resource specific vulnerability men woman minority" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n group face constraint regard access ownership capital assetssample question disarmament operation transitional weapon ammunition management n within armed group community carry arm" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources use control natural resource specific territory" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n implication disarmament stockpile management site local community \u2019 livelihood access natural resource" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"Are the implications different for women and men?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources implication different woman men" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n reason male female member armed group hold arm ammunition e.g . lack alternative livelihood lootability natural resource status" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n reason male female community member posse arm ammunition e.g ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources access natural resource protection statussample question demobilization including reinsertion n cantonment demobilization site affect local community \u2019 access natural resource" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n How are women and men affected differently?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n woman men affected differently" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n infrastructure need local community" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n difference woman men \u2019 priority" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n order act manner inclusive relevant stakeholder whose voice heard process planning implementing reinsertion activity local community" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n traditional role woman men labour market participation" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"What are the differences between different age groups?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources difference different age group" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n woman men cultural role affect participation e.g ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources child care role cultural belief time poverty" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n skill ability required participant planned reinsertion activity" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n group require special support able participate reinsertion activitiessample question reintegration community violence reduction programme n gender role woman men different age group community" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n decision men woman make family community" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n within household carry task e.g ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources subsistence\/breadwinning decision making income spending child care household chore" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n incentive economic opportunity different family member receives" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n expenditure men woman responsible" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n rigid gendered division labour" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n daily seasonal variation woman men \u2019 labour supply" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n access control enabling asset productive resource e.g . land finance credit" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n access control human capital resource e.g . education knowledge time mobility" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n implication limited access control" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources risk safety security access natural resource" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n constraint men woman different age group operate differ" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n especially vulnerable group term access natural resource e.g . woman without male relative internally displaced people femaleheaded household youth person disability" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"\\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources n support need group e.g ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources legal aid awareness raising stigmatization protection" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex B: Sample questions for specific needs analysis in regard to natural resources in DDR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":49, "Paragraph":"Sample questions for conflict and security analysis: \\n Who in the communities\/society\/government\/armed groups benefits from the natural resources that were implicated in the conflict? How do men, women, boys, girls and people with disabilities benefit specifically? \\n Who has access to and control over natural resources? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What trends and changes in natural resources are being affected by climate change, and how is access and control over natural resources impacted by climate change? \\n Who has access to and control over land, water and non-extractive resources disaggregated by sex, age, ethnic and\/or religion? What is the role of armed groups in this? \\n What are the implications for those who do not carry arms (e.g., security and access to control over resources)? \\n Who are the most vulnerable people in regard to depletion of natural resources or contamination? \\n Who is vulnerable people in terms of safety and security regarding access to natural resources and what are the specific vulnerabilities of men, women, and minorities? \\n Which groups face constraints in regard to access to and ownership of capital assets?Sample questions for disarmament operations and transitional weapons and ammunition management: \\n Who within the armed groups or in the communities carry arms? Do they use these to control natural resources or specific territories? \\n What are the implications of disarmament and stockpile management sites for local communities\u2019 livelihoods and access to natural resources? Are the implications different for women and men? \\n What are the reasons for male and female members of armed groups to hold arms and ammunition (e.g., lack of alternative livelihoods, lootability of natural resources, status)? \\n What are the reasons for male and female community members to possess arms and ammunition (e.g. access to natural resources, protection, status)?Sample questions for demobilization (including reinsertion): \\n How do cantonments or other demobilization sites affect local communities\u2019 access to natural resources? \\n How are women and men affected differently? \\n What are the infrastructure needs of local communities? \\n What are the differences of women and men\u2019s priorities? \\n In order to act in a manner inclusive of all relevant stakeholders, whose voices should be heard in the process of planning and implementing reinsertion activities with local communities? \\n What are the traditional roles of women and men in labour market participation? What are the differences between different age groups? \\n Do women or men have cultural roles that affect their participation (e.g. child care roles, cultural beliefs, time poverty)? \\n What skills and abilities are required from participants of the planned reinsertion activities? \\n Are there groups that require special support to be able to participate in reinsertion activities?Sample questions for reintegration and community violence reduction programmes: \\n What are the gender roles of women and men of different age groups in the community? \\n What decisions do men and women make in the family and community? \\n Who within the household carries out which tasks (e.g. subsistence\/breadwinning, decision making over income spending, child care, household chores)? \\n What are the incentives of economic opportunities for different family members and who receives them? \\n Which expenditures are men and women responsible for? \\n How rigid is the gendered division of labour? \\n What are the daily and seasonal variations in women and men\u2019s labour supply? \\n Who has access to and control over enabling assets for productive resources (e.g., land, finances, credit)? \\n Who has access to and control over human capital resources (e.g., education, knowledge, time, mobility)? \\n What are the implications for those with limited access or control? For those who risk their safety and security to access natural resources? \\n How do constraints under which men and women of different age groups operate differ? \\n Who are the especially vulnerable groups in terms of access to natural resources (e.g., women without male relatives, internally displaced people, female-headed households, youth, persons with disabilities)? \\n What are the support needs of these groups (e.g. legal aid, awareness raising against stigmatization, protection)? How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1457, "Sentence":"How can barriers to the full participation of these groups be mitigated?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources barrier full participation group mitigated" }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources second report protection environment relation armed conflict 2019 a\/cn.4\/728 special rapporteur marja lehto n present report considers certain question protection environment non international armed conflict focus international rule practice concerning natural resource may enhance protection environment conflict ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources underlined two question considered\u2013 illegal exploitation natural resource unintended environmental effect human displacement \u2013 exclusive noninternational armed conflict ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources provide basis comprehensive consideration environmental issue relating noninternational conflict ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources time representative problem prevalent current noninternational armed conflict caused severe stress environment ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources present report lay basis finalizing work topic international law commission complete set draft principle together accompanying commentary could adopted.the sustaining peace approach twin resolution review un peacebuilding architecture 2018 ga resolution 70\/262 sc resolution 2282 2016 n concept \u2018 sustaining peace \u2019 emerged new comprehensive approach preventing outbreak continuation recurrence conflict ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources mark clear break past effort build peace perceived mainly restricted postconflict context ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources concept framed twin sustaining peace resolution united nation un secretary general report peacebuilding sustaining peace recognises comprehensive approach required across peace continuum conflict prevention peacemaking peacekeeping longerterm development ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources therefore necessitates integrated coherent approach among relevant political security developmental actor within outside united nation system.sg action peacekeeping a4p initiative declaration shared commitment 2018 nn action peacekeeping a4p initiative secretarygeneral called member state security council host country troop police contributing country regional partner financial contributor renew collective engagement un peacekeeping mutually commit reach excellence ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources declaration commitment focus set key priority build new commitment existing workstreams ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources implementation goal centered eight priority commitment area n politics n woman peace security n protection n safety security n performance accountability n peacebuilding sustaining peace n partnership n conduct peacekeeper peacekeeping operations2030 agenda sustainable development sustainable development goal sdgs n sdgs include element pertain ddr gender natural resource ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources comprehensive approach achieving requires humanitarian development practitioner including working ddr process take account goal planning designing intervention ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"_____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources report secretarygeneral \u201c woman \u2019 participation peacebuilding \u201d 7 september 2010 a\/65\/354 s\/2010\/466 n report call peacebuilding actor \u201c ensure genderresponsive economic recovery \u201d \u201c promotion woman \u2018 frontline \u2019 servicedelivery agent \u201d including area \u201c agricultural extension natural resource management. \u201d third report secretarygeneral \u201c disarmament demobilization reintegration \u201d 21 march 2011 a\/65\/741 n 2011 report secretarygeneral ddr identifies trafficking natural resource \u201c key regional issue affecting reintegration excombatants \u201d specifically refers natural resource management emerging issue contribute sustainability reintegration programme properly addressed.resolution adopted general assembly \u201c observance environmental norm drafting implementation agreement disarmament arm control \u201d 13 january 2011 a\/res\/65\/53 n general assembly resolution underline \u201c importance observance environmental norm preparation implementation disarmament arm limitation agreement \u201d reaffirms international community contribute ensuring compliance relevant environmental norm negotiating treaty agreement disarmament arm limitation ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources call \u201c state adopt unilateral bilateral regional multilateral measure contribute ensuring application scientific technological progress within framework international security disarmament related sphere without detriment environment effective contribution attaining sustainable development. \u201d report secretarygeneral \u201c peacebuilding immediate aftermath conflict \u201d 16 july 2010 a\/64\/866\u2013s\/2010\/386 n report secretarygeneral note \u201c greater effort needed deliver effective united nation response \u201d area natural resource \u201c call member state united nation system make question natural resource allocation ownership access integral part peacebuilding strategies. \u201d united nation policy postconflict employment creation income generation reintegration 2009 n policy note importance addressing \u201c root cause conflict inequitable access land natural resource \u201d use \u201c fiscal redistributive incentive minimize social tension \u201d reintegration process ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources suggests n diversifying away natural resource export expanding labourintensive export tourism n implementing cashforwork project relevant agricultural natural resource sector rural area n engaging traditional authority dispute resolution particularly regard access property natural resource forestry fishing grazing land n implementing labourintensive infrastructure programme promote sustainable agriculture including restoration natural resource base simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance community participation ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources ilo indigenous tribal people convention 1989 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"169) \\n Convention No.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources 169 n convention ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources 169 offer unique framework protection right indigenous people integral aspect inclusive sustainable development ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources international treaty subject contains specific provision promoting improvement standard living indigenous people inclusive perspective includes participation initial stage planning public policy affect including labour policy ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources regarding right ownership possession land traditionally occupy shall recognized.ilo recommendation employment decent work peace resilience 205 2017 policy build ilo recommendation 77 n transition war peace feature expanded scope including internal conflict disaster ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources broadens update guidance employment several element decent work agenda taking account current global context complex evolving nature contemporary crisis well experience gained ilo international community crisis response last decade ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources also focus recovery reconstruction postconflict disaster situation well addressing root cause fragility taking preventive measure building resilience.security council \u201c resolution 1509 2003 \u201d liberia s\/res\/1509 \u201c resolution 1565 2004 \u201d drc s\/res\/1565 \u201c resolution 1856 2008 \u201d drc s\/res\/1856 nn resolution share emphasis link armed conflict illicit exploitation trade natural resource categorically condemning illegal exploitation resource source wealth n resolution 1509 2003 un peacekeeping mission liberia called upon assist transitional government restoring proper administration natural resource n resolution 1565 2004 \u201c urge state especially region including democratic republic congo take appropriate step order end illegal activity including necessary judicial mean \u2026 exhorted international financial institution assist government national unity transition establishing efficient transparent control exploitation natural resource \u201d n \u201c recognizing link illegal exploitation natural resource illicit trade resource proliferation trafficking arm one major factor fuelling exacerbating conflict great lake region africa particular democratic republic congo \u201d security council resolution 1856 2008 decided un peacekeeping mission would work close cooperation government order among thing execute \u201c disarmament demobilization monitoring resource foreign congolese armed group \u201d specifically \u201c use monitoring inspection capacity curtail provision support illegal armed group derived illicit trade natural resources. \u201d report secretarygeneral entitled progress report prevention armed conflict 18 july 2006 a\/60\/891 n secretarygeneral \u2019 progress report note \u201c effective way prevent crisis reduce impact risk factor \u2026 include instance international effort regulate trade resource fuel conflict diamond \u2026 effort combat narcotic cultivation trafficking addiction \u2026 step reduce environmental degradation associated economic political fallout ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources many endeavour include international regulatory framework building national capacities. \u201d addition emphasizes specifically \u201c environmental degradation potential destabilize already conflictprone region especially compounded inequitable access politicization access scarce resource \u201d \u201c urge member state renew effort agree way allow u live sustainably within planet \u2019 means. \u201d encourages among thing implementing programme \u201c also positive impact locally promoting dialogue around shared resource enabling opposing group focus common problems. \u201d undgecha guidance note natural resource management transition setting january 2013 n note provides guidance policy anchor natural resource management transition setting key guiding question extractive industry renewable resource land help understand existing potential contribution conflict peacebuilding describes entry point issue considered within existing un process tool ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources also includes annex highlight tool resource source best practice guidance addressing natural resource management challenge transition settings.examples relevant certification scheme standard guideline principle n extractive industry transparency initiative eiti eiti coalition government company civil society group investor international organization developed international standard transparent reporting revenue natural resource ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources eiti company publish pay government publish receive order encourage transparency accountability side ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources process overseen multi stakeholder group government civil society company provides forum dialogue platform broader reform along natural resource value chain.food agriculture organization united nation land tenure guideline n purpose guideline serve reference provide guidance improve governance tenure land fishery forest overarching goal achieving food security ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources guideline particular focus linkage tenure land fishery forest poverty eradication food security sustainable livelihood emphasis vulnerable marginalized people ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources mention specific action taken order improve tenure land fishery forest especially woman child youth indigenous people well resolution dispute conflict tenure cooperation transboundary matter ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources guideline voluntary.pinheiro principle housing property restitution refugee displaced person n pinheiro principle housing property restitution refugee displaced person endorsed united nation subcommission promotion protection human right 11 august 2005 firmly established basis international humanitarian human right law ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources principle provide restitution practitioner well state un agency specific policy guidance relating legal policy procedural institutional technical implementation mechanism housing property restitution following conflict disaster complex emergency ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources principle focused housing land property hlp right also refer commercial property including agricultural pastoral land ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources also advocate inclusion hlp issue peace agreement appeal humanitarian budgets.natural resource charter n natural resource charter set principle government society best harness opportunity created extractive resource development ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources outline tool policy option designed avoid mismanagement diminishing natural rich ensure ongoing benefit ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources charter organized around 12 core precept offering guidance key decision government face beginning whether extract resource ending generated revenue produce maximum good citizen ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources recipe blueprint policy institution country must build rather set principle guide decision making process ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources first launched 2010 annual meeting international monetary fund world bank charter written independent group practitioner academic governance oversight board composed distinguished international figure firsthand experience challenge faced resourcerich countries.oecd due diligence guidance responsible supply chain mineral conflictaffected highrisk area n oecd due diligence guidance provides detailed recommendation help company respect human right avoid contributing conflict mineral purchasing decision practice ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources guidance use company potentially sourcing mineral metal conflictaffected highrisk area ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources oecd guidance global scope applies mineral supply chain ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources section 1502 doddfrank act n \u201c conflict mineral \u201d provision\u2014commonly known section 1502 dodd frank act\u2014 requires u.s. publiclylisted company check supply chain tin tungsten tantalum gold might originate congo neighbor take step address risk find report effort every year u.s. security exchange commission sec ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources company encouraged stop sourcing region required show working appropriate care\u2014what known \u201c due diligence \u201d \u2014to make sure funding armed group human right abuses.kimberley process n kimberley process certification scheme kpcs imposes extensive requirement member enable certify shipment rough diamond \u2018 conflictfree prevent conflict diamond entering legitimate trade ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources term kpcs participating state must meet \u2018 minimum requirement must put place national legislation institution export import internal control also commit transparency exchange statistical data ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources participant legally trade participant also met minimum requirement scheme international shipment rough diamond must accompanied kp certificate guaranteeing conflictfree.un guiding principle business human right n un guiding principle business human right set guideline state company prevent address remedy human right abuse committed business operation ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources principle organized three main tenet protect respect remedy ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources company worldwide expected comply norm underpin existing movement create due diligence legislation company supply chain operation worldwide ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources land governance assessment framework lgaf n development practitioner persuasion recognize wellfunctioning land sector boost country economic growth foster social development shield right vulnerable group help environmental protection ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources world bank \u2019 lgaf diagnostic instrument ass state land governance national subnational level ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources local expert rate quality country land governance along comprehensive set dimension ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.30-DDR-and-Natural-Resources", "Heading1":"Annex C: Relevant frameworks and standards for natural resources in conflict settings", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Natural Resources", "PageNum":52, "Paragraph":"Second Report on protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts of 2019 (A\/CN.4\/728) by Special Rapporteur Marja Lehto \\n The present report considers certain questions of the protection of the environment in non- international armed conflicts, with a focus on how the international rules and practices concerning natural resources may enhance the protection of the environment during and after such conflicts. It should be underlined here that the two questions considered\u2013 illegal exploitation of natural resources and unintended environmental effects of human displacement \u2013 are not exclusive to non-international armed conflicts. Nor do they provide a basis for a comprehensive consideration of environmental issues relating to non-international conflicts. At the same time, they are representative of problems that have been prevalent in current non-international armed conflicts and have caused severe stress to the environment. The present report will lay the basis for finalizing work on the topic by the International Law Commission, so that a complete set of draft principles together with the accompanying commentaries could be adopted.The Sustaining Peace Approach and twin resolutions on the review of the UN Peacebuilding Architecture of 2018 (GA resolution 70\/262 and SC resolution 2282 (2016)) \\n The concept of \u2018Sustaining Peace\u2019 has emerged as a new and comprehensive approach to preventing the outbreak, continuation and recurrence of conflict. It marks a clear break from the past where efforts to build peace were perceived to be mainly restricted to post-conflict contexts. The concept, framed by the twin sustaining peace resolutions and the United Nations (UN) Secretary General Report on peacebuilding and sustaining peace, recognises that a comprehensive approach is required across the peace continuum, from conflict prevention, through peace-making, peacekeeping and longer-term development. It therefore necessitates an 'integrated and coherent approach among relevant political, security and developmental actors, within and outside of the United Nations system.SG Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative and Declaration of Shared Commitments (2018) \\n\\n Through his Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, the Secretary-General called on Member States, the Security Council, host countries, troop- and police- contributing countries, regional partners and financial contributors to renew our collective engagement with UN peacekeeping and mutually commit to reach for excellence. The Declaration commitments focus on a set of key priorities that build on both new commitments and existing workstreams. Implementation goals are centered on eight priority commitment areas: \\n politics \\n women, peace and security \\n protection \\n safety and security \\n performance and accountability \\n peacebuilding and sustaining peace \\n partnerships \\n conduct of peacekeepers and peacekeeping operations2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) \\n The SDGs include elements that pertain to DDR, gender and natural resources. A comprehensive approach to achieving them requires humanitarian and development practitioners, including those working in DDR processes, to take into account each of these goals when planning and designing interventions. _____ Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cWomen\u2019s participation in peacebuilding\u201d of 7 September 2010 (A\/65\/354 - S\/2010\/466) \\n The report calls on all peacebuilding actors to \u201censure gender-responsive economic recovery\u201d through \u201cthe promotion of women as \u2018front-line\u2019 service-delivery agents,\u201d including in the areas of \u201cagricultural extension and natural resource management.\u201dThird Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 21 March 2011 (A\/65\/741) \\n The 2011 Report of the Secretary-General on DDR identifies trafficking in natural resources as a \u201ckey regional issue affecting the reintegration of ex-combatants,\u201d and specifically refers to natural resource management as an emerging issue that can contribute to the sustainability of reintegration programmes if properly addressed.Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on \u201cObservance of environmental norms in the drafting and implementation of agreements on disarmament and arms control\u201d of 13 January 2011 (A\/RES\/65\/53) \\n This General Assembly resolution underlines \u201cthe importance of the observance of environmental norms in the preparation and implementation of disarmament and arms limitation agreements\u201d and reaffirms that the international community should contribute to ensuring compliance with relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation. It further calls on \u201call States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress within the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General on \u201cPeacebuilding in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u201d of 16 July 2010 (A\/64\/866\u2013S\/2010\/386) \\n In this report, the Secretary-General notes that \u201cgreater efforts will be needed to deliver a more effective United Nations response\u201d in the area of natural resources, and he \u201ccall[s] on Member States and the United Nations system to make questions of natural resource allocation, ownership and access an integral part of peacebuilding strategies.\u201dUnited Nations Policy for Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation and Reintegration (2009) \\n The Policy notes the importance of addressing \u201croot causes of conflict such as inequitable access to land and natural resources\u201d through the use of \u201cfiscal and redistributive incentives to minimize social tensions\u201d during the reintegration process. It further suggests: \\n diversifying away from natural resource exports by expanding labour-intensive exports and tourism; \\n implementing cash-for-work projects in relevant agricultural and natural resource sectors in rural areas; \\n engaging traditional authorities in dispute resolution, particularly with regard to access to property and other natural resources (such as forestry, fishing and grazing land); and \\n implementing labour-intensive infrastructure programmes to promote sustainable agriculture, including restoration of the natural resource base, while simultaneously emphasizing social acceptance and community participation. ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) \\n Convention No. 169 offers a unique framework for the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples as an integral aspect of inclusive and sustainable development. As the only international treaty on the subject, it contains specific provisions promoting the improvement of the standards of living of indigenous peoples from an inclusive perspective, and includes their participation from the initial stages in the planning of public policies that affect them, including labour policies. Regarding the rights of ownership and possession over the lands which they traditionally occupy shall be recognized.ILO Recommendation on Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (No 205) 2017 This policy builds on ILO recommendation 77 \\n Transition from War to peace and features an expanded scope including internal conflicts and disasters. It broadens and updates the guidance on employment and several other elements of the Decent Work Agenda, taking into account the current global context and the complex and evolving nature of contemporary crises as well as the experience gained by the ILO and the international community in crisis response over the last decades. It also focuses on recovery and reconstruction in post-conflict and disaster situations, as well as on addressing root causes of fragility and taking preventive measures for building resilience.Security Council \u201cResolution 1509 (2003)\u201d on Liberia (S\/RES\/1509); \u201cResolution 1565 (2004)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1565); and \u201cResolution 1856 (2008)\u201d on DRC (S\/RES\/1856) \\n\\n These resolutions share an emphasis on the link between armed conflict and the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources, categorically condemning the illegal exploitation of these resources and other sources of wealth: \\n In resolution 1509 (2003), the UN Peacekeeping Mission in Liberia was called upon to assist the transitional government in restoring the proper administration of natural resources; \\n Resolution 1565 (2004) \u201curge[s] all States, especially those in the region including the Democratic Republic of the Congo itself, to take appropriate steps in order to end these illegal activities, including if necessary, through judicial means \u2026 and exhort[ed] the international financial institutions to assist the Government of National Unity and Transition in establishing efficient and transparent control of the exploitation of natural resources;\u201d \\n \u201cRecognizing the link between the illegal exploitation of natural resources, the illicit trade in such resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms as one of the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region of Africa, and in particular in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,\u201d Security Council Resolution 1856 (2008) decided that the UN Peacekeeping Mission would work in close cooperation with the Government in order to, among other things, execute the \u201cdisarmament, demobilization, monitoring of resources of foreign and Congolese armed groups,\u201d and more specifically, \u201cuse its monitoring and inspection capacities to curtail the provision of support to illegal armed groups derived from illicit trade in natural resources.\u201dReport of the Secretary-General entitled Progress report on the prevention of armed conflict of 18 July 2006 (A\/60\/891) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s progress report notes that \u201cThe most effective way to prevent crisis is to reduce the impact of risk factors \u2026 These include, for instance, international efforts to regulate trade in resources that fuel conflict, such as diamonds \u2026 efforts to combat narcotics cultivation, trafficking and addiction \u2026 and steps to reduce environmental degradation, with its associated economic and political fallout. Many of these endeavours include international regulatory frameworks and the building of national capacities.\u201d In addition, he emphasizes more specifically that, \u201cEnvironmental degradation has the potential to destabilize already conflict-prone regions, especially when compounded by inequitable access or politicization of access to scarce resources,\u201d and \u201curge[s] Member States to renew their efforts to agree on ways that allow all of us to live sustainably within the planet\u2019s means.\u201d He encourages, among other things, implementing programmes that \u201ccan also have a positive impact locally by promoting dialogue around shared resources and enabling opposing groups to focus on common problems.\u201dUNDG-ECHA Guidance Note on Natural Resource Management in Transition Settings (January 2013) \\n This note provides guidance on policy anchors for natural resource management in transition settings, key guiding questions for extractive industries, renewable resources and land to help understand their existing and potential contribution to conflict and peacebuilding and describes entry points where these issues should be considered within existing UN processes and tools. It also includes annexes, which highlight tools, resources and sources of best practice and other guidance for addressing natural resource management challenges in transition settings.Examples of relevant Certification Schemes, Standards, Guidelines and Principles \\n Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) The EITI is a coalition of governments, companies, civil society groups, investors and international organizations that has developed an international standard for transparent reporting on revenues from natural resources. With the EITI, companies publish what they pay and governments publish what they receive in order to encourage transparency and accountability on both sides. The process is overseen by a multi stakeholder group of governments, civil society and companies that provides a forum for dialogue and a platform for broader reforms along the natural resources value chain.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Land Tenure Guidelines \\n The purpose of these guidelines is to serve as a reference and provide guidance to improve the governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests with the overarching goal of achieving food security for all. The Guidelines have a particular focus on the linkages between tenure of land, fisheries and forests with poverty eradication, food security and sustainable livelihoods, with an emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized people. They mention specific actions that can be taken in order to improve tenure for land, fisheries and forests, especially for women, children, youth and indigenous peoples, as well as for the resolution of disputes, conflicts over tenure, and cooperation on transboundary matters. The Guidelines are voluntary.Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons \\n The Pinheiro Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons were endorsed by the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on 11 August 2005 and are firmly established on the basis of international humanitarian and human rights law. The Principles provide restitution practitioners, as well as States and UN agencies, with specific policy guidance relating to the legal, policy, procedural, institutional and technical implementation mechanisms for housing and property restitution following conflicts, disasters or complex emergencies. While the principles are focused on housing, land and property (HLP) rights, they also refer to commercial properties, including agricultural and pastoral land. They also advocate for the inclusion of HLP issues in peace agreements and for appeals or other humanitarian budgets.Natural Resources Charter \\n The Natural Resource Charter is a set of principles for governments and societies on how to best harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. It outlines tools and policy options designed to avoid the mismanagement of diminishing natural riches and ensure their ongoing benefits. The charter is organized around 12 core precepts offering guidance on key decisions governments face, beginning with whether to extract resources and ending with how generated revenue can produce maximum good for citizens. It is not a recipe or blueprint for the policies and institutions countries must build, but rather a set of principles to guide decision making processes. First launched in 2010 at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the charter was written by an independent group of practitioners and academics under the governance of an oversight board composed of distinguished international figures with first-hand experience of the challenges faced by resource-rich countries.OECD due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas \\n The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. The OECD Guidance is global in scope and applies to all mineral supply chains. Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act \\n The \u201cconflict minerals\u201d provision\u2014commonly known as Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act\u2014 requires U.S. publicly-listed companies to check their supply chains for tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold, if they might originate in Congo or its neighbors, take steps to address any risks they find, and to report on their efforts every year to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Companies are not encouraged to stop sourcing from this region but are required to show they are working with the appropriate care\u2014what is now known as \u201cdue diligence\u201d\u2014to make sure they are not funding armed groups or human rights abuses.Kimberley Process \\n The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) imposes extensive requirements on its members to enable them to certify shipments of rough diamonds as \u2018conflict-free' and prevent conflict diamonds from entering the legitimate trade. Under the terms of the KPCS, participating states must meet \u2018minimum requirements' and must put in place national legislation and institutions; export, import and internal controls; and also commit to transparency and the exchange of statistical data. Participants can only legally trade with other participants who have also met the minimum requirements of the scheme, and international shipments of rough diamonds must be accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they are conflict-free.UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights \\n The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are a set of guidelines for States and companies to prevent, address and remedy human rights abuses committed in business operations. The Principles are organized under three main tenets: Protect, Respect and Remedy. Companies worldwide are expected to comply with these norms, which underpin existing movements to create due diligence legislation for company supply chain operations worldwide. Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) \\n Development practitioners of all persuasions recognize that a well-functioning land sector can boost a country's economic growth, foster social development, shield the rights of vulnerable groups, and help with environmental protection. The World Bank\u2019s LGAF is a diagnostic instrument to assess the state of land governance at the national or sub-national level. Local experts rate the quality of a country's land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1458, "Sentence":"These ratings and an accompanying report serve as the basis for policy dialogue at the national or sub-national level.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Natural Resources rating accompanying report serve basis policy dialogue national subnational level ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The purpose of this module is to provide policy makers, operational planners and officers at field level with background information and guidance on related but distinct sets of activi- ties associated with disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) and security sector reform (SSR).1 The intention is not to set out a blueprint but to build from common principles in order to provide insights that will support the development of synergies as well as preventing harmful contradictions in the design, implementation and sequencing of different elements of DDR and SSR programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1459, "Sentence":"The purpose of this module is to provide policy makers, operational planners and officers at field level with background information and guidance on related but distinct sets of activi- ties associated with disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) and security sector reform (SSR).1 The intention is not to set out a blueprint but to build from common principles in order to provide insights that will support the development of synergies as well as preventing harmful contradictions in the design, implementation and sequencing of different elements of DDR and SSR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR purpose module provide policy maker operational planner officer field level background information guidance related distinct set activi tie associated disarmament demobilization reintegration ddr security sector reform ssr.1 intention set blueprint build common principle order provide insight support development synergy well preventing harmful contradiction design implementation sequencing different element ddr ssr programme ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1460, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR annex contains list term definition abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1460, "Sentence":"A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR com\u00ad plete glossary term definition abbreviation used series integrated ddr standard iddrs given iddrs 1.20 ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1460, "Sentence":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1460, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR use consistent language used international organization standardization iso standard guideline n \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action n \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability n e \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The UN has recognised in several texts and key documents that inter-linkages exist between DDR and SSR.2 This does not imply a linear relationship between different activities that involve highly distinct challenges depending on the context. It is essential to take into account the specific objectives, timelines, stakeholders and interests that affect these issues. However, understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR can help identify synergies in policy and programming and provide ways of ensuring short to medium term activities associated with DDR are linked to broader efforts to support the development of an effec- tive, well-managed and accountable security sector. Ignoring how DDR and SSR affect each other may result in missed opportunities or unintended consequences that undermine broader security and development goals.The Secretary-General\u2019s report Securing Peace and Development: the Role of the United Nations in Security Sector Reform (S\/2008\/39) of 23 January 2008 describes SSR as \u201ca process of assessment, review and implementation as well as monitoring and evalu- ation led by national authorities that has as its goal the enhancement of effective and accountable security for the State and its peoples without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d3 The security sector includes security pro- viders such as defence, law enforcement, intelligence and border management services as well as actors involved in management and oversight, notably government ministries, legislative bodies and relevant civil society actors. Non-state actors also fulfill important security provision, management and oversight functions. SSR therefore draws on a diverse range of stakeholders and may include activities as varied as political dialogue, policy and legal advice, training programmes and technical and financial assistance.While individual activities can involve short term goals, achieving broader SSR objec- tives requires a long term perspective. In contrast, DDR tends to adopt a more narrow focus on ex-combatants and their dependents. Relevant activities and actors are often more clearly defined and limited while timelines generally focus on the short to medium-term period following the end of armed conflict. But the distinctions between DDR and SSR are potentially less important than the convergences. Both sets of activities are preoccupied with enhancing the security of the state and its citizens. They advocate policies and programmes that engage public and private security actors including the military and ex-combatants as well as groups responsible for their management and oversight. Decisions associated with DDR contribute to defining central elements of the size and composition of a country\u2019s security sector while the gains from carefully executed SSR programmes can also generate positive consequences on DDR interventions. SSR may lead to downsizing and the conse- quent need for reintegration. DDR may also free resources for SSR. Most significantly, considering these issues together situates DDR within a developing security governance framework. If conducted sensitively, this can contribute to the legitimacy and sustainability of DDR programmes by helping to ensure that decisions are based on a nationally-driven assessment of applicable capacities, objectives and values.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1461, "Sentence":"The UN has recognised in several texts and key documents that inter-linkages exist between DDR and SSR.2 This does not imply a linear relationship between different activities that involve highly distinct challenges depending on the context.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR un recognised several text key document interlinkages exist ddr ssr.2 imply linear relationship different activity involve highly distinct challenge depending context ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The UN has recognised in several texts and key documents that inter-linkages exist between DDR and SSR.2 This does not imply a linear relationship between different activities that involve highly distinct challenges depending on the context. It is essential to take into account the specific objectives, timelines, stakeholders and interests that affect these issues. However, understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR can help identify synergies in policy and programming and provide ways of ensuring short to medium term activities associated with DDR are linked to broader efforts to support the development of an effec- tive, well-managed and accountable security sector. Ignoring how DDR and SSR affect each other may result in missed opportunities or unintended consequences that undermine broader security and development goals.The Secretary-General\u2019s report Securing Peace and Development: the Role of the United Nations in Security Sector Reform (S\/2008\/39) of 23 January 2008 describes SSR as \u201ca process of assessment, review and implementation as well as monitoring and evalu- ation led by national authorities that has as its goal the enhancement of effective and accountable security for the State and its peoples without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d3 The security sector includes security pro- viders such as defence, law enforcement, intelligence and border management services as well as actors involved in management and oversight, notably government ministries, legislative bodies and relevant civil society actors. Non-state actors also fulfill important security provision, management and oversight functions. SSR therefore draws on a diverse range of stakeholders and may include activities as varied as political dialogue, policy and legal advice, training programmes and technical and financial assistance.While individual activities can involve short term goals, achieving broader SSR objec- tives requires a long term perspective. In contrast, DDR tends to adopt a more narrow focus on ex-combatants and their dependents. Relevant activities and actors are often more clearly defined and limited while timelines generally focus on the short to medium-term period following the end of armed conflict. But the distinctions between DDR and SSR are potentially less important than the convergences. Both sets of activities are preoccupied with enhancing the security of the state and its citizens. They advocate policies and programmes that engage public and private security actors including the military and ex-combatants as well as groups responsible for their management and oversight. Decisions associated with DDR contribute to defining central elements of the size and composition of a country\u2019s security sector while the gains from carefully executed SSR programmes can also generate positive consequences on DDR interventions. SSR may lead to downsizing and the conse- quent need for reintegration. DDR may also free resources for SSR. Most significantly, considering these issues together situates DDR within a developing security governance framework. If conducted sensitively, this can contribute to the legitimacy and sustainability of DDR programmes by helping to ensure that decisions are based on a nationally-driven assessment of applicable capacities, objectives and values.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1461, "Sentence":"It is essential to take into account the specific objectives, timelines, stakeholders and interests that affect these issues.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR essential take account specific objective timeline stakeholder interest affect issue ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The UN has recognised in several texts and key documents that inter-linkages exist between DDR and SSR.2 This does not imply a linear relationship between different activities that involve highly distinct challenges depending on the context. It is essential to take into account the specific objectives, timelines, stakeholders and interests that affect these issues. However, understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR can help identify synergies in policy and programming and provide ways of ensuring short to medium term activities associated with DDR are linked to broader efforts to support the development of an effec- tive, well-managed and accountable security sector. Ignoring how DDR and SSR affect each other may result in missed opportunities or unintended consequences that undermine broader security and development goals.The Secretary-General\u2019s report Securing Peace and Development: the Role of the United Nations in Security Sector Reform (S\/2008\/39) of 23 January 2008 describes SSR as \u201ca process of assessment, review and implementation as well as monitoring and evalu- ation led by national authorities that has as its goal the enhancement of effective and accountable security for the State and its peoples without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d3 The security sector includes security pro- viders such as defence, law enforcement, intelligence and border management services as well as actors involved in management and oversight, notably government ministries, legislative bodies and relevant civil society actors. Non-state actors also fulfill important security provision, management and oversight functions. SSR therefore draws on a diverse range of stakeholders and may include activities as varied as political dialogue, policy and legal advice, training programmes and technical and financial assistance.While individual activities can involve short term goals, achieving broader SSR objec- tives requires a long term perspective. In contrast, DDR tends to adopt a more narrow focus on ex-combatants and their dependents. Relevant activities and actors are often more clearly defined and limited while timelines generally focus on the short to medium-term period following the end of armed conflict. But the distinctions between DDR and SSR are potentially less important than the convergences. Both sets of activities are preoccupied with enhancing the security of the state and its citizens. They advocate policies and programmes that engage public and private security actors including the military and ex-combatants as well as groups responsible for their management and oversight. Decisions associated with DDR contribute to defining central elements of the size and composition of a country\u2019s security sector while the gains from carefully executed SSR programmes can also generate positive consequences on DDR interventions. SSR may lead to downsizing and the conse- quent need for reintegration. DDR may also free resources for SSR. Most significantly, considering these issues together situates DDR within a developing security governance framework. If conducted sensitively, this can contribute to the legitimacy and sustainability of DDR programmes by helping to ensure that decisions are based on a nationally-driven assessment of applicable capacities, objectives and values.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1461, "Sentence":"However, understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR can help identify synergies in policy and programming and provide ways of ensuring short to medium term activities associated with DDR are linked to broader efforts to support the development of an effec- tive, well-managed and accountable security sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR however understanding relationship ddr ssr help identify synergy policy programming provide way ensuring short medium term activity associated ddr linked broader effort support development effec tive wellmanaged accountable security sector ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The UN has recognised in several texts and key documents that inter-linkages exist between DDR and SSR.2 This does not imply a linear relationship between different activities that involve highly distinct challenges depending on the context. It is essential to take into account the specific objectives, timelines, stakeholders and interests that affect these issues. However, understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR can help identify synergies in policy and programming and provide ways of ensuring short to medium term activities associated with DDR are linked to broader efforts to support the development of an effec- tive, well-managed and accountable security sector. Ignoring how DDR and SSR affect each other may result in missed opportunities or unintended consequences that undermine broader security and development goals.The Secretary-General\u2019s report Securing Peace and Development: the Role of the United Nations in Security Sector Reform (S\/2008\/39) of 23 January 2008 describes SSR as \u201ca process of assessment, review and implementation as well as monitoring and evalu- ation led by national authorities that has as its goal the enhancement of effective and accountable security for the State and its peoples without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d3 The security sector includes security pro- viders such as defence, law enforcement, intelligence and border management services as well as actors involved in management and oversight, notably government ministries, legislative bodies and relevant civil society actors. Non-state actors also fulfill important security provision, management and oversight functions. SSR therefore draws on a diverse range of stakeholders and may include activities as varied as political dialogue, policy and legal advice, training programmes and technical and financial assistance.While individual activities can involve short term goals, achieving broader SSR objec- tives requires a long term perspective. In contrast, DDR tends to adopt a more narrow focus on ex-combatants and their dependents. Relevant activities and actors are often more clearly defined and limited while timelines generally focus on the short to medium-term period following the end of armed conflict. But the distinctions between DDR and SSR are potentially less important than the convergences. Both sets of activities are preoccupied with enhancing the security of the state and its citizens. They advocate policies and programmes that engage public and private security actors including the military and ex-combatants as well as groups responsible for their management and oversight. Decisions associated with DDR contribute to defining central elements of the size and composition of a country\u2019s security sector while the gains from carefully executed SSR programmes can also generate positive consequences on DDR interventions. SSR may lead to downsizing and the conse- quent need for reintegration. DDR may also free resources for SSR. Most significantly, considering these issues together situates DDR within a developing security governance framework. If conducted sensitively, this can contribute to the legitimacy and sustainability of DDR programmes by helping to ensure that decisions are based on a nationally-driven assessment of applicable capacities, objectives and values.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1461, "Sentence":"Ignoring how DDR and SSR affect each other may result in missed opportunities or unintended consequences that undermine broader security and development goals.The Secretary-General\u2019s report Securing Peace and Development: the Role of the United Nations in Security Sector Reform (S\/2008\/39) of 23 January 2008 describes SSR as \u201ca process of assessment, review and implementation as well as monitoring and evalu- ation led by national authorities that has as its goal the enhancement of effective and accountable security for the State and its peoples without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d3 The security sector includes security pro- viders such as defence, law enforcement, intelligence and border management services as well as actors involved in management and oversight, notably government ministries, legislative bodies and relevant civil society actors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ignoring ddr ssr affect may result missed opportunity unintended consequence undermine broader security development goals.the secretarygeneral \u2019 report securing peace development role united nation security sector reform s\/2008\/39 23 january 2008 describes ssr \u201c process assessment review implementation well monitoring evalu ation led national authority goal enhancement effective accountable security state people without discrimination full respect human right rule law. \u201d 3 security sector includes security pro viders defence law enforcement intelligence border management service well actor involved management oversight notably government ministry legislative body relevant civil society actor ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The UN has recognised in several texts and key documents that inter-linkages exist between DDR and SSR.2 This does not imply a linear relationship between different activities that involve highly distinct challenges depending on the context. It is essential to take into account the specific objectives, timelines, stakeholders and interests that affect these issues. However, understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR can help identify synergies in policy and programming and provide ways of ensuring short to medium term activities associated with DDR are linked to broader efforts to support the development of an effec- tive, well-managed and accountable security sector. Ignoring how DDR and SSR affect each other may result in missed opportunities or unintended consequences that undermine broader security and development goals.The Secretary-General\u2019s report Securing Peace and Development: the Role of the United Nations in Security Sector Reform (S\/2008\/39) of 23 January 2008 describes SSR as \u201ca process of assessment, review and implementation as well as monitoring and evalu- ation led by national authorities that has as its goal the enhancement of effective and accountable security for the State and its peoples without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d3 The security sector includes security pro- viders such as defence, law enforcement, intelligence and border management services as well as actors involved in management and oversight, notably government ministries, legislative bodies and relevant civil society actors. Non-state actors also fulfill important security provision, management and oversight functions. SSR therefore draws on a diverse range of stakeholders and may include activities as varied as political dialogue, policy and legal advice, training programmes and technical and financial assistance.While individual activities can involve short term goals, achieving broader SSR objec- tives requires a long term perspective. In contrast, DDR tends to adopt a more narrow focus on ex-combatants and their dependents. Relevant activities and actors are often more clearly defined and limited while timelines generally focus on the short to medium-term period following the end of armed conflict. But the distinctions between DDR and SSR are potentially less important than the convergences. Both sets of activities are preoccupied with enhancing the security of the state and its citizens. They advocate policies and programmes that engage public and private security actors including the military and ex-combatants as well as groups responsible for their management and oversight. Decisions associated with DDR contribute to defining central elements of the size and composition of a country\u2019s security sector while the gains from carefully executed SSR programmes can also generate positive consequences on DDR interventions. SSR may lead to downsizing and the conse- quent need for reintegration. DDR may also free resources for SSR. Most significantly, considering these issues together situates DDR within a developing security governance framework. If conducted sensitively, this can contribute to the legitimacy and sustainability of DDR programmes by helping to ensure that decisions are based on a nationally-driven assessment of applicable capacities, objectives and values.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1461, "Sentence":"Non-state actors also fulfill important security provision, management and oversight functions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR nonstate actor also fulfill important security provision management oversight function ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The UN has recognised in several texts and key documents that inter-linkages exist between DDR and SSR.2 This does not imply a linear relationship between different activities that involve highly distinct challenges depending on the context. It is essential to take into account the specific objectives, timelines, stakeholders and interests that affect these issues. However, understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR can help identify synergies in policy and programming and provide ways of ensuring short to medium term activities associated with DDR are linked to broader efforts to support the development of an effec- tive, well-managed and accountable security sector. Ignoring how DDR and SSR affect each other may result in missed opportunities or unintended consequences that undermine broader security and development goals.The Secretary-General\u2019s report Securing Peace and Development: the Role of the United Nations in Security Sector Reform (S\/2008\/39) of 23 January 2008 describes SSR as \u201ca process of assessment, review and implementation as well as monitoring and evalu- ation led by national authorities that has as its goal the enhancement of effective and accountable security for the State and its peoples without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d3 The security sector includes security pro- viders such as defence, law enforcement, intelligence and border management services as well as actors involved in management and oversight, notably government ministries, legislative bodies and relevant civil society actors. Non-state actors also fulfill important security provision, management and oversight functions. SSR therefore draws on a diverse range of stakeholders and may include activities as varied as political dialogue, policy and legal advice, training programmes and technical and financial assistance.While individual activities can involve short term goals, achieving broader SSR objec- tives requires a long term perspective. In contrast, DDR tends to adopt a more narrow focus on ex-combatants and their dependents. Relevant activities and actors are often more clearly defined and limited while timelines generally focus on the short to medium-term period following the end of armed conflict. But the distinctions between DDR and SSR are potentially less important than the convergences. Both sets of activities are preoccupied with enhancing the security of the state and its citizens. They advocate policies and programmes that engage public and private security actors including the military and ex-combatants as well as groups responsible for their management and oversight. Decisions associated with DDR contribute to defining central elements of the size and composition of a country\u2019s security sector while the gains from carefully executed SSR programmes can also generate positive consequences on DDR interventions. SSR may lead to downsizing and the conse- quent need for reintegration. DDR may also free resources for SSR. Most significantly, considering these issues together situates DDR within a developing security governance framework. If conducted sensitively, this can contribute to the legitimacy and sustainability of DDR programmes by helping to ensure that decisions are based on a nationally-driven assessment of applicable capacities, objectives and values.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1461, "Sentence":"SSR therefore draws on a diverse range of stakeholders and may include activities as varied as political dialogue, policy and legal advice, training programmes and technical and financial assistance.While individual activities can involve short term goals, achieving broader SSR objec- tives requires a long term perspective.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ssr therefore draw diverse range stakeholder may include activity varied political dialogue policy legal advice training programme technical financial assistance.while individual activity involve short term goal achieving broader ssr objec tives requires long term perspective ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The UN has recognised in several texts and key documents that inter-linkages exist between DDR and SSR.2 This does not imply a linear relationship between different activities that involve highly distinct challenges depending on the context. It is essential to take into account the specific objectives, timelines, stakeholders and interests that affect these issues. However, understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR can help identify synergies in policy and programming and provide ways of ensuring short to medium term activities associated with DDR are linked to broader efforts to support the development of an effec- tive, well-managed and accountable security sector. Ignoring how DDR and SSR affect each other may result in missed opportunities or unintended consequences that undermine broader security and development goals.The Secretary-General\u2019s report Securing Peace and Development: the Role of the United Nations in Security Sector Reform (S\/2008\/39) of 23 January 2008 describes SSR as \u201ca process of assessment, review and implementation as well as monitoring and evalu- ation led by national authorities that has as its goal the enhancement of effective and accountable security for the State and its peoples without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d3 The security sector includes security pro- viders such as defence, law enforcement, intelligence and border management services as well as actors involved in management and oversight, notably government ministries, legislative bodies and relevant civil society actors. Non-state actors also fulfill important security provision, management and oversight functions. SSR therefore draws on a diverse range of stakeholders and may include activities as varied as political dialogue, policy and legal advice, training programmes and technical and financial assistance.While individual activities can involve short term goals, achieving broader SSR objec- tives requires a long term perspective. In contrast, DDR tends to adopt a more narrow focus on ex-combatants and their dependents. Relevant activities and actors are often more clearly defined and limited while timelines generally focus on the short to medium-term period following the end of armed conflict. But the distinctions between DDR and SSR are potentially less important than the convergences. Both sets of activities are preoccupied with enhancing the security of the state and its citizens. They advocate policies and programmes that engage public and private security actors including the military and ex-combatants as well as groups responsible for their management and oversight. Decisions associated with DDR contribute to defining central elements of the size and composition of a country\u2019s security sector while the gains from carefully executed SSR programmes can also generate positive consequences on DDR interventions. SSR may lead to downsizing and the conse- quent need for reintegration. DDR may also free resources for SSR. Most significantly, considering these issues together situates DDR within a developing security governance framework. If conducted sensitively, this can contribute to the legitimacy and sustainability of DDR programmes by helping to ensure that decisions are based on a nationally-driven assessment of applicable capacities, objectives and values.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1461, "Sentence":"In contrast, DDR tends to adopt a more narrow focus on ex-combatants and their dependents.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR contrast ddr tends adopt narrow focus excombatants dependent ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The UN has recognised in several texts and key documents that inter-linkages exist between DDR and SSR.2 This does not imply a linear relationship between different activities that involve highly distinct challenges depending on the context. It is essential to take into account the specific objectives, timelines, stakeholders and interests that affect these issues. However, understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR can help identify synergies in policy and programming and provide ways of ensuring short to medium term activities associated with DDR are linked to broader efforts to support the development of an effec- tive, well-managed and accountable security sector. Ignoring how DDR and SSR affect each other may result in missed opportunities or unintended consequences that undermine broader security and development goals.The Secretary-General\u2019s report Securing Peace and Development: the Role of the United Nations in Security Sector Reform (S\/2008\/39) of 23 January 2008 describes SSR as \u201ca process of assessment, review and implementation as well as monitoring and evalu- ation led by national authorities that has as its goal the enhancement of effective and accountable security for the State and its peoples without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d3 The security sector includes security pro- viders such as defence, law enforcement, intelligence and border management services as well as actors involved in management and oversight, notably government ministries, legislative bodies and relevant civil society actors. Non-state actors also fulfill important security provision, management and oversight functions. SSR therefore draws on a diverse range of stakeholders and may include activities as varied as political dialogue, policy and legal advice, training programmes and technical and financial assistance.While individual activities can involve short term goals, achieving broader SSR objec- tives requires a long term perspective. In contrast, DDR tends to adopt a more narrow focus on ex-combatants and their dependents. Relevant activities and actors are often more clearly defined and limited while timelines generally focus on the short to medium-term period following the end of armed conflict. But the distinctions between DDR and SSR are potentially less important than the convergences. Both sets of activities are preoccupied with enhancing the security of the state and its citizens. They advocate policies and programmes that engage public and private security actors including the military and ex-combatants as well as groups responsible for their management and oversight. Decisions associated with DDR contribute to defining central elements of the size and composition of a country\u2019s security sector while the gains from carefully executed SSR programmes can also generate positive consequences on DDR interventions. SSR may lead to downsizing and the conse- quent need for reintegration. DDR may also free resources for SSR. Most significantly, considering these issues together situates DDR within a developing security governance framework. If conducted sensitively, this can contribute to the legitimacy and sustainability of DDR programmes by helping to ensure that decisions are based on a nationally-driven assessment of applicable capacities, objectives and values.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1461, "Sentence":"Relevant activities and actors are often more clearly defined and limited while timelines generally focus on the short to medium-term period following the end of armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR relevant activity actor often clearly defined limited timeline generally focus short mediumterm period following end armed conflict ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The UN has recognised in several texts and key documents that inter-linkages exist between DDR and SSR.2 This does not imply a linear relationship between different activities that involve highly distinct challenges depending on the context. It is essential to take into account the specific objectives, timelines, stakeholders and interests that affect these issues. However, understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR can help identify synergies in policy and programming and provide ways of ensuring short to medium term activities associated with DDR are linked to broader efforts to support the development of an effec- tive, well-managed and accountable security sector. Ignoring how DDR and SSR affect each other may result in missed opportunities or unintended consequences that undermine broader security and development goals.The Secretary-General\u2019s report Securing Peace and Development: the Role of the United Nations in Security Sector Reform (S\/2008\/39) of 23 January 2008 describes SSR as \u201ca process of assessment, review and implementation as well as monitoring and evalu- ation led by national authorities that has as its goal the enhancement of effective and accountable security for the State and its peoples without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d3 The security sector includes security pro- viders such as defence, law enforcement, intelligence and border management services as well as actors involved in management and oversight, notably government ministries, legislative bodies and relevant civil society actors. Non-state actors also fulfill important security provision, management and oversight functions. SSR therefore draws on a diverse range of stakeholders and may include activities as varied as political dialogue, policy and legal advice, training programmes and technical and financial assistance.While individual activities can involve short term goals, achieving broader SSR objec- tives requires a long term perspective. In contrast, DDR tends to adopt a more narrow focus on ex-combatants and their dependents. Relevant activities and actors are often more clearly defined and limited while timelines generally focus on the short to medium-term period following the end of armed conflict. But the distinctions between DDR and SSR are potentially less important than the convergences. Both sets of activities are preoccupied with enhancing the security of the state and its citizens. They advocate policies and programmes that engage public and private security actors including the military and ex-combatants as well as groups responsible for their management and oversight. Decisions associated with DDR contribute to defining central elements of the size and composition of a country\u2019s security sector while the gains from carefully executed SSR programmes can also generate positive consequences on DDR interventions. SSR may lead to downsizing and the conse- quent need for reintegration. DDR may also free resources for SSR. Most significantly, considering these issues together situates DDR within a developing security governance framework. If conducted sensitively, this can contribute to the legitimacy and sustainability of DDR programmes by helping to ensure that decisions are based on a nationally-driven assessment of applicable capacities, objectives and values.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1461, "Sentence":"But the distinctions between DDR and SSR are potentially less important than the convergences.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR distinction ddr ssr potentially le important convergence ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The UN has recognised in several texts and key documents that inter-linkages exist between DDR and SSR.2 This does not imply a linear relationship between different activities that involve highly distinct challenges depending on the context. It is essential to take into account the specific objectives, timelines, stakeholders and interests that affect these issues. However, understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR can help identify synergies in policy and programming and provide ways of ensuring short to medium term activities associated with DDR are linked to broader efforts to support the development of an effec- tive, well-managed and accountable security sector. Ignoring how DDR and SSR affect each other may result in missed opportunities or unintended consequences that undermine broader security and development goals.The Secretary-General\u2019s report Securing Peace and Development: the Role of the United Nations in Security Sector Reform (S\/2008\/39) of 23 January 2008 describes SSR as \u201ca process of assessment, review and implementation as well as monitoring and evalu- ation led by national authorities that has as its goal the enhancement of effective and accountable security for the State and its peoples without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d3 The security sector includes security pro- viders such as defence, law enforcement, intelligence and border management services as well as actors involved in management and oversight, notably government ministries, legislative bodies and relevant civil society actors. Non-state actors also fulfill important security provision, management and oversight functions. SSR therefore draws on a diverse range of stakeholders and may include activities as varied as political dialogue, policy and legal advice, training programmes and technical and financial assistance.While individual activities can involve short term goals, achieving broader SSR objec- tives requires a long term perspective. In contrast, DDR tends to adopt a more narrow focus on ex-combatants and their dependents. Relevant activities and actors are often more clearly defined and limited while timelines generally focus on the short to medium-term period following the end of armed conflict. But the distinctions between DDR and SSR are potentially less important than the convergences. Both sets of activities are preoccupied with enhancing the security of the state and its citizens. They advocate policies and programmes that engage public and private security actors including the military and ex-combatants as well as groups responsible for their management and oversight. Decisions associated with DDR contribute to defining central elements of the size and composition of a country\u2019s security sector while the gains from carefully executed SSR programmes can also generate positive consequences on DDR interventions. SSR may lead to downsizing and the conse- quent need for reintegration. DDR may also free resources for SSR. Most significantly, considering these issues together situates DDR within a developing security governance framework. If conducted sensitively, this can contribute to the legitimacy and sustainability of DDR programmes by helping to ensure that decisions are based on a nationally-driven assessment of applicable capacities, objectives and values.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1461, "Sentence":"Both sets of activities are preoccupied with enhancing the security of the state and its citizens.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR set activity preoccupied enhancing security state citizen ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The UN has recognised in several texts and key documents that inter-linkages exist between DDR and SSR.2 This does not imply a linear relationship between different activities that involve highly distinct challenges depending on the context. It is essential to take into account the specific objectives, timelines, stakeholders and interests that affect these issues. However, understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR can help identify synergies in policy and programming and provide ways of ensuring short to medium term activities associated with DDR are linked to broader efforts to support the development of an effec- tive, well-managed and accountable security sector. Ignoring how DDR and SSR affect each other may result in missed opportunities or unintended consequences that undermine broader security and development goals.The Secretary-General\u2019s report Securing Peace and Development: the Role of the United Nations in Security Sector Reform (S\/2008\/39) of 23 January 2008 describes SSR as \u201ca process of assessment, review and implementation as well as monitoring and evalu- ation led by national authorities that has as its goal the enhancement of effective and accountable security for the State and its peoples without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d3 The security sector includes security pro- viders such as defence, law enforcement, intelligence and border management services as well as actors involved in management and oversight, notably government ministries, legislative bodies and relevant civil society actors. Non-state actors also fulfill important security provision, management and oversight functions. SSR therefore draws on a diverse range of stakeholders and may include activities as varied as political dialogue, policy and legal advice, training programmes and technical and financial assistance.While individual activities can involve short term goals, achieving broader SSR objec- tives requires a long term perspective. In contrast, DDR tends to adopt a more narrow focus on ex-combatants and their dependents. Relevant activities and actors are often more clearly defined and limited while timelines generally focus on the short to medium-term period following the end of armed conflict. But the distinctions between DDR and SSR are potentially less important than the convergences. Both sets of activities are preoccupied with enhancing the security of the state and its citizens. They advocate policies and programmes that engage public and private security actors including the military and ex-combatants as well as groups responsible for their management and oversight. Decisions associated with DDR contribute to defining central elements of the size and composition of a country\u2019s security sector while the gains from carefully executed SSR programmes can also generate positive consequences on DDR interventions. SSR may lead to downsizing and the conse- quent need for reintegration. DDR may also free resources for SSR. Most significantly, considering these issues together situates DDR within a developing security governance framework. If conducted sensitively, this can contribute to the legitimacy and sustainability of DDR programmes by helping to ensure that decisions are based on a nationally-driven assessment of applicable capacities, objectives and values.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1461, "Sentence":"They advocate policies and programmes that engage public and private security actors including the military and ex-combatants as well as groups responsible for their management and oversight.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR advocate policy programme engage public private security actor including military excombatants well group responsible management oversight ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The UN has recognised in several texts and key documents that inter-linkages exist between DDR and SSR.2 This does not imply a linear relationship between different activities that involve highly distinct challenges depending on the context. It is essential to take into account the specific objectives, timelines, stakeholders and interests that affect these issues. However, understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR can help identify synergies in policy and programming and provide ways of ensuring short to medium term activities associated with DDR are linked to broader efforts to support the development of an effec- tive, well-managed and accountable security sector. Ignoring how DDR and SSR affect each other may result in missed opportunities or unintended consequences that undermine broader security and development goals.The Secretary-General\u2019s report Securing Peace and Development: the Role of the United Nations in Security Sector Reform (S\/2008\/39) of 23 January 2008 describes SSR as \u201ca process of assessment, review and implementation as well as monitoring and evalu- ation led by national authorities that has as its goal the enhancement of effective and accountable security for the State and its peoples without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d3 The security sector includes security pro- viders such as defence, law enforcement, intelligence and border management services as well as actors involved in management and oversight, notably government ministries, legislative bodies and relevant civil society actors. Non-state actors also fulfill important security provision, management and oversight functions. SSR therefore draws on a diverse range of stakeholders and may include activities as varied as political dialogue, policy and legal advice, training programmes and technical and financial assistance.While individual activities can involve short term goals, achieving broader SSR objec- tives requires a long term perspective. In contrast, DDR tends to adopt a more narrow focus on ex-combatants and their dependents. Relevant activities and actors are often more clearly defined and limited while timelines generally focus on the short to medium-term period following the end of armed conflict. But the distinctions between DDR and SSR are potentially less important than the convergences. Both sets of activities are preoccupied with enhancing the security of the state and its citizens. They advocate policies and programmes that engage public and private security actors including the military and ex-combatants as well as groups responsible for their management and oversight. Decisions associated with DDR contribute to defining central elements of the size and composition of a country\u2019s security sector while the gains from carefully executed SSR programmes can also generate positive consequences on DDR interventions. SSR may lead to downsizing and the conse- quent need for reintegration. DDR may also free resources for SSR. Most significantly, considering these issues together situates DDR within a developing security governance framework. If conducted sensitively, this can contribute to the legitimacy and sustainability of DDR programmes by helping to ensure that decisions are based on a nationally-driven assessment of applicable capacities, objectives and values.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1461, "Sentence":"Decisions associated with DDR contribute to defining central elements of the size and composition of a country\u2019s security sector while the gains from carefully executed SSR programmes can also generate positive consequences on DDR interventions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR decision associated ddr contribute defining central element size composition country \u2019 security sector gain carefully executed ssr programme also generate positive consequence ddr intervention ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The UN has recognised in several texts and key documents that inter-linkages exist between DDR and SSR.2 This does not imply a linear relationship between different activities that involve highly distinct challenges depending on the context. It is essential to take into account the specific objectives, timelines, stakeholders and interests that affect these issues. However, understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR can help identify synergies in policy and programming and provide ways of ensuring short to medium term activities associated with DDR are linked to broader efforts to support the development of an effec- tive, well-managed and accountable security sector. Ignoring how DDR and SSR affect each other may result in missed opportunities or unintended consequences that undermine broader security and development goals.The Secretary-General\u2019s report Securing Peace and Development: the Role of the United Nations in Security Sector Reform (S\/2008\/39) of 23 January 2008 describes SSR as \u201ca process of assessment, review and implementation as well as monitoring and evalu- ation led by national authorities that has as its goal the enhancement of effective and accountable security for the State and its peoples without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d3 The security sector includes security pro- viders such as defence, law enforcement, intelligence and border management services as well as actors involved in management and oversight, notably government ministries, legislative bodies and relevant civil society actors. Non-state actors also fulfill important security provision, management and oversight functions. SSR therefore draws on a diverse range of stakeholders and may include activities as varied as political dialogue, policy and legal advice, training programmes and technical and financial assistance.While individual activities can involve short term goals, achieving broader SSR objec- tives requires a long term perspective. In contrast, DDR tends to adopt a more narrow focus on ex-combatants and their dependents. Relevant activities and actors are often more clearly defined and limited while timelines generally focus on the short to medium-term period following the end of armed conflict. But the distinctions between DDR and SSR are potentially less important than the convergences. Both sets of activities are preoccupied with enhancing the security of the state and its citizens. They advocate policies and programmes that engage public and private security actors including the military and ex-combatants as well as groups responsible for their management and oversight. Decisions associated with DDR contribute to defining central elements of the size and composition of a country\u2019s security sector while the gains from carefully executed SSR programmes can also generate positive consequences on DDR interventions. SSR may lead to downsizing and the conse- quent need for reintegration. DDR may also free resources for SSR. Most significantly, considering these issues together situates DDR within a developing security governance framework. If conducted sensitively, this can contribute to the legitimacy and sustainability of DDR programmes by helping to ensure that decisions are based on a nationally-driven assessment of applicable capacities, objectives and values.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1461, "Sentence":"SSR may lead to downsizing and the conse- quent need for reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ssr may lead downsizing conse quent need reintegration ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The UN has recognised in several texts and key documents that inter-linkages exist between DDR and SSR.2 This does not imply a linear relationship between different activities that involve highly distinct challenges depending on the context. It is essential to take into account the specific objectives, timelines, stakeholders and interests that affect these issues. However, understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR can help identify synergies in policy and programming and provide ways of ensuring short to medium term activities associated with DDR are linked to broader efforts to support the development of an effec- tive, well-managed and accountable security sector. Ignoring how DDR and SSR affect each other may result in missed opportunities or unintended consequences that undermine broader security and development goals.The Secretary-General\u2019s report Securing Peace and Development: the Role of the United Nations in Security Sector Reform (S\/2008\/39) of 23 January 2008 describes SSR as \u201ca process of assessment, review and implementation as well as monitoring and evalu- ation led by national authorities that has as its goal the enhancement of effective and accountable security for the State and its peoples without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d3 The security sector includes security pro- viders such as defence, law enforcement, intelligence and border management services as well as actors involved in management and oversight, notably government ministries, legislative bodies and relevant civil society actors. Non-state actors also fulfill important security provision, management and oversight functions. SSR therefore draws on a diverse range of stakeholders and may include activities as varied as political dialogue, policy and legal advice, training programmes and technical and financial assistance.While individual activities can involve short term goals, achieving broader SSR objec- tives requires a long term perspective. In contrast, DDR tends to adopt a more narrow focus on ex-combatants and their dependents. Relevant activities and actors are often more clearly defined and limited while timelines generally focus on the short to medium-term period following the end of armed conflict. But the distinctions between DDR and SSR are potentially less important than the convergences. Both sets of activities are preoccupied with enhancing the security of the state and its citizens. They advocate policies and programmes that engage public and private security actors including the military and ex-combatants as well as groups responsible for their management and oversight. Decisions associated with DDR contribute to defining central elements of the size and composition of a country\u2019s security sector while the gains from carefully executed SSR programmes can also generate positive consequences on DDR interventions. SSR may lead to downsizing and the conse- quent need for reintegration. DDR may also free resources for SSR. Most significantly, considering these issues together situates DDR within a developing security governance framework. If conducted sensitively, this can contribute to the legitimacy and sustainability of DDR programmes by helping to ensure that decisions are based on a nationally-driven assessment of applicable capacities, objectives and values.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1461, "Sentence":"DDR may also free resources for SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ddr may also free resource ssr ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The UN has recognised in several texts and key documents that inter-linkages exist between DDR and SSR.2 This does not imply a linear relationship between different activities that involve highly distinct challenges depending on the context. It is essential to take into account the specific objectives, timelines, stakeholders and interests that affect these issues. However, understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR can help identify synergies in policy and programming and provide ways of ensuring short to medium term activities associated with DDR are linked to broader efforts to support the development of an effec- tive, well-managed and accountable security sector. Ignoring how DDR and SSR affect each other may result in missed opportunities or unintended consequences that undermine broader security and development goals.The Secretary-General\u2019s report Securing Peace and Development: the Role of the United Nations in Security Sector Reform (S\/2008\/39) of 23 January 2008 describes SSR as \u201ca process of assessment, review and implementation as well as monitoring and evalu- ation led by national authorities that has as its goal the enhancement of effective and accountable security for the State and its peoples without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d3 The security sector includes security pro- viders such as defence, law enforcement, intelligence and border management services as well as actors involved in management and oversight, notably government ministries, legislative bodies and relevant civil society actors. Non-state actors also fulfill important security provision, management and oversight functions. SSR therefore draws on a diverse range of stakeholders and may include activities as varied as political dialogue, policy and legal advice, training programmes and technical and financial assistance.While individual activities can involve short term goals, achieving broader SSR objec- tives requires a long term perspective. In contrast, DDR tends to adopt a more narrow focus on ex-combatants and their dependents. Relevant activities and actors are often more clearly defined and limited while timelines generally focus on the short to medium-term period following the end of armed conflict. But the distinctions between DDR and SSR are potentially less important than the convergences. Both sets of activities are preoccupied with enhancing the security of the state and its citizens. They advocate policies and programmes that engage public and private security actors including the military and ex-combatants as well as groups responsible for their management and oversight. Decisions associated with DDR contribute to defining central elements of the size and composition of a country\u2019s security sector while the gains from carefully executed SSR programmes can also generate positive consequences on DDR interventions. SSR may lead to downsizing and the conse- quent need for reintegration. DDR may also free resources for SSR. Most significantly, considering these issues together situates DDR within a developing security governance framework. If conducted sensitively, this can contribute to the legitimacy and sustainability of DDR programmes by helping to ensure that decisions are based on a nationally-driven assessment of applicable capacities, objectives and values.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1461, "Sentence":"Most significantly, considering these issues together situates DDR within a developing security governance framework.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR significantly considering issue together situates ddr within developing security governance framework ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"The UN has recognised in several texts and key documents that inter-linkages exist between DDR and SSR.2 This does not imply a linear relationship between different activities that involve highly distinct challenges depending on the context. It is essential to take into account the specific objectives, timelines, stakeholders and interests that affect these issues. However, understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR can help identify synergies in policy and programming and provide ways of ensuring short to medium term activities associated with DDR are linked to broader efforts to support the development of an effec- tive, well-managed and accountable security sector. Ignoring how DDR and SSR affect each other may result in missed opportunities or unintended consequences that undermine broader security and development goals.The Secretary-General\u2019s report Securing Peace and Development: the Role of the United Nations in Security Sector Reform (S\/2008\/39) of 23 January 2008 describes SSR as \u201ca process of assessment, review and implementation as well as monitoring and evalu- ation led by national authorities that has as its goal the enhancement of effective and accountable security for the State and its peoples without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d3 The security sector includes security pro- viders such as defence, law enforcement, intelligence and border management services as well as actors involved in management and oversight, notably government ministries, legislative bodies and relevant civil society actors. Non-state actors also fulfill important security provision, management and oversight functions. SSR therefore draws on a diverse range of stakeholders and may include activities as varied as political dialogue, policy and legal advice, training programmes and technical and financial assistance.While individual activities can involve short term goals, achieving broader SSR objec- tives requires a long term perspective. In contrast, DDR tends to adopt a more narrow focus on ex-combatants and their dependents. Relevant activities and actors are often more clearly defined and limited while timelines generally focus on the short to medium-term period following the end of armed conflict. But the distinctions between DDR and SSR are potentially less important than the convergences. Both sets of activities are preoccupied with enhancing the security of the state and its citizens. They advocate policies and programmes that engage public and private security actors including the military and ex-combatants as well as groups responsible for their management and oversight. Decisions associated with DDR contribute to defining central elements of the size and composition of a country\u2019s security sector while the gains from carefully executed SSR programmes can also generate positive consequences on DDR interventions. SSR may lead to downsizing and the conse- quent need for reintegration. DDR may also free resources for SSR. Most significantly, considering these issues together situates DDR within a developing security governance framework. If conducted sensitively, this can contribute to the legitimacy and sustainability of DDR programmes by helping to ensure that decisions are based on a nationally-driven assessment of applicable capacities, objectives and values.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1461, "Sentence":"If conducted sensitively, this can contribute to the legitimacy and sustainability of DDR programmes by helping to ensure that decisions are based on a nationally-driven assessment of applicable capacities, objectives and values.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR conducted sensitively contribute legitimacy sustainability ddr programme helping ensure decision based nationallydriven assessment applicable capacity objective value ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.1. Why are DDR-SSR dynamics important?", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR and SSR play an important role in post-conflict efforts to prevent the resurgence of armed conflict and to create the conditions necessary for sustainable peace and longer term development.4 They form part of a broader post-conflict peacebuilding agenda that may include measures to address small arms and light weapons (SALW), mine action activi- ties or efforts to redress past crimes and promote reconciliation through transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). The security challenges that these meas- ures seek to address are often the result of a state\u2019s loss of control over the legitimate use of force. DDR and SSR should therefore be understood as closely linked to processes of post- conflict statebuilding that enhance the ability of the state to deliver security and reinforce the rule of law. The complex, interrelated nature of these challenges has been reflected by the development of whole of system (e.g. \u2018one UN\u2019 or \u2018whole of government\u2019) approaches to supporting states emerging from conflict. The increasing drive towards such integrated approaches reflects a clear need to bridge early areas of post-conflict engagement with support to the consolidation of reconstruction and longer term development.An important point of departure for this module is the inherently political nature of DDR and SSR. DDR and SSR processes will only be successful if they acknowledge the need to develop sufficient political will to drive and build synergies between them.Box 1 DDR\/SSR dynamics \\n DDR shapes the terrain for SSR by influencing the size and nature of the security sector \\n Successful DDR can free up resources for SSR activities that in turn may support the development of efficient, affordable security structures \\n A national vision of the security sector should provide the basis for decisions on force size and structure \\n SSR considerations should help determine criteria for the integration of ex-combatants in different parts of the formal\/informal security sector \\n DDR and SSR offer complementary approaches that can link reintegration of ex-combatants to enhancing community security \\n Capacity-building for security management and oversight bodies provide a means to enhance the sustainability and legitimacy of DDR and SSRThis reflects the sensitivity of issues that touch directly on internal power relations, sover- eignty and national security as well as the fact that decisions in both areas create \u2018winners\u2019 and \u2018losers.\u2019 In order to avoid doing more harm than good, related policies and programmes must be grounded in a close understanding of context-specific political, socio-economic and security factors. Understanding \u2018what the market will bear\u2019 and ensuring that activities and how they are sequenced incorporate practical constraints are crucial considerations for assessments, programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.The core objective of SSR is \u201cthe enhancement of effective and accountable security for the state and its peoples.\u201d5 This underlines an emerging consensus that insists on the need to link effective and efficient provision of security to a framework of democratic gov- ernance and the rule of law.6 If one legacy of conflict is mistrust between the state, security providers and citizens, supporting participative processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society7 can meet a common DDR\/SSR goal of build- ing trust in post-conflict security governance institutions. Oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appro- priate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1462, "Sentence":"DDR and SSR play an important role in post-conflict efforts to prevent the resurgence of armed conflict and to create the conditions necessary for sustainable peace and longer term development.4 They form part of a broader post-conflict peacebuilding agenda that may include measures to address small arms and light weapons (SALW), mine action activi- ties or efforts to redress past crimes and promote reconciliation through transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ddr ssr play important role postconflict effort prevent resurgence armed conflict create condition necessary sustainable peace longer term development.4 form part broader postconflict peacebuilding agenda may include measure address small arm light weapon salw mine action activi tie effort redress past crime promote reconciliation transitional justice see iddrs 6.20 ddr transitional justice ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.1. Why are DDR-SSR dynamics important?", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR and SSR play an important role in post-conflict efforts to prevent the resurgence of armed conflict and to create the conditions necessary for sustainable peace and longer term development.4 They form part of a broader post-conflict peacebuilding agenda that may include measures to address small arms and light weapons (SALW), mine action activi- ties or efforts to redress past crimes and promote reconciliation through transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). The security challenges that these meas- ures seek to address are often the result of a state\u2019s loss of control over the legitimate use of force. DDR and SSR should therefore be understood as closely linked to processes of post- conflict statebuilding that enhance the ability of the state to deliver security and reinforce the rule of law. The complex, interrelated nature of these challenges has been reflected by the development of whole of system (e.g. \u2018one UN\u2019 or \u2018whole of government\u2019) approaches to supporting states emerging from conflict. The increasing drive towards such integrated approaches reflects a clear need to bridge early areas of post-conflict engagement with support to the consolidation of reconstruction and longer term development.An important point of departure for this module is the inherently political nature of DDR and SSR. DDR and SSR processes will only be successful if they acknowledge the need to develop sufficient political will to drive and build synergies between them.Box 1 DDR\/SSR dynamics \\n DDR shapes the terrain for SSR by influencing the size and nature of the security sector \\n Successful DDR can free up resources for SSR activities that in turn may support the development of efficient, affordable security structures \\n A national vision of the security sector should provide the basis for decisions on force size and structure \\n SSR considerations should help determine criteria for the integration of ex-combatants in different parts of the formal\/informal security sector \\n DDR and SSR offer complementary approaches that can link reintegration of ex-combatants to enhancing community security \\n Capacity-building for security management and oversight bodies provide a means to enhance the sustainability and legitimacy of DDR and SSRThis reflects the sensitivity of issues that touch directly on internal power relations, sover- eignty and national security as well as the fact that decisions in both areas create \u2018winners\u2019 and \u2018losers.\u2019 In order to avoid doing more harm than good, related policies and programmes must be grounded in a close understanding of context-specific political, socio-economic and security factors. Understanding \u2018what the market will bear\u2019 and ensuring that activities and how they are sequenced incorporate practical constraints are crucial considerations for assessments, programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.The core objective of SSR is \u201cthe enhancement of effective and accountable security for the state and its peoples.\u201d5 This underlines an emerging consensus that insists on the need to link effective and efficient provision of security to a framework of democratic gov- ernance and the rule of law.6 If one legacy of conflict is mistrust between the state, security providers and citizens, supporting participative processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society7 can meet a common DDR\/SSR goal of build- ing trust in post-conflict security governance institutions. Oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appro- priate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1462, "Sentence":"The security challenges that these meas- ures seek to address are often the result of a state\u2019s loss of control over the legitimate use of force.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR security challenge meas ures seek address often result state \u2019 loss control legitimate use force ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.1. Why are DDR-SSR dynamics important?", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR and SSR play an important role in post-conflict efforts to prevent the resurgence of armed conflict and to create the conditions necessary for sustainable peace and longer term development.4 They form part of a broader post-conflict peacebuilding agenda that may include measures to address small arms and light weapons (SALW), mine action activi- ties or efforts to redress past crimes and promote reconciliation through transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). The security challenges that these meas- ures seek to address are often the result of a state\u2019s loss of control over the legitimate use of force. DDR and SSR should therefore be understood as closely linked to processes of post- conflict statebuilding that enhance the ability of the state to deliver security and reinforce the rule of law. The complex, interrelated nature of these challenges has been reflected by the development of whole of system (e.g. \u2018one UN\u2019 or \u2018whole of government\u2019) approaches to supporting states emerging from conflict. The increasing drive towards such integrated approaches reflects a clear need to bridge early areas of post-conflict engagement with support to the consolidation of reconstruction and longer term development.An important point of departure for this module is the inherently political nature of DDR and SSR. DDR and SSR processes will only be successful if they acknowledge the need to develop sufficient political will to drive and build synergies between them.Box 1 DDR\/SSR dynamics \\n DDR shapes the terrain for SSR by influencing the size and nature of the security sector \\n Successful DDR can free up resources for SSR activities that in turn may support the development of efficient, affordable security structures \\n A national vision of the security sector should provide the basis for decisions on force size and structure \\n SSR considerations should help determine criteria for the integration of ex-combatants in different parts of the formal\/informal security sector \\n DDR and SSR offer complementary approaches that can link reintegration of ex-combatants to enhancing community security \\n Capacity-building for security management and oversight bodies provide a means to enhance the sustainability and legitimacy of DDR and SSRThis reflects the sensitivity of issues that touch directly on internal power relations, sover- eignty and national security as well as the fact that decisions in both areas create \u2018winners\u2019 and \u2018losers.\u2019 In order to avoid doing more harm than good, related policies and programmes must be grounded in a close understanding of context-specific political, socio-economic and security factors. Understanding \u2018what the market will bear\u2019 and ensuring that activities and how they are sequenced incorporate practical constraints are crucial considerations for assessments, programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.The core objective of SSR is \u201cthe enhancement of effective and accountable security for the state and its peoples.\u201d5 This underlines an emerging consensus that insists on the need to link effective and efficient provision of security to a framework of democratic gov- ernance and the rule of law.6 If one legacy of conflict is mistrust between the state, security providers and citizens, supporting participative processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society7 can meet a common DDR\/SSR goal of build- ing trust in post-conflict security governance institutions. Oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appro- priate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1462, "Sentence":"DDR and SSR should therefore be understood as closely linked to processes of post- conflict statebuilding that enhance the ability of the state to deliver security and reinforce the rule of law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ddr ssr therefore understood closely linked process post conflict statebuilding enhance ability state deliver security reinforce rule law ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.1. Why are DDR-SSR dynamics important?", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR and SSR play an important role in post-conflict efforts to prevent the resurgence of armed conflict and to create the conditions necessary for sustainable peace and longer term development.4 They form part of a broader post-conflict peacebuilding agenda that may include measures to address small arms and light weapons (SALW), mine action activi- ties or efforts to redress past crimes and promote reconciliation through transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). The security challenges that these meas- ures seek to address are often the result of a state\u2019s loss of control over the legitimate use of force. DDR and SSR should therefore be understood as closely linked to processes of post- conflict statebuilding that enhance the ability of the state to deliver security and reinforce the rule of law. The complex, interrelated nature of these challenges has been reflected by the development of whole of system (e.g. \u2018one UN\u2019 or \u2018whole of government\u2019) approaches to supporting states emerging from conflict. The increasing drive towards such integrated approaches reflects a clear need to bridge early areas of post-conflict engagement with support to the consolidation of reconstruction and longer term development.An important point of departure for this module is the inherently political nature of DDR and SSR. DDR and SSR processes will only be successful if they acknowledge the need to develop sufficient political will to drive and build synergies between them.Box 1 DDR\/SSR dynamics \\n DDR shapes the terrain for SSR by influencing the size and nature of the security sector \\n Successful DDR can free up resources for SSR activities that in turn may support the development of efficient, affordable security structures \\n A national vision of the security sector should provide the basis for decisions on force size and structure \\n SSR considerations should help determine criteria for the integration of ex-combatants in different parts of the formal\/informal security sector \\n DDR and SSR offer complementary approaches that can link reintegration of ex-combatants to enhancing community security \\n Capacity-building for security management and oversight bodies provide a means to enhance the sustainability and legitimacy of DDR and SSRThis reflects the sensitivity of issues that touch directly on internal power relations, sover- eignty and national security as well as the fact that decisions in both areas create \u2018winners\u2019 and \u2018losers.\u2019 In order to avoid doing more harm than good, related policies and programmes must be grounded in a close understanding of context-specific political, socio-economic and security factors. Understanding \u2018what the market will bear\u2019 and ensuring that activities and how they are sequenced incorporate practical constraints are crucial considerations for assessments, programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.The core objective of SSR is \u201cthe enhancement of effective and accountable security for the state and its peoples.\u201d5 This underlines an emerging consensus that insists on the need to link effective and efficient provision of security to a framework of democratic gov- ernance and the rule of law.6 If one legacy of conflict is mistrust between the state, security providers and citizens, supporting participative processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society7 can meet a common DDR\/SSR goal of build- ing trust in post-conflict security governance institutions. Oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appro- priate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1462, "Sentence":"The complex, interrelated nature of these challenges has been reflected by the development of whole of system (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR complex interrelated nature challenge reflected development whole system e.g ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.1. Why are DDR-SSR dynamics important?", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR and SSR play an important role in post-conflict efforts to prevent the resurgence of armed conflict and to create the conditions necessary for sustainable peace and longer term development.4 They form part of a broader post-conflict peacebuilding agenda that may include measures to address small arms and light weapons (SALW), mine action activi- ties or efforts to redress past crimes and promote reconciliation through transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). The security challenges that these meas- ures seek to address are often the result of a state\u2019s loss of control over the legitimate use of force. DDR and SSR should therefore be understood as closely linked to processes of post- conflict statebuilding that enhance the ability of the state to deliver security and reinforce the rule of law. The complex, interrelated nature of these challenges has been reflected by the development of whole of system (e.g. \u2018one UN\u2019 or \u2018whole of government\u2019) approaches to supporting states emerging from conflict. The increasing drive towards such integrated approaches reflects a clear need to bridge early areas of post-conflict engagement with support to the consolidation of reconstruction and longer term development.An important point of departure for this module is the inherently political nature of DDR and SSR. DDR and SSR processes will only be successful if they acknowledge the need to develop sufficient political will to drive and build synergies between them.Box 1 DDR\/SSR dynamics \\n DDR shapes the terrain for SSR by influencing the size and nature of the security sector \\n Successful DDR can free up resources for SSR activities that in turn may support the development of efficient, affordable security structures \\n A national vision of the security sector should provide the basis for decisions on force size and structure \\n SSR considerations should help determine criteria for the integration of ex-combatants in different parts of the formal\/informal security sector \\n DDR and SSR offer complementary approaches that can link reintegration of ex-combatants to enhancing community security \\n Capacity-building for security management and oversight bodies provide a means to enhance the sustainability and legitimacy of DDR and SSRThis reflects the sensitivity of issues that touch directly on internal power relations, sover- eignty and national security as well as the fact that decisions in both areas create \u2018winners\u2019 and \u2018losers.\u2019 In order to avoid doing more harm than good, related policies and programmes must be grounded in a close understanding of context-specific political, socio-economic and security factors. Understanding \u2018what the market will bear\u2019 and ensuring that activities and how they are sequenced incorporate practical constraints are crucial considerations for assessments, programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.The core objective of SSR is \u201cthe enhancement of effective and accountable security for the state and its peoples.\u201d5 This underlines an emerging consensus that insists on the need to link effective and efficient provision of security to a framework of democratic gov- ernance and the rule of law.6 If one legacy of conflict is mistrust between the state, security providers and citizens, supporting participative processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society7 can meet a common DDR\/SSR goal of build- ing trust in post-conflict security governance institutions. Oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appro- priate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1462, "Sentence":"\u2018one UN\u2019 or \u2018whole of government\u2019) approaches to supporting states emerging from conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR \u2018 one un \u2019 \u2018 whole government \u2019 approach supporting state emerging conflict ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.1. Why are DDR-SSR dynamics important?", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR and SSR play an important role in post-conflict efforts to prevent the resurgence of armed conflict and to create the conditions necessary for sustainable peace and longer term development.4 They form part of a broader post-conflict peacebuilding agenda that may include measures to address small arms and light weapons (SALW), mine action activi- ties or efforts to redress past crimes and promote reconciliation through transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). The security challenges that these meas- ures seek to address are often the result of a state\u2019s loss of control over the legitimate use of force. DDR and SSR should therefore be understood as closely linked to processes of post- conflict statebuilding that enhance the ability of the state to deliver security and reinforce the rule of law. The complex, interrelated nature of these challenges has been reflected by the development of whole of system (e.g. \u2018one UN\u2019 or \u2018whole of government\u2019) approaches to supporting states emerging from conflict. The increasing drive towards such integrated approaches reflects a clear need to bridge early areas of post-conflict engagement with support to the consolidation of reconstruction and longer term development.An important point of departure for this module is the inherently political nature of DDR and SSR. DDR and SSR processes will only be successful if they acknowledge the need to develop sufficient political will to drive and build synergies between them.Box 1 DDR\/SSR dynamics \\n DDR shapes the terrain for SSR by influencing the size and nature of the security sector \\n Successful DDR can free up resources for SSR activities that in turn may support the development of efficient, affordable security structures \\n A national vision of the security sector should provide the basis for decisions on force size and structure \\n SSR considerations should help determine criteria for the integration of ex-combatants in different parts of the formal\/informal security sector \\n DDR and SSR offer complementary approaches that can link reintegration of ex-combatants to enhancing community security \\n Capacity-building for security management and oversight bodies provide a means to enhance the sustainability and legitimacy of DDR and SSRThis reflects the sensitivity of issues that touch directly on internal power relations, sover- eignty and national security as well as the fact that decisions in both areas create \u2018winners\u2019 and \u2018losers.\u2019 In order to avoid doing more harm than good, related policies and programmes must be grounded in a close understanding of context-specific political, socio-economic and security factors. Understanding \u2018what the market will bear\u2019 and ensuring that activities and how they are sequenced incorporate practical constraints are crucial considerations for assessments, programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.The core objective of SSR is \u201cthe enhancement of effective and accountable security for the state and its peoples.\u201d5 This underlines an emerging consensus that insists on the need to link effective and efficient provision of security to a framework of democratic gov- ernance and the rule of law.6 If one legacy of conflict is mistrust between the state, security providers and citizens, supporting participative processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society7 can meet a common DDR\/SSR goal of build- ing trust in post-conflict security governance institutions. Oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appro- priate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1462, "Sentence":"The increasing drive towards such integrated approaches reflects a clear need to bridge early areas of post-conflict engagement with support to the consolidation of reconstruction and longer term development.An important point of departure for this module is the inherently political nature of DDR and SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR increasing drive towards integrated approach reflects clear need bridge early area postconflict engagement support consolidation reconstruction longer term development.an important point departure module inherently political nature ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.1. Why are DDR-SSR dynamics important?", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR and SSR play an important role in post-conflict efforts to prevent the resurgence of armed conflict and to create the conditions necessary for sustainable peace and longer term development.4 They form part of a broader post-conflict peacebuilding agenda that may include measures to address small arms and light weapons (SALW), mine action activi- ties or efforts to redress past crimes and promote reconciliation through transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). The security challenges that these meas- ures seek to address are often the result of a state\u2019s loss of control over the legitimate use of force. DDR and SSR should therefore be understood as closely linked to processes of post- conflict statebuilding that enhance the ability of the state to deliver security and reinforce the rule of law. The complex, interrelated nature of these challenges has been reflected by the development of whole of system (e.g. \u2018one UN\u2019 or \u2018whole of government\u2019) approaches to supporting states emerging from conflict. The increasing drive towards such integrated approaches reflects a clear need to bridge early areas of post-conflict engagement with support to the consolidation of reconstruction and longer term development.An important point of departure for this module is the inherently political nature of DDR and SSR. DDR and SSR processes will only be successful if they acknowledge the need to develop sufficient political will to drive and build synergies between them.Box 1 DDR\/SSR dynamics \\n DDR shapes the terrain for SSR by influencing the size and nature of the security sector \\n Successful DDR can free up resources for SSR activities that in turn may support the development of efficient, affordable security structures \\n A national vision of the security sector should provide the basis for decisions on force size and structure \\n SSR considerations should help determine criteria for the integration of ex-combatants in different parts of the formal\/informal security sector \\n DDR and SSR offer complementary approaches that can link reintegration of ex-combatants to enhancing community security \\n Capacity-building for security management and oversight bodies provide a means to enhance the sustainability and legitimacy of DDR and SSRThis reflects the sensitivity of issues that touch directly on internal power relations, sover- eignty and national security as well as the fact that decisions in both areas create \u2018winners\u2019 and \u2018losers.\u2019 In order to avoid doing more harm than good, related policies and programmes must be grounded in a close understanding of context-specific political, socio-economic and security factors. Understanding \u2018what the market will bear\u2019 and ensuring that activities and how they are sequenced incorporate practical constraints are crucial considerations for assessments, programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.The core objective of SSR is \u201cthe enhancement of effective and accountable security for the state and its peoples.\u201d5 This underlines an emerging consensus that insists on the need to link effective and efficient provision of security to a framework of democratic gov- ernance and the rule of law.6 If one legacy of conflict is mistrust between the state, security providers and citizens, supporting participative processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society7 can meet a common DDR\/SSR goal of build- ing trust in post-conflict security governance institutions. Oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appro- priate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1462, "Sentence":"DDR and SSR processes will only be successful if they acknowledge the need to develop sufficient political will to drive and build synergies between them.Box 1 DDR\/SSR dynamics \\n DDR shapes the terrain for SSR by influencing the size and nature of the security sector \\n Successful DDR can free up resources for SSR activities that in turn may support the development of efficient, affordable security structures \\n A national vision of the security sector should provide the basis for decisions on force size and structure \\n SSR considerations should help determine criteria for the integration of ex-combatants in different parts of the formal\/informal security sector \\n DDR and SSR offer complementary approaches that can link reintegration of ex-combatants to enhancing community security \\n Capacity-building for security management and oversight bodies provide a means to enhance the sustainability and legitimacy of DDR and SSRThis reflects the sensitivity of issues that touch directly on internal power relations, sover- eignty and national security as well as the fact that decisions in both areas create \u2018winners\u2019 and \u2018losers.\u2019 In order to avoid doing more harm than good, related policies and programmes must be grounded in a close understanding of context-specific political, socio-economic and security factors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ddr ssr process successful acknowledge need develop sufficient political drive build synergy them.box 1 ddr\/ssr dynamic n ddr shape terrain ssr influencing size nature security sector n successful ddr free resource ssr activity turn may support development efficient affordable security structure n national vision security sector provide basis decision force size structure n ssr consideration help determine criterion integration excombatants different part formal\/informal security sector n ddr ssr offer complementary approach link reintegration excombatants enhancing community security n capacitybuilding security management oversight body provide mean enhance sustainability legitimacy ddr ssrthis reflects sensitivity issue touch directly internal power relation sover eignty national security well fact decision area create \u2018 winner \u2019 \u2018 losers. \u2019 order avoid harm good related policy programme must grounded close understanding contextspecific political socioeconomic security factor ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.1. Why are DDR-SSR dynamics important?", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR and SSR play an important role in post-conflict efforts to prevent the resurgence of armed conflict and to create the conditions necessary for sustainable peace and longer term development.4 They form part of a broader post-conflict peacebuilding agenda that may include measures to address small arms and light weapons (SALW), mine action activi- ties or efforts to redress past crimes and promote reconciliation through transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). The security challenges that these meas- ures seek to address are often the result of a state\u2019s loss of control over the legitimate use of force. DDR and SSR should therefore be understood as closely linked to processes of post- conflict statebuilding that enhance the ability of the state to deliver security and reinforce the rule of law. The complex, interrelated nature of these challenges has been reflected by the development of whole of system (e.g. \u2018one UN\u2019 or \u2018whole of government\u2019) approaches to supporting states emerging from conflict. The increasing drive towards such integrated approaches reflects a clear need to bridge early areas of post-conflict engagement with support to the consolidation of reconstruction and longer term development.An important point of departure for this module is the inherently political nature of DDR and SSR. DDR and SSR processes will only be successful if they acknowledge the need to develop sufficient political will to drive and build synergies between them.Box 1 DDR\/SSR dynamics \\n DDR shapes the terrain for SSR by influencing the size and nature of the security sector \\n Successful DDR can free up resources for SSR activities that in turn may support the development of efficient, affordable security structures \\n A national vision of the security sector should provide the basis for decisions on force size and structure \\n SSR considerations should help determine criteria for the integration of ex-combatants in different parts of the formal\/informal security sector \\n DDR and SSR offer complementary approaches that can link reintegration of ex-combatants to enhancing community security \\n Capacity-building for security management and oversight bodies provide a means to enhance the sustainability and legitimacy of DDR and SSRThis reflects the sensitivity of issues that touch directly on internal power relations, sover- eignty and national security as well as the fact that decisions in both areas create \u2018winners\u2019 and \u2018losers.\u2019 In order to avoid doing more harm than good, related policies and programmes must be grounded in a close understanding of context-specific political, socio-economic and security factors. Understanding \u2018what the market will bear\u2019 and ensuring that activities and how they are sequenced incorporate practical constraints are crucial considerations for assessments, programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.The core objective of SSR is \u201cthe enhancement of effective and accountable security for the state and its peoples.\u201d5 This underlines an emerging consensus that insists on the need to link effective and efficient provision of security to a framework of democratic gov- ernance and the rule of law.6 If one legacy of conflict is mistrust between the state, security providers and citizens, supporting participative processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society7 can meet a common DDR\/SSR goal of build- ing trust in post-conflict security governance institutions. Oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appro- priate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1462, "Sentence":"Understanding \u2018what the market will bear\u2019 and ensuring that activities and how they are sequenced incorporate practical constraints are crucial considerations for assessments, programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.The core objective of SSR is \u201cthe enhancement of effective and accountable security for the state and its peoples.\u201d5 This underlines an emerging consensus that insists on the need to link effective and efficient provision of security to a framework of democratic gov- ernance and the rule of law.6 If one legacy of conflict is mistrust between the state, security providers and citizens, supporting participative processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society7 can meet a common DDR\/SSR goal of build- ing trust in post-conflict security governance institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR understanding \u2018 market bear \u2019 ensuring activity sequenced incorporate practical constraint crucial consideration assessment programme design implementation monitoring evaluation.the core objective ssr \u201c enhancement effective accountable security state peoples. \u201d 5 underline emerging consensus insists need link effective efficient provision security framework democratic gov ernance rule law.6 one legacy conflict mistrust state security provider citizen supporting participative process enhance oversight role actor parliament civil society7 meet common ddr\/ssr goal build ing trust postconflict security governance institution ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.1. Why are DDR-SSR dynamics important?", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"DDR and SSR play an important role in post-conflict efforts to prevent the resurgence of armed conflict and to create the conditions necessary for sustainable peace and longer term development.4 They form part of a broader post-conflict peacebuilding agenda that may include measures to address small arms and light weapons (SALW), mine action activi- ties or efforts to redress past crimes and promote reconciliation through transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). The security challenges that these meas- ures seek to address are often the result of a state\u2019s loss of control over the legitimate use of force. DDR and SSR should therefore be understood as closely linked to processes of post- conflict statebuilding that enhance the ability of the state to deliver security and reinforce the rule of law. The complex, interrelated nature of these challenges has been reflected by the development of whole of system (e.g. \u2018one UN\u2019 or \u2018whole of government\u2019) approaches to supporting states emerging from conflict. The increasing drive towards such integrated approaches reflects a clear need to bridge early areas of post-conflict engagement with support to the consolidation of reconstruction and longer term development.An important point of departure for this module is the inherently political nature of DDR and SSR. DDR and SSR processes will only be successful if they acknowledge the need to develop sufficient political will to drive and build synergies between them.Box 1 DDR\/SSR dynamics \\n DDR shapes the terrain for SSR by influencing the size and nature of the security sector \\n Successful DDR can free up resources for SSR activities that in turn may support the development of efficient, affordable security structures \\n A national vision of the security sector should provide the basis for decisions on force size and structure \\n SSR considerations should help determine criteria for the integration of ex-combatants in different parts of the formal\/informal security sector \\n DDR and SSR offer complementary approaches that can link reintegration of ex-combatants to enhancing community security \\n Capacity-building for security management and oversight bodies provide a means to enhance the sustainability and legitimacy of DDR and SSRThis reflects the sensitivity of issues that touch directly on internal power relations, sover- eignty and national security as well as the fact that decisions in both areas create \u2018winners\u2019 and \u2018losers.\u2019 In order to avoid doing more harm than good, related policies and programmes must be grounded in a close understanding of context-specific political, socio-economic and security factors. Understanding \u2018what the market will bear\u2019 and ensuring that activities and how they are sequenced incorporate practical constraints are crucial considerations for assessments, programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.The core objective of SSR is \u201cthe enhancement of effective and accountable security for the state and its peoples.\u201d5 This underlines an emerging consensus that insists on the need to link effective and efficient provision of security to a framework of democratic gov- ernance and the rule of law.6 If one legacy of conflict is mistrust between the state, security providers and citizens, supporting participative processes that enhance the oversight roles of actors such as parliament and civil society7 can meet a common DDR\/SSR goal of build- ing trust in post-conflict security governance institutions. Oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appro- priate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1462, "Sentence":"Oversight mechanisms can provide necessary checks and balances to ensure that national decisions on DDR and SSR are appro- priate, cost effective and made in a transparent manner.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR oversight mechanism provide necessary check balance ensure national decision ddr ssr appro priate cost effective made transparent manner ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.2. Challenges of operationalising the DDR\/SSR nexus", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"A number of DDR and SSR activities have been challenged for their lack of context-specificity and flexibility, leading to questions concerning their effectiveness when weighed against the major investments such activities entail.8 The lack of coordination between bilateral and multilateral partners that support these activities is widely acknowledged as a contrib- uting factor: stovepiped or contradictory approaches each present major obstacles to pro- viding mutually reinforcing support to DDR and SSR. The UN\u2019s legitimacy, early presence on the ground and scope of its activities points to an important coordinating role that can help to address challenges of coordination and coherence within the international commu- nity in these areas.A lack of conceptual clarity on \u2018SSR\u2019 has had negative consequences for the division of responsibilities, prioritisation of tasks and allocation of resources.9 Understandings of the constituent activities within DDR are relatively well-established. On the other hand, while common definitions of SSR may be emerging at a policy level, these are often not reflected in programming. This situation is further complicated by the absence of clear indicators for success in both areas. Providing clarity on the scope of activities and linking these to a desired end state provide an important starting point to better understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR.Both DDR and SSR should be nationally owned and designed to fit the circumstances of each particular country. However, the engagement by the international community in these areas is routinely criticised for failing to apply these key principles in practice. SSR in particular is viewed by some as a vehicle for imposing externally driven objectives and approaches. In part, this reflects the particular challenges of post-conflict environments, including weak or illegitimate institutions, shortage of capacity amongst national actors, a lack of political will and the marginalisation of civil society. There is a need to recognise these context-specific sensitivities and ensure that approaches are built around the contributions of a broad cross-section of national stakeholders. Prioritising support for the development of national capacities to develop effective, legitimate and sustainable security institutions is essential to meeting common DDR\/SSR goals.Following a summary of applicable UN institutional mandates and responsibilities (Section 4), this module outlines a rationale for the appropriate linkage of DDR and SSR (Section 5) and sets out a number of guiding principles common to the UN approach to both sets of activities (Section 6). Important DDR-SSR dynamics before and during demo- bilization (Section 7) and before and during repatriation and reintegration (Section 8) are then considered. Operationalising the DDR-SSR nexus in different elements of the pro- gramme cycle and consideration of potential entry points (Section 9) is followed by a focus on national and international capacities in these areas (Section 10). The module concludes with a checklist that is intended as a point of departure for the development of context- specific policies and programmes that take into account the relationship between DDR and SSR (Section 11).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1463, "Sentence":"A number of DDR and SSR activities have been challenged for their lack of context-specificity and flexibility, leading to questions concerning their effectiveness when weighed against the major investments such activities entail.8 The lack of coordination between bilateral and multilateral partners that support these activities is widely acknowledged as a contrib- uting factor: stovepiped or contradictory approaches each present major obstacles to pro- viding mutually reinforcing support to DDR and SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR number ddr ssr activity challenged lack contextspecificity flexibility leading question concerning effectiveness weighed major investment activity entail.8 lack coordination bilateral multilateral partner support activity widely acknowledged contrib uting factor stovepiped contradictory approach present major obstacle pro viding mutually reinforcing support ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.2. Challenges of operationalising the DDR\/SSR nexus", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"A number of DDR and SSR activities have been challenged for their lack of context-specificity and flexibility, leading to questions concerning their effectiveness when weighed against the major investments such activities entail.8 The lack of coordination between bilateral and multilateral partners that support these activities is widely acknowledged as a contrib- uting factor: stovepiped or contradictory approaches each present major obstacles to pro- viding mutually reinforcing support to DDR and SSR. The UN\u2019s legitimacy, early presence on the ground and scope of its activities points to an important coordinating role that can help to address challenges of coordination and coherence within the international commu- nity in these areas.A lack of conceptual clarity on \u2018SSR\u2019 has had negative consequences for the division of responsibilities, prioritisation of tasks and allocation of resources.9 Understandings of the constituent activities within DDR are relatively well-established. On the other hand, while common definitions of SSR may be emerging at a policy level, these are often not reflected in programming. This situation is further complicated by the absence of clear indicators for success in both areas. Providing clarity on the scope of activities and linking these to a desired end state provide an important starting point to better understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR.Both DDR and SSR should be nationally owned and designed to fit the circumstances of each particular country. However, the engagement by the international community in these areas is routinely criticised for failing to apply these key principles in practice. SSR in particular is viewed by some as a vehicle for imposing externally driven objectives and approaches. In part, this reflects the particular challenges of post-conflict environments, including weak or illegitimate institutions, shortage of capacity amongst national actors, a lack of political will and the marginalisation of civil society. There is a need to recognise these context-specific sensitivities and ensure that approaches are built around the contributions of a broad cross-section of national stakeholders. Prioritising support for the development of national capacities to develop effective, legitimate and sustainable security institutions is essential to meeting common DDR\/SSR goals.Following a summary of applicable UN institutional mandates and responsibilities (Section 4), this module outlines a rationale for the appropriate linkage of DDR and SSR (Section 5) and sets out a number of guiding principles common to the UN approach to both sets of activities (Section 6). Important DDR-SSR dynamics before and during demo- bilization (Section 7) and before and during repatriation and reintegration (Section 8) are then considered. Operationalising the DDR-SSR nexus in different elements of the pro- gramme cycle and consideration of potential entry points (Section 9) is followed by a focus on national and international capacities in these areas (Section 10). The module concludes with a checklist that is intended as a point of departure for the development of context- specific policies and programmes that take into account the relationship between DDR and SSR (Section 11).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1463, "Sentence":"The UN\u2019s legitimacy, early presence on the ground and scope of its activities points to an important coordinating role that can help to address challenges of coordination and coherence within the international commu- nity in these areas.A lack of conceptual clarity on \u2018SSR\u2019 has had negative consequences for the division of responsibilities, prioritisation of tasks and allocation of resources.9 Understandings of the constituent activities within DDR are relatively well-established.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR un \u2019 legitimacy early presence ground scope activity point important coordinating role help address challenge coordination coherence within international commu nity areas.a lack conceptual clarity \u2018 ssr \u2019 negative consequence division responsibility prioritisation task allocation resources.9 understanding constituent activity within ddr relatively wellestablished ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.2. Challenges of operationalising the DDR\/SSR nexus", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"A number of DDR and SSR activities have been challenged for their lack of context-specificity and flexibility, leading to questions concerning their effectiveness when weighed against the major investments such activities entail.8 The lack of coordination between bilateral and multilateral partners that support these activities is widely acknowledged as a contrib- uting factor: stovepiped or contradictory approaches each present major obstacles to pro- viding mutually reinforcing support to DDR and SSR. The UN\u2019s legitimacy, early presence on the ground and scope of its activities points to an important coordinating role that can help to address challenges of coordination and coherence within the international commu- nity in these areas.A lack of conceptual clarity on \u2018SSR\u2019 has had negative consequences for the division of responsibilities, prioritisation of tasks and allocation of resources.9 Understandings of the constituent activities within DDR are relatively well-established. On the other hand, while common definitions of SSR may be emerging at a policy level, these are often not reflected in programming. This situation is further complicated by the absence of clear indicators for success in both areas. Providing clarity on the scope of activities and linking these to a desired end state provide an important starting point to better understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR.Both DDR and SSR should be nationally owned and designed to fit the circumstances of each particular country. However, the engagement by the international community in these areas is routinely criticised for failing to apply these key principles in practice. SSR in particular is viewed by some as a vehicle for imposing externally driven objectives and approaches. In part, this reflects the particular challenges of post-conflict environments, including weak or illegitimate institutions, shortage of capacity amongst national actors, a lack of political will and the marginalisation of civil society. There is a need to recognise these context-specific sensitivities and ensure that approaches are built around the contributions of a broad cross-section of national stakeholders. Prioritising support for the development of national capacities to develop effective, legitimate and sustainable security institutions is essential to meeting common DDR\/SSR goals.Following a summary of applicable UN institutional mandates and responsibilities (Section 4), this module outlines a rationale for the appropriate linkage of DDR and SSR (Section 5) and sets out a number of guiding principles common to the UN approach to both sets of activities (Section 6). Important DDR-SSR dynamics before and during demo- bilization (Section 7) and before and during repatriation and reintegration (Section 8) are then considered. Operationalising the DDR-SSR nexus in different elements of the pro- gramme cycle and consideration of potential entry points (Section 9) is followed by a focus on national and international capacities in these areas (Section 10). The module concludes with a checklist that is intended as a point of departure for the development of context- specific policies and programmes that take into account the relationship between DDR and SSR (Section 11).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1463, "Sentence":"On the other hand, while common definitions of SSR may be emerging at a policy level, these are often not reflected in programming.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR hand common definition ssr may emerging policy level often reflected programming ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.2. Challenges of operationalising the DDR\/SSR nexus", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"A number of DDR and SSR activities have been challenged for their lack of context-specificity and flexibility, leading to questions concerning their effectiveness when weighed against the major investments such activities entail.8 The lack of coordination between bilateral and multilateral partners that support these activities is widely acknowledged as a contrib- uting factor: stovepiped or contradictory approaches each present major obstacles to pro- viding mutually reinforcing support to DDR and SSR. The UN\u2019s legitimacy, early presence on the ground and scope of its activities points to an important coordinating role that can help to address challenges of coordination and coherence within the international commu- nity in these areas.A lack of conceptual clarity on \u2018SSR\u2019 has had negative consequences for the division of responsibilities, prioritisation of tasks and allocation of resources.9 Understandings of the constituent activities within DDR are relatively well-established. On the other hand, while common definitions of SSR may be emerging at a policy level, these are often not reflected in programming. This situation is further complicated by the absence of clear indicators for success in both areas. Providing clarity on the scope of activities and linking these to a desired end state provide an important starting point to better understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR.Both DDR and SSR should be nationally owned and designed to fit the circumstances of each particular country. However, the engagement by the international community in these areas is routinely criticised for failing to apply these key principles in practice. SSR in particular is viewed by some as a vehicle for imposing externally driven objectives and approaches. In part, this reflects the particular challenges of post-conflict environments, including weak or illegitimate institutions, shortage of capacity amongst national actors, a lack of political will and the marginalisation of civil society. There is a need to recognise these context-specific sensitivities and ensure that approaches are built around the contributions of a broad cross-section of national stakeholders. Prioritising support for the development of national capacities to develop effective, legitimate and sustainable security institutions is essential to meeting common DDR\/SSR goals.Following a summary of applicable UN institutional mandates and responsibilities (Section 4), this module outlines a rationale for the appropriate linkage of DDR and SSR (Section 5) and sets out a number of guiding principles common to the UN approach to both sets of activities (Section 6). Important DDR-SSR dynamics before and during demo- bilization (Section 7) and before and during repatriation and reintegration (Section 8) are then considered. Operationalising the DDR-SSR nexus in different elements of the pro- gramme cycle and consideration of potential entry points (Section 9) is followed by a focus on national and international capacities in these areas (Section 10). The module concludes with a checklist that is intended as a point of departure for the development of context- specific policies and programmes that take into account the relationship between DDR and SSR (Section 11).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1463, "Sentence":"This situation is further complicated by the absence of clear indicators for success in both areas.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR situation complicated absence clear indicator success area ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.2. Challenges of operationalising the DDR\/SSR nexus", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"A number of DDR and SSR activities have been challenged for their lack of context-specificity and flexibility, leading to questions concerning their effectiveness when weighed against the major investments such activities entail.8 The lack of coordination between bilateral and multilateral partners that support these activities is widely acknowledged as a contrib- uting factor: stovepiped or contradictory approaches each present major obstacles to pro- viding mutually reinforcing support to DDR and SSR. The UN\u2019s legitimacy, early presence on the ground and scope of its activities points to an important coordinating role that can help to address challenges of coordination and coherence within the international commu- nity in these areas.A lack of conceptual clarity on \u2018SSR\u2019 has had negative consequences for the division of responsibilities, prioritisation of tasks and allocation of resources.9 Understandings of the constituent activities within DDR are relatively well-established. On the other hand, while common definitions of SSR may be emerging at a policy level, these are often not reflected in programming. This situation is further complicated by the absence of clear indicators for success in both areas. Providing clarity on the scope of activities and linking these to a desired end state provide an important starting point to better understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR.Both DDR and SSR should be nationally owned and designed to fit the circumstances of each particular country. However, the engagement by the international community in these areas is routinely criticised for failing to apply these key principles in practice. SSR in particular is viewed by some as a vehicle for imposing externally driven objectives and approaches. In part, this reflects the particular challenges of post-conflict environments, including weak or illegitimate institutions, shortage of capacity amongst national actors, a lack of political will and the marginalisation of civil society. There is a need to recognise these context-specific sensitivities and ensure that approaches are built around the contributions of a broad cross-section of national stakeholders. Prioritising support for the development of national capacities to develop effective, legitimate and sustainable security institutions is essential to meeting common DDR\/SSR goals.Following a summary of applicable UN institutional mandates and responsibilities (Section 4), this module outlines a rationale for the appropriate linkage of DDR and SSR (Section 5) and sets out a number of guiding principles common to the UN approach to both sets of activities (Section 6). Important DDR-SSR dynamics before and during demo- bilization (Section 7) and before and during repatriation and reintegration (Section 8) are then considered. Operationalising the DDR-SSR nexus in different elements of the pro- gramme cycle and consideration of potential entry points (Section 9) is followed by a focus on national and international capacities in these areas (Section 10). The module concludes with a checklist that is intended as a point of departure for the development of context- specific policies and programmes that take into account the relationship between DDR and SSR (Section 11).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1463, "Sentence":"Providing clarity on the scope of activities and linking these to a desired end state provide an important starting point to better understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR.Both DDR and SSR should be nationally owned and designed to fit the circumstances of each particular country.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR providing clarity scope activity linking desired end state provide important starting point better understanding relationship ddr ssr.both ddr ssr nationally owned designed fit circumstance particular country ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.2. Challenges of operationalising the DDR\/SSR nexus", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"A number of DDR and SSR activities have been challenged for their lack of context-specificity and flexibility, leading to questions concerning their effectiveness when weighed against the major investments such activities entail.8 The lack of coordination between bilateral and multilateral partners that support these activities is widely acknowledged as a contrib- uting factor: stovepiped or contradictory approaches each present major obstacles to pro- viding mutually reinforcing support to DDR and SSR. The UN\u2019s legitimacy, early presence on the ground and scope of its activities points to an important coordinating role that can help to address challenges of coordination and coherence within the international commu- nity in these areas.A lack of conceptual clarity on \u2018SSR\u2019 has had negative consequences for the division of responsibilities, prioritisation of tasks and allocation of resources.9 Understandings of the constituent activities within DDR are relatively well-established. On the other hand, while common definitions of SSR may be emerging at a policy level, these are often not reflected in programming. This situation is further complicated by the absence of clear indicators for success in both areas. Providing clarity on the scope of activities and linking these to a desired end state provide an important starting point to better understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR.Both DDR and SSR should be nationally owned and designed to fit the circumstances of each particular country. However, the engagement by the international community in these areas is routinely criticised for failing to apply these key principles in practice. SSR in particular is viewed by some as a vehicle for imposing externally driven objectives and approaches. In part, this reflects the particular challenges of post-conflict environments, including weak or illegitimate institutions, shortage of capacity amongst national actors, a lack of political will and the marginalisation of civil society. There is a need to recognise these context-specific sensitivities and ensure that approaches are built around the contributions of a broad cross-section of national stakeholders. Prioritising support for the development of national capacities to develop effective, legitimate and sustainable security institutions is essential to meeting common DDR\/SSR goals.Following a summary of applicable UN institutional mandates and responsibilities (Section 4), this module outlines a rationale for the appropriate linkage of DDR and SSR (Section 5) and sets out a number of guiding principles common to the UN approach to both sets of activities (Section 6). Important DDR-SSR dynamics before and during demo- bilization (Section 7) and before and during repatriation and reintegration (Section 8) are then considered. Operationalising the DDR-SSR nexus in different elements of the pro- gramme cycle and consideration of potential entry points (Section 9) is followed by a focus on national and international capacities in these areas (Section 10). The module concludes with a checklist that is intended as a point of departure for the development of context- specific policies and programmes that take into account the relationship between DDR and SSR (Section 11).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1463, "Sentence":"However, the engagement by the international community in these areas is routinely criticised for failing to apply these key principles in practice.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR however engagement international community area routinely criticised failing apply key principle practice ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.2. Challenges of operationalising the DDR\/SSR nexus", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"A number of DDR and SSR activities have been challenged for their lack of context-specificity and flexibility, leading to questions concerning their effectiveness when weighed against the major investments such activities entail.8 The lack of coordination between bilateral and multilateral partners that support these activities is widely acknowledged as a contrib- uting factor: stovepiped or contradictory approaches each present major obstacles to pro- viding mutually reinforcing support to DDR and SSR. The UN\u2019s legitimacy, early presence on the ground and scope of its activities points to an important coordinating role that can help to address challenges of coordination and coherence within the international commu- nity in these areas.A lack of conceptual clarity on \u2018SSR\u2019 has had negative consequences for the division of responsibilities, prioritisation of tasks and allocation of resources.9 Understandings of the constituent activities within DDR are relatively well-established. On the other hand, while common definitions of SSR may be emerging at a policy level, these are often not reflected in programming. This situation is further complicated by the absence of clear indicators for success in both areas. Providing clarity on the scope of activities and linking these to a desired end state provide an important starting point to better understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR.Both DDR and SSR should be nationally owned and designed to fit the circumstances of each particular country. However, the engagement by the international community in these areas is routinely criticised for failing to apply these key principles in practice. SSR in particular is viewed by some as a vehicle for imposing externally driven objectives and approaches. In part, this reflects the particular challenges of post-conflict environments, including weak or illegitimate institutions, shortage of capacity amongst national actors, a lack of political will and the marginalisation of civil society. There is a need to recognise these context-specific sensitivities and ensure that approaches are built around the contributions of a broad cross-section of national stakeholders. Prioritising support for the development of national capacities to develop effective, legitimate and sustainable security institutions is essential to meeting common DDR\/SSR goals.Following a summary of applicable UN institutional mandates and responsibilities (Section 4), this module outlines a rationale for the appropriate linkage of DDR and SSR (Section 5) and sets out a number of guiding principles common to the UN approach to both sets of activities (Section 6). Important DDR-SSR dynamics before and during demo- bilization (Section 7) and before and during repatriation and reintegration (Section 8) are then considered. Operationalising the DDR-SSR nexus in different elements of the pro- gramme cycle and consideration of potential entry points (Section 9) is followed by a focus on national and international capacities in these areas (Section 10). The module concludes with a checklist that is intended as a point of departure for the development of context- specific policies and programmes that take into account the relationship between DDR and SSR (Section 11).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1463, "Sentence":"SSR in particular is viewed by some as a vehicle for imposing externally driven objectives and approaches.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ssr particular viewed vehicle imposing externally driven objective approach ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.2. Challenges of operationalising the DDR\/SSR nexus", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"A number of DDR and SSR activities have been challenged for their lack of context-specificity and flexibility, leading to questions concerning their effectiveness when weighed against the major investments such activities entail.8 The lack of coordination between bilateral and multilateral partners that support these activities is widely acknowledged as a contrib- uting factor: stovepiped or contradictory approaches each present major obstacles to pro- viding mutually reinforcing support to DDR and SSR. The UN\u2019s legitimacy, early presence on the ground and scope of its activities points to an important coordinating role that can help to address challenges of coordination and coherence within the international commu- nity in these areas.A lack of conceptual clarity on \u2018SSR\u2019 has had negative consequences for the division of responsibilities, prioritisation of tasks and allocation of resources.9 Understandings of the constituent activities within DDR are relatively well-established. On the other hand, while common definitions of SSR may be emerging at a policy level, these are often not reflected in programming. This situation is further complicated by the absence of clear indicators for success in both areas. Providing clarity on the scope of activities and linking these to a desired end state provide an important starting point to better understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR.Both DDR and SSR should be nationally owned and designed to fit the circumstances of each particular country. However, the engagement by the international community in these areas is routinely criticised for failing to apply these key principles in practice. SSR in particular is viewed by some as a vehicle for imposing externally driven objectives and approaches. In part, this reflects the particular challenges of post-conflict environments, including weak or illegitimate institutions, shortage of capacity amongst national actors, a lack of political will and the marginalisation of civil society. There is a need to recognise these context-specific sensitivities and ensure that approaches are built around the contributions of a broad cross-section of national stakeholders. Prioritising support for the development of national capacities to develop effective, legitimate and sustainable security institutions is essential to meeting common DDR\/SSR goals.Following a summary of applicable UN institutional mandates and responsibilities (Section 4), this module outlines a rationale for the appropriate linkage of DDR and SSR (Section 5) and sets out a number of guiding principles common to the UN approach to both sets of activities (Section 6). Important DDR-SSR dynamics before and during demo- bilization (Section 7) and before and during repatriation and reintegration (Section 8) are then considered. Operationalising the DDR-SSR nexus in different elements of the pro- gramme cycle and consideration of potential entry points (Section 9) is followed by a focus on national and international capacities in these areas (Section 10). The module concludes with a checklist that is intended as a point of departure for the development of context- specific policies and programmes that take into account the relationship between DDR and SSR (Section 11).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1463, "Sentence":"In part, this reflects the particular challenges of post-conflict environments, including weak or illegitimate institutions, shortage of capacity amongst national actors, a lack of political will and the marginalisation of civil society.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR part reflects particular challenge postconflict environment including weak illegitimate institution shortage capacity amongst national actor lack political marginalisation civil society ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.2. Challenges of operationalising the DDR\/SSR nexus", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"A number of DDR and SSR activities have been challenged for their lack of context-specificity and flexibility, leading to questions concerning their effectiveness when weighed against the major investments such activities entail.8 The lack of coordination between bilateral and multilateral partners that support these activities is widely acknowledged as a contrib- uting factor: stovepiped or contradictory approaches each present major obstacles to pro- viding mutually reinforcing support to DDR and SSR. The UN\u2019s legitimacy, early presence on the ground and scope of its activities points to an important coordinating role that can help to address challenges of coordination and coherence within the international commu- nity in these areas.A lack of conceptual clarity on \u2018SSR\u2019 has had negative consequences for the division of responsibilities, prioritisation of tasks and allocation of resources.9 Understandings of the constituent activities within DDR are relatively well-established. On the other hand, while common definitions of SSR may be emerging at a policy level, these are often not reflected in programming. This situation is further complicated by the absence of clear indicators for success in both areas. Providing clarity on the scope of activities and linking these to a desired end state provide an important starting point to better understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR.Both DDR and SSR should be nationally owned and designed to fit the circumstances of each particular country. However, the engagement by the international community in these areas is routinely criticised for failing to apply these key principles in practice. SSR in particular is viewed by some as a vehicle for imposing externally driven objectives and approaches. In part, this reflects the particular challenges of post-conflict environments, including weak or illegitimate institutions, shortage of capacity amongst national actors, a lack of political will and the marginalisation of civil society. There is a need to recognise these context-specific sensitivities and ensure that approaches are built around the contributions of a broad cross-section of national stakeholders. Prioritising support for the development of national capacities to develop effective, legitimate and sustainable security institutions is essential to meeting common DDR\/SSR goals.Following a summary of applicable UN institutional mandates and responsibilities (Section 4), this module outlines a rationale for the appropriate linkage of DDR and SSR (Section 5) and sets out a number of guiding principles common to the UN approach to both sets of activities (Section 6). Important DDR-SSR dynamics before and during demo- bilization (Section 7) and before and during repatriation and reintegration (Section 8) are then considered. Operationalising the DDR-SSR nexus in different elements of the pro- gramme cycle and consideration of potential entry points (Section 9) is followed by a focus on national and international capacities in these areas (Section 10). The module concludes with a checklist that is intended as a point of departure for the development of context- specific policies and programmes that take into account the relationship between DDR and SSR (Section 11).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1463, "Sentence":"There is a need to recognise these context-specific sensitivities and ensure that approaches are built around the contributions of a broad cross-section of national stakeholders.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR need recognise contextspecific sensitivity ensure approach built around contribution broad crosssection national stakeholder ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.2. Challenges of operationalising the DDR\/SSR nexus", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"A number of DDR and SSR activities have been challenged for their lack of context-specificity and flexibility, leading to questions concerning their effectiveness when weighed against the major investments such activities entail.8 The lack of coordination between bilateral and multilateral partners that support these activities is widely acknowledged as a contrib- uting factor: stovepiped or contradictory approaches each present major obstacles to pro- viding mutually reinforcing support to DDR and SSR. The UN\u2019s legitimacy, early presence on the ground and scope of its activities points to an important coordinating role that can help to address challenges of coordination and coherence within the international commu- nity in these areas.A lack of conceptual clarity on \u2018SSR\u2019 has had negative consequences for the division of responsibilities, prioritisation of tasks and allocation of resources.9 Understandings of the constituent activities within DDR are relatively well-established. On the other hand, while common definitions of SSR may be emerging at a policy level, these are often not reflected in programming. This situation is further complicated by the absence of clear indicators for success in both areas. Providing clarity on the scope of activities and linking these to a desired end state provide an important starting point to better understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR.Both DDR and SSR should be nationally owned and designed to fit the circumstances of each particular country. However, the engagement by the international community in these areas is routinely criticised for failing to apply these key principles in practice. SSR in particular is viewed by some as a vehicle for imposing externally driven objectives and approaches. In part, this reflects the particular challenges of post-conflict environments, including weak or illegitimate institutions, shortage of capacity amongst national actors, a lack of political will and the marginalisation of civil society. There is a need to recognise these context-specific sensitivities and ensure that approaches are built around the contributions of a broad cross-section of national stakeholders. Prioritising support for the development of national capacities to develop effective, legitimate and sustainable security institutions is essential to meeting common DDR\/SSR goals.Following a summary of applicable UN institutional mandates and responsibilities (Section 4), this module outlines a rationale for the appropriate linkage of DDR and SSR (Section 5) and sets out a number of guiding principles common to the UN approach to both sets of activities (Section 6). Important DDR-SSR dynamics before and during demo- bilization (Section 7) and before and during repatriation and reintegration (Section 8) are then considered. Operationalising the DDR-SSR nexus in different elements of the pro- gramme cycle and consideration of potential entry points (Section 9) is followed by a focus on national and international capacities in these areas (Section 10). The module concludes with a checklist that is intended as a point of departure for the development of context- specific policies and programmes that take into account the relationship between DDR and SSR (Section 11).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1463, "Sentence":"Prioritising support for the development of national capacities to develop effective, legitimate and sustainable security institutions is essential to meeting common DDR\/SSR goals.Following a summary of applicable UN institutional mandates and responsibilities (Section 4), this module outlines a rationale for the appropriate linkage of DDR and SSR (Section 5) and sets out a number of guiding principles common to the UN approach to both sets of activities (Section 6).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR prioritising support development national capacity develop effective legitimate sustainable security institution essential meeting common ddr\/ssr goals.following summary applicable un institutional mandate responsibility section 4 module outline rationale appropriate linkage ddr ssr section 5 set number guiding principle common un approach set activity section 6 ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.2. Challenges of operationalising the DDR\/SSR nexus", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"A number of DDR and SSR activities have been challenged for their lack of context-specificity and flexibility, leading to questions concerning their effectiveness when weighed against the major investments such activities entail.8 The lack of coordination between bilateral and multilateral partners that support these activities is widely acknowledged as a contrib- uting factor: stovepiped or contradictory approaches each present major obstacles to pro- viding mutually reinforcing support to DDR and SSR. The UN\u2019s legitimacy, early presence on the ground and scope of its activities points to an important coordinating role that can help to address challenges of coordination and coherence within the international commu- nity in these areas.A lack of conceptual clarity on \u2018SSR\u2019 has had negative consequences for the division of responsibilities, prioritisation of tasks and allocation of resources.9 Understandings of the constituent activities within DDR are relatively well-established. On the other hand, while common definitions of SSR may be emerging at a policy level, these are often not reflected in programming. This situation is further complicated by the absence of clear indicators for success in both areas. Providing clarity on the scope of activities and linking these to a desired end state provide an important starting point to better understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR.Both DDR and SSR should be nationally owned and designed to fit the circumstances of each particular country. However, the engagement by the international community in these areas is routinely criticised for failing to apply these key principles in practice. SSR in particular is viewed by some as a vehicle for imposing externally driven objectives and approaches. In part, this reflects the particular challenges of post-conflict environments, including weak or illegitimate institutions, shortage of capacity amongst national actors, a lack of political will and the marginalisation of civil society. There is a need to recognise these context-specific sensitivities and ensure that approaches are built around the contributions of a broad cross-section of national stakeholders. Prioritising support for the development of national capacities to develop effective, legitimate and sustainable security institutions is essential to meeting common DDR\/SSR goals.Following a summary of applicable UN institutional mandates and responsibilities (Section 4), this module outlines a rationale for the appropriate linkage of DDR and SSR (Section 5) and sets out a number of guiding principles common to the UN approach to both sets of activities (Section 6). Important DDR-SSR dynamics before and during demo- bilization (Section 7) and before and during repatriation and reintegration (Section 8) are then considered. Operationalising the DDR-SSR nexus in different elements of the pro- gramme cycle and consideration of potential entry points (Section 9) is followed by a focus on national and international capacities in these areas (Section 10). The module concludes with a checklist that is intended as a point of departure for the development of context- specific policies and programmes that take into account the relationship between DDR and SSR (Section 11).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1463, "Sentence":"Important DDR-SSR dynamics before and during demo- bilization (Section 7) and before and during repatriation and reintegration (Section 8) are then considered.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR important ddrssr dynamic demo bilization section 7 repatriation reintegration section 8 considered ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.2. Challenges of operationalising the DDR\/SSR nexus", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"A number of DDR and SSR activities have been challenged for their lack of context-specificity and flexibility, leading to questions concerning their effectiveness when weighed against the major investments such activities entail.8 The lack of coordination between bilateral and multilateral partners that support these activities is widely acknowledged as a contrib- uting factor: stovepiped or contradictory approaches each present major obstacles to pro- viding mutually reinforcing support to DDR and SSR. The UN\u2019s legitimacy, early presence on the ground and scope of its activities points to an important coordinating role that can help to address challenges of coordination and coherence within the international commu- nity in these areas.A lack of conceptual clarity on \u2018SSR\u2019 has had negative consequences for the division of responsibilities, prioritisation of tasks and allocation of resources.9 Understandings of the constituent activities within DDR are relatively well-established. On the other hand, while common definitions of SSR may be emerging at a policy level, these are often not reflected in programming. This situation is further complicated by the absence of clear indicators for success in both areas. Providing clarity on the scope of activities and linking these to a desired end state provide an important starting point to better understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR.Both DDR and SSR should be nationally owned and designed to fit the circumstances of each particular country. However, the engagement by the international community in these areas is routinely criticised for failing to apply these key principles in practice. SSR in particular is viewed by some as a vehicle for imposing externally driven objectives and approaches. In part, this reflects the particular challenges of post-conflict environments, including weak or illegitimate institutions, shortage of capacity amongst national actors, a lack of political will and the marginalisation of civil society. There is a need to recognise these context-specific sensitivities and ensure that approaches are built around the contributions of a broad cross-section of national stakeholders. Prioritising support for the development of national capacities to develop effective, legitimate and sustainable security institutions is essential to meeting common DDR\/SSR goals.Following a summary of applicable UN institutional mandates and responsibilities (Section 4), this module outlines a rationale for the appropriate linkage of DDR and SSR (Section 5) and sets out a number of guiding principles common to the UN approach to both sets of activities (Section 6). Important DDR-SSR dynamics before and during demo- bilization (Section 7) and before and during repatriation and reintegration (Section 8) are then considered. Operationalising the DDR-SSR nexus in different elements of the pro- gramme cycle and consideration of potential entry points (Section 9) is followed by a focus on national and international capacities in these areas (Section 10). The module concludes with a checklist that is intended as a point of departure for the development of context- specific policies and programmes that take into account the relationship between DDR and SSR (Section 11).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1463, "Sentence":"Operationalising the DDR-SSR nexus in different elements of the pro- gramme cycle and consideration of potential entry points (Section 9) is followed by a focus on national and international capacities in these areas (Section 10).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR operationalising ddrssr nexus different element pro gramme cycle consideration potential entry point section 9 followed focus national international capacity area section 10 ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"3. Background", "Heading2":"3.2. Challenges of operationalising the DDR\/SSR nexus", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"A number of DDR and SSR activities have been challenged for their lack of context-specificity and flexibility, leading to questions concerning their effectiveness when weighed against the major investments such activities entail.8 The lack of coordination between bilateral and multilateral partners that support these activities is widely acknowledged as a contrib- uting factor: stovepiped or contradictory approaches each present major obstacles to pro- viding mutually reinforcing support to DDR and SSR. The UN\u2019s legitimacy, early presence on the ground and scope of its activities points to an important coordinating role that can help to address challenges of coordination and coherence within the international commu- nity in these areas.A lack of conceptual clarity on \u2018SSR\u2019 has had negative consequences for the division of responsibilities, prioritisation of tasks and allocation of resources.9 Understandings of the constituent activities within DDR are relatively well-established. On the other hand, while common definitions of SSR may be emerging at a policy level, these are often not reflected in programming. This situation is further complicated by the absence of clear indicators for success in both areas. Providing clarity on the scope of activities and linking these to a desired end state provide an important starting point to better understanding the relationship between DDR and SSR.Both DDR and SSR should be nationally owned and designed to fit the circumstances of each particular country. However, the engagement by the international community in these areas is routinely criticised for failing to apply these key principles in practice. SSR in particular is viewed by some as a vehicle for imposing externally driven objectives and approaches. In part, this reflects the particular challenges of post-conflict environments, including weak or illegitimate institutions, shortage of capacity amongst national actors, a lack of political will and the marginalisation of civil society. There is a need to recognise these context-specific sensitivities and ensure that approaches are built around the contributions of a broad cross-section of national stakeholders. Prioritising support for the development of national capacities to develop effective, legitimate and sustainable security institutions is essential to meeting common DDR\/SSR goals.Following a summary of applicable UN institutional mandates and responsibilities (Section 4), this module outlines a rationale for the appropriate linkage of DDR and SSR (Section 5) and sets out a number of guiding principles common to the UN approach to both sets of activities (Section 6). Important DDR-SSR dynamics before and during demo- bilization (Section 7) and before and during repatriation and reintegration (Section 8) are then considered. Operationalising the DDR-SSR nexus in different elements of the pro- gramme cycle and consideration of potential entry points (Section 9) is followed by a focus on national and international capacities in these areas (Section 10). The module concludes with a checklist that is intended as a point of departure for the development of context- specific policies and programmes that take into account the relationship between DDR and SSR (Section 11).", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1463, "Sentence":"The module concludes with a checklist that is intended as a point of departure for the development of context- specific policies and programmes that take into account the relationship between DDR and SSR (Section 11).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR module concludes checklist intended point departure development context specific policy programme take account relationship ddr ssr section 11 ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"4. UN institutional mandates and responsibilities", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A number of UN documents address the interrelated issues of DDR, SSR and rule of law. Short summaries of some of the following key documents are included in Annex \u2018A\u2019 to this module: \\n Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cThe role of United Nations Peacekeeping in disarm- ament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 11 February 2000 (S\/2000\/101) \\n Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies\u201d of 3 August 2004 (S\/2004\/616) \\n Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 2 March 2006 (A\/60\/705) \\n Presidential Statement on \u201cMaintenance of international peace and security: role of the Security Council in supporting security sector reform\u201d of 21 February 2007 (S\/PRST\/ 2007\/3); \\n Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform\u201d of 23 January 2008 (S\/2008\/39); \\n Presidential Statement on \u201cMaintenance of international peace and security: role of the Security Council in supporting security sector reform\u201d of 12 May 2008 (S\/PRST\/ 2008\/14).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1464, "Sentence":"A number of UN documents address the interrelated issues of DDR, SSR and rule of law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR number un document address interrelated issue ddr ssr rule law ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"4. UN institutional mandates and responsibilities", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":4, "Paragraph":"A number of UN documents address the interrelated issues of DDR, SSR and rule of law. Short summaries of some of the following key documents are included in Annex \u2018A\u2019 to this module: \\n Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cThe role of United Nations Peacekeeping in disarm- ament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 11 February 2000 (S\/2000\/101) \\n Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies\u201d of 3 August 2004 (S\/2004\/616) \\n Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 2 March 2006 (A\/60\/705) \\n Presidential Statement on \u201cMaintenance of international peace and security: role of the Security Council in supporting security sector reform\u201d of 21 February 2007 (S\/PRST\/ 2007\/3); \\n Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform\u201d of 23 January 2008 (S\/2008\/39); \\n Presidential Statement on \u201cMaintenance of international peace and security: role of the Security Council in supporting security sector reform\u201d of 12 May 2008 (S\/PRST\/ 2008\/14).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1464, "Sentence":"Short summaries of some of the following key documents are included in Annex \u2018A\u2019 to this module: \\n Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cThe role of United Nations Peacekeeping in disarm- ament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 11 February 2000 (S\/2000\/101) \\n Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies\u201d of 3 August 2004 (S\/2004\/616) \\n Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d of 2 March 2006 (A\/60\/705) \\n Presidential Statement on \u201cMaintenance of international peace and security: role of the Security Council in supporting security sector reform\u201d of 21 February 2007 (S\/PRST\/ 2007\/3); \\n Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform\u201d of 23 January 2008 (S\/2008\/39); \\n Presidential Statement on \u201cMaintenance of international peace and security: role of the Security Council in supporting security sector reform\u201d of 12 May 2008 (S\/PRST\/ 2008\/14).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR short summary following key document included annex \u2018 \u2019 module n report secretarygeneral \u201c role united nation peacekeeping disarm ament demobilization reintegration \u201d 11 february 2000 s\/2000\/101 n report secretarygeneral \u201c rule law transitional justice conflict postconflict society \u201d 3 august 2004 s\/2004\/616 n report secretarygeneral \u201c disarmament demobilization reintegration \u201d 2 march 2006 a\/60\/705 n presidential statement \u201c maintenance international peace security role security council supporting security sector reform \u201d 21 february 2007 s\/prst\/ 2007\/3 n report secretarygeneral \u201c securing peace development role united nation supporting security sector reform \u201d 23 january 2008 s\/2008\/39 n presidential statement \u201c maintenance international peace security role security council supporting security sector reform \u201d 12 may 2008 s\/prst\/ 2008\/14 ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for linking DDR and SSR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Considering the relationship between DDR \u2018design\u2019 and the appropriate parameters of a state\u2019s security sector provides an important dimension to shape strategic decision making and thus to broader processes of national policy formulation and implementation. The con- siderations outlined below suggest ways that different components of DDR and SSR can relate to each other.Disarmament \\n Disarmament is not just a short term security measure designed to collect surplus weapons and ammunition. It is also implicitly part of a broader process of state regulation and con- trol over the transfer, trafficking and use of weapons within a national territory. As with civilian disarmament, disarming former combatants should be based on a level of confi- dence that can be fostered through broader SSR measures (such as police or corrections reform). These can contribute jointly to an increased level of community security and pro- vide the necessary reassurance that these weapons are no longer necessary. There are also direct linkages between disarmament of ex-combatants and efforts to strengthen border management capacities, particularly in light of unrestricted flows of arms (and combatants) across porous borders in conflict-prone regions.Demobilization \\n While often treated narrowly as a feature of DDR, demobilization can also be conceived within an SSR framework more generally. Where decisions affecting force size and structure provide for inefficient, unaffordable or abusive security structures this will undermine long term peace and security. Decisions should therefore be based on a rational, inclusive assess- ment by national actors of the objectives, role and values of the future security sector. One important element of the relationship between demobilization and SSR relates to the impor- tance of avoiding security vacuums. Ensuring that decisions on both the structures estab- lished to house the demobilization process and the return of demobilised ex-combatants are taken in parallel with complementary community law enforcement activities can miti- gate this concern. The security implications of cross-border flows of ex-combatants also highlight the positive relationship between demobilization and border security.Reintegration \\n Successful reintegration fulfils a common DDR\/SSR goal of ensuring a well-managed tran- sition of former combatants to civilian life while taking into account the needs of receiving communities. By contrast, failed reintegration can undermine SSR efforts by placing exces- sive pressures on police, courts and prisons while harming the security of the state and its citizens. Speed of response and adequate financial support are important since a delayed or underfunded reintegration process may skew options for SSR and limit flexibility. Ex- combatants may find employment in different parts of the formal or informal security sector. In such cases, clear criteria should be established to ensure that individuals with inappropriate backgrounds or training are not re-deployed within the security sector, weakening the effectiveness and legitimacy of relevant bodies. Appropriate re-training of personnel and processes that support vetting within reformed security institutions are therefore two examples where DDR and SSR efforts intersect.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1465, "Sentence":"Considering the relationship between DDR \u2018design\u2019 and the appropriate parameters of a state\u2019s security sector provides an important dimension to shape strategic decision making and thus to broader processes of national policy formulation and implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR considering relationship ddr \u2018 design \u2019 appropriate parameter state \u2019 security sector provides important dimension shape strategic decision making thus broader process national policy formulation implementation ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for linking DDR and SSR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Considering the relationship between DDR \u2018design\u2019 and the appropriate parameters of a state\u2019s security sector provides an important dimension to shape strategic decision making and thus to broader processes of national policy formulation and implementation. The con- siderations outlined below suggest ways that different components of DDR and SSR can relate to each other.Disarmament \\n Disarmament is not just a short term security measure designed to collect surplus weapons and ammunition. It is also implicitly part of a broader process of state regulation and con- trol over the transfer, trafficking and use of weapons within a national territory. As with civilian disarmament, disarming former combatants should be based on a level of confi- dence that can be fostered through broader SSR measures (such as police or corrections reform). These can contribute jointly to an increased level of community security and pro- vide the necessary reassurance that these weapons are no longer necessary. There are also direct linkages between disarmament of ex-combatants and efforts to strengthen border management capacities, particularly in light of unrestricted flows of arms (and combatants) across porous borders in conflict-prone regions.Demobilization \\n While often treated narrowly as a feature of DDR, demobilization can also be conceived within an SSR framework more generally. Where decisions affecting force size and structure provide for inefficient, unaffordable or abusive security structures this will undermine long term peace and security. Decisions should therefore be based on a rational, inclusive assess- ment by national actors of the objectives, role and values of the future security sector. One important element of the relationship between demobilization and SSR relates to the impor- tance of avoiding security vacuums. Ensuring that decisions on both the structures estab- lished to house the demobilization process and the return of demobilised ex-combatants are taken in parallel with complementary community law enforcement activities can miti- gate this concern. The security implications of cross-border flows of ex-combatants also highlight the positive relationship between demobilization and border security.Reintegration \\n Successful reintegration fulfils a common DDR\/SSR goal of ensuring a well-managed tran- sition of former combatants to civilian life while taking into account the needs of receiving communities. By contrast, failed reintegration can undermine SSR efforts by placing exces- sive pressures on police, courts and prisons while harming the security of the state and its citizens. Speed of response and adequate financial support are important since a delayed or underfunded reintegration process may skew options for SSR and limit flexibility. Ex- combatants may find employment in different parts of the formal or informal security sector. In such cases, clear criteria should be established to ensure that individuals with inappropriate backgrounds or training are not re-deployed within the security sector, weakening the effectiveness and legitimacy of relevant bodies. Appropriate re-training of personnel and processes that support vetting within reformed security institutions are therefore two examples where DDR and SSR efforts intersect.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1465, "Sentence":"The con- siderations outlined below suggest ways that different components of DDR and SSR can relate to each other.Disarmament \\n Disarmament is not just a short term security measure designed to collect surplus weapons and ammunition.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR con siderations outlined suggest way different component ddr ssr relate other.disarmament n disarmament short term security measure designed collect surplus weapon ammunition ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for linking DDR and SSR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Considering the relationship between DDR \u2018design\u2019 and the appropriate parameters of a state\u2019s security sector provides an important dimension to shape strategic decision making and thus to broader processes of national policy formulation and implementation. The con- siderations outlined below suggest ways that different components of DDR and SSR can relate to each other.Disarmament \\n Disarmament is not just a short term security measure designed to collect surplus weapons and ammunition. It is also implicitly part of a broader process of state regulation and con- trol over the transfer, trafficking and use of weapons within a national territory. As with civilian disarmament, disarming former combatants should be based on a level of confi- dence that can be fostered through broader SSR measures (such as police or corrections reform). These can contribute jointly to an increased level of community security and pro- vide the necessary reassurance that these weapons are no longer necessary. There are also direct linkages between disarmament of ex-combatants and efforts to strengthen border management capacities, particularly in light of unrestricted flows of arms (and combatants) across porous borders in conflict-prone regions.Demobilization \\n While often treated narrowly as a feature of DDR, demobilization can also be conceived within an SSR framework more generally. Where decisions affecting force size and structure provide for inefficient, unaffordable or abusive security structures this will undermine long term peace and security. Decisions should therefore be based on a rational, inclusive assess- ment by national actors of the objectives, role and values of the future security sector. One important element of the relationship between demobilization and SSR relates to the impor- tance of avoiding security vacuums. Ensuring that decisions on both the structures estab- lished to house the demobilization process and the return of demobilised ex-combatants are taken in parallel with complementary community law enforcement activities can miti- gate this concern. The security implications of cross-border flows of ex-combatants also highlight the positive relationship between demobilization and border security.Reintegration \\n Successful reintegration fulfils a common DDR\/SSR goal of ensuring a well-managed tran- sition of former combatants to civilian life while taking into account the needs of receiving communities. By contrast, failed reintegration can undermine SSR efforts by placing exces- sive pressures on police, courts and prisons while harming the security of the state and its citizens. Speed of response and adequate financial support are important since a delayed or underfunded reintegration process may skew options for SSR and limit flexibility. Ex- combatants may find employment in different parts of the formal or informal security sector. In such cases, clear criteria should be established to ensure that individuals with inappropriate backgrounds or training are not re-deployed within the security sector, weakening the effectiveness and legitimacy of relevant bodies. Appropriate re-training of personnel and processes that support vetting within reformed security institutions are therefore two examples where DDR and SSR efforts intersect.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1465, "Sentence":"It is also implicitly part of a broader process of state regulation and con- trol over the transfer, trafficking and use of weapons within a national territory.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR also implicitly part broader process state regulation con trol transfer trafficking use weapon within national territory ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for linking DDR and SSR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Considering the relationship between DDR \u2018design\u2019 and the appropriate parameters of a state\u2019s security sector provides an important dimension to shape strategic decision making and thus to broader processes of national policy formulation and implementation. The con- siderations outlined below suggest ways that different components of DDR and SSR can relate to each other.Disarmament \\n Disarmament is not just a short term security measure designed to collect surplus weapons and ammunition. It is also implicitly part of a broader process of state regulation and con- trol over the transfer, trafficking and use of weapons within a national territory. As with civilian disarmament, disarming former combatants should be based on a level of confi- dence that can be fostered through broader SSR measures (such as police or corrections reform). These can contribute jointly to an increased level of community security and pro- vide the necessary reassurance that these weapons are no longer necessary. There are also direct linkages between disarmament of ex-combatants and efforts to strengthen border management capacities, particularly in light of unrestricted flows of arms (and combatants) across porous borders in conflict-prone regions.Demobilization \\n While often treated narrowly as a feature of DDR, demobilization can also be conceived within an SSR framework more generally. Where decisions affecting force size and structure provide for inefficient, unaffordable or abusive security structures this will undermine long term peace and security. Decisions should therefore be based on a rational, inclusive assess- ment by national actors of the objectives, role and values of the future security sector. One important element of the relationship between demobilization and SSR relates to the impor- tance of avoiding security vacuums. Ensuring that decisions on both the structures estab- lished to house the demobilization process and the return of demobilised ex-combatants are taken in parallel with complementary community law enforcement activities can miti- gate this concern. The security implications of cross-border flows of ex-combatants also highlight the positive relationship between demobilization and border security.Reintegration \\n Successful reintegration fulfils a common DDR\/SSR goal of ensuring a well-managed tran- sition of former combatants to civilian life while taking into account the needs of receiving communities. By contrast, failed reintegration can undermine SSR efforts by placing exces- sive pressures on police, courts and prisons while harming the security of the state and its citizens. Speed of response and adequate financial support are important since a delayed or underfunded reintegration process may skew options for SSR and limit flexibility. Ex- combatants may find employment in different parts of the formal or informal security sector. In such cases, clear criteria should be established to ensure that individuals with inappropriate backgrounds or training are not re-deployed within the security sector, weakening the effectiveness and legitimacy of relevant bodies. Appropriate re-training of personnel and processes that support vetting within reformed security institutions are therefore two examples where DDR and SSR efforts intersect.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1465, "Sentence":"As with civilian disarmament, disarming former combatants should be based on a level of confi- dence that can be fostered through broader SSR measures (such as police or corrections reform).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR civilian disarmament disarming former combatant based level confi dence fostered broader ssr measure police correction reform ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for linking DDR and SSR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Considering the relationship between DDR \u2018design\u2019 and the appropriate parameters of a state\u2019s security sector provides an important dimension to shape strategic decision making and thus to broader processes of national policy formulation and implementation. The con- siderations outlined below suggest ways that different components of DDR and SSR can relate to each other.Disarmament \\n Disarmament is not just a short term security measure designed to collect surplus weapons and ammunition. It is also implicitly part of a broader process of state regulation and con- trol over the transfer, trafficking and use of weapons within a national territory. As with civilian disarmament, disarming former combatants should be based on a level of confi- dence that can be fostered through broader SSR measures (such as police or corrections reform). These can contribute jointly to an increased level of community security and pro- vide the necessary reassurance that these weapons are no longer necessary. There are also direct linkages between disarmament of ex-combatants and efforts to strengthen border management capacities, particularly in light of unrestricted flows of arms (and combatants) across porous borders in conflict-prone regions.Demobilization \\n While often treated narrowly as a feature of DDR, demobilization can also be conceived within an SSR framework more generally. Where decisions affecting force size and structure provide for inefficient, unaffordable or abusive security structures this will undermine long term peace and security. Decisions should therefore be based on a rational, inclusive assess- ment by national actors of the objectives, role and values of the future security sector. One important element of the relationship between demobilization and SSR relates to the impor- tance of avoiding security vacuums. Ensuring that decisions on both the structures estab- lished to house the demobilization process and the return of demobilised ex-combatants are taken in parallel with complementary community law enforcement activities can miti- gate this concern. The security implications of cross-border flows of ex-combatants also highlight the positive relationship between demobilization and border security.Reintegration \\n Successful reintegration fulfils a common DDR\/SSR goal of ensuring a well-managed tran- sition of former combatants to civilian life while taking into account the needs of receiving communities. By contrast, failed reintegration can undermine SSR efforts by placing exces- sive pressures on police, courts and prisons while harming the security of the state and its citizens. Speed of response and adequate financial support are important since a delayed or underfunded reintegration process may skew options for SSR and limit flexibility. Ex- combatants may find employment in different parts of the formal or informal security sector. In such cases, clear criteria should be established to ensure that individuals with inappropriate backgrounds or training are not re-deployed within the security sector, weakening the effectiveness and legitimacy of relevant bodies. Appropriate re-training of personnel and processes that support vetting within reformed security institutions are therefore two examples where DDR and SSR efforts intersect.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1465, "Sentence":"These can contribute jointly to an increased level of community security and pro- vide the necessary reassurance that these weapons are no longer necessary.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR contribute jointly increased level community security pro vide necessary reassurance weapon longer necessary ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for linking DDR and SSR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Considering the relationship between DDR \u2018design\u2019 and the appropriate parameters of a state\u2019s security sector provides an important dimension to shape strategic decision making and thus to broader processes of national policy formulation and implementation. The con- siderations outlined below suggest ways that different components of DDR and SSR can relate to each other.Disarmament \\n Disarmament is not just a short term security measure designed to collect surplus weapons and ammunition. It is also implicitly part of a broader process of state regulation and con- trol over the transfer, trafficking and use of weapons within a national territory. As with civilian disarmament, disarming former combatants should be based on a level of confi- dence that can be fostered through broader SSR measures (such as police or corrections reform). These can contribute jointly to an increased level of community security and pro- vide the necessary reassurance that these weapons are no longer necessary. There are also direct linkages between disarmament of ex-combatants and efforts to strengthen border management capacities, particularly in light of unrestricted flows of arms (and combatants) across porous borders in conflict-prone regions.Demobilization \\n While often treated narrowly as a feature of DDR, demobilization can also be conceived within an SSR framework more generally. Where decisions affecting force size and structure provide for inefficient, unaffordable or abusive security structures this will undermine long term peace and security. Decisions should therefore be based on a rational, inclusive assess- ment by national actors of the objectives, role and values of the future security sector. One important element of the relationship between demobilization and SSR relates to the impor- tance of avoiding security vacuums. Ensuring that decisions on both the structures estab- lished to house the demobilization process and the return of demobilised ex-combatants are taken in parallel with complementary community law enforcement activities can miti- gate this concern. The security implications of cross-border flows of ex-combatants also highlight the positive relationship between demobilization and border security.Reintegration \\n Successful reintegration fulfils a common DDR\/SSR goal of ensuring a well-managed tran- sition of former combatants to civilian life while taking into account the needs of receiving communities. By contrast, failed reintegration can undermine SSR efforts by placing exces- sive pressures on police, courts and prisons while harming the security of the state and its citizens. Speed of response and adequate financial support are important since a delayed or underfunded reintegration process may skew options for SSR and limit flexibility. Ex- combatants may find employment in different parts of the formal or informal security sector. In such cases, clear criteria should be established to ensure that individuals with inappropriate backgrounds or training are not re-deployed within the security sector, weakening the effectiveness and legitimacy of relevant bodies. Appropriate re-training of personnel and processes that support vetting within reformed security institutions are therefore two examples where DDR and SSR efforts intersect.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1465, "Sentence":"There are also direct linkages between disarmament of ex-combatants and efforts to strengthen border management capacities, particularly in light of unrestricted flows of arms (and combatants) across porous borders in conflict-prone regions.Demobilization \\n While often treated narrowly as a feature of DDR, demobilization can also be conceived within an SSR framework more generally.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR also direct linkage disarmament excombatants effort strengthen border management capacity particularly light unrestricted flow arm combatant across porous border conflictprone regions.demobilization n often treated narrowly feature ddr demobilization also conceived within ssr framework generally ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for linking DDR and SSR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Considering the relationship between DDR \u2018design\u2019 and the appropriate parameters of a state\u2019s security sector provides an important dimension to shape strategic decision making and thus to broader processes of national policy formulation and implementation. The con- siderations outlined below suggest ways that different components of DDR and SSR can relate to each other.Disarmament \\n Disarmament is not just a short term security measure designed to collect surplus weapons and ammunition. It is also implicitly part of a broader process of state regulation and con- trol over the transfer, trafficking and use of weapons within a national territory. As with civilian disarmament, disarming former combatants should be based on a level of confi- dence that can be fostered through broader SSR measures (such as police or corrections reform). These can contribute jointly to an increased level of community security and pro- vide the necessary reassurance that these weapons are no longer necessary. There are also direct linkages between disarmament of ex-combatants and efforts to strengthen border management capacities, particularly in light of unrestricted flows of arms (and combatants) across porous borders in conflict-prone regions.Demobilization \\n While often treated narrowly as a feature of DDR, demobilization can also be conceived within an SSR framework more generally. Where decisions affecting force size and structure provide for inefficient, unaffordable or abusive security structures this will undermine long term peace and security. Decisions should therefore be based on a rational, inclusive assess- ment by national actors of the objectives, role and values of the future security sector. One important element of the relationship between demobilization and SSR relates to the impor- tance of avoiding security vacuums. Ensuring that decisions on both the structures estab- lished to house the demobilization process and the return of demobilised ex-combatants are taken in parallel with complementary community law enforcement activities can miti- gate this concern. The security implications of cross-border flows of ex-combatants also highlight the positive relationship between demobilization and border security.Reintegration \\n Successful reintegration fulfils a common DDR\/SSR goal of ensuring a well-managed tran- sition of former combatants to civilian life while taking into account the needs of receiving communities. By contrast, failed reintegration can undermine SSR efforts by placing exces- sive pressures on police, courts and prisons while harming the security of the state and its citizens. Speed of response and adequate financial support are important since a delayed or underfunded reintegration process may skew options for SSR and limit flexibility. Ex- combatants may find employment in different parts of the formal or informal security sector. In such cases, clear criteria should be established to ensure that individuals with inappropriate backgrounds or training are not re-deployed within the security sector, weakening the effectiveness and legitimacy of relevant bodies. Appropriate re-training of personnel and processes that support vetting within reformed security institutions are therefore two examples where DDR and SSR efforts intersect.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1465, "Sentence":"Where decisions affecting force size and structure provide for inefficient, unaffordable or abusive security structures this will undermine long term peace and security.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR decision affecting force size structure provide inefficient unaffordable abusive security structure undermine long term peace security ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for linking DDR and SSR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Considering the relationship between DDR \u2018design\u2019 and the appropriate parameters of a state\u2019s security sector provides an important dimension to shape strategic decision making and thus to broader processes of national policy formulation and implementation. The con- siderations outlined below suggest ways that different components of DDR and SSR can relate to each other.Disarmament \\n Disarmament is not just a short term security measure designed to collect surplus weapons and ammunition. It is also implicitly part of a broader process of state regulation and con- trol over the transfer, trafficking and use of weapons within a national territory. As with civilian disarmament, disarming former combatants should be based on a level of confi- dence that can be fostered through broader SSR measures (such as police or corrections reform). These can contribute jointly to an increased level of community security and pro- vide the necessary reassurance that these weapons are no longer necessary. There are also direct linkages between disarmament of ex-combatants and efforts to strengthen border management capacities, particularly in light of unrestricted flows of arms (and combatants) across porous borders in conflict-prone regions.Demobilization \\n While often treated narrowly as a feature of DDR, demobilization can also be conceived within an SSR framework more generally. Where decisions affecting force size and structure provide for inefficient, unaffordable or abusive security structures this will undermine long term peace and security. Decisions should therefore be based on a rational, inclusive assess- ment by national actors of the objectives, role and values of the future security sector. One important element of the relationship between demobilization and SSR relates to the impor- tance of avoiding security vacuums. Ensuring that decisions on both the structures estab- lished to house the demobilization process and the return of demobilised ex-combatants are taken in parallel with complementary community law enforcement activities can miti- gate this concern. The security implications of cross-border flows of ex-combatants also highlight the positive relationship between demobilization and border security.Reintegration \\n Successful reintegration fulfils a common DDR\/SSR goal of ensuring a well-managed tran- sition of former combatants to civilian life while taking into account the needs of receiving communities. By contrast, failed reintegration can undermine SSR efforts by placing exces- sive pressures on police, courts and prisons while harming the security of the state and its citizens. Speed of response and adequate financial support are important since a delayed or underfunded reintegration process may skew options for SSR and limit flexibility. Ex- combatants may find employment in different parts of the formal or informal security sector. In such cases, clear criteria should be established to ensure that individuals with inappropriate backgrounds or training are not re-deployed within the security sector, weakening the effectiveness and legitimacy of relevant bodies. Appropriate re-training of personnel and processes that support vetting within reformed security institutions are therefore two examples where DDR and SSR efforts intersect.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1465, "Sentence":"Decisions should therefore be based on a rational, inclusive assess- ment by national actors of the objectives, role and values of the future security sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR decision therefore based rational inclusive ass ment national actor objective role value future security sector ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for linking DDR and SSR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Considering the relationship between DDR \u2018design\u2019 and the appropriate parameters of a state\u2019s security sector provides an important dimension to shape strategic decision making and thus to broader processes of national policy formulation and implementation. The con- siderations outlined below suggest ways that different components of DDR and SSR can relate to each other.Disarmament \\n Disarmament is not just a short term security measure designed to collect surplus weapons and ammunition. It is also implicitly part of a broader process of state regulation and con- trol over the transfer, trafficking and use of weapons within a national territory. As with civilian disarmament, disarming former combatants should be based on a level of confi- dence that can be fostered through broader SSR measures (such as police or corrections reform). These can contribute jointly to an increased level of community security and pro- vide the necessary reassurance that these weapons are no longer necessary. There are also direct linkages between disarmament of ex-combatants and efforts to strengthen border management capacities, particularly in light of unrestricted flows of arms (and combatants) across porous borders in conflict-prone regions.Demobilization \\n While often treated narrowly as a feature of DDR, demobilization can also be conceived within an SSR framework more generally. Where decisions affecting force size and structure provide for inefficient, unaffordable or abusive security structures this will undermine long term peace and security. Decisions should therefore be based on a rational, inclusive assess- ment by national actors of the objectives, role and values of the future security sector. One important element of the relationship between demobilization and SSR relates to the impor- tance of avoiding security vacuums. Ensuring that decisions on both the structures estab- lished to house the demobilization process and the return of demobilised ex-combatants are taken in parallel with complementary community law enforcement activities can miti- gate this concern. The security implications of cross-border flows of ex-combatants also highlight the positive relationship between demobilization and border security.Reintegration \\n Successful reintegration fulfils a common DDR\/SSR goal of ensuring a well-managed tran- sition of former combatants to civilian life while taking into account the needs of receiving communities. By contrast, failed reintegration can undermine SSR efforts by placing exces- sive pressures on police, courts and prisons while harming the security of the state and its citizens. Speed of response and adequate financial support are important since a delayed or underfunded reintegration process may skew options for SSR and limit flexibility. Ex- combatants may find employment in different parts of the formal or informal security sector. In such cases, clear criteria should be established to ensure that individuals with inappropriate backgrounds or training are not re-deployed within the security sector, weakening the effectiveness and legitimacy of relevant bodies. Appropriate re-training of personnel and processes that support vetting within reformed security institutions are therefore two examples where DDR and SSR efforts intersect.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1465, "Sentence":"One important element of the relationship between demobilization and SSR relates to the impor- tance of avoiding security vacuums.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR one important element relationship demobilization ssr relates impor tance avoiding security vacuum ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for linking DDR and SSR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Considering the relationship between DDR \u2018design\u2019 and the appropriate parameters of a state\u2019s security sector provides an important dimension to shape strategic decision making and thus to broader processes of national policy formulation and implementation. The con- siderations outlined below suggest ways that different components of DDR and SSR can relate to each other.Disarmament \\n Disarmament is not just a short term security measure designed to collect surplus weapons and ammunition. It is also implicitly part of a broader process of state regulation and con- trol over the transfer, trafficking and use of weapons within a national territory. As with civilian disarmament, disarming former combatants should be based on a level of confi- dence that can be fostered through broader SSR measures (such as police or corrections reform). These can contribute jointly to an increased level of community security and pro- vide the necessary reassurance that these weapons are no longer necessary. There are also direct linkages between disarmament of ex-combatants and efforts to strengthen border management capacities, particularly in light of unrestricted flows of arms (and combatants) across porous borders in conflict-prone regions.Demobilization \\n While often treated narrowly as a feature of DDR, demobilization can also be conceived within an SSR framework more generally. Where decisions affecting force size and structure provide for inefficient, unaffordable or abusive security structures this will undermine long term peace and security. Decisions should therefore be based on a rational, inclusive assess- ment by national actors of the objectives, role and values of the future security sector. One important element of the relationship between demobilization and SSR relates to the impor- tance of avoiding security vacuums. Ensuring that decisions on both the structures estab- lished to house the demobilization process and the return of demobilised ex-combatants are taken in parallel with complementary community law enforcement activities can miti- gate this concern. The security implications of cross-border flows of ex-combatants also highlight the positive relationship between demobilization and border security.Reintegration \\n Successful reintegration fulfils a common DDR\/SSR goal of ensuring a well-managed tran- sition of former combatants to civilian life while taking into account the needs of receiving communities. By contrast, failed reintegration can undermine SSR efforts by placing exces- sive pressures on police, courts and prisons while harming the security of the state and its citizens. Speed of response and adequate financial support are important since a delayed or underfunded reintegration process may skew options for SSR and limit flexibility. Ex- combatants may find employment in different parts of the formal or informal security sector. In such cases, clear criteria should be established to ensure that individuals with inappropriate backgrounds or training are not re-deployed within the security sector, weakening the effectiveness and legitimacy of relevant bodies. Appropriate re-training of personnel and processes that support vetting within reformed security institutions are therefore two examples where DDR and SSR efforts intersect.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1465, "Sentence":"Ensuring that decisions on both the structures estab- lished to house the demobilization process and the return of demobilised ex-combatants are taken in parallel with complementary community law enforcement activities can miti- gate this concern.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ensuring decision structure estab lished house demobilization process return demobilised excombatants taken parallel complementary community law enforcement activity miti gate concern ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for linking DDR and SSR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Considering the relationship between DDR \u2018design\u2019 and the appropriate parameters of a state\u2019s security sector provides an important dimension to shape strategic decision making and thus to broader processes of national policy formulation and implementation. The con- siderations outlined below suggest ways that different components of DDR and SSR can relate to each other.Disarmament \\n Disarmament is not just a short term security measure designed to collect surplus weapons and ammunition. It is also implicitly part of a broader process of state regulation and con- trol over the transfer, trafficking and use of weapons within a national territory. As with civilian disarmament, disarming former combatants should be based on a level of confi- dence that can be fostered through broader SSR measures (such as police or corrections reform). These can contribute jointly to an increased level of community security and pro- vide the necessary reassurance that these weapons are no longer necessary. There are also direct linkages between disarmament of ex-combatants and efforts to strengthen border management capacities, particularly in light of unrestricted flows of arms (and combatants) across porous borders in conflict-prone regions.Demobilization \\n While often treated narrowly as a feature of DDR, demobilization can also be conceived within an SSR framework more generally. Where decisions affecting force size and structure provide for inefficient, unaffordable or abusive security structures this will undermine long term peace and security. Decisions should therefore be based on a rational, inclusive assess- ment by national actors of the objectives, role and values of the future security sector. One important element of the relationship between demobilization and SSR relates to the impor- tance of avoiding security vacuums. Ensuring that decisions on both the structures estab- lished to house the demobilization process and the return of demobilised ex-combatants are taken in parallel with complementary community law enforcement activities can miti- gate this concern. The security implications of cross-border flows of ex-combatants also highlight the positive relationship between demobilization and border security.Reintegration \\n Successful reintegration fulfils a common DDR\/SSR goal of ensuring a well-managed tran- sition of former combatants to civilian life while taking into account the needs of receiving communities. By contrast, failed reintegration can undermine SSR efforts by placing exces- sive pressures on police, courts and prisons while harming the security of the state and its citizens. Speed of response and adequate financial support are important since a delayed or underfunded reintegration process may skew options for SSR and limit flexibility. Ex- combatants may find employment in different parts of the formal or informal security sector. In such cases, clear criteria should be established to ensure that individuals with inappropriate backgrounds or training are not re-deployed within the security sector, weakening the effectiveness and legitimacy of relevant bodies. Appropriate re-training of personnel and processes that support vetting within reformed security institutions are therefore two examples where DDR and SSR efforts intersect.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1465, "Sentence":"The security implications of cross-border flows of ex-combatants also highlight the positive relationship between demobilization and border security.Reintegration \\n Successful reintegration fulfils a common DDR\/SSR goal of ensuring a well-managed tran- sition of former combatants to civilian life while taking into account the needs of receiving communities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR security implication crossborder flow excombatants also highlight positive relationship demobilization border security.reintegration n successful reintegration fulfils common ddr\/ssr goal ensuring wellmanaged tran sition former combatant civilian life taking account need receiving community ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for linking DDR and SSR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Considering the relationship between DDR \u2018design\u2019 and the appropriate parameters of a state\u2019s security sector provides an important dimension to shape strategic decision making and thus to broader processes of national policy formulation and implementation. The con- siderations outlined below suggest ways that different components of DDR and SSR can relate to each other.Disarmament \\n Disarmament is not just a short term security measure designed to collect surplus weapons and ammunition. It is also implicitly part of a broader process of state regulation and con- trol over the transfer, trafficking and use of weapons within a national territory. As with civilian disarmament, disarming former combatants should be based on a level of confi- dence that can be fostered through broader SSR measures (such as police or corrections reform). These can contribute jointly to an increased level of community security and pro- vide the necessary reassurance that these weapons are no longer necessary. There are also direct linkages between disarmament of ex-combatants and efforts to strengthen border management capacities, particularly in light of unrestricted flows of arms (and combatants) across porous borders in conflict-prone regions.Demobilization \\n While often treated narrowly as a feature of DDR, demobilization can also be conceived within an SSR framework more generally. Where decisions affecting force size and structure provide for inefficient, unaffordable or abusive security structures this will undermine long term peace and security. Decisions should therefore be based on a rational, inclusive assess- ment by national actors of the objectives, role and values of the future security sector. One important element of the relationship between demobilization and SSR relates to the impor- tance of avoiding security vacuums. Ensuring that decisions on both the structures estab- lished to house the demobilization process and the return of demobilised ex-combatants are taken in parallel with complementary community law enforcement activities can miti- gate this concern. The security implications of cross-border flows of ex-combatants also highlight the positive relationship between demobilization and border security.Reintegration \\n Successful reintegration fulfils a common DDR\/SSR goal of ensuring a well-managed tran- sition of former combatants to civilian life while taking into account the needs of receiving communities. By contrast, failed reintegration can undermine SSR efforts by placing exces- sive pressures on police, courts and prisons while harming the security of the state and its citizens. Speed of response and adequate financial support are important since a delayed or underfunded reintegration process may skew options for SSR and limit flexibility. Ex- combatants may find employment in different parts of the formal or informal security sector. In such cases, clear criteria should be established to ensure that individuals with inappropriate backgrounds or training are not re-deployed within the security sector, weakening the effectiveness and legitimacy of relevant bodies. Appropriate re-training of personnel and processes that support vetting within reformed security institutions are therefore two examples where DDR and SSR efforts intersect.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1465, "Sentence":"By contrast, failed reintegration can undermine SSR efforts by placing exces- sive pressures on police, courts and prisons while harming the security of the state and its citizens.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR contrast failed reintegration undermine ssr effort placing exces sive pressure police court prison harming security state citizen ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for linking DDR and SSR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Considering the relationship between DDR \u2018design\u2019 and the appropriate parameters of a state\u2019s security sector provides an important dimension to shape strategic decision making and thus to broader processes of national policy formulation and implementation. The con- siderations outlined below suggest ways that different components of DDR and SSR can relate to each other.Disarmament \\n Disarmament is not just a short term security measure designed to collect surplus weapons and ammunition. It is also implicitly part of a broader process of state regulation and con- trol over the transfer, trafficking and use of weapons within a national territory. As with civilian disarmament, disarming former combatants should be based on a level of confi- dence that can be fostered through broader SSR measures (such as police or corrections reform). These can contribute jointly to an increased level of community security and pro- vide the necessary reassurance that these weapons are no longer necessary. There are also direct linkages between disarmament of ex-combatants and efforts to strengthen border management capacities, particularly in light of unrestricted flows of arms (and combatants) across porous borders in conflict-prone regions.Demobilization \\n While often treated narrowly as a feature of DDR, demobilization can also be conceived within an SSR framework more generally. Where decisions affecting force size and structure provide for inefficient, unaffordable or abusive security structures this will undermine long term peace and security. Decisions should therefore be based on a rational, inclusive assess- ment by national actors of the objectives, role and values of the future security sector. One important element of the relationship between demobilization and SSR relates to the impor- tance of avoiding security vacuums. Ensuring that decisions on both the structures estab- lished to house the demobilization process and the return of demobilised ex-combatants are taken in parallel with complementary community law enforcement activities can miti- gate this concern. The security implications of cross-border flows of ex-combatants also highlight the positive relationship between demobilization and border security.Reintegration \\n Successful reintegration fulfils a common DDR\/SSR goal of ensuring a well-managed tran- sition of former combatants to civilian life while taking into account the needs of receiving communities. By contrast, failed reintegration can undermine SSR efforts by placing exces- sive pressures on police, courts and prisons while harming the security of the state and its citizens. Speed of response and adequate financial support are important since a delayed or underfunded reintegration process may skew options for SSR and limit flexibility. Ex- combatants may find employment in different parts of the formal or informal security sector. In such cases, clear criteria should be established to ensure that individuals with inappropriate backgrounds or training are not re-deployed within the security sector, weakening the effectiveness and legitimacy of relevant bodies. Appropriate re-training of personnel and processes that support vetting within reformed security institutions are therefore two examples where DDR and SSR efforts intersect.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1465, "Sentence":"Speed of response and adequate financial support are important since a delayed or underfunded reintegration process may skew options for SSR and limit flexibility.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR speed response adequate financial support important since delayed underfunded reintegration process may skew option ssr limit flexibility ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for linking DDR and SSR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Considering the relationship between DDR \u2018design\u2019 and the appropriate parameters of a state\u2019s security sector provides an important dimension to shape strategic decision making and thus to broader processes of national policy formulation and implementation. The con- siderations outlined below suggest ways that different components of DDR and SSR can relate to each other.Disarmament \\n Disarmament is not just a short term security measure designed to collect surplus weapons and ammunition. It is also implicitly part of a broader process of state regulation and con- trol over the transfer, trafficking and use of weapons within a national territory. As with civilian disarmament, disarming former combatants should be based on a level of confi- dence that can be fostered through broader SSR measures (such as police or corrections reform). These can contribute jointly to an increased level of community security and pro- vide the necessary reassurance that these weapons are no longer necessary. There are also direct linkages between disarmament of ex-combatants and efforts to strengthen border management capacities, particularly in light of unrestricted flows of arms (and combatants) across porous borders in conflict-prone regions.Demobilization \\n While often treated narrowly as a feature of DDR, demobilization can also be conceived within an SSR framework more generally. Where decisions affecting force size and structure provide for inefficient, unaffordable or abusive security structures this will undermine long term peace and security. Decisions should therefore be based on a rational, inclusive assess- ment by national actors of the objectives, role and values of the future security sector. One important element of the relationship between demobilization and SSR relates to the impor- tance of avoiding security vacuums. Ensuring that decisions on both the structures estab- lished to house the demobilization process and the return of demobilised ex-combatants are taken in parallel with complementary community law enforcement activities can miti- gate this concern. The security implications of cross-border flows of ex-combatants also highlight the positive relationship between demobilization and border security.Reintegration \\n Successful reintegration fulfils a common DDR\/SSR goal of ensuring a well-managed tran- sition of former combatants to civilian life while taking into account the needs of receiving communities. By contrast, failed reintegration can undermine SSR efforts by placing exces- sive pressures on police, courts and prisons while harming the security of the state and its citizens. Speed of response and adequate financial support are important since a delayed or underfunded reintegration process may skew options for SSR and limit flexibility. Ex- combatants may find employment in different parts of the formal or informal security sector. In such cases, clear criteria should be established to ensure that individuals with inappropriate backgrounds or training are not re-deployed within the security sector, weakening the effectiveness and legitimacy of relevant bodies. Appropriate re-training of personnel and processes that support vetting within reformed security institutions are therefore two examples where DDR and SSR efforts intersect.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1465, "Sentence":"Ex- combatants may find employment in different parts of the formal or informal security sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ex combatant may find employment different part formal informal security sector ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for linking DDR and SSR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Considering the relationship between DDR \u2018design\u2019 and the appropriate parameters of a state\u2019s security sector provides an important dimension to shape strategic decision making and thus to broader processes of national policy formulation and implementation. The con- siderations outlined below suggest ways that different components of DDR and SSR can relate to each other.Disarmament \\n Disarmament is not just a short term security measure designed to collect surplus weapons and ammunition. It is also implicitly part of a broader process of state regulation and con- trol over the transfer, trafficking and use of weapons within a national territory. As with civilian disarmament, disarming former combatants should be based on a level of confi- dence that can be fostered through broader SSR measures (such as police or corrections reform). These can contribute jointly to an increased level of community security and pro- vide the necessary reassurance that these weapons are no longer necessary. There are also direct linkages between disarmament of ex-combatants and efforts to strengthen border management capacities, particularly in light of unrestricted flows of arms (and combatants) across porous borders in conflict-prone regions.Demobilization \\n While often treated narrowly as a feature of DDR, demobilization can also be conceived within an SSR framework more generally. Where decisions affecting force size and structure provide for inefficient, unaffordable or abusive security structures this will undermine long term peace and security. Decisions should therefore be based on a rational, inclusive assess- ment by national actors of the objectives, role and values of the future security sector. One important element of the relationship between demobilization and SSR relates to the impor- tance of avoiding security vacuums. Ensuring that decisions on both the structures estab- lished to house the demobilization process and the return of demobilised ex-combatants are taken in parallel with complementary community law enforcement activities can miti- gate this concern. The security implications of cross-border flows of ex-combatants also highlight the positive relationship between demobilization and border security.Reintegration \\n Successful reintegration fulfils a common DDR\/SSR goal of ensuring a well-managed tran- sition of former combatants to civilian life while taking into account the needs of receiving communities. By contrast, failed reintegration can undermine SSR efforts by placing exces- sive pressures on police, courts and prisons while harming the security of the state and its citizens. Speed of response and adequate financial support are important since a delayed or underfunded reintegration process may skew options for SSR and limit flexibility. Ex- combatants may find employment in different parts of the formal or informal security sector. In such cases, clear criteria should be established to ensure that individuals with inappropriate backgrounds or training are not re-deployed within the security sector, weakening the effectiveness and legitimacy of relevant bodies. Appropriate re-training of personnel and processes that support vetting within reformed security institutions are therefore two examples where DDR and SSR efforts intersect.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1465, "Sentence":"In such cases, clear criteria should be established to ensure that individuals with inappropriate backgrounds or training are not re-deployed within the security sector, weakening the effectiveness and legitimacy of relevant bodies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR case clear criterion established ensure individual inappropriate background training redeployed within security sector weakening effectiveness legitimacy relevant body ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"5. Rationale for linking DDR and SSR", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Considering the relationship between DDR \u2018design\u2019 and the appropriate parameters of a state\u2019s security sector provides an important dimension to shape strategic decision making and thus to broader processes of national policy formulation and implementation. The con- siderations outlined below suggest ways that different components of DDR and SSR can relate to each other.Disarmament \\n Disarmament is not just a short term security measure designed to collect surplus weapons and ammunition. It is also implicitly part of a broader process of state regulation and con- trol over the transfer, trafficking and use of weapons within a national territory. As with civilian disarmament, disarming former combatants should be based on a level of confi- dence that can be fostered through broader SSR measures (such as police or corrections reform). These can contribute jointly to an increased level of community security and pro- vide the necessary reassurance that these weapons are no longer necessary. There are also direct linkages between disarmament of ex-combatants and efforts to strengthen border management capacities, particularly in light of unrestricted flows of arms (and combatants) across porous borders in conflict-prone regions.Demobilization \\n While often treated narrowly as a feature of DDR, demobilization can also be conceived within an SSR framework more generally. Where decisions affecting force size and structure provide for inefficient, unaffordable or abusive security structures this will undermine long term peace and security. Decisions should therefore be based on a rational, inclusive assess- ment by national actors of the objectives, role and values of the future security sector. One important element of the relationship between demobilization and SSR relates to the impor- tance of avoiding security vacuums. Ensuring that decisions on both the structures estab- lished to house the demobilization process and the return of demobilised ex-combatants are taken in parallel with complementary community law enforcement activities can miti- gate this concern. The security implications of cross-border flows of ex-combatants also highlight the positive relationship between demobilization and border security.Reintegration \\n Successful reintegration fulfils a common DDR\/SSR goal of ensuring a well-managed tran- sition of former combatants to civilian life while taking into account the needs of receiving communities. By contrast, failed reintegration can undermine SSR efforts by placing exces- sive pressures on police, courts and prisons while harming the security of the state and its citizens. Speed of response and adequate financial support are important since a delayed or underfunded reintegration process may skew options for SSR and limit flexibility. Ex- combatants may find employment in different parts of the formal or informal security sector. In such cases, clear criteria should be established to ensure that individuals with inappropriate backgrounds or training are not re-deployed within the security sector, weakening the effectiveness and legitimacy of relevant bodies. Appropriate re-training of personnel and processes that support vetting within reformed security institutions are therefore two examples where DDR and SSR efforts intersect.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1465, "Sentence":"Appropriate re-training of personnel and processes that support vetting within reformed security institutions are therefore two examples where DDR and SSR efforts intersect.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR appropriate retraining personnel process support vetting within reformed security institution therefore two example ddr ssr effort intersect ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.1. People-centred and rights-based: DDR and SSR to improve the security of individuals and communities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The overarching principles for a comprehensive and coherent UN approach to DDR stress the need to be people-centred, flexible, transparent and accountable, nationally owned, integrated and well-planned. In the absence of a specific UN doctrine,10 the Secretary- General\u2019s Report on SSR is a significant departure because it provides a clear statement of the UN\u2019s general understanding of and approach to SSR. It is important that there is comple- mentarity between the two: shared principles provide a common basis in order to develop an integrated UN approach to DDR and SSR. This section reviews these shared principles in order to underline key elements that can support the development of synergies.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1466, "Sentence":"The overarching principles for a comprehensive and coherent UN approach to DDR stress the need to be people-centred, flexible, transparent and accountable, nationally owned, integrated and well-planned.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR overarching principle comprehensive coherent un approach ddr stress need peoplecentred flexible transparent accountable nationally owned integrated wellplanned ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.1. People-centred and rights-based: DDR and SSR to improve the security of individuals and communities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The overarching principles for a comprehensive and coherent UN approach to DDR stress the need to be people-centred, flexible, transparent and accountable, nationally owned, integrated and well-planned. In the absence of a specific UN doctrine,10 the Secretary- General\u2019s Report on SSR is a significant departure because it provides a clear statement of the UN\u2019s general understanding of and approach to SSR. It is important that there is comple- mentarity between the two: shared principles provide a common basis in order to develop an integrated UN approach to DDR and SSR. This section reviews these shared principles in order to underline key elements that can support the development of synergies.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1466, "Sentence":"In the absence of a specific UN doctrine,10 the Secretary- General\u2019s Report on SSR is a significant departure because it provides a clear statement of the UN\u2019s general understanding of and approach to SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR absence specific un doctrine10 secretary general \u2019 report ssr significant departure provides clear statement un \u2019 general understanding approach ssr ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.1. People-centred and rights-based: DDR and SSR to improve the security of individuals and communities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The overarching principles for a comprehensive and coherent UN approach to DDR stress the need to be people-centred, flexible, transparent and accountable, nationally owned, integrated and well-planned. In the absence of a specific UN doctrine,10 the Secretary- General\u2019s Report on SSR is a significant departure because it provides a clear statement of the UN\u2019s general understanding of and approach to SSR. It is important that there is comple- mentarity between the two: shared principles provide a common basis in order to develop an integrated UN approach to DDR and SSR. This section reviews these shared principles in order to underline key elements that can support the development of synergies.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1466, "Sentence":"It is important that there is comple- mentarity between the two: shared principles provide a common basis in order to develop an integrated UN approach to DDR and SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR important comple mentarity two shared principle provide common basis order develop integrated un approach ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.1. People-centred and rights-based: DDR and SSR to improve the security of individuals and communities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"The overarching principles for a comprehensive and coherent UN approach to DDR stress the need to be people-centred, flexible, transparent and accountable, nationally owned, integrated and well-planned. In the absence of a specific UN doctrine,10 the Secretary- General\u2019s Report on SSR is a significant departure because it provides a clear statement of the UN\u2019s general understanding of and approach to SSR. It is important that there is comple- mentarity between the two: shared principles provide a common basis in order to develop an integrated UN approach to DDR and SSR. This section reviews these shared principles in order to underline key elements that can support the development of synergies.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1466, "Sentence":"This section reviews these shared principles in order to underline key elements that can support the development of synergies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR section review shared principle order underline key element support development synergy ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"While a given DDR programme might generate important returns in terms of performance indicators (e.g. numbers of weapons collected and ex-combatants reintegrated) this may not translate into effective outcomes (e.g. improvements in real and perceived individual or community security). Involving communities and local authorities in planning, implement- ing and monitoring interventions can potentially integrate efforts such as the community reintegration of former combatants with the provision of security at the local level in order to ensure that reintegration and SSR are complementary. Supporting the capacity of national armed and other security forces and line ministries can build morale, demonstrating a \u2018duty of care\u2019 through fair treatment.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1467, "Sentence":"While a given DDR programme might generate important returns in terms of performance indicators (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR given ddr programme might generate important return term performance indicator e.g ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"While a given DDR programme might generate important returns in terms of performance indicators (e.g. numbers of weapons collected and ex-combatants reintegrated) this may not translate into effective outcomes (e.g. improvements in real and perceived individual or community security). Involving communities and local authorities in planning, implement- ing and monitoring interventions can potentially integrate efforts such as the community reintegration of former combatants with the provision of security at the local level in order to ensure that reintegration and SSR are complementary. Supporting the capacity of national armed and other security forces and line ministries can build morale, demonstrating a \u2018duty of care\u2019 through fair treatment.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1467, "Sentence":"numbers of weapons collected and ex-combatants reintegrated) this may not translate into effective outcomes (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR number weapon collected excombatants reintegrated may translate effective outcome e.g ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"While a given DDR programme might generate important returns in terms of performance indicators (e.g. numbers of weapons collected and ex-combatants reintegrated) this may not translate into effective outcomes (e.g. improvements in real and perceived individual or community security). Involving communities and local authorities in planning, implement- ing and monitoring interventions can potentially integrate efforts such as the community reintegration of former combatants with the provision of security at the local level in order to ensure that reintegration and SSR are complementary. Supporting the capacity of national armed and other security forces and line ministries can build morale, demonstrating a \u2018duty of care\u2019 through fair treatment.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1467, "Sentence":"improvements in real and perceived individual or community security).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR improvement real perceived individual community security ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"While a given DDR programme might generate important returns in terms of performance indicators (e.g. numbers of weapons collected and ex-combatants reintegrated) this may not translate into effective outcomes (e.g. improvements in real and perceived individual or community security). Involving communities and local authorities in planning, implement- ing and monitoring interventions can potentially integrate efforts such as the community reintegration of former combatants with the provision of security at the local level in order to ensure that reintegration and SSR are complementary. Supporting the capacity of national armed and other security forces and line ministries can build morale, demonstrating a \u2018duty of care\u2019 through fair treatment.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1467, "Sentence":"Involving communities and local authorities in planning, implement- ing and monitoring interventions can potentially integrate efforts such as the community reintegration of former combatants with the provision of security at the local level in order to ensure that reintegration and SSR are complementary.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR involving community local authority planning implement ing monitoring intervention potentially integrate effort community reintegration former combatant provision security local level order ensure reintegration ssr complementary ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"While a given DDR programme might generate important returns in terms of performance indicators (e.g. numbers of weapons collected and ex-combatants reintegrated) this may not translate into effective outcomes (e.g. improvements in real and perceived individual or community security). Involving communities and local authorities in planning, implement- ing and monitoring interventions can potentially integrate efforts such as the community reintegration of former combatants with the provision of security at the local level in order to ensure that reintegration and SSR are complementary. Supporting the capacity of national armed and other security forces and line ministries can build morale, demonstrating a \u2018duty of care\u2019 through fair treatment.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1467, "Sentence":"Supporting the capacity of national armed and other security forces and line ministries can build morale, demonstrating a \u2018duty of care\u2019 through fair treatment.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR supporting capacity national armed security force line ministry build morale demonstrating \u2018 duty care \u2019 fair treatment ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.2. Flexibility: the importance of context and sequencing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR and SSR interventions need to be flexible and responsive to changing conditions on the ground. Policy guidance must build in the need to understand contextual factors and adjust to changing realities. Mapping relevant actors and understanding the opportunities and constraints posed by specific political, security and socio-economic factors are common requirements for DDR and SSR. Addressing these issues in assessments, ensuring that such knowledge informs both mediation support and negotiating processes, integrating it into the design of DDR and SSR programmes will help to ensure a common appreciation of what is realistic in a given context. Regular monitoring and evaluation should inform the sequencing of activities while avoiding inappropriate or insensitive approaches.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1468, "Sentence":"DDR and SSR interventions need to be flexible and responsive to changing conditions on the ground.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ddr ssr intervention need flexible responsive changing condition ground ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.2. Flexibility: the importance of context and sequencing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR and SSR interventions need to be flexible and responsive to changing conditions on the ground. Policy guidance must build in the need to understand contextual factors and adjust to changing realities. Mapping relevant actors and understanding the opportunities and constraints posed by specific political, security and socio-economic factors are common requirements for DDR and SSR. Addressing these issues in assessments, ensuring that such knowledge informs both mediation support and negotiating processes, integrating it into the design of DDR and SSR programmes will help to ensure a common appreciation of what is realistic in a given context. Regular monitoring and evaluation should inform the sequencing of activities while avoiding inappropriate or insensitive approaches.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1468, "Sentence":"Policy guidance must build in the need to understand contextual factors and adjust to changing realities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR policy guidance must build need understand contextual factor adjust changing reality ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.2. Flexibility: the importance of context and sequencing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR and SSR interventions need to be flexible and responsive to changing conditions on the ground. Policy guidance must build in the need to understand contextual factors and adjust to changing realities. Mapping relevant actors and understanding the opportunities and constraints posed by specific political, security and socio-economic factors are common requirements for DDR and SSR. Addressing these issues in assessments, ensuring that such knowledge informs both mediation support and negotiating processes, integrating it into the design of DDR and SSR programmes will help to ensure a common appreciation of what is realistic in a given context. Regular monitoring and evaluation should inform the sequencing of activities while avoiding inappropriate or insensitive approaches.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1468, "Sentence":"Mapping relevant actors and understanding the opportunities and constraints posed by specific political, security and socio-economic factors are common requirements for DDR and SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR mapping relevant actor understanding opportunity constraint posed specific political security socioeconomic factor common requirement ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.2. Flexibility: the importance of context and sequencing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR and SSR interventions need to be flexible and responsive to changing conditions on the ground. Policy guidance must build in the need to understand contextual factors and adjust to changing realities. Mapping relevant actors and understanding the opportunities and constraints posed by specific political, security and socio-economic factors are common requirements for DDR and SSR. Addressing these issues in assessments, ensuring that such knowledge informs both mediation support and negotiating processes, integrating it into the design of DDR and SSR programmes will help to ensure a common appreciation of what is realistic in a given context. Regular monitoring and evaluation should inform the sequencing of activities while avoiding inappropriate or insensitive approaches.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1468, "Sentence":"Addressing these issues in assessments, ensuring that such knowledge informs both mediation support and negotiating processes, integrating it into the design of DDR and SSR programmes will help to ensure a common appreciation of what is realistic in a given context.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR addressing issue assessment ensuring knowledge informs mediation support negotiating process integrating design ddr ssr programme help ensure common appreciation realistic given context ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.2. Flexibility: the importance of context and sequencing", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR and SSR interventions need to be flexible and responsive to changing conditions on the ground. Policy guidance must build in the need to understand contextual factors and adjust to changing realities. Mapping relevant actors and understanding the opportunities and constraints posed by specific political, security and socio-economic factors are common requirements for DDR and SSR. Addressing these issues in assessments, ensuring that such knowledge informs both mediation support and negotiating processes, integrating it into the design of DDR and SSR programmes will help to ensure a common appreciation of what is realistic in a given context. Regular monitoring and evaluation should inform the sequencing of activities while avoiding inappropriate or insensitive approaches.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1468, "Sentence":"Regular monitoring and evaluation should inform the sequencing of activities while avoiding inappropriate or insensitive approaches.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR regular monitoring evaluation inform sequencing activity avoiding inappropriate insensitive approach ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.3. Transparency and accountability: a good governance approach to DDR\/SSR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR and SSR conceived narrowly as technical support for military or other security bodies may fail to take sufficient account of the dynamic political environment within which these actors are situated. Emphasising the need to build or enhance the respective roles of the executive, legislative, judiciary as well as civil society will help to ensure that programmes are realistic, transparent and widely understood. Developing a nationally-driven picture of security needs in order to determine the scope and objectives of DDR is a lengthy and challenging process that may be too sensitive to address in the early post-conflict period. Avoiding rigid prescriptions is therefore important while identifying and applying mini- mum standards that should be non-negotiable.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1469, "Sentence":"DDR and SSR conceived narrowly as technical support for military or other security bodies may fail to take sufficient account of the dynamic political environment within which these actors are situated.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ddr ssr conceived narrowly technical support military security body may fail take sufficient account dynamic political environment within actor situated ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.3. Transparency and accountability: a good governance approach to DDR\/SSR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR and SSR conceived narrowly as technical support for military or other security bodies may fail to take sufficient account of the dynamic political environment within which these actors are situated. Emphasising the need to build or enhance the respective roles of the executive, legislative, judiciary as well as civil society will help to ensure that programmes are realistic, transparent and widely understood. Developing a nationally-driven picture of security needs in order to determine the scope and objectives of DDR is a lengthy and challenging process that may be too sensitive to address in the early post-conflict period. Avoiding rigid prescriptions is therefore important while identifying and applying mini- mum standards that should be non-negotiable.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1469, "Sentence":"Emphasising the need to build or enhance the respective roles of the executive, legislative, judiciary as well as civil society will help to ensure that programmes are realistic, transparent and widely understood.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR emphasising need build enhance respective role executive legislative judiciary well civil society help ensure programme realistic transparent widely understood ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.3. Transparency and accountability: a good governance approach to DDR\/SSR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR and SSR conceived narrowly as technical support for military or other security bodies may fail to take sufficient account of the dynamic political environment within which these actors are situated. Emphasising the need to build or enhance the respective roles of the executive, legislative, judiciary as well as civil society will help to ensure that programmes are realistic, transparent and widely understood. Developing a nationally-driven picture of security needs in order to determine the scope and objectives of DDR is a lengthy and challenging process that may be too sensitive to address in the early post-conflict period. Avoiding rigid prescriptions is therefore important while identifying and applying mini- mum standards that should be non-negotiable.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1469, "Sentence":"Developing a nationally-driven picture of security needs in order to determine the scope and objectives of DDR is a lengthy and challenging process that may be too sensitive to address in the early post-conflict period.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR developing nationallydriven picture security need order determine scope objective ddr lengthy challenging process may sensitive address early postconflict period ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.3. Transparency and accountability: a good governance approach to DDR\/SSR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"DDR and SSR conceived narrowly as technical support for military or other security bodies may fail to take sufficient account of the dynamic political environment within which these actors are situated. Emphasising the need to build or enhance the respective roles of the executive, legislative, judiciary as well as civil society will help to ensure that programmes are realistic, transparent and widely understood. Developing a nationally-driven picture of security needs in order to determine the scope and objectives of DDR is a lengthy and challenging process that may be too sensitive to address in the early post-conflict period. Avoiding rigid prescriptions is therefore important while identifying and applying mini- mum standards that should be non-negotiable.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1469, "Sentence":"Avoiding rigid prescriptions is therefore important while identifying and applying mini- mum standards that should be non-negotiable.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR avoiding rigid prescription therefore important identifying applying mini mum standard nonnegotiable ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.4. National ownership: legitimacy and the DDR\/SSR nexus", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"National ownership is a much broader concept than \u2018state\u2019 ownership and includes both state and non-state actors at national, regional and local levels. Seeking to involve as many former conflict parties as possible as well as groups that have been marginalised, or are generally under-represented on issues of security in DDR and SSR decision-making is particularly important. This contributes to ensuring that different segments of society feel part of this process. Participatory approaches provide a means to work through the conflict- ing interests of different domestic constituencies. Enhancing the capacity of national and regional authorities to manage, implement and oversee these programmes provides a cru- cial bridge from post-conflict stabilisation to longer term recovery and development by supporting the creation of skills that will remain once international support has been drawn down.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1470, "Sentence":"National ownership is a much broader concept than \u2018state\u2019 ownership and includes both state and non-state actors at national, regional and local levels.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR national ownership much broader concept \u2018 state \u2019 ownership includes state nonstate actor national regional local level ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.4. National ownership: legitimacy and the DDR\/SSR nexus", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"National ownership is a much broader concept than \u2018state\u2019 ownership and includes both state and non-state actors at national, regional and local levels. Seeking to involve as many former conflict parties as possible as well as groups that have been marginalised, or are generally under-represented on issues of security in DDR and SSR decision-making is particularly important. This contributes to ensuring that different segments of society feel part of this process. Participatory approaches provide a means to work through the conflict- ing interests of different domestic constituencies. Enhancing the capacity of national and regional authorities to manage, implement and oversee these programmes provides a cru- cial bridge from post-conflict stabilisation to longer term recovery and development by supporting the creation of skills that will remain once international support has been drawn down.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1470, "Sentence":"Seeking to involve as many former conflict parties as possible as well as groups that have been marginalised, or are generally under-represented on issues of security in DDR and SSR decision-making is particularly important.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR seeking involve many former conflict party possible well group marginalised generally underrepresented issue security ddr ssr decisionmaking particularly important ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.4. National ownership: legitimacy and the DDR\/SSR nexus", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"National ownership is a much broader concept than \u2018state\u2019 ownership and includes both state and non-state actors at national, regional and local levels. Seeking to involve as many former conflict parties as possible as well as groups that have been marginalised, or are generally under-represented on issues of security in DDR and SSR decision-making is particularly important. This contributes to ensuring that different segments of society feel part of this process. Participatory approaches provide a means to work through the conflict- ing interests of different domestic constituencies. Enhancing the capacity of national and regional authorities to manage, implement and oversee these programmes provides a cru- cial bridge from post-conflict stabilisation to longer term recovery and development by supporting the creation of skills that will remain once international support has been drawn down.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1470, "Sentence":"This contributes to ensuring that different segments of society feel part of this process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR contributes ensuring different segment society feel part process ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.4. National ownership: legitimacy and the DDR\/SSR nexus", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"National ownership is a much broader concept than \u2018state\u2019 ownership and includes both state and non-state actors at national, regional and local levels. Seeking to involve as many former conflict parties as possible as well as groups that have been marginalised, or are generally under-represented on issues of security in DDR and SSR decision-making is particularly important. This contributes to ensuring that different segments of society feel part of this process. Participatory approaches provide a means to work through the conflict- ing interests of different domestic constituencies. Enhancing the capacity of national and regional authorities to manage, implement and oversee these programmes provides a cru- cial bridge from post-conflict stabilisation to longer term recovery and development by supporting the creation of skills that will remain once international support has been drawn down.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1470, "Sentence":"Participatory approaches provide a means to work through the conflict- ing interests of different domestic constituencies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR participatory approach provide mean work conflict ing interest different domestic constituency ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.4. National ownership: legitimacy and the DDR\/SSR nexus", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"National ownership is a much broader concept than \u2018state\u2019 ownership and includes both state and non-state actors at national, regional and local levels. Seeking to involve as many former conflict parties as possible as well as groups that have been marginalised, or are generally under-represented on issues of security in DDR and SSR decision-making is particularly important. This contributes to ensuring that different segments of society feel part of this process. Participatory approaches provide a means to work through the conflict- ing interests of different domestic constituencies. Enhancing the capacity of national and regional authorities to manage, implement and oversee these programmes provides a cru- cial bridge from post-conflict stabilisation to longer term recovery and development by supporting the creation of skills that will remain once international support has been drawn down.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1470, "Sentence":"Enhancing the capacity of national and regional authorities to manage, implement and oversee these programmes provides a cru- cial bridge from post-conflict stabilisation to longer term recovery and development by supporting the creation of skills that will remain once international support has been drawn down.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR enhancing capacity national regional authority manage implement oversee programme provides cru cial bridge postconflict stabilisation longer term recovery development supporting creation skill remain international support drawn ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.5. Integration and planning: the importance of coordination & coherence .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The range of objectives and actors involved in DDR and SSR place particular emphasis on coordination issues. Failures to align activities may result in incoherent and potentially destructive outcomes. It is important to coordinate DDR and SSR and relate them to other post-conflict peacebuilding activities such as small arms and light weapons (SALW), transi- tional justice or mine action programmes. Due attention to context-specific issues of timing and sequencing is essential to ensure that the different activities do not become incompat- ible. The absence of adequate, timely and well-targeted funding provides a particularly acute challenge to sustainable, coherent DDR and SSR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1471, "Sentence":"The range of objectives and actors involved in DDR and SSR place particular emphasis on coordination issues.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR range objective actor involved ddr ssr place particular emphasis coordination issue ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.5. Integration and planning: the importance of coordination & coherence .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The range of objectives and actors involved in DDR and SSR place particular emphasis on coordination issues. Failures to align activities may result in incoherent and potentially destructive outcomes. It is important to coordinate DDR and SSR and relate them to other post-conflict peacebuilding activities such as small arms and light weapons (SALW), transi- tional justice or mine action programmes. Due attention to context-specific issues of timing and sequencing is essential to ensure that the different activities do not become incompat- ible. The absence of adequate, timely and well-targeted funding provides a particularly acute challenge to sustainable, coherent DDR and SSR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1471, "Sentence":"Failures to align activities may result in incoherent and potentially destructive outcomes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR failure align activity may result incoherent potentially destructive outcome ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.5. Integration and planning: the importance of coordination & coherence .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The range of objectives and actors involved in DDR and SSR place particular emphasis on coordination issues. Failures to align activities may result in incoherent and potentially destructive outcomes. It is important to coordinate DDR and SSR and relate them to other post-conflict peacebuilding activities such as small arms and light weapons (SALW), transi- tional justice or mine action programmes. Due attention to context-specific issues of timing and sequencing is essential to ensure that the different activities do not become incompat- ible. The absence of adequate, timely and well-targeted funding provides a particularly acute challenge to sustainable, coherent DDR and SSR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1471, "Sentence":"It is important to coordinate DDR and SSR and relate them to other post-conflict peacebuilding activities such as small arms and light weapons (SALW), transi- tional justice or mine action programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR important coordinate ddr ssr relate postconflict peacebuilding activity small arm light weapon salw transi tional justice mine action programme ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.5. Integration and planning: the importance of coordination & coherence .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The range of objectives and actors involved in DDR and SSR place particular emphasis on coordination issues. Failures to align activities may result in incoherent and potentially destructive outcomes. It is important to coordinate DDR and SSR and relate them to other post-conflict peacebuilding activities such as small arms and light weapons (SALW), transi- tional justice or mine action programmes. Due attention to context-specific issues of timing and sequencing is essential to ensure that the different activities do not become incompat- ible. The absence of adequate, timely and well-targeted funding provides a particularly acute challenge to sustainable, coherent DDR and SSR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1471, "Sentence":"Due attention to context-specific issues of timing and sequencing is essential to ensure that the different activities do not become incompat- ible.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR due attention contextspecific issue timing sequencing essential ensure different activity become incompat ible ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"6.5. Integration and planning: the importance of coordination & coherence .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The range of objectives and actors involved in DDR and SSR place particular emphasis on coordination issues. Failures to align activities may result in incoherent and potentially destructive outcomes. It is important to coordinate DDR and SSR and relate them to other post-conflict peacebuilding activities such as small arms and light weapons (SALW), transi- tional justice or mine action programmes. Due attention to context-specific issues of timing and sequencing is essential to ensure that the different activities do not become incompat- ible. The absence of adequate, timely and well-targeted funding provides a particularly acute challenge to sustainable, coherent DDR and SSR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1471, "Sentence":"The absence of adequate, timely and well-targeted funding provides a particularly acute challenge to sustainable, coherent DDR and SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR absence adequate timely welltargeted funding provides particularly acute challenge sustainable coherent ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"This section begins by identifying certain early areas of SSR support that can reinforce DDR activities (7.1-7.4) while preparing the ground for a more programmatic approach to SSR. An important element of the DDR-SSR nexus is the integration of ex-combatants into the reformed security sector. Particular emphasis is therefore put on issues relating to secu- rity sector integration (7.5-7.12).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1472, "Sentence":"This section begins by identifying certain early areas of SSR support that can reinforce DDR activities (7.1-7.4) while preparing the ground for a more programmatic approach to SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR section begin identifying certain early area ssr support reinforce ddr activity 7.17.4 preparing ground programmatic approach ssr ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"This section begins by identifying certain early areas of SSR support that can reinforce DDR activities (7.1-7.4) while preparing the ground for a more programmatic approach to SSR. An important element of the DDR-SSR nexus is the integration of ex-combatants into the reformed security sector. Particular emphasis is therefore put on issues relating to secu- rity sector integration (7.5-7.12).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1472, "Sentence":"An important element of the DDR-SSR nexus is the integration of ex-combatants into the reformed security sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR important element ddrssr nexus integration excombatants reformed security sector ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"This section begins by identifying certain early areas of SSR support that can reinforce DDR activities (7.1-7.4) while preparing the ground for a more programmatic approach to SSR. An important element of the DDR-SSR nexus is the integration of ex-combatants into the reformed security sector. Particular emphasis is therefore put on issues relating to secu- rity sector integration (7.5-7.12).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1472, "Sentence":"Particular emphasis is therefore put on issues relating to secu- rity sector integration (7.5-7.12).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR particular emphasis therefore put issue relating secu rity sector integration 7.57.12 ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.1. Disarmament and longer-term SSR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Reducing the availability of illegal weapons connects DDR and SSR to related security challenges such as wider civilian arms availability. In particular, there is a danger of \u2018leak- age\u2019 during transportation of weapons and ammunition gathered through disarmament processes or as a result of inadequately managed and controlled storage facilities. Failing to recognise these links may represent a missed opportunity to develop the awareness and capacity of the security sector to address security concerns related to the collection and management of weapon stocks (see IDDRS 2.20 on post-conflict stabilization, peace-building and recovery frameworks).Disarmament programmes should be complemented, where appropriate, by training and other activities to enhance law enforcement capacities and national control over weap- ons and ammunition stocks. The collection of arms through the disarmament component of the DDR programme may in certain cases provide an important source of weapons for reformed security forces. In such cases, disarmament may be considered a potential entry point for coordination between DDR and SSR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1473, "Sentence":"Reducing the availability of illegal weapons connects DDR and SSR to related security challenges such as wider civilian arms availability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR reducing availability illegal weapon connects ddr ssr related security challenge wider civilian arm availability ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.1. Disarmament and longer-term SSR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Reducing the availability of illegal weapons connects DDR and SSR to related security challenges such as wider civilian arms availability. In particular, there is a danger of \u2018leak- age\u2019 during transportation of weapons and ammunition gathered through disarmament processes or as a result of inadequately managed and controlled storage facilities. Failing to recognise these links may represent a missed opportunity to develop the awareness and capacity of the security sector to address security concerns related to the collection and management of weapon stocks (see IDDRS 2.20 on post-conflict stabilization, peace-building and recovery frameworks).Disarmament programmes should be complemented, where appropriate, by training and other activities to enhance law enforcement capacities and national control over weap- ons and ammunition stocks. The collection of arms through the disarmament component of the DDR programme may in certain cases provide an important source of weapons for reformed security forces. In such cases, disarmament may be considered a potential entry point for coordination between DDR and SSR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1473, "Sentence":"In particular, there is a danger of \u2018leak- age\u2019 during transportation of weapons and ammunition gathered through disarmament processes or as a result of inadequately managed and controlled storage facilities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR particular danger \u2018 leak age \u2019 transportation weapon ammunition gathered disarmament process result inadequately managed controlled storage facility ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.1. Disarmament and longer-term SSR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Reducing the availability of illegal weapons connects DDR and SSR to related security challenges such as wider civilian arms availability. In particular, there is a danger of \u2018leak- age\u2019 during transportation of weapons and ammunition gathered through disarmament processes or as a result of inadequately managed and controlled storage facilities. Failing to recognise these links may represent a missed opportunity to develop the awareness and capacity of the security sector to address security concerns related to the collection and management of weapon stocks (see IDDRS 2.20 on post-conflict stabilization, peace-building and recovery frameworks).Disarmament programmes should be complemented, where appropriate, by training and other activities to enhance law enforcement capacities and national control over weap- ons and ammunition stocks. The collection of arms through the disarmament component of the DDR programme may in certain cases provide an important source of weapons for reformed security forces. In such cases, disarmament may be considered a potential entry point for coordination between DDR and SSR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1473, "Sentence":"Failing to recognise these links may represent a missed opportunity to develop the awareness and capacity of the security sector to address security concerns related to the collection and management of weapon stocks (see IDDRS 2.20 on post-conflict stabilization, peace-building and recovery frameworks).Disarmament programmes should be complemented, where appropriate, by training and other activities to enhance law enforcement capacities and national control over weap- ons and ammunition stocks.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR failing recognise link may represent missed opportunity develop awareness capacity security sector address security concern related collection management weapon stock see iddrs 2.20 postconflict stabilization peacebuilding recovery frameworks.disarmament programme complemented appropriate training activity enhance law enforcement capacity national control weap ons ammunition stock ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.1. Disarmament and longer-term SSR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Reducing the availability of illegal weapons connects DDR and SSR to related security challenges such as wider civilian arms availability. In particular, there is a danger of \u2018leak- age\u2019 during transportation of weapons and ammunition gathered through disarmament processes or as a result of inadequately managed and controlled storage facilities. Failing to recognise these links may represent a missed opportunity to develop the awareness and capacity of the security sector to address security concerns related to the collection and management of weapon stocks (see IDDRS 2.20 on post-conflict stabilization, peace-building and recovery frameworks).Disarmament programmes should be complemented, where appropriate, by training and other activities to enhance law enforcement capacities and national control over weap- ons and ammunition stocks. The collection of arms through the disarmament component of the DDR programme may in certain cases provide an important source of weapons for reformed security forces. In such cases, disarmament may be considered a potential entry point for coordination between DDR and SSR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1473, "Sentence":"The collection of arms through the disarmament component of the DDR programme may in certain cases provide an important source of weapons for reformed security forces.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR collection arm disarmament component ddr programme may certain case provide important source weapon reformed security force ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.1. Disarmament and longer-term SSR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Reducing the availability of illegal weapons connects DDR and SSR to related security challenges such as wider civilian arms availability. In particular, there is a danger of \u2018leak- age\u2019 during transportation of weapons and ammunition gathered through disarmament processes or as a result of inadequately managed and controlled storage facilities. Failing to recognise these links may represent a missed opportunity to develop the awareness and capacity of the security sector to address security concerns related to the collection and management of weapon stocks (see IDDRS 2.20 on post-conflict stabilization, peace-building and recovery frameworks).Disarmament programmes should be complemented, where appropriate, by training and other activities to enhance law enforcement capacities and national control over weap- ons and ammunition stocks. The collection of arms through the disarmament component of the DDR programme may in certain cases provide an important source of weapons for reformed security forces. In such cases, disarmament may be considered a potential entry point for coordination between DDR and SSR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1473, "Sentence":"In such cases, disarmament may be considered a potential entry point for coordination between DDR and SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR case disarmament may considered potential entry point coordination ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.2. Illegal armed groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In cases where combatants are declared part of illegal groups, progress in police reform and relevant judicial functions can project deterrence and help ensure compliance with the DDR process. This role must be based on adequate police capacity to play such a supporting role (see Case Study Box 1).The role of the police in supporting DDR activities should be an element of joint plan- ning. In particular, decisions on police support to DDR should be based on their capacity to support the DDR programme. Where there are synergies to be realised, this should be reflected in resource allocation, training and priority setting for police reform activities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1474, "Sentence":"In cases where combatants are declared part of illegal groups, progress in police reform and relevant judicial functions can project deterrence and help ensure compliance with the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR case combatant declared part illegal group progress police reform relevant judicial function project deterrence help ensure compliance ddr process ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.2. Illegal armed groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In cases where combatants are declared part of illegal groups, progress in police reform and relevant judicial functions can project deterrence and help ensure compliance with the DDR process. This role must be based on adequate police capacity to play such a supporting role (see Case Study Box 1).The role of the police in supporting DDR activities should be an element of joint plan- ning. In particular, decisions on police support to DDR should be based on their capacity to support the DDR programme. Where there are synergies to be realised, this should be reflected in resource allocation, training and priority setting for police reform activities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1474, "Sentence":"This role must be based on adequate police capacity to play such a supporting role (see Case Study Box 1).The role of the police in supporting DDR activities should be an element of joint plan- ning.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR role must based adequate police capacity play supporting role see case study box 1.the role police supporting ddr activity element joint plan ning ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.2. Illegal armed groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In cases where combatants are declared part of illegal groups, progress in police reform and relevant judicial functions can project deterrence and help ensure compliance with the DDR process. This role must be based on adequate police capacity to play such a supporting role (see Case Study Box 1).The role of the police in supporting DDR activities should be an element of joint plan- ning. In particular, decisions on police support to DDR should be based on their capacity to support the DDR programme. Where there are synergies to be realised, this should be reflected in resource allocation, training and priority setting for police reform activities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1474, "Sentence":"In particular, decisions on police support to DDR should be based on their capacity to support the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR particular decision police support ddr based capacity support ddr programme ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.2. Illegal armed groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"In cases where combatants are declared part of illegal groups, progress in police reform and relevant judicial functions can project deterrence and help ensure compliance with the DDR process. This role must be based on adequate police capacity to play such a supporting role (see Case Study Box 1).The role of the police in supporting DDR activities should be an element of joint plan- ning. In particular, decisions on police support to DDR should be based on their capacity to support the DDR programme. Where there are synergies to be realised, this should be reflected in resource allocation, training and priority setting for police reform activities.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1474, "Sentence":"Where there are synergies to be realised, this should be reflected in resource allocation, training and priority setting for police reform activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR synergy realised reflected resource allocation training priority setting police reform activity ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.3. The disengagement process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A number of common DDR\/SSR concerns relate to the disengagement of ex-combatants. Rebel groups often inflate their numbers before or at the start of a DDR process due to financial incentives as well as to strengthen their negotiating position for terms of entry into the security sector. This practice can result in forced recruitment of individuals, including children, to increase the headcount. Security vacuums may be one further consequence of a disengagement process with the movement of ex-combatants to de- mobilization centres resulting in potential risks to communities. Analysis of context-specific security dynamics linked to the disengagement process should provide a common basis for DDR\/SSR decisions. When negotiating with rebel groups, criteria for integration to the security sector should be carefully set and not based simply on the number of people the group can round up (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design, Para 6.5.3.4). The requirement that chil- dren be released prior to negotiations on integration into the armed forces should be stip- ulated and enforced to discourage their forced recruitment (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). The risks of potential security vacuums as a result of the DDR process should provide a basis for joint DDR\/SSR coordination and planning.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1475, "Sentence":"A number of common DDR\/SSR concerns relate to the disengagement of ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR number common ddr\/ssr concern relate disengagement excombatants ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.3. The disengagement process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A number of common DDR\/SSR concerns relate to the disengagement of ex-combatants. Rebel groups often inflate their numbers before or at the start of a DDR process due to financial incentives as well as to strengthen their negotiating position for terms of entry into the security sector. This practice can result in forced recruitment of individuals, including children, to increase the headcount. Security vacuums may be one further consequence of a disengagement process with the movement of ex-combatants to de- mobilization centres resulting in potential risks to communities. Analysis of context-specific security dynamics linked to the disengagement process should provide a common basis for DDR\/SSR decisions. When negotiating with rebel groups, criteria for integration to the security sector should be carefully set and not based simply on the number of people the group can round up (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design, Para 6.5.3.4). The requirement that chil- dren be released prior to negotiations on integration into the armed forces should be stip- ulated and enforced to discourage their forced recruitment (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). The risks of potential security vacuums as a result of the DDR process should provide a basis for joint DDR\/SSR coordination and planning.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1475, "Sentence":"Rebel groups often inflate their numbers before or at the start of a DDR process due to financial incentives as well as to strengthen their negotiating position for terms of entry into the security sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR rebel group often inflate number start ddr process due financial incentive well strengthen negotiating position term entry security sector ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.3. The disengagement process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A number of common DDR\/SSR concerns relate to the disengagement of ex-combatants. Rebel groups often inflate their numbers before or at the start of a DDR process due to financial incentives as well as to strengthen their negotiating position for terms of entry into the security sector. This practice can result in forced recruitment of individuals, including children, to increase the headcount. Security vacuums may be one further consequence of a disengagement process with the movement of ex-combatants to de- mobilization centres resulting in potential risks to communities. Analysis of context-specific security dynamics linked to the disengagement process should provide a common basis for DDR\/SSR decisions. When negotiating with rebel groups, criteria for integration to the security sector should be carefully set and not based simply on the number of people the group can round up (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design, Para 6.5.3.4). The requirement that chil- dren be released prior to negotiations on integration into the armed forces should be stip- ulated and enforced to discourage their forced recruitment (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). The risks of potential security vacuums as a result of the DDR process should provide a basis for joint DDR\/SSR coordination and planning.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1475, "Sentence":"This practice can result in forced recruitment of individuals, including children, to increase the headcount.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR practice result forced recruitment individual including child increase headcount ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.3. The disengagement process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A number of common DDR\/SSR concerns relate to the disengagement of ex-combatants. Rebel groups often inflate their numbers before or at the start of a DDR process due to financial incentives as well as to strengthen their negotiating position for terms of entry into the security sector. This practice can result in forced recruitment of individuals, including children, to increase the headcount. Security vacuums may be one further consequence of a disengagement process with the movement of ex-combatants to de- mobilization centres resulting in potential risks to communities. Analysis of context-specific security dynamics linked to the disengagement process should provide a common basis for DDR\/SSR decisions. When negotiating with rebel groups, criteria for integration to the security sector should be carefully set and not based simply on the number of people the group can round up (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design, Para 6.5.3.4). The requirement that chil- dren be released prior to negotiations on integration into the armed forces should be stip- ulated and enforced to discourage their forced recruitment (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). The risks of potential security vacuums as a result of the DDR process should provide a basis for joint DDR\/SSR coordination and planning.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1475, "Sentence":"Security vacuums may be one further consequence of a disengagement process with the movement of ex-combatants to de- mobilization centres resulting in potential risks to communities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR security vacuum may one consequence disengagement process movement excombatants de mobilization centre resulting potential risk community ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.3. The disengagement process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A number of common DDR\/SSR concerns relate to the disengagement of ex-combatants. Rebel groups often inflate their numbers before or at the start of a DDR process due to financial incentives as well as to strengthen their negotiating position for terms of entry into the security sector. This practice can result in forced recruitment of individuals, including children, to increase the headcount. Security vacuums may be one further consequence of a disengagement process with the movement of ex-combatants to de- mobilization centres resulting in potential risks to communities. Analysis of context-specific security dynamics linked to the disengagement process should provide a common basis for DDR\/SSR decisions. When negotiating with rebel groups, criteria for integration to the security sector should be carefully set and not based simply on the number of people the group can round up (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design, Para 6.5.3.4). The requirement that chil- dren be released prior to negotiations on integration into the armed forces should be stip- ulated and enforced to discourage their forced recruitment (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). The risks of potential security vacuums as a result of the DDR process should provide a basis for joint DDR\/SSR coordination and planning.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1475, "Sentence":"Analysis of context-specific security dynamics linked to the disengagement process should provide a common basis for DDR\/SSR decisions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR analysis contextspecific security dynamic linked disengagement process provide common basis ddr\/ssr decision ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.3. The disengagement process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A number of common DDR\/SSR concerns relate to the disengagement of ex-combatants. Rebel groups often inflate their numbers before or at the start of a DDR process due to financial incentives as well as to strengthen their negotiating position for terms of entry into the security sector. This practice can result in forced recruitment of individuals, including children, to increase the headcount. Security vacuums may be one further consequence of a disengagement process with the movement of ex-combatants to de- mobilization centres resulting in potential risks to communities. Analysis of context-specific security dynamics linked to the disengagement process should provide a common basis for DDR\/SSR decisions. When negotiating with rebel groups, criteria for integration to the security sector should be carefully set and not based simply on the number of people the group can round up (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design, Para 6.5.3.4). The requirement that chil- dren be released prior to negotiations on integration into the armed forces should be stip- ulated and enforced to discourage their forced recruitment (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). The risks of potential security vacuums as a result of the DDR process should provide a basis for joint DDR\/SSR coordination and planning.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1475, "Sentence":"When negotiating with rebel groups, criteria for integration to the security sector should be carefully set and not based simply on the number of people the group can round up (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design, Para 6.5.3.4).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR negotiating rebel group criterion integration security sector carefully set based simply number people group round see iddrs 3.20 ddr programme design para 6.5.3.4 ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.3. The disengagement process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A number of common DDR\/SSR concerns relate to the disengagement of ex-combatants. Rebel groups often inflate their numbers before or at the start of a DDR process due to financial incentives as well as to strengthen their negotiating position for terms of entry into the security sector. This practice can result in forced recruitment of individuals, including children, to increase the headcount. Security vacuums may be one further consequence of a disengagement process with the movement of ex-combatants to de- mobilization centres resulting in potential risks to communities. Analysis of context-specific security dynamics linked to the disengagement process should provide a common basis for DDR\/SSR decisions. When negotiating with rebel groups, criteria for integration to the security sector should be carefully set and not based simply on the number of people the group can round up (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design, Para 6.5.3.4). The requirement that chil- dren be released prior to negotiations on integration into the armed forces should be stip- ulated and enforced to discourage their forced recruitment (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). The risks of potential security vacuums as a result of the DDR process should provide a basis for joint DDR\/SSR coordination and planning.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1475, "Sentence":"The requirement that chil- dren be released prior to negotiations on integration into the armed forces should be stip- ulated and enforced to discourage their forced recruitment (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR requirement chil dren released prior negotiation integration armed force stip ulated enforced discourage forced recruitment see iddrs 5.30 child ddr ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.3. The disengagement process", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"A number of common DDR\/SSR concerns relate to the disengagement of ex-combatants. Rebel groups often inflate their numbers before or at the start of a DDR process due to financial incentives as well as to strengthen their negotiating position for terms of entry into the security sector. This practice can result in forced recruitment of individuals, including children, to increase the headcount. Security vacuums may be one further consequence of a disengagement process with the movement of ex-combatants to de- mobilization centres resulting in potential risks to communities. Analysis of context-specific security dynamics linked to the disengagement process should provide a common basis for DDR\/SSR decisions. When negotiating with rebel groups, criteria for integration to the security sector should be carefully set and not based simply on the number of people the group can round up (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design, Para 6.5.3.4). The requirement that chil- dren be released prior to negotiations on integration into the armed forces should be stip- ulated and enforced to discourage their forced recruitment (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). The risks of potential security vacuums as a result of the DDR process should provide a basis for joint DDR\/SSR coordination and planning.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1475, "Sentence":"The risks of potential security vacuums as a result of the DDR process should provide a basis for joint DDR\/SSR coordination and planning.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR risk potential security vacuum result ddr process provide basis joint ddr\/ssr coordination planning ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.4. Natural resource exploitation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The illegal exploitation of natural resources creates an obstacle to effective DDR and under- mines prospects for economic recovery. Control over natural resources provides a resource base for continued recruitment of combatants and the prolonging of violence. Rebel groups are unlikely to agree to disarmament\/demobilization if that means losing control of valu- able land.SSR activities should address relevant training requirements necessary for targeting armed groups in control of natural resources. Mandates and resource allocation for national security forces should be elaborated and allocated, where appropriate, to focus on this priority.11 Shared conflict and security analysis that focuses on this issue should inform DDR\/SSR planning processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1476, "Sentence":"The illegal exploitation of natural resources creates an obstacle to effective DDR and under- mines prospects for economic recovery.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR illegal exploitation natural resource creates obstacle effective ddr mine prospect economic recovery ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.4. Natural resource exploitation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The illegal exploitation of natural resources creates an obstacle to effective DDR and under- mines prospects for economic recovery. Control over natural resources provides a resource base for continued recruitment of combatants and the prolonging of violence. Rebel groups are unlikely to agree to disarmament\/demobilization if that means losing control of valu- able land.SSR activities should address relevant training requirements necessary for targeting armed groups in control of natural resources. Mandates and resource allocation for national security forces should be elaborated and allocated, where appropriate, to focus on this priority.11 Shared conflict and security analysis that focuses on this issue should inform DDR\/SSR planning processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1476, "Sentence":"Control over natural resources provides a resource base for continued recruitment of combatants and the prolonging of violence.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR control natural resource provides resource base continued recruitment combatant prolonging violence ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.4. Natural resource exploitation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The illegal exploitation of natural resources creates an obstacle to effective DDR and under- mines prospects for economic recovery. Control over natural resources provides a resource base for continued recruitment of combatants and the prolonging of violence. Rebel groups are unlikely to agree to disarmament\/demobilization if that means losing control of valu- able land.SSR activities should address relevant training requirements necessary for targeting armed groups in control of natural resources. Mandates and resource allocation for national security forces should be elaborated and allocated, where appropriate, to focus on this priority.11 Shared conflict and security analysis that focuses on this issue should inform DDR\/SSR planning processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1476, "Sentence":"Rebel groups are unlikely to agree to disarmament\/demobilization if that means losing control of valu- able land.SSR activities should address relevant training requirements necessary for targeting armed groups in control of natural resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR rebel group unlikely agree disarmament\/demobilization mean losing control valu able land.ssr activity address relevant training requirement necessary targeting armed group control natural resource ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.4. Natural resource exploitation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"The illegal exploitation of natural resources creates an obstacle to effective DDR and under- mines prospects for economic recovery. Control over natural resources provides a resource base for continued recruitment of combatants and the prolonging of violence. Rebel groups are unlikely to agree to disarmament\/demobilization if that means losing control of valu- able land.SSR activities should address relevant training requirements necessary for targeting armed groups in control of natural resources. Mandates and resource allocation for national security forces should be elaborated and allocated, where appropriate, to focus on this priority.11 Shared conflict and security analysis that focuses on this issue should inform DDR\/SSR planning processes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1476, "Sentence":"Mandates and resource allocation for national security forces should be elaborated and allocated, where appropriate, to focus on this priority.11 Shared conflict and security analysis that focuses on this issue should inform DDR\/SSR planning processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR mandate resource allocation national security force elaborated allocated appropriate focus priority.11 shared conflict security analysis focus issue inform ddr\/ssr planning process ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.5. Rank harmonisation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Policies establishing a new rank structure for members of the reformed security sector may facilitate integration by supporting the creation of a new command structure. It is particu- larly important to address perceived inequities between different groups in order to avoid resulting security risks.Rank harmonisation processes should be based on clear provisions in a peace agreement or other legal documents and be planned in full consideration of the consequences this may have on security budgets (i.e. if too many high ranks are attributed to ex-combatants). Policies should be based on consideration of appropriate criteria for determining ranks, the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups and an agreed formula for conver- sion from former armed groups to members of the reformed security sector.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1477, "Sentence":"Policies establishing a new rank structure for members of the reformed security sector may facilitate integration by supporting the creation of a new command structure.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR policy establishing new rank structure member reformed security sector may facilitate integration supporting creation new command structure ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.5. Rank harmonisation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Policies establishing a new rank structure for members of the reformed security sector may facilitate integration by supporting the creation of a new command structure. It is particu- larly important to address perceived inequities between different groups in order to avoid resulting security risks.Rank harmonisation processes should be based on clear provisions in a peace agreement or other legal documents and be planned in full consideration of the consequences this may have on security budgets (i.e. if too many high ranks are attributed to ex-combatants). Policies should be based on consideration of appropriate criteria for determining ranks, the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups and an agreed formula for conver- sion from former armed groups to members of the reformed security sector.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1477, "Sentence":"It is particu- larly important to address perceived inequities between different groups in order to avoid resulting security risks.Rank harmonisation processes should be based on clear provisions in a peace agreement or other legal documents and be planned in full consideration of the consequences this may have on security budgets (i.e.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR particu larly important address perceived inequity different group order avoid resulting security risks.rank harmonisation process based clear provision peace agreement legal document planned full consideration consequence may security budget i.e ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.5. Rank harmonisation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Policies establishing a new rank structure for members of the reformed security sector may facilitate integration by supporting the creation of a new command structure. It is particu- larly important to address perceived inequities between different groups in order to avoid resulting security risks.Rank harmonisation processes should be based on clear provisions in a peace agreement or other legal documents and be planned in full consideration of the consequences this may have on security budgets (i.e. if too many high ranks are attributed to ex-combatants). Policies should be based on consideration of appropriate criteria for determining ranks, the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups and an agreed formula for conver- sion from former armed groups to members of the reformed security sector.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1477, "Sentence":"if too many high ranks are attributed to ex-combatants).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR many high rank attributed excombatants ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.5. Rank harmonisation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Policies establishing a new rank structure for members of the reformed security sector may facilitate integration by supporting the creation of a new command structure. It is particu- larly important to address perceived inequities between different groups in order to avoid resulting security risks.Rank harmonisation processes should be based on clear provisions in a peace agreement or other legal documents and be planned in full consideration of the consequences this may have on security budgets (i.e. if too many high ranks are attributed to ex-combatants). Policies should be based on consideration of appropriate criteria for determining ranks, the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups and an agreed formula for conver- sion from former armed groups to members of the reformed security sector.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1477, "Sentence":"Policies should be based on consideration of appropriate criteria for determining ranks, the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups and an agreed formula for conver- sion from former armed groups to members of the reformed security sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR policy based consideration appropriate criterion determining rank need affirmative action marginalised group agreed formula conver sion former armed group member reformed security sector ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.6. Data collection and management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"While the data capture at disarmament or demobilization points is designed to be utilised during reintegration, the early provision of relevant data can provide essential support to SSR processes. Sharing information can 1) help avoid multiple payments to ex-combatants registering for integration into more than one security sector institution, or for both inte- gration and reintegration; 2) provide the basis for a security sector census to help national authorities assess the number of ex-combatants that can realistically be accommodated within the security sector; 3) support human resource management by providing relevant information for the reform of security institutions; and 4) where appropriate, inform the vetting process for members of security sector institutions (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Extensive data is often collected during the demobilization stage (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization, Para 5.4). A mechanism for collecting and processing this information within the Management Information System (MIS) should capture information require- ments for both DDR and SSR and may also support related activities such as mine action (See Box 2). Relevant information should be used to support human resource and financial management needs for the security sector. (See Module 4.20 on Demobilization, Para 8.2, especially box on Military Information.) This may also support the work of those respon- sible for undertaking a census or vetting of security personnel. Guidelines should include confidentiality issues in order to mitigate against inappropriate use of information.Box 2 Examples of DDR information requirements relevant for SSR \\n Sex \\n Age \\n Health Status \\n Rank or command function(s) \\n Length of service \\n Education\/Training \\n Literacy (especially for integration into the police) \\n Weapons specialisations \\n Knowledge of location\/use of landmines \\n Location\/willingness to re-locate \\n Dependents \\n Photo \\n Biometric digital imprint", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1478, "Sentence":"While the data capture at disarmament or demobilization points is designed to be utilised during reintegration, the early provision of relevant data can provide essential support to SSR processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR data capture disarmament demobilization point designed utilised reintegration early provision relevant data provide essential support ssr process ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.6. Data collection and management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"While the data capture at disarmament or demobilization points is designed to be utilised during reintegration, the early provision of relevant data can provide essential support to SSR processes. Sharing information can 1) help avoid multiple payments to ex-combatants registering for integration into more than one security sector institution, or for both inte- gration and reintegration; 2) provide the basis for a security sector census to help national authorities assess the number of ex-combatants that can realistically be accommodated within the security sector; 3) support human resource management by providing relevant information for the reform of security institutions; and 4) where appropriate, inform the vetting process for members of security sector institutions (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Extensive data is often collected during the demobilization stage (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization, Para 5.4). A mechanism for collecting and processing this information within the Management Information System (MIS) should capture information require- ments for both DDR and SSR and may also support related activities such as mine action (See Box 2). Relevant information should be used to support human resource and financial management needs for the security sector. (See Module 4.20 on Demobilization, Para 8.2, especially box on Military Information.) This may also support the work of those respon- sible for undertaking a census or vetting of security personnel. Guidelines should include confidentiality issues in order to mitigate against inappropriate use of information.Box 2 Examples of DDR information requirements relevant for SSR \\n Sex \\n Age \\n Health Status \\n Rank or command function(s) \\n Length of service \\n Education\/Training \\n Literacy (especially for integration into the police) \\n Weapons specialisations \\n Knowledge of location\/use of landmines \\n Location\/willingness to re-locate \\n Dependents \\n Photo \\n Biometric digital imprint", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1478, "Sentence":"Sharing information can 1) help avoid multiple payments to ex-combatants registering for integration into more than one security sector institution, or for both inte- gration and reintegration; 2) provide the basis for a security sector census to help national authorities assess the number of ex-combatants that can realistically be accommodated within the security sector; 3) support human resource management by providing relevant information for the reform of security institutions; and 4) where appropriate, inform the vetting process for members of security sector institutions (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Extensive data is often collected during the demobilization stage (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization, Para 5.4).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR sharing information 1 help avoid multiple payment excombatants registering integration one security sector institution inte gration reintegration 2 provide basis security sector census help national authority ass number excombatants realistically accommodated within security sector 3 support human resource management providing relevant information reform security institution 4 appropriate inform vetting process member security sector institution see iddrs 6.20 ddr transitional justice.extensive data often collected demobilization stage see module 4.20 demobilization para 5.4 ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.6. Data collection and management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"While the data capture at disarmament or demobilization points is designed to be utilised during reintegration, the early provision of relevant data can provide essential support to SSR processes. Sharing information can 1) help avoid multiple payments to ex-combatants registering for integration into more than one security sector institution, or for both inte- gration and reintegration; 2) provide the basis for a security sector census to help national authorities assess the number of ex-combatants that can realistically be accommodated within the security sector; 3) support human resource management by providing relevant information for the reform of security institutions; and 4) where appropriate, inform the vetting process for members of security sector institutions (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Extensive data is often collected during the demobilization stage (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization, Para 5.4). A mechanism for collecting and processing this information within the Management Information System (MIS) should capture information require- ments for both DDR and SSR and may also support related activities such as mine action (See Box 2). Relevant information should be used to support human resource and financial management needs for the security sector. (See Module 4.20 on Demobilization, Para 8.2, especially box on Military Information.) This may also support the work of those respon- sible for undertaking a census or vetting of security personnel. Guidelines should include confidentiality issues in order to mitigate against inappropriate use of information.Box 2 Examples of DDR information requirements relevant for SSR \\n Sex \\n Age \\n Health Status \\n Rank or command function(s) \\n Length of service \\n Education\/Training \\n Literacy (especially for integration into the police) \\n Weapons specialisations \\n Knowledge of location\/use of landmines \\n Location\/willingness to re-locate \\n Dependents \\n Photo \\n Biometric digital imprint", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1478, "Sentence":"A mechanism for collecting and processing this information within the Management Information System (MIS) should capture information require- ments for both DDR and SSR and may also support related activities such as mine action (See Box 2).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR mechanism collecting processing information within management information system mi capture information require ments ddr ssr may also support related activity mine action see box 2 ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.6. Data collection and management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"While the data capture at disarmament or demobilization points is designed to be utilised during reintegration, the early provision of relevant data can provide essential support to SSR processes. Sharing information can 1) help avoid multiple payments to ex-combatants registering for integration into more than one security sector institution, or for both inte- gration and reintegration; 2) provide the basis for a security sector census to help national authorities assess the number of ex-combatants that can realistically be accommodated within the security sector; 3) support human resource management by providing relevant information for the reform of security institutions; and 4) where appropriate, inform the vetting process for members of security sector institutions (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Extensive data is often collected during the demobilization stage (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization, Para 5.4). A mechanism for collecting and processing this information within the Management Information System (MIS) should capture information require- ments for both DDR and SSR and may also support related activities such as mine action (See Box 2). Relevant information should be used to support human resource and financial management needs for the security sector. (See Module 4.20 on Demobilization, Para 8.2, especially box on Military Information.) This may also support the work of those respon- sible for undertaking a census or vetting of security personnel. Guidelines should include confidentiality issues in order to mitigate against inappropriate use of information.Box 2 Examples of DDR information requirements relevant for SSR \\n Sex \\n Age \\n Health Status \\n Rank or command function(s) \\n Length of service \\n Education\/Training \\n Literacy (especially for integration into the police) \\n Weapons specialisations \\n Knowledge of location\/use of landmines \\n Location\/willingness to re-locate \\n Dependents \\n Photo \\n Biometric digital imprint", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1478, "Sentence":"Relevant information should be used to support human resource and financial management needs for the security sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR relevant information used support human resource financial management need security sector ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.6. Data collection and management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"While the data capture at disarmament or demobilization points is designed to be utilised during reintegration, the early provision of relevant data can provide essential support to SSR processes. Sharing information can 1) help avoid multiple payments to ex-combatants registering for integration into more than one security sector institution, or for both inte- gration and reintegration; 2) provide the basis for a security sector census to help national authorities assess the number of ex-combatants that can realistically be accommodated within the security sector; 3) support human resource management by providing relevant information for the reform of security institutions; and 4) where appropriate, inform the vetting process for members of security sector institutions (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Extensive data is often collected during the demobilization stage (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization, Para 5.4). A mechanism for collecting and processing this information within the Management Information System (MIS) should capture information require- ments for both DDR and SSR and may also support related activities such as mine action (See Box 2). Relevant information should be used to support human resource and financial management needs for the security sector. (See Module 4.20 on Demobilization, Para 8.2, especially box on Military Information.) This may also support the work of those respon- sible for undertaking a census or vetting of security personnel. Guidelines should include confidentiality issues in order to mitigate against inappropriate use of information.Box 2 Examples of DDR information requirements relevant for SSR \\n Sex \\n Age \\n Health Status \\n Rank or command function(s) \\n Length of service \\n Education\/Training \\n Literacy (especially for integration into the police) \\n Weapons specialisations \\n Knowledge of location\/use of landmines \\n Location\/willingness to re-locate \\n Dependents \\n Photo \\n Biometric digital imprint", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1478, "Sentence":"(See Module 4.20 on Demobilization, Para 8.2, especially box on Military Information.)", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR see module 4.20 demobilization para 8.2 especially box military information ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.6. Data collection and management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"While the data capture at disarmament or demobilization points is designed to be utilised during reintegration, the early provision of relevant data can provide essential support to SSR processes. Sharing information can 1) help avoid multiple payments to ex-combatants registering for integration into more than one security sector institution, or for both inte- gration and reintegration; 2) provide the basis for a security sector census to help national authorities assess the number of ex-combatants that can realistically be accommodated within the security sector; 3) support human resource management by providing relevant information for the reform of security institutions; and 4) where appropriate, inform the vetting process for members of security sector institutions (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Extensive data is often collected during the demobilization stage (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization, Para 5.4). A mechanism for collecting and processing this information within the Management Information System (MIS) should capture information require- ments for both DDR and SSR and may also support related activities such as mine action (See Box 2). Relevant information should be used to support human resource and financial management needs for the security sector. (See Module 4.20 on Demobilization, Para 8.2, especially box on Military Information.) This may also support the work of those respon- sible for undertaking a census or vetting of security personnel. Guidelines should include confidentiality issues in order to mitigate against inappropriate use of information.Box 2 Examples of DDR information requirements relevant for SSR \\n Sex \\n Age \\n Health Status \\n Rank or command function(s) \\n Length of service \\n Education\/Training \\n Literacy (especially for integration into the police) \\n Weapons specialisations \\n Knowledge of location\/use of landmines \\n Location\/willingness to re-locate \\n Dependents \\n Photo \\n Biometric digital imprint", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1478, "Sentence":"This may also support the work of those respon- sible for undertaking a census or vetting of security personnel.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR may also support work respon sible undertaking census vetting security personnel ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.6. Data collection and management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"While the data capture at disarmament or demobilization points is designed to be utilised during reintegration, the early provision of relevant data can provide essential support to SSR processes. Sharing information can 1) help avoid multiple payments to ex-combatants registering for integration into more than one security sector institution, or for both inte- gration and reintegration; 2) provide the basis for a security sector census to help national authorities assess the number of ex-combatants that can realistically be accommodated within the security sector; 3) support human resource management by providing relevant information for the reform of security institutions; and 4) where appropriate, inform the vetting process for members of security sector institutions (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice).Extensive data is often collected during the demobilization stage (see Module 4.20 on Demobilization, Para 5.4). A mechanism for collecting and processing this information within the Management Information System (MIS) should capture information require- ments for both DDR and SSR and may also support related activities such as mine action (See Box 2). Relevant information should be used to support human resource and financial management needs for the security sector. (See Module 4.20 on Demobilization, Para 8.2, especially box on Military Information.) This may also support the work of those respon- sible for undertaking a census or vetting of security personnel. Guidelines should include confidentiality issues in order to mitigate against inappropriate use of information.Box 2 Examples of DDR information requirements relevant for SSR \\n Sex \\n Age \\n Health Status \\n Rank or command function(s) \\n Length of service \\n Education\/Training \\n Literacy (especially for integration into the police) \\n Weapons specialisations \\n Knowledge of location\/use of landmines \\n Location\/willingness to re-locate \\n Dependents \\n Photo \\n Biometric digital imprint", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1478, "Sentence":"Guidelines should include confidentiality issues in order to mitigate against inappropriate use of information.Box 2 Examples of DDR information requirements relevant for SSR \\n Sex \\n Age \\n Health Status \\n Rank or command function(s) \\n Length of service \\n Education\/Training \\n Literacy (especially for integration into the police) \\n Weapons specialisations \\n Knowledge of location\/use of landmines \\n Location\/willingness to re-locate \\n Dependents \\n Photo \\n Biometric digital imprint", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR guideline include confidentiality issue order mitigate inappropriate use information.box 2 example ddr information requirement relevant ssr n sex n age n health status n rank command function n length service n education\/training n literacy especially integration police n weapon specialisation n knowledge location\/use landmines n location\/willingness relocate n dependent n photo n biometric digital imprint" }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.7. Vetting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Vetting is a particularly contentious issue in many post-conflict contexts. However, sensi- tively conducted, it provides a means of enhancing the integrity of security sector institutions through ensuring that personnel have the appropriate background and skills.12 Failure to take into account issues relating to past conduct can undermine the development of effec- tive and accountable security institutions that are trusted by individuals and communities. The introduction of vetting programmes should be carefully considered in relation to minimum political conditions being met. These include sufficient political will and ade- quate national capacity to implement measures. Vetting processes should not single out ex-combatants but apply common criteria to all members of the vetted institution. Minimum requirements should include relevant skills or provision for re-training (particularly im- portant for ex-combatants integrated into reformed law enforcement bodies). Criteria should also include consideration of past conduct to ensure that known criminals, human rights abusers or perpetrators of war crimes are not admitted to the reformed security sector. (See IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1479, "Sentence":"Vetting is a particularly contentious issue in many post-conflict contexts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR vetting particularly contentious issue many postconflict context ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.7. Vetting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Vetting is a particularly contentious issue in many post-conflict contexts. However, sensi- tively conducted, it provides a means of enhancing the integrity of security sector institutions through ensuring that personnel have the appropriate background and skills.12 Failure to take into account issues relating to past conduct can undermine the development of effec- tive and accountable security institutions that are trusted by individuals and communities. The introduction of vetting programmes should be carefully considered in relation to minimum political conditions being met. These include sufficient political will and ade- quate national capacity to implement measures. Vetting processes should not single out ex-combatants but apply common criteria to all members of the vetted institution. Minimum requirements should include relevant skills or provision for re-training (particularly im- portant for ex-combatants integrated into reformed law enforcement bodies). Criteria should also include consideration of past conduct to ensure that known criminals, human rights abusers or perpetrators of war crimes are not admitted to the reformed security sector. (See IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1479, "Sentence":"However, sensi- tively conducted, it provides a means of enhancing the integrity of security sector institutions through ensuring that personnel have the appropriate background and skills.12 Failure to take into account issues relating to past conduct can undermine the development of effec- tive and accountable security institutions that are trusted by individuals and communities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR however sensi tively conducted provides mean enhancing integrity security sector institution ensuring personnel appropriate background skills.12 failure take account issue relating past conduct undermine development effec tive accountable security institution trusted individual community ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.7. Vetting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Vetting is a particularly contentious issue in many post-conflict contexts. However, sensi- tively conducted, it provides a means of enhancing the integrity of security sector institutions through ensuring that personnel have the appropriate background and skills.12 Failure to take into account issues relating to past conduct can undermine the development of effec- tive and accountable security institutions that are trusted by individuals and communities. The introduction of vetting programmes should be carefully considered in relation to minimum political conditions being met. These include sufficient political will and ade- quate national capacity to implement measures. Vetting processes should not single out ex-combatants but apply common criteria to all members of the vetted institution. Minimum requirements should include relevant skills or provision for re-training (particularly im- portant for ex-combatants integrated into reformed law enforcement bodies). Criteria should also include consideration of past conduct to ensure that known criminals, human rights abusers or perpetrators of war crimes are not admitted to the reformed security sector. (See IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1479, "Sentence":"The introduction of vetting programmes should be carefully considered in relation to minimum political conditions being met.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR introduction vetting programme carefully considered relation minimum political condition met ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.7. Vetting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Vetting is a particularly contentious issue in many post-conflict contexts. However, sensi- tively conducted, it provides a means of enhancing the integrity of security sector institutions through ensuring that personnel have the appropriate background and skills.12 Failure to take into account issues relating to past conduct can undermine the development of effec- tive and accountable security institutions that are trusted by individuals and communities. The introduction of vetting programmes should be carefully considered in relation to minimum political conditions being met. These include sufficient political will and ade- quate national capacity to implement measures. Vetting processes should not single out ex-combatants but apply common criteria to all members of the vetted institution. Minimum requirements should include relevant skills or provision for re-training (particularly im- portant for ex-combatants integrated into reformed law enforcement bodies). Criteria should also include consideration of past conduct to ensure that known criminals, human rights abusers or perpetrators of war crimes are not admitted to the reformed security sector. (See IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1479, "Sentence":"These include sufficient political will and ade- quate national capacity to implement measures.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR include sufficient political ade quate national capacity implement measure ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.7. Vetting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Vetting is a particularly contentious issue in many post-conflict contexts. However, sensi- tively conducted, it provides a means of enhancing the integrity of security sector institutions through ensuring that personnel have the appropriate background and skills.12 Failure to take into account issues relating to past conduct can undermine the development of effec- tive and accountable security institutions that are trusted by individuals and communities. The introduction of vetting programmes should be carefully considered in relation to minimum political conditions being met. These include sufficient political will and ade- quate national capacity to implement measures. Vetting processes should not single out ex-combatants but apply common criteria to all members of the vetted institution. Minimum requirements should include relevant skills or provision for re-training (particularly im- portant for ex-combatants integrated into reformed law enforcement bodies). Criteria should also include consideration of past conduct to ensure that known criminals, human rights abusers or perpetrators of war crimes are not admitted to the reformed security sector. (See IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1479, "Sentence":"Vetting processes should not single out ex-combatants but apply common criteria to all members of the vetted institution.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR vetting process single excombatants apply common criterion member vetted institution ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.7. Vetting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Vetting is a particularly contentious issue in many post-conflict contexts. However, sensi- tively conducted, it provides a means of enhancing the integrity of security sector institutions through ensuring that personnel have the appropriate background and skills.12 Failure to take into account issues relating to past conduct can undermine the development of effec- tive and accountable security institutions that are trusted by individuals and communities. The introduction of vetting programmes should be carefully considered in relation to minimum political conditions being met. These include sufficient political will and ade- quate national capacity to implement measures. Vetting processes should not single out ex-combatants but apply common criteria to all members of the vetted institution. Minimum requirements should include relevant skills or provision for re-training (particularly im- portant for ex-combatants integrated into reformed law enforcement bodies). Criteria should also include consideration of past conduct to ensure that known criminals, human rights abusers or perpetrators of war crimes are not admitted to the reformed security sector. (See IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1479, "Sentence":"Minimum requirements should include relevant skills or provision for re-training (particularly im- portant for ex-combatants integrated into reformed law enforcement bodies).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR minimum requirement include relevant skill provision retraining particularly im portant excombatants integrated reformed law enforcement body ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.7. Vetting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Vetting is a particularly contentious issue in many post-conflict contexts. However, sensi- tively conducted, it provides a means of enhancing the integrity of security sector institutions through ensuring that personnel have the appropriate background and skills.12 Failure to take into account issues relating to past conduct can undermine the development of effec- tive and accountable security institutions that are trusted by individuals and communities. The introduction of vetting programmes should be carefully considered in relation to minimum political conditions being met. These include sufficient political will and ade- quate national capacity to implement measures. Vetting processes should not single out ex-combatants but apply common criteria to all members of the vetted institution. Minimum requirements should include relevant skills or provision for re-training (particularly im- portant for ex-combatants integrated into reformed law enforcement bodies). Criteria should also include consideration of past conduct to ensure that known criminals, human rights abusers or perpetrators of war crimes are not admitted to the reformed security sector. (See IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1479, "Sentence":"Criteria should also include consideration of past conduct to ensure that known criminals, human rights abusers or perpetrators of war crimes are not admitted to the reformed security sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR criterion also include consideration past conduct ensure known criminal human right abuser perpetrator war crime admitted reformed security sector ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.7. Vetting", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Vetting is a particularly contentious issue in many post-conflict contexts. However, sensi- tively conducted, it provides a means of enhancing the integrity of security sector institutions through ensuring that personnel have the appropriate background and skills.12 Failure to take into account issues relating to past conduct can undermine the development of effec- tive and accountable security institutions that are trusted by individuals and communities. The introduction of vetting programmes should be carefully considered in relation to minimum political conditions being met. These include sufficient political will and ade- quate national capacity to implement measures. Vetting processes should not single out ex-combatants but apply common criteria to all members of the vetted institution. Minimum requirements should include relevant skills or provision for re-training (particularly im- portant for ex-combatants integrated into reformed law enforcement bodies). Criteria should also include consideration of past conduct to ensure that known criminals, human rights abusers or perpetrators of war crimes are not admitted to the reformed security sector. (See IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.)", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1479, "Sentence":"(See IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice.)", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR see iddrs 6.20 ddr transitional justice ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.8 Support to the integration of ex-combatants within the security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants that have been socialized to the use of violence in conflict require proper support and training to assist their transition from armed combatant to security provider. Moreover, high HIV infection rates are common in many uniformed services and can com- promise command structures and combat readiness. Increasingly, there are national policies of screening recruits and excluding those who are HIV-positive.In addition to identifying appropriate selection criteria for combatants eligible for inte- gration, ex-combatants should be provided with sufficient training and sensitization on behaviour change, and access to psychosocial support to enable a successful transition. Engaging in HIV\/AIDS prevention at the outset of DDR will help to reduce new infections, thus\u2014where national policies of HIV screening are in place\u2014increasing the pool of potential candidates for recruitment, as well as assisting in planning for alternative occupational support and training for those found to be HIV-positive (see IDDRS Module 5.60 on HIV\/ AIDS and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1480, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants that have been socialized to the use of violence in conflict require proper support and training to assist their transition from armed combatant to security provider.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR excombatants socialized use violence conflict require proper support training assist transition armed combatant security provider ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.8 Support to the integration of ex-combatants within the security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants that have been socialized to the use of violence in conflict require proper support and training to assist their transition from armed combatant to security provider. Moreover, high HIV infection rates are common in many uniformed services and can com- promise command structures and combat readiness. Increasingly, there are national policies of screening recruits and excluding those who are HIV-positive.In addition to identifying appropriate selection criteria for combatants eligible for inte- gration, ex-combatants should be provided with sufficient training and sensitization on behaviour change, and access to psychosocial support to enable a successful transition. Engaging in HIV\/AIDS prevention at the outset of DDR will help to reduce new infections, thus\u2014where national policies of HIV screening are in place\u2014increasing the pool of potential candidates for recruitment, as well as assisting in planning for alternative occupational support and training for those found to be HIV-positive (see IDDRS Module 5.60 on HIV\/ AIDS and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1480, "Sentence":"Moreover, high HIV infection rates are common in many uniformed services and can com- promise command structures and combat readiness.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR moreover high hiv infection rate common many uniformed service com promise command structure combat readiness ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.8 Support to the integration of ex-combatants within the security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants that have been socialized to the use of violence in conflict require proper support and training to assist their transition from armed combatant to security provider. Moreover, high HIV infection rates are common in many uniformed services and can com- promise command structures and combat readiness. Increasingly, there are national policies of screening recruits and excluding those who are HIV-positive.In addition to identifying appropriate selection criteria for combatants eligible for inte- gration, ex-combatants should be provided with sufficient training and sensitization on behaviour change, and access to psychosocial support to enable a successful transition. Engaging in HIV\/AIDS prevention at the outset of DDR will help to reduce new infections, thus\u2014where national policies of HIV screening are in place\u2014increasing the pool of potential candidates for recruitment, as well as assisting in planning for alternative occupational support and training for those found to be HIV-positive (see IDDRS Module 5.60 on HIV\/ AIDS and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1480, "Sentence":"Increasingly, there are national policies of screening recruits and excluding those who are HIV-positive.In addition to identifying appropriate selection criteria for combatants eligible for inte- gration, ex-combatants should be provided with sufficient training and sensitization on behaviour change, and access to psychosocial support to enable a successful transition.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR increasingly national policy screening recruit excluding hivpositive.in addition identifying appropriate selection criterion combatant eligible inte gration excombatants provided sufficient training sensitization behaviour change access psychosocial support enable successful transition ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.8 Support to the integration of ex-combatants within the security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":10, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants that have been socialized to the use of violence in conflict require proper support and training to assist their transition from armed combatant to security provider. Moreover, high HIV infection rates are common in many uniformed services and can com- promise command structures and combat readiness. Increasingly, there are national policies of screening recruits and excluding those who are HIV-positive.In addition to identifying appropriate selection criteria for combatants eligible for inte- gration, ex-combatants should be provided with sufficient training and sensitization on behaviour change, and access to psychosocial support to enable a successful transition. Engaging in HIV\/AIDS prevention at the outset of DDR will help to reduce new infections, thus\u2014where national policies of HIV screening are in place\u2014increasing the pool of potential candidates for recruitment, as well as assisting in planning for alternative occupational support and training for those found to be HIV-positive (see IDDRS Module 5.60 on HIV\/ AIDS and DDR).", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1480, "Sentence":"Engaging in HIV\/AIDS prevention at the outset of DDR will help to reduce new infections, thus\u2014where national policies of HIV screening are in place\u2014increasing the pool of potential candidates for recruitment, as well as assisting in planning for alternative occupational support and training for those found to be HIV-positive (see IDDRS Module 5.60 on HIV\/ AIDS and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR engaging hiv\/aids prevention outset ddr help reduce new infection thus\u2014where national policy hiv screening place\u2014increasing pool potential candidate recruitment well assisting planning alternative occupational support training found hivpositive see iddrs module 5.60 hiv\/ aid ddr ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.9. Balancing demobilisation and security sector integration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Offering ex-combatants a voluntary choice between integrating into the security sector and pursuing civilian livelihoods can, in certain cases, be problematic. Resulting challenges may include disproportionate numbers of officers compared to other ranks, or mismatches between national security priorities and the comparative advantages of different security providers. Excessive integration into the security sector may be unrealistic in relation to the absorptive capacity of these institutions as well as financial limitations and perceived security requirements. There is also a risk to community security if large numbers of ex- combatants return without the prospect of meaningful employment.Decisions on the incentives provided to ex-combatants registering for demobilization versus those registering for integration should be carefully considered to avoid unsustain- able outcomes. The financial and social benefits provided to each group should not therefore strongly favour one option over the other. Funding considerations should reflect national financial limitations in order to avoid unwanted course corrections. A communication strategy should be developed to ensure that options are clearly understood. Job counsel- ling\u2014presenting realistic career options\u2014may also reduce the risk of raising expectations among demobilised combatants entering into socio-economic programmes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 9.2).Case Study Box 2 Integration followed by rightsizing in Burundi \\n Disproportionate numbers may need to be included in integrated force structures as a transitional measure to \u2018buy the peace\u2019 while \u2018rightsizing\u2019 is left to a later stage. This may be a necessary short-term solution but can heighten tensions if expectations are not managed. In Burundi, a two-step approach was adopted with ex-combatants first integrated into the armed forces with many demobilised in a second round. While it can be argued that the integrated army supported the conduct of peaceful elections in 2005, this double-trigger mechanism has generated uncertainty, frustration and disappointment amongst those demobilised through the subsequent rightsizing: at the beginning of 2008, 900 soldiers refused compulsory demobilization. The process lacked transparency and the criteria used for assessing those to be demobilised (i.e. disciplinary records) have been questioned. Moreover, the fact that previously integrated combatants develop skills within newly integrated security bodies that are subsequently lost undermines longer term SSR goals", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1481, "Sentence":"Offering ex-combatants a voluntary choice between integrating into the security sector and pursuing civilian livelihoods can, in certain cases, be problematic.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR offering excombatants voluntary choice integrating security sector pursuing civilian livelihood certain case problematic ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.9. Balancing demobilisation and security sector integration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Offering ex-combatants a voluntary choice between integrating into the security sector and pursuing civilian livelihoods can, in certain cases, be problematic. Resulting challenges may include disproportionate numbers of officers compared to other ranks, or mismatches between national security priorities and the comparative advantages of different security providers. Excessive integration into the security sector may be unrealistic in relation to the absorptive capacity of these institutions as well as financial limitations and perceived security requirements. There is also a risk to community security if large numbers of ex- combatants return without the prospect of meaningful employment.Decisions on the incentives provided to ex-combatants registering for demobilization versus those registering for integration should be carefully considered to avoid unsustain- able outcomes. The financial and social benefits provided to each group should not therefore strongly favour one option over the other. Funding considerations should reflect national financial limitations in order to avoid unwanted course corrections. A communication strategy should be developed to ensure that options are clearly understood. Job counsel- ling\u2014presenting realistic career options\u2014may also reduce the risk of raising expectations among demobilised combatants entering into socio-economic programmes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 9.2).Case Study Box 2 Integration followed by rightsizing in Burundi \\n Disproportionate numbers may need to be included in integrated force structures as a transitional measure to \u2018buy the peace\u2019 while \u2018rightsizing\u2019 is left to a later stage. This may be a necessary short-term solution but can heighten tensions if expectations are not managed. In Burundi, a two-step approach was adopted with ex-combatants first integrated into the armed forces with many demobilised in a second round. While it can be argued that the integrated army supported the conduct of peaceful elections in 2005, this double-trigger mechanism has generated uncertainty, frustration and disappointment amongst those demobilised through the subsequent rightsizing: at the beginning of 2008, 900 soldiers refused compulsory demobilization. The process lacked transparency and the criteria used for assessing those to be demobilised (i.e. disciplinary records) have been questioned. Moreover, the fact that previously integrated combatants develop skills within newly integrated security bodies that are subsequently lost undermines longer term SSR goals", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1481, "Sentence":"Resulting challenges may include disproportionate numbers of officers compared to other ranks, or mismatches between national security priorities and the comparative advantages of different security providers.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR resulting challenge may include disproportionate number officer compared rank mismatch national security priority comparative advantage different security provider ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.9. Balancing demobilisation and security sector integration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Offering ex-combatants a voluntary choice between integrating into the security sector and pursuing civilian livelihoods can, in certain cases, be problematic. Resulting challenges may include disproportionate numbers of officers compared to other ranks, or mismatches between national security priorities and the comparative advantages of different security providers. Excessive integration into the security sector may be unrealistic in relation to the absorptive capacity of these institutions as well as financial limitations and perceived security requirements. There is also a risk to community security if large numbers of ex- combatants return without the prospect of meaningful employment.Decisions on the incentives provided to ex-combatants registering for demobilization versus those registering for integration should be carefully considered to avoid unsustain- able outcomes. The financial and social benefits provided to each group should not therefore strongly favour one option over the other. Funding considerations should reflect national financial limitations in order to avoid unwanted course corrections. A communication strategy should be developed to ensure that options are clearly understood. Job counsel- ling\u2014presenting realistic career options\u2014may also reduce the risk of raising expectations among demobilised combatants entering into socio-economic programmes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 9.2).Case Study Box 2 Integration followed by rightsizing in Burundi \\n Disproportionate numbers may need to be included in integrated force structures as a transitional measure to \u2018buy the peace\u2019 while \u2018rightsizing\u2019 is left to a later stage. This may be a necessary short-term solution but can heighten tensions if expectations are not managed. In Burundi, a two-step approach was adopted with ex-combatants first integrated into the armed forces with many demobilised in a second round. While it can be argued that the integrated army supported the conduct of peaceful elections in 2005, this double-trigger mechanism has generated uncertainty, frustration and disappointment amongst those demobilised through the subsequent rightsizing: at the beginning of 2008, 900 soldiers refused compulsory demobilization. The process lacked transparency and the criteria used for assessing those to be demobilised (i.e. disciplinary records) have been questioned. Moreover, the fact that previously integrated combatants develop skills within newly integrated security bodies that are subsequently lost undermines longer term SSR goals", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1481, "Sentence":"Excessive integration into the security sector may be unrealistic in relation to the absorptive capacity of these institutions as well as financial limitations and perceived security requirements.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR excessive integration security sector may unrealistic relation absorptive capacity institution well financial limitation perceived security requirement ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.9. Balancing demobilisation and security sector integration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Offering ex-combatants a voluntary choice between integrating into the security sector and pursuing civilian livelihoods can, in certain cases, be problematic. Resulting challenges may include disproportionate numbers of officers compared to other ranks, or mismatches between national security priorities and the comparative advantages of different security providers. Excessive integration into the security sector may be unrealistic in relation to the absorptive capacity of these institutions as well as financial limitations and perceived security requirements. There is also a risk to community security if large numbers of ex- combatants return without the prospect of meaningful employment.Decisions on the incentives provided to ex-combatants registering for demobilization versus those registering for integration should be carefully considered to avoid unsustain- able outcomes. The financial and social benefits provided to each group should not therefore strongly favour one option over the other. Funding considerations should reflect national financial limitations in order to avoid unwanted course corrections. A communication strategy should be developed to ensure that options are clearly understood. Job counsel- ling\u2014presenting realistic career options\u2014may also reduce the risk of raising expectations among demobilised combatants entering into socio-economic programmes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 9.2).Case Study Box 2 Integration followed by rightsizing in Burundi \\n Disproportionate numbers may need to be included in integrated force structures as a transitional measure to \u2018buy the peace\u2019 while \u2018rightsizing\u2019 is left to a later stage. This may be a necessary short-term solution but can heighten tensions if expectations are not managed. In Burundi, a two-step approach was adopted with ex-combatants first integrated into the armed forces with many demobilised in a second round. While it can be argued that the integrated army supported the conduct of peaceful elections in 2005, this double-trigger mechanism has generated uncertainty, frustration and disappointment amongst those demobilised through the subsequent rightsizing: at the beginning of 2008, 900 soldiers refused compulsory demobilization. The process lacked transparency and the criteria used for assessing those to be demobilised (i.e. disciplinary records) have been questioned. Moreover, the fact that previously integrated combatants develop skills within newly integrated security bodies that are subsequently lost undermines longer term SSR goals", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1481, "Sentence":"There is also a risk to community security if large numbers of ex- combatants return without the prospect of meaningful employment.Decisions on the incentives provided to ex-combatants registering for demobilization versus those registering for integration should be carefully considered to avoid unsustain- able outcomes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR also risk community security large number ex combatant return without prospect meaningful employment.decisions incentive provided excombatants registering demobilization versus registering integration carefully considered avoid unsustain able outcome ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.9. Balancing demobilisation and security sector integration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Offering ex-combatants a voluntary choice between integrating into the security sector and pursuing civilian livelihoods can, in certain cases, be problematic. Resulting challenges may include disproportionate numbers of officers compared to other ranks, or mismatches between national security priorities and the comparative advantages of different security providers. Excessive integration into the security sector may be unrealistic in relation to the absorptive capacity of these institutions as well as financial limitations and perceived security requirements. There is also a risk to community security if large numbers of ex- combatants return without the prospect of meaningful employment.Decisions on the incentives provided to ex-combatants registering for demobilization versus those registering for integration should be carefully considered to avoid unsustain- able outcomes. The financial and social benefits provided to each group should not therefore strongly favour one option over the other. Funding considerations should reflect national financial limitations in order to avoid unwanted course corrections. A communication strategy should be developed to ensure that options are clearly understood. Job counsel- ling\u2014presenting realistic career options\u2014may also reduce the risk of raising expectations among demobilised combatants entering into socio-economic programmes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 9.2).Case Study Box 2 Integration followed by rightsizing in Burundi \\n Disproportionate numbers may need to be included in integrated force structures as a transitional measure to \u2018buy the peace\u2019 while \u2018rightsizing\u2019 is left to a later stage. This may be a necessary short-term solution but can heighten tensions if expectations are not managed. In Burundi, a two-step approach was adopted with ex-combatants first integrated into the armed forces with many demobilised in a second round. While it can be argued that the integrated army supported the conduct of peaceful elections in 2005, this double-trigger mechanism has generated uncertainty, frustration and disappointment amongst those demobilised through the subsequent rightsizing: at the beginning of 2008, 900 soldiers refused compulsory demobilization. The process lacked transparency and the criteria used for assessing those to be demobilised (i.e. disciplinary records) have been questioned. Moreover, the fact that previously integrated combatants develop skills within newly integrated security bodies that are subsequently lost undermines longer term SSR goals", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1481, "Sentence":"The financial and social benefits provided to each group should not therefore strongly favour one option over the other.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR financial social benefit provided group therefore strongly favour one option ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.9. Balancing demobilisation and security sector integration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Offering ex-combatants a voluntary choice between integrating into the security sector and pursuing civilian livelihoods can, in certain cases, be problematic. Resulting challenges may include disproportionate numbers of officers compared to other ranks, or mismatches between national security priorities and the comparative advantages of different security providers. Excessive integration into the security sector may be unrealistic in relation to the absorptive capacity of these institutions as well as financial limitations and perceived security requirements. There is also a risk to community security if large numbers of ex- combatants return without the prospect of meaningful employment.Decisions on the incentives provided to ex-combatants registering for demobilization versus those registering for integration should be carefully considered to avoid unsustain- able outcomes. The financial and social benefits provided to each group should not therefore strongly favour one option over the other. Funding considerations should reflect national financial limitations in order to avoid unwanted course corrections. A communication strategy should be developed to ensure that options are clearly understood. Job counsel- ling\u2014presenting realistic career options\u2014may also reduce the risk of raising expectations among demobilised combatants entering into socio-economic programmes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 9.2).Case Study Box 2 Integration followed by rightsizing in Burundi \\n Disproportionate numbers may need to be included in integrated force structures as a transitional measure to \u2018buy the peace\u2019 while \u2018rightsizing\u2019 is left to a later stage. This may be a necessary short-term solution but can heighten tensions if expectations are not managed. In Burundi, a two-step approach was adopted with ex-combatants first integrated into the armed forces with many demobilised in a second round. While it can be argued that the integrated army supported the conduct of peaceful elections in 2005, this double-trigger mechanism has generated uncertainty, frustration and disappointment amongst those demobilised through the subsequent rightsizing: at the beginning of 2008, 900 soldiers refused compulsory demobilization. The process lacked transparency and the criteria used for assessing those to be demobilised (i.e. disciplinary records) have been questioned. Moreover, the fact that previously integrated combatants develop skills within newly integrated security bodies that are subsequently lost undermines longer term SSR goals", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1481, "Sentence":"Funding considerations should reflect national financial limitations in order to avoid unwanted course corrections.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR funding consideration reflect national financial limitation order avoid unwanted course correction ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.9. Balancing demobilisation and security sector integration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Offering ex-combatants a voluntary choice between integrating into the security sector and pursuing civilian livelihoods can, in certain cases, be problematic. Resulting challenges may include disproportionate numbers of officers compared to other ranks, or mismatches between national security priorities and the comparative advantages of different security providers. Excessive integration into the security sector may be unrealistic in relation to the absorptive capacity of these institutions as well as financial limitations and perceived security requirements. There is also a risk to community security if large numbers of ex- combatants return without the prospect of meaningful employment.Decisions on the incentives provided to ex-combatants registering for demobilization versus those registering for integration should be carefully considered to avoid unsustain- able outcomes. The financial and social benefits provided to each group should not therefore strongly favour one option over the other. Funding considerations should reflect national financial limitations in order to avoid unwanted course corrections. A communication strategy should be developed to ensure that options are clearly understood. Job counsel- ling\u2014presenting realistic career options\u2014may also reduce the risk of raising expectations among demobilised combatants entering into socio-economic programmes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 9.2).Case Study Box 2 Integration followed by rightsizing in Burundi \\n Disproportionate numbers may need to be included in integrated force structures as a transitional measure to \u2018buy the peace\u2019 while \u2018rightsizing\u2019 is left to a later stage. This may be a necessary short-term solution but can heighten tensions if expectations are not managed. In Burundi, a two-step approach was adopted with ex-combatants first integrated into the armed forces with many demobilised in a second round. While it can be argued that the integrated army supported the conduct of peaceful elections in 2005, this double-trigger mechanism has generated uncertainty, frustration and disappointment amongst those demobilised through the subsequent rightsizing: at the beginning of 2008, 900 soldiers refused compulsory demobilization. The process lacked transparency and the criteria used for assessing those to be demobilised (i.e. disciplinary records) have been questioned. Moreover, the fact that previously integrated combatants develop skills within newly integrated security bodies that are subsequently lost undermines longer term SSR goals", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1481, "Sentence":"A communication strategy should be developed to ensure that options are clearly understood.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR communication strategy developed ensure option clearly understood ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.9. Balancing demobilisation and security sector integration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Offering ex-combatants a voluntary choice between integrating into the security sector and pursuing civilian livelihoods can, in certain cases, be problematic. Resulting challenges may include disproportionate numbers of officers compared to other ranks, or mismatches between national security priorities and the comparative advantages of different security providers. Excessive integration into the security sector may be unrealistic in relation to the absorptive capacity of these institutions as well as financial limitations and perceived security requirements. There is also a risk to community security if large numbers of ex- combatants return without the prospect of meaningful employment.Decisions on the incentives provided to ex-combatants registering for demobilization versus those registering for integration should be carefully considered to avoid unsustain- able outcomes. The financial and social benefits provided to each group should not therefore strongly favour one option over the other. Funding considerations should reflect national financial limitations in order to avoid unwanted course corrections. A communication strategy should be developed to ensure that options are clearly understood. Job counsel- ling\u2014presenting realistic career options\u2014may also reduce the risk of raising expectations among demobilised combatants entering into socio-economic programmes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 9.2).Case Study Box 2 Integration followed by rightsizing in Burundi \\n Disproportionate numbers may need to be included in integrated force structures as a transitional measure to \u2018buy the peace\u2019 while \u2018rightsizing\u2019 is left to a later stage. This may be a necessary short-term solution but can heighten tensions if expectations are not managed. In Burundi, a two-step approach was adopted with ex-combatants first integrated into the armed forces with many demobilised in a second round. While it can be argued that the integrated army supported the conduct of peaceful elections in 2005, this double-trigger mechanism has generated uncertainty, frustration and disappointment amongst those demobilised through the subsequent rightsizing: at the beginning of 2008, 900 soldiers refused compulsory demobilization. The process lacked transparency and the criteria used for assessing those to be demobilised (i.e. disciplinary records) have been questioned. Moreover, the fact that previously integrated combatants develop skills within newly integrated security bodies that are subsequently lost undermines longer term SSR goals", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1481, "Sentence":"Job counsel- ling\u2014presenting realistic career options\u2014may also reduce the risk of raising expectations among demobilised combatants entering into socio-economic programmes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 9.2).Case Study Box 2 Integration followed by rightsizing in Burundi \\n Disproportionate numbers may need to be included in integrated force structures as a transitional measure to \u2018buy the peace\u2019 while \u2018rightsizing\u2019 is left to a later stage.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR job counsel ling\u2014presenting realistic career options\u2014may also reduce risk raising expectation among demobilised combatant entering socioeconomic programme see iddrs 4.30 social economic reintegration section 9.2.case study box 2 integration followed rightsizing burundi n disproportionate number may need included integrated force structure transitional measure \u2018 buy peace \u2019 \u2018 rightsizing \u2019 left later stage ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.9. Balancing demobilisation and security sector integration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Offering ex-combatants a voluntary choice between integrating into the security sector and pursuing civilian livelihoods can, in certain cases, be problematic. Resulting challenges may include disproportionate numbers of officers compared to other ranks, or mismatches between national security priorities and the comparative advantages of different security providers. Excessive integration into the security sector may be unrealistic in relation to the absorptive capacity of these institutions as well as financial limitations and perceived security requirements. There is also a risk to community security if large numbers of ex- combatants return without the prospect of meaningful employment.Decisions on the incentives provided to ex-combatants registering for demobilization versus those registering for integration should be carefully considered to avoid unsustain- able outcomes. The financial and social benefits provided to each group should not therefore strongly favour one option over the other. Funding considerations should reflect national financial limitations in order to avoid unwanted course corrections. A communication strategy should be developed to ensure that options are clearly understood. Job counsel- ling\u2014presenting realistic career options\u2014may also reduce the risk of raising expectations among demobilised combatants entering into socio-economic programmes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 9.2).Case Study Box 2 Integration followed by rightsizing in Burundi \\n Disproportionate numbers may need to be included in integrated force structures as a transitional measure to \u2018buy the peace\u2019 while \u2018rightsizing\u2019 is left to a later stage. This may be a necessary short-term solution but can heighten tensions if expectations are not managed. In Burundi, a two-step approach was adopted with ex-combatants first integrated into the armed forces with many demobilised in a second round. While it can be argued that the integrated army supported the conduct of peaceful elections in 2005, this double-trigger mechanism has generated uncertainty, frustration and disappointment amongst those demobilised through the subsequent rightsizing: at the beginning of 2008, 900 soldiers refused compulsory demobilization. The process lacked transparency and the criteria used for assessing those to be demobilised (i.e. disciplinary records) have been questioned. Moreover, the fact that previously integrated combatants develop skills within newly integrated security bodies that are subsequently lost undermines longer term SSR goals", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1481, "Sentence":"This may be a necessary short-term solution but can heighten tensions if expectations are not managed.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR may necessary shortterm solution heighten tension expectation managed ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.9. Balancing demobilisation and security sector integration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Offering ex-combatants a voluntary choice between integrating into the security sector and pursuing civilian livelihoods can, in certain cases, be problematic. Resulting challenges may include disproportionate numbers of officers compared to other ranks, or mismatches between national security priorities and the comparative advantages of different security providers. Excessive integration into the security sector may be unrealistic in relation to the absorptive capacity of these institutions as well as financial limitations and perceived security requirements. There is also a risk to community security if large numbers of ex- combatants return without the prospect of meaningful employment.Decisions on the incentives provided to ex-combatants registering for demobilization versus those registering for integration should be carefully considered to avoid unsustain- able outcomes. The financial and social benefits provided to each group should not therefore strongly favour one option over the other. Funding considerations should reflect national financial limitations in order to avoid unwanted course corrections. A communication strategy should be developed to ensure that options are clearly understood. Job counsel- ling\u2014presenting realistic career options\u2014may also reduce the risk of raising expectations among demobilised combatants entering into socio-economic programmes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 9.2).Case Study Box 2 Integration followed by rightsizing in Burundi \\n Disproportionate numbers may need to be included in integrated force structures as a transitional measure to \u2018buy the peace\u2019 while \u2018rightsizing\u2019 is left to a later stage. This may be a necessary short-term solution but can heighten tensions if expectations are not managed. In Burundi, a two-step approach was adopted with ex-combatants first integrated into the armed forces with many demobilised in a second round. While it can be argued that the integrated army supported the conduct of peaceful elections in 2005, this double-trigger mechanism has generated uncertainty, frustration and disappointment amongst those demobilised through the subsequent rightsizing: at the beginning of 2008, 900 soldiers refused compulsory demobilization. The process lacked transparency and the criteria used for assessing those to be demobilised (i.e. disciplinary records) have been questioned. Moreover, the fact that previously integrated combatants develop skills within newly integrated security bodies that are subsequently lost undermines longer term SSR goals", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1481, "Sentence":"In Burundi, a two-step approach was adopted with ex-combatants first integrated into the armed forces with many demobilised in a second round.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR burundi twostep approach adopted excombatants first integrated armed force many demobilised second round ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.9. Balancing demobilisation and security sector integration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Offering ex-combatants a voluntary choice between integrating into the security sector and pursuing civilian livelihoods can, in certain cases, be problematic. Resulting challenges may include disproportionate numbers of officers compared to other ranks, or mismatches between national security priorities and the comparative advantages of different security providers. Excessive integration into the security sector may be unrealistic in relation to the absorptive capacity of these institutions as well as financial limitations and perceived security requirements. There is also a risk to community security if large numbers of ex- combatants return without the prospect of meaningful employment.Decisions on the incentives provided to ex-combatants registering for demobilization versus those registering for integration should be carefully considered to avoid unsustain- able outcomes. The financial and social benefits provided to each group should not therefore strongly favour one option over the other. Funding considerations should reflect national financial limitations in order to avoid unwanted course corrections. A communication strategy should be developed to ensure that options are clearly understood. Job counsel- ling\u2014presenting realistic career options\u2014may also reduce the risk of raising expectations among demobilised combatants entering into socio-economic programmes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 9.2).Case Study Box 2 Integration followed by rightsizing in Burundi \\n Disproportionate numbers may need to be included in integrated force structures as a transitional measure to \u2018buy the peace\u2019 while \u2018rightsizing\u2019 is left to a later stage. This may be a necessary short-term solution but can heighten tensions if expectations are not managed. In Burundi, a two-step approach was adopted with ex-combatants first integrated into the armed forces with many demobilised in a second round. While it can be argued that the integrated army supported the conduct of peaceful elections in 2005, this double-trigger mechanism has generated uncertainty, frustration and disappointment amongst those demobilised through the subsequent rightsizing: at the beginning of 2008, 900 soldiers refused compulsory demobilization. The process lacked transparency and the criteria used for assessing those to be demobilised (i.e. disciplinary records) have been questioned. Moreover, the fact that previously integrated combatants develop skills within newly integrated security bodies that are subsequently lost undermines longer term SSR goals", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1481, "Sentence":"While it can be argued that the integrated army supported the conduct of peaceful elections in 2005, this double-trigger mechanism has generated uncertainty, frustration and disappointment amongst those demobilised through the subsequent rightsizing: at the beginning of 2008, 900 soldiers refused compulsory demobilization.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR argued integrated army supported conduct peaceful election 2005 doubletrigger mechanism generated uncertainty frustration disappointment amongst demobilised subsequent rightsizing beginning 2008 900 soldier refused compulsory demobilization ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.9. Balancing demobilisation and security sector integration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Offering ex-combatants a voluntary choice between integrating into the security sector and pursuing civilian livelihoods can, in certain cases, be problematic. Resulting challenges may include disproportionate numbers of officers compared to other ranks, or mismatches between national security priorities and the comparative advantages of different security providers. Excessive integration into the security sector may be unrealistic in relation to the absorptive capacity of these institutions as well as financial limitations and perceived security requirements. There is also a risk to community security if large numbers of ex- combatants return without the prospect of meaningful employment.Decisions on the incentives provided to ex-combatants registering for demobilization versus those registering for integration should be carefully considered to avoid unsustain- able outcomes. The financial and social benefits provided to each group should not therefore strongly favour one option over the other. Funding considerations should reflect national financial limitations in order to avoid unwanted course corrections. A communication strategy should be developed to ensure that options are clearly understood. Job counsel- ling\u2014presenting realistic career options\u2014may also reduce the risk of raising expectations among demobilised combatants entering into socio-economic programmes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 9.2).Case Study Box 2 Integration followed by rightsizing in Burundi \\n Disproportionate numbers may need to be included in integrated force structures as a transitional measure to \u2018buy the peace\u2019 while \u2018rightsizing\u2019 is left to a later stage. This may be a necessary short-term solution but can heighten tensions if expectations are not managed. In Burundi, a two-step approach was adopted with ex-combatants first integrated into the armed forces with many demobilised in a second round. While it can be argued that the integrated army supported the conduct of peaceful elections in 2005, this double-trigger mechanism has generated uncertainty, frustration and disappointment amongst those demobilised through the subsequent rightsizing: at the beginning of 2008, 900 soldiers refused compulsory demobilization. The process lacked transparency and the criteria used for assessing those to be demobilised (i.e. disciplinary records) have been questioned. Moreover, the fact that previously integrated combatants develop skills within newly integrated security bodies that are subsequently lost undermines longer term SSR goals", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1481, "Sentence":"The process lacked transparency and the criteria used for assessing those to be demobilised (i.e.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR process lacked transparency criterion used assessing demobilised i.e ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.9. Balancing demobilisation and security sector integration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Offering ex-combatants a voluntary choice between integrating into the security sector and pursuing civilian livelihoods can, in certain cases, be problematic. Resulting challenges may include disproportionate numbers of officers compared to other ranks, or mismatches between national security priorities and the comparative advantages of different security providers. Excessive integration into the security sector may be unrealistic in relation to the absorptive capacity of these institutions as well as financial limitations and perceived security requirements. There is also a risk to community security if large numbers of ex- combatants return without the prospect of meaningful employment.Decisions on the incentives provided to ex-combatants registering for demobilization versus those registering for integration should be carefully considered to avoid unsustain- able outcomes. The financial and social benefits provided to each group should not therefore strongly favour one option over the other. Funding considerations should reflect national financial limitations in order to avoid unwanted course corrections. A communication strategy should be developed to ensure that options are clearly understood. Job counsel- ling\u2014presenting realistic career options\u2014may also reduce the risk of raising expectations among demobilised combatants entering into socio-economic programmes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 9.2).Case Study Box 2 Integration followed by rightsizing in Burundi \\n Disproportionate numbers may need to be included in integrated force structures as a transitional measure to \u2018buy the peace\u2019 while \u2018rightsizing\u2019 is left to a later stage. This may be a necessary short-term solution but can heighten tensions if expectations are not managed. In Burundi, a two-step approach was adopted with ex-combatants first integrated into the armed forces with many demobilised in a second round. While it can be argued that the integrated army supported the conduct of peaceful elections in 2005, this double-trigger mechanism has generated uncertainty, frustration and disappointment amongst those demobilised through the subsequent rightsizing: at the beginning of 2008, 900 soldiers refused compulsory demobilization. The process lacked transparency and the criteria used for assessing those to be demobilised (i.e. disciplinary records) have been questioned. Moreover, the fact that previously integrated combatants develop skills within newly integrated security bodies that are subsequently lost undermines longer term SSR goals", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1481, "Sentence":"disciplinary records) have been questioned.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR disciplinary record questioned ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.9. Balancing demobilisation and security sector integration", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Offering ex-combatants a voluntary choice between integrating into the security sector and pursuing civilian livelihoods can, in certain cases, be problematic. Resulting challenges may include disproportionate numbers of officers compared to other ranks, or mismatches between national security priorities and the comparative advantages of different security providers. Excessive integration into the security sector may be unrealistic in relation to the absorptive capacity of these institutions as well as financial limitations and perceived security requirements. There is also a risk to community security if large numbers of ex- combatants return without the prospect of meaningful employment.Decisions on the incentives provided to ex-combatants registering for demobilization versus those registering for integration should be carefully considered to avoid unsustain- able outcomes. The financial and social benefits provided to each group should not therefore strongly favour one option over the other. Funding considerations should reflect national financial limitations in order to avoid unwanted course corrections. A communication strategy should be developed to ensure that options are clearly understood. Job counsel- ling\u2014presenting realistic career options\u2014may also reduce the risk of raising expectations among demobilised combatants entering into socio-economic programmes (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 9.2).Case Study Box 2 Integration followed by rightsizing in Burundi \\n Disproportionate numbers may need to be included in integrated force structures as a transitional measure to \u2018buy the peace\u2019 while \u2018rightsizing\u2019 is left to a later stage. This may be a necessary short-term solution but can heighten tensions if expectations are not managed. In Burundi, a two-step approach was adopted with ex-combatants first integrated into the armed forces with many demobilised in a second round. While it can be argued that the integrated army supported the conduct of peaceful elections in 2005, this double-trigger mechanism has generated uncertainty, frustration and disappointment amongst those demobilised through the subsequent rightsizing: at the beginning of 2008, 900 soldiers refused compulsory demobilization. The process lacked transparency and the criteria used for assessing those to be demobilised (i.e. disciplinary records) have been questioned. Moreover, the fact that previously integrated combatants develop skills within newly integrated security bodies that are subsequently lost undermines longer term SSR goals", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1481, "Sentence":"Moreover, the fact that previously integrated combatants develop skills within newly integrated security bodies that are subsequently lost undermines longer term SSR goals", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR moreover fact previously integrated combatant develop skill within newly integrated security body subsequently lost undermines longer term ssr goal" }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.10. Social conditions within the security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Research has shown that there is a link between (future) crimes committed by security forces and inadequate terms and conditions of service. Poor social conditions within the security sector may also contribute to an unbalanced distribution of ex-combatants between reinte- gration and security sector integration.SSR activities should focus from an early stage on addressing right-financing, man- agement and accountability in security budgeting. An important early measure may be to support the establishment of a chain of payments system to prevent the diversion of sala- ries and ensure prompt payment. These measures may be most effective if combined with a census of the armed and security forces (see Case Study Box 3). In parallel to the DDR process, efforts to enhance the knowledge base of groups responsible for oversight of the security sector should be supported. This may include visits of parliamentarians, repre- sentatives of the Ministry of Labour, the media and civil society organisations to security installations (including barracks).Case Study Box 3 The impact of the census and chain of payments system in the DRC \\n In the DRC, low or non-existent salaries within the army and police was a cause of disproportionate numbers of ex-combatants registering for reintegration as opposed to army integration. This resulted in a large backload in the payment of reinsertion benefits as well as difficulties in identifying reintegration opportunities for these ex-combatants. Two separate measures were taken to improve the overall human and financial management of the armed forces. A census of the army was conducted in 2008 which identified non-existent \u2018ghost soldiers.\u2019 Resulting savings benefited the army as a whole through an increase in overall salary levels. The \u2018chain of payments\u2019 system also had a similar effect of improving confidence in the system. The military chain of command was separated from the financial management process making it more difficult to re-route salary payments from their intended recipients. Resulting savings have led to improved terms and conditions for the soldiers, thus increasing incentives for ex-combatants choosing integration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1482, "Sentence":"Research has shown that there is a link between (future) crimes committed by security forces and inadequate terms and conditions of service.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR research shown link future crime committed security force inadequate term condition service ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.10. Social conditions within the security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Research has shown that there is a link between (future) crimes committed by security forces and inadequate terms and conditions of service. Poor social conditions within the security sector may also contribute to an unbalanced distribution of ex-combatants between reinte- gration and security sector integration.SSR activities should focus from an early stage on addressing right-financing, man- agement and accountability in security budgeting. An important early measure may be to support the establishment of a chain of payments system to prevent the diversion of sala- ries and ensure prompt payment. These measures may be most effective if combined with a census of the armed and security forces (see Case Study Box 3). In parallel to the DDR process, efforts to enhance the knowledge base of groups responsible for oversight of the security sector should be supported. This may include visits of parliamentarians, repre- sentatives of the Ministry of Labour, the media and civil society organisations to security installations (including barracks).Case Study Box 3 The impact of the census and chain of payments system in the DRC \\n In the DRC, low or non-existent salaries within the army and police was a cause of disproportionate numbers of ex-combatants registering for reintegration as opposed to army integration. This resulted in a large backload in the payment of reinsertion benefits as well as difficulties in identifying reintegration opportunities for these ex-combatants. Two separate measures were taken to improve the overall human and financial management of the armed forces. A census of the army was conducted in 2008 which identified non-existent \u2018ghost soldiers.\u2019 Resulting savings benefited the army as a whole through an increase in overall salary levels. The \u2018chain of payments\u2019 system also had a similar effect of improving confidence in the system. The military chain of command was separated from the financial management process making it more difficult to re-route salary payments from their intended recipients. Resulting savings have led to improved terms and conditions for the soldiers, thus increasing incentives for ex-combatants choosing integration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1482, "Sentence":"Poor social conditions within the security sector may also contribute to an unbalanced distribution of ex-combatants between reinte- gration and security sector integration.SSR activities should focus from an early stage on addressing right-financing, man- agement and accountability in security budgeting.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR poor social condition within security sector may also contribute unbalanced distribution excombatants reinte gration security sector integration.ssr activity focus early stage addressing rightfinancing man agement accountability security budgeting ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.10. Social conditions within the security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Research has shown that there is a link between (future) crimes committed by security forces and inadequate terms and conditions of service. Poor social conditions within the security sector may also contribute to an unbalanced distribution of ex-combatants between reinte- gration and security sector integration.SSR activities should focus from an early stage on addressing right-financing, man- agement and accountability in security budgeting. An important early measure may be to support the establishment of a chain of payments system to prevent the diversion of sala- ries and ensure prompt payment. These measures may be most effective if combined with a census of the armed and security forces (see Case Study Box 3). In parallel to the DDR process, efforts to enhance the knowledge base of groups responsible for oversight of the security sector should be supported. This may include visits of parliamentarians, repre- sentatives of the Ministry of Labour, the media and civil society organisations to security installations (including barracks).Case Study Box 3 The impact of the census and chain of payments system in the DRC \\n In the DRC, low or non-existent salaries within the army and police was a cause of disproportionate numbers of ex-combatants registering for reintegration as opposed to army integration. This resulted in a large backload in the payment of reinsertion benefits as well as difficulties in identifying reintegration opportunities for these ex-combatants. Two separate measures were taken to improve the overall human and financial management of the armed forces. A census of the army was conducted in 2008 which identified non-existent \u2018ghost soldiers.\u2019 Resulting savings benefited the army as a whole through an increase in overall salary levels. The \u2018chain of payments\u2019 system also had a similar effect of improving confidence in the system. The military chain of command was separated from the financial management process making it more difficult to re-route salary payments from their intended recipients. Resulting savings have led to improved terms and conditions for the soldiers, thus increasing incentives for ex-combatants choosing integration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1482, "Sentence":"An important early measure may be to support the establishment of a chain of payments system to prevent the diversion of sala- ries and ensure prompt payment.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR important early measure may support establishment chain payment system prevent diversion sala ries ensure prompt payment ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.10. Social conditions within the security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Research has shown that there is a link between (future) crimes committed by security forces and inadequate terms and conditions of service. Poor social conditions within the security sector may also contribute to an unbalanced distribution of ex-combatants between reinte- gration and security sector integration.SSR activities should focus from an early stage on addressing right-financing, man- agement and accountability in security budgeting. An important early measure may be to support the establishment of a chain of payments system to prevent the diversion of sala- ries and ensure prompt payment. These measures may be most effective if combined with a census of the armed and security forces (see Case Study Box 3). In parallel to the DDR process, efforts to enhance the knowledge base of groups responsible for oversight of the security sector should be supported. This may include visits of parliamentarians, repre- sentatives of the Ministry of Labour, the media and civil society organisations to security installations (including barracks).Case Study Box 3 The impact of the census and chain of payments system in the DRC \\n In the DRC, low or non-existent salaries within the army and police was a cause of disproportionate numbers of ex-combatants registering for reintegration as opposed to army integration. This resulted in a large backload in the payment of reinsertion benefits as well as difficulties in identifying reintegration opportunities for these ex-combatants. Two separate measures were taken to improve the overall human and financial management of the armed forces. A census of the army was conducted in 2008 which identified non-existent \u2018ghost soldiers.\u2019 Resulting savings benefited the army as a whole through an increase in overall salary levels. The \u2018chain of payments\u2019 system also had a similar effect of improving confidence in the system. The military chain of command was separated from the financial management process making it more difficult to re-route salary payments from their intended recipients. Resulting savings have led to improved terms and conditions for the soldiers, thus increasing incentives for ex-combatants choosing integration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1482, "Sentence":"These measures may be most effective if combined with a census of the armed and security forces (see Case Study Box 3).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR measure may effective combined census armed security force see case study box 3 ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.10. Social conditions within the security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Research has shown that there is a link between (future) crimes committed by security forces and inadequate terms and conditions of service. Poor social conditions within the security sector may also contribute to an unbalanced distribution of ex-combatants between reinte- gration and security sector integration.SSR activities should focus from an early stage on addressing right-financing, man- agement and accountability in security budgeting. An important early measure may be to support the establishment of a chain of payments system to prevent the diversion of sala- ries and ensure prompt payment. These measures may be most effective if combined with a census of the armed and security forces (see Case Study Box 3). In parallel to the DDR process, efforts to enhance the knowledge base of groups responsible for oversight of the security sector should be supported. This may include visits of parliamentarians, repre- sentatives of the Ministry of Labour, the media and civil society organisations to security installations (including barracks).Case Study Box 3 The impact of the census and chain of payments system in the DRC \\n In the DRC, low or non-existent salaries within the army and police was a cause of disproportionate numbers of ex-combatants registering for reintegration as opposed to army integration. This resulted in a large backload in the payment of reinsertion benefits as well as difficulties in identifying reintegration opportunities for these ex-combatants. Two separate measures were taken to improve the overall human and financial management of the armed forces. A census of the army was conducted in 2008 which identified non-existent \u2018ghost soldiers.\u2019 Resulting savings benefited the army as a whole through an increase in overall salary levels. The \u2018chain of payments\u2019 system also had a similar effect of improving confidence in the system. The military chain of command was separated from the financial management process making it more difficult to re-route salary payments from their intended recipients. Resulting savings have led to improved terms and conditions for the soldiers, thus increasing incentives for ex-combatants choosing integration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1482, "Sentence":"In parallel to the DDR process, efforts to enhance the knowledge base of groups responsible for oversight of the security sector should be supported.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR parallel ddr process effort enhance knowledge base group responsible oversight security sector supported ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.10. Social conditions within the security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Research has shown that there is a link between (future) crimes committed by security forces and inadequate terms and conditions of service. Poor social conditions within the security sector may also contribute to an unbalanced distribution of ex-combatants between reinte- gration and security sector integration.SSR activities should focus from an early stage on addressing right-financing, man- agement and accountability in security budgeting. An important early measure may be to support the establishment of a chain of payments system to prevent the diversion of sala- ries and ensure prompt payment. These measures may be most effective if combined with a census of the armed and security forces (see Case Study Box 3). In parallel to the DDR process, efforts to enhance the knowledge base of groups responsible for oversight of the security sector should be supported. This may include visits of parliamentarians, repre- sentatives of the Ministry of Labour, the media and civil society organisations to security installations (including barracks).Case Study Box 3 The impact of the census and chain of payments system in the DRC \\n In the DRC, low or non-existent salaries within the army and police was a cause of disproportionate numbers of ex-combatants registering for reintegration as opposed to army integration. This resulted in a large backload in the payment of reinsertion benefits as well as difficulties in identifying reintegration opportunities for these ex-combatants. Two separate measures were taken to improve the overall human and financial management of the armed forces. A census of the army was conducted in 2008 which identified non-existent \u2018ghost soldiers.\u2019 Resulting savings benefited the army as a whole through an increase in overall salary levels. The \u2018chain of payments\u2019 system also had a similar effect of improving confidence in the system. The military chain of command was separated from the financial management process making it more difficult to re-route salary payments from their intended recipients. Resulting savings have led to improved terms and conditions for the soldiers, thus increasing incentives for ex-combatants choosing integration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1482, "Sentence":"This may include visits of parliamentarians, repre- sentatives of the Ministry of Labour, the media and civil society organisations to security installations (including barracks).Case Study Box 3 The impact of the census and chain of payments system in the DRC \\n In the DRC, low or non-existent salaries within the army and police was a cause of disproportionate numbers of ex-combatants registering for reintegration as opposed to army integration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR may include visit parliamentarian repre sentatives ministry labour medium civil society organisation security installation including barracks.case study box 3 impact census chain payment system drc n drc low nonexistent salary within army police cause disproportionate number excombatants registering reintegration opposed army integration ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.10. Social conditions within the security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Research has shown that there is a link between (future) crimes committed by security forces and inadequate terms and conditions of service. Poor social conditions within the security sector may also contribute to an unbalanced distribution of ex-combatants between reinte- gration and security sector integration.SSR activities should focus from an early stage on addressing right-financing, man- agement and accountability in security budgeting. An important early measure may be to support the establishment of a chain of payments system to prevent the diversion of sala- ries and ensure prompt payment. These measures may be most effective if combined with a census of the armed and security forces (see Case Study Box 3). In parallel to the DDR process, efforts to enhance the knowledge base of groups responsible for oversight of the security sector should be supported. This may include visits of parliamentarians, repre- sentatives of the Ministry of Labour, the media and civil society organisations to security installations (including barracks).Case Study Box 3 The impact of the census and chain of payments system in the DRC \\n In the DRC, low or non-existent salaries within the army and police was a cause of disproportionate numbers of ex-combatants registering for reintegration as opposed to army integration. This resulted in a large backload in the payment of reinsertion benefits as well as difficulties in identifying reintegration opportunities for these ex-combatants. Two separate measures were taken to improve the overall human and financial management of the armed forces. A census of the army was conducted in 2008 which identified non-existent \u2018ghost soldiers.\u2019 Resulting savings benefited the army as a whole through an increase in overall salary levels. The \u2018chain of payments\u2019 system also had a similar effect of improving confidence in the system. The military chain of command was separated from the financial management process making it more difficult to re-route salary payments from their intended recipients. Resulting savings have led to improved terms and conditions for the soldiers, thus increasing incentives for ex-combatants choosing integration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1482, "Sentence":"This resulted in a large backload in the payment of reinsertion benefits as well as difficulties in identifying reintegration opportunities for these ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR resulted large backload payment reinsertion benefit well difficulty identifying reintegration opportunity excombatants ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.10. Social conditions within the security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Research has shown that there is a link between (future) crimes committed by security forces and inadequate terms and conditions of service. Poor social conditions within the security sector may also contribute to an unbalanced distribution of ex-combatants between reinte- gration and security sector integration.SSR activities should focus from an early stage on addressing right-financing, man- agement and accountability in security budgeting. An important early measure may be to support the establishment of a chain of payments system to prevent the diversion of sala- ries and ensure prompt payment. These measures may be most effective if combined with a census of the armed and security forces (see Case Study Box 3). In parallel to the DDR process, efforts to enhance the knowledge base of groups responsible for oversight of the security sector should be supported. This may include visits of parliamentarians, repre- sentatives of the Ministry of Labour, the media and civil society organisations to security installations (including barracks).Case Study Box 3 The impact of the census and chain of payments system in the DRC \\n In the DRC, low or non-existent salaries within the army and police was a cause of disproportionate numbers of ex-combatants registering for reintegration as opposed to army integration. This resulted in a large backload in the payment of reinsertion benefits as well as difficulties in identifying reintegration opportunities for these ex-combatants. Two separate measures were taken to improve the overall human and financial management of the armed forces. A census of the army was conducted in 2008 which identified non-existent \u2018ghost soldiers.\u2019 Resulting savings benefited the army as a whole through an increase in overall salary levels. The \u2018chain of payments\u2019 system also had a similar effect of improving confidence in the system. The military chain of command was separated from the financial management process making it more difficult to re-route salary payments from their intended recipients. Resulting savings have led to improved terms and conditions for the soldiers, thus increasing incentives for ex-combatants choosing integration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1482, "Sentence":"Two separate measures were taken to improve the overall human and financial management of the armed forces.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR two separate measure taken improve overall human financial management armed force ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.10. Social conditions within the security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Research has shown that there is a link between (future) crimes committed by security forces and inadequate terms and conditions of service. Poor social conditions within the security sector may also contribute to an unbalanced distribution of ex-combatants between reinte- gration and security sector integration.SSR activities should focus from an early stage on addressing right-financing, man- agement and accountability in security budgeting. An important early measure may be to support the establishment of a chain of payments system to prevent the diversion of sala- ries and ensure prompt payment. These measures may be most effective if combined with a census of the armed and security forces (see Case Study Box 3). In parallel to the DDR process, efforts to enhance the knowledge base of groups responsible for oversight of the security sector should be supported. This may include visits of parliamentarians, repre- sentatives of the Ministry of Labour, the media and civil society organisations to security installations (including barracks).Case Study Box 3 The impact of the census and chain of payments system in the DRC \\n In the DRC, low or non-existent salaries within the army and police was a cause of disproportionate numbers of ex-combatants registering for reintegration as opposed to army integration. This resulted in a large backload in the payment of reinsertion benefits as well as difficulties in identifying reintegration opportunities for these ex-combatants. Two separate measures were taken to improve the overall human and financial management of the armed forces. A census of the army was conducted in 2008 which identified non-existent \u2018ghost soldiers.\u2019 Resulting savings benefited the army as a whole through an increase in overall salary levels. The \u2018chain of payments\u2019 system also had a similar effect of improving confidence in the system. The military chain of command was separated from the financial management process making it more difficult to re-route salary payments from their intended recipients. Resulting savings have led to improved terms and conditions for the soldiers, thus increasing incentives for ex-combatants choosing integration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1482, "Sentence":"A census of the army was conducted in 2008 which identified non-existent \u2018ghost soldiers.\u2019 Resulting savings benefited the army as a whole through an increase in overall salary levels.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR census army conducted 2008 identified nonexistent \u2018 ghost soldiers. \u2019 resulting saving benefited army whole increase overall salary level ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.10. Social conditions within the security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Research has shown that there is a link between (future) crimes committed by security forces and inadequate terms and conditions of service. Poor social conditions within the security sector may also contribute to an unbalanced distribution of ex-combatants between reinte- gration and security sector integration.SSR activities should focus from an early stage on addressing right-financing, man- agement and accountability in security budgeting. An important early measure may be to support the establishment of a chain of payments system to prevent the diversion of sala- ries and ensure prompt payment. These measures may be most effective if combined with a census of the armed and security forces (see Case Study Box 3). In parallel to the DDR process, efforts to enhance the knowledge base of groups responsible for oversight of the security sector should be supported. This may include visits of parliamentarians, repre- sentatives of the Ministry of Labour, the media and civil society organisations to security installations (including barracks).Case Study Box 3 The impact of the census and chain of payments system in the DRC \\n In the DRC, low or non-existent salaries within the army and police was a cause of disproportionate numbers of ex-combatants registering for reintegration as opposed to army integration. This resulted in a large backload in the payment of reinsertion benefits as well as difficulties in identifying reintegration opportunities for these ex-combatants. Two separate measures were taken to improve the overall human and financial management of the armed forces. A census of the army was conducted in 2008 which identified non-existent \u2018ghost soldiers.\u2019 Resulting savings benefited the army as a whole through an increase in overall salary levels. The \u2018chain of payments\u2019 system also had a similar effect of improving confidence in the system. The military chain of command was separated from the financial management process making it more difficult to re-route salary payments from their intended recipients. Resulting savings have led to improved terms and conditions for the soldiers, thus increasing incentives for ex-combatants choosing integration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1482, "Sentence":"The \u2018chain of payments\u2019 system also had a similar effect of improving confidence in the system.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR \u2018 chain payment \u2019 system also similar effect improving confidence system ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.10. Social conditions within the security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Research has shown that there is a link between (future) crimes committed by security forces and inadequate terms and conditions of service. Poor social conditions within the security sector may also contribute to an unbalanced distribution of ex-combatants between reinte- gration and security sector integration.SSR activities should focus from an early stage on addressing right-financing, man- agement and accountability in security budgeting. An important early measure may be to support the establishment of a chain of payments system to prevent the diversion of sala- ries and ensure prompt payment. These measures may be most effective if combined with a census of the armed and security forces (see Case Study Box 3). In parallel to the DDR process, efforts to enhance the knowledge base of groups responsible for oversight of the security sector should be supported. This may include visits of parliamentarians, repre- sentatives of the Ministry of Labour, the media and civil society organisations to security installations (including barracks).Case Study Box 3 The impact of the census and chain of payments system in the DRC \\n In the DRC, low or non-existent salaries within the army and police was a cause of disproportionate numbers of ex-combatants registering for reintegration as opposed to army integration. This resulted in a large backload in the payment of reinsertion benefits as well as difficulties in identifying reintegration opportunities for these ex-combatants. Two separate measures were taken to improve the overall human and financial management of the armed forces. A census of the army was conducted in 2008 which identified non-existent \u2018ghost soldiers.\u2019 Resulting savings benefited the army as a whole through an increase in overall salary levels. The \u2018chain of payments\u2019 system also had a similar effect of improving confidence in the system. The military chain of command was separated from the financial management process making it more difficult to re-route salary payments from their intended recipients. Resulting savings have led to improved terms and conditions for the soldiers, thus increasing incentives for ex-combatants choosing integration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1482, "Sentence":"The military chain of command was separated from the financial management process making it more difficult to re-route salary payments from their intended recipients.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR military chain command separated financial management process making difficult reroute salary payment intended recipient ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.10. Social conditions within the security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Research has shown that there is a link between (future) crimes committed by security forces and inadequate terms and conditions of service. Poor social conditions within the security sector may also contribute to an unbalanced distribution of ex-combatants between reinte- gration and security sector integration.SSR activities should focus from an early stage on addressing right-financing, man- agement and accountability in security budgeting. An important early measure may be to support the establishment of a chain of payments system to prevent the diversion of sala- ries and ensure prompt payment. These measures may be most effective if combined with a census of the armed and security forces (see Case Study Box 3). In parallel to the DDR process, efforts to enhance the knowledge base of groups responsible for oversight of the security sector should be supported. This may include visits of parliamentarians, repre- sentatives of the Ministry of Labour, the media and civil society organisations to security installations (including barracks).Case Study Box 3 The impact of the census and chain of payments system in the DRC \\n In the DRC, low or non-existent salaries within the army and police was a cause of disproportionate numbers of ex-combatants registering for reintegration as opposed to army integration. This resulted in a large backload in the payment of reinsertion benefits as well as difficulties in identifying reintegration opportunities for these ex-combatants. Two separate measures were taken to improve the overall human and financial management of the armed forces. A census of the army was conducted in 2008 which identified non-existent \u2018ghost soldiers.\u2019 Resulting savings benefited the army as a whole through an increase in overall salary levels. The \u2018chain of payments\u2019 system also had a similar effect of improving confidence in the system. The military chain of command was separated from the financial management process making it more difficult to re-route salary payments from their intended recipients. Resulting savings have led to improved terms and conditions for the soldiers, thus increasing incentives for ex-combatants choosing integration.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1482, "Sentence":"Resulting savings have led to improved terms and conditions for the soldiers, thus increasing incentives for ex-combatants choosing integration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR resulting saving led improved term condition soldier thus increasing incentive excombatants choosing integration ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.11. Gender-responsive DDR and SSR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The absence of women from the security sector is not just discriminatory but can represent a lost opportunity to benefit from the different skill sets and approaches offered by women as security providers.13 Giving women the means and support to enter the DDR process should be linked to encouraging the full representation of women in the security sector and thus to meeting a key goal of Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Para 6.3). If female ex-combatants are not given adequate consideration in DDR processes, it is very unlikely they will be able to enter the security forces through the path of integration.Specific measures shall be undertaken to ensure that women are encouraged to enter the DDR process by taking measures to de-stigmatise female combatants, by making avail- able adequate facilities for women during disarmament and demobilization, and by provid- ing specialised reinsertion kits and appropriate reintegration options to women. Female ex-combatants should be informed of their options under the DDR and SSR processes and incentives for joining a DDR programme should be linked to the option of a career within the security sector when female ex-combatants demobilise. Consideration of the specific challenges female ex-combatants face during reintegration (stigma, non-conventional skill sets, trauma) should also be given when considering their integration into the security sector. Related SSR measures should ensure that reformed security institutions provide fair and equal treatment to female personnel including their special security and protection needs.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1483, "Sentence":"The absence of women from the security sector is not just discriminatory but can represent a lost opportunity to benefit from the different skill sets and approaches offered by women as security providers.13 Giving women the means and support to enter the DDR process should be linked to encouraging the full representation of women in the security sector and thus to meeting a key goal of Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Para 6.3).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR absence woman security sector discriminatory represent lost opportunity benefit different skill set approach offered woman security providers.13 giving woman mean support enter ddr process linked encouraging full representation woman security sector thus meeting key goal security council resolution 1325 2000 see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr para 6.3 ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.11. Gender-responsive DDR and SSR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The absence of women from the security sector is not just discriminatory but can represent a lost opportunity to benefit from the different skill sets and approaches offered by women as security providers.13 Giving women the means and support to enter the DDR process should be linked to encouraging the full representation of women in the security sector and thus to meeting a key goal of Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Para 6.3). If female ex-combatants are not given adequate consideration in DDR processes, it is very unlikely they will be able to enter the security forces through the path of integration.Specific measures shall be undertaken to ensure that women are encouraged to enter the DDR process by taking measures to de-stigmatise female combatants, by making avail- able adequate facilities for women during disarmament and demobilization, and by provid- ing specialised reinsertion kits and appropriate reintegration options to women. Female ex-combatants should be informed of their options under the DDR and SSR processes and incentives for joining a DDR programme should be linked to the option of a career within the security sector when female ex-combatants demobilise. Consideration of the specific challenges female ex-combatants face during reintegration (stigma, non-conventional skill sets, trauma) should also be given when considering their integration into the security sector. Related SSR measures should ensure that reformed security institutions provide fair and equal treatment to female personnel including their special security and protection needs.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1483, "Sentence":"If female ex-combatants are not given adequate consideration in DDR processes, it is very unlikely they will be able to enter the security forces through the path of integration.Specific measures shall be undertaken to ensure that women are encouraged to enter the DDR process by taking measures to de-stigmatise female combatants, by making avail- able adequate facilities for women during disarmament and demobilization, and by provid- ing specialised reinsertion kits and appropriate reintegration options to women.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR female excombatants given adequate consideration ddr process unlikely able enter security force path integration.specific measure shall undertaken ensure woman encouraged enter ddr process taking measure destigmatise female combatant making avail able adequate facility woman disarmament demobilization provid ing specialised reinsertion kit appropriate reintegration option woman ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.11. Gender-responsive DDR and SSR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The absence of women from the security sector is not just discriminatory but can represent a lost opportunity to benefit from the different skill sets and approaches offered by women as security providers.13 Giving women the means and support to enter the DDR process should be linked to encouraging the full representation of women in the security sector and thus to meeting a key goal of Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Para 6.3). If female ex-combatants are not given adequate consideration in DDR processes, it is very unlikely they will be able to enter the security forces through the path of integration.Specific measures shall be undertaken to ensure that women are encouraged to enter the DDR process by taking measures to de-stigmatise female combatants, by making avail- able adequate facilities for women during disarmament and demobilization, and by provid- ing specialised reinsertion kits and appropriate reintegration options to women. Female ex-combatants should be informed of their options under the DDR and SSR processes and incentives for joining a DDR programme should be linked to the option of a career within the security sector when female ex-combatants demobilise. Consideration of the specific challenges female ex-combatants face during reintegration (stigma, non-conventional skill sets, trauma) should also be given when considering their integration into the security sector. Related SSR measures should ensure that reformed security institutions provide fair and equal treatment to female personnel including their special security and protection needs.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1483, "Sentence":"Female ex-combatants should be informed of their options under the DDR and SSR processes and incentives for joining a DDR programme should be linked to the option of a career within the security sector when female ex-combatants demobilise.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR female excombatants informed option ddr ssr process incentive joining ddr programme linked option career within security sector female excombatants demobilise ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.11. Gender-responsive DDR and SSR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The absence of women from the security sector is not just discriminatory but can represent a lost opportunity to benefit from the different skill sets and approaches offered by women as security providers.13 Giving women the means and support to enter the DDR process should be linked to encouraging the full representation of women in the security sector and thus to meeting a key goal of Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Para 6.3). If female ex-combatants are not given adequate consideration in DDR processes, it is very unlikely they will be able to enter the security forces through the path of integration.Specific measures shall be undertaken to ensure that women are encouraged to enter the DDR process by taking measures to de-stigmatise female combatants, by making avail- able adequate facilities for women during disarmament and demobilization, and by provid- ing specialised reinsertion kits and appropriate reintegration options to women. Female ex-combatants should be informed of their options under the DDR and SSR processes and incentives for joining a DDR programme should be linked to the option of a career within the security sector when female ex-combatants demobilise. Consideration of the specific challenges female ex-combatants face during reintegration (stigma, non-conventional skill sets, trauma) should also be given when considering their integration into the security sector. Related SSR measures should ensure that reformed security institutions provide fair and equal treatment to female personnel including their special security and protection needs.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1483, "Sentence":"Consideration of the specific challenges female ex-combatants face during reintegration (stigma, non-conventional skill sets, trauma) should also be given when considering their integration into the security sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR consideration specific challenge female excombatants face reintegration stigma nonconventional skill set trauma also given considering integration security sector ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.11. Gender-responsive DDR and SSR", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"The absence of women from the security sector is not just discriminatory but can represent a lost opportunity to benefit from the different skill sets and approaches offered by women as security providers.13 Giving women the means and support to enter the DDR process should be linked to encouraging the full representation of women in the security sector and thus to meeting a key goal of Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR, Para 6.3). If female ex-combatants are not given adequate consideration in DDR processes, it is very unlikely they will be able to enter the security forces through the path of integration.Specific measures shall be undertaken to ensure that women are encouraged to enter the DDR process by taking measures to de-stigmatise female combatants, by making avail- able adequate facilities for women during disarmament and demobilization, and by provid- ing specialised reinsertion kits and appropriate reintegration options to women. Female ex-combatants should be informed of their options under the DDR and SSR processes and incentives for joining a DDR programme should be linked to the option of a career within the security sector when female ex-combatants demobilise. Consideration of the specific challenges female ex-combatants face during reintegration (stigma, non-conventional skill sets, trauma) should also be given when considering their integration into the security sector. Related SSR measures should ensure that reformed security institutions provide fair and equal treatment to female personnel including their special security and protection needs.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1483, "Sentence":"Related SSR measures should ensure that reformed security institutions provide fair and equal treatment to female personnel including their special security and protection needs.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR related ssr measure ensure reformed security institution provide fair equal treatment female personnel including special security protection need ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.12. Physical vs. mobile DDR structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"When considering demobilization based on semi-permanent (encampment) or mobile de- mobilization sites, a number of SSR-related factors should be taken into account. Mobile demobilization sites may offer greater flexibility for the DDR process as they are easier to set up, cheaper and may pose less of a security risk than encampment (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). On the other hand, the cantonment of ex-combatants in a physical struc- ture can provide for greater oversight and control in sites that may have longer term utility as part of an SSR process.Planning for demobilization sites should assess the availability of a capable and neutral security provider, paying particular attention to the safety of women, girls and vulnerable groups. Developing a communication strategy in partnership with community leaders should be encouraged in order to dispel misperceptions, better understand potential threats and build confidence. The potential long term use of demobilization sites may also be a factor in DDR planning. Investment in physical sites may be used post-DDR for SSR activities with semi-permanent sites subsequently converted into barracks, thus offering cost savings. Similarly, the infrastructure created under the auspices of a DDR programme to collect and manage weapons may support a longer term weapons procurement and storage system.Box 3 Action points for the transition from DDR to security sector integration \\n Integrate Information management \u2013 identify and include information requirements for both DDR and SSR when designing a Management Information System and establish mechanisms for information sharing. \\n Establish clear recruitment criteria \u2013 set specific criteria for integration into the security sector that reflect national security priorities and stipulate appropriate background\/skills. \\n Implement census and identification process \u2013 generate necessary baseline data to inform training needs, salary scales, equipment requirements, rank harmonisation policies etc. \\n Clarify roles and re-training requirements \u2013 of different security bodies and re-training for those with new roles within the system. \\n Ensure transparent chain of payments \u2013 for both ex-combatants integrated into the security sector and existing members. \\n Provide balanced benefits \u2013 consider how to balance benefits for entering the reintegration programme with those for integration into the security sector. \\n Support the transition from former combatant to security provider \u2013 through training, psychosocial support, and sensitization on behaviour change, GBV, and HIV", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1484, "Sentence":"When considering demobilization based on semi-permanent (encampment) or mobile de- mobilization sites, a number of SSR-related factors should be taken into account.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR considering demobilization based semipermanent encampment mobile de mobilization site number ssrrelated factor taken account ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.12. Physical vs. mobile DDR structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"When considering demobilization based on semi-permanent (encampment) or mobile de- mobilization sites, a number of SSR-related factors should be taken into account. Mobile demobilization sites may offer greater flexibility for the DDR process as they are easier to set up, cheaper and may pose less of a security risk than encampment (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). On the other hand, the cantonment of ex-combatants in a physical struc- ture can provide for greater oversight and control in sites that may have longer term utility as part of an SSR process.Planning for demobilization sites should assess the availability of a capable and neutral security provider, paying particular attention to the safety of women, girls and vulnerable groups. Developing a communication strategy in partnership with community leaders should be encouraged in order to dispel misperceptions, better understand potential threats and build confidence. The potential long term use of demobilization sites may also be a factor in DDR planning. Investment in physical sites may be used post-DDR for SSR activities with semi-permanent sites subsequently converted into barracks, thus offering cost savings. Similarly, the infrastructure created under the auspices of a DDR programme to collect and manage weapons may support a longer term weapons procurement and storage system.Box 3 Action points for the transition from DDR to security sector integration \\n Integrate Information management \u2013 identify and include information requirements for both DDR and SSR when designing a Management Information System and establish mechanisms for information sharing. \\n Establish clear recruitment criteria \u2013 set specific criteria for integration into the security sector that reflect national security priorities and stipulate appropriate background\/skills. \\n Implement census and identification process \u2013 generate necessary baseline data to inform training needs, salary scales, equipment requirements, rank harmonisation policies etc. \\n Clarify roles and re-training requirements \u2013 of different security bodies and re-training for those with new roles within the system. \\n Ensure transparent chain of payments \u2013 for both ex-combatants integrated into the security sector and existing members. \\n Provide balanced benefits \u2013 consider how to balance benefits for entering the reintegration programme with those for integration into the security sector. \\n Support the transition from former combatant to security provider \u2013 through training, psychosocial support, and sensitization on behaviour change, GBV, and HIV", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1484, "Sentence":"Mobile demobilization sites may offer greater flexibility for the DDR process as they are easier to set up, cheaper and may pose less of a security risk than encampment (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR mobile demobilization site may offer greater flexibility ddr process easier set cheaper may pose le security risk encampment see iddrs 4.20 demobilization ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.12. Physical vs. mobile DDR structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"When considering demobilization based on semi-permanent (encampment) or mobile de- mobilization sites, a number of SSR-related factors should be taken into account. Mobile demobilization sites may offer greater flexibility for the DDR process as they are easier to set up, cheaper and may pose less of a security risk than encampment (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). On the other hand, the cantonment of ex-combatants in a physical struc- ture can provide for greater oversight and control in sites that may have longer term utility as part of an SSR process.Planning for demobilization sites should assess the availability of a capable and neutral security provider, paying particular attention to the safety of women, girls and vulnerable groups. Developing a communication strategy in partnership with community leaders should be encouraged in order to dispel misperceptions, better understand potential threats and build confidence. The potential long term use of demobilization sites may also be a factor in DDR planning. Investment in physical sites may be used post-DDR for SSR activities with semi-permanent sites subsequently converted into barracks, thus offering cost savings. Similarly, the infrastructure created under the auspices of a DDR programme to collect and manage weapons may support a longer term weapons procurement and storage system.Box 3 Action points for the transition from DDR to security sector integration \\n Integrate Information management \u2013 identify and include information requirements for both DDR and SSR when designing a Management Information System and establish mechanisms for information sharing. \\n Establish clear recruitment criteria \u2013 set specific criteria for integration into the security sector that reflect national security priorities and stipulate appropriate background\/skills. \\n Implement census and identification process \u2013 generate necessary baseline data to inform training needs, salary scales, equipment requirements, rank harmonisation policies etc. \\n Clarify roles and re-training requirements \u2013 of different security bodies and re-training for those with new roles within the system. \\n Ensure transparent chain of payments \u2013 for both ex-combatants integrated into the security sector and existing members. \\n Provide balanced benefits \u2013 consider how to balance benefits for entering the reintegration programme with those for integration into the security sector. \\n Support the transition from former combatant to security provider \u2013 through training, psychosocial support, and sensitization on behaviour change, GBV, and HIV", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1484, "Sentence":"On the other hand, the cantonment of ex-combatants in a physical struc- ture can provide for greater oversight and control in sites that may have longer term utility as part of an SSR process.Planning for demobilization sites should assess the availability of a capable and neutral security provider, paying particular attention to the safety of women, girls and vulnerable groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR hand cantonment excombatants physical struc ture provide greater oversight control site may longer term utility part ssr process.planning demobilization site ass availability capable neutral security provider paying particular attention safety woman girl vulnerable group ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.12. Physical vs. mobile DDR structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"When considering demobilization based on semi-permanent (encampment) or mobile de- mobilization sites, a number of SSR-related factors should be taken into account. Mobile demobilization sites may offer greater flexibility for the DDR process as they are easier to set up, cheaper and may pose less of a security risk than encampment (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). On the other hand, the cantonment of ex-combatants in a physical struc- ture can provide for greater oversight and control in sites that may have longer term utility as part of an SSR process.Planning for demobilization sites should assess the availability of a capable and neutral security provider, paying particular attention to the safety of women, girls and vulnerable groups. Developing a communication strategy in partnership with community leaders should be encouraged in order to dispel misperceptions, better understand potential threats and build confidence. The potential long term use of demobilization sites may also be a factor in DDR planning. Investment in physical sites may be used post-DDR for SSR activities with semi-permanent sites subsequently converted into barracks, thus offering cost savings. Similarly, the infrastructure created under the auspices of a DDR programme to collect and manage weapons may support a longer term weapons procurement and storage system.Box 3 Action points for the transition from DDR to security sector integration \\n Integrate Information management \u2013 identify and include information requirements for both DDR and SSR when designing a Management Information System and establish mechanisms for information sharing. \\n Establish clear recruitment criteria \u2013 set specific criteria for integration into the security sector that reflect national security priorities and stipulate appropriate background\/skills. \\n Implement census and identification process \u2013 generate necessary baseline data to inform training needs, salary scales, equipment requirements, rank harmonisation policies etc. \\n Clarify roles and re-training requirements \u2013 of different security bodies and re-training for those with new roles within the system. \\n Ensure transparent chain of payments \u2013 for both ex-combatants integrated into the security sector and existing members. \\n Provide balanced benefits \u2013 consider how to balance benefits for entering the reintegration programme with those for integration into the security sector. \\n Support the transition from former combatant to security provider \u2013 through training, psychosocial support, and sensitization on behaviour change, GBV, and HIV", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1484, "Sentence":"Developing a communication strategy in partnership with community leaders should be encouraged in order to dispel misperceptions, better understand potential threats and build confidence.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR developing communication strategy partnership community leader encouraged order dispel misperceptions better understand potential threat build confidence ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.12. Physical vs. mobile DDR structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"When considering demobilization based on semi-permanent (encampment) or mobile de- mobilization sites, a number of SSR-related factors should be taken into account. Mobile demobilization sites may offer greater flexibility for the DDR process as they are easier to set up, cheaper and may pose less of a security risk than encampment (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). On the other hand, the cantonment of ex-combatants in a physical struc- ture can provide for greater oversight and control in sites that may have longer term utility as part of an SSR process.Planning for demobilization sites should assess the availability of a capable and neutral security provider, paying particular attention to the safety of women, girls and vulnerable groups. Developing a communication strategy in partnership with community leaders should be encouraged in order to dispel misperceptions, better understand potential threats and build confidence. The potential long term use of demobilization sites may also be a factor in DDR planning. Investment in physical sites may be used post-DDR for SSR activities with semi-permanent sites subsequently converted into barracks, thus offering cost savings. Similarly, the infrastructure created under the auspices of a DDR programme to collect and manage weapons may support a longer term weapons procurement and storage system.Box 3 Action points for the transition from DDR to security sector integration \\n Integrate Information management \u2013 identify and include information requirements for both DDR and SSR when designing a Management Information System and establish mechanisms for information sharing. \\n Establish clear recruitment criteria \u2013 set specific criteria for integration into the security sector that reflect national security priorities and stipulate appropriate background\/skills. \\n Implement census and identification process \u2013 generate necessary baseline data to inform training needs, salary scales, equipment requirements, rank harmonisation policies etc. \\n Clarify roles and re-training requirements \u2013 of different security bodies and re-training for those with new roles within the system. \\n Ensure transparent chain of payments \u2013 for both ex-combatants integrated into the security sector and existing members. \\n Provide balanced benefits \u2013 consider how to balance benefits for entering the reintegration programme with those for integration into the security sector. \\n Support the transition from former combatant to security provider \u2013 through training, psychosocial support, and sensitization on behaviour change, GBV, and HIV", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1484, "Sentence":"The potential long term use of demobilization sites may also be a factor in DDR planning.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR potential long term use demobilization site may also factor ddr planning ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.12. Physical vs. mobile DDR structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"When considering demobilization based on semi-permanent (encampment) or mobile de- mobilization sites, a number of SSR-related factors should be taken into account. Mobile demobilization sites may offer greater flexibility for the DDR process as they are easier to set up, cheaper and may pose less of a security risk than encampment (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). On the other hand, the cantonment of ex-combatants in a physical struc- ture can provide for greater oversight and control in sites that may have longer term utility as part of an SSR process.Planning for demobilization sites should assess the availability of a capable and neutral security provider, paying particular attention to the safety of women, girls and vulnerable groups. Developing a communication strategy in partnership with community leaders should be encouraged in order to dispel misperceptions, better understand potential threats and build confidence. The potential long term use of demobilization sites may also be a factor in DDR planning. Investment in physical sites may be used post-DDR for SSR activities with semi-permanent sites subsequently converted into barracks, thus offering cost savings. Similarly, the infrastructure created under the auspices of a DDR programme to collect and manage weapons may support a longer term weapons procurement and storage system.Box 3 Action points for the transition from DDR to security sector integration \\n Integrate Information management \u2013 identify and include information requirements for both DDR and SSR when designing a Management Information System and establish mechanisms for information sharing. \\n Establish clear recruitment criteria \u2013 set specific criteria for integration into the security sector that reflect national security priorities and stipulate appropriate background\/skills. \\n Implement census and identification process \u2013 generate necessary baseline data to inform training needs, salary scales, equipment requirements, rank harmonisation policies etc. \\n Clarify roles and re-training requirements \u2013 of different security bodies and re-training for those with new roles within the system. \\n Ensure transparent chain of payments \u2013 for both ex-combatants integrated into the security sector and existing members. \\n Provide balanced benefits \u2013 consider how to balance benefits for entering the reintegration programme with those for integration into the security sector. \\n Support the transition from former combatant to security provider \u2013 through training, psychosocial support, and sensitization on behaviour change, GBV, and HIV", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1484, "Sentence":"Investment in physical sites may be used post-DDR for SSR activities with semi-permanent sites subsequently converted into barracks, thus offering cost savings.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR investment physical site may used postddr ssr activity semipermanent site subsequently converted barrack thus offering cost saving ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.12. Physical vs. mobile DDR structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"When considering demobilization based on semi-permanent (encampment) or mobile de- mobilization sites, a number of SSR-related factors should be taken into account. Mobile demobilization sites may offer greater flexibility for the DDR process as they are easier to set up, cheaper and may pose less of a security risk than encampment (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). On the other hand, the cantonment of ex-combatants in a physical struc- ture can provide for greater oversight and control in sites that may have longer term utility as part of an SSR process.Planning for demobilization sites should assess the availability of a capable and neutral security provider, paying particular attention to the safety of women, girls and vulnerable groups. Developing a communication strategy in partnership with community leaders should be encouraged in order to dispel misperceptions, better understand potential threats and build confidence. The potential long term use of demobilization sites may also be a factor in DDR planning. Investment in physical sites may be used post-DDR for SSR activities with semi-permanent sites subsequently converted into barracks, thus offering cost savings. Similarly, the infrastructure created under the auspices of a DDR programme to collect and manage weapons may support a longer term weapons procurement and storage system.Box 3 Action points for the transition from DDR to security sector integration \\n Integrate Information management \u2013 identify and include information requirements for both DDR and SSR when designing a Management Information System and establish mechanisms for information sharing. \\n Establish clear recruitment criteria \u2013 set specific criteria for integration into the security sector that reflect national security priorities and stipulate appropriate background\/skills. \\n Implement census and identification process \u2013 generate necessary baseline data to inform training needs, salary scales, equipment requirements, rank harmonisation policies etc. \\n Clarify roles and re-training requirements \u2013 of different security bodies and re-training for those with new roles within the system. \\n Ensure transparent chain of payments \u2013 for both ex-combatants integrated into the security sector and existing members. \\n Provide balanced benefits \u2013 consider how to balance benefits for entering the reintegration programme with those for integration into the security sector. \\n Support the transition from former combatant to security provider \u2013 through training, psychosocial support, and sensitization on behaviour change, GBV, and HIV", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1484, "Sentence":"Similarly, the infrastructure created under the auspices of a DDR programme to collect and manage weapons may support a longer term weapons procurement and storage system.Box 3 Action points for the transition from DDR to security sector integration \\n Integrate Information management \u2013 identify and include information requirements for both DDR and SSR when designing a Management Information System and establish mechanisms for information sharing.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR similarly infrastructure created auspex ddr programme collect manage weapon may support longer term weapon procurement storage system.box 3 action point transition ddr security sector integration n integrate information management \u2013 identify include information requirement ddr ssr designing management information system establish mechanism information sharing ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.12. Physical vs. mobile DDR structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"When considering demobilization based on semi-permanent (encampment) or mobile de- mobilization sites, a number of SSR-related factors should be taken into account. Mobile demobilization sites may offer greater flexibility for the DDR process as they are easier to set up, cheaper and may pose less of a security risk than encampment (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). On the other hand, the cantonment of ex-combatants in a physical struc- ture can provide for greater oversight and control in sites that may have longer term utility as part of an SSR process.Planning for demobilization sites should assess the availability of a capable and neutral security provider, paying particular attention to the safety of women, girls and vulnerable groups. Developing a communication strategy in partnership with community leaders should be encouraged in order to dispel misperceptions, better understand potential threats and build confidence. The potential long term use of demobilization sites may also be a factor in DDR planning. Investment in physical sites may be used post-DDR for SSR activities with semi-permanent sites subsequently converted into barracks, thus offering cost savings. Similarly, the infrastructure created under the auspices of a DDR programme to collect and manage weapons may support a longer term weapons procurement and storage system.Box 3 Action points for the transition from DDR to security sector integration \\n Integrate Information management \u2013 identify and include information requirements for both DDR and SSR when designing a Management Information System and establish mechanisms for information sharing. \\n Establish clear recruitment criteria \u2013 set specific criteria for integration into the security sector that reflect national security priorities and stipulate appropriate background\/skills. \\n Implement census and identification process \u2013 generate necessary baseline data to inform training needs, salary scales, equipment requirements, rank harmonisation policies etc. \\n Clarify roles and re-training requirements \u2013 of different security bodies and re-training for those with new roles within the system. \\n Ensure transparent chain of payments \u2013 for both ex-combatants integrated into the security sector and existing members. \\n Provide balanced benefits \u2013 consider how to balance benefits for entering the reintegration programme with those for integration into the security sector. \\n Support the transition from former combatant to security provider \u2013 through training, psychosocial support, and sensitization on behaviour change, GBV, and HIV", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1484, "Sentence":"\\n Establish clear recruitment criteria \u2013 set specific criteria for integration into the security sector that reflect national security priorities and stipulate appropriate background\/skills.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n establish clear recruitment criterion \u2013 set specific criterion integration security sector reflect national security priority stipulate appropriate background\/skills ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.12. Physical vs. mobile DDR structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"When considering demobilization based on semi-permanent (encampment) or mobile de- mobilization sites, a number of SSR-related factors should be taken into account. Mobile demobilization sites may offer greater flexibility for the DDR process as they are easier to set up, cheaper and may pose less of a security risk than encampment (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). On the other hand, the cantonment of ex-combatants in a physical struc- ture can provide for greater oversight and control in sites that may have longer term utility as part of an SSR process.Planning for demobilization sites should assess the availability of a capable and neutral security provider, paying particular attention to the safety of women, girls and vulnerable groups. Developing a communication strategy in partnership with community leaders should be encouraged in order to dispel misperceptions, better understand potential threats and build confidence. The potential long term use of demobilization sites may also be a factor in DDR planning. Investment in physical sites may be used post-DDR for SSR activities with semi-permanent sites subsequently converted into barracks, thus offering cost savings. Similarly, the infrastructure created under the auspices of a DDR programme to collect and manage weapons may support a longer term weapons procurement and storage system.Box 3 Action points for the transition from DDR to security sector integration \\n Integrate Information management \u2013 identify and include information requirements for both DDR and SSR when designing a Management Information System and establish mechanisms for information sharing. \\n Establish clear recruitment criteria \u2013 set specific criteria for integration into the security sector that reflect national security priorities and stipulate appropriate background\/skills. \\n Implement census and identification process \u2013 generate necessary baseline data to inform training needs, salary scales, equipment requirements, rank harmonisation policies etc. \\n Clarify roles and re-training requirements \u2013 of different security bodies and re-training for those with new roles within the system. \\n Ensure transparent chain of payments \u2013 for both ex-combatants integrated into the security sector and existing members. \\n Provide balanced benefits \u2013 consider how to balance benefits for entering the reintegration programme with those for integration into the security sector. \\n Support the transition from former combatant to security provider \u2013 through training, psychosocial support, and sensitization on behaviour change, GBV, and HIV", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1484, "Sentence":"\\n Implement census and identification process \u2013 generate necessary baseline data to inform training needs, salary scales, equipment requirements, rank harmonisation policies etc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n implement census identification process \u2013 generate necessary baseline data inform training need salary scale equipment requirement rank harmonisation policy etc ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.12. Physical vs. mobile DDR structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"When considering demobilization based on semi-permanent (encampment) or mobile de- mobilization sites, a number of SSR-related factors should be taken into account. Mobile demobilization sites may offer greater flexibility for the DDR process as they are easier to set up, cheaper and may pose less of a security risk than encampment (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). On the other hand, the cantonment of ex-combatants in a physical struc- ture can provide for greater oversight and control in sites that may have longer term utility as part of an SSR process.Planning for demobilization sites should assess the availability of a capable and neutral security provider, paying particular attention to the safety of women, girls and vulnerable groups. Developing a communication strategy in partnership with community leaders should be encouraged in order to dispel misperceptions, better understand potential threats and build confidence. The potential long term use of demobilization sites may also be a factor in DDR planning. Investment in physical sites may be used post-DDR for SSR activities with semi-permanent sites subsequently converted into barracks, thus offering cost savings. Similarly, the infrastructure created under the auspices of a DDR programme to collect and manage weapons may support a longer term weapons procurement and storage system.Box 3 Action points for the transition from DDR to security sector integration \\n Integrate Information management \u2013 identify and include information requirements for both DDR and SSR when designing a Management Information System and establish mechanisms for information sharing. \\n Establish clear recruitment criteria \u2013 set specific criteria for integration into the security sector that reflect national security priorities and stipulate appropriate background\/skills. \\n Implement census and identification process \u2013 generate necessary baseline data to inform training needs, salary scales, equipment requirements, rank harmonisation policies etc. \\n Clarify roles and re-training requirements \u2013 of different security bodies and re-training for those with new roles within the system. \\n Ensure transparent chain of payments \u2013 for both ex-combatants integrated into the security sector and existing members. \\n Provide balanced benefits \u2013 consider how to balance benefits for entering the reintegration programme with those for integration into the security sector. \\n Support the transition from former combatant to security provider \u2013 through training, psychosocial support, and sensitization on behaviour change, GBV, and HIV", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1484, "Sentence":"\\n Clarify roles and re-training requirements \u2013 of different security bodies and re-training for those with new roles within the system.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n clarify role retraining requirement \u2013 different security body retraining new role within system ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.12. Physical vs. mobile DDR structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"When considering demobilization based on semi-permanent (encampment) or mobile de- mobilization sites, a number of SSR-related factors should be taken into account. Mobile demobilization sites may offer greater flexibility for the DDR process as they are easier to set up, cheaper and may pose less of a security risk than encampment (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). On the other hand, the cantonment of ex-combatants in a physical struc- ture can provide for greater oversight and control in sites that may have longer term utility as part of an SSR process.Planning for demobilization sites should assess the availability of a capable and neutral security provider, paying particular attention to the safety of women, girls and vulnerable groups. Developing a communication strategy in partnership with community leaders should be encouraged in order to dispel misperceptions, better understand potential threats and build confidence. The potential long term use of demobilization sites may also be a factor in DDR planning. Investment in physical sites may be used post-DDR for SSR activities with semi-permanent sites subsequently converted into barracks, thus offering cost savings. Similarly, the infrastructure created under the auspices of a DDR programme to collect and manage weapons may support a longer term weapons procurement and storage system.Box 3 Action points for the transition from DDR to security sector integration \\n Integrate Information management \u2013 identify and include information requirements for both DDR and SSR when designing a Management Information System and establish mechanisms for information sharing. \\n Establish clear recruitment criteria \u2013 set specific criteria for integration into the security sector that reflect national security priorities and stipulate appropriate background\/skills. \\n Implement census and identification process \u2013 generate necessary baseline data to inform training needs, salary scales, equipment requirements, rank harmonisation policies etc. \\n Clarify roles and re-training requirements \u2013 of different security bodies and re-training for those with new roles within the system. \\n Ensure transparent chain of payments \u2013 for both ex-combatants integrated into the security sector and existing members. \\n Provide balanced benefits \u2013 consider how to balance benefits for entering the reintegration programme with those for integration into the security sector. \\n Support the transition from former combatant to security provider \u2013 through training, psychosocial support, and sensitization on behaviour change, GBV, and HIV", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1484, "Sentence":"\\n Ensure transparent chain of payments \u2013 for both ex-combatants integrated into the security sector and existing members.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n ensure transparent chain payment \u2013 excombatants integrated security sector existing member ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.12. Physical vs. mobile DDR structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"When considering demobilization based on semi-permanent (encampment) or mobile de- mobilization sites, a number of SSR-related factors should be taken into account. Mobile demobilization sites may offer greater flexibility for the DDR process as they are easier to set up, cheaper and may pose less of a security risk than encampment (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). On the other hand, the cantonment of ex-combatants in a physical struc- ture can provide for greater oversight and control in sites that may have longer term utility as part of an SSR process.Planning for demobilization sites should assess the availability of a capable and neutral security provider, paying particular attention to the safety of women, girls and vulnerable groups. Developing a communication strategy in partnership with community leaders should be encouraged in order to dispel misperceptions, better understand potential threats and build confidence. The potential long term use of demobilization sites may also be a factor in DDR planning. Investment in physical sites may be used post-DDR for SSR activities with semi-permanent sites subsequently converted into barracks, thus offering cost savings. Similarly, the infrastructure created under the auspices of a DDR programme to collect and manage weapons may support a longer term weapons procurement and storage system.Box 3 Action points for the transition from DDR to security sector integration \\n Integrate Information management \u2013 identify and include information requirements for both DDR and SSR when designing a Management Information System and establish mechanisms for information sharing. \\n Establish clear recruitment criteria \u2013 set specific criteria for integration into the security sector that reflect national security priorities and stipulate appropriate background\/skills. \\n Implement census and identification process \u2013 generate necessary baseline data to inform training needs, salary scales, equipment requirements, rank harmonisation policies etc. \\n Clarify roles and re-training requirements \u2013 of different security bodies and re-training for those with new roles within the system. \\n Ensure transparent chain of payments \u2013 for both ex-combatants integrated into the security sector and existing members. \\n Provide balanced benefits \u2013 consider how to balance benefits for entering the reintegration programme with those for integration into the security sector. \\n Support the transition from former combatant to security provider \u2013 through training, psychosocial support, and sensitization on behaviour change, GBV, and HIV", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1484, "Sentence":"\\n Provide balanced benefits \u2013 consider how to balance benefits for entering the reintegration programme with those for integration into the security sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n provide balanced benefit \u2013 consider balance benefit entering reintegration programme integration security sector ." }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"7. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during demobilisation", "Heading2":"7.12. Physical vs. mobile DDR structures", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"When considering demobilization based on semi-permanent (encampment) or mobile de- mobilization sites, a number of SSR-related factors should be taken into account. Mobile demobilization sites may offer greater flexibility for the DDR process as they are easier to set up, cheaper and may pose less of a security risk than encampment (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). On the other hand, the cantonment of ex-combatants in a physical struc- ture can provide for greater oversight and control in sites that may have longer term utility as part of an SSR process.Planning for demobilization sites should assess the availability of a capable and neutral security provider, paying particular attention to the safety of women, girls and vulnerable groups. Developing a communication strategy in partnership with community leaders should be encouraged in order to dispel misperceptions, better understand potential threats and build confidence. The potential long term use of demobilization sites may also be a factor in DDR planning. Investment in physical sites may be used post-DDR for SSR activities with semi-permanent sites subsequently converted into barracks, thus offering cost savings. Similarly, the infrastructure created under the auspices of a DDR programme to collect and manage weapons may support a longer term weapons procurement and storage system.Box 3 Action points for the transition from DDR to security sector integration \\n Integrate Information management \u2013 identify and include information requirements for both DDR and SSR when designing a Management Information System and establish mechanisms for information sharing. \\n Establish clear recruitment criteria \u2013 set specific criteria for integration into the security sector that reflect national security priorities and stipulate appropriate background\/skills. \\n Implement census and identification process \u2013 generate necessary baseline data to inform training needs, salary scales, equipment requirements, rank harmonisation policies etc. \\n Clarify roles and re-training requirements \u2013 of different security bodies and re-training for those with new roles within the system. \\n Ensure transparent chain of payments \u2013 for both ex-combatants integrated into the security sector and existing members. \\n Provide balanced benefits \u2013 consider how to balance benefits for entering the reintegration programme with those for integration into the security sector. \\n Support the transition from former combatant to security provider \u2013 through training, psychosocial support, and sensitization on behaviour change, GBV, and HIV", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1484, "Sentence":"\\n Support the transition from former combatant to security provider \u2013 through training, psychosocial support, and sensitization on behaviour change, GBV, and HIV", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n support transition former combatant security provider \u2013 training psychosocial support sensitization behaviour change gbv hiv" }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"While the military remains a central actor, during the reintegration phase, common DDR\/ SSR concerns focus on community safety and policing initiatives. Activities relating to the judiciary, border management and revenue collection, as well as wider issues pertaining to the inclusion of ex-combatants and their receiving communities in local and national decision making processes are also significant.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1485, "Sentence":"While the military remains a central actor, during the reintegration phase, common DDR\/ SSR concerns focus on community safety and policing initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR military remains central actor reintegration phase common ddr\/ ssr concern focus community safety policing initiative ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"While the military remains a central actor, during the reintegration phase, common DDR\/ SSR concerns focus on community safety and policing initiatives. Activities relating to the judiciary, border management and revenue collection, as well as wider issues pertaining to the inclusion of ex-combatants and their receiving communities in local and national decision making processes are also significant.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1485, "Sentence":"Activities relating to the judiciary, border management and revenue collection, as well as wider issues pertaining to the inclusion of ex-combatants and their receiving communities in local and national decision making processes are also significant.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR activity relating judiciary border management revenue collection well wider issue pertaining inclusion excombatants receiving community local national decision making process also significant ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.1. Securing vulnerable communities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Targeting reintegration options and securing vulnerable communities represents an im- portant area where synergies can be developed between DDR and SSR programmes. The reintegration of ex-combatants into the community provides a unique opportunity for con- fidence building between law enforcement bodies and local residents. The police has a key role to play in ensuring the safety of returning ex-combatants as well as securing communities that may be at greater risk following their return (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities, Para 11). However, police capacities will only be focused on this prior- ity if support to the DDR process is factored into planning, training and resource allocation. The ability of ex-combatants and their receiving communities to communicate their concerns and priorities to local law enforcement agencies, and vice-versa, is a key compo- nent of sustainable reintegration. Reintegration may provide an entry point for the develop- ment of local security plans through constructive dialogue between communities, including vulnerable and marginalised groups, and security providers. Capacity development within the military, police and other community level security providers should be prioritised to ensure police support for DDR objectives. In parallel, mandates and tasking should reflect the critical role of the police in establishing an enabling environment for the successful reintegration of ex-combatants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1486, "Sentence":"Targeting reintegration options and securing vulnerable communities represents an im- portant area where synergies can be developed between DDR and SSR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR targeting reintegration option securing vulnerable community represents im portant area synergy developed ddr ssr programme ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.1. Securing vulnerable communities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Targeting reintegration options and securing vulnerable communities represents an im- portant area where synergies can be developed between DDR and SSR programmes. The reintegration of ex-combatants into the community provides a unique opportunity for con- fidence building between law enforcement bodies and local residents. The police has a key role to play in ensuring the safety of returning ex-combatants as well as securing communities that may be at greater risk following their return (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities, Para 11). However, police capacities will only be focused on this prior- ity if support to the DDR process is factored into planning, training and resource allocation. The ability of ex-combatants and their receiving communities to communicate their concerns and priorities to local law enforcement agencies, and vice-versa, is a key compo- nent of sustainable reintegration. Reintegration may provide an entry point for the develop- ment of local security plans through constructive dialogue between communities, including vulnerable and marginalised groups, and security providers. Capacity development within the military, police and other community level security providers should be prioritised to ensure police support for DDR objectives. In parallel, mandates and tasking should reflect the critical role of the police in establishing an enabling environment for the successful reintegration of ex-combatants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1486, "Sentence":"The reintegration of ex-combatants into the community provides a unique opportunity for con- fidence building between law enforcement bodies and local residents.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR reintegration excombatants community provides unique opportunity con fidence building law enforcement body local resident ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.1. Securing vulnerable communities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Targeting reintegration options and securing vulnerable communities represents an im- portant area where synergies can be developed between DDR and SSR programmes. The reintegration of ex-combatants into the community provides a unique opportunity for con- fidence building between law enforcement bodies and local residents. The police has a key role to play in ensuring the safety of returning ex-combatants as well as securing communities that may be at greater risk following their return (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities, Para 11). However, police capacities will only be focused on this prior- ity if support to the DDR process is factored into planning, training and resource allocation. The ability of ex-combatants and their receiving communities to communicate their concerns and priorities to local law enforcement agencies, and vice-versa, is a key compo- nent of sustainable reintegration. Reintegration may provide an entry point for the develop- ment of local security plans through constructive dialogue between communities, including vulnerable and marginalised groups, and security providers. Capacity development within the military, police and other community level security providers should be prioritised to ensure police support for DDR objectives. In parallel, mandates and tasking should reflect the critical role of the police in establishing an enabling environment for the successful reintegration of ex-combatants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1486, "Sentence":"The police has a key role to play in ensuring the safety of returning ex-combatants as well as securing communities that may be at greater risk following their return (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities, Para 11).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR police key role play ensuring safety returning excombatants well securing community may greater risk following return see iddrs 4.50 un police role responsibility para 11 ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.1. Securing vulnerable communities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Targeting reintegration options and securing vulnerable communities represents an im- portant area where synergies can be developed between DDR and SSR programmes. The reintegration of ex-combatants into the community provides a unique opportunity for con- fidence building between law enforcement bodies and local residents. The police has a key role to play in ensuring the safety of returning ex-combatants as well as securing communities that may be at greater risk following their return (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities, Para 11). However, police capacities will only be focused on this prior- ity if support to the DDR process is factored into planning, training and resource allocation. The ability of ex-combatants and their receiving communities to communicate their concerns and priorities to local law enforcement agencies, and vice-versa, is a key compo- nent of sustainable reintegration. Reintegration may provide an entry point for the develop- ment of local security plans through constructive dialogue between communities, including vulnerable and marginalised groups, and security providers. Capacity development within the military, police and other community level security providers should be prioritised to ensure police support for DDR objectives. In parallel, mandates and tasking should reflect the critical role of the police in establishing an enabling environment for the successful reintegration of ex-combatants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1486, "Sentence":"However, police capacities will only be focused on this prior- ity if support to the DDR process is factored into planning, training and resource allocation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR however police capacity focused prior ity support ddr process factored planning training resource allocation ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.1. Securing vulnerable communities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Targeting reintegration options and securing vulnerable communities represents an im- portant area where synergies can be developed between DDR and SSR programmes. The reintegration of ex-combatants into the community provides a unique opportunity for con- fidence building between law enforcement bodies and local residents. The police has a key role to play in ensuring the safety of returning ex-combatants as well as securing communities that may be at greater risk following their return (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities, Para 11). However, police capacities will only be focused on this prior- ity if support to the DDR process is factored into planning, training and resource allocation. The ability of ex-combatants and their receiving communities to communicate their concerns and priorities to local law enforcement agencies, and vice-versa, is a key compo- nent of sustainable reintegration. Reintegration may provide an entry point for the develop- ment of local security plans through constructive dialogue between communities, including vulnerable and marginalised groups, and security providers. Capacity development within the military, police and other community level security providers should be prioritised to ensure police support for DDR objectives. In parallel, mandates and tasking should reflect the critical role of the police in establishing an enabling environment for the successful reintegration of ex-combatants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1486, "Sentence":"The ability of ex-combatants and their receiving communities to communicate their concerns and priorities to local law enforcement agencies, and vice-versa, is a key compo- nent of sustainable reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ability excombatants receiving community communicate concern priority local law enforcement agency viceversa key compo nent sustainable reintegration ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.1. Securing vulnerable communities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Targeting reintegration options and securing vulnerable communities represents an im- portant area where synergies can be developed between DDR and SSR programmes. The reintegration of ex-combatants into the community provides a unique opportunity for con- fidence building between law enforcement bodies and local residents. The police has a key role to play in ensuring the safety of returning ex-combatants as well as securing communities that may be at greater risk following their return (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities, Para 11). However, police capacities will only be focused on this prior- ity if support to the DDR process is factored into planning, training and resource allocation. The ability of ex-combatants and their receiving communities to communicate their concerns and priorities to local law enforcement agencies, and vice-versa, is a key compo- nent of sustainable reintegration. Reintegration may provide an entry point for the develop- ment of local security plans through constructive dialogue between communities, including vulnerable and marginalised groups, and security providers. Capacity development within the military, police and other community level security providers should be prioritised to ensure police support for DDR objectives. In parallel, mandates and tasking should reflect the critical role of the police in establishing an enabling environment for the successful reintegration of ex-combatants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1486, "Sentence":"Reintegration may provide an entry point for the develop- ment of local security plans through constructive dialogue between communities, including vulnerable and marginalised groups, and security providers.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR reintegration may provide entry point develop ment local security plan constructive dialogue community including vulnerable marginalised group security provider ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.1. Securing vulnerable communities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Targeting reintegration options and securing vulnerable communities represents an im- portant area where synergies can be developed between DDR and SSR programmes. The reintegration of ex-combatants into the community provides a unique opportunity for con- fidence building between law enforcement bodies and local residents. The police has a key role to play in ensuring the safety of returning ex-combatants as well as securing communities that may be at greater risk following their return (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities, Para 11). However, police capacities will only be focused on this prior- ity if support to the DDR process is factored into planning, training and resource allocation. The ability of ex-combatants and their receiving communities to communicate their concerns and priorities to local law enforcement agencies, and vice-versa, is a key compo- nent of sustainable reintegration. Reintegration may provide an entry point for the develop- ment of local security plans through constructive dialogue between communities, including vulnerable and marginalised groups, and security providers. Capacity development within the military, police and other community level security providers should be prioritised to ensure police support for DDR objectives. In parallel, mandates and tasking should reflect the critical role of the police in establishing an enabling environment for the successful reintegration of ex-combatants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1486, "Sentence":"Capacity development within the military, police and other community level security providers should be prioritised to ensure police support for DDR objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR capacity development within military police community level security provider prioritised ensure police support ddr objective ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.1. Securing vulnerable communities", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"Targeting reintegration options and securing vulnerable communities represents an im- portant area where synergies can be developed between DDR and SSR programmes. The reintegration of ex-combatants into the community provides a unique opportunity for con- fidence building between law enforcement bodies and local residents. The police has a key role to play in ensuring the safety of returning ex-combatants as well as securing communities that may be at greater risk following their return (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities, Para 11). However, police capacities will only be focused on this prior- ity if support to the DDR process is factored into planning, training and resource allocation. The ability of ex-combatants and their receiving communities to communicate their concerns and priorities to local law enforcement agencies, and vice-versa, is a key compo- nent of sustainable reintegration. Reintegration may provide an entry point for the develop- ment of local security plans through constructive dialogue between communities, including vulnerable and marginalised groups, and security providers. Capacity development within the military, police and other community level security providers should be prioritised to ensure police support for DDR objectives. In parallel, mandates and tasking should reflect the critical role of the police in establishing an enabling environment for the successful reintegration of ex-combatants.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1486, "Sentence":"In parallel, mandates and tasking should reflect the critical role of the police in establishing an enabling environment for the successful reintegration of ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR parallel mandate tasking reflect critical role police establishing enabling environment successful reintegration excombatants ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.2. Tracking the return of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"There is a need to identify and act on information relating to the return and reintegration of ex-combatants. This can support the DDR process by facilitating reinsertion payments for ex-combatants and monitoring areas where employment opportunities exist. From an SSR perspective, better understanding the dynamics of returning ex-combatants can help identify potential security risks and sequence appropriate SSR support.Conflict and security analysis that takes account of returning ex-combatants is a com- mon DDR\/SSR requirement. Comprehensive and reliable data collection and analysis may be developed and shared in order to understand shifting security dynamics and agree security needs linked to the return of ex-combatants. This should provide the basis for coordinated planning and implementation of DDR\/SSR activities. Where there is mistrust between security forces and ex-combatants, information security should be an important consideration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1487, "Sentence":"There is a need to identify and act on information relating to the return and reintegration of ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR need identify act information relating return reintegration excombatants ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.2. Tracking the return of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"There is a need to identify and act on information relating to the return and reintegration of ex-combatants. This can support the DDR process by facilitating reinsertion payments for ex-combatants and monitoring areas where employment opportunities exist. From an SSR perspective, better understanding the dynamics of returning ex-combatants can help identify potential security risks and sequence appropriate SSR support.Conflict and security analysis that takes account of returning ex-combatants is a com- mon DDR\/SSR requirement. Comprehensive and reliable data collection and analysis may be developed and shared in order to understand shifting security dynamics and agree security needs linked to the return of ex-combatants. This should provide the basis for coordinated planning and implementation of DDR\/SSR activities. Where there is mistrust between security forces and ex-combatants, information security should be an important consideration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1487, "Sentence":"This can support the DDR process by facilitating reinsertion payments for ex-combatants and monitoring areas where employment opportunities exist.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR support ddr process facilitating reinsertion payment excombatants monitoring area employment opportunity exist ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.2. Tracking the return of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"There is a need to identify and act on information relating to the return and reintegration of ex-combatants. This can support the DDR process by facilitating reinsertion payments for ex-combatants and monitoring areas where employment opportunities exist. From an SSR perspective, better understanding the dynamics of returning ex-combatants can help identify potential security risks and sequence appropriate SSR support.Conflict and security analysis that takes account of returning ex-combatants is a com- mon DDR\/SSR requirement. Comprehensive and reliable data collection and analysis may be developed and shared in order to understand shifting security dynamics and agree security needs linked to the return of ex-combatants. This should provide the basis for coordinated planning and implementation of DDR\/SSR activities. Where there is mistrust between security forces and ex-combatants, information security should be an important consideration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1487, "Sentence":"From an SSR perspective, better understanding the dynamics of returning ex-combatants can help identify potential security risks and sequence appropriate SSR support.Conflict and security analysis that takes account of returning ex-combatants is a com- mon DDR\/SSR requirement.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ssr perspective better understanding dynamic returning excombatants help identify potential security risk sequence appropriate ssr support.conflict security analysis take account returning excombatants com mon ddr\/ssr requirement ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.2. Tracking the return of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"There is a need to identify and act on information relating to the return and reintegration of ex-combatants. This can support the DDR process by facilitating reinsertion payments for ex-combatants and monitoring areas where employment opportunities exist. From an SSR perspective, better understanding the dynamics of returning ex-combatants can help identify potential security risks and sequence appropriate SSR support.Conflict and security analysis that takes account of returning ex-combatants is a com- mon DDR\/SSR requirement. Comprehensive and reliable data collection and analysis may be developed and shared in order to understand shifting security dynamics and agree security needs linked to the return of ex-combatants. This should provide the basis for coordinated planning and implementation of DDR\/SSR activities. Where there is mistrust between security forces and ex-combatants, information security should be an important consideration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1487, "Sentence":"Comprehensive and reliable data collection and analysis may be developed and shared in order to understand shifting security dynamics and agree security needs linked to the return of ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR comprehensive reliable data collection analysis may developed shared order understand shifting security dynamic agree security need linked return excombatants ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.2. Tracking the return of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"There is a need to identify and act on information relating to the return and reintegration of ex-combatants. This can support the DDR process by facilitating reinsertion payments for ex-combatants and monitoring areas where employment opportunities exist. From an SSR perspective, better understanding the dynamics of returning ex-combatants can help identify potential security risks and sequence appropriate SSR support.Conflict and security analysis that takes account of returning ex-combatants is a com- mon DDR\/SSR requirement. Comprehensive and reliable data collection and analysis may be developed and shared in order to understand shifting security dynamics and agree security needs linked to the return of ex-combatants. This should provide the basis for coordinated planning and implementation of DDR\/SSR activities. Where there is mistrust between security forces and ex-combatants, information security should be an important consideration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1487, "Sentence":"This should provide the basis for coordinated planning and implementation of DDR\/SSR activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR provide basis coordinated planning implementation ddr\/ssr activity ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.2. Tracking the return of ex-combatants", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"There is a need to identify and act on information relating to the return and reintegration of ex-combatants. This can support the DDR process by facilitating reinsertion payments for ex-combatants and monitoring areas where employment opportunities exist. From an SSR perspective, better understanding the dynamics of returning ex-combatants can help identify potential security risks and sequence appropriate SSR support.Conflict and security analysis that takes account of returning ex-combatants is a com- mon DDR\/SSR requirement. Comprehensive and reliable data collection and analysis may be developed and shared in order to understand shifting security dynamics and agree security needs linked to the return of ex-combatants. This should provide the basis for coordinated planning and implementation of DDR\/SSR activities. Where there is mistrust between security forces and ex-combatants, information security should be an important consideration.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1487, "Sentence":"Where there is mistrust between security forces and ex-combatants, information security should be an important consideration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR mistrust security force excombatants information security important consideration ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.3. Housing, land and property (HLP) dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"HLP projects are often developed to support the return of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and other vulnerable groups. While ex-combatants only represent a small segment of this group, they are more likely to resort to intimidation or force in order to attempt to resolve disputes. Moreover, ex-combatants may find that their land has been occupied as a deliberate strategy of intimidation. HLP therefore offers an opportunity to support re-integration while mitigating potential security problems down the line (see IDDRS module 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Complementary SSR measures that address the return of ex-combatants may focus on supporting dispute resolution mechanisms as well as addressing related security threats. Engagement with local authorities, community security and justice providers on HLP offers a means to link SSR concerns with support for returning ex-combatants. The devel- opment of special mechanisms for ex-combatants may be considered so that the time- sensitivity and stigma associated with their cases is taken into consideration. This should be balanced against the risk of perceived inequalities between ex-combatants and receiving communities. In either case, it is important to provide sensitisation on available support structures and how to access them.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1488, "Sentence":"HLP projects are often developed to support the return of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and other vulnerable groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR hlp project often developed support return internally displaced person idp vulnerable group ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.3. Housing, land and property (HLP) dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"HLP projects are often developed to support the return of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and other vulnerable groups. While ex-combatants only represent a small segment of this group, they are more likely to resort to intimidation or force in order to attempt to resolve disputes. Moreover, ex-combatants may find that their land has been occupied as a deliberate strategy of intimidation. HLP therefore offers an opportunity to support re-integration while mitigating potential security problems down the line (see IDDRS module 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Complementary SSR measures that address the return of ex-combatants may focus on supporting dispute resolution mechanisms as well as addressing related security threats. Engagement with local authorities, community security and justice providers on HLP offers a means to link SSR concerns with support for returning ex-combatants. The devel- opment of special mechanisms for ex-combatants may be considered so that the time- sensitivity and stigma associated with their cases is taken into consideration. This should be balanced against the risk of perceived inequalities between ex-combatants and receiving communities. In either case, it is important to provide sensitisation on available support structures and how to access them.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1488, "Sentence":"While ex-combatants only represent a small segment of this group, they are more likely to resort to intimidation or force in order to attempt to resolve disputes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR excombatants represent small segment group likely resort intimidation force order attempt resolve dispute ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.3. Housing, land and property (HLP) dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"HLP projects are often developed to support the return of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and other vulnerable groups. While ex-combatants only represent a small segment of this group, they are more likely to resort to intimidation or force in order to attempt to resolve disputes. Moreover, ex-combatants may find that their land has been occupied as a deliberate strategy of intimidation. HLP therefore offers an opportunity to support re-integration while mitigating potential security problems down the line (see IDDRS module 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Complementary SSR measures that address the return of ex-combatants may focus on supporting dispute resolution mechanisms as well as addressing related security threats. Engagement with local authorities, community security and justice providers on HLP offers a means to link SSR concerns with support for returning ex-combatants. The devel- opment of special mechanisms for ex-combatants may be considered so that the time- sensitivity and stigma associated with their cases is taken into consideration. This should be balanced against the risk of perceived inequalities between ex-combatants and receiving communities. In either case, it is important to provide sensitisation on available support structures and how to access them.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1488, "Sentence":"Moreover, ex-combatants may find that their land has been occupied as a deliberate strategy of intimidation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR moreover excombatants may find land occupied deliberate strategy intimidation ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.3. Housing, land and property (HLP) dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"HLP projects are often developed to support the return of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and other vulnerable groups. While ex-combatants only represent a small segment of this group, they are more likely to resort to intimidation or force in order to attempt to resolve disputes. Moreover, ex-combatants may find that their land has been occupied as a deliberate strategy of intimidation. HLP therefore offers an opportunity to support re-integration while mitigating potential security problems down the line (see IDDRS module 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Complementary SSR measures that address the return of ex-combatants may focus on supporting dispute resolution mechanisms as well as addressing related security threats. Engagement with local authorities, community security and justice providers on HLP offers a means to link SSR concerns with support for returning ex-combatants. The devel- opment of special mechanisms for ex-combatants may be considered so that the time- sensitivity and stigma associated with their cases is taken into consideration. This should be balanced against the risk of perceived inequalities between ex-combatants and receiving communities. In either case, it is important to provide sensitisation on available support structures and how to access them.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1488, "Sentence":"HLP therefore offers an opportunity to support re-integration while mitigating potential security problems down the line (see IDDRS module 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR hlp therefore offer opportunity support reintegration mitigating potential security problem line see iddrs module 4.30 social economic reintegration ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.3. Housing, land and property (HLP) dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"HLP projects are often developed to support the return of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and other vulnerable groups. While ex-combatants only represent a small segment of this group, they are more likely to resort to intimidation or force in order to attempt to resolve disputes. Moreover, ex-combatants may find that their land has been occupied as a deliberate strategy of intimidation. HLP therefore offers an opportunity to support re-integration while mitigating potential security problems down the line (see IDDRS module 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Complementary SSR measures that address the return of ex-combatants may focus on supporting dispute resolution mechanisms as well as addressing related security threats. Engagement with local authorities, community security and justice providers on HLP offers a means to link SSR concerns with support for returning ex-combatants. The devel- opment of special mechanisms for ex-combatants may be considered so that the time- sensitivity and stigma associated with their cases is taken into consideration. This should be balanced against the risk of perceived inequalities between ex-combatants and receiving communities. In either case, it is important to provide sensitisation on available support structures and how to access them.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1488, "Sentence":"Complementary SSR measures that address the return of ex-combatants may focus on supporting dispute resolution mechanisms as well as addressing related security threats.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR complementary ssr measure address return excombatants may focus supporting dispute resolution mechanism well addressing related security threat ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.3. Housing, land and property (HLP) dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"HLP projects are often developed to support the return of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and other vulnerable groups. While ex-combatants only represent a small segment of this group, they are more likely to resort to intimidation or force in order to attempt to resolve disputes. Moreover, ex-combatants may find that their land has been occupied as a deliberate strategy of intimidation. HLP therefore offers an opportunity to support re-integration while mitigating potential security problems down the line (see IDDRS module 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Complementary SSR measures that address the return of ex-combatants may focus on supporting dispute resolution mechanisms as well as addressing related security threats. Engagement with local authorities, community security and justice providers on HLP offers a means to link SSR concerns with support for returning ex-combatants. The devel- opment of special mechanisms for ex-combatants may be considered so that the time- sensitivity and stigma associated with their cases is taken into consideration. This should be balanced against the risk of perceived inequalities between ex-combatants and receiving communities. In either case, it is important to provide sensitisation on available support structures and how to access them.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1488, "Sentence":"Engagement with local authorities, community security and justice providers on HLP offers a means to link SSR concerns with support for returning ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR engagement local authority community security justice provider hlp offer mean link ssr concern support returning excombatants ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.3. Housing, land and property (HLP) dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"HLP projects are often developed to support the return of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and other vulnerable groups. While ex-combatants only represent a small segment of this group, they are more likely to resort to intimidation or force in order to attempt to resolve disputes. Moreover, ex-combatants may find that their land has been occupied as a deliberate strategy of intimidation. HLP therefore offers an opportunity to support re-integration while mitigating potential security problems down the line (see IDDRS module 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Complementary SSR measures that address the return of ex-combatants may focus on supporting dispute resolution mechanisms as well as addressing related security threats. Engagement with local authorities, community security and justice providers on HLP offers a means to link SSR concerns with support for returning ex-combatants. The devel- opment of special mechanisms for ex-combatants may be considered so that the time- sensitivity and stigma associated with their cases is taken into consideration. This should be balanced against the risk of perceived inequalities between ex-combatants and receiving communities. In either case, it is important to provide sensitisation on available support structures and how to access them.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1488, "Sentence":"The devel- opment of special mechanisms for ex-combatants may be considered so that the time- sensitivity and stigma associated with their cases is taken into consideration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR devel opment special mechanism excombatants may considered time sensitivity stigma associated case taken consideration ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.3. Housing, land and property (HLP) dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"HLP projects are often developed to support the return of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and other vulnerable groups. While ex-combatants only represent a small segment of this group, they are more likely to resort to intimidation or force in order to attempt to resolve disputes. Moreover, ex-combatants may find that their land has been occupied as a deliberate strategy of intimidation. HLP therefore offers an opportunity to support re-integration while mitigating potential security problems down the line (see IDDRS module 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Complementary SSR measures that address the return of ex-combatants may focus on supporting dispute resolution mechanisms as well as addressing related security threats. Engagement with local authorities, community security and justice providers on HLP offers a means to link SSR concerns with support for returning ex-combatants. The devel- opment of special mechanisms for ex-combatants may be considered so that the time- sensitivity and stigma associated with their cases is taken into consideration. This should be balanced against the risk of perceived inequalities between ex-combatants and receiving communities. In either case, it is important to provide sensitisation on available support structures and how to access them.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1488, "Sentence":"This should be balanced against the risk of perceived inequalities between ex-combatants and receiving communities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR balanced risk perceived inequality excombatants receiving community ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.3. Housing, land and property (HLP) dispute mechanisms", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"HLP projects are often developed to support the return of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and other vulnerable groups. While ex-combatants only represent a small segment of this group, they are more likely to resort to intimidation or force in order to attempt to resolve disputes. Moreover, ex-combatants may find that their land has been occupied as a deliberate strategy of intimidation. HLP therefore offers an opportunity to support re-integration while mitigating potential security problems down the line (see IDDRS module 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Complementary SSR measures that address the return of ex-combatants may focus on supporting dispute resolution mechanisms as well as addressing related security threats. Engagement with local authorities, community security and justice providers on HLP offers a means to link SSR concerns with support for returning ex-combatants. The devel- opment of special mechanisms for ex-combatants may be considered so that the time- sensitivity and stigma associated with their cases is taken into consideration. This should be balanced against the risk of perceived inequalities between ex-combatants and receiving communities. In either case, it is important to provide sensitisation on available support structures and how to access them.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1488, "Sentence":"In either case, it is important to provide sensitisation on available support structures and how to access them.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR either case important provide sensitisation available support structure access ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.4. Community security initiatives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Community security initiatives can be considered as a mechanism for both encouraging acceptance of ex-combatants and enhancing the status of local police forces in the eyes of communities (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). Community-policing is increasingly supported as part of SSR programmes. Integrated DDR programme plan- ning may also include community security projects such as youth at risk programmes and community policing and support services (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).Community security initiatives provide an entry point for developing synergies be- tween DDR and SSR. DDR programmes may benefit from engaging with police public information units to disseminate information about the DDR process at the community level. Pooling financial and human resources including joint information campaigns may contribute to improved outreach, cost-savings and increased coherence.Box 4 DDR\/SSR action points for supporting community security \\n Identify and include relevant law enforcement considerations in DDR planning. Where appropriate, coordinate reintegration with police authorities to promote coherence. \\n Assess the security dynamics of returning ex-combatants. Consider whether information generated from tracking the reintegration of ex-combatants should be shared with the national police. If so, make provision for data confidentiality. \\n Consider opportunities to support joint community safety initiatives (e.g. weapons collection, community policing). \\n Support work with men and boys in violence reduction initiatives, including GBV.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1489, "Sentence":"Community security initiatives can be considered as a mechanism for both encouraging acceptance of ex-combatants and enhancing the status of local police forces in the eyes of communities (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR community security initiative considered mechanism encouraging acceptance excombatants enhancing status local police force eye community see iddrs 4.50 un police role responsibility ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.4. Community security initiatives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Community security initiatives can be considered as a mechanism for both encouraging acceptance of ex-combatants and enhancing the status of local police forces in the eyes of communities (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). Community-policing is increasingly supported as part of SSR programmes. Integrated DDR programme plan- ning may also include community security projects such as youth at risk programmes and community policing and support services (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).Community security initiatives provide an entry point for developing synergies be- tween DDR and SSR. DDR programmes may benefit from engaging with police public information units to disseminate information about the DDR process at the community level. Pooling financial and human resources including joint information campaigns may contribute to improved outreach, cost-savings and increased coherence.Box 4 DDR\/SSR action points for supporting community security \\n Identify and include relevant law enforcement considerations in DDR planning. Where appropriate, coordinate reintegration with police authorities to promote coherence. \\n Assess the security dynamics of returning ex-combatants. Consider whether information generated from tracking the reintegration of ex-combatants should be shared with the national police. If so, make provision for data confidentiality. \\n Consider opportunities to support joint community safety initiatives (e.g. weapons collection, community policing). \\n Support work with men and boys in violence reduction initiatives, including GBV.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1489, "Sentence":"Community-policing is increasingly supported as part of SSR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR communitypolicing increasingly supported part ssr programme ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.4. Community security initiatives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Community security initiatives can be considered as a mechanism for both encouraging acceptance of ex-combatants and enhancing the status of local police forces in the eyes of communities (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). Community-policing is increasingly supported as part of SSR programmes. Integrated DDR programme plan- ning may also include community security projects such as youth at risk programmes and community policing and support services (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).Community security initiatives provide an entry point for developing synergies be- tween DDR and SSR. DDR programmes may benefit from engaging with police public information units to disseminate information about the DDR process at the community level. Pooling financial and human resources including joint information campaigns may contribute to improved outreach, cost-savings and increased coherence.Box 4 DDR\/SSR action points for supporting community security \\n Identify and include relevant law enforcement considerations in DDR planning. Where appropriate, coordinate reintegration with police authorities to promote coherence. \\n Assess the security dynamics of returning ex-combatants. Consider whether information generated from tracking the reintegration of ex-combatants should be shared with the national police. If so, make provision for data confidentiality. \\n Consider opportunities to support joint community safety initiatives (e.g. weapons collection, community policing). \\n Support work with men and boys in violence reduction initiatives, including GBV.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1489, "Sentence":"Integrated DDR programme plan- ning may also include community security projects such as youth at risk programmes and community policing and support services (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).Community security initiatives provide an entry point for developing synergies be- tween DDR and SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR integrated ddr programme plan ning may also include community security project youth risk programme community policing support service see iddrs 3.41 finance budgeting.community security initiative provide entry point developing synergy tween ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.4. Community security initiatives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Community security initiatives can be considered as a mechanism for both encouraging acceptance of ex-combatants and enhancing the status of local police forces in the eyes of communities (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). Community-policing is increasingly supported as part of SSR programmes. Integrated DDR programme plan- ning may also include community security projects such as youth at risk programmes and community policing and support services (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).Community security initiatives provide an entry point for developing synergies be- tween DDR and SSR. DDR programmes may benefit from engaging with police public information units to disseminate information about the DDR process at the community level. Pooling financial and human resources including joint information campaigns may contribute to improved outreach, cost-savings and increased coherence.Box 4 DDR\/SSR action points for supporting community security \\n Identify and include relevant law enforcement considerations in DDR planning. Where appropriate, coordinate reintegration with police authorities to promote coherence. \\n Assess the security dynamics of returning ex-combatants. Consider whether information generated from tracking the reintegration of ex-combatants should be shared with the national police. If so, make provision for data confidentiality. \\n Consider opportunities to support joint community safety initiatives (e.g. weapons collection, community policing). \\n Support work with men and boys in violence reduction initiatives, including GBV.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1489, "Sentence":"DDR programmes may benefit from engaging with police public information units to disseminate information about the DDR process at the community level.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ddr programme may benefit engaging police public information unit disseminate information ddr process community level ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.4. Community security initiatives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Community security initiatives can be considered as a mechanism for both encouraging acceptance of ex-combatants and enhancing the status of local police forces in the eyes of communities (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). Community-policing is increasingly supported as part of SSR programmes. Integrated DDR programme plan- ning may also include community security projects such as youth at risk programmes and community policing and support services (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).Community security initiatives provide an entry point for developing synergies be- tween DDR and SSR. DDR programmes may benefit from engaging with police public information units to disseminate information about the DDR process at the community level. Pooling financial and human resources including joint information campaigns may contribute to improved outreach, cost-savings and increased coherence.Box 4 DDR\/SSR action points for supporting community security \\n Identify and include relevant law enforcement considerations in DDR planning. Where appropriate, coordinate reintegration with police authorities to promote coherence. \\n Assess the security dynamics of returning ex-combatants. Consider whether information generated from tracking the reintegration of ex-combatants should be shared with the national police. If so, make provision for data confidentiality. \\n Consider opportunities to support joint community safety initiatives (e.g. weapons collection, community policing). \\n Support work with men and boys in violence reduction initiatives, including GBV.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1489, "Sentence":"Pooling financial and human resources including joint information campaigns may contribute to improved outreach, cost-savings and increased coherence.Box 4 DDR\/SSR action points for supporting community security \\n Identify and include relevant law enforcement considerations in DDR planning.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR pooling financial human resource including joint information campaign may contribute improved outreach costsavings increased coherence.box 4 ddr\/ssr action point supporting community security n identify include relevant law enforcement consideration ddr planning ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.4. Community security initiatives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Community security initiatives can be considered as a mechanism for both encouraging acceptance of ex-combatants and enhancing the status of local police forces in the eyes of communities (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). Community-policing is increasingly supported as part of SSR programmes. Integrated DDR programme plan- ning may also include community security projects such as youth at risk programmes and community policing and support services (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).Community security initiatives provide an entry point for developing synergies be- tween DDR and SSR. DDR programmes may benefit from engaging with police public information units to disseminate information about the DDR process at the community level. Pooling financial and human resources including joint information campaigns may contribute to improved outreach, cost-savings and increased coherence.Box 4 DDR\/SSR action points for supporting community security \\n Identify and include relevant law enforcement considerations in DDR planning. Where appropriate, coordinate reintegration with police authorities to promote coherence. \\n Assess the security dynamics of returning ex-combatants. Consider whether information generated from tracking the reintegration of ex-combatants should be shared with the national police. If so, make provision for data confidentiality. \\n Consider opportunities to support joint community safety initiatives (e.g. weapons collection, community policing). \\n Support work with men and boys in violence reduction initiatives, including GBV.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1489, "Sentence":"Where appropriate, coordinate reintegration with police authorities to promote coherence.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR appropriate coordinate reintegration police authority promote coherence ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.4. Community security initiatives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Community security initiatives can be considered as a mechanism for both encouraging acceptance of ex-combatants and enhancing the status of local police forces in the eyes of communities (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). Community-policing is increasingly supported as part of SSR programmes. Integrated DDR programme plan- ning may also include community security projects such as youth at risk programmes and community policing and support services (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).Community security initiatives provide an entry point for developing synergies be- tween DDR and SSR. DDR programmes may benefit from engaging with police public information units to disseminate information about the DDR process at the community level. Pooling financial and human resources including joint information campaigns may contribute to improved outreach, cost-savings and increased coherence.Box 4 DDR\/SSR action points for supporting community security \\n Identify and include relevant law enforcement considerations in DDR planning. Where appropriate, coordinate reintegration with police authorities to promote coherence. \\n Assess the security dynamics of returning ex-combatants. Consider whether information generated from tracking the reintegration of ex-combatants should be shared with the national police. If so, make provision for data confidentiality. \\n Consider opportunities to support joint community safety initiatives (e.g. weapons collection, community policing). \\n Support work with men and boys in violence reduction initiatives, including GBV.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1489, "Sentence":"\\n Assess the security dynamics of returning ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n ass security dynamic returning excombatants ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.4. Community security initiatives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Community security initiatives can be considered as a mechanism for both encouraging acceptance of ex-combatants and enhancing the status of local police forces in the eyes of communities (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). Community-policing is increasingly supported as part of SSR programmes. Integrated DDR programme plan- ning may also include community security projects such as youth at risk programmes and community policing and support services (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).Community security initiatives provide an entry point for developing synergies be- tween DDR and SSR. DDR programmes may benefit from engaging with police public information units to disseminate information about the DDR process at the community level. Pooling financial and human resources including joint information campaigns may contribute to improved outreach, cost-savings and increased coherence.Box 4 DDR\/SSR action points for supporting community security \\n Identify and include relevant law enforcement considerations in DDR planning. Where appropriate, coordinate reintegration with police authorities to promote coherence. \\n Assess the security dynamics of returning ex-combatants. Consider whether information generated from tracking the reintegration of ex-combatants should be shared with the national police. If so, make provision for data confidentiality. \\n Consider opportunities to support joint community safety initiatives (e.g. weapons collection, community policing). \\n Support work with men and boys in violence reduction initiatives, including GBV.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1489, "Sentence":"Consider whether information generated from tracking the reintegration of ex-combatants should be shared with the national police.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR consider whether information generated tracking reintegration excombatants shared national police ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.4. Community security initiatives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Community security initiatives can be considered as a mechanism for both encouraging acceptance of ex-combatants and enhancing the status of local police forces in the eyes of communities (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). Community-policing is increasingly supported as part of SSR programmes. Integrated DDR programme plan- ning may also include community security projects such as youth at risk programmes and community policing and support services (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).Community security initiatives provide an entry point for developing synergies be- tween DDR and SSR. DDR programmes may benefit from engaging with police public information units to disseminate information about the DDR process at the community level. Pooling financial and human resources including joint information campaigns may contribute to improved outreach, cost-savings and increased coherence.Box 4 DDR\/SSR action points for supporting community security \\n Identify and include relevant law enforcement considerations in DDR planning. Where appropriate, coordinate reintegration with police authorities to promote coherence. \\n Assess the security dynamics of returning ex-combatants. Consider whether information generated from tracking the reintegration of ex-combatants should be shared with the national police. If so, make provision for data confidentiality. \\n Consider opportunities to support joint community safety initiatives (e.g. weapons collection, community policing). \\n Support work with men and boys in violence reduction initiatives, including GBV.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1489, "Sentence":"If so, make provision for data confidentiality.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR make provision data confidentiality ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.4. Community security initiatives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Community security initiatives can be considered as a mechanism for both encouraging acceptance of ex-combatants and enhancing the status of local police forces in the eyes of communities (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). Community-policing is increasingly supported as part of SSR programmes. Integrated DDR programme plan- ning may also include community security projects such as youth at risk programmes and community policing and support services (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).Community security initiatives provide an entry point for developing synergies be- tween DDR and SSR. DDR programmes may benefit from engaging with police public information units to disseminate information about the DDR process at the community level. Pooling financial and human resources including joint information campaigns may contribute to improved outreach, cost-savings and increased coherence.Box 4 DDR\/SSR action points for supporting community security \\n Identify and include relevant law enforcement considerations in DDR planning. Where appropriate, coordinate reintegration with police authorities to promote coherence. \\n Assess the security dynamics of returning ex-combatants. Consider whether information generated from tracking the reintegration of ex-combatants should be shared with the national police. If so, make provision for data confidentiality. \\n Consider opportunities to support joint community safety initiatives (e.g. weapons collection, community policing). \\n Support work with men and boys in violence reduction initiatives, including GBV.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1489, "Sentence":"\\n Consider opportunities to support joint community safety initiatives (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n consider opportunity support joint community safety initiative e.g ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.4. Community security initiatives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Community security initiatives can be considered as a mechanism for both encouraging acceptance of ex-combatants and enhancing the status of local police forces in the eyes of communities (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). Community-policing is increasingly supported as part of SSR programmes. Integrated DDR programme plan- ning may also include community security projects such as youth at risk programmes and community policing and support services (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).Community security initiatives provide an entry point for developing synergies be- tween DDR and SSR. DDR programmes may benefit from engaging with police public information units to disseminate information about the DDR process at the community level. Pooling financial and human resources including joint information campaigns may contribute to improved outreach, cost-savings and increased coherence.Box 4 DDR\/SSR action points for supporting community security \\n Identify and include relevant law enforcement considerations in DDR planning. Where appropriate, coordinate reintegration with police authorities to promote coherence. \\n Assess the security dynamics of returning ex-combatants. Consider whether information generated from tracking the reintegration of ex-combatants should be shared with the national police. If so, make provision for data confidentiality. \\n Consider opportunities to support joint community safety initiatives (e.g. weapons collection, community policing). \\n Support work with men and boys in violence reduction initiatives, including GBV.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1489, "Sentence":"weapons collection, community policing).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR weapon collection community policing ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.4. Community security initiatives", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Community security initiatives can be considered as a mechanism for both encouraging acceptance of ex-combatants and enhancing the status of local police forces in the eyes of communities (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities). Community-policing is increasingly supported as part of SSR programmes. Integrated DDR programme plan- ning may also include community security projects such as youth at risk programmes and community policing and support services (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).Community security initiatives provide an entry point for developing synergies be- tween DDR and SSR. DDR programmes may benefit from engaging with police public information units to disseminate information about the DDR process at the community level. Pooling financial and human resources including joint information campaigns may contribute to improved outreach, cost-savings and increased coherence.Box 4 DDR\/SSR action points for supporting community security \\n Identify and include relevant law enforcement considerations in DDR planning. Where appropriate, coordinate reintegration with police authorities to promote coherence. \\n Assess the security dynamics of returning ex-combatants. Consider whether information generated from tracking the reintegration of ex-combatants should be shared with the national police. If so, make provision for data confidentiality. \\n Consider opportunities to support joint community safety initiatives (e.g. weapons collection, community policing). \\n Support work with men and boys in violence reduction initiatives, including GBV.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1489, "Sentence":"\\n Support work with men and boys in violence reduction initiatives, including GBV.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n support work men boy violence reduction initiative including gbv ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.5. DDR, SSR and SALW", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"While DDR and SALW control initiatives tend to take place separately, they are linked because in practice they both seek to manage, reduce and control the availability of weapons. SALW control measures are also closely linked to SSR because they depend on the enforce- ment capacity of the police, the ability of border management bodies to restrict illicit flows of these weapons across borders as well as security sector oversight and accountability mechanisms to ensure appropriate control over national stocks.SALW control initiatives may provide an entry point for coordinating DDR-SSR efforts. Developing linkages between national SALW Commissions and DDR\/SSR Commissions may provide one means to institutionalise coordination. To ensure potential synergies are not lost, SALW control measures should form part of joint assessments and be reflected in the design of DDR\/SSR programmes. SALW availability should be a component of conflict and security analysis (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 5.1.).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1490, "Sentence":"While DDR and SALW control initiatives tend to take place separately, they are linked because in practice they both seek to manage, reduce and control the availability of weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ddr salw control initiative tend take place separately linked practice seek manage reduce control availability weapon ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.5. DDR, SSR and SALW", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"While DDR and SALW control initiatives tend to take place separately, they are linked because in practice they both seek to manage, reduce and control the availability of weapons. SALW control measures are also closely linked to SSR because they depend on the enforce- ment capacity of the police, the ability of border management bodies to restrict illicit flows of these weapons across borders as well as security sector oversight and accountability mechanisms to ensure appropriate control over national stocks.SALW control initiatives may provide an entry point for coordinating DDR-SSR efforts. Developing linkages between national SALW Commissions and DDR\/SSR Commissions may provide one means to institutionalise coordination. To ensure potential synergies are not lost, SALW control measures should form part of joint assessments and be reflected in the design of DDR\/SSR programmes. SALW availability should be a component of conflict and security analysis (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 5.1.).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1490, "Sentence":"SALW control measures are also closely linked to SSR because they depend on the enforce- ment capacity of the police, the ability of border management bodies to restrict illicit flows of these weapons across borders as well as security sector oversight and accountability mechanisms to ensure appropriate control over national stocks.SALW control initiatives may provide an entry point for coordinating DDR-SSR efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR salw control measure also closely linked ssr depend enforce ment capacity police ability border management body restrict illicit flow weapon across border well security sector oversight accountability mechanism ensure appropriate control national stocks.salw control initiative may provide entry point coordinating ddrssr effort ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.5. DDR, SSR and SALW", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"While DDR and SALW control initiatives tend to take place separately, they are linked because in practice they both seek to manage, reduce and control the availability of weapons. SALW control measures are also closely linked to SSR because they depend on the enforce- ment capacity of the police, the ability of border management bodies to restrict illicit flows of these weapons across borders as well as security sector oversight and accountability mechanisms to ensure appropriate control over national stocks.SALW control initiatives may provide an entry point for coordinating DDR-SSR efforts. Developing linkages between national SALW Commissions and DDR\/SSR Commissions may provide one means to institutionalise coordination. To ensure potential synergies are not lost, SALW control measures should form part of joint assessments and be reflected in the design of DDR\/SSR programmes. SALW availability should be a component of conflict and security analysis (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 5.1.).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1490, "Sentence":"Developing linkages between national SALW Commissions and DDR\/SSR Commissions may provide one means to institutionalise coordination.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR developing linkage national salw commission ddr\/ssr commission may provide one mean institutionalise coordination ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.5. DDR, SSR and SALW", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"While DDR and SALW control initiatives tend to take place separately, they are linked because in practice they both seek to manage, reduce and control the availability of weapons. SALW control measures are also closely linked to SSR because they depend on the enforce- ment capacity of the police, the ability of border management bodies to restrict illicit flows of these weapons across borders as well as security sector oversight and accountability mechanisms to ensure appropriate control over national stocks.SALW control initiatives may provide an entry point for coordinating DDR-SSR efforts. Developing linkages between national SALW Commissions and DDR\/SSR Commissions may provide one means to institutionalise coordination. To ensure potential synergies are not lost, SALW control measures should form part of joint assessments and be reflected in the design of DDR\/SSR programmes. SALW availability should be a component of conflict and security analysis (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 5.1.).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1490, "Sentence":"To ensure potential synergies are not lost, SALW control measures should form part of joint assessments and be reflected in the design of DDR\/SSR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ensure potential synergy lost salw control measure form part joint assessment reflected design ddr\/ssr programme ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.5. DDR, SSR and SALW", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"While DDR and SALW control initiatives tend to take place separately, they are linked because in practice they both seek to manage, reduce and control the availability of weapons. SALW control measures are also closely linked to SSR because they depend on the enforce- ment capacity of the police, the ability of border management bodies to restrict illicit flows of these weapons across borders as well as security sector oversight and accountability mechanisms to ensure appropriate control over national stocks.SALW control initiatives may provide an entry point for coordinating DDR-SSR efforts. Developing linkages between national SALW Commissions and DDR\/SSR Commissions may provide one means to institutionalise coordination. To ensure potential synergies are not lost, SALW control measures should form part of joint assessments and be reflected in the design of DDR\/SSR programmes. SALW availability should be a component of conflict and security analysis (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 5.1.).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1490, "Sentence":"SALW availability should be a component of conflict and security analysis (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 5.1.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR salw availability component conflict security analysis see iddrs 4.30 social economic reintegration section 5.1 ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.5. DDR, SSR and SALW", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"While DDR and SALW control initiatives tend to take place separately, they are linked because in practice they both seek to manage, reduce and control the availability of weapons. SALW control measures are also closely linked to SSR because they depend on the enforce- ment capacity of the police, the ability of border management bodies to restrict illicit flows of these weapons across borders as well as security sector oversight and accountability mechanisms to ensure appropriate control over national stocks.SALW control initiatives may provide an entry point for coordinating DDR-SSR efforts. Developing linkages between national SALW Commissions and DDR\/SSR Commissions may provide one means to institutionalise coordination. To ensure potential synergies are not lost, SALW control measures should form part of joint assessments and be reflected in the design of DDR\/SSR programmes. SALW availability should be a component of conflict and security analysis (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration, Section 5.1.).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1490, "Sentence":").", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.6. DDR and the private security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"There is a need to understand the influence of DDR processes on the role and capacities of the private security sector and how this affects the security of communities and individuals (see Case Study Box 4). Ex-combatants are a natural target group for recruitment by pri- vate security bodies. However, the security implications of DDR activities in this area are unclear due to lack of knowledge concerning the nature, capacity, motives and the general lack of oversight and accountability of the private security sector.The scale and role of private security bodies should form part of evaluations of ex- combatants reintegrating into rural and urban settings in order to inform potential SSR responses. Complementary SSR initiatives may include regulation of commercial entities or practical measures at the community level to align the roles and objectives of state and non-state security providers.Case Study Box 4 PSC regulation as an entry point for coordination \\n In Afghanistan, increasing numbers of private security companies (PSCs) have contributed to a blurring of roles with illegal armed groups. There are concerns that many ex-combatants joined the private security sector without having to give up their weapons. The heavy weapons carried by some PSCs in Afghanistan have also contributed to negative perceptions in the eyes of local populations. Laws covering PSCs have now been enacted as part of the SSR process in order to regulate the groups and their weapons. The PSC regulatory framework is linked to both the Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups (DIAG) programme and the weapons law. The Joint Secretariat of the DIAG has contributed to the regulation of PSCs by drafting a Government Policy on Private Security Companies. PSC regulation therefore serves as a useful bridge between demilitarization and SSR activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1491, "Sentence":"There is a need to understand the influence of DDR processes on the role and capacities of the private security sector and how this affects the security of communities and individuals (see Case Study Box 4).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR need understand influence ddr process role capacity private security sector affect security community individual see case study box 4 ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.6. DDR and the private security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"There is a need to understand the influence of DDR processes on the role and capacities of the private security sector and how this affects the security of communities and individuals (see Case Study Box 4). Ex-combatants are a natural target group for recruitment by pri- vate security bodies. However, the security implications of DDR activities in this area are unclear due to lack of knowledge concerning the nature, capacity, motives and the general lack of oversight and accountability of the private security sector.The scale and role of private security bodies should form part of evaluations of ex- combatants reintegrating into rural and urban settings in order to inform potential SSR responses. Complementary SSR initiatives may include regulation of commercial entities or practical measures at the community level to align the roles and objectives of state and non-state security providers.Case Study Box 4 PSC regulation as an entry point for coordination \\n In Afghanistan, increasing numbers of private security companies (PSCs) have contributed to a blurring of roles with illegal armed groups. There are concerns that many ex-combatants joined the private security sector without having to give up their weapons. The heavy weapons carried by some PSCs in Afghanistan have also contributed to negative perceptions in the eyes of local populations. Laws covering PSCs have now been enacted as part of the SSR process in order to regulate the groups and their weapons. The PSC regulatory framework is linked to both the Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups (DIAG) programme and the weapons law. The Joint Secretariat of the DIAG has contributed to the regulation of PSCs by drafting a Government Policy on Private Security Companies. PSC regulation therefore serves as a useful bridge between demilitarization and SSR activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1491, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants are a natural target group for recruitment by pri- vate security bodies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR excombatants natural target group recruitment pri vate security body ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.6. DDR and the private security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"There is a need to understand the influence of DDR processes on the role and capacities of the private security sector and how this affects the security of communities and individuals (see Case Study Box 4). Ex-combatants are a natural target group for recruitment by pri- vate security bodies. However, the security implications of DDR activities in this area are unclear due to lack of knowledge concerning the nature, capacity, motives and the general lack of oversight and accountability of the private security sector.The scale and role of private security bodies should form part of evaluations of ex- combatants reintegrating into rural and urban settings in order to inform potential SSR responses. Complementary SSR initiatives may include regulation of commercial entities or practical measures at the community level to align the roles and objectives of state and non-state security providers.Case Study Box 4 PSC regulation as an entry point for coordination \\n In Afghanistan, increasing numbers of private security companies (PSCs) have contributed to a blurring of roles with illegal armed groups. There are concerns that many ex-combatants joined the private security sector without having to give up their weapons. The heavy weapons carried by some PSCs in Afghanistan have also contributed to negative perceptions in the eyes of local populations. Laws covering PSCs have now been enacted as part of the SSR process in order to regulate the groups and their weapons. The PSC regulatory framework is linked to both the Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups (DIAG) programme and the weapons law. The Joint Secretariat of the DIAG has contributed to the regulation of PSCs by drafting a Government Policy on Private Security Companies. PSC regulation therefore serves as a useful bridge between demilitarization and SSR activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1491, "Sentence":"However, the security implications of DDR activities in this area are unclear due to lack of knowledge concerning the nature, capacity, motives and the general lack of oversight and accountability of the private security sector.The scale and role of private security bodies should form part of evaluations of ex- combatants reintegrating into rural and urban settings in order to inform potential SSR responses.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR however security implication ddr activity area unclear due lack knowledge concerning nature capacity motif general lack oversight accountability private security sector.the scale role private security body form part evaluation ex combatant reintegrating rural urban setting order inform potential ssr response ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.6. DDR and the private security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"There is a need to understand the influence of DDR processes on the role and capacities of the private security sector and how this affects the security of communities and individuals (see Case Study Box 4). Ex-combatants are a natural target group for recruitment by pri- vate security bodies. However, the security implications of DDR activities in this area are unclear due to lack of knowledge concerning the nature, capacity, motives and the general lack of oversight and accountability of the private security sector.The scale and role of private security bodies should form part of evaluations of ex- combatants reintegrating into rural and urban settings in order to inform potential SSR responses. Complementary SSR initiatives may include regulation of commercial entities or practical measures at the community level to align the roles and objectives of state and non-state security providers.Case Study Box 4 PSC regulation as an entry point for coordination \\n In Afghanistan, increasing numbers of private security companies (PSCs) have contributed to a blurring of roles with illegal armed groups. There are concerns that many ex-combatants joined the private security sector without having to give up their weapons. The heavy weapons carried by some PSCs in Afghanistan have also contributed to negative perceptions in the eyes of local populations. Laws covering PSCs have now been enacted as part of the SSR process in order to regulate the groups and their weapons. The PSC regulatory framework is linked to both the Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups (DIAG) programme and the weapons law. The Joint Secretariat of the DIAG has contributed to the regulation of PSCs by drafting a Government Policy on Private Security Companies. PSC regulation therefore serves as a useful bridge between demilitarization and SSR activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1491, "Sentence":"Complementary SSR initiatives may include regulation of commercial entities or practical measures at the community level to align the roles and objectives of state and non-state security providers.Case Study Box 4 PSC regulation as an entry point for coordination \\n In Afghanistan, increasing numbers of private security companies (PSCs) have contributed to a blurring of roles with illegal armed groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR complementary ssr initiative may include regulation commercial entity practical measure community level align role objective state nonstate security providers.case study box 4 psc regulation entry point coordination n afghanistan increasing number private security company pscs contributed blurring role illegal armed group ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.6. DDR and the private security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"There is a need to understand the influence of DDR processes on the role and capacities of the private security sector and how this affects the security of communities and individuals (see Case Study Box 4). Ex-combatants are a natural target group for recruitment by pri- vate security bodies. However, the security implications of DDR activities in this area are unclear due to lack of knowledge concerning the nature, capacity, motives and the general lack of oversight and accountability of the private security sector.The scale and role of private security bodies should form part of evaluations of ex- combatants reintegrating into rural and urban settings in order to inform potential SSR responses. Complementary SSR initiatives may include regulation of commercial entities or practical measures at the community level to align the roles and objectives of state and non-state security providers.Case Study Box 4 PSC regulation as an entry point for coordination \\n In Afghanistan, increasing numbers of private security companies (PSCs) have contributed to a blurring of roles with illegal armed groups. There are concerns that many ex-combatants joined the private security sector without having to give up their weapons. The heavy weapons carried by some PSCs in Afghanistan have also contributed to negative perceptions in the eyes of local populations. Laws covering PSCs have now been enacted as part of the SSR process in order to regulate the groups and their weapons. The PSC regulatory framework is linked to both the Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups (DIAG) programme and the weapons law. The Joint Secretariat of the DIAG has contributed to the regulation of PSCs by drafting a Government Policy on Private Security Companies. PSC regulation therefore serves as a useful bridge between demilitarization and SSR activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1491, "Sentence":"There are concerns that many ex-combatants joined the private security sector without having to give up their weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR concern many excombatants joined private security sector without give weapon ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.6. DDR and the private security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"There is a need to understand the influence of DDR processes on the role and capacities of the private security sector and how this affects the security of communities and individuals (see Case Study Box 4). Ex-combatants are a natural target group for recruitment by pri- vate security bodies. However, the security implications of DDR activities in this area are unclear due to lack of knowledge concerning the nature, capacity, motives and the general lack of oversight and accountability of the private security sector.The scale and role of private security bodies should form part of evaluations of ex- combatants reintegrating into rural and urban settings in order to inform potential SSR responses. Complementary SSR initiatives may include regulation of commercial entities or practical measures at the community level to align the roles and objectives of state and non-state security providers.Case Study Box 4 PSC regulation as an entry point for coordination \\n In Afghanistan, increasing numbers of private security companies (PSCs) have contributed to a blurring of roles with illegal armed groups. There are concerns that many ex-combatants joined the private security sector without having to give up their weapons. The heavy weapons carried by some PSCs in Afghanistan have also contributed to negative perceptions in the eyes of local populations. Laws covering PSCs have now been enacted as part of the SSR process in order to regulate the groups and their weapons. The PSC regulatory framework is linked to both the Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups (DIAG) programme and the weapons law. The Joint Secretariat of the DIAG has contributed to the regulation of PSCs by drafting a Government Policy on Private Security Companies. PSC regulation therefore serves as a useful bridge between demilitarization and SSR activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1491, "Sentence":"The heavy weapons carried by some PSCs in Afghanistan have also contributed to negative perceptions in the eyes of local populations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR heavy weapon carried pscs afghanistan also contributed negative perception eye local population ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.6. DDR and the private security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"There is a need to understand the influence of DDR processes on the role and capacities of the private security sector and how this affects the security of communities and individuals (see Case Study Box 4). Ex-combatants are a natural target group for recruitment by pri- vate security bodies. However, the security implications of DDR activities in this area are unclear due to lack of knowledge concerning the nature, capacity, motives and the general lack of oversight and accountability of the private security sector.The scale and role of private security bodies should form part of evaluations of ex- combatants reintegrating into rural and urban settings in order to inform potential SSR responses. Complementary SSR initiatives may include regulation of commercial entities or practical measures at the community level to align the roles and objectives of state and non-state security providers.Case Study Box 4 PSC regulation as an entry point for coordination \\n In Afghanistan, increasing numbers of private security companies (PSCs) have contributed to a blurring of roles with illegal armed groups. There are concerns that many ex-combatants joined the private security sector without having to give up their weapons. The heavy weapons carried by some PSCs in Afghanistan have also contributed to negative perceptions in the eyes of local populations. Laws covering PSCs have now been enacted as part of the SSR process in order to regulate the groups and their weapons. The PSC regulatory framework is linked to both the Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups (DIAG) programme and the weapons law. The Joint Secretariat of the DIAG has contributed to the regulation of PSCs by drafting a Government Policy on Private Security Companies. PSC regulation therefore serves as a useful bridge between demilitarization and SSR activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1491, "Sentence":"Laws covering PSCs have now been enacted as part of the SSR process in order to regulate the groups and their weapons.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR law covering pscs enacted part ssr process order regulate group weapon ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.6. DDR and the private security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"There is a need to understand the influence of DDR processes on the role and capacities of the private security sector and how this affects the security of communities and individuals (see Case Study Box 4). Ex-combatants are a natural target group for recruitment by pri- vate security bodies. However, the security implications of DDR activities in this area are unclear due to lack of knowledge concerning the nature, capacity, motives and the general lack of oversight and accountability of the private security sector.The scale and role of private security bodies should form part of evaluations of ex- combatants reintegrating into rural and urban settings in order to inform potential SSR responses. Complementary SSR initiatives may include regulation of commercial entities or practical measures at the community level to align the roles and objectives of state and non-state security providers.Case Study Box 4 PSC regulation as an entry point for coordination \\n In Afghanistan, increasing numbers of private security companies (PSCs) have contributed to a blurring of roles with illegal armed groups. There are concerns that many ex-combatants joined the private security sector without having to give up their weapons. The heavy weapons carried by some PSCs in Afghanistan have also contributed to negative perceptions in the eyes of local populations. Laws covering PSCs have now been enacted as part of the SSR process in order to regulate the groups and their weapons. The PSC regulatory framework is linked to both the Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups (DIAG) programme and the weapons law. The Joint Secretariat of the DIAG has contributed to the regulation of PSCs by drafting a Government Policy on Private Security Companies. PSC regulation therefore serves as a useful bridge between demilitarization and SSR activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1491, "Sentence":"The PSC regulatory framework is linked to both the Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups (DIAG) programme and the weapons law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR psc regulatory framework linked disbandment illegal armed group diag programme weapon law ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.6. DDR and the private security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"There is a need to understand the influence of DDR processes on the role and capacities of the private security sector and how this affects the security of communities and individuals (see Case Study Box 4). Ex-combatants are a natural target group for recruitment by pri- vate security bodies. However, the security implications of DDR activities in this area are unclear due to lack of knowledge concerning the nature, capacity, motives and the general lack of oversight and accountability of the private security sector.The scale and role of private security bodies should form part of evaluations of ex- combatants reintegrating into rural and urban settings in order to inform potential SSR responses. Complementary SSR initiatives may include regulation of commercial entities or practical measures at the community level to align the roles and objectives of state and non-state security providers.Case Study Box 4 PSC regulation as an entry point for coordination \\n In Afghanistan, increasing numbers of private security companies (PSCs) have contributed to a blurring of roles with illegal armed groups. There are concerns that many ex-combatants joined the private security sector without having to give up their weapons. The heavy weapons carried by some PSCs in Afghanistan have also contributed to negative perceptions in the eyes of local populations. Laws covering PSCs have now been enacted as part of the SSR process in order to regulate the groups and their weapons. The PSC regulatory framework is linked to both the Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups (DIAG) programme and the weapons law. The Joint Secretariat of the DIAG has contributed to the regulation of PSCs by drafting a Government Policy on Private Security Companies. PSC regulation therefore serves as a useful bridge between demilitarization and SSR activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1491, "Sentence":"The Joint Secretariat of the DIAG has contributed to the regulation of PSCs by drafting a Government Policy on Private Security Companies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR joint secretariat diag contributed regulation pscs drafting government policy private security company ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.6. DDR and the private security sector", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"There is a need to understand the influence of DDR processes on the role and capacities of the private security sector and how this affects the security of communities and individuals (see Case Study Box 4). Ex-combatants are a natural target group for recruitment by pri- vate security bodies. However, the security implications of DDR activities in this area are unclear due to lack of knowledge concerning the nature, capacity, motives and the general lack of oversight and accountability of the private security sector.The scale and role of private security bodies should form part of evaluations of ex- combatants reintegrating into rural and urban settings in order to inform potential SSR responses. Complementary SSR initiatives may include regulation of commercial entities or practical measures at the community level to align the roles and objectives of state and non-state security providers.Case Study Box 4 PSC regulation as an entry point for coordination \\n In Afghanistan, increasing numbers of private security companies (PSCs) have contributed to a blurring of roles with illegal armed groups. There are concerns that many ex-combatants joined the private security sector without having to give up their weapons. The heavy weapons carried by some PSCs in Afghanistan have also contributed to negative perceptions in the eyes of local populations. Laws covering PSCs have now been enacted as part of the SSR process in order to regulate the groups and their weapons. The PSC regulatory framework is linked to both the Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups (DIAG) programme and the weapons law. The Joint Secretariat of the DIAG has contributed to the regulation of PSCs by drafting a Government Policy on Private Security Companies. PSC regulation therefore serves as a useful bridge between demilitarization and SSR activities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1491, "Sentence":"PSC regulation therefore serves as a useful bridge between demilitarization and SSR activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR psc regulation therefore serf useful bridge demilitarization ssr activity ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.7. DDR and border management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Instability is exacerbated by the flow of combatants as well as the trafficking of people, arms and other goods across porous borders. Cross-border trafficking can provide com- batants with the resource base and motivation to resist entering the DDR process. There is also a risk of re-recruitment of ex-combatants into armed groups in adjacent countries, thus undermining regional stability. Developing sustainable border management capacities can therefore enhance the effectiveness of disarmament measures, prevent the re-recruitment of foreign combatants that transit across borders and contribute to the protection of vulner- able communities.Training and capacity building activities should acknowledge linkages between DDR and border security. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should address re- gional security considerations including cross-border flows of combatants in order to coor- dinate responses with border security authorities. At the same time, adequate options and opportunities should be open to ex-combatants in case they are intercepted at the border. Lack of logistics and personnel capacity as well as inaccessibility of border areas can pose major challenges that should be addressed through complementary SSR activities. SALW projects may also benefit from coordination with border management programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1492, "Sentence":"Instability is exacerbated by the flow of combatants as well as the trafficking of people, arms and other goods across porous borders.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR instability exacerbated flow combatant well trafficking people arm good across porous border ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.7. DDR and border management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Instability is exacerbated by the flow of combatants as well as the trafficking of people, arms and other goods across porous borders. Cross-border trafficking can provide com- batants with the resource base and motivation to resist entering the DDR process. There is also a risk of re-recruitment of ex-combatants into armed groups in adjacent countries, thus undermining regional stability. Developing sustainable border management capacities can therefore enhance the effectiveness of disarmament measures, prevent the re-recruitment of foreign combatants that transit across borders and contribute to the protection of vulner- able communities.Training and capacity building activities should acknowledge linkages between DDR and border security. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should address re- gional security considerations including cross-border flows of combatants in order to coor- dinate responses with border security authorities. At the same time, adequate options and opportunities should be open to ex-combatants in case they are intercepted at the border. Lack of logistics and personnel capacity as well as inaccessibility of border areas can pose major challenges that should be addressed through complementary SSR activities. SALW projects may also benefit from coordination with border management programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1492, "Sentence":"Cross-border trafficking can provide com- batants with the resource base and motivation to resist entering the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR crossborder trafficking provide com batants resource base motivation resist entering ddr process ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.7. DDR and border management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Instability is exacerbated by the flow of combatants as well as the trafficking of people, arms and other goods across porous borders. Cross-border trafficking can provide com- batants with the resource base and motivation to resist entering the DDR process. There is also a risk of re-recruitment of ex-combatants into armed groups in adjacent countries, thus undermining regional stability. Developing sustainable border management capacities can therefore enhance the effectiveness of disarmament measures, prevent the re-recruitment of foreign combatants that transit across borders and contribute to the protection of vulner- able communities.Training and capacity building activities should acknowledge linkages between DDR and border security. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should address re- gional security considerations including cross-border flows of combatants in order to coor- dinate responses with border security authorities. At the same time, adequate options and opportunities should be open to ex-combatants in case they are intercepted at the border. Lack of logistics and personnel capacity as well as inaccessibility of border areas can pose major challenges that should be addressed through complementary SSR activities. SALW projects may also benefit from coordination with border management programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1492, "Sentence":"There is also a risk of re-recruitment of ex-combatants into armed groups in adjacent countries, thus undermining regional stability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR also risk rerecruitment excombatants armed group adjacent country thus undermining regional stability ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.7. DDR and border management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Instability is exacerbated by the flow of combatants as well as the trafficking of people, arms and other goods across porous borders. Cross-border trafficking can provide com- batants with the resource base and motivation to resist entering the DDR process. There is also a risk of re-recruitment of ex-combatants into armed groups in adjacent countries, thus undermining regional stability. Developing sustainable border management capacities can therefore enhance the effectiveness of disarmament measures, prevent the re-recruitment of foreign combatants that transit across borders and contribute to the protection of vulner- able communities.Training and capacity building activities should acknowledge linkages between DDR and border security. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should address re- gional security considerations including cross-border flows of combatants in order to coor- dinate responses with border security authorities. At the same time, adequate options and opportunities should be open to ex-combatants in case they are intercepted at the border. Lack of logistics and personnel capacity as well as inaccessibility of border areas can pose major challenges that should be addressed through complementary SSR activities. SALW projects may also benefit from coordination with border management programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1492, "Sentence":"Developing sustainable border management capacities can therefore enhance the effectiveness of disarmament measures, prevent the re-recruitment of foreign combatants that transit across borders and contribute to the protection of vulner- able communities.Training and capacity building activities should acknowledge linkages between DDR and border security.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR developing sustainable border management capacity therefore enhance effectiveness disarmament measure prevent rerecruitment foreign combatant transit across border contribute protection vulner able communities.training capacity building activity acknowledge linkage ddr border security ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.7. DDR and border management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Instability is exacerbated by the flow of combatants as well as the trafficking of people, arms and other goods across porous borders. Cross-border trafficking can provide com- batants with the resource base and motivation to resist entering the DDR process. There is also a risk of re-recruitment of ex-combatants into armed groups in adjacent countries, thus undermining regional stability. Developing sustainable border management capacities can therefore enhance the effectiveness of disarmament measures, prevent the re-recruitment of foreign combatants that transit across borders and contribute to the protection of vulner- able communities.Training and capacity building activities should acknowledge linkages between DDR and border security. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should address re- gional security considerations including cross-border flows of combatants in order to coor- dinate responses with border security authorities. At the same time, adequate options and opportunities should be open to ex-combatants in case they are intercepted at the border. Lack of logistics and personnel capacity as well as inaccessibility of border areas can pose major challenges that should be addressed through complementary SSR activities. SALW projects may also benefit from coordination with border management programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1492, "Sentence":"Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should address re- gional security considerations including cross-border flows of combatants in order to coor- dinate responses with border security authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR appropriate conflict security analysis address gional security consideration including crossborder flow combatant order coor dinate response border security authority ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.7. DDR and border management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Instability is exacerbated by the flow of combatants as well as the trafficking of people, arms and other goods across porous borders. Cross-border trafficking can provide com- batants with the resource base and motivation to resist entering the DDR process. There is also a risk of re-recruitment of ex-combatants into armed groups in adjacent countries, thus undermining regional stability. Developing sustainable border management capacities can therefore enhance the effectiveness of disarmament measures, prevent the re-recruitment of foreign combatants that transit across borders and contribute to the protection of vulner- able communities.Training and capacity building activities should acknowledge linkages between DDR and border security. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should address re- gional security considerations including cross-border flows of combatants in order to coor- dinate responses with border security authorities. At the same time, adequate options and opportunities should be open to ex-combatants in case they are intercepted at the border. Lack of logistics and personnel capacity as well as inaccessibility of border areas can pose major challenges that should be addressed through complementary SSR activities. SALW projects may also benefit from coordination with border management programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1492, "Sentence":"At the same time, adequate options and opportunities should be open to ex-combatants in case they are intercepted at the border.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR time adequate option opportunity open excombatants case intercepted border ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.7. DDR and border management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Instability is exacerbated by the flow of combatants as well as the trafficking of people, arms and other goods across porous borders. Cross-border trafficking can provide com- batants with the resource base and motivation to resist entering the DDR process. There is also a risk of re-recruitment of ex-combatants into armed groups in adjacent countries, thus undermining regional stability. Developing sustainable border management capacities can therefore enhance the effectiveness of disarmament measures, prevent the re-recruitment of foreign combatants that transit across borders and contribute to the protection of vulner- able communities.Training and capacity building activities should acknowledge linkages between DDR and border security. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should address re- gional security considerations including cross-border flows of combatants in order to coor- dinate responses with border security authorities. At the same time, adequate options and opportunities should be open to ex-combatants in case they are intercepted at the border. Lack of logistics and personnel capacity as well as inaccessibility of border areas can pose major challenges that should be addressed through complementary SSR activities. SALW projects may also benefit from coordination with border management programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1492, "Sentence":"Lack of logistics and personnel capacity as well as inaccessibility of border areas can pose major challenges that should be addressed through complementary SSR activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR lack logistics personnel capacity well inaccessibility border area pose major challenge addressed complementary ssr activity ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"8. DDR and SSR dynamics to consider before and during reintegration", "Heading2":"8.7. DDR and border management", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":16, "Paragraph":"Instability is exacerbated by the flow of combatants as well as the trafficking of people, arms and other goods across porous borders. Cross-border trafficking can provide com- batants with the resource base and motivation to resist entering the DDR process. There is also a risk of re-recruitment of ex-combatants into armed groups in adjacent countries, thus undermining regional stability. Developing sustainable border management capacities can therefore enhance the effectiveness of disarmament measures, prevent the re-recruitment of foreign combatants that transit across borders and contribute to the protection of vulner- able communities.Training and capacity building activities should acknowledge linkages between DDR and border security. Where appropriate, conflict and security analysis should address re- gional security considerations including cross-border flows of combatants in order to coor- dinate responses with border security authorities. At the same time, adequate options and opportunities should be open to ex-combatants in case they are intercepted at the border. Lack of logistics and personnel capacity as well as inaccessibility of border areas can pose major challenges that should be addressed through complementary SSR activities. SALW projects may also benefit from coordination with border management programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1492, "Sentence":"SALW projects may also benefit from coordination with border management programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR salw project may also benefit coordination border management programme ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"DDR and related programmes should be mutually supportive and integrated within a common framework (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design). This section proposes ways to appropriately integrate SSR concerns into DDR assessments, programme design, monitoring and evaluation (9.1-9.3). To avoid unrealistic and counter-productive approaches, decisions on how to sequence activities should be tailored to context-specific security, political and socio-economic factors. Entry points are therefore identified where DDR\/SSR concerns may be usefully considered (9.4).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1493, "Sentence":"DDR and related programmes should be mutually supportive and integrated within a common framework (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ddr related programme mutually supportive integrated within common framework see iddrs 3.20 ddr programme design ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"DDR and related programmes should be mutually supportive and integrated within a common framework (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design). This section proposes ways to appropriately integrate SSR concerns into DDR assessments, programme design, monitoring and evaluation (9.1-9.3). To avoid unrealistic and counter-productive approaches, decisions on how to sequence activities should be tailored to context-specific security, political and socio-economic factors. Entry points are therefore identified where DDR\/SSR concerns may be usefully considered (9.4).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1493, "Sentence":"This section proposes ways to appropriately integrate SSR concerns into DDR assessments, programme design, monitoring and evaluation (9.1-9.3).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR section proposes way appropriately integrate ssr concern ddr assessment programme design monitoring evaluation 9.19.3 ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"DDR and related programmes should be mutually supportive and integrated within a common framework (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design). This section proposes ways to appropriately integrate SSR concerns into DDR assessments, programme design, monitoring and evaluation (9.1-9.3). To avoid unrealistic and counter-productive approaches, decisions on how to sequence activities should be tailored to context-specific security, political and socio-economic factors. Entry points are therefore identified where DDR\/SSR concerns may be usefully considered (9.4).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1493, "Sentence":"To avoid unrealistic and counter-productive approaches, decisions on how to sequence activities should be tailored to context-specific security, political and socio-economic factors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR avoid unrealistic counterproductive approach decision sequence activity tailored contextspecific security political socioeconomic factor ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"DDR and related programmes should be mutually supportive and integrated within a common framework (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design). This section proposes ways to appropriately integrate SSR concerns into DDR assessments, programme design, monitoring and evaluation (9.1-9.3). To avoid unrealistic and counter-productive approaches, decisions on how to sequence activities should be tailored to context-specific security, political and socio-economic factors. Entry points are therefore identified where DDR\/SSR concerns may be usefully considered (9.4).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1493, "Sentence":"Entry points are therefore identified where DDR\/SSR concerns may be usefully considered (9.4).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR entry point therefore identified ddr\/ssr concern may usefully considered 9.4 ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Needs assessments are undertaken periodically in order to help planners and programmers understand progress and undertake appropriate course corrections. During the period prior to the development of a DDR programme, assessments can have the dual purpose of identifying programming options and providing guidance for DDR-related input into peace agreementsWhile DDR specialists should be included in integrated assessments that situate DDR within broader UN and national planning (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning) this should also be a regular practice for SSR. Promoting joint assessments through includ- ing representatives of other relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be encouraged to enhance coherence and reduce duplication. In designing DDR assessments, SSR con- siderations should be reflected in ToRs, the composition of assessment teams and in the knowledge gathered during assessment missions (see Box 5).Box 5 Designing SSR-sensitive assessments \\n Developing the terms of reference \u2013 Terms of reference (ToRs) for DDR assessments should include the need to consider potential synergies between DDR and SSR that can be identified and fed into planning processes. Draft ToRs should be shared between relevant DDR and SSR focal points to ensure that all relevant and cross-cutting issues are considered. The ToRs should also set out the composition of the assessment team. \\n Composing the assessment team \u2013 Assessment teams should be multi-sectoral and include experts or focal points from related fields that are linked to the DDR process. The inclusion of SSR expertise represents an important way of creating an informed view on the relationship between DDR and SSR. In providing inputs to more general assessments, broad expertise on the political and integrated nature of an SSR process may be more important than sector-specific knowledge. Where appropriate, experts from relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be included. Including host state nationals or experts from the region within assessment teams will improve contextual understanding and awareness of local sensitivities and demonstrate a commitment to national ownership. Inclusion of team members with appropriate local language skills is essential. \\n Information gathering \u2013 Knowledge should be captured on SSR-relevant issues in a given context. It is important to engage with representatives of local communities including non-state and community-based security providers. This will help clarify community perceptions of security provision and vulnerabilities and identify the potential for tensions when ex-combatants are reintegrated into communities, including how this may be tied to weapons availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1494, "Sentence":"Needs assessments are undertaken periodically in order to help planners and programmers understand progress and undertake appropriate course corrections.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR need assessment undertaken periodically order help planner programmer understand progress undertake appropriate course correction ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Needs assessments are undertaken periodically in order to help planners and programmers understand progress and undertake appropriate course corrections. During the period prior to the development of a DDR programme, assessments can have the dual purpose of identifying programming options and providing guidance for DDR-related input into peace agreementsWhile DDR specialists should be included in integrated assessments that situate DDR within broader UN and national planning (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning) this should also be a regular practice for SSR. Promoting joint assessments through includ- ing representatives of other relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be encouraged to enhance coherence and reduce duplication. In designing DDR assessments, SSR con- siderations should be reflected in ToRs, the composition of assessment teams and in the knowledge gathered during assessment missions (see Box 5).Box 5 Designing SSR-sensitive assessments \\n Developing the terms of reference \u2013 Terms of reference (ToRs) for DDR assessments should include the need to consider potential synergies between DDR and SSR that can be identified and fed into planning processes. Draft ToRs should be shared between relevant DDR and SSR focal points to ensure that all relevant and cross-cutting issues are considered. The ToRs should also set out the composition of the assessment team. \\n Composing the assessment team \u2013 Assessment teams should be multi-sectoral and include experts or focal points from related fields that are linked to the DDR process. The inclusion of SSR expertise represents an important way of creating an informed view on the relationship between DDR and SSR. In providing inputs to more general assessments, broad expertise on the political and integrated nature of an SSR process may be more important than sector-specific knowledge. Where appropriate, experts from relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be included. Including host state nationals or experts from the region within assessment teams will improve contextual understanding and awareness of local sensitivities and demonstrate a commitment to national ownership. Inclusion of team members with appropriate local language skills is essential. \\n Information gathering \u2013 Knowledge should be captured on SSR-relevant issues in a given context. It is important to engage with representatives of local communities including non-state and community-based security providers. This will help clarify community perceptions of security provision and vulnerabilities and identify the potential for tensions when ex-combatants are reintegrated into communities, including how this may be tied to weapons availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1494, "Sentence":"During the period prior to the development of a DDR programme, assessments can have the dual purpose of identifying programming options and providing guidance for DDR-related input into peace agreementsWhile DDR specialists should be included in integrated assessments that situate DDR within broader UN and national planning (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning) this should also be a regular practice for SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR period prior development ddr programme assessment dual purpose identifying programming option providing guidance ddrrelated input peace agreementswhile ddr specialist included integrated assessment situate ddr within broader un national planning see iddrs 3.10 integrated ddr planning also regular practice ssr ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Needs assessments are undertaken periodically in order to help planners and programmers understand progress and undertake appropriate course corrections. During the period prior to the development of a DDR programme, assessments can have the dual purpose of identifying programming options and providing guidance for DDR-related input into peace agreementsWhile DDR specialists should be included in integrated assessments that situate DDR within broader UN and national planning (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning) this should also be a regular practice for SSR. Promoting joint assessments through includ- ing representatives of other relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be encouraged to enhance coherence and reduce duplication. In designing DDR assessments, SSR con- siderations should be reflected in ToRs, the composition of assessment teams and in the knowledge gathered during assessment missions (see Box 5).Box 5 Designing SSR-sensitive assessments \\n Developing the terms of reference \u2013 Terms of reference (ToRs) for DDR assessments should include the need to consider potential synergies between DDR and SSR that can be identified and fed into planning processes. Draft ToRs should be shared between relevant DDR and SSR focal points to ensure that all relevant and cross-cutting issues are considered. The ToRs should also set out the composition of the assessment team. \\n Composing the assessment team \u2013 Assessment teams should be multi-sectoral and include experts or focal points from related fields that are linked to the DDR process. The inclusion of SSR expertise represents an important way of creating an informed view on the relationship between DDR and SSR. In providing inputs to more general assessments, broad expertise on the political and integrated nature of an SSR process may be more important than sector-specific knowledge. Where appropriate, experts from relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be included. Including host state nationals or experts from the region within assessment teams will improve contextual understanding and awareness of local sensitivities and demonstrate a commitment to national ownership. Inclusion of team members with appropriate local language skills is essential. \\n Information gathering \u2013 Knowledge should be captured on SSR-relevant issues in a given context. It is important to engage with representatives of local communities including non-state and community-based security providers. This will help clarify community perceptions of security provision and vulnerabilities and identify the potential for tensions when ex-combatants are reintegrated into communities, including how this may be tied to weapons availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1494, "Sentence":"Promoting joint assessments through includ- ing representatives of other relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be encouraged to enhance coherence and reduce duplication.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR promoting joint assessment includ ing representative relevant bilateral\/multilateral actor also encouraged enhance coherence reduce duplication ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Needs assessments are undertaken periodically in order to help planners and programmers understand progress and undertake appropriate course corrections. During the period prior to the development of a DDR programme, assessments can have the dual purpose of identifying programming options and providing guidance for DDR-related input into peace agreementsWhile DDR specialists should be included in integrated assessments that situate DDR within broader UN and national planning (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning) this should also be a regular practice for SSR. Promoting joint assessments through includ- ing representatives of other relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be encouraged to enhance coherence and reduce duplication. In designing DDR assessments, SSR con- siderations should be reflected in ToRs, the composition of assessment teams and in the knowledge gathered during assessment missions (see Box 5).Box 5 Designing SSR-sensitive assessments \\n Developing the terms of reference \u2013 Terms of reference (ToRs) for DDR assessments should include the need to consider potential synergies between DDR and SSR that can be identified and fed into planning processes. Draft ToRs should be shared between relevant DDR and SSR focal points to ensure that all relevant and cross-cutting issues are considered. The ToRs should also set out the composition of the assessment team. \\n Composing the assessment team \u2013 Assessment teams should be multi-sectoral and include experts or focal points from related fields that are linked to the DDR process. The inclusion of SSR expertise represents an important way of creating an informed view on the relationship between DDR and SSR. In providing inputs to more general assessments, broad expertise on the political and integrated nature of an SSR process may be more important than sector-specific knowledge. Where appropriate, experts from relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be included. Including host state nationals or experts from the region within assessment teams will improve contextual understanding and awareness of local sensitivities and demonstrate a commitment to national ownership. Inclusion of team members with appropriate local language skills is essential. \\n Information gathering \u2013 Knowledge should be captured on SSR-relevant issues in a given context. It is important to engage with representatives of local communities including non-state and community-based security providers. This will help clarify community perceptions of security provision and vulnerabilities and identify the potential for tensions when ex-combatants are reintegrated into communities, including how this may be tied to weapons availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1494, "Sentence":"In designing DDR assessments, SSR con- siderations should be reflected in ToRs, the composition of assessment teams and in the knowledge gathered during assessment missions (see Box 5).Box 5 Designing SSR-sensitive assessments \\n Developing the terms of reference \u2013 Terms of reference (ToRs) for DDR assessments should include the need to consider potential synergies between DDR and SSR that can be identified and fed into planning processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR designing ddr assessment ssr con siderations reflected tor composition assessment team knowledge gathered assessment mission see box 5.box 5 designing ssrsensitive assessment n developing term reference \u2013 term reference tor ddr assessment include need consider potential synergy ddr ssr identified fed planning process ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Needs assessments are undertaken periodically in order to help planners and programmers understand progress and undertake appropriate course corrections. During the period prior to the development of a DDR programme, assessments can have the dual purpose of identifying programming options and providing guidance for DDR-related input into peace agreementsWhile DDR specialists should be included in integrated assessments that situate DDR within broader UN and national planning (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning) this should also be a regular practice for SSR. Promoting joint assessments through includ- ing representatives of other relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be encouraged to enhance coherence and reduce duplication. In designing DDR assessments, SSR con- siderations should be reflected in ToRs, the composition of assessment teams and in the knowledge gathered during assessment missions (see Box 5).Box 5 Designing SSR-sensitive assessments \\n Developing the terms of reference \u2013 Terms of reference (ToRs) for DDR assessments should include the need to consider potential synergies between DDR and SSR that can be identified and fed into planning processes. Draft ToRs should be shared between relevant DDR and SSR focal points to ensure that all relevant and cross-cutting issues are considered. The ToRs should also set out the composition of the assessment team. \\n Composing the assessment team \u2013 Assessment teams should be multi-sectoral and include experts or focal points from related fields that are linked to the DDR process. The inclusion of SSR expertise represents an important way of creating an informed view on the relationship between DDR and SSR. In providing inputs to more general assessments, broad expertise on the political and integrated nature of an SSR process may be more important than sector-specific knowledge. Where appropriate, experts from relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be included. Including host state nationals or experts from the region within assessment teams will improve contextual understanding and awareness of local sensitivities and demonstrate a commitment to national ownership. Inclusion of team members with appropriate local language skills is essential. \\n Information gathering \u2013 Knowledge should be captured on SSR-relevant issues in a given context. It is important to engage with representatives of local communities including non-state and community-based security providers. This will help clarify community perceptions of security provision and vulnerabilities and identify the potential for tensions when ex-combatants are reintegrated into communities, including how this may be tied to weapons availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1494, "Sentence":"Draft ToRs should be shared between relevant DDR and SSR focal points to ensure that all relevant and cross-cutting issues are considered.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR draft tor shared relevant ddr ssr focal point ensure relevant crosscutting issue considered ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Needs assessments are undertaken periodically in order to help planners and programmers understand progress and undertake appropriate course corrections. During the period prior to the development of a DDR programme, assessments can have the dual purpose of identifying programming options and providing guidance for DDR-related input into peace agreementsWhile DDR specialists should be included in integrated assessments that situate DDR within broader UN and national planning (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning) this should also be a regular practice for SSR. Promoting joint assessments through includ- ing representatives of other relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be encouraged to enhance coherence and reduce duplication. In designing DDR assessments, SSR con- siderations should be reflected in ToRs, the composition of assessment teams and in the knowledge gathered during assessment missions (see Box 5).Box 5 Designing SSR-sensitive assessments \\n Developing the terms of reference \u2013 Terms of reference (ToRs) for DDR assessments should include the need to consider potential synergies between DDR and SSR that can be identified and fed into planning processes. Draft ToRs should be shared between relevant DDR and SSR focal points to ensure that all relevant and cross-cutting issues are considered. The ToRs should also set out the composition of the assessment team. \\n Composing the assessment team \u2013 Assessment teams should be multi-sectoral and include experts or focal points from related fields that are linked to the DDR process. The inclusion of SSR expertise represents an important way of creating an informed view on the relationship between DDR and SSR. In providing inputs to more general assessments, broad expertise on the political and integrated nature of an SSR process may be more important than sector-specific knowledge. Where appropriate, experts from relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be included. Including host state nationals or experts from the region within assessment teams will improve contextual understanding and awareness of local sensitivities and demonstrate a commitment to national ownership. Inclusion of team members with appropriate local language skills is essential. \\n Information gathering \u2013 Knowledge should be captured on SSR-relevant issues in a given context. It is important to engage with representatives of local communities including non-state and community-based security providers. This will help clarify community perceptions of security provision and vulnerabilities and identify the potential for tensions when ex-combatants are reintegrated into communities, including how this may be tied to weapons availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1494, "Sentence":"The ToRs should also set out the composition of the assessment team.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR tor also set composition assessment team ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Needs assessments are undertaken periodically in order to help planners and programmers understand progress and undertake appropriate course corrections. During the period prior to the development of a DDR programme, assessments can have the dual purpose of identifying programming options and providing guidance for DDR-related input into peace agreementsWhile DDR specialists should be included in integrated assessments that situate DDR within broader UN and national planning (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning) this should also be a regular practice for SSR. Promoting joint assessments through includ- ing representatives of other relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be encouraged to enhance coherence and reduce duplication. In designing DDR assessments, SSR con- siderations should be reflected in ToRs, the composition of assessment teams and in the knowledge gathered during assessment missions (see Box 5).Box 5 Designing SSR-sensitive assessments \\n Developing the terms of reference \u2013 Terms of reference (ToRs) for DDR assessments should include the need to consider potential synergies between DDR and SSR that can be identified and fed into planning processes. Draft ToRs should be shared between relevant DDR and SSR focal points to ensure that all relevant and cross-cutting issues are considered. The ToRs should also set out the composition of the assessment team. \\n Composing the assessment team \u2013 Assessment teams should be multi-sectoral and include experts or focal points from related fields that are linked to the DDR process. The inclusion of SSR expertise represents an important way of creating an informed view on the relationship between DDR and SSR. In providing inputs to more general assessments, broad expertise on the political and integrated nature of an SSR process may be more important than sector-specific knowledge. Where appropriate, experts from relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be included. Including host state nationals or experts from the region within assessment teams will improve contextual understanding and awareness of local sensitivities and demonstrate a commitment to national ownership. Inclusion of team members with appropriate local language skills is essential. \\n Information gathering \u2013 Knowledge should be captured on SSR-relevant issues in a given context. It is important to engage with representatives of local communities including non-state and community-based security providers. This will help clarify community perceptions of security provision and vulnerabilities and identify the potential for tensions when ex-combatants are reintegrated into communities, including how this may be tied to weapons availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1494, "Sentence":"\\n Composing the assessment team \u2013 Assessment teams should be multi-sectoral and include experts or focal points from related fields that are linked to the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n composing assessment team \u2013 assessment team multisectoral include expert focal point related field linked ddr process ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Needs assessments are undertaken periodically in order to help planners and programmers understand progress and undertake appropriate course corrections. During the period prior to the development of a DDR programme, assessments can have the dual purpose of identifying programming options and providing guidance for DDR-related input into peace agreementsWhile DDR specialists should be included in integrated assessments that situate DDR within broader UN and national planning (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning) this should also be a regular practice for SSR. Promoting joint assessments through includ- ing representatives of other relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be encouraged to enhance coherence and reduce duplication. In designing DDR assessments, SSR con- siderations should be reflected in ToRs, the composition of assessment teams and in the knowledge gathered during assessment missions (see Box 5).Box 5 Designing SSR-sensitive assessments \\n Developing the terms of reference \u2013 Terms of reference (ToRs) for DDR assessments should include the need to consider potential synergies between DDR and SSR that can be identified and fed into planning processes. Draft ToRs should be shared between relevant DDR and SSR focal points to ensure that all relevant and cross-cutting issues are considered. The ToRs should also set out the composition of the assessment team. \\n Composing the assessment team \u2013 Assessment teams should be multi-sectoral and include experts or focal points from related fields that are linked to the DDR process. The inclusion of SSR expertise represents an important way of creating an informed view on the relationship between DDR and SSR. In providing inputs to more general assessments, broad expertise on the political and integrated nature of an SSR process may be more important than sector-specific knowledge. Where appropriate, experts from relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be included. Including host state nationals or experts from the region within assessment teams will improve contextual understanding and awareness of local sensitivities and demonstrate a commitment to national ownership. Inclusion of team members with appropriate local language skills is essential. \\n Information gathering \u2013 Knowledge should be captured on SSR-relevant issues in a given context. It is important to engage with representatives of local communities including non-state and community-based security providers. This will help clarify community perceptions of security provision and vulnerabilities and identify the potential for tensions when ex-combatants are reintegrated into communities, including how this may be tied to weapons availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1494, "Sentence":"The inclusion of SSR expertise represents an important way of creating an informed view on the relationship between DDR and SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR inclusion ssr expertise represents important way creating informed view relationship ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Needs assessments are undertaken periodically in order to help planners and programmers understand progress and undertake appropriate course corrections. During the period prior to the development of a DDR programme, assessments can have the dual purpose of identifying programming options and providing guidance for DDR-related input into peace agreementsWhile DDR specialists should be included in integrated assessments that situate DDR within broader UN and national planning (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning) this should also be a regular practice for SSR. Promoting joint assessments through includ- ing representatives of other relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be encouraged to enhance coherence and reduce duplication. In designing DDR assessments, SSR con- siderations should be reflected in ToRs, the composition of assessment teams and in the knowledge gathered during assessment missions (see Box 5).Box 5 Designing SSR-sensitive assessments \\n Developing the terms of reference \u2013 Terms of reference (ToRs) for DDR assessments should include the need to consider potential synergies between DDR and SSR that can be identified and fed into planning processes. Draft ToRs should be shared between relevant DDR and SSR focal points to ensure that all relevant and cross-cutting issues are considered. The ToRs should also set out the composition of the assessment team. \\n Composing the assessment team \u2013 Assessment teams should be multi-sectoral and include experts or focal points from related fields that are linked to the DDR process. The inclusion of SSR expertise represents an important way of creating an informed view on the relationship between DDR and SSR. In providing inputs to more general assessments, broad expertise on the political and integrated nature of an SSR process may be more important than sector-specific knowledge. Where appropriate, experts from relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be included. Including host state nationals or experts from the region within assessment teams will improve contextual understanding and awareness of local sensitivities and demonstrate a commitment to national ownership. Inclusion of team members with appropriate local language skills is essential. \\n Information gathering \u2013 Knowledge should be captured on SSR-relevant issues in a given context. It is important to engage with representatives of local communities including non-state and community-based security providers. This will help clarify community perceptions of security provision and vulnerabilities and identify the potential for tensions when ex-combatants are reintegrated into communities, including how this may be tied to weapons availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1494, "Sentence":"In providing inputs to more general assessments, broad expertise on the political and integrated nature of an SSR process may be more important than sector-specific knowledge.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR providing input general assessment broad expertise political integrated nature ssr process may important sectorspecific knowledge ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Needs assessments are undertaken periodically in order to help planners and programmers understand progress and undertake appropriate course corrections. During the period prior to the development of a DDR programme, assessments can have the dual purpose of identifying programming options and providing guidance for DDR-related input into peace agreementsWhile DDR specialists should be included in integrated assessments that situate DDR within broader UN and national planning (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning) this should also be a regular practice for SSR. Promoting joint assessments through includ- ing representatives of other relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be encouraged to enhance coherence and reduce duplication. In designing DDR assessments, SSR con- siderations should be reflected in ToRs, the composition of assessment teams and in the knowledge gathered during assessment missions (see Box 5).Box 5 Designing SSR-sensitive assessments \\n Developing the terms of reference \u2013 Terms of reference (ToRs) for DDR assessments should include the need to consider potential synergies between DDR and SSR that can be identified and fed into planning processes. Draft ToRs should be shared between relevant DDR and SSR focal points to ensure that all relevant and cross-cutting issues are considered. The ToRs should also set out the composition of the assessment team. \\n Composing the assessment team \u2013 Assessment teams should be multi-sectoral and include experts or focal points from related fields that are linked to the DDR process. The inclusion of SSR expertise represents an important way of creating an informed view on the relationship between DDR and SSR. In providing inputs to more general assessments, broad expertise on the political and integrated nature of an SSR process may be more important than sector-specific knowledge. Where appropriate, experts from relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be included. Including host state nationals or experts from the region within assessment teams will improve contextual understanding and awareness of local sensitivities and demonstrate a commitment to national ownership. Inclusion of team members with appropriate local language skills is essential. \\n Information gathering \u2013 Knowledge should be captured on SSR-relevant issues in a given context. It is important to engage with representatives of local communities including non-state and community-based security providers. This will help clarify community perceptions of security provision and vulnerabilities and identify the potential for tensions when ex-combatants are reintegrated into communities, including how this may be tied to weapons availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1494, "Sentence":"Where appropriate, experts from relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be included.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR appropriate expert relevant bilateral\/multilateral actor also included ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Needs assessments are undertaken periodically in order to help planners and programmers understand progress and undertake appropriate course corrections. During the period prior to the development of a DDR programme, assessments can have the dual purpose of identifying programming options and providing guidance for DDR-related input into peace agreementsWhile DDR specialists should be included in integrated assessments that situate DDR within broader UN and national planning (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning) this should also be a regular practice for SSR. Promoting joint assessments through includ- ing representatives of other relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be encouraged to enhance coherence and reduce duplication. In designing DDR assessments, SSR con- siderations should be reflected in ToRs, the composition of assessment teams and in the knowledge gathered during assessment missions (see Box 5).Box 5 Designing SSR-sensitive assessments \\n Developing the terms of reference \u2013 Terms of reference (ToRs) for DDR assessments should include the need to consider potential synergies between DDR and SSR that can be identified and fed into planning processes. Draft ToRs should be shared between relevant DDR and SSR focal points to ensure that all relevant and cross-cutting issues are considered. The ToRs should also set out the composition of the assessment team. \\n Composing the assessment team \u2013 Assessment teams should be multi-sectoral and include experts or focal points from related fields that are linked to the DDR process. The inclusion of SSR expertise represents an important way of creating an informed view on the relationship between DDR and SSR. In providing inputs to more general assessments, broad expertise on the political and integrated nature of an SSR process may be more important than sector-specific knowledge. Where appropriate, experts from relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be included. Including host state nationals or experts from the region within assessment teams will improve contextual understanding and awareness of local sensitivities and demonstrate a commitment to national ownership. Inclusion of team members with appropriate local language skills is essential. \\n Information gathering \u2013 Knowledge should be captured on SSR-relevant issues in a given context. It is important to engage with representatives of local communities including non-state and community-based security providers. This will help clarify community perceptions of security provision and vulnerabilities and identify the potential for tensions when ex-combatants are reintegrated into communities, including how this may be tied to weapons availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1494, "Sentence":"Including host state nationals or experts from the region within assessment teams will improve contextual understanding and awareness of local sensitivities and demonstrate a commitment to national ownership.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR including host state national expert region within assessment team improve contextual understanding awareness local sensitivity demonstrate commitment national ownership ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Needs assessments are undertaken periodically in order to help planners and programmers understand progress and undertake appropriate course corrections. During the period prior to the development of a DDR programme, assessments can have the dual purpose of identifying programming options and providing guidance for DDR-related input into peace agreementsWhile DDR specialists should be included in integrated assessments that situate DDR within broader UN and national planning (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning) this should also be a regular practice for SSR. Promoting joint assessments through includ- ing representatives of other relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be encouraged to enhance coherence and reduce duplication. In designing DDR assessments, SSR con- siderations should be reflected in ToRs, the composition of assessment teams and in the knowledge gathered during assessment missions (see Box 5).Box 5 Designing SSR-sensitive assessments \\n Developing the terms of reference \u2013 Terms of reference (ToRs) for DDR assessments should include the need to consider potential synergies between DDR and SSR that can be identified and fed into planning processes. Draft ToRs should be shared between relevant DDR and SSR focal points to ensure that all relevant and cross-cutting issues are considered. The ToRs should also set out the composition of the assessment team. \\n Composing the assessment team \u2013 Assessment teams should be multi-sectoral and include experts or focal points from related fields that are linked to the DDR process. The inclusion of SSR expertise represents an important way of creating an informed view on the relationship between DDR and SSR. In providing inputs to more general assessments, broad expertise on the political and integrated nature of an SSR process may be more important than sector-specific knowledge. Where appropriate, experts from relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be included. Including host state nationals or experts from the region within assessment teams will improve contextual understanding and awareness of local sensitivities and demonstrate a commitment to national ownership. Inclusion of team members with appropriate local language skills is essential. \\n Information gathering \u2013 Knowledge should be captured on SSR-relevant issues in a given context. It is important to engage with representatives of local communities including non-state and community-based security providers. This will help clarify community perceptions of security provision and vulnerabilities and identify the potential for tensions when ex-combatants are reintegrated into communities, including how this may be tied to weapons availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1494, "Sentence":"Inclusion of team members with appropriate local language skills is essential.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR inclusion team member appropriate local language skill essential ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Needs assessments are undertaken periodically in order to help planners and programmers understand progress and undertake appropriate course corrections. During the period prior to the development of a DDR programme, assessments can have the dual purpose of identifying programming options and providing guidance for DDR-related input into peace agreementsWhile DDR specialists should be included in integrated assessments that situate DDR within broader UN and national planning (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning) this should also be a regular practice for SSR. Promoting joint assessments through includ- ing representatives of other relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be encouraged to enhance coherence and reduce duplication. In designing DDR assessments, SSR con- siderations should be reflected in ToRs, the composition of assessment teams and in the knowledge gathered during assessment missions (see Box 5).Box 5 Designing SSR-sensitive assessments \\n Developing the terms of reference \u2013 Terms of reference (ToRs) for DDR assessments should include the need to consider potential synergies between DDR and SSR that can be identified and fed into planning processes. Draft ToRs should be shared between relevant DDR and SSR focal points to ensure that all relevant and cross-cutting issues are considered. The ToRs should also set out the composition of the assessment team. \\n Composing the assessment team \u2013 Assessment teams should be multi-sectoral and include experts or focal points from related fields that are linked to the DDR process. The inclusion of SSR expertise represents an important way of creating an informed view on the relationship between DDR and SSR. In providing inputs to more general assessments, broad expertise on the political and integrated nature of an SSR process may be more important than sector-specific knowledge. Where appropriate, experts from relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be included. Including host state nationals or experts from the region within assessment teams will improve contextual understanding and awareness of local sensitivities and demonstrate a commitment to national ownership. Inclusion of team members with appropriate local language skills is essential. \\n Information gathering \u2013 Knowledge should be captured on SSR-relevant issues in a given context. It is important to engage with representatives of local communities including non-state and community-based security providers. This will help clarify community perceptions of security provision and vulnerabilities and identify the potential for tensions when ex-combatants are reintegrated into communities, including how this may be tied to weapons availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1494, "Sentence":"\\n Information gathering \u2013 Knowledge should be captured on SSR-relevant issues in a given context.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n information gathering \u2013 knowledge captured ssrrelevant issue given context ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Needs assessments are undertaken periodically in order to help planners and programmers understand progress and undertake appropriate course corrections. During the period prior to the development of a DDR programme, assessments can have the dual purpose of identifying programming options and providing guidance for DDR-related input into peace agreementsWhile DDR specialists should be included in integrated assessments that situate DDR within broader UN and national planning (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning) this should also be a regular practice for SSR. Promoting joint assessments through includ- ing representatives of other relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be encouraged to enhance coherence and reduce duplication. In designing DDR assessments, SSR con- siderations should be reflected in ToRs, the composition of assessment teams and in the knowledge gathered during assessment missions (see Box 5).Box 5 Designing SSR-sensitive assessments \\n Developing the terms of reference \u2013 Terms of reference (ToRs) for DDR assessments should include the need to consider potential synergies between DDR and SSR that can be identified and fed into planning processes. Draft ToRs should be shared between relevant DDR and SSR focal points to ensure that all relevant and cross-cutting issues are considered. The ToRs should also set out the composition of the assessment team. \\n Composing the assessment team \u2013 Assessment teams should be multi-sectoral and include experts or focal points from related fields that are linked to the DDR process. The inclusion of SSR expertise represents an important way of creating an informed view on the relationship between DDR and SSR. In providing inputs to more general assessments, broad expertise on the political and integrated nature of an SSR process may be more important than sector-specific knowledge. Where appropriate, experts from relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be included. Including host state nationals or experts from the region within assessment teams will improve contextual understanding and awareness of local sensitivities and demonstrate a commitment to national ownership. Inclusion of team members with appropriate local language skills is essential. \\n Information gathering \u2013 Knowledge should be captured on SSR-relevant issues in a given context. It is important to engage with representatives of local communities including non-state and community-based security providers. This will help clarify community perceptions of security provision and vulnerabilities and identify the potential for tensions when ex-combatants are reintegrated into communities, including how this may be tied to weapons availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1494, "Sentence":"It is important to engage with representatives of local communities including non-state and community-based security providers.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR important engage representative local community including nonstate communitybased security provider ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":17, "Paragraph":"Needs assessments are undertaken periodically in order to help planners and programmers understand progress and undertake appropriate course corrections. During the period prior to the development of a DDR programme, assessments can have the dual purpose of identifying programming options and providing guidance for DDR-related input into peace agreementsWhile DDR specialists should be included in integrated assessments that situate DDR within broader UN and national planning (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning) this should also be a regular practice for SSR. Promoting joint assessments through includ- ing representatives of other relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be encouraged to enhance coherence and reduce duplication. In designing DDR assessments, SSR con- siderations should be reflected in ToRs, the composition of assessment teams and in the knowledge gathered during assessment missions (see Box 5).Box 5 Designing SSR-sensitive assessments \\n Developing the terms of reference \u2013 Terms of reference (ToRs) for DDR assessments should include the need to consider potential synergies between DDR and SSR that can be identified and fed into planning processes. Draft ToRs should be shared between relevant DDR and SSR focal points to ensure that all relevant and cross-cutting issues are considered. The ToRs should also set out the composition of the assessment team. \\n Composing the assessment team \u2013 Assessment teams should be multi-sectoral and include experts or focal points from related fields that are linked to the DDR process. The inclusion of SSR expertise represents an important way of creating an informed view on the relationship between DDR and SSR. In providing inputs to more general assessments, broad expertise on the political and integrated nature of an SSR process may be more important than sector-specific knowledge. Where appropriate, experts from relevant bilateral\/multilateral actors should also be included. Including host state nationals or experts from the region within assessment teams will improve contextual understanding and awareness of local sensitivities and demonstrate a commitment to national ownership. Inclusion of team members with appropriate local language skills is essential. \\n Information gathering \u2013 Knowledge should be captured on SSR-relevant issues in a given context. It is important to engage with representatives of local communities including non-state and community-based security providers. This will help clarify community perceptions of security provision and vulnerabilities and identify the potential for tensions when ex-combatants are reintegrated into communities, including how this may be tied to weapons availability.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1494, "Sentence":"This will help clarify community perceptions of security provision and vulnerabilities and identify the potential for tensions when ex-combatants are reintegrated into communities, including how this may be tied to weapons availability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR help clarify community perception security provision vulnerability identify potential tension excombatants reintegrated community including may tied weapon availability ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR first step premission planning stage leading development un concept operation initial technical assessment see iddrs 3.10 integrated ddr planning ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR case conducted multidimensional technical assessment mission ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR multidimensional technical assessment mission represent entry point begin en gaging discussion ssr counterpart potential synergy ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR element already reflected initial assessment report submitted secretarygeneral likely provision subsequently appear mi sion mandate ddr ssr coherent mutually supportive.box 6 indicative ssrrelated question include assessment n strategic policy framework process place develop national security justice strategy used inform ddr decisionmaking" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"\\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n map security actor active national level well region particularly relevant ddr process ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"How do they relate to each other?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR relate" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"\\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n regional political security dynamic may positively negatively impact ddr\/ssr" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"\\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n map international actor active ddr\/ssr ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"What areas do they support and how do they coordinate?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR area support coordinate" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"\\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n nonstate security provider exist gap fill formal security sector" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR supporting threatening stability state" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR supporting threatening security individual community" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"\\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n oversight accountability mechanism place security sector national regional local level" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"\\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n security sector actor play role understand function relation supporting ddr" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"\\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n capacity\/political play role" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"\\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n existing mandate policy formal security sector actor providing security vulnerable marginalised group" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"\\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n plan ddr process compatible government priority security sector" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"\\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n ddr funding decision take account budget available ssr process well longrun financial mean available gap delay avoided" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"\\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n level national management capacity including human resource financial aspect support programme" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"\\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n potential champion spoiler relation ddr ssr process" }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.1. Multidimensional technical assessment mission", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"A first step in the pre-mission planning stage leading to the development of a UN concept of operations is the initial technical assessment (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). In most cases, this is now conducted through a multidimensional technical assessment mission. Multidimensional technical assessment missions represent an entry point to begin en- gaging in discussion with SSR counterparts on potential synergies between DDR and SSR. If these elements are already reflected in the initial assessment report submitted to the Secretary-General, it is more likely that the provisions that subsequently appear in the mis- sion mandate for DDR and SSR will be coherent and mutually supportive.Box 6 Indicative SSR-related questions to include in assessments \\n Is there a strategic policy framework or a process in place to develop a national security and justice strategy that can be used to inform DDR decision-making? \\n Map the security actors that are active at the national level as well as in regions particularly relevant for the DDR process. How do they relate to each other? \\n What are the regional political and security dynamics that may positively or negatively impact on DDR\/SSR? \\n Map the international actors active in DDR\/SSR. What areas do they support and how do they coordinate? \\n What non-state security providers exist and what gaps do they fill in the formal security sector? A\\n re they supporting or threatening the stability of the State? Are they supporting or threatening the security of individuals and communities? \\n What oversight and accountability mechanisms are in place for the security sector at national, regional and local levels? \\n Do security sector actors play a role or understand their functions in relation to supporting DDR? \\n Is there capacity\/political will to play this role? \\n What are existing mandates and policies of formal security sector actors in providing security for vulnerable and marginalised groups? \\n Are plans for the DDR process compatible with Government priorities for the security sector? \\n Do DDR funding decisions take into account the budget available for the SSR process as well as the long-run financial means available so that gaps and delays are avoided? \\n What is the level of national management capacity (including human resource and financial aspects) to support these programmes? \\n Who are the potential champions and spoilers in relation to the DDR and SSR processes? \\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1495, "Sentence":"\\n What are public perceptions toward the formal and informal security sector?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n public perception toward formal informal security sector" }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.2. Detailed field assessments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"If SSR issues and perspectives are to be integrated at an early stage, assessments and their outputs must reflect a holistic SSR approach and not just partial elements that may be most applicable in terms of early deployment. Situational analysis of relevant political, economic and security factors is essential in order to determine the type of SSR support that will best complement the DDR programme as well as to identify local and regional implications of decisions that may be crafted at the national level.Detailed field assessments that inform the development of the DDR programme should be linked to the design of SSR activities (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning, Para 5.4). This may be done through joint assessment missions combining DDR and SSR com- ponents, or by drawing on SSR expertise throughout the assessment phase. Up to date conflict and security analysis should address the nexus between DDR and SSR in order to support effective engagement (see Box 6). Participatory assessments and institutional capac- ity assessments may be particularly useful for security-related research (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design, Para. 5.3.6).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1496, "Sentence":"If SSR issues and perspectives are to be integrated at an early stage, assessments and their outputs must reflect a holistic SSR approach and not just partial elements that may be most applicable in terms of early deployment.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ssr issue perspective integrated early stage assessment output must reflect holistic ssr approach partial element may applicable term early deployment ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.2. Detailed field assessments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"If SSR issues and perspectives are to be integrated at an early stage, assessments and their outputs must reflect a holistic SSR approach and not just partial elements that may be most applicable in terms of early deployment. Situational analysis of relevant political, economic and security factors is essential in order to determine the type of SSR support that will best complement the DDR programme as well as to identify local and regional implications of decisions that may be crafted at the national level.Detailed field assessments that inform the development of the DDR programme should be linked to the design of SSR activities (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning, Para 5.4). This may be done through joint assessment missions combining DDR and SSR com- ponents, or by drawing on SSR expertise throughout the assessment phase. Up to date conflict and security analysis should address the nexus between DDR and SSR in order to support effective engagement (see Box 6). Participatory assessments and institutional capac- ity assessments may be particularly useful for security-related research (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design, Para. 5.3.6).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1496, "Sentence":"Situational analysis of relevant political, economic and security factors is essential in order to determine the type of SSR support that will best complement the DDR programme as well as to identify local and regional implications of decisions that may be crafted at the national level.Detailed field assessments that inform the development of the DDR programme should be linked to the design of SSR activities (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning, Para 5.4).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR situational analysis relevant political economic security factor essential order determine type ssr support best complement ddr programme well identify local regional implication decision may crafted national level.detailed field assessment inform development ddr programme linked design ssr activity see iddrs 3.10 integrated ddr planning para 5.4 ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.2. Detailed field assessments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"If SSR issues and perspectives are to be integrated at an early stage, assessments and their outputs must reflect a holistic SSR approach and not just partial elements that may be most applicable in terms of early deployment. Situational analysis of relevant political, economic and security factors is essential in order to determine the type of SSR support that will best complement the DDR programme as well as to identify local and regional implications of decisions that may be crafted at the national level.Detailed field assessments that inform the development of the DDR programme should be linked to the design of SSR activities (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning, Para 5.4). This may be done through joint assessment missions combining DDR and SSR com- ponents, or by drawing on SSR expertise throughout the assessment phase. Up to date conflict and security analysis should address the nexus between DDR and SSR in order to support effective engagement (see Box 6). Participatory assessments and institutional capac- ity assessments may be particularly useful for security-related research (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design, Para. 5.3.6).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1496, "Sentence":"This may be done through joint assessment missions combining DDR and SSR com- ponents, or by drawing on SSR expertise throughout the assessment phase.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR may done joint assessment mission combining ddr ssr com ponents drawing ssr expertise throughout assessment phase ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.2. Detailed field assessments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"If SSR issues and perspectives are to be integrated at an early stage, assessments and their outputs must reflect a holistic SSR approach and not just partial elements that may be most applicable in terms of early deployment. Situational analysis of relevant political, economic and security factors is essential in order to determine the type of SSR support that will best complement the DDR programme as well as to identify local and regional implications of decisions that may be crafted at the national level.Detailed field assessments that inform the development of the DDR programme should be linked to the design of SSR activities (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning, Para 5.4). This may be done through joint assessment missions combining DDR and SSR com- ponents, or by drawing on SSR expertise throughout the assessment phase. Up to date conflict and security analysis should address the nexus between DDR and SSR in order to support effective engagement (see Box 6). Participatory assessments and institutional capac- ity assessments may be particularly useful for security-related research (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design, Para. 5.3.6).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1496, "Sentence":"Up to date conflict and security analysis should address the nexus between DDR and SSR in order to support effective engagement (see Box 6).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR date conflict security analysis address nexus ddr ssr order support effective engagement see box 6 ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.2. Detailed field assessments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"If SSR issues and perspectives are to be integrated at an early stage, assessments and their outputs must reflect a holistic SSR approach and not just partial elements that may be most applicable in terms of early deployment. Situational analysis of relevant political, economic and security factors is essential in order to determine the type of SSR support that will best complement the DDR programme as well as to identify local and regional implications of decisions that may be crafted at the national level.Detailed field assessments that inform the development of the DDR programme should be linked to the design of SSR activities (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning, Para 5.4). This may be done through joint assessment missions combining DDR and SSR com- ponents, or by drawing on SSR expertise throughout the assessment phase. Up to date conflict and security analysis should address the nexus between DDR and SSR in order to support effective engagement (see Box 6). Participatory assessments and institutional capac- ity assessments may be particularly useful for security-related research (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design, Para. 5.3.6).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1496, "Sentence":"Participatory assessments and institutional capac- ity assessments may be particularly useful for security-related research (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design, Para.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR participatory assessment institutional capac ity assessment may particularly useful securityrelated research see iddrs 3.20 ddr programme design para ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.1. SSR-sensitive assessments", "Heading3":"9.1.2. Detailed field assessments", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"If SSR issues and perspectives are to be integrated at an early stage, assessments and their outputs must reflect a holistic SSR approach and not just partial elements that may be most applicable in terms of early deployment. Situational analysis of relevant political, economic and security factors is essential in order to determine the type of SSR support that will best complement the DDR programme as well as to identify local and regional implications of decisions that may be crafted at the national level.Detailed field assessments that inform the development of the DDR programme should be linked to the design of SSR activities (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning, Para 5.4). This may be done through joint assessment missions combining DDR and SSR com- ponents, or by drawing on SSR expertise throughout the assessment phase. Up to date conflict and security analysis should address the nexus between DDR and SSR in order to support effective engagement (see Box 6). Participatory assessments and institutional capac- ity assessments may be particularly useful for security-related research (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design, Para. 5.3.6).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1496, "Sentence":"5.3.6).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR 5.3.6 ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.2. Programme design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"It is particularly important that each phase of DDR programme design (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design) addresses the context-specific political environment within which DDR\/SSR issues are situated. Shifting political and security dynamics means that flexibility is an essential design factor. Specific elements of programme design should be integrated within overall strategic objectives that reflect the end state goals that DDR and SSR are seeking to achieve.Detailed field assessments should cover political and security issues as well as identifying key national and international stakeholders in these processes (see Box 6). The programme development and costing phase should result in indicators that reflect the relationship between DDR and SSR. These may include: linking disarmament\/demobilization and community security; ensuring integration reflects national security priorities and budgets; or demonstrating that operational DDR activities are combined with support for national management and oversight capacities. Development of the DDR implementation plan should integrate relevant capacities across UN, international community and national stake- holders that support DDR and SSR and reflect the implementation capacity of national authorities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1497, "Sentence":"It is particularly important that each phase of DDR programme design (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design) addresses the context-specific political environment within which DDR\/SSR issues are situated.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR particularly important phase ddr programme design see iddrs 3.20 ddr programme design address contextspecific political environment within ddr\/ssr issue situated ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.2. Programme design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"It is particularly important that each phase of DDR programme design (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design) addresses the context-specific political environment within which DDR\/SSR issues are situated. Shifting political and security dynamics means that flexibility is an essential design factor. Specific elements of programme design should be integrated within overall strategic objectives that reflect the end state goals that DDR and SSR are seeking to achieve.Detailed field assessments should cover political and security issues as well as identifying key national and international stakeholders in these processes (see Box 6). The programme development and costing phase should result in indicators that reflect the relationship between DDR and SSR. These may include: linking disarmament\/demobilization and community security; ensuring integration reflects national security priorities and budgets; or demonstrating that operational DDR activities are combined with support for national management and oversight capacities. Development of the DDR implementation plan should integrate relevant capacities across UN, international community and national stake- holders that support DDR and SSR and reflect the implementation capacity of national authorities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1497, "Sentence":"Shifting political and security dynamics means that flexibility is an essential design factor.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR shifting political security dynamic mean flexibility essential design factor ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.2. Programme design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"It is particularly important that each phase of DDR programme design (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design) addresses the context-specific political environment within which DDR\/SSR issues are situated. Shifting political and security dynamics means that flexibility is an essential design factor. Specific elements of programme design should be integrated within overall strategic objectives that reflect the end state goals that DDR and SSR are seeking to achieve.Detailed field assessments should cover political and security issues as well as identifying key national and international stakeholders in these processes (see Box 6). The programme development and costing phase should result in indicators that reflect the relationship between DDR and SSR. These may include: linking disarmament\/demobilization and community security; ensuring integration reflects national security priorities and budgets; or demonstrating that operational DDR activities are combined with support for national management and oversight capacities. Development of the DDR implementation plan should integrate relevant capacities across UN, international community and national stake- holders that support DDR and SSR and reflect the implementation capacity of national authorities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1497, "Sentence":"Specific elements of programme design should be integrated within overall strategic objectives that reflect the end state goals that DDR and SSR are seeking to achieve.Detailed field assessments should cover political and security issues as well as identifying key national and international stakeholders in these processes (see Box 6).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR specific element programme design integrated within overall strategic objective reflect end state goal ddr ssr seeking achieve.detailed field assessment cover political security issue well identifying key national international stakeholder process see box 6 ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.2. Programme design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"It is particularly important that each phase of DDR programme design (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design) addresses the context-specific political environment within which DDR\/SSR issues are situated. Shifting political and security dynamics means that flexibility is an essential design factor. Specific elements of programme design should be integrated within overall strategic objectives that reflect the end state goals that DDR and SSR are seeking to achieve.Detailed field assessments should cover political and security issues as well as identifying key national and international stakeholders in these processes (see Box 6). The programme development and costing phase should result in indicators that reflect the relationship between DDR and SSR. These may include: linking disarmament\/demobilization and community security; ensuring integration reflects national security priorities and budgets; or demonstrating that operational DDR activities are combined with support for national management and oversight capacities. Development of the DDR implementation plan should integrate relevant capacities across UN, international community and national stake- holders that support DDR and SSR and reflect the implementation capacity of national authorities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1497, "Sentence":"The programme development and costing phase should result in indicators that reflect the relationship between DDR and SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR programme development costing phase result indicator reflect relationship ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.2. Programme design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"It is particularly important that each phase of DDR programme design (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design) addresses the context-specific political environment within which DDR\/SSR issues are situated. Shifting political and security dynamics means that flexibility is an essential design factor. Specific elements of programme design should be integrated within overall strategic objectives that reflect the end state goals that DDR and SSR are seeking to achieve.Detailed field assessments should cover political and security issues as well as identifying key national and international stakeholders in these processes (see Box 6). The programme development and costing phase should result in indicators that reflect the relationship between DDR and SSR. These may include: linking disarmament\/demobilization and community security; ensuring integration reflects national security priorities and budgets; or demonstrating that operational DDR activities are combined with support for national management and oversight capacities. Development of the DDR implementation plan should integrate relevant capacities across UN, international community and national stake- holders that support DDR and SSR and reflect the implementation capacity of national authorities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1497, "Sentence":"These may include: linking disarmament\/demobilization and community security; ensuring integration reflects national security priorities and budgets; or demonstrating that operational DDR activities are combined with support for national management and oversight capacities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR may include linking disarmament\/demobilization community security ensuring integration reflects national security priority budget demonstrating operational ddr activity combined support national management oversight capacity ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.2. Programme design", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"It is particularly important that each phase of DDR programme design (see IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design) addresses the context-specific political environment within which DDR\/SSR issues are situated. Shifting political and security dynamics means that flexibility is an essential design factor. Specific elements of programme design should be integrated within overall strategic objectives that reflect the end state goals that DDR and SSR are seeking to achieve.Detailed field assessments should cover political and security issues as well as identifying key national and international stakeholders in these processes (see Box 6). The programme development and costing phase should result in indicators that reflect the relationship between DDR and SSR. These may include: linking disarmament\/demobilization and community security; ensuring integration reflects national security priorities and budgets; or demonstrating that operational DDR activities are combined with support for national management and oversight capacities. Development of the DDR implementation plan should integrate relevant capacities across UN, international community and national stake- holders that support DDR and SSR and reflect the implementation capacity of national authorities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1497, "Sentence":"Development of the DDR implementation plan should integrate relevant capacities across UN, international community and national stake- holders that support DDR and SSR and reflect the implementation capacity of national authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR development ddr implementation plan integrate relevant capacity across un international community national stake holder support ddr ssr reflect implementation capacity national authority ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.3. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and evaluation can provide for a structured approach to recognising and opera- tionalising the linkages between DDR and SSR. It also serves as a mechanism for enhancing knowledge management and transfer. A common challenge results from information gaps due to rapidly changing political and security dynamics. While the MIS provides a structured means of collecting information, baseline data should be established and continuously mon- itored to adjust to changing conditions.In outcome evaluations, effective monitoring and evaluation should provide an entry point for reviewing DDR and SSR programmes to ensure that they are planned in a mutually supportive manner (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes). Reports of impact evaluations may provide a useful basis for analysing the intended impact of DDR\/SSR programmes, identifying their unintended consequences as well as adjusting programming objectives and priorities as appropriate. Mid-term reviews should be used as an opportunity to assess effectiveness and make necessary changes to programmes.14", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1498, "Sentence":"Monitoring and evaluation can provide for a structured approach to recognising and opera- tionalising the linkages between DDR and SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR monitoring evaluation provide structured approach recognising opera tionalising linkage ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.3. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and evaluation can provide for a structured approach to recognising and opera- tionalising the linkages between DDR and SSR. It also serves as a mechanism for enhancing knowledge management and transfer. A common challenge results from information gaps due to rapidly changing political and security dynamics. While the MIS provides a structured means of collecting information, baseline data should be established and continuously mon- itored to adjust to changing conditions.In outcome evaluations, effective monitoring and evaluation should provide an entry point for reviewing DDR and SSR programmes to ensure that they are planned in a mutually supportive manner (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes). Reports of impact evaluations may provide a useful basis for analysing the intended impact of DDR\/SSR programmes, identifying their unintended consequences as well as adjusting programming objectives and priorities as appropriate. Mid-term reviews should be used as an opportunity to assess effectiveness and make necessary changes to programmes.14", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1498, "Sentence":"It also serves as a mechanism for enhancing knowledge management and transfer.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR also serf mechanism enhancing knowledge management transfer ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.3. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and evaluation can provide for a structured approach to recognising and opera- tionalising the linkages between DDR and SSR. It also serves as a mechanism for enhancing knowledge management and transfer. A common challenge results from information gaps due to rapidly changing political and security dynamics. While the MIS provides a structured means of collecting information, baseline data should be established and continuously mon- itored to adjust to changing conditions.In outcome evaluations, effective monitoring and evaluation should provide an entry point for reviewing DDR and SSR programmes to ensure that they are planned in a mutually supportive manner (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes). Reports of impact evaluations may provide a useful basis for analysing the intended impact of DDR\/SSR programmes, identifying their unintended consequences as well as adjusting programming objectives and priorities as appropriate. Mid-term reviews should be used as an opportunity to assess effectiveness and make necessary changes to programmes.14", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1498, "Sentence":"A common challenge results from information gaps due to rapidly changing political and security dynamics.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR common challenge result information gap due rapidly changing political security dynamic ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.3. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and evaluation can provide for a structured approach to recognising and opera- tionalising the linkages between DDR and SSR. It also serves as a mechanism for enhancing knowledge management and transfer. A common challenge results from information gaps due to rapidly changing political and security dynamics. While the MIS provides a structured means of collecting information, baseline data should be established and continuously mon- itored to adjust to changing conditions.In outcome evaluations, effective monitoring and evaluation should provide an entry point for reviewing DDR and SSR programmes to ensure that they are planned in a mutually supportive manner (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes). Reports of impact evaluations may provide a useful basis for analysing the intended impact of DDR\/SSR programmes, identifying their unintended consequences as well as adjusting programming objectives and priorities as appropriate. Mid-term reviews should be used as an opportunity to assess effectiveness and make necessary changes to programmes.14", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1498, "Sentence":"While the MIS provides a structured means of collecting information, baseline data should be established and continuously mon- itored to adjust to changing conditions.In outcome evaluations, effective monitoring and evaluation should provide an entry point for reviewing DDR and SSR programmes to ensure that they are planned in a mutually supportive manner (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR mi provides structured mean collecting information baseline data established continuously mon itored adjust changing conditions.in outcome evaluation effective monitoring evaluation provide entry point reviewing ddr ssr programme ensure planned mutually supportive manner see iddrs 3.50 monitoring evaluation ddr programme ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.3. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and evaluation can provide for a structured approach to recognising and opera- tionalising the linkages between DDR and SSR. It also serves as a mechanism for enhancing knowledge management and transfer. A common challenge results from information gaps due to rapidly changing political and security dynamics. While the MIS provides a structured means of collecting information, baseline data should be established and continuously mon- itored to adjust to changing conditions.In outcome evaluations, effective monitoring and evaluation should provide an entry point for reviewing DDR and SSR programmes to ensure that they are planned in a mutually supportive manner (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes). Reports of impact evaluations may provide a useful basis for analysing the intended impact of DDR\/SSR programmes, identifying their unintended consequences as well as adjusting programming objectives and priorities as appropriate. Mid-term reviews should be used as an opportunity to assess effectiveness and make necessary changes to programmes.14", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1498, "Sentence":"Reports of impact evaluations may provide a useful basis for analysing the intended impact of DDR\/SSR programmes, identifying their unintended consequences as well as adjusting programming objectives and priorities as appropriate.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR report impact evaluation may provide useful basis analysing intended impact ddr\/ssr programme identifying unintended consequence well adjusting programming objective priority appropriate ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.3. Monitoring and evaluation", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Monitoring and evaluation can provide for a structured approach to recognising and opera- tionalising the linkages between DDR and SSR. It also serves as a mechanism for enhancing knowledge management and transfer. A common challenge results from information gaps due to rapidly changing political and security dynamics. While the MIS provides a structured means of collecting information, baseline data should be established and continuously mon- itored to adjust to changing conditions.In outcome evaluations, effective monitoring and evaluation should provide an entry point for reviewing DDR and SSR programmes to ensure that they are planned in a mutually supportive manner (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes). Reports of impact evaluations may provide a useful basis for analysing the intended impact of DDR\/SSR programmes, identifying their unintended consequences as well as adjusting programming objectives and priorities as appropriate. Mid-term reviews should be used as an opportunity to assess effectiveness and make necessary changes to programmes.14", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1498, "Sentence":"Mid-term reviews should be used as an opportunity to assess effectiveness and make necessary changes to programmes.14", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR midterm review used opportunity ass effectiveness make necessary change programmes.14" }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Linking international support to a broad based, nationally owned process provides an important basis for coherent DDR and SSR programming. As discussed below, national dialogue, peace processes and national security or sector-specific policy reviews all repre- sent entry points to link DDR and SSR within a broader national governance framework.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1499, "Sentence":"Linking international support to a broad based, nationally owned process provides an important basis for coherent DDR and SSR programming.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR linking international support broad based nationally owned process provides important basis coherent ddr ssr programming ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Linking international support to a broad based, nationally owned process provides an important basis for coherent DDR and SSR programming. As discussed below, national dialogue, peace processes and national security or sector-specific policy reviews all repre- sent entry points to link DDR and SSR within a broader national governance framework.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1499, "Sentence":"As discussed below, national dialogue, peace processes and national security or sector-specific policy reviews all repre- sent entry points to link DDR and SSR within a broader national governance framework.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR discussed national dialogue peace process national security sectorspecific policy review repre sent entry point link ddr ssr within broader national governance framework ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.1. National dialogue", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Holding a national seminar does not mean that a common vision of necessary reform measures will (or should) be the outcome. Rather, it can mark the start of a participatory process of dialogue intended to clarify national needs and values and thus link short term security goals to longer term objectives. How national dialogue processes are designed and implemented may be more important than concrete outputs. Broad participation, including the transitional or elected authorities as well as representatives of the security sector, oversight bodies and civil society is important to enhance legitimacy and relevance. They can occur before or after the signing of a peace agreement. Equally, they can take place during transitional periods or following national elections to provide impetus to the peacebuilding process.National dialogue processes should be supported as a means to foster common understandings of DDR and SSR challenges (See Case Study Box 5). Depending on the circumstances, specific sectoral presentations at national seminars may be useful to share developments in different parts of the security sector, foster national ownership and better understand the expectations and perspectives of different stakeholder groups. A sub-group on DDR-SSR linkages or specific sub-groups on issues such as political good governance may be established in order to develop knowledge and raise awareness on this nexus. Support to national dialogue processes should include provision of follow-up mechanisms to enhance sustainability.Case Study Box 5 DDR & the national dialogue on SSR in the CAR \\n In the Central African Republic, a dysfunctional and poorly governed security sector has been identified as one of the root causes of conflict. Discussions on DDR were therefore couched in the broader framework of SSR and encouraging a national dialogue process was identified as a first step in addressing this issue. As part of this process, a national seminar was held from 14\u201317 April 2008. The seminar was prepared by a national Security Sector Reform Committee consisting of government officials, rep-resentatives of CAR\u2019s security and justice services, and members of civil society. The seminar resulted in a roadmap for SSR implementation and also set up an evaluation mechanism to review progress. It provided a framework for many of the decisions in subsequent discussions and agreements. The seminar was held at an opportune moment as it was able to guide discussions on other critical aspects of the peace process. A working group session on DDR\/SSR linkages contributed to crystallizing in the minds of the various stakeholders the need to avoid thinking about these issues separately.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1500, "Sentence":"Holding a national seminar does not mean that a common vision of necessary reform measures will (or should) be the outcome.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR holding national seminar mean common vision necessary reform measure outcome ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.1. National dialogue", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Holding a national seminar does not mean that a common vision of necessary reform measures will (or should) be the outcome. Rather, it can mark the start of a participatory process of dialogue intended to clarify national needs and values and thus link short term security goals to longer term objectives. How national dialogue processes are designed and implemented may be more important than concrete outputs. Broad participation, including the transitional or elected authorities as well as representatives of the security sector, oversight bodies and civil society is important to enhance legitimacy and relevance. They can occur before or after the signing of a peace agreement. Equally, they can take place during transitional periods or following national elections to provide impetus to the peacebuilding process.National dialogue processes should be supported as a means to foster common understandings of DDR and SSR challenges (See Case Study Box 5). Depending on the circumstances, specific sectoral presentations at national seminars may be useful to share developments in different parts of the security sector, foster national ownership and better understand the expectations and perspectives of different stakeholder groups. A sub-group on DDR-SSR linkages or specific sub-groups on issues such as political good governance may be established in order to develop knowledge and raise awareness on this nexus. Support to national dialogue processes should include provision of follow-up mechanisms to enhance sustainability.Case Study Box 5 DDR & the national dialogue on SSR in the CAR \\n In the Central African Republic, a dysfunctional and poorly governed security sector has been identified as one of the root causes of conflict. Discussions on DDR were therefore couched in the broader framework of SSR and encouraging a national dialogue process was identified as a first step in addressing this issue. As part of this process, a national seminar was held from 14\u201317 April 2008. The seminar was prepared by a national Security Sector Reform Committee consisting of government officials, rep-resentatives of CAR\u2019s security and justice services, and members of civil society. The seminar resulted in a roadmap for SSR implementation and also set up an evaluation mechanism to review progress. It provided a framework for many of the decisions in subsequent discussions and agreements. The seminar was held at an opportune moment as it was able to guide discussions on other critical aspects of the peace process. A working group session on DDR\/SSR linkages contributed to crystallizing in the minds of the various stakeholders the need to avoid thinking about these issues separately.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1500, "Sentence":"Rather, it can mark the start of a participatory process of dialogue intended to clarify national needs and values and thus link short term security goals to longer term objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR rather mark start participatory process dialogue intended clarify national need value thus link short term security goal longer term objective ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.1. National dialogue", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Holding a national seminar does not mean that a common vision of necessary reform measures will (or should) be the outcome. Rather, it can mark the start of a participatory process of dialogue intended to clarify national needs and values and thus link short term security goals to longer term objectives. How national dialogue processes are designed and implemented may be more important than concrete outputs. Broad participation, including the transitional or elected authorities as well as representatives of the security sector, oversight bodies and civil society is important to enhance legitimacy and relevance. They can occur before or after the signing of a peace agreement. Equally, they can take place during transitional periods or following national elections to provide impetus to the peacebuilding process.National dialogue processes should be supported as a means to foster common understandings of DDR and SSR challenges (See Case Study Box 5). Depending on the circumstances, specific sectoral presentations at national seminars may be useful to share developments in different parts of the security sector, foster national ownership and better understand the expectations and perspectives of different stakeholder groups. A sub-group on DDR-SSR linkages or specific sub-groups on issues such as political good governance may be established in order to develop knowledge and raise awareness on this nexus. Support to national dialogue processes should include provision of follow-up mechanisms to enhance sustainability.Case Study Box 5 DDR & the national dialogue on SSR in the CAR \\n In the Central African Republic, a dysfunctional and poorly governed security sector has been identified as one of the root causes of conflict. Discussions on DDR were therefore couched in the broader framework of SSR and encouraging a national dialogue process was identified as a first step in addressing this issue. As part of this process, a national seminar was held from 14\u201317 April 2008. The seminar was prepared by a national Security Sector Reform Committee consisting of government officials, rep-resentatives of CAR\u2019s security and justice services, and members of civil society. The seminar resulted in a roadmap for SSR implementation and also set up an evaluation mechanism to review progress. It provided a framework for many of the decisions in subsequent discussions and agreements. The seminar was held at an opportune moment as it was able to guide discussions on other critical aspects of the peace process. A working group session on DDR\/SSR linkages contributed to crystallizing in the minds of the various stakeholders the need to avoid thinking about these issues separately.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1500, "Sentence":"How national dialogue processes are designed and implemented may be more important than concrete outputs.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR national dialogue process designed implemented may important concrete output ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.1. National dialogue", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Holding a national seminar does not mean that a common vision of necessary reform measures will (or should) be the outcome. Rather, it can mark the start of a participatory process of dialogue intended to clarify national needs and values and thus link short term security goals to longer term objectives. How national dialogue processes are designed and implemented may be more important than concrete outputs. Broad participation, including the transitional or elected authorities as well as representatives of the security sector, oversight bodies and civil society is important to enhance legitimacy and relevance. They can occur before or after the signing of a peace agreement. Equally, they can take place during transitional periods or following national elections to provide impetus to the peacebuilding process.National dialogue processes should be supported as a means to foster common understandings of DDR and SSR challenges (See Case Study Box 5). Depending on the circumstances, specific sectoral presentations at national seminars may be useful to share developments in different parts of the security sector, foster national ownership and better understand the expectations and perspectives of different stakeholder groups. A sub-group on DDR-SSR linkages or specific sub-groups on issues such as political good governance may be established in order to develop knowledge and raise awareness on this nexus. Support to national dialogue processes should include provision of follow-up mechanisms to enhance sustainability.Case Study Box 5 DDR & the national dialogue on SSR in the CAR \\n In the Central African Republic, a dysfunctional and poorly governed security sector has been identified as one of the root causes of conflict. Discussions on DDR were therefore couched in the broader framework of SSR and encouraging a national dialogue process was identified as a first step in addressing this issue. As part of this process, a national seminar was held from 14\u201317 April 2008. The seminar was prepared by a national Security Sector Reform Committee consisting of government officials, rep-resentatives of CAR\u2019s security and justice services, and members of civil society. The seminar resulted in a roadmap for SSR implementation and also set up an evaluation mechanism to review progress. It provided a framework for many of the decisions in subsequent discussions and agreements. The seminar was held at an opportune moment as it was able to guide discussions on other critical aspects of the peace process. A working group session on DDR\/SSR linkages contributed to crystallizing in the minds of the various stakeholders the need to avoid thinking about these issues separately.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1500, "Sentence":"Broad participation, including the transitional or elected authorities as well as representatives of the security sector, oversight bodies and civil society is important to enhance legitimacy and relevance.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR broad participation including transitional elected authority well representative security sector oversight body civil society important enhance legitimacy relevance ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.1. National dialogue", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Holding a national seminar does not mean that a common vision of necessary reform measures will (or should) be the outcome. Rather, it can mark the start of a participatory process of dialogue intended to clarify national needs and values and thus link short term security goals to longer term objectives. How national dialogue processes are designed and implemented may be more important than concrete outputs. Broad participation, including the transitional or elected authorities as well as representatives of the security sector, oversight bodies and civil society is important to enhance legitimacy and relevance. They can occur before or after the signing of a peace agreement. Equally, they can take place during transitional periods or following national elections to provide impetus to the peacebuilding process.National dialogue processes should be supported as a means to foster common understandings of DDR and SSR challenges (See Case Study Box 5). Depending on the circumstances, specific sectoral presentations at national seminars may be useful to share developments in different parts of the security sector, foster national ownership and better understand the expectations and perspectives of different stakeholder groups. A sub-group on DDR-SSR linkages or specific sub-groups on issues such as political good governance may be established in order to develop knowledge and raise awareness on this nexus. Support to national dialogue processes should include provision of follow-up mechanisms to enhance sustainability.Case Study Box 5 DDR & the national dialogue on SSR in the CAR \\n In the Central African Republic, a dysfunctional and poorly governed security sector has been identified as one of the root causes of conflict. Discussions on DDR were therefore couched in the broader framework of SSR and encouraging a national dialogue process was identified as a first step in addressing this issue. As part of this process, a national seminar was held from 14\u201317 April 2008. The seminar was prepared by a national Security Sector Reform Committee consisting of government officials, rep-resentatives of CAR\u2019s security and justice services, and members of civil society. The seminar resulted in a roadmap for SSR implementation and also set up an evaluation mechanism to review progress. It provided a framework for many of the decisions in subsequent discussions and agreements. The seminar was held at an opportune moment as it was able to guide discussions on other critical aspects of the peace process. A working group session on DDR\/SSR linkages contributed to crystallizing in the minds of the various stakeholders the need to avoid thinking about these issues separately.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1500, "Sentence":"They can occur before or after the signing of a peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR occur signing peace agreement ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.1. National dialogue", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Holding a national seminar does not mean that a common vision of necessary reform measures will (or should) be the outcome. Rather, it can mark the start of a participatory process of dialogue intended to clarify national needs and values and thus link short term security goals to longer term objectives. How national dialogue processes are designed and implemented may be more important than concrete outputs. Broad participation, including the transitional or elected authorities as well as representatives of the security sector, oversight bodies and civil society is important to enhance legitimacy and relevance. They can occur before or after the signing of a peace agreement. Equally, they can take place during transitional periods or following national elections to provide impetus to the peacebuilding process.National dialogue processes should be supported as a means to foster common understandings of DDR and SSR challenges (See Case Study Box 5). Depending on the circumstances, specific sectoral presentations at national seminars may be useful to share developments in different parts of the security sector, foster national ownership and better understand the expectations and perspectives of different stakeholder groups. A sub-group on DDR-SSR linkages or specific sub-groups on issues such as political good governance may be established in order to develop knowledge and raise awareness on this nexus. Support to national dialogue processes should include provision of follow-up mechanisms to enhance sustainability.Case Study Box 5 DDR & the national dialogue on SSR in the CAR \\n In the Central African Republic, a dysfunctional and poorly governed security sector has been identified as one of the root causes of conflict. Discussions on DDR were therefore couched in the broader framework of SSR and encouraging a national dialogue process was identified as a first step in addressing this issue. As part of this process, a national seminar was held from 14\u201317 April 2008. The seminar was prepared by a national Security Sector Reform Committee consisting of government officials, rep-resentatives of CAR\u2019s security and justice services, and members of civil society. The seminar resulted in a roadmap for SSR implementation and also set up an evaluation mechanism to review progress. It provided a framework for many of the decisions in subsequent discussions and agreements. The seminar was held at an opportune moment as it was able to guide discussions on other critical aspects of the peace process. A working group session on DDR\/SSR linkages contributed to crystallizing in the minds of the various stakeholders the need to avoid thinking about these issues separately.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1500, "Sentence":"Equally, they can take place during transitional periods or following national elections to provide impetus to the peacebuilding process.National dialogue processes should be supported as a means to foster common understandings of DDR and SSR challenges (See Case Study Box 5).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR equally take place transitional period following national election provide impetus peacebuilding process.national dialogue process supported mean foster common understanding ddr ssr challenge see case study box 5 ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.1. National dialogue", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Holding a national seminar does not mean that a common vision of necessary reform measures will (or should) be the outcome. Rather, it can mark the start of a participatory process of dialogue intended to clarify national needs and values and thus link short term security goals to longer term objectives. How national dialogue processes are designed and implemented may be more important than concrete outputs. Broad participation, including the transitional or elected authorities as well as representatives of the security sector, oversight bodies and civil society is important to enhance legitimacy and relevance. They can occur before or after the signing of a peace agreement. Equally, they can take place during transitional periods or following national elections to provide impetus to the peacebuilding process.National dialogue processes should be supported as a means to foster common understandings of DDR and SSR challenges (See Case Study Box 5). Depending on the circumstances, specific sectoral presentations at national seminars may be useful to share developments in different parts of the security sector, foster national ownership and better understand the expectations and perspectives of different stakeholder groups. A sub-group on DDR-SSR linkages or specific sub-groups on issues such as political good governance may be established in order to develop knowledge and raise awareness on this nexus. Support to national dialogue processes should include provision of follow-up mechanisms to enhance sustainability.Case Study Box 5 DDR & the national dialogue on SSR in the CAR \\n In the Central African Republic, a dysfunctional and poorly governed security sector has been identified as one of the root causes of conflict. Discussions on DDR were therefore couched in the broader framework of SSR and encouraging a national dialogue process was identified as a first step in addressing this issue. As part of this process, a national seminar was held from 14\u201317 April 2008. The seminar was prepared by a national Security Sector Reform Committee consisting of government officials, rep-resentatives of CAR\u2019s security and justice services, and members of civil society. The seminar resulted in a roadmap for SSR implementation and also set up an evaluation mechanism to review progress. It provided a framework for many of the decisions in subsequent discussions and agreements. The seminar was held at an opportune moment as it was able to guide discussions on other critical aspects of the peace process. A working group session on DDR\/SSR linkages contributed to crystallizing in the minds of the various stakeholders the need to avoid thinking about these issues separately.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1500, "Sentence":"Depending on the circumstances, specific sectoral presentations at national seminars may be useful to share developments in different parts of the security sector, foster national ownership and better understand the expectations and perspectives of different stakeholder groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR depending circumstance specific sectoral presentation national seminar may useful share development different part security sector foster national ownership better understand expectation perspective different stakeholder group ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.1. National dialogue", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Holding a national seminar does not mean that a common vision of necessary reform measures will (or should) be the outcome. Rather, it can mark the start of a participatory process of dialogue intended to clarify national needs and values and thus link short term security goals to longer term objectives. How national dialogue processes are designed and implemented may be more important than concrete outputs. Broad participation, including the transitional or elected authorities as well as representatives of the security sector, oversight bodies and civil society is important to enhance legitimacy and relevance. They can occur before or after the signing of a peace agreement. Equally, they can take place during transitional periods or following national elections to provide impetus to the peacebuilding process.National dialogue processes should be supported as a means to foster common understandings of DDR and SSR challenges (See Case Study Box 5). Depending on the circumstances, specific sectoral presentations at national seminars may be useful to share developments in different parts of the security sector, foster national ownership and better understand the expectations and perspectives of different stakeholder groups. A sub-group on DDR-SSR linkages or specific sub-groups on issues such as political good governance may be established in order to develop knowledge and raise awareness on this nexus. Support to national dialogue processes should include provision of follow-up mechanisms to enhance sustainability.Case Study Box 5 DDR & the national dialogue on SSR in the CAR \\n In the Central African Republic, a dysfunctional and poorly governed security sector has been identified as one of the root causes of conflict. Discussions on DDR were therefore couched in the broader framework of SSR and encouraging a national dialogue process was identified as a first step in addressing this issue. As part of this process, a national seminar was held from 14\u201317 April 2008. The seminar was prepared by a national Security Sector Reform Committee consisting of government officials, rep-resentatives of CAR\u2019s security and justice services, and members of civil society. The seminar resulted in a roadmap for SSR implementation and also set up an evaluation mechanism to review progress. It provided a framework for many of the decisions in subsequent discussions and agreements. The seminar was held at an opportune moment as it was able to guide discussions on other critical aspects of the peace process. A working group session on DDR\/SSR linkages contributed to crystallizing in the minds of the various stakeholders the need to avoid thinking about these issues separately.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1500, "Sentence":"A sub-group on DDR-SSR linkages or specific sub-groups on issues such as political good governance may be established in order to develop knowledge and raise awareness on this nexus.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR subgroup ddrssr linkage specific subgroup issue political good governance may established order develop knowledge raise awareness nexus ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.1. National dialogue", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Holding a national seminar does not mean that a common vision of necessary reform measures will (or should) be the outcome. Rather, it can mark the start of a participatory process of dialogue intended to clarify national needs and values and thus link short term security goals to longer term objectives. How national dialogue processes are designed and implemented may be more important than concrete outputs. Broad participation, including the transitional or elected authorities as well as representatives of the security sector, oversight bodies and civil society is important to enhance legitimacy and relevance. They can occur before or after the signing of a peace agreement. Equally, they can take place during transitional periods or following national elections to provide impetus to the peacebuilding process.National dialogue processes should be supported as a means to foster common understandings of DDR and SSR challenges (See Case Study Box 5). Depending on the circumstances, specific sectoral presentations at national seminars may be useful to share developments in different parts of the security sector, foster national ownership and better understand the expectations and perspectives of different stakeholder groups. A sub-group on DDR-SSR linkages or specific sub-groups on issues such as political good governance may be established in order to develop knowledge and raise awareness on this nexus. Support to national dialogue processes should include provision of follow-up mechanisms to enhance sustainability.Case Study Box 5 DDR & the national dialogue on SSR in the CAR \\n In the Central African Republic, a dysfunctional and poorly governed security sector has been identified as one of the root causes of conflict. Discussions on DDR were therefore couched in the broader framework of SSR and encouraging a national dialogue process was identified as a first step in addressing this issue. As part of this process, a national seminar was held from 14\u201317 April 2008. The seminar was prepared by a national Security Sector Reform Committee consisting of government officials, rep-resentatives of CAR\u2019s security and justice services, and members of civil society. The seminar resulted in a roadmap for SSR implementation and also set up an evaluation mechanism to review progress. It provided a framework for many of the decisions in subsequent discussions and agreements. The seminar was held at an opportune moment as it was able to guide discussions on other critical aspects of the peace process. A working group session on DDR\/SSR linkages contributed to crystallizing in the minds of the various stakeholders the need to avoid thinking about these issues separately.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1500, "Sentence":"Support to national dialogue processes should include provision of follow-up mechanisms to enhance sustainability.Case Study Box 5 DDR & the national dialogue on SSR in the CAR \\n In the Central African Republic, a dysfunctional and poorly governed security sector has been identified as one of the root causes of conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR support national dialogue process include provision followup mechanism enhance sustainability.case study box 5 ddr national dialogue ssr car n central african republic dysfunctional poorly governed security sector identified one root cause conflict ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.1. National dialogue", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Holding a national seminar does not mean that a common vision of necessary reform measures will (or should) be the outcome. Rather, it can mark the start of a participatory process of dialogue intended to clarify national needs and values and thus link short term security goals to longer term objectives. How national dialogue processes are designed and implemented may be more important than concrete outputs. Broad participation, including the transitional or elected authorities as well as representatives of the security sector, oversight bodies and civil society is important to enhance legitimacy and relevance. They can occur before or after the signing of a peace agreement. Equally, they can take place during transitional periods or following national elections to provide impetus to the peacebuilding process.National dialogue processes should be supported as a means to foster common understandings of DDR and SSR challenges (See Case Study Box 5). Depending on the circumstances, specific sectoral presentations at national seminars may be useful to share developments in different parts of the security sector, foster national ownership and better understand the expectations and perspectives of different stakeholder groups. A sub-group on DDR-SSR linkages or specific sub-groups on issues such as political good governance may be established in order to develop knowledge and raise awareness on this nexus. Support to national dialogue processes should include provision of follow-up mechanisms to enhance sustainability.Case Study Box 5 DDR & the national dialogue on SSR in the CAR \\n In the Central African Republic, a dysfunctional and poorly governed security sector has been identified as one of the root causes of conflict. Discussions on DDR were therefore couched in the broader framework of SSR and encouraging a national dialogue process was identified as a first step in addressing this issue. As part of this process, a national seminar was held from 14\u201317 April 2008. The seminar was prepared by a national Security Sector Reform Committee consisting of government officials, rep-resentatives of CAR\u2019s security and justice services, and members of civil society. The seminar resulted in a roadmap for SSR implementation and also set up an evaluation mechanism to review progress. It provided a framework for many of the decisions in subsequent discussions and agreements. The seminar was held at an opportune moment as it was able to guide discussions on other critical aspects of the peace process. A working group session on DDR\/SSR linkages contributed to crystallizing in the minds of the various stakeholders the need to avoid thinking about these issues separately.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1500, "Sentence":"Discussions on DDR were therefore couched in the broader framework of SSR and encouraging a national dialogue process was identified as a first step in addressing this issue.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR discussion ddr therefore couched broader framework ssr encouraging national dialogue process identified first step addressing issue ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.1. National dialogue", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Holding a national seminar does not mean that a common vision of necessary reform measures will (or should) be the outcome. Rather, it can mark the start of a participatory process of dialogue intended to clarify national needs and values and thus link short term security goals to longer term objectives. How national dialogue processes are designed and implemented may be more important than concrete outputs. Broad participation, including the transitional or elected authorities as well as representatives of the security sector, oversight bodies and civil society is important to enhance legitimacy and relevance. They can occur before or after the signing of a peace agreement. Equally, they can take place during transitional periods or following national elections to provide impetus to the peacebuilding process.National dialogue processes should be supported as a means to foster common understandings of DDR and SSR challenges (See Case Study Box 5). Depending on the circumstances, specific sectoral presentations at national seminars may be useful to share developments in different parts of the security sector, foster national ownership and better understand the expectations and perspectives of different stakeholder groups. A sub-group on DDR-SSR linkages or specific sub-groups on issues such as political good governance may be established in order to develop knowledge and raise awareness on this nexus. Support to national dialogue processes should include provision of follow-up mechanisms to enhance sustainability.Case Study Box 5 DDR & the national dialogue on SSR in the CAR \\n In the Central African Republic, a dysfunctional and poorly governed security sector has been identified as one of the root causes of conflict. Discussions on DDR were therefore couched in the broader framework of SSR and encouraging a national dialogue process was identified as a first step in addressing this issue. As part of this process, a national seminar was held from 14\u201317 April 2008. The seminar was prepared by a national Security Sector Reform Committee consisting of government officials, rep-resentatives of CAR\u2019s security and justice services, and members of civil society. The seminar resulted in a roadmap for SSR implementation and also set up an evaluation mechanism to review progress. It provided a framework for many of the decisions in subsequent discussions and agreements. The seminar was held at an opportune moment as it was able to guide discussions on other critical aspects of the peace process. A working group session on DDR\/SSR linkages contributed to crystallizing in the minds of the various stakeholders the need to avoid thinking about these issues separately.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1500, "Sentence":"As part of this process, a national seminar was held from 14\u201317 April 2008.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR part process national seminar held 14\u201317 april 2008 ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.1. National dialogue", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Holding a national seminar does not mean that a common vision of necessary reform measures will (or should) be the outcome. Rather, it can mark the start of a participatory process of dialogue intended to clarify national needs and values and thus link short term security goals to longer term objectives. How national dialogue processes are designed and implemented may be more important than concrete outputs. Broad participation, including the transitional or elected authorities as well as representatives of the security sector, oversight bodies and civil society is important to enhance legitimacy and relevance. They can occur before or after the signing of a peace agreement. Equally, they can take place during transitional periods or following national elections to provide impetus to the peacebuilding process.National dialogue processes should be supported as a means to foster common understandings of DDR and SSR challenges (See Case Study Box 5). Depending on the circumstances, specific sectoral presentations at national seminars may be useful to share developments in different parts of the security sector, foster national ownership and better understand the expectations and perspectives of different stakeholder groups. A sub-group on DDR-SSR linkages or specific sub-groups on issues such as political good governance may be established in order to develop knowledge and raise awareness on this nexus. Support to national dialogue processes should include provision of follow-up mechanisms to enhance sustainability.Case Study Box 5 DDR & the national dialogue on SSR in the CAR \\n In the Central African Republic, a dysfunctional and poorly governed security sector has been identified as one of the root causes of conflict. Discussions on DDR were therefore couched in the broader framework of SSR and encouraging a national dialogue process was identified as a first step in addressing this issue. As part of this process, a national seminar was held from 14\u201317 April 2008. The seminar was prepared by a national Security Sector Reform Committee consisting of government officials, rep-resentatives of CAR\u2019s security and justice services, and members of civil society. The seminar resulted in a roadmap for SSR implementation and also set up an evaluation mechanism to review progress. It provided a framework for many of the decisions in subsequent discussions and agreements. The seminar was held at an opportune moment as it was able to guide discussions on other critical aspects of the peace process. A working group session on DDR\/SSR linkages contributed to crystallizing in the minds of the various stakeholders the need to avoid thinking about these issues separately.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1500, "Sentence":"The seminar was prepared by a national Security Sector Reform Committee consisting of government officials, rep-resentatives of CAR\u2019s security and justice services, and members of civil society.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR seminar prepared national security sector reform committee consisting government official representative car \u2019 security justice service member civil society ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.1. National dialogue", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Holding a national seminar does not mean that a common vision of necessary reform measures will (or should) be the outcome. Rather, it can mark the start of a participatory process of dialogue intended to clarify national needs and values and thus link short term security goals to longer term objectives. How national dialogue processes are designed and implemented may be more important than concrete outputs. Broad participation, including the transitional or elected authorities as well as representatives of the security sector, oversight bodies and civil society is important to enhance legitimacy and relevance. They can occur before or after the signing of a peace agreement. Equally, they can take place during transitional periods or following national elections to provide impetus to the peacebuilding process.National dialogue processes should be supported as a means to foster common understandings of DDR and SSR challenges (See Case Study Box 5). Depending on the circumstances, specific sectoral presentations at national seminars may be useful to share developments in different parts of the security sector, foster national ownership and better understand the expectations and perspectives of different stakeholder groups. A sub-group on DDR-SSR linkages or specific sub-groups on issues such as political good governance may be established in order to develop knowledge and raise awareness on this nexus. Support to national dialogue processes should include provision of follow-up mechanisms to enhance sustainability.Case Study Box 5 DDR & the national dialogue on SSR in the CAR \\n In the Central African Republic, a dysfunctional and poorly governed security sector has been identified as one of the root causes of conflict. Discussions on DDR were therefore couched in the broader framework of SSR and encouraging a national dialogue process was identified as a first step in addressing this issue. As part of this process, a national seminar was held from 14\u201317 April 2008. The seminar was prepared by a national Security Sector Reform Committee consisting of government officials, rep-resentatives of CAR\u2019s security and justice services, and members of civil society. The seminar resulted in a roadmap for SSR implementation and also set up an evaluation mechanism to review progress. It provided a framework for many of the decisions in subsequent discussions and agreements. The seminar was held at an opportune moment as it was able to guide discussions on other critical aspects of the peace process. A working group session on DDR\/SSR linkages contributed to crystallizing in the minds of the various stakeholders the need to avoid thinking about these issues separately.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1500, "Sentence":"The seminar resulted in a roadmap for SSR implementation and also set up an evaluation mechanism to review progress.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR seminar resulted roadmap ssr implementation also set evaluation mechanism review progress ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.1. National dialogue", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Holding a national seminar does not mean that a common vision of necessary reform measures will (or should) be the outcome. Rather, it can mark the start of a participatory process of dialogue intended to clarify national needs and values and thus link short term security goals to longer term objectives. How national dialogue processes are designed and implemented may be more important than concrete outputs. Broad participation, including the transitional or elected authorities as well as representatives of the security sector, oversight bodies and civil society is important to enhance legitimacy and relevance. They can occur before or after the signing of a peace agreement. Equally, they can take place during transitional periods or following national elections to provide impetus to the peacebuilding process.National dialogue processes should be supported as a means to foster common understandings of DDR and SSR challenges (See Case Study Box 5). Depending on the circumstances, specific sectoral presentations at national seminars may be useful to share developments in different parts of the security sector, foster national ownership and better understand the expectations and perspectives of different stakeholder groups. A sub-group on DDR-SSR linkages or specific sub-groups on issues such as political good governance may be established in order to develop knowledge and raise awareness on this nexus. Support to national dialogue processes should include provision of follow-up mechanisms to enhance sustainability.Case Study Box 5 DDR & the national dialogue on SSR in the CAR \\n In the Central African Republic, a dysfunctional and poorly governed security sector has been identified as one of the root causes of conflict. Discussions on DDR were therefore couched in the broader framework of SSR and encouraging a national dialogue process was identified as a first step in addressing this issue. As part of this process, a national seminar was held from 14\u201317 April 2008. The seminar was prepared by a national Security Sector Reform Committee consisting of government officials, rep-resentatives of CAR\u2019s security and justice services, and members of civil society. The seminar resulted in a roadmap for SSR implementation and also set up an evaluation mechanism to review progress. It provided a framework for many of the decisions in subsequent discussions and agreements. The seminar was held at an opportune moment as it was able to guide discussions on other critical aspects of the peace process. A working group session on DDR\/SSR linkages contributed to crystallizing in the minds of the various stakeholders the need to avoid thinking about these issues separately.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1500, "Sentence":"It provided a framework for many of the decisions in subsequent discussions and agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR provided framework many decision subsequent discussion agreement ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.1. National dialogue", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Holding a national seminar does not mean that a common vision of necessary reform measures will (or should) be the outcome. Rather, it can mark the start of a participatory process of dialogue intended to clarify national needs and values and thus link short term security goals to longer term objectives. How national dialogue processes are designed and implemented may be more important than concrete outputs. Broad participation, including the transitional or elected authorities as well as representatives of the security sector, oversight bodies and civil society is important to enhance legitimacy and relevance. They can occur before or after the signing of a peace agreement. Equally, they can take place during transitional periods or following national elections to provide impetus to the peacebuilding process.National dialogue processes should be supported as a means to foster common understandings of DDR and SSR challenges (See Case Study Box 5). Depending on the circumstances, specific sectoral presentations at national seminars may be useful to share developments in different parts of the security sector, foster national ownership and better understand the expectations and perspectives of different stakeholder groups. A sub-group on DDR-SSR linkages or specific sub-groups on issues such as political good governance may be established in order to develop knowledge and raise awareness on this nexus. Support to national dialogue processes should include provision of follow-up mechanisms to enhance sustainability.Case Study Box 5 DDR & the national dialogue on SSR in the CAR \\n In the Central African Republic, a dysfunctional and poorly governed security sector has been identified as one of the root causes of conflict. Discussions on DDR were therefore couched in the broader framework of SSR and encouraging a national dialogue process was identified as a first step in addressing this issue. As part of this process, a national seminar was held from 14\u201317 April 2008. The seminar was prepared by a national Security Sector Reform Committee consisting of government officials, rep-resentatives of CAR\u2019s security and justice services, and members of civil society. The seminar resulted in a roadmap for SSR implementation and also set up an evaluation mechanism to review progress. It provided a framework for many of the decisions in subsequent discussions and agreements. The seminar was held at an opportune moment as it was able to guide discussions on other critical aspects of the peace process. A working group session on DDR\/SSR linkages contributed to crystallizing in the minds of the various stakeholders the need to avoid thinking about these issues separately.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1500, "Sentence":"The seminar was held at an opportune moment as it was able to guide discussions on other critical aspects of the peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR seminar held opportune moment able guide discussion critical aspect peace process ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.1. National dialogue", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Holding a national seminar does not mean that a common vision of necessary reform measures will (or should) be the outcome. Rather, it can mark the start of a participatory process of dialogue intended to clarify national needs and values and thus link short term security goals to longer term objectives. How national dialogue processes are designed and implemented may be more important than concrete outputs. Broad participation, including the transitional or elected authorities as well as representatives of the security sector, oversight bodies and civil society is important to enhance legitimacy and relevance. They can occur before or after the signing of a peace agreement. Equally, they can take place during transitional periods or following national elections to provide impetus to the peacebuilding process.National dialogue processes should be supported as a means to foster common understandings of DDR and SSR challenges (See Case Study Box 5). Depending on the circumstances, specific sectoral presentations at national seminars may be useful to share developments in different parts of the security sector, foster national ownership and better understand the expectations and perspectives of different stakeholder groups. A sub-group on DDR-SSR linkages or specific sub-groups on issues such as political good governance may be established in order to develop knowledge and raise awareness on this nexus. Support to national dialogue processes should include provision of follow-up mechanisms to enhance sustainability.Case Study Box 5 DDR & the national dialogue on SSR in the CAR \\n In the Central African Republic, a dysfunctional and poorly governed security sector has been identified as one of the root causes of conflict. Discussions on DDR were therefore couched in the broader framework of SSR and encouraging a national dialogue process was identified as a first step in addressing this issue. As part of this process, a national seminar was held from 14\u201317 April 2008. The seminar was prepared by a national Security Sector Reform Committee consisting of government officials, rep-resentatives of CAR\u2019s security and justice services, and members of civil society. The seminar resulted in a roadmap for SSR implementation and also set up an evaluation mechanism to review progress. It provided a framework for many of the decisions in subsequent discussions and agreements. The seminar was held at an opportune moment as it was able to guide discussions on other critical aspects of the peace process. A working group session on DDR\/SSR linkages contributed to crystallizing in the minds of the various stakeholders the need to avoid thinking about these issues separately.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1500, "Sentence":"A working group session on DDR\/SSR linkages contributed to crystallizing in the minds of the various stakeholders the need to avoid thinking about these issues separately.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR working group session ddr\/ssr linkage contributed crystallizing mind various stakeholder need avoid thinking issue separately ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.2. Peace agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Peace processes serve as an early opportunity to ensure DDR and SSR concerns are included on the national agenda and linked within a common framework.15 While DDR decisions often form part of agreements, the relationship between these provisions and decisions on the size and nature of post-conflict security forces frequently reflect the immediate priorities and interests of the different parties\u2014such as maintaining a power base and rewarding allies\u2014rather than being determined by the security needs of the state and its citizens. In supporting peace processes, SSR concerns should therefore influence approach and substance.Where feasible, decisions within peace agreements on demobilization and retention of ex-combatants should be informed by the needs of the future security sector. Level 6 Linkages with other Processes DDR and Security Sector Reform 21 6.10 needs of the future security sector. Given that SSR frameworks will evolve long after the conclusion of peace negotiations, flexibility is important to ensure that parties are not tightly bound to decisions (e.g. on force size) that later prove unrealistic. However, agreement on the broad frameworks of subsequent SSR processes, especially commitments to consultative mechanisms, can provide parties with confidence in and commitment to both the initial DDR programme and recognition of the linkages with longer term SSR requirements. The provision of both DDR and SSR expertise within negotiations can ensure coherence between the two processes. In particular, it is important that advisers promote a broad understanding of SSR that links reform of security providers to issues of management, oversight and accountability. Providing expertise drawn from the same region and ensuring a role for regional political organisations in negotiations may provide additional credibility through their contextual awareness and legitimacy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1501, "Sentence":"Peace processes serve as an early opportunity to ensure DDR and SSR concerns are included on the national agenda and linked within a common framework.15 While DDR decisions often form part of agreements, the relationship between these provisions and decisions on the size and nature of post-conflict security forces frequently reflect the immediate priorities and interests of the different parties\u2014such as maintaining a power base and rewarding allies\u2014rather than being determined by the security needs of the state and its citizens.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR peace process serve early opportunity ensure ddr ssr concern included national agenda linked within common framework.15 ddr decision often form part agreement relationship provision decision size nature postconflict security force frequently reflect immediate priority interest different parties\u2014such maintaining power base rewarding allies\u2014rather determined security need state citizen ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.2. Peace agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Peace processes serve as an early opportunity to ensure DDR and SSR concerns are included on the national agenda and linked within a common framework.15 While DDR decisions often form part of agreements, the relationship between these provisions and decisions on the size and nature of post-conflict security forces frequently reflect the immediate priorities and interests of the different parties\u2014such as maintaining a power base and rewarding allies\u2014rather than being determined by the security needs of the state and its citizens. In supporting peace processes, SSR concerns should therefore influence approach and substance.Where feasible, decisions within peace agreements on demobilization and retention of ex-combatants should be informed by the needs of the future security sector. Level 6 Linkages with other Processes DDR and Security Sector Reform 21 6.10 needs of the future security sector. Given that SSR frameworks will evolve long after the conclusion of peace negotiations, flexibility is important to ensure that parties are not tightly bound to decisions (e.g. on force size) that later prove unrealistic. However, agreement on the broad frameworks of subsequent SSR processes, especially commitments to consultative mechanisms, can provide parties with confidence in and commitment to both the initial DDR programme and recognition of the linkages with longer term SSR requirements. The provision of both DDR and SSR expertise within negotiations can ensure coherence between the two processes. In particular, it is important that advisers promote a broad understanding of SSR that links reform of security providers to issues of management, oversight and accountability. Providing expertise drawn from the same region and ensuring a role for regional political organisations in negotiations may provide additional credibility through their contextual awareness and legitimacy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1501, "Sentence":"In supporting peace processes, SSR concerns should therefore influence approach and substance.Where feasible, decisions within peace agreements on demobilization and retention of ex-combatants should be informed by the needs of the future security sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR supporting peace process ssr concern therefore influence approach substance.where feasible decision within peace agreement demobilization retention excombatants informed need future security sector ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.2. Peace agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Peace processes serve as an early opportunity to ensure DDR and SSR concerns are included on the national agenda and linked within a common framework.15 While DDR decisions often form part of agreements, the relationship between these provisions and decisions on the size and nature of post-conflict security forces frequently reflect the immediate priorities and interests of the different parties\u2014such as maintaining a power base and rewarding allies\u2014rather than being determined by the security needs of the state and its citizens. In supporting peace processes, SSR concerns should therefore influence approach and substance.Where feasible, decisions within peace agreements on demobilization and retention of ex-combatants should be informed by the needs of the future security sector. Level 6 Linkages with other Processes DDR and Security Sector Reform 21 6.10 needs of the future security sector. Given that SSR frameworks will evolve long after the conclusion of peace negotiations, flexibility is important to ensure that parties are not tightly bound to decisions (e.g. on force size) that later prove unrealistic. However, agreement on the broad frameworks of subsequent SSR processes, especially commitments to consultative mechanisms, can provide parties with confidence in and commitment to both the initial DDR programme and recognition of the linkages with longer term SSR requirements. The provision of both DDR and SSR expertise within negotiations can ensure coherence between the two processes. In particular, it is important that advisers promote a broad understanding of SSR that links reform of security providers to issues of management, oversight and accountability. Providing expertise drawn from the same region and ensuring a role for regional political organisations in negotiations may provide additional credibility through their contextual awareness and legitimacy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1501, "Sentence":"Level 6 Linkages with other Processes DDR and Security Sector Reform 21 6.10 needs of the future security sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR level 6 linkage process ddr security sector reform 21 6.10 need future security sector ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.2. Peace agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Peace processes serve as an early opportunity to ensure DDR and SSR concerns are included on the national agenda and linked within a common framework.15 While DDR decisions often form part of agreements, the relationship between these provisions and decisions on the size and nature of post-conflict security forces frequently reflect the immediate priorities and interests of the different parties\u2014such as maintaining a power base and rewarding allies\u2014rather than being determined by the security needs of the state and its citizens. In supporting peace processes, SSR concerns should therefore influence approach and substance.Where feasible, decisions within peace agreements on demobilization and retention of ex-combatants should be informed by the needs of the future security sector. Level 6 Linkages with other Processes DDR and Security Sector Reform 21 6.10 needs of the future security sector. Given that SSR frameworks will evolve long after the conclusion of peace negotiations, flexibility is important to ensure that parties are not tightly bound to decisions (e.g. on force size) that later prove unrealistic. However, agreement on the broad frameworks of subsequent SSR processes, especially commitments to consultative mechanisms, can provide parties with confidence in and commitment to both the initial DDR programme and recognition of the linkages with longer term SSR requirements. The provision of both DDR and SSR expertise within negotiations can ensure coherence between the two processes. In particular, it is important that advisers promote a broad understanding of SSR that links reform of security providers to issues of management, oversight and accountability. Providing expertise drawn from the same region and ensuring a role for regional political organisations in negotiations may provide additional credibility through their contextual awareness and legitimacy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1501, "Sentence":"Given that SSR frameworks will evolve long after the conclusion of peace negotiations, flexibility is important to ensure that parties are not tightly bound to decisions (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR given ssr framework evolve long conclusion peace negotiation flexibility important ensure party tightly bound decision e.g ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.2. Peace agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Peace processes serve as an early opportunity to ensure DDR and SSR concerns are included on the national agenda and linked within a common framework.15 While DDR decisions often form part of agreements, the relationship between these provisions and decisions on the size and nature of post-conflict security forces frequently reflect the immediate priorities and interests of the different parties\u2014such as maintaining a power base and rewarding allies\u2014rather than being determined by the security needs of the state and its citizens. In supporting peace processes, SSR concerns should therefore influence approach and substance.Where feasible, decisions within peace agreements on demobilization and retention of ex-combatants should be informed by the needs of the future security sector. Level 6 Linkages with other Processes DDR and Security Sector Reform 21 6.10 needs of the future security sector. Given that SSR frameworks will evolve long after the conclusion of peace negotiations, flexibility is important to ensure that parties are not tightly bound to decisions (e.g. on force size) that later prove unrealistic. However, agreement on the broad frameworks of subsequent SSR processes, especially commitments to consultative mechanisms, can provide parties with confidence in and commitment to both the initial DDR programme and recognition of the linkages with longer term SSR requirements. The provision of both DDR and SSR expertise within negotiations can ensure coherence between the two processes. In particular, it is important that advisers promote a broad understanding of SSR that links reform of security providers to issues of management, oversight and accountability. Providing expertise drawn from the same region and ensuring a role for regional political organisations in negotiations may provide additional credibility through their contextual awareness and legitimacy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1501, "Sentence":"on force size) that later prove unrealistic.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR force size later prove unrealistic ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.2. Peace agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Peace processes serve as an early opportunity to ensure DDR and SSR concerns are included on the national agenda and linked within a common framework.15 While DDR decisions often form part of agreements, the relationship between these provisions and decisions on the size and nature of post-conflict security forces frequently reflect the immediate priorities and interests of the different parties\u2014such as maintaining a power base and rewarding allies\u2014rather than being determined by the security needs of the state and its citizens. In supporting peace processes, SSR concerns should therefore influence approach and substance.Where feasible, decisions within peace agreements on demobilization and retention of ex-combatants should be informed by the needs of the future security sector. Level 6 Linkages with other Processes DDR and Security Sector Reform 21 6.10 needs of the future security sector. Given that SSR frameworks will evolve long after the conclusion of peace negotiations, flexibility is important to ensure that parties are not tightly bound to decisions (e.g. on force size) that later prove unrealistic. However, agreement on the broad frameworks of subsequent SSR processes, especially commitments to consultative mechanisms, can provide parties with confidence in and commitment to both the initial DDR programme and recognition of the linkages with longer term SSR requirements. The provision of both DDR and SSR expertise within negotiations can ensure coherence between the two processes. In particular, it is important that advisers promote a broad understanding of SSR that links reform of security providers to issues of management, oversight and accountability. Providing expertise drawn from the same region and ensuring a role for regional political organisations in negotiations may provide additional credibility through their contextual awareness and legitimacy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1501, "Sentence":"However, agreement on the broad frameworks of subsequent SSR processes, especially commitments to consultative mechanisms, can provide parties with confidence in and commitment to both the initial DDR programme and recognition of the linkages with longer term SSR requirements.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR however agreement broad framework subsequent ssr process especially commitment consultative mechanism provide party confidence commitment initial ddr programme recognition linkage longer term ssr requirement ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.2. Peace agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Peace processes serve as an early opportunity to ensure DDR and SSR concerns are included on the national agenda and linked within a common framework.15 While DDR decisions often form part of agreements, the relationship between these provisions and decisions on the size and nature of post-conflict security forces frequently reflect the immediate priorities and interests of the different parties\u2014such as maintaining a power base and rewarding allies\u2014rather than being determined by the security needs of the state and its citizens. In supporting peace processes, SSR concerns should therefore influence approach and substance.Where feasible, decisions within peace agreements on demobilization and retention of ex-combatants should be informed by the needs of the future security sector. Level 6 Linkages with other Processes DDR and Security Sector Reform 21 6.10 needs of the future security sector. Given that SSR frameworks will evolve long after the conclusion of peace negotiations, flexibility is important to ensure that parties are not tightly bound to decisions (e.g. on force size) that later prove unrealistic. However, agreement on the broad frameworks of subsequent SSR processes, especially commitments to consultative mechanisms, can provide parties with confidence in and commitment to both the initial DDR programme and recognition of the linkages with longer term SSR requirements. The provision of both DDR and SSR expertise within negotiations can ensure coherence between the two processes. In particular, it is important that advisers promote a broad understanding of SSR that links reform of security providers to issues of management, oversight and accountability. Providing expertise drawn from the same region and ensuring a role for regional political organisations in negotiations may provide additional credibility through their contextual awareness and legitimacy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1501, "Sentence":"The provision of both DDR and SSR expertise within negotiations can ensure coherence between the two processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR provision ddr ssr expertise within negotiation ensure coherence two process ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.2. Peace agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Peace processes serve as an early opportunity to ensure DDR and SSR concerns are included on the national agenda and linked within a common framework.15 While DDR decisions often form part of agreements, the relationship between these provisions and decisions on the size and nature of post-conflict security forces frequently reflect the immediate priorities and interests of the different parties\u2014such as maintaining a power base and rewarding allies\u2014rather than being determined by the security needs of the state and its citizens. In supporting peace processes, SSR concerns should therefore influence approach and substance.Where feasible, decisions within peace agreements on demobilization and retention of ex-combatants should be informed by the needs of the future security sector. Level 6 Linkages with other Processes DDR and Security Sector Reform 21 6.10 needs of the future security sector. Given that SSR frameworks will evolve long after the conclusion of peace negotiations, flexibility is important to ensure that parties are not tightly bound to decisions (e.g. on force size) that later prove unrealistic. However, agreement on the broad frameworks of subsequent SSR processes, especially commitments to consultative mechanisms, can provide parties with confidence in and commitment to both the initial DDR programme and recognition of the linkages with longer term SSR requirements. The provision of both DDR and SSR expertise within negotiations can ensure coherence between the two processes. In particular, it is important that advisers promote a broad understanding of SSR that links reform of security providers to issues of management, oversight and accountability. Providing expertise drawn from the same region and ensuring a role for regional political organisations in negotiations may provide additional credibility through their contextual awareness and legitimacy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1501, "Sentence":"In particular, it is important that advisers promote a broad understanding of SSR that links reform of security providers to issues of management, oversight and accountability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR particular important adviser promote broad understanding ssr link reform security provider issue management oversight accountability ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.2. Peace agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":20, "Paragraph":"Peace processes serve as an early opportunity to ensure DDR and SSR concerns are included on the national agenda and linked within a common framework.15 While DDR decisions often form part of agreements, the relationship between these provisions and decisions on the size and nature of post-conflict security forces frequently reflect the immediate priorities and interests of the different parties\u2014such as maintaining a power base and rewarding allies\u2014rather than being determined by the security needs of the state and its citizens. In supporting peace processes, SSR concerns should therefore influence approach and substance.Where feasible, decisions within peace agreements on demobilization and retention of ex-combatants should be informed by the needs of the future security sector. Level 6 Linkages with other Processes DDR and Security Sector Reform 21 6.10 needs of the future security sector. Given that SSR frameworks will evolve long after the conclusion of peace negotiations, flexibility is important to ensure that parties are not tightly bound to decisions (e.g. on force size) that later prove unrealistic. However, agreement on the broad frameworks of subsequent SSR processes, especially commitments to consultative mechanisms, can provide parties with confidence in and commitment to both the initial DDR programme and recognition of the linkages with longer term SSR requirements. The provision of both DDR and SSR expertise within negotiations can ensure coherence between the two processes. In particular, it is important that advisers promote a broad understanding of SSR that links reform of security providers to issues of management, oversight and accountability. Providing expertise drawn from the same region and ensuring a role for regional political organisations in negotiations may provide additional credibility through their contextual awareness and legitimacy.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1501, "Sentence":"Providing expertise drawn from the same region and ensuring a role for regional political organisations in negotiations may provide additional credibility through their contextual awareness and legitimacy.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR providing expertise drawn region ensuring role regional political organisation negotiation may provide additional credibility contextual awareness legitimacy ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.3. Transitional arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Transitional political arrangements offer clear entry points and opportunities to link DDR and SSR. In particular, transitional arrangements often have a high degree of legitimacy when they are linked to peace agreements and can be used to prepare the ground for longer term reform processes. However, a programmatic approach to SSR that offers opportunities to link DDR to longer term governance objectives may require levels of political will and legiti- mate governance institutions that will most likely only follow the successful completion of national elections that meet minimum democratic standards.During transitional periods prior to national elections, SSR activities should address immediate security needs linked to the DDR process while supporting the development of sustainable national capacities. Building management capacity, promoting an active civil society role and identifying practical measures such as a security sector census or improved payroll system can enhance the long term effectiveness and sustainability of DDR and SSR programmes. In the absence of appropriate oversight mechanisms for the security sector, supporting an ad hoc mechanism to oversee the DDR process, which includes a coordina- tion mechanism for DDR and SSR, should be considered. Such provision should include the subsequent transfer of competencies to formal oversight bodies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1502, "Sentence":"Transitional political arrangements offer clear entry points and opportunities to link DDR and SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR transitional political arrangement offer clear entry point opportunity link ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.3. Transitional arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Transitional political arrangements offer clear entry points and opportunities to link DDR and SSR. In particular, transitional arrangements often have a high degree of legitimacy when they are linked to peace agreements and can be used to prepare the ground for longer term reform processes. However, a programmatic approach to SSR that offers opportunities to link DDR to longer term governance objectives may require levels of political will and legiti- mate governance institutions that will most likely only follow the successful completion of national elections that meet minimum democratic standards.During transitional periods prior to national elections, SSR activities should address immediate security needs linked to the DDR process while supporting the development of sustainable national capacities. Building management capacity, promoting an active civil society role and identifying practical measures such as a security sector census or improved payroll system can enhance the long term effectiveness and sustainability of DDR and SSR programmes. In the absence of appropriate oversight mechanisms for the security sector, supporting an ad hoc mechanism to oversee the DDR process, which includes a coordina- tion mechanism for DDR and SSR, should be considered. Such provision should include the subsequent transfer of competencies to formal oversight bodies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1502, "Sentence":"In particular, transitional arrangements often have a high degree of legitimacy when they are linked to peace agreements and can be used to prepare the ground for longer term reform processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR particular transitional arrangement often high degree legitimacy linked peace agreement used prepare ground longer term reform process ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.3. Transitional arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Transitional political arrangements offer clear entry points and opportunities to link DDR and SSR. In particular, transitional arrangements often have a high degree of legitimacy when they are linked to peace agreements and can be used to prepare the ground for longer term reform processes. However, a programmatic approach to SSR that offers opportunities to link DDR to longer term governance objectives may require levels of political will and legiti- mate governance institutions that will most likely only follow the successful completion of national elections that meet minimum democratic standards.During transitional periods prior to national elections, SSR activities should address immediate security needs linked to the DDR process while supporting the development of sustainable national capacities. Building management capacity, promoting an active civil society role and identifying practical measures such as a security sector census or improved payroll system can enhance the long term effectiveness and sustainability of DDR and SSR programmes. In the absence of appropriate oversight mechanisms for the security sector, supporting an ad hoc mechanism to oversee the DDR process, which includes a coordina- tion mechanism for DDR and SSR, should be considered. Such provision should include the subsequent transfer of competencies to formal oversight bodies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1502, "Sentence":"However, a programmatic approach to SSR that offers opportunities to link DDR to longer term governance objectives may require levels of political will and legiti- mate governance institutions that will most likely only follow the successful completion of national elections that meet minimum democratic standards.During transitional periods prior to national elections, SSR activities should address immediate security needs linked to the DDR process while supporting the development of sustainable national capacities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR however programmatic approach ssr offer opportunity link ddr longer term governance objective may require level political legiti mate governance institution likely follow successful completion national election meet minimum democratic standards.during transitional period prior national election ssr activity address immediate security need linked ddr process supporting development sustainable national capacity ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.3. Transitional arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Transitional political arrangements offer clear entry points and opportunities to link DDR and SSR. In particular, transitional arrangements often have a high degree of legitimacy when they are linked to peace agreements and can be used to prepare the ground for longer term reform processes. However, a programmatic approach to SSR that offers opportunities to link DDR to longer term governance objectives may require levels of political will and legiti- mate governance institutions that will most likely only follow the successful completion of national elections that meet minimum democratic standards.During transitional periods prior to national elections, SSR activities should address immediate security needs linked to the DDR process while supporting the development of sustainable national capacities. Building management capacity, promoting an active civil society role and identifying practical measures such as a security sector census or improved payroll system can enhance the long term effectiveness and sustainability of DDR and SSR programmes. In the absence of appropriate oversight mechanisms for the security sector, supporting an ad hoc mechanism to oversee the DDR process, which includes a coordina- tion mechanism for DDR and SSR, should be considered. Such provision should include the subsequent transfer of competencies to formal oversight bodies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1502, "Sentence":"Building management capacity, promoting an active civil society role and identifying practical measures such as a security sector census or improved payroll system can enhance the long term effectiveness and sustainability of DDR and SSR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR building management capacity promoting active civil society role identifying practical measure security sector census improved payroll system enhance long term effectiveness sustainability ddr ssr programme ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.3. Transitional arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Transitional political arrangements offer clear entry points and opportunities to link DDR and SSR. In particular, transitional arrangements often have a high degree of legitimacy when they are linked to peace agreements and can be used to prepare the ground for longer term reform processes. However, a programmatic approach to SSR that offers opportunities to link DDR to longer term governance objectives may require levels of political will and legiti- mate governance institutions that will most likely only follow the successful completion of national elections that meet minimum democratic standards.During transitional periods prior to national elections, SSR activities should address immediate security needs linked to the DDR process while supporting the development of sustainable national capacities. Building management capacity, promoting an active civil society role and identifying practical measures such as a security sector census or improved payroll system can enhance the long term effectiveness and sustainability of DDR and SSR programmes. In the absence of appropriate oversight mechanisms for the security sector, supporting an ad hoc mechanism to oversee the DDR process, which includes a coordina- tion mechanism for DDR and SSR, should be considered. Such provision should include the subsequent transfer of competencies to formal oversight bodies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1502, "Sentence":"In the absence of appropriate oversight mechanisms for the security sector, supporting an ad hoc mechanism to oversee the DDR process, which includes a coordina- tion mechanism for DDR and SSR, should be considered.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR absence appropriate oversight mechanism security sector supporting ad hoc mechanism oversee ddr process includes coordina tion mechanism ddr ssr considered ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.3. Transitional arrangements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Transitional political arrangements offer clear entry points and opportunities to link DDR and SSR. In particular, transitional arrangements often have a high degree of legitimacy when they are linked to peace agreements and can be used to prepare the ground for longer term reform processes. However, a programmatic approach to SSR that offers opportunities to link DDR to longer term governance objectives may require levels of political will and legiti- mate governance institutions that will most likely only follow the successful completion of national elections that meet minimum democratic standards.During transitional periods prior to national elections, SSR activities should address immediate security needs linked to the DDR process while supporting the development of sustainable national capacities. Building management capacity, promoting an active civil society role and identifying practical measures such as a security sector census or improved payroll system can enhance the long term effectiveness and sustainability of DDR and SSR programmes. In the absence of appropriate oversight mechanisms for the security sector, supporting an ad hoc mechanism to oversee the DDR process, which includes a coordina- tion mechanism for DDR and SSR, should be considered. Such provision should include the subsequent transfer of competencies to formal oversight bodies.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1502, "Sentence":"Such provision should include the subsequent transfer of competencies to formal oversight bodies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR provision include subsequent transfer competency formal oversight body ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Elections", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Elections should serve as an entry point for discussions on DDR and SSR. While successful elections can provide important legitimacy for DDR and SSR processes, they tend to mono- polise the available political space and thus strongly influence timelines and priorities, including resource allocation for DDR and SSR. Army integration may be prioritised in order to support the provision of effective security forces for election security while SSR measures may be designed around the development of an election security plan which brings together the different actors involved.Election security can provide a useful catalyst for discussion on the roles and respon- sibilities of different security actors. It may also result in a focus on capacity building for police and other bodies with a role in elections. Priority setting and planning around sup- port for elections should be linked to longer term SSR priorities. In particular, criteria for entry and training for ex-combatants integrating within the security sector should be con- sistent with the broader values and approaches that underpin the SSR process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1503, "Sentence":"Elections should serve as an entry point for discussions on DDR and SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR election serve entry point discussion ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Elections", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Elections should serve as an entry point for discussions on DDR and SSR. While successful elections can provide important legitimacy for DDR and SSR processes, they tend to mono- polise the available political space and thus strongly influence timelines and priorities, including resource allocation for DDR and SSR. Army integration may be prioritised in order to support the provision of effective security forces for election security while SSR measures may be designed around the development of an election security plan which brings together the different actors involved.Election security can provide a useful catalyst for discussion on the roles and respon- sibilities of different security actors. It may also result in a focus on capacity building for police and other bodies with a role in elections. Priority setting and planning around sup- port for elections should be linked to longer term SSR priorities. In particular, criteria for entry and training for ex-combatants integrating within the security sector should be con- sistent with the broader values and approaches that underpin the SSR process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1503, "Sentence":"While successful elections can provide important legitimacy for DDR and SSR processes, they tend to mono- polise the available political space and thus strongly influence timelines and priorities, including resource allocation for DDR and SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR successful election provide important legitimacy ddr ssr process tend mono polise available political space thus strongly influence timeline priority including resource allocation ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Elections", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Elections should serve as an entry point for discussions on DDR and SSR. While successful elections can provide important legitimacy for DDR and SSR processes, they tend to mono- polise the available political space and thus strongly influence timelines and priorities, including resource allocation for DDR and SSR. Army integration may be prioritised in order to support the provision of effective security forces for election security while SSR measures may be designed around the development of an election security plan which brings together the different actors involved.Election security can provide a useful catalyst for discussion on the roles and respon- sibilities of different security actors. It may also result in a focus on capacity building for police and other bodies with a role in elections. Priority setting and planning around sup- port for elections should be linked to longer term SSR priorities. In particular, criteria for entry and training for ex-combatants integrating within the security sector should be con- sistent with the broader values and approaches that underpin the SSR process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1503, "Sentence":"Army integration may be prioritised in order to support the provision of effective security forces for election security while SSR measures may be designed around the development of an election security plan which brings together the different actors involved.Election security can provide a useful catalyst for discussion on the roles and respon- sibilities of different security actors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR army integration may prioritised order support provision effective security force election security ssr measure may designed around development election security plan brings together different actor involved.election security provide useful catalyst discussion role respon sibilities different security actor ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Elections", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Elections should serve as an entry point for discussions on DDR and SSR. While successful elections can provide important legitimacy for DDR and SSR processes, they tend to mono- polise the available political space and thus strongly influence timelines and priorities, including resource allocation for DDR and SSR. Army integration may be prioritised in order to support the provision of effective security forces for election security while SSR measures may be designed around the development of an election security plan which brings together the different actors involved.Election security can provide a useful catalyst for discussion on the roles and respon- sibilities of different security actors. It may also result in a focus on capacity building for police and other bodies with a role in elections. Priority setting and planning around sup- port for elections should be linked to longer term SSR priorities. In particular, criteria for entry and training for ex-combatants integrating within the security sector should be con- sistent with the broader values and approaches that underpin the SSR process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1503, "Sentence":"It may also result in a focus on capacity building for police and other bodies with a role in elections.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR may also result focus capacity building police body role election ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Elections", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Elections should serve as an entry point for discussions on DDR and SSR. While successful elections can provide important legitimacy for DDR and SSR processes, they tend to mono- polise the available political space and thus strongly influence timelines and priorities, including resource allocation for DDR and SSR. Army integration may be prioritised in order to support the provision of effective security forces for election security while SSR measures may be designed around the development of an election security plan which brings together the different actors involved.Election security can provide a useful catalyst for discussion on the roles and respon- sibilities of different security actors. It may also result in a focus on capacity building for police and other bodies with a role in elections. Priority setting and planning around sup- port for elections should be linked to longer term SSR priorities. In particular, criteria for entry and training for ex-combatants integrating within the security sector should be con- sistent with the broader values and approaches that underpin the SSR process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1503, "Sentence":"Priority setting and planning around sup- port for elections should be linked to longer term SSR priorities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR priority setting planning around sup port election linked longer term ssr priority ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.4. Elections", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Elections should serve as an entry point for discussions on DDR and SSR. While successful elections can provide important legitimacy for DDR and SSR processes, they tend to mono- polise the available political space and thus strongly influence timelines and priorities, including resource allocation for DDR and SSR. Army integration may be prioritised in order to support the provision of effective security forces for election security while SSR measures may be designed around the development of an election security plan which brings together the different actors involved.Election security can provide a useful catalyst for discussion on the roles and respon- sibilities of different security actors. It may also result in a focus on capacity building for police and other bodies with a role in elections. Priority setting and planning around sup- port for elections should be linked to longer term SSR priorities. In particular, criteria for entry and training for ex-combatants integrating within the security sector should be con- sistent with the broader values and approaches that underpin the SSR process.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1503, "Sentence":"In particular, criteria for entry and training for ex-combatants integrating within the security sector should be con- sistent with the broader values and approaches that underpin the SSR process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR particular criterion entry training excombatants integrating within security sector con sistent broader value approach underpin ssr process ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.5. National commissions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National DDR commissions exist in many of the countries that embark on DDR processes and are used to coordinate government authorities and international entities that support the national DDR programme (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR). National DDR commissions therefore provide an impoThe ToRs of National DDR commissions may provide an opportunity to link national DDR and SSR capacities. For example, the commission may share information with rele- vant Ministries (beyond the Ministry of Defence) such as Justice and the Interior as well as the legislative and civil society. Depending on the context, national commissions may be- come permanent parts of the national security sector governance architecture. This can help to ensure that capacities developed in support of a DDR programme are retained within the system beyond the lifespan of the DDR process itself.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1504, "Sentence":"National DDR commissions exist in many of the countries that embark on DDR processes and are used to coordinate government authorities and international entities that support the national DDR programme (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR national ddr commission exist many country embark ddr process used coordinate government authority international entity support national ddr programme see iddrs 3.30 national institution ddr ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.5. National commissions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National DDR commissions exist in many of the countries that embark on DDR processes and are used to coordinate government authorities and international entities that support the national DDR programme (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR). National DDR commissions therefore provide an impoThe ToRs of National DDR commissions may provide an opportunity to link national DDR and SSR capacities. For example, the commission may share information with rele- vant Ministries (beyond the Ministry of Defence) such as Justice and the Interior as well as the legislative and civil society. Depending on the context, national commissions may be- come permanent parts of the national security sector governance architecture. This can help to ensure that capacities developed in support of a DDR programme are retained within the system beyond the lifespan of the DDR process itself.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1504, "Sentence":"National DDR commissions therefore provide an impoThe ToRs of National DDR commissions may provide an opportunity to link national DDR and SSR capacities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR national ddr commission therefore provide impothe tor national ddr commission may provide opportunity link national ddr ssr capacity ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.5. National commissions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National DDR commissions exist in many of the countries that embark on DDR processes and are used to coordinate government authorities and international entities that support the national DDR programme (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR). National DDR commissions therefore provide an impoThe ToRs of National DDR commissions may provide an opportunity to link national DDR and SSR capacities. For example, the commission may share information with rele- vant Ministries (beyond the Ministry of Defence) such as Justice and the Interior as well as the legislative and civil society. Depending on the context, national commissions may be- come permanent parts of the national security sector governance architecture. This can help to ensure that capacities developed in support of a DDR programme are retained within the system beyond the lifespan of the DDR process itself.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1504, "Sentence":"For example, the commission may share information with rele- vant Ministries (beyond the Ministry of Defence) such as Justice and the Interior as well as the legislative and civil society.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR example commission may share information rele vant ministry beyond ministry defence justice interior well legislative civil society ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.5. National commissions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National DDR commissions exist in many of the countries that embark on DDR processes and are used to coordinate government authorities and international entities that support the national DDR programme (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR). National DDR commissions therefore provide an impoThe ToRs of National DDR commissions may provide an opportunity to link national DDR and SSR capacities. For example, the commission may share information with rele- vant Ministries (beyond the Ministry of Defence) such as Justice and the Interior as well as the legislative and civil society. Depending on the context, national commissions may be- come permanent parts of the national security sector governance architecture. This can help to ensure that capacities developed in support of a DDR programme are retained within the system beyond the lifespan of the DDR process itself.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1504, "Sentence":"Depending on the context, national commissions may be- come permanent parts of the national security sector governance architecture.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR depending context national commission may come permanent part national security sector governance architecture ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"9. Programming factors and entry points", "Heading2":"9.4. Entry points", "Heading3":"9.4.5. National commissions", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National DDR commissions exist in many of the countries that embark on DDR processes and are used to coordinate government authorities and international entities that support the national DDR programme (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR). National DDR commissions therefore provide an impoThe ToRs of National DDR commissions may provide an opportunity to link national DDR and SSR capacities. For example, the commission may share information with rele- vant Ministries (beyond the Ministry of Defence) such as Justice and the Interior as well as the legislative and civil society. Depending on the context, national commissions may be- come permanent parts of the national security sector governance architecture. This can help to ensure that capacities developed in support of a DDR programme are retained within the system beyond the lifespan of the DDR process itself.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1504, "Sentence":"This can help to ensure that capacities developed in support of a DDR programme are retained within the system beyond the lifespan of the DDR process itself.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR help ensure capacity developed support ddr programme retained within system beyond lifespan ddr process ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"This section addresses the common challenge of operationalising national ownership in DDR and SSR programmes. It then considers how to enhance synergies in international support for DDR and SSR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1505, "Sentence":"This section addresses the common challenge of operationalising national ownership in DDR and SSR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR section address common challenge operationalising national ownership ddr ssr programme ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"This section addresses the common challenge of operationalising national ownership in DDR and SSR programmes. It then considers how to enhance synergies in international support for DDR and SSR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1505, "Sentence":"It then considers how to enhance synergies in international support for DDR and SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR considers enhance synergy international support ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Weak institutions and limited capacities are frequently cited as impediments to national ownership in post-conflict contexts. However, this points to the need for a dual focus on supporting transparent, inclusive national decision-making combined with the develop- ment of sustainable national capacities. Due attention to national ownership is therefore critical to addressing challenges of legitimacy and sustainability that are common to DDR and SSR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1506, "Sentence":"Weak institutions and limited capacities are frequently cited as impediments to national ownership in post-conflict contexts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR weak institution limited capacity frequently cited impediment national ownership postconflict context ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Weak institutions and limited capacities are frequently cited as impediments to national ownership in post-conflict contexts. However, this points to the need for a dual focus on supporting transparent, inclusive national decision-making combined with the develop- ment of sustainable national capacities. Due attention to national ownership is therefore critical to addressing challenges of legitimacy and sustainability that are common to DDR and SSR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1506, "Sentence":"However, this points to the need for a dual focus on supporting transparent, inclusive national decision-making combined with the develop- ment of sustainable national capacities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR however point need dual focus supporting transparent inclusive national decisionmaking combined develop ment sustainable national capacity ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Weak institutions and limited capacities are frequently cited as impediments to national ownership in post-conflict contexts. However, this points to the need for a dual focus on supporting transparent, inclusive national decision-making combined with the develop- ment of sustainable national capacities. Due attention to national ownership is therefore critical to addressing challenges of legitimacy and sustainability that are common to DDR and SSR.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1506, "Sentence":"Due attention to national ownership is therefore critical to addressing challenges of legitimacy and sustainability that are common to DDR and SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR due attention national ownership therefore critical addressing challenge legitimacy sustainability common ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR national ownership extends beyond central government include wide range actor role security provision management oversight ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR important component ddr assessment phase therefore identify national stakeholder contribute process ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR supporting meaningful involvement parliament civil soci ety well local authority community ddr ssr decisionmaking help ensure programme realistic respond local need ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR development comprehensive national security strategy n narrower sector specific strategy lengthy process continues ddr underway ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.)", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR however insight drawn discussion national local level reflected de sign implementation sequencing ddr ssr programmes.a process national dialogue see 9.4.1 ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR help shape ddr\/ssr framework underpinned contextspecific political security consideration ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR process enacted develop national sectorspecific security strategy inform priority har monise role actor involved ddr ssr see box 7 ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR participation encouraged relevant government ministry e.g ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR interior finance defence intelli gence police justice immigration health education labour social welfare gender national hiv\/aids programme council well legislative committee financial manage ment body ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR civil society represents key target group helping build trust fostering \u2018 buy \u2019 avoiding perception security sector delinked need citizen ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR community consultation communication strategy developed national local medium enhance dialogue process support ddr ssr programmes.box 7 constructing national vision security n key question n sufficient trust national stakeholder support development national vision security" }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR enabling step taken build confidence process" }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"\\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n important current future threat challenge internal external national security" }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"\\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n role security sector value underpin work" }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"\\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n security need community individual including special need woman girl vulnerable group" }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"\\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n area granted priority order address threat" }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"\\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n available resource divided competing public need" }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"\\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n current mandate capacity resource division responsibility reflect threat" }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"\\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n done ensure objective identified implemented" }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.1. Participation and consultation", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"National ownership extends beyond central government to include a wide range of actors with a role in security provision, management and oversight. An important component of the DDR assessment phase should therefore be to identify national stakeholders that can contribute to the process. Supporting the meaningful involvement of parliament, civil soci- ety as well as local authorities and communities in DDR and SSR decision-making can help ensure that programmes are realistic and respond to local needs. The development of a comprehensive national security strategy (NSS) or narrower, sector specific strategies can (and should) be a lengthy process that continues after DDR is underway. However, insights drawn from discussions at national and local levels should be reflected in the de- sign, implementation and sequencing of DDR and SSR programmes.A process of national dialogue (see 9.4.1.) can help shape DDR\/SSR frameworks that are underpinned by context-specific political and security considerations. Processes enacted to develop national or sector-specific security strategies should inform priorities and har- monise the roles of actors involved in both DDR and SSR (see Box 7). Participation should be encouraged from relevant government ministries (e.g. interior, finance, defence, intelli- gence, police, justice, immigration, health, education, labour, social welfare, gender, national HIV\/AIDS Programme Councils), as well as legislative committees and financial manage- ment bodies. Civil society represents a key target group in helping to build trust, fostering \u2018buy in\u2019 and avoiding perceptions that the security sector is de-linked from the needs of citizens. Community consultations and communications strategies should be developed with national and local media to enhance dialogue processes in support of DDR and SSR programmes.Box 7 Constructing a national vision of security \\n Key questions: \\n Is there sufficient trust between national stakeholders to support the development of a national vision of security? If not, what enabling steps can be taken to build confidence in this process? \\n What are the most important current and future threats and challenges (both internal and external) to national security? \\n What is the role of the security sector and what values should underpin its work? \\n What are the security needs of communities and individuals, including the special needs of women, girls and vulnerable groups? \\n What areas should be granted priority in order to address these threats? \\n How should available resources be divided between competing public needs? \\n Do current mandates, capacities, resources and division of responsibilities reflect these threats? \\n What can be done to ensure that the objectives identified will be implemented? Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1507, "Sentence":"Who is responsible for and how effective is oversight and accountability of the security sector?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR responsible effective oversight accountability security sector" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.2. Capacity development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Supporting the development of relevant national capacities to develop, manage and imple- ment programmes enhances the effectiveness of DDR and SSR while creating cross-cutting skills that contribute to the long term integrity of security institutions. Given their experi- ence, ex-combatants may play a significant role in these areas at national and community levels. In particular, a focus on security sector management and oversight provides an important means of contributing to sustainable national capacities.Identifying national capacity gaps linked to DDR\/SSR should be an important objec- tive of needs assessments (see Box 6). Opportunities to develop cross-cutting skills (e.g. strategic planning, human resources, financial management, including gender budgeting, communications and outreach) should be agreed and prioritised with national authorities. Measures to enhance national capacities for democratic control and civilian oversight and to develop effective checks and balances within a clear legal framework are particularly important. Support for parliaments in fulfilling their oversight function can promote trans- parency and therefore trust in programmes and their use of resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1508, "Sentence":"Supporting the development of relevant national capacities to develop, manage and imple- ment programmes enhances the effectiveness of DDR and SSR while creating cross-cutting skills that contribute to the long term integrity of security institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR supporting development relevant national capacity develop manage imple ment programme enhances effectiveness ddr ssr creating crosscutting skill contribute long term integrity security institution ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.2. Capacity development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Supporting the development of relevant national capacities to develop, manage and imple- ment programmes enhances the effectiveness of DDR and SSR while creating cross-cutting skills that contribute to the long term integrity of security institutions. Given their experi- ence, ex-combatants may play a significant role in these areas at national and community levels. In particular, a focus on security sector management and oversight provides an important means of contributing to sustainable national capacities.Identifying national capacity gaps linked to DDR\/SSR should be an important objec- tive of needs assessments (see Box 6). Opportunities to develop cross-cutting skills (e.g. strategic planning, human resources, financial management, including gender budgeting, communications and outreach) should be agreed and prioritised with national authorities. Measures to enhance national capacities for democratic control and civilian oversight and to develop effective checks and balances within a clear legal framework are particularly important. Support for parliaments in fulfilling their oversight function can promote trans- parency and therefore trust in programmes and their use of resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1508, "Sentence":"Given their experi- ence, ex-combatants may play a significant role in these areas at national and community levels.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR given experi ence excombatants may play significant role area national community level ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.2. Capacity development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Supporting the development of relevant national capacities to develop, manage and imple- ment programmes enhances the effectiveness of DDR and SSR while creating cross-cutting skills that contribute to the long term integrity of security institutions. Given their experi- ence, ex-combatants may play a significant role in these areas at national and community levels. In particular, a focus on security sector management and oversight provides an important means of contributing to sustainable national capacities.Identifying national capacity gaps linked to DDR\/SSR should be an important objec- tive of needs assessments (see Box 6). Opportunities to develop cross-cutting skills (e.g. strategic planning, human resources, financial management, including gender budgeting, communications and outreach) should be agreed and prioritised with national authorities. Measures to enhance national capacities for democratic control and civilian oversight and to develop effective checks and balances within a clear legal framework are particularly important. Support for parliaments in fulfilling their oversight function can promote trans- parency and therefore trust in programmes and their use of resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1508, "Sentence":"In particular, a focus on security sector management and oversight provides an important means of contributing to sustainable national capacities.Identifying national capacity gaps linked to DDR\/SSR should be an important objec- tive of needs assessments (see Box 6).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR particular focus security sector management oversight provides important mean contributing sustainable national capacities.identifying national capacity gap linked ddr\/ssr important objec tive need assessment see box 6 ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.2. Capacity development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Supporting the development of relevant national capacities to develop, manage and imple- ment programmes enhances the effectiveness of DDR and SSR while creating cross-cutting skills that contribute to the long term integrity of security institutions. Given their experi- ence, ex-combatants may play a significant role in these areas at national and community levels. In particular, a focus on security sector management and oversight provides an important means of contributing to sustainable national capacities.Identifying national capacity gaps linked to DDR\/SSR should be an important objec- tive of needs assessments (see Box 6). Opportunities to develop cross-cutting skills (e.g. strategic planning, human resources, financial management, including gender budgeting, communications and outreach) should be agreed and prioritised with national authorities. Measures to enhance national capacities for democratic control and civilian oversight and to develop effective checks and balances within a clear legal framework are particularly important. Support for parliaments in fulfilling their oversight function can promote trans- parency and therefore trust in programmes and their use of resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1508, "Sentence":"Opportunities to develop cross-cutting skills (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR opportunity develop crosscutting skill e.g ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.2. Capacity development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Supporting the development of relevant national capacities to develop, manage and imple- ment programmes enhances the effectiveness of DDR and SSR while creating cross-cutting skills that contribute to the long term integrity of security institutions. Given their experi- ence, ex-combatants may play a significant role in these areas at national and community levels. In particular, a focus on security sector management and oversight provides an important means of contributing to sustainable national capacities.Identifying national capacity gaps linked to DDR\/SSR should be an important objec- tive of needs assessments (see Box 6). Opportunities to develop cross-cutting skills (e.g. strategic planning, human resources, financial management, including gender budgeting, communications and outreach) should be agreed and prioritised with national authorities. Measures to enhance national capacities for democratic control and civilian oversight and to develop effective checks and balances within a clear legal framework are particularly important. Support for parliaments in fulfilling their oversight function can promote trans- parency and therefore trust in programmes and their use of resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1508, "Sentence":"strategic planning, human resources, financial management, including gender budgeting, communications and outreach) should be agreed and prioritised with national authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR strategic planning human resource financial management including gender budgeting communication outreach agreed prioritised national authority ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.2. Capacity development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Supporting the development of relevant national capacities to develop, manage and imple- ment programmes enhances the effectiveness of DDR and SSR while creating cross-cutting skills that contribute to the long term integrity of security institutions. Given their experi- ence, ex-combatants may play a significant role in these areas at national and community levels. In particular, a focus on security sector management and oversight provides an important means of contributing to sustainable national capacities.Identifying national capacity gaps linked to DDR\/SSR should be an important objec- tive of needs assessments (see Box 6). Opportunities to develop cross-cutting skills (e.g. strategic planning, human resources, financial management, including gender budgeting, communications and outreach) should be agreed and prioritised with national authorities. Measures to enhance national capacities for democratic control and civilian oversight and to develop effective checks and balances within a clear legal framework are particularly important. Support for parliaments in fulfilling their oversight function can promote trans- parency and therefore trust in programmes and their use of resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1508, "Sentence":"Measures to enhance national capacities for democratic control and civilian oversight and to develop effective checks and balances within a clear legal framework are particularly important.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR measure enhance national capacity democratic control civilian oversight develop effective check balance within clear legal framework particularly important ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.2. Capacity development", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Supporting the development of relevant national capacities to develop, manage and imple- ment programmes enhances the effectiveness of DDR and SSR while creating cross-cutting skills that contribute to the long term integrity of security institutions. Given their experi- ence, ex-combatants may play a significant role in these areas at national and community levels. In particular, a focus on security sector management and oversight provides an important means of contributing to sustainable national capacities.Identifying national capacity gaps linked to DDR\/SSR should be an important objec- tive of needs assessments (see Box 6). Opportunities to develop cross-cutting skills (e.g. strategic planning, human resources, financial management, including gender budgeting, communications and outreach) should be agreed and prioritised with national authorities. Measures to enhance national capacities for democratic control and civilian oversight and to develop effective checks and balances within a clear legal framework are particularly important. Support for parliaments in fulfilling their oversight function can promote trans- parency and therefore trust in programmes and their use of resources.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1508, "Sentence":"Support for parliaments in fulfilling their oversight function can promote trans- parency and therefore trust in programmes and their use of resources.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR support parliament fulfilling oversight function promote trans parency therefore trust programme use resource ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.3. Sustainability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The politically sensitive nature of decisions relating to DDR and SSR means that external actors must pay particular attention to both the form and substance of their engagement. Close understanding of context, including identification of key stakeholders, is essential to ensure that support to national actors is realistic, culturally sensitive and sustainable. Externally- driven pressure to move forward on programming priorities will be counter-productive if this is de-linked from necessary political will and implementation capacity to develop policy and implement programmes at the national level.The design, implementation and timing of external support for DDR and SSR should be closely aligned with national priorities and capacities (see Boxes 6, 7 and 8). Given that activities may raise concerns over interference in areas of national sovereignty, design and approach should be carefully framed. In certain cases, \u201cdevelopment\u201d or \u201cprofessionalisation\u201d rather than \u201creform\u201d may represent more acceptable terminology. Setting out DDR\/SSR commitments in a joint letter of agreement and regularly monitoring implementation pro- vides a transparent means to set out agreed commitments between national authorities and the international community.Box 8 Supporting national ownership and capacities \\n Jointly establish capacity-development strategies with national authorities (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR) that support common DDR and SSR objectives. \\n Support training to develop cross-cutting skills that will be useful in the long term (human resources, financial management, building gender capacity). \\n Identify and empower national reform \u2018champions\u2019 that can support DDR\/SSR. This should be developed through actor mapping during the needs assessment phase. \\n Support the capacity of oversight and coordination bodies to lead and harmonise DDR and SSR activities. Identify gaps in the national legal framework to support oversight and accountability. \\n Consider twinning international experts with national counterparts within security institutions to support skills transfer. \\n Evaluate the potential role of national committees as a mechanism to establish permanent bodies to coordinate DDR\/SSR. \\n Set down commitments in a joint letter of agreement that includes provision for regular evaluation of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1509, "Sentence":"The politically sensitive nature of decisions relating to DDR and SSR means that external actors must pay particular attention to both the form and substance of their engagement.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR politically sensitive nature decision relating ddr ssr mean external actor must pay particular attention form substance engagement ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.3. Sustainability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The politically sensitive nature of decisions relating to DDR and SSR means that external actors must pay particular attention to both the form and substance of their engagement. Close understanding of context, including identification of key stakeholders, is essential to ensure that support to national actors is realistic, culturally sensitive and sustainable. Externally- driven pressure to move forward on programming priorities will be counter-productive if this is de-linked from necessary political will and implementation capacity to develop policy and implement programmes at the national level.The design, implementation and timing of external support for DDR and SSR should be closely aligned with national priorities and capacities (see Boxes 6, 7 and 8). Given that activities may raise concerns over interference in areas of national sovereignty, design and approach should be carefully framed. In certain cases, \u201cdevelopment\u201d or \u201cprofessionalisation\u201d rather than \u201creform\u201d may represent more acceptable terminology. Setting out DDR\/SSR commitments in a joint letter of agreement and regularly monitoring implementation pro- vides a transparent means to set out agreed commitments between national authorities and the international community.Box 8 Supporting national ownership and capacities \\n Jointly establish capacity-development strategies with national authorities (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR) that support common DDR and SSR objectives. \\n Support training to develop cross-cutting skills that will be useful in the long term (human resources, financial management, building gender capacity). \\n Identify and empower national reform \u2018champions\u2019 that can support DDR\/SSR. This should be developed through actor mapping during the needs assessment phase. \\n Support the capacity of oversight and coordination bodies to lead and harmonise DDR and SSR activities. Identify gaps in the national legal framework to support oversight and accountability. \\n Consider twinning international experts with national counterparts within security institutions to support skills transfer. \\n Evaluate the potential role of national committees as a mechanism to establish permanent bodies to coordinate DDR\/SSR. \\n Set down commitments in a joint letter of agreement that includes provision for regular evaluation of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1509, "Sentence":"Close understanding of context, including identification of key stakeholders, is essential to ensure that support to national actors is realistic, culturally sensitive and sustainable.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR close understanding context including identification key stakeholder essential ensure support national actor realistic culturally sensitive sustainable ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.3. Sustainability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The politically sensitive nature of decisions relating to DDR and SSR means that external actors must pay particular attention to both the form and substance of their engagement. Close understanding of context, including identification of key stakeholders, is essential to ensure that support to national actors is realistic, culturally sensitive and sustainable. Externally- driven pressure to move forward on programming priorities will be counter-productive if this is de-linked from necessary political will and implementation capacity to develop policy and implement programmes at the national level.The design, implementation and timing of external support for DDR and SSR should be closely aligned with national priorities and capacities (see Boxes 6, 7 and 8). Given that activities may raise concerns over interference in areas of national sovereignty, design and approach should be carefully framed. In certain cases, \u201cdevelopment\u201d or \u201cprofessionalisation\u201d rather than \u201creform\u201d may represent more acceptable terminology. Setting out DDR\/SSR commitments in a joint letter of agreement and regularly monitoring implementation pro- vides a transparent means to set out agreed commitments between national authorities and the international community.Box 8 Supporting national ownership and capacities \\n Jointly establish capacity-development strategies with national authorities (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR) that support common DDR and SSR objectives. \\n Support training to develop cross-cutting skills that will be useful in the long term (human resources, financial management, building gender capacity). \\n Identify and empower national reform \u2018champions\u2019 that can support DDR\/SSR. This should be developed through actor mapping during the needs assessment phase. \\n Support the capacity of oversight and coordination bodies to lead and harmonise DDR and SSR activities. Identify gaps in the national legal framework to support oversight and accountability. \\n Consider twinning international experts with national counterparts within security institutions to support skills transfer. \\n Evaluate the potential role of national committees as a mechanism to establish permanent bodies to coordinate DDR\/SSR. \\n Set down commitments in a joint letter of agreement that includes provision for regular evaluation of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1509, "Sentence":"Externally- driven pressure to move forward on programming priorities will be counter-productive if this is de-linked from necessary political will and implementation capacity to develop policy and implement programmes at the national level.The design, implementation and timing of external support for DDR and SSR should be closely aligned with national priorities and capacities (see Boxes 6, 7 and 8).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR externally driven pressure move forward programming priority counterproductive delinked necessary political implementation capacity develop policy implement programme national level.the design implementation timing external support ddr ssr closely aligned national priority capacity see box 6 7 8 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.3. Sustainability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The politically sensitive nature of decisions relating to DDR and SSR means that external actors must pay particular attention to both the form and substance of their engagement. Close understanding of context, including identification of key stakeholders, is essential to ensure that support to national actors is realistic, culturally sensitive and sustainable. Externally- driven pressure to move forward on programming priorities will be counter-productive if this is de-linked from necessary political will and implementation capacity to develop policy and implement programmes at the national level.The design, implementation and timing of external support for DDR and SSR should be closely aligned with national priorities and capacities (see Boxes 6, 7 and 8). Given that activities may raise concerns over interference in areas of national sovereignty, design and approach should be carefully framed. In certain cases, \u201cdevelopment\u201d or \u201cprofessionalisation\u201d rather than \u201creform\u201d may represent more acceptable terminology. Setting out DDR\/SSR commitments in a joint letter of agreement and regularly monitoring implementation pro- vides a transparent means to set out agreed commitments between national authorities and the international community.Box 8 Supporting national ownership and capacities \\n Jointly establish capacity-development strategies with national authorities (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR) that support common DDR and SSR objectives. \\n Support training to develop cross-cutting skills that will be useful in the long term (human resources, financial management, building gender capacity). \\n Identify and empower national reform \u2018champions\u2019 that can support DDR\/SSR. This should be developed through actor mapping during the needs assessment phase. \\n Support the capacity of oversight and coordination bodies to lead and harmonise DDR and SSR activities. Identify gaps in the national legal framework to support oversight and accountability. \\n Consider twinning international experts with national counterparts within security institutions to support skills transfer. \\n Evaluate the potential role of national committees as a mechanism to establish permanent bodies to coordinate DDR\/SSR. \\n Set down commitments in a joint letter of agreement that includes provision for regular evaluation of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1509, "Sentence":"Given that activities may raise concerns over interference in areas of national sovereignty, design and approach should be carefully framed.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR given activity may raise concern interference area national sovereignty design approach carefully framed ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.3. Sustainability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The politically sensitive nature of decisions relating to DDR and SSR means that external actors must pay particular attention to both the form and substance of their engagement. Close understanding of context, including identification of key stakeholders, is essential to ensure that support to national actors is realistic, culturally sensitive and sustainable. Externally- driven pressure to move forward on programming priorities will be counter-productive if this is de-linked from necessary political will and implementation capacity to develop policy and implement programmes at the national level.The design, implementation and timing of external support for DDR and SSR should be closely aligned with national priorities and capacities (see Boxes 6, 7 and 8). Given that activities may raise concerns over interference in areas of national sovereignty, design and approach should be carefully framed. In certain cases, \u201cdevelopment\u201d or \u201cprofessionalisation\u201d rather than \u201creform\u201d may represent more acceptable terminology. Setting out DDR\/SSR commitments in a joint letter of agreement and regularly monitoring implementation pro- vides a transparent means to set out agreed commitments between national authorities and the international community.Box 8 Supporting national ownership and capacities \\n Jointly establish capacity-development strategies with national authorities (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR) that support common DDR and SSR objectives. \\n Support training to develop cross-cutting skills that will be useful in the long term (human resources, financial management, building gender capacity). \\n Identify and empower national reform \u2018champions\u2019 that can support DDR\/SSR. This should be developed through actor mapping during the needs assessment phase. \\n Support the capacity of oversight and coordination bodies to lead and harmonise DDR and SSR activities. Identify gaps in the national legal framework to support oversight and accountability. \\n Consider twinning international experts with national counterparts within security institutions to support skills transfer. \\n Evaluate the potential role of national committees as a mechanism to establish permanent bodies to coordinate DDR\/SSR. \\n Set down commitments in a joint letter of agreement that includes provision for regular evaluation of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1509, "Sentence":"In certain cases, \u201cdevelopment\u201d or \u201cprofessionalisation\u201d rather than \u201creform\u201d may represent more acceptable terminology.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR certain case \u201c development \u201d \u201c professionalisation \u201d rather \u201c reform \u201d may represent acceptable terminology ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.3. Sustainability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The politically sensitive nature of decisions relating to DDR and SSR means that external actors must pay particular attention to both the form and substance of their engagement. Close understanding of context, including identification of key stakeholders, is essential to ensure that support to national actors is realistic, culturally sensitive and sustainable. Externally- driven pressure to move forward on programming priorities will be counter-productive if this is de-linked from necessary political will and implementation capacity to develop policy and implement programmes at the national level.The design, implementation and timing of external support for DDR and SSR should be closely aligned with national priorities and capacities (see Boxes 6, 7 and 8). Given that activities may raise concerns over interference in areas of national sovereignty, design and approach should be carefully framed. In certain cases, \u201cdevelopment\u201d or \u201cprofessionalisation\u201d rather than \u201creform\u201d may represent more acceptable terminology. Setting out DDR\/SSR commitments in a joint letter of agreement and regularly monitoring implementation pro- vides a transparent means to set out agreed commitments between national authorities and the international community.Box 8 Supporting national ownership and capacities \\n Jointly establish capacity-development strategies with national authorities (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR) that support common DDR and SSR objectives. \\n Support training to develop cross-cutting skills that will be useful in the long term (human resources, financial management, building gender capacity). \\n Identify and empower national reform \u2018champions\u2019 that can support DDR\/SSR. This should be developed through actor mapping during the needs assessment phase. \\n Support the capacity of oversight and coordination bodies to lead and harmonise DDR and SSR activities. Identify gaps in the national legal framework to support oversight and accountability. \\n Consider twinning international experts with national counterparts within security institutions to support skills transfer. \\n Evaluate the potential role of national committees as a mechanism to establish permanent bodies to coordinate DDR\/SSR. \\n Set down commitments in a joint letter of agreement that includes provision for regular evaluation of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1509, "Sentence":"Setting out DDR\/SSR commitments in a joint letter of agreement and regularly monitoring implementation pro- vides a transparent means to set out agreed commitments between national authorities and the international community.Box 8 Supporting national ownership and capacities \\n Jointly establish capacity-development strategies with national authorities (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR) that support common DDR and SSR objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR setting ddr\/ssr commitment joint letter agreement regularly monitoring implementation pro vides transparent mean set agreed commitment national authority international community.box 8 supporting national ownership capacity n jointly establish capacitydevelopment strategy national authority see iddrs 3.30 national institution ddr support common ddr ssr objective ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.3. Sustainability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The politically sensitive nature of decisions relating to DDR and SSR means that external actors must pay particular attention to both the form and substance of their engagement. Close understanding of context, including identification of key stakeholders, is essential to ensure that support to national actors is realistic, culturally sensitive and sustainable. Externally- driven pressure to move forward on programming priorities will be counter-productive if this is de-linked from necessary political will and implementation capacity to develop policy and implement programmes at the national level.The design, implementation and timing of external support for DDR and SSR should be closely aligned with national priorities and capacities (see Boxes 6, 7 and 8). Given that activities may raise concerns over interference in areas of national sovereignty, design and approach should be carefully framed. In certain cases, \u201cdevelopment\u201d or \u201cprofessionalisation\u201d rather than \u201creform\u201d may represent more acceptable terminology. Setting out DDR\/SSR commitments in a joint letter of agreement and regularly monitoring implementation pro- vides a transparent means to set out agreed commitments between national authorities and the international community.Box 8 Supporting national ownership and capacities \\n Jointly establish capacity-development strategies with national authorities (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR) that support common DDR and SSR objectives. \\n Support training to develop cross-cutting skills that will be useful in the long term (human resources, financial management, building gender capacity). \\n Identify and empower national reform \u2018champions\u2019 that can support DDR\/SSR. This should be developed through actor mapping during the needs assessment phase. \\n Support the capacity of oversight and coordination bodies to lead and harmonise DDR and SSR activities. Identify gaps in the national legal framework to support oversight and accountability. \\n Consider twinning international experts with national counterparts within security institutions to support skills transfer. \\n Evaluate the potential role of national committees as a mechanism to establish permanent bodies to coordinate DDR\/SSR. \\n Set down commitments in a joint letter of agreement that includes provision for regular evaluation of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1509, "Sentence":"\\n Support training to develop cross-cutting skills that will be useful in the long term (human resources, financial management, building gender capacity).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n support training develop crosscutting skill useful long term human resource financial management building gender capacity ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.3. Sustainability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The politically sensitive nature of decisions relating to DDR and SSR means that external actors must pay particular attention to both the form and substance of their engagement. Close understanding of context, including identification of key stakeholders, is essential to ensure that support to national actors is realistic, culturally sensitive and sustainable. Externally- driven pressure to move forward on programming priorities will be counter-productive if this is de-linked from necessary political will and implementation capacity to develop policy and implement programmes at the national level.The design, implementation and timing of external support for DDR and SSR should be closely aligned with national priorities and capacities (see Boxes 6, 7 and 8). Given that activities may raise concerns over interference in areas of national sovereignty, design and approach should be carefully framed. In certain cases, \u201cdevelopment\u201d or \u201cprofessionalisation\u201d rather than \u201creform\u201d may represent more acceptable terminology. Setting out DDR\/SSR commitments in a joint letter of agreement and regularly monitoring implementation pro- vides a transparent means to set out agreed commitments between national authorities and the international community.Box 8 Supporting national ownership and capacities \\n Jointly establish capacity-development strategies with national authorities (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR) that support common DDR and SSR objectives. \\n Support training to develop cross-cutting skills that will be useful in the long term (human resources, financial management, building gender capacity). \\n Identify and empower national reform \u2018champions\u2019 that can support DDR\/SSR. This should be developed through actor mapping during the needs assessment phase. \\n Support the capacity of oversight and coordination bodies to lead and harmonise DDR and SSR activities. Identify gaps in the national legal framework to support oversight and accountability. \\n Consider twinning international experts with national counterparts within security institutions to support skills transfer. \\n Evaluate the potential role of national committees as a mechanism to establish permanent bodies to coordinate DDR\/SSR. \\n Set down commitments in a joint letter of agreement that includes provision for regular evaluation of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1509, "Sentence":"\\n Identify and empower national reform \u2018champions\u2019 that can support DDR\/SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n identify empower national reform \u2018 champion \u2019 support ddr\/ssr ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.3. Sustainability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The politically sensitive nature of decisions relating to DDR and SSR means that external actors must pay particular attention to both the form and substance of their engagement. Close understanding of context, including identification of key stakeholders, is essential to ensure that support to national actors is realistic, culturally sensitive and sustainable. Externally- driven pressure to move forward on programming priorities will be counter-productive if this is de-linked from necessary political will and implementation capacity to develop policy and implement programmes at the national level.The design, implementation and timing of external support for DDR and SSR should be closely aligned with national priorities and capacities (see Boxes 6, 7 and 8). Given that activities may raise concerns over interference in areas of national sovereignty, design and approach should be carefully framed. In certain cases, \u201cdevelopment\u201d or \u201cprofessionalisation\u201d rather than \u201creform\u201d may represent more acceptable terminology. Setting out DDR\/SSR commitments in a joint letter of agreement and regularly monitoring implementation pro- vides a transparent means to set out agreed commitments between national authorities and the international community.Box 8 Supporting national ownership and capacities \\n Jointly establish capacity-development strategies with national authorities (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR) that support common DDR and SSR objectives. \\n Support training to develop cross-cutting skills that will be useful in the long term (human resources, financial management, building gender capacity). \\n Identify and empower national reform \u2018champions\u2019 that can support DDR\/SSR. This should be developed through actor mapping during the needs assessment phase. \\n Support the capacity of oversight and coordination bodies to lead and harmonise DDR and SSR activities. Identify gaps in the national legal framework to support oversight and accountability. \\n Consider twinning international experts with national counterparts within security institutions to support skills transfer. \\n Evaluate the potential role of national committees as a mechanism to establish permanent bodies to coordinate DDR\/SSR. \\n Set down commitments in a joint letter of agreement that includes provision for regular evaluation of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1509, "Sentence":"This should be developed through actor mapping during the needs assessment phase.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR developed actor mapping need assessment phase ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.3. Sustainability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The politically sensitive nature of decisions relating to DDR and SSR means that external actors must pay particular attention to both the form and substance of their engagement. Close understanding of context, including identification of key stakeholders, is essential to ensure that support to national actors is realistic, culturally sensitive and sustainable. Externally- driven pressure to move forward on programming priorities will be counter-productive if this is de-linked from necessary political will and implementation capacity to develop policy and implement programmes at the national level.The design, implementation and timing of external support for DDR and SSR should be closely aligned with national priorities and capacities (see Boxes 6, 7 and 8). Given that activities may raise concerns over interference in areas of national sovereignty, design and approach should be carefully framed. In certain cases, \u201cdevelopment\u201d or \u201cprofessionalisation\u201d rather than \u201creform\u201d may represent more acceptable terminology. Setting out DDR\/SSR commitments in a joint letter of agreement and regularly monitoring implementation pro- vides a transparent means to set out agreed commitments between national authorities and the international community.Box 8 Supporting national ownership and capacities \\n Jointly establish capacity-development strategies with national authorities (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR) that support common DDR and SSR objectives. \\n Support training to develop cross-cutting skills that will be useful in the long term (human resources, financial management, building gender capacity). \\n Identify and empower national reform \u2018champions\u2019 that can support DDR\/SSR. This should be developed through actor mapping during the needs assessment phase. \\n Support the capacity of oversight and coordination bodies to lead and harmonise DDR and SSR activities. Identify gaps in the national legal framework to support oversight and accountability. \\n Consider twinning international experts with national counterparts within security institutions to support skills transfer. \\n Evaluate the potential role of national committees as a mechanism to establish permanent bodies to coordinate DDR\/SSR. \\n Set down commitments in a joint letter of agreement that includes provision for regular evaluation of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1509, "Sentence":"\\n Support the capacity of oversight and coordination bodies to lead and harmonise DDR and SSR activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n support capacity oversight coordination body lead harmonise ddr ssr activity ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.3. Sustainability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The politically sensitive nature of decisions relating to DDR and SSR means that external actors must pay particular attention to both the form and substance of their engagement. Close understanding of context, including identification of key stakeholders, is essential to ensure that support to national actors is realistic, culturally sensitive and sustainable. Externally- driven pressure to move forward on programming priorities will be counter-productive if this is de-linked from necessary political will and implementation capacity to develop policy and implement programmes at the national level.The design, implementation and timing of external support for DDR and SSR should be closely aligned with national priorities and capacities (see Boxes 6, 7 and 8). Given that activities may raise concerns over interference in areas of national sovereignty, design and approach should be carefully framed. In certain cases, \u201cdevelopment\u201d or \u201cprofessionalisation\u201d rather than \u201creform\u201d may represent more acceptable terminology. Setting out DDR\/SSR commitments in a joint letter of agreement and regularly monitoring implementation pro- vides a transparent means to set out agreed commitments between national authorities and the international community.Box 8 Supporting national ownership and capacities \\n Jointly establish capacity-development strategies with national authorities (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR) that support common DDR and SSR objectives. \\n Support training to develop cross-cutting skills that will be useful in the long term (human resources, financial management, building gender capacity). \\n Identify and empower national reform \u2018champions\u2019 that can support DDR\/SSR. This should be developed through actor mapping during the needs assessment phase. \\n Support the capacity of oversight and coordination bodies to lead and harmonise DDR and SSR activities. Identify gaps in the national legal framework to support oversight and accountability. \\n Consider twinning international experts with national counterparts within security institutions to support skills transfer. \\n Evaluate the potential role of national committees as a mechanism to establish permanent bodies to coordinate DDR\/SSR. \\n Set down commitments in a joint letter of agreement that includes provision for regular evaluation of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1509, "Sentence":"Identify gaps in the national legal framework to support oversight and accountability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR identify gap national legal framework support oversight accountability ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.3. Sustainability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The politically sensitive nature of decisions relating to DDR and SSR means that external actors must pay particular attention to both the form and substance of their engagement. Close understanding of context, including identification of key stakeholders, is essential to ensure that support to national actors is realistic, culturally sensitive and sustainable. Externally- driven pressure to move forward on programming priorities will be counter-productive if this is de-linked from necessary political will and implementation capacity to develop policy and implement programmes at the national level.The design, implementation and timing of external support for DDR and SSR should be closely aligned with national priorities and capacities (see Boxes 6, 7 and 8). Given that activities may raise concerns over interference in areas of national sovereignty, design and approach should be carefully framed. In certain cases, \u201cdevelopment\u201d or \u201cprofessionalisation\u201d rather than \u201creform\u201d may represent more acceptable terminology. Setting out DDR\/SSR commitments in a joint letter of agreement and regularly monitoring implementation pro- vides a transparent means to set out agreed commitments between national authorities and the international community.Box 8 Supporting national ownership and capacities \\n Jointly establish capacity-development strategies with national authorities (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR) that support common DDR and SSR objectives. \\n Support training to develop cross-cutting skills that will be useful in the long term (human resources, financial management, building gender capacity). \\n Identify and empower national reform \u2018champions\u2019 that can support DDR\/SSR. This should be developed through actor mapping during the needs assessment phase. \\n Support the capacity of oversight and coordination bodies to lead and harmonise DDR and SSR activities. Identify gaps in the national legal framework to support oversight and accountability. \\n Consider twinning international experts with national counterparts within security institutions to support skills transfer. \\n Evaluate the potential role of national committees as a mechanism to establish permanent bodies to coordinate DDR\/SSR. \\n Set down commitments in a joint letter of agreement that includes provision for regular evaluation of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1509, "Sentence":"\\n Consider twinning international experts with national counterparts within security institutions to support skills transfer.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n consider twinning international expert national counterpart within security institution support skill transfer ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.3. Sustainability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The politically sensitive nature of decisions relating to DDR and SSR means that external actors must pay particular attention to both the form and substance of their engagement. Close understanding of context, including identification of key stakeholders, is essential to ensure that support to national actors is realistic, culturally sensitive and sustainable. Externally- driven pressure to move forward on programming priorities will be counter-productive if this is de-linked from necessary political will and implementation capacity to develop policy and implement programmes at the national level.The design, implementation and timing of external support for DDR and SSR should be closely aligned with national priorities and capacities (see Boxes 6, 7 and 8). Given that activities may raise concerns over interference in areas of national sovereignty, design and approach should be carefully framed. In certain cases, \u201cdevelopment\u201d or \u201cprofessionalisation\u201d rather than \u201creform\u201d may represent more acceptable terminology. Setting out DDR\/SSR commitments in a joint letter of agreement and regularly monitoring implementation pro- vides a transparent means to set out agreed commitments between national authorities and the international community.Box 8 Supporting national ownership and capacities \\n Jointly establish capacity-development strategies with national authorities (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR) that support common DDR and SSR objectives. \\n Support training to develop cross-cutting skills that will be useful in the long term (human resources, financial management, building gender capacity). \\n Identify and empower national reform \u2018champions\u2019 that can support DDR\/SSR. This should be developed through actor mapping during the needs assessment phase. \\n Support the capacity of oversight and coordination bodies to lead and harmonise DDR and SSR activities. Identify gaps in the national legal framework to support oversight and accountability. \\n Consider twinning international experts with national counterparts within security institutions to support skills transfer. \\n Evaluate the potential role of national committees as a mechanism to establish permanent bodies to coordinate DDR\/SSR. \\n Set down commitments in a joint letter of agreement that includes provision for regular evaluation of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1509, "Sentence":"\\n Evaluate the potential role of national committees as a mechanism to establish permanent bodies to coordinate DDR\/SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n evaluate potential role national committee mechanism establish permanent body coordinate ddr\/ssr ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.1. National ownership", "Heading3":"10.1.3. Sustainability", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"The politically sensitive nature of decisions relating to DDR and SSR means that external actors must pay particular attention to both the form and substance of their engagement. Close understanding of context, including identification of key stakeholders, is essential to ensure that support to national actors is realistic, culturally sensitive and sustainable. Externally- driven pressure to move forward on programming priorities will be counter-productive if this is de-linked from necessary political will and implementation capacity to develop policy and implement programmes at the national level.The design, implementation and timing of external support for DDR and SSR should be closely aligned with national priorities and capacities (see Boxes 6, 7 and 8). Given that activities may raise concerns over interference in areas of national sovereignty, design and approach should be carefully framed. In certain cases, \u201cdevelopment\u201d or \u201cprofessionalisation\u201d rather than \u201creform\u201d may represent more acceptable terminology. Setting out DDR\/SSR commitments in a joint letter of agreement and regularly monitoring implementation pro- vides a transparent means to set out agreed commitments between national authorities and the international community.Box 8 Supporting national ownership and capacities \\n Jointly establish capacity-development strategies with national authorities (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR) that support common DDR and SSR objectives. \\n Support training to develop cross-cutting skills that will be useful in the long term (human resources, financial management, building gender capacity). \\n Identify and empower national reform \u2018champions\u2019 that can support DDR\/SSR. This should be developed through actor mapping during the needs assessment phase. \\n Support the capacity of oversight and coordination bodies to lead and harmonise DDR and SSR activities. Identify gaps in the national legal framework to support oversight and accountability. \\n Consider twinning international experts with national counterparts within security institutions to support skills transfer. \\n Evaluate the potential role of national committees as a mechanism to establish permanent bodies to coordinate DDR\/SSR. \\n Set down commitments in a joint letter of agreement that includes provision for regular evaluation of implementation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1509, "Sentence":"\\n Set down commitments in a joint letter of agreement that includes provision for regular evaluation of implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n set commitment joint letter agreement includes provision regular evaluation implementation ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"A common challenge for DDR and SSR programmes is to develop approaches where exter- nal assistance supports national actors in defining and implementing their own security needs and objectives. While operationalising national ownership remains a major challenge for the international community, this can be mitigated through effective coordination, en- hanced capacities and targeted funding.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1510, "Sentence":"A common challenge for DDR and SSR programmes is to develop approaches where exter- nal assistance supports national actors in defining and implementing their own security needs and objectives.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR common challenge ddr ssr programme develop approach exter nal assistance support national actor defining implementing security need objective ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"A common challenge for DDR and SSR programmes is to develop approaches where exter- nal assistance supports national actors in defining and implementing their own security needs and objectives. While operationalising national ownership remains a major challenge for the international community, this can be mitigated through effective coordination, en- hanced capacities and targeted funding.", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1510, "Sentence":"While operationalising national ownership remains a major challenge for the international community, this can be mitigated through effective coordination, en- hanced capacities and targeted funding.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR operationalising national ownership remains major challenge international community mitigated effective coordination en hanced capacity targeted funding ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Improved coordination can support more coherent policy making and programming that takes into account the nexus between DDR and SSR. By contrast, parallel or contradictory approaches risk undermining common objectives to support national DDR and SSR proc- esses. While DDR is characterised by a strong UN role, SSR activities (and funding) are predominantly supported by bilateral donors through specific arrangements with national authorities. In some cases there may be a mixed approach, for example, with bilateral partners supporting army reform, whereas UN Police is advising on rebuilding the police sector. Promoting \u2018joint\u2019 assessments and develop- ing in-country coordination mechanisms can provide a clearer basis for developing co- herent international support in these areas.In practice, limited overlap between ac- tors engaged in DDR and SSR indicates a need to establish more effective coordination mechanisms. The UN may in many cases provide a coordinating role for international support in a given context. Mapping the var- ious actors involved in DDR and SSR and their activities provides a structured basis to identify gaps and build synergies across the international community (see Case Study Box 6 below). Agreeing common understandings of \u2018SSR\u2019, consistent with the UN approach and other relevant policy frameworks is an important starting point for coordination. The creation of a joint steering committee or similar coordination mechanism for DDR\/SSR may contribute to enhancing coherence throughout programme implementation. However, sufficient political will to implement \u2018joined up\u2019 approaches remains the key enabling fac- tor for improved coordination.Case Study Box 6 Strengthening SSR coordination in Burundi \\n In Burundi, the large number of international actors engaged in supporting SSR led to coordination challenges. In 2006, the DDR\/SSR unit of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) recognized the need to improve coordination and identified as a first step the importance of gaining an overview of relevant actors and activities. This was done by mapping current and planned SSR support by international actors in order to minimize overlaps and identify gaps. The mapping was divided by categories of support and included applicable implementation timelines. The DDR\/SSR unit regularly distributed results to the wider international community. Several bilateral actors recognized the value of this initiative and highlighted that the DDR\/SSR unit had a comparative advantage in fulfilling this role because it had the human resources necessary to undertake such efforts.16 While coordination challenges among such a large number of actors is inevitable, ONUB\u2019s efforts has contributed to a more structured dialogue on these issues within the international community in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1511, "Sentence":"Improved coordination can support more coherent policy making and programming that takes into account the nexus between DDR and SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR improved coordination support coherent policy making programming take account nexus ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Improved coordination can support more coherent policy making and programming that takes into account the nexus between DDR and SSR. By contrast, parallel or contradictory approaches risk undermining common objectives to support national DDR and SSR proc- esses. While DDR is characterised by a strong UN role, SSR activities (and funding) are predominantly supported by bilateral donors through specific arrangements with national authorities. In some cases there may be a mixed approach, for example, with bilateral partners supporting army reform, whereas UN Police is advising on rebuilding the police sector. Promoting \u2018joint\u2019 assessments and develop- ing in-country coordination mechanisms can provide a clearer basis for developing co- herent international support in these areas.In practice, limited overlap between ac- tors engaged in DDR and SSR indicates a need to establish more effective coordination mechanisms. The UN may in many cases provide a coordinating role for international support in a given context. Mapping the var- ious actors involved in DDR and SSR and their activities provides a structured basis to identify gaps and build synergies across the international community (see Case Study Box 6 below). Agreeing common understandings of \u2018SSR\u2019, consistent with the UN approach and other relevant policy frameworks is an important starting point for coordination. The creation of a joint steering committee or similar coordination mechanism for DDR\/SSR may contribute to enhancing coherence throughout programme implementation. However, sufficient political will to implement \u2018joined up\u2019 approaches remains the key enabling fac- tor for improved coordination.Case Study Box 6 Strengthening SSR coordination in Burundi \\n In Burundi, the large number of international actors engaged in supporting SSR led to coordination challenges. In 2006, the DDR\/SSR unit of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) recognized the need to improve coordination and identified as a first step the importance of gaining an overview of relevant actors and activities. This was done by mapping current and planned SSR support by international actors in order to minimize overlaps and identify gaps. The mapping was divided by categories of support and included applicable implementation timelines. The DDR\/SSR unit regularly distributed results to the wider international community. Several bilateral actors recognized the value of this initiative and highlighted that the DDR\/SSR unit had a comparative advantage in fulfilling this role because it had the human resources necessary to undertake such efforts.16 While coordination challenges among such a large number of actors is inevitable, ONUB\u2019s efforts has contributed to a more structured dialogue on these issues within the international community in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1511, "Sentence":"By contrast, parallel or contradictory approaches risk undermining common objectives to support national DDR and SSR proc- esses.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR contrast parallel contradictory approach risk undermining common objective support national ddr ssr proc es ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Improved coordination can support more coherent policy making and programming that takes into account the nexus between DDR and SSR. By contrast, parallel or contradictory approaches risk undermining common objectives to support national DDR and SSR proc- esses. While DDR is characterised by a strong UN role, SSR activities (and funding) are predominantly supported by bilateral donors through specific arrangements with national authorities. In some cases there may be a mixed approach, for example, with bilateral partners supporting army reform, whereas UN Police is advising on rebuilding the police sector. Promoting \u2018joint\u2019 assessments and develop- ing in-country coordination mechanisms can provide a clearer basis for developing co- herent international support in these areas.In practice, limited overlap between ac- tors engaged in DDR and SSR indicates a need to establish more effective coordination mechanisms. The UN may in many cases provide a coordinating role for international support in a given context. Mapping the var- ious actors involved in DDR and SSR and their activities provides a structured basis to identify gaps and build synergies across the international community (see Case Study Box 6 below). Agreeing common understandings of \u2018SSR\u2019, consistent with the UN approach and other relevant policy frameworks is an important starting point for coordination. The creation of a joint steering committee or similar coordination mechanism for DDR\/SSR may contribute to enhancing coherence throughout programme implementation. However, sufficient political will to implement \u2018joined up\u2019 approaches remains the key enabling fac- tor for improved coordination.Case Study Box 6 Strengthening SSR coordination in Burundi \\n In Burundi, the large number of international actors engaged in supporting SSR led to coordination challenges. In 2006, the DDR\/SSR unit of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) recognized the need to improve coordination and identified as a first step the importance of gaining an overview of relevant actors and activities. This was done by mapping current and planned SSR support by international actors in order to minimize overlaps and identify gaps. The mapping was divided by categories of support and included applicable implementation timelines. The DDR\/SSR unit regularly distributed results to the wider international community. Several bilateral actors recognized the value of this initiative and highlighted that the DDR\/SSR unit had a comparative advantage in fulfilling this role because it had the human resources necessary to undertake such efforts.16 While coordination challenges among such a large number of actors is inevitable, ONUB\u2019s efforts has contributed to a more structured dialogue on these issues within the international community in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1511, "Sentence":"While DDR is characterised by a strong UN role, SSR activities (and funding) are predominantly supported by bilateral donors through specific arrangements with national authorities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ddr characterised strong un role ssr activity funding predominantly supported bilateral donor specific arrangement national authority ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Improved coordination can support more coherent policy making and programming that takes into account the nexus between DDR and SSR. By contrast, parallel or contradictory approaches risk undermining common objectives to support national DDR and SSR proc- esses. While DDR is characterised by a strong UN role, SSR activities (and funding) are predominantly supported by bilateral donors through specific arrangements with national authorities. In some cases there may be a mixed approach, for example, with bilateral partners supporting army reform, whereas UN Police is advising on rebuilding the police sector. Promoting \u2018joint\u2019 assessments and develop- ing in-country coordination mechanisms can provide a clearer basis for developing co- herent international support in these areas.In practice, limited overlap between ac- tors engaged in DDR and SSR indicates a need to establish more effective coordination mechanisms. The UN may in many cases provide a coordinating role for international support in a given context. Mapping the var- ious actors involved in DDR and SSR and their activities provides a structured basis to identify gaps and build synergies across the international community (see Case Study Box 6 below). Agreeing common understandings of \u2018SSR\u2019, consistent with the UN approach and other relevant policy frameworks is an important starting point for coordination. The creation of a joint steering committee or similar coordination mechanism for DDR\/SSR may contribute to enhancing coherence throughout programme implementation. However, sufficient political will to implement \u2018joined up\u2019 approaches remains the key enabling fac- tor for improved coordination.Case Study Box 6 Strengthening SSR coordination in Burundi \\n In Burundi, the large number of international actors engaged in supporting SSR led to coordination challenges. In 2006, the DDR\/SSR unit of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) recognized the need to improve coordination and identified as a first step the importance of gaining an overview of relevant actors and activities. This was done by mapping current and planned SSR support by international actors in order to minimize overlaps and identify gaps. The mapping was divided by categories of support and included applicable implementation timelines. The DDR\/SSR unit regularly distributed results to the wider international community. Several bilateral actors recognized the value of this initiative and highlighted that the DDR\/SSR unit had a comparative advantage in fulfilling this role because it had the human resources necessary to undertake such efforts.16 While coordination challenges among such a large number of actors is inevitable, ONUB\u2019s efforts has contributed to a more structured dialogue on these issues within the international community in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1511, "Sentence":"In some cases there may be a mixed approach, for example, with bilateral partners supporting army reform, whereas UN Police is advising on rebuilding the police sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR case may mixed approach example bilateral partner supporting army reform whereas un police advising rebuilding police sector ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Improved coordination can support more coherent policy making and programming that takes into account the nexus between DDR and SSR. By contrast, parallel or contradictory approaches risk undermining common objectives to support national DDR and SSR proc- esses. While DDR is characterised by a strong UN role, SSR activities (and funding) are predominantly supported by bilateral donors through specific arrangements with national authorities. In some cases there may be a mixed approach, for example, with bilateral partners supporting army reform, whereas UN Police is advising on rebuilding the police sector. Promoting \u2018joint\u2019 assessments and develop- ing in-country coordination mechanisms can provide a clearer basis for developing co- herent international support in these areas.In practice, limited overlap between ac- tors engaged in DDR and SSR indicates a need to establish more effective coordination mechanisms. The UN may in many cases provide a coordinating role for international support in a given context. Mapping the var- ious actors involved in DDR and SSR and their activities provides a structured basis to identify gaps and build synergies across the international community (see Case Study Box 6 below). Agreeing common understandings of \u2018SSR\u2019, consistent with the UN approach and other relevant policy frameworks is an important starting point for coordination. The creation of a joint steering committee or similar coordination mechanism for DDR\/SSR may contribute to enhancing coherence throughout programme implementation. However, sufficient political will to implement \u2018joined up\u2019 approaches remains the key enabling fac- tor for improved coordination.Case Study Box 6 Strengthening SSR coordination in Burundi \\n In Burundi, the large number of international actors engaged in supporting SSR led to coordination challenges. In 2006, the DDR\/SSR unit of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) recognized the need to improve coordination and identified as a first step the importance of gaining an overview of relevant actors and activities. This was done by mapping current and planned SSR support by international actors in order to minimize overlaps and identify gaps. The mapping was divided by categories of support and included applicable implementation timelines. The DDR\/SSR unit regularly distributed results to the wider international community. Several bilateral actors recognized the value of this initiative and highlighted that the DDR\/SSR unit had a comparative advantage in fulfilling this role because it had the human resources necessary to undertake such efforts.16 While coordination challenges among such a large number of actors is inevitable, ONUB\u2019s efforts has contributed to a more structured dialogue on these issues within the international community in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1511, "Sentence":"Promoting \u2018joint\u2019 assessments and develop- ing in-country coordination mechanisms can provide a clearer basis for developing co- herent international support in these areas.In practice, limited overlap between ac- tors engaged in DDR and SSR indicates a need to establish more effective coordination mechanisms.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR promoting \u2018 joint \u2019 assessment develop ing incountry coordination mechanism provide clearer basis developing co herent international support areas.in practice limited overlap ac tor engaged ddr ssr indicates need establish effective coordination mechanism ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Improved coordination can support more coherent policy making and programming that takes into account the nexus between DDR and SSR. By contrast, parallel or contradictory approaches risk undermining common objectives to support national DDR and SSR proc- esses. While DDR is characterised by a strong UN role, SSR activities (and funding) are predominantly supported by bilateral donors through specific arrangements with national authorities. In some cases there may be a mixed approach, for example, with bilateral partners supporting army reform, whereas UN Police is advising on rebuilding the police sector. Promoting \u2018joint\u2019 assessments and develop- ing in-country coordination mechanisms can provide a clearer basis for developing co- herent international support in these areas.In practice, limited overlap between ac- tors engaged in DDR and SSR indicates a need to establish more effective coordination mechanisms. The UN may in many cases provide a coordinating role for international support in a given context. Mapping the var- ious actors involved in DDR and SSR and their activities provides a structured basis to identify gaps and build synergies across the international community (see Case Study Box 6 below). Agreeing common understandings of \u2018SSR\u2019, consistent with the UN approach and other relevant policy frameworks is an important starting point for coordination. The creation of a joint steering committee or similar coordination mechanism for DDR\/SSR may contribute to enhancing coherence throughout programme implementation. However, sufficient political will to implement \u2018joined up\u2019 approaches remains the key enabling fac- tor for improved coordination.Case Study Box 6 Strengthening SSR coordination in Burundi \\n In Burundi, the large number of international actors engaged in supporting SSR led to coordination challenges. In 2006, the DDR\/SSR unit of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) recognized the need to improve coordination and identified as a first step the importance of gaining an overview of relevant actors and activities. This was done by mapping current and planned SSR support by international actors in order to minimize overlaps and identify gaps. The mapping was divided by categories of support and included applicable implementation timelines. The DDR\/SSR unit regularly distributed results to the wider international community. Several bilateral actors recognized the value of this initiative and highlighted that the DDR\/SSR unit had a comparative advantage in fulfilling this role because it had the human resources necessary to undertake such efforts.16 While coordination challenges among such a large number of actors is inevitable, ONUB\u2019s efforts has contributed to a more structured dialogue on these issues within the international community in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1511, "Sentence":"The UN may in many cases provide a coordinating role for international support in a given context.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR un may many case provide coordinating role international support given context ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Improved coordination can support more coherent policy making and programming that takes into account the nexus between DDR and SSR. By contrast, parallel or contradictory approaches risk undermining common objectives to support national DDR and SSR proc- esses. While DDR is characterised by a strong UN role, SSR activities (and funding) are predominantly supported by bilateral donors through specific arrangements with national authorities. In some cases there may be a mixed approach, for example, with bilateral partners supporting army reform, whereas UN Police is advising on rebuilding the police sector. Promoting \u2018joint\u2019 assessments and develop- ing in-country coordination mechanisms can provide a clearer basis for developing co- herent international support in these areas.In practice, limited overlap between ac- tors engaged in DDR and SSR indicates a need to establish more effective coordination mechanisms. The UN may in many cases provide a coordinating role for international support in a given context. Mapping the var- ious actors involved in DDR and SSR and their activities provides a structured basis to identify gaps and build synergies across the international community (see Case Study Box 6 below). Agreeing common understandings of \u2018SSR\u2019, consistent with the UN approach and other relevant policy frameworks is an important starting point for coordination. The creation of a joint steering committee or similar coordination mechanism for DDR\/SSR may contribute to enhancing coherence throughout programme implementation. However, sufficient political will to implement \u2018joined up\u2019 approaches remains the key enabling fac- tor for improved coordination.Case Study Box 6 Strengthening SSR coordination in Burundi \\n In Burundi, the large number of international actors engaged in supporting SSR led to coordination challenges. In 2006, the DDR\/SSR unit of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) recognized the need to improve coordination and identified as a first step the importance of gaining an overview of relevant actors and activities. This was done by mapping current and planned SSR support by international actors in order to minimize overlaps and identify gaps. The mapping was divided by categories of support and included applicable implementation timelines. The DDR\/SSR unit regularly distributed results to the wider international community. Several bilateral actors recognized the value of this initiative and highlighted that the DDR\/SSR unit had a comparative advantage in fulfilling this role because it had the human resources necessary to undertake such efforts.16 While coordination challenges among such a large number of actors is inevitable, ONUB\u2019s efforts has contributed to a more structured dialogue on these issues within the international community in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1511, "Sentence":"Mapping the var- ious actors involved in DDR and SSR and their activities provides a structured basis to identify gaps and build synergies across the international community (see Case Study Box 6 below).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR mapping var iou actor involved ddr ssr activity provides structured basis identify gap build synergy across international community see case study box 6 ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Improved coordination can support more coherent policy making and programming that takes into account the nexus between DDR and SSR. By contrast, parallel or contradictory approaches risk undermining common objectives to support national DDR and SSR proc- esses. While DDR is characterised by a strong UN role, SSR activities (and funding) are predominantly supported by bilateral donors through specific arrangements with national authorities. In some cases there may be a mixed approach, for example, with bilateral partners supporting army reform, whereas UN Police is advising on rebuilding the police sector. Promoting \u2018joint\u2019 assessments and develop- ing in-country coordination mechanisms can provide a clearer basis for developing co- herent international support in these areas.In practice, limited overlap between ac- tors engaged in DDR and SSR indicates a need to establish more effective coordination mechanisms. The UN may in many cases provide a coordinating role for international support in a given context. Mapping the var- ious actors involved in DDR and SSR and their activities provides a structured basis to identify gaps and build synergies across the international community (see Case Study Box 6 below). Agreeing common understandings of \u2018SSR\u2019, consistent with the UN approach and other relevant policy frameworks is an important starting point for coordination. The creation of a joint steering committee or similar coordination mechanism for DDR\/SSR may contribute to enhancing coherence throughout programme implementation. However, sufficient political will to implement \u2018joined up\u2019 approaches remains the key enabling fac- tor for improved coordination.Case Study Box 6 Strengthening SSR coordination in Burundi \\n In Burundi, the large number of international actors engaged in supporting SSR led to coordination challenges. In 2006, the DDR\/SSR unit of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) recognized the need to improve coordination and identified as a first step the importance of gaining an overview of relevant actors and activities. This was done by mapping current and planned SSR support by international actors in order to minimize overlaps and identify gaps. The mapping was divided by categories of support and included applicable implementation timelines. The DDR\/SSR unit regularly distributed results to the wider international community. Several bilateral actors recognized the value of this initiative and highlighted that the DDR\/SSR unit had a comparative advantage in fulfilling this role because it had the human resources necessary to undertake such efforts.16 While coordination challenges among such a large number of actors is inevitable, ONUB\u2019s efforts has contributed to a more structured dialogue on these issues within the international community in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1511, "Sentence":"Agreeing common understandings of \u2018SSR\u2019, consistent with the UN approach and other relevant policy frameworks is an important starting point for coordination.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR agreeing common understanding \u2018 ssr \u2019 consistent un approach relevant policy framework important starting point coordination ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Improved coordination can support more coherent policy making and programming that takes into account the nexus between DDR and SSR. By contrast, parallel or contradictory approaches risk undermining common objectives to support national DDR and SSR proc- esses. While DDR is characterised by a strong UN role, SSR activities (and funding) are predominantly supported by bilateral donors through specific arrangements with national authorities. In some cases there may be a mixed approach, for example, with bilateral partners supporting army reform, whereas UN Police is advising on rebuilding the police sector. Promoting \u2018joint\u2019 assessments and develop- ing in-country coordination mechanisms can provide a clearer basis for developing co- herent international support in these areas.In practice, limited overlap between ac- tors engaged in DDR and SSR indicates a need to establish more effective coordination mechanisms. The UN may in many cases provide a coordinating role for international support in a given context. Mapping the var- ious actors involved in DDR and SSR and their activities provides a structured basis to identify gaps and build synergies across the international community (see Case Study Box 6 below). Agreeing common understandings of \u2018SSR\u2019, consistent with the UN approach and other relevant policy frameworks is an important starting point for coordination. The creation of a joint steering committee or similar coordination mechanism for DDR\/SSR may contribute to enhancing coherence throughout programme implementation. However, sufficient political will to implement \u2018joined up\u2019 approaches remains the key enabling fac- tor for improved coordination.Case Study Box 6 Strengthening SSR coordination in Burundi \\n In Burundi, the large number of international actors engaged in supporting SSR led to coordination challenges. In 2006, the DDR\/SSR unit of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) recognized the need to improve coordination and identified as a first step the importance of gaining an overview of relevant actors and activities. This was done by mapping current and planned SSR support by international actors in order to minimize overlaps and identify gaps. The mapping was divided by categories of support and included applicable implementation timelines. The DDR\/SSR unit regularly distributed results to the wider international community. Several bilateral actors recognized the value of this initiative and highlighted that the DDR\/SSR unit had a comparative advantage in fulfilling this role because it had the human resources necessary to undertake such efforts.16 While coordination challenges among such a large number of actors is inevitable, ONUB\u2019s efforts has contributed to a more structured dialogue on these issues within the international community in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1511, "Sentence":"The creation of a joint steering committee or similar coordination mechanism for DDR\/SSR may contribute to enhancing coherence throughout programme implementation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR creation joint steering committee similar coordination mechanism ddr\/ssr may contribute enhancing coherence throughout programme implementation ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Improved coordination can support more coherent policy making and programming that takes into account the nexus between DDR and SSR. By contrast, parallel or contradictory approaches risk undermining common objectives to support national DDR and SSR proc- esses. While DDR is characterised by a strong UN role, SSR activities (and funding) are predominantly supported by bilateral donors through specific arrangements with national authorities. In some cases there may be a mixed approach, for example, with bilateral partners supporting army reform, whereas UN Police is advising on rebuilding the police sector. Promoting \u2018joint\u2019 assessments and develop- ing in-country coordination mechanisms can provide a clearer basis for developing co- herent international support in these areas.In practice, limited overlap between ac- tors engaged in DDR and SSR indicates a need to establish more effective coordination mechanisms. The UN may in many cases provide a coordinating role for international support in a given context. Mapping the var- ious actors involved in DDR and SSR and their activities provides a structured basis to identify gaps and build synergies across the international community (see Case Study Box 6 below). Agreeing common understandings of \u2018SSR\u2019, consistent with the UN approach and other relevant policy frameworks is an important starting point for coordination. The creation of a joint steering committee or similar coordination mechanism for DDR\/SSR may contribute to enhancing coherence throughout programme implementation. However, sufficient political will to implement \u2018joined up\u2019 approaches remains the key enabling fac- tor for improved coordination.Case Study Box 6 Strengthening SSR coordination in Burundi \\n In Burundi, the large number of international actors engaged in supporting SSR led to coordination challenges. In 2006, the DDR\/SSR unit of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) recognized the need to improve coordination and identified as a first step the importance of gaining an overview of relevant actors and activities. This was done by mapping current and planned SSR support by international actors in order to minimize overlaps and identify gaps. The mapping was divided by categories of support and included applicable implementation timelines. The DDR\/SSR unit regularly distributed results to the wider international community. Several bilateral actors recognized the value of this initiative and highlighted that the DDR\/SSR unit had a comparative advantage in fulfilling this role because it had the human resources necessary to undertake such efforts.16 While coordination challenges among such a large number of actors is inevitable, ONUB\u2019s efforts has contributed to a more structured dialogue on these issues within the international community in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1511, "Sentence":"However, sufficient political will to implement \u2018joined up\u2019 approaches remains the key enabling fac- tor for improved coordination.Case Study Box 6 Strengthening SSR coordination in Burundi \\n In Burundi, the large number of international actors engaged in supporting SSR led to coordination challenges.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR however sufficient political implement \u2018 joined \u2019 approach remains key enabling fac tor improved coordination.case study box 6 strengthening ssr coordination burundi n burundi large number international actor engaged supporting ssr led coordination challenge ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Improved coordination can support more coherent policy making and programming that takes into account the nexus between DDR and SSR. By contrast, parallel or contradictory approaches risk undermining common objectives to support national DDR and SSR proc- esses. While DDR is characterised by a strong UN role, SSR activities (and funding) are predominantly supported by bilateral donors through specific arrangements with national authorities. In some cases there may be a mixed approach, for example, with bilateral partners supporting army reform, whereas UN Police is advising on rebuilding the police sector. Promoting \u2018joint\u2019 assessments and develop- ing in-country coordination mechanisms can provide a clearer basis for developing co- herent international support in these areas.In practice, limited overlap between ac- tors engaged in DDR and SSR indicates a need to establish more effective coordination mechanisms. The UN may in many cases provide a coordinating role for international support in a given context. Mapping the var- ious actors involved in DDR and SSR and their activities provides a structured basis to identify gaps and build synergies across the international community (see Case Study Box 6 below). Agreeing common understandings of \u2018SSR\u2019, consistent with the UN approach and other relevant policy frameworks is an important starting point for coordination. The creation of a joint steering committee or similar coordination mechanism for DDR\/SSR may contribute to enhancing coherence throughout programme implementation. However, sufficient political will to implement \u2018joined up\u2019 approaches remains the key enabling fac- tor for improved coordination.Case Study Box 6 Strengthening SSR coordination in Burundi \\n In Burundi, the large number of international actors engaged in supporting SSR led to coordination challenges. In 2006, the DDR\/SSR unit of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) recognized the need to improve coordination and identified as a first step the importance of gaining an overview of relevant actors and activities. This was done by mapping current and planned SSR support by international actors in order to minimize overlaps and identify gaps. The mapping was divided by categories of support and included applicable implementation timelines. The DDR\/SSR unit regularly distributed results to the wider international community. Several bilateral actors recognized the value of this initiative and highlighted that the DDR\/SSR unit had a comparative advantage in fulfilling this role because it had the human resources necessary to undertake such efforts.16 While coordination challenges among such a large number of actors is inevitable, ONUB\u2019s efforts has contributed to a more structured dialogue on these issues within the international community in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1511, "Sentence":"In 2006, the DDR\/SSR unit of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) recognized the need to improve coordination and identified as a first step the importance of gaining an overview of relevant actors and activities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR 2006 ddr\/ssr unit united nation operation burundi onub recognized need improve coordination identified first step importance gaining overview relevant actor activity ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Improved coordination can support more coherent policy making and programming that takes into account the nexus between DDR and SSR. By contrast, parallel or contradictory approaches risk undermining common objectives to support national DDR and SSR proc- esses. While DDR is characterised by a strong UN role, SSR activities (and funding) are predominantly supported by bilateral donors through specific arrangements with national authorities. In some cases there may be a mixed approach, for example, with bilateral partners supporting army reform, whereas UN Police is advising on rebuilding the police sector. Promoting \u2018joint\u2019 assessments and develop- ing in-country coordination mechanisms can provide a clearer basis for developing co- herent international support in these areas.In practice, limited overlap between ac- tors engaged in DDR and SSR indicates a need to establish more effective coordination mechanisms. The UN may in many cases provide a coordinating role for international support in a given context. Mapping the var- ious actors involved in DDR and SSR and their activities provides a structured basis to identify gaps and build synergies across the international community (see Case Study Box 6 below). Agreeing common understandings of \u2018SSR\u2019, consistent with the UN approach and other relevant policy frameworks is an important starting point for coordination. The creation of a joint steering committee or similar coordination mechanism for DDR\/SSR may contribute to enhancing coherence throughout programme implementation. However, sufficient political will to implement \u2018joined up\u2019 approaches remains the key enabling fac- tor for improved coordination.Case Study Box 6 Strengthening SSR coordination in Burundi \\n In Burundi, the large number of international actors engaged in supporting SSR led to coordination challenges. In 2006, the DDR\/SSR unit of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) recognized the need to improve coordination and identified as a first step the importance of gaining an overview of relevant actors and activities. This was done by mapping current and planned SSR support by international actors in order to minimize overlaps and identify gaps. The mapping was divided by categories of support and included applicable implementation timelines. The DDR\/SSR unit regularly distributed results to the wider international community. Several bilateral actors recognized the value of this initiative and highlighted that the DDR\/SSR unit had a comparative advantage in fulfilling this role because it had the human resources necessary to undertake such efforts.16 While coordination challenges among such a large number of actors is inevitable, ONUB\u2019s efforts has contributed to a more structured dialogue on these issues within the international community in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1511, "Sentence":"This was done by mapping current and planned SSR support by international actors in order to minimize overlaps and identify gaps.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR done mapping current planned ssr support international actor order minimize overlap identify gap ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Improved coordination can support more coherent policy making and programming that takes into account the nexus between DDR and SSR. By contrast, parallel or contradictory approaches risk undermining common objectives to support national DDR and SSR proc- esses. While DDR is characterised by a strong UN role, SSR activities (and funding) are predominantly supported by bilateral donors through specific arrangements with national authorities. In some cases there may be a mixed approach, for example, with bilateral partners supporting army reform, whereas UN Police is advising on rebuilding the police sector. Promoting \u2018joint\u2019 assessments and develop- ing in-country coordination mechanisms can provide a clearer basis for developing co- herent international support in these areas.In practice, limited overlap between ac- tors engaged in DDR and SSR indicates a need to establish more effective coordination mechanisms. The UN may in many cases provide a coordinating role for international support in a given context. Mapping the var- ious actors involved in DDR and SSR and their activities provides a structured basis to identify gaps and build synergies across the international community (see Case Study Box 6 below). Agreeing common understandings of \u2018SSR\u2019, consistent with the UN approach and other relevant policy frameworks is an important starting point for coordination. The creation of a joint steering committee or similar coordination mechanism for DDR\/SSR may contribute to enhancing coherence throughout programme implementation. However, sufficient political will to implement \u2018joined up\u2019 approaches remains the key enabling fac- tor for improved coordination.Case Study Box 6 Strengthening SSR coordination in Burundi \\n In Burundi, the large number of international actors engaged in supporting SSR led to coordination challenges. In 2006, the DDR\/SSR unit of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) recognized the need to improve coordination and identified as a first step the importance of gaining an overview of relevant actors and activities. This was done by mapping current and planned SSR support by international actors in order to minimize overlaps and identify gaps. The mapping was divided by categories of support and included applicable implementation timelines. The DDR\/SSR unit regularly distributed results to the wider international community. Several bilateral actors recognized the value of this initiative and highlighted that the DDR\/SSR unit had a comparative advantage in fulfilling this role because it had the human resources necessary to undertake such efforts.16 While coordination challenges among such a large number of actors is inevitable, ONUB\u2019s efforts has contributed to a more structured dialogue on these issues within the international community in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1511, "Sentence":"The mapping was divided by categories of support and included applicable implementation timelines.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR mapping divided category support included applicable implementation timeline ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Improved coordination can support more coherent policy making and programming that takes into account the nexus between DDR and SSR. By contrast, parallel or contradictory approaches risk undermining common objectives to support national DDR and SSR proc- esses. While DDR is characterised by a strong UN role, SSR activities (and funding) are predominantly supported by bilateral donors through specific arrangements with national authorities. In some cases there may be a mixed approach, for example, with bilateral partners supporting army reform, whereas UN Police is advising on rebuilding the police sector. Promoting \u2018joint\u2019 assessments and develop- ing in-country coordination mechanisms can provide a clearer basis for developing co- herent international support in these areas.In practice, limited overlap between ac- tors engaged in DDR and SSR indicates a need to establish more effective coordination mechanisms. The UN may in many cases provide a coordinating role for international support in a given context. Mapping the var- ious actors involved in DDR and SSR and their activities provides a structured basis to identify gaps and build synergies across the international community (see Case Study Box 6 below). Agreeing common understandings of \u2018SSR\u2019, consistent with the UN approach and other relevant policy frameworks is an important starting point for coordination. The creation of a joint steering committee or similar coordination mechanism for DDR\/SSR may contribute to enhancing coherence throughout programme implementation. However, sufficient political will to implement \u2018joined up\u2019 approaches remains the key enabling fac- tor for improved coordination.Case Study Box 6 Strengthening SSR coordination in Burundi \\n In Burundi, the large number of international actors engaged in supporting SSR led to coordination challenges. In 2006, the DDR\/SSR unit of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) recognized the need to improve coordination and identified as a first step the importance of gaining an overview of relevant actors and activities. This was done by mapping current and planned SSR support by international actors in order to minimize overlaps and identify gaps. The mapping was divided by categories of support and included applicable implementation timelines. The DDR\/SSR unit regularly distributed results to the wider international community. Several bilateral actors recognized the value of this initiative and highlighted that the DDR\/SSR unit had a comparative advantage in fulfilling this role because it had the human resources necessary to undertake such efforts.16 While coordination challenges among such a large number of actors is inevitable, ONUB\u2019s efforts has contributed to a more structured dialogue on these issues within the international community in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1511, "Sentence":"The DDR\/SSR unit regularly distributed results to the wider international community.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ddr\/ssr unit regularly distributed result wider international community ." }, { "ID":52, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.1. Coordination", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Improved coordination can support more coherent policy making and programming that takes into account the nexus between DDR and SSR. By contrast, parallel or contradictory approaches risk undermining common objectives to support national DDR and SSR proc- esses. While DDR is characterised by a strong UN role, SSR activities (and funding) are predominantly supported by bilateral donors through specific arrangements with national authorities. In some cases there may be a mixed approach, for example, with bilateral partners supporting army reform, whereas UN Police is advising on rebuilding the police sector. Promoting \u2018joint\u2019 assessments and develop- ing in-country coordination mechanisms can provide a clearer basis for developing co- herent international support in these areas.In practice, limited overlap between ac- tors engaged in DDR and SSR indicates a need to establish more effective coordination mechanisms. The UN may in many cases provide a coordinating role for international support in a given context. Mapping the var- ious actors involved in DDR and SSR and their activities provides a structured basis to identify gaps and build synergies across the international community (see Case Study Box 6 below). Agreeing common understandings of \u2018SSR\u2019, consistent with the UN approach and other relevant policy frameworks is an important starting point for coordination. The creation of a joint steering committee or similar coordination mechanism for DDR\/SSR may contribute to enhancing coherence throughout programme implementation. However, sufficient political will to implement \u2018joined up\u2019 approaches remains the key enabling fac- tor for improved coordination.Case Study Box 6 Strengthening SSR coordination in Burundi \\n In Burundi, the large number of international actors engaged in supporting SSR led to coordination challenges. In 2006, the DDR\/SSR unit of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) recognized the need to improve coordination and identified as a first step the importance of gaining an overview of relevant actors and activities. This was done by mapping current and planned SSR support by international actors in order to minimize overlaps and identify gaps. The mapping was divided by categories of support and included applicable implementation timelines. The DDR\/SSR unit regularly distributed results to the wider international community. Several bilateral actors recognized the value of this initiative and highlighted that the DDR\/SSR unit had a comparative advantage in fulfilling this role because it had the human resources necessary to undertake such efforts.16 While coordination challenges among such a large number of actors is inevitable, ONUB\u2019s efforts has contributed to a more structured dialogue on these issues within the international community in Burundi.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1511, "Sentence":"Several bilateral actors recognized the value of this initiative and highlighted that the DDR\/SSR unit had a comparative advantage in fulfilling this role because it had the human resources necessary to undertake such efforts.16 While coordination challenges among such a large number of actors is inevitable, ONUB\u2019s efforts has contributed to a more structured dialogue on these issues within the international community in Burundi.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR several bilateral actor recognized value initiative highlighted ddr\/ssr unit comparative advantage fulfilling role human resource necessary undertake efforts.16 coordination challenge among large number actor inevitable onub \u2019 effort contributed structured dialogue issue within international community burundi ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.2. Capacities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Support to DDR\/SSR processes requires the deployment of a range of different capacities.17 Awareness of the potential synergies that may be realised through a coherent approach to these activities is equally important. Appropriate training offers a means to develop such awareness while including the need to consider the relationship between DDR and SSR in the terms of reference (ToRs) of staff members provides a practical means to embed this issue within programmes.Cross-participation by DDR and SSR experts in tailored training programmes that ad- dress the DDR\/SSR nexus should be developed to support knowledge transfer and foster common understandings. Where appropriate, coordination with SSR counterparts (and vice versa) should be included in the ToRs of relevant headquarters and field-based personnel. Linking the provision of DDR\/SSR capacities to a shared vision of DDR\/SSR objectives in a given context and an understanding of comparative advantages in different aspects of DDR\/ SSR should be an important component of joint coordination and planning (see 10.2.1.).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1512, "Sentence":"Support to DDR\/SSR processes requires the deployment of a range of different capacities.17 Awareness of the potential synergies that may be realised through a coherent approach to these activities is equally important.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR support ddr\/ssr process requires deployment range different capacities.17 awareness potential synergy may realised coherent approach activity equally important ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.2. Capacities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Support to DDR\/SSR processes requires the deployment of a range of different capacities.17 Awareness of the potential synergies that may be realised through a coherent approach to these activities is equally important. Appropriate training offers a means to develop such awareness while including the need to consider the relationship between DDR and SSR in the terms of reference (ToRs) of staff members provides a practical means to embed this issue within programmes.Cross-participation by DDR and SSR experts in tailored training programmes that ad- dress the DDR\/SSR nexus should be developed to support knowledge transfer and foster common understandings. Where appropriate, coordination with SSR counterparts (and vice versa) should be included in the ToRs of relevant headquarters and field-based personnel. Linking the provision of DDR\/SSR capacities to a shared vision of DDR\/SSR objectives in a given context and an understanding of comparative advantages in different aspects of DDR\/ SSR should be an important component of joint coordination and planning (see 10.2.1.).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1512, "Sentence":"Appropriate training offers a means to develop such awareness while including the need to consider the relationship between DDR and SSR in the terms of reference (ToRs) of staff members provides a practical means to embed this issue within programmes.Cross-participation by DDR and SSR experts in tailored training programmes that ad- dress the DDR\/SSR nexus should be developed to support knowledge transfer and foster common understandings.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR appropriate training offer mean develop awareness including need consider relationship ddr ssr term reference tor staff member provides practical mean embed issue within programmes.crossparticipation ddr ssr expert tailored training programme ad dress ddr\/ssr nexus developed support knowledge transfer foster common understanding ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.2. Capacities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Support to DDR\/SSR processes requires the deployment of a range of different capacities.17 Awareness of the potential synergies that may be realised through a coherent approach to these activities is equally important. Appropriate training offers a means to develop such awareness while including the need to consider the relationship between DDR and SSR in the terms of reference (ToRs) of staff members provides a practical means to embed this issue within programmes.Cross-participation by DDR and SSR experts in tailored training programmes that ad- dress the DDR\/SSR nexus should be developed to support knowledge transfer and foster common understandings. Where appropriate, coordination with SSR counterparts (and vice versa) should be included in the ToRs of relevant headquarters and field-based personnel. Linking the provision of DDR\/SSR capacities to a shared vision of DDR\/SSR objectives in a given context and an understanding of comparative advantages in different aspects of DDR\/ SSR should be an important component of joint coordination and planning (see 10.2.1.).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1512, "Sentence":"Where appropriate, coordination with SSR counterparts (and vice versa) should be included in the ToRs of relevant headquarters and field-based personnel.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR appropriate coordination ssr counterpart vice versa included tor relevant headquarters fieldbased personnel ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.2. Capacities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Support to DDR\/SSR processes requires the deployment of a range of different capacities.17 Awareness of the potential synergies that may be realised through a coherent approach to these activities is equally important. Appropriate training offers a means to develop such awareness while including the need to consider the relationship between DDR and SSR in the terms of reference (ToRs) of staff members provides a practical means to embed this issue within programmes.Cross-participation by DDR and SSR experts in tailored training programmes that ad- dress the DDR\/SSR nexus should be developed to support knowledge transfer and foster common understandings. Where appropriate, coordination with SSR counterparts (and vice versa) should be included in the ToRs of relevant headquarters and field-based personnel. Linking the provision of DDR\/SSR capacities to a shared vision of DDR\/SSR objectives in a given context and an understanding of comparative advantages in different aspects of DDR\/ SSR should be an important component of joint coordination and planning (see 10.2.1.).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1512, "Sentence":"Linking the provision of DDR\/SSR capacities to a shared vision of DDR\/SSR objectives in a given context and an understanding of comparative advantages in different aspects of DDR\/ SSR should be an important component of joint coordination and planning (see 10.2.1.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR linking provision ddr\/ssr capacity shared vision ddr\/ssr objective given context understanding comparative advantage different aspect ddr\/ ssr important component joint coordination planning see 10.2.1 ." }, { "ID":53, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.2. Capacities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Support to DDR\/SSR processes requires the deployment of a range of different capacities.17 Awareness of the potential synergies that may be realised through a coherent approach to these activities is equally important. Appropriate training offers a means to develop such awareness while including the need to consider the relationship between DDR and SSR in the terms of reference (ToRs) of staff members provides a practical means to embed this issue within programmes.Cross-participation by DDR and SSR experts in tailored training programmes that ad- dress the DDR\/SSR nexus should be developed to support knowledge transfer and foster common understandings. Where appropriate, coordination with SSR counterparts (and vice versa) should be included in the ToRs of relevant headquarters and field-based personnel. Linking the provision of DDR\/SSR capacities to a shared vision of DDR\/SSR objectives in a given context and an understanding of comparative advantages in different aspects of DDR\/ SSR should be an important component of joint coordination and planning (see 10.2.1.).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1512, "Sentence":").", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.3 Funding", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Recognizing that the success of DDR may be linked to progress in SSR, or vice versa, re- quires sensitivity to the need to invest simultaneously in related programmes. Implementation of DDR and SSR programmes is frequently hampered by the non-availability or slow disburse- ment of funds. Delays in one area due to lack of funding can mean that funds earmarked for other key activities can also be blocked. If ex-combatants are forced to wait to enter the DDR process because of funding delays, this may result in heightened tensions or participants abandoning the process.Given the context specific ways that DDR and SSR can influence each other, there is no ideal model for integrated DDR-SSR funding. Increased use of multi-donor trust funds that address both issues represents one potential means to more effectively integrate DDR and SSR through pooled funding. National ownership is a key consideration: funding support for DDR\/SSR should reflect the absorptive capacity of the state, including national resource limitations. In particular, the levels of ex-combatants integrated within the reformed security sector should be sus- tainable through national budgets. Supporting measures to enhance management and oversight of security budgeting provide an important means to support the effective use of limited resources for DDR and SSR. Improved transparency and accountability also contributes to building trust at the national level and between national authorities and international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1513, "Sentence":"Recognizing that the success of DDR may be linked to progress in SSR, or vice versa, re- quires sensitivity to the need to invest simultaneously in related programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR recognizing success ddr may linked progress ssr vice versa quire sensitivity need invest simultaneously related programme ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.3 Funding", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Recognizing that the success of DDR may be linked to progress in SSR, or vice versa, re- quires sensitivity to the need to invest simultaneously in related programmes. Implementation of DDR and SSR programmes is frequently hampered by the non-availability or slow disburse- ment of funds. Delays in one area due to lack of funding can mean that funds earmarked for other key activities can also be blocked. If ex-combatants are forced to wait to enter the DDR process because of funding delays, this may result in heightened tensions or participants abandoning the process.Given the context specific ways that DDR and SSR can influence each other, there is no ideal model for integrated DDR-SSR funding. Increased use of multi-donor trust funds that address both issues represents one potential means to more effectively integrate DDR and SSR through pooled funding. National ownership is a key consideration: funding support for DDR\/SSR should reflect the absorptive capacity of the state, including national resource limitations. In particular, the levels of ex-combatants integrated within the reformed security sector should be sus- tainable through national budgets. Supporting measures to enhance management and oversight of security budgeting provide an important means to support the effective use of limited resources for DDR and SSR. Improved transparency and accountability also contributes to building trust at the national level and between national authorities and international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1513, "Sentence":"Implementation of DDR and SSR programmes is frequently hampered by the non-availability or slow disburse- ment of funds.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR implementation ddr ssr programme frequently hampered nonavailability slow disburse ment fund ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.3 Funding", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Recognizing that the success of DDR may be linked to progress in SSR, or vice versa, re- quires sensitivity to the need to invest simultaneously in related programmes. Implementation of DDR and SSR programmes is frequently hampered by the non-availability or slow disburse- ment of funds. Delays in one area due to lack of funding can mean that funds earmarked for other key activities can also be blocked. If ex-combatants are forced to wait to enter the DDR process because of funding delays, this may result in heightened tensions or participants abandoning the process.Given the context specific ways that DDR and SSR can influence each other, there is no ideal model for integrated DDR-SSR funding. Increased use of multi-donor trust funds that address both issues represents one potential means to more effectively integrate DDR and SSR through pooled funding. National ownership is a key consideration: funding support for DDR\/SSR should reflect the absorptive capacity of the state, including national resource limitations. In particular, the levels of ex-combatants integrated within the reformed security sector should be sus- tainable through national budgets. Supporting measures to enhance management and oversight of security budgeting provide an important means to support the effective use of limited resources for DDR and SSR. Improved transparency and accountability also contributes to building trust at the national level and between national authorities and international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1513, "Sentence":"Delays in one area due to lack of funding can mean that funds earmarked for other key activities can also be blocked.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR delay one area due lack funding mean fund earmarked key activity also blocked ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.3 Funding", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Recognizing that the success of DDR may be linked to progress in SSR, or vice versa, re- quires sensitivity to the need to invest simultaneously in related programmes. Implementation of DDR and SSR programmes is frequently hampered by the non-availability or slow disburse- ment of funds. Delays in one area due to lack of funding can mean that funds earmarked for other key activities can also be blocked. If ex-combatants are forced to wait to enter the DDR process because of funding delays, this may result in heightened tensions or participants abandoning the process.Given the context specific ways that DDR and SSR can influence each other, there is no ideal model for integrated DDR-SSR funding. Increased use of multi-donor trust funds that address both issues represents one potential means to more effectively integrate DDR and SSR through pooled funding. National ownership is a key consideration: funding support for DDR\/SSR should reflect the absorptive capacity of the state, including national resource limitations. In particular, the levels of ex-combatants integrated within the reformed security sector should be sus- tainable through national budgets. Supporting measures to enhance management and oversight of security budgeting provide an important means to support the effective use of limited resources for DDR and SSR. Improved transparency and accountability also contributes to building trust at the national level and between national authorities and international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1513, "Sentence":"If ex-combatants are forced to wait to enter the DDR process because of funding delays, this may result in heightened tensions or participants abandoning the process.Given the context specific ways that DDR and SSR can influence each other, there is no ideal model for integrated DDR-SSR funding.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR excombatants forced wait enter ddr process funding delay may result heightened tension participant abandoning process.given context specific way ddr ssr influence ideal model integrated ddrssr funding ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.3 Funding", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Recognizing that the success of DDR may be linked to progress in SSR, or vice versa, re- quires sensitivity to the need to invest simultaneously in related programmes. Implementation of DDR and SSR programmes is frequently hampered by the non-availability or slow disburse- ment of funds. Delays in one area due to lack of funding can mean that funds earmarked for other key activities can also be blocked. If ex-combatants are forced to wait to enter the DDR process because of funding delays, this may result in heightened tensions or participants abandoning the process.Given the context specific ways that DDR and SSR can influence each other, there is no ideal model for integrated DDR-SSR funding. Increased use of multi-donor trust funds that address both issues represents one potential means to more effectively integrate DDR and SSR through pooled funding. National ownership is a key consideration: funding support for DDR\/SSR should reflect the absorptive capacity of the state, including national resource limitations. In particular, the levels of ex-combatants integrated within the reformed security sector should be sus- tainable through national budgets. Supporting measures to enhance management and oversight of security budgeting provide an important means to support the effective use of limited resources for DDR and SSR. Improved transparency and accountability also contributes to building trust at the national level and between national authorities and international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1513, "Sentence":"Increased use of multi-donor trust funds that address both issues represents one potential means to more effectively integrate DDR and SSR through pooled funding.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR increased use multidonor trust fund address issue represents one potential mean effectively integrate ddr ssr pooled funding ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.3 Funding", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Recognizing that the success of DDR may be linked to progress in SSR, or vice versa, re- quires sensitivity to the need to invest simultaneously in related programmes. Implementation of DDR and SSR programmes is frequently hampered by the non-availability or slow disburse- ment of funds. Delays in one area due to lack of funding can mean that funds earmarked for other key activities can also be blocked. If ex-combatants are forced to wait to enter the DDR process because of funding delays, this may result in heightened tensions or participants abandoning the process.Given the context specific ways that DDR and SSR can influence each other, there is no ideal model for integrated DDR-SSR funding. Increased use of multi-donor trust funds that address both issues represents one potential means to more effectively integrate DDR and SSR through pooled funding. National ownership is a key consideration: funding support for DDR\/SSR should reflect the absorptive capacity of the state, including national resource limitations. In particular, the levels of ex-combatants integrated within the reformed security sector should be sus- tainable through national budgets. Supporting measures to enhance management and oversight of security budgeting provide an important means to support the effective use of limited resources for DDR and SSR. Improved transparency and accountability also contributes to building trust at the national level and between national authorities and international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1513, "Sentence":"National ownership is a key consideration: funding support for DDR\/SSR should reflect the absorptive capacity of the state, including national resource limitations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR national ownership key consideration funding support ddr\/ssr reflect absorptive capacity state including national resource limitation ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.3 Funding", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Recognizing that the success of DDR may be linked to progress in SSR, or vice versa, re- quires sensitivity to the need to invest simultaneously in related programmes. Implementation of DDR and SSR programmes is frequently hampered by the non-availability or slow disburse- ment of funds. Delays in one area due to lack of funding can mean that funds earmarked for other key activities can also be blocked. If ex-combatants are forced to wait to enter the DDR process because of funding delays, this may result in heightened tensions or participants abandoning the process.Given the context specific ways that DDR and SSR can influence each other, there is no ideal model for integrated DDR-SSR funding. Increased use of multi-donor trust funds that address both issues represents one potential means to more effectively integrate DDR and SSR through pooled funding. National ownership is a key consideration: funding support for DDR\/SSR should reflect the absorptive capacity of the state, including national resource limitations. In particular, the levels of ex-combatants integrated within the reformed security sector should be sus- tainable through national budgets. Supporting measures to enhance management and oversight of security budgeting provide an important means to support the effective use of limited resources for DDR and SSR. Improved transparency and accountability also contributes to building trust at the national level and between national authorities and international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1513, "Sentence":"In particular, the levels of ex-combatants integrated within the reformed security sector should be sus- tainable through national budgets.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR particular level excombatants integrated within reformed security sector sus tainable national budget ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.3 Funding", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Recognizing that the success of DDR may be linked to progress in SSR, or vice versa, re- quires sensitivity to the need to invest simultaneously in related programmes. Implementation of DDR and SSR programmes is frequently hampered by the non-availability or slow disburse- ment of funds. Delays in one area due to lack of funding can mean that funds earmarked for other key activities can also be blocked. If ex-combatants are forced to wait to enter the DDR process because of funding delays, this may result in heightened tensions or participants abandoning the process.Given the context specific ways that DDR and SSR can influence each other, there is no ideal model for integrated DDR-SSR funding. Increased use of multi-donor trust funds that address both issues represents one potential means to more effectively integrate DDR and SSR through pooled funding. National ownership is a key consideration: funding support for DDR\/SSR should reflect the absorptive capacity of the state, including national resource limitations. In particular, the levels of ex-combatants integrated within the reformed security sector should be sus- tainable through national budgets. Supporting measures to enhance management and oversight of security budgeting provide an important means to support the effective use of limited resources for DDR and SSR. Improved transparency and accountability also contributes to building trust at the national level and between national authorities and international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1513, "Sentence":"Supporting measures to enhance management and oversight of security budgeting provide an important means to support the effective use of limited resources for DDR and SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR supporting measure enhance management oversight security budgeting provide important mean support effective use limited resource ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":54, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"10. Supporting national and international capacities", "Heading2":"10.2. International support", "Heading3":"10.2.3 Funding", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"Recognizing that the success of DDR may be linked to progress in SSR, or vice versa, re- quires sensitivity to the need to invest simultaneously in related programmes. Implementation of DDR and SSR programmes is frequently hampered by the non-availability or slow disburse- ment of funds. Delays in one area due to lack of funding can mean that funds earmarked for other key activities can also be blocked. If ex-combatants are forced to wait to enter the DDR process because of funding delays, this may result in heightened tensions or participants abandoning the process.Given the context specific ways that DDR and SSR can influence each other, there is no ideal model for integrated DDR-SSR funding. Increased use of multi-donor trust funds that address both issues represents one potential means to more effectively integrate DDR and SSR through pooled funding. National ownership is a key consideration: funding support for DDR\/SSR should reflect the absorptive capacity of the state, including national resource limitations. In particular, the levels of ex-combatants integrated within the reformed security sector should be sus- tainable through national budgets. Supporting measures to enhance management and oversight of security budgeting provide an important means to support the effective use of limited resources for DDR and SSR. Improved transparency and accountability also contributes to building trust at the national level and between national authorities and international partners.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1513, "Sentence":"Improved transparency and accountability also contributes to building trust at the national level and between national authorities and international partners.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR improved transparency accountability also contributes building trust national level national authority international partner ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The following is an indicative checklist for considering DDR-SSR linkages. Without being exhaustive, it summarises key points emerging from the module relevant for policy mak- ers and practitioners.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1514, "Sentence":"The following is an indicative checklist for considering DDR-SSR linkages.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR following indicative checklist considering ddrssr linkage ." }, { "ID":55, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"The following is an indicative checklist for considering DDR-SSR linkages. Without being exhaustive, it summarises key points emerging from the module relevant for policy mak- ers and practitioners.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1514, "Sentence":"Without being exhaustive, it summarises key points emerging from the module relevant for policy mak- ers and practitioners.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR without exhaustive summarises key point emerging module relevant policy mak er practitioner ." }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.1. General", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Have measures been taken to engage both DDR and SSR experts in the negotiation of peace agreements so that provisions for the two are mutually supportive? \\n Are a broad range of stakeholders involved in discussions on DDR and SSR in peace negotiations including civil society and relevant regional organisations? \\n Do decisions reflect a nationally-driven vision of the role, objective and values for the security forces? \\n Have SSR considerations been introduced into DDR decision-making and vice versa? Do assessments include the concerns of all stakeholders, including national and inter- national partners? \\n Have SSR experts commented on the terms of reference of the assess- ment and participated in the assessment mission? \\n Is monitoring and evaluation carried out systematically and are efforts made to link it with SSR? Is M&E used as an entry-point for linking DDR and SSR concerns in planning?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1515, "Sentence":"Have measures been taken to engage both DDR and SSR experts in the negotiation of peace agreements so that provisions for the two are mutually supportive?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR measure taken engage ddr ssr expert negotiation peace agreement provision two mutually supportive" }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.1. General", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Have measures been taken to engage both DDR and SSR experts in the negotiation of peace agreements so that provisions for the two are mutually supportive? \\n Are a broad range of stakeholders involved in discussions on DDR and SSR in peace negotiations including civil society and relevant regional organisations? \\n Do decisions reflect a nationally-driven vision of the role, objective and values for the security forces? \\n Have SSR considerations been introduced into DDR decision-making and vice versa? Do assessments include the concerns of all stakeholders, including national and inter- national partners? \\n Have SSR experts commented on the terms of reference of the assess- ment and participated in the assessment mission? \\n Is monitoring and evaluation carried out systematically and are efforts made to link it with SSR? Is M&E used as an entry-point for linking DDR and SSR concerns in planning?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1515, "Sentence":"\\n Are a broad range of stakeholders involved in discussions on DDR and SSR in peace negotiations including civil society and relevant regional organisations?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n broad range stakeholder involved discussion ddr ssr peace negotiation including civil society relevant regional organisation" }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.1. General", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Have measures been taken to engage both DDR and SSR experts in the negotiation of peace agreements so that provisions for the two are mutually supportive? \\n Are a broad range of stakeholders involved in discussions on DDR and SSR in peace negotiations including civil society and relevant regional organisations? \\n Do decisions reflect a nationally-driven vision of the role, objective and values for the security forces? \\n Have SSR considerations been introduced into DDR decision-making and vice versa? Do assessments include the concerns of all stakeholders, including national and inter- national partners? \\n Have SSR experts commented on the terms of reference of the assess- ment and participated in the assessment mission? \\n Is monitoring and evaluation carried out systematically and are efforts made to link it with SSR? Is M&E used as an entry-point for linking DDR and SSR concerns in planning?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1515, "Sentence":"\\n Do decisions reflect a nationally-driven vision of the role, objective and values for the security forces?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n decision reflect nationallydriven vision role objective value security force" }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.1. General", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Have measures been taken to engage both DDR and SSR experts in the negotiation of peace agreements so that provisions for the two are mutually supportive? \\n Are a broad range of stakeholders involved in discussions on DDR and SSR in peace negotiations including civil society and relevant regional organisations? \\n Do decisions reflect a nationally-driven vision of the role, objective and values for the security forces? \\n Have SSR considerations been introduced into DDR decision-making and vice versa? Do assessments include the concerns of all stakeholders, including national and inter- national partners? \\n Have SSR experts commented on the terms of reference of the assess- ment and participated in the assessment mission? \\n Is monitoring and evaluation carried out systematically and are efforts made to link it with SSR? Is M&E used as an entry-point for linking DDR and SSR concerns in planning?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1515, "Sentence":"\\n Have SSR considerations been introduced into DDR decision-making and vice versa?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n ssr consideration introduced ddr decisionmaking vice versa" }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.1. General", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Have measures been taken to engage both DDR and SSR experts in the negotiation of peace agreements so that provisions for the two are mutually supportive? \\n Are a broad range of stakeholders involved in discussions on DDR and SSR in peace negotiations including civil society and relevant regional organisations? \\n Do decisions reflect a nationally-driven vision of the role, objective and values for the security forces? \\n Have SSR considerations been introduced into DDR decision-making and vice versa? Do assessments include the concerns of all stakeholders, including national and inter- national partners? \\n Have SSR experts commented on the terms of reference of the assess- ment and participated in the assessment mission? \\n Is monitoring and evaluation carried out systematically and are efforts made to link it with SSR? Is M&E used as an entry-point for linking DDR and SSR concerns in planning?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1515, "Sentence":"Do assessments include the concerns of all stakeholders, including national and inter- national partners?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR assessment include concern stakeholder including national inter national partner" }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.1. General", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Have measures been taken to engage both DDR and SSR experts in the negotiation of peace agreements so that provisions for the two are mutually supportive? \\n Are a broad range of stakeholders involved in discussions on DDR and SSR in peace negotiations including civil society and relevant regional organisations? \\n Do decisions reflect a nationally-driven vision of the role, objective and values for the security forces? \\n Have SSR considerations been introduced into DDR decision-making and vice versa? Do assessments include the concerns of all stakeholders, including national and inter- national partners? \\n Have SSR experts commented on the terms of reference of the assess- ment and participated in the assessment mission? \\n Is monitoring and evaluation carried out systematically and are efforts made to link it with SSR? Is M&E used as an entry-point for linking DDR and SSR concerns in planning?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1515, "Sentence":"\\n Have SSR experts commented on the terms of reference of the assess- ment and participated in the assessment mission?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n ssr expert commented term reference ass ment participated assessment mission" }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.1. General", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Have measures been taken to engage both DDR and SSR experts in the negotiation of peace agreements so that provisions for the two are mutually supportive? \\n Are a broad range of stakeholders involved in discussions on DDR and SSR in peace negotiations including civil society and relevant regional organisations? \\n Do decisions reflect a nationally-driven vision of the role, objective and values for the security forces? \\n Have SSR considerations been introduced into DDR decision-making and vice versa? Do assessments include the concerns of all stakeholders, including national and inter- national partners? \\n Have SSR experts commented on the terms of reference of the assess- ment and participated in the assessment mission? \\n Is monitoring and evaluation carried out systematically and are efforts made to link it with SSR? Is M&E used as an entry-point for linking DDR and SSR concerns in planning?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1515, "Sentence":"\\n Is monitoring and evaluation carried out systematically and are efforts made to link it with SSR?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n monitoring evaluation carried systematically effort made link ssr" }, { "ID":56, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.1. General", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Have measures been taken to engage both DDR and SSR experts in the negotiation of peace agreements so that provisions for the two are mutually supportive? \\n Are a broad range of stakeholders involved in discussions on DDR and SSR in peace negotiations including civil society and relevant regional organisations? \\n Do decisions reflect a nationally-driven vision of the role, objective and values for the security forces? \\n Have SSR considerations been introduced into DDR decision-making and vice versa? Do assessments include the concerns of all stakeholders, including national and inter- national partners? \\n Have SSR experts commented on the terms of reference of the assess- ment and participated in the assessment mission? \\n Is monitoring and evaluation carried out systematically and are efforts made to link it with SSR? Is M&E used as an entry-point for linking DDR and SSR concerns in planning?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1515, "Sentence":"Is M&E used as an entry-point for linking DDR and SSR concerns in planning?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR used entrypoint linking ddr ssr concern planning" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR programming planning n ssr\/ddr dynamic demobilization n potential longterm use demobilization disarmament site fac tored planning ddr" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"\\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n disarmament programme complemented security sector training activity improve national control stock weapon ammunition" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR security sector census considered\/implemented support human financial resource management inform integration decision" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"\\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n clear criterion developed entry excombatants security sector" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR reflect national security priority well capacity security force absorb" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR provision made vetting ensure appropriate skill consid eration past conduct" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"\\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n rank harmonisation policy introduced establish formula con version former armed group national armed force" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR result dialogue considered need affirmative action marginalised group" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"\\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n sustainable distribution excombatants reintegration inte gration programme" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR information disseminated counselling offered excombatants facing voluntary choice integration reintegration" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"\\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n measure taken identify address potential security vacuum place excombatants demobilized information shared rel evant authority" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR security concern related dependent taken account" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"\\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n effort made actively encourage female excombatants enter ddr process" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR offered choice integrate security sector" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR appropriate action taken ensure security institution provide woman fair equal treatment including realistic employment opportunity" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"\\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n communications\/training strategy place" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR include message specifi cally designed facilitate transition combatant security provider including behaviour change hiv risk gbv" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"\\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR nn ssr\/ddr dynamic reintegration n data collected return reintegration excombatants" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR analysed order coordinate relevant ddr ssr activity" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"\\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n capacitybuilding within security sector prioritised way ensure security institution capable supporting ddr objective" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"\\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n excombatants sensitised availability housing land property dispute mechanism" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"\\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n case private security body source employment excombatants effort actively made ensure regulation appropriate vetting mech anisms place" }, { "ID":57, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.2. Programming and planning", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Programming and planning \\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during demobilization \\n Has the potential long-term use of demobilization and disarmament sites been fac- tored into planning for DDR? \\n Have disarmament programmes been complemented by security sector training and other activities to improve national control over stocks of weapons and ammunition? Has a security sector census been considered\/implemented to support human and financial resource management and inform integration decisions? \\n Have clear criteria been developed for entry of ex-combatants into the security sector? Does this reflect national security priorities as well as the capacity of the security forces to absorb them? Is provision made for vetting to ensure appropriate skills and consid- eration of past conduct? \\n Have rank harmonisation policies been introduced which establish a formula for con- version from former armed groups to national armed forces? Was this the result of a dialogue which considered the need for affirmative action for marginalised groups? \\n Is there a sustainable distribution of ex-combatants between the reintegration and inte- gration programmes? Has information been disseminated and counselling been offered to ex-combatants facing a voluntary choice between integration and reintegration? \\n Have measures been taken to identify and address potential security vacuums in places where ex-combatants are demobilized, and has this information been shared with rel- evant authorities? Are security concerns related to dependents taken into account? \\n Have efforts been made to actively encourage female ex-combatants to enter the DDR process? Have they been offered the choice to integrate into the security sector? Has appropriate action been taken to ensure that the security institutions provide women with fair and equal treatment, including realistic employment opportunities? \\n Is there a communications\/training strategy in place? Does it include messages specifi- cally designed to facilitate the transition from combatant to security provider including behaviour change, HIV risks and GBV? \\n\\n SSR\/DDR dynamics before and during reintegration \\n Is data collected on the return and reintegration of ex-combatants? Is this analysed in order to coordinate relevant DDR and SSR activities? \\n Has capacity-building within the security sector been prioritised in a way to ensure that security institutions are capable of supporting DDR objectives? \\n Have ex-combatants been sensitised to the availability of housing, land and property dispute mechanisms? \\n In cases where private security bodies are a source of employment for ex-combatants, are efforts actively made to ensure their regulation and that appropriate vetting mech- anisms are in place? \\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1516, "Sentence":"\\n Have border management services been sensitised and trained on issues relating to cross-border flows of ex-combatants?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n border management service sensitised trained issue relating crossborder flow excombatants" }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.3. Communication and coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Communication and coordination Coordination \\n Have opportunities been taken to engage with national security sector management and oversight bodies on how they can support the DDR process? \\n Is there a mechanism that supports national dialogue and coordination across DDR and SSR? If not, could the national commission on DDR fulfil this role by inviting representatives of other ministries to selected meetings? \\n Are the specific objectives of DDR and SSR clearly set out and understood (e.g. in a \u2018letter of commitment\u2019)? Is this understanding shared by national actors and interna- tional partners as the basis for a mutually supportive approach? \\n\\n Knowledge management \\n When developing information management systems, are efforts made to also collect data that will be useful for SSR? Is there a mechanism in place to share this data? \\n Is there provision for up to date conflict and security analysis as a common basis for DDR\/SSR decision-making? \\n Have efforts been made to share information with border management authorities on high risk areas for foreign combatants transiting borders? \\n Has regular information sharing taken place with relevant security sector institutions as a basis for planning to ensure appropriate support to DDR objectives? \\n Are adequate mechanisms in place to ensure institutional memory and avoid over reliance on key individuals? Are assessment reports and other key documents retained and easily accessible in order to support lessons learned processes for DDR\/SSR?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1517, "Sentence":"Communication and coordination Coordination \\n Have opportunities been taken to engage with national security sector management and oversight bodies on how they can support the DDR process?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR communication coordination coordination n opportunity taken engage national security sector management oversight body support ddr process" }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.3. Communication and coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Communication and coordination Coordination \\n Have opportunities been taken to engage with national security sector management and oversight bodies on how they can support the DDR process? \\n Is there a mechanism that supports national dialogue and coordination across DDR and SSR? If not, could the national commission on DDR fulfil this role by inviting representatives of other ministries to selected meetings? \\n Are the specific objectives of DDR and SSR clearly set out and understood (e.g. in a \u2018letter of commitment\u2019)? Is this understanding shared by national actors and interna- tional partners as the basis for a mutually supportive approach? \\n\\n Knowledge management \\n When developing information management systems, are efforts made to also collect data that will be useful for SSR? Is there a mechanism in place to share this data? \\n Is there provision for up to date conflict and security analysis as a common basis for DDR\/SSR decision-making? \\n Have efforts been made to share information with border management authorities on high risk areas for foreign combatants transiting borders? \\n Has regular information sharing taken place with relevant security sector institutions as a basis for planning to ensure appropriate support to DDR objectives? \\n Are adequate mechanisms in place to ensure institutional memory and avoid over reliance on key individuals? Are assessment reports and other key documents retained and easily accessible in order to support lessons learned processes for DDR\/SSR?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1517, "Sentence":"\\n Is there a mechanism that supports national dialogue and coordination across DDR and SSR?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n mechanism support national dialogue coordination across ddr ssr" }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.3. Communication and coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Communication and coordination Coordination \\n Have opportunities been taken to engage with national security sector management and oversight bodies on how they can support the DDR process? \\n Is there a mechanism that supports national dialogue and coordination across DDR and SSR? If not, could the national commission on DDR fulfil this role by inviting representatives of other ministries to selected meetings? \\n Are the specific objectives of DDR and SSR clearly set out and understood (e.g. in a \u2018letter of commitment\u2019)? Is this understanding shared by national actors and interna- tional partners as the basis for a mutually supportive approach? \\n\\n Knowledge management \\n When developing information management systems, are efforts made to also collect data that will be useful for SSR? Is there a mechanism in place to share this data? \\n Is there provision for up to date conflict and security analysis as a common basis for DDR\/SSR decision-making? \\n Have efforts been made to share information with border management authorities on high risk areas for foreign combatants transiting borders? \\n Has regular information sharing taken place with relevant security sector institutions as a basis for planning to ensure appropriate support to DDR objectives? \\n Are adequate mechanisms in place to ensure institutional memory and avoid over reliance on key individuals? Are assessment reports and other key documents retained and easily accessible in order to support lessons learned processes for DDR\/SSR?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1517, "Sentence":"If not, could the national commission on DDR fulfil this role by inviting representatives of other ministries to selected meetings?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR could national commission ddr fulfil role inviting representative ministry selected meeting" }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.3. Communication and coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Communication and coordination Coordination \\n Have opportunities been taken to engage with national security sector management and oversight bodies on how they can support the DDR process? \\n Is there a mechanism that supports national dialogue and coordination across DDR and SSR? If not, could the national commission on DDR fulfil this role by inviting representatives of other ministries to selected meetings? \\n Are the specific objectives of DDR and SSR clearly set out and understood (e.g. in a \u2018letter of commitment\u2019)? Is this understanding shared by national actors and interna- tional partners as the basis for a mutually supportive approach? \\n\\n Knowledge management \\n When developing information management systems, are efforts made to also collect data that will be useful for SSR? Is there a mechanism in place to share this data? \\n Is there provision for up to date conflict and security analysis as a common basis for DDR\/SSR decision-making? \\n Have efforts been made to share information with border management authorities on high risk areas for foreign combatants transiting borders? \\n Has regular information sharing taken place with relevant security sector institutions as a basis for planning to ensure appropriate support to DDR objectives? \\n Are adequate mechanisms in place to ensure institutional memory and avoid over reliance on key individuals? Are assessment reports and other key documents retained and easily accessible in order to support lessons learned processes for DDR\/SSR?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1517, "Sentence":"\\n Are the specific objectives of DDR and SSR clearly set out and understood (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n specific objective ddr ssr clearly set understood e.g ." }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.3. Communication and coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Communication and coordination Coordination \\n Have opportunities been taken to engage with national security sector management and oversight bodies on how they can support the DDR process? \\n Is there a mechanism that supports national dialogue and coordination across DDR and SSR? If not, could the national commission on DDR fulfil this role by inviting representatives of other ministries to selected meetings? \\n Are the specific objectives of DDR and SSR clearly set out and understood (e.g. in a \u2018letter of commitment\u2019)? Is this understanding shared by national actors and interna- tional partners as the basis for a mutually supportive approach? \\n\\n Knowledge management \\n When developing information management systems, are efforts made to also collect data that will be useful for SSR? Is there a mechanism in place to share this data? \\n Is there provision for up to date conflict and security analysis as a common basis for DDR\/SSR decision-making? \\n Have efforts been made to share information with border management authorities on high risk areas for foreign combatants transiting borders? \\n Has regular information sharing taken place with relevant security sector institutions as a basis for planning to ensure appropriate support to DDR objectives? \\n Are adequate mechanisms in place to ensure institutional memory and avoid over reliance on key individuals? Are assessment reports and other key documents retained and easily accessible in order to support lessons learned processes for DDR\/SSR?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1517, "Sentence":"in a \u2018letter of commitment\u2019)?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR \u2018 letter commitment \u2019" }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.3. Communication and coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Communication and coordination Coordination \\n Have opportunities been taken to engage with national security sector management and oversight bodies on how they can support the DDR process? \\n Is there a mechanism that supports national dialogue and coordination across DDR and SSR? If not, could the national commission on DDR fulfil this role by inviting representatives of other ministries to selected meetings? \\n Are the specific objectives of DDR and SSR clearly set out and understood (e.g. in a \u2018letter of commitment\u2019)? Is this understanding shared by national actors and interna- tional partners as the basis for a mutually supportive approach? \\n\\n Knowledge management \\n When developing information management systems, are efforts made to also collect data that will be useful for SSR? Is there a mechanism in place to share this data? \\n Is there provision for up to date conflict and security analysis as a common basis for DDR\/SSR decision-making? \\n Have efforts been made to share information with border management authorities on high risk areas for foreign combatants transiting borders? \\n Has regular information sharing taken place with relevant security sector institutions as a basis for planning to ensure appropriate support to DDR objectives? \\n Are adequate mechanisms in place to ensure institutional memory and avoid over reliance on key individuals? Are assessment reports and other key documents retained and easily accessible in order to support lessons learned processes for DDR\/SSR?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1517, "Sentence":"Is this understanding shared by national actors and interna- tional partners as the basis for a mutually supportive approach?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR understanding shared national actor interna tional partner basis mutually supportive approach" }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.3. Communication and coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Communication and coordination Coordination \\n Have opportunities been taken to engage with national security sector management and oversight bodies on how they can support the DDR process? \\n Is there a mechanism that supports national dialogue and coordination across DDR and SSR? If not, could the national commission on DDR fulfil this role by inviting representatives of other ministries to selected meetings? \\n Are the specific objectives of DDR and SSR clearly set out and understood (e.g. in a \u2018letter of commitment\u2019)? Is this understanding shared by national actors and interna- tional partners as the basis for a mutually supportive approach? \\n\\n Knowledge management \\n When developing information management systems, are efforts made to also collect data that will be useful for SSR? Is there a mechanism in place to share this data? \\n Is there provision for up to date conflict and security analysis as a common basis for DDR\/SSR decision-making? \\n Have efforts been made to share information with border management authorities on high risk areas for foreign combatants transiting borders? \\n Has regular information sharing taken place with relevant security sector institutions as a basis for planning to ensure appropriate support to DDR objectives? \\n Are adequate mechanisms in place to ensure institutional memory and avoid over reliance on key individuals? Are assessment reports and other key documents retained and easily accessible in order to support lessons learned processes for DDR\/SSR?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1517, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Knowledge management \\n When developing information management systems, are efforts made to also collect data that will be useful for SSR?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR nn knowledge management n developing information management system effort made also collect data useful ssr" }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.3. Communication and coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Communication and coordination Coordination \\n Have opportunities been taken to engage with national security sector management and oversight bodies on how they can support the DDR process? \\n Is there a mechanism that supports national dialogue and coordination across DDR and SSR? If not, could the national commission on DDR fulfil this role by inviting representatives of other ministries to selected meetings? \\n Are the specific objectives of DDR and SSR clearly set out and understood (e.g. in a \u2018letter of commitment\u2019)? Is this understanding shared by national actors and interna- tional partners as the basis for a mutually supportive approach? \\n\\n Knowledge management \\n When developing information management systems, are efforts made to also collect data that will be useful for SSR? Is there a mechanism in place to share this data? \\n Is there provision for up to date conflict and security analysis as a common basis for DDR\/SSR decision-making? \\n Have efforts been made to share information with border management authorities on high risk areas for foreign combatants transiting borders? \\n Has regular information sharing taken place with relevant security sector institutions as a basis for planning to ensure appropriate support to DDR objectives? \\n Are adequate mechanisms in place to ensure institutional memory and avoid over reliance on key individuals? Are assessment reports and other key documents retained and easily accessible in order to support lessons learned processes for DDR\/SSR?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1517, "Sentence":"Is there a mechanism in place to share this data?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR mechanism place share data" }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.3. Communication and coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Communication and coordination Coordination \\n Have opportunities been taken to engage with national security sector management and oversight bodies on how they can support the DDR process? \\n Is there a mechanism that supports national dialogue and coordination across DDR and SSR? If not, could the national commission on DDR fulfil this role by inviting representatives of other ministries to selected meetings? \\n Are the specific objectives of DDR and SSR clearly set out and understood (e.g. in a \u2018letter of commitment\u2019)? Is this understanding shared by national actors and interna- tional partners as the basis for a mutually supportive approach? \\n\\n Knowledge management \\n When developing information management systems, are efforts made to also collect data that will be useful for SSR? Is there a mechanism in place to share this data? \\n Is there provision for up to date conflict and security analysis as a common basis for DDR\/SSR decision-making? \\n Have efforts been made to share information with border management authorities on high risk areas for foreign combatants transiting borders? \\n Has regular information sharing taken place with relevant security sector institutions as a basis for planning to ensure appropriate support to DDR objectives? \\n Are adequate mechanisms in place to ensure institutional memory and avoid over reliance on key individuals? Are assessment reports and other key documents retained and easily accessible in order to support lessons learned processes for DDR\/SSR?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1517, "Sentence":"\\n Is there provision for up to date conflict and security analysis as a common basis for DDR\/SSR decision-making?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n provision date conflict security analysis common basis ddr\/ssr decisionmaking" }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.3. Communication and coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Communication and coordination Coordination \\n Have opportunities been taken to engage with national security sector management and oversight bodies on how they can support the DDR process? \\n Is there a mechanism that supports national dialogue and coordination across DDR and SSR? If not, could the national commission on DDR fulfil this role by inviting representatives of other ministries to selected meetings? \\n Are the specific objectives of DDR and SSR clearly set out and understood (e.g. in a \u2018letter of commitment\u2019)? Is this understanding shared by national actors and interna- tional partners as the basis for a mutually supportive approach? \\n\\n Knowledge management \\n When developing information management systems, are efforts made to also collect data that will be useful for SSR? Is there a mechanism in place to share this data? \\n Is there provision for up to date conflict and security analysis as a common basis for DDR\/SSR decision-making? \\n Have efforts been made to share information with border management authorities on high risk areas for foreign combatants transiting borders? \\n Has regular information sharing taken place with relevant security sector institutions as a basis for planning to ensure appropriate support to DDR objectives? \\n Are adequate mechanisms in place to ensure institutional memory and avoid over reliance on key individuals? Are assessment reports and other key documents retained and easily accessible in order to support lessons learned processes for DDR\/SSR?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1517, "Sentence":"\\n Have efforts been made to share information with border management authorities on high risk areas for foreign combatants transiting borders?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n effort made share information border management authority high risk area foreign combatant transiting border" }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.3. Communication and coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Communication and coordination Coordination \\n Have opportunities been taken to engage with national security sector management and oversight bodies on how they can support the DDR process? \\n Is there a mechanism that supports national dialogue and coordination across DDR and SSR? If not, could the national commission on DDR fulfil this role by inviting representatives of other ministries to selected meetings? \\n Are the specific objectives of DDR and SSR clearly set out and understood (e.g. in a \u2018letter of commitment\u2019)? Is this understanding shared by national actors and interna- tional partners as the basis for a mutually supportive approach? \\n\\n Knowledge management \\n When developing information management systems, are efforts made to also collect data that will be useful for SSR? Is there a mechanism in place to share this data? \\n Is there provision for up to date conflict and security analysis as a common basis for DDR\/SSR decision-making? \\n Have efforts been made to share information with border management authorities on high risk areas for foreign combatants transiting borders? \\n Has regular information sharing taken place with relevant security sector institutions as a basis for planning to ensure appropriate support to DDR objectives? \\n Are adequate mechanisms in place to ensure institutional memory and avoid over reliance on key individuals? Are assessment reports and other key documents retained and easily accessible in order to support lessons learned processes for DDR\/SSR?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1517, "Sentence":"\\n Has regular information sharing taken place with relevant security sector institutions as a basis for planning to ensure appropriate support to DDR objectives?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n regular information sharing taken place relevant security sector institution basis planning ensure appropriate support ddr objective" }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.3. Communication and coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Communication and coordination Coordination \\n Have opportunities been taken to engage with national security sector management and oversight bodies on how they can support the DDR process? \\n Is there a mechanism that supports national dialogue and coordination across DDR and SSR? If not, could the national commission on DDR fulfil this role by inviting representatives of other ministries to selected meetings? \\n Are the specific objectives of DDR and SSR clearly set out and understood (e.g. in a \u2018letter of commitment\u2019)? Is this understanding shared by national actors and interna- tional partners as the basis for a mutually supportive approach? \\n\\n Knowledge management \\n When developing information management systems, are efforts made to also collect data that will be useful for SSR? Is there a mechanism in place to share this data? \\n Is there provision for up to date conflict and security analysis as a common basis for DDR\/SSR decision-making? \\n Have efforts been made to share information with border management authorities on high risk areas for foreign combatants transiting borders? \\n Has regular information sharing taken place with relevant security sector institutions as a basis for planning to ensure appropriate support to DDR objectives? \\n Are adequate mechanisms in place to ensure institutional memory and avoid over reliance on key individuals? Are assessment reports and other key documents retained and easily accessible in order to support lessons learned processes for DDR\/SSR?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1517, "Sentence":"\\n Are adequate mechanisms in place to ensure institutional memory and avoid over reliance on key individuals?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n adequate mechanism place ensure institutional memory avoid reliance key individual" }, { "ID":58, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.3. Communication and coordination", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Communication and coordination Coordination \\n Have opportunities been taken to engage with national security sector management and oversight bodies on how they can support the DDR process? \\n Is there a mechanism that supports national dialogue and coordination across DDR and SSR? If not, could the national commission on DDR fulfil this role by inviting representatives of other ministries to selected meetings? \\n Are the specific objectives of DDR and SSR clearly set out and understood (e.g. in a \u2018letter of commitment\u2019)? Is this understanding shared by national actors and interna- tional partners as the basis for a mutually supportive approach? \\n\\n Knowledge management \\n When developing information management systems, are efforts made to also collect data that will be useful for SSR? Is there a mechanism in place to share this data? \\n Is there provision for up to date conflict and security analysis as a common basis for DDR\/SSR decision-making? \\n Have efforts been made to share information with border management authorities on high risk areas for foreign combatants transiting borders? \\n Has regular information sharing taken place with relevant security sector institutions as a basis for planning to ensure appropriate support to DDR objectives? \\n Are adequate mechanisms in place to ensure institutional memory and avoid over reliance on key individuals? Are assessment reports and other key documents retained and easily accessible in order to support lessons learned processes for DDR\/SSR?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1517, "Sentence":"Are assessment reports and other key documents retained and easily accessible in order to support lessons learned processes for DDR\/SSR?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR assessment report key document retained easily accessible order support lesson learned process ddr\/ssr" }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.4. Funding", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Funding \\n Does resource planning seek to identify gaps, increase coherence and mitigate compe- tition between DDR and SSR? \\n Have the financial resource implications of DDR for the security sector been considered, and vice versa? \\n Are DDR and SSR programmes realistic and compatible with national budgets?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1518, "Sentence":"Funding \\n Does resource planning seek to identify gaps, increase coherence and mitigate compe- tition between DDR and SSR?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR funding n resource planning seek identify gap increase coherence mitigate compe tition ddr ssr" }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.4. Funding", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Funding \\n Does resource planning seek to identify gaps, increase coherence and mitigate compe- tition between DDR and SSR? \\n Have the financial resource implications of DDR for the security sector been considered, and vice versa? \\n Are DDR and SSR programmes realistic and compatible with national budgets?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1518, "Sentence":"\\n Have the financial resource implications of DDR for the security sector been considered, and vice versa?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n financial resource implication ddr security sector considered vice versa" }, { "ID":59, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.4. Funding", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Funding \\n Does resource planning seek to identify gaps, increase coherence and mitigate compe- tition between DDR and SSR? \\n Have the financial resource implications of DDR for the security sector been considered, and vice versa? \\n Are DDR and SSR programmes realistic and compatible with national budgets?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1518, "Sentence":"\\n Are DDR and SSR programmes realistic and compatible with national budgets?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n ddr ssr programme realistic compatible national budget" }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.5. Capacity development, pooling resources and training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Capacity development, pooling resources and training H\\n ave efforts been made to sensitise staff on the DDR\/SSR nexus through training or other activities? \\n Has the need for personnel to link DDR and SSR concerns been clearly agreed at Head- quarters and included in the ToRs of relevant personnel? \\n Has cross-participation in DDR or SSR training been implemented to foster knowledge transfer and build relationships? \\n Have key skills sets been identified and provision made for the availability of a multi- disciplinary resource pool? Are linguistic and \u2018knowledge transfer\u2019 skills adequately represented in order to support national capacity development? \\n In the area of national capacity-building, has the development of cross-cutting skills such as human resources and financial management (common requirements for both DDR and SSR) been encouraged? \\n Has pooling financial and physical resources for DDR and SSR been considered, for example, in the area of community security initiatives or SALW initiatives? \\n Are UN personnel aware of available SSR Resources, including through the UN Inter- Agency SSR Task Force (e.g. policy guidance, resources, gap analysis, backstopping)?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1519, "Sentence":"Capacity development, pooling resources and training H\\n ave efforts been made to sensitise staff on the DDR\/SSR nexus through training or other activities?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR capacity development pooling resource training hn ave effort made sensitise staff ddr\/ssr nexus training activity" }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.5. Capacity development, pooling resources and training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Capacity development, pooling resources and training H\\n ave efforts been made to sensitise staff on the DDR\/SSR nexus through training or other activities? \\n Has the need for personnel to link DDR and SSR concerns been clearly agreed at Head- quarters and included in the ToRs of relevant personnel? \\n Has cross-participation in DDR or SSR training been implemented to foster knowledge transfer and build relationships? \\n Have key skills sets been identified and provision made for the availability of a multi- disciplinary resource pool? Are linguistic and \u2018knowledge transfer\u2019 skills adequately represented in order to support national capacity development? \\n In the area of national capacity-building, has the development of cross-cutting skills such as human resources and financial management (common requirements for both DDR and SSR) been encouraged? \\n Has pooling financial and physical resources for DDR and SSR been considered, for example, in the area of community security initiatives or SALW initiatives? \\n Are UN personnel aware of available SSR Resources, including through the UN Inter- Agency SSR Task Force (e.g. policy guidance, resources, gap analysis, backstopping)?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1519, "Sentence":"\\n Has the need for personnel to link DDR and SSR concerns been clearly agreed at Head- quarters and included in the ToRs of relevant personnel?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n need personnel link ddr ssr concern clearly agreed head quarter included tor relevant personnel" }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.5. Capacity development, pooling resources and training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Capacity development, pooling resources and training H\\n ave efforts been made to sensitise staff on the DDR\/SSR nexus through training or other activities? \\n Has the need for personnel to link DDR and SSR concerns been clearly agreed at Head- quarters and included in the ToRs of relevant personnel? \\n Has cross-participation in DDR or SSR training been implemented to foster knowledge transfer and build relationships? \\n Have key skills sets been identified and provision made for the availability of a multi- disciplinary resource pool? Are linguistic and \u2018knowledge transfer\u2019 skills adequately represented in order to support national capacity development? \\n In the area of national capacity-building, has the development of cross-cutting skills such as human resources and financial management (common requirements for both DDR and SSR) been encouraged? \\n Has pooling financial and physical resources for DDR and SSR been considered, for example, in the area of community security initiatives or SALW initiatives? \\n Are UN personnel aware of available SSR Resources, including through the UN Inter- Agency SSR Task Force (e.g. policy guidance, resources, gap analysis, backstopping)?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1519, "Sentence":"\\n Has cross-participation in DDR or SSR training been implemented to foster knowledge transfer and build relationships?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n crossparticipation ddr ssr training implemented foster knowledge transfer build relationship" }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.5. Capacity development, pooling resources and training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Capacity development, pooling resources and training H\\n ave efforts been made to sensitise staff on the DDR\/SSR nexus through training or other activities? \\n Has the need for personnel to link DDR and SSR concerns been clearly agreed at Head- quarters and included in the ToRs of relevant personnel? \\n Has cross-participation in DDR or SSR training been implemented to foster knowledge transfer and build relationships? \\n Have key skills sets been identified and provision made for the availability of a multi- disciplinary resource pool? Are linguistic and \u2018knowledge transfer\u2019 skills adequately represented in order to support national capacity development? \\n In the area of national capacity-building, has the development of cross-cutting skills such as human resources and financial management (common requirements for both DDR and SSR) been encouraged? \\n Has pooling financial and physical resources for DDR and SSR been considered, for example, in the area of community security initiatives or SALW initiatives? \\n Are UN personnel aware of available SSR Resources, including through the UN Inter- Agency SSR Task Force (e.g. policy guidance, resources, gap analysis, backstopping)?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1519, "Sentence":"\\n Have key skills sets been identified and provision made for the availability of a multi- disciplinary resource pool?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n key skill set identified provision made availability multi disciplinary resource pool" }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.5. Capacity development, pooling resources and training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Capacity development, pooling resources and training H\\n ave efforts been made to sensitise staff on the DDR\/SSR nexus through training or other activities? \\n Has the need for personnel to link DDR and SSR concerns been clearly agreed at Head- quarters and included in the ToRs of relevant personnel? \\n Has cross-participation in DDR or SSR training been implemented to foster knowledge transfer and build relationships? \\n Have key skills sets been identified and provision made for the availability of a multi- disciplinary resource pool? Are linguistic and \u2018knowledge transfer\u2019 skills adequately represented in order to support national capacity development? \\n In the area of national capacity-building, has the development of cross-cutting skills such as human resources and financial management (common requirements for both DDR and SSR) been encouraged? \\n Has pooling financial and physical resources for DDR and SSR been considered, for example, in the area of community security initiatives or SALW initiatives? \\n Are UN personnel aware of available SSR Resources, including through the UN Inter- Agency SSR Task Force (e.g. policy guidance, resources, gap analysis, backstopping)?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1519, "Sentence":"Are linguistic and \u2018knowledge transfer\u2019 skills adequately represented in order to support national capacity development?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR linguistic \u2018 knowledge transfer \u2019 skill adequately represented order support national capacity development" }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.5. Capacity development, pooling resources and training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Capacity development, pooling resources and training H\\n ave efforts been made to sensitise staff on the DDR\/SSR nexus through training or other activities? \\n Has the need for personnel to link DDR and SSR concerns been clearly agreed at Head- quarters and included in the ToRs of relevant personnel? \\n Has cross-participation in DDR or SSR training been implemented to foster knowledge transfer and build relationships? \\n Have key skills sets been identified and provision made for the availability of a multi- disciplinary resource pool? Are linguistic and \u2018knowledge transfer\u2019 skills adequately represented in order to support national capacity development? \\n In the area of national capacity-building, has the development of cross-cutting skills such as human resources and financial management (common requirements for both DDR and SSR) been encouraged? \\n Has pooling financial and physical resources for DDR and SSR been considered, for example, in the area of community security initiatives or SALW initiatives? \\n Are UN personnel aware of available SSR Resources, including through the UN Inter- Agency SSR Task Force (e.g. policy guidance, resources, gap analysis, backstopping)?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1519, "Sentence":"\\n In the area of national capacity-building, has the development of cross-cutting skills such as human resources and financial management (common requirements for both DDR and SSR) been encouraged?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n area national capacitybuilding development crosscutting skill human resource financial management common requirement ddr ssr encouraged" }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.5. Capacity development, pooling resources and training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Capacity development, pooling resources and training H\\n ave efforts been made to sensitise staff on the DDR\/SSR nexus through training or other activities? \\n Has the need for personnel to link DDR and SSR concerns been clearly agreed at Head- quarters and included in the ToRs of relevant personnel? \\n Has cross-participation in DDR or SSR training been implemented to foster knowledge transfer and build relationships? \\n Have key skills sets been identified and provision made for the availability of a multi- disciplinary resource pool? Are linguistic and \u2018knowledge transfer\u2019 skills adequately represented in order to support national capacity development? \\n In the area of national capacity-building, has the development of cross-cutting skills such as human resources and financial management (common requirements for both DDR and SSR) been encouraged? \\n Has pooling financial and physical resources for DDR and SSR been considered, for example, in the area of community security initiatives or SALW initiatives? \\n Are UN personnel aware of available SSR Resources, including through the UN Inter- Agency SSR Task Force (e.g. policy guidance, resources, gap analysis, backstopping)?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1519, "Sentence":"\\n Has pooling financial and physical resources for DDR and SSR been considered, for example, in the area of community security initiatives or SALW initiatives?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n pooling financial physical resource ddr ssr considered example area community security initiative salw initiative" }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.5. Capacity development, pooling resources and training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Capacity development, pooling resources and training H\\n ave efforts been made to sensitise staff on the DDR\/SSR nexus through training or other activities? \\n Has the need for personnel to link DDR and SSR concerns been clearly agreed at Head- quarters and included in the ToRs of relevant personnel? \\n Has cross-participation in DDR or SSR training been implemented to foster knowledge transfer and build relationships? \\n Have key skills sets been identified and provision made for the availability of a multi- disciplinary resource pool? Are linguistic and \u2018knowledge transfer\u2019 skills adequately represented in order to support national capacity development? \\n In the area of national capacity-building, has the development of cross-cutting skills such as human resources and financial management (common requirements for both DDR and SSR) been encouraged? \\n Has pooling financial and physical resources for DDR and SSR been considered, for example, in the area of community security initiatives or SALW initiatives? \\n Are UN personnel aware of available SSR Resources, including through the UN Inter- Agency SSR Task Force (e.g. policy guidance, resources, gap analysis, backstopping)?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1519, "Sentence":"\\n Are UN personnel aware of available SSR Resources, including through the UN Inter- Agency SSR Task Force (e.g.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n un personnel aware available ssr resource including un inter agency ssr task force e.g ." }, { "ID":60, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"11. Planning and design checklist", "Heading2":"11.5. Capacity development, pooling resources and training", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Capacity development, pooling resources and training H\\n ave efforts been made to sensitise staff on the DDR\/SSR nexus through training or other activities? \\n Has the need for personnel to link DDR and SSR concerns been clearly agreed at Head- quarters and included in the ToRs of relevant personnel? \\n Has cross-participation in DDR or SSR training been implemented to foster knowledge transfer and build relationships? \\n Have key skills sets been identified and provision made for the availability of a multi- disciplinary resource pool? Are linguistic and \u2018knowledge transfer\u2019 skills adequately represented in order to support national capacity development? \\n In the area of national capacity-building, has the development of cross-cutting skills such as human resources and financial management (common requirements for both DDR and SSR) been encouraged? \\n Has pooling financial and physical resources for DDR and SSR been considered, for example, in the area of community security initiatives or SALW initiatives? \\n Are UN personnel aware of available SSR Resources, including through the UN Inter- Agency SSR Task Force (e.g. policy guidance, resources, gap analysis, backstopping)?", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1519, "Sentence":"policy guidance, resources, gap analysis, backstopping)?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR policy guidance resource gap analysis backstopping" }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Key UN documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies\u201d (2004) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s Report \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d defines the rule of law as \u201ca principle of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities, public and private, including the State itself, are account- able to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international human rights norms and standards\u201d.18 DDR is identified as one key element of \u201ctransitioning out of conflict and back to normalcy.\u201d Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d (2006) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s report on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d dis- cusses the increased engagement of the United Nations in DDR from 2000-2005 in peace- keeping and non-peacekeeping contexts. Some important \u201clessons learned\u201d from this work include: 1) DDR cannot be implemented without coordinating with the wider peacebuild- ing and recovery process; 2) DDR work should continue beyond the life of a traditional peacekeeping operation thus national capacities must be developed to ensure sustainability; 3) a fragmented approach to DDR is counterproductive; and 4) DDR \u201cmust also be planned in close coordination with transitional processes to review and reform the rule of law and security sectors, as well as efforts to control and reduce small arms proliferation.\u201d19Presidential Statement on \u201cMaintenance of international peace and security: role of the Security Council in supporting security sector reform\u201d (21 February 2007) \\n The Presidential Statement of 21 February 2007 emphasises that \u201creforming the security sector in post-conflict environments is critical to the consolidation of peace and stability, promoting poverty reduction, rule of law and good governance, extending legitimate state authority, and preventing countries from relapsing into conflict.\u201d20 The importance of a \u201cprofessional\u201d and \u201caccountable\u201d security sector as well as an \u201cimpartial\u201d justice sector are critical to sustainable peace and development. The fundamental role of the United Nations in \u201cpromoting comprehensive, coherent, and co-ordinated international support to nationally- owned security sector reform programmes, implemented with the consent of the country concerned\u201d is stressed, as is the need for a balanced approach to SSR that considers institu- tional capacity, affordability and sustainability of SSR programmes. Inter-linkages between SSR and \u201ctransitional justice, disarmament, demobilization and repatriation, reintegration and rehabilitation of former combatants, small arms and light weapons control, as well as gender equality, children and armed conflict and human rights issues\u201d are emphasised.21Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform\u201d (2008) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s report \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform\u201d, notes that \u201cthe development of effective and accountable security institutions on the basis of non-discrimination, full respect for human rights and the rule of law is essential\u201d.22 As part of a holistic strategy, the United Nations can play a normative as well as operational role in SSR. Normatively, the United Nations can \u201c[elaborate] policies and guidelines for the implementation of security sector reform plans and programmes and ensure that peacekeeping operations and United Nations country teams engaged in reform receive practical guidance and assistance in the estab- lishment of benchmarks and other evaluation processes\u201d.23 Operationally, the United Nations can: 1) provide a minimum level of security from which to launch SSR activities; 2) support needs assessments and strategic planning efforts; 3) facilitate dialogue among the many actors and stakeholders involved in a country\u2019s SSR process; 4) provide technical advice on defence and law enforcement institutions, border management, crime prevention and customs, among others; 5) coordinate and mobilize resources; 6) support the development of oversight mechanisms; and 7) support monitoring, evaluation and review efforts.24Presidential Statement on \u201cMaintenance of international peace and security: role of the Security Council in supporting security sector reform\u201d (12 May 2008) \\n The Presidential Statement of 12 May 2008 on supporting security sector reform highlights that SSR is a long-term process and that \u201cit is the sovereign right and primary responsibil- ity of the country concerned to determine its national approach and priorities for security sector reform\u201d.25 The statement also reiterates that a holistic and coherent UN approach is needed and underlines the important role the Peacebuilding Commission \u201ccan play in ensuring continuous international support to countries emerging from conflict.\u201d26", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1520, "Sentence":"Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies\u201d (2004) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s Report \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d defines the rule of law as \u201ca principle of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities, public and private, including the State itself, are account- able to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international human rights norms and standards\u201d.18 DDR is identified as one key element of \u201ctransitioning out of conflict and back to normalcy.\u201d Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d (2006) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s report on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d dis- cusses the increased engagement of the United Nations in DDR from 2000-2005 in peace- keeping and non-peacekeeping contexts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR report secretarygeneral \u201c rule law transitional justice conflict postconflict society \u201d 2004 n secretarygeneral \u2019 report \u201c rule law transitional justice conflict postconflict society \u201d defines rule law \u201c principle governance person institution entity public private including state account able law publicly promulgated equally enforced independently adjudicated consistent international human right norm standard \u201d .18 ddr identified one key element \u201c transitioning conflict back normalcy. \u201d report secretarygeneral \u201c disarmament demobilization reintegration \u201d 2006 n secretarygeneral \u2019 report \u201c disarmament demobilization reintegration \u201d dis cuss increased engagement united nation ddr 20002005 peace keeping nonpeacekeeping context ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Key UN documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies\u201d (2004) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s Report \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d defines the rule of law as \u201ca principle of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities, public and private, including the State itself, are account- able to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international human rights norms and standards\u201d.18 DDR is identified as one key element of \u201ctransitioning out of conflict and back to normalcy.\u201d Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d (2006) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s report on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d dis- cusses the increased engagement of the United Nations in DDR from 2000-2005 in peace- keeping and non-peacekeeping contexts. Some important \u201clessons learned\u201d from this work include: 1) DDR cannot be implemented without coordinating with the wider peacebuild- ing and recovery process; 2) DDR work should continue beyond the life of a traditional peacekeeping operation thus national capacities must be developed to ensure sustainability; 3) a fragmented approach to DDR is counterproductive; and 4) DDR \u201cmust also be planned in close coordination with transitional processes to review and reform the rule of law and security sectors, as well as efforts to control and reduce small arms proliferation.\u201d19Presidential Statement on \u201cMaintenance of international peace and security: role of the Security Council in supporting security sector reform\u201d (21 February 2007) \\n The Presidential Statement of 21 February 2007 emphasises that \u201creforming the security sector in post-conflict environments is critical to the consolidation of peace and stability, promoting poverty reduction, rule of law and good governance, extending legitimate state authority, and preventing countries from relapsing into conflict.\u201d20 The importance of a \u201cprofessional\u201d and \u201caccountable\u201d security sector as well as an \u201cimpartial\u201d justice sector are critical to sustainable peace and development. The fundamental role of the United Nations in \u201cpromoting comprehensive, coherent, and co-ordinated international support to nationally- owned security sector reform programmes, implemented with the consent of the country concerned\u201d is stressed, as is the need for a balanced approach to SSR that considers institu- tional capacity, affordability and sustainability of SSR programmes. Inter-linkages between SSR and \u201ctransitional justice, disarmament, demobilization and repatriation, reintegration and rehabilitation of former combatants, small arms and light weapons control, as well as gender equality, children and armed conflict and human rights issues\u201d are emphasised.21Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform\u201d (2008) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s report \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform\u201d, notes that \u201cthe development of effective and accountable security institutions on the basis of non-discrimination, full respect for human rights and the rule of law is essential\u201d.22 As part of a holistic strategy, the United Nations can play a normative as well as operational role in SSR. Normatively, the United Nations can \u201c[elaborate] policies and guidelines for the implementation of security sector reform plans and programmes and ensure that peacekeeping operations and United Nations country teams engaged in reform receive practical guidance and assistance in the estab- lishment of benchmarks and other evaluation processes\u201d.23 Operationally, the United Nations can: 1) provide a minimum level of security from which to launch SSR activities; 2) support needs assessments and strategic planning efforts; 3) facilitate dialogue among the many actors and stakeholders involved in a country\u2019s SSR process; 4) provide technical advice on defence and law enforcement institutions, border management, crime prevention and customs, among others; 5) coordinate and mobilize resources; 6) support the development of oversight mechanisms; and 7) support monitoring, evaluation and review efforts.24Presidential Statement on \u201cMaintenance of international peace and security: role of the Security Council in supporting security sector reform\u201d (12 May 2008) \\n The Presidential Statement of 12 May 2008 on supporting security sector reform highlights that SSR is a long-term process and that \u201cit is the sovereign right and primary responsibil- ity of the country concerned to determine its national approach and priorities for security sector reform\u201d.25 The statement also reiterates that a holistic and coherent UN approach is needed and underlines the important role the Peacebuilding Commission \u201ccan play in ensuring continuous international support to countries emerging from conflict.\u201d26", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1520, "Sentence":"Some important \u201clessons learned\u201d from this work include: 1) DDR cannot be implemented without coordinating with the wider peacebuild- ing and recovery process; 2) DDR work should continue beyond the life of a traditional peacekeeping operation thus national capacities must be developed to ensure sustainability; 3) a fragmented approach to DDR is counterproductive; and 4) DDR \u201cmust also be planned in close coordination with transitional processes to review and reform the rule of law and security sectors, as well as efforts to control and reduce small arms proliferation.\u201d19Presidential Statement on \u201cMaintenance of international peace and security: role of the Security Council in supporting security sector reform\u201d (21 February 2007) \\n The Presidential Statement of 21 February 2007 emphasises that \u201creforming the security sector in post-conflict environments is critical to the consolidation of peace and stability, promoting poverty reduction, rule of law and good governance, extending legitimate state authority, and preventing countries from relapsing into conflict.\u201d20 The importance of a \u201cprofessional\u201d and \u201caccountable\u201d security sector as well as an \u201cimpartial\u201d justice sector are critical to sustainable peace and development.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR important \u201c lesson learned \u201d work include 1 ddr implemented without coordinating wider peacebuild ing recovery process 2 ddr work continue beyond life traditional peacekeeping operation thus national capacity must developed ensure sustainability 3 fragmented approach ddr counterproductive 4 ddr \u201c must also planned close coordination transitional process review reform rule law security sector well effort control reduce small arm proliferation. \u201d 19presidential statement \u201c maintenance international peace security role security council supporting security sector reform \u201d 21 february 2007 n presidential statement 21 february 2007 emphasis \u201c reforming security sector postconflict environment critical consolidation peace stability promoting poverty reduction rule law good governance extending legitimate state authority preventing country relapsing conflict. \u201d 20 importance \u201c professional \u201d \u201c accountable \u201d security sector well \u201c impartial \u201d justice sector critical sustainable peace development ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Key UN documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies\u201d (2004) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s Report \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d defines the rule of law as \u201ca principle of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities, public and private, including the State itself, are account- able to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international human rights norms and standards\u201d.18 DDR is identified as one key element of \u201ctransitioning out of conflict and back to normalcy.\u201d Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d (2006) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s report on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d dis- cusses the increased engagement of the United Nations in DDR from 2000-2005 in peace- keeping and non-peacekeeping contexts. Some important \u201clessons learned\u201d from this work include: 1) DDR cannot be implemented without coordinating with the wider peacebuild- ing and recovery process; 2) DDR work should continue beyond the life of a traditional peacekeeping operation thus national capacities must be developed to ensure sustainability; 3) a fragmented approach to DDR is counterproductive; and 4) DDR \u201cmust also be planned in close coordination with transitional processes to review and reform the rule of law and security sectors, as well as efforts to control and reduce small arms proliferation.\u201d19Presidential Statement on \u201cMaintenance of international peace and security: role of the Security Council in supporting security sector reform\u201d (21 February 2007) \\n The Presidential Statement of 21 February 2007 emphasises that \u201creforming the security sector in post-conflict environments is critical to the consolidation of peace and stability, promoting poverty reduction, rule of law and good governance, extending legitimate state authority, and preventing countries from relapsing into conflict.\u201d20 The importance of a \u201cprofessional\u201d and \u201caccountable\u201d security sector as well as an \u201cimpartial\u201d justice sector are critical to sustainable peace and development. The fundamental role of the United Nations in \u201cpromoting comprehensive, coherent, and co-ordinated international support to nationally- owned security sector reform programmes, implemented with the consent of the country concerned\u201d is stressed, as is the need for a balanced approach to SSR that considers institu- tional capacity, affordability and sustainability of SSR programmes. Inter-linkages between SSR and \u201ctransitional justice, disarmament, demobilization and repatriation, reintegration and rehabilitation of former combatants, small arms and light weapons control, as well as gender equality, children and armed conflict and human rights issues\u201d are emphasised.21Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform\u201d (2008) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s report \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform\u201d, notes that \u201cthe development of effective and accountable security institutions on the basis of non-discrimination, full respect for human rights and the rule of law is essential\u201d.22 As part of a holistic strategy, the United Nations can play a normative as well as operational role in SSR. Normatively, the United Nations can \u201c[elaborate] policies and guidelines for the implementation of security sector reform plans and programmes and ensure that peacekeeping operations and United Nations country teams engaged in reform receive practical guidance and assistance in the estab- lishment of benchmarks and other evaluation processes\u201d.23 Operationally, the United Nations can: 1) provide a minimum level of security from which to launch SSR activities; 2) support needs assessments and strategic planning efforts; 3) facilitate dialogue among the many actors and stakeholders involved in a country\u2019s SSR process; 4) provide technical advice on defence and law enforcement institutions, border management, crime prevention and customs, among others; 5) coordinate and mobilize resources; 6) support the development of oversight mechanisms; and 7) support monitoring, evaluation and review efforts.24Presidential Statement on \u201cMaintenance of international peace and security: role of the Security Council in supporting security sector reform\u201d (12 May 2008) \\n The Presidential Statement of 12 May 2008 on supporting security sector reform highlights that SSR is a long-term process and that \u201cit is the sovereign right and primary responsibil- ity of the country concerned to determine its national approach and priorities for security sector reform\u201d.25 The statement also reiterates that a holistic and coherent UN approach is needed and underlines the important role the Peacebuilding Commission \u201ccan play in ensuring continuous international support to countries emerging from conflict.\u201d26", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1520, "Sentence":"The fundamental role of the United Nations in \u201cpromoting comprehensive, coherent, and co-ordinated international support to nationally- owned security sector reform programmes, implemented with the consent of the country concerned\u201d is stressed, as is the need for a balanced approach to SSR that considers institu- tional capacity, affordability and sustainability of SSR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR fundamental role united nation \u201c promoting comprehensive coherent coordinated international support nationally owned security sector reform programme implemented consent country concerned \u201d stressed need balanced approach ssr considers institu tional capacity affordability sustainability ssr programme ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Key UN documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies\u201d (2004) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s Report \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d defines the rule of law as \u201ca principle of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities, public and private, including the State itself, are account- able to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international human rights norms and standards\u201d.18 DDR is identified as one key element of \u201ctransitioning out of conflict and back to normalcy.\u201d Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d (2006) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s report on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d dis- cusses the increased engagement of the United Nations in DDR from 2000-2005 in peace- keeping and non-peacekeeping contexts. Some important \u201clessons learned\u201d from this work include: 1) DDR cannot be implemented without coordinating with the wider peacebuild- ing and recovery process; 2) DDR work should continue beyond the life of a traditional peacekeeping operation thus national capacities must be developed to ensure sustainability; 3) a fragmented approach to DDR is counterproductive; and 4) DDR \u201cmust also be planned in close coordination with transitional processes to review and reform the rule of law and security sectors, as well as efforts to control and reduce small arms proliferation.\u201d19Presidential Statement on \u201cMaintenance of international peace and security: role of the Security Council in supporting security sector reform\u201d (21 February 2007) \\n The Presidential Statement of 21 February 2007 emphasises that \u201creforming the security sector in post-conflict environments is critical to the consolidation of peace and stability, promoting poverty reduction, rule of law and good governance, extending legitimate state authority, and preventing countries from relapsing into conflict.\u201d20 The importance of a \u201cprofessional\u201d and \u201caccountable\u201d security sector as well as an \u201cimpartial\u201d justice sector are critical to sustainable peace and development. The fundamental role of the United Nations in \u201cpromoting comprehensive, coherent, and co-ordinated international support to nationally- owned security sector reform programmes, implemented with the consent of the country concerned\u201d is stressed, as is the need for a balanced approach to SSR that considers institu- tional capacity, affordability and sustainability of SSR programmes. Inter-linkages between SSR and \u201ctransitional justice, disarmament, demobilization and repatriation, reintegration and rehabilitation of former combatants, small arms and light weapons control, as well as gender equality, children and armed conflict and human rights issues\u201d are emphasised.21Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform\u201d (2008) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s report \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform\u201d, notes that \u201cthe development of effective and accountable security institutions on the basis of non-discrimination, full respect for human rights and the rule of law is essential\u201d.22 As part of a holistic strategy, the United Nations can play a normative as well as operational role in SSR. Normatively, the United Nations can \u201c[elaborate] policies and guidelines for the implementation of security sector reform plans and programmes and ensure that peacekeeping operations and United Nations country teams engaged in reform receive practical guidance and assistance in the estab- lishment of benchmarks and other evaluation processes\u201d.23 Operationally, the United Nations can: 1) provide a minimum level of security from which to launch SSR activities; 2) support needs assessments and strategic planning efforts; 3) facilitate dialogue among the many actors and stakeholders involved in a country\u2019s SSR process; 4) provide technical advice on defence and law enforcement institutions, border management, crime prevention and customs, among others; 5) coordinate and mobilize resources; 6) support the development of oversight mechanisms; and 7) support monitoring, evaluation and review efforts.24Presidential Statement on \u201cMaintenance of international peace and security: role of the Security Council in supporting security sector reform\u201d (12 May 2008) \\n The Presidential Statement of 12 May 2008 on supporting security sector reform highlights that SSR is a long-term process and that \u201cit is the sovereign right and primary responsibil- ity of the country concerned to determine its national approach and priorities for security sector reform\u201d.25 The statement also reiterates that a holistic and coherent UN approach is needed and underlines the important role the Peacebuilding Commission \u201ccan play in ensuring continuous international support to countries emerging from conflict.\u201d26", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1520, "Sentence":"Inter-linkages between SSR and \u201ctransitional justice, disarmament, demobilization and repatriation, reintegration and rehabilitation of former combatants, small arms and light weapons control, as well as gender equality, children and armed conflict and human rights issues\u201d are emphasised.21Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform\u201d (2008) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s report \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform\u201d, notes that \u201cthe development of effective and accountable security institutions on the basis of non-discrimination, full respect for human rights and the rule of law is essential\u201d.22 As part of a holistic strategy, the United Nations can play a normative as well as operational role in SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR interlinkages ssr \u201c transitional justice disarmament demobilization repatriation reintegration rehabilitation former combatant small arm light weapon control well gender equality child armed conflict human right issue \u201d emphasised.21report secretarygeneral \u201c securing peace development role united nation supporting security sector reform \u201d 2008 n secretarygeneral \u2019 report \u201c securing peace development role united nation supporting security sector reform \u201d note \u201c development effective accountable security institution basis nondiscrimination full respect human right rule law essential \u201d .22 part holistic strategy united nation play normative well operational role ssr ." }, { "ID":61, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Annex B: Key UN documents", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":30, "Paragraph":"Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies\u201d (2004) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s Report \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d defines the rule of law as \u201ca principle of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities, public and private, including the State itself, are account- able to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international human rights norms and standards\u201d.18 DDR is identified as one key element of \u201ctransitioning out of conflict and back to normalcy.\u201d Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d (2006) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s report on \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration\u201d dis- cusses the increased engagement of the United Nations in DDR from 2000-2005 in peace- keeping and non-peacekeeping contexts. Some important \u201clessons learned\u201d from this work include: 1) DDR cannot be implemented without coordinating with the wider peacebuild- ing and recovery process; 2) DDR work should continue beyond the life of a traditional peacekeeping operation thus national capacities must be developed to ensure sustainability; 3) a fragmented approach to DDR is counterproductive; and 4) DDR \u201cmust also be planned in close coordination with transitional processes to review and reform the rule of law and security sectors, as well as efforts to control and reduce small arms proliferation.\u201d19Presidential Statement on \u201cMaintenance of international peace and security: role of the Security Council in supporting security sector reform\u201d (21 February 2007) \\n The Presidential Statement of 21 February 2007 emphasises that \u201creforming the security sector in post-conflict environments is critical to the consolidation of peace and stability, promoting poverty reduction, rule of law and good governance, extending legitimate state authority, and preventing countries from relapsing into conflict.\u201d20 The importance of a \u201cprofessional\u201d and \u201caccountable\u201d security sector as well as an \u201cimpartial\u201d justice sector are critical to sustainable peace and development. The fundamental role of the United Nations in \u201cpromoting comprehensive, coherent, and co-ordinated international support to nationally- owned security sector reform programmes, implemented with the consent of the country concerned\u201d is stressed, as is the need for a balanced approach to SSR that considers institu- tional capacity, affordability and sustainability of SSR programmes. Inter-linkages between SSR and \u201ctransitional justice, disarmament, demobilization and repatriation, reintegration and rehabilitation of former combatants, small arms and light weapons control, as well as gender equality, children and armed conflict and human rights issues\u201d are emphasised.21Report of the Secretary-General on \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform\u201d (2008) \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s report \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform\u201d, notes that \u201cthe development of effective and accountable security institutions on the basis of non-discrimination, full respect for human rights and the rule of law is essential\u201d.22 As part of a holistic strategy, the United Nations can play a normative as well as operational role in SSR. Normatively, the United Nations can \u201c[elaborate] policies and guidelines for the implementation of security sector reform plans and programmes and ensure that peacekeeping operations and United Nations country teams engaged in reform receive practical guidance and assistance in the estab- lishment of benchmarks and other evaluation processes\u201d.23 Operationally, the United Nations can: 1) provide a minimum level of security from which to launch SSR activities; 2) support needs assessments and strategic planning efforts; 3) facilitate dialogue among the many actors and stakeholders involved in a country\u2019s SSR process; 4) provide technical advice on defence and law enforcement institutions, border management, crime prevention and customs, among others; 5) coordinate and mobilize resources; 6) support the development of oversight mechanisms; and 7) support monitoring, evaluation and review efforts.24Presidential Statement on \u201cMaintenance of international peace and security: role of the Security Council in supporting security sector reform\u201d (12 May 2008) \\n The Presidential Statement of 12 May 2008 on supporting security sector reform highlights that SSR is a long-term process and that \u201cit is the sovereign right and primary responsibil- ity of the country concerned to determine its national approach and priorities for security sector reform\u201d.25 The statement also reiterates that a holistic and coherent UN approach is needed and underlines the important role the Peacebuilding Commission \u201ccan play in ensuring continuous international support to countries emerging from conflict.\u201d26", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1520, "Sentence":"Normatively, the United Nations can \u201c[elaborate] policies and guidelines for the implementation of security sector reform plans and programmes and ensure that peacekeeping operations and United Nations country teams engaged in reform receive practical guidance and assistance in the estab- lishment of benchmarks and other evaluation processes\u201d.23 Operationally, the United Nations can: 1) provide a minimum level of security from which to launch SSR activities; 2) support needs assessments and strategic planning efforts; 3) facilitate dialogue among the many actors and stakeholders involved in a country\u2019s SSR process; 4) provide technical advice on defence and law enforcement institutions, border management, crime prevention and customs, among others; 5) coordinate and mobilize resources; 6) support the development of oversight mechanisms; and 7) support monitoring, evaluation and review efforts.24Presidential Statement on \u201cMaintenance of international peace and security: role of the Security Council in supporting security sector reform\u201d (12 May 2008) \\n The Presidential Statement of 12 May 2008 on supporting security sector reform highlights that SSR is a long-term process and that \u201cit is the sovereign right and primary responsibil- ity of the country concerned to determine its national approach and priorities for security sector reform\u201d.25 The statement also reiterates that a holistic and coherent UN approach is needed and underlines the important role the Peacebuilding Commission \u201ccan play in ensuring continuous international support to countries emerging from conflict.\u201d26", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR normatively united nation \u201c elaborate policy guideline implementation security sector reform plan programme ensure peacekeeping operation united nation country team engaged reform receive practical guidance assistance estab lishment benchmark evaluation process \u201d .23 operationally united nation 1 provide minimum level security launch ssr activity 2 support need assessment strategic planning effort 3 facilitate dialogue among many actor stakeholder involved country \u2019 ssr process 4 provide technical advice defence law enforcement institution border management crime prevention custom among others 5 coordinate mobilize resource 6 support development oversight mechanism 7 support monitoring evaluation review efforts.24presidential statement \u201c maintenance international peace security role security council supporting security sector reform \u201d 12 may 2008 n presidential statement 12 may 2008 supporting security sector reform highlight ssr longterm process \u201c sovereign right primary responsibil ity country concerned determine national approach priority security sector reform \u201d .25 statement also reiterates holistic coherent un approach needed underline important role peacebuilding commission \u201c play ensuring continuous international support country emerging conflict. \u201d 26" }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR 1 box included throughout module provide practical example suggestion ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR specific case study box draw four fieldbased case study conducted afghanistan burundi central african republic democratic republic congo support module ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 2 see statement president security council 5632nd meeting security council held 20 february 2007 s\/prst\/2007\/3\/ 21 february 2007 statement president security council \u201c maintenance international peace security role security council humanitarian crisis challenge lesson learned way ahead \u201d s\/prst\/2005\/30 12 july 2005 united nation report secretarygeneral \u201c securing peace development role united nation supporting security sector reform \u201d s\/2008\/39 23 january 2008 united nation general assembly \u201c report special committee peacekeeping opera tions working group 2008 substantive session \u201d a\/62\/19 10 march \u2013 4 april 3 july 2008 ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 3 report secretary general securing peace development para 17 ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 4 state periodically review reform security sector ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR recognising ssr postconflict challenge module focus context relevant ddr ssr concern ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 5 report secretary general securing peace development ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"Para 17.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR para 17 ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 6 organisation economic cooperation development \u201c security system reform gover nance dac reference document \u201d 2005 council european union \u201c eu concept esdp support security sector reform ssr \u201d council document 12566\/4\/05 13 october 2005 com mission european community \u201c concept european community support security sector reform \u201d sec2006 658 24 may 2006 ecowas \u201c ecowas conflict prevention framework ecpf \u201d enacted regulation msc\/reg.1\/01\/08 mediation security council ecowas 16 january 2008 united nation security council \u201c annex letter dated 20 november 2007 permanent representative slovakia south africa united nation addressed secretarygeneral ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR statement cochairs international work shop enhancing united nation support security sector reform africa towards african perspective \u201d s\/2007\/687 29 november 2007 ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 7 practical guidance supporting parliamentary civil society oversight security sector see born h. fluri p. johnsson a. ed parliamentary oversight security sector dcaf\/ interparliamentary union 2003 cole e. eppert k kinzelback k. ed public oversight security sector dcaf\/undp 2008 ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 8 muggah robert ed \u2018 security postconflict reconstruction dealing fighter math war \u2019 routledge 2009 ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 9 h\u00e4nggi h scherrer v ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"(eds.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR ed ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR 2008 \u2018 security sector reform un integrated mission experi ence burundi democratic republic congo haiti kosovo \u2019 lit verlag m\u00fcnster ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 10 oecd dac handbook security system reform supporting security justice provides extensive guidance political technical aspect ssr different phase programme cycle ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR organization economic cooperation development \u201c oecd dac hand book security system reform supporting security justice \u201d 2007 http\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 11 recommended interim report group expert democratic republic congo pursuant security council resolution 1698 2006 s\/2007\/40 ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 12 see undp bcpr 2006 vetting public employee postconflict setting operational guideline ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 13 bastick megan valasek kristin ed ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR gender security sector reform toolkit dcaf osce\/ odihr uninstraw ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"2008.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR 2008 ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR available http\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gendersecuritysectorreform\/ gssrtoolkit.cfmnavsub137navsub23nav13 n 14 see greene owen simon rynn linking coordinating ddr ssr human security conflict issue experience priority centre international cooperation security safer world university bradford july 2008 ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 15 recent study african security sector network assn provides valuable insight drawn analysis ssr peace agreement 8 state africa asia central america see annex b full detail ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 16 see laurent banal vincenza scherrer \u2018 onub importance local ownership case burundi \u2019 security sector reform un integrated mission experience burundi democratic republic congo haiti kosovo ed ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR h. h\u00e4nggi v. scherrer lit verlag 2008 ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 17 un ssr resource may available un interagency taskforce ssr ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR capacity includes guidance resource gap analysis backstopping field operation ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 18 united nation report secretarygeneral \u201c rule law transitional justice conflict postconflict society \u201d s\/2004\/616 23 august 2004 para 6 ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 19 united nation report secretarygeneral \u201c disarmament demobilization reintegration \u201d a\/60\/705\/ 2 march 2006 para 9 ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 20 united nation \u201c statement president security council \u201d s\/prst\/2007\/3 21 february 2007 ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 21 united nation \u201c statement president security council \u201d s\/prst\/2007\/3 21 february 2007 ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 22 report secretarygeneral securing peace development page 1 ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 23 report secretarygeneral securing peace development para 48 ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 24 report secretarygeneral securing peace development para 50 ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 25 united nation \u201c statement president security council \u201d s\/prst\/2008\/14 12 may 2008 ." }, { "ID":62, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.10-DDR-and-SSR", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and SSR", "PageNum":33, "Paragraph":"1 Boxes included throughout the module provide practical examples and suggestions. Specific case study boxes draw on four field-based case studies conducted in Afghanistan, Burundi, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of this module. \\n 2 See: Statement by the President of the Security Council at the 5632nd meeting of the Security Council, held on 20 February 2007, S\/PRST\/2007\/3\/ (21 February 2007); Statement by the President of the Security Council, \u201cThe maintenance of international peace and security: the role of the Security Council in humanitarian crises: challenges, lessons learned and the way ahead,\u201d S\/PRST\/2005\/30, 12 July 2005; United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cSecuring peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform,\u201d S\/2008\/39, 23 January 2008; and, United Nations General Assembly, \u201cReport of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Opera- tions and its Working Group: 2008 substantive session,\u201d A\/62\/19, 10 March \u2013 4 April and 3 July 2008. \\n 3 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development, para 17. \\n 4 All States periodically review and reform their security sectors. While recognising that SSR is not only a post-conflict challenge, this module focuses on these contexts as most relevant to DDR and SSR concerns. \\n 5 Report of the Secretary General, Securing Peace and development. Para 17. \\n 6 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cSecurity System Reform and Gover- nance; A DAC Reference Document,\u201d 2005; Council of the European Union, \u201cEU Concept for ESDP support to Security Sector Reform (SSR),\u201d Council document 12566\/4\/05, 13 October 2005; Com- mission of the European Communities, \u201cA Concept for European Community Support for Security Sector Reform,\u201d SEC(2006) 658, 24 May 2006; ECOWAS, \u201cECOWAS Conflict Prevention Framework (ECPF),\u201d enacted by Regulation MSC\/REG.1\/01\/08 of the Mediation and Security Council of ECOWAS, 16 January 2008; and, United Nations Security Council, \u201cAnnex to the letter dated 20 November 2007 from the Permanent Representatives of Slovakia and South Africa to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General. Statement of the Co-Chairs of the International Work- shop on Enhancing United Nations Support for Security Sector Reform in Africa: Towards an African Perspective,\u201d S\/2007\/687, 29 November 2007. \\n 7 For practical guidance on supporting parliamentary and civil society oversight of the security sector see: Born, H., Fluri, P. and Johnsson, A., (eds) Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/ Inter-Parliamentary Union: 2003; Cole, E., Eppert, K and Kinzelback, K., (eds) Public Oversight of the Security Sector, DCAF\/UNDP: 2008. \\n 8 Muggah, Robert (ed), \u2018Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the After- math of War\u2019, Routledge: 2009. \\n 9 H\u00e4nggi, H & Scherrer, V. (eds.), 2008, \u2018Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experi- ence from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo\u2019, Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster. \\n 10 The OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice provides extensive guidance on both political and technical aspects of SSR through the different phases of the programme cycle. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, \u201cOECD DAC Hand- book on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice,\u201d 2007: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/ dataoecd\/43\/25\/38406485.pdf. \\n 11 This is recommended in the interim report of the group of experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), S\/2007\/40. \\n 12 See: UNDP BCPR, (2006) Vetting Public Employees in Post-Conflict Settings: Operational Guidelines. \\n 13 Bastick, Megan & Valasek, Kristin (eds). Gender & Security Sector Reform Toolkit, DCAF, OSCE\/ ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. 2008. Available at: http:\/\/www.dcaf.ch\/gender-security-sector-reform\/ gssr-toolkit.cfm?navsub1=37&navsub2=3&nav1=3 \\n 14 See: Greene, Owen and Simon Rynn, Linking and Co-ordinating DDR and SSR for Human Security after Conflict: Issues, Experience and Priorities, Centre for International Cooperation and Security, Safer- world and the University of Bradford, July 2008. \\n 15 A recent study by the African Security Sector Network (ASSN) provides valuable insights drawn from analysis of SSR in peace agreements in 8 states from Africa, Asia and Central America (see Annex B for full details). \\n 16 See Laurent Banal and Vincenza Scherrer, \u2018ONUB and the Importance of Local Ownership: The Case of Burundi\u2019 in Security Sector Reform and UN Integrated Missions: Experience from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, and Kosovo, eds. H. H\u00e4nggi & V. Scherrer, Lit Verlag, 2008. \\n 17 UN SSR resources may be available through the UN Inter-Agency Taskforce on SSR. This capacity includes guidance, resources, gap analysis and backstopping to field operations. \\n 18 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cThe rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies,\u201d S\/2004\/616, 23 August 2004, Para 6. \\n 19 United Nations Report of the Secretary-General, \u201cDisarmament, demobilization and reintegration,\u201d A\/60\/705\/, 2 March 2006, Para 9. \\n 20 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 21 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2007\/3, 21 February 2007. \\n 22 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Page 1. \\n 23 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 48. \\n 24 Report of the Secretary-General, Securing Peace and Development, Para 50. \\n 25 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008. \\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1521, "Sentence":"\\n 26 United Nations, \u201cStatement by the President of the Security Council,\u201d S\/PRST\/2008\/14, 12 May 2008.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and SSR n 26 united nation \u201c statement president security council \u201d s\/prst\/2008\/14 12 may 2008 ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module on DDR and transitional justice aims to contribute to accountable DDR pro- grammes that are based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and transitional justice processes, so as to best support the successful transition from con- flict to sustainable peace. It is intended to provide a legal framework, guiding principles and options for policymakers and programme planners who are contributing to strategies that aim to minimize tensions and build on opportunities between transitional justice and DDR. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR programmes begins with an under- standing of how transitional justice and DDR may interact positively in the short-term in ways that, at a minimum, do not hinder their respective objectives of accountability and stability. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR practitioners should, however, aim beyond that. Efforts should be undertaken to constructively connect these two processes in ways that contribute to a stable, just and long-term peace.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1522, "Sentence":"This module on DDR and transitional justice aims to contribute to accountable DDR pro- grammes that are based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and transitional justice processes, so as to best support the successful transition from con- flict to sustainable peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice module ddr transitional justice aim contribute accountable ddr pro gramme based systematic improved coordination ddr transitional justice process best support successful transition con flict sustainable peace ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module on DDR and transitional justice aims to contribute to accountable DDR pro- grammes that are based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and transitional justice processes, so as to best support the successful transition from con- flict to sustainable peace. It is intended to provide a legal framework, guiding principles and options for policymakers and programme planners who are contributing to strategies that aim to minimize tensions and build on opportunities between transitional justice and DDR. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR programmes begins with an under- standing of how transitional justice and DDR may interact positively in the short-term in ways that, at a minimum, do not hinder their respective objectives of accountability and stability. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR practitioners should, however, aim beyond that. Efforts should be undertaken to constructively connect these two processes in ways that contribute to a stable, just and long-term peace.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1522, "Sentence":"It is intended to provide a legal framework, guiding principles and options for policymakers and programme planners who are contributing to strategies that aim to minimize tensions and build on opportunities between transitional justice and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice intended provide legal framework guiding principle option policymakers programme planner contributing strategy aim minimize tension build opportunity transitional justice ddr ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module on DDR and transitional justice aims to contribute to accountable DDR pro- grammes that are based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and transitional justice processes, so as to best support the successful transition from con- flict to sustainable peace. It is intended to provide a legal framework, guiding principles and options for policymakers and programme planners who are contributing to strategies that aim to minimize tensions and build on opportunities between transitional justice and DDR. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR programmes begins with an under- standing of how transitional justice and DDR may interact positively in the short-term in ways that, at a minimum, do not hinder their respective objectives of accountability and stability. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR practitioners should, however, aim beyond that. Efforts should be undertaken to constructively connect these two processes in ways that contribute to a stable, just and long-term peace.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1522, "Sentence":"Coordination between transitional justice and DDR programmes begins with an under- standing of how transitional justice and DDR may interact positively in the short-term in ways that, at a minimum, do not hinder their respective objectives of accountability and stability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice coordination transitional justice ddr programme begin standing transitional justice ddr may interact positively shortterm way minimum hinder respective objective accountability stability ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module on DDR and transitional justice aims to contribute to accountable DDR pro- grammes that are based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and transitional justice processes, so as to best support the successful transition from con- flict to sustainable peace. It is intended to provide a legal framework, guiding principles and options for policymakers and programme planners who are contributing to strategies that aim to minimize tensions and build on opportunities between transitional justice and DDR. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR programmes begins with an under- standing of how transitional justice and DDR may interact positively in the short-term in ways that, at a minimum, do not hinder their respective objectives of accountability and stability. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR practitioners should, however, aim beyond that. Efforts should be undertaken to constructively connect these two processes in ways that contribute to a stable, just and long-term peace.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1522, "Sentence":"Coordination between transitional justice and DDR practitioners should, however, aim beyond that.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice coordination transitional justice ddr practitioner however aim beyond ." }, { "ID":0, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Summary", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module on DDR and transitional justice aims to contribute to accountable DDR pro- grammes that are based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and transitional justice processes, so as to best support the successful transition from con- flict to sustainable peace. It is intended to provide a legal framework, guiding principles and options for policymakers and programme planners who are contributing to strategies that aim to minimize tensions and build on opportunities between transitional justice and DDR. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR programmes begins with an under- standing of how transitional justice and DDR may interact positively in the short-term in ways that, at a minimum, do not hinder their respective objectives of accountability and stability. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR practitioners should, however, aim beyond that. Efforts should be undertaken to constructively connect these two processes in ways that contribute to a stable, just and long-term peace.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1522, "Sentence":"Efforts should be undertaken to constructively connect these two processes in ways that contribute to a stable, just and long-term peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice effort undertaken constructively connect two process way contribute stable longterm peace ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module will explore the linkages between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures that seek prosecutions, truth-seeking, reparation for victims and institutional reform to address mass atrocities that occurred in the past. It is based on the principle that DDR programmes that are informed by international humanitarian law and international human rights law are more likely to achieve the long term objectives of the programme and be better supported by the international community. It aims to contribute to DDR programmes that comply with international standards and promote transitional justice objectives by pro- viding a relevant legal framework and set of guidelines and options for practitioners to consider when designing, implementing, and evaluating DDR programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1523, "Sentence":"This module will explore the linkages between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures that seek prosecutions, truth-seeking, reparation for victims and institutional reform to address mass atrocities that occurred in the past.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice module explore linkage ddr programme transitional justice measure seek prosecution truthseeking reparation victim institutional reform address mass atrocity occurred past ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module will explore the linkages between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures that seek prosecutions, truth-seeking, reparation for victims and institutional reform to address mass atrocities that occurred in the past. It is based on the principle that DDR programmes that are informed by international humanitarian law and international human rights law are more likely to achieve the long term objectives of the programme and be better supported by the international community. It aims to contribute to DDR programmes that comply with international standards and promote transitional justice objectives by pro- viding a relevant legal framework and set of guidelines and options for practitioners to consider when designing, implementing, and evaluating DDR programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1523, "Sentence":"It is based on the principle that DDR programmes that are informed by international humanitarian law and international human rights law are more likely to achieve the long term objectives of the programme and be better supported by the international community.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice based principle ddr programme informed international humanitarian law international human right law likely achieve long term objective programme better supported international community ." }, { "ID":1, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"This module will explore the linkages between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures that seek prosecutions, truth-seeking, reparation for victims and institutional reform to address mass atrocities that occurred in the past. It is based on the principle that DDR programmes that are informed by international humanitarian law and international human rights law are more likely to achieve the long term objectives of the programme and be better supported by the international community. It aims to contribute to DDR programmes that comply with international standards and promote transitional justice objectives by pro- viding a relevant legal framework and set of guidelines and options for practitioners to consider when designing, implementing, and evaluating DDR programmes.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1523, "Sentence":"It aims to contribute to DDR programmes that comply with international standards and promote transitional justice objectives by pro- viding a relevant legal framework and set of guidelines and options for practitioners to consider when designing, implementing, and evaluating DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice aim contribute ddr programme comply international standard promote transitional justice objective pro viding relevant legal framework set guideline option practitioner consider designing implementing evaluating ddr programme ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1524, "Sentence":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice annex contains list term definition abbreviation used standard ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1524, "Sentence":"A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice com\u00ad plete glossary term definition abbreviation used series integrated ddr standard iddrs given iddrs 1.20 ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1524, "Sentence":"In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice iddrs series word \u2018 shall \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 may \u2019 \u2018 \u2019 \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate intended degree compliance standard laid ." }, { "ID":2, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":1, "Paragraph":"Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A com\u00ad plete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of integrated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1524, "Sentence":"This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; and, \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice use consistent language used international organization standardization iso standard guideline n \u2018 shall \u2019 used indicate requirement method specification applied order conform standard n b \u2018 \u2019 used indicate preferred requirement method specification n c \u2018 may \u2019 used indicate possible method course action n \u2018 \u2019 used indicate possibility capability n e \u2018 must \u2019 used indicate external constraint obligation ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice since mid1980s society emerging violent conflict repressive rule often chosen address past violation international human right law international humani tarian law transitional justice measures.transitional justice \u201c comprises full range process measure associated society \u2019 attempt come term legacy largescale past abuse order ensure accountability serve justice achieve reconciliation. \u201d 1 s\/2004\/616 primarily concerned gross violation international human right law2 seri ous violation international humanitarian law ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice transitional justice measure may clude judicial nonjudicial response prosecution truth commission reparation programme victim tool institutional reform vetting ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice whatever combination chosen must conformity international legal standard obligation ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice module also provide information locallybased process justice justice woman justice children.transitional justice measure increasingly part political package agreed party conflict ceasefire peace agreement ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice subsequently uncommon ddr programme transitional justice measure coexist post conflict period ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice overlap transitional justice measure ddr programme create tension ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice yet coexistence two type initiative immediate aftermath conflict\u2014one focused accountability truth redress security\u2014 may also contribute achieving longterm shared objective reconciliation peace ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr may contribute stability necessary implement transitional justice ini tiatives implementation transitional justice measure accountability truth redress institutional reform increase likelihood ddr programme achieve aim strengthening legitimacy programme perspec tive victim violence community contributing way willingness accept returning excombatants.the relationship ddr programme transitional justice measure vary widely depending country context manner conflict fought ended level involvement international community among many factor ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice situation ddr programme transitional justice meas ures coexist field stand benefit better understanding respec tive mandate ultimate aim ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr process need understand ddr programme link aspect peace consolidation process political humanitarian security justice related avoid one process impacting negatively another ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice unsupported ddr aim peoplecentred flexible accountable transparent nationally owned integrated well planned see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice module therefore aim contribute accountable ddr based systematic improved coordination ddr tran sitional justice process best facilitate successful transition conflict sustainable peace.box 1 primary approach transitional justice n prosecution \u2013 conduct investigation judicial proceeding alleged perpetrator crime accordance international standard administration justice ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice purpose module focus prosecution individual accused criminal conduct involving gross violation international human right law serious violation international humanitarian law violation international criminal law ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"Prosecutions initiatives can vary.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice prosecution initiative vary ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice broad scope aiming try many perpetrator narrowly focused bear responsibility crime committed ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"\\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n reparation \u2013 set measure provides redress victim gross violation international human right law serious violation international humanitarian law violation international criminal law ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice reparation take form restitution compensation rehabilitation satisfaction guarantee nonrepetition ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice reparation program two goal first provide recognition victim reparation explicitly primarily carried behalf victim second encourage trust among citizen citizen state demonstrating past abuse regarded seriously new government ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"\\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n truth commission \u2013 nonjudicial quasijudicial factfinding body ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice primary purpose investigating reporting past abuse attempt understand extent pattern past violation well cause consequence ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice work commission help society understand acknowledge contested denied history bring voice story victim public large ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"It also aims at preventing further abuses.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice also aim preventing abuse ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"Truth commissions can be official, local or national.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice truth commission official local national ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice conduct investigation hearing identify individual institution responsible abuse ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice truth commission also empowered make policy prosecutorial recommendation ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"\\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n institutional reform \u2013 changing public institution including may perpetuated conflict served repressive regime transforming institution effective accountable thus better able support transition sustain peace preserve rule law ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice following period massive human right abuse building fair efficient public institution play critical role preventing future abuse ." }, { "ID":3, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"3. Introduction", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":2, "Paragraph":"Since the mid-1980s, societies emerging from violent conflict or repressive rule have often chosen to address past violations of international human rights law and international humani- tarian law through transitional justice measures.Transitional justice \u201ccomprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.\u201d1 (S\/2004\/616) It is primarily concerned with gross violations of international human rights law2 and seri- ous violations of international humanitarian law. Transitional justice measures may in- clude judicial and non-judicial responses such as prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations programmes for victims and tools for institutional reform such as vetting. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations. This module will also provide information on locally-based processes of justice, justice for women, and justice for children.Transitional justice measures are increasingly part of the political package that is agreed to by the parties to a conflict in a cease-fire or peace agreement. Subsequently, it is not uncommon for DDR programmes and transitional justice measures to coexist in the post- conflict period. The overlap of transitional justice measures with DDR programmes can create tension. Yet the coexistence of these two types of initiatives in the immediate aftermath of conflict\u2014one focused on accountability, truth and redress and the other on security\u2014 may also contribute to achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. DDR may contribute to the stability necessary to implement transitional justice ini- tiatives; and the implementation of transitional justice measures for accountability, truth, redress and institutional reform can increase the likelihood that DDR programmes will achieve their aims, by strengthening the legitimacy of the programme from the perspec- tive of the victims of violence and their communities, and contributing in this way to their willingness to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationship between DDR programmes and transitional justice measures can vary widely depending on the country context, the manner in which the conflict was fought and how it ended, and the level of involvement by the international community, among many other factors. In situations where DDR programmes and transitional justice meas- ures coexist in the field, both stand to benefit from a better understanding of their respec- tive mandates and ultimate aims. In all DDR processes there is a need to understand how DDR programmes link in with other aspects of a peace consolidation process, be they political, humanitarian, security or justice related, so as to avoid one process impacting negatively on another. UN-supported DDR aims to be people-centred, flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally owned; integrated; and well planned (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). This module therefore further aims to contribute to an accountable DDR that is based on more systematic and improved coordination between DDR and tran- sitional justice processes so as to best facilitate the successful transition from conflict to sustainable peace.Box 1 Primary approaches to transitional justice \\n Prosecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals accused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed. \\n Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government. \\n Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They can conduct investigations and hearings, and can identify the individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations. \\n Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions, including those that may have perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime, and transforming them into institutions that are more effective and accountable and thus better able to support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1525, "Sentence":"It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to provide criminal accountability for past abuses.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice also enables public institution particular security justice sector provide criminal accountability past abuse ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"4. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously. Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered. In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections. Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years. Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities. One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants. The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims. In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package. The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour. Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building. UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law. For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks). DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures. Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence. To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure. There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule. DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation. Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1526, "Sentence":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice good reason anticipate rise situation ddr transitional justice initiative pursued simultaneously ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"4. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously. Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered. In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections. Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years. Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities. One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants. The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims. In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package. The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour. Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building. UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law. For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks). DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures. Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence. To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure. There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule. DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation. Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1526, "Sentence":"Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice transitioning state increasingly using transitional justice measure address past violation international human right law humanitarian law prevent violation future.at present formal institutional connection ddr transitional justice rarely considered ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"4. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously. Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered. In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections. Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years. Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities. One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants. The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims. In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package. The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour. Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building. UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law. For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks). DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures. Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence. To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure. There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule. DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation. Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1526, "Sentence":"In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice case different timing ddr transitional justice process constrain forging formal institutional interconnection ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"4. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously. Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered. In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections. Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years. Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities. One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants. The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims. In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package. The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour. Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building. UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law. For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks). DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures. Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence. To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure. There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule. DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation. Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1526, "Sentence":"Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice disarmament demobilization component ddr frequently initiated ceasefire immediately peace agreement signed transitional justice initiative often require forming new government kind legislative approval may delay implementation month uncommonly year ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"4. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously. Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered. In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections. Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years. Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities. One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants. The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims. In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package. The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour. Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building. UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law. For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks). DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures. Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence. To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure. There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule. DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation. Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1526, "Sentence":"Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice additionally ddr process transitional justice initiative different constituency ddr pro gramme directed primarily excombatants transitional justice initiative focus victim society generally.the lack coordination transitional justice ddr may lead unbal anced outcome missed opportunity ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"4. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously. Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered. In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections. Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years. Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities. One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants. The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims. In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package. The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour. Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building. UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law. For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks). DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures. Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence. To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure. There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule. DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation. Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1526, "Sentence":"One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice one outcome example victim receive markedly le attention resource excombatants ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"4. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously. Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered. In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections. Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years. Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities. One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants. The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims. In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package. The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour. Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building. UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law. For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks). DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures. Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence. To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure. There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule. DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation. Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1526, "Sentence":"The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice inequity stark comparing benefit excombatants reparation victim ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"4. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously. Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered. In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections. Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years. Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities. One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants. The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims. In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package. The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour. Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building. UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law. For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks). DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures. Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence. To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure. There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule. DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation. Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1526, "Sentence":"In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice many case latter receive nothing whereas excombatants usually receive sort ddr package ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"4. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously. Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered. In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections. Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years. Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities. One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants. The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims. In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package. The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour. Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building. UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law. For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks). DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures. Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence. To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure. There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule. DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation. Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1526, "Sentence":"The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice im balance benefit provided excombatants lack benefit provided victim led criticism ddr reward violent behaviour ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"4. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously. Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered. In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections. Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years. Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities. One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants. The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims. In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package. The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour. Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building. UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law. For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks). DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures. Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence. To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure. There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule. DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation. Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1526, "Sentence":"Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice enhanced coordination ddr transitional justice measure may create opportunity mitigate imbalance increase legitimacy ddr programme per spective community need accept returning excombatants.the relationship ddr transitional justice important consider cause process critical component strategy peacekeeping peace building ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"4. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously. Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered. In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections. Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years. Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities. One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants. The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims. In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package. The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour. Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building. UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law. For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks). DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures. Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence. To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure. There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule. DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation. Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1526, "Sentence":"UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice un peacekeeping operation increasingly entrusted mandate promote protect human right accountability well assist national authori tie strengthening rule law ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"4. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously. Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered. In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections. Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years. Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities. One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants. The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims. In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package. The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour. Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building. UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law. For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks). DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures. Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence. To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure. There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule. DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation. Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1526, "Sentence":"For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice example un peacekeeping operation democratic republic congo given specific mandate \u201c contribute dis armament portion national programme disarmament demobilization reinte gration ddr congolese combatant dependant monitoring process providing appropriate security sensitive location \u201d well \u201c assist promotion protection human right particular attention woman child vulnerable person investigate human right violation put end impunity continue cooperate effort ensure responsible serious violation human right international humanitarian law brought justice \u201d .3importantly ddr transitional justice also aim contribute peacebuilding reconciliation see iddrs 2.20 postconflict stabilization peacebuilding recovery framework ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"4. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously. Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered. In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections. Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years. Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities. One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants. The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims. In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package. The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour. Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building. UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law. For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks). DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures. Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence. To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure. There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule. DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation. Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1526, "Sentence":"DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr programme may contribute peacemaking stability creating environment conducive establishing transitional justice measure ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"4. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously. Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered. In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections. Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years. Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities. One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants. The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims. In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package. The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour. Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building. UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law. For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks). DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures. Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence. To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure. There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule. DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation. Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1526, "Sentence":"Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice comprehensive approach transitional justice may address root cause conflict provide accountability past violation international human right humanitarian law inform institutional reform necessary prevent reemergence violence ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"4. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously. Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered. In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections. Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years. Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities. One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants. The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims. In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package. The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour. Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building. UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law. For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks). DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures. Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence. To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure. There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule. DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation. Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1526, "Sentence":"To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice end \u201c mutually reinforcing imperative \u201d .4reconciliation remains difficult concept define measure ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"4. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously. Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered. In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections. Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years. Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities. One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants. The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims. In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package. The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour. Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building. UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law. For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks). DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures. Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence. To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure. There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule. DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation. Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1526, "Sentence":"There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice single model overcoming division building trust within society recovering conflict totalitarian rule ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"4. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously. Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered. In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections. Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years. Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities. One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants. The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims. In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package. The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour. Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building. UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law. For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks). DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures. Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence. To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure. There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule. DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation. Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1526, "Sentence":"DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr aim encourage trust confidence excombatants society state presenting transparent process former fighter give weapon renounce affiliation armed group commit respecting basic norm law including resolution conflict struggle political power see iddrs 2.10 un approach ddr ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"4. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously. Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered. In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections. Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years. Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities. One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants. The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims. In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package. The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour. Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building. UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law. For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks). DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures. Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence. To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure. There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule. DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation. Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1526, "Sentence":"Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice transitional justice initiative aim build trust victim society state transitional justice measure provide acknowledgement state citizen right violated deserve justice truth reparation ." }, { "ID":4, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"4. Background", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":3, "Paragraph":"There are good reasons to anticipate a rise in situations where DDR and transitional justice initiatives will be pursued simultaneously. Transitioning states are increasingly using transitional justice measures to address past violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law, and prevent such violations in the future.At present, formal institutional connections between DDR and transitional justice are rarely considered. In some cases, the different timings of DDR and transitional justice processes constrain the forging of more formal institutional interconnections. Disarmament and demobilization components of DDR are frequently initiated during a cease-fire, or immediately after a peace agreement is signed; while transitional justice initiatives often require the forming of a new government and some kind of legislative approval, which may delay implementation by months or, not uncommonly, years. Additionally, DDR processes and transitional justice initiatives have very different constituencies: DDR pro- grammes are directed primarily at ex-combatants while transitional justice initiatives focus more on victims and on society more generally.The lack of coordination between transitional justice and DDR may lead to unbal- anced outcomes and missed opportunities. One outcome, for example, is that victims receive markedly less attention and resources than ex-combatants. The inequity is most stark when comparing benefits for ex-combatants with reparations for victims. In many cases the latter receive nothing whereas ex-combatants usually receive some sort of DDR package. The im- balance between the benefits provided to ex-combatants and the lack of benefits provided to victims has led to criticism by some that DDR rewards violent behaviour. Enhanced coordination between DDR and transitional justice measures may create opportunities to mitigate this imbalance and increase the legitimacy of the DDR programme from the per- spective of the communities which need to accept returning ex-combatants.The relationships between DDR and transitional justice are important to consider be- cause both processes are critical components of strategies for peacekeeping and peace- building. UN peacekeeping operations have increasingly been entrusted with mandates to promote and protect human rights and accountability, as well as to assist national authori- ties in strengthening the rule of law. For example, the UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was given a specific mandate \u201cto contribute to the dis- armament portion of the national programme of disarmament, demobilization and reinte- gration (DDR) of Congolese combatants and their dependants, in monitoring the process and providing as appropriate security in some sensitive locations;\u201d as well as \u201cto assist in the promotion and protection of human rights, with particular attention to women, children and vulnerable persons, investigate human rights violations to put an end to impunity, and continue to cooperate with efforts to ensure that those responsible for serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are brought to justice\u201d.3Importantly DDR and transitional justice also aim to contribute to peacebuilding and reconciliation (see IDDRS 2.20 on Post-conflict Stabilization, Peace-building and Recovery Frameworks). DDR programmes may contribute to peacemaking and stability, creating environments more conducive to establishing transitional justice measures. Comprehensive approaches to transitional justice may address some of the root causes of conflict, provide accountability for past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and inform the institutional reform necessary to prevent the reemergence of violence. To that end they are \u201cmutually reinforcing imperatives\u201d.4Reconciliation remains a difficult concept to define or measure. There is no single model for overcoming divisions and building trust within societies recovering from conflict or totalitarian rule. DDR aims to encourage trust and confidence between ex-combatants, society and the State by presenting a transparent process by which former fighters give up their weapons, renounce their affiliations to armed groups, and commit to respecting the basic norms and laws including in the resolution of conflicts and the struggle for political power (see IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR). Transitional justice initiatives aim to build trust between victims, society, and the state through transitional justice measures that provide some acknowledgement from the State that citizen rights have been violated and that they deserve justice, truth and reparation. Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1526, "Sentence":"Increased consultation with victims\u2019 groups, communities receiving demobilized combatants, municipal governments, faith- based organizations and the demobilized combatants and their families, may inform and strengthen the legitimacy of DDR and transitional justice processes and enhance the pros- pects of reconciliation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice increased consultation victim \u2019 group community receiving demobilized combatant municipal government faith based organization demobilized combatant family may inform strengthen legitimacy ddr transitional justice process enhance pro pects reconciliation ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, interna- tional human rights law, international humanitarian law, international criminal law and international refugee law provide the normative framework for transitional justice. In rec- ognition of these international instruments, transitional justice mechanisms seek to ensure compliance with the right to justice, the right to truth, the right to reparations, and the guarantees of non-repetition. Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require States to ensure punishment of specific offences.5 Furthermore, treaty bodies repeatedly found that amnesties that foreclose criminal prosecutions of gross violations of human rights violate States\u2019 obligations under these treaties. An amnesty that impeded victims\u2019 recourse to effective civil remedy would also violate this obligation.The important developments in international law and practice related to transitional justice and witnessed in the last several decades, have been reflected in the Updated Set of Principles for the protection and promotion of human rights through action to combat impunity 6 (E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1) and in the Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of the International Humanitarian Law.7 (A\/RES\/60\/147) The Updated Principles affirm the need for a comprehensive approach towards combating impunity, including investigations and prosecutions, remedies and reparations, truth seeking, and guarantees of non-repetition of violations.\u201d8 Furthermore, the 2004 Report of the Secretary General on The rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies (S\/2004\/616) is a notable contribution to the UN doctrine on transitional justice and highlights key issues and lessons learned from the UN experiences.9While not exhaustive, the following section provides an overview of some of the inter- nationally recognized rights relevant to transitional justice processes and DDR. It also offers a review of the various transitional justice measures that could be established to implement these rights.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1527, "Sentence":"The Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, interna- tional human rights law, international humanitarian law, international criminal law and international refugee law provide the normative framework for transitional justice.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice charter united nation universal declaration human right interna tional human right law international humanitarian law international criminal law international refugee law provide normative framework transitional justice ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, interna- tional human rights law, international humanitarian law, international criminal law and international refugee law provide the normative framework for transitional justice. In rec- ognition of these international instruments, transitional justice mechanisms seek to ensure compliance with the right to justice, the right to truth, the right to reparations, and the guarantees of non-repetition. Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require States to ensure punishment of specific offences.5 Furthermore, treaty bodies repeatedly found that amnesties that foreclose criminal prosecutions of gross violations of human rights violate States\u2019 obligations under these treaties. An amnesty that impeded victims\u2019 recourse to effective civil remedy would also violate this obligation.The important developments in international law and practice related to transitional justice and witnessed in the last several decades, have been reflected in the Updated Set of Principles for the protection and promotion of human rights through action to combat impunity 6 (E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1) and in the Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of the International Humanitarian Law.7 (A\/RES\/60\/147) The Updated Principles affirm the need for a comprehensive approach towards combating impunity, including investigations and prosecutions, remedies and reparations, truth seeking, and guarantees of non-repetition of violations.\u201d8 Furthermore, the 2004 Report of the Secretary General on The rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies (S\/2004\/616) is a notable contribution to the UN doctrine on transitional justice and highlights key issues and lessons learned from the UN experiences.9While not exhaustive, the following section provides an overview of some of the inter- nationally recognized rights relevant to transitional justice processes and DDR. It also offers a review of the various transitional justice measures that could be established to implement these rights.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1527, "Sentence":"In rec- ognition of these international instruments, transitional justice mechanisms seek to ensure compliance with the right to justice, the right to truth, the right to reparations, and the guarantees of non-repetition.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice rec ognition international instrument transitional justice mechanism seek ensure compliance right justice right truth right reparation guarantee nonrepetition ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, interna- tional human rights law, international humanitarian law, international criminal law and international refugee law provide the normative framework for transitional justice. In rec- ognition of these international instruments, transitional justice mechanisms seek to ensure compliance with the right to justice, the right to truth, the right to reparations, and the guarantees of non-repetition. Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require States to ensure punishment of specific offences.5 Furthermore, treaty bodies repeatedly found that amnesties that foreclose criminal prosecutions of gross violations of human rights violate States\u2019 obligations under these treaties. An amnesty that impeded victims\u2019 recourse to effective civil remedy would also violate this obligation.The important developments in international law and practice related to transitional justice and witnessed in the last several decades, have been reflected in the Updated Set of Principles for the protection and promotion of human rights through action to combat impunity 6 (E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1) and in the Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of the International Humanitarian Law.7 (A\/RES\/60\/147) The Updated Principles affirm the need for a comprehensive approach towards combating impunity, including investigations and prosecutions, remedies and reparations, truth seeking, and guarantees of non-repetition of violations.\u201d8 Furthermore, the 2004 Report of the Secretary General on The rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies (S\/2004\/616) is a notable contribution to the UN doctrine on transitional justice and highlights key issues and lessons learned from the UN experiences.9While not exhaustive, the following section provides an overview of some of the inter- nationally recognized rights relevant to transitional justice processes and DDR. It also offers a review of the various transitional justice measures that could be established to implement these rights.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1527, "Sentence":"Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require States to ensure punishment of specific offences.5 Furthermore, treaty bodies repeatedly found that amnesties that foreclose criminal prosecutions of gross violations of human rights violate States\u2019 obligations under these treaties.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice various widely ratified human right humanitarian law treaty require state ensure punishment specific offences.5 furthermore treaty body repeatedly found amnesty foreclose criminal prosecution gross violation human right violate state \u2019 obligation treaty ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, interna- tional human rights law, international humanitarian law, international criminal law and international refugee law provide the normative framework for transitional justice. In rec- ognition of these international instruments, transitional justice mechanisms seek to ensure compliance with the right to justice, the right to truth, the right to reparations, and the guarantees of non-repetition. Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require States to ensure punishment of specific offences.5 Furthermore, treaty bodies repeatedly found that amnesties that foreclose criminal prosecutions of gross violations of human rights violate States\u2019 obligations under these treaties. An amnesty that impeded victims\u2019 recourse to effective civil remedy would also violate this obligation.The important developments in international law and practice related to transitional justice and witnessed in the last several decades, have been reflected in the Updated Set of Principles for the protection and promotion of human rights through action to combat impunity 6 (E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1) and in the Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of the International Humanitarian Law.7 (A\/RES\/60\/147) The Updated Principles affirm the need for a comprehensive approach towards combating impunity, including investigations and prosecutions, remedies and reparations, truth seeking, and guarantees of non-repetition of violations.\u201d8 Furthermore, the 2004 Report of the Secretary General on The rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies (S\/2004\/616) is a notable contribution to the UN doctrine on transitional justice and highlights key issues and lessons learned from the UN experiences.9While not exhaustive, the following section provides an overview of some of the inter- nationally recognized rights relevant to transitional justice processes and DDR. It also offers a review of the various transitional justice measures that could be established to implement these rights.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1527, "Sentence":"An amnesty that impeded victims\u2019 recourse to effective civil remedy would also violate this obligation.The important developments in international law and practice related to transitional justice and witnessed in the last several decades, have been reflected in the Updated Set of Principles for the protection and promotion of human rights through action to combat impunity 6 (E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1) and in the Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of the International Humanitarian Law.7 (A\/RES\/60\/147) The Updated Principles affirm the need for a comprehensive approach towards combating impunity, including investigations and prosecutions, remedies and reparations, truth seeking, and guarantees of non-repetition of violations.\u201d8 Furthermore, the 2004 Report of the Secretary General on The rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies (S\/2004\/616) is a notable contribution to the UN doctrine on transitional justice and highlights key issues and lessons learned from the UN experiences.9While not exhaustive, the following section provides an overview of some of the inter- nationally recognized rights relevant to transitional justice processes and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice amnesty impeded victim \u2019 recourse effective civil remedy would also violate obligation.the important development international law practice related transitional justice witnessed last several decade reflected updated set principle protection promotion human right action combat impunity 6 e\/cn.4\/2005\/102\/add.1 basic principle guideline right remedy reparation victim gross violation international human right law serious violation international humanitarian law.7 a\/res\/60\/147 updated principle affirm need comprehensive approach towards combating impunity including investigation prosecution remedy reparation truth seeking guarantee nonrepetition violations. \u201d 8 furthermore 2004 report secretary general rule law transitional justice conflict postconflict society s\/2004\/616 notable contribution un doctrine transitional justice highlight key issue lesson learned un experiences.9while exhaustive following section provides overview inter nationally recognized right relevant transitional justice process ddr ." }, { "ID":5, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"The Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, interna- tional human rights law, international humanitarian law, international criminal law and international refugee law provide the normative framework for transitional justice. In rec- ognition of these international instruments, transitional justice mechanisms seek to ensure compliance with the right to justice, the right to truth, the right to reparations, and the guarantees of non-repetition. Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require States to ensure punishment of specific offences.5 Furthermore, treaty bodies repeatedly found that amnesties that foreclose criminal prosecutions of gross violations of human rights violate States\u2019 obligations under these treaties. An amnesty that impeded victims\u2019 recourse to effective civil remedy would also violate this obligation.The important developments in international law and practice related to transitional justice and witnessed in the last several decades, have been reflected in the Updated Set of Principles for the protection and promotion of human rights through action to combat impunity 6 (E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1) and in the Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of the International Humanitarian Law.7 (A\/RES\/60\/147) The Updated Principles affirm the need for a comprehensive approach towards combating impunity, including investigations and prosecutions, remedies and reparations, truth seeking, and guarantees of non-repetition of violations.\u201d8 Furthermore, the 2004 Report of the Secretary General on The rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies (S\/2004\/616) is a notable contribution to the UN doctrine on transitional justice and highlights key issues and lessons learned from the UN experiences.9While not exhaustive, the following section provides an overview of some of the inter- nationally recognized rights relevant to transitional justice processes and DDR. It also offers a review of the various transitional justice measures that could be established to implement these rights.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1527, "Sentence":"It also offers a review of the various transitional justice measures that could be established to implement these rights.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice also offer review various transitional justice measure could established implement right ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.1. The right to justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require State parties to investigate, prosecute and bring to justice the perpetrators of specific offences (see also the Updated Principles, principle 19). Amnesties that foreclose prosecution of those respon- sible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights are inconsistent with States\u2019 obligations under international law10 and the UN policy. The \u201cUnited Nations-endorsed peace agreements may never promise amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights\u201d11 and the UN staff may never condone amnesties that international law condemn.States have the primary responsibility to ensure accountability for violations of inter- national human rights law and international humanitarian law and thus domestic court systems are often the preferred venue. Yet in post-conflict situations, the domestic court system is often unable or unwilling to conduct effective investigations or prosecutions. Important options are international ad hoc tribunals or hybrid courts. These judicial bodies are created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence). The creation of international or hybrid tribunals in situations where national actors are unwilling or unable to prosecute alleged perpetrators is a revolutionary step in establishing accountability for gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. For instance, the Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) provide these tribunals with jurisdiction over serious crimes under international law.The entry into force of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in 2002 was a major step forward in the history of international criminal accountability. For the first time, the world has an independent, permanent court to try individuals for the most serious crimes under international law: genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The ICC is complementary to national criminal jurisdictions. The ICC will not exercise its jurisdiction, unless the State is unwilling or unable genuinely to carry out the investigation or prosecution.12 As of July 2009, the ICC treaty had been ratified by 110 states.In addition to domestic courts, ad hoc and hybrid tribunals, and the ICC, prosecutions against individuals who have committed human rights violations and international crimes may also, in certain circumstances and depending on national laws, be pursued through the principle of \u2018universal jurisdiction\u2019. This principle is based on the notion that certain crimes are so harmful to international interests that States are entitled\u2014and even obliged\u2014 to bring proceedings against the perpetrator, regardless of the location of the crime and the nationality of the perpetrator or the victim.13", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1528, "Sentence":"Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require State parties to investigate, prosecute and bring to justice the perpetrators of specific offences (see also the Updated Principles, principle 19).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice various widely ratified human right humanitarian law treaty require state party investigate prosecute bring justice perpetrator specific offence see also updated principle principle 19 ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.1. The right to justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require State parties to investigate, prosecute and bring to justice the perpetrators of specific offences (see also the Updated Principles, principle 19). Amnesties that foreclose prosecution of those respon- sible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights are inconsistent with States\u2019 obligations under international law10 and the UN policy. The \u201cUnited Nations-endorsed peace agreements may never promise amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights\u201d11 and the UN staff may never condone amnesties that international law condemn.States have the primary responsibility to ensure accountability for violations of inter- national human rights law and international humanitarian law and thus domestic court systems are often the preferred venue. Yet in post-conflict situations, the domestic court system is often unable or unwilling to conduct effective investigations or prosecutions. Important options are international ad hoc tribunals or hybrid courts. These judicial bodies are created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence). The creation of international or hybrid tribunals in situations where national actors are unwilling or unable to prosecute alleged perpetrators is a revolutionary step in establishing accountability for gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. For instance, the Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) provide these tribunals with jurisdiction over serious crimes under international law.The entry into force of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in 2002 was a major step forward in the history of international criminal accountability. For the first time, the world has an independent, permanent court to try individuals for the most serious crimes under international law: genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The ICC is complementary to national criminal jurisdictions. The ICC will not exercise its jurisdiction, unless the State is unwilling or unable genuinely to carry out the investigation or prosecution.12 As of July 2009, the ICC treaty had been ratified by 110 states.In addition to domestic courts, ad hoc and hybrid tribunals, and the ICC, prosecutions against individuals who have committed human rights violations and international crimes may also, in certain circumstances and depending on national laws, be pursued through the principle of \u2018universal jurisdiction\u2019. This principle is based on the notion that certain crimes are so harmful to international interests that States are entitled\u2014and even obliged\u2014 to bring proceedings against the perpetrator, regardless of the location of the crime and the nationality of the perpetrator or the victim.13", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1528, "Sentence":"Amnesties that foreclose prosecution of those respon- sible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights are inconsistent with States\u2019 obligations under international law10 and the UN policy.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice amnesty foreclose prosecution respon sible genocide crime humanity war crime gross violation human right inconsistent state \u2019 obligation international law10 un policy ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.1. The right to justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require State parties to investigate, prosecute and bring to justice the perpetrators of specific offences (see also the Updated Principles, principle 19). Amnesties that foreclose prosecution of those respon- sible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights are inconsistent with States\u2019 obligations under international law10 and the UN policy. The \u201cUnited Nations-endorsed peace agreements may never promise amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights\u201d11 and the UN staff may never condone amnesties that international law condemn.States have the primary responsibility to ensure accountability for violations of inter- national human rights law and international humanitarian law and thus domestic court systems are often the preferred venue. Yet in post-conflict situations, the domestic court system is often unable or unwilling to conduct effective investigations or prosecutions. Important options are international ad hoc tribunals or hybrid courts. These judicial bodies are created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence). The creation of international or hybrid tribunals in situations where national actors are unwilling or unable to prosecute alleged perpetrators is a revolutionary step in establishing accountability for gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. For instance, the Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) provide these tribunals with jurisdiction over serious crimes under international law.The entry into force of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in 2002 was a major step forward in the history of international criminal accountability. For the first time, the world has an independent, permanent court to try individuals for the most serious crimes under international law: genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The ICC is complementary to national criminal jurisdictions. The ICC will not exercise its jurisdiction, unless the State is unwilling or unable genuinely to carry out the investigation or prosecution.12 As of July 2009, the ICC treaty had been ratified by 110 states.In addition to domestic courts, ad hoc and hybrid tribunals, and the ICC, prosecutions against individuals who have committed human rights violations and international crimes may also, in certain circumstances and depending on national laws, be pursued through the principle of \u2018universal jurisdiction\u2019. This principle is based on the notion that certain crimes are so harmful to international interests that States are entitled\u2014and even obliged\u2014 to bring proceedings against the perpetrator, regardless of the location of the crime and the nationality of the perpetrator or the victim.13", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1528, "Sentence":"The \u201cUnited Nations-endorsed peace agreements may never promise amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights\u201d11 and the UN staff may never condone amnesties that international law condemn.States have the primary responsibility to ensure accountability for violations of inter- national human rights law and international humanitarian law and thus domestic court systems are often the preferred venue.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice \u201c united nationsendorsed peace agreement may never promise amnesty genocide war crime crime humanity gross violation human right \u201d 11 un staff may never condone amnesty international law condemn.states primary responsibility ensure accountability violation inter national human right law international humanitarian law thus domestic court system often preferred venue ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.1. The right to justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require State parties to investigate, prosecute and bring to justice the perpetrators of specific offences (see also the Updated Principles, principle 19). Amnesties that foreclose prosecution of those respon- sible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights are inconsistent with States\u2019 obligations under international law10 and the UN policy. The \u201cUnited Nations-endorsed peace agreements may never promise amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights\u201d11 and the UN staff may never condone amnesties that international law condemn.States have the primary responsibility to ensure accountability for violations of inter- national human rights law and international humanitarian law and thus domestic court systems are often the preferred venue. Yet in post-conflict situations, the domestic court system is often unable or unwilling to conduct effective investigations or prosecutions. Important options are international ad hoc tribunals or hybrid courts. These judicial bodies are created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence). The creation of international or hybrid tribunals in situations where national actors are unwilling or unable to prosecute alleged perpetrators is a revolutionary step in establishing accountability for gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. For instance, the Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) provide these tribunals with jurisdiction over serious crimes under international law.The entry into force of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in 2002 was a major step forward in the history of international criminal accountability. For the first time, the world has an independent, permanent court to try individuals for the most serious crimes under international law: genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The ICC is complementary to national criminal jurisdictions. The ICC will not exercise its jurisdiction, unless the State is unwilling or unable genuinely to carry out the investigation or prosecution.12 As of July 2009, the ICC treaty had been ratified by 110 states.In addition to domestic courts, ad hoc and hybrid tribunals, and the ICC, prosecutions against individuals who have committed human rights violations and international crimes may also, in certain circumstances and depending on national laws, be pursued through the principle of \u2018universal jurisdiction\u2019. This principle is based on the notion that certain crimes are so harmful to international interests that States are entitled\u2014and even obliged\u2014 to bring proceedings against the perpetrator, regardless of the location of the crime and the nationality of the perpetrator or the victim.13", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1528, "Sentence":"Yet in post-conflict situations, the domestic court system is often unable or unwilling to conduct effective investigations or prosecutions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice yet postconflict situation domestic court system often unable unwilling conduct effective investigation prosecution ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.1. The right to justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require State parties to investigate, prosecute and bring to justice the perpetrators of specific offences (see also the Updated Principles, principle 19). Amnesties that foreclose prosecution of those respon- sible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights are inconsistent with States\u2019 obligations under international law10 and the UN policy. The \u201cUnited Nations-endorsed peace agreements may never promise amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights\u201d11 and the UN staff may never condone amnesties that international law condemn.States have the primary responsibility to ensure accountability for violations of inter- national human rights law and international humanitarian law and thus domestic court systems are often the preferred venue. Yet in post-conflict situations, the domestic court system is often unable or unwilling to conduct effective investigations or prosecutions. Important options are international ad hoc tribunals or hybrid courts. These judicial bodies are created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence). The creation of international or hybrid tribunals in situations where national actors are unwilling or unable to prosecute alleged perpetrators is a revolutionary step in establishing accountability for gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. For instance, the Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) provide these tribunals with jurisdiction over serious crimes under international law.The entry into force of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in 2002 was a major step forward in the history of international criminal accountability. For the first time, the world has an independent, permanent court to try individuals for the most serious crimes under international law: genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The ICC is complementary to national criminal jurisdictions. The ICC will not exercise its jurisdiction, unless the State is unwilling or unable genuinely to carry out the investigation or prosecution.12 As of July 2009, the ICC treaty had been ratified by 110 states.In addition to domestic courts, ad hoc and hybrid tribunals, and the ICC, prosecutions against individuals who have committed human rights violations and international crimes may also, in certain circumstances and depending on national laws, be pursued through the principle of \u2018universal jurisdiction\u2019. This principle is based on the notion that certain crimes are so harmful to international interests that States are entitled\u2014and even obliged\u2014 to bring proceedings against the perpetrator, regardless of the location of the crime and the nationality of the perpetrator or the victim.13", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1528, "Sentence":"Important options are international ad hoc tribunals or hybrid courts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice important option international ad hoc tribunal hybrid court ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.1. The right to justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require State parties to investigate, prosecute and bring to justice the perpetrators of specific offences (see also the Updated Principles, principle 19). Amnesties that foreclose prosecution of those respon- sible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights are inconsistent with States\u2019 obligations under international law10 and the UN policy. The \u201cUnited Nations-endorsed peace agreements may never promise amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights\u201d11 and the UN staff may never condone amnesties that international law condemn.States have the primary responsibility to ensure accountability for violations of inter- national human rights law and international humanitarian law and thus domestic court systems are often the preferred venue. Yet in post-conflict situations, the domestic court system is often unable or unwilling to conduct effective investigations or prosecutions. Important options are international ad hoc tribunals or hybrid courts. These judicial bodies are created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence). The creation of international or hybrid tribunals in situations where national actors are unwilling or unable to prosecute alleged perpetrators is a revolutionary step in establishing accountability for gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. For instance, the Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) provide these tribunals with jurisdiction over serious crimes under international law.The entry into force of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in 2002 was a major step forward in the history of international criminal accountability. For the first time, the world has an independent, permanent court to try individuals for the most serious crimes under international law: genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The ICC is complementary to national criminal jurisdictions. The ICC will not exercise its jurisdiction, unless the State is unwilling or unable genuinely to carry out the investigation or prosecution.12 As of July 2009, the ICC treaty had been ratified by 110 states.In addition to domestic courts, ad hoc and hybrid tribunals, and the ICC, prosecutions against individuals who have committed human rights violations and international crimes may also, in certain circumstances and depending on national laws, be pursued through the principle of \u2018universal jurisdiction\u2019. This principle is based on the notion that certain crimes are so harmful to international interests that States are entitled\u2014and even obliged\u2014 to bring proceedings against the perpetrator, regardless of the location of the crime and the nationality of the perpetrator or the victim.13", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1528, "Sentence":"These judicial bodies are created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice judicial body created address particular situation limited amount time result singular political historical circumstance ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.1. The right to justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require State parties to investigate, prosecute and bring to justice the perpetrators of specific offences (see also the Updated Principles, principle 19). Amnesties that foreclose prosecution of those respon- sible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights are inconsistent with States\u2019 obligations under international law10 and the UN policy. The \u201cUnited Nations-endorsed peace agreements may never promise amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights\u201d11 and the UN staff may never condone amnesties that international law condemn.States have the primary responsibility to ensure accountability for violations of inter- national human rights law and international humanitarian law and thus domestic court systems are often the preferred venue. Yet in post-conflict situations, the domestic court system is often unable or unwilling to conduct effective investigations or prosecutions. Important options are international ad hoc tribunals or hybrid courts. These judicial bodies are created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence). The creation of international or hybrid tribunals in situations where national actors are unwilling or unable to prosecute alleged perpetrators is a revolutionary step in establishing accountability for gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. For instance, the Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) provide these tribunals with jurisdiction over serious crimes under international law.The entry into force of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in 2002 was a major step forward in the history of international criminal accountability. For the first time, the world has an independent, permanent court to try individuals for the most serious crimes under international law: genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The ICC is complementary to national criminal jurisdictions. The ICC will not exercise its jurisdiction, unless the State is unwilling or unable genuinely to carry out the investigation or prosecution.12 As of July 2009, the ICC treaty had been ratified by 110 states.In addition to domestic courts, ad hoc and hybrid tribunals, and the ICC, prosecutions against individuals who have committed human rights violations and international crimes may also, in certain circumstances and depending on national laws, be pursued through the principle of \u2018universal jurisdiction\u2019. This principle is based on the notion that certain crimes are so harmful to international interests that States are entitled\u2014and even obliged\u2014 to bring proceedings against the perpetrator, regardless of the location of the crime and the nationality of the perpetrator or the victim.13", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1528, "Sentence":"They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice composed independent judge working basis predetermined rule procedure rendering binding decision ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.1. The right to justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require State parties to investigate, prosecute and bring to justice the perpetrators of specific offences (see also the Updated Principles, principle 19). Amnesties that foreclose prosecution of those respon- sible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights are inconsistent with States\u2019 obligations under international law10 and the UN policy. The \u201cUnited Nations-endorsed peace agreements may never promise amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights\u201d11 and the UN staff may never condone amnesties that international law condemn.States have the primary responsibility to ensure accountability for violations of inter- national human rights law and international humanitarian law and thus domestic court systems are often the preferred venue. Yet in post-conflict situations, the domestic court system is often unable or unwilling to conduct effective investigations or prosecutions. Important options are international ad hoc tribunals or hybrid courts. These judicial bodies are created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence). The creation of international or hybrid tribunals in situations where national actors are unwilling or unable to prosecute alleged perpetrators is a revolutionary step in establishing accountability for gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. For instance, the Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) provide these tribunals with jurisdiction over serious crimes under international law.The entry into force of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in 2002 was a major step forward in the history of international criminal accountability. For the first time, the world has an independent, permanent court to try individuals for the most serious crimes under international law: genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The ICC is complementary to national criminal jurisdictions. The ICC will not exercise its jurisdiction, unless the State is unwilling or unable genuinely to carry out the investigation or prosecution.12 As of July 2009, the ICC treaty had been ratified by 110 states.In addition to domestic courts, ad hoc and hybrid tribunals, and the ICC, prosecutions against individuals who have committed human rights violations and international crimes may also, in certain circumstances and depending on national laws, be pursued through the principle of \u2018universal jurisdiction\u2019. This principle is based on the notion that certain crimes are so harmful to international interests that States are entitled\u2014and even obliged\u2014 to bring proceedings against the perpetrator, regardless of the location of the crime and the nationality of the perpetrator or the victim.13", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1528, "Sentence":"They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice subject principle governing work international judiciary e.g . due process impartiality independence ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.1. The right to justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require State parties to investigate, prosecute and bring to justice the perpetrators of specific offences (see also the Updated Principles, principle 19). Amnesties that foreclose prosecution of those respon- sible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights are inconsistent with States\u2019 obligations under international law10 and the UN policy. The \u201cUnited Nations-endorsed peace agreements may never promise amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights\u201d11 and the UN staff may never condone amnesties that international law condemn.States have the primary responsibility to ensure accountability for violations of inter- national human rights law and international humanitarian law and thus domestic court systems are often the preferred venue. Yet in post-conflict situations, the domestic court system is often unable or unwilling to conduct effective investigations or prosecutions. Important options are international ad hoc tribunals or hybrid courts. These judicial bodies are created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence). The creation of international or hybrid tribunals in situations where national actors are unwilling or unable to prosecute alleged perpetrators is a revolutionary step in establishing accountability for gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. For instance, the Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) provide these tribunals with jurisdiction over serious crimes under international law.The entry into force of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in 2002 was a major step forward in the history of international criminal accountability. For the first time, the world has an independent, permanent court to try individuals for the most serious crimes under international law: genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The ICC is complementary to national criminal jurisdictions. The ICC will not exercise its jurisdiction, unless the State is unwilling or unable genuinely to carry out the investigation or prosecution.12 As of July 2009, the ICC treaty had been ratified by 110 states.In addition to domestic courts, ad hoc and hybrid tribunals, and the ICC, prosecutions against individuals who have committed human rights violations and international crimes may also, in certain circumstances and depending on national laws, be pursued through the principle of \u2018universal jurisdiction\u2019. This principle is based on the notion that certain crimes are so harmful to international interests that States are entitled\u2014and even obliged\u2014 to bring proceedings against the perpetrator, regardless of the location of the crime and the nationality of the perpetrator or the victim.13", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1528, "Sentence":"The creation of international or hybrid tribunals in situations where national actors are unwilling or unable to prosecute alleged perpetrators is a revolutionary step in establishing accountability for gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice creation international hybrid tribunal situation national actor unwilling unable prosecute alleged perpetrator revolutionary step establishing accountability gross violation international human right law serious violation international humanitarian law ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.1. The right to justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require State parties to investigate, prosecute and bring to justice the perpetrators of specific offences (see also the Updated Principles, principle 19). Amnesties that foreclose prosecution of those respon- sible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights are inconsistent with States\u2019 obligations under international law10 and the UN policy. The \u201cUnited Nations-endorsed peace agreements may never promise amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights\u201d11 and the UN staff may never condone amnesties that international law condemn.States have the primary responsibility to ensure accountability for violations of inter- national human rights law and international humanitarian law and thus domestic court systems are often the preferred venue. Yet in post-conflict situations, the domestic court system is often unable or unwilling to conduct effective investigations or prosecutions. Important options are international ad hoc tribunals or hybrid courts. These judicial bodies are created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence). The creation of international or hybrid tribunals in situations where national actors are unwilling or unable to prosecute alleged perpetrators is a revolutionary step in establishing accountability for gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. For instance, the Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) provide these tribunals with jurisdiction over serious crimes under international law.The entry into force of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in 2002 was a major step forward in the history of international criminal accountability. For the first time, the world has an independent, permanent court to try individuals for the most serious crimes under international law: genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The ICC is complementary to national criminal jurisdictions. The ICC will not exercise its jurisdiction, unless the State is unwilling or unable genuinely to carry out the investigation or prosecution.12 As of July 2009, the ICC treaty had been ratified by 110 states.In addition to domestic courts, ad hoc and hybrid tribunals, and the ICC, prosecutions against individuals who have committed human rights violations and international crimes may also, in certain circumstances and depending on national laws, be pursued through the principle of \u2018universal jurisdiction\u2019. This principle is based on the notion that certain crimes are so harmful to international interests that States are entitled\u2014and even obliged\u2014 to bring proceedings against the perpetrator, regardless of the location of the crime and the nationality of the perpetrator or the victim.13", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1528, "Sentence":"For instance, the Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) provide these tribunals with jurisdiction over serious crimes under international law.The entry into force of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in 2002 was a major step forward in the history of international criminal accountability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice instance statute international tribunal former yugoslavia icty statute international tribunal rwanda ictr statute special court sierra leone scsl provide tribunal jurisdiction serious crime international law.the entry force rome statute international criminal court 2002 major step forward history international criminal accountability ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.1. The right to justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require State parties to investigate, prosecute and bring to justice the perpetrators of specific offences (see also the Updated Principles, principle 19). Amnesties that foreclose prosecution of those respon- sible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights are inconsistent with States\u2019 obligations under international law10 and the UN policy. The \u201cUnited Nations-endorsed peace agreements may never promise amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights\u201d11 and the UN staff may never condone amnesties that international law condemn.States have the primary responsibility to ensure accountability for violations of inter- national human rights law and international humanitarian law and thus domestic court systems are often the preferred venue. Yet in post-conflict situations, the domestic court system is often unable or unwilling to conduct effective investigations or prosecutions. Important options are international ad hoc tribunals or hybrid courts. These judicial bodies are created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence). The creation of international or hybrid tribunals in situations where national actors are unwilling or unable to prosecute alleged perpetrators is a revolutionary step in establishing accountability for gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. For instance, the Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) provide these tribunals with jurisdiction over serious crimes under international law.The entry into force of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in 2002 was a major step forward in the history of international criminal accountability. For the first time, the world has an independent, permanent court to try individuals for the most serious crimes under international law: genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The ICC is complementary to national criminal jurisdictions. The ICC will not exercise its jurisdiction, unless the State is unwilling or unable genuinely to carry out the investigation or prosecution.12 As of July 2009, the ICC treaty had been ratified by 110 states.In addition to domestic courts, ad hoc and hybrid tribunals, and the ICC, prosecutions against individuals who have committed human rights violations and international crimes may also, in certain circumstances and depending on national laws, be pursued through the principle of \u2018universal jurisdiction\u2019. This principle is based on the notion that certain crimes are so harmful to international interests that States are entitled\u2014and even obliged\u2014 to bring proceedings against the perpetrator, regardless of the location of the crime and the nationality of the perpetrator or the victim.13", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1528, "Sentence":"For the first time, the world has an independent, permanent court to try individuals for the most serious crimes under international law: genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice first time world independent permanent court try individual serious crime international law genocide crime humanity war crime ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.1. The right to justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require State parties to investigate, prosecute and bring to justice the perpetrators of specific offences (see also the Updated Principles, principle 19). Amnesties that foreclose prosecution of those respon- sible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights are inconsistent with States\u2019 obligations under international law10 and the UN policy. The \u201cUnited Nations-endorsed peace agreements may never promise amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights\u201d11 and the UN staff may never condone amnesties that international law condemn.States have the primary responsibility to ensure accountability for violations of inter- national human rights law and international humanitarian law and thus domestic court systems are often the preferred venue. Yet in post-conflict situations, the domestic court system is often unable or unwilling to conduct effective investigations or prosecutions. Important options are international ad hoc tribunals or hybrid courts. These judicial bodies are created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence). The creation of international or hybrid tribunals in situations where national actors are unwilling or unable to prosecute alleged perpetrators is a revolutionary step in establishing accountability for gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. For instance, the Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) provide these tribunals with jurisdiction over serious crimes under international law.The entry into force of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in 2002 was a major step forward in the history of international criminal accountability. For the first time, the world has an independent, permanent court to try individuals for the most serious crimes under international law: genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The ICC is complementary to national criminal jurisdictions. The ICC will not exercise its jurisdiction, unless the State is unwilling or unable genuinely to carry out the investigation or prosecution.12 As of July 2009, the ICC treaty had been ratified by 110 states.In addition to domestic courts, ad hoc and hybrid tribunals, and the ICC, prosecutions against individuals who have committed human rights violations and international crimes may also, in certain circumstances and depending on national laws, be pursued through the principle of \u2018universal jurisdiction\u2019. This principle is based on the notion that certain crimes are so harmful to international interests that States are entitled\u2014and even obliged\u2014 to bring proceedings against the perpetrator, regardless of the location of the crime and the nationality of the perpetrator or the victim.13", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1528, "Sentence":"The ICC is complementary to national criminal jurisdictions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice icc complementary national criminal jurisdiction ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.1. The right to justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require State parties to investigate, prosecute and bring to justice the perpetrators of specific offences (see also the Updated Principles, principle 19). Amnesties that foreclose prosecution of those respon- sible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights are inconsistent with States\u2019 obligations under international law10 and the UN policy. The \u201cUnited Nations-endorsed peace agreements may never promise amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights\u201d11 and the UN staff may never condone amnesties that international law condemn.States have the primary responsibility to ensure accountability for violations of inter- national human rights law and international humanitarian law and thus domestic court systems are often the preferred venue. Yet in post-conflict situations, the domestic court system is often unable or unwilling to conduct effective investigations or prosecutions. Important options are international ad hoc tribunals or hybrid courts. These judicial bodies are created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence). The creation of international or hybrid tribunals in situations where national actors are unwilling or unable to prosecute alleged perpetrators is a revolutionary step in establishing accountability for gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. For instance, the Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) provide these tribunals with jurisdiction over serious crimes under international law.The entry into force of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in 2002 was a major step forward in the history of international criminal accountability. For the first time, the world has an independent, permanent court to try individuals for the most serious crimes under international law: genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The ICC is complementary to national criminal jurisdictions. The ICC will not exercise its jurisdiction, unless the State is unwilling or unable genuinely to carry out the investigation or prosecution.12 As of July 2009, the ICC treaty had been ratified by 110 states.In addition to domestic courts, ad hoc and hybrid tribunals, and the ICC, prosecutions against individuals who have committed human rights violations and international crimes may also, in certain circumstances and depending on national laws, be pursued through the principle of \u2018universal jurisdiction\u2019. This principle is based on the notion that certain crimes are so harmful to international interests that States are entitled\u2014and even obliged\u2014 to bring proceedings against the perpetrator, regardless of the location of the crime and the nationality of the perpetrator or the victim.13", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1528, "Sentence":"The ICC will not exercise its jurisdiction, unless the State is unwilling or unable genuinely to carry out the investigation or prosecution.12 As of July 2009, the ICC treaty had been ratified by 110 states.In addition to domestic courts, ad hoc and hybrid tribunals, and the ICC, prosecutions against individuals who have committed human rights violations and international crimes may also, in certain circumstances and depending on national laws, be pursued through the principle of \u2018universal jurisdiction\u2019.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice icc exercise jurisdiction unless state unwilling unable genuinely carry investigation prosecution.12 july 2009 icc treaty ratified 110 states.in addition domestic court ad hoc hybrid tribunal icc prosecution individual committed human right violation international crime may also certain circumstance depending national law pursued principle \u2018 universal jurisdiction \u2019 ." }, { "ID":6, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.1. The right to justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":5, "Paragraph":"Various widely ratified human rights and humanitarian law treaties require State parties to investigate, prosecute and bring to justice the perpetrators of specific offences (see also the Updated Principles, principle 19). Amnesties that foreclose prosecution of those respon- sible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or gross violations of human rights are inconsistent with States\u2019 obligations under international law10 and the UN policy. The \u201cUnited Nations-endorsed peace agreements may never promise amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights\u201d11 and the UN staff may never condone amnesties that international law condemn.States have the primary responsibility to ensure accountability for violations of inter- national human rights law and international humanitarian law and thus domestic court systems are often the preferred venue. Yet in post-conflict situations, the domestic court system is often unable or unwilling to conduct effective investigations or prosecutions. Important options are international ad hoc tribunals or hybrid courts. These judicial bodies are created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence). The creation of international or hybrid tribunals in situations where national actors are unwilling or unable to prosecute alleged perpetrators is a revolutionary step in establishing accountability for gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. For instance, the Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) provide these tribunals with jurisdiction over serious crimes under international law.The entry into force of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in 2002 was a major step forward in the history of international criminal accountability. For the first time, the world has an independent, permanent court to try individuals for the most serious crimes under international law: genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The ICC is complementary to national criminal jurisdictions. The ICC will not exercise its jurisdiction, unless the State is unwilling or unable genuinely to carry out the investigation or prosecution.12 As of July 2009, the ICC treaty had been ratified by 110 states.In addition to domestic courts, ad hoc and hybrid tribunals, and the ICC, prosecutions against individuals who have committed human rights violations and international crimes may also, in certain circumstances and depending on national laws, be pursued through the principle of \u2018universal jurisdiction\u2019. This principle is based on the notion that certain crimes are so harmful to international interests that States are entitled\u2014and even obliged\u2014 to bring proceedings against the perpetrator, regardless of the location of the crime and the nationality of the perpetrator or the victim.13", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1528, "Sentence":"This principle is based on the notion that certain crimes are so harmful to international interests that States are entitled\u2014and even obliged\u2014 to bring proceedings against the perpetrator, regardless of the location of the crime and the nationality of the perpetrator or the victim.13", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice principle based notion certain crime harmful international interest state entitled\u2014and even obliged\u2014 bring proceeding perpetrator regardless location crime nationality perpetrator victim.13" }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.2. The right to the truth", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"There has been a growing recognition that both individual victims and society as a whole have the right to know the truth about past violations, and the State has responsibility in giving effect to this right. The Updated Principles emphasize that States must take appropri- ate measures to give effect to the right to know the truth. This may include non-judicial processes such as truth commissions that complement the role of the judiciary. Regardless of whether a State establishes such a body, it must ensure the preservation of archives and other information relevant to exercising the right to know about past violations. The Updated Principles also emphasize the importance of the participation of victims and other citizens, and specifically women and minorities, in the truth-seeking process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1529, "Sentence":"There has been a growing recognition that both individual victims and society as a whole have the right to know the truth about past violations, and the State has responsibility in giving effect to this right.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice growing recognition individual victim society whole right know truth past violation state responsibility giving effect right ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.2. The right to the truth", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"There has been a growing recognition that both individual victims and society as a whole have the right to know the truth about past violations, and the State has responsibility in giving effect to this right. The Updated Principles emphasize that States must take appropri- ate measures to give effect to the right to know the truth. This may include non-judicial processes such as truth commissions that complement the role of the judiciary. Regardless of whether a State establishes such a body, it must ensure the preservation of archives and other information relevant to exercising the right to know about past violations. The Updated Principles also emphasize the importance of the participation of victims and other citizens, and specifically women and minorities, in the truth-seeking process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1529, "Sentence":"The Updated Principles emphasize that States must take appropri- ate measures to give effect to the right to know the truth.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice updated principle emphasize state must take appropri ate measure give effect right know truth ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.2. The right to the truth", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"There has been a growing recognition that both individual victims and society as a whole have the right to know the truth about past violations, and the State has responsibility in giving effect to this right. The Updated Principles emphasize that States must take appropri- ate measures to give effect to the right to know the truth. This may include non-judicial processes such as truth commissions that complement the role of the judiciary. Regardless of whether a State establishes such a body, it must ensure the preservation of archives and other information relevant to exercising the right to know about past violations. The Updated Principles also emphasize the importance of the participation of victims and other citizens, and specifically women and minorities, in the truth-seeking process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1529, "Sentence":"This may include non-judicial processes such as truth commissions that complement the role of the judiciary.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice may include nonjudicial process truth commission complement role judiciary ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.2. The right to the truth", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"There has been a growing recognition that both individual victims and society as a whole have the right to know the truth about past violations, and the State has responsibility in giving effect to this right. The Updated Principles emphasize that States must take appropri- ate measures to give effect to the right to know the truth. This may include non-judicial processes such as truth commissions that complement the role of the judiciary. Regardless of whether a State establishes such a body, it must ensure the preservation of archives and other information relevant to exercising the right to know about past violations. The Updated Principles also emphasize the importance of the participation of victims and other citizens, and specifically women and minorities, in the truth-seeking process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1529, "Sentence":"Regardless of whether a State establishes such a body, it must ensure the preservation of archives and other information relevant to exercising the right to know about past violations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice regardless whether state establishes body must ensure preservation archive information relevant exercising right know past violation ." }, { "ID":7, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.2. The right to the truth", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"There has been a growing recognition that both individual victims and society as a whole have the right to know the truth about past violations, and the State has responsibility in giving effect to this right. The Updated Principles emphasize that States must take appropri- ate measures to give effect to the right to know the truth. This may include non-judicial processes such as truth commissions that complement the role of the judiciary. Regardless of whether a State establishes such a body, it must ensure the preservation of archives and other information relevant to exercising the right to know about past violations. The Updated Principles also emphasize the importance of the participation of victims and other citizens, and specifically women and minorities, in the truth-seeking process.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1529, "Sentence":"The Updated Principles also emphasize the importance of the participation of victims and other citizens, and specifically women and minorities, in the truth-seeking process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice updated principle also emphasize importance participation victim citizen specifically woman minority truthseeking process ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.3. The right to reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Victims of gross violations of human rights and serious violations of international humani- tarian law are entitled to a remedy, including reparations. The Basic Principles and Guide- lines14 provide that \u201ca State shall provide reparation to victims for acts or omissions which may be attributed to the State and constitute gross violations of international human rights law or serious violations of international humanitarian law.\u201d15 Moreover, \u201cStates should endeavor to establish national programmes for reparation and other assistance to victims in the event that the parties liable for the harm suffered are unable or unwilling to meet their obligations.\u201d16 Reparations may include the following forms of redress: restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition.17", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1530, "Sentence":"Victims of gross violations of human rights and serious violations of international humani- tarian law are entitled to a remedy, including reparations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice victim gross violation human right serious violation international humani tarian law entitled remedy including reparation ." }, { "ID":8, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.3. The right to reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":6, "Paragraph":"Victims of gross violations of human rights and serious violations of international humani- tarian law are entitled to a remedy, including reparations. The Basic Principles and Guide- lines14 provide that \u201ca State shall provide reparation to victims for acts or omissions which may be attributed to the State and constitute gross violations of international human rights law or serious violations of international humanitarian law.\u201d15 Moreover, \u201cStates should endeavor to establish national programmes for reparation and other assistance to victims in the event that the parties liable for the harm suffered are unable or unwilling to meet their obligations.\u201d16 Reparations may include the following forms of redress: restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition.17", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1530, "Sentence":"The Basic Principles and Guide- lines14 provide that \u201ca State shall provide reparation to victims for acts or omissions which may be attributed to the State and constitute gross violations of international human rights law or serious violations of international humanitarian law.\u201d15 Moreover, \u201cStates should endeavor to establish national programmes for reparation and other assistance to victims in the event that the parties liable for the harm suffered are unable or unwilling to meet their obligations.\u201d16 Reparations may include the following forms of redress: restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition.17", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice basic principle guide lines14 provide \u201c state shall provide reparation victim act omission may attributed state constitute gross violation international human right law serious violation international humanitarian law. \u201d 15 moreover \u201c state endeavor establish national programme reparation assistance victim event party liable harm suffered unable unwilling meet obligations. \u201d 16 reparation may include following form redress restitution compensation rehabilitation satisfaction guarantee nonrepetition.17" }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.4. Guarantees of non-repetition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The Updated Principles contribute to a normative framework for institutional reform, one of the most important means of guaranteeing that the systemic violation of human rights will not be repeated. They observe that \u201c[S]tates must take all necessary measures, includ- ing legislative and administrative reforms, to ensure that public institutions are organised in a manner that ensures respect for the rule of law and protection of human rights.\u201d18 To this extent, civilian control of military and security forces, as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. At the same time, public officials and employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should not continue to serve in State institu- tions.19 Vetting processes have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. They aim to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions.20 Their removal should comply with requirements of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.21", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1531, "Sentence":"The Updated Principles contribute to a normative framework for institutional reform, one of the most important means of guaranteeing that the systemic violation of human rights will not be repeated.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice updated principle contribute normative framework institutional reform one important mean guaranteeing systemic violation human right repeated ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.4. Guarantees of non-repetition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The Updated Principles contribute to a normative framework for institutional reform, one of the most important means of guaranteeing that the systemic violation of human rights will not be repeated. They observe that \u201c[S]tates must take all necessary measures, includ- ing legislative and administrative reforms, to ensure that public institutions are organised in a manner that ensures respect for the rule of law and protection of human rights.\u201d18 To this extent, civilian control of military and security forces, as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. At the same time, public officials and employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should not continue to serve in State institu- tions.19 Vetting processes have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. They aim to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions.20 Their removal should comply with requirements of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.21", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1531, "Sentence":"They observe that \u201c[S]tates must take all necessary measures, includ- ing legislative and administrative reforms, to ensure that public institutions are organised in a manner that ensures respect for the rule of law and protection of human rights.\u201d18 To this extent, civilian control of military and security forces, as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice observe \u201c state must take necessary measure includ ing legislative administrative reform ensure public institution organised manner ensures respect rule law protection human rights. \u201d 18 extent civilian control military security force well intelligence agency must ensured necessary established restored ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.4. Guarantees of non-repetition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The Updated Principles contribute to a normative framework for institutional reform, one of the most important means of guaranteeing that the systemic violation of human rights will not be repeated. They observe that \u201c[S]tates must take all necessary measures, includ- ing legislative and administrative reforms, to ensure that public institutions are organised in a manner that ensures respect for the rule of law and protection of human rights.\u201d18 To this extent, civilian control of military and security forces, as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. At the same time, public officials and employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should not continue to serve in State institu- tions.19 Vetting processes have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. They aim to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions.20 Their removal should comply with requirements of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.21", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1531, "Sentence":"At the same time, public officials and employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should not continue to serve in State institu- tions.19 Vetting processes have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice time public official employee personally responsible gross violation human right serious crime international law particular involved military security police intelligence judicial sector continue serve state institu tions.19 vetting process important aspect institutional reform country transition ." }, { "ID":9, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"5. International legal framework for transitional justice", "Heading2":"5.4. Guarantees of non-repetition", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"The Updated Principles contribute to a normative framework for institutional reform, one of the most important means of guaranteeing that the systemic violation of human rights will not be repeated. They observe that \u201c[S]tates must take all necessary measures, includ- ing legislative and administrative reforms, to ensure that public institutions are organised in a manner that ensures respect for the rule of law and protection of human rights.\u201d18 To this extent, civilian control of military and security forces, as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. At the same time, public officials and employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should not continue to serve in State institu- tions.19 Vetting processes have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. They aim to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions.20 Their removal should comply with requirements of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.21", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1531, "Sentence":"They aim to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions.20 Their removal should comply with requirements of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.21", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice aim exclude individual public service whose previous conduct incompatible holding public position view reestablishing civic trust relegitimize public institutions.20 removal comply requirement due process law principle nondiscrimination.21" }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Do no harm: A first step in creating a constructive relationship between DDR and transitional justice is to understand how transitional justice and DDR can interact in ways that, at a minimum, do not obstruct their respective objectives of accountability and reconciliation and maintenance of peace and security. \\n Balanced approaches: While the imperative to maintain peace and security often de- mands a specific focus on ex-combatants in the short-term, long-term strategies should aim to provide reintegration opportunities to all war-affected populations, including victims.22 \\n Respect for international human rights law: DDR programmes shall respect and promote international human rights law. This includes supporting ways of preventing reprisal or discrimination against, or stigmatization of those who participate in DDR programmes as well as to protect the rights of the communities that are asked to receive ex-combatants, and members of the society at large. DDR processes shall provide for a commitment to gender, age and disability specific principles and shall comply with principles of non-discrimination. \\n Respect for international humanitarian law: DDR programmes shall respect and promote international humanitarian law, including the humane treatment of persons no longer actively engaged in combat. United Nations Peacekeeping Forces, includ- ing military members involved in administrative DDR programmes, are also subject to the fundamental principles and rules of international humanitarian law, and in cases of violation, are subject to prosecution in their national courts.23", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1532, "Sentence":"Do no harm: A first step in creating a constructive relationship between DDR and transitional justice is to understand how transitional justice and DDR can interact in ways that, at a minimum, do not obstruct their respective objectives of accountability and reconciliation and maintenance of peace and security.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice harm first step creating constructive relationship ddr transitional justice understand transitional justice ddr interact way minimum obstruct respective objective accountability reconciliation maintenance peace security ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Do no harm: A first step in creating a constructive relationship between DDR and transitional justice is to understand how transitional justice and DDR can interact in ways that, at a minimum, do not obstruct their respective objectives of accountability and reconciliation and maintenance of peace and security. \\n Balanced approaches: While the imperative to maintain peace and security often de- mands a specific focus on ex-combatants in the short-term, long-term strategies should aim to provide reintegration opportunities to all war-affected populations, including victims.22 \\n Respect for international human rights law: DDR programmes shall respect and promote international human rights law. This includes supporting ways of preventing reprisal or discrimination against, or stigmatization of those who participate in DDR programmes as well as to protect the rights of the communities that are asked to receive ex-combatants, and members of the society at large. DDR processes shall provide for a commitment to gender, age and disability specific principles and shall comply with principles of non-discrimination. \\n Respect for international humanitarian law: DDR programmes shall respect and promote international humanitarian law, including the humane treatment of persons no longer actively engaged in combat. United Nations Peacekeeping Forces, includ- ing military members involved in administrative DDR programmes, are also subject to the fundamental principles and rules of international humanitarian law, and in cases of violation, are subject to prosecution in their national courts.23", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1532, "Sentence":"\\n Balanced approaches: While the imperative to maintain peace and security often de- mands a specific focus on ex-combatants in the short-term, long-term strategies should aim to provide reintegration opportunities to all war-affected populations, including victims.22 \\n Respect for international human rights law: DDR programmes shall respect and promote international human rights law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n balanced approach imperative maintain peace security often de mands specific focus excombatants shortterm longterm strategy aim provide reintegration opportunity waraffected population including victims.22 n respect international human right law ddr programme shall respect promote international human right law ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Do no harm: A first step in creating a constructive relationship between DDR and transitional justice is to understand how transitional justice and DDR can interact in ways that, at a minimum, do not obstruct their respective objectives of accountability and reconciliation and maintenance of peace and security. \\n Balanced approaches: While the imperative to maintain peace and security often de- mands a specific focus on ex-combatants in the short-term, long-term strategies should aim to provide reintegration opportunities to all war-affected populations, including victims.22 \\n Respect for international human rights law: DDR programmes shall respect and promote international human rights law. This includes supporting ways of preventing reprisal or discrimination against, or stigmatization of those who participate in DDR programmes as well as to protect the rights of the communities that are asked to receive ex-combatants, and members of the society at large. DDR processes shall provide for a commitment to gender, age and disability specific principles and shall comply with principles of non-discrimination. \\n Respect for international humanitarian law: DDR programmes shall respect and promote international humanitarian law, including the humane treatment of persons no longer actively engaged in combat. United Nations Peacekeeping Forces, includ- ing military members involved in administrative DDR programmes, are also subject to the fundamental principles and rules of international humanitarian law, and in cases of violation, are subject to prosecution in their national courts.23", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1532, "Sentence":"This includes supporting ways of preventing reprisal or discrimination against, or stigmatization of those who participate in DDR programmes as well as to protect the rights of the communities that are asked to receive ex-combatants, and members of the society at large.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice includes supporting way preventing reprisal discrimination stigmatization participate ddr programme well protect right community asked receive excombatants member society large ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Do no harm: A first step in creating a constructive relationship between DDR and transitional justice is to understand how transitional justice and DDR can interact in ways that, at a minimum, do not obstruct their respective objectives of accountability and reconciliation and maintenance of peace and security. \\n Balanced approaches: While the imperative to maintain peace and security often de- mands a specific focus on ex-combatants in the short-term, long-term strategies should aim to provide reintegration opportunities to all war-affected populations, including victims.22 \\n Respect for international human rights law: DDR programmes shall respect and promote international human rights law. This includes supporting ways of preventing reprisal or discrimination against, or stigmatization of those who participate in DDR programmes as well as to protect the rights of the communities that are asked to receive ex-combatants, and members of the society at large. DDR processes shall provide for a commitment to gender, age and disability specific principles and shall comply with principles of non-discrimination. \\n Respect for international humanitarian law: DDR programmes shall respect and promote international humanitarian law, including the humane treatment of persons no longer actively engaged in combat. United Nations Peacekeeping Forces, includ- ing military members involved in administrative DDR programmes, are also subject to the fundamental principles and rules of international humanitarian law, and in cases of violation, are subject to prosecution in their national courts.23", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1532, "Sentence":"DDR processes shall provide for a commitment to gender, age and disability specific principles and shall comply with principles of non-discrimination.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr process shall provide commitment gender age disability specific principle shall comply principle nondiscrimination ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Do no harm: A first step in creating a constructive relationship between DDR and transitional justice is to understand how transitional justice and DDR can interact in ways that, at a minimum, do not obstruct their respective objectives of accountability and reconciliation and maintenance of peace and security. \\n Balanced approaches: While the imperative to maintain peace and security often de- mands a specific focus on ex-combatants in the short-term, long-term strategies should aim to provide reintegration opportunities to all war-affected populations, including victims.22 \\n Respect for international human rights law: DDR programmes shall respect and promote international human rights law. This includes supporting ways of preventing reprisal or discrimination against, or stigmatization of those who participate in DDR programmes as well as to protect the rights of the communities that are asked to receive ex-combatants, and members of the society at large. DDR processes shall provide for a commitment to gender, age and disability specific principles and shall comply with principles of non-discrimination. \\n Respect for international humanitarian law: DDR programmes shall respect and promote international humanitarian law, including the humane treatment of persons no longer actively engaged in combat. United Nations Peacekeeping Forces, includ- ing military members involved in administrative DDR programmes, are also subject to the fundamental principles and rules of international humanitarian law, and in cases of violation, are subject to prosecution in their national courts.23", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1532, "Sentence":"\\n Respect for international humanitarian law: DDR programmes shall respect and promote international humanitarian law, including the humane treatment of persons no longer actively engaged in combat.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n respect international humanitarian law ddr programme shall respect promote international humanitarian law including humane treatment person longer actively engaged combat ." }, { "ID":10, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"6. Guiding principles", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"Do no harm: A first step in creating a constructive relationship between DDR and transitional justice is to understand how transitional justice and DDR can interact in ways that, at a minimum, do not obstruct their respective objectives of accountability and reconciliation and maintenance of peace and security. \\n Balanced approaches: While the imperative to maintain peace and security often de- mands a specific focus on ex-combatants in the short-term, long-term strategies should aim to provide reintegration opportunities to all war-affected populations, including victims.22 \\n Respect for international human rights law: DDR programmes shall respect and promote international human rights law. This includes supporting ways of preventing reprisal or discrimination against, or stigmatization of those who participate in DDR programmes as well as to protect the rights of the communities that are asked to receive ex-combatants, and members of the society at large. DDR processes shall provide for a commitment to gender, age and disability specific principles and shall comply with principles of non-discrimination. \\n Respect for international humanitarian law: DDR programmes shall respect and promote international humanitarian law, including the humane treatment of persons no longer actively engaged in combat. United Nations Peacekeeping Forces, includ- ing military members involved in administrative DDR programmes, are also subject to the fundamental principles and rules of international humanitarian law, and in cases of violation, are subject to prosecution in their national courts.23", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1532, "Sentence":"United Nations Peacekeeping Forces, includ- ing military members involved in administrative DDR programmes, are also subject to the fundamental principles and rules of international humanitarian law, and in cases of violation, are subject to prosecution in their national courts.23", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice united nation peacekeeping force includ ing military member involved administrative ddr programme also subject fundamental principle rule international humanitarian law case violation subject prosecution national courts.23" }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"This section provides an overview of how DDR programmes may relate to transitional jus- tice measures, including prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations, institutional reform, and locally-based justice processes. The section also explores how DDR and transitional justice measures address issues concerning women and children associated with armed groups and forces. The section identifies potential positive and negative aspects of these relationships in order to provide an informed basis for future strategies that aim to minimize tensions and build on opportunities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1533, "Sentence":"This section provides an overview of how DDR programmes may relate to transitional jus- tice measures, including prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations, institutional reform, and locally-based justice processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice section provides overview ddr programme may relate transitional jus tice measure including prosecution truth commission reparation institutional reform locallybased justice process ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"This section provides an overview of how DDR programmes may relate to transitional jus- tice measures, including prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations, institutional reform, and locally-based justice processes. The section also explores how DDR and transitional justice measures address issues concerning women and children associated with armed groups and forces. The section identifies potential positive and negative aspects of these relationships in order to provide an informed basis for future strategies that aim to minimize tensions and build on opportunities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1533, "Sentence":"The section also explores how DDR and transitional justice measures address issues concerning women and children associated with armed groups and forces.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice section also explores ddr transitional justice measure address issue concerning woman child associated armed group force ." }, { "ID":11, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":7, "Paragraph":"This section provides an overview of how DDR programmes may relate to transitional jus- tice measures, including prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations, institutional reform, and locally-based justice processes. The section also explores how DDR and transitional justice measures address issues concerning women and children associated with armed groups and forces. The section identifies potential positive and negative aspects of these relationships in order to provide an informed basis for future strategies that aim to minimize tensions and build on opportunities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1533, "Sentence":"The section identifies potential positive and negative aspects of these relationships in order to provide an informed basis for future strategies that aim to minimize tensions and build on opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice section identifies potential positive negative aspect relationship order provide informed basis future strategy aim minimize tension build opportunity ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice criminal investigation ddr potentially important synergy ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice particular infor mation gathered ddr process may useful criminal investigation ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice information need personspecific might focus general issue structure area operation.since criminal justice initiative postconflict situation would often able deal relatively small number suspect prosecution strategy ought focus bearing greatest degree responsibility crime committed ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice objective must effectively communicated context ddr process ensure participating ddr understand whether likely face prosecution ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice prosecution make positive contribution ddr ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice first general level ddr process stand gain distinction excombatants perpetrator human right violation firmly established ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice obviously excombatants human right violator ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice distinction criminal prosecution make contribution prosecution may serve individualize guilt specific perpetrator therefore lessen public perception excombatants guilty serious crime international law ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice second prosecution effort may remove spoiler potential spoiler threatening ddr process ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice prosecution may remove obstacle demo bilization vast number combatant would ready cease hostility presence recalcitrant commander ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice successful prosecutorial strategy transitional justice context requires clear transparent publicized criminal policy indicating kind case prosecuted kind case dealt alternative manner ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice importantly prosecution may foster trust reintegration process enhance prospect trust building excombatants citizen pro viding community assurance asked admit back midst include perpetrator serious crime international law ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice pursuit accountability prosecution may also create tension ddr effort ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice process overlap prosecution instigated early ddr process tension prosecution ddr stemming fact ddr requires cooperation excombatants leader prosecutor seek hold accountable responsible criminal conduct involving violation international humanitarian law human right law may hard avoid ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice tension may dimin ished effective communication campaign ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice misinformation partial information prosecution effort may contribute tension ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice excombatants often unin formed mandate prosecution process unaware basic tenet international law ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice liberia example confusion whether mandate special court sierra leone covered crime committed liberia initially inhibited fighter entering ddr process.while concern deserve careful consideration number con text ddr process coexisted prosecutorial effort latter created impediment ddr ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice situation transitional justice measure ddr programme connected sort conditionality ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice example case combatant committed crime offered judicial benefit exchange disarming demobilizing providing information collaborating dismantling group belong ." }, { "ID":12, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.1. Criminal investigations and prosecutions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":8, "Paragraph":"Criminal investigations and DDR have potentially important synergies. In particular, infor- mation gathered through DDR processes may be very useful for criminal investigations. Such information does not need to be person-specific, but might focus on more general issues such as structures and areas of operation.Since criminal justice initiatives in post-conflict situations would often only be able to deal with a relatively small number of suspects, most prosecutions strategies ought to focus on those bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for crimes committed. As such, these objectives must be effectively communicated in a context of DDR processes to ensure that those participating in DDR understand whether or not they are likely to face prosecutions. Prosecutions can make positive contributions to DDR. First, at the most general level, a DDR process stands to gain if the distinction between ex-combatants and perpetrators of human rights violations can be firmly established. Obviously, not all ex-combatants are human rights violators. This is a distinction to which criminal prosecutions can make a contribution: prosecutions may serve to individualize the guilt of specific perpetrators and therefore lessen the public perception that all ex-combatants are guilty of serious crimes under international law. Second, prosecution efforts may remove spoilers and potential spoilers from threatening the DDR process. Prosecutions may remove obstacles to the demo- bilization of vast numbers of combatants that would be ready to cease hostilities but for the presence of recalcitrant commanders. A successful prosecutorial strategy in a transitional justice context requires a clear, transparent and publicized criminal policy indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted and what kind of cases will be dealt with in an alternative manner. Most importantly, prosecutions may foster trust in the reintegration process and enhance the prospects for trust building between ex-combatants and other citizens by pro- viding communities with some assurance that those whom they are asked to admit back into their midst do not include the perpetrators of serious crimes under international law. The pursuit of accountability through prosecutions may also create tensions with DDR efforts. When these processes overlap, or when prosecutions are instigated early in a DDR process, some tension between prosecutions and DDR, stemming from the fact that DDR requires the cooperation of ex-combatants and their leaders, while prosecutors seek to hold accountable those responsible for criminal conduct involving violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law, may be hard to avoid. This tension may be dimin- ished by effective communications campaigns. Misinformation or partial information about prosecutions efforts may further contribute to this tension. Ex-combatants are often unin- formed of the mandate of a prosecutions process and are unaware of the basic tenets of international law. In Liberia, for example, confusion about whether or not the mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone covered crimes committed in Liberia initially inhibited some fighters from entering the DDR process.While these concerns deserve careful consideration, there have been a number of con- texts in which DDR processes have coexisted with prosecutorial efforts, and the latter have not created an impediment to DDR. In some situations, transitional justice measures and DDR programmes have been connected through some sort of conditionality. For example, there have been cases where combatants who have committed crimes have been offered judicial benefits in exchange for disarming, demobilizing and providing information or collaborating in dismantling the group to which they belong. There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1534, "Sentence":"There are, however, serious concerns about whether such measures comply with the international legal obligations to ensure that perpetrators of serious crimes are subject to appropriate criminal process, that victims\u2019 and societies\u2019 right to the truth is fully realized, and that victims receive an effective remedy and reparation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice however serious concern whether measure comply international legal obligation ensure perpetrator serious crime subject appropriate criminal process victim \u2019 society \u2019 right truth fully realized victim receive effective remedy reparation ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice truth commission seek provide society evenhanded account cause consequence armed conflict ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice report created truth commission may provide recommendation reform reparation well case recommendation judicial proceeding ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice truth commission may demonstrate victim victimized community willingness acknowledge address past injustice ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice may also pro vide strategy peacebuilding case comprehensive report truth reconciliation commission trc sierra leone.excombatants may hold varying view truth commission ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice avoid entirely refusing acknowledge victim harm caused mem bers armed force group ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice others may regard truth commission opportunity tell side story apologize ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice accompanied appropriate public infor mation outreach initiative including tailored response incamera hearing survivor sexual violence may help break rigid representation victim perpetrator allowing excombatants tell story victimization exploring identifying root violent conflict ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice le positively excombatants may perceive truth commission threat example case name indi vidual perpetrator made public.more often truth commission perceived initiative victim partici pation demobilized combatant minimal even situation excombatants experienced victimization ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice example south africa excombatant participation trc limited primarily amnesty hearings\u2014relatively made statement victim abuse given chance testify victim \u2019 hearing ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice excombatants later expressed sense left process ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice child also opportunity voluntarily participate truth commission ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice treated equally witness victims.in least one case truth commission played direct role reintegrating former combatant promoting reconciliation ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice commission reception truth rec onciliation east timor included process community reconciliation committed \u2018 le serious crime \u2019 including member militia ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice community recon ciliation process voluntary process combined \u201c practice traditional justice arbitration mediation aspect criminal civil law. \u201d 24 community hearing perpetrator asked explain participation armed conflict ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice victim member community allowed ask question make comment ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice finally panel local leader worked perpetrator victim come agreement kind reparation\u2014often form community service\u2014that guilty party could provide exchange acceptance back community.25box 2 sierra leone case study ddr context hybrid tribunal truth reconciliation commission n post conflict situation sierra leone distinctive ddr process national transitional justice initiative implemented closely coexistence truth commission criminal tribunal ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice lom\u00e9 peace agreement stipulated mandate ddr truth reconciliation commission trc formal link however made two process peace document practice ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice disarmament demobilization largely successful sierra leone yet research suggests lack accountability negative impact reintegration certain excombatants ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice excombatants armed faction known committed abuse civilian population faced difficulty reintegration others ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n lom\u00e9 accord 1999 included cessation hostility initiation ddr program inclusion rebel force revolutionary united front ruf government blanket amnesty combatant ddr fighter ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice signing accord representative secretary general united nation un peace negotiation included disclaimer stating un understood amnesty pardon provided agreement would cover international crime genocide crime humanity serious crime international humanitarian law ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice active effort civil society leader sierra leone well international advocate lom\u00e9 accord also mandated truth reconciliation commission human right commission ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"\\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n progress made lom\u00e9 shattered may 2000 fighting resumed capital city freetown ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice peace process put back track reinforcement un peacekeeping mission increased mediation effort resulting signing abuja protocol 2001 ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice abuja protocol also marked abrupt change national approach accountability justice ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice government formally requested un \u2019 assistance establish court try member ruf involved war crime ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice un supported initiative special court sierra leone scsl set august 2002 mandate try bear greatest responsibility atrocity committed sierra leone ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"\\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n ddr closing phase scsl trc established ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice party lom\u00e9 peace agreement including national government ruf backed establishment trc began operation 2002 ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice scsl stoked fear among excombatants possible criminal prosecution great deal hope trc would provide effective essential mechanism promoting reconciliation ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"\\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n although first concurrence tribunal truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding civil society effort provide information excombatants successful increasing latter understanding separate mandate institution ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice support trc amongst excombatants rose 53 85 per cent excombatants understood design purpose believed would bring reconciliation rose 52 84 per cent ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice excombatants admitted human right violation trc offered opportunity take responsibility action ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice according one report \u201c want confess trc think enable return communities. \u201d n excerpted gibril sesay mohamed suma \u201c ddr transitional justice sierra leone \u201d case study ddr transitional justice new york international center transitional justice forthcoming ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"\\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n jeremy weinstein macartan humphreys disentangling determinant successful demobilization reintegration working paper ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice 69 washington dc center global development 2005 ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"\\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n postconflict reintegration initiative development empowerment pride ictj \u201c excombatants view truth reconciliation commission special court sierra leone \u201d september 2002 ." }, { "ID":13, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.2. Truth commissions", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":9, "Paragraph":"Truth commissions seek to provide societies with an even-handed account of the causes and consequences of armed conflict. The reports created by truth commissions may provide recommendations for reform and reparation as well as, in a few cases, recommendations for judicial proceedings. Truth commissions may demonstrate to victims and victimized communities a willingness to acknowledge and address past injustices. They may also pro- vide a strategy for peacebuilding; such is the case with the comprehensive report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone.Ex-combatants may hold varying views of truth commissions. Some will avoid them entirely, refusing to acknowledge victims or the harm caused by themselves or other mem- bers of armed forces and groups. Others may regard truth commissions as an opportunity to tell their side of the story and to apologize. Accompanied by appropriate public infor- mation and outreach initiatives, including tailored responses such as in-camera hearings for survivors of sexual violence, they may help break down rigid representations of victims and perpetrators by allowing ex-combatants to tell their own stories of victimization and by exploring and identifying the roots of violent conflict. Less positively, ex-combatants may perceive truth commissions as a threat, for example in cases where the names of indi- vidual perpetrators are made public.More often truth commissions are perceived as initiatives for victims and the partici- pation of demobilized combatants is minimal, even in situations where ex-combatants have experienced victimization. For example, in South Africa, ex-combatant participation in the TRC was limited primarily to the amnesty hearings\u2014relatively few made statements as victims of abuse or were given a chance to testify at victims\u2019 hearings. Ex-combatants later expressed a sense that they had been left out of the process. Children should also have an opportunity to, voluntarily, participate in truth commissions. They should be treated equally as witnesses or victims.In at least one case a truth commission has played a direct role in reintegrating former combatants and promoting reconciliation. The Commission for Reception, Truth and Rec- onciliation in East Timor included a process of community reconciliation for those who had committed \u2018less serious crimes\u2019, including members of militias. The Community Recon- ciliation Process was a voluntary process that combined \u201cpractices of traditional justice, arbitration, mediation and aspects of both criminal and civil law.\u201d24 In community hearings, the perpetrators were asked to explain their participation in the armed conflict. Victims and other members of the community were allowed to ask questions and make comments. Finally, a panel of local leaders worked with the perpetrators and the victims to come to an agreement on some kind of reparation\u2014often in the form of community service\u2014that the guilty party could provide in exchange for acceptance back into the community.25Box 2 Sierra Leone case study: DDR in the context of a hybrid tribunal and a truth and reconciliation commission* \\n The post conflict situation in Sierra Leone was distinctive in that the DDR process and the national transitional justice initiatives were implemented very closely after each other, and because of the co-existence of both a truth commission and a criminal tribunal. The Lom\u00e9 Peace Agreement stipulated the mandates for DDR and for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), no formal links, however, were made between the two processes in the peace document or in practice. Disarmament and demobilization was largely successful in Sierra Leone, yet some research suggests that the lack of accountability had a negative impact on the reintegration of certain ex-combatants. Ex-combatants of armed factions that were known to have committed abuses against the civilian population have faced more difficulties in reintegration than others.** \\n The Lom\u00e9 Accord of 1999 included a cessation of hostilities, the initiation of a DDR program, inclusion of the rebel force the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in government, a blanket amnesty for all combatants, and DDR for fighters. During the signing of the Accord, the representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) to the peace negotiations included a disclaimer stating that the UN understood that the amnesty and pardon provided by the agreement would not cover international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and other serious crimes under international humanitarian law. Through the active efforts of civil society leaders in Sierra Leone, as well as international advocates, the Lom\u00e9 Accord also mandated a truth and reconciliation commission and a human rights commission. \\n The progress made at Lom\u00e9 was shattered in May 2000 when fighting resumed in the capital city of Freetown. The peace process was put back on track after the reinforcement of the UN peacekeeping mission there and increased mediation efforts resulting in the signing of the Abuja Protocols in 2001. The Abuja Protocols also marked an abrupt change in the national approach to accountability and justice. The government formally requested the UN\u2019s assistance to establish a court to try members of the RUF involved in war crimes. The UN supported the initiative, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) was set up in August 2002 with a mandate to try those who bear the greatest responsibility for the atrocities committed in Sierra Leone. \\n The DDR was in its closing phases when the SCSL and TRC were established. All parties to the Lom\u00e9 peace agreement, including the national government and the RUF, backed the establishment of a TRC, which began operations in 2002. While the SCSL stoked fears among ex-combatants about their possible criminal prosecution, there was a great deal of hope that the TRC would provide an effective and essential mechanism for promoting reconciliation. \\n Although, at first, the concurrence of a tribunal and a truth commission generated considerable misunderstanding, civil society efforts to provide information to ex-combatants were successful in increasing the latters understanding of the separate mandates of each institution. Support for the TRC amongst ex-combatants rose from 53 to 85 per cent after ex-combatants understood its design and purpose, while those who believed it would bring reconciliation rose from 52 to 84 per cent. For those ex-combatants who admitted to human rights violations the TRC offered an opportunity to take responsibility for their actions. According to one report, \u201cThey want to confess to the TRC because they think it will enable them to return to their communities.\u201d*** \\n * This is excerpted from: Gibril Sesay and Mohamed Suma, \u201cDDR, Transitional Justice, and Sierra Leone,\u201d A Case Study on DDR and Transitional Justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n ** Jeremy Weinstein and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n *** The Post-conflict Reintegration Initiative for Development and Empowerment (PRIDE) and ICTJ, \u201cEx-Combatants Views of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Court in Sierra Leone,\u201d (September 2002). http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1535, "Sentence":"http:\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice http\/\/www.ictj\/org\/en\/where\/region1\/141.html" }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice reparation focus directly recognition acknowledgement victim \u2019 right seek provide redress harm suffered ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice aspect recogni tion make reparation distinct social service attend basic socio economic right citizen housing water education ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice comprehensive approach reparation provides combination material symbolic benefit victim cash payment access health psychosocial rehabilitation educational bene fit well formal apology memorial ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice often public acknowledgement indicated victim important element reparation seek ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice reparation mean including victim victim \u2019 right firmly postconflict agenda may contribute process building trust government commitment guaranteeing human right future ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice yet victim \u2019 need often marginalized post conflict peacebuilding contexts.the design reparation programme may positive implication entire community include element social healing ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice individual measure deliver concrete benefit individual recipient ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice east timor truth commission recommended process combined individual benefit form delivery designed promote collective healing ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice single mother including war widow victim sexual violence would benefit scholarship grant schoolaged child ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice picking benefit mother would travel regional service center would turn access peer support skill training healthcare counseling.collective reparation may deliver reparation either context practical limita tions concern drawing stark line class victim victim nonvictim group ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice way specific village particularly affected various kind abuse might example receive fund community project even though every individual village affected way even people contributed harm ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice peru example community hardest hit violence asked submit community funding proposal 30000 limit ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice project would benefit entire community generally rather serve spe cific victim would implemented regardless whether former perpetrator also live there.generally programme excombatants reparation programme victim developed isolation one another ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice reinsertion assistance offered demobilized com batants order assist immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e . get home provide start toward establishing livelihood\u2014prior longerterm support reintegration see iddrs 4.30 social economic reintegration ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice support excombatants motivated genuine concern without assistance ex combatant reassociate armed group mean supporting self become frustrated threaten peace process ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice victim rarely represent kind threat reparation programme may politically challenging expen sive design implement ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice result excombatants participating ddr often receive aid form cash counseling skill training education opportunity access microcredit loan and\/or land part benefit ddr programme case programme redress vio lations right victim established.providing benefit excombatants ignoring right victim may give rise new grievance increase resistance returning excombatants way becoming obstacle reintegration ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice absence reparation pro gramme victim context ddr programme provide various benefit excombatants ground judgment excombatants receiving special treatment ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice example rwanda demobilization reintegration programme financed world bank budget us65.5 million ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice excombatants receive reinsertion recognition service reintegration benefit cash us500 us1000 depending rank excombatant.26 yet 2009 compensation fund genocide sur vivors called 1996 genocide law established.such outcome merely inequitable may also undermine possibility effective reintegration ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice provision reparation victim may contribute reintegration dimension ddr programme reducing resentment compara tive grievance victim community may feel aftermath violent conflict ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice case reintegration component ddr programme includes funding community development benefit individual community beyond excombatants see also iddrs 4.30 social economic reintegration ." }, { "ID":14, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.3. Reparations", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":11, "Paragraph":"Reparations focus directly on the recognition and acknowledgement of victims\u2019 rights, and seek to provide some redress for the harms they have suffered. The aspect of recogni- tion is what makes reparations distinct from social services that attend to the basic socio- economic rights of all citizens, such as housing, water and education. A comprehensive approach to reparations provides a combination of material and symbolic benefits to victims, such as cash payments or access to health, psycho-social rehabilitation or educational bene- fits, as well as a formal apology or a memorial. Often public acknowledgement is indicated by victims as the most important element of the reparations they seek. Reparations are a means of including victims and victims\u2019 rights firmly on the post-conflict agenda and may contribute to the process of building trust in the government and in its commitment to guaranteeing human rights in the future. Yet victims\u2019 needs are often marginalized in post conflict, peacebuilding contexts.The design of a reparations programme may have positive implications for the entire community and include elements of social healing. Individual measures deliver concrete benefits to individual recipients. In East Timor, the truth commission recommended a process that combined individual benefits with a form of delivery designed to promote collective healing. Single mothers, including war widows and victims of sexual violence, would benefit from scholarship grants for their school-aged children. In picking up their benefits, the mothers would have to travel to a regional service center, where they would, in turn, have access to peer support, skills training, healthcare, and counseling.Collective reparations may deliver reparations either in the context of practical limita- tions or of concerns about drawing too stark a line between classes of victims or between victims and non-victim groups. In this way, a specific village that was particularly affected by various kinds of abuses might, for example, receive a fund for community projects, even though not every individual in the village was affected in the same way and even if some people there contributed to the harms. In Peru, for example, communities hardest hit by the violence were asked to submit community funding proposals up to a $30,000 limit. These projects would benefit the entire community, generally, rather than only serve spe- cific victims and would be implemented regardless of whether some former perpetrators also live there.Generally, programmes for ex-combatants and reparations programmes for victims are developed in isolation of one another. Reinsertion assistance is offered to demobilized com- batants in order to assist with their immediate civilian resettlement\u2014i.e., to get them home and provide them with a start toward establishing a livelihood\u2014prior to longer-term support for reintegration (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). Support to ex-combatants is motivated by the genuine concern that without such assistance ex- combatants will re-associate themselves with armed groups as a means of supporting them- selves or become frustrated and threaten the peace process. Victims rarely represent the same kinds of threat, and reparations programmes may be politically challenging and expen- sive to design and implement. The result is that ex-combatants participating in DDR often receive aid in the form of cash, counseling, skills training, education opportunities, access to micro-credit loans and\/or land, as part of the benefits of DDR programmes, while, in most cases no programmes to redress the vio- lations of the rights of victims are established.Providing benefits to ex-combatants while ignoring the rights of victims may give rise to new grievances and increase their resistance against returning ex-combatants, in this way becoming an obstacle to their reintegration. The absence of reparations pro- grammes for victims in contexts in which DDR programmes provide various benefits to ex-combatants, grounds the judgment that ex-combatants are receiving special treatment. For example, the Rwanda Demobilization and Reintegration Programme, financed by the World, Bank has a budget of US$65.5 million. Ex-combatants receive reinsertion, recognition of service, and reintegration benefits in cash from between US$500 to US$1,000 depending on the rank of the ex-combatant.26 Yet as of 2009, the compensation fund for genocide sur- vivors called for in the 1996 Genocide Law has not been established.Such outcomes are not merely inequitable; they may also undermine the possibilities of effective reintegration. The provision of reparations for victims may contribute to the reintegration dimension of a DDR programme by reducing the resentment and compara- tive grievance that victims and communities may feel in the aftermath of violent conflict. In some cases the reintegration component of DDR programmes includes funding for community development that benefits individuals in the community beyond ex-combatants (see also IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration). While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1536, "Sentence":"While the objective and nature of reparations programmes for victims are distinct, most importantly in the critical area of acknowledgement of the violations of victims\u2019 rights, these efforts to focus on aiding the communities where ex-combatants live are noteworthy and may contribute to the effective reintegration of ex-combatants, as well as victims and other war-affected populations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice objective nature reparation programme victim distinct importantly critical area acknowledgement violation victim \u2019 right effort focus aiding community excombatants live noteworthy may contribute effective reintegration excombatants well victim waraffected population ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr contribute ending limiting violence disarming large number armed actor disbanding illegal dysfunctional military organization reintegrating ex combatant civilian legitimate securityrelated livelihood ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr alone however build peace prevent armed group reverting conflict ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr need part larger system peacebuilding intervention including institutional reforminstitutional reform transforms public institution perpetuated human right violation critical peace reconciliation ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice transitional justice initiative contribute institutional reform effort variety way ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice prosecution leader war crime violation international human right humanitarian law criminalizes kind behavior demonstrates one law may act deterrent con tribute prevention future abuse ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice truth commission truthseeking en deavors provide critical analysis root conflict identifying individual institution responsible abuse ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice truth commission also provide critical informa tion pattern violence violation institutional reform target prioritize effort particular area ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice reparation victim may contribute trustbuilding victim government including public institution ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice vetting process contribute dismantling abusive structure excluding public service com mitted gross human right violation serious violation international humanitarian law see box 3 vetting ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":")As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice security sector institution sometimes implicated past ongoing viola tions human right international humanitarian law particular interest reforming security sector institution ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice security sector reform ssr aim enhance \u201c effective accountable security state people without discrimination full respect human right rule law. \u201d 27 ssr effort may sustain ddr process multiple way example providing employment opportunity ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice yet ddr programme seldom coordinated ssr ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice lack coordination lead vio lations reappointment human right abuser legitimate security sector ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice case undermine public faith security sector institution may also lead distrust within armed force ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"(See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice see iddrs module 6.10 ddr security sector reform detailed discussion relationship ddr ssr ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":")Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice box 3 vetting one important aspect institutional reform effort country transition vetting process exclude public institution person lack integrity ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice vetting may defined assessing integrity determine suitability public employment ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice integrity refers employee \u2019 adherence international standard human right professional conduct including person \u2019 financial propriety ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice public employee personally responsible gross violation human right serious crime international law reveal basic lack integrity breach trust citizen meant serve ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice citizen particular victim abuse unlikely trust rely public institution retains hire individual serious integrity deficit would fundamentally impair institution \u2019 capacity deliver mandate ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice vetting process aim excluding public service person serious integrity deficit order reestablish civic trust legitimize public institution ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"\\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n many ddr programme excombatants offered possibility reintegration national armed force security sector position police border control ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice situation coordination ddr program institution reform initiative ssr programme vetting strategy particularly critical ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice coordinated strategy shall aim ensure individual committed human right violation employed public sector ." }, { "ID":15, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.4. Institutional reform", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":12, "Paragraph":"DDR can contribute to ending or limiting violence by disarming large numbers of armed actors, disbanding illegal or dysfunctional military organizations, and reintegrating ex- combatants into civilian or legitimate security-related livelihoods. DDR alone, however, cannot build peace, nor can it prevent armed groups from reverting to conflict. DDR needs to be part of a larger system of peacebuilding interventions, including institutional reformInstitutional reform that transforms public institutions that perpetuated human rights violations is critical to peace and reconciliation. Transitional justice initiatives contribute to institutional reform efforts in a variety of ways. Prosecutions of leaders for war crimes, or violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, criminalizes this kind of behavior, demonstrates that no one is above the law, and may act as a deterrent and con- tribute to the prevention of future abuse. Truth commissions and other truth-seeking en- deavors can provide critical analysis about the roots of conflict, identifying individuals and institutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions can also provide critical informa- tion about the patterns of violence and violations, so that institutional reform can target or prioritize efforts in particular areas. Reparations for victims may contribute to trust-building between victims and government, including public institutions. Vetting processes contribute to dismantling abusive structures by excluding from public service those who have com- mitted gross human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (See Box 3: Vetting.)As security sector institutions are sometimes implicated in past and ongoing viola- tions of human rights and international humanitarian law, there is a particular interest in reforming security sector institutions. Security Sector Reform (SSR) aims to enhance \u201ceffective and accountable security for the State and its people without discrimination and with full respect for human rights and the rule of law.\u201d27 SSR efforts may sustain the DDR process in multiple ways, for example by providing employment opportunities. Yet DDR programmes are seldom coordinated to SSR. The lack of coordination can lead to further vio- lations, such as the reappointment of human rights abusers into the legitimate security sector. Such cases undermine public faith in security sector institutions, and may also lead to distrust within the armed forces. (See IDDRS Module 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform for a detailed discussion on the relationship between DDR and SSR.)Box 3 Vetting* One important aspect of institutional reform efforts in countries in transition is vetting processes to exclude from public institutions persons who lack integrity. Vetting may be defined as assessing integrity to determine suitability for public employment. Integrity refers to an employee\u2019s adherence to international standards of human rights and professional conduct, including a person\u2019s financial propriety. Public employees who are personally responsible for gross violations of human rights or serious crimes under international law reveal a basic lack of integrity and breach the trust of the citizens they were meant to serve. The citizens, in particular the victims of abuses, are unlikely to trust and rely on a public institution that retains or hires individuals with serious integrity deficits, which would fundamentally impair the institution\u2019s capacity to deliver its mandate. Vetting processes aim at excluding from public service persons with serious integrity deficits in order to (re-establish) civic trust and (re-) legitimize public institutions. \\n In many DDR programmes, ex-combatants are offered the possibility of reintegration in the national armed forces, other security sector positions such as police or border control. In these situations, coordination between DDR programs and institution reform initiatives such as SSR programmes on vetting strategies can be particularly critical. A coordinated strategy shall aim to ensure that individuals who have committed human rights violations are not employed in the public sector. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1537, "Sentence":"\\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n text summarized ohchr rule law tool postconflict state vetting operational framework geneva new york ohchr 2006" }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.5. DDR and locally-based processes of justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In his 2004 report on transitional justice and the rule of law, the Secretary General of the UN wrote that \u201cdue regard must be given to indigenous and informal traditions for admin- istering justice or settling disputes, to help them to continue their often vital role and to do so in conformity with both international standards and local tradition.\u201d28 Locally-based justice processes range from informal courts to local truth-telling exercises, to traditional ceremonies. They may include an approach that directly involves victims and communi- ties in defining the responsibilities and obligations of those who have committed crimes. In some situations, these locally-based processes are used to promote trust between ex- combatants and their communities. In Mozambique, for example, cleansing ceremonies offered ex-combatants a way to reintegrate into communities by renouncing violence, acknowledging wrong-doing and providing victims, or families of victims, with some kind of compensation.Locally-based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. These locally based processes may contain elements of the four main transitional justice approaches: prosecutions, truth-telling, reparation and institutional reform, and thus offer similar incentives and disincentives for ex-combatants, but they have an additional aim of reintegration. To a large extent the purpose of these processes is to reintegrate community members who have violated the norms of the com- munity and to reconcile them with the victims. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reinte- grate. These processes may not be as successful in situations where combatants refuse to acknowledge responsibility or continue to perceive themselves as heroes.Locally-based justice processes may, however, be problematic. They may not comply with national and international human rights standards, in particular fair trial guarantees. Unfair treatment of ex-combatants who participate in such processes may hinder reintegra- tion. Additionally, many of these processes are not equipped to handle serious violations of international law, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. Locally-based processes also frequently replicate gender or other biases that are present in community life and traditions, for example, by excluding women and children, or by forgiving men for acts of sexual aggression against women.The experience of linking national reintegration strategies with locally-based justice processes is limited, but there are a few positive examples to build on. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes supported the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone, for example.Creating connections between reintegration strategies, particularly community reinte- gration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. Such con- nections should be consistent with the broad peacebuilding goals of security, respect for human rights including international standards of child rights and juvenile justice, rule of law, and reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1538, "Sentence":"In his 2004 report on transitional justice and the rule of law, the Secretary General of the UN wrote that \u201cdue regard must be given to indigenous and informal traditions for admin- istering justice or settling disputes, to help them to continue their often vital role and to do so in conformity with both international standards and local tradition.\u201d28 Locally-based justice processes range from informal courts to local truth-telling exercises, to traditional ceremonies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice 2004 report transitional justice rule law secretary general un wrote \u201c due regard must given indigenous informal tradition admin istering justice settling dispute help continue often vital role conformity international standard local tradition. \u201d 28 locallybased justice process range informal court local truthtelling exercise traditional ceremony ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.5. DDR and locally-based processes of justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In his 2004 report on transitional justice and the rule of law, the Secretary General of the UN wrote that \u201cdue regard must be given to indigenous and informal traditions for admin- istering justice or settling disputes, to help them to continue their often vital role and to do so in conformity with both international standards and local tradition.\u201d28 Locally-based justice processes range from informal courts to local truth-telling exercises, to traditional ceremonies. They may include an approach that directly involves victims and communi- ties in defining the responsibilities and obligations of those who have committed crimes. In some situations, these locally-based processes are used to promote trust between ex- combatants and their communities. In Mozambique, for example, cleansing ceremonies offered ex-combatants a way to reintegrate into communities by renouncing violence, acknowledging wrong-doing and providing victims, or families of victims, with some kind of compensation.Locally-based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. These locally based processes may contain elements of the four main transitional justice approaches: prosecutions, truth-telling, reparation and institutional reform, and thus offer similar incentives and disincentives for ex-combatants, but they have an additional aim of reintegration. To a large extent the purpose of these processes is to reintegrate community members who have violated the norms of the com- munity and to reconcile them with the victims. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reinte- grate. These processes may not be as successful in situations where combatants refuse to acknowledge responsibility or continue to perceive themselves as heroes.Locally-based justice processes may, however, be problematic. They may not comply with national and international human rights standards, in particular fair trial guarantees. Unfair treatment of ex-combatants who participate in such processes may hinder reintegra- tion. Additionally, many of these processes are not equipped to handle serious violations of international law, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. Locally-based processes also frequently replicate gender or other biases that are present in community life and traditions, for example, by excluding women and children, or by forgiving men for acts of sexual aggression against women.The experience of linking national reintegration strategies with locally-based justice processes is limited, but there are a few positive examples to build on. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes supported the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone, for example.Creating connections between reintegration strategies, particularly community reinte- gration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. Such con- nections should be consistent with the broad peacebuilding goals of security, respect for human rights including international standards of child rights and juvenile justice, rule of law, and reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1538, "Sentence":"They may include an approach that directly involves victims and communi- ties in defining the responsibilities and obligations of those who have committed crimes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice may include approach directly involves victim communi tie defining responsibility obligation committed crime ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.5. DDR and locally-based processes of justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In his 2004 report on transitional justice and the rule of law, the Secretary General of the UN wrote that \u201cdue regard must be given to indigenous and informal traditions for admin- istering justice or settling disputes, to help them to continue their often vital role and to do so in conformity with both international standards and local tradition.\u201d28 Locally-based justice processes range from informal courts to local truth-telling exercises, to traditional ceremonies. They may include an approach that directly involves victims and communi- ties in defining the responsibilities and obligations of those who have committed crimes. In some situations, these locally-based processes are used to promote trust between ex- combatants and their communities. In Mozambique, for example, cleansing ceremonies offered ex-combatants a way to reintegrate into communities by renouncing violence, acknowledging wrong-doing and providing victims, or families of victims, with some kind of compensation.Locally-based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. These locally based processes may contain elements of the four main transitional justice approaches: prosecutions, truth-telling, reparation and institutional reform, and thus offer similar incentives and disincentives for ex-combatants, but they have an additional aim of reintegration. To a large extent the purpose of these processes is to reintegrate community members who have violated the norms of the com- munity and to reconcile them with the victims. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reinte- grate. These processes may not be as successful in situations where combatants refuse to acknowledge responsibility or continue to perceive themselves as heroes.Locally-based justice processes may, however, be problematic. They may not comply with national and international human rights standards, in particular fair trial guarantees. Unfair treatment of ex-combatants who participate in such processes may hinder reintegra- tion. Additionally, many of these processes are not equipped to handle serious violations of international law, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. Locally-based processes also frequently replicate gender or other biases that are present in community life and traditions, for example, by excluding women and children, or by forgiving men for acts of sexual aggression against women.The experience of linking national reintegration strategies with locally-based justice processes is limited, but there are a few positive examples to build on. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes supported the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone, for example.Creating connections between reintegration strategies, particularly community reinte- gration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. Such con- nections should be consistent with the broad peacebuilding goals of security, respect for human rights including international standards of child rights and juvenile justice, rule of law, and reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1538, "Sentence":"In some situations, these locally-based processes are used to promote trust between ex- combatants and their communities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice situation locallybased process used promote trust ex combatant community ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.5. DDR and locally-based processes of justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In his 2004 report on transitional justice and the rule of law, the Secretary General of the UN wrote that \u201cdue regard must be given to indigenous and informal traditions for admin- istering justice or settling disputes, to help them to continue their often vital role and to do so in conformity with both international standards and local tradition.\u201d28 Locally-based justice processes range from informal courts to local truth-telling exercises, to traditional ceremonies. They may include an approach that directly involves victims and communi- ties in defining the responsibilities and obligations of those who have committed crimes. In some situations, these locally-based processes are used to promote trust between ex- combatants and their communities. In Mozambique, for example, cleansing ceremonies offered ex-combatants a way to reintegrate into communities by renouncing violence, acknowledging wrong-doing and providing victims, or families of victims, with some kind of compensation.Locally-based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. These locally based processes may contain elements of the four main transitional justice approaches: prosecutions, truth-telling, reparation and institutional reform, and thus offer similar incentives and disincentives for ex-combatants, but they have an additional aim of reintegration. To a large extent the purpose of these processes is to reintegrate community members who have violated the norms of the com- munity and to reconcile them with the victims. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reinte- grate. These processes may not be as successful in situations where combatants refuse to acknowledge responsibility or continue to perceive themselves as heroes.Locally-based justice processes may, however, be problematic. They may not comply with national and international human rights standards, in particular fair trial guarantees. Unfair treatment of ex-combatants who participate in such processes may hinder reintegra- tion. Additionally, many of these processes are not equipped to handle serious violations of international law, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. Locally-based processes also frequently replicate gender or other biases that are present in community life and traditions, for example, by excluding women and children, or by forgiving men for acts of sexual aggression against women.The experience of linking national reintegration strategies with locally-based justice processes is limited, but there are a few positive examples to build on. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes supported the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone, for example.Creating connections between reintegration strategies, particularly community reinte- gration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. Such con- nections should be consistent with the broad peacebuilding goals of security, respect for human rights including international standards of child rights and juvenile justice, rule of law, and reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1538, "Sentence":"In Mozambique, for example, cleansing ceremonies offered ex-combatants a way to reintegrate into communities by renouncing violence, acknowledging wrong-doing and providing victims, or families of victims, with some kind of compensation.Locally-based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice mozambique example cleansing ceremony offered excombatants way reintegrate community renouncing violence acknowledging wrongdoing providing victim family victim kind compensation.locallybased justice process may complement reintegration effort national level transitional justice measure providing communitylevel mean addressing issue accountability excombatants ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.5. DDR and locally-based processes of justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In his 2004 report on transitional justice and the rule of law, the Secretary General of the UN wrote that \u201cdue regard must be given to indigenous and informal traditions for admin- istering justice or settling disputes, to help them to continue their often vital role and to do so in conformity with both international standards and local tradition.\u201d28 Locally-based justice processes range from informal courts to local truth-telling exercises, to traditional ceremonies. They may include an approach that directly involves victims and communi- ties in defining the responsibilities and obligations of those who have committed crimes. In some situations, these locally-based processes are used to promote trust between ex- combatants and their communities. In Mozambique, for example, cleansing ceremonies offered ex-combatants a way to reintegrate into communities by renouncing violence, acknowledging wrong-doing and providing victims, or families of victims, with some kind of compensation.Locally-based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. These locally based processes may contain elements of the four main transitional justice approaches: prosecutions, truth-telling, reparation and institutional reform, and thus offer similar incentives and disincentives for ex-combatants, but they have an additional aim of reintegration. To a large extent the purpose of these processes is to reintegrate community members who have violated the norms of the com- munity and to reconcile them with the victims. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reinte- grate. These processes may not be as successful in situations where combatants refuse to acknowledge responsibility or continue to perceive themselves as heroes.Locally-based justice processes may, however, be problematic. They may not comply with national and international human rights standards, in particular fair trial guarantees. Unfair treatment of ex-combatants who participate in such processes may hinder reintegra- tion. Additionally, many of these processes are not equipped to handle serious violations of international law, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. Locally-based processes also frequently replicate gender or other biases that are present in community life and traditions, for example, by excluding women and children, or by forgiving men for acts of sexual aggression against women.The experience of linking national reintegration strategies with locally-based justice processes is limited, but there are a few positive examples to build on. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes supported the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone, for example.Creating connections between reintegration strategies, particularly community reinte- gration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. Such con- nections should be consistent with the broad peacebuilding goals of security, respect for human rights including international standards of child rights and juvenile justice, rule of law, and reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1538, "Sentence":"These locally based processes may contain elements of the four main transitional justice approaches: prosecutions, truth-telling, reparation and institutional reform, and thus offer similar incentives and disincentives for ex-combatants, but they have an additional aim of reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice locally based process may contain element four main transitional justice approach prosecution truthtelling reparation institutional reform thus offer similar incentive disincentive excombatants additional aim reintegration ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.5. DDR and locally-based processes of justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In his 2004 report on transitional justice and the rule of law, the Secretary General of the UN wrote that \u201cdue regard must be given to indigenous and informal traditions for admin- istering justice or settling disputes, to help them to continue their often vital role and to do so in conformity with both international standards and local tradition.\u201d28 Locally-based justice processes range from informal courts to local truth-telling exercises, to traditional ceremonies. They may include an approach that directly involves victims and communi- ties in defining the responsibilities and obligations of those who have committed crimes. In some situations, these locally-based processes are used to promote trust between ex- combatants and their communities. In Mozambique, for example, cleansing ceremonies offered ex-combatants a way to reintegrate into communities by renouncing violence, acknowledging wrong-doing and providing victims, or families of victims, with some kind of compensation.Locally-based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. These locally based processes may contain elements of the four main transitional justice approaches: prosecutions, truth-telling, reparation and institutional reform, and thus offer similar incentives and disincentives for ex-combatants, but they have an additional aim of reintegration. To a large extent the purpose of these processes is to reintegrate community members who have violated the norms of the com- munity and to reconcile them with the victims. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reinte- grate. These processes may not be as successful in situations where combatants refuse to acknowledge responsibility or continue to perceive themselves as heroes.Locally-based justice processes may, however, be problematic. They may not comply with national and international human rights standards, in particular fair trial guarantees. Unfair treatment of ex-combatants who participate in such processes may hinder reintegra- tion. Additionally, many of these processes are not equipped to handle serious violations of international law, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. Locally-based processes also frequently replicate gender or other biases that are present in community life and traditions, for example, by excluding women and children, or by forgiving men for acts of sexual aggression against women.The experience of linking national reintegration strategies with locally-based justice processes is limited, but there are a few positive examples to build on. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes supported the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone, for example.Creating connections between reintegration strategies, particularly community reinte- gration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. Such con- nections should be consistent with the broad peacebuilding goals of security, respect for human rights including international standards of child rights and juvenile justice, rule of law, and reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1538, "Sentence":"To a large extent the purpose of these processes is to reintegrate community members who have violated the norms of the com- munity and to reconcile them with the victims.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice large extent purpose process reintegrate community member violated norm com munity reconcile victim ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.5. DDR and locally-based processes of justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In his 2004 report on transitional justice and the rule of law, the Secretary General of the UN wrote that \u201cdue regard must be given to indigenous and informal traditions for admin- istering justice or settling disputes, to help them to continue their often vital role and to do so in conformity with both international standards and local tradition.\u201d28 Locally-based justice processes range from informal courts to local truth-telling exercises, to traditional ceremonies. They may include an approach that directly involves victims and communi- ties in defining the responsibilities and obligations of those who have committed crimes. In some situations, these locally-based processes are used to promote trust between ex- combatants and their communities. In Mozambique, for example, cleansing ceremonies offered ex-combatants a way to reintegrate into communities by renouncing violence, acknowledging wrong-doing and providing victims, or families of victims, with some kind of compensation.Locally-based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. These locally based processes may contain elements of the four main transitional justice approaches: prosecutions, truth-telling, reparation and institutional reform, and thus offer similar incentives and disincentives for ex-combatants, but they have an additional aim of reintegration. To a large extent the purpose of these processes is to reintegrate community members who have violated the norms of the com- munity and to reconcile them with the victims. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reinte- grate. These processes may not be as successful in situations where combatants refuse to acknowledge responsibility or continue to perceive themselves as heroes.Locally-based justice processes may, however, be problematic. They may not comply with national and international human rights standards, in particular fair trial guarantees. Unfair treatment of ex-combatants who participate in such processes may hinder reintegra- tion. Additionally, many of these processes are not equipped to handle serious violations of international law, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. Locally-based processes also frequently replicate gender or other biases that are present in community life and traditions, for example, by excluding women and children, or by forgiving men for acts of sexual aggression against women.The experience of linking national reintegration strategies with locally-based justice processes is limited, but there are a few positive examples to build on. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes supported the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone, for example.Creating connections between reintegration strategies, particularly community reinte- gration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. Such con- nections should be consistent with the broad peacebuilding goals of security, respect for human rights including international standards of child rights and juvenile justice, rule of law, and reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1538, "Sentence":"When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice excombatants participate process demonstrate desire part community take step repair damage responsible ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.5. DDR and locally-based processes of justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In his 2004 report on transitional justice and the rule of law, the Secretary General of the UN wrote that \u201cdue regard must be given to indigenous and informal traditions for admin- istering justice or settling disputes, to help them to continue their often vital role and to do so in conformity with both international standards and local tradition.\u201d28 Locally-based justice processes range from informal courts to local truth-telling exercises, to traditional ceremonies. They may include an approach that directly involves victims and communi- ties in defining the responsibilities and obligations of those who have committed crimes. In some situations, these locally-based processes are used to promote trust between ex- combatants and their communities. In Mozambique, for example, cleansing ceremonies offered ex-combatants a way to reintegrate into communities by renouncing violence, acknowledging wrong-doing and providing victims, or families of victims, with some kind of compensation.Locally-based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. These locally based processes may contain elements of the four main transitional justice approaches: prosecutions, truth-telling, reparation and institutional reform, and thus offer similar incentives and disincentives for ex-combatants, but they have an additional aim of reintegration. To a large extent the purpose of these processes is to reintegrate community members who have violated the norms of the com- munity and to reconcile them with the victims. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reinte- grate. These processes may not be as successful in situations where combatants refuse to acknowledge responsibility or continue to perceive themselves as heroes.Locally-based justice processes may, however, be problematic. They may not comply with national and international human rights standards, in particular fair trial guarantees. Unfair treatment of ex-combatants who participate in such processes may hinder reintegra- tion. Additionally, many of these processes are not equipped to handle serious violations of international law, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. Locally-based processes also frequently replicate gender or other biases that are present in community life and traditions, for example, by excluding women and children, or by forgiving men for acts of sexual aggression against women.The experience of linking national reintegration strategies with locally-based justice processes is limited, but there are a few positive examples to build on. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes supported the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone, for example.Creating connections between reintegration strategies, particularly community reinte- gration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. Such con- nections should be consistent with the broad peacebuilding goals of security, respect for human rights including international standards of child rights and juvenile justice, rule of law, and reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1538, "Sentence":"This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reinte- grate.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice contributes building renewing trust excombatants community seek reinte grate ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.5. DDR and locally-based processes of justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In his 2004 report on transitional justice and the rule of law, the Secretary General of the UN wrote that \u201cdue regard must be given to indigenous and informal traditions for admin- istering justice or settling disputes, to help them to continue their often vital role and to do so in conformity with both international standards and local tradition.\u201d28 Locally-based justice processes range from informal courts to local truth-telling exercises, to traditional ceremonies. They may include an approach that directly involves victims and communi- ties in defining the responsibilities and obligations of those who have committed crimes. In some situations, these locally-based processes are used to promote trust between ex- combatants and their communities. In Mozambique, for example, cleansing ceremonies offered ex-combatants a way to reintegrate into communities by renouncing violence, acknowledging wrong-doing and providing victims, or families of victims, with some kind of compensation.Locally-based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. These locally based processes may contain elements of the four main transitional justice approaches: prosecutions, truth-telling, reparation and institutional reform, and thus offer similar incentives and disincentives for ex-combatants, but they have an additional aim of reintegration. To a large extent the purpose of these processes is to reintegrate community members who have violated the norms of the com- munity and to reconcile them with the victims. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reinte- grate. These processes may not be as successful in situations where combatants refuse to acknowledge responsibility or continue to perceive themselves as heroes.Locally-based justice processes may, however, be problematic. They may not comply with national and international human rights standards, in particular fair trial guarantees. Unfair treatment of ex-combatants who participate in such processes may hinder reintegra- tion. Additionally, many of these processes are not equipped to handle serious violations of international law, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. Locally-based processes also frequently replicate gender or other biases that are present in community life and traditions, for example, by excluding women and children, or by forgiving men for acts of sexual aggression against women.The experience of linking national reintegration strategies with locally-based justice processes is limited, but there are a few positive examples to build on. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes supported the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone, for example.Creating connections between reintegration strategies, particularly community reinte- gration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. Such con- nections should be consistent with the broad peacebuilding goals of security, respect for human rights including international standards of child rights and juvenile justice, rule of law, and reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1538, "Sentence":"These processes may not be as successful in situations where combatants refuse to acknowledge responsibility or continue to perceive themselves as heroes.Locally-based justice processes may, however, be problematic.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice process may successful situation combatant refuse acknowledge responsibility continue perceive heroes.locallybased justice process may however problematic ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.5. DDR and locally-based processes of justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In his 2004 report on transitional justice and the rule of law, the Secretary General of the UN wrote that \u201cdue regard must be given to indigenous and informal traditions for admin- istering justice or settling disputes, to help them to continue their often vital role and to do so in conformity with both international standards and local tradition.\u201d28 Locally-based justice processes range from informal courts to local truth-telling exercises, to traditional ceremonies. They may include an approach that directly involves victims and communi- ties in defining the responsibilities and obligations of those who have committed crimes. In some situations, these locally-based processes are used to promote trust between ex- combatants and their communities. In Mozambique, for example, cleansing ceremonies offered ex-combatants a way to reintegrate into communities by renouncing violence, acknowledging wrong-doing and providing victims, or families of victims, with some kind of compensation.Locally-based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. These locally based processes may contain elements of the four main transitional justice approaches: prosecutions, truth-telling, reparation and institutional reform, and thus offer similar incentives and disincentives for ex-combatants, but they have an additional aim of reintegration. To a large extent the purpose of these processes is to reintegrate community members who have violated the norms of the com- munity and to reconcile them with the victims. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reinte- grate. These processes may not be as successful in situations where combatants refuse to acknowledge responsibility or continue to perceive themselves as heroes.Locally-based justice processes may, however, be problematic. They may not comply with national and international human rights standards, in particular fair trial guarantees. Unfair treatment of ex-combatants who participate in such processes may hinder reintegra- tion. Additionally, many of these processes are not equipped to handle serious violations of international law, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. Locally-based processes also frequently replicate gender or other biases that are present in community life and traditions, for example, by excluding women and children, or by forgiving men for acts of sexual aggression against women.The experience of linking national reintegration strategies with locally-based justice processes is limited, but there are a few positive examples to build on. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes supported the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone, for example.Creating connections between reintegration strategies, particularly community reinte- gration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. Such con- nections should be consistent with the broad peacebuilding goals of security, respect for human rights including international standards of child rights and juvenile justice, rule of law, and reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1538, "Sentence":"They may not comply with national and international human rights standards, in particular fair trial guarantees.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice may comply national international human right standard particular fair trial guarantee ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.5. DDR and locally-based processes of justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In his 2004 report on transitional justice and the rule of law, the Secretary General of the UN wrote that \u201cdue regard must be given to indigenous and informal traditions for admin- istering justice or settling disputes, to help them to continue their often vital role and to do so in conformity with both international standards and local tradition.\u201d28 Locally-based justice processes range from informal courts to local truth-telling exercises, to traditional ceremonies. They may include an approach that directly involves victims and communi- ties in defining the responsibilities and obligations of those who have committed crimes. In some situations, these locally-based processes are used to promote trust between ex- combatants and their communities. In Mozambique, for example, cleansing ceremonies offered ex-combatants a way to reintegrate into communities by renouncing violence, acknowledging wrong-doing and providing victims, or families of victims, with some kind of compensation.Locally-based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. These locally based processes may contain elements of the four main transitional justice approaches: prosecutions, truth-telling, reparation and institutional reform, and thus offer similar incentives and disincentives for ex-combatants, but they have an additional aim of reintegration. To a large extent the purpose of these processes is to reintegrate community members who have violated the norms of the com- munity and to reconcile them with the victims. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reinte- grate. These processes may not be as successful in situations where combatants refuse to acknowledge responsibility or continue to perceive themselves as heroes.Locally-based justice processes may, however, be problematic. They may not comply with national and international human rights standards, in particular fair trial guarantees. Unfair treatment of ex-combatants who participate in such processes may hinder reintegra- tion. Additionally, many of these processes are not equipped to handle serious violations of international law, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. Locally-based processes also frequently replicate gender or other biases that are present in community life and traditions, for example, by excluding women and children, or by forgiving men for acts of sexual aggression against women.The experience of linking national reintegration strategies with locally-based justice processes is limited, but there are a few positive examples to build on. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes supported the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone, for example.Creating connections between reintegration strategies, particularly community reinte- gration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. Such con- nections should be consistent with the broad peacebuilding goals of security, respect for human rights including international standards of child rights and juvenile justice, rule of law, and reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1538, "Sentence":"Unfair treatment of ex-combatants who participate in such processes may hinder reintegra- tion.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice unfair treatment excombatants participate process may hinder reintegra tion ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.5. DDR and locally-based processes of justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In his 2004 report on transitional justice and the rule of law, the Secretary General of the UN wrote that \u201cdue regard must be given to indigenous and informal traditions for admin- istering justice or settling disputes, to help them to continue their often vital role and to do so in conformity with both international standards and local tradition.\u201d28 Locally-based justice processes range from informal courts to local truth-telling exercises, to traditional ceremonies. They may include an approach that directly involves victims and communi- ties in defining the responsibilities and obligations of those who have committed crimes. In some situations, these locally-based processes are used to promote trust between ex- combatants and their communities. In Mozambique, for example, cleansing ceremonies offered ex-combatants a way to reintegrate into communities by renouncing violence, acknowledging wrong-doing and providing victims, or families of victims, with some kind of compensation.Locally-based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. These locally based processes may contain elements of the four main transitional justice approaches: prosecutions, truth-telling, reparation and institutional reform, and thus offer similar incentives and disincentives for ex-combatants, but they have an additional aim of reintegration. To a large extent the purpose of these processes is to reintegrate community members who have violated the norms of the com- munity and to reconcile them with the victims. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reinte- grate. These processes may not be as successful in situations where combatants refuse to acknowledge responsibility or continue to perceive themselves as heroes.Locally-based justice processes may, however, be problematic. They may not comply with national and international human rights standards, in particular fair trial guarantees. Unfair treatment of ex-combatants who participate in such processes may hinder reintegra- tion. Additionally, many of these processes are not equipped to handle serious violations of international law, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. Locally-based processes also frequently replicate gender or other biases that are present in community life and traditions, for example, by excluding women and children, or by forgiving men for acts of sexual aggression against women.The experience of linking national reintegration strategies with locally-based justice processes is limited, but there are a few positive examples to build on. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes supported the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone, for example.Creating connections between reintegration strategies, particularly community reinte- gration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. Such con- nections should be consistent with the broad peacebuilding goals of security, respect for human rights including international standards of child rights and juvenile justice, rule of law, and reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1538, "Sentence":"Additionally, many of these processes are not equipped to handle serious violations of international law, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice additionally many process equipped handle serious violation international law war crime crime humanity genocide ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.5. DDR and locally-based processes of justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In his 2004 report on transitional justice and the rule of law, the Secretary General of the UN wrote that \u201cdue regard must be given to indigenous and informal traditions for admin- istering justice or settling disputes, to help them to continue their often vital role and to do so in conformity with both international standards and local tradition.\u201d28 Locally-based justice processes range from informal courts to local truth-telling exercises, to traditional ceremonies. They may include an approach that directly involves victims and communi- ties in defining the responsibilities and obligations of those who have committed crimes. In some situations, these locally-based processes are used to promote trust between ex- combatants and their communities. In Mozambique, for example, cleansing ceremonies offered ex-combatants a way to reintegrate into communities by renouncing violence, acknowledging wrong-doing and providing victims, or families of victims, with some kind of compensation.Locally-based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. These locally based processes may contain elements of the four main transitional justice approaches: prosecutions, truth-telling, reparation and institutional reform, and thus offer similar incentives and disincentives for ex-combatants, but they have an additional aim of reintegration. To a large extent the purpose of these processes is to reintegrate community members who have violated the norms of the com- munity and to reconcile them with the victims. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reinte- grate. These processes may not be as successful in situations where combatants refuse to acknowledge responsibility or continue to perceive themselves as heroes.Locally-based justice processes may, however, be problematic. They may not comply with national and international human rights standards, in particular fair trial guarantees. Unfair treatment of ex-combatants who participate in such processes may hinder reintegra- tion. Additionally, many of these processes are not equipped to handle serious violations of international law, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. Locally-based processes also frequently replicate gender or other biases that are present in community life and traditions, for example, by excluding women and children, or by forgiving men for acts of sexual aggression against women.The experience of linking national reintegration strategies with locally-based justice processes is limited, but there are a few positive examples to build on. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes supported the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone, for example.Creating connections between reintegration strategies, particularly community reinte- gration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. Such con- nections should be consistent with the broad peacebuilding goals of security, respect for human rights including international standards of child rights and juvenile justice, rule of law, and reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1538, "Sentence":"Locally-based processes also frequently replicate gender or other biases that are present in community life and traditions, for example, by excluding women and children, or by forgiving men for acts of sexual aggression against women.The experience of linking national reintegration strategies with locally-based justice processes is limited, but there are a few positive examples to build on.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice locallybased process also frequently replicate gender bias present community life tradition example excluding woman child forgiving men act sexual aggression women.the experience linking national reintegration strategy locallybased justice process limited positive example build ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.5. DDR and locally-based processes of justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In his 2004 report on transitional justice and the rule of law, the Secretary General of the UN wrote that \u201cdue regard must be given to indigenous and informal traditions for admin- istering justice or settling disputes, to help them to continue their often vital role and to do so in conformity with both international standards and local tradition.\u201d28 Locally-based justice processes range from informal courts to local truth-telling exercises, to traditional ceremonies. They may include an approach that directly involves victims and communi- ties in defining the responsibilities and obligations of those who have committed crimes. In some situations, these locally-based processes are used to promote trust between ex- combatants and their communities. In Mozambique, for example, cleansing ceremonies offered ex-combatants a way to reintegrate into communities by renouncing violence, acknowledging wrong-doing and providing victims, or families of victims, with some kind of compensation.Locally-based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. These locally based processes may contain elements of the four main transitional justice approaches: prosecutions, truth-telling, reparation and institutional reform, and thus offer similar incentives and disincentives for ex-combatants, but they have an additional aim of reintegration. To a large extent the purpose of these processes is to reintegrate community members who have violated the norms of the com- munity and to reconcile them with the victims. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reinte- grate. These processes may not be as successful in situations where combatants refuse to acknowledge responsibility or continue to perceive themselves as heroes.Locally-based justice processes may, however, be problematic. They may not comply with national and international human rights standards, in particular fair trial guarantees. Unfair treatment of ex-combatants who participate in such processes may hinder reintegra- tion. Additionally, many of these processes are not equipped to handle serious violations of international law, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. Locally-based processes also frequently replicate gender or other biases that are present in community life and traditions, for example, by excluding women and children, or by forgiving men for acts of sexual aggression against women.The experience of linking national reintegration strategies with locally-based justice processes is limited, but there are a few positive examples to build on. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes supported the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone, for example.Creating connections between reintegration strategies, particularly community reinte- gration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. Such con- nections should be consistent with the broad peacebuilding goals of security, respect for human rights including international standards of child rights and juvenile justice, rule of law, and reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1538, "Sentence":"UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes supported the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone, for example.Creating connections between reintegration strategies, particularly community reinte- gration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice unicef \u2019 work locally based justice process supported reintegration child sierra leone example.creating connection reintegration strategy particularly community reinte gration strategy excombatants locallybased justice process may one way bridge gap aim ddr aim transitional justice ." }, { "ID":16, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.5. DDR and locally-based processes of justice", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":13, "Paragraph":"In his 2004 report on transitional justice and the rule of law, the Secretary General of the UN wrote that \u201cdue regard must be given to indigenous and informal traditions for admin- istering justice or settling disputes, to help them to continue their often vital role and to do so in conformity with both international standards and local tradition.\u201d28 Locally-based justice processes range from informal courts to local truth-telling exercises, to traditional ceremonies. They may include an approach that directly involves victims and communi- ties in defining the responsibilities and obligations of those who have committed crimes. In some situations, these locally-based processes are used to promote trust between ex- combatants and their communities. In Mozambique, for example, cleansing ceremonies offered ex-combatants a way to reintegrate into communities by renouncing violence, acknowledging wrong-doing and providing victims, or families of victims, with some kind of compensation.Locally-based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. These locally based processes may contain elements of the four main transitional justice approaches: prosecutions, truth-telling, reparation and institutional reform, and thus offer similar incentives and disincentives for ex-combatants, but they have an additional aim of reintegration. To a large extent the purpose of these processes is to reintegrate community members who have violated the norms of the com- munity and to reconcile them with the victims. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reinte- grate. These processes may not be as successful in situations where combatants refuse to acknowledge responsibility or continue to perceive themselves as heroes.Locally-based justice processes may, however, be problematic. They may not comply with national and international human rights standards, in particular fair trial guarantees. Unfair treatment of ex-combatants who participate in such processes may hinder reintegra- tion. Additionally, many of these processes are not equipped to handle serious violations of international law, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. Locally-based processes also frequently replicate gender or other biases that are present in community life and traditions, for example, by excluding women and children, or by forgiving men for acts of sexual aggression against women.The experience of linking national reintegration strategies with locally-based justice processes is limited, but there are a few positive examples to build on. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes supported the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone, for example.Creating connections between reintegration strategies, particularly community reinte- gration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. Such con- nections should be consistent with the broad peacebuilding goals of security, respect for human rights including international standards of child rights and juvenile justice, rule of law, and reconciliation.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1538, "Sentence":"Such con- nections should be consistent with the broad peacebuilding goals of security, respect for human rights including international standards of child rights and juvenile justice, rule of law, and reconciliation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice con nections consistent broad peacebuilding goal security respect human right including international standard child right juvenile justice rule law reconciliation ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice iddrs module 5.10 woman gender ddr refers three type female ben eficiaries 1 female excombatants 2 female supporter female associated armed force group 3 female dependent ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice module identifies range possible barrier entry woman ddr programme proposes strategy guide line ensure ddr programme gender responsive ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice likewise practitioner field transitional justice seek understand better design mean facilitate participation woman ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice yet still gap policy implementation comprehensive approaches.the experience woman conflict often go beyond usual notion victim perpetrator ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice woman returning life civilian may face greater social barrier exclusion men ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice may participate either ddr transitional justice measure variety reason including exclusion agenda proc es refusal armed force group release woman fear stigmatization lack faith public institution address particular situation indepth analysis see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice woman \u2019 lack partici pation may undermine reintegration prevent among also experienced human right violation right justice reparation rein force gender bias ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice yet woman may also agent change actively involved effort make build peace ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice woman girl combatant displayed remarkable commitment reintegrating community working peace ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice northern uganda former teenage lra combatant abducted abused run community project supporting \u2018 girl mother \u2019 provide counseling young abductees care child seek reconciliation community often forced terrorize ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice trauma victimization endured transformed positive force empowerment development.transitional justice measure may facilitate reintegration woman associated armed force group ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice prosecution initiative example may contribute integration woman prosecuting involved forcible recruitment recognizing prosecuting crime committed woman particularly rape form sexual violence ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice woman excombatants committed crime also prosecuted ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice excluding woman prosecution denies role participant armed conflict.women central process truth seeking exposing hidden truth legacy human right conflict ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice many female combatant like male counter part participate truth commission perceive process victim identify victim ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice yet participation may help community better understand many dimension woman \u2019 involvement conflict turn increase probability acceptance ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice great care must taken ensure woman choose participate wellinformed purpose mandate truth commission understand right term confidenti ality protected possible harm resulting testimony.women associated armed force group frequently endured violation abduction torture sexual violation including rape form sexual violence may eligible reparation ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice reparation may provide official acknowledge ment violation access specialized health care related specific violation suffered material benefit may facilitate integration ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice yet woman due frequent stigmatization commonly reluctant explain happened particularly involves sexual violation often come forward claim due.women associated armed force group potential participant ddr transitional justice measure faced challenge increasing supporting participation ." }, { "ID":17, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.6. Justice for women associated with armed forces and groups", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":14, "Paragraph":"The IDDRS module 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR refers to three types of female ben- eficiaries: 1) female ex-combatants, 2) female supporters, and females associated with armed forces and groups and 3) female dependents. The module identifies a range of possible barriers for entry of women into DDR programmes and proposes strategies and guide- lines to ensure that DDR programmes are gender responsive. Likewise, practitioners in the field of transitional justice seek to understand and better design means to facilitate the participation of women. Yet there is still a gap between the policy and the implementation of comprehensive approaches.The experience of women in conflict often goes beyond usual notions of victim and perpetrator. Women returning to life as civilians may face greater social barriers and exclusion than men. They may not participate in either DDR or transitional justice measures for a variety of reasons, including because of their exclusion from the agendas of these proc- esses, the refusal of armed forces and groups to release women, fear of further stigmatization, or lack of faith in public institutions to address their particular situations (for a more in-depth analysis, see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Women\u2019s lack of partici- pation may undermine their reintegration, and prevent those among them who have also experienced human rights violations from their rights to justice or reparation, and rein- force gender biases. Yet women may also be agents of change, actively involved in efforts to make and build peace. Women and girl combatants have displayed remarkable commitment to reintegrating into communities and working for peace. In Northern Uganda, former teenage LRA combatants (themselves abducted and abused) run community projects supporting other \u2018girl mothers\u2019, provide counseling for the young abductees and care for their children, and seek reconciliation with communities they were often forced to terrorize. The trauma and victimization they endured is being transformed into a positive force for empowerment and development.Transitional justice measures may facilitate the reintegration of women associated with armed forces and groups. Prosecutions initiatives, for example, may contribute to the re- integration of women by prosecuting those involved in their forcible recruitment, and by recognizing and prosecuting crimes committed against all women, particularly rape and other forms of sexual violence. Women ex-combatants who have committed crimes should also be prosecuted. Excluding women from prosecution denies their role as participants in the armed conflict.Women have been central to the process of truth seeking, exposing hidden truths about the legacy of human rights in conflict. Many female combatants, like their male counter- parts, do not participate in truth commissions because they perceive these processes to be for victims, and they do not identify themselves as victims. Yet their participation may help the community to better understand the many dimensions of women\u2019s involvement in conflict, and in turn, increase the probability of their acceptance. Great care must be taken to ensure that women who choose to participate are well-informed as to the purpose and mandate of the truth commission, that they understand their rights in terms of confidenti- ality, and are protected from any possible harm resulting from their testimony.Women associated with armed forces and groups have frequently endured violations such as abduction, torture, and sexual violations, including rape and other forms of sexual violence, and may be eligible for reparation. Reparations may provide official acknowledge- ment of these violations, access to specialized health care related to the specific violation they have suffered, and material benefits that may facilitate their integration. Yet these women, due to frequent stigmatization, are commonly reluctant to explain what happened to them, particularly when it involves sexual violations, and often do not come forward to claim their due.Women associated with armed forces and groups are potential participants in both DDR and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting their participation. See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1539, "Sentence":"See Module 5.10 for a detailed discussion of Women, Gender, and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice see module 5.10 detailed discussion woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice children\u2014girls boy 18\u2014associated armed force group caafg represent special category protected person international law subject separate ddr process adult detailed normative legal frame work see annex b iddrs 5.30 child ddr ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice recruitment child age 15 recognized war crime icc statute ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice many state criminal ized recruitment child age 18 ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice child ddr requires release opposed demobilization reintegration child actively carried time including ddr process formerly implemented action pre vent child recruitment continuous ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice process particular attention need given girl since gender make girl particularly vulnerable violation including sexual violence exploitation lack educational training opportunity mi treatment neglect specific way address girl \u2019 need ddr programme see chapter 6 iddrs 5.30 child ddr.transitional justice process play positive role facilitating longterm reintegration child ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice time process create obstacle child \u2019 reconciliation reintegration ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice best interest child always guide deci sion related child \u2019 involvement transitional justice mechanism ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice child illegally recruited used armed group force victim witness may also alleged perpetrator ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice aspect child \u2019 experience cor responds specific international obligation outlined below.children victim witness n optional protocol convention right child involvement child armed conflict prohibits compulsory recruitment direct participa tion hostility person 18 armed force art ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"1 and 2).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice 1 2 ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice come armed group distinct regular armed force recruitment circum stance prohibited matter whether voluntary compulsory ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice recruitment use child age 15 recognized war crime rome statute icc ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice special court sierra leone also considers child recruitment age 15 war crime based customary international law ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice growing number state criminal ized recruitment child 18 reflected optional protocol convention right child involvement child armed conflict ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.)", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice 130 country ratified optional protocol two third adopted minimum age 18 entry armed force called \u2018 straight 18 \u2019 standard ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice domestic proceeding following armed conflict may also try adult recruited child case domestic legal standard would apply.the prosecution commander recruited child may help reintegra tion child highlighting child associated armed force group may responsible violation human right international humanitarian law considered primarily victim perpetrators.29 international law establishes binding obligation state regard physical psycho logical recovery social reintegration child victims.30to facilitate participation child victim witness legal proceeding justice system need adopt childsensitive genderappropriate procedure line provision convention right child optional protocol well un guideline justice matter involving child victim witness crime adapted evolving capacity child ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice also important child vic tims informed right receive redress including legal psychosocial support ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice child victim witness access independent free legal assist ance ensure right guaranteed informed purpose role able participate meaningful way ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice order avoid trauma revictimization careful assessment carried determine whether best interest child testify court criminal proceeding special protective measure required facilitate testimony ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice protection meas ures facilitate child \u2019 testimony protect child \u2019 identity privacy culturally appropriate include private interview room designed child modified court environment take child witness consideration interview specially trained staff sight alleged perpetrator using testimonial aid psychosocial support process.31likewise child \u2019 statement given truth commission nonjudicial process offer unique potential child \u2019 participation postconflict reconcilia tion may foster dialogue impact war child contribute pre vention conflict victimization child ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice child participate truth commission voluntary basis childfriendly policy protection measure place protect right child involved.it important recognize child demobilized fighting force may identified vulnerable group eligible reparation reintegration pro gramme specific education support access specialized healthcare vocational training followup social work ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice situation child may benefit financial reparation part reintegration programme part reparation scheme basis particular violation suffered ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice providing benefit child formerly associated fighting force child community receive may increase resentment create obstacle reintegration ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice benefit reparation provided child affected armed conflict careful consideration must given ensure benefit best interest child ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice important coordi nate benefit may offered demobilized child ddr programme offered generally victim ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice prevent provision double benefit something particularly important country situation programme rarely cover potential beneficiaries.children alleged perpetrator n child associated armed force armed group prosecuted punished solely membership force group ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice child accused crime international law must treated accordance crc beijing rule related international juvenile justice fair trial standard ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice accounta bility measure alleged child perpetrator best interest child conducted manner take account age time alleged commission crime promotes sense dignity worth support reintegration potential assume constructive role society ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice wherever appropriate alternative judicial proceeding pursued.in situation child alleged participated crime committed armed conflict primary objective reintegration return \u2018 constructive role \u2019 society article 40 crc rehabilitation article 144 iccpr article 39 crc reinforcing child \u2019 respect right others article 40 crc paris princi ples section 3.6 3.8 8.6 8.11 ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice national judicial proceeding take place child must treated accordance crc particular article 37 40 beijing rule international law standard governing juvenile justice including committee \u2019 general comment n\u00b0 10 \u201c child \u2019 right juvenile justice. \u201d process accountability serf best interest child international child right juvenile justice standard recommend alternative judicial proceeding applied whenever appropriate desirable article 403b crc rule 11 beijing rule ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice staff working release reintegration associated armed group force advocate enable appropriate diversion child judicial proceeding alternative mechanism suitable dealing nature particular offence line international standard best interest child ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice child convicted crime alternative deprivation liberty put place advocated view promoting successful reintegration child.the death penalty life imprisonment without possibility release must never imposed child detention child used measure last resort shortest period time.as discussed chapter 9 iddrs 5.30 child ddr locallybased justice reconciliation process may contribute reintegration child ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice proc es may create mean child express remorse make reparation past action ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice case local process must adhere international standard child protec tion ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice locallybased process justice reconciliation child may effec tive considered part comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy reintegration justice reconciliation key goal consistent strategy reintegration child demobilized fighting forces.box 4 rule law transitional justice n strategy expediting return rule law must integrated plan reintegrate displaced civilian former fighter ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice disarmament demobilization reintegration process one key transition conflict back normalcy ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice population traumatized war process among visible sign gradual return peace security ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice similarly displaced person must subject dedicated programme facilitate return ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice carefully crafted amnesty help return reintegration group encouraged although noted never permitted excuse genocide war crime crime humanity gross violation human right ." }, { "ID":18, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"7. Transitional justice and DDR ", "Heading2":"7.7. Justice for children recruited or used by armed groups and forces", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":15, "Paragraph":"Children\u2014girls and boys under 18\u2014associated with armed forces and groups (CAAFG) represent a special category of protected persons under international law and should be subject to a separate DDR process from adults (for a detailed normative and legal frame- work, see Annex B of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Recruitment of children under the age of 15 is recognized as a war crime in the ICC Statute. Many states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children below the age of 18. Child DDR requires that the release (as opposed to demobilization) and reintegration of children be actively carried out at all times, including before a DDR process is formerly implemented and that actions to pre- vent child recruitment should be continuous. In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls since their gender makes girls particularly vulnerable to violations, including sexual violence and exploitation, lack of educational and training opportunities, mis- treatment and neglect (for specific ways to address girls\u2019 needs in DDR programmes, see Chapter 6 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR).Transitional justice processes can play a positive role in facilitating the long-term re-integration of children. At the same time such processes can create obstacles to children\u2019s reconciliation and reintegration. The best interests of the child should always guide deci- sions related to children\u2019s involvement in transitional justice mechanisms. Children who have been illegally recruited and used by armed groups or forces are victims and witnesses and may also be alleged perpetrators. Each of these aspects of children\u2019s experiences cor- responds to specific international obligations outlined below.Children as victims and witnesses \\n The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict prohibits the compulsory recruitment and the direct participa- tion in hostilities of persons below 18 by armed forces (arts. 1 and 2). When it comes to armed groups distinct from regular armed forces, such recruitment is under any circum- stance prohibited (no matter whether voluntary or compulsory). Recruitment or use of children under the age of 15 is a recognized war crime in the Rome Statute of the ICC. The Special Court for Sierra Leone also considers child recruitment under the age of 15 as a war crime based on customary international law. A growing number of states have criminal- ized the recruitment of children (under 18) as reflected in the Optional Protocol of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Of the 130 countries that have ratified the Optional Protocol, more than two thirds have adopted a minimum age of 18 for entry into the armed forces (the so called \u2018straight 18\u2019 standard.) Domestic proceedings following or during an armed conflict may also try adults for having recruited children, in which case the domestic legal standard would apply.The prosecution of commanders who have recruited children may help the reintegra- tion of children by highlighting that children associated with armed forces and groups who may have been responsible for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law should be considered primarily as victims, not only as perpetrators.29 International law further establishes binding obligations on States with regard to physical and psycho- logical recovery and social reintegration of child victims.30To facilitate the participation of child victims and witnesses in legal proceedings, the justice systems need to adopt child-sensitive and gender-appropriate procedures in line with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols as well as with the UN Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime and adapted to the evolving capacities of the child. It is also important that child vic- tims are informed of their rights to receive redress, including legal and psycho-social support. Child victims and witnesses should have access to independent and free legal assist- ance to ensure that their rights are guaranteed, that they are informed of the purpose of their role and are able to participate in a meaningful way. In order to avoid further trauma and re-victimization a careful assessment should be carried out to determine whether or not it is in the best interests of the child to testify in court during a criminal proceeding and what special protective measures are required to facilitate the testimony. Protection meas- ures to facilitate the child\u2019s testimony should protect the child\u2019s identity and privacy, be culturally appropriate and include: private interview rooms designed for children, modified court environments that take child witnesses into consideration, interviews by specially trained staff out of sight of the alleged perpetrator using testimonial aids and psychosocial support before, during and after the process.31Likewise, children\u2019s statements given before a truth commission or other non-judicial process can offer unique potential for children\u2019s participation in post-conflict reconcilia- tion and may foster dialogue about the impact of war on children and contribute to pre- vention of further conflict and victimization of children. Children should participate in truth commissions only on a voluntary basis and child-friendly policy and protection measures should be in place to protect the rights of children involved.It is important to recognize that children demobilized from fighting forces may be identified as a vulnerable group and eligible for reparations through a reintegration pro- gramme, such as specific education support, access to specialized healthcare, vocational training, and follow-up social work. In some situations children may benefit from financial reparation, not as part of the reintegration programme but as part of a reparations scheme, on the basis of particular violations that they have suffered. Providing benefits to children formerly associated with fighting forces that other children in the community do not receive may increase resentment and create obstacles for reintegration. If benefits or reparations are provided for children affected by armed conflict, careful consideration must be given to ensure that such benefits are in the best interests of the child. It is important to coordi- nate benefits that may be offered to demobilized children through a DDR programme and what is offered to them, more generally, as victims. This is to prevent the provision of double benefits, something which is particularly important in country situations where these programmes rarely cover all of their potential beneficiaries.Children as alleged perpetrators \\n Children who have been associated with armed forces or armed groups should not be prosecuted or punished solely for their membership in these forces or groups. Children accused of crimes under international law must be treated in accordance with the CRC, the Beijing Rules and related international juvenile justice and fair trial standards. Accounta- bility measures for alleged child perpetrators should be in the best interests of the child and should be conducted in a manner that takes into account their age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime, promotes their sense of dignity and worth, and supports their reintegration and potential to assume a constructive role in society. Wherever appropriate, alternatives to judicial proceedings should be pursued.In situations where children are alleged to have participated in crimes committed during armed conflict, the primary objectives should be i) reintegration and return to a \u2018constructive role\u2019 in society (article 40, CRC); rehabilitation (article 14(4), ICCPR; article 39, CRC), reinforcing the child\u2019s respect for the rights of others (article 40, CRC; Paris Princi- ples, sections 3.6 to 3.8 and 8.6 to 8.11). If national judicial proceedings take place, children must be treated in accordance with the CRC, in particular its articles 37 and 40, the Beijing Rules and other international law and standards governing juvenile justice, including the Committee\u2019s General Comment n\u00b0 10 on \u201cChildren\u2019s rights in juvenile justice.\u201d While some process of accountability serves the best interest of the child, international child rights and juvenile justice standards recommend that alternatives to judicial proceedings should be applied, whenever appropriate and desirable (article 40(3b), CRC; rule 11, Beijing Rules). Staff working on release and reintegration associated with armed groups and forces should advocate and enable, where appropriate, the diversion of children from judicial proceedings to alternative mechanisms suitable for dealing with the nature of the particular offence, in line with international standards and the best interests of the child. If a child has been convicted for a crime, alternatives to deprivation of liberty should be put in place and advocated for, in view of promoting the successful reintegration of the child.The death penalty and life imprisonment without possibility of release must never be imposed against children and detention of children should only be used as a measure of last resort and for the shortest period of time.As discussed in Chapter 9 of IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR, locally-based justice and reconciliation processes may contribute to the reintegration of children. These proc- esses may create a means for the child to express remorse and make reparation for past action. In all cases, local processes must adhere to international standards of child protec- tion. Locally-based processes for justice and reconciliation for children may be more effec- tive if they are considered as part of a comprehensive peacebuilding approach strategy, in which reintegration, justice, and reconciliation are key goals; and are consistent with over- all strategies for the reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces.Box 4 The rule of law and transitional justice \\n Strategies for expediting a return to the rule of law must be integrated with plans to reintegrate both displaced civilians and former fighters. Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes are one of the keys to a transition out of conflict and back to normalcy. For populations traumatized by war, those processes are among the most visible signs of the gradual return of peace and security. Similarly, displaced persons must be the subject of dedicated programmes to facilitate return. Carefully crafted amnesties can help in the return and reintegration of both groups and should be encouraged, although, as noted above, these can never be permitted to excuse genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or gross violations of human rights. \\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1540, "Sentence":"\\n * This text is summarized from the OHCHR Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States, Vetting: an operational framework (Geneva and New York: OHCHR, 2006)", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n text summarized ohchr rule law tool postconflict state vetting operational framework geneva new york ohchr 2006" }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Coordination between transitional justice and DDR programmes begins with an understand- ing of how the two processes may interact positively in the short-term in ways that, at the very least, do not hinder their respective objectives of accountability and stability. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR practitioners should, however, aim to constructively connect these two processes in ways that contribute to a stable, just and long-term peace. In the UN System, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has the lead responsibility for transitional justice issues. UN support to DDR programmes may be led by the Department of Peacekeeping (DPKO) or the United Nations Develop- ment Programme (UNDP). In other cases, such support may be led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) or a combination of the above UN entities. OHCHR representatives can coordinate directly with DDR practitioners on transitional justice. Human rights officers who work as part of UN peacekeeping missions may also be appropriate focal points or liaisons between a DDR programme and transitional justice initiatives.This section presents options for DDR that stress the international obligations stem- ming from the right to accountability, truth, reparation, and guarantees of non-repetition. These options are meant to make DDR compliant with international standards, being mindful of both equity and security considerations. At the very least, they seek to ensure that DDR observes the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle, and does not foreclose the possibility of achieving accountability in the future. When possible, the options presented in this section seek to go beyond \u201cdo no harm,\u201d establishing more constructive and positive connections between DDR and transi- tional justice. These options are presented with the understanding that diverse contexts will present different opportunities and challenges for connecting DDR and transitional justice. DDR must be designed and implemented with reference to the country context, including the existing justice provisions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1541, "Sentence":"Coordination between transitional justice and DDR programmes begins with an understand- ing of how the two processes may interact positively in the short-term in ways that, at the very least, do not hinder their respective objectives of accountability and stability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice coordination transitional justice ddr programme begin understand ing two process may interact positively shortterm way least hinder respective objective accountability stability ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Coordination between transitional justice and DDR programmes begins with an understand- ing of how the two processes may interact positively in the short-term in ways that, at the very least, do not hinder their respective objectives of accountability and stability. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR practitioners should, however, aim to constructively connect these two processes in ways that contribute to a stable, just and long-term peace. In the UN System, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has the lead responsibility for transitional justice issues. UN support to DDR programmes may be led by the Department of Peacekeeping (DPKO) or the United Nations Develop- ment Programme (UNDP). In other cases, such support may be led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) or a combination of the above UN entities. OHCHR representatives can coordinate directly with DDR practitioners on transitional justice. Human rights officers who work as part of UN peacekeeping missions may also be appropriate focal points or liaisons between a DDR programme and transitional justice initiatives.This section presents options for DDR that stress the international obligations stem- ming from the right to accountability, truth, reparation, and guarantees of non-repetition. These options are meant to make DDR compliant with international standards, being mindful of both equity and security considerations. At the very least, they seek to ensure that DDR observes the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle, and does not foreclose the possibility of achieving accountability in the future. When possible, the options presented in this section seek to go beyond \u201cdo no harm,\u201d establishing more constructive and positive connections between DDR and transi- tional justice. These options are presented with the understanding that diverse contexts will present different opportunities and challenges for connecting DDR and transitional justice. DDR must be designed and implemented with reference to the country context, including the existing justice provisions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1541, "Sentence":"Coordination between transitional justice and DDR practitioners should, however, aim to constructively connect these two processes in ways that contribute to a stable, just and long-term peace.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice coordination transitional justice ddr practitioner however aim constructively connect two process way contribute stable longterm peace ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Coordination between transitional justice and DDR programmes begins with an understand- ing of how the two processes may interact positively in the short-term in ways that, at the very least, do not hinder their respective objectives of accountability and stability. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR practitioners should, however, aim to constructively connect these two processes in ways that contribute to a stable, just and long-term peace. In the UN System, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has the lead responsibility for transitional justice issues. UN support to DDR programmes may be led by the Department of Peacekeeping (DPKO) or the United Nations Develop- ment Programme (UNDP). In other cases, such support may be led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) or a combination of the above UN entities. OHCHR representatives can coordinate directly with DDR practitioners on transitional justice. Human rights officers who work as part of UN peacekeeping missions may also be appropriate focal points or liaisons between a DDR programme and transitional justice initiatives.This section presents options for DDR that stress the international obligations stem- ming from the right to accountability, truth, reparation, and guarantees of non-repetition. These options are meant to make DDR compliant with international standards, being mindful of both equity and security considerations. At the very least, they seek to ensure that DDR observes the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle, and does not foreclose the possibility of achieving accountability in the future. When possible, the options presented in this section seek to go beyond \u201cdo no harm,\u201d establishing more constructive and positive connections between DDR and transi- tional justice. These options are presented with the understanding that diverse contexts will present different opportunities and challenges for connecting DDR and transitional justice. DDR must be designed and implemented with reference to the country context, including the existing justice provisions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1541, "Sentence":"In the UN System, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has the lead responsibility for transitional justice issues.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice un system office high commissioner human right ohchr lead responsibility transitional justice issue ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Coordination between transitional justice and DDR programmes begins with an understand- ing of how the two processes may interact positively in the short-term in ways that, at the very least, do not hinder their respective objectives of accountability and stability. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR practitioners should, however, aim to constructively connect these two processes in ways that contribute to a stable, just and long-term peace. In the UN System, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has the lead responsibility for transitional justice issues. UN support to DDR programmes may be led by the Department of Peacekeeping (DPKO) or the United Nations Develop- ment Programme (UNDP). In other cases, such support may be led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) or a combination of the above UN entities. OHCHR representatives can coordinate directly with DDR practitioners on transitional justice. Human rights officers who work as part of UN peacekeeping missions may also be appropriate focal points or liaisons between a DDR programme and transitional justice initiatives.This section presents options for DDR that stress the international obligations stem- ming from the right to accountability, truth, reparation, and guarantees of non-repetition. These options are meant to make DDR compliant with international standards, being mindful of both equity and security considerations. At the very least, they seek to ensure that DDR observes the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle, and does not foreclose the possibility of achieving accountability in the future. When possible, the options presented in this section seek to go beyond \u201cdo no harm,\u201d establishing more constructive and positive connections between DDR and transi- tional justice. These options are presented with the understanding that diverse contexts will present different opportunities and challenges for connecting DDR and transitional justice. DDR must be designed and implemented with reference to the country context, including the existing justice provisions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1541, "Sentence":"UN support to DDR programmes may be led by the Department of Peacekeeping (DPKO) or the United Nations Develop- ment Programme (UNDP).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice un support ddr programme may led department peacekeeping dpko united nation develop ment programme undp ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Coordination between transitional justice and DDR programmes begins with an understand- ing of how the two processes may interact positively in the short-term in ways that, at the very least, do not hinder their respective objectives of accountability and stability. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR practitioners should, however, aim to constructively connect these two processes in ways that contribute to a stable, just and long-term peace. In the UN System, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has the lead responsibility for transitional justice issues. UN support to DDR programmes may be led by the Department of Peacekeeping (DPKO) or the United Nations Develop- ment Programme (UNDP). In other cases, such support may be led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) or a combination of the above UN entities. OHCHR representatives can coordinate directly with DDR practitioners on transitional justice. Human rights officers who work as part of UN peacekeeping missions may also be appropriate focal points or liaisons between a DDR programme and transitional justice initiatives.This section presents options for DDR that stress the international obligations stem- ming from the right to accountability, truth, reparation, and guarantees of non-repetition. These options are meant to make DDR compliant with international standards, being mindful of both equity and security considerations. At the very least, they seek to ensure that DDR observes the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle, and does not foreclose the possibility of achieving accountability in the future. When possible, the options presented in this section seek to go beyond \u201cdo no harm,\u201d establishing more constructive and positive connections between DDR and transi- tional justice. These options are presented with the understanding that diverse contexts will present different opportunities and challenges for connecting DDR and transitional justice. DDR must be designed and implemented with reference to the country context, including the existing justice provisions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1541, "Sentence":"In other cases, such support may be led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) or a combination of the above UN entities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice case support may led international organization migration iom combination un entity ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Coordination between transitional justice and DDR programmes begins with an understand- ing of how the two processes may interact positively in the short-term in ways that, at the very least, do not hinder their respective objectives of accountability and stability. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR practitioners should, however, aim to constructively connect these two processes in ways that contribute to a stable, just and long-term peace. In the UN System, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has the lead responsibility for transitional justice issues. UN support to DDR programmes may be led by the Department of Peacekeeping (DPKO) or the United Nations Develop- ment Programme (UNDP). In other cases, such support may be led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) or a combination of the above UN entities. OHCHR representatives can coordinate directly with DDR practitioners on transitional justice. Human rights officers who work as part of UN peacekeeping missions may also be appropriate focal points or liaisons between a DDR programme and transitional justice initiatives.This section presents options for DDR that stress the international obligations stem- ming from the right to accountability, truth, reparation, and guarantees of non-repetition. These options are meant to make DDR compliant with international standards, being mindful of both equity and security considerations. At the very least, they seek to ensure that DDR observes the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle, and does not foreclose the possibility of achieving accountability in the future. When possible, the options presented in this section seek to go beyond \u201cdo no harm,\u201d establishing more constructive and positive connections between DDR and transi- tional justice. These options are presented with the understanding that diverse contexts will present different opportunities and challenges for connecting DDR and transitional justice. DDR must be designed and implemented with reference to the country context, including the existing justice provisions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1541, "Sentence":"OHCHR representatives can coordinate directly with DDR practitioners on transitional justice.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ohchr representative coordinate directly ddr practitioner transitional justice ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Coordination between transitional justice and DDR programmes begins with an understand- ing of how the two processes may interact positively in the short-term in ways that, at the very least, do not hinder their respective objectives of accountability and stability. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR practitioners should, however, aim to constructively connect these two processes in ways that contribute to a stable, just and long-term peace. In the UN System, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has the lead responsibility for transitional justice issues. UN support to DDR programmes may be led by the Department of Peacekeeping (DPKO) or the United Nations Develop- ment Programme (UNDP). In other cases, such support may be led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) or a combination of the above UN entities. OHCHR representatives can coordinate directly with DDR practitioners on transitional justice. Human rights officers who work as part of UN peacekeeping missions may also be appropriate focal points or liaisons between a DDR programme and transitional justice initiatives.This section presents options for DDR that stress the international obligations stem- ming from the right to accountability, truth, reparation, and guarantees of non-repetition. These options are meant to make DDR compliant with international standards, being mindful of both equity and security considerations. At the very least, they seek to ensure that DDR observes the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle, and does not foreclose the possibility of achieving accountability in the future. When possible, the options presented in this section seek to go beyond \u201cdo no harm,\u201d establishing more constructive and positive connections between DDR and transi- tional justice. These options are presented with the understanding that diverse contexts will present different opportunities and challenges for connecting DDR and transitional justice. DDR must be designed and implemented with reference to the country context, including the existing justice provisions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1541, "Sentence":"Human rights officers who work as part of UN peacekeeping missions may also be appropriate focal points or liaisons between a DDR programme and transitional justice initiatives.This section presents options for DDR that stress the international obligations stem- ming from the right to accountability, truth, reparation, and guarantees of non-repetition.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice human right officer work part un peacekeeping mission may also appropriate focal point liaison ddr programme transitional justice initiatives.this section present option ddr stress international obligation stem ming right accountability truth reparation guarantee nonrepetition ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Coordination between transitional justice and DDR programmes begins with an understand- ing of how the two processes may interact positively in the short-term in ways that, at the very least, do not hinder their respective objectives of accountability and stability. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR practitioners should, however, aim to constructively connect these two processes in ways that contribute to a stable, just and long-term peace. In the UN System, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has the lead responsibility for transitional justice issues. UN support to DDR programmes may be led by the Department of Peacekeeping (DPKO) or the United Nations Develop- ment Programme (UNDP). In other cases, such support may be led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) or a combination of the above UN entities. OHCHR representatives can coordinate directly with DDR practitioners on transitional justice. Human rights officers who work as part of UN peacekeeping missions may also be appropriate focal points or liaisons between a DDR programme and transitional justice initiatives.This section presents options for DDR that stress the international obligations stem- ming from the right to accountability, truth, reparation, and guarantees of non-repetition. These options are meant to make DDR compliant with international standards, being mindful of both equity and security considerations. At the very least, they seek to ensure that DDR observes the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle, and does not foreclose the possibility of achieving accountability in the future. When possible, the options presented in this section seek to go beyond \u201cdo no harm,\u201d establishing more constructive and positive connections between DDR and transi- tional justice. These options are presented with the understanding that diverse contexts will present different opportunities and challenges for connecting DDR and transitional justice. DDR must be designed and implemented with reference to the country context, including the existing justice provisions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1541, "Sentence":"These options are meant to make DDR compliant with international standards, being mindful of both equity and security considerations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice option meant make ddr compliant international standard mindful equity security consideration ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Coordination between transitional justice and DDR programmes begins with an understand- ing of how the two processes may interact positively in the short-term in ways that, at the very least, do not hinder their respective objectives of accountability and stability. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR practitioners should, however, aim to constructively connect these two processes in ways that contribute to a stable, just and long-term peace. In the UN System, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has the lead responsibility for transitional justice issues. UN support to DDR programmes may be led by the Department of Peacekeeping (DPKO) or the United Nations Develop- ment Programme (UNDP). In other cases, such support may be led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) or a combination of the above UN entities. OHCHR representatives can coordinate directly with DDR practitioners on transitional justice. Human rights officers who work as part of UN peacekeeping missions may also be appropriate focal points or liaisons between a DDR programme and transitional justice initiatives.This section presents options for DDR that stress the international obligations stem- ming from the right to accountability, truth, reparation, and guarantees of non-repetition. These options are meant to make DDR compliant with international standards, being mindful of both equity and security considerations. At the very least, they seek to ensure that DDR observes the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle, and does not foreclose the possibility of achieving accountability in the future. When possible, the options presented in this section seek to go beyond \u201cdo no harm,\u201d establishing more constructive and positive connections between DDR and transi- tional justice. These options are presented with the understanding that diverse contexts will present different opportunities and challenges for connecting DDR and transitional justice. DDR must be designed and implemented with reference to the country context, including the existing justice provisions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1541, "Sentence":"At the very least, they seek to ensure that DDR observes the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle, and does not foreclose the possibility of achieving accountability in the future.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice least seek ensure ddr observes \u201c harm \u201d principle foreclose possibility achieving accountability future ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Coordination between transitional justice and DDR programmes begins with an understand- ing of how the two processes may interact positively in the short-term in ways that, at the very least, do not hinder their respective objectives of accountability and stability. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR practitioners should, however, aim to constructively connect these two processes in ways that contribute to a stable, just and long-term peace. In the UN System, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has the lead responsibility for transitional justice issues. UN support to DDR programmes may be led by the Department of Peacekeeping (DPKO) or the United Nations Develop- ment Programme (UNDP). In other cases, such support may be led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) or a combination of the above UN entities. OHCHR representatives can coordinate directly with DDR practitioners on transitional justice. Human rights officers who work as part of UN peacekeeping missions may also be appropriate focal points or liaisons between a DDR programme and transitional justice initiatives.This section presents options for DDR that stress the international obligations stem- ming from the right to accountability, truth, reparation, and guarantees of non-repetition. These options are meant to make DDR compliant with international standards, being mindful of both equity and security considerations. At the very least, they seek to ensure that DDR observes the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle, and does not foreclose the possibility of achieving accountability in the future. When possible, the options presented in this section seek to go beyond \u201cdo no harm,\u201d establishing more constructive and positive connections between DDR and transi- tional justice. These options are presented with the understanding that diverse contexts will present different opportunities and challenges for connecting DDR and transitional justice. DDR must be designed and implemented with reference to the country context, including the existing justice provisions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1541, "Sentence":"When possible, the options presented in this section seek to go beyond \u201cdo no harm,\u201d establishing more constructive and positive connections between DDR and transi- tional justice.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice possible option presented section seek go beyond \u201c harm \u201d establishing constructive positive connection ddr transi tional justice ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Coordination between transitional justice and DDR programmes begins with an understand- ing of how the two processes may interact positively in the short-term in ways that, at the very least, do not hinder their respective objectives of accountability and stability. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR practitioners should, however, aim to constructively connect these two processes in ways that contribute to a stable, just and long-term peace. In the UN System, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has the lead responsibility for transitional justice issues. UN support to DDR programmes may be led by the Department of Peacekeeping (DPKO) or the United Nations Develop- ment Programme (UNDP). In other cases, such support may be led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) or a combination of the above UN entities. OHCHR representatives can coordinate directly with DDR practitioners on transitional justice. Human rights officers who work as part of UN peacekeeping missions may also be appropriate focal points or liaisons between a DDR programme and transitional justice initiatives.This section presents options for DDR that stress the international obligations stem- ming from the right to accountability, truth, reparation, and guarantees of non-repetition. These options are meant to make DDR compliant with international standards, being mindful of both equity and security considerations. At the very least, they seek to ensure that DDR observes the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle, and does not foreclose the possibility of achieving accountability in the future. When possible, the options presented in this section seek to go beyond \u201cdo no harm,\u201d establishing more constructive and positive connections between DDR and transi- tional justice. These options are presented with the understanding that diverse contexts will present different opportunities and challenges for connecting DDR and transitional justice. DDR must be designed and implemented with reference to the country context, including the existing justice provisions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1541, "Sentence":"These options are presented with the understanding that diverse contexts will present different opportunities and challenges for connecting DDR and transitional justice.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice option presented understanding diverse context present different opportunity challenge connecting ddr transitional justice ." }, { "ID":19, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":18, "Paragraph":"Coordination between transitional justice and DDR programmes begins with an understand- ing of how the two processes may interact positively in the short-term in ways that, at the very least, do not hinder their respective objectives of accountability and stability. Coordination between transitional justice and DDR practitioners should, however, aim to constructively connect these two processes in ways that contribute to a stable, just and long-term peace. In the UN System, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has the lead responsibility for transitional justice issues. UN support to DDR programmes may be led by the Department of Peacekeeping (DPKO) or the United Nations Develop- ment Programme (UNDP). In other cases, such support may be led by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) or a combination of the above UN entities. OHCHR representatives can coordinate directly with DDR practitioners on transitional justice. Human rights officers who work as part of UN peacekeeping missions may also be appropriate focal points or liaisons between a DDR programme and transitional justice initiatives.This section presents options for DDR that stress the international obligations stem- ming from the right to accountability, truth, reparation, and guarantees of non-repetition. These options are meant to make DDR compliant with international standards, being mindful of both equity and security considerations. At the very least, they seek to ensure that DDR observes the \u201cdo no harm\u201d principle, and does not foreclose the possibility of achieving accountability in the future. When possible, the options presented in this section seek to go beyond \u201cdo no harm,\u201d establishing more constructive and positive connections between DDR and transi- tional justice. These options are presented with the understanding that diverse contexts will present different opportunities and challenges for connecting DDR and transitional justice. DDR must be designed and implemented with reference to the country context, including the existing justice provisions.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1541, "Sentence":"DDR must be designed and implemented with reference to the country context, including the existing justice provisions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr must designed implemented reference country context including existing justice provision ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Box 5 Action points for mediators, donors, practitioners and national actors \\n\\n Action points for mediators and other participants in peacemaking \\n Include obligations for accountability, truth, reparation and guarantees of non-reoccurrence in peace agreements. \\n Include victims in peace negotiation processes. \\n Reject amnesties for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights. \\n\\n Action points for donors \\n Donors for DDR programmes may consider comparative commitments to reparations for victims before or while the DDR process proceeds. \\n\\n Action points for DDR practitioners \\n Integrate human rights and transitional justice components into the training programmes and support materials for UN mediators and DDR practitioners, including of national DDR commissions. \\n\\n Action points for national DDR actors \\n Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law into the design of the DDR programme. \\n Ensure that the DDR programme meets national and international obligations concerning account-ability, truth, reparations and guarantees of non-repetition.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1542, "Sentence":"Box 5 Action points for mediators, donors, practitioners and national actors \\n\\n Action points for mediators and other participants in peacemaking \\n Include obligations for accountability, truth, reparation and guarantees of non-reoccurrence in peace agreements.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice box 5 action point mediator donor practitioner national actor nn action point mediator participant peacemaking n include obligation accountability truth reparation guarantee nonreoccurrence peace agreement ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Box 5 Action points for mediators, donors, practitioners and national actors \\n\\n Action points for mediators and other participants in peacemaking \\n Include obligations for accountability, truth, reparation and guarantees of non-reoccurrence in peace agreements. \\n Include victims in peace negotiation processes. \\n Reject amnesties for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights. \\n\\n Action points for donors \\n Donors for DDR programmes may consider comparative commitments to reparations for victims before or while the DDR process proceeds. \\n\\n Action points for DDR practitioners \\n Integrate human rights and transitional justice components into the training programmes and support materials for UN mediators and DDR practitioners, including of national DDR commissions. \\n\\n Action points for national DDR actors \\n Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law into the design of the DDR programme. \\n Ensure that the DDR programme meets national and international obligations concerning account-ability, truth, reparations and guarantees of non-repetition.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1542, "Sentence":"\\n Include victims in peace negotiation processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n include victim peace negotiation process ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Box 5 Action points for mediators, donors, practitioners and national actors \\n\\n Action points for mediators and other participants in peacemaking \\n Include obligations for accountability, truth, reparation and guarantees of non-reoccurrence in peace agreements. \\n Include victims in peace negotiation processes. \\n Reject amnesties for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights. \\n\\n Action points for donors \\n Donors for DDR programmes may consider comparative commitments to reparations for victims before or while the DDR process proceeds. \\n\\n Action points for DDR practitioners \\n Integrate human rights and transitional justice components into the training programmes and support materials for UN mediators and DDR practitioners, including of national DDR commissions. \\n\\n Action points for national DDR actors \\n Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law into the design of the DDR programme. \\n Ensure that the DDR programme meets national and international obligations concerning account-ability, truth, reparations and guarantees of non-repetition.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1542, "Sentence":"\\n Reject amnesties for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n reject amnesty genocide crime humanity war crime gross violation human right ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Box 5 Action points for mediators, donors, practitioners and national actors \\n\\n Action points for mediators and other participants in peacemaking \\n Include obligations for accountability, truth, reparation and guarantees of non-reoccurrence in peace agreements. \\n Include victims in peace negotiation processes. \\n Reject amnesties for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights. \\n\\n Action points for donors \\n Donors for DDR programmes may consider comparative commitments to reparations for victims before or while the DDR process proceeds. \\n\\n Action points for DDR practitioners \\n Integrate human rights and transitional justice components into the training programmes and support materials for UN mediators and DDR practitioners, including of national DDR commissions. \\n\\n Action points for national DDR actors \\n Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law into the design of the DDR programme. \\n Ensure that the DDR programme meets national and international obligations concerning account-ability, truth, reparations and guarantees of non-repetition.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1542, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Action points for donors \\n Donors for DDR programmes may consider comparative commitments to reparations for victims before or while the DDR process proceeds.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice nn action point donor n donor ddr programme may consider comparative commitment reparation victim ddr process proceeds ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Box 5 Action points for mediators, donors, practitioners and national actors \\n\\n Action points for mediators and other participants in peacemaking \\n Include obligations for accountability, truth, reparation and guarantees of non-reoccurrence in peace agreements. \\n Include victims in peace negotiation processes. \\n Reject amnesties for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights. \\n\\n Action points for donors \\n Donors for DDR programmes may consider comparative commitments to reparations for victims before or while the DDR process proceeds. \\n\\n Action points for DDR practitioners \\n Integrate human rights and transitional justice components into the training programmes and support materials for UN mediators and DDR practitioners, including of national DDR commissions. \\n\\n Action points for national DDR actors \\n Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law into the design of the DDR programme. \\n Ensure that the DDR programme meets national and international obligations concerning account-ability, truth, reparations and guarantees of non-repetition.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1542, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Action points for DDR practitioners \\n Integrate human rights and transitional justice components into the training programmes and support materials for UN mediators and DDR practitioners, including of national DDR commissions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice nn action point ddr practitioner n integrate human right transitional justice component training programme support material un mediator ddr practitioner including national ddr commission ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Box 5 Action points for mediators, donors, practitioners and national actors \\n\\n Action points for mediators and other participants in peacemaking \\n Include obligations for accountability, truth, reparation and guarantees of non-reoccurrence in peace agreements. \\n Include victims in peace negotiation processes. \\n Reject amnesties for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights. \\n\\n Action points for donors \\n Donors for DDR programmes may consider comparative commitments to reparations for victims before or while the DDR process proceeds. \\n\\n Action points for DDR practitioners \\n Integrate human rights and transitional justice components into the training programmes and support materials for UN mediators and DDR practitioners, including of national DDR commissions. \\n\\n Action points for national DDR actors \\n Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law into the design of the DDR programme. \\n Ensure that the DDR programme meets national and international obligations concerning account-ability, truth, reparations and guarantees of non-repetition.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1542, "Sentence":"\\n\\n Action points for national DDR actors \\n Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law into the design of the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice nn action point national ddr actor n incorporate commitment international humanitarian human right law design ddr programme ." }, { "ID":20, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Box 5 Action points for mediators, donors, practitioners and national actors \\n\\n Action points for mediators and other participants in peacemaking \\n Include obligations for accountability, truth, reparation and guarantees of non-reoccurrence in peace agreements. \\n Include victims in peace negotiation processes. \\n Reject amnesties for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights. \\n\\n Action points for donors \\n Donors for DDR programmes may consider comparative commitments to reparations for victims before or while the DDR process proceeds. \\n\\n Action points for DDR practitioners \\n Integrate human rights and transitional justice components into the training programmes and support materials for UN mediators and DDR practitioners, including of national DDR commissions. \\n\\n Action points for national DDR actors \\n Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law into the design of the DDR programme. \\n Ensure that the DDR programme meets national and international obligations concerning account-ability, truth, reparations and guarantees of non-repetition.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1542, "Sentence":"\\n Ensure that the DDR programme meets national and international obligations concerning account-ability, truth, reparations and guarantees of non-repetition.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n ensure ddr programme meet national international obligation concerning accountability truth reparation guarantee nonrepetition ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"8.1.1. Observe obligations concerning accountability, truth, reparation and guarantees of non- repetition in peace agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A peace agreement can be considered a reflection of the priorities of the government(s), armed groups, and international organization(s), and other parties involved in a negotia- tion. While political and security issues, including DDR, may dominate the agenda, these issues need to be addressed in ways that observe international legal obligations. UN media- tors and other UN staff involved in advising a peace negotiation shall advise that agree- ments must be based on a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law, and include specific reference to obligations concerning accountability, truth, repara- tions and guarantees of non-repetition. Inclusion of these obligations demonstrates, at the least, that the violations suffered by war-affected populations other than ex-combatants are acknowledged, and keeps the door open for transitional justice in the future. This kind of acknowledgement may \u201cbuy time\u201d for DDR, reducing the initial resentment that vic- tims and their advocates may feel towards ex-combatants. It signals to victims and their advocates that while the attention of the government and the international community involved in a peace process may be on the armed actors in the immediate post conflict period the obligation to victims will not be disregarded.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1543, "Sentence":"A peace agreement can be considered a reflection of the priorities of the government(s), armed groups, and international organization(s), and other parties involved in a negotia- tion.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice peace agreement considered reflection priority government armed group international organization party involved negotia tion ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"8.1.1. Observe obligations concerning accountability, truth, reparation and guarantees of non- repetition in peace agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A peace agreement can be considered a reflection of the priorities of the government(s), armed groups, and international organization(s), and other parties involved in a negotia- tion. While political and security issues, including DDR, may dominate the agenda, these issues need to be addressed in ways that observe international legal obligations. UN media- tors and other UN staff involved in advising a peace negotiation shall advise that agree- ments must be based on a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law, and include specific reference to obligations concerning accountability, truth, repara- tions and guarantees of non-repetition. Inclusion of these obligations demonstrates, at the least, that the violations suffered by war-affected populations other than ex-combatants are acknowledged, and keeps the door open for transitional justice in the future. This kind of acknowledgement may \u201cbuy time\u201d for DDR, reducing the initial resentment that vic- tims and their advocates may feel towards ex-combatants. It signals to victims and their advocates that while the attention of the government and the international community involved in a peace process may be on the armed actors in the immediate post conflict period the obligation to victims will not be disregarded.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1543, "Sentence":"While political and security issues, including DDR, may dominate the agenda, these issues need to be addressed in ways that observe international legal obligations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice political security issue including ddr may dominate agenda issue need addressed way observe international legal obligation ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"8.1.1. Observe obligations concerning accountability, truth, reparation and guarantees of non- repetition in peace agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A peace agreement can be considered a reflection of the priorities of the government(s), armed groups, and international organization(s), and other parties involved in a negotia- tion. While political and security issues, including DDR, may dominate the agenda, these issues need to be addressed in ways that observe international legal obligations. UN media- tors and other UN staff involved in advising a peace negotiation shall advise that agree- ments must be based on a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law, and include specific reference to obligations concerning accountability, truth, repara- tions and guarantees of non-repetition. Inclusion of these obligations demonstrates, at the least, that the violations suffered by war-affected populations other than ex-combatants are acknowledged, and keeps the door open for transitional justice in the future. This kind of acknowledgement may \u201cbuy time\u201d for DDR, reducing the initial resentment that vic- tims and their advocates may feel towards ex-combatants. It signals to victims and their advocates that while the attention of the government and the international community involved in a peace process may be on the armed actors in the immediate post conflict period the obligation to victims will not be disregarded.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1543, "Sentence":"UN media- tors and other UN staff involved in advising a peace negotiation shall advise that agree- ments must be based on a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law, and include specific reference to obligations concerning accountability, truth, repara- tions and guarantees of non-repetition.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice un medium tor un staff involved advising peace negotiation shall advise agree ments must based commitment international humanitarian human right law include specific reference obligation concerning accountability truth repara tions guarantee nonrepetition ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"8.1.1. Observe obligations concerning accountability, truth, reparation and guarantees of non- repetition in peace agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A peace agreement can be considered a reflection of the priorities of the government(s), armed groups, and international organization(s), and other parties involved in a negotia- tion. While political and security issues, including DDR, may dominate the agenda, these issues need to be addressed in ways that observe international legal obligations. UN media- tors and other UN staff involved in advising a peace negotiation shall advise that agree- ments must be based on a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law, and include specific reference to obligations concerning accountability, truth, repara- tions and guarantees of non-repetition. Inclusion of these obligations demonstrates, at the least, that the violations suffered by war-affected populations other than ex-combatants are acknowledged, and keeps the door open for transitional justice in the future. This kind of acknowledgement may \u201cbuy time\u201d for DDR, reducing the initial resentment that vic- tims and their advocates may feel towards ex-combatants. It signals to victims and their advocates that while the attention of the government and the international community involved in a peace process may be on the armed actors in the immediate post conflict period the obligation to victims will not be disregarded.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1543, "Sentence":"Inclusion of these obligations demonstrates, at the least, that the violations suffered by war-affected populations other than ex-combatants are acknowledged, and keeps the door open for transitional justice in the future.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice inclusion obligation demonstrates least violation suffered waraffected population excombatants acknowledged keep door open transitional justice future ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"8.1.1. Observe obligations concerning accountability, truth, reparation and guarantees of non- repetition in peace agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A peace agreement can be considered a reflection of the priorities of the government(s), armed groups, and international organization(s), and other parties involved in a negotia- tion. While political and security issues, including DDR, may dominate the agenda, these issues need to be addressed in ways that observe international legal obligations. UN media- tors and other UN staff involved in advising a peace negotiation shall advise that agree- ments must be based on a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law, and include specific reference to obligations concerning accountability, truth, repara- tions and guarantees of non-repetition. Inclusion of these obligations demonstrates, at the least, that the violations suffered by war-affected populations other than ex-combatants are acknowledged, and keeps the door open for transitional justice in the future. This kind of acknowledgement may \u201cbuy time\u201d for DDR, reducing the initial resentment that vic- tims and their advocates may feel towards ex-combatants. It signals to victims and their advocates that while the attention of the government and the international community involved in a peace process may be on the armed actors in the immediate post conflict period the obligation to victims will not be disregarded.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1543, "Sentence":"This kind of acknowledgement may \u201cbuy time\u201d for DDR, reducing the initial resentment that vic- tims and their advocates may feel towards ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice kind acknowledgement may \u201c buy time \u201d ddr reducing initial resentment vic tims advocate may feel towards excombatants ." }, { "ID":21, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"8.1.1. Observe obligations concerning accountability, truth, reparation and guarantees of non- repetition in peace agreements", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"A peace agreement can be considered a reflection of the priorities of the government(s), armed groups, and international organization(s), and other parties involved in a negotia- tion. While political and security issues, including DDR, may dominate the agenda, these issues need to be addressed in ways that observe international legal obligations. UN media- tors and other UN staff involved in advising a peace negotiation shall advise that agree- ments must be based on a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law, and include specific reference to obligations concerning accountability, truth, repara- tions and guarantees of non-repetition. Inclusion of these obligations demonstrates, at the least, that the violations suffered by war-affected populations other than ex-combatants are acknowledged, and keeps the door open for transitional justice in the future. This kind of acknowledgement may \u201cbuy time\u201d for DDR, reducing the initial resentment that vic- tims and their advocates may feel towards ex-combatants. It signals to victims and their advocates that while the attention of the government and the international community involved in a peace process may be on the armed actors in the immediate post conflict period the obligation to victims will not be disregarded.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1543, "Sentence":"It signals to victims and their advocates that while the attention of the government and the international community involved in a peace process may be on the armed actors in the immediate post conflict period the obligation to victims will not be disregarded.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice signal victim advocate attention government international community involved peace process may armed actor immediate post conflict period obligation victim disregarded ." }, { "ID":22, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"8.1.2. Include victims and civil society in peace negotiation processes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Similarly to armed actors, victims and civil society should have a role in peace negotiation processes that allows them to articulate demands for accountability, truth and reparations.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1544, "Sentence":"Similarly to armed actors, victims and civil society should have a role in peace negotiation processes that allows them to articulate demands for accountability, truth and reparations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice similarly armed actor victim civil society role peace negotiation process allows articulate demand accountability truth reparation ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"8.1.3. Reject amnesties for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"It has been recognized that amnesties can play a valuable role in ending armed conflicts and reconciling divided communities, provided that they do not grant immunity to indi- viduals responsible for serious violations of international law. Under international law and UN policy, amnesties are impermissible if they: \\n prevent prosecution of those who may be responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights: \\n violate victims\u2019 rights to an effective remedy and to the truth; \\n Such broad amnesties may also undermine the law\u2019s function as a deterrent against crime and may create the impression that serious international crimes may be com- mitted with impunity.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1545, "Sentence":"It has been recognized that amnesties can play a valuable role in ending armed conflicts and reconciling divided communities, provided that they do not grant immunity to indi- viduals responsible for serious violations of international law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice recognized amnesty play valuable role ending armed conflict reconciling divided community provided grant immunity indi viduals responsible serious violation international law ." }, { "ID":23, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"8.1.3. Reject amnesties for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"It has been recognized that amnesties can play a valuable role in ending armed conflicts and reconciling divided communities, provided that they do not grant immunity to indi- viduals responsible for serious violations of international law. Under international law and UN policy, amnesties are impermissible if they: \\n prevent prosecution of those who may be responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights: \\n violate victims\u2019 rights to an effective remedy and to the truth; \\n Such broad amnesties may also undermine the law\u2019s function as a deterrent against crime and may create the impression that serious international crimes may be com- mitted with impunity.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1545, "Sentence":"Under international law and UN policy, amnesties are impermissible if they: \\n prevent prosecution of those who may be responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights: \\n violate victims\u2019 rights to an effective remedy and to the truth; \\n Such broad amnesties may also undermine the law\u2019s function as a deterrent against crime and may create the impression that serious international crimes may be com- mitted with impunity.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice international law un policy amnesty impermissible n prevent prosecution may responsible genocide crime humanity war crime gross violation human right n violate victim \u2019 right effective remedy truth n broad amnesty may also undermine law \u2019 function deterrent crime may create impression serious international crime may com mitted impunity ." }, { "ID":24, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"8.1.4. Consider targeted amnesties", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"While UN mediators and staff shall not condone amnesties for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights, certain targeted amnesties for political offences such as treason and rebellion may act as an incentive for demobilization while still allowing for prosecution of those most responsible for serious violations of inter- national humanitarian law and gross violations of international human rights law.32", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1546, "Sentence":"While UN mediators and staff shall not condone amnesties for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and gross violations of human rights, certain targeted amnesties for political offences such as treason and rebellion may act as an incentive for demobilization while still allowing for prosecution of those most responsible for serious violations of inter- national humanitarian law and gross violations of international human rights law.32", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice un mediator staff shall condone amnesty genocide crime humanity war crime gross violation human right certain targeted amnesty political offence treason rebellion may act incentive demobilization still allowing prosecution responsible serious violation inter national humanitarian law gross violation international human right law.32" }, { "ID":25, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"8.1.5. Donors for DDR programmes may consider comparable commitments to reparations for victims", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Member states that provide funding for DDR programmes should consider an equitable approach to war-affected populations, including investing in reparation and services to victims.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1547, "Sentence":"Member states that provide funding for DDR programmes should consider an equitable approach to war-affected populations, including investing in reparation and services to victims.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice member state provide funding ddr programme consider equitable approach waraffected population including investing reparation service victim ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"8.1.6. Integrate transitional justice into the training programmes and support materials for DDR practitioners", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Important elements of both DDR and transitional justice are shaped during peace negotia- tions in the preparation of the legal framework regulating post-conflict situations. When both DDR and transitional justice initiatives are included in a peace agreement, a connection is de facto created. UN mediators and other advisors to peace negotiations should be aware of the impact DDR and transitional justice measures may have on one another and con- sider how features of the peace agreement or a newly established legal framework may sustain the objectives of accountability and stability sought by transitional justice and DDR initiatives. Integrating transitional justice into the training programmes and support materials for UN mediators and officials and staff working in UN peacekeeping missions will provide UN professionals with a basic knowledge of different transitional justice measures, the relationship between transitional justice and DDR, and a sense of how these issues have been approached in other country contexts.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1548, "Sentence":"Important elements of both DDR and transitional justice are shaped during peace negotia- tions in the preparation of the legal framework regulating post-conflict situations.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice important element ddr transitional justice shaped peace negotia tions preparation legal framework regulating postconflict situation ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"8.1.6. Integrate transitional justice into the training programmes and support materials for DDR practitioners", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Important elements of both DDR and transitional justice are shaped during peace negotia- tions in the preparation of the legal framework regulating post-conflict situations. When both DDR and transitional justice initiatives are included in a peace agreement, a connection is de facto created. UN mediators and other advisors to peace negotiations should be aware of the impact DDR and transitional justice measures may have on one another and con- sider how features of the peace agreement or a newly established legal framework may sustain the objectives of accountability and stability sought by transitional justice and DDR initiatives. Integrating transitional justice into the training programmes and support materials for UN mediators and officials and staff working in UN peacekeeping missions will provide UN professionals with a basic knowledge of different transitional justice measures, the relationship between transitional justice and DDR, and a sense of how these issues have been approached in other country contexts.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1548, "Sentence":"When both DDR and transitional justice initiatives are included in a peace agreement, a connection is de facto created.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr transitional justice initiative included peace agreement connection de facto created ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"8.1.6. Integrate transitional justice into the training programmes and support materials for DDR practitioners", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Important elements of both DDR and transitional justice are shaped during peace negotia- tions in the preparation of the legal framework regulating post-conflict situations. When both DDR and transitional justice initiatives are included in a peace agreement, a connection is de facto created. UN mediators and other advisors to peace negotiations should be aware of the impact DDR and transitional justice measures may have on one another and con- sider how features of the peace agreement or a newly established legal framework may sustain the objectives of accountability and stability sought by transitional justice and DDR initiatives. Integrating transitional justice into the training programmes and support materials for UN mediators and officials and staff working in UN peacekeeping missions will provide UN professionals with a basic knowledge of different transitional justice measures, the relationship between transitional justice and DDR, and a sense of how these issues have been approached in other country contexts.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1548, "Sentence":"UN mediators and other advisors to peace negotiations should be aware of the impact DDR and transitional justice measures may have on one another and con- sider how features of the peace agreement or a newly established legal framework may sustain the objectives of accountability and stability sought by transitional justice and DDR initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice un mediator advisor peace negotiation aware impact ddr transitional justice measure may one another con sider feature peace agreement newly established legal framework may sustain objective accountability stability sought transitional justice ddr initiative ." }, { "ID":26, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.1. Ensuring DDR that complies with international standards .", "Heading3":"8.1.6. Integrate transitional justice into the training programmes and support materials for DDR practitioners", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":19, "Paragraph":"Important elements of both DDR and transitional justice are shaped during peace negotia- tions in the preparation of the legal framework regulating post-conflict situations. When both DDR and transitional justice initiatives are included in a peace agreement, a connection is de facto created. UN mediators and other advisors to peace negotiations should be aware of the impact DDR and transitional justice measures may have on one another and con- sider how features of the peace agreement or a newly established legal framework may sustain the objectives of accountability and stability sought by transitional justice and DDR initiatives. Integrating transitional justice into the training programmes and support materials for UN mediators and officials and staff working in UN peacekeeping missions will provide UN professionals with a basic knowledge of different transitional justice measures, the relationship between transitional justice and DDR, and a sense of how these issues have been approached in other country contexts.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1548, "Sentence":"Integrating transitional justice into the training programmes and support materials for UN mediators and officials and staff working in UN peacekeeping missions will provide UN professionals with a basic knowledge of different transitional justice measures, the relationship between transitional justice and DDR, and a sense of how these issues have been approached in other country contexts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice integrating transitional justice training programme support material un mediator official staff working un peacekeeping mission provide un professional basic knowledge different transitional justice measure relationship transitional justice ddr sense issue approached country context ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Box 6 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Action points for DDR practitioners \\n Integrate information on transitional justice measures into the field assessment. (See Annex B for a list of critical questions.) \\n Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law into the design of DDR programmes. \\n Identify a transitional justice focal point in the DDR programme and plan regular briefings and meetings with UN and national authorities working on transitional justice measures. \\n Coordinate on public information and outreach. \\n Integrate information on transitional justice into the ex-combatant discharge awareness raising process. \\n Involve and prepare recipient communities. \\n Consider community based reintegration approaches. \\n Action points for TJ practitioners \\n Designate a DDR focal point \\n Integrate information on DDR in conflict analysis, assessments and evaluations undertaken to support or advance transitional justice initiatives.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1549, "Sentence":"Box 6 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Action points for DDR practitioners \\n Integrate information on transitional justice measures into the field assessment.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice box 6 action point ddr tj practitioner n action point ddr practitioner n integrate information transitional justice measure field assessment ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Box 6 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Action points for DDR practitioners \\n Integrate information on transitional justice measures into the field assessment. (See Annex B for a list of critical questions.) \\n Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law into the design of DDR programmes. \\n Identify a transitional justice focal point in the DDR programme and plan regular briefings and meetings with UN and national authorities working on transitional justice measures. \\n Coordinate on public information and outreach. \\n Integrate information on transitional justice into the ex-combatant discharge awareness raising process. \\n Involve and prepare recipient communities. \\n Consider community based reintegration approaches. \\n Action points for TJ practitioners \\n Designate a DDR focal point \\n Integrate information on DDR in conflict analysis, assessments and evaluations undertaken to support or advance transitional justice initiatives.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1549, "Sentence":"(See Annex B for a list of critical questions.)", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice see annex b list critical question ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Box 6 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Action points for DDR practitioners \\n Integrate information on transitional justice measures into the field assessment. (See Annex B for a list of critical questions.) \\n Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law into the design of DDR programmes. \\n Identify a transitional justice focal point in the DDR programme and plan regular briefings and meetings with UN and national authorities working on transitional justice measures. \\n Coordinate on public information and outreach. \\n Integrate information on transitional justice into the ex-combatant discharge awareness raising process. \\n Involve and prepare recipient communities. \\n Consider community based reintegration approaches. \\n Action points for TJ practitioners \\n Designate a DDR focal point \\n Integrate information on DDR in conflict analysis, assessments and evaluations undertaken to support or advance transitional justice initiatives.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1549, "Sentence":"\\n Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law into the design of DDR programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n incorporate commitment international humanitarian human right law design ddr programme ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Box 6 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Action points for DDR practitioners \\n Integrate information on transitional justice measures into the field assessment. (See Annex B for a list of critical questions.) \\n Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law into the design of DDR programmes. \\n Identify a transitional justice focal point in the DDR programme and plan regular briefings and meetings with UN and national authorities working on transitional justice measures. \\n Coordinate on public information and outreach. \\n Integrate information on transitional justice into the ex-combatant discharge awareness raising process. \\n Involve and prepare recipient communities. \\n Consider community based reintegration approaches. \\n Action points for TJ practitioners \\n Designate a DDR focal point \\n Integrate information on DDR in conflict analysis, assessments and evaluations undertaken to support or advance transitional justice initiatives.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1549, "Sentence":"\\n Identify a transitional justice focal point in the DDR programme and plan regular briefings and meetings with UN and national authorities working on transitional justice measures.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n identify transitional justice focal point ddr programme plan regular briefing meeting un national authority working transitional justice measure ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Box 6 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Action points for DDR practitioners \\n Integrate information on transitional justice measures into the field assessment. (See Annex B for a list of critical questions.) \\n Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law into the design of DDR programmes. \\n Identify a transitional justice focal point in the DDR programme and plan regular briefings and meetings with UN and national authorities working on transitional justice measures. \\n Coordinate on public information and outreach. \\n Integrate information on transitional justice into the ex-combatant discharge awareness raising process. \\n Involve and prepare recipient communities. \\n Consider community based reintegration approaches. \\n Action points for TJ practitioners \\n Designate a DDR focal point \\n Integrate information on DDR in conflict analysis, assessments and evaluations undertaken to support or advance transitional justice initiatives.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1549, "Sentence":"\\n Coordinate on public information and outreach.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n coordinate public information outreach ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Box 6 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Action points for DDR practitioners \\n Integrate information on transitional justice measures into the field assessment. (See Annex B for a list of critical questions.) \\n Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law into the design of DDR programmes. \\n Identify a transitional justice focal point in the DDR programme and plan regular briefings and meetings with UN and national authorities working on transitional justice measures. \\n Coordinate on public information and outreach. \\n Integrate information on transitional justice into the ex-combatant discharge awareness raising process. \\n Involve and prepare recipient communities. \\n Consider community based reintegration approaches. \\n Action points for TJ practitioners \\n Designate a DDR focal point \\n Integrate information on DDR in conflict analysis, assessments and evaluations undertaken to support or advance transitional justice initiatives.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1549, "Sentence":"\\n Integrate information on transitional justice into the ex-combatant discharge awareness raising process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n integrate information transitional justice excombatant discharge awareness raising process ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Box 6 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Action points for DDR practitioners \\n Integrate information on transitional justice measures into the field assessment. (See Annex B for a list of critical questions.) \\n Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law into the design of DDR programmes. \\n Identify a transitional justice focal point in the DDR programme and plan regular briefings and meetings with UN and national authorities working on transitional justice measures. \\n Coordinate on public information and outreach. \\n Integrate information on transitional justice into the ex-combatant discharge awareness raising process. \\n Involve and prepare recipient communities. \\n Consider community based reintegration approaches. \\n Action points for TJ practitioners \\n Designate a DDR focal point \\n Integrate information on DDR in conflict analysis, assessments and evaluations undertaken to support or advance transitional justice initiatives.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1549, "Sentence":"\\n Involve and prepare recipient communities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n involve prepare recipient community ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Box 6 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Action points for DDR practitioners \\n Integrate information on transitional justice measures into the field assessment. (See Annex B for a list of critical questions.) \\n Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law into the design of DDR programmes. \\n Identify a transitional justice focal point in the DDR programme and plan regular briefings and meetings with UN and national authorities working on transitional justice measures. \\n Coordinate on public information and outreach. \\n Integrate information on transitional justice into the ex-combatant discharge awareness raising process. \\n Involve and prepare recipient communities. \\n Consider community based reintegration approaches. \\n Action points for TJ practitioners \\n Designate a DDR focal point \\n Integrate information on DDR in conflict analysis, assessments and evaluations undertaken to support or advance transitional justice initiatives.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1549, "Sentence":"\\n Consider community based reintegration approaches.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n consider community based reintegration approach ." }, { "ID":27, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Box 6 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Action points for DDR practitioners \\n Integrate information on transitional justice measures into the field assessment. (See Annex B for a list of critical questions.) \\n Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human rights law into the design of DDR programmes. \\n Identify a transitional justice focal point in the DDR programme and plan regular briefings and meetings with UN and national authorities working on transitional justice measures. \\n Coordinate on public information and outreach. \\n Integrate information on transitional justice into the ex-combatant discharge awareness raising process. \\n Involve and prepare recipient communities. \\n Consider community based reintegration approaches. \\n Action points for TJ practitioners \\n Designate a DDR focal point \\n Integrate information on DDR in conflict analysis, assessments and evaluations undertaken to support or advance transitional justice initiatives.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1549, "Sentence":"\\n Action points for TJ practitioners \\n Designate a DDR focal point \\n Integrate information on DDR in conflict analysis, assessments and evaluations undertaken to support or advance transitional justice initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n action point tj practitioner n designate ddr focal point n integrate information ddr conflict analysis assessment evaluation undertaken support advance transitional justice initiative ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.1. Integrate information on transitional justice measures into the field assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Information about transitional justice measures is an important component of DDR assess- ment and design. Transitional justice measures and their potential for contributing to or hindering DDR objectives should be considered in the integrated DDR planning process, particularly in the detailed field assessment. Are transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement? Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? A list of critical questions related to the intersection between transitional justice and DDR is available in Annex C. For more infor- mation on conducting a field assessment see Module 3.20 on DDR Programme Design.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1550, "Sentence":"Information about transitional justice measures is an important component of DDR assess- ment and design.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice information transitional justice measure important component ddr ass ment design ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.1. Integrate information on transitional justice measures into the field assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Information about transitional justice measures is an important component of DDR assess- ment and design. Transitional justice measures and their potential for contributing to or hindering DDR objectives should be considered in the integrated DDR planning process, particularly in the detailed field assessment. Are transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement? Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? A list of critical questions related to the intersection between transitional justice and DDR is available in Annex C. For more infor- mation on conducting a field assessment see Module 3.20 on DDR Programme Design.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1550, "Sentence":"Transitional justice measures and their potential for contributing to or hindering DDR objectives should be considered in the integrated DDR planning process, particularly in the detailed field assessment.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice transitional justice measure potential contributing hindering ddr objective considered integrated ddr planning process particularly detailed field assessment ." }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.1. Integrate information on transitional justice measures into the field assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Information about transitional justice measures is an important component of DDR assess- ment and design. Transitional justice measures and their potential for contributing to or hindering DDR objectives should be considered in the integrated DDR planning process, particularly in the detailed field assessment. Are transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement? Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? A list of critical questions related to the intersection between transitional justice and DDR is available in Annex C. For more infor- mation on conducting a field assessment see Module 3.20 on DDR Programme Design.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1550, "Sentence":"Are transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice transitional justice measure mandated peace agreement" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.1. Integrate information on transitional justice measures into the field assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Information about transitional justice measures is an important component of DDR assess- ment and design. Transitional justice measures and their potential for contributing to or hindering DDR objectives should be considered in the integrated DDR planning process, particularly in the detailed field assessment. Are transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement? Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? A list of critical questions related to the intersection between transitional justice and DDR is available in Annex C. For more infor- mation on conducting a field assessment see Module 3.20 on DDR Programme Design.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1550, "Sentence":"Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice peace agreement stipulate connection ddr process transitional justice measure" }, { "ID":28, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.1. Integrate information on transitional justice measures into the field assessment", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Information about transitional justice measures is an important component of DDR assess- ment and design. Transitional justice measures and their potential for contributing to or hindering DDR objectives should be considered in the integrated DDR planning process, particularly in the detailed field assessment. Are transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement? Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? A list of critical questions related to the intersection between transitional justice and DDR is available in Annex C. For more infor- mation on conducting a field assessment see Module 3.20 on DDR Programme Design.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1550, "Sentence":"A list of critical questions related to the intersection between transitional justice and DDR is available in Annex C. For more infor- mation on conducting a field assessment see Module 3.20 on DDR Programme Design.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice list critical question related intersection transitional justice ddr available annex c. infor mation conducting field assessment see module 3.20 ddr programme design ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.2. Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human right law into the design of DDR programmes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes supported by the UN are committed to respect, ensure respect for, and implement international humanitarian and human rights law (see Module 2.1, section 5.15). This means protecting the rights of those who participate in DDR programmes, as well as the rights of the members of the communities who are asked to receive and integrate ex-combatants. DDR programmes that uphold humanitarian and human rights law and hold accountable those who violate the law are likely to be perceived as more legitimate processes by both the ex-combatants, who are their immediate beneficiaries, and the society as a whole. Procedures that affirm this commitment may include the following: \\n 1. International and national staff shall be trained as to their obligations under international law; \\n 2. Rules and regulations aimed at protecting human rights and upholding international humanitarian law shall be developed, posted, and communicated to staff and all ex- combatants who participate in DDR. \\n 3.Additionally, an appropriate means of reporting and penalizing those who violate international or national law to the appropriate authorities shall be created and made available to staff, participating ex-combatants, and members of recipient communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1551, "Sentence":"DDR programmes supported by the UN are committed to respect, ensure respect for, and implement international humanitarian and human rights law (see Module 2.1, section 5.15).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr programme supported un committed respect ensure respect implement international humanitarian human right law see module 2.1 section 5.15 ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.2. Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human right law into the design of DDR programmes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes supported by the UN are committed to respect, ensure respect for, and implement international humanitarian and human rights law (see Module 2.1, section 5.15). This means protecting the rights of those who participate in DDR programmes, as well as the rights of the members of the communities who are asked to receive and integrate ex-combatants. DDR programmes that uphold humanitarian and human rights law and hold accountable those who violate the law are likely to be perceived as more legitimate processes by both the ex-combatants, who are their immediate beneficiaries, and the society as a whole. Procedures that affirm this commitment may include the following: \\n 1. International and national staff shall be trained as to their obligations under international law; \\n 2. Rules and regulations aimed at protecting human rights and upholding international humanitarian law shall be developed, posted, and communicated to staff and all ex- combatants who participate in DDR. \\n 3.Additionally, an appropriate means of reporting and penalizing those who violate international or national law to the appropriate authorities shall be created and made available to staff, participating ex-combatants, and members of recipient communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1551, "Sentence":"This means protecting the rights of those who participate in DDR programmes, as well as the rights of the members of the communities who are asked to receive and integrate ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice mean protecting right participate ddr programme well right member community asked receive integrate excombatants ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.2. Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human right law into the design of DDR programmes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes supported by the UN are committed to respect, ensure respect for, and implement international humanitarian and human rights law (see Module 2.1, section 5.15). This means protecting the rights of those who participate in DDR programmes, as well as the rights of the members of the communities who are asked to receive and integrate ex-combatants. DDR programmes that uphold humanitarian and human rights law and hold accountable those who violate the law are likely to be perceived as more legitimate processes by both the ex-combatants, who are their immediate beneficiaries, and the society as a whole. Procedures that affirm this commitment may include the following: \\n 1. International and national staff shall be trained as to their obligations under international law; \\n 2. Rules and regulations aimed at protecting human rights and upholding international humanitarian law shall be developed, posted, and communicated to staff and all ex- combatants who participate in DDR. \\n 3.Additionally, an appropriate means of reporting and penalizing those who violate international or national law to the appropriate authorities shall be created and made available to staff, participating ex-combatants, and members of recipient communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1551, "Sentence":"DDR programmes that uphold humanitarian and human rights law and hold accountable those who violate the law are likely to be perceived as more legitimate processes by both the ex-combatants, who are their immediate beneficiaries, and the society as a whole.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr programme uphold humanitarian human right law hold accountable violate law likely perceived legitimate process excombatants immediate beneficiary society whole ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.2. Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human right law into the design of DDR programmes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes supported by the UN are committed to respect, ensure respect for, and implement international humanitarian and human rights law (see Module 2.1, section 5.15). This means protecting the rights of those who participate in DDR programmes, as well as the rights of the members of the communities who are asked to receive and integrate ex-combatants. DDR programmes that uphold humanitarian and human rights law and hold accountable those who violate the law are likely to be perceived as more legitimate processes by both the ex-combatants, who are their immediate beneficiaries, and the society as a whole. Procedures that affirm this commitment may include the following: \\n 1. International and national staff shall be trained as to their obligations under international law; \\n 2. Rules and regulations aimed at protecting human rights and upholding international humanitarian law shall be developed, posted, and communicated to staff and all ex- combatants who participate in DDR. \\n 3.Additionally, an appropriate means of reporting and penalizing those who violate international or national law to the appropriate authorities shall be created and made available to staff, participating ex-combatants, and members of recipient communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1551, "Sentence":"Procedures that affirm this commitment may include the following: \\n 1. International and national staff shall be trained as to their obligations under international law; \\n 2.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice procedure affirm commitment may include following n 1. international national staff shall trained obligation international law n 2 ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.2. Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human right law into the design of DDR programmes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes supported by the UN are committed to respect, ensure respect for, and implement international humanitarian and human rights law (see Module 2.1, section 5.15). This means protecting the rights of those who participate in DDR programmes, as well as the rights of the members of the communities who are asked to receive and integrate ex-combatants. DDR programmes that uphold humanitarian and human rights law and hold accountable those who violate the law are likely to be perceived as more legitimate processes by both the ex-combatants, who are their immediate beneficiaries, and the society as a whole. Procedures that affirm this commitment may include the following: \\n 1. International and national staff shall be trained as to their obligations under international law; \\n 2. Rules and regulations aimed at protecting human rights and upholding international humanitarian law shall be developed, posted, and communicated to staff and all ex- combatants who participate in DDR. \\n 3.Additionally, an appropriate means of reporting and penalizing those who violate international or national law to the appropriate authorities shall be created and made available to staff, participating ex-combatants, and members of recipient communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1551, "Sentence":"Rules and regulations aimed at protecting human rights and upholding international humanitarian law shall be developed, posted, and communicated to staff and all ex- combatants who participate in DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice rule regulation aimed protecting human right upholding international humanitarian law shall developed posted communicated staff ex combatant participate ddr ." }, { "ID":29, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.2. Incorporate a commitment to international humanitarian and human right law into the design of DDR programmes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes supported by the UN are committed to respect, ensure respect for, and implement international humanitarian and human rights law (see Module 2.1, section 5.15). This means protecting the rights of those who participate in DDR programmes, as well as the rights of the members of the communities who are asked to receive and integrate ex-combatants. DDR programmes that uphold humanitarian and human rights law and hold accountable those who violate the law are likely to be perceived as more legitimate processes by both the ex-combatants, who are their immediate beneficiaries, and the society as a whole. Procedures that affirm this commitment may include the following: \\n 1. International and national staff shall be trained as to their obligations under international law; \\n 2. Rules and regulations aimed at protecting human rights and upholding international humanitarian law shall be developed, posted, and communicated to staff and all ex- combatants who participate in DDR. \\n 3.Additionally, an appropriate means of reporting and penalizing those who violate international or national law to the appropriate authorities shall be created and made available to staff, participating ex-combatants, and members of recipient communities.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":1, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1551, "Sentence":"\\n 3.Additionally, an appropriate means of reporting and penalizing those who violate international or national law to the appropriate authorities shall be created and made available to staff, participating ex-combatants, and members of recipient communities.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 3.additionally appropriate mean reporting penalizing violate international national law appropriate authority shall created made available staff participating excombatants member recipient community ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.3. Identify a transitional justice focal point in the DDR programme and plan regular briefing and meetings with UN and national authorities working on transitional justice measures", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Identification of individuals that may serve as formal focal points within the DDR programme, within the UN country team working on transitional justice, and within relevant national institutions, may facilitate regular communication between DDR and transitional justice measures. DDR administrators and international and national actors working on transitional justice initiatives should plan for regular meetings as opportunities for exchange, to proac- tively deal with any possible tensions, and to explore the possibilities for effective coordination.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1552, "Sentence":"Identification of individuals that may serve as formal focal points within the DDR programme, within the UN country team working on transitional justice, and within relevant national institutions, may facilitate regular communication between DDR and transitional justice measures.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice identification individual may serve formal focal point within ddr programme within un country team working transitional justice within relevant national institution may facilitate regular communication ddr transitional justice measure ." }, { "ID":30, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.3. Identify a transitional justice focal point in the DDR programme and plan regular briefing and meetings with UN and national authorities working on transitional justice measures", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":21, "Paragraph":"Identification of individuals that may serve as formal focal points within the DDR programme, within the UN country team working on transitional justice, and within relevant national institutions, may facilitate regular communication between DDR and transitional justice measures. DDR administrators and international and national actors working on transitional justice initiatives should plan for regular meetings as opportunities for exchange, to proac- tively deal with any possible tensions, and to explore the possibilities for effective coordination.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1552, "Sentence":"DDR administrators and international and national actors working on transitional justice initiatives should plan for regular meetings as opportunities for exchange, to proac- tively deal with any possible tensions, and to explore the possibilities for effective coordination.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr administrator international national actor working transitional justice initiative plan regular meeting opportunity exchange proac tively deal possible tension explore possibility effective coordination ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.4. Coordinate on public information and outreach", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"The dissemination of public information is a crucial task of both DDR and transitional justice initiatives (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Poor coordination in public outreach may generate conflicting and par- tial messages. DDR and transitional justice should seek ways to coordinate their public information efforts. Increased consultation and coordination concerning what and how information is released to the public may reduce the spread of misinformation and rein- force the objectives of both transitional justice and DDR. The designation of a transitional justice focal point in the DDR programme, and regular meetings with other relevant UN and national actors, may facilitate discussion on how to better coordinate public informa- tion and outreach to support the goals of both DDR and transitional justice.Civil society may also play a role in public information and outreach. Working with relevant civil society organizations may help the DDR programme to reach a wider audi- ence and ensure that information offered to the public is communicated in appropriate ways, for example, in local languages or through local radio.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1553, "Sentence":"The dissemination of public information is a crucial task of both DDR and transitional justice initiatives (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice dissemination public information crucial task ddr transitional justice initiative see iddrs 4.60 public information strategic communication support ddr ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.4. Coordinate on public information and outreach", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"The dissemination of public information is a crucial task of both DDR and transitional justice initiatives (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Poor coordination in public outreach may generate conflicting and par- tial messages. DDR and transitional justice should seek ways to coordinate their public information efforts. Increased consultation and coordination concerning what and how information is released to the public may reduce the spread of misinformation and rein- force the objectives of both transitional justice and DDR. The designation of a transitional justice focal point in the DDR programme, and regular meetings with other relevant UN and national actors, may facilitate discussion on how to better coordinate public informa- tion and outreach to support the goals of both DDR and transitional justice.Civil society may also play a role in public information and outreach. Working with relevant civil society organizations may help the DDR programme to reach a wider audi- ence and ensure that information offered to the public is communicated in appropriate ways, for example, in local languages or through local radio.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1553, "Sentence":"Poor coordination in public outreach may generate conflicting and par- tial messages.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice poor coordination public outreach may generate conflicting par tial message ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.4. Coordinate on public information and outreach", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"The dissemination of public information is a crucial task of both DDR and transitional justice initiatives (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Poor coordination in public outreach may generate conflicting and par- tial messages. DDR and transitional justice should seek ways to coordinate their public information efforts. Increased consultation and coordination concerning what and how information is released to the public may reduce the spread of misinformation and rein- force the objectives of both transitional justice and DDR. The designation of a transitional justice focal point in the DDR programme, and regular meetings with other relevant UN and national actors, may facilitate discussion on how to better coordinate public informa- tion and outreach to support the goals of both DDR and transitional justice.Civil society may also play a role in public information and outreach. Working with relevant civil society organizations may help the DDR programme to reach a wider audi- ence and ensure that information offered to the public is communicated in appropriate ways, for example, in local languages or through local radio.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1553, "Sentence":"DDR and transitional justice should seek ways to coordinate their public information efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr transitional justice seek way coordinate public information effort ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.4. Coordinate on public information and outreach", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"The dissemination of public information is a crucial task of both DDR and transitional justice initiatives (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Poor coordination in public outreach may generate conflicting and par- tial messages. DDR and transitional justice should seek ways to coordinate their public information efforts. Increased consultation and coordination concerning what and how information is released to the public may reduce the spread of misinformation and rein- force the objectives of both transitional justice and DDR. The designation of a transitional justice focal point in the DDR programme, and regular meetings with other relevant UN and national actors, may facilitate discussion on how to better coordinate public informa- tion and outreach to support the goals of both DDR and transitional justice.Civil society may also play a role in public information and outreach. Working with relevant civil society organizations may help the DDR programme to reach a wider audi- ence and ensure that information offered to the public is communicated in appropriate ways, for example, in local languages or through local radio.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1553, "Sentence":"Increased consultation and coordination concerning what and how information is released to the public may reduce the spread of misinformation and rein- force the objectives of both transitional justice and DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice increased consultation coordination concerning information released public may reduce spread misinformation rein force objective transitional justice ddr ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.4. Coordinate on public information and outreach", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"The dissemination of public information is a crucial task of both DDR and transitional justice initiatives (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Poor coordination in public outreach may generate conflicting and par- tial messages. DDR and transitional justice should seek ways to coordinate their public information efforts. Increased consultation and coordination concerning what and how information is released to the public may reduce the spread of misinformation and rein- force the objectives of both transitional justice and DDR. The designation of a transitional justice focal point in the DDR programme, and regular meetings with other relevant UN and national actors, may facilitate discussion on how to better coordinate public informa- tion and outreach to support the goals of both DDR and transitional justice.Civil society may also play a role in public information and outreach. Working with relevant civil society organizations may help the DDR programme to reach a wider audi- ence and ensure that information offered to the public is communicated in appropriate ways, for example, in local languages or through local radio.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1553, "Sentence":"The designation of a transitional justice focal point in the DDR programme, and regular meetings with other relevant UN and national actors, may facilitate discussion on how to better coordinate public informa- tion and outreach to support the goals of both DDR and transitional justice.Civil society may also play a role in public information and outreach.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice designation transitional justice focal point ddr programme regular meeting relevant un national actor may facilitate discussion better coordinate public informa tion outreach support goal ddr transitional justice.civil society may also play role public information outreach ." }, { "ID":31, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.4. Coordinate on public information and outreach", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"The dissemination of public information is a crucial task of both DDR and transitional justice initiatives (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). Poor coordination in public outreach may generate conflicting and par- tial messages. DDR and transitional justice should seek ways to coordinate their public information efforts. Increased consultation and coordination concerning what and how information is released to the public may reduce the spread of misinformation and rein- force the objectives of both transitional justice and DDR. The designation of a transitional justice focal point in the DDR programme, and regular meetings with other relevant UN and national actors, may facilitate discussion on how to better coordinate public informa- tion and outreach to support the goals of both DDR and transitional justice.Civil society may also play a role in public information and outreach. Working with relevant civil society organizations may help the DDR programme to reach a wider audi- ence and ensure that information offered to the public is communicated in appropriate ways, for example, in local languages or through local radio.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1553, "Sentence":"Working with relevant civil society organizations may help the DDR programme to reach a wider audi- ence and ensure that information offered to the public is communicated in appropriate ways, for example, in local languages or through local radio.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice working relevant civil society organization may help ddr programme reach wider audi ence ensure information offered public communicated appropriate way example local language local radio ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.5. Integrate information on transitional justice into the ex-combatant pre-discharge sensitization process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants also need information about provisions for justice, particularly if it could affect their reintegration process. Clearly communicated information may decrease anxiety that ex-combatants may feel about transitional justice measures. The discharge awareness raising process is an opportunity to work with UN colleagues or national authorities to develop a briefing on transitional justice measures ongoing in the country and to discuss how, or if, this will have an impact on ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1554, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants also need information about provisions for justice, particularly if it could affect their reintegration process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice excombatants also need information provision justice particularly could affect reintegration process ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.5. Integrate information on transitional justice into the ex-combatant pre-discharge sensitization process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants also need information about provisions for justice, particularly if it could affect their reintegration process. Clearly communicated information may decrease anxiety that ex-combatants may feel about transitional justice measures. The discharge awareness raising process is an opportunity to work with UN colleagues or national authorities to develop a briefing on transitional justice measures ongoing in the country and to discuss how, or if, this will have an impact on ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1554, "Sentence":"Clearly communicated information may decrease anxiety that ex-combatants may feel about transitional justice measures.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice clearly communicated information may decrease anxiety excombatants may feel transitional justice measure ." }, { "ID":32, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.5. Integrate information on transitional justice into the ex-combatant pre-discharge sensitization process", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants also need information about provisions for justice, particularly if it could affect their reintegration process. Clearly communicated information may decrease anxiety that ex-combatants may feel about transitional justice measures. The discharge awareness raising process is an opportunity to work with UN colleagues or national authorities to develop a briefing on transitional justice measures ongoing in the country and to discuss how, or if, this will have an impact on ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1554, "Sentence":"The discharge awareness raising process is an opportunity to work with UN colleagues or national authorities to develop a briefing on transitional justice measures ongoing in the country and to discuss how, or if, this will have an impact on ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice discharge awareness raising process opportunity work un colleague national authority develop briefing transitional justice measure ongoing country discus impact excombatants ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.6. Involve and prepare recipient communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Community tension around reintegration processes will be eased if recipient communities are involved and prepared for returning ex-combatants. Recipient communities should be included in the public information and outreach strategy and should have an opportunity to ask questions and discuss the reintegration process before ex-combatants return, including issues related to ex-combatant accountability. In some cases, DDR programmes have encour- aged the organization of community committees to deal with ex-combatant reintegration. These committees may serve as a forum for exploring ex-combatant participation in locally- based justice processes as well as for dispute resolution and problem solving if problems arise between community members and ex-combatants (also see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1555, "Sentence":"Community tension around reintegration processes will be eased if recipient communities are involved and prepared for returning ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice community tension around reintegration process eased recipient community involved prepared returning excombatants ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.6. Involve and prepare recipient communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Community tension around reintegration processes will be eased if recipient communities are involved and prepared for returning ex-combatants. Recipient communities should be included in the public information and outreach strategy and should have an opportunity to ask questions and discuss the reintegration process before ex-combatants return, including issues related to ex-combatant accountability. In some cases, DDR programmes have encour- aged the organization of community committees to deal with ex-combatant reintegration. These committees may serve as a forum for exploring ex-combatant participation in locally- based justice processes as well as for dispute resolution and problem solving if problems arise between community members and ex-combatants (also see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1555, "Sentence":"Recipient communities should be included in the public information and outreach strategy and should have an opportunity to ask questions and discuss the reintegration process before ex-combatants return, including issues related to ex-combatant accountability.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice recipient community included public information outreach strategy opportunity ask question discus reintegration process excombatants return including issue related excombatant accountability ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.6. Involve and prepare recipient communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Community tension around reintegration processes will be eased if recipient communities are involved and prepared for returning ex-combatants. Recipient communities should be included in the public information and outreach strategy and should have an opportunity to ask questions and discuss the reintegration process before ex-combatants return, including issues related to ex-combatant accountability. In some cases, DDR programmes have encour- aged the organization of community committees to deal with ex-combatant reintegration. These committees may serve as a forum for exploring ex-combatant participation in locally- based justice processes as well as for dispute resolution and problem solving if problems arise between community members and ex-combatants (also see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1555, "Sentence":"In some cases, DDR programmes have encour- aged the organization of community committees to deal with ex-combatant reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice case ddr programme encour aged organization community committee deal excombatant reintegration ." }, { "ID":33, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.6. Involve and prepare recipient communities", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":22, "Paragraph":"Community tension around reintegration processes will be eased if recipient communities are involved and prepared for returning ex-combatants. Recipient communities should be included in the public information and outreach strategy and should have an opportunity to ask questions and discuss the reintegration process before ex-combatants return, including issues related to ex-combatant accountability. In some cases, DDR programmes have encour- aged the organization of community committees to deal with ex-combatant reintegration. These committees may serve as a forum for exploring ex-combatant participation in locally- based justice processes as well as for dispute resolution and problem solving if problems arise between community members and ex-combatants (also see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1555, "Sentence":"These committees may serve as a forum for exploring ex-combatant participation in locally- based justice processes as well as for dispute resolution and problem solving if problems arise between community members and ex-combatants (also see IDDRS 4.30 on Reintegration).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice committee may serve forum exploring excombatant participation locally based justice process well dispute resolution problem solving problem arise community member excombatants also see iddrs 4.30 reintegration ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.7. Consider community-based reintegration approaches", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Compared to targeted assistance programmes for ex-combatants, community-based reinte- gration approaches have advantages that may provide broader benefits within the com- munity. Such approaches have more potential for sustainability as ex-combatants are located in the communities and work together with other community members for local develop- ment. Such an approach may also promote community reconciliation as ex-combatants are not seen as the sole beneficiaries of assistance. Additionally, reintegration activities, apart from community recovery and reintegration, may link into other development programmes. It also promotes closer collaboration with other development actors. Finally, community- based reintegration promotes community empowerment, transparency and accountability as beneficiaries are selected through community-based approaches.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1556, "Sentence":"Compared to targeted assistance programmes for ex-combatants, community-based reinte- gration approaches have advantages that may provide broader benefits within the com- munity.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice compared targeted assistance programme excombatants communitybased reinte gration approach advantage may provide broader benefit within com munity ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.7. Consider community-based reintegration approaches", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Compared to targeted assistance programmes for ex-combatants, community-based reinte- gration approaches have advantages that may provide broader benefits within the com- munity. Such approaches have more potential for sustainability as ex-combatants are located in the communities and work together with other community members for local develop- ment. Such an approach may also promote community reconciliation as ex-combatants are not seen as the sole beneficiaries of assistance. Additionally, reintegration activities, apart from community recovery and reintegration, may link into other development programmes. It also promotes closer collaboration with other development actors. Finally, community- based reintegration promotes community empowerment, transparency and accountability as beneficiaries are selected through community-based approaches.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1556, "Sentence":"Such approaches have more potential for sustainability as ex-combatants are located in the communities and work together with other community members for local develop- ment.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice approach potential sustainability excombatants located community work together community member local develop ment ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.7. Consider community-based reintegration approaches", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Compared to targeted assistance programmes for ex-combatants, community-based reinte- gration approaches have advantages that may provide broader benefits within the com- munity. Such approaches have more potential for sustainability as ex-combatants are located in the communities and work together with other community members for local develop- ment. Such an approach may also promote community reconciliation as ex-combatants are not seen as the sole beneficiaries of assistance. Additionally, reintegration activities, apart from community recovery and reintegration, may link into other development programmes. It also promotes closer collaboration with other development actors. Finally, community- based reintegration promotes community empowerment, transparency and accountability as beneficiaries are selected through community-based approaches.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1556, "Sentence":"Such an approach may also promote community reconciliation as ex-combatants are not seen as the sole beneficiaries of assistance.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice approach may also promote community reconciliation excombatants seen sole beneficiary assistance ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.7. Consider community-based reintegration approaches", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Compared to targeted assistance programmes for ex-combatants, community-based reinte- gration approaches have advantages that may provide broader benefits within the com- munity. Such approaches have more potential for sustainability as ex-combatants are located in the communities and work together with other community members for local develop- ment. Such an approach may also promote community reconciliation as ex-combatants are not seen as the sole beneficiaries of assistance. Additionally, reintegration activities, apart from community recovery and reintegration, may link into other development programmes. It also promotes closer collaboration with other development actors. Finally, community- based reintegration promotes community empowerment, transparency and accountability as beneficiaries are selected through community-based approaches.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1556, "Sentence":"Additionally, reintegration activities, apart from community recovery and reintegration, may link into other development programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice additionally reintegration activity apart community recovery reintegration may link development programme ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.7. Consider community-based reintegration approaches", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Compared to targeted assistance programmes for ex-combatants, community-based reinte- gration approaches have advantages that may provide broader benefits within the com- munity. Such approaches have more potential for sustainability as ex-combatants are located in the communities and work together with other community members for local develop- ment. Such an approach may also promote community reconciliation as ex-combatants are not seen as the sole beneficiaries of assistance. Additionally, reintegration activities, apart from community recovery and reintegration, may link into other development programmes. It also promotes closer collaboration with other development actors. Finally, community- based reintegration promotes community empowerment, transparency and accountability as beneficiaries are selected through community-based approaches.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1556, "Sentence":"It also promotes closer collaboration with other development actors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice also promotes closer collaboration development actor ." }, { "ID":34, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.7. Consider community-based reintegration approaches", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Compared to targeted assistance programmes for ex-combatants, community-based reinte- gration approaches have advantages that may provide broader benefits within the com- munity. Such approaches have more potential for sustainability as ex-combatants are located in the communities and work together with other community members for local develop- ment. Such an approach may also promote community reconciliation as ex-combatants are not seen as the sole beneficiaries of assistance. Additionally, reintegration activities, apart from community recovery and reintegration, may link into other development programmes. It also promotes closer collaboration with other development actors. Finally, community- based reintegration promotes community empowerment, transparency and accountability as beneficiaries are selected through community-based approaches.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1556, "Sentence":"Finally, community- based reintegration promotes community empowerment, transparency and accountability as beneficiaries are selected through community-based approaches.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice finally community based reintegration promotes community empowerment transparency accountability beneficiary selected communitybased approach ." }, { "ID":35, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.8. Transitional justice initiatives should designate a focal point for DDR", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Transitional justice practitioners working on prosecutions processes, truth commissions, reparations programmes and institutional reform initiatives should communicate with the DDR program, identify a focal point for DDR as part of their outreach activities and actively seek opportunities for information exchange and collaboration, including possible coordi- nation on public information strategies as proposed above.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1557, "Sentence":"Transitional justice practitioners working on prosecutions processes, truth commissions, reparations programmes and institutional reform initiatives should communicate with the DDR program, identify a focal point for DDR as part of their outreach activities and actively seek opportunities for information exchange and collaboration, including possible coordi- nation on public information strategies as proposed above.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice transitional justice practitioner working prosecution process truth commission reparation programme institutional reform initiative communicate ddr program identify focal point ddr part outreach activity actively seek opportunity information exchange collaboration including possible coordi nation public information strategy proposed ." }, { "ID":36, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.2. Designing DDR programmes that \u201cdo no harm\u201d", "Heading3":"8.2.9. Integrate information on DDR in conflict analysis, assessments and evaluations undertaken to support or advance transitional justice initiatives", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Transitional justice practitioners should also be aware of the impact of DDR on their goals and objectives by considering the DDR programme in their analytical tools for design, assess- ment and evaluation.", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1558, "Sentence":"Transitional justice practitioners should also be aware of the impact of DDR on their goals and objectives by considering the DDR programme in their analytical tools for design, assess- ment and evaluation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice transitional justice practitioner also aware impact ddr goal objective considering ddr programme analytical tool design ass ment evaluation ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Box 7 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Consider sharing programme information. \\n Consider developing a common approach to gathering information on children who leave armed forces and groups \\n Consider screening of human rights records of ex-combatants. \\n Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts. \\n Coordinate on strategies to target spoilers. \\n Encourage ex-combatants to participate in transitional justice measures. \\n Consider how DDR may connect to and support legitimate locally based justice processes. \\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of women associated with armed groups and forces. \\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces. \\n Consider how the design of the DDR programme contributes to the aims of institutional reform.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1559, "Sentence":"Box 7 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Consider sharing programme information.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice box 7 action point ddr tj practitioner n consider sharing programme information ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Box 7 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Consider sharing programme information. \\n Consider developing a common approach to gathering information on children who leave armed forces and groups \\n Consider screening of human rights records of ex-combatants. \\n Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts. \\n Coordinate on strategies to target spoilers. \\n Encourage ex-combatants to participate in transitional justice measures. \\n Consider how DDR may connect to and support legitimate locally based justice processes. \\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of women associated with armed groups and forces. \\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces. \\n Consider how the design of the DDR programme contributes to the aims of institutional reform.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1559, "Sentence":"\\n Consider developing a common approach to gathering information on children who leave armed forces and groups \\n Consider screening of human rights records of ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n consider developing common approach gathering information child leave armed force group n consider screening human right record excombatants ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Box 7 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Consider sharing programme information. \\n Consider developing a common approach to gathering information on children who leave armed forces and groups \\n Consider screening of human rights records of ex-combatants. \\n Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts. \\n Coordinate on strategies to target spoilers. \\n Encourage ex-combatants to participate in transitional justice measures. \\n Consider how DDR may connect to and support legitimate locally based justice processes. \\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of women associated with armed groups and forces. \\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces. \\n Consider how the design of the DDR programme contributes to the aims of institutional reform.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1559, "Sentence":"\\n Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n collaborate sequencing ddr tj effort ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Box 7 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Consider sharing programme information. \\n Consider developing a common approach to gathering information on children who leave armed forces and groups \\n Consider screening of human rights records of ex-combatants. \\n Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts. \\n Coordinate on strategies to target spoilers. \\n Encourage ex-combatants to participate in transitional justice measures. \\n Consider how DDR may connect to and support legitimate locally based justice processes. \\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of women associated with armed groups and forces. \\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces. \\n Consider how the design of the DDR programme contributes to the aims of institutional reform.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1559, "Sentence":"\\n Coordinate on strategies to target spoilers.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n coordinate strategy target spoiler ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Box 7 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Consider sharing programme information. \\n Consider developing a common approach to gathering information on children who leave armed forces and groups \\n Consider screening of human rights records of ex-combatants. \\n Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts. \\n Coordinate on strategies to target spoilers. \\n Encourage ex-combatants to participate in transitional justice measures. \\n Consider how DDR may connect to and support legitimate locally based justice processes. \\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of women associated with armed groups and forces. \\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces. \\n Consider how the design of the DDR programme contributes to the aims of institutional reform.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1559, "Sentence":"\\n Encourage ex-combatants to participate in transitional justice measures.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n encourage excombatants participate transitional justice measure ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Box 7 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Consider sharing programme information. \\n Consider developing a common approach to gathering information on children who leave armed forces and groups \\n Consider screening of human rights records of ex-combatants. \\n Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts. \\n Coordinate on strategies to target spoilers. \\n Encourage ex-combatants to participate in transitional justice measures. \\n Consider how DDR may connect to and support legitimate locally based justice processes. \\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of women associated with armed groups and forces. \\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces. \\n Consider how the design of the DDR programme contributes to the aims of institutional reform.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1559, "Sentence":"\\n Consider how DDR may connect to and support legitimate locally based justice processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n consider ddr may connect support legitimate locally based justice process ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Box 7 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Consider sharing programme information. \\n Consider developing a common approach to gathering information on children who leave armed forces and groups \\n Consider screening of human rights records of ex-combatants. \\n Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts. \\n Coordinate on strategies to target spoilers. \\n Encourage ex-combatants to participate in transitional justice measures. \\n Consider how DDR may connect to and support legitimate locally based justice processes. \\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of women associated with armed groups and forces. \\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces. \\n Consider how the design of the DDR programme contributes to the aims of institutional reform.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1559, "Sentence":"\\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of women associated with armed groups and forces.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n consider ddr transitional justice measure may coordinate support reintegration woman associated armed group force ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Box 7 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Consider sharing programme information. \\n Consider developing a common approach to gathering information on children who leave armed forces and groups \\n Consider screening of human rights records of ex-combatants. \\n Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts. \\n Coordinate on strategies to target spoilers. \\n Encourage ex-combatants to participate in transitional justice measures. \\n Consider how DDR may connect to and support legitimate locally based justice processes. \\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of women associated with armed groups and forces. \\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces. \\n Consider how the design of the DDR programme contributes to the aims of institutional reform.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1559, "Sentence":"\\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n consider ddr transitional justice measure may coordinate support reintegration child associated armed group force ." }, { "ID":37, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Box 7 Action points for DDR and TJ practitioners \\n Consider sharing programme information. \\n Consider developing a common approach to gathering information on children who leave armed forces and groups \\n Consider screening of human rights records of ex-combatants. \\n Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts. \\n Coordinate on strategies to target spoilers. \\n Encourage ex-combatants to participate in transitional justice measures. \\n Consider how DDR may connect to and support legitimate locally based justice processes. \\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of women associated with armed groups and forces. \\n Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces. \\n Consider how the design of the DDR programme contributes to the aims of institutional reform.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1559, "Sentence":"\\n Consider how the design of the DDR programme contributes to the aims of institutional reform.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n consider design ddr programme contributes aim institutional reform ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.1. Consider sharing DDR information with transitional justice measures", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Both DDR and transitional justice initiatives engage in gathering, sharing, and disseminating information. However, rarely is information shared in a systematic or coherent manner between these two programmes. DDR programmes, which are usually established before transitional justice measures may consider sharing information with the latter. This need not necessarily include sharing information relating to particular individuals for purposes of prosecutions, as this may create difficulties in some contexts (although, as illustrated in section 7.1 above, it frequently does not). Information about the more structural dimen- sion of combating forces, none of which needs to be person-specific, may be very useful for transitional justice measures. Socio-economic and background data gathered from ex- combatants through DDR programmes can also be informative. Similarly, transitional justice initiatives may obtain information that is important to DDR programmes, for example on the location or operations of armed groups.DDR programmes may also accommodate procedures that include gathering infor- mation on ex-combatants accused or suspected of gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. This could be done for example through the information management database, which is essential for tracking the DDR participants throughout the DDR process (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization, section 5.4).Truth commissions, in particular, present optimum opportunities for DDR programmes to share certain data. Truth commissions often try to reliably describe broad patterns of past violence. Insights into the size, location, and territory of armed groups, their com- mand structures, type of arms collected, recruitment processes, and other aspects of their mode of operation could assist in reconstructing an historical \u2018memory\u2019 of past patterns of collective violence.Sharing information with a national reparations programme may also be important. Here, details about benefits offered to ex-combatants through DDR programmes may be useful in efforts to secure equity in the treatment of victims through reparations programmes. If communities received benefits through DDR programmes, this will also be relevant to those who are tasked with the responsibility of designing collective reparations programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1560, "Sentence":"Both DDR and transitional justice initiatives engage in gathering, sharing, and disseminating information.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr transitional justice initiative engage gathering sharing disseminating information ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.1. Consider sharing DDR information with transitional justice measures", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Both DDR and transitional justice initiatives engage in gathering, sharing, and disseminating information. However, rarely is information shared in a systematic or coherent manner between these two programmes. DDR programmes, which are usually established before transitional justice measures may consider sharing information with the latter. This need not necessarily include sharing information relating to particular individuals for purposes of prosecutions, as this may create difficulties in some contexts (although, as illustrated in section 7.1 above, it frequently does not). Information about the more structural dimen- sion of combating forces, none of which needs to be person-specific, may be very useful for transitional justice measures. Socio-economic and background data gathered from ex- combatants through DDR programmes can also be informative. Similarly, transitional justice initiatives may obtain information that is important to DDR programmes, for example on the location or operations of armed groups.DDR programmes may also accommodate procedures that include gathering infor- mation on ex-combatants accused or suspected of gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. This could be done for example through the information management database, which is essential for tracking the DDR participants throughout the DDR process (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization, section 5.4).Truth commissions, in particular, present optimum opportunities for DDR programmes to share certain data. Truth commissions often try to reliably describe broad patterns of past violence. Insights into the size, location, and territory of armed groups, their com- mand structures, type of arms collected, recruitment processes, and other aspects of their mode of operation could assist in reconstructing an historical \u2018memory\u2019 of past patterns of collective violence.Sharing information with a national reparations programme may also be important. Here, details about benefits offered to ex-combatants through DDR programmes may be useful in efforts to secure equity in the treatment of victims through reparations programmes. If communities received benefits through DDR programmes, this will also be relevant to those who are tasked with the responsibility of designing collective reparations programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1560, "Sentence":"However, rarely is information shared in a systematic or coherent manner between these two programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice however rarely information shared systematic coherent manner two programme ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.1. Consider sharing DDR information with transitional justice measures", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Both DDR and transitional justice initiatives engage in gathering, sharing, and disseminating information. However, rarely is information shared in a systematic or coherent manner between these two programmes. DDR programmes, which are usually established before transitional justice measures may consider sharing information with the latter. This need not necessarily include sharing information relating to particular individuals for purposes of prosecutions, as this may create difficulties in some contexts (although, as illustrated in section 7.1 above, it frequently does not). Information about the more structural dimen- sion of combating forces, none of which needs to be person-specific, may be very useful for transitional justice measures. Socio-economic and background data gathered from ex- combatants through DDR programmes can also be informative. Similarly, transitional justice initiatives may obtain information that is important to DDR programmes, for example on the location or operations of armed groups.DDR programmes may also accommodate procedures that include gathering infor- mation on ex-combatants accused or suspected of gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. This could be done for example through the information management database, which is essential for tracking the DDR participants throughout the DDR process (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization, section 5.4).Truth commissions, in particular, present optimum opportunities for DDR programmes to share certain data. Truth commissions often try to reliably describe broad patterns of past violence. Insights into the size, location, and territory of armed groups, their com- mand structures, type of arms collected, recruitment processes, and other aspects of their mode of operation could assist in reconstructing an historical \u2018memory\u2019 of past patterns of collective violence.Sharing information with a national reparations programme may also be important. Here, details about benefits offered to ex-combatants through DDR programmes may be useful in efforts to secure equity in the treatment of victims through reparations programmes. If communities received benefits through DDR programmes, this will also be relevant to those who are tasked with the responsibility of designing collective reparations programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1560, "Sentence":"DDR programmes, which are usually established before transitional justice measures may consider sharing information with the latter.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr programme usually established transitional justice measure may consider sharing information latter ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.1. Consider sharing DDR information with transitional justice measures", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Both DDR and transitional justice initiatives engage in gathering, sharing, and disseminating information. However, rarely is information shared in a systematic or coherent manner between these two programmes. DDR programmes, which are usually established before transitional justice measures may consider sharing information with the latter. This need not necessarily include sharing information relating to particular individuals for purposes of prosecutions, as this may create difficulties in some contexts (although, as illustrated in section 7.1 above, it frequently does not). Information about the more structural dimen- sion of combating forces, none of which needs to be person-specific, may be very useful for transitional justice measures. Socio-economic and background data gathered from ex- combatants through DDR programmes can also be informative. Similarly, transitional justice initiatives may obtain information that is important to DDR programmes, for example on the location or operations of armed groups.DDR programmes may also accommodate procedures that include gathering infor- mation on ex-combatants accused or suspected of gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. This could be done for example through the information management database, which is essential for tracking the DDR participants throughout the DDR process (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization, section 5.4).Truth commissions, in particular, present optimum opportunities for DDR programmes to share certain data. Truth commissions often try to reliably describe broad patterns of past violence. Insights into the size, location, and territory of armed groups, their com- mand structures, type of arms collected, recruitment processes, and other aspects of their mode of operation could assist in reconstructing an historical \u2018memory\u2019 of past patterns of collective violence.Sharing information with a national reparations programme may also be important. Here, details about benefits offered to ex-combatants through DDR programmes may be useful in efforts to secure equity in the treatment of victims through reparations programmes. If communities received benefits through DDR programmes, this will also be relevant to those who are tasked with the responsibility of designing collective reparations programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1560, "Sentence":"This need not necessarily include sharing information relating to particular individuals for purposes of prosecutions, as this may create difficulties in some contexts (although, as illustrated in section 7.1 above, it frequently does not).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice need necessarily include sharing information relating particular individual purpose prosecution may create difficulty context although illustrated section 7.1 frequently ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.1. Consider sharing DDR information with transitional justice measures", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Both DDR and transitional justice initiatives engage in gathering, sharing, and disseminating information. However, rarely is information shared in a systematic or coherent manner between these two programmes. DDR programmes, which are usually established before transitional justice measures may consider sharing information with the latter. This need not necessarily include sharing information relating to particular individuals for purposes of prosecutions, as this may create difficulties in some contexts (although, as illustrated in section 7.1 above, it frequently does not). Information about the more structural dimen- sion of combating forces, none of which needs to be person-specific, may be very useful for transitional justice measures. Socio-economic and background data gathered from ex- combatants through DDR programmes can also be informative. Similarly, transitional justice initiatives may obtain information that is important to DDR programmes, for example on the location or operations of armed groups.DDR programmes may also accommodate procedures that include gathering infor- mation on ex-combatants accused or suspected of gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. This could be done for example through the information management database, which is essential for tracking the DDR participants throughout the DDR process (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization, section 5.4).Truth commissions, in particular, present optimum opportunities for DDR programmes to share certain data. Truth commissions often try to reliably describe broad patterns of past violence. Insights into the size, location, and territory of armed groups, their com- mand structures, type of arms collected, recruitment processes, and other aspects of their mode of operation could assist in reconstructing an historical \u2018memory\u2019 of past patterns of collective violence.Sharing information with a national reparations programme may also be important. Here, details about benefits offered to ex-combatants through DDR programmes may be useful in efforts to secure equity in the treatment of victims through reparations programmes. If communities received benefits through DDR programmes, this will also be relevant to those who are tasked with the responsibility of designing collective reparations programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1560, "Sentence":"Information about the more structural dimen- sion of combating forces, none of which needs to be person-specific, may be very useful for transitional justice measures.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice information structural dimen sion combating force none need personspecific may useful transitional justice measure ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.1. Consider sharing DDR information with transitional justice measures", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Both DDR and transitional justice initiatives engage in gathering, sharing, and disseminating information. However, rarely is information shared in a systematic or coherent manner between these two programmes. DDR programmes, which are usually established before transitional justice measures may consider sharing information with the latter. This need not necessarily include sharing information relating to particular individuals for purposes of prosecutions, as this may create difficulties in some contexts (although, as illustrated in section 7.1 above, it frequently does not). Information about the more structural dimen- sion of combating forces, none of which needs to be person-specific, may be very useful for transitional justice measures. Socio-economic and background data gathered from ex- combatants through DDR programmes can also be informative. Similarly, transitional justice initiatives may obtain information that is important to DDR programmes, for example on the location or operations of armed groups.DDR programmes may also accommodate procedures that include gathering infor- mation on ex-combatants accused or suspected of gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. This could be done for example through the information management database, which is essential for tracking the DDR participants throughout the DDR process (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization, section 5.4).Truth commissions, in particular, present optimum opportunities for DDR programmes to share certain data. Truth commissions often try to reliably describe broad patterns of past violence. Insights into the size, location, and territory of armed groups, their com- mand structures, type of arms collected, recruitment processes, and other aspects of their mode of operation could assist in reconstructing an historical \u2018memory\u2019 of past patterns of collective violence.Sharing information with a national reparations programme may also be important. Here, details about benefits offered to ex-combatants through DDR programmes may be useful in efforts to secure equity in the treatment of victims through reparations programmes. If communities received benefits through DDR programmes, this will also be relevant to those who are tasked with the responsibility of designing collective reparations programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1560, "Sentence":"Socio-economic and background data gathered from ex- combatants through DDR programmes can also be informative.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice socioeconomic background data gathered ex combatant ddr programme also informative ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.1. Consider sharing DDR information with transitional justice measures", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Both DDR and transitional justice initiatives engage in gathering, sharing, and disseminating information. However, rarely is information shared in a systematic or coherent manner between these two programmes. DDR programmes, which are usually established before transitional justice measures may consider sharing information with the latter. This need not necessarily include sharing information relating to particular individuals for purposes of prosecutions, as this may create difficulties in some contexts (although, as illustrated in section 7.1 above, it frequently does not). Information about the more structural dimen- sion of combating forces, none of which needs to be person-specific, may be very useful for transitional justice measures. Socio-economic and background data gathered from ex- combatants through DDR programmes can also be informative. Similarly, transitional justice initiatives may obtain information that is important to DDR programmes, for example on the location or operations of armed groups.DDR programmes may also accommodate procedures that include gathering infor- mation on ex-combatants accused or suspected of gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. This could be done for example through the information management database, which is essential for tracking the DDR participants throughout the DDR process (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization, section 5.4).Truth commissions, in particular, present optimum opportunities for DDR programmes to share certain data. Truth commissions often try to reliably describe broad patterns of past violence. Insights into the size, location, and territory of armed groups, their com- mand structures, type of arms collected, recruitment processes, and other aspects of their mode of operation could assist in reconstructing an historical \u2018memory\u2019 of past patterns of collective violence.Sharing information with a national reparations programme may also be important. Here, details about benefits offered to ex-combatants through DDR programmes may be useful in efforts to secure equity in the treatment of victims through reparations programmes. If communities received benefits through DDR programmes, this will also be relevant to those who are tasked with the responsibility of designing collective reparations programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1560, "Sentence":"Similarly, transitional justice initiatives may obtain information that is important to DDR programmes, for example on the location or operations of armed groups.DDR programmes may also accommodate procedures that include gathering infor- mation on ex-combatants accused or suspected of gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice similarly transitional justice initiative may obtain information important ddr programme example location operation armed groups.ddr programme may also accommodate procedure include gathering infor mation excombatants accused suspected gross violation international human right law serious violation international humanitarian law ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.1. Consider sharing DDR information with transitional justice measures", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Both DDR and transitional justice initiatives engage in gathering, sharing, and disseminating information. However, rarely is information shared in a systematic or coherent manner between these two programmes. DDR programmes, which are usually established before transitional justice measures may consider sharing information with the latter. This need not necessarily include sharing information relating to particular individuals for purposes of prosecutions, as this may create difficulties in some contexts (although, as illustrated in section 7.1 above, it frequently does not). Information about the more structural dimen- sion of combating forces, none of which needs to be person-specific, may be very useful for transitional justice measures. Socio-economic and background data gathered from ex- combatants through DDR programmes can also be informative. Similarly, transitional justice initiatives may obtain information that is important to DDR programmes, for example on the location or operations of armed groups.DDR programmes may also accommodate procedures that include gathering infor- mation on ex-combatants accused or suspected of gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. This could be done for example through the information management database, which is essential for tracking the DDR participants throughout the DDR process (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization, section 5.4).Truth commissions, in particular, present optimum opportunities for DDR programmes to share certain data. Truth commissions often try to reliably describe broad patterns of past violence. Insights into the size, location, and territory of armed groups, their com- mand structures, type of arms collected, recruitment processes, and other aspects of their mode of operation could assist in reconstructing an historical \u2018memory\u2019 of past patterns of collective violence.Sharing information with a national reparations programme may also be important. Here, details about benefits offered to ex-combatants through DDR programmes may be useful in efforts to secure equity in the treatment of victims through reparations programmes. If communities received benefits through DDR programmes, this will also be relevant to those who are tasked with the responsibility of designing collective reparations programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1560, "Sentence":"This could be done for example through the information management database, which is essential for tracking the DDR participants throughout the DDR process (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization, section 5.4).Truth commissions, in particular, present optimum opportunities for DDR programmes to share certain data.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice could done example information management database essential tracking ddr participant throughout ddr process also see iddrs 4.20 demobilization section 5.4.truth commission particular present optimum opportunity ddr programme share certain data ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.1. Consider sharing DDR information with transitional justice measures", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Both DDR and transitional justice initiatives engage in gathering, sharing, and disseminating information. However, rarely is information shared in a systematic or coherent manner between these two programmes. DDR programmes, which are usually established before transitional justice measures may consider sharing information with the latter. This need not necessarily include sharing information relating to particular individuals for purposes of prosecutions, as this may create difficulties in some contexts (although, as illustrated in section 7.1 above, it frequently does not). Information about the more structural dimen- sion of combating forces, none of which needs to be person-specific, may be very useful for transitional justice measures. Socio-economic and background data gathered from ex- combatants through DDR programmes can also be informative. Similarly, transitional justice initiatives may obtain information that is important to DDR programmes, for example on the location or operations of armed groups.DDR programmes may also accommodate procedures that include gathering infor- mation on ex-combatants accused or suspected of gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. This could be done for example through the information management database, which is essential for tracking the DDR participants throughout the DDR process (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization, section 5.4).Truth commissions, in particular, present optimum opportunities for DDR programmes to share certain data. Truth commissions often try to reliably describe broad patterns of past violence. Insights into the size, location, and territory of armed groups, their com- mand structures, type of arms collected, recruitment processes, and other aspects of their mode of operation could assist in reconstructing an historical \u2018memory\u2019 of past patterns of collective violence.Sharing information with a national reparations programme may also be important. Here, details about benefits offered to ex-combatants through DDR programmes may be useful in efforts to secure equity in the treatment of victims through reparations programmes. If communities received benefits through DDR programmes, this will also be relevant to those who are tasked with the responsibility of designing collective reparations programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1560, "Sentence":"Truth commissions often try to reliably describe broad patterns of past violence.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice truth commission often try reliably describe broad pattern past violence ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.1. Consider sharing DDR information with transitional justice measures", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Both DDR and transitional justice initiatives engage in gathering, sharing, and disseminating information. However, rarely is information shared in a systematic or coherent manner between these two programmes. DDR programmes, which are usually established before transitional justice measures may consider sharing information with the latter. This need not necessarily include sharing information relating to particular individuals for purposes of prosecutions, as this may create difficulties in some contexts (although, as illustrated in section 7.1 above, it frequently does not). Information about the more structural dimen- sion of combating forces, none of which needs to be person-specific, may be very useful for transitional justice measures. Socio-economic and background data gathered from ex- combatants through DDR programmes can also be informative. Similarly, transitional justice initiatives may obtain information that is important to DDR programmes, for example on the location or operations of armed groups.DDR programmes may also accommodate procedures that include gathering infor- mation on ex-combatants accused or suspected of gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. This could be done for example through the information management database, which is essential for tracking the DDR participants throughout the DDR process (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization, section 5.4).Truth commissions, in particular, present optimum opportunities for DDR programmes to share certain data. Truth commissions often try to reliably describe broad patterns of past violence. Insights into the size, location, and territory of armed groups, their com- mand structures, type of arms collected, recruitment processes, and other aspects of their mode of operation could assist in reconstructing an historical \u2018memory\u2019 of past patterns of collective violence.Sharing information with a national reparations programme may also be important. Here, details about benefits offered to ex-combatants through DDR programmes may be useful in efforts to secure equity in the treatment of victims through reparations programmes. If communities received benefits through DDR programmes, this will also be relevant to those who are tasked with the responsibility of designing collective reparations programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1560, "Sentence":"Insights into the size, location, and territory of armed groups, their com- mand structures, type of arms collected, recruitment processes, and other aspects of their mode of operation could assist in reconstructing an historical \u2018memory\u2019 of past patterns of collective violence.Sharing information with a national reparations programme may also be important.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice insight size location territory armed group com mand structure type arm collected recruitment process aspect mode operation could assist reconstructing historical \u2018 memory \u2019 past pattern collective violence.sharing information national reparation programme may also important ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.1. Consider sharing DDR information with transitional justice measures", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Both DDR and transitional justice initiatives engage in gathering, sharing, and disseminating information. However, rarely is information shared in a systematic or coherent manner between these two programmes. DDR programmes, which are usually established before transitional justice measures may consider sharing information with the latter. This need not necessarily include sharing information relating to particular individuals for purposes of prosecutions, as this may create difficulties in some contexts (although, as illustrated in section 7.1 above, it frequently does not). Information about the more structural dimen- sion of combating forces, none of which needs to be person-specific, may be very useful for transitional justice measures. Socio-economic and background data gathered from ex- combatants through DDR programmes can also be informative. Similarly, transitional justice initiatives may obtain information that is important to DDR programmes, for example on the location or operations of armed groups.DDR programmes may also accommodate procedures that include gathering infor- mation on ex-combatants accused or suspected of gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. This could be done for example through the information management database, which is essential for tracking the DDR participants throughout the DDR process (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization, section 5.4).Truth commissions, in particular, present optimum opportunities for DDR programmes to share certain data. Truth commissions often try to reliably describe broad patterns of past violence. Insights into the size, location, and territory of armed groups, their com- mand structures, type of arms collected, recruitment processes, and other aspects of their mode of operation could assist in reconstructing an historical \u2018memory\u2019 of past patterns of collective violence.Sharing information with a national reparations programme may also be important. Here, details about benefits offered to ex-combatants through DDR programmes may be useful in efforts to secure equity in the treatment of victims through reparations programmes. If communities received benefits through DDR programmes, this will also be relevant to those who are tasked with the responsibility of designing collective reparations programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1560, "Sentence":"Here, details about benefits offered to ex-combatants through DDR programmes may be useful in efforts to secure equity in the treatment of victims through reparations programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice detail benefit offered excombatants ddr programme may useful effort secure equity treatment victim reparation programme ." }, { "ID":38, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.1. Consider sharing DDR information with transitional justice measures", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"Both DDR and transitional justice initiatives engage in gathering, sharing, and disseminating information. However, rarely is information shared in a systematic or coherent manner between these two programmes. DDR programmes, which are usually established before transitional justice measures may consider sharing information with the latter. This need not necessarily include sharing information relating to particular individuals for purposes of prosecutions, as this may create difficulties in some contexts (although, as illustrated in section 7.1 above, it frequently does not). Information about the more structural dimen- sion of combating forces, none of which needs to be person-specific, may be very useful for transitional justice measures. Socio-economic and background data gathered from ex- combatants through DDR programmes can also be informative. Similarly, transitional justice initiatives may obtain information that is important to DDR programmes, for example on the location or operations of armed groups.DDR programmes may also accommodate procedures that include gathering infor- mation on ex-combatants accused or suspected of gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law. This could be done for example through the information management database, which is essential for tracking the DDR participants throughout the DDR process (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization, section 5.4).Truth commissions, in particular, present optimum opportunities for DDR programmes to share certain data. Truth commissions often try to reliably describe broad patterns of past violence. Insights into the size, location, and territory of armed groups, their com- mand structures, type of arms collected, recruitment processes, and other aspects of their mode of operation could assist in reconstructing an historical \u2018memory\u2019 of past patterns of collective violence.Sharing information with a national reparations programme may also be important. Here, details about benefits offered to ex-combatants through DDR programmes may be useful in efforts to secure equity in the treatment of victims through reparations programmes. If communities received benefits through DDR programmes, this will also be relevant to those who are tasked with the responsibility of designing collective reparations programmes.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1560, "Sentence":"If communities received benefits through DDR programmes, this will also be relevant to those who are tasked with the responsibility of designing collective reparations programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice community received benefit ddr programme also relevant tasked responsibility designing collective reparation programme ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.2. Consider developing a common approach to gathering information on children who leave armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes, UNICEF, child protection NGOs and the relevant child DDR agency in the Government often develop common individual child date forms, and even shared data- bases, for consistent gathering of information on children who leave the armed forces or groups. Various child protection agencies do not systematically record in their individual child forms the identity of the commanders who recruited the children. Yet, this informa- tion could be used later on for justice or vetting purposes regarding perpetrators of child recruitment. While the agencies indicate that such omission is done intentionally to protect the individual children released and CAAGF more generally, in some cases a thorough discussion on the value of recording certain data and the links of DDR with ongoing\/poten- tial transitional justice initiatives had not taken place amongst these actors. Child DDR and child protection actors may examine DDR information management databases, with appropriate consideration for issues of confidentiality, disclosure and consent, with a view on their potential value for justice and TJ purposes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1561, "Sentence":"DDR programmes, UNICEF, child protection NGOs and the relevant child DDR agency in the Government often develop common individual child date forms, and even shared data- bases, for consistent gathering of information on children who leave the armed forces or groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr programme unicef child protection ngo relevant child ddr agency government often develop common individual child date form even shared data base consistent gathering information child leave armed force group ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.2. Consider developing a common approach to gathering information on children who leave armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes, UNICEF, child protection NGOs and the relevant child DDR agency in the Government often develop common individual child date forms, and even shared data- bases, for consistent gathering of information on children who leave the armed forces or groups. Various child protection agencies do not systematically record in their individual child forms the identity of the commanders who recruited the children. Yet, this informa- tion could be used later on for justice or vetting purposes regarding perpetrators of child recruitment. While the agencies indicate that such omission is done intentionally to protect the individual children released and CAAGF more generally, in some cases a thorough discussion on the value of recording certain data and the links of DDR with ongoing\/poten- tial transitional justice initiatives had not taken place amongst these actors. Child DDR and child protection actors may examine DDR information management databases, with appropriate consideration for issues of confidentiality, disclosure and consent, with a view on their potential value for justice and TJ purposes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1561, "Sentence":"Various child protection agencies do not systematically record in their individual child forms the identity of the commanders who recruited the children.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice various child protection agency systematically record individual child form identity commander recruited child ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.2. Consider developing a common approach to gathering information on children who leave armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes, UNICEF, child protection NGOs and the relevant child DDR agency in the Government often develop common individual child date forms, and even shared data- bases, for consistent gathering of information on children who leave the armed forces or groups. Various child protection agencies do not systematically record in their individual child forms the identity of the commanders who recruited the children. Yet, this informa- tion could be used later on for justice or vetting purposes regarding perpetrators of child recruitment. While the agencies indicate that such omission is done intentionally to protect the individual children released and CAAGF more generally, in some cases a thorough discussion on the value of recording certain data and the links of DDR with ongoing\/poten- tial transitional justice initiatives had not taken place amongst these actors. Child DDR and child protection actors may examine DDR information management databases, with appropriate consideration for issues of confidentiality, disclosure and consent, with a view on their potential value for justice and TJ purposes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1561, "Sentence":"Yet, this informa- tion could be used later on for justice or vetting purposes regarding perpetrators of child recruitment.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice yet informa tion could used later justice vetting purpose regarding perpetrator child recruitment ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.2. Consider developing a common approach to gathering information on children who leave armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes, UNICEF, child protection NGOs and the relevant child DDR agency in the Government often develop common individual child date forms, and even shared data- bases, for consistent gathering of information on children who leave the armed forces or groups. Various child protection agencies do not systematically record in their individual child forms the identity of the commanders who recruited the children. Yet, this informa- tion could be used later on for justice or vetting purposes regarding perpetrators of child recruitment. While the agencies indicate that such omission is done intentionally to protect the individual children released and CAAGF more generally, in some cases a thorough discussion on the value of recording certain data and the links of DDR with ongoing\/poten- tial transitional justice initiatives had not taken place amongst these actors. Child DDR and child protection actors may examine DDR information management databases, with appropriate consideration for issues of confidentiality, disclosure and consent, with a view on their potential value for justice and TJ purposes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1561, "Sentence":"While the agencies indicate that such omission is done intentionally to protect the individual children released and CAAGF more generally, in some cases a thorough discussion on the value of recording certain data and the links of DDR with ongoing\/poten- tial transitional justice initiatives had not taken place amongst these actors.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice agency indicate omission done intentionally protect individual child released caagf generally case thorough discussion value recording certain data link ddr ongoing\/poten tial transitional justice initiative taken place amongst actor ." }, { "ID":39, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.2. Consider developing a common approach to gathering information on children who leave armed forces and groups", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":24, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes, UNICEF, child protection NGOs and the relevant child DDR agency in the Government often develop common individual child date forms, and even shared data- bases, for consistent gathering of information on children who leave the armed forces or groups. Various child protection agencies do not systematically record in their individual child forms the identity of the commanders who recruited the children. Yet, this informa- tion could be used later on for justice or vetting purposes regarding perpetrators of child recruitment. While the agencies indicate that such omission is done intentionally to protect the individual children released and CAAGF more generally, in some cases a thorough discussion on the value of recording certain data and the links of DDR with ongoing\/poten- tial transitional justice initiatives had not taken place amongst these actors. Child DDR and child protection actors may examine DDR information management databases, with appropriate consideration for issues of confidentiality, disclosure and consent, with a view on their potential value for justice and TJ purposes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1561, "Sentence":"Child DDR and child protection actors may examine DDR information management databases, with appropriate consideration for issues of confidentiality, disclosure and consent, with a view on their potential value for justice and TJ purposes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice child ddr child protection actor may examine ddr information management database appropriate consideration issue confidentiality disclosure consent view potential value justice tj purpose ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.3. Consider screening of human rights records of ex-combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes may include a variety of screening procedures, for example screening against eligibility criteria for entry into the programme, and screening for different kinds of skills training. Screening procedures designed to put in place measures that avoid provid- ing benefits to known or suspected violators of human rights or international humanitarian law should also be considered. Integrating a screening procedure based on human rights considerations may be more problematic in some contexts than others because of concern that it will deter combatants from entering the DDR programme. At a minimum, those ex- combatants against whom judicial investigations are pending or against whom credible allegations of perpetrating violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law have been raised should not receive benefits until these allegations are resolved. The proposed focal point on transitional justice should correspond regularly with national and international authorities in order to develop strategies for dealing with alleged perpetrators among the ex-combatants population.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1562, "Sentence":"DDR programmes may include a variety of screening procedures, for example screening against eligibility criteria for entry into the programme, and screening for different kinds of skills training.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr programme may include variety screening procedure example screening eligibility criterion entry programme screening different kind skill training ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.3. Consider screening of human rights records of ex-combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes may include a variety of screening procedures, for example screening against eligibility criteria for entry into the programme, and screening for different kinds of skills training. Screening procedures designed to put in place measures that avoid provid- ing benefits to known or suspected violators of human rights or international humanitarian law should also be considered. Integrating a screening procedure based on human rights considerations may be more problematic in some contexts than others because of concern that it will deter combatants from entering the DDR programme. At a minimum, those ex- combatants against whom judicial investigations are pending or against whom credible allegations of perpetrating violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law have been raised should not receive benefits until these allegations are resolved. The proposed focal point on transitional justice should correspond regularly with national and international authorities in order to develop strategies for dealing with alleged perpetrators among the ex-combatants population.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1562, "Sentence":"Screening procedures designed to put in place measures that avoid provid- ing benefits to known or suspected violators of human rights or international humanitarian law should also be considered.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice screening procedure designed put place measure avoid provid ing benefit known suspected violator human right international humanitarian law also considered ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.3. Consider screening of human rights records of ex-combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes may include a variety of screening procedures, for example screening against eligibility criteria for entry into the programme, and screening for different kinds of skills training. Screening procedures designed to put in place measures that avoid provid- ing benefits to known or suspected violators of human rights or international humanitarian law should also be considered. Integrating a screening procedure based on human rights considerations may be more problematic in some contexts than others because of concern that it will deter combatants from entering the DDR programme. At a minimum, those ex- combatants against whom judicial investigations are pending or against whom credible allegations of perpetrating violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law have been raised should not receive benefits until these allegations are resolved. The proposed focal point on transitional justice should correspond regularly with national and international authorities in order to develop strategies for dealing with alleged perpetrators among the ex-combatants population.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1562, "Sentence":"Integrating a screening procedure based on human rights considerations may be more problematic in some contexts than others because of concern that it will deter combatants from entering the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice integrating screening procedure based human right consideration may problematic context others concern deter combatant entering ddr programme ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.3. Consider screening of human rights records of ex-combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes may include a variety of screening procedures, for example screening against eligibility criteria for entry into the programme, and screening for different kinds of skills training. Screening procedures designed to put in place measures that avoid provid- ing benefits to known or suspected violators of human rights or international humanitarian law should also be considered. Integrating a screening procedure based on human rights considerations may be more problematic in some contexts than others because of concern that it will deter combatants from entering the DDR programme. At a minimum, those ex- combatants against whom judicial investigations are pending or against whom credible allegations of perpetrating violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law have been raised should not receive benefits until these allegations are resolved. The proposed focal point on transitional justice should correspond regularly with national and international authorities in order to develop strategies for dealing with alleged perpetrators among the ex-combatants population.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1562, "Sentence":"At a minimum, those ex- combatants against whom judicial investigations are pending or against whom credible allegations of perpetrating violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law have been raised should not receive benefits until these allegations are resolved.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice minimum ex combatant judicial investigation pending credible allegation perpetrating violation international human right law international humanitarian law raised receive benefit allegation resolved ." }, { "ID":40, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.3. Consider screening of human rights records of ex-combatants", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR programmes may include a variety of screening procedures, for example screening against eligibility criteria for entry into the programme, and screening for different kinds of skills training. Screening procedures designed to put in place measures that avoid provid- ing benefits to known or suspected violators of human rights or international humanitarian law should also be considered. Integrating a screening procedure based on human rights considerations may be more problematic in some contexts than others because of concern that it will deter combatants from entering the DDR programme. At a minimum, those ex- combatants against whom judicial investigations are pending or against whom credible allegations of perpetrating violations of international human rights law or international humanitarian law have been raised should not receive benefits until these allegations are resolved. The proposed focal point on transitional justice should correspond regularly with national and international authorities in order to develop strategies for dealing with alleged perpetrators among the ex-combatants population.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1562, "Sentence":"The proposed focal point on transitional justice should correspond regularly with national and international authorities in order to develop strategies for dealing with alleged perpetrators among the ex-combatants population.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice proposed focal point transitional justice correspond regularly national international authority order develop strategy dealing alleged perpetrator among excombatants population ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.4. Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR donors, administrators and prosecutors may also collaborate more effectively in terms of sequencing their efforts. The possibilities for sequencing are numerous; this section merely provides ideas that can facilitate sequencing discussions between DDR and TJ practitioners. Prosecutors, for instance, may inform DDR administrators of the imminent announce- ment of indictments of certain commanders so that there is time to prepare for the possible negative reactions. Alternatively, in some cases prosecutors may take into account the prog- ress of the disarmament and demobilization operations when timing the announcement of their indictments.United Nations Staff working on DDR programmes should encourage their national interlocutors to coordinate on sequencing with truth commissions. Hearings for truth commissions, for example, could be scheduled in communities that are receiving large numbers of demobilized ex-combatants, thus providing ex-combatants with an immediate opportunity to apologize or tell their side of the story.The most important reason that implementation of reparations and DDR initiatives is not coordinated is that while DDR is funded, reparations are not. However, in situations where reparations are funded, the design and disbursements of reintegration benefits for ex-combatants through the DDR programme may be sequenced with reparation for victims and delivery of return packages for refugees and IDPs returning to their home communi- ties (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Population Movements). Assistance offered to ex- combatants is less likely to foster resentment if reparations for victims are provided at a comparative level and within the same relative time period. If calendars for the provision of DDR benefits to ex-combatants and reparations to individual victims may not be made to coincide, some benefits to communities perhaps may be planned either through DDR or parallel programmes, or through an early phase of a national reparation or reconstruction programme. Likewise, where collective reparations are provided in a community or region, both victims and ex-combatants potentially benefit\u2014even as separate individualized DDR benefits are also made available (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).The Stockholm Initiative on DDR recommends establishing parallel windows of financ- ing for DDR and community oriented programming. This has the virtue of providing incen- tives for the coordination of programmes without providing incentives for fusing or merging programmes which may result in a dilution of mandates\u2014and effectiveness. Moreover ex-combatants may play a direct role in some reparations, either by providing direct repara- tion when they have individual responsibility for the violations that occurred, or, when appropriate, by contributing to reparations projects that aim to address community needs, such as working on a memorial or rebuilding a school or home that was destroyed in the armed conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1563, "Sentence":"DDR donors, administrators and prosecutors may also collaborate more effectively in terms of sequencing their efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr donor administrator prosecutor may also collaborate effectively term sequencing effort ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.4. Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR donors, administrators and prosecutors may also collaborate more effectively in terms of sequencing their efforts. The possibilities for sequencing are numerous; this section merely provides ideas that can facilitate sequencing discussions between DDR and TJ practitioners. Prosecutors, for instance, may inform DDR administrators of the imminent announce- ment of indictments of certain commanders so that there is time to prepare for the possible negative reactions. Alternatively, in some cases prosecutors may take into account the prog- ress of the disarmament and demobilization operations when timing the announcement of their indictments.United Nations Staff working on DDR programmes should encourage their national interlocutors to coordinate on sequencing with truth commissions. Hearings for truth commissions, for example, could be scheduled in communities that are receiving large numbers of demobilized ex-combatants, thus providing ex-combatants with an immediate opportunity to apologize or tell their side of the story.The most important reason that implementation of reparations and DDR initiatives is not coordinated is that while DDR is funded, reparations are not. However, in situations where reparations are funded, the design and disbursements of reintegration benefits for ex-combatants through the DDR programme may be sequenced with reparation for victims and delivery of return packages for refugees and IDPs returning to their home communi- ties (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Population Movements). Assistance offered to ex- combatants is less likely to foster resentment if reparations for victims are provided at a comparative level and within the same relative time period. If calendars for the provision of DDR benefits to ex-combatants and reparations to individual victims may not be made to coincide, some benefits to communities perhaps may be planned either through DDR or parallel programmes, or through an early phase of a national reparation or reconstruction programme. Likewise, where collective reparations are provided in a community or region, both victims and ex-combatants potentially benefit\u2014even as separate individualized DDR benefits are also made available (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).The Stockholm Initiative on DDR recommends establishing parallel windows of financ- ing for DDR and community oriented programming. This has the virtue of providing incen- tives for the coordination of programmes without providing incentives for fusing or merging programmes which may result in a dilution of mandates\u2014and effectiveness. Moreover ex-combatants may play a direct role in some reparations, either by providing direct repara- tion when they have individual responsibility for the violations that occurred, or, when appropriate, by contributing to reparations projects that aim to address community needs, such as working on a memorial or rebuilding a school or home that was destroyed in the armed conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1563, "Sentence":"The possibilities for sequencing are numerous; this section merely provides ideas that can facilitate sequencing discussions between DDR and TJ practitioners.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice possibility sequencing numerous section merely provides idea facilitate sequencing discussion ddr tj practitioner ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.4. Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR donors, administrators and prosecutors may also collaborate more effectively in terms of sequencing their efforts. The possibilities for sequencing are numerous; this section merely provides ideas that can facilitate sequencing discussions between DDR and TJ practitioners. Prosecutors, for instance, may inform DDR administrators of the imminent announce- ment of indictments of certain commanders so that there is time to prepare for the possible negative reactions. Alternatively, in some cases prosecutors may take into account the prog- ress of the disarmament and demobilization operations when timing the announcement of their indictments.United Nations Staff working on DDR programmes should encourage their national interlocutors to coordinate on sequencing with truth commissions. Hearings for truth commissions, for example, could be scheduled in communities that are receiving large numbers of demobilized ex-combatants, thus providing ex-combatants with an immediate opportunity to apologize or tell their side of the story.The most important reason that implementation of reparations and DDR initiatives is not coordinated is that while DDR is funded, reparations are not. However, in situations where reparations are funded, the design and disbursements of reintegration benefits for ex-combatants through the DDR programme may be sequenced with reparation for victims and delivery of return packages for refugees and IDPs returning to their home communi- ties (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Population Movements). Assistance offered to ex- combatants is less likely to foster resentment if reparations for victims are provided at a comparative level and within the same relative time period. If calendars for the provision of DDR benefits to ex-combatants and reparations to individual victims may not be made to coincide, some benefits to communities perhaps may be planned either through DDR or parallel programmes, or through an early phase of a national reparation or reconstruction programme. Likewise, where collective reparations are provided in a community or region, both victims and ex-combatants potentially benefit\u2014even as separate individualized DDR benefits are also made available (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).The Stockholm Initiative on DDR recommends establishing parallel windows of financ- ing for DDR and community oriented programming. This has the virtue of providing incen- tives for the coordination of programmes without providing incentives for fusing or merging programmes which may result in a dilution of mandates\u2014and effectiveness. Moreover ex-combatants may play a direct role in some reparations, either by providing direct repara- tion when they have individual responsibility for the violations that occurred, or, when appropriate, by contributing to reparations projects that aim to address community needs, such as working on a memorial or rebuilding a school or home that was destroyed in the armed conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1563, "Sentence":"Prosecutors, for instance, may inform DDR administrators of the imminent announce- ment of indictments of certain commanders so that there is time to prepare for the possible negative reactions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice prosecutor instance may inform ddr administrator imminent announce ment indictment certain commander time prepare possible negative reaction ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.4. Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR donors, administrators and prosecutors may also collaborate more effectively in terms of sequencing their efforts. The possibilities for sequencing are numerous; this section merely provides ideas that can facilitate sequencing discussions between DDR and TJ practitioners. Prosecutors, for instance, may inform DDR administrators of the imminent announce- ment of indictments of certain commanders so that there is time to prepare for the possible negative reactions. Alternatively, in some cases prosecutors may take into account the prog- ress of the disarmament and demobilization operations when timing the announcement of their indictments.United Nations Staff working on DDR programmes should encourage their national interlocutors to coordinate on sequencing with truth commissions. Hearings for truth commissions, for example, could be scheduled in communities that are receiving large numbers of demobilized ex-combatants, thus providing ex-combatants with an immediate opportunity to apologize or tell their side of the story.The most important reason that implementation of reparations and DDR initiatives is not coordinated is that while DDR is funded, reparations are not. However, in situations where reparations are funded, the design and disbursements of reintegration benefits for ex-combatants through the DDR programme may be sequenced with reparation for victims and delivery of return packages for refugees and IDPs returning to their home communi- ties (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Population Movements). Assistance offered to ex- combatants is less likely to foster resentment if reparations for victims are provided at a comparative level and within the same relative time period. If calendars for the provision of DDR benefits to ex-combatants and reparations to individual victims may not be made to coincide, some benefits to communities perhaps may be planned either through DDR or parallel programmes, or through an early phase of a national reparation or reconstruction programme. Likewise, where collective reparations are provided in a community or region, both victims and ex-combatants potentially benefit\u2014even as separate individualized DDR benefits are also made available (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).The Stockholm Initiative on DDR recommends establishing parallel windows of financ- ing for DDR and community oriented programming. This has the virtue of providing incen- tives for the coordination of programmes without providing incentives for fusing or merging programmes which may result in a dilution of mandates\u2014and effectiveness. Moreover ex-combatants may play a direct role in some reparations, either by providing direct repara- tion when they have individual responsibility for the violations that occurred, or, when appropriate, by contributing to reparations projects that aim to address community needs, such as working on a memorial or rebuilding a school or home that was destroyed in the armed conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1563, "Sentence":"Alternatively, in some cases prosecutors may take into account the prog- ress of the disarmament and demobilization operations when timing the announcement of their indictments.United Nations Staff working on DDR programmes should encourage their national interlocutors to coordinate on sequencing with truth commissions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice alternatively case prosecutor may take account prog res disarmament demobilization operation timing announcement indictments.united nation staff working ddr programme encourage national interlocutor coordinate sequencing truth commission ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.4. Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR donors, administrators and prosecutors may also collaborate more effectively in terms of sequencing their efforts. The possibilities for sequencing are numerous; this section merely provides ideas that can facilitate sequencing discussions between DDR and TJ practitioners. Prosecutors, for instance, may inform DDR administrators of the imminent announce- ment of indictments of certain commanders so that there is time to prepare for the possible negative reactions. Alternatively, in some cases prosecutors may take into account the prog- ress of the disarmament and demobilization operations when timing the announcement of their indictments.United Nations Staff working on DDR programmes should encourage their national interlocutors to coordinate on sequencing with truth commissions. Hearings for truth commissions, for example, could be scheduled in communities that are receiving large numbers of demobilized ex-combatants, thus providing ex-combatants with an immediate opportunity to apologize or tell their side of the story.The most important reason that implementation of reparations and DDR initiatives is not coordinated is that while DDR is funded, reparations are not. However, in situations where reparations are funded, the design and disbursements of reintegration benefits for ex-combatants through the DDR programme may be sequenced with reparation for victims and delivery of return packages for refugees and IDPs returning to their home communi- ties (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Population Movements). Assistance offered to ex- combatants is less likely to foster resentment if reparations for victims are provided at a comparative level and within the same relative time period. If calendars for the provision of DDR benefits to ex-combatants and reparations to individual victims may not be made to coincide, some benefits to communities perhaps may be planned either through DDR or parallel programmes, or through an early phase of a national reparation or reconstruction programme. Likewise, where collective reparations are provided in a community or region, both victims and ex-combatants potentially benefit\u2014even as separate individualized DDR benefits are also made available (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).The Stockholm Initiative on DDR recommends establishing parallel windows of financ- ing for DDR and community oriented programming. This has the virtue of providing incen- tives for the coordination of programmes without providing incentives for fusing or merging programmes which may result in a dilution of mandates\u2014and effectiveness. Moreover ex-combatants may play a direct role in some reparations, either by providing direct repara- tion when they have individual responsibility for the violations that occurred, or, when appropriate, by contributing to reparations projects that aim to address community needs, such as working on a memorial or rebuilding a school or home that was destroyed in the armed conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1563, "Sentence":"Hearings for truth commissions, for example, could be scheduled in communities that are receiving large numbers of demobilized ex-combatants, thus providing ex-combatants with an immediate opportunity to apologize or tell their side of the story.The most important reason that implementation of reparations and DDR initiatives is not coordinated is that while DDR is funded, reparations are not.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice hearing truth commission example could scheduled community receiving large number demobilized excombatants thus providing excombatants immediate opportunity apologize tell side story.the important reason implementation reparation ddr initiative coordinated ddr funded reparation ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.4. Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR donors, administrators and prosecutors may also collaborate more effectively in terms of sequencing their efforts. The possibilities for sequencing are numerous; this section merely provides ideas that can facilitate sequencing discussions between DDR and TJ practitioners. Prosecutors, for instance, may inform DDR administrators of the imminent announce- ment of indictments of certain commanders so that there is time to prepare for the possible negative reactions. Alternatively, in some cases prosecutors may take into account the prog- ress of the disarmament and demobilization operations when timing the announcement of their indictments.United Nations Staff working on DDR programmes should encourage their national interlocutors to coordinate on sequencing with truth commissions. Hearings for truth commissions, for example, could be scheduled in communities that are receiving large numbers of demobilized ex-combatants, thus providing ex-combatants with an immediate opportunity to apologize or tell their side of the story.The most important reason that implementation of reparations and DDR initiatives is not coordinated is that while DDR is funded, reparations are not. However, in situations where reparations are funded, the design and disbursements of reintegration benefits for ex-combatants through the DDR programme may be sequenced with reparation for victims and delivery of return packages for refugees and IDPs returning to their home communi- ties (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Population Movements). Assistance offered to ex- combatants is less likely to foster resentment if reparations for victims are provided at a comparative level and within the same relative time period. If calendars for the provision of DDR benefits to ex-combatants and reparations to individual victims may not be made to coincide, some benefits to communities perhaps may be planned either through DDR or parallel programmes, or through an early phase of a national reparation or reconstruction programme. Likewise, where collective reparations are provided in a community or region, both victims and ex-combatants potentially benefit\u2014even as separate individualized DDR benefits are also made available (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).The Stockholm Initiative on DDR recommends establishing parallel windows of financ- ing for DDR and community oriented programming. This has the virtue of providing incen- tives for the coordination of programmes without providing incentives for fusing or merging programmes which may result in a dilution of mandates\u2014and effectiveness. Moreover ex-combatants may play a direct role in some reparations, either by providing direct repara- tion when they have individual responsibility for the violations that occurred, or, when appropriate, by contributing to reparations projects that aim to address community needs, such as working on a memorial or rebuilding a school or home that was destroyed in the armed conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1563, "Sentence":"However, in situations where reparations are funded, the design and disbursements of reintegration benefits for ex-combatants through the DDR programme may be sequenced with reparation for victims and delivery of return packages for refugees and IDPs returning to their home communi- ties (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Population Movements).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice however situation reparation funded design disbursement reintegration benefit excombatants ddr programme may sequenced reparation victim delivery return package refugee idp returning home communi tie see iddrs 5.40 crossborder population movement ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.4. Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR donors, administrators and prosecutors may also collaborate more effectively in terms of sequencing their efforts. The possibilities for sequencing are numerous; this section merely provides ideas that can facilitate sequencing discussions between DDR and TJ practitioners. Prosecutors, for instance, may inform DDR administrators of the imminent announce- ment of indictments of certain commanders so that there is time to prepare for the possible negative reactions. Alternatively, in some cases prosecutors may take into account the prog- ress of the disarmament and demobilization operations when timing the announcement of their indictments.United Nations Staff working on DDR programmes should encourage their national interlocutors to coordinate on sequencing with truth commissions. Hearings for truth commissions, for example, could be scheduled in communities that are receiving large numbers of demobilized ex-combatants, thus providing ex-combatants with an immediate opportunity to apologize or tell their side of the story.The most important reason that implementation of reparations and DDR initiatives is not coordinated is that while DDR is funded, reparations are not. However, in situations where reparations are funded, the design and disbursements of reintegration benefits for ex-combatants through the DDR programme may be sequenced with reparation for victims and delivery of return packages for refugees and IDPs returning to their home communi- ties (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Population Movements). Assistance offered to ex- combatants is less likely to foster resentment if reparations for victims are provided at a comparative level and within the same relative time period. If calendars for the provision of DDR benefits to ex-combatants and reparations to individual victims may not be made to coincide, some benefits to communities perhaps may be planned either through DDR or parallel programmes, or through an early phase of a national reparation or reconstruction programme. Likewise, where collective reparations are provided in a community or region, both victims and ex-combatants potentially benefit\u2014even as separate individualized DDR benefits are also made available (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).The Stockholm Initiative on DDR recommends establishing parallel windows of financ- ing for DDR and community oriented programming. This has the virtue of providing incen- tives for the coordination of programmes without providing incentives for fusing or merging programmes which may result in a dilution of mandates\u2014and effectiveness. Moreover ex-combatants may play a direct role in some reparations, either by providing direct repara- tion when they have individual responsibility for the violations that occurred, or, when appropriate, by contributing to reparations projects that aim to address community needs, such as working on a memorial or rebuilding a school or home that was destroyed in the armed conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1563, "Sentence":"Assistance offered to ex- combatants is less likely to foster resentment if reparations for victims are provided at a comparative level and within the same relative time period.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice assistance offered ex combatant le likely foster resentment reparation victim provided comparative level within relative time period ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.4. Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR donors, administrators and prosecutors may also collaborate more effectively in terms of sequencing their efforts. The possibilities for sequencing are numerous; this section merely provides ideas that can facilitate sequencing discussions between DDR and TJ practitioners. Prosecutors, for instance, may inform DDR administrators of the imminent announce- ment of indictments of certain commanders so that there is time to prepare for the possible negative reactions. Alternatively, in some cases prosecutors may take into account the prog- ress of the disarmament and demobilization operations when timing the announcement of their indictments.United Nations Staff working on DDR programmes should encourage their national interlocutors to coordinate on sequencing with truth commissions. Hearings for truth commissions, for example, could be scheduled in communities that are receiving large numbers of demobilized ex-combatants, thus providing ex-combatants with an immediate opportunity to apologize or tell their side of the story.The most important reason that implementation of reparations and DDR initiatives is not coordinated is that while DDR is funded, reparations are not. However, in situations where reparations are funded, the design and disbursements of reintegration benefits for ex-combatants through the DDR programme may be sequenced with reparation for victims and delivery of return packages for refugees and IDPs returning to their home communi- ties (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Population Movements). Assistance offered to ex- combatants is less likely to foster resentment if reparations for victims are provided at a comparative level and within the same relative time period. If calendars for the provision of DDR benefits to ex-combatants and reparations to individual victims may not be made to coincide, some benefits to communities perhaps may be planned either through DDR or parallel programmes, or through an early phase of a national reparation or reconstruction programme. Likewise, where collective reparations are provided in a community or region, both victims and ex-combatants potentially benefit\u2014even as separate individualized DDR benefits are also made available (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).The Stockholm Initiative on DDR recommends establishing parallel windows of financ- ing for DDR and community oriented programming. This has the virtue of providing incen- tives for the coordination of programmes without providing incentives for fusing or merging programmes which may result in a dilution of mandates\u2014and effectiveness. Moreover ex-combatants may play a direct role in some reparations, either by providing direct repara- tion when they have individual responsibility for the violations that occurred, or, when appropriate, by contributing to reparations projects that aim to address community needs, such as working on a memorial or rebuilding a school or home that was destroyed in the armed conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1563, "Sentence":"If calendars for the provision of DDR benefits to ex-combatants and reparations to individual victims may not be made to coincide, some benefits to communities perhaps may be planned either through DDR or parallel programmes, or through an early phase of a national reparation or reconstruction programme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice calendar provision ddr benefit excombatants reparation individual victim may made coincide benefit community perhaps may planned either ddr parallel programme early phase national reparation reconstruction programme ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.4. Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR donors, administrators and prosecutors may also collaborate more effectively in terms of sequencing their efforts. The possibilities for sequencing are numerous; this section merely provides ideas that can facilitate sequencing discussions between DDR and TJ practitioners. Prosecutors, for instance, may inform DDR administrators of the imminent announce- ment of indictments of certain commanders so that there is time to prepare for the possible negative reactions. Alternatively, in some cases prosecutors may take into account the prog- ress of the disarmament and demobilization operations when timing the announcement of their indictments.United Nations Staff working on DDR programmes should encourage their national interlocutors to coordinate on sequencing with truth commissions. Hearings for truth commissions, for example, could be scheduled in communities that are receiving large numbers of demobilized ex-combatants, thus providing ex-combatants with an immediate opportunity to apologize or tell their side of the story.The most important reason that implementation of reparations and DDR initiatives is not coordinated is that while DDR is funded, reparations are not. However, in situations where reparations are funded, the design and disbursements of reintegration benefits for ex-combatants through the DDR programme may be sequenced with reparation for victims and delivery of return packages for refugees and IDPs returning to their home communi- ties (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Population Movements). Assistance offered to ex- combatants is less likely to foster resentment if reparations for victims are provided at a comparative level and within the same relative time period. If calendars for the provision of DDR benefits to ex-combatants and reparations to individual victims may not be made to coincide, some benefits to communities perhaps may be planned either through DDR or parallel programmes, or through an early phase of a national reparation or reconstruction programme. Likewise, where collective reparations are provided in a community or region, both victims and ex-combatants potentially benefit\u2014even as separate individualized DDR benefits are also made available (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).The Stockholm Initiative on DDR recommends establishing parallel windows of financ- ing for DDR and community oriented programming. This has the virtue of providing incen- tives for the coordination of programmes without providing incentives for fusing or merging programmes which may result in a dilution of mandates\u2014and effectiveness. Moreover ex-combatants may play a direct role in some reparations, either by providing direct repara- tion when they have individual responsibility for the violations that occurred, or, when appropriate, by contributing to reparations projects that aim to address community needs, such as working on a memorial or rebuilding a school or home that was destroyed in the armed conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1563, "Sentence":"Likewise, where collective reparations are provided in a community or region, both victims and ex-combatants potentially benefit\u2014even as separate individualized DDR benefits are also made available (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).The Stockholm Initiative on DDR recommends establishing parallel windows of financ- ing for DDR and community oriented programming.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice likewise collective reparation provided community region victim excombatants potentially benefit\u2014even separate individualized ddr benefit also made available see iddrs 4.30 social economic reintegration.the stockholm initiative ddr recommends establishing parallel window financ ing ddr community oriented programming ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.4. Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR donors, administrators and prosecutors may also collaborate more effectively in terms of sequencing their efforts. The possibilities for sequencing are numerous; this section merely provides ideas that can facilitate sequencing discussions between DDR and TJ practitioners. Prosecutors, for instance, may inform DDR administrators of the imminent announce- ment of indictments of certain commanders so that there is time to prepare for the possible negative reactions. Alternatively, in some cases prosecutors may take into account the prog- ress of the disarmament and demobilization operations when timing the announcement of their indictments.United Nations Staff working on DDR programmes should encourage their national interlocutors to coordinate on sequencing with truth commissions. Hearings for truth commissions, for example, could be scheduled in communities that are receiving large numbers of demobilized ex-combatants, thus providing ex-combatants with an immediate opportunity to apologize or tell their side of the story.The most important reason that implementation of reparations and DDR initiatives is not coordinated is that while DDR is funded, reparations are not. However, in situations where reparations are funded, the design and disbursements of reintegration benefits for ex-combatants through the DDR programme may be sequenced with reparation for victims and delivery of return packages for refugees and IDPs returning to their home communi- ties (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Population Movements). Assistance offered to ex- combatants is less likely to foster resentment if reparations for victims are provided at a comparative level and within the same relative time period. If calendars for the provision of DDR benefits to ex-combatants and reparations to individual victims may not be made to coincide, some benefits to communities perhaps may be planned either through DDR or parallel programmes, or through an early phase of a national reparation or reconstruction programme. Likewise, where collective reparations are provided in a community or region, both victims and ex-combatants potentially benefit\u2014even as separate individualized DDR benefits are also made available (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).The Stockholm Initiative on DDR recommends establishing parallel windows of financ- ing for DDR and community oriented programming. This has the virtue of providing incen- tives for the coordination of programmes without providing incentives for fusing or merging programmes which may result in a dilution of mandates\u2014and effectiveness. Moreover ex-combatants may play a direct role in some reparations, either by providing direct repara- tion when they have individual responsibility for the violations that occurred, or, when appropriate, by contributing to reparations projects that aim to address community needs, such as working on a memorial or rebuilding a school or home that was destroyed in the armed conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1563, "Sentence":"This has the virtue of providing incen- tives for the coordination of programmes without providing incentives for fusing or merging programmes which may result in a dilution of mandates\u2014and effectiveness.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice virtue providing incen tives coordination programme without providing incentive fusing merging programme may result dilution mandates\u2014and effectiveness ." }, { "ID":41, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.4. Collaborate on sequencing DDR and TJ efforts", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":25, "Paragraph":"DDR donors, administrators and prosecutors may also collaborate more effectively in terms of sequencing their efforts. The possibilities for sequencing are numerous; this section merely provides ideas that can facilitate sequencing discussions between DDR and TJ practitioners. Prosecutors, for instance, may inform DDR administrators of the imminent announce- ment of indictments of certain commanders so that there is time to prepare for the possible negative reactions. Alternatively, in some cases prosecutors may take into account the prog- ress of the disarmament and demobilization operations when timing the announcement of their indictments.United Nations Staff working on DDR programmes should encourage their national interlocutors to coordinate on sequencing with truth commissions. Hearings for truth commissions, for example, could be scheduled in communities that are receiving large numbers of demobilized ex-combatants, thus providing ex-combatants with an immediate opportunity to apologize or tell their side of the story.The most important reason that implementation of reparations and DDR initiatives is not coordinated is that while DDR is funded, reparations are not. However, in situations where reparations are funded, the design and disbursements of reintegration benefits for ex-combatants through the DDR programme may be sequenced with reparation for victims and delivery of return packages for refugees and IDPs returning to their home communi- ties (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-border Population Movements). Assistance offered to ex- combatants is less likely to foster resentment if reparations for victims are provided at a comparative level and within the same relative time period. If calendars for the provision of DDR benefits to ex-combatants and reparations to individual victims may not be made to coincide, some benefits to communities perhaps may be planned either through DDR or parallel programmes, or through an early phase of a national reparation or reconstruction programme. Likewise, where collective reparations are provided in a community or region, both victims and ex-combatants potentially benefit\u2014even as separate individualized DDR benefits are also made available (see IDDRS 4.30 on Social and Economic Reintegration).The Stockholm Initiative on DDR recommends establishing parallel windows of financ- ing for DDR and community oriented programming. This has the virtue of providing incen- tives for the coordination of programmes without providing incentives for fusing or merging programmes which may result in a dilution of mandates\u2014and effectiveness. Moreover ex-combatants may play a direct role in some reparations, either by providing direct repara- tion when they have individual responsibility for the violations that occurred, or, when appropriate, by contributing to reparations projects that aim to address community needs, such as working on a memorial or rebuilding a school or home that was destroyed in the armed conflict.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1563, "Sentence":"Moreover ex-combatants may play a direct role in some reparations, either by providing direct repara- tion when they have individual responsibility for the violations that occurred, or, when appropriate, by contributing to reparations projects that aim to address community needs, such as working on a memorial or rebuilding a school or home that was destroyed in the armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice moreover excombatants may play direct role reparation either providing direct repara tion individual responsibility violation occurred appropriate contributing reparation project aim address community need working memorial rebuilding school home destroyed armed conflict ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.5. Collaborate on strategies to target spoilers", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Even after a ceasefire or peace agreement, DDR is frequently challenged by commanders who refuse for a variety of reasons to disarm and demobilize, and impede their combatants from participating in DDR. In some of these cases, national DDR commissions (or other officials charged with DDR) and prosecutors may collaborate on prosecutorial strategies, for example focused on those most responsible for violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, that may help to remove these spoilers from the situation and allow for the DDR of the combat unit or group. Such an approach requires an accompanying pub- lic information strategy that indicates a clear and transparent criminal policy, indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted, and avoiding any perception of political influence, arbitrary prosecution, corruption or favoritism. The public information efforts of both the DDR programme and the prosecutions outreach units should seek to reassure lower rank- ing combatants that the focus of the prosecution initiative is on those most responsible and that they will be welcomed into the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1564, "Sentence":"Even after a ceasefire or peace agreement, DDR is frequently challenged by commanders who refuse for a variety of reasons to disarm and demobilize, and impede their combatants from participating in DDR.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice even ceasefire peace agreement ddr frequently challenged commander refuse variety reason disarm demobilize impede combatant participating ddr ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.5. Collaborate on strategies to target spoilers", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Even after a ceasefire or peace agreement, DDR is frequently challenged by commanders who refuse for a variety of reasons to disarm and demobilize, and impede their combatants from participating in DDR. In some of these cases, national DDR commissions (or other officials charged with DDR) and prosecutors may collaborate on prosecutorial strategies, for example focused on those most responsible for violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, that may help to remove these spoilers from the situation and allow for the DDR of the combat unit or group. Such an approach requires an accompanying pub- lic information strategy that indicates a clear and transparent criminal policy, indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted, and avoiding any perception of political influence, arbitrary prosecution, corruption or favoritism. The public information efforts of both the DDR programme and the prosecutions outreach units should seek to reassure lower rank- ing combatants that the focus of the prosecution initiative is on those most responsible and that they will be welcomed into the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1564, "Sentence":"In some of these cases, national DDR commissions (or other officials charged with DDR) and prosecutors may collaborate on prosecutorial strategies, for example focused on those most responsible for violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, that may help to remove these spoilers from the situation and allow for the DDR of the combat unit or group.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice case national ddr commission official charged ddr prosecutor may collaborate prosecutorial strategy example focused responsible violation international human right humanitarian law may help remove spoiler situation allow ddr combat unit group ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.5. Collaborate on strategies to target spoilers", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Even after a ceasefire or peace agreement, DDR is frequently challenged by commanders who refuse for a variety of reasons to disarm and demobilize, and impede their combatants from participating in DDR. In some of these cases, national DDR commissions (or other officials charged with DDR) and prosecutors may collaborate on prosecutorial strategies, for example focused on those most responsible for violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, that may help to remove these spoilers from the situation and allow for the DDR of the combat unit or group. Such an approach requires an accompanying pub- lic information strategy that indicates a clear and transparent criminal policy, indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted, and avoiding any perception of political influence, arbitrary prosecution, corruption or favoritism. The public information efforts of both the DDR programme and the prosecutions outreach units should seek to reassure lower rank- ing combatants that the focus of the prosecution initiative is on those most responsible and that they will be welcomed into the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1564, "Sentence":"Such an approach requires an accompanying pub- lic information strategy that indicates a clear and transparent criminal policy, indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted, and avoiding any perception of political influence, arbitrary prosecution, corruption or favoritism.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice approach requires accompanying pub lic information strategy indicates clear transparent criminal policy indicating kind case prosecuted avoiding perception political influence arbitrary prosecution corruption favoritism ." }, { "ID":42, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.5. Collaborate on strategies to target spoilers", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":23, "Paragraph":"Even after a ceasefire or peace agreement, DDR is frequently challenged by commanders who refuse for a variety of reasons to disarm and demobilize, and impede their combatants from participating in DDR. In some of these cases, national DDR commissions (or other officials charged with DDR) and prosecutors may collaborate on prosecutorial strategies, for example focused on those most responsible for violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, that may help to remove these spoilers from the situation and allow for the DDR of the combat unit or group. Such an approach requires an accompanying pub- lic information strategy that indicates a clear and transparent criminal policy, indicating what kind of cases will be prosecuted, and avoiding any perception of political influence, arbitrary prosecution, corruption or favoritism. The public information efforts of both the DDR programme and the prosecutions outreach units should seek to reassure lower rank- ing combatants that the focus of the prosecution initiative is on those most responsible and that they will be welcomed into the DDR programme.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1564, "Sentence":"The public information efforts of both the DDR programme and the prosecutions outreach units should seek to reassure lower rank- ing combatants that the focus of the prosecution initiative is on those most responsible and that they will be welcomed into the DDR programme.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice public information effort ddr programme prosecution outreach unit seek reassure lower rank ing combatant focus prosecution initiative responsible welcomed ddr programme ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.6. Encourage ex-combatants to participate in transitional justice measures", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants are often simultaneously fighters, witnesses, and victims of an armed con- flict. Their testimonies may be valuable for a prosecutions initiative or a truth commission. Additionally their story or experience may change the way others in the society may view them, by blurring the sharp distinctions between combatants, often seen solely as perpetra- tors, and victims, and exposing the structural roots of the conflict. A more comprehensive understanding of the experience of ex-combatants may ease the reintegration process.DDR programmes may encourage ex-combatant participation in transitional justice measures by offering information sessions on transitional justice during the demobilization process and working collaboratively with national actors working on transitional justice measures in their outreach to ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1565, "Sentence":"Ex-combatants are often simultaneously fighters, witnesses, and victims of an armed con- flict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice excombatants often simultaneously fighter witness victim armed con flict ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.6. Encourage ex-combatants to participate in transitional justice measures", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants are often simultaneously fighters, witnesses, and victims of an armed con- flict. Their testimonies may be valuable for a prosecutions initiative or a truth commission. Additionally their story or experience may change the way others in the society may view them, by blurring the sharp distinctions between combatants, often seen solely as perpetra- tors, and victims, and exposing the structural roots of the conflict. A more comprehensive understanding of the experience of ex-combatants may ease the reintegration process.DDR programmes may encourage ex-combatant participation in transitional justice measures by offering information sessions on transitional justice during the demobilization process and working collaboratively with national actors working on transitional justice measures in their outreach to ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1565, "Sentence":"Their testimonies may be valuable for a prosecutions initiative or a truth commission.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice testimony may valuable prosecution initiative truth commission ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.6. Encourage ex-combatants to participate in transitional justice measures", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants are often simultaneously fighters, witnesses, and victims of an armed con- flict. Their testimonies may be valuable for a prosecutions initiative or a truth commission. Additionally their story or experience may change the way others in the society may view them, by blurring the sharp distinctions between combatants, often seen solely as perpetra- tors, and victims, and exposing the structural roots of the conflict. A more comprehensive understanding of the experience of ex-combatants may ease the reintegration process.DDR programmes may encourage ex-combatant participation in transitional justice measures by offering information sessions on transitional justice during the demobilization process and working collaboratively with national actors working on transitional justice measures in their outreach to ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1565, "Sentence":"Additionally their story or experience may change the way others in the society may view them, by blurring the sharp distinctions between combatants, often seen solely as perpetra- tors, and victims, and exposing the structural roots of the conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice additionally story experience may change way others society may view blurring sharp distinction combatant often seen solely perpetra tor victim exposing structural root conflict ." }, { "ID":43, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.6. Encourage ex-combatants to participate in transitional justice measures", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Ex-combatants are often simultaneously fighters, witnesses, and victims of an armed con- flict. Their testimonies may be valuable for a prosecutions initiative or a truth commission. Additionally their story or experience may change the way others in the society may view them, by blurring the sharp distinctions between combatants, often seen solely as perpetra- tors, and victims, and exposing the structural roots of the conflict. A more comprehensive understanding of the experience of ex-combatants may ease the reintegration process.DDR programmes may encourage ex-combatant participation in transitional justice measures by offering information sessions on transitional justice during the demobilization process and working collaboratively with national actors working on transitional justice measures in their outreach to ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1565, "Sentence":"A more comprehensive understanding of the experience of ex-combatants may ease the reintegration process.DDR programmes may encourage ex-combatant participation in transitional justice measures by offering information sessions on transitional justice during the demobilization process and working collaboratively with national actors working on transitional justice measures in their outreach to ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice comprehensive understanding experience excombatants may ease reintegration process.ddr programme may encourage excombatant participation transitional justice measure offering information session transitional justice demobilization process working collaboratively national actor working transitional justice measure outreach excombatants ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.7. Consider how DDR may connect to and support legitimate locally based justice processes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Locally based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reintegrate. Locally based justice processes have particular potential for the reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups.Creating links between reintegration strategies, particularly community reintegration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes in support of the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone is one example.Before establishing a link with locally based processes, DDR programmes must ensure that they are legitimate and that they respect international human rights standards, includ- ing that they do not discriminate, particularly against women, and children. The national authorities in charge of DDR will include local experts that may provide advice to DDR programmes about locally based processes. Additionally civil society organizations may be able to provide information and contribute to strategies for connecting DDR programmes to locally based justice processes. Finally, outreach to recipient communities may include discussions about locally based justice processes and their applicability to the situations of ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1566, "Sentence":"Locally based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice locally based justice process may complement reintegration effort national level transitional justice measure providing communitylevel mean addressing issue accountability excombatants ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.7. Consider how DDR may connect to and support legitimate locally based justice processes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Locally based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reintegrate. Locally based justice processes have particular potential for the reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups.Creating links between reintegration strategies, particularly community reintegration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes in support of the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone is one example.Before establishing a link with locally based processes, DDR programmes must ensure that they are legitimate and that they respect international human rights standards, includ- ing that they do not discriminate, particularly against women, and children. The national authorities in charge of DDR will include local experts that may provide advice to DDR programmes about locally based processes. Additionally civil society organizations may be able to provide information and contribute to strategies for connecting DDR programmes to locally based justice processes. Finally, outreach to recipient communities may include discussions about locally based justice processes and their applicability to the situations of ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1566, "Sentence":"When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice excombatants participate process demonstrate desire part community take step repair damage responsible ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.7. Consider how DDR may connect to and support legitimate locally based justice processes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Locally based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reintegrate. Locally based justice processes have particular potential for the reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups.Creating links between reintegration strategies, particularly community reintegration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes in support of the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone is one example.Before establishing a link with locally based processes, DDR programmes must ensure that they are legitimate and that they respect international human rights standards, includ- ing that they do not discriminate, particularly against women, and children. The national authorities in charge of DDR will include local experts that may provide advice to DDR programmes about locally based processes. Additionally civil society organizations may be able to provide information and contribute to strategies for connecting DDR programmes to locally based justice processes. Finally, outreach to recipient communities may include discussions about locally based justice processes and their applicability to the situations of ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1566, "Sentence":"This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reintegrate.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice contributes building renewing trust excombatants community seek reintegrate ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.7. Consider how DDR may connect to and support legitimate locally based justice processes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Locally based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reintegrate. Locally based justice processes have particular potential for the reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups.Creating links between reintegration strategies, particularly community reintegration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes in support of the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone is one example.Before establishing a link with locally based processes, DDR programmes must ensure that they are legitimate and that they respect international human rights standards, includ- ing that they do not discriminate, particularly against women, and children. The national authorities in charge of DDR will include local experts that may provide advice to DDR programmes about locally based processes. Additionally civil society organizations may be able to provide information and contribute to strategies for connecting DDR programmes to locally based justice processes. Finally, outreach to recipient communities may include discussions about locally based justice processes and their applicability to the situations of ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1566, "Sentence":"Locally based justice processes have particular potential for the reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups.Creating links between reintegration strategies, particularly community reintegration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice locally based justice process particular potential reintegration child associated armed force groups.creating link reintegration strategy particularly community reintegration strategy excombatants locallybased justice process may one way bridge gap aim ddr aim transitional justice ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.7. Consider how DDR may connect to and support legitimate locally based justice processes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Locally based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reintegrate. Locally based justice processes have particular potential for the reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups.Creating links between reintegration strategies, particularly community reintegration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes in support of the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone is one example.Before establishing a link with locally based processes, DDR programmes must ensure that they are legitimate and that they respect international human rights standards, includ- ing that they do not discriminate, particularly against women, and children. The national authorities in charge of DDR will include local experts that may provide advice to DDR programmes about locally based processes. Additionally civil society organizations may be able to provide information and contribute to strategies for connecting DDR programmes to locally based justice processes. Finally, outreach to recipient communities may include discussions about locally based justice processes and their applicability to the situations of ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1566, "Sentence":"UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes in support of the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone is one example.Before establishing a link with locally based processes, DDR programmes must ensure that they are legitimate and that they respect international human rights standards, includ- ing that they do not discriminate, particularly against women, and children.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice unicef \u2019 work locally based justice process support reintegration child sierra leone one example.before establishing link locally based process ddr programme must ensure legitimate respect international human right standard includ ing discriminate particularly woman child ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.7. Consider how DDR may connect to and support legitimate locally based justice processes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Locally based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reintegrate. Locally based justice processes have particular potential for the reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups.Creating links between reintegration strategies, particularly community reintegration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes in support of the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone is one example.Before establishing a link with locally based processes, DDR programmes must ensure that they are legitimate and that they respect international human rights standards, includ- ing that they do not discriminate, particularly against women, and children. The national authorities in charge of DDR will include local experts that may provide advice to DDR programmes about locally based processes. Additionally civil society organizations may be able to provide information and contribute to strategies for connecting DDR programmes to locally based justice processes. Finally, outreach to recipient communities may include discussions about locally based justice processes and their applicability to the situations of ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1566, "Sentence":"The national authorities in charge of DDR will include local experts that may provide advice to DDR programmes about locally based processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice national authority charge ddr include local expert may provide advice ddr programme locally based process ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.7. Consider how DDR may connect to and support legitimate locally based justice processes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Locally based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reintegrate. Locally based justice processes have particular potential for the reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups.Creating links between reintegration strategies, particularly community reintegration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes in support of the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone is one example.Before establishing a link with locally based processes, DDR programmes must ensure that they are legitimate and that they respect international human rights standards, includ- ing that they do not discriminate, particularly against women, and children. The national authorities in charge of DDR will include local experts that may provide advice to DDR programmes about locally based processes. Additionally civil society organizations may be able to provide information and contribute to strategies for connecting DDR programmes to locally based justice processes. Finally, outreach to recipient communities may include discussions about locally based justice processes and their applicability to the situations of ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1566, "Sentence":"Additionally civil society organizations may be able to provide information and contribute to strategies for connecting DDR programmes to locally based justice processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice additionally civil society organization may able provide information contribute strategy connecting ddr programme locally based justice process ." }, { "ID":44, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.7. Consider how DDR may connect to and support legitimate locally based justice processes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":26, "Paragraph":"Locally based justice processes may complement reintegration efforts and national level transitional justice measures by providing a community-level means of addressing issues of accountability of ex-combatants. When ex-combatants participate in these processes, they demonstrate their desire to be a part of the community again, and to take steps to repair the damage for which they are responsible. This contributes to building or renewing trust between ex-combatants and the communities in which they seek to reintegrate. Locally based justice processes have particular potential for the reintegration of children associated with armed forces and groups.Creating links between reintegration strategies, particularly community reintegration strategies, for ex-combatants and locally-based justice processes may be one way to bridge the gap between the aims of DDR and the aims of transitional justice. UNICEF\u2019s work with locally based justice processes in support of the reintegration of children in Sierra Leone is one example.Before establishing a link with locally based processes, DDR programmes must ensure that they are legitimate and that they respect international human rights standards, includ- ing that they do not discriminate, particularly against women, and children. The national authorities in charge of DDR will include local experts that may provide advice to DDR programmes about locally based processes. Additionally civil society organizations may be able to provide information and contribute to strategies for connecting DDR programmes to locally based justice processes. Finally, outreach to recipient communities may include discussions about locally based justice processes and their applicability to the situations of ex-combatants.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1566, "Sentence":"Finally, outreach to recipient communities may include discussions about locally based justice processes and their applicability to the situations of ex-combatants.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice finally outreach recipient community may include discussion locally based justice process applicability situation excombatants ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.8. Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of women associated with armed groups and forces", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Women associated with armed groups and forces are potential participants in both DDR programmes and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting the participation of women. Both DDR and transitional justice should work towards a better understanding of the motivations, roles and needs of women ex-combatants and other women associated with armed forces and groups by directly engaging women in planning for both programmes and ensuring they are adequately rep- resented in decision-making bodies, in line with UNSC Resolution1325 on women, peace and security (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender, and DDR). Sharing information on their respective lessons learned in terms of facilitating the participation of women may be a first step. The ways in which women victims articulate their need for reparations, for example, might be considered in developing specific reintegration strategies for women. Additionally, DDR programme managers may coordinate with transitional justice meas- ures on community approaches that include women, such as strengthening women\u2019s role in locally based justice processes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1567, "Sentence":"Women associated with armed groups and forces are potential participants in both DDR programmes and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting the participation of women.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice woman associated armed group force potential participant ddr programme transitional justice measure faced challenge increasing supporting participation woman ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.8. Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of women associated with armed groups and forces", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Women associated with armed groups and forces are potential participants in both DDR programmes and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting the participation of women. Both DDR and transitional justice should work towards a better understanding of the motivations, roles and needs of women ex-combatants and other women associated with armed forces and groups by directly engaging women in planning for both programmes and ensuring they are adequately rep- resented in decision-making bodies, in line with UNSC Resolution1325 on women, peace and security (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender, and DDR). Sharing information on their respective lessons learned in terms of facilitating the participation of women may be a first step. The ways in which women victims articulate their need for reparations, for example, might be considered in developing specific reintegration strategies for women. Additionally, DDR programme managers may coordinate with transitional justice meas- ures on community approaches that include women, such as strengthening women\u2019s role in locally based justice processes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1567, "Sentence":"Both DDR and transitional justice should work towards a better understanding of the motivations, roles and needs of women ex-combatants and other women associated with armed forces and groups by directly engaging women in planning for both programmes and ensuring they are adequately rep- resented in decision-making bodies, in line with UNSC Resolution1325 on women, peace and security (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender, and DDR).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr transitional justice work towards better understanding motivation role need woman excombatants woman associated armed force group directly engaging woman planning programme ensuring adequately rep resented decisionmaking body line unsc resolution1325 woman peace security also see iddrs 5.10 woman gender ddr ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.8. Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of women associated with armed groups and forces", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Women associated with armed groups and forces are potential participants in both DDR programmes and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting the participation of women. Both DDR and transitional justice should work towards a better understanding of the motivations, roles and needs of women ex-combatants and other women associated with armed forces and groups by directly engaging women in planning for both programmes and ensuring they are adequately rep- resented in decision-making bodies, in line with UNSC Resolution1325 on women, peace and security (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender, and DDR). Sharing information on their respective lessons learned in terms of facilitating the participation of women may be a first step. The ways in which women victims articulate their need for reparations, for example, might be considered in developing specific reintegration strategies for women. Additionally, DDR programme managers may coordinate with transitional justice meas- ures on community approaches that include women, such as strengthening women\u2019s role in locally based justice processes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1567, "Sentence":"Sharing information on their respective lessons learned in terms of facilitating the participation of women may be a first step.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice sharing information respective lesson learned term facilitating participation woman may first step ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.8. Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of women associated with armed groups and forces", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Women associated with armed groups and forces are potential participants in both DDR programmes and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting the participation of women. Both DDR and transitional justice should work towards a better understanding of the motivations, roles and needs of women ex-combatants and other women associated with armed forces and groups by directly engaging women in planning for both programmes and ensuring they are adequately rep- resented in decision-making bodies, in line with UNSC Resolution1325 on women, peace and security (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender, and DDR). Sharing information on their respective lessons learned in terms of facilitating the participation of women may be a first step. The ways in which women victims articulate their need for reparations, for example, might be considered in developing specific reintegration strategies for women. Additionally, DDR programme managers may coordinate with transitional justice meas- ures on community approaches that include women, such as strengthening women\u2019s role in locally based justice processes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1567, "Sentence":"The ways in which women victims articulate their need for reparations, for example, might be considered in developing specific reintegration strategies for women.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice way woman victim articulate need reparation example might considered developing specific reintegration strategy woman ." }, { "ID":45, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.8. Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of women associated with armed groups and forces", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"Women associated with armed groups and forces are potential participants in both DDR programmes and transitional justice measures, and both are faced with the challenge of increasing and supporting the participation of women. Both DDR and transitional justice should work towards a better understanding of the motivations, roles and needs of women ex-combatants and other women associated with armed forces and groups by directly engaging women in planning for both programmes and ensuring they are adequately rep- resented in decision-making bodies, in line with UNSC Resolution1325 on women, peace and security (also see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender, and DDR). Sharing information on their respective lessons learned in terms of facilitating the participation of women may be a first step. The ways in which women victims articulate their need for reparations, for example, might be considered in developing specific reintegration strategies for women. Additionally, DDR programme managers may coordinate with transitional justice meas- ures on community approaches that include women, such as strengthening women\u2019s role in locally based justice processes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1567, "Sentence":"Additionally, DDR programme managers may coordinate with transitional justice meas- ures on community approaches that include women, such as strengthening women\u2019s role in locally based justice processes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice additionally ddr programme manager may coordinate transitional justice meas ures community approach include woman strengthening woman \u2019 role locally based justice process ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.9. Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces (CAAGF)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"DDR and transitional justice represent two types of initiatives among a range of interven- tions that are (at least partly) aimed at reintegrating children associated with armed groups and forces. Given the status of children as a special category of protected persons under international law, both DDR and transitional justice actors should work together on a strat- egy that considers these children primarily as victims.Joint coordination on the reintegration of children is possible in at least three broad areas. First, DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate on a strategy to iden- tify and hold accountable those who are recruiting children\u2014in order to make sure that the welfare of children is considered as the highest priority in that process. Second, both kinds of measures may work together on approaches to reintegrating children who may be responsible for violations of international humanitarian law or human rights law. Given the focus on CAAGF as victims, such an approach would preferably focus on non-judicial measures such as truth commissions and locally-based processes of truth and reconcilia- tion, which may better contribute to the reintegration of children than prosecution. At a minimum, a clear DDR and TJ policy should be developed as to the criminal responsibil- ity of children that takes adequate account of their protection and social reintegration. In the DRC, for example, the position shared by child protection agencies was for CAAFG accused of serious crimes to go through the juvenile justice system, applying special pro-cedures and reintegration measures. Third, if a reparations programme is under considera- tion, DDR and Transitional justice actors may work together to ensure a balance between what kind of DDR benefits are offered to CAAGF as former combatants and what is offered to them as reparations as victims.In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls. Gender inequality and cultural perceptions of women and girls may have particularly negative consequences for the reintegration of girl children associated with armed groups and forces. Targeted efforts by DDR and TJ may be necessary to ensure that girls are protected, but also that girls are given the opportunity to participate and benefit from these programmes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1568, "Sentence":"DDR and transitional justice represent two types of initiatives among a range of interven- tions that are (at least partly) aimed at reintegrating children associated with armed groups and forces.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr transitional justice represent two type initiative among range interven tions least partly aimed reintegrating child associated armed group force ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.9. Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces (CAAGF)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"DDR and transitional justice represent two types of initiatives among a range of interven- tions that are (at least partly) aimed at reintegrating children associated with armed groups and forces. Given the status of children as a special category of protected persons under international law, both DDR and transitional justice actors should work together on a strat- egy that considers these children primarily as victims.Joint coordination on the reintegration of children is possible in at least three broad areas. First, DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate on a strategy to iden- tify and hold accountable those who are recruiting children\u2014in order to make sure that the welfare of children is considered as the highest priority in that process. Second, both kinds of measures may work together on approaches to reintegrating children who may be responsible for violations of international humanitarian law or human rights law. Given the focus on CAAGF as victims, such an approach would preferably focus on non-judicial measures such as truth commissions and locally-based processes of truth and reconcilia- tion, which may better contribute to the reintegration of children than prosecution. At a minimum, a clear DDR and TJ policy should be developed as to the criminal responsibil- ity of children that takes adequate account of their protection and social reintegration. In the DRC, for example, the position shared by child protection agencies was for CAAFG accused of serious crimes to go through the juvenile justice system, applying special pro-cedures and reintegration measures. Third, if a reparations programme is under considera- tion, DDR and Transitional justice actors may work together to ensure a balance between what kind of DDR benefits are offered to CAAGF as former combatants and what is offered to them as reparations as victims.In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls. Gender inequality and cultural perceptions of women and girls may have particularly negative consequences for the reintegration of girl children associated with armed groups and forces. Targeted efforts by DDR and TJ may be necessary to ensure that girls are protected, but also that girls are given the opportunity to participate and benefit from these programmes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1568, "Sentence":"Given the status of children as a special category of protected persons under international law, both DDR and transitional justice actors should work together on a strat- egy that considers these children primarily as victims.Joint coordination on the reintegration of children is possible in at least three broad areas.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice given status child special category protected person international law ddr transitional justice actor work together strat egy considers child primarily victims.joint coordination reintegration child possible least three broad area ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.9. Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces (CAAGF)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"DDR and transitional justice represent two types of initiatives among a range of interven- tions that are (at least partly) aimed at reintegrating children associated with armed groups and forces. Given the status of children as a special category of protected persons under international law, both DDR and transitional justice actors should work together on a strat- egy that considers these children primarily as victims.Joint coordination on the reintegration of children is possible in at least three broad areas. First, DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate on a strategy to iden- tify and hold accountable those who are recruiting children\u2014in order to make sure that the welfare of children is considered as the highest priority in that process. Second, both kinds of measures may work together on approaches to reintegrating children who may be responsible for violations of international humanitarian law or human rights law. Given the focus on CAAGF as victims, such an approach would preferably focus on non-judicial measures such as truth commissions and locally-based processes of truth and reconcilia- tion, which may better contribute to the reintegration of children than prosecution. At a minimum, a clear DDR and TJ policy should be developed as to the criminal responsibil- ity of children that takes adequate account of their protection and social reintegration. In the DRC, for example, the position shared by child protection agencies was for CAAFG accused of serious crimes to go through the juvenile justice system, applying special pro-cedures and reintegration measures. Third, if a reparations programme is under considera- tion, DDR and Transitional justice actors may work together to ensure a balance between what kind of DDR benefits are offered to CAAGF as former combatants and what is offered to them as reparations as victims.In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls. Gender inequality and cultural perceptions of women and girls may have particularly negative consequences for the reintegration of girl children associated with armed groups and forces. Targeted efforts by DDR and TJ may be necessary to ensure that girls are protected, but also that girls are given the opportunity to participate and benefit from these programmes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1568, "Sentence":"First, DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate on a strategy to iden- tify and hold accountable those who are recruiting children\u2014in order to make sure that the welfare of children is considered as the highest priority in that process.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice first ddr transitional justice measure may coordinate strategy iden tify hold accountable recruiting children\u2014in order make sure welfare child considered highest priority process ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.9. Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces (CAAGF)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"DDR and transitional justice represent two types of initiatives among a range of interven- tions that are (at least partly) aimed at reintegrating children associated with armed groups and forces. Given the status of children as a special category of protected persons under international law, both DDR and transitional justice actors should work together on a strat- egy that considers these children primarily as victims.Joint coordination on the reintegration of children is possible in at least three broad areas. First, DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate on a strategy to iden- tify and hold accountable those who are recruiting children\u2014in order to make sure that the welfare of children is considered as the highest priority in that process. Second, both kinds of measures may work together on approaches to reintegrating children who may be responsible for violations of international humanitarian law or human rights law. Given the focus on CAAGF as victims, such an approach would preferably focus on non-judicial measures such as truth commissions and locally-based processes of truth and reconcilia- tion, which may better contribute to the reintegration of children than prosecution. At a minimum, a clear DDR and TJ policy should be developed as to the criminal responsibil- ity of children that takes adequate account of their protection and social reintegration. In the DRC, for example, the position shared by child protection agencies was for CAAFG accused of serious crimes to go through the juvenile justice system, applying special pro-cedures and reintegration measures. Third, if a reparations programme is under considera- tion, DDR and Transitional justice actors may work together to ensure a balance between what kind of DDR benefits are offered to CAAGF as former combatants and what is offered to them as reparations as victims.In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls. Gender inequality and cultural perceptions of women and girls may have particularly negative consequences for the reintegration of girl children associated with armed groups and forces. Targeted efforts by DDR and TJ may be necessary to ensure that girls are protected, but also that girls are given the opportunity to participate and benefit from these programmes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1568, "Sentence":"Second, both kinds of measures may work together on approaches to reintegrating children who may be responsible for violations of international humanitarian law or human rights law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice second kind measure may work together approach reintegrating child may responsible violation international humanitarian law human right law ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.9. Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces (CAAGF)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"DDR and transitional justice represent two types of initiatives among a range of interven- tions that are (at least partly) aimed at reintegrating children associated with armed groups and forces. Given the status of children as a special category of protected persons under international law, both DDR and transitional justice actors should work together on a strat- egy that considers these children primarily as victims.Joint coordination on the reintegration of children is possible in at least three broad areas. First, DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate on a strategy to iden- tify and hold accountable those who are recruiting children\u2014in order to make sure that the welfare of children is considered as the highest priority in that process. Second, both kinds of measures may work together on approaches to reintegrating children who may be responsible for violations of international humanitarian law or human rights law. Given the focus on CAAGF as victims, such an approach would preferably focus on non-judicial measures such as truth commissions and locally-based processes of truth and reconcilia- tion, which may better contribute to the reintegration of children than prosecution. At a minimum, a clear DDR and TJ policy should be developed as to the criminal responsibil- ity of children that takes adequate account of their protection and social reintegration. In the DRC, for example, the position shared by child protection agencies was for CAAFG accused of serious crimes to go through the juvenile justice system, applying special pro-cedures and reintegration measures. Third, if a reparations programme is under considera- tion, DDR and Transitional justice actors may work together to ensure a balance between what kind of DDR benefits are offered to CAAGF as former combatants and what is offered to them as reparations as victims.In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls. Gender inequality and cultural perceptions of women and girls may have particularly negative consequences for the reintegration of girl children associated with armed groups and forces. Targeted efforts by DDR and TJ may be necessary to ensure that girls are protected, but also that girls are given the opportunity to participate and benefit from these programmes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1568, "Sentence":"Given the focus on CAAGF as victims, such an approach would preferably focus on non-judicial measures such as truth commissions and locally-based processes of truth and reconcilia- tion, which may better contribute to the reintegration of children than prosecution.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice given focus caagf victim approach would preferably focus nonjudicial measure truth commission locallybased process truth reconcilia tion may better contribute reintegration child prosecution ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.9. Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces (CAAGF)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"DDR and transitional justice represent two types of initiatives among a range of interven- tions that are (at least partly) aimed at reintegrating children associated with armed groups and forces. Given the status of children as a special category of protected persons under international law, both DDR and transitional justice actors should work together on a strat- egy that considers these children primarily as victims.Joint coordination on the reintegration of children is possible in at least three broad areas. First, DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate on a strategy to iden- tify and hold accountable those who are recruiting children\u2014in order to make sure that the welfare of children is considered as the highest priority in that process. Second, both kinds of measures may work together on approaches to reintegrating children who may be responsible for violations of international humanitarian law or human rights law. Given the focus on CAAGF as victims, such an approach would preferably focus on non-judicial measures such as truth commissions and locally-based processes of truth and reconcilia- tion, which may better contribute to the reintegration of children than prosecution. At a minimum, a clear DDR and TJ policy should be developed as to the criminal responsibil- ity of children that takes adequate account of their protection and social reintegration. In the DRC, for example, the position shared by child protection agencies was for CAAFG accused of serious crimes to go through the juvenile justice system, applying special pro-cedures and reintegration measures. Third, if a reparations programme is under considera- tion, DDR and Transitional justice actors may work together to ensure a balance between what kind of DDR benefits are offered to CAAGF as former combatants and what is offered to them as reparations as victims.In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls. Gender inequality and cultural perceptions of women and girls may have particularly negative consequences for the reintegration of girl children associated with armed groups and forces. Targeted efforts by DDR and TJ may be necessary to ensure that girls are protected, but also that girls are given the opportunity to participate and benefit from these programmes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1568, "Sentence":"At a minimum, a clear DDR and TJ policy should be developed as to the criminal responsibil- ity of children that takes adequate account of their protection and social reintegration.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice minimum clear ddr tj policy developed criminal responsibil ity child take adequate account protection social reintegration ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.9. Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces (CAAGF)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"DDR and transitional justice represent two types of initiatives among a range of interven- tions that are (at least partly) aimed at reintegrating children associated with armed groups and forces. Given the status of children as a special category of protected persons under international law, both DDR and transitional justice actors should work together on a strat- egy that considers these children primarily as victims.Joint coordination on the reintegration of children is possible in at least three broad areas. First, DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate on a strategy to iden- tify and hold accountable those who are recruiting children\u2014in order to make sure that the welfare of children is considered as the highest priority in that process. Second, both kinds of measures may work together on approaches to reintegrating children who may be responsible for violations of international humanitarian law or human rights law. Given the focus on CAAGF as victims, such an approach would preferably focus on non-judicial measures such as truth commissions and locally-based processes of truth and reconcilia- tion, which may better contribute to the reintegration of children than prosecution. At a minimum, a clear DDR and TJ policy should be developed as to the criminal responsibil- ity of children that takes adequate account of their protection and social reintegration. In the DRC, for example, the position shared by child protection agencies was for CAAFG accused of serious crimes to go through the juvenile justice system, applying special pro-cedures and reintegration measures. Third, if a reparations programme is under considera- tion, DDR and Transitional justice actors may work together to ensure a balance between what kind of DDR benefits are offered to CAAGF as former combatants and what is offered to them as reparations as victims.In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls. Gender inequality and cultural perceptions of women and girls may have particularly negative consequences for the reintegration of girl children associated with armed groups and forces. Targeted efforts by DDR and TJ may be necessary to ensure that girls are protected, but also that girls are given the opportunity to participate and benefit from these programmes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1568, "Sentence":"In the DRC, for example, the position shared by child protection agencies was for CAAFG accused of serious crimes to go through the juvenile justice system, applying special pro-cedures and reintegration measures.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice drc example position shared child protection agency caafg accused serious crime go juvenile justice system applying special procedure reintegration measure ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.9. Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces (CAAGF)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"DDR and transitional justice represent two types of initiatives among a range of interven- tions that are (at least partly) aimed at reintegrating children associated with armed groups and forces. Given the status of children as a special category of protected persons under international law, both DDR and transitional justice actors should work together on a strat- egy that considers these children primarily as victims.Joint coordination on the reintegration of children is possible in at least three broad areas. First, DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate on a strategy to iden- tify and hold accountable those who are recruiting children\u2014in order to make sure that the welfare of children is considered as the highest priority in that process. Second, both kinds of measures may work together on approaches to reintegrating children who may be responsible for violations of international humanitarian law or human rights law. Given the focus on CAAGF as victims, such an approach would preferably focus on non-judicial measures such as truth commissions and locally-based processes of truth and reconcilia- tion, which may better contribute to the reintegration of children than prosecution. At a minimum, a clear DDR and TJ policy should be developed as to the criminal responsibil- ity of children that takes adequate account of their protection and social reintegration. In the DRC, for example, the position shared by child protection agencies was for CAAFG accused of serious crimes to go through the juvenile justice system, applying special pro-cedures and reintegration measures. Third, if a reparations programme is under considera- tion, DDR and Transitional justice actors may work together to ensure a balance between what kind of DDR benefits are offered to CAAGF as former combatants and what is offered to them as reparations as victims.In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls. Gender inequality and cultural perceptions of women and girls may have particularly negative consequences for the reintegration of girl children associated with armed groups and forces. Targeted efforts by DDR and TJ may be necessary to ensure that girls are protected, but also that girls are given the opportunity to participate and benefit from these programmes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1568, "Sentence":"Third, if a reparations programme is under considera- tion, DDR and Transitional justice actors may work together to ensure a balance between what kind of DDR benefits are offered to CAAGF as former combatants and what is offered to them as reparations as victims.In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice third reparation programme considera tion ddr transitional justice actor may work together ensure balance kind ddr benefit offered caagf former combatant offered reparation victims.in process particular attention need given girl ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.9. Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces (CAAGF)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"DDR and transitional justice represent two types of initiatives among a range of interven- tions that are (at least partly) aimed at reintegrating children associated with armed groups and forces. Given the status of children as a special category of protected persons under international law, both DDR and transitional justice actors should work together on a strat- egy that considers these children primarily as victims.Joint coordination on the reintegration of children is possible in at least three broad areas. First, DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate on a strategy to iden- tify and hold accountable those who are recruiting children\u2014in order to make sure that the welfare of children is considered as the highest priority in that process. Second, both kinds of measures may work together on approaches to reintegrating children who may be responsible for violations of international humanitarian law or human rights law. Given the focus on CAAGF as victims, such an approach would preferably focus on non-judicial measures such as truth commissions and locally-based processes of truth and reconcilia- tion, which may better contribute to the reintegration of children than prosecution. At a minimum, a clear DDR and TJ policy should be developed as to the criminal responsibil- ity of children that takes adequate account of their protection and social reintegration. In the DRC, for example, the position shared by child protection agencies was for CAAFG accused of serious crimes to go through the juvenile justice system, applying special pro-cedures and reintegration measures. Third, if a reparations programme is under considera- tion, DDR and Transitional justice actors may work together to ensure a balance between what kind of DDR benefits are offered to CAAGF as former combatants and what is offered to them as reparations as victims.In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls. Gender inequality and cultural perceptions of women and girls may have particularly negative consequences for the reintegration of girl children associated with armed groups and forces. Targeted efforts by DDR and TJ may be necessary to ensure that girls are protected, but also that girls are given the opportunity to participate and benefit from these programmes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1568, "Sentence":"Gender inequality and cultural perceptions of women and girls may have particularly negative consequences for the reintegration of girl children associated with armed groups and forces.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice gender inequality cultural perception woman girl may particularly negative consequence reintegration girl child associated armed group force ." }, { "ID":46, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.9. Consider how DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate to support the reintegration of children associated with armed groups and forces (CAAGF)", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":27, "Paragraph":"DDR and transitional justice represent two types of initiatives among a range of interven- tions that are (at least partly) aimed at reintegrating children associated with armed groups and forces. Given the status of children as a special category of protected persons under international law, both DDR and transitional justice actors should work together on a strat- egy that considers these children primarily as victims.Joint coordination on the reintegration of children is possible in at least three broad areas. First, DDR and transitional justice measures may coordinate on a strategy to iden- tify and hold accountable those who are recruiting children\u2014in order to make sure that the welfare of children is considered as the highest priority in that process. Second, both kinds of measures may work together on approaches to reintegrating children who may be responsible for violations of international humanitarian law or human rights law. Given the focus on CAAGF as victims, such an approach would preferably focus on non-judicial measures such as truth commissions and locally-based processes of truth and reconcilia- tion, which may better contribute to the reintegration of children than prosecution. At a minimum, a clear DDR and TJ policy should be developed as to the criminal responsibil- ity of children that takes adequate account of their protection and social reintegration. In the DRC, for example, the position shared by child protection agencies was for CAAFG accused of serious crimes to go through the juvenile justice system, applying special pro-cedures and reintegration measures. Third, if a reparations programme is under considera- tion, DDR and Transitional justice actors may work together to ensure a balance between what kind of DDR benefits are offered to CAAGF as former combatants and what is offered to them as reparations as victims.In this process, particular attention needs to be given to girls. Gender inequality and cultural perceptions of women and girls may have particularly negative consequences for the reintegration of girl children associated with armed groups and forces. Targeted efforts by DDR and TJ may be necessary to ensure that girls are protected, but also that girls are given the opportunity to participate and benefit from these programmes.", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1568, "Sentence":"Targeted efforts by DDR and TJ may be necessary to ensure that girls are protected, but also that girls are given the opportunity to participate and benefit from these programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice targeted effort ddr tj may necessary ensure girl protected also girl given opportunity participate benefit programme ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.10. Consider how the design of the DDR programme contributes to the aims of institutional reform, including vetting processes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Consideration should be given to how the design of the DDR process relates to institutional reform efforts. For example, DDR programmes may coordinate with vetting procedures, providing information to ensure that ex-combatants who are responsible for gross viola- tions of human rights or serious crimes under international law are not reintegrated into public institutions, particularly the armed forces or other national security institutions (also see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1569, "Sentence":"Consideration should be given to how the design of the DDR process relates to institutional reform efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice consideration given design ddr process relates institutional reform effort ." }, { "ID":47, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"8. Prospects for coordination", "Heading2":"8.3. Beyond \u201cdo no harm\u201d: Constructively connecting DDR and TJ .", "Heading3":"8.3.10. Consider how the design of the DDR programme contributes to the aims of institutional reform, including vetting processes", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":28, "Paragraph":"Consideration should be given to how the design of the DDR process relates to institutional reform efforts. For example, DDR programmes may coordinate with vetting procedures, providing information to ensure that ex-combatants who are responsible for gross viola- tions of human rights or serious crimes under international law are not reintegrated into public institutions, particularly the armed forces or other national security institutions (also see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1569, "Sentence":"For example, DDR programmes may coordinate with vetting procedures, providing information to ensure that ex-combatants who are responsible for gross viola- tions of human rights or serious crimes under international law are not reintegrated into public institutions, particularly the armed forces or other national security institutions (also see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice example ddr programme may coordinate vetting procedure providing information ensure excombatants responsible gross viola tions human right serious crime international law reintegrated public institution particularly armed force national security institution also see iddrs 6.10 ddr security sector reform ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ad hoc international criminal tribunal \u2013 international judicial body created ad dress particular situation limited amount time result singular political historical circumstance ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice composed independent judge working basis predetermined rule procedure rendering binding decision ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice subject principle governing work international judiciary e.g . due process impartiality independence.hybrid court tribunal \u2013 court mixed composition jurisdiction encom passing national international aspect usually operating crime occurred ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice similar international tribunal hybrid court ad hoc institution created address particular situation limited amount time result singular political historical circumstance ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice composed independent judge working basis predetermined rule procedure rendering binding decision ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice subject principle governing work international judiciary e.g . due process impartiality independence.institutional reform \u2013 changing public institution perpetuated conflict served repressive regime transformed institution support transition sustain peace preserve rule law ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice following period massive human right abuse building fair efficient public institution play critical role preventing future abuse ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice also enables public institution particular security justice sector pro vide criminal accountability past abuses.international humanitarian law ihl \u2013 set international rule established trea tie customary law seek limit effect armed conflict ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice aim protect person longer participating hostility restricts mean method warfare ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice international humanitarian law main treaty source applicable international armed conflict four geneva convention 1949 additional protocol 1977 ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice main treaty source applicable noninternational armed conflict article 3 common geneva convention additional protocol ii 1977 ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice inter national humanitarian law applicable time armed conflict whether international noninternational ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice information see ohchr \u2019 fact sheet no.13 international humanitarian law human right http\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htminternational human right law \u2013 set international rule established treaty customary law lay obligation state respect protect fulfill human right fundamental freedom individual group ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice international human right law main treaty source inter alia universal declaration human right international covenant civil political right 1966 economic social cultural right 1966 well convention prevention punishment crime genocide 1948 elimination form racial discrimination 1965 elimination form discrimination woman 1979 torture cruel inhuman degrading treatment 1984 right child 1989 ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice instrument declaration guideline principle adopted interna tional level also belong body international human right standard ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice international human right law applies time peacetime situation armed con flict ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice see also http\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/professionalinterest\/pages\/internationallaw.aspxprosecutions \u2013 conduct investigation judicial proceeding alleged perpetrator crime accordance international standard administration justice ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice purpose module focus prosecution individual ac cused criminal conduct involving gross violation international human right law serious violation international humanitarian law violation international criminal law ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice form function mandate prosecution initiative vary ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice broad scope aiming try many perpetrator narrowly focused bear responsibility crime committed.reparations \u2013 set measure provides redress victim gross violation international human right law serious violation international humanitarian law violation international criminal law ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice reparation take form restitution com pensation rehabilitation satisfaction guarantee nonrepetition ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice reparation program two goal first provide recognition victim reparation explicitly primarily carried behalf victim second encourage trust among citizen citizen state demonstrating past abuse regarded seriously new government.transitional justice \u2013 comprises full range process measure associated society \u2019 attempt come term legacy largescale past abuse order ensure accountability serve justice achieve reconciliation ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice may include criminal pro ecutions truth commission vetting reparation program memorialization effort ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice whatever combination chosen must conformity international legal standard obligations.truth commission \u2013 nonjudicial quasijudicial factfinding body ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice primary purpose investigating reporting past abuse attempt understand extent pattern past violation well cause consequence ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice work commission help society understand acknowledge contested denied history bring voice story victim public large ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"It also aims at preventing further abuses.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice also aim preventing abuse ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"Truth commissions can be official, local or national.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice truth commission official local national ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice may conduct investigation hearing may identify individual insti tutions responsible abuse ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice truth commission may also empowered make policy prosecutorial recommendations.vetting \u2013 process aim exclude individual public service whose previous conduct incompatible holding public position view reestablishing civic trust relegitimize public institution ." }, { "ID":48, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex A: Terms and definitions", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":29, "Paragraph":"Ad hoc international criminal tribunals \u2013 are international judicial bodies created to ad- dress particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Hybrid courts or tribunals \u2013 are courts of mixed composition and jurisdiction, encom- passing both national and international aspects, and usually operating where the crimes occurred. Similar to international tribunals, hybrid courts are ad hoc institutions, created to address particular situations, for a limited amount of time, and are the result of singular political and historical circumstances. They are composed of independent judges, working on the basis of predetermined rules of procedure, and rendering binding decisions. They are subject to the same principles governing the work of all international judiciaries (e.g., due process, impartiality and independence).Institutional reform \u2013 is changing public institutions that perpetuated a conflict or served a repressive regime to be transformed into institutions that support the transition, sustain peace and preserve the rule of law. Following a period of massive human rights abuse, building fair and efficient public institutions play a critical role in preventing future abuses. It also enables public institutions, in particular in the security and justice sectors, to pro- vide criminal accountability for past abuses.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by trea- ties and customary law, which seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict. It aims to protect persons who are not, or are no longer, participating in the hostilities and restricts the means and methods of warfare. International humanitarian law main treaty sources applicable in international armed conflict are the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977. The main treaty sources applicable in non-international armed conflict are article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II of 1977. Inter- national humanitarian law is applicable in times of armed conflict, whether international or non-international. For more information see OHCHR\u2019s Fact Sheet No.13, International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights at http:\/\/www.unhchr.ch\/html\/menu6\/2\/fs13.htmInternational human rights law \u2013 is a set of international rules, established by treaties and customary law which lays down obligations on States to respect, protect and fulfill human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. International human rights law main treaty sources, inter alia, are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights (1966) and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), as well as Conventions on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (1984), and on the Rights of the Child (1989). Other instruments, such as declarations, guidelines and principles adopted at the interna- tional level also belong to the body of international human rights standards. International human rights law applies at all times, both in peacetime and in situations of armed con- flict. See also http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/ProfessionalInterest\/Pages\/InternationalLaw.aspxProsecutions \u2013 are the conduct of investigations and judicial proceedings against an alleged perpetrator of a crime in accordance with international standards for the administration of justice. For the purposes of this module, the focus is on the prosecution of individuals ac- cused of criminal conduct involving gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. The form, function and mandate of prosecutions initiatives can vary. They can be broad in scope, aiming to try many perpetrators, or they can be narrowly focused on those that bear the most responsibility for the crimes committed.Reparations \u2013 are a set of measures that provides redress for victims of gross violations of international human rights law, serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations of international criminal law. Reparations can take the form of restitution, com- pensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantees of non-repetition. Reparations programs have two goals: first, to provide recognition for victims because reparation are explicitly and primarily carried out on behalf of victims ; and, second, to encourage trust among citizens, and between citizens and the state, by demonstrating that past abuses are regarded seriously by the new government.Transitional justice \u2013 comprises the full range of processes and measures associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. It may include criminal pros- ecutions, truth commissions, vetting, reparations programs and memorialization efforts. Whatever combination is chosen must be in conformity with international legal standards and obligations.Truth commissions \u2013 are non-judicial or quasi-judicial fact-finding bodies. They have the primary purpose of investigating and reporting on past abuses in an attempt to understand the extent and patterns of past violations, as well as their causes and consequences. The work of a commission is to help a society understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and bring the voices and stories of victims to the public at large. It also aims at preventing further abuses. Truth commissions can be official, local or national. They may conduct investigations and hearings, and may identify the individuals and insti- tutions responsible for abuse. Truth commissions may also be empowered to make policy and prosecutorial recommendations.Vetting \u2013 is a process that aims to exclude individuals from public service whose previous conduct is incompatible with their holding a public position, with a view to re-establishing civic trust and re-legitimize public institutions. Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "Can":1, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1570, "Sentence":"Their removal should comply with require- ments of due process of law and principles of non-discrimination.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice removal comply require ments due process law principle nondiscrimination ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice question related overall human right situation n crime involving violation international human right law international humanitarian law perpetrated different protagonist armed conflict" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"In what different ways were women involved in the conflict?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice different way woman involved conflict" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice describe specific form abuse n n woman girl subjected conflict ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n describe use child combatant group ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice abuse part orches trated strategy i.e ." }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice systematic perpetrated state nonstate security force" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice institutional process facilitated abusequestions related peace agreement n key component final peace agreement" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n amnesty offered part peace process" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"What type of amnesty?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice type amnesty" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice abuse forced recruitment child sexual violence etc" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n transitional justice measure mandated peace agreement truth commission prosecution process reparation programme victim insti tutional reform aimed preventing future human right violation" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n peace agreement stipulate connection ddr process transitional justice measure" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n information peace agreement disseminated general popu lation particular vulnerable marginalized groupsquestions related ddr n form conditionality link ddr justice measure example amnesty promise reduced sentence combatant enter ddr program" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n criterion admittance ddr program" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice criterion take consideration varied role woman child associated armed force group" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n stipulated difference treatment men woman child ddr programme" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n kind information gathered combatant ddr process" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice information collected disaggregated gender" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ass whether ex combatant committed act sexual violence" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n demobilized combatant opportunity reintegrated new army police force" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n local community involved reintegration programme" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n reintegration programme consider aim provide benefit commu nities demobilized combatant returnquestions related transitional justice n office united nation peacekeeping mission and\/or un agency focal point transitional justice human right rule law issue" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n government entity focal point transitional justice human right rule law issue" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Is there a national truth commission?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n national truth commission" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice truthseeking initiative example local regional level country" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n investigation and\/or prosecution perpetrator crime involving violation international human right law international humanitarian law occurred conflict" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n truth commission prosecution process specific outreach strategy dealing excombatants" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n truth commission prosecution process public information reach capacity" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"What kind of information is being disseminated?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice kind information disseminated" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice reaching vulnerable marginalized group including excombatants communicating mandate operation" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n plan offer reparation victim community ravaged conflict" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice targeted beneficiary reparation" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice woman survivor sexual violence considered reparation programme female excombatants waafg child" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"When will reparations be distributed?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice reparation distributed" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"How will reparations distributed?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice reparation distributed" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice funding could fund reparation programme" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n reparation tied transitional justice measure prosecution truthtelling institutional reform and\/or local justice initiative" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n institutional reform vetting mandated part peace agreement postconflict legal framework" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice security sector institution targeted reform" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice accountability mechanism set address integrity security sector personnel" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n justice reconciliation effort local\/community level" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n involvement woman and\/or child locally based justice rec onciliation initiative" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n criterion determining could participate locally based justice reconciliation initiative" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n locally based justice reconciliation initiative linked tran sitional justice measure prosecution truthtelling and\/or reparationsquestions related possibility coordination n planned timetable ddr programme overlap planned transitional justice measure" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n opportunity coordinate information strategy around ddr transi tional justice measure" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n excombatants screened human right criterion part ddr programme" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ddr programme integrate human right education and\/or information s sion specifically provide information transitional justice" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n ddr programme provide incentive excombatants participate pro ecutions process truthseeking initiative" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n screening human right criterion excombatants interested staying joining security force" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n ddr programme support coordinate initiative address justice woman justice child" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n information gathered ddr programme shared truth com mission prosecution process" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n benefit offered excombatants ddr programme compare reparation offered victim armed conflict" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n benefit provided excombatants considered light reparation offered victim" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice coordination two mechanism possible" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n opportunity connect reintegration programme locally based justice reconciliation initiative" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice example benefit provided community include support locally based justice reconciliation initiative" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n reintegration programme include component involves excombatants effort rebuild community physically destroyed result armed conflict" }, { "ID":49, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex B: Critical questions for the field assessment", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":31, "Paragraph":"Questions related to the overall human rights situation \\n What crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law were perpetrated by the different protagonists in the armed conflict? In what different ways were women involved in the conflict? Describe any specific forms of abuse to \\n \\n which women and girls were subjected during the conflict. \\n Describe any use of children by combatant groups. Was this abuse part of an orches- trated strategy, i.e. systematic and perpetrated by state and non-state security forces? If so, what were the institutional processes that facilitated such abuse?Questions related to the peace agreement \\n What were the key components of the final peace agreement? \\n Was amnesty offered as part of the peace process? What type of amnesty? And for what abuses (forced recruitment of children, sexual violence etc)? \\n Were there any transitional justice measures mandated in the peace agreement such as a truth commission, prosecutions process, reparations programme for victims, or insti- tutional reform aimed at preventing future human rights violations? \\n Did the peace agreement stipulate any connection between the DDR process and transitional justice measures? \\n How was information about the peace agreement disseminated to the general popu- lation, in particular to vulnerable and marginalized groups?Questions related to DDR \\n Is there any form of conditionality that links DDR and justice measures, for example, amnesty or the promise of reduced sentences for combatants that enter the DDR program? \\n What are the criteria for admittance into the DDR program? Do the criteria take into consideration the varied roles of women and children associated with armed forces and groups? \\n Will there be any stipulated differences between treatment of men, women or children in the DDR programme? \\n What kind of information will be gathered from combatants during the DDR process? Will the information collected be disaggregated by gender? Will it assess whether ex- combatants committed acts of sexual violence? \\n Will demobilized combatants have the opportunity to be reintegrated into a new army or police force? \\n Is the local community involved in the reintegration programme? \\n Will the reintegration programme consider or aim to provide benefits to the commu- nities where demobilized combatants will return?Questions related to transitional justice \\n What office in the United Nations peacekeeping mission and\/or what UN agency is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights, and rule of law issues? \\n What government entity is the focal point on transitional justice, human rights and rule of law issues? \\n Is there a national truth commission? Are there any other truth-seeking initiatives, for example at the local or regional level of the country? \\n Are there any investigations and\/or prosecutions of perpetrators of crimes involving violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that occurred during the conflict? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have any specific outreach to, or strategy for dealing with, ex-combatants? \\n Does the truth commission or prosecutions process have a public information or out- reach capacity? What kind of information is being disseminated? How are they reaching out to vulnerable, marginalized groups including ex-combatants in communicating mandate and operations? \\n Are there plans to offer reparations to victims or communities ravaged by the conflict? Who are the targeted beneficiaries of the reparations? How are women survivors of sexual violence considered in reparations programmes, female ex-combatants, WAAFG, children? When will reparations be distributed? How will reparations distributed? Who is funding or could fund the reparation programme? \\n Are reparations tied to any other transitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling, institutional reform and\/or local justice initiatives? \\n Is institutional reform, such as vetting, mandated as part of the peace agreement or post-conflict legal framework? Are security sector institutions targeted for such reform? Are there any accountability mechanisms set up to address the integrity of the security sector personnel? \\n Are there any justice or reconciliation efforts at the local\/community level? \\n What is the involvement of women and\/or children in locally based justice and rec- onciliation initiatives? \\n What is the criterion for determining who could participate in locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Are these locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives linked to any other tran- sitional justice measures such as prosecutions, truth-telling and\/or reparations?Questions related to possibilities for coordination \\n Will the planned timetable for the DDR programme overlap with planned transitional justice measures? \\n Are there opportunities to coordinate information strategies around DDR and transi- tional justice measures? \\n Will ex-combatants be screened on human rights criteria as part of the DDR programme? Can the DDR programme integrate human rights education and\/or information ses- sions that specifically provide information on transitional justice? \\n Can the DDR programme provide incentives for ex-combatants to participate in pros- ecutions processes or truth-seeking initiatives? \\n Will there be any screening on human rights criteria of those ex-combatants interested in staying in or joining the security forces? \\n How can the DDR programme support or coordinate with other initiatives that address justice for women and justice for children? \\n Can any information gathered during the DDR programme be shared with a truth com- mission or prosecutions process? \\n How do the benefits offered to ex-combatants in the DDR programme compare to any reparations offered to victims of the armed conflict? \\n Can the benefits provided to ex-combatants be considered in light of reparations offered to victims? Is coordination between these two mechanisms possible? \\n Are there opportunities to connect the reintegration programme with locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? For example, can any benefits provided to the community include support for locally based justice and reconciliation initiatives? \\n Can the reintegration programme include a component that involves ex-combatants in efforts to rebuild communities that have been physically destroyed as a result of the armed conflict? \\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "Can":1, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1571, "Sentence":"\\n Does the monitoring and assessment of the DDR programme include assessment of the impact of the programme on human rights, justice, and rule of law?", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n monitoring assessment ddr programme include assessment impact programme human right justice rule law" }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice international standard resolution n updated set principle protection promotion human right action combat impunity 8 february 2005 un doc ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice e\/cn.4\/2005\/102\/add.1 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n united nation standard minimum rule administration juvenile justice \u201c beijing rule \u201d 29 november 1985 un doc ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"A\/RES\/40\/33.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice a\/res\/40\/33 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n guideline justice matter involving child victim witness 22 july 2005 resolution 2005\/20 see un doc ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice e\/2005\/inf\/2\/add.1 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n basic principle guideline right remedy reparation victim gross violation international human right law international humanitarian law 21 march 2006 un doc ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"A\/RES\/60\/147.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice a\/res\/60\/147 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n report secretarygeneral rule law transitional justice conflict post conflict society 3 august 2004 un doc ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"S\/2002\/616.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice s\/2002\/616 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n \u2014 resolution 1325 woman peace security 31 october 2000 un doc ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"S\/RES\/1325.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice s\/res\/1325 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n \u2014 resolution 1820 sexual violence 19 june 2008 un doc ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"S\/RES\/1820.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice s\/res\/1820 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice rule law tool n office high commissioner human right rule law tool postconflict state amnesty ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice united nation new york geneva 2009 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n \u2014 rule law tool postconflict state maximizing legacy hybrid court ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice united nation new york geneva 2008 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n \u2014 rule law tool postconflict state reparation programme ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice united nation new york geneva 2008 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n \u2014 rule law tool postconflict state prosecution initiative ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice united nation new york geneva 2006 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n \u2014 rule law tool postconflict state truth commission ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice united nation new york geneva 2006 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n \u2014 rule law tool postconflict state vetting operational framework ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice united nation new york geneva 2006.analysis case study n baptistalundin ira\u00ea \u201c peace process mozambique \u201d ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice case study ddr transi tional justice ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"New York: International Center for Transitional Justice.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice new york international center transitional justice ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n de greiff pablo \u201c contributing peace justice\u2014finding balance ddr reparation \u201d paper presented conference building future peace justice nuremberg germany june 2527 2007 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice available http\/\/www.peacejusticeconference.info\/documents.asp n de greiff p ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"(ed.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ed ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice handbook reparation oxford university international center transitional justice 2006 n king jamesina \u201c gender reparation sierra leone wound war remain open \u201d happened woman gender reparation human right violation edited ruth rubiomarin ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice new york social science research council \/ international center transitional justice pp ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"246-283.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice 246283 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n mayerrieckh alexander \u201c preventing abuse vetting transitional form \u201d justice prevention vetting public employee transitional society edited alexander mayerrieckh pablo de greiff ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice new york social science research council \/ international center transitional justice 2007 pp ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"482-521.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice 482521 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n multicountry demobilization reintegration program resource available http\/\/ www.mdrp.org ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n stockholm initiative disarmament demobilisation reintegration stockholm ministry foreign affair sweden 2006 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice final report background study available http\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 n van der merwe hugo guy lamb \u201c ddr transitional justice south africa \u201d ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"A case study on DDR and transitional justice.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice case study ddr transitional justice ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice new york international center transitional justice forthcoming ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n waldorf lars \u201c transitional justice ddr postgenocide rwanda \u201d ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"A case study on DDR and transitional justice.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice case study ddr transitional justice ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice new york international center transitional justice forthcoming ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n weinstein jeremy macartan humphreys disentangling determinant successful demobilization reintegration working paper ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice 69 washington dc center global development 2005 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n Alie, J.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n alie j ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice \u201c reconciliation transitional justice traditionbased practice kpaa mende sierra leone \u201d huyse l. n salter ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"(eds.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice ed ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice traditional justice reconciliation violent conflict learning african experience stockholm international idea 2008 p. 142 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n waldorf l. \u201c mass justice mass atrocity rethinking local justice transitional justice \u201d temple law review 79 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"1 (2006): pp.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice 1 2006 pp ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"1-87.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice 187 ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n van der mere h. lamb g. \u201c ddr transitional justice south africa \u201d case study ddr transitional justice new york international center transitional justice forthcoming ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"\\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n \u201c part 9 community reconciliation \u201d commission reception truth reconciliation east timor p. 4 http\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/timor.cavr.english\/09communityreconciliation ." }, { "ID":50, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Annex C: Further reading", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":34, "Paragraph":"International Standards and Resolutions \\n Updated Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (\u201cThe Beijing Rules\u201d), 29 November 1985, UN Doc. A\/RES\/40\/33. \\n Guidelines on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses, 22 July 2005, Resolution 2005\/20 see UN Doc. E\/2005\/INF\/2\/Add.1. \\n Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparations for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, 21 March 2006, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post- conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2002\/616. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, 31 October 2000, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1325. \\n \u2014, Resolution 1820 on Sexual Violence, 19 June 2008, UN Doc. S\/RES\/1820. Rule of Law Tools \\n Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Amnesties. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2009. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Maximizing the Legacy of Hybrid Courts. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Reparations Programmes. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2008. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecutions Initiatives. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Truth Commissions. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006. \\n \u2014, Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Vetting: An Operational Framework. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2006.Analysis and Case Studies \\n Baptista-Lundin, Ira\u00ea, \u201cPeace Process in Mozambique\u201d. A case study on DDR and transi- tional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. \\n de Greiff, Pablo, \u201cContributing to Peace and Justice\u2014Finding a Balance Between DDR and Reparations\u201d, a paper presented at the conference Building a Future on Peace and Justice, Nuremberg, Germany (June 25-27, 2007). Available at http:\/\/www.peace-justice-conference.info\/documents.asp \\n De Greiff, P. (ed.), The Handbook for Reparations, (Oxford University and The International Center for Transitional Justice, 2006) \\n King, Jamesina, \u201cGender and Reparations in Sierra Leone: The Wounds of War Remain Open\u201d in What Happened to the Women: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marin. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, pp. 246-283. \\n Mayer-Rieckh, Alexander, \u201cOn Preventing Abuse: Vetting and Other Transitional Re- forms\u201d in Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies, edited by Alexander Mayer-Rieckh and Pablo de Greiff. New York: Social Science Research Council \/ International Center for Transitional Justice, 2007, pp. 482-521. \\n Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Program resources available at http:\/\/ www.mdrp.org. \\n Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament Demobilisation Reintegration, Stockholm: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, 2006. Final Report and Background Studies available at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/4890 \\n van der Merwe, Hugo and Guy Lamb, \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Waldorf, Lars, \u201cTransitional Justice and DDR in Post-Genocide Rwanda\u201d. A case study on DDR and transitional justice. New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming. \\n Weinstein, Jeremy and Macartan Humphreys, Disentangling the Determinants of Successful Demobilization and Reintegration, Working Paper No. 69, Washington DC: Center for Global Development, 2005. \\n Alie, J. \u201cReconciliation and transitional justice: Tradition-based practices of the Kpaa Mende in Sierra Leone,\u201d in Huyse, L. and \\n Salter, M. (eds.), Traditional Justice and Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: Learning from African Experiences (Stockholm: International IDEA, 2008), p. 142. \\n Waldorf, L. \u201cMass Justice for Mass Atrocity: Rethinking Local Justice as Transitional Justice\u201d, Temple Law Review 79, no. 1 (2006): pp. 1-87. \\n van der Mere, H. and Lamb, G., \u201cDDR and Transitional Justice in South Africa\u201d, a case study on DDR and transitional justice (New York: International Center for Transitional Justice, forthcoming). \\n \u201cPart 9: Community Reconciliation\u201d, in Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor, p. 4, http:\/\/www.ictj.org\/static\/Timor.CAVR.English\/09-Community-Reconciliation. pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "Can":0, "May":0, "Must":0, "Shall":0, "Should":0, "ParagraphID":1572, "Sentence":"pdf (accessed on 12 August 2008).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice pdf accessed 12 august 2008 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice 1 united nation security council report secretarygeneral rule law transitional justice conflict postconflict society 3 august 2004 un doc ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"S\/2004\/616.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice s\/2004\/616 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 2 formally defined generally assumed genocide slavery slave trade extra judicial summary arbitrary execution enforces disappearance torture cruel inhuman degrading treatment punishment prolonged arbitrary detention deportation forcible trans fer population systematic racial discrimination fall category gross violation human right ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice deliberate systematic deprivation essential foodstuff essential primary health care basic shelter housing may also amount gross violation human right ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 3 security council resolution 1856 2 december 2008 un doc ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice s\/res\/1856 n 4 united nation security council report secretarygeneral ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 5 1948 convention prevention punishment crime genocide international covenant civil political right 1984 convention torture cruel inhuman degrading treatment punishment international convention protection per son enforced disappearance geneva convention 1949 1977 protocol additional no.i geneva convention 12 august 1949 protocol additional no.ii ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 6 un document e\/cn.4\/2005\/102\/add.1 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 7 un document a\/res\/60\/147 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 8 united nation commission human right updated set principle protection promo tion human right action combat impunity hereafter updated set principle principle 32 8 february 2005 un doc ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice e\/cn.4\/2005\/102\/ad.1 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 9 un document s\/2004\/616 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 10 see updated principle principle 24 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 11 un document s\/2004\/616 n 12 rome statute international criminal court see preamble article 17 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 13 mary robinson \u2018 foreword \u2019 princeton principle universal jurisdiction princeton univer sity press princeton 2001 p. 16 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 14 united nation general assembly 16 december 2005 un doc ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"A\/RES\/60\/147.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice a\/res\/60\/147 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 15 ibid . principle 15 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 16 ibid . principle 16 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 17 ibid . principle 19 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 18 see united nation commission human right updated set principle principle 36 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice see also principle 36 c e according \u201c civilian control military security force well intelligence agency must ensured necessary established restored ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; .", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice end state establish effective institution civilian oversight military security force intelligence agency including legislative oversight body ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":". . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice . . public official employee particular involved military security police intelligence judicial sector ceive comprehensive ongoing training human right applicable humanitarian law standard implementation standards. \u201d n 19 vetting process aim exclude person serious integrity deficit public service important aspect institutional reform country transition ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice united nation commission human right updated set principle principle 36 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice see also n 20 ohchr tool vetting page 4 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 21 updated set principle impunity principle 36 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 22 iddrs \u201c operation programme support social economic reintegration \u201d united nation new york august 2006 4.10 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 23 united nation \u201c secretarygeneral \u2019 bulletin \u201d 6 august 1999 un doc ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"ST\/SGB\/1999\/13.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice st\/sgb\/1999\/13 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 24 Ibid.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 24 ibid ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice p. 2 n 25 pigou pier community reconciliation process commission reception truth reconciliation undp timorleste dili april 2004 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 26 multicountry demobilization reintegration program \u201c rwanda \u201d http\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"htm (accessed 9 July 2008).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice htm accessed 9 july 2008 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 27 united nation security council report secretary general securing peace development role united nation supporting security sector reform 23 january 2008 un doc ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice a\/62\/659\u2014 s\/2008\/39 ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 28 united nation security council report secretarygeneral ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime.", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 29 paris principle 3.6 n 30 crc article 39 optional protocol convention right child involvement child armed conflict article 6 n 31 un guideline justice matter involving child victim witness crime ." }, { "ID":51, "Color":"#CF7AB2", "Level":6, "LevelName":"6", "Title":"IDDRS-6.20-DDR-and-Transitional-Justice", "Heading1":"Endnotes", "Heading2":"", "Heading3":"", "Heading4":"", "Module":"DDR and Transitional Justice", "PageNum":36, "Paragraph":"1 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies, 3 August 2004, UN Doc. S\/2004\/616. \\n 2 While not formally defined, it is generally assumed that genocide, slavery and slave trade, extra- judicial, summary or arbitrary executions; enforces disappearances, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment ; prolonged arbitrary detention, deportation or forcible trans- fer of populations, and systematic racial discrimination fall into the category of gross violations of human rights. Deliberate and systematic deprivation of essential foodstuffs, essential primary health care or basic shelter and housing may also amount to gross violations of human rights. \\n 3 Security Council, Resolution 1856, 2 December 2008, UN Doc. S\/Res\/1856 \\n 4 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 5 The 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the 1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment of Punishment; the International Convention for the Protection of All per- sons from Enforced Disappearance; the Geneva Conventions of 1949; the 1977 Protocol Additional (No.I) to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949; and the Protocol Additional (No.II). \\n 6 UN document E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Add.1. \\n 7 UN document A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 8 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of principles for the protection and promo- tion of human rights through action to combat impunity (hereafter, Updated Set of Principles), Principle 32, 8 February 2005, UN Doc. E\/CN.4\/2005\/102\/Ad.1. \\n 9 UN document S\/2004\/616. \\n 10 See the Updated Principles, principle 24. \\n 11 UN document S\/2004\/616 \\n 12 The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, see Preamble and article 17. \\n 13 Mary Robinson, \u2018Foreword\u2019, The Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction, Princeton Univer- sity Press, Princeton, 2001, p. 16. \\n 14 United Nations General Assembly, 16 December 2005, UN Doc. A\/RES\/60\/147. \\n 15 Ibid., Principle 15. \\n 16 Ibid., Principle 16. \\n 17 Ibid., Principle 19. \\n 18 See United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also Principle 36 (c) and (e) according to which \u201cCivilian control of military and security forces as well as of intelligence agencies must be ensured and, where necessary, established or restored. To this end, States should establish effective institutions of civilian oversight over military and security forces and intelligence agencies, including legislative oversight bodies; . . . Public officials and employees, in particular those involved in military, security, police, intelligence and judicial sectors, should re- ceive comprehensive and ongoing training in human rights and, where applicable, humanitarian law standards and in implementation of those standards.\u201d \\n 19 Vetting processes that aim to exclude persons with serious integrity deficits from public service have been an important aspect of institutional reform in countries in transition. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Updated Set of Principles, Principle 36. See also \\n 20 OHCHR Tool on Vetting, page 4. \\n 21 Updated Set of Principles on Impunity, principle 36. \\n 22 IDDRS, \u201cOperations, Programmes and Support: Social and Economic Reintegration,\u201d (United Nations: New York, August 2006) 4.10. \\n 23 United Nations, \u201cSecretary-General\u2019s Bulletin\u201d, 6 August 1999, UN Doc. ST\/SGB\/1999\/13. \\n 24 Ibid. p. 2 \\n 25 Pigou, Piers, The Community Reconciliation Process of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, UNDP Timor-Leste, Dili, April 2004. \\n 26 Multi-country Demobilization and Reintegration Program, \u201cRwanda\u201d, http:\/\/www.mdrp.org\/rwanda. htm (accessed 9 July 2008). \\n 27 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary General on Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting security sector reform, 23 January 2008, UN Doc. A\/62\/659\u2014 S\/2008\/39. \\n 28 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General. \\n 29 Paris Principles, 3.6 \\n 30 CRC, article 39 and Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed conflict, article 6 \\n 31 UN Guidelines on Justice Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. \\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "Can":0, "May":1, "Must":1, "Shall":0, "Should":1, "ParagraphID":1573, "Sentence":"\\n 32 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), article 6 (5).", "ProcessedSent":"DDR and Transitional Justice n 32 protocol additional geneva convention 12 august 1949 relating protection victim noninternational armed conflict protocol ii article 6 5 ." } ]